PMID- 7350334 TI - Indications for lumbar puncture. PMID- 7350335 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors in prophylaxis of coffee intolerance. PMID- 7350336 TI - Rupture of diaphragm. PMID- 7350337 TI - Political realities and biomedical research. PMID- 7350338 TI - Successful use of a paracorporeal left ventricular assist device in man. AB - A paracorporeal left ventricular assist device (LVAD) with a capacity to pump 8 L/min of blood was employed in a clinical trial, and this report details the first survivor. A 60-year-old man could not be separated from the pump oxygenator following coronary artery bypass grafting, and, therefore, an LVAD was employed. Almost the entire left ventricular workload was assumed by the mechanical pump so that the myocardium was allowed to rest and recover. The LVAD support was continued for 105 hours. It provided satisfactory total body perfusion with maintenance of good hemodynamics--without serious deleterious effects on hematologic factors. The patient is alive and active without cardiac symptoms 16 months after his operation. The total experience with 13 LVAD implantations warrants continuation of the clinical trials in selected patients. PMID- 7350339 TI - Transvenous insertion of double sets of permanent electrodes. Atraumatic technique for atrial synchronous and atrioventricular sequential pacemakers. PMID- 7350340 TI - Pulmonary residuum 14 months after skin rash and pneumonia. PMID- 7350341 TI - Green light for some diabetes therapies? PMID- 7350342 TI - Air Force will study men who sprayed Agent Orange. PMID- 7350343 TI - More physician involvement in future Olympic programs. PMID- 7350344 TI - Medical Costs. PMID- 7350345 TI - Colorectal cancer screening. PMID- 7350346 TI - Congenital hypothyroidism control programs. PMID- 7350348 TI - Overuse of albumin. PMID- 7350347 TI - Immunization programs. PMID- 7350349 TI - Shaving of eyebrows. PMID- 7350350 TI - Shaving of eyebrows. PMID- 7350351 TI - Shaving of eyebrows. PMID- 7350352 TI - What is a geriatrician? PMID- 7350353 TI - Detection of phenylketonuria in autistic and psychotic children. AB - Sixty-five children with pervasive developmental disturbance (autism and atypical childhood psychosis) were screened by standard urinary amino acid detection testing methods. Three of the children showed abnormalities in these screening tests, leading to the diagnosis of phenylketonuria. This was verified by repeated urinary testing and blood phenylalanine determinations. The children with phenylketonuria were treated with low-phenylalanine diets and have shown improvement in functioning and developmental level since treatment. Urinary genetic screening should be a standard test for all children being evaluated for serious developmental disturbances of childhood. PMID- 7350354 TI - Students transferring into an American medical school. Remediating their deficiencies. AB - Thirty US citizen foreign-trained medical students (USFMS) and eleven US-trained medical students (USMS) were accepted with advanced standing to the University of Arizona College of Medicine (UACM) in September 1978. Each student was required to meet predetermined mastery criteria in physical diagnosis skills during a six week intensive training program before entering clinical clerkships. On entrance, USFMS showed severe deficiencies in physical examination and medical interviewing skills compared with both USMS and sophomore students at UACM. By the completion of the program, all differences between the USFMS and the USMS were nonsignificant, except for factual knowledge of pathophysiology. The transfer students received lower ratings than the UACM students on preceptorship evaluations and patient write-ups. Deficiencies in clinical skills of USFMS were reduced by a brief, intensive training program characterized by specific mastery criteria. PMID- 7350355 TI - Survey of health professionals' information habits and needs. Conducted through personal interviews. AB - Interviews with 402 randomly selected health professionals identified the information habits health professionals used to stay abreast of current advances in medicine. The use of various information sources was related to such factors as their type of practice, specialty, location of practice, professional's age, and the size of their primary hospital. In addition to medical literature, the most common source, the typical responder spent one to five hours each week in discussions with colleagues. He or she also spent five to ten hours each year at local professional meetings, five to ten hours per year at state meetings, ten to 15 hours per year at national meetings, and ten to 15 hours per year at educational courses sponsored by various medical schools. Unsolicited medical literature was used extensively, particularly by those in rural, solo practice. PMID- 7350356 TI - Carcinoma in situ of the genitalia. PMID- 7350357 TI - LeVeen shunt dislodgement. PMID- 7350358 TI - Screening for aldosterone. PMID- 7350359 TI - Clogged renal, femoral arteries yield to balloon catheter technique. PMID- 7350360 TI - Experts cite paralysis of asbestos exposure control efforts. PMID- 7350361 TI - Sudden death brings East and West together. PMID- 7350362 TI - Other types of heart disease on US-USSR agenda. PMID- 7350363 TI - Placebo therapy. PMID- 7350364 TI - Placebo therapy. PMID- 7350365 TI - The healer's hand. PMID- 7350366 TI - Faulty communications. PMID- 7350367 TI - Mefenamic acid for dysmenorrhea in patients with intrauterine devices. PMID- 7350368 TI - Treatment of photosensitive American Indians with oral beta carotene. PMID- 7350369 TI - The attending physician. Privilege and pitfalls. PMID- 7350370 TI - Improved nonoperative diagnosis of the solitary 'cold' thyroid nodule. Surgical selection based on risk factors and three months of suppression. AB - We assessed the cancer-predictive value of a nonoperative, two-stage prospective selection of solitary, cold, solid thyroid nodules that can be employed by the primary clinician. One hundred eighteen patients completed the protocol, all without adverse effect. The first stage identified for direct surgery 30 patients with a history of exposure to irradiation during youth, age under 20 years, recent growth of a hard nodule or lymphadenopathy, revealing 15 cancers and ten adenomas. In the second stage, the remaining 83 patients were given liothyronine for three months. Twenty-six nodules were excised because they failed to shrink 50% in diameter, disclosing five cancers and 19 adenomas. There were no cancers among 14 nodules excised for other reasons. Selection for surgery on the basis of clinical evaluation and risk factors alone can identify most of the cancers and lack of response to suppression a few more. PMID- 7350371 TI - Hyperparathyroidism and pancreatitis. Chance or a causal association? AB - Of 1,153 patients with surgically confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism operated on at the Mayo Clinic between 1950 and 1975, only 17 (1.5%) had coexisting or prior pancreatitis. This frequency of association approximates the reported incidence of pancreatitis among general hospital patient populations. Other factors of possible etiologic significance in pancreatitis, such as gallstones or alcohol abuse, were present in 11 of the 17 patients. Cure of the hyperparathyroidism was usually not associated with amelioration of symptoms due to pancreatitis. A review of the available data, including experimental evidence, does not support a cause-and-effect relationship between primary hyperparathyroidism or hypercalcemia and pancreatitis. PMID- 7350372 TI - Pathology in the Soviet Union. AB - Five pathologists from the United States visited the Soviet Union for three weeks in April 1978 to learn of the training in and the practice of pathology in that country. The major observations of the Americans were that (1) pathology is a medical specialty in the Soviet Union, with practice limited to anatomic pathology; (2) exfoliative cytology and clinical pathology are not part of pathology; (3) interest, both clinical and experimental, in occupational, environmental, and geographic pathology is conspicuous; (4) an autopsy rate of 90% to 95% is customary; and (5) there is an organized and hierarchical framework for practice, with career patterns established early and change infrequent. PMID- 7350373 TI - A method for understanding three-dimensional coronary anatomy. AB - A simple method for interpreting and reviewing the anatomy of the coronary arteries as seen on angiograms uses the concept of two imaginary circles around the interventricular and atrioventricular grooves, respectively. The hands and fingers of the viewer are used to res in various angiographic projections may be properly understood. PMID- 7350374 TI - Hypoparathyroidism and pregnancy. Treatment with calcitriol. AB - Calcitriol was used successfully to treat a patient with hypoparathyroidism during pregnancy. Increasing dosage of calcitriol were needed during the last trimester with a prompt decrease in the requirement after delivery. The dosage changes appear to mirror the pattern of endogenous synthesis of calcitriol in normal pregnant women. PMID- 7350375 TI - Severe thrombocytopenia and sarcoidosis. PMID- 7350376 TI - Exercise tests after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7350377 TI - What to look for in rib fractures and how. PMID- 7350378 TI - Regression of multiple pulmonary varices after mitral valve replacement. AB - A 30-year-old woman with severe mitral insufficiency had large, rounded opacities at the right hilus as seen on her chest x-ray film. These were shown to be varicosities of the right pulmonary veins by pulmonary angiography and by direct injection of contrast medium from a Brockenbrough catheter, which entered the varices from the left atrium. A year after mitral valve replacement there was complete regression of the venous dilatations. When a pulmonary varix is detected there is associated heart disease in 40% of cases. Mitral valve disease (usually mitral insufficiency) is the cardiac abnormality in 27%. This would indicate that pulmonary varix is a complication of mitral insufficiency. Four patients who have undergone valve replacement for mitral reflux have shown regression of the caricosities, suggesting that relief of mitral insufficiency will reduce or eliminate the risk of varix rupture. PMID- 7350379 TI - Left ventricular function following aortic valve replacement: assessment by radionuclide ventriculography. AB - Left ventricular function following aortic valve replacement has been evaluated in 15 consecutive patients. Cold potassium cardioplegia was utilized for myocardial preservation. Left ventricular function was assessed by radionuclide ventriculography performed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. The predominant lesion was aortic insufficiency in 10 patients and aortic stenosis in five patients. All patients demonstrated improved ejection fractions at 3 months. The mean increases of ejection fraction in the aortic insufficiency group were 20% from the anterior (Ant.) position and 12.5% from the left anterior oblique (LAO) position; in the aortic stenosis group they were 15.2% (Ant.) and 14.8% (LAO). It is our contention that cold potassium cardioplegia is an effective means of myocardial preservation and that it showed no measurable deleterious effect on left heart function in this group of patients. PMID- 7350380 TI - Bovine aortic and human dura mater valves: a comparative study in artificial hearts in calves. AB - Thirty-one glutaraldehyde-treated bovine aortic valves (BAVs) and 105 glycerol treated human dura mater valves (HDVs) were used in 51 various artificial hearts up to 316 days in calves. Multiple valves were implanted in the same animal under different hemodynamic conditions. A comparative study of these valves was performed in terms of blood compatibility and durability with relation to the different hemodynamic environments. Both BAVs and HDVs showed good blood compatibility. The degradation of collagen bundles of the valves began as early as 7 days in BAVs and 13 days in HDVs, and was seen in the hinged portions of the cusps. The fiber separation and resultant void formation were followed with insudation of blood elements and subsequent calcification. Calcification was dystrophic in nature and was encountered in 70.9% of BAVs and 7.6% of HDVs. All 17 BAVs used more than 30 days were calcified; in HDVs the earliest calcified lesion was seen in a 78 day specimen. The pathological changes were more severe in the left side than the right of the total artificial hearts. These results clearly indicated that the HDV is more durable than the glutaraldehyde-treated BAV. It was suggested that degradation of these tissue valves is greatly affected by the degree of hemodynamic stress on the valve cusp. Although glutaraldehyde treatment has increased the durability of tissue valves in general, the structure of the valve tissue also plays an important role in long-term durability. PMID- 7350381 TI - Long gap esophageal atresia: primary anastomosis after esophageal elongation by bougienage and esophagomyotomy. AB - Treatment of infants with "long gap" esophageal atresia usually requires a staged procedure consisting of cervical esophagostomy and gastrostomy at birth, and then a bowel interposition between the esophagus and stomach at 1 year of age. Because this approach produces significant morbidity and swallowing dysfunction, an alternative method for treating the long gap atresia is recommended. The upper esophageal pouch can be elongated by preoperative bougienage during a 2 to 10 week period of delay. Intraoperative circumferential esophagomyotomy can further elongate the upper pouch by about 1 cm for each myotomy. Combining these two techniques allows successful primary esophageal reconstruction in infants with long gap esophageal atresia previously considered uncorrectable except by use of colonic or gastric tube interpositions. PMID- 7350382 TI - Bronchopleural fistula: treatment by transposition of pectoralis major muscle. AB - The occurrence of a bronchopleural fistula continues to constitute a major therapeutic challenge for the thoracic surgeon. Successful closure of the fistula requires that the associated empyema cavity be obliterated. We describe a patient in whom the entire pectoralis major muscle was transposed into the thorax to obliterate the cavity as well as close the bronchopleural fistula. PMID- 7350383 TI - A cosmetically acceptable incision for the median sternotomy. AB - The median sternotomy incision has become the routine approach for most cardiac surgical procedures. This generally gives a poor cosmetic result. In certain patients, particularly those who are asymptomatic and undergoing short, low-risk procedures, cosmetic considerations are of relatively greater importance. We describe a transverse skin incision which gives adequate exposure for the median sternotomy. It has been used successfully in 40 female patients. This technique provides a cosmetically acceptable incision for the median sternotomy approach. PMID- 7350384 TI - The quest for ideal myocardial protection. PMID- 7350385 TI - Comparison of single-dose and multiple-dose crystalloid and blood potassium cardioplegia during prolonged hypothermic aortic occlusion. PMID- 7350386 TI - The additive protective effects of hypothermia and chemical cardioplegia during ischemic cardiac arrest in the dog. AB - In clinical use cardioplegia is usually combined with local cardiac hypothermia, whose powerful protective effects make it difficult to assess the contributions made by the cardioplegic solution. The additive protective effects of hypothermia and of an experimental cardioplegic infusate were studied in 20 dogs which were subjected to 120 minutes of myocardial ischemia at 20 degrees C. In the hypothermic group 10 hearts were infused with a noncardioplegic solution at 20 degrees C at the onset and after 60 minutes of ischemia. In the cardioplegia plus hypothermia group of 10 hearts identical infusion conditions were followed, with the cardioplegia solution at 20 degrees C. Measurements of ventricular function before and after bypass revealed significantly better recoveries in the cardioplegic group than in the hypothermic group. Recoveries of cardiac output, left ventricular minute work, and dP/dt in the cardioplegia group were 92%, 62% and 91%, respectively, whereas in the hypothermia group the values were 38%, 17%, and 43%, respectively. Parallel biochemical assessments from biopsies revealed that postischemic myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was unchanged from control in the cardioplegia group but fell significantly to 56% of control in the hypothermia group. Assessment of myocardial integrity by birefringence showed no change in the cardioplegia group but a deterioration in the hypothermia group. These results demonstrate that chemical cardioplegia when combined with hypothermia affords additional protection to the ischemic heart. PMID- 7350387 TI - The additive protective effects of hypothermia and chemical cardioplegia during ischemic cardiac arrest in the rat. AB - In a rat heart model of cardiopulmonary bypass and ischemic cardiac arrest the potential additive protective effects of hypothermia and chemical cardioplegia have been investigated. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to a 2 minute period of coronary infusion with a cardioplegic or a noncardioplegic solution immediately before and also at the midpoint of a 2 hour period of hypothermic (20 degrees C) ischemic cardiac arrest. In the hypothermia plus cardioplegia group postischemic aortic flow recovered to more than 50% of its preischemic control value, myocardial energy phosphate content returned to near preischemic control levels, and creatine kinase leakage was moderate. By contrast, in the hypothermia alone group (coronary infusion with non cardioplegic solution) the postischemic functional recovery was less than 30% of its preischemic control value, cellular high-energy phosphate content was considerably reduced, and creatine kinase leakage was more than twice that observed in the hypothermia plus cardioplegia group. In addition to illustrating the additive nature and powerful protective properties of hypothermia and cardioplegia these studies serve to illustrate the utility of the isolated rat heart model for the primary assessment of procedures designed to protect the myocardium during ischemic cardiac arrest. The results and conclusions derived from this study were quantitatively and qualitatively similar to those obtained in a parallel study in the dog. PMID- 7350388 TI - Advantages of hypothermic potassium cardioplegia and superiority of continuous versus intermittent aortic cross-clamping. AB - The relative effectivenss of hypothermic potassium (K) cardioplegia in conjunction with either continuous or intermittent aortic cross-clamping was evaluated in 20 mongrel dogs. Isovolumetric left ventricular (LV) contractions and myocardial biopsies were obtained before and after a total of 90 minutes of aortic cross-clamping. The dogs were randomly divided into four groups of five dogs each as follows: Group I, continuous 90 minute cross-clamping and multidose K at 4 degrees C (40 mEq/L); Group II, intermittent cross-clamping consisting of six 15 minute periods of cross-clamping separated by 5 minute reperfusion periods and K cardioplegia at 4 degrees C given at the start of each cross-clamping period; Group III, continuous 90 minute cross-clamping and multidose buffered saline at 4 degrees C; Group IV, intermittent cross-clamping, consisting of six 15 minute periods of cross-clamping separated by 5 minute reperfusion periods and buffered saline at 4 degrees C given at the initiation of each cross-clamp period. Group I dogs had the best myocardial performance, with no difference between control values of peak LV pressure and dP/dtmax and those recordings obtained 60 minutes after release of the aortic cross-clamp. Significant depression of LV function was noted in all other groups. Examination of force velocity and length-tension relationships confirmed better myocardial performance in Groups I and II (multidose K at 4 degrees C) than in Groups III and IV (buffered saline at 4 degrees C). Groups I and III (continuous cross-clamping) had no de-rease in diastolic LV compliance after cross-clamping, whereas compliance was decreased in both Groups II and IV (intermittent cross-clamping) at higher preloads (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.025, respectively). The wet weight/dry weight myocardial ratios were lower in Groups I and III (continuous cross-clamping) than in Groups II and IV (intermittent cross clamping). Although creatine phosphate (CP) concentrations were rapidly restored by reperfusion in all groups, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glycogen myocardial stores were better preserved at the end of cross-clamping in Groups I and II (multidose K at 4 degrees C). Although LV diastolic compliance was decreased and myocardial water content was increased in Groups II and IV (intermittent cross-clamping), no differences in the minimal extent of subendocardial hemorrhage, edema, and contraction-band necrosis were observed among any of the groups examined electron microscopically. The present study identifies continuous aortic cross-clamping with multidose K at 4 degrees C as a superior method of myocardial protection. PMID- 7350389 TI - Glucose substrate in myocardial protection. AB - Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) was infused preoperatively in 30 patients scheduled for coronary artery operation. Before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) each patient received an intravenous infusion of 50% glucose. Myocardial protection was achieved with a cardioplegic solution containing glucose. A similar group of 30 patients received an equal volume of NaCl infused preoperatively and before CPB, and their cardioplegic solution contained no glucose. Clinically and by hemodynamic evaluation postoperatively one could not separate the two groups. Glycogen grading of the myocardium prior to bypass demonstrated no difference in glycogen levels in patients receiving glucose and those receiving NaCl. However, at the end of cardioplegic arrest only the group receiving glucose maintained normal grading of myocardial glycogen. PMID- 7350390 TI - Fontan's operation for Ebstein's anomaly. AB - Reported herein is the case of a patient with an almost imperforate form of Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve and a small muscular ventricular septal defect through which the left ventricle communicated with the right ventricular outflow tract. This particular anatomy facilitated the successful execution of a Fontan operation. We are of the opinion that this operation could find its place among the surgical options for Ebstein's anomaly. PMID- 7350391 TI - Pulsus paradoxus: a manifestation of a marked reduction of left ventricular end diastolic volume in cardiac tamponade. PMID- 7350392 TI - Thromboxane synthesis and platelet secretion during cardiopulmonary bypass with bubble oxygenator. PMID- 7350393 TI - Clinical experience with the activated clotting time for the control of heparin and protamine therapy during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The clinical experience with the activated clotting time (ACT) for the control of heparin and protamine therapy during cardiopulmonary bypass in 70 patients (50 adults and 20 children) is reviewed. After a standard dose of 2 mg/kg of body weight of heparin, the patient's ACT ranged from 210 to more than 600 seconds. The heparin dose required to accomplish an ACT of 500 seconds ranged from 1.3 to 4.7 mg/kg for adults and from 2 to 4.5 mg/kg for children. At the termination of bypass, the assessment of the patient's heparin level with the ACT allowed a more accurate reversal with protamine and markedly reduced the protamine requirements. Although the postoperative drainage was not significantly decreased, the total amount of blood transfusion and fresh-frozen plasma and platelet requirements were reduced by 30%, 20%, and 20% respectively. The simple, easy-to-use protocol is presented in detail. PMID- 7350394 TI - Ambulatory medical care: a comparison of internists and family-general practitioners. AB - We analyzed data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to compare the style of practice of two primary-care providers, general internists and family general practitioners. Whereas internists spent 18.4 minutes with the average patient, family-general practitioners spent 13.0 minutes. Whereas internists used laboratory tests in 73 per cent of visits and x-ray tests in 53 per cent, family general practitioners used these studies in 34 and 19 per cent of visits. Internists provided instructions regarding health problems in 17.8 per cent of visits, and family-general practitioners in 12.4 per cent. The two provider groups did not differ in terms of therapy for emotional problems, both providing it in a relatively low proportion of visits (3 per cent). Whether by choice or necessity, family-general practitioners spent less time examining and instructing patients, and they ordered fewer laboratory and x-ray studies. The implications of these differences for the cost and quality of primary care need further study. PMID- 7350395 TI - Stereoselective interaction of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with the separated enantiomorphs of racemic warfarin in man. PMID- 7350396 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Normal reference laboratory values. PMID- 7350397 TI - Membrane cholesterol--is enough too much? PMID- 7350398 TI - The promotion of health through health insurance. PMID- 7350399 TI - A challenge for the hospice movement. PMID- 7350400 TI - Paternal history of heart attack in marathoners. PMID- 7350401 TI - Coronary-artery disease in marathon runners. PMID- 7350402 TI - Coronary-artery disease in marathon runners. PMID- 7350403 TI - Coronary-artery disease in marathon runners. PMID- 7350404 TI - Racial susceptibility to coccidioidomycosis. PMID- 7350405 TI - Screening for breast cancer. PMID- 7350406 TI - Effect of cholesterol on production of thromboxane b2 by platelets in vitro. AB - We altered platelet cholesterol by incubating the cells with either "cholesterol rich" or "cholesterol-poor" liposomes. These platelets were then used to study the influence of cholesterol content on the metabolism of arachidonic acid, a fatty acid that serves as the critical precursor in the platelet for formation of the potent aggregating agent thromboxane A2. After addition of the aggregating agent thrombin, cholesterol-enriched platelets released 18.1 +/- 0.6 per cent (mean +/- 1 S.E.M.) [14C]arachidonic acid from prelabeled platelet phospholipids. This value was higher (P less than 0.001) than that for cholesterol-depleted platelets (14.6 +/- 1.0 per cent). Conversion of released arachidonic acid to platelet thromboxane B2 (the stable end product of thromboxane A2) was also higher in cholesterol-rich platelets (22.6 +/- 3.9 per cent) than in cholesterol depleted platelets (13.8 +/- 2.7 per cent). These studies show that changes in the cholesterol content of human platelets in vitro have a significant effect on platelt metabolism of arachidonic acid. N Engl J Med 302:6-10, 1980). PMID- 7350407 TI - Screening for breast cancer. PMID- 7350408 TI - Nurses' participation in clinical research. PMID- 7350409 TI - Nurses' participation in clinical research. PMID- 7350410 TI - Nurses' participation in clinical research. PMID- 7350411 TI - The narrow gauge. PMID- 7350412 TI - The narrow gauge. PMID- 7350413 TI - The narrow gauge. PMID- 7350414 TI - By the London Post. Excellence or minimal acceptable standards?--Philosophy of a journalist. PMID- 7350415 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly cclinicopathological exercises. Case 1-1980. PMID- 7350416 TI - Hope in primary pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7350417 TI - Sounding board. Immoral and moral uses of animals. PMID- 7350418 TI - Bacteriuria in schoolgirls. PMID- 7350419 TI - A cluster of infants born with trisomy 18. PMID- 7350420 TI - Fc receptors of microglial lipophages in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7350421 TI - Problems of peppermint-flavored lidocaine. PMID- 7350422 TI - Problems of peppermint-flavored lidocaine. PMID- 7350423 TI - Problems of peppermint-flavored lidocaine. PMID- 7350424 TI - Use of excessive lidocaine concentrations for local anestheisa. PMID- 7350425 TI - Addiction rare in patients treated with narcotics. PMID- 7350427 TI - "Microbiatrics"? PMID- 7350426 TI - Decreased ketogenesis due to deficiency of hepatic carnitine acyl transferase. PMID- 7350428 TI - A new era in quality assurance. PMID- 7350429 TI - Death with dignity. PMID- 7350430 TI - Death with dignity. PMID- 7350431 TI - Death with dignity. PMID- 7350432 TI - Death with dignity. PMID- 7350433 TI - Death with dignity. PMID- 7350434 TI - Bacteriuria in schoolgirls. PMID- 7350435 TI - Oral hydralazine therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension. AB - To evaluate the hemodynamic effects of hydralazine in four patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, we catheterized the right side of the heart before and 48 hours after starting therapy with oral hydralazine, 50 mg every six hours. Data were obtained at rest in four patients and also during exercise in three. After hydralazine, total pulmonary resistance at rest fell from 17.5 to 7.7 U, and pulmonary arteriolar resistance from 15.6 to 7.1 U; cardiac output increased from 3.8 to 7.1 liters per minute, and the arteriovenous oxygen difference narrowed from 7.8 to 5.4 ml per deciliter. Mean pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures were unchanged. Hydralazine also caused total pulmonary resistance during exercise to fall from 15.7 to 10.2 U, and cardiac output to rise from 4.7 to 7.0 liters per minute. Treatment was continued, and on repeat catheterizations three to six months later the hemodynamic effects persisted. These data suggest that hydralazine can reduce pulmonary resistance in some patients with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7350436 TI - Cancer of the breast: the past decade (second of two parts). PMID- 7350437 TI - Diazoxide in primary pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7350438 TI - Diabetes due to secretion of an abnormal insulin. AB - A 51-year-old, nonobese man with diabetes mellitus had marked hyperinsulinemia (70 to 120 muU per milliliter; 502 to 860 pmol per liter) and fasting hyperglycemia (140 to 170 mg per 100 ml; 7.8 to 9.4 mmol per liter). Plasma proinsulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and cortisol levels were normal; insulin antibodies and insulin-receptor antibodies were not detected. The patient showed relatively normal insulin sensitivity, and insulin receptors on circulating monocytes were within the normal range. Insulin from the patient's serum bound to IM-9 lymphocytes and rat adipocytes approximately 40 per cent as well as insulin standards. Its biologic activity on rat adipocytes averaged 15 per cent of that expected from its immunologic concentration. The impaired biologic activity of this patient's circulating insulin was probably due to a structural abnormality. Subsequent studies of the patient's insulin (fortuitously obtained from his pancreas during a laparotomy for a pancreatic cyst) have confirmed this conclusion. (N Engl J Med 302:129-135, 1980). PMID- 7350439 TI - Further evidence relating mitral-valve prolapse to cerebral ischemic events. AB - Echocardiography demonstrates prolapse of the mitral valve in at least 5 per cent of the population. Since some observations have linked this condition to stroke, we studied its incidence in two groups of patients with cerebral ischemia. The older group contained 141 patients over 45 years of age (mean, 64.7 years) who had transient ischemia or partial stroke. Prolapse was found in eight (5.7 per cent) of these patients and in 10 (7.1 per cent) of 141 age-matched controls. The second group contained 60 patients who had transient ischemia or partial stroke and were under 45 years old (mean 33.9 years). Prolapse was detected in 24 patients (40 per cent) but in only five (6.8 per cent) of 60 age-matched controls (mean age, 33.7 years). The odds ratio, 9.33, was highly significant (P less than 0.001). In six of the 24 patients there were other potential causes for cerebral ischemia leaving 18 whom the only recognizable potential cause was a prolapsing mitral valve (odds ratio, 7.00; P less than 0.001). This study suggests that this entity has a role in cerebral ischemia, at least in younger patients. (N Engl J Med 302:139-144, 1980). PMID- 7350440 TI - Notes of a biology-watcher: on science business. PMID- 7350441 TI - The insulinopathies. PMID- 7350442 TI - The patient and the record. PMID- 7350443 TI - Sounding Board. Patients who read their hospital charts. PMID- 7350444 TI - A reminder--fever due to methyldopa. PMID- 7350445 TI - Exercise testing after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7350446 TI - Exercise testing after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7350447 TI - Exercise testing after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7350448 TI - Quinidine-digoxin interaction. PMID- 7350449 TI - Quinidine-digoxin interaction. PMID- 7350450 TI - Quinidine-digoxin interaction. PMID- 7350451 TI - Quinidine-digoxin interaction. PMID- 7350452 TI - Quinidine-digoxin interaction. PMID- 7350453 TI - Lactose intolerance. PMID- 7350454 TI - Lactose intolerance. PMID- 7350455 TI - Hepatitis in toxoplasmosis. PMID- 7350456 TI - Prevention of thrombosis by low-dose aspirin in patients on hemodialysis. PMID- 7350457 TI - Synthesis of thyroglobulin. PMID- 7350458 TI - The FDA's classification system for new drugs. An evaluation of therapeutic gain. PMID- 7350459 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism. Incidence, morbidity, and potential economic impact in a community. AB - We examined the incidence and clinical and economic consequences of primary hyperparathyroidism in residents of Rochester, Minn, from 1965 through 1976; 90 cases were found. From January 1, 1965, to June 31, 1974, the average annual incidence was 7.8 +/- 1.2 (mean +/- S.D.) cases per 100,000 population. However, after the introduction of routine measurement of serum calcium, the average annual incidence rose to 51.1 +/- 9.6 cases per 100,000. Even after availability of routine measurement of serum calcium, the annual incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism among persons 39 years of age or younger remained below 10 cases per 100,000. However, the annual incidence increased sharply in persons 40 or more years of age, reaching 188 cases per 100,000 among women 60 years of age and over and 92 cases per 100,000 among men 60 and over. For the last 1.5 years of the study, the average annual age-adjusted incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism was 27.7 +/- 5.8 per 100,000. The frequency of urolithiasis fell from 51 to 4 per cent (P less than 0.001), and the proportion of cases without symptoms or complications of primary hyperparathyroidism rose from 18 to 51 per cent (P less than 0.005). The median charge in 1977 for diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism was $1700. (N Engl J Med 302:189-193, 1980). PMID- 7350460 TI - Platelet activation during exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. AB - Because platelet activation may be important in the worsening of coronary atherosclerosis, we used a radioimmunoassay for platelet factor 4 to study platelet behavior in patients with coronary-artery disease. Forty patients had paired blood samples withdrawn for measurement of the plasma level of platelet factor 4 before and after a standardized exercise-tolerance test. Twenty patients had positive tests, and 19 of those 20 had clinical or angiographic evidence of coronary-artery disease. Eleven of the 20 had a greater than 50 per cent increase in platelet factor 4 after exercise. The remaining nine had positive exercise tests without rises in platelet factor 4. Elevated levels returned to normal within 15 minutes of exercise. Eighteen of 20 patients with negative exercise tests had no rise in platelet factor 4 after exercise. We conclude that a subset of patients with coronary-artery disease and exercise-induced myocardial ischemia had evidence of platelet activation and secretion. (N Engl J Med 302:193-197, 1980). PMID- 7350461 TI - Radiation-induced splenic atrophy in patients with Hodgkin's disease and non Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 7350462 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 3-1980. PMID- 7350463 TI - Does mild, asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism require surgery? PMID- 7350464 TI - Platelets and ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7350465 TI - Sounding Board. The ethics of medical participation in capital punishment by intravenous drug injection. PMID- 7350467 TI - Cancer of the pancreas. PMID- 7350466 TI - Cancer of the pancreas. PMID- 7350468 TI - Neomycin for hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 7350469 TI - Histamine antagonists and carcinoid flush. PMID- 7350470 TI - Histamine antagonists and carcinoid flush. PMID- 7350471 TI - Effect of intrathoracic pressure on left-ventricular performance. PMID- 7350472 TI - No effect of L-glutamine on cystinuria. PMID- 7350474 TI - Case 35-1979: factitious illness. PMID- 7350473 TI - Case 35-1979: factitious illness. PMID- 7350475 TI - Case 35-1979: factitious illness. PMID- 7350476 TI - Washington Report. Health-care technology: a small office vs. a big problem. PMID- 7350477 TI - Hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - To investigate some aspects of immune function in cystic fibrosis, we measured serum immunoglobulins in 419 patients. Twenty-two per cent of the 154 patients less than 10 years old had hypogammaglobulinemia-G, whereas the older patients had normal or elevated serum immunoglobulins. A single mechanism accounting for the extraordinary prevalence of hypogammaglobulinemia in young patients with cystic fibrosis was not defined in studies of T and B-lymphocyte function in vitro or in studies of IgG metabolism in vivo. Analysis of objective clinical data, including arterial blood gases, chest roentgenograms, and bacteriologic cultures, indicated that the patients with hypogammaglobulinemia had significantly less severe lung disease than did age-matched patients with cystic fibrosis and normal or elevated IgG levels. We conclude that progression of lung disease may be due in part to a hyper-immune response. PMID- 7350478 TI - Law-medicine notes. Open meetings for medical-school admissions committees. PMID- 7350479 TI - By the London post. The return of the Times -- pickets and counter pickets -- escalating damages -- humor in medicine. PMID- 7350480 TI - Mild hypertension: no more benign neglect. PMID- 7350481 TI - Who reviews the ads? PMID- 7350482 TI - Who reviews the ads? PMID- 7350483 TI - Who reviews the ads? PMID- 7350484 TI - Pros and cons of estrogen-replacement therapy. PMID- 7350485 TI - Pros and cons of estrogen-replacement therapy. PMID- 7350486 TI - Who reviews the ads? PMID- 7350487 TI - Pros and cons of estrogen-replacement therapy. PMID- 7350488 TI - Pros and cons of estrogen-replacement therapy. PMID- 7350489 TI - Testicular self-examination. PMID- 7350490 TI - Vitamin C for cancer. PMID- 7350491 TI - Vitamin C for cancer. PMID- 7350492 TI - Vitamin C for cancer. PMID- 7350494 TI - Case 36-1979: adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. PMID- 7350493 TI - Vitamin C for cancer. PMID- 7350495 TI - Hepatobiliary cancer and Salmonella. PMID- 7350496 TI - Lymphoma after thymus transplantation. PMID- 7350497 TI - Cholera--a possible endemic focus in the United States. AB - In September and October 1978, after a case of cholera had been discovered in southwestern Louisiana, 10 more Vibrio cholerae O-Group 1 infections were detected in four additional clusters. All 11 infected persons had recently eaten cooked crabs from five widely separated sites in the coastal marsh, and a matched triplet case-control study showed a significant relation between cholera and eating such crabs (P = 0.007). V. cholerae O1 was isolated from estuarine water, from fresh shrimp, from a leftover cooked crab from a patient's refrigerator, and from sewage in six towns, including three without identified cases. All isolates in Louisiana and an isolate from a single unexplained case in Texas in 1973 were biotype El Tor and serotype inaba; they were hemolytic and of a phage type unique to the United States--suggesting that the organism persisted undetected along the Gulf Coast for at least five years. PMID- 7350498 TI - Vitamin D homeostasis in the perinatal period: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in maternal, cord, and neonatal blood. AB - To investigate vitamin D homeostasis in term pregnancy, we measured 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) in serum samples from 19 term pregnant women and in samples from the placental veins of their infants. Samples were obtained from 14 neonates at 24 hours of age. At delivery, maternal concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D were elevated above normal adult values; placental-vein concentrations in the infants were significantly lower than adult normal or maternal values and bore no relation to maternal values. By the time the infants reached 24 hours of age, their serum concentrations had reached normal adult values, concomitant with a decrease in serum concentration of ionized calcium. We speculate that low 1,25(OH)2D concentrations in utero suggest that there is no need for intestinal calcium absorption in the fetus. Postnatal increase of 1,25(OH)2D may result from its production as a prerequisite to extrauterine requirements for intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus. PMID- 7350499 TI - Sexual abuse of children: clinical findings and implications for management. AB - To increase understanding of childhood sexual abuse, we reviewed the hospital records of 113 girls and 17 boys who were the victims of sexual offenses. They were two to 16 years of age and seen in an 18-month period. Thirty had had medical or social problems. Four had previously been raped. Children under eight years old were more likely to know the assailant, to be victims of recurrent sexual or physical abuse, to report crimes without intercourse, and to present with an abused sibling (P less than 0.05). Incest victims were younger than other victims (P less than 0.05). Forty-three children had physical trauma. No pregnancies occurred, although diethylstilbestrol was not routinely used. Three girls had gonorrhea. Seventy-two patients were referred to hospital social services, and 41 to 17 other agencies. Victims and their siblings are at high risk of repeated abuse. Antibiotics and diethylstilbestrol are not routinely indicated. Follow-up may be best achieved by a central agency. PMID- 7350500 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 5-1980. PMID- 7350501 TI - Facing the problem of the sexually abused child. PMID- 7350502 TI - Pre-exercise stress tests. PMID- 7350504 TI - Medical ethics. PMID- 7350503 TI - Regulating abortion services. PMID- 7350505 TI - Medical ethics. PMID- 7350506 TI - Medical ethics. PMID- 7350507 TI - Medical ethics. PMID- 7350508 TI - Tempest in a tea cup: the lemon-tea controversy. PMID- 7350509 TI - Tempest in a tea cup: the lemon-tea controversy. PMID- 7350510 TI - Tempest in a tea cup: the lemon-tea controversy. PMID- 7350511 TI - Tempest in a tea cup: the lemon-tea controversy. PMID- 7350512 TI - Chiropractic: recognized but unproved. PMID- 7350514 TI - Chiropractic: recognized but unproved. PMID- 7350513 TI - Tempest in a tea cup: the lemon-tea controversy. PMID- 7350515 TI - Chiropractic: recognized but unproved. PMID- 7350516 TI - Chiropractic: recognized but unproved. PMID- 7350517 TI - Chiropractic: recognized but unproved. PMID- 7350518 TI - China opens new medical school. PMID- 7350519 TI - Anisotropy of Young's modulus of bone. AB - Bonfield and Grynpas have compared their experimental data for Young's modulus of elasticity versus the angle of orientation of the specimen to the long axis of bone with a theoretical curve predicted from a calculation for fibre reinforced materials proposed by Currey. As a result of the poor agreement between the two curves they conclude "... an alternative model is required to account for the dependence of Young's modulus on orientation" (ref. 1). Such an alternative has been under development in my laboratory for the past 8 years (refs 3--7). It is a two-level hierarchical fibre-reinforced composite model which appears to provide a much more suitable description of the behaviour of bone as a fibre-reinforced composite material. PMID- 7350520 TI - A new twist for DNA? PMID- 7350521 TI - Correlation between heart attacks and magnetic activity--a retraction. PMID- 7350522 TI - Sensitivity of human bone marrow cells to cyclosporin A. PMID- 7350523 TI - The great mouse festival. PMID- 7350524 TI - Why ppGpp? PMID- 7350525 TI - A UGA termination suppression tRNATrp active in rabbit reticulocytes. AB - A tRNATrp was purified from rabbit reticulocytes which suppresses the UGA termination codon of beta-haemoglobin mRNA. Evidence is presented that the beta haemoglobin readthrough protein is found in reticulocyte translations and intact cells. Some natural readthrough proteins perform essential functions; they are synthesised through suppression of UGA or UAG but not UAA termination codons. PMID- 7350526 TI - Cytoplasmic incompatibility in natural populations of a mosquito, Culex pipiens L. AB - When two strains of Culex pipiens (s.l.) of different geographical origin are cross-mated, the cross is frequently sterile in one or both directions. Such incompatibility is said to be cytoplasmic because the crossability of a strain is determined by its maternal lineage. The incompatibility is caused in some way by infection with a rickettsia-like bacterial symbiote, as removal of the symbiote abolishes the incompatibility. In compatibility has not been observed in crosses of American strains of C. pipiens. On the other hand, most workers in other parts of the world who have crossed C. pipiens strains have noticed incompatibility, although there are no reports of incompatible egg rafts being collected in the field. We now report incompatibility in crosses of sympatric American strains of C. pipiens and the collection of incompatible egg rafts in the field. PMID- 7350527 TI - Inability of the C3a anaphylatoxin to promote cellular lysis. AB - Investigation of the biological effects of the cleavage product, C3a, derived from the third component of complement has generally focused on the effects it exerts as an anaphylatoxin, that is, smooth muscle contraction and histamine release from mast cells and basophils. Therefore, reports that C3a exerts cytoxic effects on various cell types, and exhibits concentration-dependent specificity for malignant cells, excited great interest. The cytolytic activity mediated by macrophages which were activated in vitro may be attributed to their ability to generate C3a. The far-reaching implications of such a cytolytic role for C3a led us to pursue these observations further. We report here that we have been unable to duplicate the results reported by Ferluga et al. On the contrary, we find that C3a actually reduces spontaneous release of label below normal background levels. PMID- 7350528 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis in different phases of phagocytosis in lung macrophages. AB - Macrophages have a central role in bodily defence and inflammatory responses. Prostaglandins (PGs), mediators of inflammation, are secreted by macrophages during phagocytosis. PGE-like activity was first demonstrated in macrophage-rich peritoneal exudate cell preparations from guinea pigs; later, other kinds of PGs were also found to be released by mouse peritoneal macrophages in response to inflammatory stimuli. We have shown that rabbit alveolar macrophages also produce various PGs in response to phagocytic stimuli like zymosan and heat-killed bacteria; however, it was not known precisely which cellular event is associated with PG production. Traditionally, the phagocytic process is considered in three stages: (1) attachment of the particle to the cell membrane; (2) interiorisation (phagocytosis); and (3) fusion of the phagocytic vesicle with intracellular lysosomes (digestion). We show here that PG secretion in response to phagocytic stimuli by macrophages is independent of the first stage, but dependent on engulfment of the particle. Moreover, PG production does not appear to be associated with the process of engulfment per se, but with some event following internalisation. PMID- 7350529 TI - Respiratory oscillations in arterial carbon dioxide tension as a control signal in exercise. AB - We have monitored oscillations in arterial pH (of respiratory frequency) in normal man at rest and during exercise. The pH oscillations are known to reflect respiratory oscillations in arterial carbon dioxide tension generated at the lungs. We have found that the pH oscillations increase in their upslope and downslope during exercise. This means that oscillations in arterial carbon dioxide tension can be considered as a control signal. PMID- 7350530 TI - Spread of activation and desensitisation in rod outer segments. AB - Visual transduction in vertebrate photoreceptors is thought to involve a diffusible internal transmitter which links photon absorption in disk membranes to the conductance decrease in the plasma membrane of the outer segment. The desensitisation of the photoresponse which occurs during and after illumination may also involve a diffusible substance, because a photon absorbed in one disk can desensitise the cell's response to a subsequent photon absorbed in a different disk. Although both activation and desensitisation spread longitudinally from the site of photon absorption, neither spreads over the entire length of the outer segment. We report here experiments which indicate that, with dim illumination, both effects decline to be half-maximal in less than 8 micrometers from the site of light absorption. PMID- 7350531 TI - Removal of the synaptic target permits terminal sprouting of a mature intact axon. AB - When the central nervous system (CNS) develops, neurones send out axons to make contact with appropriate synaptic target cells and then stop growing. If its usual target is missing, an axon may continue to grow until it synapses with a suitable but inappropriate target. This suggests that contact with a synaptic target is important in stopping axonal growth during development. Many classes of neurone in the adult CNS retain a capacity to grow towards denervated targets, but it is not known whether the synaptic contacts established during development continue to regulate the growth of individual mature, intact axons. This has been a difficult problem to investigate; in vertebrates most studies necessarily involve large populations of neurones, and the most direct approach, removal of a synaptic target, usually damages many neurones, including the axons that are to be studied. We report here a demonstration of target cell influences on the growth of a single mature, intact axon in the CNS of the leech by selectively destroying the axon's synaptic target without injuring the axon itself. Target removal, which itself does not trigger sprouting of intact axons, permits the intact axon to grow at its tip in response to injury of other axonal branches of the same cell. PMID- 7350532 TI - Pirenzepine distinguishes between different subclasses of muscarinic receptors. AB - Some antagonists exhibit tissue selectivity in their pharmacological antagonism of muscarinic responses. However, the affinity constants for equilibrium binding of classical antagonists to muscarinic receptors in subcellular preparations have shown only small variations in different peripheral tissues and regions of the brain. The binding curves do not deviate significantly from the simple Langmuir isotherm, indicating apparent homogeneity of the receptor population in any given region. In contrast, heterogeneity has been detected by agonist binding studies but this may arise from different environmental or coupling restraints on the agonist-induced conformational change and cannot be taken as evidence for different receptor subtypes. We report here binding studies using a new anti muscarinic drug, pirenzepine, in which we found heterogeneity of binding that correlates well with the pharmacological activity. PMID- 7350533 TI - Selective conversion of beta-endorphin into peptides related to gamma- and alpha endorphin. AB - beta-Endorphin (beta-LPH61-91) is a well known endogenous opioid ligand. It and related peptides have recently been implicated in the control of adaptive behaviour. Smaller beta-endorphin fragments appeared to be more active moieties than the parent molecule in a number of behavioural situations. Their effects seemed to occur independently of interaction with opiate receptor sites in the brain. Moreover, elimination of the opiate-like properties of gamma-endorphin (beta-LPH61-77) by removing the N-terminal amino acid yielded des-tyrosine-gamma endorphin (beta-LPH62-77, dT gamma E) which had greater behavioural activity than gamma-endorphin. The CNS effects of dT gamma E resembled those of neuroleptic drugs in several test systems. alpha-Endorphin (beta-LPH61-76) exerted effects opposite to those of dT gamma E and in some aspects its activity was comparable to that of psychostimulant drugs. This opposition of effects suggests that a balance between gamma- and alpha-type endorphins is involved in the control of brain function. We report here that either gamma-endorphin and dT gamma E or alpha-endorphin and des-tyrosine-alpha-endorphin (beta-LPH62-76, DT alpha E) can be formed preferentially from beta-endorphin by enzymes associated with an enriched synaptosomal plasma membrane fraction from brain. It is suggested that these enzymes have a role in brain homeostatic mechanisms by regulating the generation of these substances. PMID- 7350535 TI - The ties that bind or benefit. PMID- 7350534 TI - How safe will biobusiness be? PMID- 7350536 TI - Small RNAs and splicing. PMID- 7350537 TI - Carcinogens and DNA. PMID- 7350538 TI - Patterns of ungulate reproduction. PMID- 7350539 TI - The non-linear spiral. PMID- 7350540 TI - Genetic variance of laboratory outbred Swiss mice. AB - The extent of allelic variation has been estimated at 46 structural gene loci within three major colonies of Swiss mice and between inbred derivative strains. The colonies have retained nearly the same amount and type of variation found in natural murine or human populations despite laboratory propagation for more than 50 years (175 generations). The population genetic structures of the Swiss mouse colonies were comparable to an island population in which random fixation, and not inbreeding or population bottlenecks, is apparently responsible for slight losses in genetic variance. PMID- 7350541 TI - Mapping of metabolites in whole animals by 31P NMR using surface coils. AB - The metabolic state of skeletal muscle and brain within intact rats is monitored using high resolution phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance. Regional disturbances in metabolism (for example, localised ischaemia) are easily observed, indicating the diagnostic possibilities of the method. Measurements are made using 'surface' radiofrequency coils, which we discuss in detail. PMID- 7350542 TI - Phototransduction in the fly compound eye exhibits temporal resonances and a pure time delay. AB - Photoreceptor cells in both vertebrates and invertebrates respond to a flash of light with a slow graded change in membrane potential, which is generally depolarising in invertebrates and hyperpolarising in vertebrates. Although some of the early photochemical and biochemical stages of the transduction process have been elucidated in both cases, these reactions are fast compared with the time course of the electrical response, which is typically hundreds of milliseconds long. To explain this slow response in the eye of Limulus, Fuortes and Hodgkin proposed a mechanism in which the light signal passes through a cascade of simple low pass filters. The model was later defined more specifically in terms of a chain of chemical reactions linked together through products and reactants, and has been used with small modifications and different numbers of stages to account for the behaviour of various vertebrate and invertebrate photoreceptors including the fly compound eye. I have now obtained evidence that phototransduction in the fly in small signal conditions involves underdamped resonance behaviour and a significant pure time delay, neither of which can be accounted for by the conventional cascade model. PMID- 7350543 TI - Ca2+ transmembrane fluxes and nerve growth factor action on a clonal cell line of rat phaeochromocytoma. PMID- 7350544 TI - Trans-complementable copy-number mutants of plasmid ColE1. AB - Plasmid ColE1, like many other small non-conjugative plasmids, is present in multiple copies (about 15 per chromsome equivalent) in Escherichia coli cells. Because of their high copy number, the replication of such plasmids has been described as 'relaxed', even though there is good evidence that it is strictly controlled: ColE1 derivatives have characteristic but different copy numbers and ColE1 copy-number mutants have been characterised. No plasmid-specified protein is essential for the replication of ColE1 and related plasmids, as extensive replication can occur in chloramphenicol-treated cells, in plasmid-free chloramphenicol-treated cells transfected with a hybrid ColE1/phage replicon and in vitro in extracts derived from plasmid-free cells. Nevertheless, it is possible that a plasmid-specified protein is involved in ColE1 replication control in viable cells. Here we show that deletion of a given non-essential region from ColE1-like plasmids results in a raised copy number. Such plasmids are stably maintained and have their copy number returned to normal when a complementing plasmid is present in the same cell, indicating that a plasmid specified diffusible gene product regulates the plasmid content of ColE1 containing cells. Deletion of the equivalent region from the cloning vector pBR322 gives a derivative which has a raised copy number and which has also lost its origin for conjugal transfer; unlike pBR322, it cannot be mobilised. PMID- 7350545 TI - Are snRNPs involved in splicing? PMID- 7350546 TI - Plasmid-mediated tissue invasiveness in Yersinia enterocolitica. AB - Plasmids have an important role in the pathogenicity of certain bacterial species, and Escherichia coli provides the most complete example of the relationship involved. Enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli, in addition to producing heat-stable and/or heat-labile enterotoxins, may also produce a haemolysin and fimbriate cell surface antigens which facilitate the adherence of the bacterial cell to the mucosa of the small bowel. Numerous studies have shown that these properties are plasmid-mediated and that the plasmids act in concert to confer on the host bacterium the ability to produce enteric disease in man and in animals. Moreover, studies with invasive strains of E. coli have shown that the Col V plasmid, which codes for the synthesis of colicin V, significantly enhances the pathogenicity of its host bacterium. Although the relationship between Col V plasmids and virulence is unclear, reports indicate that Col V containing strains of E. coli are better able to survive in the alimentary tract and that colicine V itself inhibits macrophage function. It is probable that bacterial virulence is a complex phenomenon involving both chromosomal and plasmid genes. We describe here a virulence plasmid which mediates tissue invasiveness in human pathogenic strains of Yersinia enterocolitica. PMID- 7350547 TI - Anaerobic coryneform bacteria as normal flora of rabbit skin and regression of Shope papillomas. AB - Adult domestic rabbits were found to harbor anaerobic coryneform bacteria and possess serum agglutinins against these bacteria. The isolates from rabbit skin were characterized by morphology, anaerobiosis, catalase test, and gas chromatographic analysis of volatile acid products. Preliminary findings on the effect of anaerobic coryneforms on the regression of Shope papillomas have suggested that the life of such bacteria as normal flora enhances the regression. PMID- 7350549 TI - Cellular localization of chemical carcinogens studied by fluorescence microscopy. AB - The presence of carcinogens in cell nuclei could be demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy after in vivo administration. This appears to be related to the carcinogenic activity of the compound studied. PMID- 7350548 TI - Secretory IgA content in human normal and tumoral bronchial mucosa in vitro. AB - Secretory IgA-S content was evaluated in vitro in human normal and tumoral bronchial mucosa from 39 cases. In 75% of the cases, IgA-S production by tumoral tissue was higher than the levels found in control populations. On the other hand, IgA-S synthesis by normal bronchial tissue of patients with lung tumors, particularly with squamous cell carcinoma, was increased in comparison with patients free of neoplastic bronchopulmonary disease, in 30% of the cases. Comparing tumorous tissue with normal mucosa from the contralateral bronchus of the same patient, marked differences in IgA-S patterns were observed. Regarding the results obtained, we could consider the measuring of IgA-S in bronchial mucosa as a valuable diagnostic aid in patients with suspect pulmonary masses. PMID- 7350550 TI - Comparative study of the cellular localization of three polycyclic hydrocarbons differing in their carcinogenicity. AB - Three polycyclic hydrocarbons: benzo(a)pyrene; dibenz(a,h)-anthracene and dibenz(a,c)anthracene, differing in their carcinogenicity, were administered to female rats. The comparative intracellular localization of these compounds was studied by fluorescence microscopy. The two carcinogenic molecules were localized both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of cells and in numerous organs. The noncarcinogenic compound dibenz(a,c)anthracene was undetectable. This work suggests that the differences in carcinogenicity may result in the possibility of the compounds to penetrate the nucleus of target cells. PMID- 7350551 TI - Kinetics of cell replication of the uterine cervix. II. Parabasal cell production in atypical epithelium. AB - The rate of cell division during a 6-hour period of time was determined in cervices from 31 mice, 16 having normal epithelium, 8 with atypical epithelium and 7 with invasive carcinoma. Cervical atypias and carcinoma were induced by local application of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and mitosis was arrested with vincrotal number of cells in all layers as well as the proportion of dividing cells in the parabasal layer were significantly greater in atypias and invasin cell production in that layer. PMID- 7350552 TI - Relationship between X chromosome activation, Barr body frequency and oestrogen receptor status in human breast cancer: a hypothesis. AB - Current evidence indicates an association between oestrogens, sex chromatin frequency and X chromosome activation in relation to the activity of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. We suggest that a similar association might apply to control the level of oestradiol receptors in breast tumours and present information supporting this hypothesis. PMID- 7350553 TI - Plasma prolactin levels in women at postmenopausal age with a family history of breast cancer or a prescription for antihypertensive Rauwolfia treatment. AB - An investigation was made of daytime plasma prolactin levels in three groups of women aged 50 to 64 years: (1) 139 women with a family history of breast cancer; (2) 50 women on Rauwolfia treatment for hypertension, and (3) 90 women of a control group. A significant difference in prolactin levels was found between groups 2 and 3 but not between 1 and 3. These findings are considered in relation to the results of a breast cancer screening programme in which the women took part. Here, it was the women with a family history of breast cancer who showed an increased breast cancer risk, whereas the risk in women on Rauwolfia was not significantly higher than expected on the basis of the experience among controls. It is concluded that the role of prolactin in the etiology of breast cancer is still not clear. PMID- 7350554 TI - Breast cancer years after hysterectomy and bilateral ovariectomy and increased androgenic activity. AB - 26 patients, in whom hysterectomy and bilateral ovariectomy had been performed for a gynecological indication several years before, were tested for urinary testosterone (by a gas chromatographic method) and interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) (by a hemagglutination-inhibition method). 12 patients did not develop any pathology of the breast 8.1 +/- 2.2 years after ovariectomy (control group), and 14 patients developed breast cancer 13.0 +/- 3.0 years after ovariectomy (breast cancer group). The average number of years following ovariectomy did not differ significantly between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the mean values of testosterone and of ICSH excretion between the patients of the control group and those of the breast cancer group, but a significant proportion (6 out of 14) of the breast cancer group patients had a much higher testosterone excretion than the highest level (8.4 microgram/24 h) in patients of the control group. This incidence (42.8%) tested by the chi square method was found to be significant (p less than 0.02). PMID- 7350555 TI - Risk factors in breast cancer: are they important, are they the same in pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer patients? AB - The information derived from the mammographic history questionnaires of 450 breast cancer patients was collated and separated, comparing 332 post-menopausal and 118 pre-menopausal breast cancer patients. Our observations confirm the importance of risk factors in the development of breast cancer and show the similarity in the incidence of certain risk factors among pre- and post menopausal breast cancer patients. PMID- 7350556 TI - Immunological responses to a murine mammary adenocarcinoma: cytolysis by armed monocyte and by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. AB - Serum from DBA/2J mice bearing a syngeneic T1699 mammary adenocarcinoma contains not only a specific antitumor antibody but also another factor(s) which arm normal monocytes in vitro and transform them into specific killer cells. Arming of normal monocytes by the factor(s) was inhibited by cytochalasin B and dactinomycin but not by mitomycin C. The ADCC activity of monocytes was at least partially resistant to the action of dactinomycin but cytotoxicity of armed effectors was totally blocked by the same drug. Effective cytolysis by armed monocytes required at least 5--6 h of continuous contact between the target and effector cells; and cytotoxicity could be reversed by cytochalasin B during this period. PMID- 7350557 TI - Creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes and the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. AB - Although CPK-MB determinations are useful adjuncts in diagnosing myocardial infarction (MI), the values are frequently elevated in circumstances other than infarction and almost certainly remain normal in some patients who have sustained myocardial necrosis. Elevations in patients with trauma, sustained tachyarrhythmias, and unstable angina can be particularly confusing. As there is still no adequate diagnostic standard for MI, in many cases the clinician can only make a judgment as to the probability of infarction. PMID- 7350558 TI - Clinical guidelines for exercise training. AB - Exercise training may be useful for a variety of patients with and without established cardiovascular disease. The degree to which a patient participates in a prescribed exercise program depends strongly on initial motivation. The primary care physician can provide appropriate reinforcement with careful explanation of the effects of exercise on cardiovascular and metabolic function. Exercise programs may be combined effectively with other life-style adjustments, including weight loss, blood pressure control, and discontinuation of smoking. As a single intervention factor, exercise cannot prevent the evolution of cardiovascular disease in multiple-risk patients. Exercise is best used in combination with a program of comprehensive cardiovascular risk factor modification. PMID- 7350559 TI - The clinical pictures of giant cell arteritis. Temporal arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, and fever of unknown origin. AB - In a prospective study, 68 hospitalized patients were diagnosed as having giant cell arteritis. Temporal artery biopsy was performed in all patients and showed histologic evidence of arteritis in 42 (62%). Twenty-six patients had a negative biopsy but met the clinical criteria for the diagnosis. Four different clinical pictures were recognized. Thirteen patients (19%) had symptoms of localized temporal arteritis without muscular discomfort. The polymyalgia rheumatica syndrome without signs of localized arteritis was seen in 33 patients (49%). Seventeen (25%) had symptoms of both polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis. Five patients (7%) had general symptoms only, such as fever, anorexia, and fatigue, without muscular or arteritic symptoms. PMID- 7350560 TI - Legionnaires' disease: an atypical pneumonia. AB - Given the present state of the art, any case of apparent pneumonia that is not responding to optimum therapy, or of "viremia" which appears to be progressively deteriorating, should be considered Legionnaires' disease and treated accordingly until proven otherwise. Titers for antibody to the disease in serum obtained during the acute and convalescent stages should always be determined in such cases. This may initially prove to be a rather wasteful and expensive procedure. However, only by carefully studying these titers can the elusive course of the disease be better delineated and techniques perfected that may allow earlier diagnosis and thus reduction in mortality. PMID- 7350562 TI - Review of areas: updated method of patient evaluation. AB - In this holistic approach to patient evaluation, not only physical findings but also the patient's emotions, interests, activities, and background are carefully considered. A detailed outline and sample form for history taking provide guidelines for eliciting pertinent information. PMID- 7350561 TI - Preoperative evaluation and perioperative management of patients with pulmonary disease. AB - Numerous studies in recent years have documented the increased risk of perioperative complications in patients with pulmonary disease. In assessing lung function before anesthesia and surgery, history and physical examination may be helpful but spirometry and blood gas determination are more accurate indicators of significant pulmonary disease. Risk apparently can be minimized by intensive chest therapy before and after surgery. Low-dose heparin therapy, in particular, is rec-mmended to prevent deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7350563 TI - The myeloid leukocytoses. AB - In this article, qualitative and quantitative aspects of the "benign" myeloid leukocytoses are discussed. Although leukemia has been excluded from the discussion, it is clear that the so-called benign myeloid leukocytoses may on occasion reflect malignant disease--notably of the solid tumor variety. Absolute counts, left shifts, and leukemoid reactions are reexamined and their diagnostic nuances analyzed. PMID- 7350564 TI - Genetic counseling. AB - The essential aspects of the genetic counseling process may be summarized in these terms: genetic counseling is all of those professional activities which help and sustain the counselee from the moment of ascertainment or referral, through the diagnostic workup, to the point when the clinical, prognostic, therapeutic, and genetic conclusions are put before the counselee and relatives in the most effective and supportive way possible and attempts are made to enlist the counselee's collaboration in examining consequences and options concerning therapy and reproductive choices and to support the counselee in efforts to obtain help in effecting those decisions. PMID- 7350565 TI - It can happen here. PMID- 7350566 TI - Drug interactions with oral anticoagulants. PMID- 7350567 TI - Mitral valve prolapse: etiology, diagnosis, and management. AB - Mitral valve prolapse is a common cardiac anomaly in which diagnosis is generally made by auscultation. In a typical case, a midsystolic click followed by a late systolic murmur is heard, although this pattern can vary. Selected pharmacologic agents (vasopressors and vasodilators) may be useful in diagnosis, and echocardiography can be helpful in cases without auscultatory signs. In the majority of cases, mitral valve prolapse is benign and no specific treatment is needed except reassurance and perhaps endocarditis prophylaxis. Patients with chest pain and symptomatic arrhythmias may benefit from propranolol, those with ventricular tachycardia should receive antiarrhythmic therapy, and those with abnormal resting ECGs or frequent ventricular premature beats should be further tested because of increased risk of sudden death or possibility of associated ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7350568 TI - Physical therapy management in the treatment of chronic pain. AB - Working within a multidisciplinary unit at the Pain Management Center for the treatment of a chronic pain syndrome is a very satisfying experience. The underlying theme in our approach is behavior modification. The program's objective is not to eliminate pain but rather to extinguish pain behavior by emphasizing learning to live and function despite pain. We have based our physical therapy program on the concepts of general body conditioning, self motivation and self-regulation, and patient education. These elements are implemented within the context of of behavior modification. We have found our program to be an effective alternative to the traditional treatment of chronic pain. PMID- 7350569 TI - Research writing tips. PMID- 7350571 TI - Three very short noses and how they were lengthened. AB - This is the story of three short noses with different etiologies, requiring a variation in radical treatment. The lengthening of one required support and flap cover; another, flap lining support, and flap cover; and the third, rearrangement of tissues already present with free skin grafts to lining and cover. They have all maintained their length and airway over the years. PMID- 7350570 TI - Palpebral redundancy from hypothyroidism. AB - A patient is described with disabling palpebral edema. Primary hypothyroidism had been previously diagnosed and treated. Testing of thyroid function revealed persistence of the hypothyroidism. Treatment with L-thyroxine produced normalization of the biochemical parameters and resolution of palpebral edema. The search for hypothyrodism in patients with palpebral redundancy is emphasized. PMID- 7350572 TI - Trapezius-musculocutaneous island flap in the repair of major head and neck cancer. PMID- 7350573 TI - Analysis of striae. AB - Striae proceed through stages quite similar to those in the evolution of scars. Most of the collagen bundles in the striae are highly stressed. Striae bear a striking resemblance to other human scar models in which newly synthesized connective tissue has been reorganized by tension. Unlike these other models, however, striae provide a readily available, easily obtained, plentiful source of tissue. We believe that striae can and should be used to further our understanding of the mechanical and biochemical factors responsible for the stress remodeling of connective tissue. PMID- 7350574 TI - Results of closed compression capsulotomy for treatment of contracted breast implant capsules. AB - A prospective study of 544 nonsurgical, closed compression capsulotomies performed on 243 patients for rupture of contracted breast capsule, with at least 1 year follow-up after the last closed capsulotomy procedure, is reported. Two thirds of the 243 patients maintained softness equal to an unoperated breast for a minimum period of 1 year after the last closed compression capsulotomy. The majority of the patients followed in this study developed breast capsular contracture in less than 12 months after augmentation mammaplasty. The time interval for recurrence of capsular contracture after this first closed capsulotomy correlated closely with the length of time for development of capsular contracture after augmentation mammaplasty. Closed compression capsulotomy will relieve most capsule contractures following augmentation mammaplasty; however, multiple closed capsulotomies may be required to maintain soft breasts, and the patient may require surgical capsulotomy. The procedure offers and alternative to additional surgery or accepting firm breasts and is performed with a minimum of morbidity and financial burden. PMID- 7350575 TI - The "donut" mastopexy: indications and complications. AB - A previously described technique of mastopexy is employed whereby a donut-shaped portion of periareolar skin is deepithelized. The radius of the skin to be removed is usually 2 to 3 cm and includes a portion of the areola. The resulting wound is closed, leaving only a periareolar scar. The primary motivation for such a mastopexy was (1) minimizing scar to the periareolar area, (2) complete preservation of nipple sensation, and (3) ease and short duration of surgery. It is often used to correct a protuberant nipple-areolar complex ("Snoopy" deformity). Follow-up on 13 patients who underwent the procedure for ptosis indicated that surgery is brief and easy to perform, and nipple sensation is preserved. However, ptosis may recur even in small breasts; the periareolar scar often becomes hypertrophic; the breasts assume a more globular shape; and areolar spreading occurs to some extent in most cases. In view of the potential problems with the donut mastopexy it is suggested that (1) the procedure be reserved for very small breasts or those with only a protuberant nipple-areolar complex, where there is little weight to hasten areolar stretching and recurrent ptosis, and (2) the new areolar should be made smaller than desired in anticipation of post operative stretching. PMID- 7350576 TI - Patient acceptance of intercostal block anesthesia. PMID- 7350577 TI - Resection of the prominent lateral fat pad during upper lid blepharoplasty. AB - The presence of a lateral fat pad beneath the orbicularis muscle, which overlies the lateral orbital rim, is described in patients who have marked bagginess of the upper lid and a bulky hood of tissue extending well beyond the lateral canthal region. This fat is separate from the fusiform central fat pad and lies superficial to the orbital septum. Resection of a strip of orbicularis muscle and the underlying lateral fat pad, in addition to the routine removal of central and medial fat pads, provides an enhanced appearance and complete correction of the lateral hood in such individuals. PMID- 7350578 TI - Free scalp flap. AB - A method for treatment of postburn alopecia using microsurgical transfer of a large free temporoparieto-occipital flap is described. The results of this operation were satisfactory for both the patient and the surgeon. PMID- 7350579 TI - The role of endogenous bacterial flora in skin flap survival. PMID- 7350580 TI - Improving flap survival by sustaining cell metabolism within ischemic cells: a study using rabbits. AB - Allopurinol, acting as a metabolic depressant, significantly increases flap survival in high doses, but not at doses that might be acceptable clinically. Prednisolone is highly effective in improving flap survival when the afferent blood supply is provided by small arteries such as are found in the panniculus carnosus of rabbits and in axial pattern flaps. I feel that the study should encourage plastic surgeons to experiment with drugs that sustain metabolism during ischemic periods, as a means of improving flap survival. In situations in which ischemia can be anticipated, its effects may be minimized by using such drugs before the insult. PMID- 7350581 TI - Trigger finger and thumb, secondary to amyloidosis. AB - We present a case in which infiltration of the flexor tendons and the fibrous sheaths of the digital flexors with amyloid caused triggering at both the entrance to the fibrous sheaths and at the decussation of the sublimis tendons. PMID- 7350582 TI - Presidential address: the roles and goals of the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. PMID- 7350583 TI - Intraneural hemangioma: report of a case. AB - A patient with an intraneural hemangioma of the superficial peroneal nerve underwent successful resection, without sacrifice of nerve function, with the aid of the operating microscope. PMID- 7350584 TI - Tendon ruptures of the hand associated with renal dialysis. PMID- 7350585 TI - A systematic learning program for microvascular technique. PMID- 7350586 TI - Successful reattachment of an almost totally avulsed ear. PMID- 7350587 TI - The role of cartilaginous nasal septum in midfacial growth. PMID- 7350588 TI - Metrizamide cisternography in pituitary and juxtapituitary lesions. AB - Seventy-five suprasellar metrizamide cisternograms were obtained, 25 in normal individuals who had had cervical myelography and 50 in patients with pituitary or juxtapituitary lesions. The technique accurately delineates a suprasellar extension of a small or moderate-sized pituitary lesion and usually shows its relationship to the optic chiasm. Large suprasellar masses, however, are not well visualized. 'Empty sellae' are readily demonstrated and have a high incidence in both normal individuals and those with pituitary tumors. This procedure can be supplemented by metrizamide CT cisternography and is simpler to perform and often better tolerated by patients than is pneumoencephalography. PMID- 7350589 TI - Needle aspiration of intramedullary and intradural extramedullary masses of the spinal canal. AB - Ten intramedullary and two intradural extramedullary masses of the spinal canal were evaluated with 16 separate needle aspirations. Cord fluctuance at air myelography and/or low density within the cord on computed tomography determined the level of aspiration. The condition of two patients with cystic neoplasms and one with syringohydromyelia improved after fluid removal. Endomyelography demonstrated the extent of eight intramedullary cavities. In syringohydromyelia, this information was used in determining the surgical approach. Aspiration and tissue biopsy enabled successful diagnosis of two cases of intradural extramedullary masses of unknown etiology. Needle aspiration yields valuable diagnostic information and is safe when proper guidelines are followed. PMID- 7350590 TI - Prospective comparison of epidural venography and iophendylate myelography in the diagnosis of herniated lumbar disks. AB - Fifty consecutive patients with suspected herniated nucleus pulposus at L4-5 or L5-S1 were evaluated prospectively with both epidural venography and iophendylate myelography. The two procedures were compared with respect to diagnostic accuracy, ease of performance, and complications. Evaluation of both the L4-5 and L5-S1 disk space levels was attempted in every patient, for a total of 100 levels. Surgical confirmation was obtained for 37 levels in 30 patients. While epidural venography is useful, myelography remains the procedure of choice. PMID- 7350591 TI - The usefulness of needle biopsy in chest lesions of different sizes and locations. AB - Needle biopsies were done on 125 chest lesions in 117 patients, for the purpose of evaluating the procedure in relation to size and location of the lesions. Fifty of these lesions were centrally located, and 75 were peripherally located. Sixty-four lesions, with diameters of 2 cm or less, were classified as "small," and 61 were classified as "large". In peripheral lesions diagnostic yield was higher, but accuracy was lower than it was in central lesions. Diagnostic yield was the same in small lesions as it was in large ones, although accuracy was higher in small lesions. The complication rate was lower in central lesions than it was in peripheral lesions; the rate did not differ between large and small lesions. PMID- 7350592 TI - Computed tomography and the occult tracheobronchial foreign body. AB - Four children with occlut tracheobronchial foreign bodies were examined by computed tomography (CT) in order to establish whether CT is superior to plain radiography and xeroradiography in visualizing foreign bodies, as in vitro data suggest. In three patients the foreign body was localized by CT. CT is not recommended as a routine in the diagnosis of tracheobronchial foreign bodies but can be of value in the more difficult cases. PMID- 7350593 TI - Quantitative assessment of the lumbar spinal canal by computed tomography. AB - An experimentally validated simple standardized method for making precise measurements of the spinal canal directly from the video display of a CT scanner is described. Using this method, normal values for anteroposterior diameter, interpediculate distance, and cross-sectional area of the lumbar spinal canal have been determined in a series of 60 adults. A careful study of canal configuration combined with the prudent use of the normal values should allow the CT diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis to be made with a high level of confidence. PMID- 7350594 TI - Computed tomography of the lumbar facet joints. AB - Lumbar facet joints are difficult to image with conventional radiographic techniques. A series of 100 consecutive cases of low back pain and sciatica was examined with CT. Abnormal facet joints were found in 65. Abnormalities demonstrated by CT included osteophyte formation, hypertrophy of articular processes, articular cartilage thinning, vacuum joint phenomenon, and calcification of the joint capsule. In patients with sciatic or low back pain, CT is indicated to demonstrate treatable abnormalities of the facet joints. PMID- 7350595 TI - Detection of low-contrast lesions in computed body tomography: an experimental study of simulated lesions. AB - Observer accuracy in the identification of low-contrast objects in computed tomography (CT) was studied. Thresholds were established for detection of lesions of various sizes and attenuation differences in CT images produced at different radiation doses. Noise reduction was important in identifying certain types of lesions. Detection was not accurate when the standard deviation of the mean of an organ exceeded the difference in the means of the lesion and the surround region. PMID- 7350596 TI - Limitations of the post-lymphangiogram plain abdominal radiograph as an indicator of recurrent lymphoma: comparison to computed tomography. AB - A comparison was made between post-lymphangiogram abdominal radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) scans in 18 lymphoma patients. When radiographs were obtained more than one year after the original lymphangiogram, only a small percentage of the patients had adequate contrast medium remaining in the lymph nodes for a definitive diagnosis. In three cases with apparently adequate residual contrast material, the radiograph did not provide accurate information on the presence or extent of recurrent lymphoma. The authors conclude that CT is the preferred method for the initial staging of patients with lymphoma, as well as for follow-up studies after one year. PMID- 7350597 TI - Pancreatic pseudocyst simulating dilated biliary duct system on computed tomography. AB - A case of pseudocyst simulating the biliary ductal system is reported. Several CT findings indicate that the biliary system was not involved: (a) no dilatation of the more proximal intrahepatic biliary radicles; (b) the gallbladder was not distended; (c) lucency extending to the left at the level of the pancreas; (d) a position more medial and anterior than anatomic for the distal common bile duct. PMID- 7350598 TI - Characterization of biological fluids by ultrasound and computed tomography. AB - Blood and blood products, and solutions of albumin and chondroitin sulfate of varying concentrations were imaged by ultrasound and computed tomography in a phantom having ultrasonic and CT characteristics of liver tissue. Measurements of CT number, ultrasonic absorption, and viscosity were obtained for selected fluids. All fluids, including concentrated solutions of albumin and chondroitin sulfate having high viscosity, were detectable as echofree regions on ultrasound scans. Acoustical enhancement distal to fluids was noted to decrease in prominence with increasing sound absorption in the fluid. On CT scans, fluids with CT numbers close to those of their surroundings were poorly detected. PMID- 7350599 TI - An unusual aberrant left subclavian artery. AB - In a child with tetraology of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, and right aortic arch, the left subclavian artery arose from an unusually low position, and was initially misinterpreted as a systemic pulmonary collateral. This anomaly probably resulted from a "lag" in embryological migration of the left subclavian artery onto the aortic arch. PMID- 7350600 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of intracranial pathology in infants: a new technique. AB - A prospective study had demonstrated the clinical usefulness of water-delay ultrasound as a means of routinely imaging the intracranial contents in infants younger than one year of age. Correlation between ultrasound and CT images was excellent, showing both normal and pathological anatomy. This technique is most helpful in the detection of hydrocephalus and other "fluid lesions" (subdural hygroma or hematoma, Dandy-Walker cyst, porencephalic cyst) and in evaluation of response to therapy. Because small amounts of intraventricular and subependymal hemorrhage cannot be detected by ultrasound, CT remains the procedure of choice when these conditions are suspected. The water-delay method is accurate and inexpensive, rarely requires patient sedation, and avoids exposure to ionizing radiations. PMID- 7350601 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis of infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava with azygos (hemiazygos) continuation. AB - Two patients with infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with azygos (hemiazygos) continuation were examined ultrasonographically and the findings compared to seven normal studies. Pathognomonic ultrasonographic features of this anomaly are easily demonstrated and include absence of the IVC at the level of the liver and independent drainage of the confluence of hepatic veins into the right atrium. Conventional venography can now be replaced by ultrasonic examination to establish this diagnosis. The embryology, anatomy and clinical implications of this entity are discussed. PMID- 7350602 TI - Ultrasonography of pancreatic lithiasis. AB - The ultrasonograms of 13 patients with pancreatic lithiasis associated with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis were reviewed and compared with the abdominal radiographs. Although plain radiographs were sufficient to establish the presence of pancreatic calcifications, in many cases ultrasound provided the additional information concerning duct dilatation and lithiasis in the main duct. The progressive formation of stones with extrusion into the duct of Wirsung was observed in one case. Ultrasound enabled assessment of pancreatic size and detection of focal enlargement or associated carcinoma. Ultrasound serves as a useful guide to appropriate clinical management in patients with this disease. PMID- 7350603 TI - Cystic arterial adventitial degeneration. AB - Cystic degeneration of the adventitia is a rare entity occurring most commonly in the popliteal artery: only a few cases involving the external iliac, femoral, radial, and ulnar arteries have been reported. The authors describe 2 cases, one of which appears to be the first report of the disease in the external iliac artery in a child. PMID- 7350604 TI - Ultrasonographic diagnosis of gangrenous cholecystitis and empyema of the gallbladder. AB - The ultrasonographic appearance of five cases of acute cholecystitis which progressed to either gangrenous necrosis or empyema of the gallbladder is presented with clinical, surgical and pathological correlation. A typical pattern consisted of diffuse, medium-to-coarse intraluminal echoes within the gallbladder which did not show layering or acoustical shadowing. Other findings, including thickening of the gallbladder wall and localized peritoneal fluid collections, are described. It is concluded that cholecystosonography can be of considerable value in the early diagnosis of these serious complications of acute cholecystitis. PMID- 7350605 TI - Clinical comparison of 99mTc-diethyl-IDA and 99mTc-PIPIDA for evaluation of the hepatobiliary system. AB - Fifteen patients with a wide range of hepatobiliary function were studied with both 99mTc-diethyl-IDA and 99mTc-PIPIDA. In images obtained 5 to 60 minutes after injection, 99mTc-diethyl-IDA was clearly superior with respect to liver/background, hepatic ducts/liver, and small bowel/background ratios. The 99mTc-diethyl-IDA transit time from blood to small intestine averaged 12.2 minutes less than that of 99mTc-PIPIDA. Quantification of relative hepatocyte extraction efficiency indicated that it was 2.15 times higher for 99mTc-diethyl IDA. Cumulative 3-hour urine collections following injection demonstrated increasing renal excretion of 99mTc-PIPIDA with rising total serum bilirubin levels in a manner quantitatively similar to that determined previously for 99mTc diethyl-IDA. The authors conclude that 99mTc-diethyl-IDA is superior to 99mTc PIPIDA for studies of the hepatobiliary system. PMID- 7350606 TI - Radionuclide detection of iatrogenic arteriovenous fistulas of the genitourinary system. AB - Radionuclide angiography is a valuable screening test for arteriovenous (AV) fistulas. Seven iatrogenic AV communications of the genitourinary system were initially diagnosed by radionuclide imaging, and untreated patients are being followed up by yearly nuclear examinations. Contrast arteriography is reserved for patients requiring interventional therapy and for symptomatic patients with a negative radionuclide study. PMID- 7350607 TI - Thyroid function following neck irradiation for malignant lymphoma. AB - Thyroid function tests for T3 resin (T3-r), serum thyroxine (T4) and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured in 70 consecutive patients who had previously undergone lymphangiography and neck irradiation for malignant lymphoma. All were in remission and clinically euthyroid. The abnormalities found were: 23 (33%) patients hypothyroid by TSH, 14 (20%) with subnormal T4, and 21 (30%) with subnormal T3-r values. None of the patients were biochemically hyperthyroid. The prevalence and magnitude of abnormalities were highest during the third year after irradiation, thereafter decreasing with time. PMID- 7350608 TI - Gated cardiac computed tomography with a motion phantom. AB - CT images of the heart are significantly degraded by the effects of motion during the scanning interval. The use of electrocardiographic (ECG) gating to provide "stop-action" cardiac images remains limited by artifacts. A motion phantom has been constructed to allow systematic study of the artifact structure of ECG-gated images and to isolate the origins of these artifacts. "Stop-action" reconstructed images are presented demonstrating two classes of artifacts: (a) pinwheel artifacts that appear at the edges of high-contrast moving objects; and (b) linear streaks occurring in relation to missing views when an incomplete angular set of projections is used for image reconstruction with the convolution back projection algorithm. These results underscore the use of the motion phantom for the analysis of image artifacts and stress the need for new CT reconstruction algorithms which are optmized for "stop-action" scanning. PMID- 7350609 TI - Rotating disk device for slit radiography of the chest. AB - A pair of rapidly rotating disks was assembled with multiple radial slits for obtaining chest radiographs in 1/60-1/20 sec., using automatic exposure timing, without visible images of individual slits. Substantial reduction of scattered radiation levels is achieved (one half to one fourth), especially in the retrocardiac and central mediastinal areas of the chest film. Full realization of the potential contrast improvement resulting from this degree of scatter reduction is impaired by the limited latitude of x-ray films used for radiography. These problems and potential solutions are discussed. PMID- 7350610 TI - Esophagitis caused by oral medication. AB - Three cases of esophagitis caused by oral medication are reported: 2 were the result of prolonged use of quinidine tablets (producing focal subacute inflammation mimicking carcinoma in one and stricture in the other) and one occurred soon after ingestion of liquid KCl. Previous reports have implicated KCl tablets ("slow KCl"), tetracycline and doxycycline capsules, and ferrous sulfate tablets. The factors predisposing to this uncommon complication of oral medication are discussed. In all reported cases caused by KCl tablets, left atrial enlargement was present as the result of mitral stenosis. PMID- 7350611 TI - Improved detectability of VX2 carcinoma in the rabbit liver with contrast enhancement in computed tomography. AB - Detection of liver metastases by CT scanning depends on both size and difference in attenuation between the metastasis and the surrounding liver parenchyma. VX2 carcinoma cells were injected into the liver parenchyma of rabbits which were subsequently scanned under suspended respiration before, during and after infusion of iothalamate ethyl ester, a particulate contrast agent. The results demonstrate the greater attenuation difference between tumor and parenchyma required for the detection of smaller lesions. Contrast enhancement was most beneficial in the detection of tumors having diameters less than the scan section width. PMID- 7350612 TI - Aortography with the long catheter needle. AB - The addition of side holes to the Teflon catheter used for translumbar aortography results in improved flow of contrast material and good visualization of the aorta and brachiocephalic vessels. Details of the technique and precautions for safe use are discussed. PMID- 7350613 TI - Reduction of catheter knots. AB - Techniques of catheter knot reduction are reviewed. A new method is presented which is useful for reducing tight knots that do not yield to other methods. PMID- 7350614 TI - Doppler monitoring of arterial punctures. AB - The authors describe a simple ultrasonic technique for monitoring arterial patency of the limb distal to the site of the arterial catheterization as well as the heart rate. The same system may be used to guide the puncture in obese patients and monitor patency of the artery while applying pressure with a clamp following catheter removal. This technique has been used in 800 patients over a three-year period with no untoward complications. PMID- 7350615 TI - Intra-arterial hepatic infusion via the axillary artery using the headhunter catheter. AB - Hepatic artery catheterization via the axillary artery was performed successfully in 96% of 50 consecutive cases using a headhunter catheter. Direct intra-arterial hepatic infusion affords maximal patient ambulation, decreases hospitalization time, and permits direct perfusion of primary and secondary liver tumors. Displacement of the catheter from the hepatic artery was the most frequent complication. PMID- 7350616 TI - Teflon-sheath placement in the biliary tree using high-torque J guide wires. AB - A high-torque J guide wire is recommended for the initial placement of Teflon sheaths in the biliary tree. The advantages of this guide wire include safety and maneuverability in both small and large dilated biliary radicles or portal veins. PMID- 7350617 TI - The "overturned lateral" view in arthrography of the knee. AB - A simple method of improving visualization of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus during fluoroscopic spot-filming in arthrography of the knee is described. Since it results in increased diagnostic accuracy at the most common site of occult pathology, the authors recommend that it be part of the routine examination. PMID- 7350618 TI - Stressing the knee joint for arthrography. AB - A restraining device for arthrography of the knee, made from an automobile safety belt, is described. Contrary to usual practice, the authors place the strap below the knee joint. There is less tendency for the knee to flex when compared with placement above the knee, resulting in improved demonstration ot the meniscus. PMID- 7350619 TI - Impact of a "fast" scanner on image quality in pediatric computed tomography. AB - One hundred children varying in age from newborn through four years were studied without sedation or anesthesia using a three-second CT scanner. Satisfactory scans were obtained in 99. The elimination of the hazards and morbidity of intramuscular sedation more than compensated for the extra effort required to scan these youngsters without any preparation. PMID- 7350620 TI - Computed tomographic evaluation of the dilated pancreatic duct: the value of thin section collimation. AB - Three patients with surgically proved pancreatic carcinoma and one with chronic and acute pancreatitis were evaluated by computed tomography. Scans through the pancreatic region were initially performed with standard 10-mm collimation and then repeated using thin-section (5-mm) collimation. In all cases a pathologically dilated pancreatic duct was either not seen or faint with 10-mm collimation, whereas it was clearly identified using the thin-section collimator. PMID- 7350621 TI - Direct sagittal computed tomographic scans in the radiographic evaluation of the pelvis. AB - The authors describe a method for obtaining direct sagittal and coronal computed tomographic (CT) scans of the pelvis using a special accessory table adapted for use in wide-aperture whole-body scanners. In these scans the spatial and density resolution are nearly equivalent to those in axial scans. A case is described in which sagittal scanning helped define a pelvic mass. PMID- 7350622 TI - Improving visualization of the anterior subarachnoid space during cervical gas myelography. AB - To improve definition of the spinal cord when it lies anteriorly, turning the patient from the lateral decubitus to the supine position and obtaining a horizontal-beam lateral radiograph of the cervical spine is recommended. Supine positioning permits improved visualization of the anterior subarachnoid space and evaluation of extradural lesions encroaching upon it, as well as abnormal fixation of the cord. PMID- 7350623 TI - A technique for rapid implantation of multiple iodine-125 seeds. AB - A simple and convenient technique for the permanent implantation of iodine-125 seeds is described, which utilizes an "anchor" to stabilize an absorbable suture containing the seeds. PMID- 7350624 TI - A television system for the teaching of radiologic diagnosis. AB - The authors describe a television system for use in teaching radiographic interpretation to a large class. The system consists only of a camera, receiver, and communications link, and it can be used equally well for transparent and opaque materials. With magnification, fine detail is clearly visualized. PMID- 7350625 TI - The desirable properties of computed tomography scanners. AB - The purchase of a CT scanner is a costly venture. Given the number of companies in the field and the tremendous financial involved, certain guidelines must be considered: (a) reputation and longevity of the firm; (b) merits of the machine; and (c) possibility of updating technologically. The authors discuss the most desirable properties of the scanners and list advanced features which manufacturers should be able to supply in the near future. PMID- 7350626 TI - Restructured data comparing screening approaches. PMID- 7350627 TI - Ultrasonic measurement of the fetal ventricular system. PMID- 7350628 TI - Placenta praevia and placental migration. PMID- 7350629 TI - Ultrasonic demonstration of the pancreatic duct. PMID- 7350630 TI - Gastric polyps on routine double-contrast examination of the stomach. AB - Gastric polyps were found in 38 patients in a series of 2,420 consecutive double contrast studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The resulting incidence of 1.6% is four times the highest figure previously reported. Single polyps were usually located in the antrum, multiple polyps in the body of fundus. Two-thirds were less than or equal to 10 mm in diameter; only one was larger than 20 mm. Endoscopy was performed in 17 cases and showed either normal or inflamed gastric mucosa with no evidence of neoplasia. It is likely that most gastric polyps are inflammatory or hyperplastic, while the biopsies showing normal mucosa may represent small submucosal tumors such as leiomyomas. This study demonstrates the high frequency and innocuous nature of small gastric polyps. PMID- 7350631 TI - The failed transhepatic cholangiogram. AB - A study of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiograms in 94 consecutive patients revealed that success is largely determined by the number of passes attempted. Two of 43 patients with dilated intrahepatic ducts had unsuccessful cholangiograms, but in these patients only two and three passes were attempted. In the remaining 41 patients fewer than seven passes were required. In patients with nondilated ducts, the success rate bears an almost linear relationship to the number of attempted passes beyond the fourth pass. Since patient tolerance often limits the number of passes, careful technique is important; one such technique is described. In the cholangiogram failures with nondilated ducts, subsequent liver biopsy had a high diagnostic yield. PMID- 7350632 TI - Injuries of the first costovertebral articulation. AB - The costovertebral articulations consist of two gliding type synovial joints, the costocentral and the costotransverse. When subjected to severe trauma, these joints may be subluxed or dislocated. The costotransverse joint is the more likely of the two to be injured. The first costotransverse joint is especially vulnerable because of its unique position at the top of the rib cage. Three cases are presented to show various injuries to this joint. PMID- 7350633 TI - The oblique view: an unnecessary component of the initial adult lumbar spine examination. AB - A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the diagnostic contribution of oblique views in 200 consecutive lumbar spine examinations done in adults. In four cases (two percent) there was a change in the radiographic interpretation when the oblique views were used for diagnosis. Considering the low diagnostic and therapeutic yield, as well as the gonadal radiation dose, the authors feel that the oblique view should not be a routine part of the initial lumbar spine examination in adults. PMID- 7350634 TI - Clinical and arthrographic findings in meniscal cysts. AB - Fifty meniscal cysts (36 lateral and 14 medial) were found in a review of 2,522 knee arthrograms. Thirty-eight cysts presented as a palpable bulge. In all cases characteristic horizontal tears extended into the periphery, with pooling of contrast material and club-shaped terminations. The differential diagnosis of a bulge around the knee joint is discussed. Arthrographic evaluation is valuable in determining appropriate treatment. PMID- 7350635 TI - Hemoperitoneum secondary to umbilical artery catheterization in the newborn. AB - A case of neonatal hemoperitoneum secondary to umbilical artery catheterization is presented. The only sign of arterial laceration was a rapid accumulation of intraperitoneal fluid following placement of the catheter. PMID- 7350636 TI - Ultrasonic renal volumetry in children: accuracy and simplicity of the method. AB - Renal length and volume were determined with B-mode ultrasonography and manual planimetry. The accuracy of the technique was prospectively evaluated in 11 children in whom concurrent sonograms and excretory urograms were obtained. Sonographic renal volume correlated better with urographic renal volume (r = 0.89) than did sonographic and urographic renal length (r = 0.78). The technique provides rapid, noninvasive measurement of renal length and volume, and can be used to follow renal growth patterns in children. PMID- 7350637 TI - Computed tomographic signs of the Chiari II malformation. Part I: Skull and dural partitions. AB - Luckenschadel, scalloping of the posterior surface of the petrous pyramids, falx hypoplasia, falx fenestration, and tentorial hypoplasia with wide incisura and tiny posterior fossa are readily identified by computed tomography (CT) in patients with Chiari II malformation. Enlargement of the foramen magnum may be appreciated on axial section CT in some cases. None of these findings is pathognomonic and each may be observed in some patients with other conditions. In the aggregate, however, these findings strongly suggest the presence of Chiari II malformation. PMID- 7350638 TI - Radiological aspects of inverted papilloma. AB - Of 115 proved cases of inverted papilloma, 81 were studied radiographically. The tumor was seen in both early and late stages. Many cases presented as recurrent tumor after multiple surgical procedures. A common radiologic presentation was a unilateral mass in the nasal fossa with opacification of the contiguous maxillary sinus in a moderately advanced tumor stage. However, other radiologic patterns were encountered and it was therefore impossible to categorize any of these findings as specific for inverted papilloma. PMID- 7350639 TI - Jefferson fracture: presentation of a new diagnostic sign. AB - A case of a Jefferson fracture is presented. A new diagnostic sign, which is viewed on a lateral radiograph and consists of interposition of the basion between the anterior arch of C-1 and the odontoid process, is described. This sign may aid in the rapid identification of Jefferson fractures. PMID- 7350640 TI - Computed tomography of brain stem gliomas in children. AB - In 24 CT studies in children with brain stem gliomas, the CT appearance was seen to vary with the tumor's physical characteristics. Infiltrative tumors produce diffuse enlargement of the brain stem; they are isodense with brain parenchyma or of decreased density and may show partial enhancement. Some gliomas grow focally as an expansile mass or as a large exophytic lesion. These have heterogeneous density and show prominent enhancement. Early diagnosis depends on appreciation of displacement of the fourth ventricle and compression and distortion of the cisterns. The use of diagnostic studies and surgical and therapeutic results in the 24 cases are compared to 45 such cases diagnosed prior to the use of CT. PMID- 7350641 TI - Calcification of the basal ganglia as visualized by computed tomography. AB - Physiological calcification of the globus pallidus was visualized by computed tomography in 32 patients. The frequency of visualization increased with increasing age. Patients under the age of 40 with calcification of the globus pallidus should be evaluated for disorders associated with pathological calcification of the basal ganglia. Patients of any age with calcification in the lenticular nucleus and elsewhere in the basal ganglia, dentate nucleus, or multiple areas of the cortex should also be evaluated for these disorders. PMID- 7350642 TI - Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin quantitation in stack-collected coal fly ash. AB - Gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry has been used to quantitate tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in fly ash collected from the stack of a typical commercial coal-fired power plant. No TCDD was detected in this fly ash, but minute traces may be present below the detection limit of 1.2 parts per trillion (by weight). This finding indicates that this type of fossil-fueled power plant is not a large source of this compound in environmental samples, in contrast to the conclusions presented in a recent industrial report. PMID- 7350643 TI - Placental beta-endorphin-like peptides. AB - Acid extract of human placental tissue contain, by both radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assay, beta-endrophin-like material. Half of this material will not go through a 5000-dalton filter and on Sephadex G-200 has a molecular size between 25,00 and 50,000 daltons. Of the material going through a 5000-dalton ultrafilter, 80 percent is excluded on Sephadex G-25 and held back, very slightly, on Bio-Rad P6, indicating a molecular size of approximately 4500 to 4800 daltons. Thus, placenta appears to have macromolecular precursors from which a beta-endorphin-like material is released, with a size approximately 12 amino acids longer than half of the pituitary hormone. PMID- 7350644 TI - Intraclonal variation in proliferative potential of human diploid fibroblasts: stochastic mechanism for cellular aging. AB - At several points during the growth of a clone of human embryonic lung fibroblasts in vitro, 100 to 200 cells were removed at random and the proliferative potential of each cell was determined. At each sample point, a wide variation in remaining population doubling ability was observed among the individual cells and the distributions of doubling potentials were distinctly bimodal. Furthermore, the two cells arising from a single mitosis differed in their ability to proliferate by as many as eight population doublings (256-fold in the number of cells produced). The results suggest that a stochastic process is responsible for determining the limited proliferative potential of human embryonic lung fibroblasts. PMID- 7350645 TI - Entry of opioid peptides into the central nervous system. AB - Cerebrovascular permeability of four modified opioid peptides--[D-Ala2]methionine enkephalin amide, beta-[D-Ala62,14C-Homoarg69]lipotropin 61 -69, alpha-[D Ala2,14C-Homoarg9]endorphin, and beta-[D-Ala2,14C-Homoarg]endorphin--ranged from 1.4 to 3.9 X 10(-6) centimeters per second in brain regions of the conscous rat. These significant permeabilities should allow the peptides to fill the extracellular brain space with a half time of 3 to 11 minutes, as a result of a step increase in plasma concentration of unbound peptide. PMID- 7350646 TI - Gene affecting superoxide dismutase activity linked to the histocompatibility complex in H-2 congenic mice. AB - The activity of cyanide-sensitive, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) was studied in liver sytosols from H-2 congenic strains of mice. Higher SOD activity was found in livers of mice having H-2b/A.BY, B10, and C3H.SW/haplotypes than in those of H-2a, H-2k and H-2d haplotypes. Segregation studies supported these correlations. In H-2 recombinant strains of mice, the genes influencing the liver SOD activity occur, as ascertained by mapping techniques, at or near the H-2d region of the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 7350647 TI - Phenacetin safety. PMID- 7350648 TI - Privacy, confidentiality, and the use of medical records in research. PMID- 7350649 TI - Flurry over venom. PMID- 7350650 TI - Project sleep. PMID- 7350651 TI - Newly made proteins zip through the cell. PMID- 7350652 TI - Dimethyl and monomethyl sulfate: presence in coal fly ash and airborne particulate matter. AB - Dimethyl sulfate and its hydrolysis product monomethyl sulfate have been found at concentrations as high as 830 parts per million in fly ash and in airborne particulate matter from coal combustion processes. This discovery poses a new environmental problem because of the mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of these compounds. PMID- 7350653 TI - A Palladium-palladium oxide miniature pH electrode. AB - A wire-form miniature palladium-palladium oxide electrode has been fabricated for pH measurement. The electrode exhibits a super-Nernstian behavior and gives a mean pH response of 71.4 millivolts per [pH] (standard deviation, 5.2 millivolts). Uncorrected zero current potential values can be used to determine the pH value of the medium to within 0.012 pH. The electrode should find applications in biological, medical, and clinical studies. PMID- 7350654 TI - Retesting the commitment theory of cellular aging. AB - The commitment theory of human fibroblast aging predicts that 55 percent of cells will be nondividing at the middle to late stages of the replicative lifespan; in the present study, however, fewer than 10 percent were nondividing. The fact that no immortal diploid cells have yet been reported is also at odds with the theory. Available data on the variable life-span of clones and mass cultures, the dependence of longevity on population size, and the predominance of certain cell types at termination of a culture are compatible with simpler theories, which support the idea that the limited replicative life-span of diploid fibroblasts is a valid model for organismic aging. PMID- 7350655 TI - Doridosine: a new hypotensive N-methylpurine riboside from the nudibranch Anisodoris nobilis. AB - A new N-methylpurine riboside (doridosine), probably N1-Methylisoguanosine, was isolated from the digestive glands of a nudibranch. Doridosine produces prolonged hypotension and bradycardia in anesthetized rats, decreases the rate and the amplitude of contraction of guinea pig atria in vitro, and causes the heart rate in anesthetized mice to be reduced by 50 percent for many hours after which the animals recover completely. PMID- 7350656 TI - Pentobarbital: stereospecific actions of (+) and (-) isomers revealed on cultured mammalian neurons. AB - Stereoisomers of the barbiturate anesthetic pentobarbital were applied to mouse spinal neurons growing in tissue culture. Intracellular recordings of neuronal membrane properties revealed that the (+) and (-) isomers caused direct changes in membrane potential and conductance on some but not all of the cells tested. The action of the (+) isomer was predominantly excitatory, whereas the (-) isomer produced predominantly inhibitory responses. The (-) isomer was considerably more effective in potentiating inhibitory responses to the transmitter gamma aminobutyric acid. The results show that pentobarbital has multiple effects on neuronal excitability and demonstrate the presence of stereospecific sites of barbiturate action on central neurons. PMID- 7350657 TI - Reading senseless sentences: brain potentials reflect semantic incongruity. AB - In a sentence reading task, words that occurred out of context were associated with specific types of event-related brain potentials. Words that were physically aberrant (larger than normal) elecited a late positive series of potentials, whereas semantically inappropriate words elicited a late negative wave (N400). The N400 wave may be an electrophysiological sign of the "reprocessing" of semantically anomalous information. PMID- 7350658 TI - Prenatal exposure to diazepam alters behavioral development in rats. AB - Characteristic potentiation of rat locomotion responses and acoustic startle reflexes that normally appear in the third postnatal week was absent in rats exposed to diazepam during the third week of gestation. Loss of these behaviors suggests a long-term effect that may result from changes in cellular development. Tissue undergoing neuronal differentation may be especially sensitive to drugs that act on the central nervous system, and the period in which differentiation occurs is perhaps critical for the induction of changes that are later expressed as altered behavior. PMID- 7350659 TI - Diet and cancer. PMID- 7350660 TI - Vesicle targeting: timed release and specificity for leukocytes in mice by subcutaneous injection. AB - When unilamellar vesicles were administered subcutaneously in mice, the half-time for the destruction of the vesicles varied from 12 to 600 hours, depending on their composition. The vesicles tested consisted of distearoyl phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and certain sugar and amino-sugar derivatives of cholesterol. Vesicle with amino-sugar derivatives showed the greatest longevity and became localized with high specificity in aggregates of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. A substantial delay between the time that the vesicles broke open and the time that labels contained in the vesicles were excreted suggests that the vesicles undergo endocytosis before destruction. PMID- 7350661 TI - Asbestos-induced epithelial changes in organ cultures of hamster trachea: inhibition by retinyl methyl ether. AB - The epithelium of the hamster trachea in organ culture undergoes hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia after exposure to the amphibole types of asbestos, crocidolite and amosite. These changes are inhibited when the synthetic vitamin A analog, retinyl methyl ether, is incorporated into the culture medium. These findings suggest a possible use for retinoids in the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract disease associated with environmental exposure to asbestos. PMID- 7350663 TI - Toward a functional architecture of the retina: serial reconstruction of adjacent ganglion cells. AB - Twenty adjacent ganglion cells in cat retina were partially reconstructed from electron micrographs of serial thin sections. Cells were classified by size and by dendritic branching patterns as alpha, beta, or gamma cells. The alpha and beta cells were further subdivided by differences in the laminar distribution of their dendrites in the inner plexiform layer. The distribution of synaptic contacts on the cells was distinctive for each of the five major classes. Contacts on the alpha and beta cells were mainly on the dendrites in the sublamina in which a cell's major dendritic arborization was contained. PMID- 7350662 TI - Retina-dependent activation by apomorphine of metabolic activity in the superficial layer of the superior colliculus. AB - Studies of the effect of the dopamine agonist apomorphine on local cerebral glucose utilization by means of the carbon-14-labeled deoxyglucose method demonstrate a dose-dependent metabolic activation in the superficial layer of the superior colliculus in the rat. Apomorphine stimulated glucose utilization in a number of other cerebral structures, but only the effect in the superficial layer of the superior colliculus depended on an intact retinal input. This effect was present with the animal in the light or in the dark, but was abolished by enucleation, which left the effects in other cerebral structures unimpaired. Activation of the superificial layer of the superior colliculus appears, therefore, to be secondary to an action of apomorphine on dopaminergic systems within the retina. PMID- 7350664 TI - Reduction of the isoproterenol-induced alterations in cardiac adenine nucleotides and morphology by ribose. AB - Continuous intravenous infusion of ribose (200 milligrams per kilogram per hour) for 24 hours induced a marked stimulation of cardiac adenine nucleotide biosynthesis in unanesthetized and unrestrained rats that had been treated with isoproterenol subcutaneously (25 milligrams per kilogram). The diminution of adenine nucleotides characteristic for the action of high doses of isoproterenol was entirely prevented, and the incidence of the isoproterenol-induced myocardial cell damage was significantly reduced when ribose was administered. These results support the view that depletion of adenine nucleotides is involved in the development of cardiac necrosis. PMID- 7350665 TI - Origin of chi46,XX/46,XY chimerism in a human true hermaphrodite. AB - Using chromosome heteromorphisms and blood cell types as genetic markers, we demonstrated chimerism in a chi46,XX/46,XY true hermaphrodite. The pattern of inheritance of the chromosome heteromorphisms indicates that this individual was probably conceived by the fertilization, by two different spermatozoa, of an ovum and the second meiotic division polar body derived from the ovum and subsequent fusion of the two zygotes. This conclusion is based on the identification of the same maternal chromosomes 13, 16, and 21 in both the 46,XX and 46,XY cells of the patient. In the two cell lines of the chimera, chromosomal markers showed different paternal No. 9 chromosomes and sex chromosomes, as well as the same paternal chromosome 22. PMID- 7350666 TI - Stereopsis in human infants. AB - Stereoscopic depth perception was tested in human infants by a new method based on attracting the infant's attention through movement of a stereoscopic contour formed from a dynamic random-element stereogram. The results reveal that stereopsis emerges at 3 1/2 to 6 months of age, an outcome consistent with evidence for rapid postnatal development of the visual system. PMID- 7350667 TI - Schizophrenia: elevated cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine. AB - Concentrations of norepinephrine in cerebrospinal fluid are higher in schizophrenic patients, particularly in those with paranoid features, than in normal volunteer subjects of the same age. This observation supports recent reports of elevated concentrations of norepinephrine in specific brain areas adjacent to the cerebral ventricles of paranoid schizophrenic patients. Overflow of the amine from periventricular regions into the cerebrospinal fluid may reflect abnormally high release or diminished enzymatic destruction of norepinephrine in patients with schizophrenia. PMID- 7350668 TI - Generic prescriptions. PMID- 7350669 TI - Near-infrared microscopy. PMID- 7350670 TI - Research, innovation, and university-industry linkages. AB - Carter Administration actions to enhance basic research and stimulate industrial innovation have focused attention on the importance of formal university-industry cooperative relationships in science and engineering. We have examined the status of, and potential for, university-industry research consortia and research partnerships and the current and prospective roles of the federal government in stimulating such relationships. PMID- 7350671 TI - Genes in pieces. PMID- 7350672 TI - Ozone depletion would have dire effects. PMID- 7350673 TI - Posttraumatic acalculous cholecystitis. AB - Acalculous cholecystitis occurred in six patients after trauma and burns. The majority developed signs and symptoms similar to acute calculous cholecystitis. All were treated by cholecystectomy after traditional conservative treatment failed. All had either gangrenous changes or focal necrosis of the gallbladder. Postoperative recovery was uniform. Acalculous cholecystitis occurs in 0.5% of large series of injured or burned patients. Delayed recognition led to a high mortality, reported as 24% overall with 10% related to gallbladder disease. Although cholecystostomy has been advocated, it appears that cholecystectomy, when feasible, affords the best overall results. PMID- 7350674 TI - Tumors of gastric smooth muscle. PMID- 7350676 TI - Audiometric and radiologic findings in acoustic tumor. AB - We surveyed 13 proven cases of neuro-otologic tumors to determine the value of audiometric and radiologic studies. Angle myelography was positive in 100% of cases tested. CT scan with intravenous enhancement was positive in 91% of cases tested. Stapedial reflex decay or tone decay was positive in 100% of cases tested. A practical management plan is suggested for follow-up of patients with vertigo, unilateral tinnitus, and hearing loss. PMID- 7350675 TI - Esophageal carcinoma: a survey of populations at risk. AB - Carcinoma of the esophagus is found more commonly in association with head and neck tumors, lye stricture, achalasia, and Barrett esophagus than in the general population. Our experience with these associated entities in a population of 680 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus is reviewed. Carcinoma of the esophagus has traditionally had a very poor prognosis which continues to the present. Routine periodic use of double contrast esophagography is advocated to screen populations containing these associated high-risk entities. This may ultimately increase survival through diagnosis of earlier stages of carcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 7350677 TI - Recent advances in pediatric otology. AB - An overview of the clinical applications of electroencephalic response audiometry, electrocochleography, and hypocycloidal polytomography are presented. Biocompatible ossicular implants provide a new and superior method of ossicular chain reconstruction. A case in which all of these newer modalities of diagnosis and treatment were used is presented. PMID- 7350678 TI - Diagnosing deep vein thrombosis by Doppler ultrasound and impedance plethysmography. AB - To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasound (DU) and impedance plethysmography (IPG) in deep vein thrombosis (DVT), hospital records of 904 patients having 1,084 studies of blood flow in the lower extremities were retrospectively reviewed, and 544 were found abnormal. In 128, both DU and IPG showed abnormalities, 86 had only DU evidence of abnormalities, and 330 had only IPG abnormalities. Fifty-one patients with abnormal results of both DU and IPG studies had ascending phlebography, which in 47 documented the presence of DVT, for a diagnostic accuracy of 92%. On the basis of DU/IPG testing, or extenuating clinical circumstances, 135 patients considered at high risk for pulmonary emboli had ventilation-perfusion lung scans. Of these, 44 had roentgenographic evidence of pulmonary emboli. While ascending phlebography remains the definitive study for documenting the presence of DVT, DU/IPG testing has a high accuracy rate, is noninvasive, readily reproducible, inexpensive, and simple to perform. When results of DU/IPG studies are abnormal a baseline ventilation lung scan should be done which, if questionable, should be followed by pulmonary arteriography. PMID- 7350679 TI - Unstable ankle fractures: comparison of closed versus open treatment. AB - To determine what factors were important in final clinical results, we evaluated 145 patients admitted to Vanderbilt University Hospital with ankle fractures between January 1971 and December 1976. There was a strong correlation between anatomic results of reduction and final clinical results. Talar displacement of more than 5 mm before reduction, a posterior malleolus fracture involving more than 25% of the articular surface, an anterior tibial plafond fracture involving more than 25% of the articular surface, and talus fractures involving the articular surface were four variables which significantly affected results. Open reduction, torn deltoid ligaments, open fractures, type of fracture, type of internal fixation devices used, sex, and age did not signficantly affect results. Other injuries in association with ankle fractures, especially after automobile accidents, frequently prolonged hospitalization. PMID- 7350680 TI - Posterior approach for total hip arthroplasty. AB - Experience with the posterolateral approach to total hip replacement arthroplasty in 229 patients is reported. The technic has the advantages of providing excellent exposure and decreased operative time, minimal blood loss, and absence of the complications associated with removal and replacement of the greater trochanter. Capsulectomy may be done or not, as desired. Classification of results was based on absence of pain and increased range of motion. Of the 229 patients, 95% were classified as having a good to excellent result; 2%, a fair result; and 3%, a poor result. There was no statistically significant correlation between the postoperative formation of ectopic bone and whether or not capsulectomy was done. PMID- 7350681 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism: surgical update. PMID- 7350682 TI - Primary Pseudomonas pneumonia. AB - We have described a patient who had primary Pseudomonas pneumonia, without evidence of an underlying disease state. Although uncommon, Pseudomonas pneumonia may occur in a normal host and should be treated, if the diagnosis is confirmed by appropriate Gram stain and culture of sputum. PMID- 7350684 TI - Congenital retinal arterial loops with spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage. AB - A young adult demonstrated a spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage in an eye which harbored two retinal arterial loops, with bleeding originating in the area of the larger loop. These congenital vascular anomalies characteristically originate on the optic disk and terminate by anastomosing with or forming a retinal vessel. Although uncommon, congenital retinal arterial loops can no longer be thought innocuous and must be considered when decreased visual acuity occurs. PMID- 7350683 TI - Coexisting central serous choroidopathy and retinitis pigmentosa. AB - A 30-year-old woman with funduscopic and electrophysiologic findings of retinitis pigmentosa had in addition several asymptomatic serous detachments of the retinal pigment epithelium. She later had a typical serous detachment of the sensory retina which was recurrent, and finally required argon laser therapy. PMID- 7350685 TI - Carotid artery and thyroid gland. PMID- 7350686 TI - Esophageal perforation secondary to benign leiomyoma. PMID- 7350687 TI - Familial renal cystic dysplasia associated with maternal diabetes mellitus. AB - Two of eight children born to unrelated parents were found to have cystic renal dysplasia, but no other malformations. A third sibling was presumed to have similar renal disease based upon typical clinical and radiographic findings. In addition to possible genetic causes, maternal diabetes mellitus is suggested as a potential etiologic factor. PMID- 7350688 TI - Group C streptococcal endocarditis. PMID- 7350689 TI - Postpartum dissecting aneurysm of coronary arteries in a patient with sarcoidosis. AB - We have described a case of sudden death in a 27-year-old woman, 16 days postpartum, resulting from a dissecting aneurysm of the right and left coronary arteries. The patient also had multiorgan sarcoidosis. Postpartum coronary artery dissecting aneurysm appears to be caused by weakening of the media, resulting from the loosening of the ground substance during pregnancy and the hemodynamic changes occurring during and after delivery. PMID- 7350690 TI - Hypopituitarism in diabetes mellitus. AB - A woman with stable diabetes presented with hypoglycemia and decreased insulin requirement. Further history suggested decreasing pituitary function. Laboratory tests confirmed pituitary deficiencies, associated with her increased insulin sensitivity. It may be helpful to be aware of this syndrome when dealing with diabetic patients who show decreasing insulin requirements. PMID- 7350691 TI - Reproductive failure and cervical incompetence in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol. AB - Exposure to diethylstilbestrol in utero is recognized to be associated with a wide range of developmental abnormalities in the female genital tract, the most prominent being adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Recently anatomic anomalies have been discovered with increasing frequency. This case illustrates the association of exposure to diethylstilbestrol, cervical incompetence, and poor reproductive history, and stresses the importance of early evaluation. PMID- 7350692 TI - Practical value of phlebography. AB - Phlebography is a useful examination if a standardized technic is carefully used, and it can be relied upon to diagnose acute thrombophlebitis definitively or to rule it out. The 200 consecutive phlebograms reviewed produced no mortality or pulmonary embolism, and only minimal morbidity. Phlebograms are also useful in mapping before varicose vein surgery and in distinguishing the leg swelling of the postphlebitic state from that of lymphedema. PMID- 7350693 TI - One or two minutes more. PMID- 7350694 TI - Sinistrality. PMID- 7350695 TI - Total colectomy and endorectal ileal pull-through with internal ileal reservoir for ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7350696 TI - A comparison of three blood tests for cancer. AB - Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen concentration, serum phosphohexose isomerase activity and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were determined in patients with cancer, patients being treated for various benign conditions and healthy young persons. This was to make an intercomparison between the ability of these assays to distinguish patients who have cancer from those who do not and from normal persons. The upper boundaries of the assays were defined by the one-sided, distribution-free, upper tolerance limits of the reference populations. Only by means of the assay for carcinoembryonic antigen was it possible to distinguish patients who had cancer from those who did not. Twenty-two per cent of patients with cancer could be identified by this assay with a false-positive error rate of less than 5 per cent. PMID- 7350697 TI - The effect of hemorrhagic shock on potassium transport in skeletal muscle. AB - The ion exchanger potassium microelectrode was used to assess the potassium concentration in the interstitial fluid of skeletal muscle in the control and shock states. Concomitant resting membrane potential measurements and the analysis of fluid and electrolyte content of biopsies of the muscle were used to detect defects in cellular function. The changes occurring in hemorrhagic shock were consistent with a depression of resting transmembrane potential, depletion of extracellular fluid and cellular swelling with sodium uptake and potassium loss. The disproportional increase of interstitial potassium concentration over that of the plasma in low flow states appeared to be a result of inhibited sodium potassium transport in cell membranes, concomitant with an equilibration delay between these two extracellular compartments. The significant increase in potassium concentration in the interstitium may have potentiated other changes in cardiovascular and respiratory functions which have been observed in the complex picture of hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 7350698 TI - Doppler testing in peripheral vascular occlusive disease. AB - One hundred and twenty-five patients received both lower limb arterial Doppler ultrasonics examinations and arteriographic tests. From the 250 limbs, 963 segments--iliofemoral, femoral, popliteal and popliteal trifurcation--were measured. Arteriography confirmed 649 of the 673 normal ultrasound results, while of the 290 abnormal ultrasound tests, 261 were documented by arteriography. Combining all segments, 910 were accurately defined by the Doppler ultrasonic technique for a reliability factor of 95 per cent. This simple, inexpensive, noninvasive technique was judged to be highly reliable in detecting and assessing occlusive lesions of the peripheral arterial system, making it a valuable adjunct to the evaluative procedure for patients with peripheral vascular occlusive disease. PMID- 7350699 TI - Biologic behavior and treatment of intransit metastasis of melanoma. AB - The therapeutic approach to intransit metastasis of melanoma has been surveyed in 52 patients admitted to this institute during the past ten years with a clinical history of intransit lesions of melanoma. Ten of these patients have been long term survivors. Two additional patients died at 23 and 28 months, respectively, after surgical removal of the lesions, and at autopsy, no evidence of recurrence was noted. All long term survivors belong to the group of 35 patients that received intensive local management, while all 17 patients given systemic chemotherapy or immunotherapy only died from progression of the disease. Every trial of system chemotherapy or system immunotherapy, aiming to control these lesions of intransit metastasis, failed. Systemic chemotherapy or systemic immunotherapy should not be used alone in the treatment of intransit metastasis. Such regional modalities as hyperthermic perfusion, local immunotherapy or excisions of wide strips of skin, subcutaneous fat and fascia around these lesions, in addition to systemic treatment, should be utilized persistently. PMID- 7350700 TI - Immediate prognosis and five year survival after arterial embolectomy following myocardial infarction. AB - One hundred and twenty-two patients with 135 arterial emboli, 31 of whom had had a recent myocardial infarction, were seen during a 12 year period. Six patients died after embolectomy, resulting in a 19 per cent in-hospital mortality, and in five patients, amputation was required. The median time from infarction to embolization was 14 days. Length of follow-up period after operation ranged from four to 73 months, with a mean of 36 months. Life table analysis of patients alive 30 days after operation revealed a cumulative five year survival rate of only 26 per cent, recurrent myocardial infarction being responsible for 60 per cent of the deaths. This is in contrast with an approximate 60 to 70 per cent five year survival rate reported in the literature for patients having an infarction only. Although the immediate mortality was greater than that for patients with arterial emboli without infarction, an aggressive approach directed toward limb salvage is urged in these patients, as manifested by the 84 per cent salvage rate in this series. PMID- 7350701 TI - The two stage provocative test for pancreatic disease by serum enzyme measurements. AB - The pancreas can be studied for obstructive disease by measuring serum lipase levels in the two stage provocative test. The test is nonspecific but noninvasive and applicable to all stages of pancreatic diseases. In this test, the pancreas is stimulated twice in two hour intervals before measuring the serum enzyme levels: first, with pancreozyin and secretin--the stage 1 test and, second, with pancreozymin, secretin, betazole hydrochloride and morphine sulfate--the stage 2 test. Among the pancreatic enzymes measured, lipase was most reliable. Serum lipase level elevation in the stage 1 test indicates a pancreatic abnormality and it completes the test. Patients who fail to respond to the stage 1 test have either a normal pancreas or pancreatic insufficiency and need the stage 2 test for differential diagnosis. In the stage 2 test, the serum lipase level is elevated in patients with a normal pancreas but not in those with pancreatic insufficiency. As a preliminary study, ten patients with carcinoma of the pancreas, two with pancreatitis and ten in the control group were studied. All patients with a known pancreatic disease demonstrated an abnormality in the test. Two of ten in the control group also had abnormal results. The two stage provocative test may be used prior to undertaking more invasive examinations, such as an arteriogram, in patients who are suspected of having pancreatic disease, yet other tests have failed to indicate it. PMID- 7350702 TI - Continuous heparin anticoagulation in patients with arteriosclerosis and arterial emboli. AB - Management of arterial emboli occurring in patients having generalized arteriosclerosis presents a therapeutic challenge to the vascular surgeon. Adequate cardiac function must be vigorously supported. Perioperative metabolic alterations must be recognized and corrected. Continuous anticoagulation with heparin sodium appears indicated among such patients with coexisting peripheral arterial occlusive disease, stasis, poor collateral flow and areas of intimal damage secondary to operative trauma. Rarity of wound complications, less than 5 per cent, may be attributed to meticulous operative technique and use of continuous infusion method for the administration of heparin. Improved patient survival and limb salvage rates may be attributed, in part, to continuing heparin therapy in the postoperative period and appears justified among those with arteriosclerosis. PMID- 7350703 TI - Repair of vesicovaginal fistula by a suprapubic transvesical approach. AB - Thirty-four vesicovaginal fistulas of various causes were repaired using a suprapubic, transvesical approach modified after the original technique of O'Connor. Only four failures resulted. Two of the failures were attributed to residual or recurrent carcinoma and two to poor tissue healing resulting from an inadequate delay between the initial surgical procedure and an attempt at reconstructive surgery. Surgical complications included three wound infections and one instance of severe gastrointestinal bleeding. Technical considerations thought to be important include excision of all diseased tissue in the bladder and vagina; complete separation of the bladder from the vagina with a margin of healthy tissue in all directions; careful, watertight closure of both bladder and vagina without tension; interposition of peritoneum or omentum between the closed bladder and vagina, and initial postoperative maintenance of an uninfected and dry suture line. PMID- 7350704 TI - Gastrin and gastric acid secretion in hepaticojejunostomy Roux-en-Y. AB - Reports on increased duodenal ulceration after bile diversion prompted the present investigation of gastric acid secretion and gastrin in 16 patients with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy and 11 patients with a choledochoduodenostomy. Basal and pentagastrin stimulated acid output, gastrin in serum and gastrin in the antral mucosa were all significantly elevated in patients with a Roux-en-Y compared with those patients having a choledochoduodenostomy. In patients with a Roux-en-Y, bile bypassed the duodenum and the most proximal part of the jejunum; it is hypothesized that the bypass of bile may induce gastric acid hypersecretion secondary to an altered biosynthesis and release of gastrin. PMID- 7350705 TI - Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography in the evaluation of trauma to the pancreas. AB - Pancreatic injury is an unusual but serious complication of abdominal trauma. A high index of suspicion is required, as results of routine laboratory tests and physical examination can be misleading. Complications following injury to the body and tail may be particularly indolent in their presentation. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography allows accurate localization of the site of pancreatic duct disruption and facilitates appropriate surgical management. PMID- 7350706 TI - Circulatory control of splenic hyperfunction in children with peripheral blood dyscrasia. AB - Ligation of the splenic artery was performed upon six children with a variety of peripheral cytopenias associated with hypersplenism to decrease splenic hyperfunction while preserving some splenic tissue. While this procedure initially improved the peripheral blood values in five patients--two patients with hereditary spherocytosis, one patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, one patient with pyruvate-kinase hemolytic anemia and one patient with posthepatitic cirrhosis and splenomegaly--the hematologic derangement gradually recurred in four, necessitating eventual splenectomy in two. The sixth patient, an infant with histiocytosis-x, died soon after ligation of the splenic artery. Scintiscans of the spleen corroborated regrowth of the splenic remnant, principally the lower pole to which the vascular supply in the splenocolic ligament was not interrupted. Although ligation of the splenic artery is safe and promptly reduces splenic overreactivity, this operation can only be viewed as temporizing and not as definitive treatment of hypersplenism. On the other hand, in view of the protective function of the spleen against certain bacteria and protozoa, particularly in children with blood dyscrasia, the idea of achieving eusplenism or mild hyposplenism rather than asplenism by a graded reduction in the functional splenic mass through ischemic treatment of hypersplenism seems sound. Alternative methods of circulatory control, for instance, embolization of the splenic artery, of splenic function should be cautiously pursued. PMID- 7350707 TI - Cholecystosonography in the evaluation of the gallbladder in pancreatitis. AB - The gallbladder was studied in 21 consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis. Cholecystosonographic evaluations were superior to contrast roentgenography in terms of accuracy and speed of diagnosis and patient compliance. PMID- 7350708 TI - The surgical oncologist. PMID- 7350709 TI - Closure of colostomy following sigmoid colon resection for perforated diverticulitis. AB - Hartmann resection has been the treatment of choice for perforated diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon at the Vancouver General Hospital for nearly 20 years. A retrospective analysis of 70 patients who had the colonic stomas closed following the Hartmann resection was done. A modified Hartmann resection for the initial procedure has been recommended on the basis of fewer complication and shorter hospital stay when the closure operation is performed. The modification consists of the creation of a distal mucus fistula rather than suturing the rectum closed. To facilitate the creation of a distal mucus fistula, it is suggested that less sigmoid colon be resected at the time of the initial operation. The colon can be assessed for residual diverticular disease later and more resected at the later closure operation if required. PMID- 7350711 TI - Extraperitoneal gastrostomy. PMID- 7350710 TI - Acute pilonidal abscess. AB - Definitive emergency surgical treatment of an acute pilonidal abscess by excision of the squamous epithelial sinus or sinuses with drainage of the abscess has given excellent results. Although the procedure can be done in the office, it is best carried out in the hospital operating room with the use of local anesthetics. The great advantage of this method is that only one surgical procedure is required and the morbidity usually associated with this disease is lessened. The abscess has not recurred in patients so treated. The hospital cost is low, and the patient loses a minimal amount of time from work or school. PMID- 7350712 TI - Surgical anatomy of the thoracic outlet syndrome. AB - Operative and cadaver dissections have shown that neurovascular compression in the thoracocervicoaxillary region occurs most frequently at the following three levels: the superior thoracic outlet, the costoscalenic hiatus and the costoclavicular passage. At each, a fibromuscular and osseous frame surrounds and fits the neurovascular bundle rather snugly. Pathologic conditions and some normal anatomic variants of the frame or of its contents could lead to contents container space incompatibility, thus producing symptoms of neurovascular compression. Evaluation of the rigid frame of the region has shown that the first thoracic rib is its key element at all three possible levels of compression. Review of the many possible anatomic variants of osseous, fibromuscular and neurovascular components of the passage illustrates the necessary complexity of any operative attempt intended to detect and treat all possible anatomic causes of compression. Removal of the first thoracic rib, regardless of most other anatomic causes for thoracic outlet syndrome, provides a simple alternative by creating a patulous thoroughfare which eliminates all three possible levels of compression, even when other undetected predisposing anatomic structures are not removed. PMID- 7350713 TI - Immunologic aspects of unknown primary melanoma. AB - Immune responses of 36 patients with stage II unknown primary melanoma were compared to those of 83 stage II patients with known primary melanoma. The two groups of patients were similar in age, sex, and extent of disease. Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was nearly identical in both groups. Patients with unknown primary melanoma had a mean level of reactivity of 4.7 +/- 0.37 and the patients with known primary had a mean level of 5.0 +/- 0.17. Of unknown primary patients 4.2% were unreactive to DNCB and 4.8% of known primary patients were unreactive. Antibodies to cultured melanoma cells were slightly more prevalent in serum from the unknown primary patients (67%) than from known primary patients (45%), but mean titer of positive sera did not differ significantly. Lymphoproliferative assays did not demonstrate differences in lymphocyte reactivity among the two groups when tested with Concanavalin A, mixed leukocyte culture, or unstimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis. No differences could be detected in these assays of humoral and cellular immune responses when patients with unknown primary melanoma were compared to those with known primary melanoma and similar clinical characteristics. PMID- 7350714 TI - Noninvasive determination of LeVeen shunt patency. AB - The LeVeen peritoneovenous shunt is being used with increasing frequency for management of intractable ascites. The question of postoperative shunt patency frequently arises. This report describes a unique, noninvasive method of assessing shunt patency using Doppler ultrasound. Four of five patients with shunts judged to be occluded by this new method had the findings substantiated by peritoneal instillation of radioisotope; the fifth patient was not studied by any other method. The evaluation with ultrasound is easily performed at operation and after operation and is reliable for assessing shunt patency. PMID- 7350715 TI - Parathyroid carcinoma with tracheal invasion and airway obstruction. AB - The following report presents an unusual case of a patient with a recurrent parathyroid carcinoma that grossly invaded the lumen of the trachea with a polypoid appearance and brought about severe airway obstruction. The three rings of the upper trachea, including the lower part of the cricoid cartilage, were resected with the tumor, and the airway was reconstructed by end-to-end anastomosis. The present case demonstrates that parathyroid carcinoma can become an intratracheal hazard, as can carcinomas of the thyroid gland, esophagus, lung, or larynx. PMID- 7350716 TI - Training by threat. PMID- 7350717 TI - The surgical approach to significant stenosis of vertebral and subclavian arteries. AB - Nonhemispheric transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) occur as a result of diminished flow to the basilar artery and its branches. The importance of the four major sources of blood supply have been emphasized. Angiographic evaluation of 1,700 patients with cerebral symptoms revealed significant subclavian or vertebral stenosis in 244. Since 1972 a direct anastomosis to the adjacent common carotid artery has been the selected operative procedure to restore flow to distal arteries. Exposure and completion of the anastomosis requires only a supraclavicular approach and can be performed safely. No deaths or neurological deficits as a result of interruption of cerebral flow have occurred. Complications have been minor. PMID- 7350718 TI - The problem of cost containment in teaching hospitals: the Johns Hopkins experience. PMID- 7350719 TI - Operative vasopressin and mesocaval shunting for portal hypertension. PMID- 7350720 TI - The relative value of carotid noninvasive testing as determined by receiver operator characteristic curves. AB - To determine the relative value of carotid phonoangiography (CPA), oculoplethysmography-Kartchner (OPG-K), and Doppler ultrasonic arteriography (UA), 90 vessels undergoing carotid endarterectomy were prospectively examined. By analyzing the data on receiver operator characteristic curves, the dynamic relationship between sensitivity and specificity for each of the three noninvasive tests was assessed. Disease was defined by either the percentage of angiographic stenosis or the mean pressure gradient across the carotid (deltaP). All three tests were shown to be relatively insensitive, but quite specific, if disease was defined by 50% and 60% angiographic stenosis or deltaP of greater than 10 and 20 mm Hg. By employing a more rigid definition of disease, 70% stenosis or deltaP of greater than 30 mm Hg, sensitivity was increased for all examinations and was highest in OPG-K and UA for a given specificity. The sensitivity for UA was enhanced to 80% with a comparable specificity, if those 23 UA exams with plaque were treated as positive studies. The combination of CPA, OPG-K, and UA was superior to any one of these tests alone, but the best value balancing maximum sensitivity and specificity still was associated with a 23% false negative rate. This study would suggest that these three tests should be limited to screening patients at risk for carotid stenosis and not for symptomatic patients. To achieve the best balance between sensitivity and specificity, lax threshold criteria for calling the test positive should be employed, and the tests should be used in combination. PMID- 7350721 TI - Surgical manpower and practice patterns in a nonmetropolitan area. Nonmetropolitan surgical manpower. AB - Surgical practice in a nonmetropolitan area was studied with a field survey of 33 general surgeons and family practitioners. Instruments included a physician interview and questionnaire, a nurse-receptionist questionnaire, a sample of 3,733 office patient records, and a sample of hospital operating room logbooks. The general surgeons reported spending an average of 22 hours a week seeing an average of 74 patients in their office practices. Twenty-six percent of the presenting problems and 32% of the principal diagnoses identified in the sample of general surgeons' office patient records were defined as primary care problems. Twenty-two percent of the problems and diagnoses were defined as specialty surgical problems, such as urological problems. An indication of patient referral was found in 2% of the records. In hospital practice the surgeons estimated spending an average of 14 hours a week in the operating room, and performed an average of seven to eight procedures a week. The mean California relative value (CRV) for each procedure was 10.0 CRV. The family physicians managed patients with a broad range of problems, including surgical, in their office practices, and performed an average of three operative procedures each week in the hospital. PMID- 7350722 TI - Acoustic power measurement of medical ultrasonic probes using a strain gauge technique. AB - A new method using a semiconductor strain guage is described for the measurement of the acoustic power output of ultrasonic medical therapy and other probe heads. The acoustic power output of the probe heads is found to be linearly related to the calibrated electrical output of the strain gauge transducer system, as expected theoretically. The instrument developed is inexpensive, portable and easy to operate for the routine measurement of ultrasonic output of the equipment in hospitals. PMID- 7350724 TI - Echographic imaging with dynamically focused insonification. AB - This work describes a real-time echographic imaging device with lateral scanning and a new process for dynamic focusing. While, in reception, a time varying focus is a well-established process, the system that we propose is able to perform dynamic focusing also in transmission. This is carried out by emitting several acoustic pulses focused in different regions. This process, which we call dynamic focused insonification, gives good results and can be used either alone or in connection with dynamic focusing in reception. PMID- 7350723 TI - The role of ultrasound-induced cavitation in the 'in vitro' stimulation of collagen synthesis in human fibroblasts. AB - Collagen synthesis by human embryonic fibroblasts in vitro was estimated using a collagenase-sensitivity assay. Collagen synthesis was stimulated by irradiation with ultrasound at a frequency of 3 MHz, a space-time peak intensity of 0.5 Wcm 2, pulsed at a mark-space ratio of 2:8 ms for 5 min at ambient pressure. This stimulation was suppressed by the application of a positive pressure of 2 atmospheres during irradiation of the cells. Increasing the pressure in the absence of ultrasound had no effect on the rate of collagen synthesis in control cells. This stimulation, therefore, appears to be due to ultrasound-induced cavitation, since it is unlikely that increasing the pressure could modify any other ultrasonic parameter. Collagen synthesis is apparently stimulated to the same extent as general protein synthesis. PMID- 7350726 TI - Adenovirus recombination in normal and repair-deficient human fibroblasts. PMID- 7350725 TI - Semliki forest virus persistence in mouse L929 cells. PMID- 7350727 TI - Kinetics of adenovirus DNA replication. I. Rate of adenovirus DNA replication. PMID- 7350728 TI - Comparative amino acid analysis of influenza A viral proteins. PMID- 7350731 TI - Psychiatric illness in the elderly. AB - Most of the elderly with psychiatric disorders are unknown to mental health facilities and untreated by psychiatrists. Many of this population may be under the care of family physicians. Psychiatric illness in the elderly patient often goes unrecognized. Physicians' attitude and training create the possibility that treatable illnesses are misdiagnosed as irreversible dementia. A more optimistic approach to the treatment and prognosis of mental disorders in the aged is warranted. PMID- 7350730 TI - Influenza and influenza vaccination. AB - The hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens of the influenza virus periodically undergo major or minor structural changes. These influence epidemiologic patterns and the composition of vaccine. Annual vaccination is recommended for individuals at increased risk of complications from lower respiratory tract infections. Vaccine for 1979-80 contains antigens representative of three viruses and is closely related to the vaccine of 1978-79. Amantadine is approved for prophylaxis and treatment. PMID- 7350732 TI - Chondromalacia patellae and the painful knee. AB - Chondromalacia patellae is a pathologic diagnosis. The initial diagnosis is patellofemoral pain syndrome, unless actual evidence of chondromalacia is available. The success of a nonoperative treatment program is correlated with improvement of thigh musculature balance. An arduous muscle-strengthening program is part of the treatment protocol. Only eight in a series of 100 patients required surgery. The physician's attitude and the patient's confidence are important elements in the success rate. PMID- 7350729 TI - The genome of incomplete influenza virus. PMID- 7350733 TI - Tubulointerstitial diseases. AB - This group of disorders has a number of causes. Early in the course of the disease, tubular malfunction is out of proportion to glomerular disease. The early presentation may be inability to concentrate urine, salt wasting, distal or proximal renal tubular acidosis and/or Fanconi's syndrome. With early diagnosis and treatment, progression of the renal disorder can be prevented or at least delayed. One can easily discontinue the antibiotic or analgesic, remove the heavy metal, treat the electrolyte abnormality, lower the uric acid or remove the genitourinary tract obstruction. PMID- 7350734 TI - Placing a needle in an infant's scalp vein. PMID- 7350735 TI - Diagnosis and management of bleeding disorders. PMID- 7350736 TI - Aminophylline: modern approaches to therapy. PMID- 7350737 TI - Dangers of smoking during pregnancy reported. PMID- 7350738 TI - Accidental hypothermia dangerous for elderly. PMID- 7350739 TI - View from the Hill. PMID- 7350740 TI - Hints on diagnosing headaches. PMID- 7350741 TI - Raynaud's disease and phenomenon. AB - Episodic digital ischemia may be an isolated abnormality, a symptom of systemic illness or the result of trauma, pharmacologic toxicity, atherosclerosis or Buerger's disease. A complete history and physical examination often provide adequate information for diagnosis. Laboratory evaluation usually confirms the presence of a systemic process, such as one of the rheumatologic disorders or a monoclonal gammopathy. Approaches to therapy differ, depending on the underlying process. In Raynaud's vasospasm, the results of pharmacologic therapy and/or sympathectomy are disappointing; avoidance of smoking and conservation of body heat are essential. PMID- 7350743 TI - The clinical value of cardiac fluoroscopy. PMID- 7350742 TI - Excessive proneness of Jews to ischemic heart and bowel diseases. PMID- 7350744 TI - Surgical closure of coronary artery fistula emptying into left ventricle. PMID- 7350745 TI - Single daily dosing of propranolol in hypertension. PMID- 7350746 TI - Regression equations and normal values for children. PMID- 7350750 TI - Clinical setting and prognostic significance of high degree atrioventricular block in acute inferior myocardial infarction: a study of 144 patients. AB - High degree AV block occurred in 144 of 843 patients consecutively admitted because of acute inferior myocardial infarction and was associated with more extensive myocardial damage and a higher mortality rate, as compared to those without AV block. Patients with power failure at the time of appearance of high degree AV block and a ventricular rate of less than 50 per minute, seemed to profit from pacemaker therapy. By contrast in patients with power failure and a ventricular rate of more than 50 per minute, pacemaker insertion did not affect immediate prognosis. PMID- 7350749 TI - Transverse midventricular disruption after mitral valve replacement. PMID- 7350748 TI - Congenital aneurysms of the left ventricle. PMID- 7350747 TI - Truncus arteriosus malformation: a spectrum including fourth and sixth aortic arch interruptions. PMID- 7350751 TI - Autonomic tone of patients during an electrophysiological catheterization. The role of autonomic influences on the reproducibility of sinus node function studies. PMID- 7350752 TI - Antihypertensive effect of BS 100-141, a new central acting antihypertensive agent. AB - A double-blind comparison between BS 100-141 and placebo in 36 hypertensive patients of Thai or Thai-Chinese origin revealed that the preparation lowers the elevated blood pressure within the first week of treatment in most patients. The drug was relatively well tolerated and caused mild side effects only. After a sudden discontinuation of the drug, the blood pressure in four of the 19 patients increased within a few days to pretreatment values or slightly above. The occurrence of rebound hypertension cannot be excluded. Interruption of treatment, therefore, should be made gradually. PMID- 7350753 TI - The effect of hemodilution with stroma-free hemoglobin and dextran on collateral perfusion of ischemic myocardium in the dog. AB - The effect of hemodilution with stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH) solution was assessed on the collateral perfusion of acutely ischemic myocardium in anesthetized dogs. A similar protocol was used in three groups: one hour following occlusion of the LAD coronary artery, a rapid exchange-transfusion was performed and the changes were followed for the subsequent two hours. Group I was hemodiluted with SFH, in Group II whole blood was reinfused, and Group III was hemodiluted with dextran 70. Following the exchange-transfusions, blood flow to the ischemic zone (15 +/- 3 micrometer microspheres) increased in all groups, but only marginally so in Group II (23 +/- 17%). The greatest increments were seen in the SFH-hemodiluted group (Group I) in which endocardial flow increased by 83 +/- 29% (p less than .05) and epicardial flow increased by 45 +/- 21%; these resulted in the greatest improvements in oxygen delivery. Significant increments in blood flow were seen in Group III, as well, but oxygen delivery was less adequate. Group I also exhibited the lowest output of CPK from the heart and was the only one in which indices of left ventricular performance (dP/dt and EDP) were returned to the pre-occlusion level. these findings suggest the possibility that reduction of blood viscosity by dilution with SFH improves collateral perfusion of the ischemic myocardium. PMID- 7350754 TI - Rest and exercise hemodynamics in children before and after aortic valvotomy. PMID- 7350755 TI - Exercise-induced ventricular ectopy in children and young adults with complete heart block. AB - Twenty-five children and young adults with complete heart block and 50 normal control subjects were maximally exercised on a treadmill and their electrocardiograms were analyzed for the presence and degree of ventricular ectopy activity. Sixty-eight % (17 of 25) of the heart block patients and significant ventricular ectopy (frequent unifocal ectopy or worse) on exercise compared to 2% (one of 50) of the controls (p = less than 0.01). In the patients with block there was a significant trend toward more frequent and more severe ectopy with increasing age (p = less than 0.05) independent of heart rate. More severe ventricular ectopy was also seen in those patients with QRS prolongation (p = less than 0.05). No significant differences were found between the 14 patients with isolated "congenital" heart block, the seven with associated defects, and the four with surgically acquired block. We believe that severe ventricular ectopy is common at exercise in patients with complete heart block and they may have an increased risk for sudden death. PMID- 7350756 TI - Echocardiographic detection of a retained left atrial catheter. AB - An 18-year-old woman underwent the repair of traumatic lacerations of the mitral valve, tricuspid valve, and interventricular septum. At the time of surgery, an indwelling left atrial catheter was placed for postoperative hemodynamic manangement. An attempt to remove the catheter completely several days following surgery was unsuccessful, but it was initially assumed by the surgeon that the tip of the catheter had been withdrawn from the left atrium. When the patient developed neurologic signs suggesting a cerebral embolism, an echocardiogram was performed. Echo demonstration of the catheter in the left atrium led to repeat thoracotomy for removal of the retained line. Baseline echocardiograms are indicated in cardiac surgical patients with indwelling left atrial catheters and echo study can be diagnostic if catheter retention occurs. PMID- 7350757 TI - Morbidity associated with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva. AB - Anomalies of the coronary arteries occur infrequently, but can have major clinical consequences. Many reports have described an association between sudden death and origin of the left coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalva, but origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva is thought to be benign. Herein, we describe a patient in whom anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva was associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity. A 25-year-old man developed complete heart block and myocardial infarction in the distribution of a dominant anomalous right coronary artery free of atherosclerotic lesions. Systolic compression at the origin of the anomalous artery was demonstrated. The left coronary artery was normal. We conclude that anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva may be associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity in the absence of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7350758 TI - Absent right superior vena cava with persistent left superior vena cava: implications and management. AB - Seven cases of absent right superior vena cava with persistent left superior vena cava and normal situs were diagnosed at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. All patients had associated cardiac defects. In two cases the diagnosis was made at autopsy, the first in 1957 and in a 26 day old infant with multiple cogenital defects and the second in 1965 in a 22 day old infant who had pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. Since 1966 absent right superior vena cava has been diagnosed at cardiac catheterization in five children. Three of these children have had surgery, two for subaortic stenosis and one for an atrial septal defect. One has an insignificant atrial septal defect and the fifth has a ventricular septal defect. The electrocardiogram of four reveals s short P-R interval and a leftward frontal plane axis of the P wave, suggesting a low atrial focus. None has had any significant conduction problem. All five children are living and well, the oldest has survived 13 years postoperatively. Certain precautions are necessary should corrective cardiac surgery or transvenous pacemaker insertion be necessary. PMID- 7350759 TI - Sustained beneficial effects of oral amrinone on cardiac and renal function in patients with severe congestive heart failure. PMID- 7350760 TI - Use of ajmaline in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome to disclose short refractory period of the accessory pathway. AB - Ajmaline given intravenously produced complete anterograde block in the accessory pathway of 32 of 59 patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. An electrophysiologic investigation performed 1 day later revealed that failure of ajmaline to produce complete anterograde block in the accessory pathway corresponded to a short refractory period of this pathway (less than 270 ms). The use of ajmaline intravenously is advanced as a reliable and rapid procedure for identifying those patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome who have a short refractory period of the accessory pathway and are possible at risk of circulatory insufficiency or sudden death if atrial fibrillation supervenes. PMID- 7350761 TI - Intracardiac flow pattern in mitral regurgitation studied with combined use of the ultrasonic pulsed doppler technique and cross-sectional echocardiography. PMID- 7350762 TI - Infiltrative cardiomyopathy with conduction disease and ventricular arrhythmia: electrophysiologic and pathologic correlations. AB - Two cases are described, one of cardiac sarcoidosis and another of primary cardiac amyloidosis, in which correlation was made between electrophysiologic and postmortem conduction system studies. In Case 1 the electrocardiogram revealed right bundle branch block with first degree and intermittent third degree atrioventricular (A-V) block and recurrent unifocal paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. Electrophysiologic studies disclosed normal sinus rhythm with prolonged A-H (175 ms) and H-V (60 MS) intervals and extrastimulus induction of repetitive ventricular firing. Postmortem examination revealed a sarcoid aneurysm of the posterior left ventricle and granulomatous infiltration of the A-V node, His bundle and bundle branches. In case 2 the electrocardiogram revealed sinus bradycardia, a prolonged S-T interval and recurrent ventricular fibrillation. Electrophysiologic studies demonstrated a prolonged sinus nodal recovery time (6,080 ms) and H-V (85 ms) interval. Postmortem examination revealed marked amyloid infiltration of the sinoatrial node, atria, proximal bundle branches and left and right ventricular myocardium. There was thus excellent correlation between electrophysiologic and pathologic findings. These cases indicate the importance of making a clinical diagnosis of the disease that might in some cases allow specific therapeutic intervention in addition to antiarrhythmic therapy. PMID- 7350763 TI - Cough-facilitated conversion of ventricular tachycardia. AB - Coughing has been shown to be helpful in altering the bradycardia and hypotension that may occur after intracoronary injections of contrast medium and can enable a patient to maintain consciousness during episodes of ventricular fibrillation and asystole. This report describes a patient with ischemic heart disease in whom 33 episodes of drug-refractory ventricular tachycardia were converted to normal sinus rhythm after abrupt forceful coughs were performed on command. When the patient was unable to cough as directed, external electric countershock was necessary to terminate the arrhythmia. These findings suggest that the cough may in isolated cases be effective in the conversion of potentially fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmias. PMID- 7350765 TI - Aortic and left heart chamber size in atrial septal defect--II. PMID- 7350766 TI - Exercise testing in children with heart defects. PMID- 7350764 TI - Aortic and left heart chamber size in atrial septal defect--I. PMID- 7350767 TI - Diagnosis of dissecting aortic aneurysm with suprasternal echocardiography. PMID- 7350768 TI - Estimation of pulmonary vascular resistance in left to right shunt. PMID- 7350769 TI - Failure of prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis: American Heart Association registry. PMID- 7350770 TI - Coronary angiography: physicians' responsibility. PMID- 7350772 TI - Hemodynamic evaluation of patients with combined mitral and aortic prostheses. AB - Complete hemodynamic evaluation of patients with combined aortic and mitral mechanical valve prostheses presents a difficult technical problem. Yet such patients with cardiac symptoms postoperatively often require this evaluation to determine the diagnosis and the advisability of reoperation. A 4 year experience with 22 patients requiring such evaluation is reviewed. Eight patients (36 percent) required reoperation for malfunction of the prosthesis. Four (18 percent) had major complications of the cardiac catheterization study, but no fatalities or residual permanent defects resulted. In 17 cases transthoracic left ventricular needle entry was used. A standardized procedure of this type for both pressure measurement and angiographic studies has evolved, providing reasonable efficiency and a relative degree of safety. The patient is positioned in the right anterior oblique position for optimal needle entry into the left ventricular apex and angiographic visualization of mitral prosthetic incompetence and the myocardial contractile pattern. A 16 gauge needle with side holes but no end hole allows ventriculography to be performed after chamber entry using the prostheses as reference points under fluoroscopic guidance. Retrograde catheterization of the aortic prosthesis, transseptal left atrial catheterization with anterograde crossing of the mitral prosthesis and transapical pressure measurement with a similar needle, combined with quantitative left atrial angiography, are alternative choices for study. PMID- 7350771 TI - Management of pericardial effusion. PMID- 7350773 TI - Coronary hemodynamic effects of ergonovine maleate in human subjects. AB - The coronary hemodynamic effects of ergonovine maleate were examined in 15 patients with a chest pain syndrome not thought to be variant angina. Ergonovine was given intravenously in sequential doses of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.25 mg while measurements were made of systemic hemodynamic variables, coronary sinus blood flow and coronary arteriovenous oxygen difference at intervals during the protocol. Coronary arterial diameters were measured from the 35 mm cineangiogram. Despite an increase in myocardial metabolic demand, as estimated with the heart rate-blood pressure product, there was no apparent increase in coronary vascular resistance. In addition, there was a significant widening of the coronary arteriovenous oxygen difference in five of the seven patients in whom it could be measured. However, neither chest pain nor ischemic electrocardiographic changes were evoked. Although ergonovine also produced a diminution in epicardial coronary arterial diameters, this effect was not sufficient to explain the absence of appropriate coronary vasodilation. These results suggest that ergonovine may limit the normal vasodilatory response of the arteriolar bed to increases in myocardial metabolic demand. PMID- 7350774 TI - Evidence for a flow-independent contribution to the phenomenon of thallium redistribution. AB - Although thallium-201 is known to redistribute slowly into regions of ischemic myocardium after restoration of blood flow, it is not clear to what extent normalization of flow is an essential requirement for the redistribution process. In a search for a flow-independent component of thallium redistribution, 12 dogs with stenosis of the circumflex coronary artery underwent atrial pacing for either 20 minutes (group I, 6 dogs) or 2 hours (group II, 6 dogs). Radioactive thallium and radioactive microspheres, 7 to 10 mu, were injected after 10 minutes of atrial pacing in both groups. Pacing resulted in a 40 percent reduction in subendocardial blood flow to the circumflex-perfused myocardium in both groups I and II. This relative reduction in flow was maintained at a stable level over the 2 hour pacing period in group II. Thallium activity in the relatively ischemic zone was significantly greater in dogs with 2 hours of pacing (group II) than in those with 10 minutes of pacing (group I). Redistribution of thallium occurred despite the continued presence of reduced flow in circumflex-perfused endocardial tissue. These data suggest that a significant component of thallium redistribution may be flow-independent. PMID- 7350775 TI - Assessment of right ventricular function at rest and during exercise in patients with coronary heart disease: a new approach using equilibrium radionuclide angiography. PMID- 7350776 TI - Complete abolition of the reentrant supraventricular tachycardia zone using a new modality of cardiac pacing with simultaneous atrioventricular stimulation. AB - In an attempt to prevent recurrent reentrant supraventricular tachycardia, an experimentally designed new pacemaker has been developed. The pacemaker, when connected to both atrial and ventricular electrodes, is capable of sensing either an atrial or ventricular signal and, in turn, triggers simultaneous atrioventricular A-V) stimulation. Efficacy of this pacemake was tested in four patients with recurrent paroxysmal A-V nodal reentrant tachycardia during electrophysiologic studies. After connection of the electrodes to the new pacemaker, all atrial or ventricular premature stimuli elicited simultaneous A-V stimulation with resultant impulse collision in the A-V junction. Consequently, the reentrant tachycardia zone was completely abolished in all patients. This study has thus demonstrated the clinical feasibility of simultaneous A-V pacing to abolish the supraventricular tachycardia zone in man. PMID- 7350777 TI - Comparison of M mode echocardiography and pathologic findings in the hypoplastic left heart syndrome. PMID- 7350778 TI - Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in infancy: influence of age and type of lesion. PMID- 7350779 TI - Spectrum of cardiovascular lesions in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: analysis of eight cases. AB - Eight cases of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome with cardiovascular complications are described. The clinical presentation in all but one patient conformed to the previously described features of this syndrome. Five patients had cardiac enlargement, six had electrocardiographic abnormalities and three had a murmur of mitral insufficiency. Each of the four patients who died had aneurysms of the coronary arteries, usually associated with organizing thrombi. In addition to involvement of the coronary arteries, the renal, mesenteric, vertebral, splenic, hepatic and iliac arteries were affected to individual cases. One patient required triple aortocoronary bypass surgery and one patient underwent excision of a brachial arterial aneurysm. Further long-term follow-up studies of the patients who have survived the acute stage of the syndrome are indicated to establish this spectrum of late complications and sequelae. PMID- 7350780 TI - Progress and the little gray pill. PMID- 7350781 TI - Functioning tumors. PMID- 7350782 TI - Elevated serum concentrations of triiodothyronine in hypothyroid patients. Values for patients receiving USP thyroid. AB - Serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured for 14 hypothyroid patients while they were receiving USP desiccated thyroid and after six weeks of therapy with comparable doses of levothyroxine sodium (Na-l-thyroxine). Therapy with USP thyroid caused supraphysiologic elevations in the concentration of T3 in 13 patients. Treatment with levothyroxine resulted in serum concentrations of T3 that were within the range of normal. We believe the preferable therapy for hypothyroidism is levothyroxine. PMID- 7350783 TI - Elevated threshold for thyrotropin suppression in congenital hypothyroidism. AB - Five infants with congenital hypothyroidism were found to have persistently elevated levels of serum thyrotropin (TSH) for six to 24 months after administration of adequate doses of thyroxine. In these infants, the hypothalamic pituitary threshold for TSH suppression by thyroxine seems to be unusually high. These observations suggest that serum TSH levels should not be the sole criterion for evaluating adequacy of thyroid hormone replacement during the initial months of therapy for congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 7350784 TI - Computerized tomography in the evaluation of isosexual precocity. AB - Clinical and laboratory observations were made in three children with isosexual precocity. None of the patients showed abnormalities in neurological or visual field examinations although one patient had arrested hydrocephalus and a head circumference greater than the 98th percentile for her age and another patient had a history of seizures. Roentgenograms of the skull were normal in all patients. Cranial computerized tomography (CT) identified a lesion in each patient. We believe that craniel CT should be performed in any patient with isosexual precocity in whom a specific cause is not evident or in whom a cerebral cause is suggested even though the patient may be otherwise normal. Cranial CT is a safe, accurate, and noninvasive technique. PMID- 7350785 TI - Theophylline toxicity in term infants. AB - The pharmacokinetics of theophylline were studied in 1-month-old term infants who received accidental overdoses of theophylline during treatment for bronchiolitis. Both infants survived without neurologic sequelae. Elimination half-life values of 14.5 and 15.2 hours, respectively, were shorter than reported in premature infants but longer than in infants aged 3 months or older. Caffeine appeared in the sera of both patients, who had not received it in any form. In term infants, elimination of theophylline may occur by N-methylation in contrast to older patients in whom the drug is chiefly eliminated by demethylation and oxidation. Theophylline has not been proved effective for the treatment of bronchiolitis. It should be used with caution for wheezing in very young infants until its pharmacokinetics have been studied further in nontoxic, full-term infants younger than age 3 months. PMID- 7350786 TI - Malformation complex. Spondylohypoplasia, arthrogryposis, and popliteal pterygium. AB - Two unrelated children were born with severe congenital malformations: a girl now seven years old and a boy who died in the newborn period. Both had severe cervical hyperextension, severe flexion deformities of the limbs, and bilateral popliteal pterygia. Postmortem examination of the second case showed small, well formed thoracic vertebrae with mild epidural fibrosis and hemorrhage. These births defects are rare and usually occur separately. We postulate that they are related in these two cases; that the arthrogryposis and popliteal pterygia were probably the result of the spondylohypoplasia and associated changes; and that together, these related defects may constitute a new malformation complex. PMID- 7350787 TI - Changes in zinc metabolism during the course of the nephrotic syndrome. AB - The plasma zinc concentration and quantitative urinary zinc excretion were studied in 105 pediatric patients with the nephrotic syndrome or nephritis nephrosis. The plasma level was decreased to a mean value of 51.7 microgram/dL in patients with the nephrotic syndrome (controls, 85 microgram/dL). The rate of urinary zinc excretion was not different from that of the controls, with the exception of patients whose disease was in the polyuric phase of beginning remission where it was fivefold higher and those who had achieved a long-lasting remission of the disease. Since about two thirds of the plasma zinc is bound to albumin, an unchanged zinc-albumin ratio would reflect an equal zinc and albumin loss. The ratio, however, was increased twofold and thus does not adequately explain the hypozincemia. The low hair level of 86 microgram/g may suggest a more profoundly disturbed zinc metabolism than originally thought. PMID- 7350788 TI - Partial resolution of bone lesions. A child with severe combined immunodeficiency disease and adenosine deaminase deficiency after enzyme-replacement therapy. AB - A child with severe combined immunodeficiency disease and adenosine deaminase deficiency, with characteristic bone dysplasia, was treated with transfusions of frozen irradiated RBCs as a means of enzyme replacement. This therapy resulted in restoration of immunologic competence and partial resolution of the bone lesions. Although the natural history of these lesions without therapy is not known, enzyme-replacement therapy may have played a role in the resolution of this patient's bone lesions. PMID- 7350789 TI - Foreign body in the airway. A review of 200 cases. AB - Two hundred children aged 6 months to 12 years were admitted to the hospital with a foreign body in the airway. Food materials constituted 93% of all foreign bodies. A positive history of foreign body aspiration was obtained in 88% of the cases. The most common symptoms of laryngotracheal foreign bodies were dyspnea, cough, and stridor, whereas those of bronchial foreign bodies were cough, decreased air entry, wheezing, and dyspnea. Chest fluoroscopy contributed to the diagnosis in 90% of the cases of bronchial foreign bodies, but only 32% of those in the laryngotracheal area. Of the foreign bodies removed, 98 1/2% were done by laryngoscopy, tracheoscopy, and/or bronchoscopy. Complications were involved in 6% of the cases, including one death. History of recurrent intractable pneumonia should make one consider a foreign body in the airway. Removal of one foreign body does not exclude the existence of another. The condition may be fatal; thus immediate removal of the foreign body is mandatory. PMID- 7350790 TI - Incidence of meconium abnormalities in newborn infants with cystic fibrosis. AB - Review of the newborn nursery notes of 87 infants who had cystic fibrosis without meconium ileus (MI) indicated that 12 of them had clinical features consistent with the meconium plug syndrome (MPS). This high incidence of meconium abnormalities suggests that MI and the MPS probably represent different gradations of the same underlying pathologic abnormality. The findings further suggest that a quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis sweat test be performed in every newborn infant with any type of meconium abnormality, including the spontaneous passage of meconium plugs. PMID- 7350791 TI - Trace elements in the fetus and young infant. II. Copper, manganese, selenium, and chromium. PMID- 7350792 TI - Radiological case of the month. Retroperitoneal lipoma in a child. PMID- 7350793 TI - Severe neonatal chlamydial pneumonitis. PMID- 7350794 TI - Hearing loss and learning disability. PMID- 7350795 TI - Legionnaires' disease: four summers' harvest. PMID- 7350796 TI - Feasibility of maintaining normal glucose profiles in insulin-dependent pregnant diabetic women. AB - This study was designed to test the feasibility of a patient-monitored glucose determination program to establish and maintain normal blood glucose levels. Ten pregnant women, who were insulin-dependent diabetics prior to becoming pregnant and who were in their eighth week or less of pregnancy, were offered the program. All 10 accepted and continued the program for the duration of their pregnancy. Normal plasma glucose (60 to 140; mean = 80 mg/dl) levels were achieved after one week of the program and were maintained throughout the pregnancy as documented by 5 to 8 blood glucose determinations a day. The hemoglobin A1c level, which was elevated in all 10 patients at the start (9.4 +/- 1.6 per cent) of the program, fell into the normal range (2 to 5.0 per cent) five weeks after glucose values became normal. Serum estradiol (0.8 +/- 0.6 ng/ml), serum prolactin (10 +/- 9 ng/ml) and serum human chorionic gonadotropin (5,500 +/- 1,700 ng/ml), although all abnormal at the start of the program, became normal after glucose control was achieved (program weeks 4, 5 and 6, respectively). The infants showed no signs of macrosomnia (2,988 +/- 959 g), hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hypocalcemia, erythremia or respiratory distress. Therefore, a program to maintain normal blood glucose levels during a diabetic patient's pregnancy is not only possible but may also improve the pregnancy and the outcome. PMID- 7350797 TI - Evaluation of the severity of asthma: patients versus physicians. AB - It is clear that accurate assessment of the severity of asthma requires a measurement of airway obstruction, such as peak expiratory flow rate. In this study, physicians were quite inaccurate in estimating the peak expiratory flow rate by examining patients, whereas the patients themselves were far more accurate in guessing the measurement. In addition, they were able to tell whether the peak expiratory flow rate was better, the same or worse from day to day. Patients' symptoms are important indices of the severity of airway obstruction which should be exploited in management. PMID- 7350798 TI - Budd-Chiari syndrome following pregnancy. Report of 16 cases, with roentgenologic, hemodynamic and histologic studies of the hepatic outflow tract. AB - Budd-Chiari syndrome following pregnancy is an extremely rare disease as reported in the literature. Reported here are 16 such cases in a total of 105 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome seen at Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, from 1963 to 1978. The clinical pointer to the diagnosis was sudden occurrence of abdominal pain and ascites following childbirth. Eleven patients had diuretic-resistant ascites. Percutaneous hepatography was valuable in detecting the site and the nature of the outflow block. The prognosis was uniformly bad, and eight patients died within one year from the onset of their illness. The various treatment schedules, including anticoagulant therapy, Rhodiascit ascitic fluid re-infusion and portasystemic shunt surgery, had no beneficial effect on the survival of these patients. PMID- 7350799 TI - Sites of airway dilatation in asthma following inhaled versus subcutaneous terbutaline. Comparison of physiologic tests with radionuclide lung images. AB - In 12 asthmatic subjects with mild to severe airways obstruction, we compared the relative magnitude and sites of airway dilatation of a beta-adrenergic stimulant administered by different routes. Specific airway conductance (SGaw), peak expiratory flow, the sum of the absolute volume of isoflow and residual volume as a percentage of total lung capacity (capacity of isoflow) and the ratio of maximal expiratory flow at 50 per cent of vital capacity breathing 80 per cent helium-20 per cent oxygen to that breathing air (ratio Vmax50) were determined before and after the administration of aerosolized terbutaline (0.5 mg), subcutaneous terbutaline (0.5 mg) or placebo. Increases in SGaw and peak expiratory flow of greater than or equal to 25 per cent were considered to indicate significant dilatation of central airways; increases in ratio Vmax50 of greater than or equal to 0.10 and decreases in capacity of isoflow of greater than or equal to 10 per cent were assumed to reflect dilatation of peripheral airways. In addition, radioaerosol and radioxenon lung imaging was performed to determine the relationship between changes in lung imaging patterns and changes in physiologic indices in response to bronchodilator therapy. Placebo caused little change in lung function or lung imaging. After inhaled terbutaline, SGaw and peak expiratory flow increased greater than or equal to 25 per cent in seven subjects, ratio Vmax50 increased greater than or equal to 0.10 in only three subjects, capacity of isoflow decreased greater than or equal to 10 per cent in only one subject, radioaerosol images showed less central deposition in nine subjects and radioxenon images showed improved distribution and/or washout of xenon in five subjects. After the administration of subcutaneous terbutaline, SGaw and peak expiratory flow increased greater than or equal to 25 per cent in 10 subjects, ratio Vmax50 increased greater than or equal to 0.10 in 10 subjects, capacity of isoflow decreased greater than or equal to 10 per cent in 11 subjects, and radioaerosol and xenon images showed improvement in 11 and eight subjects, respectively. These findings are consistent with the action of inhaled terbutaline mainly on large airways and of subcutaneous terbutaline on both large and small airways. Although reduced central radioaerosol deposition correlated well with physiologic evidence of large airway dilatation, improvement in xenon distribution and washout could be attributed to dilatation of either large and/or small airways. PMID- 7350800 TI - Gastric outlet obstruction in a patient with multiple myeloma. PMID- 7350801 TI - Perianeurysmal retroperitoneal fibrosis. An unusual cause of renal failure. AB - Retroperitoneal fibrosis causing ureteral obstruction in association with an abdominal aortic aneurysm has been reported infrequently. However, the clinical presentation of patients with this entity and the histopathologic findings at surgery are similar to those in patients with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. We describe a patient with perianeurysmal fibrosis and bilateral ureteral obstruction who presented with severe renal failure. The diagnosis of an abdominal aortic aneurysm with perianeurysmal fibrosis was made only at the time of surgery to repair bilateral ureteral obstruction. Previous case reports of perianeurysmal fibrosis are reviewed, and possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed. It is important to consider the presence of an occult abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients suspected of having retroperitoneal fibrosis because of the serious prognostic and therapeutic implications. PMID- 7350802 TI - The effect of training on strength and endurance of the diaphragm in quadriplegia. AB - The diaphragmatic electromyogram was used to detect fatigue of the diaphragm in six chronic quadriplegics while they breathed for 10 minutes against a variety of inspiratory resistances. The maximum static inspiratory mouth pressure was measured at functional residual capacity (Pmmax) and from the electromyogram the critical inspiratory mouth pressure that developed in each inspiration (Pmcrit) below which electromyographic changes of diaphragmatic fatigue do not develop was estimated. The measurements were repeated after 8, 12 and 16 weeks of inspiratory muscle training consisting of inspiring for a period of 30 minutes daily, six days a week, against a resistance just sufficient to produce the electromyographic changes of fatigue. A significant and progressive increase in Pmmax and Pmcrit was found during the training. It was concluded that (1) quadriplegics are predisposed to the development of inspiratory muscle fatigue due to reduced muscle strength and reduction in endurance, and (2) in these patients inspiratory muscle training increases both strength and endurance, and protects against fatigue. PMID- 7350803 TI - Improved exercise ejection fraction with long-term prazosin therapy in patients with heart failure. AB - To study the effect of prazosin therapy on left ventricular function in patients with chronic stable heart failure, first pass radionuclide angiography at rest and during exercise was performed in 15 patients before the administration of prazosin and after seven to 12 weeks of prazosin therapy. There was no significant change in resting ejection fraction before and during prazosin therapy (36 +/- 14 per cent versus 37 +/- 14 per cent) (mean +/- standard deviation). However, exercise ejection fraction increased from 34 +/- 14 per cent to 42 +/- 17 per cent (p less than 0.01). The difference in ejection fraction from rest to exercise (ejection fraction response) changed significantly from -2 +/- 6 per cent before prazosin therapy to +5 +/- 7 per cent during prazosin therapy (p less than 0.01). Exercise duration increased from 368 +/- 82 seconds to 476 +/- 82 seconds (p less than 0.01). Total work capacity measured in kilojoules increased from 12.6 +/- 8.3 to 18.6 +/- 10.4 (p less than 0.01). The improved ejection fraction response during prazosin therapy correlated with the improved work capacity (r = 0.69, p less than 0.01) and exercise duration (p = 0.59, p less than 0.05). This improvement occurred despite a significant weight gain with prazosin from 72.2 +/- 20.8 kg to 73.5 +/- 20.8 kg (p less than 0.01). These data suggest that long-term prazosin therapy is effective in the treatment of heart failure. However, the beneficial effects of prazosin, an alpha 1 blocking agent, may be evident only during exercise. PMID- 7350804 TI - Renal failure after major angiography. AB - A recently reported 12 per cent incidence of renal failure following angiography prompted our prospective study to substantiate or repudiate this seemingly excessive rate. In 100 consecutive patients, there was no instance of renal failure following angiography. The results of our study indicate that when adequate hydration is maintained angiography does not pose a "significant hazard" of renal failure as previously reported, even in patients with underlying medical problems. PMID- 7350805 TI - Heroin nephropathy. A clinicopathologic and epidemiologic study. AB - The existence of a nephropathy secondary to intravenous narcotic use remains a matter of debate. To determine whether heroin use and renal disease are associated, a clinicopathologic and epidemiologic study was undertaken in the Buffalo Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (Buffalo-SMSA). Over the past 10 years, 23 addicts presented with the nephrotic syndrome and/or renal insufficiency. All patients were black men 18 to 45 years of age. Kidney biopsies performed on 21 patients uniformly showed sclerosing glomerulonephritis. End stage renal disease (ESRD) developd in 15 of these patients. In the epidemiologic evaluation which spanned four and a half years, heroin use was highly correlated with both sclerosing glomerulonephritis and ESRD. A history of intravenous heroin use was found in 26 per cent of the new cases of sclerosing glomerulonephritis and in 13 per cent of the new cases of ESRD in patients aged 18 to 45 years (p less than 0.000001). This investigation confirms the existence of heroin associated sclerosing glomerulonephritis in black men. Heroin use appears to be a major risk factor for ESRD in the Buffalo-SMSA. PMID- 7350806 TI - Tuberculosis in patients with end-stage renal disease. AB - Ten patients with proved disease caused by Myocobacterium tuberculosis were identified over a 10 year period in a population of 172 adult patients undergoing long-term dialysis. The incidence of tuberculosis was 12 times greater than that prevailing in the general community during the period of the study and could not be accounted for solely by demographic factors. Diagnosis was obscured because the symptoms were nonspecific and attributable to uremia, intermediate strength (5 TU) tuberculin tests were often negative, the roentgenographic appearance of pulmonary disease was often atypical, and there was more frequent extrapulmonary involvement. Impaired cellular immunity due to advanced renal failure may predispose to the increased incidence of tuberculosis and the greater frequency of extrapulmonary disease observed. Treatment was safe and effective in these patients using 300 mg of isoniazid and 8 to 10 mg/kg of ethambutol daily. Eight patients survived longer than one year following the diagnosis of tuberculosis, and all were clinically cured. No deaths were directly attributed to tuberculosis. A high index of suspicion and aggressive evaluation may be necessary to diminish the significant mortality described previously in association with disseminated disease. PMID- 7350807 TI - Identification of collagen subtypes in synovial fluid sediments from arthritic patients. AB - Collagen fibers in synovial fluid sediment were described a decade ago. Since then, tissue-specific collagen molecules (types) have been characterized. Techniques were devised to identify the collagen types in joint fluid sediment. Collagens were found in 12 of 17 pellets prepared from fluid aspirates from 17 knee joints of patients with various forms of arthritis. Collagen types I and III and polypeptide chains A and B (basement membrane collagen) were specifically identified in four of seven fluids from patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in a single fluid from a patient with severe septic arthritis. This "collagen profile" was identical to that of rheumatoid synovium. Type II collagen, characteristic of hyaline articular cartilage, was found in two of six fluids from osteoarthritic joints. The presence of sufficient collagen (about 5 micrograms) to permit typing was correlated with roentgenographic evidence of joint space narrowing; the presence of the "synovial" collagen profile was correlated with decreased joint fluid pH. PMID- 7350808 TI - The importance of being interesting. PMID- 7350810 TI - Blood pressure, the renin-aldosterone system and sex steroids throughout normal pregnancy. PMID- 7350811 TI - The American Association of Pathologists: betwixt and between. PMID- 7350809 TI - Differences and similarities among circadian characteristics of plasma renin activity in healthy young women in Japan and the United States. AB - A circadian rhythm of plasma activity (PRA) was demonstrated for both Japanese and North American women, the latter mostly Caucasians of mixed ethnic origin. The results were based on blood samples withdrawn at 4-hour intervals during a 24 hour span (in March 1978) from 20 subjects from Fukuoka (average age 20.4 +/- 0.1 years) and 16 subjects from Minneapolis (average age 20.2 +/- 0.4 years). The rhythms in the two populations showed similarities in some characteristics and differences in others. The timing of high values, i.e., of acrophases, objectively assessed by curve-fitting (and of corresponding 95 per cent confidence limits) was at 07(36) (05(00), 10(16) and 06(32) (03(00), 10(00) for Japan and USA, respectively. As objective measures of the extent of predictable rhythmic change mean amplitudes, in nanograms per milliliter per hour (ng/ml/hour), were similar (0.31 and 0.32); a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.05) was found in mean amplitudes expressed as percentage of the rhythm-adjusted average. Mean rhythm-adjusted average values (mesors) were lower in women from Japan than in those from the United States: (1.64 +/- 0.14 and 2.39 +/- 0.23 ng/ml/hour, respectively; P less than 0.01). A statistically significant difference in dietary salt, indicated by differences between the Japanese and North American women in the urinary excretion of sodium and chloride (P less than 0.05), almost certainly contributed to these results. PMID- 7350812 TI - Schwann cell remyelination and recurrent demyelination in the central nervous system of mice infected with attenuated Theiler's virus. AB - Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection produces a chronic demyelinating disease in mice, and myelin breakdown appears to be immune mediated. By using an attenuated TMEC strain, WW virus, to infect mice, the course of the disease was slowed and the severity of the inflammatory and glial responses were reduced. In this circumstance, most of the demyelinating lesions showed extensive remyelination, predominantly by Schwann cells. In addition, it was demonstrated that there was recurrent demyelinating activity in the central nervous system (CNS) of infected animals. It is suggested that the rapidity and intensity of demyelinating lesions may influence the potential for remyelination and that Schwann cell participation may be a more important mechanism of myelin repair than it is now thought to be. The fact that there is a recurrent demyelination in TMEV infection increases its relevance as an experimental animal model for multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7350813 TI - The effect of clonidine on tubular obstruction in postischemic acute renal failure in the rabbit demonstrated by microradiography and microdissection. AB - Acute renal failure was produced in vasopression-pretreated rabbits by clamping the left renal pedicle for one hour and removing the opposite kidney. Treatment with clonidine, as antihypertensive drug that blunts the kidney's response to vasopressin, resulted in significantly higher creatinine clearance and urine flow rate in the first 6 hours after unclamping. Clonidine (30 microgram/kg given intravenously 30 minutes before unclamping) also significantly lessened the number of hyaline casts in outer medullary tubules and inner medullary loops of Henle 6 hours after unclamping and reduced the number of abnormal tubular contours in microadiograms produced by infusing barium sulfate into the renal artery at sufficient pressure to rupture glomerular capillaries, causing an escape of contrast material into the tubules. The spaces consistently observed between the ends of barium columns and hyaline casts in microdissection studies and the great lengths of the hyaline casts suggest that hyaline casts obstruct the flow of tubular fluid. Clonidine treatment resulted in fewer, shorter, and thinner hyaline casts. These results indicate that tubular obstruction by hyaline casts plays an important role in early postischemic acute renal failure, and that clonidine's beneficial effect is due in part to a reduction in cast formation. PMID- 7350814 TI - Platelet interaction with bacteria. V. Ultrastructure of congenital afibrinogenemic platelets. AB - Platelets from a patient with congenital afibrinogenemia (CA) were tested in their native plasma for reactivity in vitro to Staphylococcus aureus 502A. Previous studies of the interactions between normal human platelets and this organism have shown rapid irreversible aggregation responses in which the bacteria were regularly trapped between aggregating platelets. Engulfment of microbes by single normal platelets in a process akin to phagocytosis was a very rare occurrence. In contrast, CA platelets showed a delayed aggregation response to contact with this microorganism. The CA platelets were also much more sensitive to the concentration of bacteria than were normal platelets. Electron microscopy showed that individual CA platelets often engulfed the stimulatory organism rather than participating in aggregation. Postfixation staining with a colloidal tracer, lanthanum nitrate, indicated that the bacteria were sequestered in the open canalicular system of the CA platelets in a manner analogous to that previously observed with latex particles. Restoration of normal levels of human fibrinogen to the CA platelet-rich plasma corrected the delay in aggregation but did not eliminate the frequent engulfment of bacteria by the CA platelets. These findings indicate that fibrinogen is an important, although not essential, cofactor in the response of human platelets to contact with this common bacterial pathogen. PMID- 7350815 TI - Retinitis pigmentosa. Animal model: hereditary retinal degeneration in Wag/Rij rats. PMID- 7350816 TI - Membranous glomerulopathy associated with hepatitis B core antigen immune complexes in children. AB - Direct immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy, and special immunohistochemical procedures including guinea pig complement fixation, differential elution, and in situ antigen binding were employed in an immunomorphologic analysis of kidney biopsy specimens from 98 children with clinically diagnosed nephrotic syndrome and/or glomerulonephritis (GN). Glomerular deposits of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens, immunoglobulins, and complement were detected in specimens from 24 children, all seropositive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). Of these, 21 cases were diagnosed as membranous glomerulopathy (MGN), 1 as membranoproliferative GN, and 2 as diffuse mesangial proliferative GN. HBaAg was identified as the only HBV antigen in about a third of the cases of MGN, whereas in another third it was accompanied by HBsAg. HBsAg was the only HBV antigenic component detected in the glomerular deposits in the remaining third of the cases of this GN form. The results of this study indicate that apart from, or in addition to, HBsAg immune complexes, HBcAg immune complexes may also participate in the pathogenesis of a significant number of MGN cases in children subclinically infected with HBV. A possibility that these complexes include nonparticulate, presumably low-molecular-weight HBaAg components and that they are found in an environment of antibody-excess is discussed. PMID- 7350818 TI - Must local health officers be physicians? PMID- 7350817 TI - Acute hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis in mice: the activity of lysosomal enzymes in the pancreas and the liver. AB - The activity of lysosomal enzymes of the pancreas and the liver has been studied during induction and onset of acute hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis with fat necrosis (AHPN) in mice. We induced AHPN by feeding the animals a choline deficient (CD) diet containing 0.5% DL-ethionine (CDE). Control animals were fed either laboratory chow or a plain CD DIET. Increased total activities of cathespin B1, beta-galactosidase, and acid phosphatase were found to occur in pancreas homogenates of mice fed the CDE diet for 2 and 3 days. Release of cathespin B1 into pancreas cytosol was observed after 1 day of feeding. beta galactosidase and acid phosphatase were increased in pancreas cytosol after 2 and 3 days of feeding. Changes in total activity and location of the lysosomal enzymes did not occur in the liver. Feeding the CD and CDE diets resulted in an increase in the free activity of lysosomal enzymes of both the pancreas and the liver, suggesting the existence of alterations in the lysosomal membrane. Pancreas and liver homogenates were stored on ice up to 3 hours, and the free activity of acid phosphatase and beta-galactosidase were determined at various time intervals. The free activity of both enzymes increased progressively for 3 hours in the pancreas but not in the liver. It is concluded that: 1) induction of AHPN in mice is accompanied by an increase in the activity of lysosomal enzymes of the acinar cells of the pancreas; 2) cathepsin B1 may be responsible for triggering an intraparenchymal activation of zymogens, and 3) pancreatic lysosomes are labilized more easily than liver lysosomes. PMID- 7350819 TI - Neonatal mortality: an analysis of the recent improvement in the United States. AB - To test the hypothesis that the recent substantial decline in the United States neonatal mortality rate (20.0/1000 in 1950 to 11.6/1000 in 1975) is associated with improvements in perinatal medical care, we examined this change in relation to the two primary components which determine neonatal mortality: birthweight distribution and birthweight-specific mortality. No improvement in the weight distribution of U.S. live births has occurred during this 25-year period, indicating that the change in neonatal mortality is attributable to improved survival for one or more birthweight groups. Decline in the mortality rate in the first 15 years was slow; three-fourths of the decline in the entire 25-year period occurred since 1965. With the exception of perinatal medical care, factors known to affect survival at a given birthweight have not changed in prevalence in the 25-year period. It is a plausible hypothesis that improved perinatal medical care is a major factor in declining neonatal mortality in the U.S. PMID- 7350820 TI - A performance comparison: USMG-FMG house staff physicians. AB - To determine whether differences exist in the performance of United States Medical Graduate (USMG) and Foreign Medical Graduate (FMG) House Staff physicians, inpatient hospital audits evaluating individual physician performance on patient histories and physical examinations were conducted in 14 Maryland and Pennsylvania non-federal, short-term hospitals. A total of 3,204 medical records were abstracted from eight diagnostic categories for 898 house staff physicians, 556 of which were USMGs and 342 were FMGs. The results from these audits indicate that while there is evidence of a strong hospital/type of physician interaction for many of the diagnoses, there was no significant overall difference in performance of USMG and FMG house staff physicians. The largest and most consistent differences in physician performance were associated with hospital characteristics, not physician characteristics. PMID- 7350821 TI - Roles for non-physicians in fertility regulation: an international overview of legal obstacles and solutions. AB - For more than a decade the roles of non-physicians in fertility regulation have been expanding. The article discusses the relationship between law and the expansion of those roles. The laws and regulations which effect these roles fall into three basic categories: those controlling the medical and other health related professions, those regulating drugs and devices, and those affecting specific fertility regulation services. These in turn may either inhibit or facilitate the expansion of roles for non-physicians. Where legal barriers arise, and no feasible legal solution is developed, expansion of roles is difficult, if not impossible, as the law invariably reflects the prevailing views on who should provide fertility regulation services. In many countries, however, as roles have been changing, the law has been changing too in a way which affords legal protection to non-physicians. The emphasis to date has been on permitting them to assume expanded roles in the provision of contraceptives. Non-physicians are authorized to prescribe the Pill in at least 10 countries and to re-supply the Pill after prescription in seven others. Non-physicians are permitted to insert IUDs in at least 10 countries. Pilot projects are presently testing the feasibility of permitting non-physicians to perform sterilizations and early abortions. The law has an impact, for good or ill, on all of these arrangements. PMID- 7350822 TI - Hypertension control in a rural biracial community: successes and failures of primary care. AB - Through a total community survey and a medical record review, we examined hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in a biracial rural community rich in primary care resources. The overall prevalence of hypertension among the 2,939 respondents was 20.5 per cent; 82 per cent of hypertensives were aware of their condition; 68 per cent were on treatment; and 55 per cent were under control. Comparison of data sources revealed discrepancies and misconceptions about diagnosis and treatment. Nearly one-third of the population reported a history of hypertension despite the fact that most of them were untreated and were normotensive. Conversely, one-third of "undetected" hypertensives had notation of the diagnosis in their medical records. Discontinuation of treatment accounted for over one-half of aware but untreated hypertension. Misconceptions about therapy contributed to failures of control in the treated group. These findings suggest that difficulties in the transmission of information about hypertension contribute importantly to failures of control. PMID- 7350823 TI - Fertility planning status of Chicano couples in Los Angeles. AB - Data presented in this paper were obtained from interviews of 1,129 Chicanas in Los Angeles in 1973. The women were 15--44 years of age, and married to Chicanos. While the level of contraceptive use prior to the last pregnancy was somewhat lower for Chicanas than for all women in the United States, they were equally successful in their fertility planning. For Chicano contraceptors, the success rate ranged from 65 per cent before the first pregnancy to 42 per cent before the fourth, a little high than for all women in the United States. For non contraceptors, there were similar differences in success between the two groups. These findings suggest that the higher fertility of Chicanas is a consequence of their desire for larger families rather than unsuccessful family planning. The findings on the determinants of fertility planning success suggest that ethnicity and type of health facility care for the last pregnancy are more important variables than age, age at marriage, socioeconomic status, and religiosity. PMID- 7350824 TI - Ambulatory medical care in the People's Republic of China: an exploratory study. AB - One hundred thirty-eight persons in varying outpatient settings in the People's Republic of China were interviewed briefly. Hospital outpatient utilization appeared to reflect not only severity of illness, but also patients' attitudes and beliefs, illness behavior patterns, and convenience, modifying the formal system of care to some extent. Traditional clinics in commune and county hospitals were typically used to treat psychiatric disorders (defined as physical conditions), chronic illness, and other conditions for which Western medicine offers only symptomatic treatment. PMID- 7350825 TI - A model for the incorporation of alumni-faculty feedback into curriculum planning. AB - Recent changes in the scope and nature of public health jobs and the characteristics of public health students prompted the development and testing of a strategy for curriculum planning based on information obtained from alumni and faculty. Identification of job activities viewed as important by both faculty and alumni for the largest number of job groups suggested a management-oriented core curriculum which could be supplemented by skills and knowledge related to the type of job which the student was preparing to enter. PMID- 7350826 TI - Identifying the relationship between higher education for public health and the field of practice. PMID- 7350827 TI - Job-related activities, academic preparation, and continuing education needs of graduates of schools of public health. AB - This survey determined the job-related activities being carried out by graduates of the University of Texas School of Public Health (UTSPH), whether the graduates received preparation for each activity in their academic program, and what continuing education was needed in each job-related activity. It was found that there was a difference between job activities of UTSPH graduates and their perceptions of their preparation at UTSPH for these activities. Further study is planned. PMID- 7350828 TI - The impact of non-physician health directors on full-time public health coverage in Connecticut. AB - Seven years after passing a 1971 law enabling individuals without MD degrees but trained in public health to become local directors of health, the proportion of Connecticut towns covered by full-time directors had risen from 14 per cent to 38 per cent and the proportion of the population covered had risen from 46 per cent to 63 per cent. The directors of health without MD degrees were satisfied with their positions and believed they had developed good relationships with physicians, the community, and government. PMID- 7350829 TI - The paucity of breast-feeding in an urban clinic population. AB - The lack of breast-feeding among mother-infant dyads utilizing public sector clinics in Los Angeles is presented in this brief study. Whereas the middle and educated classes have begun a resurgence of breast-feeding, this renaissance is missing among the poor. Awareness, health education (by peer advocates), early intervention and reassurance by all levels of health providers is suggested to prevent the dissolution of the lactation bond among the population least apt to breast-feed. PMID- 7350830 TI - Regional resource allocations for home care: an experiment. AB - Decentralized health service delivery responsive to the needs of local populations implies allocating program funds to regions on the basis of predetermined criteria that can facilitate effective planning and budgeting. In 1974, the Manitoba Continuing Care Program attempted to develop a formula for regional allocations for health care services. Four methods were assessed; their strengths and weaknesses are briefly discussed. PMID- 7350831 TI - Nitrates, chlorates and trihalomethanes in swimming pool water. AB - Water from swimming pools in the Miami area was analyzed for nitrates, chlorates and trihalomethanes. The average concentrations of nitrate and chlorate found in freshwater pools were 8.6 mg/liter and 16 mg/liter respectively, with the highest concentrations being 54.9 mg/liter and 124 mg/liter, respectively. The average concentration of total trihalomethanes found in freshwater pools was 125 micrograms/liter (mainly chloroform) and in saline pools was 657 micrograms/liter (mainly bromoform); the highest concentration was 430 micrograms/liter (freshwater) and 1287 micrograms/liter (saltwater). The possible public health significance of these results is briefly discussed. PMID- 7350832 TI - International research: the People's Republic of China. PMID- 7350833 TI - Reflections on gastric surgery. PMID- 7350834 TI - Hepatobiliary complications of ulcerative colitis. AB - The records of 202 patients with chronic ulcerative colitis seen over a 12 year period were reviewed. Over one half (55 percent) were found to have liver function test abnormalities. These abnormalities correlated with the extent and severity of ulcerative colitis but not with the duration of the disease. Eight patients (4 percent) developed cirrhosis and four required portasystemic decompression for bleeding varices. Four patients (2 percent) developed biliary tract complications. Two patients were diagnosed as having sclerosing cholangitis, and two patients developed carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tree. Three of these four patients had whole colon involvement, but all four had mild clinical disease. It is concluded that the hepatobiliary complications of ulcerative colitis are the most frequent and serious extracolonic manifestations of the disease. PMID- 7350835 TI - Chronic cholelithiasis and decreased bile salt pool size: cause or effect? AB - The hypothesis that the decreased bile salt pool size observed in humans with chronic cholelithiasis is a result rather than a cause of gallstones was tested in a prairie dog gallstone model. A decrease in bile salt pool size was observed in cholesterol-fed prairie dogs only after the chronic presence of stones had induced physiologic, anatomic and microscopic changes typical of human chronic cholecystitis. These data suggest that the decreased bile salt pool size associated with chronic cholelithiasis is a result rather than a cause of gallstones and that the link between the hepatic secretion of cholelithogenic bile and gallstones is altered gallbladder function. PMID- 7350836 TI - Complications after peritoneovenous shunting for ascites. AB - The results and complications in our first 23 consecutive patients receiving the peritoneovenous shunt for intractiable hepatic ascites are presented. A good initial diuretic effect was obtained in 20 of the 23 patients, with reversal of hepatorenal failure in 3 of 5 patients. The postoperative complication rate was high (74 percent). Infection, coagulopathy and complication of the underlying liver disease contributed to a mortality rate of 26 percent. Late complications were related to the primary liver disease. The 6 month survival rate was 58 percent and the 1 hear survival rate 52 percent with five patients followed up for more than 2 years. Because of the significant morbidity and mortality associated with the peritoneovenous shunt, we recommend it only for patients with massive intractable hepatic ascites whose condition is refractory to maximal medical therapy. PMID- 7350837 TI - Angiography in portal hypertension: clinical significance in surgery. PMID- 7350838 TI - Plasma amino acid analysis in the differential diagnosis of jaundice. AB - Distinguishing between obstructive (surgical) and hepatocellular (medical) jaundice is sometimes impossible using the relatively simple diagnostic means of history, physical examination and liver function tests. In an attempt to reduce the number of jaundiced patients in need of complex and expensive diagnostic procedures, we investigated the use of the plasma amino acid pattern in the diagnosis of jaundice. Jaundiced rats with galactosamine-induced hepatitis and seven patients with acute onset hepatitis presented a plasma amino acid pattern in which most all amino acid levels were elevated except for arginine in the rat and branched chain amino acids in the patients. Rats jaundiced due to common bile duct ligation and seven patients with obstructive jaundice proved at surgery exhibited a near-normal amino acid pattern. These experimental and clinical data demonstrate very clear qualitative and quantitative differences in plasma amino acid patterns of hepatocellular and obstructive jaundice, with the latter exhibiting an almost-normal pattern. We suggest the use of the plasma amino acid pattern as a useful adjunct in the differential diagnosis of medical and surgical jaundice. PMID- 7350839 TI - Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery. AB - Based on assessment of 161 nonemergency general surgical patients, a multiparameter index of nutritional status was defined relating the risk of postoperative complications to baseline nutritional status. When applied prospectively to 100 gastrointestinal surgical patients, this index provided an accurate, quantitative estimate of operative risk, permitting rational selection of patients to receive preoperative nutritional support. PMID- 7350840 TI - Stomal and recurrent ulceration: medical or surgical management? PMID- 7350841 TI - Arteriovenous acid-base balance during acute gastric mucosal ulcerogenesis. AB - The possibility that acute gastric mucosal ulcerogenesis induced by bile acid and ischemia is a consequence of inadequate tissue buffering of back-diffused intramucosal H+ was examined indirectly by measuring arteriovenous differences in acid-base parameters across vascularized chambered wedges of proximal canine gastric wall. During acute lesion formation gastric venous [HCO3-] and pH were significantly decreased, and a marked negative base excess developed. The data suggest that mucosal ulcerogenesis is a consequence of uncompensated tissue acidosis. Further, these derangements occur only in the presence of topical acid, suggesting that back-diffused H+ may be ultimately responsible. PMID- 7350842 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of serum ribonuclease in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. AB - The serum levels of a poly-[C]-specific acid ribonuclease (RNase) found in the pancreas was measured in 40 normal persons and 137 patients with pancreatic cancer, other cancers, obstructive jaundice, acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis. Serum RNase increased by as much as 800 percent above normal in 69 percent of patients with pancreatic cancer. Analysis of the serum isoenzymes of RNase by isoelectric focusing did not reveal any unique RNases produced by the tumours. In contrast, serum RNase rose in only 8 percent of patients with other cancers, 11 percent of other patients with obstructive jaundice and in no patients with chronic pancreatitis. These data suggest that the finding of increased serum RNase is of adjunctive value inthe diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma and may be particularly helpful in distinguishing it from other causes of biliary obstruction and from chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7350843 TI - Surgery of the alimentary tract. An overview. PMID- 7350845 TI - Surgical treatment of the postgastrectomy dumping syndrome. AB - Fifteen patients were treated surgically for dumping syndrome at the University of Florida between 1972 and 1977. Five of them had a reversed jejunal segment interposed between the stomach and the Roux limb and 10 had simple 45 cm Roux-en Y gastrojejunostomy. The reversed segment has been, in our experience, a uniform disappointment. Straight Roux-en-Y duodenal diversion, with the exception of temporary delay in gastric emptying in a few cases, has proved successful in treating the postgastrectomy dumping syndrome. PMID- 7350844 TI - Surgery in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. AB - Oculpharyngeal muscular dystrophy is an autosomal dominant inherited condition seen mainly in patients of French Canadian origin. Fifteen patients with an established diagnosis of the disease were evaluated clinically, manometrically and radiologically before and after cricopharyngeal myotomy. All patients presented with oropharyngeal dysphagia to solids and liquids, pharyngooral and pharyngonasal regurgitation, frequent aspiration at mealtime and chronic aspiration of saliva during the night. When compared with a control group, significant differences were observed in the pressure, duration and frequency of pharyngeal contraction. Cricopharyngeal myotomy did not alter pharyngeal function. At the level of the upper esophageal sphincter, resting and contraction pressure relaxation, relaxation time and coordination were examined. Relaxation time was the only significant abnormality observed between patients with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy and control subjects. Surgery significantly lowered the resting and contracting pressures of the sphincter. Relaxation time was brought toward normal. All patients' symptoms were significantly improved by cricopharyngeal myotomy. PMID- 7350846 TI - Experimental gastric carcinogenesis in the rat: effects of hypergastrinemia and acid secretion. PMID- 7350847 TI - Complications of gastric bypass for morbid obesity. AB - This report details the complications observed in 154 morbidly obese patients who has a gastric bypass performed in the period from April 1975 through March 1979. Thirteen intraoperative complications occurred. In the first 30 days after operation, one or more complications developed in 29 or 17.9 percent of the patients. One patient died from pulmonary embolism. The most serious complication unique to gastric bypass was a leak from the stomach or the anastomosis. The factors responsible are discussed and suggestions are made concerning the prevention of this complication. Sixteen late complications occurred in 13 patients. The 62 operative procedures performed incidental to gastric bypass and the 50 performed subsequently as a result of it are enumerated and discussed. The findings of this investigation document the serious complications that may occur with gastric bypass. The late complications of this operation are few and trivial compared with those that occur with jejunoileal bypass [1,2,4,5,9]. PMID- 7350848 TI - Evaluation of ischemic intestine by Doppler ultrasound. AB - Intraoperative Doppler ultrasound examination of ischemic intestine was used to determine viability and to establish margins of resection, even when the findings differed from the surgeon's clinical appraisal. Ten of 25 segments in 23 patients were clinically judged nonviable, but because of arterial flow within the segments was detected by Doppler ultrasound, none was resected. The subsequent benign clinical courses of the patients demonstrated the viability of the segments. Two segments were judged clinically viable, but because Doppler signals were absent, both were resected. Histologic examination demonstrated severe ischemic changes in both segments. Nine segments were judged both by clinical criteria and by Doppler ultrasound examination to be nonviable, and all nine were resected. Histologic examination confirmed ischemia or infarction in all. Doppler ultrasound was a more reliable intraoperative predictor of viability of ischemic intestine than clinical assessment alone, and its use averted postoperative complications and unnecessary second-look procedures. PMID- 7350849 TI - Elective resection for colorectal cancer in Vermont: 1971--1975. AB - An analysis of 612 patients undergoing elective resection for colon and rectal cancer in Vermont during the period 1971 to 1975 indicates an increasing incidence of cancers of the cecum and ascending colon, an increased number of Duke's A cancers, a synchronous cancer rate of 6 percent, an overall operative mortality of 6.5 percent, a wide variance in postoperative stay and a relatively small experience per operating surgeon. Only one third of colorectal cancers can be visualized through the rigid sigmoidoscope. Better screening techniques that are simple, reliable, inexpensive and safe must be developed to locate proximal lesions before they metastasize to lymph nodes and distant sites. Further trials with stool blood testing are recommended. PMID- 7350850 TI - Anterior resection for adenocarcinoma of the distal large bowel. AB - Among 400 patients with adenocarcinoma of the distal large bowel, anterior resection resulted in more anastomotic leaks, postoperative urinary retention and diarrhea when used for lesions of the mid-rectum than when used for lesions of the proximal rectum or sigmoid colon. However, the operative mortality, long-term morbidity and 2 year survival were similar among patients with lesions at all three locations. PMID- 7350851 TI - Ureteral obstruction secondary to Crohn's disease: a need for ureterolysis? AB - A review of 2,368 patients with Crohn's disease identified 45 patients with hydroureteronephrosis treated with various medical and surgical regimens. Twenty six of 30 patients undergoing both pre- and post-treatment intravenous pyelography showed resolution of the obstructed ureter, even though ureterolysis was rarely used. PMID- 7350852 TI - Indium-111 labeled leukocytes in the evaluation of suspected abdominal abscesses. AB - Sixty-eight indium-111-labeled leukocyte imaging studies were performed in 53 patients with suspected abdominal abscesses. Twenty-nine studies gave abnoramal results. Nine wound infections were demonstrated, and 14 abscesses were correctly identified. Four studied demonstrated colonic accumulation, one of which remains unexplained, and two accessory spleens were identified. Indium-111 leukocyte imaging is a sensitive and specific study in evaluating patients with suspected abdominal abscess. Differentiation of abscess from other causes of inflammation has not been a problem. The exact role of leukocyte imaging compared with gallium 67 citrate imaging, ultrasound and computerized tomography remains to be determined. PMID- 7350853 TI - Renovascular hypertension: treatment by percutaneous transluminal dilatation. AB - Eight patients with unilateral renovascular hypertension underwent percutaneous transluminal dilatation. In seven, renal-artery stenoses were caused by atherosclerotic lesions and in one, by fibromuscular hyperplasia. After a 6-month follow-up period, three patients were cured of hypertension anf four showed improvement. Only one patient failed to respond: Failure was caused by an occluded left renal artery 3 months after the procedure. Renal angiographic studies were repeated in six patients after 6 months of follow-up and showed patent vessels in five and reoccurrence of a slight renal-artery stenosis in one. In one patient angiographic control studies done after 3 months showed an occluded renal artery. In five patients mean pressure gradient across the renal artery stenoses was 89 +/- 22.8 mm Hg before percutaneous transluminal dilatation and 16.4 +/- 18.5 mm Hg after being controlled for 6 months. Our results indicate that percutaneous transluminal dilatation may be valuable in the treatment of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7350855 TI - Nitrofurantoin and chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 7350854 TI - Balloon dilatation for renal artery stenosis causing hypertension: criteria, concerns, and cautions. PMID- 7350857 TI - Clouds. PMID- 7350856 TI - Toxicity of D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7350858 TI - Cars: personal and national catastrophe. PMID- 7350860 TI - Primary-care pathway. PMID- 7350859 TI - Risks of nuclear power. PMID- 7350862 TI - Sjogren's syndrome and mononeuritis multiplex. PMID- 7350861 TI - Marrow aplasia and sulindac. PMID- 7350863 TI - Serum aluminum and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7350864 TI - Bladder carcinoma and phenacetin. PMID- 7350865 TI - Fatal methemoglobinemia from butyl nitrite ingestion. PMID- 7350866 TI - Measles vaccination in young adults. PMID- 7350867 TI - Hypoglycemia from the inadvertent use of oral hypoglycemic agents. PMID- 7350868 TI - Chronic active hepatitis and severe hepatic necrosis associated with nitrofurantoin. AB - Nitrofurantoin has been associated with an acute hepatocellular and cholestatic injury, but only rarely with a lesion resembling chronic active hepatitis. Death from nitrofurantoin hepatotoxicity after long-term therapy has not been previously described. We report five cases of chronic active hepatitis, including two deaths, associated with nitrofurantoin and discuss previously reported cases. All of the 20 patients were women and had taken the drug from 4 weeks to 11 years. Most patients had a low serum albumin and an elevated gamma globulin; antinuclear antibody was positive in 12 patients. Eighteen patients improved clinically and biochemically when the drug was withdrawn. Cirrhosis occurred in four patients. Both of the patients who died had taken the drug for more than 1 year and had a clinical course of progressive hepatic failure. Severe hepatic necrosis was noted at autopsy in both patients. PMID- 7350869 TI - Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome with granulomatous colitis. AB - The Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome consists of tyrosine-positive albinism, a defect in the second phase of platelet aggregation, and widespread accumulation of a ceroidlike pigment in tissue. Pulmonary fibrosis has also been reported. In this paper, we describe two families with documented Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome in which four members, two from each family, developed granulomatous colitis. This adds another disease entity to those associated with this syndrome. We discuss possible connecting links between these disease expressions. PMID- 7350870 TI - Adverse effects of D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Adverse effects to D-penicillamine were studied prospectively over 3 years in 259 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ninety-five percent had had gold therapy previously, yet 70% benefited from D-penicillamine therapy. Of the 275 courses given, 160 (58%) were complicated by at least one reaction, including rashes (44%), dysgeusia (20%), gastrointestinal upset (18%), stomatitis (10%), proteinuria (7%), thrombocytopenia (3%), and leukopenia (2%). Their occurrences peaked in the first 6 months of treatment, except for proteinuria and thrombocytopenia, which peaked in the second 6 months. Reactions were commoner at daily doses above 250 mg; mean daily doses for proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia were higher (approximately 600 mg/d) than for the others (approximately 500 mg/d). Of 114 discontinued courses, 73 (27%) were due to adverse reactions. The remaining reactions were controlled by altering dosages and symptomatic treatment. Only obliterative bronchiolitis (two cases) was irreversible; it resulted in the only death in our series, possibly attributable to penicillamine. PMID- 7350871 TI - Newly acquired right bundle-branch block: The Framingham Study. AB - Cardiovascular abnormalities were identified prospectively in all 70 persons who developed complete right bundle-branch block (RBBB) in The Framingham Study during 18 years of biennial follow-up. Most were hypertensive before the appearance of RBBB. Although the initial appearance of RBBB was usually unaccompanied by overt clinical events, the subsequent incidence of coronary disease and congestive failure was two and one-half and four times greater, respectively, than that in matched control subjects without RBBB. The incidence of cardiovascular disease mortality was almost three times greater in persons who developed RBBB than in an age-matched sample of the population-at-large. This excess of cardiovascular disease mortality was related primarily to the high prevalence of associated cardiovascular abnormalities. Only 21% remained free from clinically apparent cardiovascular abnormalities. A QRS duration of greater than or equal to 130 ms and a QRS axis between -45 degrees and -90 degrees identified those most likely to have associated cardiovascular abnormalities. PMID- 7350872 TI - Glucocorticoid therapy in the preleukemic syndrome (hemopoietic dysplasia): identification of responsive patients using in-vitro techniques. AB - Bone marrow cells from 54 patients with the preleukemic syndrome were cultured in agar (granulocyte colony forming units) in the presence and absence of cortisol. Twenty-four patients were given trials of prednisone therapy after the initial culture was performed. Cortisol (in vitro) failed to enhance colony growth in 29 of these 34 cases, and none of the 29 patients responded to prednisone therapy. Cortisol enhanced colony growth in five patients and three of these responded favorably to prednisone therapy. The correlation of in-vivo with in-vitro events is significant (P less than 0.005). Glucocorticoid therapy is of value in the management of a small number of patients with the preleukemic syndrome but is hazardous in those who fail to respond. These preliminary observations suggest that bone marrow cell culture techniques may aid in the identification of those patients who will and those who will not respond favorably to such therapy. PMID- 7350873 TI - Nitrofurantoin-induced chronic active hepatitis. AB - Two patients developed a syndrome closely simulating the 'lupoid' form of chronic active hepatitis during prolonged therapy with macrocrystalline nitrofurantoin. Symptoms and biochemical indices of hepatocellular necrosis abated rapidly after discontinuation of drug therapy, but smooth muscle and antinuclear antibodies remained detectable more than 1 year later. The serologic features of the disease and a strongly positive lymphocyte transformation test in one of the patients suggest that the disorder may have been immunologically mediated. PMID- 7350874 TI - Somatostatin inhibits diarrhea in the carcinoid syndrome. PMID- 7350875 TI - Fanconi's syndrome and distal renal tubular acidosis after glue sniffing. PMID- 7350876 TI - Minimal-change disease and the nephrotic syndrome associated with lithium therapy. PMID- 7350877 TI - Reversible rapidly progressive renal failure with nephrotic syndrome due to fenoprofen calcium. PMID- 7350878 TI - UCLA conference: noninvasive assessment of myocardial function. PMID- 7350879 TI - Radiation-related thyroid dysfunction: implications for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7350880 TI - Remote hydraulic syringe actuator: its use to avoid radiation exposure during intraoperative arteriography. AB - A simple, inexpensive device consisting of a double hydraulic syringe system and a holding fixture was devised for intraoperative arteriography to avoid exposure of personnel to radiation. The procedure of intraoperative angiography has thus become safer, less time consuming, and more reliable in obtaining high-quality angiographic studies. PMID- 7350881 TI - Why recertification? PMID- 7350882 TI - Pheripheral vascular surgical education. PMID- 7350883 TI - Gastric bypass for morbid obesity: preoperative and postoperative psychological evaluation of patients. AB - Twenty consecutive patients undergoing gastric bypass for morbid obesity were evaluated psychologically preoperatively and postoperatively by Minnesota Mulitphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) assessment, a Problem Index designed for the study, and semistructured interviews. Patients were classified into categories based on the extent of psychopathology demonstrated preoperatively, and into categories based on the presence or absence of postoperative complications. Eighty percent of the patients continue to do well or improve psychologically. Patients with postoperative complications showed no significant change in psychological status. Patients who did not experience postoperative complications showed significant improvement in depression, hysteria, poor morale, psychoticism, phobias, and health concerns. Psychological changes with surgery did not correlate with weight loss. All patients with complications were unmarried and more likely to be moderately or severely disturbed on preoperative MMPI assessment. PMID- 7350884 TI - Highly selective transgastric vagotomy: preliminary report of a new procedure. AB - The technique of preservation of the antral vagal nerve supply of the stomach and division of the gastric branches of the nerves of Latarjet remains unchanged. By replacing the transection of the hiatal cardioesophageal vagus nerve branches, including the nerve branches accompanying the arteries entering the fundus of the stomach, with a transgastric intramural transection and excision of all nerve fibers entering the fundus, a highly superselective vagotomy is achieved. Completeness of this type of vagotomy is controlled intraoperatively both by a gastric pH meter and by measuring the oxygen tension of the gastric mucosa in all regions of the stomach, particularly in the fundus and the body. The decrease in oxygen tension of the gastric mucosa below and in the vicinity of the sermuscular incision was similar to that of the rest of the fundus. One year to 18 months after application of highly selective transgastric vagotomy in 74 patients with uncomplicated duodenal ulcers, the mortality was zero and the morbidity insignificant. The previous ulcer symptoms disappeared. Dumping syndrome, recurrence of the ulcer, and other important complications were not observed. Data of the basal and stimulated acid secretion during the six- to eight-month period after the operation are given. PMID- 7350885 TI - Annular pancreas: May Clinic experience from 1957 to 1976 with review of the literature. AB - From a review of 266 cases reported in the literature and data on 15 other patients operated on a the Mayo Clinic for symptomatic, annular pancreas, the following three conclusions can be made. First, annular pancreas is an uncommon congenital anomaly, often not becoming symptomatic until late life. Second, complicating congenital and acquired disorders must be recognized it patients are to be properly prepared for surgery. Sometimes associated problems may be recognized, whereas the annular pancreas may be overlooked. The change of this happening is decreased by methodical inspection of the entire abdomen, especially all segments of the duodenum, because annuli can occur in any segment and can be partially or completely circumferential. Third, while there is no single operative procedure of choice, published experience militates against any direct attack on the offending annulus. PMID- 7350887 TI - Cholesterol cholelithiasis in adolescent females: its connection with obestiy, parity, and oral contraceptive use--a retrospective study of 31 cases. AB - Thirty-one adolescent females, aged 14 to 20 years, underwent cholecystectomy for pathologically documented cholesterol gallstones. A retrospective study, using the Mantel-Haenzel method of statistical analysis, showed a strong association between cholesterol cholelithiasis and obesity and parity. The patients with gallstones had a higher rate of oral contraceptive use, which just failed to attain statistical significance. These findings indicate that adolescent cholelithiasis is largely preventable. Dietary obesity can be controlled by balanced diets and physical exercise. Early pregnancy should be discourgaed, espeically if there is a strong family history of cholelithiasis and if weight control is unsuccessful. Oral contraceptives should be used cautiously in the presence of other predisposing factors. PMID- 7350886 TI - Emergent or elective operation for symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm. AB - The patient with the symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) presents a management dilemma, ie, emergent, urgent, or elective operation. The mortality for 38 patients with a ruptured AAA prior to 1972 was 61%. That year, a policy of immediate operation was instituted for patients with symptoms that might be referable to a ruptured AAA. It is concluded that an immediate operation on the patient with a symptomatic but intact AAA resulted in an excessively high mortality. Thus, the indications for an immediate operation on these patients should be based on clinical judgment; attempting to differentiate between the patient with the ruptured and the patient with the intact aneurysm. Hemodynamic data (blood pressure hematocrit reading) suggesting a decrease in blood volume dictate an immediate operation. An urgent operation on the well-prepared patient should be performed on all patients with a symptomatic aneurysm in which the clinical and hemodynamic findings do not suggest that it has ruptured. PMID- 7350888 TI - Electronic flow control and roller clamp control in intravenous therapy: a clinical comparison. AB - In a prospective clinical study, an electronic intravenous (IV) rate controller was compared with a standard roller clamp for control of IV infusions. The electronic IV rate controller was associated with fewer complications and more accurate fluid therapy than was the roller clamp. There was also a substantial savings of nursing time and a potential for cost savings when the electronic IV rate controller was used. PMID- 7350889 TI - Colonic ganglioneuroma. AB - Ganglioneuromas are neuroectodermal tumors that are found in diverse anatomic sites, but they are very uncommon in the colon. We observed a patient with partial colonic obstruction whose roentgenogram had a napkin-ring construction that was thought to be carcinoma. On resection, pathologic examination showed a ganglioneuroma. Mesenchymal neoplasms of various histologic types occur thoughout the gastrointestinal tract. Neurogenic tumors are not uncommon in Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis and multiple mucosal neuroma syndrome, but solitary lesions unassociated with these conditions are rare. To our knowledge, this complication in the colon is only the second such reported case. We believe that this case is noteworthy because of its clinical and roentgenographic resemblance to carcinoma. PMID- 7350890 TI - Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis in children after repair of congenital duodenal anomalies. AB - Duodenal surgery, particularly the correction of duodenal anomalies, may be associated with an increased incidence of subsequent cholelithiasis and cholecystitis in children. We review the case histories of two children. Each child experienced acute cholecystitis with gallstones nine years after the correction of duodenal anomalies (annular pancreas, duodenal stenosis) in the neonatal period. At reoperation, intense fibrosis was noted in the hepatoduodenal area, while cholangiography demonstrated abnormalities of the common hepatic and common bile ducts. These cases suggest that the correction of duodenal anomalies may favor the subsequent development of gallstones in children. Fibrosis may have compressed the common bile duct, with stasis permitting gallstone formation. Intrinsic bile duct abnormalities, which may accompany duodenal anomalies, could also play a role. Thus, a history of previous duodenal surgery in a child with abdominal pain may strengthen a tentative diagnosis of cholecystitis. Also, at the time of exploration, the surgeon should be alert to the possibility of biliary tract abnormalities. PMID- 7350891 TI - Segmental tuberculosis of the colon mimicking carcinoma. AB - Tuberculosis of the distal colon occurring in the absence of ileocecal or pulmonary involvement is often mistaken for neoplasm or Crohn's disease. In spite of various studies, including colonoscopy and brushings with biopsy, the diagnosis might still be in doubt at the time of operation. The combined approach of surgery and chemotherapy appears to be the treatment of choice, especially in those patients who have bleeding and/or obstruction in whom the diagnosis cannot be made by other modalities. PMID- 7350893 TI - Spigelian hernia: an ultrasonic diagnosis. PMID- 7350892 TI - Hepatic artery ligation for delayed hepatic hemorrhage. AB - Selective hepatic artery ligation (SHAL) was successfully employed to control delayed massive hepatic hemorrhage in two patients. Preoperative arteriography in one patient identified an anomalous origin of the right hepatic artery and facilitated SHAL. PMID- 7350894 TI - Esophageal leiomyoma first seen as a superior mediastinal mass. PMID- 7350895 TI - Failure of immunosuppression to prolong venous allograft survival. AB - The role of allograft veins in vascular reconstruction remains ill defined. The present experiment was undertaken to evaluate the role of immunosuppression in maintaining allograft patency in the canine femoral venous circulation. Twenty seven mongrel dogs had segments of both femoral veins excised and each dog received one allograft and one autograft. The dogs were randomly assigned to a control group or to one of three treatment regimens of azathioprine. Low doses of azathioprine were of no benefit in improving patency of venous alografts. Microscopic evaluation of these grafts suggests that substantial intimal repopulation by host cells occurs by six to eight weeks in the canine model. Other methods of preserving patency until intimal repopulation occurs deserve further investigation. PMID- 7350896 TI - Computerized tomographic enhancement patterns in cerebral infarction. AB - Intravenous contrast computerized tomography (CT) was performed in 200 patients with cerebral infarction. Of 100 patients who had CT performed after bolus injection of 50 mL of 60% iodinated contrast material, enhancement was seen in five (5%). This compared with enhancement seen in 65% of patients with cerebral infarction studied after drip infusion of 300 mL of 30% iodinated contrast material. The enhancement occurred between the end of the first week and and the end of the fourth week after development of neurological abnormalities. Follow-up CT showed disappearance or marked reduction in the intensity of enhancement within 21 days of the initial CT study. Peripheral ring or diffuse enhancement were nospecific, but certain patterns were highly specific for infarction and included dense enhancement within deep nuclear gray matter (putamen, caudate, thalamus) and tubular-shaped or gyral enhancement with intervening low-density portions and minimal or no mass effect. Cerebral infarction was confirmed in all cases by clinical course, angiography, or subsequent CT. PMID- 7350897 TI - The clinical and pathological spectrum of brain-stem vascular malformations. Long term course stimulates multiple sclerosis. AB - Three cases of brain-stem vascular malformation with progressive and fluctuating clinical courses of longer than one year were studied. One patient with a rare brain-stem arteriovenous malformation lived for 20 years with symptoms notably similar to those of multiple sclerosis (MS). One case each of cavernous hemangioma and capillary telangiectasis are also described. The clinical, roentgenographic, and pathologic features of these three cases plus 18 other cases of brain-stem vascular malformations from the literature, with progressive or intermittent clinical courses and with survival of longer than one year from the onset of symptoms, are reviewed. Since nearly all of these cases were once mistakenly diagnosed as MS, a diagnostic approach is proposed to help distinguish brain-stem vascular malformations from MS prior to an obvious subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 7350898 TI - Comparison of the pattern and diffuse-light visual evoked responses in definite multiple sclerosis. AB - We prospectively studied 100 patients with "definite" multiple sclerosis to determine which of three methods of stimulation most consistently had results that disclosed abnormalities in the visual evoked response when they were compared with those from normal controls. The three methods were diffuse flashes of light, intermittent reversing pattern, and constant luminous but reversing pattern. The most sensitive indicator of abnormality of the visual evoked response was the latency of the major occipital positive peak. Virtually no difference was evident between the results from the two methods of pattern stimulation. Of only slightly less sensitivity was the latency of the major positive peak with diffuse-light stimulation, and this showed a prolonged latency in a greater number of patients when visual acuity was poor. Abnormalities of latency of the first negative peak and of amplitude were not related to the clinical expression of the multiple sclerosis, whether relapsing, progressive, or relapsing and progressive. PMID- 7350899 TI - Fortuitously discovered intracranial aneurysms. AB - A series of ten patients had 12 intracranial aneurysms fortuitously discovered during roentgenographic investigation for unrelated symptomatology. The benign course of these lesions during a two-year to 7 1/2-year period of observation is of interest. PMID- 7350900 TI - Benign familial neonatal seizures. AB - Five family members in three successive generations experienced convulsions as newborns. One died during a cyanotic spell. The remaining four are developmentally and neurologically normal, although three continue to have seizure disorders as adults. No underlying inborn error of metabolism has been identified. This family appears to have a familial epilepsy beginning at birth that is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. PMID- 7350901 TI - Cholinomimetics and memory. The effect of choline chloride. AB - Young normal subjects received 16 g of choline chloride in a double-blind A-B-A design. Short- and long-term memory function was evaluated. Comparison of group means indicated that choline chloride did not significantly affect short-term memory or long-term memory. However, individual subjects may have had some aspects of long-term memory affected by choline chloride treatments. The results suggest that the effect of lower doses of choline on long-term memory should be evaluated. PMID- 7350902 TI - Poliomyelitis-like syndrome associated with asthma. A case report and review of the literature. AB - A 5-year-old asthmatic boy had flaccid monoplegia six days after an asthma attack. A similar association has been reported in 13 previous cases. However, to our knowledge, this is the first report from the American continent. This syndrome has a poor prognosis and can be confused with poliomyelitis. The localizing effect of abnormal inspiratory-biceps synkinesis may be important. PMID- 7350903 TI - Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery. Its conservative management with heparin sodium. AB - A case of dissection of the internal carotid artery was managed by the use of heparin sodium. Angiographic studies on the 11th and 21st hospital days demonstrated the importance of at least three weeks of heparin therapy and the value of subsequent angiographic examinations. PMID- 7350904 TI - Holoprosencephaly. Computerized tomographic and pneumographic findings with anatomic correlation. AB - This report describes the computerized tomographic, pneumoencephalographic, and anatomic findings in a case of holoprosencephaly. Computerized tomography is suggested as the most accurate diagnostic method in defining the nature and extent of those anomalies related to the failure of cleavage of the prosencephalon. The value of this method in detecting less severely affected family members is evident. PMID- 7350905 TI - Computerized tomographic findings in neuro-Behcet's disease. AB - Exacerbations of neurologic deficit in a patient with neuro-Behcet's disease were accompanied by a contrast-enhancing lesion on cerebral computerized tomography. Such lesions are consistent with the histopathologic findings in neuro-Behcet's disease, and can increase the clinical suggestion of the diagnosis in patients whose first symptoms are restricted to the nervous system. PMID- 7350906 TI - Metastatic infiltration of nerves in the cavernous sinus. AB - Painful dysesthesia in association with ocular motor palsies characterized intraneural carcinomatous invasion in a 48-year-old man. Transcranial biopsy of the cavernous sinus stopped the pain; the specimen confirmed the diagnosis and provided the rationale for radiation therapy. One year after treatment, the patient was healthy and pain-free, with improved ocular motor function. The source of the carcinoma remains unknown. PMID- 7350907 TI - Imitating gestures. A quantitative approach to ideomotor apraxia. AB - The ability to carry out movements on imitation was assessed with a 24-item test in uniterally hemisphere-damaged patients. On the basis of a cutoff score derived from the performances of 100 control patients, 20% of the right brain-damaged patients were calssified as apraxic. Most right brain-damaged patients were only mildly defective, but a few showed a striking impairment. In left brain-damaged patients apraxia was not only more frequent, but also much more severe and was nearly always associated with aphasia. However, the correlation between the motor and the language disorder was not particularly high, and the link between the two symptoms was thought to be dependent on the contiguity of the underlying nervous structures. PMID- 7350908 TI - Regulating abortion services. PMID- 7350909 TI - Purification and properties of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+/NAD+) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (NADP+/NAD+) from methanol-grown Pseudomonas C. AB - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glucose-6-phosphate:NADPH+ 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-phospho-D-gluconate:NADP+ 2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1943) have been purified from methanol-grown Pseudomonas C. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase exhibits activity with either NADP+ or NAD+ as coenzymes, V NADP+ = 0.96 V NAD+.Km values of 22, 290, and 250 microns are obtained for NADP+, NAD+ and glucose 6-phosphate (NADP+ as the coenzyme), respectively. ATP inhibits Glc-6P dehydrogenase activity with NAD+ as coenzyme and to a less extent the activity with DANP+. In the presence of MgCl2, ATP inhibition of Blc-6P dehydrogeanse activity is abolished. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase has a dual specificity for both NADP+ or NAD+ as coenzymes, V NADP+ = 1.66 V NAD+.Km values of 20, 500 and 100 microns are obtained for NADP+, NAD+ and 6-phosphogluconate (NADP+ as the coenzyme), respectively. With NAD+ as the coenzyme ATP inhibits 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogeanse activity, while with NADP+ as the coenzyme, activity was less affected. The possible role of these enzymes in the metabolism of one-carbon (C1)-compounds in Pseudomonas C is discussed and compared with other methylotrophic microorganisms. PMID- 7350910 TI - The formation of hydrogen cyanide from histidine in the presence of amino acid oxidase and peroxidase. AB - Conditions were sought to increase the yield of HCN from L-histidine incubated with L-amino acid oxidase (L-amino acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC 1.4.3.2) from snake venom, and horseradish peroxidase (donor:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7). Small amounts of histidine and high buffer concentrations favored high HCN yields, which reached a maximum of 72%. Imidazole 4-aldehyde and imidazole 4-carboxylic acid were identified among the reaction products, together with CO2, NH3, H2O2 and imidazole acetic acid. The CO2 formed was equal to the histidine oxidized, and to the sum of NH3 plus HCN formed. The production of HCN was associated with an increased O2 uptake, which was established from the beginning of the reaction, with no apparent lag and ranged from 1.2 to 1.6 mumol extra O2 taken up/mumol HCN formed. The system was inhibited by catalase, but added superoxide dismutase caused a small stimulation of both HCN production and O2 consumption, and a larger stimulation of H2O2 accumulation. Added hydroxylamine was cooxidized to nitrite in an amount equimolar with the HCN formed. This nitrite formation was inhibited by superoxide dismutase. The facts could be interpreted in terms of superoxide anion formation during the HCN-producing reaction. cytochrome c, heme, or ferricyanide could be substituted for peroxidase, but were less effective. The initial rates of HCN formation from phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan were higher, but the eventual yields of HCN from these amino acids were lower than those from histidine. PMID- 7350911 TI - Concentration of skeletal and cardiac muscle pyruvate kinase determined by specific radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7350912 TI - Studies on the substrate specificity of a carboxyl ester hydrolase from human pancreatic juice. I. Action on carboxyl esters, glycerides and phospholipids. AB - Purified carboxyl ester hydrolase (carboxylic-ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.1) from human pancreatic juice was found to hydrolyze triacetin, methyl butyrate and glycerides solubilized by bile salts. It has no activity on substrate presented as emulsoin or monomolecular films. The human enzyme was found to deacylate phospholipids and lysophospholipids at different rates. The hydrolysis of short chain phosphatidylcholines was dependent of substrate solubility and dioctanoyl phosphatidylcholine was deacylated with the highest rate. Long-chain phosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylcholines present in microsomal membranes were deacylated with very low rates, only lysophosphatidylcholine deacylation was faster. Evidence is presented that human carboxyl ester hydrolase is the lyophosphatidyl-choline-hydrolyzing enzyme corresponding to bovine lysophospholipase. Bile salts play an important part on the activity of human carboxyl ester hydrolase, in addition to the role of detergent that they have on insoluble substrates. PMID- 7350913 TI - Studies on the substrate specificity of a carboxyl ester hydrolase from human pancreatic juice. II. Action on cholesterol esters and lipid-soluble vitamin esters. AB - Evidence is presented that human carboxyl ester hydrolase (carboxylic-ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.1) is able to hydrolyze cholesterol esters and lipid-soluble vitamins A, D-3 and E esters. Those activities require the presence of bile salts and the 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxylated bile salts have been found the most efficient activators. The results presented in this paper and in the preceding one suggest the existence of two sites of bile salts recognition. One site, specific of the 3 alpha, 7 alpha-hydroxyl group of cholanic acid would induce dimerization and activation of the enzyme. The other site, unspecific towards bile salts hydroxylation would be located at the active center and would be implicated in substrate recognition. PMID- 7350914 TI - Purification and characterization of mouse liver glyoxalase II. AB - Glyoxalase II (S2-hydroxyacylglutatione hydrolase, EC 3.1.2.6) was purified from Swiss mouse liver to homogeneity by a rapid, two-step affinity chromatographic scheme. Homogeneity was established by multiple electrophoretic determinations. The purified enzyme exhibited a specific activity of 920 I.U./mg protein and has a molecular weight of approx. 29 500 as estimated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme is a basic protein with a pI of approx. 8.1. Mouse liver glyoxalase II is competitively inhibited by the substrate of glyoxalase I (the hemimercaptal of methylglyoxal and glutathione); the Ki is 0.3 mM. The Km for S-D-lactoylglutathione is 0.27 mM, and the enzyme has a turnover number of approx. 27 000 mumol substrate per min per mumol enzyme. PMID- 7350915 TI - Some kinetic properties of human red cell uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. AB - Several kinetic properties of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (uroporphyrinogen III carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.37) from human hemoglobin-free hemolysates were studied, using substrates of both isomeric series I and III (uroporphyrinogen, hepta and pentacarboxyl porphyrinogens). Enzyme affinity for series II isomers was always found to be higher than for corresponding series I isomers. Mixed substrate experiments using porphyrinogen (both labelled with 14C and unlabelled) showed: (a) a reciprocal inhibition of decarboxylation of series III porphyrinogens by series I porphyrinogens with the same number of carboxylic groups; (b) no inhibition of hepta- and pentacarboxylic series III porphyrinogens decarboxylation by uroporphyrinogen III. It is demonstrated that porphyrinogens of both isomeric series with the same number of carboxylic groups are decarboxylated at the same active center; in contrast, the sequential decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen III to coproporphyrinogen III occurs at four different active centers. Relationship between the kinetic properties of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase and biological data of porphyria cutanea are discussed. PMID- 7350916 TI - Tetrahydropterolypolyglutamate derivatives as substrates of two multifunctional proteins with folate-dependent enzyme activities. PMID- 7350917 TI - Effect of C1-inhibitor, benzamidine, and heat treatment on the hydrolytic activity of a subcomponent of the first component of human complement, C1s. PMID- 7350918 TI - The quaternary structure of carp muscle aklaline protease. PMID- 7350919 TI - Bovine plasma amine oxidase interactions with concanavalin A in solution and with concanavalin A-Sepharose. AB - The reaction of bovine plasma amine oxidase, a glycoprotein, with Concanavalin A in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 at 25 degrees C were investigated by equilibrium and kinetic methods. A tentative mechanism for the reaction was derived. The Concanavalin A-enzyme interaction was used to show that the carbohydrate is not essential for activity and that the carbohydrate is covalently attached to the protein at a site distant from the active site. Concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography of the enzyme was found to be useful for obtaining the pure enzyme. Chromatographic conditions which elute the enzyme are reported. The superiority of the Concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B over that of the substrate-affinity Sepharose affinity support is discussed. The phenylhydrazone derivative of the enzyme, which was inactive, was shown to bind to the concanavalin A-Sepharose column. PMID- 7350920 TI - The distribution of collagen:glucosyltransferase in human blood cells and plasma. AB - Collagen:glucosyltransferase (UDP-glucose:5-hydroxylysine-collagen glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.66) present in platelets, plasma, granulocytes and lymphocytes has been compared in order to determine whether the platelet enzyme has unique properties or distribution which would support a possible role in platelet-collagen interaction. The enzyme was purified 5400-fold from human plasma and 4400 from human platelets. The two enzymes were similar in terms of Km values for reacting with galactosylhydroxylysine (2.75 mM) and UDPglucose (7.4 microM), optimal Mn2+ concentration (10--15 mM) and pH optimum (7.0). The enzyme was not detectable in red cells. As in platelets, the enzyme was detected in membrane-bound and soluble forms in lymphocytes and granulocytes. Identical mobilities were obtained after elution following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the enzymes from plasma, platelets, granulocytes and lymphocytes. These studies do not support a unique role for the collagen:glucosyltransferase of platelets in platelet-collagen interaction. PMID- 7350921 TI - The glutathione peroxidase activity of glutathione S-transferases. AB - Glutatione transferases (RX:glutathione R-transferases, EC 2.5.1.18) B and AA were purified from rat liver to investigate the mechanism for their apparent GSH peroxidase activity (GSSG formation). Both transferases catalyze an overall reaction in which loss of cumene hydroperoxide is accompanied by a stoichiometric increase in GSSG. Inclusion of cysteamine, a thiol, results in a reduction of GSSG formation but has no effect on hydroperoxide loss. Cysteamine does not inhibit the transferase-catalyzed conjugation of GSH and 1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene. Peroxidase reactions carried out in the presence of cyanide, another nucleophile, also result in a reduction of GSSG formation without altering the rate of cumene hydroperoxide loss; cyanide does not inhibit transferase activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Both cysteamine and cyanide are capable of blocking GSSG formation in the non-enzymic oxidation of GSH by hydrogen peroxide without blocking H2O2 loss. These results are consistent with a mechanism for GSH transferases in which nucleophilic attack by GS- on hydroperoxide results in a reactive intermediate, presumably the sulfenic acid of glutathione, GSOH. GSH + ROOH in equilibrium GSHO + ROH (1) This sulfenic acid then reacts non-enzymically with GSH to produce GSSG. GSOH + GSH in equilibrium GSSG + H2O (2) The summing of Reactions 1 and 2 explains the observed stoichiometry. Cysteamine and cyanide can compete with GSH for the sulfenic acid in Reaction 2, thus reducing GSSG formation. Thios. PMID- 7350922 TI - Carbohydrate breakdown by chloroplasts of Pisum sativum. AB - 1. The aims of this work were to discover the pathways of starch breakdown and carbohydrate metabolism in intact isolated chloroplasts from shoots of Pisum sativum. 2. 14C from starch, labelled by supplying [14C]glucose to chloroplasts, appeared, during starch breakdown, in CO2, maltose and the fraction of the acidic compounds that contained 3-phosphoglycerate and sugar phosphates. 3. When intact chloroplasts were incubated in the dark, 3-phosphoglycerate, triose phosphates and, to a lesser extent, hexose 6-phosphates accumulated in the medium at rates comparable to those of starch breakdown in leaves. This accumulation was dependent upon orthophosphate. 4. The patterns of 14CO2 production from specifically labelled [14C]glucose supplied to isolated chloroplasts were those expected of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway with extensive recycling, and glycolysis. The respone of this pattern to lack of orthophosphate, addition of unlabelled intermediates, and 2-phosphoglycollate confirmed this view. 5. Starch breakdown in pea chloroplasts is held to be dominantly phosphorolytic with the products being metabolized via the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis to 3-phosphoglycerate, triose phosphates and CO2 that are exported to the cytoplasm. PMID- 7350923 TI - The mechanism of estrogen-induced increase in hyaluronic acid biosynthesis, with special reference to estrogen receptor in the mouse skin. AB - The increase in hyaluronic acid and water contents induced by estradiol treatment in the mouse skin was dependent on dose and the number of treatments of estradiol. The anti-estrogen administered together with estradiol blocked the increase in hyaluronic acid content produced by treatment with estradiol alone. It was suggested that the anti-estrogen may act as an antagonist by competing for the cytoplasmic estrogen receptor on increase in hyaluronic acid synthesis. It was observed that the sensitivity in increase in hyaluronic acid biosynthesis by estradiol was related to the age of the mouse and the content of the cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in the mouse skin. It was suggested that there was a possible relationship between the increase in hyaluronic acid and cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in the mouse skin. PMID- 7350924 TI - Somatomedin-like bioactivities of a growth hormone fragment on embryonic chick cartilage and cultured human fibroblasts. AB - Somatomedins are growth hormone-dependent peptides which appear to mediate many of the effects of growth hormone in vivo. These peptides are commonly assayed by their enhancement of proteoglycan sulfation in cartilage (or fibroblasts). We now report that fragment A-II (bovine growth hormone, 96--133) stimulates sulfation in chick embryonic cartilage and cultured fibroblasts. Enhancement of fibroblast proteoglycan sulfation by fragment A-II was log-dose dependent with maximal stimulation at 10(-8) M. The 25--100% maximal enhancement by fragment A-II was similar to that reported with a preparation of somatomedin A (Wasteson, A., Uthne, K., Westermark, B. (1973) Biochem. J. 136, 1069--1074). Sulfation of chick cartilage, in the presence of both serum (hypopituitary human) and fragment A-II was greater than the sum of the effects of each substance tested separately. Fragment A-II was tested between 10(-12) and 10(-8) M; maximal stimulation occurred at 5 . 10(-11) M. To our knowledge, no other growth hormone fragment has yet been shown to possess these somatomedin-like bioactivities. Our results suggest that fragment A-II may be very useful as a model peptide to study the actions and mechanism of naturally occurring sometomedins. PMID- 7350925 TI - Characterization of specific binding sites for vasoactive intestinal peptide in rat intestinal epithelial cell membranes. AB - Specific binding sites for vasoactive intestinal peptide were characterized in plasma membranes from rat intestinal epithelial cells. At 30 degrees C, the interaction of 125I-labelled peptide with intestinal membranes was rapid, reversible, specific and saturable. At equilibrium, the binding of 125I-labelled peptide was competitively inhibted by native peptide in the 3 . 10(-11)--3 . 10 (7) M range concentration. Scatchard analysis of binding data suggested the presence of two distinct classes of vasoactive intestinal peptide binding sites: a class with a high affinity (Kd = 0.28 nM) and a low capacity (0.8 pmol peptide/mg membrane protein) and a class with a low affininty (Kd = 152 nM) and a high capacity (161 pmol peptide/mg membrane protein). Secretin competitively inhibited binding of 125I-labelled peptide but its potency was 1/1000 that of native peptide. Glucagon and the gastric inhibitory peptide were ineffective. The guanine nucleotides, GTP and Gpp(NH)p inhibited markedly the interaction of 125I labelled peptide with its binding sites, by increasing the rate of dissociation of peptide bound to membranes. The other nucleotides triphosphate tested (ATP, ITP, UTP, CTP) were also effective in inhibiting binding of 125I-labelled peptide to membranes but their potencies were 1/100--1/1000 that of guanine nucleotides. The specificity and affinity of the vasoactive intestinal peptide-binding sites in plasma membranes prepared from rat intestinal epithelial cells, which is in agreement with an adenylate cyclase highly sensitive to the peptide recently characterized in these membranes (Amiranoff, B., Laburthe, M., Dupont, C. and Rosselin, G. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 544, 474--481) further argue for a physiological role of the peptide in the regulation of intestinal epithelial function. PMID- 7350926 TI - Steroid transformation at high substrate concentrations using immobilized Corynebacterium simplex cells. PMID- 7350927 TI - Experimental technique for multilayer enzyme immobilization. PMID- 7350928 TI - Simple device for the spectrophotometric assay of immobilized enzymes. PMID- 7350929 TI - Reactivation of "irreversibly" denaturated enzymes. PMID- 7350930 TI - Bone marrow delta-aminolaevulinate synthase deficiency in a female with congenital sideroblastic anemia. AB - Heme biosynthesis was examined in erythroid tissue of a 4-yr-old girl with severe sideroblastic anemia since infancy, as documented by the presence of intramitochondrial deposits of iron in erythroblasts. Free red cell protoporphyrin, urinary porphyrins, and activities of erythrocyte porphobilinogen synthase, uroporphyrinogen 1 synthase, aspartate aminotransferase, and pyridoxine kinase were normal or increased. Bone marrow ferrochelatase activity was normal. Activity of bone marrow delta-aminolaevulinate (ALA) synthase was markedly reduced to 7 pmole ALA/10(6) erythroblasts/30 min (normal 127 +/- 29) but was enhanced fivefold by pyridoxal phosphate (normal 0%--25% increase). Therapy with oral pyridoxine and parenteral pyridoxal-5'-phosphate did not increase effective red cell production. The sideroblastic anemia in this patient appears to be related to a congenital defect in the initial step of heme biosynthesis. PMID- 7350931 TI - Methemoglobin reduction in red cells: effect of a high oxygen affinity hemoglobin. AB - Erythrocytes from heterozygous carriers of the high oxygen affinity mutant hemoglobin, Hb Wood, demonstrate lower rates of methemoglobin reduction than normal human red cells when incubated in the in vitro system of Beutler and Baluda. The rate of methemoglobin reduction in red cells from an individual who is heterozygous for both NADH-methoglobin reductase deficiency and Hb Wood shows the combined effects of the two mutations. PMID- 7350932 TI - Lipid composition of freshly prepared and stored platelet concentrates. AB - To evaluate the possibility that changes in lipid composition might be related to the functional lesion that develops when platelets are stored as concentrates for several days, we measured lipid constituents of platelets in freshly prepared concentrates and in concentrates stored for 72 hr at 4 degrees C or at 20 degrees C under standard blood banking conditions. At 20 degrees C, but not at 4 degrees C, platelets lost about 15% of total cholesterol and 7%--11% of total phospholipid. The distribution of individual phospholipids remained unchanged. This was also true of the fatty acid distribution in total phospholipids and in individual phospholipids except for a statistically significant reduction of linoleic acid (18:2) and an increase in oleic acid (18:1) in phosphatidyl inositol (PI). Platelets collected in citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) anticoagulant did not differ significantly in lipid composition from those collected in acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) anticoagulant during the period of observation. These findings do not provide a basis to suggest that functional abnormalities developing in stored platelets are related to changes in lipid composition. PMID- 7350933 TI - Hemoglobin Nigeria (alpha-81 Ser replaced by Cys):a new variant associated with alpha-thalassemia. AB - Hematologic evaluation of a Nigerian obstetrical patient disclosed the presence of sickle-cell trait as well as evidence of a hemoglobin alpha-chain abnormality. Hemoglobins containing the variant alpha-chain were isolated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, and analysis of the purified alpha-chain demonstrated a ser replaced by cys substitution at alpha-81. The abnormal alpha-chain represented approximately 45% of the total, and hemoglobins containing this alpha chain appeared to have normal stability and functional properties. In addition to the abnormal hemoglobins that were identified in this patient, she also was found to have persistent microcytosis in the absence of iron deficiency, and the percentage of HbS in her erythrocytes was less than that usually present in individuals with sickle cell trait. These findings, together with a reduced alpha/beta globin synthesis ratio from her peripheral blood reticulocytes, indicated that the presence of alpha-thalassemia trait. Hematologic findings from members of the patients's family suggest that an alpha-thalassemia gene may be linked to that of the structurally abnormal alpha-chain. PMID- 7350934 TI - Cytogenetic studies in non-African Burkitt lymphoma. AB - A particular translocation between chromosomes 8 and 14 has been found repeatedly in cytogenetic studies of Burkitt lymphoma, both of African and non-African origin. We report here our findings in cytogenetic studies of direct tumor preparations from 18 non-African Burkitt lymphoma patients, 9 of whom also had cell lines available for study. A t(8;14) was found in direct tumor material in 10 of the 18 patients. Seven of the 9 cell lines had a t(8;14). A total of 15 patients had either a t(8;14) or a 14q+ present in tumor material and/or cell lines. In addition, 8 patients had a peculiar marker chromosome 1. The t(8;14) was not found in every malignant cell and, where present, it was rarely the sole karyotypic abnormality. The relationship of the t(8;14) to the evolution of the tumor is discussed. PMID- 7350935 TI - Interaction of high molecular weight kininogen, factor XII, and fibrinogen in plasma at interfaces. AB - Using ellipsometry, anodized tantalum interference color, and Coomassie blue staining in conjunction with immunologic identification of proteins adsorbed at interfaces, we have previously found that fibrinogen is the main constituent deposited by plasma onto many man-made surfaces. However, the fibrinogen deposited from normal plasma onto glass and similar wettable materials is rapidly modified during contact activation until it can no longer be identified antigenically. In earlier publications, we have called this modification of the fibrinogen layer "conversion," to indicate a process of unknown nature. Conversion of adsorbed fibrinogen by the plasma was not accompanied by marked change in film thickness, so that we presumed that this fibrinogen was not covered but replaced by other protein. Conversion is now showen to be markedly delayed in plasma lacking high molecular weight kininogen, slightly delayed in plasma lacking factor XII, and normal in plasma that lack factor XI or prekallikrein. We conclude that intact plasma will quickly replace the fibrinogen it has deposited on glass-like surfaces by high molecular weight kininogen and, to a smaller extent, by factor XII. Platelets adhere preferentially to fibrinogen coated surfaces; human platelets adhere to hydrophobic nonactivating surfaces, since on these, adsorbed firbinogen is not exchanged by the plasma. The adsorbed fibrinogen will be replaced on glass-like surfaces during surface activation of clotting, and platelets failing to find fibrinogen will not adhere. PMID- 7350936 TI - Adherence of L1210 murine leukemia cells to sephacryl-aminopropylcobalamin beads treated with transcobalamin-II. AB - Sephacryl beads containing an immobilized aminopropylcobalamin-transcobalamin-II complex serve as foci for the adherence of L1210 murine leukemia cells. Bead-cell interaction does not occur when (A) nonderivatized beads are used; (B) transcobalamin-II is omitted or presaturated with cyanocobalamin in the preparation of the bead complex; (C) intrinsic factor replaces transcobalamin-II; and (D) the complex is removed from beads by photolysis. These observations suggest that adherence results from the ability of transcobalamin-II to form a bridge between immobilized cobalamin on the bead and receptors in the plasma membrane of the cell. PMID- 7350937 TI - Platelet production after administration of antiplatelet serum and 5 fluorouracil. AB - Although 5-fluorouracil induces relatively minimal thrombocytopenia in mice compared with antiplatelet serum, the ensuing rebound thrombocytosis is much greater. It also occurs several days later. Administration of 5-fluorouracil 24 hr after antiplatelet serum suppresses the increase in platelets produced by antiplatelet serum while the subsequent thrombocytosis is indistinguishable from that produced by 5-fluorouracil alone. It is concluded that the thrombocytosis that occurs after 5-fluorouracil originates from a class of primitive stem cells, or early megakaryocyte precursors, which are not killed by the drug. Thrombocytosis occurring after antiplatelet serum is derived from more mature precursor cells, which are sensitive to 5-fluorouracil. PMID- 7350938 TI - Anisocytosis shows difference between iron deficiency and thalassemia. PMID- 7350939 TI - Lithium therapy of canine cyclic hematopoiesis. AB - Treatment of cyclic hematopoiesis in the grey collie dog with lithium carbonate eliminated the recurrent neutropenia and normalized the other blood cell counts. These findings suggest that human cyclic hematopoiesis may be successfully treated with lithium. The effects of lithium on the monocytes, platelets, and reticulocytes, as well as the neutrophils, suggest that lithium operates on basic regulatory mechanisms affecting the most primitive hematopoietic precursor cells. PMID- 7350940 TI - Stimulation of fibrinogen synthesis: a possible functional role of fibrinogen degradation products. PMID- 7350941 TI - Red blood cell associated IgG in normal and pathologic states. AB - We studied the anti-IgG-induced agglutination of both normal and abnormal red blood cells (RBC) using a sensitive, automated antiglobulin test. Normal RBC agglutinated strongly with anti-IgG antibody, indicating that IgG was present on the erythrocyte membrane. Young RBC, recovered by centrifugation from a normal RBC population, agglutinated with anti-IgG less than the old cells, suggesting that immunoglobulin G accumulated gradually on the RBC membrane in vivo. The degree of anti-IgG-induced RBC agglutination correlated negatively with the reticulocyte count and positively with the concentration of plasma IgG. RBC from patients with hypogammaglobulinemia appeared to have a low subnormal quantity of membrane-bound IgG, whereas the reverse was the case in hypergammaglobulinemia. During hemolytic episodes, RBC of patients with hereditary spherocytosis agglutinated poorly with anti-IgG, apparently due to predominance of young RBC. RBC of patients with nonspherocytic. Coombs-negative, nonimmune hemolytic anemia usually also agglutinated poorly with anti-IgG. However, in some cases of active hemolytic anemia, decreased agglutination with anti-IgG was not observed, suggesting that these young RBC had increased amounts of membrane-bound IgG. PMID- 7350943 TI - The homing of lymphocytes. PMID- 7350942 TI - New approaches to the transfusion management of thalassemia. AB - Recent advances in the treatment of patients with thalassemia major have centered around the removal of iron from individuals already overloaded due to repeated transfusions. In this report we present therapeutic maneuvers designed to decrease the rate of iron accumulation. We demonstrate that the persistent maintenance of hematocrits above 35% ("supertransfusion") is not associated with an increased transfusion requirement because it produces a decrease in whole blood volume (21% +/- 2%). Supertransfusion is also associated with normalization or even prolongation of plasma iron turnover. In addition, we describe a method for obtaining units of blood from normal donors that contain primarily young red cells ("neocytes"). These cells have prolonged in vivo survival as measured by the interval between transfusions (30 +/- 2.5 days to 43 +/- 4.5 days) and 51Cr red cell survival (43.8 days versus 27.8 days). Supertransfusion with neocytes is effective in decreasing the rate of iron accumulation in thalassemia. PMID- 7350944 TI - Increased lymphocyte load of postcapillary venules in regional lymph nodes following stimulation with antigen -- isologous antibody complexes as compared with antigen alone. AB - In an attempt to study changing patterns of lymphocyte influx from blood into lymph nodes following regional antigenic stimulation, mice were injected with either fluid tetanus toxoid alone or complexed (at equivalence) with isologous antibody. The mean number of lymphocytes inside the basement membrane of cross sectioned postcapillary venules (PCV) was evaluated as a function of time after antigen injection. 'Lymphocyte load' of PCV (LL/PCV) began to increase within less than a day after antigenic stimulation. The initial increment of LL/PCV values in both primary and secondary responses was greater when complexed rather than fluid antigen was used. Peak values were reached earlier, i.e., at the end of day 2, in presensitized as compared with unprimed animals (day 4). Maximum values of mean LL/PCV did not reflect the magnitude of subsequent antibody production under all experimental conditions. We conclude that changes in the LL/PCV belong to early lymph node reactions following regional antigenic stimulation. The pattern of this particular response may vary according to the type of immunizing agent used and the state of immunity (sensitization) of the animal as well as other factors still to be elucidated. PMID- 7350945 TI - Changes in the erythrocytes of the developing opossum, Didelphia virginiana. AB - Changes in the erythrocyte population during postnatal development of the opossum have been studied. At birth, the red cells of the peripheral blood number less than 600,000/cmm and the characteristic erythrocyte is a large nucleated cell ('megaloblast'). These are rapidly replaced by smaller, nonnucleated cells. The results indicate that the yolk-sac period of blood formation is short and that the hepatic phase of hemopoiesis begins prior to birth. The data also suggest that megaloblasts in the opossum may be able to transform into megalocytes. PMID- 7350947 TI - Monocyte origin of Kupffer cells. PMID- 7350946 TI - Cryogenic preservation of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were frozen to --196 degrees C, thawed, and tested for functional viability using a variety of criteria, which included: qualitative and quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium assays, fluorometric membrane integrity assays, chemotactic assays, and bactericidal assay. Using these criteria, the survival of rat PMNs obtained from a glycogen-induced peritoneal wash averaged approximately 70% after thawing. The survival of PMNs obtained from rat peripheral blood was greater than 95%. Maximal survival for cryopreservation of these cells frozen in the presence of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and 5% hydroxyethyl starch was obtained when the cells were cooled at approximately 10 degrees C/min. PMID- 7350948 TI - The somatotopic organization of the nucleus raphe magnus and surrounding brain stem structures as revealed by HRP slow-release gels. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in slow-release gel was unilaterally implanted in the dorsal lateral funiculus (DLF) of either cervical, midthoracic, lumbar or sacral spinal cord levels of adult male rats. Complete mappings and cell counts were made of HRP-filled cells from the level of the rostral trapezoid body caudal to the inferior olive. Following cervical or midthoracic placements, labelled cells often formed a continuous band surrounding the medial, dorsal and lateral aspects of the ipsilateral pyramid and extending into the ventral region medial to the facial nucleus and lateral to the pyramid. It appears that this population of HRP-filled cells in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) and reticularis magnocellularis (Rmc) corresponds to the serotonergic cell group B3 of Dahlstrom and Fuxe. In lumbar and sacral cases, there was a noticeable difference both in the pattern and number of labelled cells, with fewer labelled cells and greater tendency for a 'gap' to occur in the population of cells midway over the pyramid. Based on the patterns of labelling and a review of the literature, its appears that the actual functional unit involved in the descending control of nociception may be the combined population of Rmc and NRM. PMID- 7350949 TI - Endogenous components of the striatum confer dopamine-sensitivity upon adenylate cyclase activity: the role of endogenous guanyl nucleotides. AB - Repeated washing of the particulate material from rat striatum abolishes the dopamine-sensitivity of the adenylate cyclase activity. Readdition of the soluble fraction of the caudate homogenate restores the dopamine-sensitivity to the enzyme activity. Fractions, prepared with thin layer chromatography, containing endogenous GTP and GDP also restore dopamine-sensitivity to striatal adenylate cyclase activity. The effectiveness of GDP results from its conversion to GTP during the assay; when this conversion is eliminated, GDP can specifically block the coupling between the dopamine receptor and adenylate cyclase. PMID- 7350950 TI - Long-lasting depletions of striatal dopamine and loss of dopamine uptake sites following repeated administration of methamphetamine. AB - Repeated administration of high doses of methamphetamine produced long-term decreases in dopamine (DA) levels and in the number of DA uptake sites in the rat striatum. These two effects were dose-related and did not appear to be due to the continued presence of drug in striatal tissue. Long-lasting depletions induced by methamphetamine were selective for striatal DA neurons since norepinephrine (NE) levels in all of the rat brain regions examined were not changed on a long-term basis by methamphetamine treatments. Supersensitivity of DA receptors did not accompany the loss of striatal DA and its uptake sites. PMID- 7350951 TI - Release of [14C]adenosine derivatives from superfused synaptosome preparations. Effects of depolarizing agents and metabolic inhibitors. AB - Adenine 5'-mononucleotides of synaptosome beds from guinea pig neocortex were labelled by incubation with [8-(14)C]adenosine, and excess adenosine was then removed with precursor-free medium. During continuous superfusion, labelled adenosine derivatives were released at a rate of about 0.5% of the synaptosome 14C/min and this rate was increased 2.5-fold by depolarization with 33 mM K+. Some depolarizing agents and metabolic inhibitors were examined for action on the release of [14C)-adenosine derivatives from the synaptosome preparations, and also on the rate of lactate production by these preparations, both before and during K + depolarization. The synaptosome content of adenine 5'-mononucleotides following exposure of the synaptosome beds to these compounds was also estimated. Ouabain, 0.1 mM, brought about an increase in 14C-labelled compounds output, but it caused little alteration in lactate output and some decrease in the adenylate energy charge of the synaptosomes. Veratridine, 80 microM, increased markedly both the output of radioactivity and the lactate production. Tetrodotoxin, 1 microM, when added together with veratridine, completely abolished the effect of veratridine on the efflux of [14C]adenosine derivatives, but this was not associated with a complete blockade of the output of lactate. Sodium cyanide, 2.5 mM, FCCP, 6 muM together with iodoacetate, 2.5 mM, caused an increase in the output of 14C-labelled compounds, and a decrease in the adenylate energy charge. The production of lactate was also increased by sodium cyanide and FCCP, but it was completely inhibited by iodoactate. Oligomycin, 4.65 microM, and amytal, 1 mM, added in the incubation medium before labelling the synaptosome beds with [8 (14)C]adenosine, did not affect very much the output of [14C]adenosine derivatives, while the output of lactate increased independently of the depolarization with 33 mM K+. The release of adenosine derivatives from superfused synaptosome beds induced by depolarizing agents or metabolic inhibitors did not seem to be due either to an effect of membrane permeability changes that follow a decrease of ATP supply, or to an increased metabolic rate occurring during nerve ending stimulation. It is concluded that this release of adenosine derivatives appeared to be a process triggered primarily by the influx of Na+ and the increased intrasynaptosomal calcium, and closely related to the process of neurotransmission. PMID- 7350952 TI - Somatotopic organization of climbing fiber projections from low threshold cutaneous afferents to pars intermedia of cerebellar cortex in the cat. AB - The fine detail of climbing fiber projections to large areas of the pars intermedia of lobule V was demonstrated by means of low threshold natural cutaneous stimulation. These projections formed a complex mediolateral organization of patches that were elongated in the anteroposterior direction. In general, distal forelimb was represented medially and the face represented laterally, although there were also elongated patches of cells that did not respond to any cutaneous stimulus presentation. The entire ipsilateral anterior quadrant of the body was represented in lobules Vb, c, d with the addition of face projections which extended slightly across the midline. Ipsilateral hindlimb patches were observed in lobule Va. Although the boundary between patches was quite sharp, a slight overlap of the patches within the mosaic was often observed. In these areas of overlap, some cells possessed receptive fields that encompassed, either continuously or discontinuously, cutaneous areas of both the adjacent patches. It is proposed that the cerebellar cortex could correlate event timing in the climbing fiber patches with 'on-line' information relating the parameters of movement in the granule cell parallel fiber system, and that the areas described in the present study could mediate 'spatially organized and skilled movements' in the animal's repertoire, which involve paw-face-mouth interaction, such as feeding, cleaning and grooming. PMID- 7350953 TI - A fine structural and histochemical study on the effect of kainic acid on cultured neostriatal cells. PMID- 7350954 TI - Electrophysiological examination of the ventral tegmental (A10) area in the rat. PMID- 7350955 TI - Shift-effect in the rabbit retinal ganglion cells. PMID- 7350956 TI - Time course of changes in catecholamines following right hemispheric cerebral infarction in the rat. PMID- 7350957 TI - Action of systemic apomorphine on dopamine cell firing after neostriatal kainic acid lesion. PMID- 7350958 TI - Substrate mediated regulation of phosphate-activated glutaminase in nervous tissue. PMID- 7350959 TI - Neurotoxic agents reduce retinal somatostatin. PMID- 7350960 TI - Diminished responses of nigral dopaminergic neurons to haloperidol and morphine following lesions in the striatum. PMID- 7350961 TI - Synergistic effect of prostaglandin E1 and disulfiram on the prolongation of hexobarbital hypnosis. PMID- 7350962 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): a preliminary study of reticular dendritic spines in infants with SIDS. PMID- 7350963 TI - Binaural response-specific bands in primary auditory cortex (AI) of the cat: topographical organization orthogonal to isofrequency contours. AB - The spatial distribution of neurons with different binaural response properties has been studied within the three dimensions of the primary auditory cortex (AI) in the cat. Using dichotic stimulation, 92% of neurons encountered could be classified into either the excitatory/excitatory (EE) or excitatory/inhibitory (EI) interaction class. In nearly all of almost 800 penetrations introduced along radial axes, all neurons encountered along a given penetration were of the same binaural response class. Neurons of different binaural interaction classes were spatially segregated within the plane of the cortex. Electrode penetrations made parallel to isofrequency contours traversed the mediolateral extent of AI through the middle layers of the cortex. A sharp segregation of units by binaural response class was observed in these penetrations, i.e. sequences of neurons that were all of the EE class alternated with sequences of EI neurons. The regions of uniform response to binaural stimulation formed radially organized topographical subunits that were elongated along the rostrocaudal dimension of AI. These binaural interaction bands intersect the lines of re-representation of the cochlear sensory epithelium ('isofrequency contours') and, thus, create subdivisions of AI that each contain a representation of the entire audible frequency domain. The implications of these results for the concept of AI as a unitary element in auditory processing are discussed. PMID- 7350964 TI - Hemodynamic changes in brain caused by local infusion of hyperosomolar solutions, in particular relation to blood-brain barrier opening. AB - The intracarotid infusion of hyperosmolar aqueous solutions such as urea is widely used to transiently open the blood-brain barrier in various animal species. In the present study in the rat an attempt was made to analyze the hemodynamic changes caused by the intracarotid infusions with special reference to possible mechanisms underlying the barrier opening. The cerebral blood flow (as reflected by the cerebral venous outflow rate) intracranial pressure, intracarotid pressure and systemic blood pressure were continuously measured during and following the infusions. It was found that intracarotid infusions of hyperosomolar solutions induce cerebral vasodilation and flow increase. Autoregulation is impaired. Probably, a direct vasodilator mechanism is involved but, depending on volume and osmolarity of the solution used, the changes may be heavily influenced by vascular distention due to intracarotid pressure effect, and by systemic pressure changes. These mechanisms are in common with other methods for barrier opening. The local vasomotor and systemic effects of a hyperosmolar solution of urea, capable of opening the barrier, are not normalized until about 6 min after the administration. PMID- 7350965 TI - Neurons in the dorsal rostral pons process information about changes in venous return and in arterial pressure. AB - To examine pathways in the brain stem that process information from cardiovascular receptors we tested, in cats anesthetized with chloralose/urethane, 76 neurons in the locus coeruleus and locus subcoeruleus for their response to hemodynamic perturbations. The experiments were designed to define processing of information from arterial baroreceptors and from atrial receptors. We have modified the activity of baroreceptors and/or atrial receptors using partial constriction of the supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava, with and without stabilization of arterial pressure and have modified the activity of atrial receptors directly using volume pulsation of the right atrium (+/- ml, 1 Hz, 3 min). The activity of 26 neurons increased and the activity of two neurons decreased in response to constriction of the vena cava. A quantitative analysis indicates that the behavior of these neurons is related in part to changes in arterial pressure and in part to changes in other pressures, such as atrial pressure. None of the neurons stimulated by constriction of the vena cava responded to volume pulsation of the right atrium. However, 6 of 9 responsive neurons tested responded also to contriction of the vena cava during stabilization of arterial pressure. Under this condition the neurons must be responding to changes in the activity of cardiovascular receptors other than arterial baroreceptors. The results suggest strongly that neurons in the locus coeruleus and locus subcoeruleus process information about changes in venous return and in arterial pressure. It is hypothesized that the responsive neurons may mediate changes in the release of pituitary hormones and in behavioral arousal in response to hemodynamic change. PMID- 7350967 TI - A functional sign of reorganization in the visual system of adult cats: lateral geniculate neurons with displaced receptive fields after lesions of the nasal retina. AB - High-intensity photocoagulator lesions placed nasally to the optic disc one eye destroyed all retinal layers and led to visual deafferentation of the lateral part of layer A in the contralateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of adult cats. The retino-geniculate topography was determined with vertical tungsten microelectrode penetrations through LGN layers A and A1 before and at different times after photocoagulation. Before the 20th day a border of light excitability was found in layer. A corresponding to the normal projection of the lesion onto the LGN. Deviations from the normal topographical organization were evident 30 days and later after photocoagulation. Cells were recorded within the deafferented part of layer A near to the border of deafferentiation which had receptive field (RF) centers displaced by more than two degrees of visual angle with respect to the normal retinotopy. During formation of the retinal scar no identifiable points on the retina were displaced in the same direction as the RF centers. The histological control of the retinal lesions proved that there was no potentially excitable tissue left to account for a spread of excitation into the lesion. Latency measurements after electrical stimulation of the optic tract and the visual cortex suggested a retinal input and a projection into the visual cortex for the LGN cells with displaced receptive field centers. RF center displacements up to five degrees at the border of the lesions indicated a lateral spread of excitation within the LGN up to 250 micron beyond normal. PMID- 7350966 TI - Factors that affect the uptake of ammonia by the brain: the blood-brain pH gradient. AB - The brain uptake index (BUI) for [13N]ammonia was measured in 7 areas of the rat brain at 8 different pH values ranging from 6.58 to 7.73. When the regional BUI was plotted as a function of the pH of the test bolus, a significant linear correlation was found for each region (P less than 0.001). The highest slope was observed in the thalamus-basal ganglia complex (0.392 +/- 0.018) (S.D.), and the lowest in the ventral pons (0.143 +/- 0.011). These studies indicate that the brain-blood pH gradient plays a major role in determining the forward flux of ammonia from the blood into the brain in the physiological pH range. Regional differences in the slope may be due to metabolic factors. This pH effect may be important in clinical conditions characterized by hyperammonemia such as hepatic encephalopathy, and in the interpretation of [13N]ammonia emission tomographic images of the brain. PMID- 7350968 TI - Electrophysiological studies of neurons in the ventral tegmental area of Tsai. AB - Extracellular recordings were obtained from single neurons in the ventral tegmental area of rats anesthetized with urethane. It was found that the area appeared to contain two groups of neurons with distinctly different spike durations, firing rates and firing patterns. One group (group A) had properties similar to those of nigral dopaminergic neurons: slow random firing rates, unusually long spike durations and slow conduction velocities. The discharge rate of the majority of these neurons was reduced by iontophoretically applied dopamine. It was concluded that neurons of this group were probably A10 dopaminergic neurons. The other group (group B) had relatively faster and rhythmical firing rates, short spike durations and faster conduction velocities and were considered to be non-dopaminergic. Forty-nine units in the ventral tegmental area were antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of the nucleus accumbens. Units antidromically activated included neurons of group A and group B, suggesting that the nucleus accumbens received dural projections of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic fibres from the ventral tegmental area. The discharge rate of 141 out of 142 neurons tested in the ventral tegmental area (group A: 66/66, group B: 75/76) was found to be reduced by GABA. The inhibition was blocked by the simultaneous application of picrotoxin. Picrotoxin alone activated 47.7% of 155 units tested. These results provide further evidence of a GABAergic input to dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons projecting to the limbic forebrain structures. PMID- 7350969 TI - Synapse formation in the rat superior cervical ganglion during normal development and after neonatal deafferentation. AB - Ten per cent of the adult number of synapses are present in the neonatal rat superior cervical sympathetic ganglion on day 1 (day of birth taken as day 0). Synapses are formed rapidly over the first postnatal week, and then more slowly, reaching 80% of adult numbers by the end of the third week. Adult numbers are present at the end of the third month. Prominent axosomatic synapses are present for the first two weeks of life, but disappear later. Of the adult numbers of synapses, 20-40% are already present on days 2 and 4, and transection of the preganglionic chain on these days causes disappearance of all synapses by 2 days after operation. However, by 2 months after operation the numbers of synapses are the same as in unoperated ganglia from rats of the same age. Unoccupied postsynaptic densities were not seen either in normal development or after lesions. PMID- 7350970 TI - Studies on the relationship between Ca2+ efflux from mitochondria and the release of amino acid neurotransmitters. AB - It is known that transmitter release depends upon the entry of calcium ions into the synaptic terminal. Mitochondria have been suggested to play a key role on the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, thereby influencing transmitter liberation and synaptic transmission. Here we report the stimulatory effect of DNP and FCCP, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, and quinidine, known to induce muscle contractures and increase Ca2+ efflux from muscle mitochondria, on both [14C]glutamic acid and [3H]GABA unstimulated release from synaptosomes and loss of 45Ca2+ from preloaded whole brain mitochondria. Results showed that the spontaneous efflux of non-putative neurotransmitters, leucine and alpha aminoisobutyric acid, was less affected or not stimulated at all, under similar experimental conditions. Data suggest that calcium ions released from mitochondria are able to trigger neurotransmitter release. PMID- 7350972 TI - Whole brain and regional [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin binding in developing rat. PMID- 7350971 TI - Thiamine content and turnover rates of some rat nervous regions, using labeled thiamine as a tracer. AB - The content of total thiamine radioactivity in some nervous structures and liver of the rat was determined in a steady state condition, using [thiazole-2 14C]thiamine as a tracer. The contents were analyzed by a mamillary type compartmental model which enabled us to calculate the influx and efflux fractional rate constants, turnover times, turnover rates and relative accuracy. Total thiamine turnover rates of the central nervous system regions were found to be ordered in the following sequence: cerebellum (0.55 microgram/g.h) greater than medullar and pons greater than spinal cord and hypothalamus greater than midbrain (plus thalamic area) and corpus striatum greater than cerebral cortex (0.16 microgram/g.h). Sciatic nerve turnover rate was 0.58 microgram/g.h. The turnover times were mainly between 5 and 10 h (range 2.4--16.4 h). The influx rate constants could be ordered as follows: cerebellum greater than hypothalamus, pons and medulla greater than corpus striatum, spinal cord, midbrain (plus thalamic area) and sciatic nerve greater than cerebral cortex. The results show in general a good agreement between turnover rate values and brain regional sensitivity to thiamine deficiency, the most vulnerable areas to thiamine depletion being those with the highest turnover rates. PMID- 7350974 TI - The influence of hippocampal kindling on sleep organization in cats. Effects of alpha-methylparatyrosine. AB - The effects of daily electrical stimulation of ventral hippocampus (hippocampal kingling) on the sleep-waking cycle were studied in the cat. Hippocampal kindling developed in 61 days and 4 stages according to progressive development of EEG and behavioral seizures and culminated in generalized convulsions. The 'all or none' response of Goddard was found once generalized seizures appeared. The influence of the hippocampal kindling effect on the sleep-waking cycle was investigated kindling and kindled cats. Paradoxical sleep (PS) decreased from stage 2 to stage 4. This diminution persisted even if stimulation was stopped. No significant modifications of waking (W) and slow wave sleep (SWS) occurred. A peculiar facilitation of interictal discharges by SWS was noticed. In contrast, waking and PS inhibited them. The influence of the modification of the sleep-waking cycle induced by alpha-methylparatyrosine (AMPT) known as an inhibitor of catecholamine (CA) synthesis was investigated in hippocampal kidling. Two principal results were found: (1) a PS increase during the 6 h following AMPT injection; (2) a lack or a delay of kindling in two animals which showed an increase of PS after AMPT injections. The results are discussed according to the modifications of both the sleep-waking cycle and the brain catecholamine levels secondary to AMPT treatment. PMID- 7350973 TI - The effects of sex and neonatal androgenization on thymidine kinase activity and DNA content in the cerebellum of the rat. AB - The effects of neonatally administered testosterone propionate (TP) were determined on the activity of thymidine kinase and on the content of DNA in the cerebellum of the rat during early postnatal development. Forty-eight hours after birth, female and male pups were injected s.c. with either 1.5 mg TP or an equivalent volume of vehicle. Cerebellar thymidine kinase activity and DNA content were measured at 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18 and 21 days of age. A sexual dimorphism in thymidine kinase activity was found for control rats between 6 and 18 days of age, i.e. the activity of the enzyme was significantly higher in the cerebellum of the female controls. The activity of thymidine kinase in the cerebellum of TP-treated male rats was significantly greater than that of the male controls between 4 and 21 days of age. The activity of thymidine kinase in the cerebellum of TP-treated female pups was significantly lower than that of the female controls between 6 and 12 days of age. Enzyme activity at age 15 days was the same for TP-treated and control female rats. However, thymidine kinase activity in the cerebellum of TP-treated female rats was significantly increased above that of the controls at 18 and 21 days of age. Thus, the response of the enzyme following the injection of TP 48 h after birth was sex-dependent between 4 and 15 days of age. Alterations in cerebellar DNA content in the TP-treated male and female rats closely paralleled the changes described for thymidine kinase. These data suggest sex-dependent transactions between the animal and the injection of TP as well as androgen-dependent relationships between thymidine kinase and DNA synthesis in the cerebellum. Significant changes in the Michaelis Menten constant with increasing age also suggest that the developing cerebellum contains more than one form of the enzyme. PMID- 7350975 TI - Myelinated dendrites and neuronal perikarya in the olfactory bulb of the mouse. PMID- 7350976 TI - Carotid body chemoreceptor activity as recorded from the petrosal ganglion in cats. PMID- 7350977 TI - Abnormal metabolic response to excess potassium in astrocytes from the Jimpy mouse, a convulsing neurological mutant. PMID- 7350978 TI - Tritiated odorants to monitor retention in the olfactory and vomernasal organs. PMID- 7350979 TI - The role of stretch reflexes during active movements. PMID- 7350980 TI - Selective reinnervation of hippocampal area CA1 and the fascia dentata after destruction of CA3-CA4 afferents with kainic acid. AB - Intraventricular injections of kainic acid were used to destroy the hippocampal CA3-CA4 cells, thus denervating the inner third of the molecular layer of the fascia dentata and stratum radiatum and stratum oriens of area CA1. The responses of intact afferents to such lesions were then examined histologically. The hippocampal mossy fibers densely reinnervated the inner portion of the dentate molecular layer after bilateral destruction of CA4 neurons and to a lesser extent after unilateral destruction. Septohippocampal fibers replaced CA4-derived fibers in the dentate molecular layer only after particularly extensive bilateral CA4 lesions. Medial perforant path fibers showed no anatomical response to any of these lesions. Neither septohippocampal, temporoammonic nor mossy fibers proliferated in or grew into the denervated laminae of area CA1. These results show a preferential ordering in the reinnervation of dentate granule cells which is not readily explained by proximity to the degenerating fibers and also that removal of CA3-CA4-derived innervation more readily elicits translaminar growth in the fascia dentata than in area CA1. These results may be relevant to clinical situations in which neurons of the hippocampal end-blade are lost. PMID- 7350981 TI - Substance P in the superior cervical ganglion and the submaxillary gland of the rat. AB - Substance P has been detected in the superior cervical ganglion and submaxillary gland of the rat by radioimmunoassay. Decentralization, section of the carotid sinus nerve, or deefferentation does not affect the level of substance P in the rat superior cervical ganglion. Superior cervical ganglionectomy does not affect the amount of substance P in the submaxillary gland; however, section of the chorda tympani or duct ligation significantly reduces substance P in the submaxillary gland. It is concluded that substance P in the superior cervical ganglion is not located in the preganglionic sympathetic neurons, afferents from the glossopharyngeal nerve or post-ganglionic neurons projecting to the submaxillary gland or carotid body. Substance P does not appear to be associated with sympathetic innervation of the submaxillary gland, but it is anatomically and functionally related to the chorda tympani and possibly involved in the parasympathetic innervation of the gland. Substance P may also be present in gland cells of the submaxillary gland. PMID- 7350984 TI - The effect of hypothyroidism on the onset of cochlear potentials in developing rats. PMID- 7350982 TI - Thy-1 cell surface antigen on cloned nerve cell lines of the rat and mouse: amount, location and origin of the antigen on the cells. AB - The Thy-1 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein found on a number of tissues of the rat and mouse, including neurons. The amount of this antigen has been measured on several rat and mouse clonal cell lines of nervous tissue origin. Three of the rat cell lines (clones PC12, BN1010-3, BN1010-1) were found to contain substantial amounts of the antigen, having as many as 1.6 million Thy-1 antigenic sites per cell. This amount was independent of the cell density or growth rate. Most, if not all, of the antigen is accessible to antibody binding on the external surface of the cells, and is synthesized by the cells. PMID- 7350983 TI - Central and peripheral actions of amphetamine on memory storage. AB - These experiments investigated the effects of central (intracerebroventricular) and peripheral (i.p.) posttraining administration of D-amphetamine on rat's retention of a one-trial inhibitory avoidance response. While retention was enhanced by i.p. administration (1.0 mg/kg) the central administration (dose range 50-500 microgram) did not affect retention. In rats given peripheral 6-OHDA 24 h prior to training a lower dose (i.p.) of amphetamine (0.25 mg/kg) was most effective in enhancing retention. These findings suggest that the mrmory enhancing effects of D-amphetamine are mediated at least in part through peripheral systems. PMID- 7350985 TI - Ocular dominance columns: evidence for their presence in humans. PMID- 7350986 TI - Time course of the conditioning lesion effect on axonal regeneration. PMID- 7350988 TI - Horseradish peroxidase localization of cardiac vagal preganglionic somata. AB - Cardiac vagal preganglionic somata were labeled in cats by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. The anatomical characteristics of cell bodies with axons in the left and right cervical vagi compared. HRP was injected subepicardially in three groups of pentobarbital anesthetized animals. In two test groups, injections were made after a left and right cervical vagotomy, respectively. In a control group, peripheral cardiac parasympathectomies were performed prior to HRP injection. The controls served to determine the number of somata labeled by HRP uptake via vagal fibers innervating viscera closely approximating the myocardium. After a 48 h survival period the cats were reanesthetized, perfused and fixed. Brain stems were removed, cut in the transverse or sagittal plane and developed with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine. Control cats had 6.8% the number of labeled cell bodies identified in animals with an intact vagus. Thus, few labeled somata in test cats were associated with noncardia tissue. The number, distribution and sizes of labeled cell bodies in test cats were similar. Somata were located ipsilateral to the intact vagus in three regions: the nucleus ambiguus (NA), the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN) and an intermediate zone (IZ) between the NA and DMN. The NA contained the maximum number of cell bodies while successively fewer somata were located in the DMN and IZ. Somata of the NA were heterogeneously distributed along the longitudinal neuraxis. The region of maximal cell body concentration was between 1.0 and 1.8 mm rostral to the obex. Somata of the DMN and IZ were homogeneously and sparsely distributed along the neuraxis. The long and short axes of NA somata were larger than corresponding dimensions of cell bodies in the DMN or IZ. However, the dimensions of somata in the DMN and IZ were similar. The identification of labeled cell bodies in three medullary regions and the size differences of the somata in these regions may reflect a central physiological organization of cardia vagal somata. PMID- 7350987 TI - Spinothalamic neurones in the cat: some electrophysiological observations. PMID- 7350989 TI - Tetrodotoxin-sensitive and tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels in tissue cultured spinal ganglion neurons from adult mammals. PMID- 7350990 TI - Different effects of chlorpromazine on the synthesis of proteins in cell-free systems of rat cortex, hippocampus, medulla and cerebellum. PMID- 7350991 TI - Arginine vasotocin and sleep in the rat. PMID- 7350992 TI - An analysis of mechanisms controlling the reversal of crossed spinal reflexes. AB - In acute spinal cats injected with clonidine, a noxious stimulation applied to a hindlimb may evoke in the other hindlimb an extension or a flexion response depending on whether it is respectively flexed or extended passively at the time of stimulation. The contribution of various afferents in the control of such reflex reversal was investigated. After denervation of joints, reflex reversal could still be found. Reflex reversal could be obtained in a pair of antagonist muscles whose distal tendons were cut to prevent length changes during manipulations of the whole limb. This suggests that the response in either the flexor of the extensor of one muscle pair can appear without stretch signals originating from the pair itself and can be determined by the state of stretch of other muscles acting at the same or other joints. When the whole limb was practically denervated except for one muscle pair responses were found only in the extensor muscle indicating that stretch signals from that pair alone were not sufficient to reverse the reflex pattern. After complete rhizotomy, strong responses were also observed only in extensor muscles. These results indicate that crossed extensor responses are not evoked because of interactions with afferent impulses related to the position of the limb. On the other hand, when afferents are intact and the limb extended, crossed extension can be blocked and replaced by crossed flexion. Evidence has been obtained suggesting that the stretch of flexor muscles might indeed change the pattern of crossed extension to a pattern of crossed flexion. These findings are discussed in the context of a purposeful role in posture and locomotion. PMID- 7350993 TI - An olfactory input to the hippocampus of the cat: field potential analysis. AB - Hippocampal responses to electrical stimulation of the prepyriform cortex in the cat were studied both in acute experiments under halothane anesthesia and in awake cats with chronically indwelling electrodes. Analysis of field potentials and unit activity indicated the extent to which different hippocampal subareas were activated, the laminar level at which the synaptic action took place and the dynamics of the evoked responses. It was found that: (1) the main generator of evoked responses in the hippocampus upon prepyriform cortex stimulation is localized in the fascia dentata and CA3 (CA1 pyramidal cells, and probably also subiculum cells, are activated but in a lesser degree); (2) the initial synaptic activity takes place at the most distal part of the dendrites of fascia dentata granuhat leads to a transient increase in the firing rate of the hippocampal units, which is often followed by a long-lasting decrease in firing rate. We conclude that the pathway from the prepyriform cortex via lateral entorhinal cortex to hippocampal neurons may enable olfactory inputs to effectively excite hippocampal neurons. PMID- 7350994 TI - Photically evoked potentials and afterpotentials recorded from the visual cortex of the unanesthetized hedgehog. AB - Evoked potentials to visual stimuli (VEP) were recorded from the visual cortex of the unanesthetized hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), a primitive placental mammal with relatively little differentiation of cortex and thalamus. The VEPs consisted of several distinct positive and negative voltage deflections. Reproducibility of the response was high, as indicated from the small intrasession and intersession response variability. Rhythmic afterpotentials (AP), previously reported for higher mammals, were readily elicited. They had a lower frequency (3/sec) than APs observed in other mammals. The use of the hedgehog in electrophysiological and psychophysiological research is suggested because data obtained from this primitive placental mammal may shed light on CNS functions of higher mammals, as well as mammalian forms 'lower' on the evolutionary scale. PMID- 7350995 TI - Stability of GABA levels in CSF under various conditions of storage. AB - Measurement of GABA in human lumbar CSF specimens stored under various conditions showed that the concentrations remained stable in untreated frozen specimens stored at -20 degrees C and at -70 degrees C. In untreated liquid specimens the GABA concentrations approximately doubled during 2 h at room temperature but did not change significantly during 10 min at room temperature or 2 h at 2-4 degrees C. The GABA level was stable at -70 degrees C in deproteinized specimens but doubled during 11 months of storage at -20 degrees C. The level was stable in liquid deproteinized samples for 49 h at room temperature but increased 1.3-fold and 2.0-fold in deproteinized specimens stored for 3 weeks at 2-4 degrees C and room temperature, respectively. Amino acid analyses of homocarnosine standards in 0.1 N HCl revealed a similar increase of GABA during storage at room temperature and at -20 degrees C, suggesting that at least part of the increase seen in CSF specimens might result from breakdown of GABA containing peptides. This instability of GABA level may account for some of the discrepancies among the reports of CSF GABA levels. PMID- 7350996 TI - Dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin production by an intestinal carcinoid tumor. AB - Substantial amounts of both dopamine and norepinephrine in addition to serotonin were found in a mesenteric metastasis of an ileal carcinoid tumor. Correspondingly, the norepinephrine-synthesizing enzymes were present in the tumor tissue and tyrosine hydroxylase was found in amounts substantially higher than the levels normally present in adrenal medullary cells. These findings confirm that the carcinoid tumors belong to the APUDomas and indicate that catecholamines might play an important role in the pathogenesis of the carcinoid syndrome. PMID- 7350997 TI - Elevated contents of spermidine and spermine in the erythrocytes of cancer patients. AB - Red blood cells (RBC) from 69 patients with advanced cancer and 37 healthy controls were subjected to polyamine determination by using high-performance liquid chromatography. The polyamine contents in normal human RBC were spermidine 15.04 +/- 3.63 nmol and spermine 8.82 +/- 3.12 nmol per 10(10) RBC. Spermidine and spermine levels in RBC were elevated in patients with cancer (p less than 0.005). Serial studies in seven patients with cancer indicated that both polyamines in RBC were reduced after successful surgery. Our data indicate that the determination of polyamine levels in RBC is clinically useful as a marker of disease activity in patients with cancer. PMID- 7350998 TI - Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy and lymph node involvement in mycosis fungoides. AB - Lymph node involvement in mycosis fungoides (MF) is associated with a poor prognosis, Histologically, in most cases of clinical lymphadenopathy the excised lymph node shows dermatopathic lymphadenopathy (DL). The diagnosis of MF involvement can readily be made when the lymph node tissue has partly or wholly been replaced by atypical lymphoreticular tissue. Early involvement of a dermatopathic lymph node by MF may be difficult to diagnose. A histologic study was performed on 30 lymph nodes from 24 patients with MF. Most of these lymph nodes had been excised as part of the staging procedure. The maximal follow-up period was five years. A classification of lymph node involvement into four categories is suggested and correlations with clinical courses and results of DNA cytophotometry of lymph node imprints are shown. Lymph nodes showing the histologic picture of DL can be divided into two groups: a group with MF involvement (category I) and a group with MF involvement (category II). The latter group is considered to represent early involvement of lymph nodes by MF. Partial or complete replacement of lymph node tissue by atypical lymphoreticular tissue corresponds with cagegories III and IV, respectively. PMID- 7350999 TI - Chondrosarcoma: a clinicopathologic and statistical analysis. AB - The case histories and tissue sections from 280 patients with chondrosarcoma of the bones of the limbs, limb girdles, and spinal column were studied retrospectively, and the findings were correlated with survival by actuarial methods. One hundred thirty patients with no prior treatment who underwent curative surgery were studied separately. Size and histologic grade of tumor were the most significant prognostic factors. Control of the primary lesion was found to be of critical importance; local recurrence adversely affected survival. PMID- 7351000 TI - Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia in patients with ovarian carcinoma following long term treatment with Treosulfan (= dihydroxybusulfan). AB - Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia occurred in eight women following long-term treatment with Treosulfan (= dihydroxybusulfan) for ovarian carcinoma. The leukemia developed from 21 to 58 months (median 50 months) after the institution of chemotherapy. At the time when the leukemia appeared seven of the patients were in complete, and one in partial, remission as regards the ovarian carcinoma. Seven of the eight cases of acute leukemia occurred in a series of 553 patients treated with Treosulfan for ovarian cancer in the period from 1970 to 1977 and followed closely for a total of 1159 patient-years up to February 1978. As compared with an expected number of 0.04 cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia based on patient-years, the observed seven cases correspond to a 175-times increased risk. Although the cumulative probability of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia among surviving patients at five years using life-table statistics was 7.6%, the survival curve for the 553 patients with ovarian carcinoma was only slightly affected by death from leukemia. The probability of developing acute leukemia in this study was not significantly correlated to the total cumulative dosage of Treosulfan. Cytogenetic studies of the bone marrow performed after the development of acute leukemia showed chromosome abnormalities in all five patients examined, with hypodiploidy and loss of B and C group chromosomes. PMID- 7351001 TI - Parity and prognosis in breast cancer. AB - Analysis of five-year disease-free survival rates in 608 women with operable breast cancer revealed that the reproductive history is a significant prognostic determinant. Overall parous women had a significantly higher cumulative five-year disease-free survival rate (60%), compared to the nulliparous (46%) (z = 2.5, p = 0.012). Significant differences were also noted when gravidity in addition to parity was taken as the determinant. The corresponding disease-free survival rates were 61% and 50%, respectively (z = 1.98, p = 0.048). Five-year survival rates were influenced in a similar manner by these variables but the observed differences were less significant. The trend toward higher survival rates in parous and gravidae women were noted in all tumor stages but achieved statistical significance only in stage III. The findings indicate that parity and gravidity affect not only the risk of breast cancer development but also the subsequent course of the disease. Parity seems to be a strong risk and prognostic factor than gravidity. PMID- 7351002 TI - Carcinoma arising in a choledochocele. AB - A case of carcinoma arising in a choledochocele (type III of biliary cyst in Alonso-Lej classification) in a 61-year-old woman is presented. This is the first case reported of a malignant change developing in a choledochocele. PMID- 7351003 TI - An analysis of the age distribution of colon cancer in adenomatosis coli. AB - For the purpose of elucidating the genetic and environmental interaction in human carcinogenesis, the age distribution of colon cancer in adenomatosis coli (AC) patients in Japan and England were investigated and compated. According to the multiple mutation theory of carcinogenesis, the rate of tumor production is presented by a natural logarithm of the reciprocal of the survival fraction (the proportion on diagnosed colon cancer by age t either among AC patients or total colon cancer cases), and thus is given by a power function of t. The number of hits necessary for colon cancer development in AC patients was estimated to be 4.2 or 4.4 for males and 3.4 or 3.3 for females in Japanese cases, whereas it was 4.7 or 3.9 and 3.6 or 3.2, respectively, in English cases. The estimates are compatible between countries. On the other hand, from the age specific prevalence curve, number of hits in general population was estimated to be 5.0 for both sexes in Japan, which is approximately one hit less than the values for English general population, at least in males. The present results, when taking into account the geographic and/or chronologic variations in colon cancer frequency, suggest that the etiology of colon cancer in younger patients is primarily determined by a genetic predisposition whilst environmental factors are much more influential for the development of colon cancer in older patients. PMID- 7351005 TI - Clinical experiences with intraoperative radiotherapy of locally advanced cancers. AB - Clinical results of intraoperative radiotherapy in neoplasms of the stomach, colon, pancreas, biliary tract, bladder, prostate, lung, mediastinum and brain, and soft-tissue sarcomas are reported. After resectable lesions were removed at surgery, residual cancer nests were sterilized by irradiation before surgical closure. Since the lesion can be exposed directly to radiation and sensitive normal structures are positioned outside the treatment volume, a cancerocidal dose can be safely and precisely delivered to the cancer without affecting normal structure. The great advantage of the intraoperative electron beam therapy lies in the treatment of radioresistant tumors and lesions located near radiosensitive organs. Several patients with unresectable tumors were treated by the intraoperative technique and are alive after more than 5 years. PMID- 7351004 TI - Treatment of gram-positive septicemia in cancer patients. AB - Seventy-eight pediatric cancer patients were treated for gram-positive bacterial septicemia during a 10-year period (1968-1977). Sixty-one (78%) of the patients were granulocytopenic (PMNs less than 500/mm3) at the onset of the septic episode. All the patients whose granulocytopenia resolved (PMNs greater than 500/mm3) within one week of therapy recovered without sequelae. However, 7 of 15 patients (47%) who remained granulocytopenic for more than 7 days and who were treated with a single antibiotic developed a second sepsis with a gram-negative organism. In contrast, second infections were not observed in 24 patients with PMNs less than 500/mm3 for more than 7 days who were treated with broad spectrum antibiotics (p less than 0.002), suggesting that a broad-spectrum antibiotic regimen may be preferable when a cancer patient has prolonged granulocytopenia. PMID- 7351006 TI - Breast thermography and cancer risk prediction. AB - Thermography makes a significant contribution to the evaluation of patients suspected of having breast cancer. The obviously abnormal thermogram carries with it a high risk of cancer. This report summarizes the results of patients with questionable or stage Th III thermograms. From approximately 58,000 patients, most of whom had breast complaints, examined between August 1965 and June 1977, the conditions or a group of 1,245 women were diagnosed at initial examination as either normal or benign disease by conventional means, including physical examination, mammography, ultrasonography, and fine needle aspiration or biopsy, when indicated, but nevertheless categorized as stage Th III indicating a questionable thermal anomaly. Within five years, more than a third of the group had histologically confirmed cancers. The more rapidly growing lesions with shorter doubling times usually show progressive thermographic abnormalities consistent with the increased metabolic heat production associated with such cancers. Thermography is useful not only as a predictor of risk factor for cancer but also to assess the more rapidly growing neoplasms. PMID- 7351007 TI - Cytochemistry of hairy cells. PMID- 7351008 TI - Myeloproliferative syndrome with sideroblastic anemia and acquired hemoglobin H disease. AB - Hemoglobin H disease usually occurs as a result of inheritance of the genes for alpha thalassemia; however, occasionally patients acquire hemoglobin H in association with hematologic malignancy. This report concerns a 63-year-old Filipino man with a myeloproliferative syndrome with marked thrombocytosis and apparently acquired hemoglobulin H disease. The patient had hemolytic anemia, dimorphic red blood cells (RBC) and abundant ringed sideroblasts in the marrow. The peripheral blood contained 27% hemoglobin H and about two-thirds of his RBC had hemoglobin H inclusion bodies. There was no previous history of anemia or evidence of thalassemia in two siblings or nine adult children of the patient. In vitro studies of globin chain synthesis documented markedly decreased production of alpha globin with alpha/beta biosynthetic ratios of 0.05 in peripheral blood reticulocytes and 0.10 in bone marrow cells. The relative concentration of mRNA for alpha globin was approximately 20-fold less than that of beta globin, apparently accounting for the deficiency in alpha globin synthesis. PMID- 7351009 TI - The effect of lithium carbonate on lymphocyte, granulocyte, and platelet function. AB - Lithium affects an increase in granulocyte counts in humans and has been promoted in the treatment of granulocytopenia and as adjuvant cancer chemotherapy to reduce the incidence of bacterial infections. In this study, eight healthy volunteers were studied by means of a panel of quantitative and cellular function tests before and after a seven-day course of lithium carbonate. Granulocyte, lymphocyte, and platelet function was assessed by the test panel. This panel included T cell and B cell enumeration, lymphocyte transformation to a number of mitogens and antigens, phagocytic and bactericidal activities of peripheral leukocytes, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction, chemotaxis, chemiliminescence, platelet aggregation studies, and Ivy bleeding time. The was a significant reduction in bactericidal capacity (p less than 0.005) and a significant reduction in lymphocyte response to PPD (p less than 0.01). Although lithium increase the granulocyte count, the reduction in bactericidal capacity of granulocytes may reduce the beneficial effect of the granulocytosis. Prospective clinical studies are indicated to assess the clinical efficacy of the drug. PMID- 7351010 TI - Pulmonary toxicity of mitomycin. AB - Six patients with breast cancer developed pulmonary toxicity following mitomycin therapy. The presenting symptoms were shortness of breath and a dry cough. The radiological pictures varied from a normal chest x-ray to extensive bilateral pneumonitis. The histological findings consisted of diffuse alveolar damage progressing to interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Corticosteroid therapy resulted in complete resolution of pneumonia in one patient. Respiratory symptoms improved in 3 patients following discontinuation of the drug. Two patients with extensive bilateral pneumonitis, who were not treated with steroids, died of respiratory failure. Mitomycin-induced lung toxicity appears to be reversible with the discontinuation of drug and the administration of corticosteroids. Lung biopsy is necessary in order to rule out other diagnoses. PMID- 7351011 TI - The histology of the initial relapse of Hodgkin's disease. AB - The histology of relapsing Hodgkin's disease was compared with that of the original diagnostic biopsy in 56 patients. A criterion for inclusion in this study was relapse in an untreated site, thereby excluding all patients initially treated with chemotherapy. THose patients selected for study were initially treated with local radiotherapy, and relapsed outside the initial radiation fields. There was an impressive maintenance of the histologic appearance in the relapse biopsies: a change in histology was seen only in a small percentage of cases. The histologic relationship of so-called "cellular phase" of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease to classical nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease was confirmed. Those patients with a relapse-free interval greater than one year more often had an epithelioid cell reaction (granulomatous reaction) in their biopsy material in contrast to those who relapsed in less than one year. PMID- 7351012 TI - Estrogen receptor protein in malignant carcinoid tumor: a report of 2 cases. AB - Two cases of metastatic malignant carcinoid tumor in elderly women contained significant amounts of estrogen receptor (19 and 32 femtomoles/mg protein) as shown by Scatchard-plot analysis of a dextran-coated charcoal assay, inhibition of binding by an estrogen analog (67 and 63%) and high-affinity binding (Kd = 6.8 and 2.6 x 10(-10) M). The demonstration of estrogen receptor in malignant carcinoid tumor expands the spectrum of non-breast or non-gynecologic neoplasms that contain the receptor. The significane of estrogen receptor in such tumors is uncertain; it may represent aberrant derepression of the gene for estrogen receptor protein in a malignant tumor. PMID- 7351013 TI - Myeloproliferative disorder in a t(13q14q) carrier. AB - A Robertsonian balanced translocation of two D chromosomes was found in the bone marrow cytogenetic studies of a 70-year-old myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) woman. G-banding studies showed the translocation involved a 13q14q. An identical balanced t(13q14q) chromosomal pattern was found in her peripheral blood 3 years before the diagnosis of MPD as part of an investigation involving her daughter's reproductive difficulties. Her daughter is also a t(13q14q) balanced translocation carrier. The finding of a t(13q14q) in MPD may be coincidental or it may be predisposing to the development of MPD. Additional studies may elucidate this controversy. PMID- 7351014 TI - Early diagnosis and detection of clinically non-suspected thyroid neoplasia by the cytologic method: a critical review of 1536 aspiration biopsies. AB - Aspiration biopsies were performed on 1536 patients with goiter who showed scintigraphically "cold" nodules. Twelve among them had clinical and cytological positive diagnosis. The remaining 1524 patients had aspiration biopsies without suspicion of the malignant nature of their goiters. Among them, 45 patients had a positive or suspect cytological diagnosis. Fourteen had not been yet operated on. Thirty-one were operated on and 28 malignancies were confirmed histologically. In three patients, cytological diagnosis was false positive. The remaining patients were cytologically negative. Thirty-seven were operated on and four false negative cases were found. The application of aspiration biopsy on every patient with a cold thyroid nodule resulted in the detection and very early diagnosis of clinically unsuspected thyroid neoplasms, the great majority of which were confined to the gland itself without metastasic spread. This fact makes the prognosis better. In addition, it is probable that the early detection of differentiated thyroid neoplasms and their surgical ablation interrupt their natural course towards anaplastic carcinoma, with its grim prognosis. PMID- 7351015 TI - Liposarcoma metastatic to bone marrow presenting as myelophthisic anemia: a case report. AB - A case report of liposarcoma occurring in a man with probable hereditary multiple lipomata and metastasizing to bone marrow is presented. The neoplasm was studied by light and electron microscopy. The first evidence for metastatic disease was myelophthisic anemia. This unusual clinical occurrence is discussed briefly in conjunction with other neoplasms causing myelophthisis. PMID- 7351016 TI - Correlation of estrogen receptor and pathologic characteristics of invasive breast cancer. AB - Estrogen receptor (ER) status was correlated with a large number of pathological and clinical characteristics of 178 invasive breast cancers. Positive ER was found to be significantly associated with high nuclear and low histologic grades, absence of tumor necrosis, presence of marked tumor elastosis, and older patients. These pathologic parameters enumerated are either directly or indirectly related to tumor differentiation suggesting that ER represents another index of this latter. Multivariate analyses disclosed that both age and tumor differentiation are associated with the ER status. Well-differentiated tumors were more frequently ER+ in older women. Inclusion of an estimate of tumor necrosis as well as patient age appears to allow for further discrimination of ER status in poorly differentiated lesions. Considerations relative to ER and tumor differentiation provide a possible explanation for the dichotomy of response to adjuvant chemotherapy observed in pre and postmenopausal women. PMID- 7351017 TI - Skin involvement in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Of 1810 patients with Hodgkin's disease seen at M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute from 1944 to 1977, nine patients developed skin lesions which were histologically specific for the disease, an incidence of 0.5%. The initial manifestations were in the form of small papules and nodules that developed in seven of the nine patients in skin immediately distal to lymph nodes containing tumor, supporting the concept that skin involvement most often results from retrograde lymphatic spread from involved lymph nodes. Because the majority of the patients died within a few months following the development of the skin lesions, skin involvement is considered an indication of stage IV disease. Fifteen additional patients had had skin biopsies that were considered either diagnostic or suggestive of Hodgkin's disease, but were ultimately proven to be a variety of other conditions. Thus, Hodgkin's disease in skin can be simulated by other disease processes, and the diagnosis should be made with caution, particularly in the absence of lymph node involvement. PMID- 7351018 TI - Hodgkin's disease occurring in a patient with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. AB - Hodgkin's disease, nodular sclerosing, developed in a 16-year-old man with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Two brothers and two nephews had documented Wiskott Aldrich syndrome and had died of infectious complications in childhood. While the patient reported here had lifelong thrombocytopenia and recurrent upper respiratory infections, he had no severe infection prior to the development of Hodgkin's disease. Skin test sensitization with dinitrochlorobenzene was unsuccessful. No antibodies were found after immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharides. Platelet aggregation studies were abnormal in the patient, his mother, and one of his nephews. A complete response of short duration occurred after treatment with nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone. On recurrence, he proved unresponsive to further chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Infection with four different fungi was found at autopsy. This patient is the third recorded case of Hodgkin's disease associated with the Wiskott Aldrich syndrome. PMID- 7351019 TI - Surgical treatment of single brain metastasis: factors associated with survival. AB - The results of surgical excision of solitary intracerebral metastases followed by whole-brain radiation therapy between 1972 and 1978 in a series of 78 patients were analyzed. The overall median survival of the series was 6 months with a 1 year survival rate of 29%. Statistical analyses of the data revealed that patients who presented with a cerebral metastasis 1 year or more after diagnosis of the primary cancer had a significantly longer survival than those in whom the metastasis was detected within 1 year (P less than .04). Patients with mild or no neurological deficits at time of craniotomy had a longer median survival and a 1 year survival of 44% (P less than .01). The presence of metastases at one or two other sites did not significantly affect overall survival except in those patients in whom the brain metastasis was detected more than 1 year after diagnosis of the primary tumor. Factors found to affect survival in this study may be useful in predicting survival of future patients similarly treated. PMID- 7351020 TI - Thymoma and the nephrotic syndrome: a report of a case. AB - A 48-year-old male presented with the nephrotic syndrome 3 years after resection and irradiation of a thymoma. Renal biopsy revealed membranous glomerulonephritis by electron microscopy. IgA, IgG, and C3 deposition were present in the glomerular basement membrane by immunofluorescence. There was no evidence of other autoimmune diseases or causes of the membranous glomerulonephritis. He has continued to have proteinuria and edema 1 year later. PMID- 7351021 TI - Relationship between cholecystectomy and ascending colon cancer. AB - A retrospective study involving 706 sample cases of large bowel cancer grouped by subsite (ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, ana rectum), sex, and age identified during the Third National Cancer Survey (Pittsburgh SMSA, 1969--1971) was recently completed. The basic strategy of this comparative study was to determine whether the frequency distribution patterns of both demorgraphic characteristics and environmental factors differed among persons with subsite-specific cancer of the large bowel. Based on the information provided in the hospital records there was a gradient of previous cholecystectomy history from ascending colon cancer (10.5%) to rectal cancer (2.1%) in those patient records whose only gastrointestinal surgery indicated was cholecystectomy. For patient records in which the only surgical operation was cholecystectomy, or cholecystectomy plus other gastrointestinal surgery, the gradient persisted as one moved from the right to the left subsites of the large bowel. No relationship with respect to other types of gastrointestinal surgery was observed. It is clear, however, that a bias associated with the review of hospital records can account for this relationship and, therefore, the finding may be spurious. On the other hand, there is increasing evidence of a relationship between bile acid metabolism and carcinoma of the colon. It might be considered that the right side of the colon would be most likely affected by the potential carcinogenic effect of certain bile acid metabolites. PMID- 7351022 TI - Asynchronous plasmacytoma of the stomach and testis. AB - A case of a 56-year-old man who underwent gastrectomy and subsequent orchiectomy for extraskeletal plasmacytoma is reported. The recorded case is unique in that a plasmacytoma developed in two unusual sites and in contrast to the poor prognosis observed in most cases, the patient is well 4 years after initial diagnosis. PMID- 7351023 TI - Cranial fasciitis of childhood. AB - Nine cases of fibroblastic lesions occurring in the cranium of young children were reviewed. The age of the patients at the time of initial treatment ranged from three weeks to six years (median 18 months), with the lesions being congenital in two cases. There was 2:1 male predominance. The size of the lesions averaged 2.5 cm in greatest dimension with the largest being 9.0 cm. All cases presented as rapidly growing masses with a preoperative duration of only two months. The lesions presented as soft-tissue masses deep in the scalp with involvement of the underlying cranium in all eight of the cases in which roentgenograms or operative reports were available for review. Characteristically, there was erosion of only the outer table of the skull, although in three cases the lesion extended through the inner table to attach to the underlying dura mater. It was not possible to detect the exact site or origin, although origin from one of the deep fascial layers of the scalp or the underlying periosteum seems most likely. Microscopically, the lesion appeared to be a proliferation of loosely arranged fibroblasts which most closely resembled nodular fasciitis. Mitotic figures as well as foci of osseous metaplasia were present. Treatment consisted of excision of the mass with local resection or curettage of the affected underlying bone in some cases. Followup revealed a benign clinical course with no recurrent or aggressive behavior. PMID- 7351024 TI - Fever and neutropenia in children with neoplastic disease: an analysis of 158 episodes. AB - The development of fever in neutropenic cancer patients is frequently an indication of infection. The response of these patients to antibiotic treatment is often poor, and the recent literature continues to document a substantial mortality rate in spite of the prompt treatment of these patients with multiple agent antibiotic therapy. Because of limited available information regarding fever and neutropenia in pediatric cancer patients, we undertook an analysis of a group of such patients from a pediatric oncology center. The incidence of probable and documented infections was 39.2% in a group of these patients, representing 158 febrile episodes. The most frequent form of infection was bacterial sepsis; pulmonary infections were the next most frequent, followed by infections of skin and soft tissues. In leukemia patients with culture-proven infections, gram-negative organisms were isolated in 61.1% of episodes while gram positive organisms were isolated in 41.7%. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the organisms most frequently isolated from these patients. In solid tumor patients with bacterial infections, gram-positive organisms were isolated in 78% of cases. Patients having the highest incidence of documented infections were those with leukemia who had active disease (induction or relapse), and severe neutropenia (less than 200 granulocytes/microliter). Antibiotic therapy with cephalothin, gentamicin, and carbenicillin (CGC), was effective in 41 of 45 (91.1%) episodes of documented infection in the total group of patients. PMID- 7351025 TI - Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1. AB - The capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1 is composed of D galactopyranosyluronic acid residues and 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D galactopyranosyl residues. The latter sugar, previously unknown in Nature, was not isolated but was identified from the products obtained on deamination of the polymer. Using n.m.r. spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and Smith degradation as the principal methods of structural investigation, it is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of trisaccharide repeating-units having the structure: leads to 3)-alpha-Sugp-(1 leads to 4)-alpha-D-GalpA-(1 leads to 3)-alpha-D-GalpA (1 leads to, in which Sug denotes the new sugar. PMID- 7351026 TI - Binding of n-alkyl beta-D-xylopyranosides and n-alkyl 1-thio-beta-D xylopyranosides to beta-D-xylosidase from Bacillus pumilus PRL B12. AB - The binding of D-xylose and of a series of n-alkyl beta-D-xylopyranosides and their 1-thio analogues to beta-D-xylosidase from B. pumilus PRL B12 has been investigated. The binding constants and thermodynamic equilibrium parameters delta H0 and delta S0 have been determined. The enzyme does not distinguish between alpha- and beta-D-xylopyranose. Although the enthalpy of binding of D xylose is very favourable, the overall free-energy is small, due to a large decrease in entropy. Furthermore, all of the evidence available suggests that the aglycon group is bound by unspecific, hydrophobic forces. However, simple correlations between the binding parameters and the relative hydrophobicity of the compounds could not be found. Unexpectedly, no parallelism between binding of n-alkyl beta-D-xylopyranosides and the corresponding 1-thio derivatives was found. PMID- 7351027 TI - Structural studies of the O-specific side-chains of the lipopolysaccharide from Yersinia enterocolitica Ye 128. PMID- 7351029 TI - The structure of the O-glycosylically-linked oligosaccharide chains of LPG-I, a glycoprotein present in articular lubricating fraction of bovine synovial fluid. AB - Periodate oxidation of LPG-1 established that N-acetylneuraminic acid residues are linked preponderantly alpha-(2 leads to 3) to D-galactose residues. The resistance of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose residues to periodate oxidation suggests that they are linked at either O-3 or O-4 to D-galactose residues. After treatment of LPG-1 with alkaline sulfite, approximately 80% of 2-acetamido-2 deoxygalactose was recovered as the sulfonic acid derivative. The Gal leads to GalNAc disaccharide released from sialic-acid-free LPG-I by digestion with endo-2 acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactosidase (which suggests an alpha-D-GalNAc leads to L-Ser or -L-Thr linkage) gave a high color-yield in the Morgan-Elson reaction, indicating that 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose residues are linked at C-3 to D galactose residues. The migration of the released Gal-GalNAc disaccharide was the same as that of a standard sample of O-beta-D-galactosyl-(1 leads to 3)-2 acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose. Treatment of sialic acid-free LPG-I with Streptococcus pneumoniae beta-D-galactosidase, which hydrolyzes only galactosides linked beta-D-(1 leads to 4) gave no free D-galactose, whereas treatment of LPG-I with bovine testes beta-D-galactosidase released greater than 90% of D-galactose. These results provide evidence for beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 3)-alpha-D-GalNAcp-(1 leads to 3) alpha-D-GalNAcp-(1 leads to 3)-L-Ser or -L-Thr and alpha-NeuAc-(2 leads to 3)-beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 3)-L-Ser or -L-Thr structures. The sensitivity of the methods used and the recovery of constituents following treatment of LPG-I do not rule out the occurrence of small amounts of other tri- or tetra-saccharide chains. PMID- 7351028 TI - Synthesis and antitumor activity of cytosine and adenine nucleosides of unsaturated 5-(aminoacyl)aminopentofuranoses. AB - Direct synthesis of the 1- and 9-(5-azido-2,3,5-trideoxy-beta-D-glycero-pent-2 enofuranosyl) derivatives (3a and 3b) of cytosine and adenine, respectively, has been accomplished via treatment of the corresponding 2',3'-unsaturated nucleosides (1a and 1b) with triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrabromide in the presence of lithium azide. Members of a new type of (aminoacyl)amino nucleoside, the 1- and 9-[5-(aminoacyl)amino-2,3,5-trideoxy-beta-D-glycero-pent-2 enofuranosyl] derivatives of cytosine and adenine, respectively, have been obtained by condensation of the corresponding, unsaturated amino nucleosides with the active esters of several amino acid derivatives, followed by deprotection. These nucleosides were examined for in vivo antitumor activity against leukemia L 1210 and Sarcoma 180 (solid tumor) in mice; none of them exhibited antitumor activity against L-1210 in mice, but compounds 1a, 3a, and 1-[2,3,5-trideoxy-5-(L methionyl)amino-beta-D-glycero-pent-2-enofuranosyl]cytosine exhibited weak activity against Sarcoma 180 (solid tumor). PMID- 7351030 TI - Mast cell membrane antigens and Fc receptors in anaphylaxis. II. Functionally distinct receptors for IgG and for IgE on mouse mast cells. PMID- 7351031 TI - Inhibition of lymphocyte transformation by a naturally occurring metabolite: 5' methylthioadenosine. PMID- 7351033 TI - Electrophysiological effects of imipramine on ovine cardiac Purkinje and ventricular muscle fibers. PMID- 7351032 TI - An assay for osteoclast-activating factor (OAF) in biological fluids: detection of OAF in the serum of myeloma patients. PMID- 7351035 TI - Effects of splanchnic nerve stimulation on cardiac preload, afterload, and output in cats. PMID- 7351034 TI - Pulmonary leukostasis and its relationship to pulmonary dysfunction in sheep and rabbits. AB - Pulmonary leukostasis, as a result of complement activation, has been invoked as a cause of pulmonary dysfunction. To investigate this phenomenon, we studied the pulmonary response to infusion of autologous complement-activated plasma in sheep and rabbits. Complement activation was produced by plasma incubation with zymosan. Leukopenia, with selective loss of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the lungs, occurred in all animals immediately after the onset of plasma infusion. Complement-activated plasma infusion in sheep produced a significant fall in the arterial PO2 and a marked rise in pulmonary vascular resistance, whereas no such effects were observed in rabbits. Pretreatment of the sheep with sulfinpyrazone eliminated the pulmonary response to complement-activated plasma without altering the leukopenic response. Pulmonary histology in rabbits and sheep confirmed the presence of intracapillary leukostasis after the plasma infusions, whether or not sulfinpyrazone had been administered previously. The pulmonary response to complement activation is associated with pulmonary capillary leukostasis, but leukostasis alone is not an adequate explanation of the phenomenon. PMID- 7351036 TI - Reduction of exercise-induced regional myocardial dysfunction by propranolol. Studies in a canine model of chronic coronary artery stenosis. PMID- 7351037 TI - Changes in electrical activity and ultrastructure of sinoatrial nodal cells of the rabbit's heart exposed to hypoxic solution. PMID- 7351038 TI - Effects of exercise- and pacing-induced tachycardia on coronary collateral flow in the awake dog. PMID- 7351039 TI - Effect of acute hypoxia on the pulmonary conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in dogs. AB - We studied the effect of acute hypoxia on pulmonary conversion of angiotensin I to II in anesthetized dogs. When arterial PO2 was decreased from 86 +/- 14 (SD) to 33 +/- 8 mm Hg without changing pH or PCO2, the single passage conversion of intravenous boluses of radiolabeled angiotensin I in tracer doses fell significantly (P less than 0.005) from 72 +/- 4 to 67 +/- 6%. The effect of comparable levels of hypoxemia on the conversion of continuous intravenous infusions of pharmacological doses (1000 times physiological) of angiotensin I was greater: from 55 +/- 14 to 33 +/- 13% (P less than 0.025). There was prompt return of percent conversion ratios to control levels when hypoxemia was reversed. We conclude that acute hypoxia is associated with a reversible decrease in pulmonary angiotensin converting enzyme availability. PMID- 7351040 TI - Effects of calcium on canine Purkinje fiber action potential duration in the presence of agents affecting potassium permeability. PMID- 7351041 TI - Alterations in carotid sinus reflex control of arterial hemodynamics associated with experimental hyperlipemia in the racing greyhound. AB - We administered a high cholesterol diet to racing greyhounds and studied its effects on the characteristics of carotid sinus reflex control of arterial pressure-flow relations. Dogs were anesthetized with halothane, and pressure and flow were simultaneously measured in the ascending aorta and the celiac, mesenteric, renal, and iliac arteries. The carotid sinuses were isolated bilaterally and perfused with a physiological salt solution under controlled conditions. The variation of regional pressure-flow relations and regional vascular resistance was assessed as a function of mean carotid sinus pressure (MCSP) with the vagi bilaterally sectioned to eliminate aortic arch afferents. Some differences were found in set point (i.e., MCSP = mean arterial pressure) values of hemodynamic variables; cardiac output and renal and iliac flows were significantly lower. Control and set point values of mean arterial pressure were not significantly different between the two groups. The variation of every hemodynamic variable with the exception of heart rate with carotid sinus pressure was attenuated markedly in the diet-treated dogs. Substantial lesions were found involving the entire carotid sinus region of every diet-fed animal. These results suggest that pathological alterations in the carotid sinus region are at least in part responsible for a reduction in the sensitivity of carotid sinus baroreflexes associated with atherosclerosis. PMID- 7351042 TI - Quantitative studies on plasmalemmal folds and caveolae of rabbit ventricular myocardial cells. AB - Plasmalemmal folds and caveolae were investigated by qualitative and quantitative analysis of electron micrographs obtained by freeze fracture and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of rabbit right ventricular papillary muscles whose mean sarcomere lengths ranged from 1.64 to 2.28 micron. In passively extended muscles, folds were observed at sarcomere lengths of 2.3 micron and could be shown by extrapolation to become completely extended at a maximum sarcomere length of 2.8 micron. It was concluded that the plasmalemma does not contribute to resting tension in the physiological range of sarcomere lengths. Caveolae are present in both the external plasmalemmal envelope and T-tubular plasmalemma. They show no preferential distribution with respect to underlying myofibrillar striations or membrane folds and are nearly devoid of membrane particles in freeze-fractured material. The surface density of caveolar necks (4.0/micron2 apparent plasmalemmal area) is only 16-20% of that reported for frog skeletal muscle. Caveolae augment plasmalemmal area by 21-32%, assuming two or three caveolae per neck, respectively. Caveolar membrane does not serve as a reservoir of membrane to be recruited into external plasmalemma, at least over the physiological range of sarcomere lengths. In heart muscle they do not account for the T-tubular access resistance, and their function in this tissue remains unknown. PMID- 7351043 TI - Determinants of instantaneous pressure in canine left ventricle. Time and volume specification. PMID- 7351044 TI - The interrelationship among histamine, various vasoactive substances, and macromolecular permeability in the canine forelimb. PMID- 7351046 TI - Note on the way to quantify the pump function of the heart. PMID- 7351047 TI - Comments on "How to quantify pump function of the heart". PMID- 7351045 TI - Role of peripheral vasodilation in the hypotensive response to left ventriculography in anesthetized dogs. AB - Hypotension after left ventriculography (LVG) is believed to result from direct myocardial toxicity, peripheral vasodilation, or a combination of both. The contribution of each has not been established. Thus, LVG was performed in anesthetized dogs under conditions in which peripheral vascular reactivity (PVR) was altered pathophysiologically (aortic coarctation) or pharmacologically (acetylcholine infusion). Ventricular pressure (LVP), its first derivative (dP/dt), aortic pressure (AoP), and carotid and femoral flows were monitored. When PVR was normal, LVG was associated with significant hemodynamic changes which reached a maximum 25-35 seconds after injection. Left ventricular and aortic diastolic pressures were decreased by 22 and 48%, whereas carotid and femoral systolic flows were increased by 41 and 59%. During acetylcholine infusion, LVG did not cause systolic hypotension and peripheral flows were maintained strikingly constant. Similarly, LVG also was associated with insignificant changes in systolic pressures and carotid flow in the presence of aortic coarctation. These results demonstrate that the hypotension attendant with LVG is directly related to the augmentation in peripheral flow, suggesting that the response is mediated almost exclusively by peripheral vasodilation. PMID- 7351048 TI - The relationship between acute occlusive coronary thrombi and myocardial infarction studied in 100 consecutive patients. PMID- 7351049 TI - Effectiveness of dipyridamole in reducing the size of experimental myocardial infarction. PMID- 7351051 TI - Effect of non-nicotine cigarettes and carbon monoxide on angina. AB - The effect of smoking five non-nicotine cigarettes and of breathing carbon monoxide on exercise-induced angina was evaluated in 12 patients with angina. Smoking increased venous carboxyhemoglobin from 1.71 to 5.35%, decreased exercise duration until angina 45%, increased ischemic ST-segment depression at angina from 1.33 to 1.52 mm, and decreased systolic blood pressure times heart rate at angina. Breathing carbon monoxide increased venous carboxyhemoglobin from 1.73 to 5.37%, decreased exercise duration until angina 35%, increased ischemic ST segment depression at angina from 1.31 to 1.50 mm, and decreased systolic blood pressure times heart rate at angina. Greater decreases in exercise duration until angina and in systolic blood pressure times heart rate at angina (p less than 0.001) were observed after smoking than after breathing carbon monoxide. Tobacco components other than nicotine or carbon monoxide are responsible for a small decrease in exercise performance until angina. PMID- 7351050 TI - Myocardial lactate extraction: multi-determined metabolic function. AB - Myocardial lactate production indicates anaerobic metabolism resulting from hypoxia or anoxia. Clinically, myocardial lactate extraction of less than 10% has also been used as an indicator of ischemia. Sixteen healthy young male volunteers underwent coronary sinus and aterial catheterization. A coronary sinus pacing catheter was used to obtain blood samples and increase the heart rate to twice the resting rate. Hemodynamic measurements and blood samples for lactate, free fatty acids and glucose were obtained at rest and during pacing. Seven of 16 sujects (44%) had lactate extraction of less than 10% at rest and/or at miximal pacing. No subject produced lactate. There was no correlation between myocardial lactate extraction and arterial glucose. However, lactate extraction correlated inversely with the arterial levels of free fatty acids (r = 0.67; p less than 0.01). In addition, a positive correlation was present between lactate extraction and the arterial lactate level (r = 0.78; p less than 0.01). In conclusion, myocardial lactate extraction is dependent on multiple metabolic parameters and any absolute value short of production cannot be considered abnormal. PMID- 7351052 TI - Effects of low and high glucose in a glucose-insulin-potassium infusion on hemodynamics and exercise tolerance in patients with angina pectoris. PMID- 7351053 TI - Treadmill score quantifies electrocardiographic response to exercise and improves test accuracy and reproducibility. PMID- 7351054 TI - Clinical and angiographic correlates of exercise-induced ST-segment elevation. Increased detection with multiple ECG leads. PMID- 7351055 TI - Lipoprotein-cholesterol distributions in selected North American populations: the lipid research clinics program prevalence study. PMID- 7351056 TI - Renal effects of nitroprusside and hydralazine in patients with congestive heart failure. AB - The acute effects of nitroprusside infusion and intravenous hydralazine on renal hemodynamics and function were evaluated in nine male patients with severe, low cardiac output, congestive heart failure (CHF). Both drugs resulted in marked systemic hemodynamic improvement. Nitroprusside had a more profound effect on pulmonary artery pressure, while hydralazine produced a greater elevation in cardiac output. Significant decreases in both systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure with increases in stroke volume and stroke work index were noted with both drugs. Total renal resistance decreased and renal blood flow (RBF) significantly increased with both drugs, while the distribution of cardiac output to the kidney remained depressed. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) did not change significantly with either drug, although increases in GFR were seen in selected patients in whom RBF increased by more than 10% from control. The fraction of plasma filtered decreased toward normal with both drugs and excretion of total cations was significantly increased. These changes all represent improvements in systemic and renal hemodynamic abnormalities occurring in patients with CHF; their maintenance during long-term therapy would facilitate patient management. PMID- 7351057 TI - Effect of hydralazine on renal failure in patients with congestive heart failure. PMID- 7351058 TI - Effects of nitroprusside on venous return and central blood volume in the absence and presence of acute heart failure. PMID- 7351059 TI - Hemodynamics of a new angiotensin antagonist, [Sar1, Thr8]A II, in hypertensive man. PMID- 7351061 TI - The effect of the pericardium on ventricular systolic function in man. AB - To determine the role of the pericardium in man, ventricular function was studied in 20 patients who underwent pericardiotomy during coronary artery bypass surgery. Left and right ventricular function curves were generated before and after pericardiotomy by changing body position to alter venous pressure. Central venous (0--14 mm Hg) and pulmonary wedge pressures (1--25 mm Hg) ranged over normal and moderately elevated values. Pericardiotomy did not alter the relationship between left ventricular stroke work index and pulmonary wedge pressure, between right ventricular stroke work index and central venous pressure, or between pulmonary wedge pressure and central venous pressure. These data suggest that in patients with normal and moderately elevated filling pressures, the pericardium does not influence right or left ventricular systolic function or the coupling between the right and left ventricles. PMID- 7351060 TI - Mechanisms of blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 7351062 TI - Accuracy of subxiphoid echocardiography for assessing left ventricular size and performance. PMID- 7351063 TI - Echocardiographic documentation of vegetative lesions in infective endocarditis: clinical implications. AB - Eighty-seven patients with the clinical syndrome of infective endocarditis were examined by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of echocardiographically detected vegetative lesions. Group 1 consisted of 47 patients with one or more vegetations. Group 2 consisted of 40 patients without evidence of vegetations. Group 1 patients had a higher rate of complications: emboli, congestive heart failure and the need for surgical intervention. Analysis of morphologic characteristics of the vegetations in group 1 was of no predictive value for complications in individual patients. Two-thirds of the vegetations persisted unaltered well beyond the period of bacteriologic cure without significant complications. No characteristic alteration of the vegetations predicted the efficacy of medical therapy. Although the detection of vegetations by echocardiography in patients with the clinical syndrome of endocarditis clearly identifies a subgroup at risk for complications, decisions regarding clinical management made solely on the basis of the presence or absence of vegetative lesions are hazardous. Management of such patients must continue to be based on the clinical integration of multiple factors. PMID- 7351064 TI - Pulsed doppler echocardiographic study of mitral stenosis. PMID- 7351065 TI - Hemodynamic factors that affect calculated orifice areas in the mitral hancock xenograft valve. AB - From June 1974 to December 1978, 714 Hancock valves have been placed in 605 patients. One hundred seventy-five patients with a mitral xenograft have been restudied. The results were questionable due to the wide scatter and disparity between the calculated and the theoretical orifice of each valve size. To elucidate these differences, the hemodynamic data of 40 isolated, normal functioning mitral Hancock valves were reviewed. Early, middle and late diastolic mitral valve gradients were measured by planimetry and their corresponding flows were estimated by angiography. The paired data were fitted to exponential functions and specific lines for each Hancock valve size were obtained. By superimposing Gorlin's pressure and flow curves on these lines, the instantaneous effective orifice for each Hancock valve can be determined. We concluded that 1) the Hancock valve effective orifice is flow related and always lower than its theoretical opening; 2) normal function frequently cannot be firmly established by the mean effective area; and 3) the nomogram described may help in determining the time-related variations of a particular valve. PMID- 7351066 TI - Comparison of endocardial catheter mapping with intraoperative mapping of ventricular tachycardia. AB - To validate the accuracy of catheter endocardial mapping to localize the origin of ventricular tachycardia (VT), we compared cathether endocardial mapping with intraoperative epicardial and endocardial mapping of 24 morphologically distinct VTs in 18 patients undergoing surgery. Twelve had VT with left bundle branch block morphology and 12 had VT with right bundle branch block morphology. Catheter endocardial mapping localized 23 VT morphologies to the border of a left ventricular aneurysm or myocardial infarction and one VT to a right ventriculotomy scar. Intraoperative epicardial mapping showed epicardial breakthrough on the right ventricle in 10 VTs with left bundle branch block morphology and on the left ventricle in two. In 12 VTs with right bundle branch block morphology, intraoperative epicardial mapping revealed the earliest site of VT with left bundle branch block morphology (11 patients) and VT with right bundle branch block morphology (12 patients) at the border of a left ventricular aneurysm, and one VT with left bundle branch block morphology in the right ventricle. Catheter endocardial mapping predicted the origin of VT within 4--8 cm2 of that determined by intraoperative endocardial mapping, which always identified the earliest site. These data validate the accuracy of catheter endocardial mapping in localizing the origin of VT. PMID- 7351067 TI - Valve replacement in aortic insufficiency with left ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 7351068 TI - Aortic valvulotomy in neonates. PMID- 7351069 TI - Right ventricular volume determinations in 18 patients with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum. Analysis of factors influencing right ventricular growth. AB - Right ventricular growth was assessed angiocardiographically in 18 patients with pulmonary atresia, intact ventricular septum, and hypoplastic and hypertensive right ventricle. A variety of surgical procedures were performed. In only 12 patients (66.7%) was right ventricular-pulmonary artery continuity achieved (group 1). Nine of these 12 patients persisted with systemic or suprasystemic right ventricular pressures. Among the six patients in whom right ventricular pulmonary artery continuity was not achieved (group 2), all maintained suprasystemic right ventricular pressures. Right ventricular growth was assessed in groups 1 and 2. The patients were also subdivided according to the qualitative degree of tricuspid regurgitation as determined angiocardiographically on right ventricular cineangiocardiograms at the preoperative catheter study. Right ventricular growth to normal levels as evidenced by change in right ventricular end-diastolic volume was rarely observed in group 2 patients. Among the four patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation and a large tricuspid valve, right ventricular growth to normal levels was achieved whether they were in group 1 or group 2. Right ventricular growth is thus predicated on numerous morphologic factors in these patients. However, reconstitution of right ventricular-pulmonary artery continuity and a nonobstructive tricuspid valve are probably two of the more important factors. PMID- 7351070 TI - Ethmozin, a new antiarrhythmic drug for suppressing ventricular premature complexes. AB - Ethmozin, a phenothiazine derivative, is an antiarrhythmic drug synthesized in the USSR. Preliminary data suggest that it is effective against a diversity of ectopic arrhythmias. The present study, carried out in the USSR, was designed to assess efficacy and patient tolerance of this new drug. Thirty-seven patients with chronic, persistent, frequent and symptomatic ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) were studied. VPCs were exposed by means of 24-hour ambulatory monitoring and exercise stress testing. Two drug schedules were used. Group 1, consisting of 11 patients, received 225 mg/day of ethmozin, while group 2, consisting of 26 patients, received 600 mg/day. Acute drug testing with a single large dose of ethmozin was followed by multiple dosing for a minimum of 4 days. Placebo was given in a single-blind fashion only to responders. Only two patients in group 1 had a significant reduction in VPCs as evaluated by both monitoring and exercise testing. Fourteen patients in group 2 (54%) showed striking suppression of VPCs. Mild and transiet effects were encountered in only four of the 37 patients. We conclude that ethmozin appears to be a well-tolerated, relatively effective agent for controlling VPCs. PMID- 7351071 TI - Hemodynamic effects of cigarette smoking. PMID- 7351072 TI - Thromboembolism and mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 7351073 TI - Globin synthesis studies in a person heterozygous for alpha-thalassemia-2, Hb S and Hb G Philadelphia. AB - A 21-year-old American black female with mild anemia was found to be triply heterozygous for alpha-thalassemia-2, hemoglobin S and hemoglobin G Philadelphia. Hemoglobin A comprised 39% of her total hemoglobin. The alpha-thalassemia gene was expressed by an alpha/non-alpha synthesis of ratio of 0.79 +/- 0.09 and was equally unbalanced in the peripheral blood and the bone marrow. Globin synthesis studies indicated that the percentage of Hb G and Hb S in the peripheral blood is about 32% and 31% respectively. These values are due to the coexistent alpha thalassemia-2 gene with the following most likely genotype: --alpha G/alpha alpha, beta A/beta S (or --alpha/alpha G alpha, beta A beta S). PMID- 7351074 TI - Folate assay: a comparison of radioassay and microbiological methods. AB - Folate mono- and polyglutamate standards were assayed by a microbiological method and by four commercially available radioassay methods to evaluate the usefulness of radioassay techniques for the quantitation of naturally occurring folates. Folate monoglutamates exhibited different responses in the radioassay procedures, depending on the one-carbon constituent and oxidation state. Folate polyglutamates exhibited an increased response that varied depending on the folate concentration. The varied responses of folate mono- and polyglutamates in the radioassay procedures make this technique unsuitable for the determination of the mixture of folate derivatives that are normally encountered in biological extracts. PMID- 7351075 TI - Fluorometric enzymatic determination of serum creatinine on the surface of silicone-rubber pads. AB - An enzymatic semi-solid surface fluorometric method is described for the determination of serum creatinine on silicone-rubber pads. In this method, the glutamate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate, ADP and NADH are mixed, then 30 microliters of diluted serum is added. After the free ammonium ion in serum is consumed, creatininase is added to initiate the assay. The rate of disappearance of NADH fluorescence at 460 nm (excitation wavelength 340 nm) is monitored and is proportional to the serum creatinine concentration. The whole assay uses only 0.41 I.U. creatininase, and takes less than 5 min. The calibration curve is linear up to 82 mg creatinine per liter. The proposed method offers a rapid, simple and inexpensive means for creatinine assay. The results obtained correlate well with the modified Jaffe method applied on Technicon SMA 12/60, with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. The recovery averages 99.3%. PMID- 7351076 TI - The determination of cortisol in human plasma: evaluation and comparison of seven assays. AB - In a comparative study, seven different methods for the determination of cortisol in human plasma were evaluated, using routine patient samples. Four of these methods used radioactive steroids (125I- or 3H-labelled) and in three no radioactivity was needed. For the statistical evaluation a direct 3H radioimmunoassay was arbitrarily taken as the independent variable. It was found that all other methods correlated well with this assay. However, the simplest method, the fluorimetric, cannot be recommended mainly because of its non specific fluorescence and troublesome interference from some widely-used drugs. Of the methods evaluated a radioimmunoassay is recommended. For laboratories having no equipment for measurements of radioactivity, the more elaborate and time-consuming fluorometric method of Clark may represent a good alternative. PMID- 7351077 TI - Analysis of conjugated bile acids in bile by high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - The major conjugated bile acids of man, including glycine and taurine conjugates, can be separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chromatographic column is 300 mm long with an internal diameter of 8.0 mm and is packed with Lichrosorb RP 18 (5 MICRONS). The mobile phase is methanol-water 75 : 25 (v/v) acidified to pH 2 with phosphoric acid. The eluent peaks are detected by a UV absorbance detector at a wavelength of 210 nm. The 10 conjugated bile acids are quantitatively analyzed on a single run of chromatography in less than 50 min. Deproteinization of biological samples is sufficient for the preparation of the analysis. PMID- 7351078 TI - Interference by methenamine mandelate in screening for organic and amino acid disorders. PMID- 7351079 TI - A rapid and simple procedure for the preparation of human lactate dehydrogenase-2 from erythrocytes using an ion-exchange mini-column. AB - We describe a simple ion-exchange chromatography technique for the rapid preparation of lactate dehydrogenase-2 from lysed human erythrocytes obtained either from plasma or serum clots. The procedure appears capable of scale-up to larger columns thus making it ideal as an initial step in a more extensive purification scheme. PMID- 7351080 TI - Preparation and application of Procion Yellow starch for amylase assay. AB - A new starch derivative for the determination of amylase activity has been synthesized by coupling Procion Yellow dye with starch. The product of this reaction is intensely yellow and is easily suspended in water, in neutral buffer solution, and also in acidic solution. Amylase from pancreatin, saliva, urine and serum readily hydrolyzes this chromogenic substrate. A method for determining amylase activity based on the use of Procion Yellow Starch substrate is described. The procedure requires 0.1 ml of sample and an incubation time of 30 min. The soluble chromogen, which is liberated by enzymatic hydrolysis, is measured at 420 nm and the amylase activity-absorbance relationship at this wavelength is linear. The normal range for this method is 50--150 Somogyi units/dl. PMID- 7351081 TI - The involvement of the Cl- -dependent arginine aminopeptidases in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7351082 TI - High-affinity binding of folate to a protein in serum of male subjects. AB - The binding pattern of [3H]folate in the serum of male subjects was studied in equilibrium dialysis experiments (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C). It was possible to distinguish between a high (association constant, Kass = 10(10) (mol/l)-1; maximum binding of folate = 0.6 nmol/l) and a low affinity type of binding. The high-affinity binder was a trace protein (molecular size approximately 35 000) which was eluted with 30 mmol/l NaC, (pH 6.3) from serum subjected to DEAE Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. The low-affinity binding activity mainly associated with albumin was eluted with 1 mmol/l NaCl. High-affinity binding was depressed at 7 degrees C (Kass = 10(9) (mol/l)-1). Furthermore, methotrexate acted as a weak inhibitor of high-affinity binding, the molar methotrexate/folate ratio being 100/1 at 50% inhibition. PMID- 7351083 TI - Two-dimensional separation of human body fluid proteins. AB - High resolution protein patterns of various human body fluids are compared. They were obtained by non-restrictive agarose electrophoresis in the first and exclusion electrophoresis on polyacrylamide pore gradients in the second dimension. The majority of serum proteins above 10 mg/dl have been identified and the heterogeneities of high density lipoproteins, immunoglobulins and haptoglobins become visible within the charge/size grid of the two-dimensional pattern. Since secretory and serum-derived components can be differentiated, the contribution of protein synthesis and filtration to the formation of the finally released fluid can be assessed. The technique may be used to screen complex soluble protein mixtures for pathological components. There is a wide range of variations in composition from the secretory fluids (e.g. tears, colostrum, milk, seminal fluid) to virtually "pure" filtrates (pleural effusions, osteoarthritic synovial fluid, cyst puncture fluid, and amniotic fluid). It is evident that the composition of the serum-derived fraction depends primarily upon the selectivity of the respective blood/body fluid barriers. The resolution capacity of the technique is compared with that obtained by two-dimensional gel-focusing/SDS electrophoresis of the constituent serum protein subunits. PMID- 7351084 TI - The distribution of amino acids between plasma and erythrocytes. AB - Amino acid concentrations were determined in whole blood, plasma and washed erythrocytes from a group of healthy subjects. A comparison between the erythrocyte concentrations calculated from whole blood and plasma concentrations and those measured in washed erythrocytes showed that several amino acids (especially methionine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine) can easily be washed out of the erythrocytes. Statistical analysis of the data indicates that at least three different amino acid transport systems are operative in erythrocytes: (1) a system for anionic amino acids (aspartate and glutamate), which concentrates these amino acids intracellularly, reaching high erythrocyte/plasma (E/P) concentration ratios; (2) a concentrating system of A type, transporting serine, glycine and alanine and maintaining E/P ratios less than two; these amino acids show positive corelations between plasma and erythrocyte concentrations and are retained in the erythrocytes when they are washed; (3) a system of L type, with reactivity to the branched chain amino acids, methionine, phenylalanine, lysine and glutamine, which is not concentrating. The erythrocyte concentrations of these amino acids are independent of those in plasma and they can easily be washed out of the cells. Threonine and tyrosine seem to be transported by both the A and L system. PMID- 7351085 TI - Evolution of plasma levels of apolipoprotein B, cholesterol and triglycerides in women during long-term oral contraception. AB - Apolipoprotein B (apo B) was measured by a sensitive and specific double antibody radioimmunoassay in plasma from 15 normal women and 47 women taking oral contraceptives. The plasma apo B concentration in normal women was 0.90 +/- 0.10 g/l (mean +/- S.D.) whereas the overall value for all women taking contraceptives was 0.69 +/- 0.19 g/l. The maximum decrease (p less than 0.001) occurred in women investigated within three months after the beginning of the steroid intake, whose mean apo B value was 0.60 +/- 0.12 g/l (n = 12); decreases found after 3--24 months of contraception were of lesser magnitude. Apo B decreases were associated with significant decreases (p less than 0.01) in total plasma cholesterol, although the latter regained normal values after one year of contraception. Apo B and cholesterol values were in the normal range in women investigated after two years of steroid intake. An inverse trend was observed for plasma triglycerides, which showed a mean increase of 29% (p less than 0.01) after three months of steroid intake, and then stayed elevated without significant change with time. PMID- 7351086 TI - Determination of zinc in diet and faeces by acid extraction and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. AB - A simple acid extraction procedure for sample preparation of diet and faeces for zinc analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry is evaluated. About 0.5 g of homogenized diet or faeces was mixed with 6 ml 1 mol/l hydrochloric acid. After 24 h, 4 ml chloroform and 2 ml methanol was added to dissolve fatty components and reduce surface tension. The samples were centrifuged and the supernatants analysed. The sensitivity of the method was 1.7 mumol per 1000 g. The coefficient of intra-assay variation was for faeces 1.7% (n = 20), for diet 2.1% (n = 25). The coefficient of inter-assay variation was for faeces 4.7% (n = 24), for diet 4.9% (n = 20). Recovery of known amounts of zinc added to faeces was 99.7 +/- 3.1% (n = 50). Recovery of zinc added to diet was 98.9 +/- 2.9% (n = 47). A good agreement was found between zinc determinations by the acid extraction method and by a method of acid digestion. PMID- 7351087 TI - An automatic technique for the routine fractionation of the urinary hydroxyproline containing peptides. AB - A fully automatic method permits fractionation in a Biogel P2 column of the hydroxyproline-containing peptides into two fractions. The alkaline hydrolysis and the colorimetric evaluation of the liberated hydroxyproline are also completely automatic and allow calculation of the percentages of the two fractions. The first one, termed F1 fraction, contains the peptides of molecular weight larger than 1500, while the other, termed F2, contains the smaller peptides. The method was used for 223 assays. The F1 fraction is decreased in cases of Paget's bone disease. It is increased in cases of metastatic cancer of bone. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrates that this techique greatly improves the certainty of diagnosis when coupled to the assay of total hydroxyproline. When both total urinary hydroxyproline and the F1 fraction percentage are increased over threshold values of 485 mumol per 24 h and 28.4% respectively, the probability of the presence of a bone metastasis is 100%. PMID- 7351088 TI - A reliable way of estimating cholinesterases from whole blood in the presence of anti-cholinesterases. AB - A method for the determination of cholinesterases [1] has been adapted to monitor these enzymes in the presence of anti-cholinesterase insecticides. The cholinesterases in blood samples, which were dried on filter papers, could be eluted with water (plasma cholinesterase) and with 1% Triton X-100 (erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase) with complete recovery of the enzyme activity. The samples could be stored at room temperature for at least two weeks and in a refrigerator more than six weeks without a decreased efficiency of elution from the filter paper. It was found that if blood samples to which the two insecticides, used to test the validity of the method, had been added, were stored on filter paper at room temperature or deep frozen for at least one week, there was the same inhibition of the cholinesterases as at the start of the experiment. The samples stored at room temperature in tubes, recovered maximally within a day. This modified method of cholinesterase determination will be especially suitable when samples have to be mailed to laboratories making the analysis. PMID- 7351089 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid levels of IgG, IgA and IgM in IIIrd nerve palsy of unknown origin. PMID- 7351090 TI - Iododensitometry: rapid quantitation of lipid mixtures after thin layer chromatography. PMID- 7351091 TI - Radioimmunoassay for serum paraquat. AB - Two variants of a radioimmunoassay for the bipyridylium herbicide Paraquat are described. Both employ antiserum raised to Paraquat-BSA which has been covalently linked to particulate solid-phase support media. The rapid assay for clinical use employs a [3H] Paraquat tracer, requires no agitation and yields results in the range 10--2500 ng/ml serum in 20 min from receipt of sample. The more sensitive assay, designed for research purposes, employs a 125iodinated tracer, requires 2 h continuous agitation but can detect Paraquat at 0.1 ng/ml in simple aqueous solution or 0.25 ng/ml serum. Results from rapid clinical assay agree well with the existing colorimetric method. PMID- 7351092 TI - Cholesterol gas-liquid chromatographic microassay in serum lipoproteins separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - A new method of cholesterol assay in serum lipoprotein fractions separated by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide plates is described: each lipoprotein fraction was collected by cutting the gel and, after gel dissolution, cholesterol was extracted and assayed by gas-liquid chromatography. This method associates the specificity and sensitivity of gas-liquid chromatography with the resolution of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a highly reliable technique for hyperlipoproteinemia phenotyping. It is precise (variation coefficient below 2%), fast and needs only 2.5 microlitres of serum. Direct assay of cholesterol is feasible not only on each of the three main fractions, very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins, but also on intermediary fractions such as Lp(a) lipoprotein. This method should allow a better evaluation of the relationship between the serum cholesterol fractions and development of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7351093 TI - Is there an unconscious national conspiracy against children in the United States? AB - The author's thesis is that there is indeed an unconscious national conspiracy against children in our country. He presents data in relation to seven areas in which children function, to support his thesis. He then proposes an approach to understanding how this state of affairs has come about and makes specific recommendations that he feels will help us move toward a solution to this problem. PMID- 7351094 TI - Are constitutional delay of growth and familial short stature different conditions? AB - Children between 2 and 4 standard deviations below the mean height for age with no specific cause to account for their short stature are usually considered to represent either constitutional delay of growth (CDG) or familial short stature (FSS). This study was undertaken to determine whether 167 patients who were referred to our clinic for short stature could be divided into two distinct populations that fit the criteria of CDG and FSS. When the patients were artificially divided into 2 subgroups based on skeletal age greater or less than 2 standard deviations below the mean, no significant difference in growth rates or midparental heights could be found between them. Height ages were significantly more delayed in the group with greater skeletal age delay. Midparental height of our total population of short children was less than the mean midparental height of normal American children. It was concluded that our patients did not distribute into these two clear-cut entities. Whether they represented one continuum or two largely overlapping populations could not be decided on the basis of our data. PMID- 7351095 TI - Developmental aspects of galactosemia from infancy to childhood. AB - The developmental status of 60 galactosemic infants, their subsequent intellectual level, school status, visual-perceptual skills, and EEG results were analyzed. In addition, the intelligence of the parents and the unaffected siblings, as well as the educational and vocational status of the parents, were also investigated. The results reveal that the highest level of mental development was in the preschool age group. The lowest level, and still within normal limits, was in the school-age children. The overall findings are consistent with earlier observations that better progress is found in those individuals whose dietary control is instituted at the youngest age level. PMID- 7351097 TI - Probable tobacco addiction in a three-year-old child. PMID- 7351096 TI - Physician--adolescent patient relationship. The ethical dimension. AB - Adolescents are very different from each other, but they all have a developmental process in common: they are going through their second period of individuation and they are developing value systems. Doctors get in touch with their adolescent patients on many different levels and with varying degrees of intensity, but they too have something in common: an obligation to their patient. Although the nature of this obligation is open to debate, the fact is that any interpersonal experience contains a moral element virtually by definition: there is an ethical dimension to the physician-adolescent patient relationship. The nature of the doctor's obligation to the adolescent is defined as aiding the patient to achieve growth. The physician can do this through appropriate use of value clarification and often through personal example. PMID- 7351098 TI - Chromosomal abnormality in the newborns of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier mothers. AB - The association of maternal hepatitis B surface antigen carriers (HBsAg) and chromosomal abnormalities in their newborns has been previously suggested. This is a report on two female infants with abnormalities of chromosome 18 and trisomy 3q syndrome who were born to HBsAg carriers. These cases indicate that a possible relationship exists between the HBsAg carrier state in the mother and chromosome abnormalities in her offspring. It is suggested that the parents of all newborns with a structural chromosomal abnormality be tested for HBsAg. PMID- 7351099 TI - Commentary: the Select Panel on Child Health. PMID- 7351100 TI - Infection in splenectomized sickle cell disease patients. PMID- 7351101 TI - Chlamydial pneumonia of infancy: further clinical observations. AB - Two patients with chlamydial pneumonia of infancy are described. One recovered spontaneously without any specific antichlamydial treatment. The other, prior to a belated antimicrobial therapy, developed a persistent and protracted respiratory illness characterized by wheezing. Our observations suggest that: (1) untreated chlamydial pneumonia of infancy may spontaneously resolve, or may become a persistent and protracted disease, and (2) wheezing may be a very prominent manifestation of the disease and should be differentiated from wheezing due to bronchiolitis and bronchial asthma. PMID- 7351102 TI - Urinary tract infections in children: effect of short course antibiotic therapy on recurrence rate in children with previous infections. AB - Eighty-five girls, ages 3-16, with a past history of recurrent urinary tract infections were treated for 10 days with either trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin or cephalexin. Patients with normal roentgenograms as well as those with reflux and cortical scarring were included. In the 12 weeks following completion of treatment, a significantly lower recurrence rate was noted in children who received trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. There was no difference in the recurrence rate whether or not radiographic abnormalities were present. No serious side effects were noted with any drug regimen. PMID- 7351103 TI - The hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with ECHO 22 infection. AB - Serologic evidence for ECHO virus 22 was found in 8 of 10 patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome. The virus was isolated from the stools of two patients. All these patients also had gastroenteritis prior to the development of the syndrome. The results of this study indicate that ECHO 22 virus is an agent with a strong association with hemolytic uremic syndrome in pediatric patients. PMID- 7351104 TI - A case of Mycobacterium avium infection: early detection by the auramine-O fluorescent technique. AB - Infection due to Mycobacterium avium is rare in man and its definitive diagnosis is based upon culture, usually taken from a cervical lesion. The lack of systemic involvement, the negative history for contact with tuberculosis, the normal chest roentgenogram and the fact that Mycobacterium avium complex grows slowly on standard Mycobacterial media, make it difficult to diagnosis. The purpose of this communication is to re-emphasize the possibility of infection by group III Mycobacterium complex in the differential diagnosis of children with cervical lymphadenitis and to describe the important use of Auramine-O fluorescent stain in the early detection of this disease. PMID- 7351105 TI - Kala-azar as a cause of disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - With our present day highly mobile population, the diagnosis of kala-azar must be considered in any patient presenting with fever, enlarged liver and spleen, anemia and leukopenia who has visited a region where this disease is endemic, particularly since the incubation period may be as long as a year. We report a case in which disseminated intravascular coagulation was an unusual complication. PMID- 7351106 TI - Congenital neurosyphilis and juvenile paresis: a forgotten entity? AB - Juvenile neurosyphilis is rare and may be arrested or modified in the early stage by antibiotic treatment for intercurrent infections. Inadequate treatment may weaken the signs and symptoms of neurosyphilis so much that a high index of clinical suspicion is required for early and correct diagnosis. It should be remembered, however, that benzathine penicillin does not constitute adequate treatment for neurosyphilis. PMID- 7351107 TI - Fever in the first six months of life: risks of underlying serious infection. AB - The age-specific rate of elevated temperature over 37.8 C was evaluated in all infants less than 6 months of age (n = 1341) seen from July 1, 1974 to June 30, 1978 in a family practice clinic. Mild elevations (37.8 C-38.3 C) were common even in the first few months of life, and accounted for 20.7 per cent of infant visits. Temperatures greater than 38.3 C are uncommon in the first months of life but are seen more frequently with each succeeding month. Temperature elevation over 38.3 C was associated with a significantly higher rate of meningitis (p less than .01), otitis media (p less than .001) and lower respiratory infection (p less than .05). Significantly higher laboratory usage was documented in infants less than 3 months and for infants with temperature more than 38.3 C. The high rate of mild temperature elevations in young infants suggests that a selective diagnostic strategy directed at high-risk infants is important. Infants less than three months of age with a fever exceeding 38.3 C are calculated to have 21.5 times the risk of a serious underlying infection as infants older than three months with a similar temperature elevation. Clinical evaluation must remain an important tool in determining which febrile infants should be evaluated by further laboratory and diagnostic tests. PMID- 7351108 TI - Pneumococcal vaccine in children. PMID- 7351109 TI - Adherence of elderly patients.to treatment with pentoxifylline. AB - A study of adherence to treatment was conducted by 179 general practitioners in elderly outpatients with geriatric cerebral symptomatology treated with pentoxifylline. The drug was provided in 2 different randomized packages, with or without memory-aid stickers (also randomized). Compliance was assessed by pill count after 1 mo of treatment. Clinical evolution was assessed by a digit-span test, and by filling in 9 "relative" visual analogue scales of aggravation- improvement. Side effects were recorded from patient complaints. Leftover drug was brought back by 83.1% of patients, and this proportion was influenced neither by packaging type nor memory-aid stickers. Compliance was considered good (fewer than 30 tablets returned) in 62% of patients, and was not influenced by either packaging types or stickers. Peaks of pill count were evident at multiples of packaging units (10 or 40 according to type). Compliance was not related to age or sex, but was related to memory score. There was a correlation between compliance and clinical improvement, and a significant inverse correlation between the former and the frequency of side effects. PMID- 7351110 TI - Kinetic discrimination of three sulfamethazine acetylation phenotypes. AB - The relationship between sulfamethazine disposition kinetics and acetylator phenotype was studied in 19 healthy subjects. Various kinetic parameters for sulfamethazine and its N4-acetylated metabolite were determined after a dose of a rapidly absorbed oral solution. When plotted on a frequency distribution histogram, the results exhibited a well-defined trimodal pattern for acetylation clearance values and overall elimination or metabolic rate constants. These data were consistent with the well-recognized acetylation polymorphism for sulfamethazine, except that they clearly subdivided the previously acknowledged "fast" acetylator mode into intermediate and rapid acetylator groups. The apparent distribution volume and renal clearance for sulfamethazine and acetylsulfamethazine did not differ significantly among the 3 phenotypes. Of special interest was the observation that rapid acetylators initially produce much greater amounts of acetyl metabolite than intermediate acetylators. The potential clinical implications of identifying rapid and intermediate acetylators are discussed in view of evidence showing that acetyl metabolites may be pharmacologically active or function as intermediates in toxic metabolic pathways. PMID- 7351111 TI - Sleep and Michaelis-Menten elimination of ethanol. AB - Ethanol (0.6 gm/kg) was given orally as a cocktail to 6 healthy fasted volunteers (3 men and 3 women) on 4 separate occasions at 2300 hr. Subjects were recumbent and remained awake in 2 sessions while sleep was allowed in the other 2. An indwelling forearm venous catheter was used to allow blood sampling without disturbance of sleep, and 20 serial blood samples (2 ml) were drawn at appropriate intervals in the 8 hr after the cocktail. Blood ethanol concentration was determined by a head-space gas chromatographic technique and Michaelis-Menten parameters (Vm and Km) were estimated from data in the terminal elimination phase. Mean estimates were Vm awake = 0.214 +/- 0.009 mg/ml/hr (SEM), Vm asleep = 0.221 +/- 0.017, Km awake = 0.069 +/- 0.009 mg/ml, and Km asleep = 0.085 +/- 0.016. These values were slightly lower than literature reports for elimination in ambulant patients during the daytime. Mean differences in Vm and Km between the awake and asleep groups and between sexes were not significant (p greater than 0.05). PMID- 7351112 TI - Clinical biostatistics. L. On choosing a mean and other quantitative indexes to describe the location and dispersion of univariate data. PMID- 7351113 TI - Influence of gastric pH on digoxin biotransformation. I. Intragastric hydrolysis. AB - 3H-digoxin-12 alpha and unlabeled digoxin were administered down a nasogastric tube and digoxin, digoxyigenin and its mono- and bis-digitoxosides, and pH were assayed in gastric fluid of 6 healthy subjects at intervals for 90 min each under 4 conditions: pentagastrin infusion 6 micrograms/kg/hr with the subjects ambulatory and supine, and saline infusion ambulatory and supine. Intragastric hydrolysis occurred at roughly the same rate as reported in vitro. At 90 min, an average of 12.5% of the radioactivity that remained in the gastric fluid was recovered as digoxin for the 2 conditions when pentagastrin was infused, compared with 52.5% for th 2 conditions when saline was infused. The main glycosidic metabolite was digoxigenin and the amount correlated closely with the hydrogen ion activity in gastric fluid at 90 min (r = 0.83, p less than 0.01). Only minor differences were found between the supine and ambulatory conditions. The clinical significance of these results remains to be determined. PMID- 7351114 TI - 4-Hydroxypropranolol and its glucuronide after single and long-term doses of propranolol. AB - The disposition of the pharmacologically active 4-hydroxypropranolol (HO-P), its glucuronic acid conjugate (HO-P-G), and propranolol were compared after single intravenous and oral doses of propranolol in 6 normal subjects and after long term therapy in 32 patients with hypertension or coronary artery disease. The areas under the plasma concentration/time curves (AUCoo, ng . hr/ml) after 4-mg intravenous doses of propranolol were 6.6 +/- 2.2 (mean +/- SEM) for HO-P and 55 +/- 11 for propranolol. After 20- and 80-mg oral doses the AUCoo for HO-P were 59 +/- 9 and 162 +/- 21 and for propranolol were 72 +/- 9 and 306 +/- 46. Peak HO-P concentrations were reached at 1 to 1.5 hr after the oral doses. Although there was a rapid decline in plasma HO-P between 1.5 and 3 hr when HO-P-G was still rising to levels above HO-P levels 3.5- to 5-fold, the apparent half-lifes (t1/2s) after 3 hr were in the same range for HO-P, HO-P-G, and propranolol (3.0 to 4.2 hr). While during long-term therapy plasma HO-P rose over the whole dose range (40 to 960 mg daily) in an apparently linear fashion, the HO-P/propranol plasma level ratio fell from 1.07 +/- 0.13 at 40 mg daily to only 0.09 +/- 0.01 at 640 mg daily. Plasma HO-P-G rose exponentially with dose and demonstrated significant cumulation. HO-P and HO-P-G in urine accounted for about 9% of long term propranolol doses. This study suggests a significant contribution of HO-P to pharmacologic effects, in particular at low single and long-term oral doses of propranolol and saturation of naphthalene ring oxidation as a main determinant of propranolol bioavailability. PMID- 7351115 TI - Rebound hypertension after sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension. AB - Patients undergoing surgical procedures using sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension were studied to determine the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of rebound hypertension (RH) after discontinuing sodium nitroprusside (SNP) infusion. Retrospective observations documented RH in 9 of 12 patients (group I) with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) increase from 112 +/- 3.92 before SNP to 144 +/- 5.60 torr 10 min after SNP (p less than 0.001). In 12 patients (group II), plasma renin activity (PRA) rose from 950 +/- 432 to 3,611 +/- 1.874 pg/ml/hr (p less than 0.0005) during SNP and remained elevated (2,504 +/- 792 pg/ml/hr) 30 min after cessation of SNP. SBP rose from a control (pre SNP) value of 112 +/- 5.24 to 129 +/- 8.52 torr after discontinuation of SNP (p less than 0.05). Significant PRA and SBP changes did not occur in a matched group of patients (group III) who did not receive SNP. That RH after cessation of SNP infusion was associated with persistent elevation of PRA leads us to suggest that RH may be attributable to the unopposed effects of the renin-angiotensin system after the rapid plasma disappearance of SNP. PMID- 7351116 TI - Metabolic disposition of methyldopa in hypertensive and renal-insufficient children. AB - The serum levels of methyldopa and its principle metabolites were assessed in 22 hypertensive children, of whom 13 had impaired renal function. A significant correlation was found between the magnitude of the renal dysfunction and the serum levels of methyldopa, alpha-methyldopa-sulfate, alpha-methyldopamine, and alpha-methyldopamine-sulfate. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those with normal (serum creatinine less than or equal to 1.0 mg/100 ml) and those with abnormal (serum creatinine greater than 1.0 mg/100 ml) renal function. The serum level of alpha-methyldopa-sulfate and not of methyldopa was elevated in those with renal dysfunction. The serum levels of alpha-methyldopamine and, in particular, its 3-0 sulfate conjugate were markedly elevated in patients with renal disease. These data suggest that the enhanced sensitivity to methyldopa in patients with impaired renal function may be due in part to alpha-methyldopamine. PMID- 7351117 TI - Disposition of 14C-guanabenz in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 7351118 TI - Tocainide kinetics after intravenous and oral administration in healthy subjects and in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - Tocainide is structurally related to lidocaine but may be used orally as well as intravenously. A therapeutic plasma concentration range of 25 to 45 mumole/l has been suggested. Tocainide kinetics were studied in 6 healthy subjects and 16 patients with acute myocardial infarction. There was good accordance in kinetics of healthy subjects and patients. After intravenous administration the mean t1/2 was about 14 hr, volume of distribution about 3.0 l/kg, and corrected renal clearance about 140 ml/min. An average of 35% of the dose was recovered unchanged in urine. After oral administration the absorption rate was rapid relative to the elimination rate, extent of bioavailability was complete, and the apparent volume of distribution was the same as that after intravenous injection. A dose regimen of 750 mg intravenously directly followed by 800 mg orally and subsequently 400 mg 3 times daily resulted in therapeutic plasma levels within 15 min. The plasma levels remained within the therapeutic range throughout a period of observation from 48 to 168 hr. PMID- 7351119 TI - Prevalence of high (3S)-3-hydroxyquinidine/quinidine ratios in serum, and clearance of quinidine in cardiac patients with age. AB - In the sera from 42 patients receiving quinidine, (3S)-3-hydroxyquinidine (3-OH), an active metabolite of quinidine, and quinidine were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. These results were added to those of 25 other patients reported previously. The 3-OH/quinidine ratio averaged 0.34 +/- 0.17 (SD) with a range of 0.10 to 0.90. Eleven patients (16%) had ratios above 0.50. After adjusting for protein binding differences between the 2 compounds, these 16% had 3-OH concentrations in serum water greater than that of quinidine. An additional 7 patients (10%) of the total) had levels of this metabolite in serum water slightly less than that of quinidine. A histogram showing the frequency distribution of 3-OH/quinidine in serum indicates extensive skewing with possibly a bimodal distribution with the antimode at 0.50. Thus, 3 OH may make a significant contribution to the effect of quinidine therapy in a fraction of treated patients. The clearance of quinidine decreased with age, indicating the need for, on the average, higher doses of quinidine in the young. PMID- 7351120 TI - Autoinduction of carbamazepine metabolism in children examined by a stable isotope technique. AB - Autoinduction of carbamazepine (CBZ) metabolism was investigated in 3 children (10 to 13 yr old) using tetradeuterium-labeled CBZ (CBZ-D4). Prior to treatment, CBZ and CBZ-D4 given as a mixture had almost identical kinetics in each patient. During maintenance therapy with CBZ, part of the CBZ was exchanged for CBZ-D4 on 3 occasions. The clearance of CBZ-D4 given on the second day of therapy was 0.036 +/- 0.003 1 . kg-1 . hr-1, whereas it had been 0.028 +/- 0.003 before treatment. After 17 to 32 days of treatment, clearance doubled (0.056 +/- 0.010) but during the next 4 mo there was no further increase, indicating that the autoinduction was complete within 1 mo. As a corollary there was a decrease in steady-state plasma levels. PMID- 7351122 TI - Inheritance of phenytoin hypometabolism: a kinetic study of one family. PMID- 7351121 TI - One and three doses of propranolol a day in hypertension. AB - In 26 patients with essential hypertension who were on continuous chlorthalidone therapy, 1 and 3 daily doses of propranolol were compared in a crossover study. Plasma propranolol levels and heart rates had larger daily fluctuations on single dose therapy than on 3 times daily; plasma renin activity was more constant. There was no significant difference in blood pressures. Once-daily propranolol dosage was well tolerated and possibly gave less rise to the troublesome side effect of vivid dreaming. PMID- 7351123 TI - Identifying the speech codes. PMID- 7351124 TI - Individual differences in procedures for knowledge acquisition from maps. PMID- 7351125 TI - A feature-integration theory of attention. PMID- 7351126 TI - The significance of exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 7351127 TI - Exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia. Clinical features, relation to chronic ventricular ectopy, and prognosis. AB - To determine the clinical status, the occurrence of chronic ambulatory arrhythmias, and the prognosis of patients with exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia, 26 patients with ventricular tachycardia during or immediately following exercise on a treadmill were evaluated. Of the 26 patients, 16 had coronary arterial disease, two had nonischemic cardiomyopathy, and eight had no other cardiac disease. Eleven (61 percent) of the 18 patients with heart disease developed ventricular tachycardia during exercise, in contrast to six (75 percent) of eight normal subjects who had ventricular tachycardia after exercise. In eight patients with repeat stress testing, four (50 percent) had reproducible ventricular tachycardia or malignant ventricular ectopic beats. In 19 (73 percent) of 29 patients, malignant ventricular ectopy occurred on random 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring; ventricular tachycardia occurred in 5/26 (19 percent), and malignant ventricular ectopic beats occurred in 14/26 (54 percent). Fifteen (83 percent) of 18 patients with cardiac disease vs 4 (50 percent) of eight normal subjects (P less than 0.05) evidenced malignant ventricular ectopy during ambulatory monitoring. Only one episode of sudden cardiac death occurred in 24 patients followed for 21 months. Thus, 30 percent (eight) of the patients with exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia had no evidence of heart disease. Furthermore, exercise-provoked ventricular tachycardia presaged sudden death in only one of 24 patients; however, ventricular tachycardia with exercise correctly predicts the presence of chronic advanced ventricular ectopic beats or ventricular tachycardia in 73 percent (19/26) of the patients. PMID- 7351128 TI - Primary right cardiac tumor. Detection by echocardiographic and radioisotopic studies. AB - A primary tumor of the right atrium and right ventricle was detected in a 17-year old male patient by noninvasive techniques, ie, M-mode echocardiograms and gated blood-pool cardiac scan combined with myocardial imaging with radioactive 201thallium. The clinical presentation was unusual, and validation of the echocardiographic and isotopic findings was obtained by contrast angiograms. Surgical pathologic findings defined the tumor as a poorly differentiated sarcoma. PMID- 7351129 TI - Endobronchial lipoma causing unilateral absence of pulmonary perfusion. AB - Endobronchial lipoma is a slowly growing benign neoplasm of the large bronchi, which, if left untreated, has a significant morbidity and mortality. Endobronchial lipoma is still rare, with only 50 reported cases in the English literature, including the following case. This case illustrates the sequela of main-stem occlusion of the airway due to this tumor and, to our knowledge, represents the first reported case of unilateral absence of pulmonary perfusion due to an endobronchial lipoma. Proposed mechanisms for unilateral absence of perfusion due to an endobronchial lipoma are discussed. PMID- 7351130 TI - Congenital unilateral absence of the left pulmonary artery. Echocardiography in reverse. AB - This study demonstrates that when the heart is markedly displaced posteriorly to the left, or perhaps to the right, the posterior approach may make echocardiographic evaluation possible. Thus, in a patient with congenital unilateral absence of the left pulmonary artery, with marked displacement of the heart posteriorly, it was possible to obtain a satisfactory echocardiogram "in reverse" from the back, whereas no echoes were obtainable from the standard anterior positions. PMID- 7351131 TI - Catamenial pneumothorax associated with endometriosis of the diaphragm. AB - A case of catamenial pneumothorax is documented. At thoracotomy, there was a small black mass measuring 10 x 6 mm associated with surrounding petechiae on the top of the dome of the right diaphragm. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of endometrial tissue. We could not find any diaphragmatic defect in this case. PMID- 7351132 TI - Early detection of pleural fluid. AB - Displacement of a sharp "costophrenic angle," rather than blunting of the "costophrenic angle," is emphasized as one of the earliest signs of pleural fluid. Examples of this sign are illustrated, and its pathophysiology is discussed. PMID- 7351134 TI - Prolonged hemodynamic effectiveness of sustained release isosorbide dinitrate. PMID- 7351133 TI - Isolated right ventricular mechanical alternans in right ventricular infarction. AB - The phenomenon of isolated mechanical alternans of the right ventricle is described in the setting of right ventricular infarction. We also discuss the resemblance of right ventricular infarction to cardiac tamponade or pericardial constriction. PMID- 7351135 TI - Neisseria sicca pneumonia. PMID- 7351136 TI - MB isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinase and exercise stress tests. PMID- 7351137 TI - Unusual hepatocellular and cardiovascular complications of disopyramide. PMID- 7351138 TI - Physiologic effects of chest percussion and postural drainage. PMID- 7351139 TI - Irritable airways. Early indicator of occupational lung disease. PMID- 7351140 TI - Prediction of postoperative pulmonary function with the lateral position test. A prospective study. AB - Ten patients undergoing pneumonectomy were evaluated with the lateral position test (LPT) in addition to routine pulmonary function tests (PFTs). On the basis of the percentage of ventilation estimated to be contributed by each lung on LPT, predictions were made for expected values for each patient's post-pneumonectomy PFTs. One to three months after surgery patients were again evaluated with complete pulmonary function studies. Results were found to agree closely with preoperative predictions in most patients. We conclude that the easily performed LPT, previously found to yield values which correlate with those found on bronchospirometry and macroaggregate lung scanning, does indeed yield acceptable results clinically and is deserving of more widespread application, especially in the large number of institutions without nuclear medicine capabilities. PMID- 7351141 TI - Increased bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine in nonsmoking grain workers with normal lung function. AB - We measured nonspecific bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine in 26 lifetime nonsmoking grain handlers and 29 lifetime nonsmoking unexposed control subjects matched for age, sex and specific conductance. Routine lung function tests revealed a total lung capacity that was higher in control subjects than in workers (P less than 0.05) with no difference in other subdivisions of lung volume, or expiratory flow rates between the two groups. An index of allergy was significantly greater in the control subjects than in the grain workers (P less than 0.01). None of the grain handlers was sensitive to grain dust by history or by skin tests. Respiratory symptoms (cough, sputum, dyspnea, or wheezing) were more prevalent in the grain workers than in controls (P less than 0.05). The mean concentration of histamine required to reduce the specific conductance by 35 percent was 4.5 +/- 2.0 mg/ml in grain workers and 5.9 +/- 3.0 mg/ml in controls (P less than 0.05). Chronic exposure to grain dust in nonallergic individuals appears to be associated with both increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms and increased nonspecific bronchial reactivity when compared to nonexposed control subjects. PMID- 7351142 TI - Anergy in active pulmonary tuberculosis. A comparison between positive and negative reactors and an evaluation of 5 TU and 250 TU skin test doses. AB - Based on induration of less than 10 mm at 48 and 72 hours, 49 of 200 (25 percent) patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis failed to respond to intermediate (5TU) strength PPD. Distribution of reactors vs nonreactors was similar with regard to sex but not race, with more white subjects proving to be nonreactive. Additional comparisons between the two groups revealed significantly higher values in the responder population for age, in vitro lymphocyte response to PPD, total serum protein and serum IgG. Responsiveness of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin was also increased in this group, but only at lower mitogen concentrations. Alternatively, the nonresponder group demonstrated higher values for alpha-1 globulins. A group of nontuberculous patients similarly subjected to skin testing showed negative reactivity to 5 TU PPD at the much higher incidence of 152/173 (88 percent). The 49 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 152 nontuberculous patients who did not respond to 5 TU PPD were further tested with 250 TU PPD. In the group with tuberculosis, 30/49 (61.2 percent) demonstrated positive reactions, whereas only 55/152 (36.2 percent) nontuberculous patients showed induration equal to 10 mm or higher. Skin testing with the recall antigens TOE and SK-SD indicated that only 3/200 (1.5 percent) tuberculous patients could be classified as being anergic; 9/200 (4.5 percent) were specifically anergic to PPD and 7/200 (3.5 percent) demonstrated questionable anergy to PPD as judged by a 250 TU PPD response that was greater than 5 but less than 10 mm. PMID- 7351143 TI - Acute histoplasmosis. Description of an outbreak in northern Louisiana. AB - An outbreak of acute histoplasmosis occurred in northern Louisiana in September 1977. All six men who cleared a field of bamboo cane known to be a blackbird roosting site were affected. All had clinical and roentgenographic findings of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, and all recovered. Seroconversion or fourfold rise in antibody to Histoplasma capsulatum yeast--or mycelial-form antigens were demonstrated in five. Immunodiffusion testing showed that all six patients developed H capsulatum M bands, and two developed H bands specific for active infection. The H capsulatum was isolated from the soil in the cane field. This is the first report of an outbreak of histoplasmosis in Louisiana and the first known isolation of H capsulatum from Louisiana soil. PMID- 7351144 TI - Mechanisms of anergy in tuberculosis. PMID- 7351145 TI - Bedside pulmonary angiography utilizing an existing Swan-Ganz catheter. AB - A single view, wedge, pulmonary angiogram was performed at bedside in nine patients using a Swan-Ganz catheter which had been inserted previously for other indications. Criteria for consideration of a bedside study were as follows: (1) a clinical suspicion of significant, acute pulmonary embolism; (2) the inability or inadvisability of transferring the patient for definitive studies; and (3) a Swan Ganz catheter in situ. Seven of the nine patients subsequently died. Of five patients who underwent necropsy, three positive studies and one negative, were confirmed. No post-mortem evidence for embolism could be demonstrated in one patient with a positive study. Of the two patients who survived, one negative study was confirmed with a negative radionuclide perfusion lung scan. There was no morbidity or mortality associated with the procedure. These data suggest that this technique is safe and has a role in the early diagnosis of significant pulmonary embolism in selected critically ill patient. PMID- 7351146 TI - Exercise myocardial scintigraphy with 201-thallium. Use in patients with mitral valve prolapse without associated coronary artery disease. AB - Thirty patients with angiographically documented mitral valve prolapse but without associated coronary artery disease, underwent exercise 201thallium myocardial scintigraphy. The resting ECG demonstrated ST segment abnormalities in 15 patients (50 percent). The exercise ECGs were abnormal in two patients (6.7 percent), normal in four (13.3 percent), and inconclusive in 24 patients (80 percent). Two patients (6.7 percent) had abnormal exercise myocardial scintigraphy (both patients had abnormal exercise ECGs). Two additional patients (6.7 percent) had perfusion abnormalities in the rest images that did not change with exercise. Twenty-six patients (86.4 percent) had normal scans. We conclude that the majority of patients with mitral valve prolapse have normal exercise 201thallium images in the absence of associated coronary artery disease and exercise electrocardiography is of limited value in patients with mitral valve prolapse because the results are frequently (80 percent) inconclusive. PMID- 7351147 TI - Coronary arteriography in asymptomatic patients after myocardial infarction. The need to distinguish between clinical investigation and clinical care. PMID- 7351148 TI - Coronary angiography soon after myocardial infarction. AB - We evaluated 198 consecutive survivors of acute myocardial infarction and performed selective coronary angiography in 117 of 131 (89 percent) patients who were deemed candidates for angiography by clinical criteria. Overall, left main CAD (greater than or equal to 70 percent stenosis) was found in ten patients (8.5 percent), three vessel CAD in 41 patients (35 percent), two vessel CAD in 37 patients (31.5 percent), single vessel disease in 27 patients (23 percent) and zero vessel disease in two patients (2 percent). Factors suggesting multivessel disease included older age, history of prior myocardial infarction, and post infarction convalescence complicated by angina pectoris. Factors not discriminating between single and multivessel disease were sex, infarct extent (transmural vs non-transmural), (3) infarct location (anterior vs inferior), and post-infarction convalescence complicated by late arrhythmia or heart failure. This study demonstrates that multivessel coronary artery disease is common in survivors of myocardial infarction and is suggested by the occurrence of post infarction angina and by the history of an antecedent myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography can be performed safely within 30 days after myocardial infarction in patients with an uncomplicated convalescence and with mild risk in those with a complicated convalescence. PMID- 7351149 TI - Histoplasmosis outbreaks: recommendation for mandatory treatment of known microfoci of H capsulatum in soils. PMID- 7351150 TI - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. An analysis of proficiency. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the number of procedures necessary to become proficient in flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination. I performed 99 bronchoscopic procedures during a formal training program under the direct supervision of instructors with varying experience. There were no statistical differences in the bronchoscopic accuracy among the instructors whose experience ranged from 100 to 4,000 bronchoscopic procedures. This implied that 100 procedures were necessary to become proficient in fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination. Immediately following the formal training program, I performed 35 consecutive bronchoscopic procedures without supervision. The diagnostic accuracy of these procedures was not statistically different from the accuracy during the training program. This study suggests that 100 flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopic procedures are sufficient to become proficient. PMID- 7351151 TI - Density dependence of expiratory flow and bronchodilator response in asthma. AB - Change in the magnitude of density dependence of the maximal expiratory flow (D/MEF) following inhalation of isoproterenol was used as a test for predicting the long term response to isoproterenol vs atropine in 24 adult patients with longstanding asthma. Eleven subjects showed a decrease in D/MEF manifested by increase in volume of isoflow (VisoV) and/or decrease in Vmax50 Helox/air following isoproterenol inhalation (group 1). Thirteen subjects manifested an opposite response (group 2). Atropine sulphate (0.08 mg/kg) and isoproterenol hydrochloride (2.5 mg) were then administered by inhalation, each four times a day for seven days in a randomized double-blind cross over fashion to all subjects. One of group 1 but ten of group 2 subjects had a greater subjective and objective improvement with atropine than with isoproterenol (P less than .005). An increase in D/MEF following isoproterenol can be used as a test to predict a better response to atropine than to isoproterenol over a one week period. Such a response occurs in almost half of the adult chronic asthmatic patients. The results are consistent with a preferential dilatation of the large airways by atropine. PMID- 7351152 TI - Is there a drug of choice for vasodilator therapy in patients with refractory heart failure? PMID- 7351153 TI - Pulmonary gangrene occurring as a complication of pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - Eighteen well-documented cases of pulmonary gangrene as a complication of bacterial pulmonary infections have been reported in the literature. These infections were due to Klebsiellapneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Hemophilus influenzae. We describe four patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who developed pulmonary gangrene. Vascular thrombosis and arteritis were found in three of these four patients, and this vascular complication seems to be necessary for the development of pulmonary gangrene. PMID- 7351154 TI - Echocardiographic identification of intrapericardial fibrous strands in acute pericarditis with pericardial effusion. AB - In three cases of acute pericarditis with pericardial effusion, the presence of fibrous strands within the fluid-filled pericardial cavity was demonstrated by M mode and cross-sectional echocardiography. Pericardiocentesis proved difficult in all three. No patient progressed to constrictive pericarditis. PMID- 7351155 TI - Roentgenogram of the month. Asymptomatic branching shadow in the lung. PMID- 7351156 TI - Structure-function correlations in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases (CPC). Disappearance of symptomatic coronary heart disease and death from a noncardiac condition. Clinical conference from the Pathology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda. PMID- 7351157 TI - National survey of exercise stress testing facilities. AB - This report surveys the method, volume, protocol, criteria for a positive test, and complications of 518,448 exercise stress tests at 1,375 centers. Exercise test capacity was estimated at 2,147,450. An even distribution of bicycle, Master and treadmill testing was seen by regions within the country. The majority were using the Bruce protocol. The S-T segment depression of .5 mm was considered positive by 4.6 percent; 1.0 mm by 75.4 percent; 1.5 mm by 14.0 percent, and 2.0 mm or greater by 11.9 percent of the centers. Complications were 3.58 infarctions, 4.78 serious arrhythmias, and 0.5 deaths per 10,000 tests. Total of all complications was 8.86 per 10,000 tests. We conclude that exercise stress testing has increased with office-based testing undergoing the greatest expansion. This has been associated with few complications and greater safety. PMID- 7351158 TI - Femoral-cerebral angiography in infants and children. Analysis and comparison with direct puncture/retrograde brachial technique. AB - The technique of femoral-cerebral catheterization in infants and children is described, and a series of 1,869 procedures is analyzed for complications. Clinical complications occurred in 12 of 678 or 1.8% of examinations while radiographic complications were discovered in 38 of 1,869 or 1.1% of procedures. The results are compared to a similar retrospective study of a large series (2,184 procedures) of direct puncture/retrograde brachial studies in a similar patient population at the same institution in which there was a 2.6% clinical complication rate and a 4.3% radiographic complication rate. Those factors which predispose to complications, clinical or radiographic, are more pronounced in the younger age groups but affect the direct puncture/retrograde brachial technique to a greater degree. The lower morbidity, greater selectivity and improved comfort make the femoral-cerebral route preferable for neuroangiographic studies in infants and children. PMID- 7351159 TI - Clinical analysis of arteriovenous malformations in children. AB - 28 cases of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in children were analyzed and compared with 18 adolescent and 106 adult cases. The findings were: (1) intracerebral hematoma due to rupture of AVMs and focal neurologic deficits were more frequent in children, (2) Operative mortality was higher in children than in adults in cases where total removal was not feasible. (3) Follow-up results suggested that the prognosis in children was less favorable than in adults. (4) When dealing with spontaneous intracerebral hematoma in children care should be taken to search for underlying cryptic AVMs. PMID- 7351160 TI - Development of the cerebrospinal fluid pathway in the normal and abnormal human embryos. AB - The subarachnoid space, the chorioid plexus and the arachnoid villi are microscopically studied in 60 normal human embryos and in 3 abnormal human embryos with rhombencephaloschisis and cervical myeloschisis. The subarachnoid space has been generally considered to be developed by outflow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the choroid-plexus origin from the IVth ventricle. This generally accepted concept does not meet with our findings: (1) cavity formation in the meninx primitiva is seen before appearance of the choroid plexus; (2) the primitive subarachnoid space is developed earlier in the prepontine region than in the area dorsal to the rhombic roof, and (3) the primitive subarachnoid space is formed in the embryos with dysraphism where the perineural subarachnoid space is separated from the ventricles. Apparently the embryonic pattern of CSF circulation should be much different from the generally believed pattern of adult, since the arachnoid villi are absent in the embryos and the ability of production of CSF in the embryonic choroid plexus is questionable. It is suggested that such embryonic pattern of CSF production and absorption may partly persist in adult human being. PMID- 7351161 TI - [Interstitial nephritis]. PMID- 7351162 TI - [MTCL test]. PMID- 7351163 TI - [Clonidine in the management of hypertensive crisis (author's transl)]. AB - Haemodynamic data were obtained by means of Swan-Ganz balloon catheters in eight patients during hypertensive crisis. After obtaining control values, 150 microgram clonidine in 10 ml isotonic sodium chloride was administered intravenously over ten minutes. During the hypertensive crisis there was a moderate rise in pulmonary artery and right ventricular pressures, in addition to a rise in systemic arterial pressure. In addition there was a lower than normal cardiac index, averaging 2.2 l/min.m2, a reduced stroke volume of 49.3 ml, a markedly elevated peripheral vascular resistance of 3584 dyn.s.cm-5, and an elevated cardiac work index of 5.08 kg.m/min.m2. After clonidine administration there was a significant fall in systolic, diastolic and mean femoral artery pressures (P less than 0.005), without any significant fall in pulmonary artery and right ventricular pressures. At the same time there was a further fall in cardiac index to an average of 1.85 l/min.m3, largely due to a reduced heart rate. Stroke volume fell slightly in only two patients. Peripheral vascular resistance did not fall significantly, while cardiac work index was significantly below the control value as late as four hours after clonidine administration. PMID- 7351164 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the subclavian artery (author's transl)]. AB - Percutaneous transluminal balloon-catheter dilatation successfully removed the stenosis in three out of four patients with obstruction of a subclavian artery. The arm oscillogram became normal and after an average of four months later the three patients remain without symptoms. The method is particularly suitable, as an alternative to operative intervention, if the stenosis is in the proximal part of the subclavian artery. PMID- 7351165 TI - [Unrecognised carpal tunnel syndrome in diabetic polyneuropathy (author's transl)]. AB - Neurological disturbances of the hands occurred in three female patients with diabetic polyneuropathy and were initially considered a manifestation of the polyneuropathy. Precise investigation showed that besides diabetic nerve lesions an additional mechanical damage of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel had occurred. Clinical and electromyographic follow-up controls showed stable conditions in one patient and progression of the carpal tunnel syndrome in two others. After bilateral neurolysis complete freedom from symptoms was achieved. The combined occurrence of diabetic polyneuropathy and distal nerve compression syndromes has not been described up to now. PMID- 7351166 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of gold after administration of aurokeratinate (author's transl)]. AB - Aurokeratinate (Auro-Detoxin) was administered intramuscularly to patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis, using two different dosage schedules and measuring serum gold concentration. (1) Using slowly rising doses (as generally practised) the gold level gradually rose to 3.2 microgram/ml after four weeks (before the ninth injection), without reaching cumulation equilibrium. Elimination from serum occurred during this phase, with a half-life of 3-5 days. When treatment was continued at about 25 mg gold twice weekly, the cumulation equilibrium was reached with a minimal value at 3.5 microgram/ml and a maximal one of 6 microgram/ml, elimination half-life then being increased to nine days. During the subsequent maintenance treatment with 65 mg gold once a month the serum-gold concentration fell to about 1 microgram/ml, maximal values being about 6 microgram/ml, with an elimination half-life of 11 days. (2) With a constant dose of about 25 mg gold twice weekly, cumulation equilibrium was reached after two weeks (3.4 microgram/ml before the fifth injection), while on 50 mg gold every 14 days as maintenance dose the serum concentration was between 2 microgram/ml minimally and 6 microgram/ml maximally. At the modified dosage the drug was well tolerated. PMID- 7351167 TI - [Pain therapy using simple analgesics]. PMID- 7351168 TI - [Immediate surgery following subarachnoid hemorrhage?]. PMID- 7351169 TI - [Lymphocytosis]. PMID- 7351170 TI - [Sudden death in infancy]. PMID- 7351171 TI - [Vestibulo-cerebral syncopes]. PMID- 7351172 TI - [Old age pension in group practices]. PMID- 7351173 TI - [Biliary calculus perforation into the duodenum]. PMID- 7351174 TI - [Nitrosamine formation from pyrazolone derivatives?]. PMID- 7351175 TI - [Ulcerative colitis and granulomatous enteritis (author's transl)]. AB - Radical operative treatment of ulcerative colitis and regional granulomatous enteritis leads to satisfactory short-term results. The high mortality of one stage proctocolectomy in the acute case can be markedly reduced by a staged operation. The same applies for surgery in toxic megacolon. Preservation of continence in ulcerative colitis is rarely possible without endangering long-term results. Chances of evading life-long ileostoma in granulomatous enteritis are very much better. The prominent ileostoma represents a great step forwards. Conservatively treated patients with ulcerative colitis are by no means free from the risk of dangerous complications. 10% had to undergo surgery in the end and only 36% were symptom-free according to their own evaluation. Out of patients with ulcerative colitis treated with procto-colectomy and ileostoma 75% were completely symptom-free. Patients with symptoms had not obtained a prominent ileostoma or it was unsuccessful. Acute ileitis should not be treated operatively. Surgical treatment of chronic granulomatous enteritis need seldom be urgently performed and should be carefully evaluated. Late mortality in operated patients occurs only in the young, in a small percentage due to relapse. PMID- 7351176 TI - [Peripheral vestibular vertigo (author's transl)]. AB - In 88 patients with benign paroxysmal postural vertigo and repeated attacks of vestibular vertigo the clinical and electronystagmographic findings were evaluated in a retrospective study. After an interval of at least two years 16 patients with paroxysmal postural vertigo were symptom-free 39 had rare or (and) tolerable vertigo, 30 frequent and (or) disturbing recurrent postural vertigo. Five patients showed transition into spontaneous recurrent attacks of vertigo. Out of 37 patients with single vestibular vertigo after an interval of at least 4 weeks 9 had unilateral caloric unresponsiveness, 11 hyporesponsiveness, 11 spontaneous nystagmus and 6 normal findings. 58 patients with recurrent vestibular vertigo could be differentiated into two groups: 29 with signs of labyrinthine damage and 29 with persistent normal findings in the interval even after many years of the disease. The two groups were significantly different in their age of manifestation. It is thus justified to separate functional from organic vestibulopathies. Not even in the group of organic vestibulopathy was there any clear-cut evidence of general vascular disease as the underlying cause. PMID- 7351177 TI - [Nitrogen balance during modified fasting (author's transl)]. AB - Protein-substituted or protein-saving modified fasting (PSMF) is intended to prevent high protein loss during total fasting by use of low-dose substitution. 27 obese in-patients were treated over a period of four weeks with modified fasting. The daily amount of protein substituted was 33 g on an egg-white base (Modifast). As in total fasting the nitrogen balance of the first and second week was negative, balanced in the third week and positive in the fourth. The total balance over 4 weeks was negative with a nitrogen loss of 70.7 g N, equivalent to a protein loss of 442 g (lean body mass). Nitrogen and protein loss in PSMF over 4 weeks was only a third of the loss in total fasting (-183.2 g N equivalent to 1145 g protein). Protein-substituted modified fasting may be used for more than 4 weeks as nitrogen balance is stabilised as from the third week, and remained so until the end of the observation period of 8 weeks. PMID- 7351178 TI - [Acute therapy of uncomplicated myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7351179 TI - [Cervical spine syndrome with phrenicus paralysis]. PMID- 7351180 TI - [Benzodiazepin receptor. Experimental artefact or part of an important unknown neural regulation mechanism in central nervous system?]. PMID- 7351182 TI - [Engagement examination]. PMID- 7351181 TI - [Endoscopic papillotomy. Indication and success]. PMID- 7351183 TI - [Meningoencephalitis immunoglobulin]. PMID- 7351184 TI - [Rheumatic fever: present status (author's transl)]. AB - In general, there is a falling incidence of rheumatic fever in the Federal Republic of Germany. Data from 1949 to 1977 at the University Children's Clinic Mainz indicate that in the last few years rheumatic carditis and arthritis occurred with the same severity and frequency in relation to the total number of cases as 20--25 years ago. Merely the number of recurrences has been significantly lowered since the introduction of penicillin prophylaxis. The reduction in recurrences is the main reason why acquired heart disease has become less common. PMID- 7351185 TI - [Acute renal and pulmonary failure with synchronous diffuse peritonitis and haemorrhagic-necrotizing pancreatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7351186 TI - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis (authors' transl)]. AB - Five cases of bacterial endocarditis are reported to illustrate typical findings in the echo-cardiogram. Serial echocardiograms provide a non-invasive method of determining localisationand extent of vegetations or lesions, as well as haemodynamic changes. This facilitates early consideration of possible surgical valve replacement. PMID- 7351187 TI - [Appendicitis and kidney calculi]. PMID- 7351188 TI - [ABO blood groups and life expectancy]. PMID- 7351189 TI - [Conservative treatment of deep leg thromboses]. PMID- 7351190 TI - [Operations by doctors in graduate education]. PMID- 7351191 TI - [Worsening of arterial occlusive diseases by pentoxifylline?]. PMID- 7351192 TI - [Inheritance of hemochromatosis]. PMID- 7351193 TI - [Endoscopic papillotomy for acute pancreatitis caused by biliary disease (author's transl)]. AB - In 15 patients with acute pancreatitis caused by biliary disease endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed after diagnostic ERCP. All patients had a history of symptoms pointing to long-standing biliary disease, such as typical right-sided upper abdominal pain, signs of biliary stasis, and jaundice. An impacted solitary ampullar stone was demonstrated in eight patients while in seven several stones were found in the biliary tract. In one patient pancreaticogram also revealed a gall-stone which had slipped in Wirsung's duct. After endoscopic sphincterotomy and extraction of stone rapid and marked improvement occurred in all 15 patients and the biochemical abnormalities were restored towards normal. All patients became pain-free immediately after the procedure. The markedly raised levels of serum-alpha-amylase (mean of 21 700 U/l immediately before the procedure) fell tonormal values within 48 hours (400--3000 U/l). Endoscopic sphincterotomy is thus an alternative to early operation in acute pancreatitis of biliary origin. PMID- 7351194 TI - [Pulmonary fibrosis due to working with hard metals (author's transl)]. AB - Hard metals are worked with in numerous small industries. Thus hard metal fibroses are probably more frequent than has been supposed up to now. Observations on three patients have shown that a dry cough may preceed demonstrable manifestations by several months. As the full picture of the disease is hard to influence therapeutically an immediate change of job should be encouraged as soon as suspicious symptoms occur. PMID- 7351196 TI - [Esophagus displacement caused by osteophytes]. PMID- 7351195 TI - [Retroperitoneal fibrosis and Riedel's thyreoditis]. PMID- 7351197 TI - [Cholestatic hepatitis following antiarrhythmic propafenone therapy]. PMID- 7351198 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, lymphogranulomatosis X and T-zone lymphoma]. PMID- 7351200 TI - [Diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse]. PMID- 7351199 TI - [Gastrointestinal hormones in pathogenesis of obesity]. PMID- 7351201 TI - [Surgery of chronic venous insufficiency (varicose veins)]. PMID- 7351202 TI - [Immobilization following pacemaker implantation]. PMID- 7351203 TI - [Urge incontinence]. PMID- 7351204 TI - [Effectiveness of Cendehill vaccine in the prophylaxis of rubella embryopathy (author's transl)]. AB - Recent rubella infection (rubella-specific IgM positive, raised rubella complement fixation reaction and haemagglutination inhibition) could be demonstrated during a prophylactic investigation in early pregnancy in a 19-year old girl previously successfully immunised with Cendehill vaccine (seroconversion). Due to the seroconversion demonstrated during school age no interruption was performed. The newborn baby had a rubella-HAI-antibody titre in the umbilical blood of 1 : 640, but no rubella-specific IgM antibodies (also at later controls). Rubella infection of the child in utero could thud be excluded. This for the first time confirms the protective effect of the Cendehill vaccine in the prophylaxis of rubella embryopathy. PMID- 7351205 TI - [Syphilis antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid and their diagnostic significance (author's transl)]. AB - Serum and CNS fluid from 45 patients was tested to provide serum/CNS fluid ratios for IgG, albumin and TPHA titre, as well as protein ratios after Delpech and Lichtblau. Local production of specific antibody in the CNS was demonstrated in 10 of 11 patients with a clinical diagnosis of active neurosyphilis. In 16 patients with questionably active neurosyphilis there were only seven with findings supporting the diagnosis of neursyphilis. Local formation of syphilis antibodies was not demonstrated in any of 18 patients without evidence of CNS syphilis. These findings indicate that demonstration of CNS production of immunoglobulins and confirmation of their treponema specificity provide a further means of serodiagnosis of neurosyphilis. PMID- 7351206 TI - [Liver resection in focal nodular hyperplasia and liver cell adenoma (author's transl)]. AB - Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver was found in 3 women, and liver cell adenoma in a 4th woman. There is a possible association with the use of oral contraceptives. The indication for operation in these cases depends on the size of the tumour (danger of rupture of tumour and haemorrhage). It is also present when a malignant tumour cannot be excluded. Resection of the liver was performed predominantly with good results so far. Three of the patients described underwent the same surgical procedure. For the future one should aim at tumour enucleation alone. PMID- 7351207 TI - [Interactions of quinidine and digoxin]. PMID- 7351208 TI - [Fluorescein-dilaurate test]. PMID- 7351209 TI - Loss of ecdysterone sensitivity of a Drosophila cell line after hybridization with embryonic cells? PMID- 7351210 TI - Structure and dynamics of the bovine milk fat globule membrane viewed by freeze fracture. PMID- 7351211 TI - Comparative studies on testosterone and L-thyroxine effects on the synthesis of nerve growth factor in mouse submaxillary salivary glands. PMID- 7351212 TI - Temporal sequence of replication of the chicken-specific DNA in Chinese hamster chick red blood cell hybrids. PMID- 7351213 TI - Selective survival of neurons from chick embryo sensory ganglionic dissociates utilizing serum-free supplemented medium. PMID- 7351214 TI - Analysis of the myogenic lineage in chick embryos. I. Studies on the terminal cell division. PMID- 7351215 TI - Identification of a 110 000 molecular weight protein associated with heterogeneous nuclear RNA and messenger RNA in rat liver cells. PMID- 7351216 TI - Expression of a specific neuronal protein, 14-3-2, during in vitro differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. PMID- 7351217 TI - DNA synthesis and cell division in a mammalian cell mutant temperature sensitive for the processing of ribosomal RNA. PMID- 7351218 TI - Origin and rate estimation of the spontaneous loss of anchorage dependence of growth in BHK21 cells. PMID- 7351219 TI - Short-lived lymphoid cells respond more rapidly to stimulation by phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A. An explanation for the apparent inhibitory effect of vinblastine on the activation of lymphoid cells. PMID- 7351220 TI - The turnover of deoxyuridine triphosphate during the HeLa cell cycle. PMID- 7351221 TI - Organization of chromosomes in mitotic HeLa cells. PMID- 7351222 TI - Development of binaural input, response patterns, and discharge rate in single units of the cat inferior colliculus. PMID- 7351223 TI - The ponto-cerebellar projection in the rat: differential projections to sublobules of the uvula. AB - Microinjections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were made in different sublobules of the uvula (lobule IX, a, b, and c of Larsell, 1952) of the cerebellar cortex in the rat. These injections resulted in retrograde labeling of cells located in the pontine nuclei. Sublobule IXa receives a predominant input from a single column of cells situated in a dorsointermediate position in the caudal pontine nuclei. Sublobules IXb and IXc receive a pontine projection from two different columns of cells, one medial and one lateral. The location of the labeled cells in the lateral part of the caudal pons suggests a topographic projection to the subdivisions of the uvula. Sublobule IXa receives a projection from a distinct dorsointermediate region and sublobule IXb and IXc receive a projection from partially overlapping ventral regions. The cells of origin in the medial pons are organized such that more dorsally located cells project to sublobule IXb and ventrally located cells project to sublobule IXb with extensive overlap. These differential patterns of projections to the sublobules of the uvula along with other data in the literature suggest that sublobule IXa may be involved with different functional correlates than sublobules IXb and IXc. PMID- 7351224 TI - Recurrent interactions between individual motoneurones and dorsal root fibres in the frog. PMID- 7351225 TI - A direct pathway from thalamus to visual callosal neurons in cat. AB - Horseradish peroxidase was injected in the right visual cortex and a large electrolytic lesion made in the left lateral geniculate nucleus of an adult cat. Neurons of origin of the callosal projection to the injected cortex were identified by retrograde labelling and selected for electron microscopic study. Degenerating thalamo-cortical axon terminals were found to contact a labelled stellate cell in layer IV and a labelled pyramidal cell in layer III at the border region of areas 17 and 18. We conclude that there is a monosynaptic pathway from lateral geniculate nucleus to the cells of origin of callosal axons to the contralateral visual cortex. PMID- 7351226 TI - Grating acuity of the golden hamster. The effects of stimulus orientation and luminance. AB - Twelve golden hamsters learned visual discriminations in a Y-maze for a food reward. After initial training on a light/dark task, the hamsters learned to discriminate a grating from a uniform grey field of the same mean luminance as the grating; grating orientation was varied among hamsters. Those animals trained with the grating vertical or horizontal learned significantly faster than those trained on obliques. Acuity, measured by varying the spatial frequency of the grating according to the descending method of limits or the method of constant stimuli, was determined to be about 0.7 c/deg at 50% correct or 0.5 c/deg at 70% correct for all orientations tested (0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees). Acuity was relatively constant within the human photopic range, but decreased to about 0.35 c/deg at 5 x 10(-4)cd/m2. The change in acuity as a function of luminance suggests that the hamster has a rod-dominated retina. PMID- 7351227 TI - Cumulative effect of brief daily periods of monocular vision on kitten striate cortex. PMID- 7351230 TI - Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 6. Anatomical evidence consistent with the existence of C3-C4 propriospinal neurones projecting to forelimb motornuclei. PMID- 7351229 TI - Postnatal development of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the normal and enucleated albino mouse. AB - Quantitative data (numbers of neurones and glial cells, total volumes, internuclear volumes) were obtained during normal development and after bilateral and unilateral enucleation at birth in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) of the mouse, at 5, 10, 30, 60, and 180 days postnatal. During normal development there is a neuronal loss of about 30% up to 30 days, at which age the total number of neurones stabilises at around 17,000. Glial proliferation and an increase in the volume of LGNd continues at least to 180 days. More severe degenerative effects were found after bilateral than after unilateral enucleation. At 180 days, bilateral enucleation leads to a neuronal loss of 27% compared to the controls, with a glial deficit of 53% and a decrease in the volume of LGNd of 57%. Degenerative effects were very different in LGNd contralateral or ipsilateral to enucleation in monocularly enucleated mice, due to the extensive crossing of the retinal fibres. At 180 days, we found a deficit of 10% in the numbers of neurones and glial cells, in the ipsilateral LGNd compared to normal: the volume of LGNd was slightly less (3%) than in controls. The contralateral LGNd after unilateral enucleation behaved like LGNd after bilateral enucleation until 60 days. At 180 days, some minor modifications were found, showing an additional neuropil decrease of 13% and an additional neuronal loss of 6% in the bilaterally enucleated LGNd compared to the unilaterally enucleated contralateral LGNd. The time-course of degeneration both after bilateral and unilateral enucleation was discussed. PMID- 7351228 TI - Cerebellar afferents from the trigeminal sensory nuclei in the cat. AB - The cerebellar afferent projection from the trigeminal sensory nuclei (TSN) was studied by means of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The projection is almost exclusively ipsilateral. Three cortical regions, viz., the intermediate-lateral part of lobulus simplex with the adjacent area of lobule V, the rostralmost folia of the paramedian lobule with the surrounding parts of crus I and II, and lobule IX, especially its rostral two folia, are the main targets for the cerebellar afferent fibres. A few fibres reach also the other cerebellar regions, as shown in Fig. 3. Most of the cerebellar afferent fibres originate in the nucleus interpolaris with nucleus oralis as the second most important region. The projection from the principal nucleus is moderate and reaches primarily the area of the crura bordering on the paramedian lobule and lobule IX. The projections from the nucleus caudalis and nucleus mesencephalicus are scanty. The fibres from the latter reach only the vermal region. The findings are discussed in relation to previous anatomical and physiological observations. PMID- 7351231 TI - Conditioned modifications of arousal and unit activity in the rat hippocampus. PMID- 7351232 TI - HDL-mediated cholesterol elimination from human arterial tissue. Influence of serum cholesterol levels. PMID- 7351233 TI - Cell repair after liver injury. Membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and amino acids in post-ischemic livers. PMID- 7351234 TI - Morphological and biochemical differences among grossly-defined types of swine aortic atherosclerotic lesions induced by a combination of injury and atherogenic diet. PMID- 7351235 TI - Effect of remote aortic injury and thrombosis on cholesterol atherosclerosis. PMID- 7351237 TI - Effect of ethinyl estradiol on endothelial permeability to 125I-labeled albumin in female rats. PMID- 7351236 TI - Similarity of aortic pathology in Marfan's syndrome, copper deficiency in chicks and B-aminopropionitrile toxicity in turkeys. PMID- 7351238 TI - On the stochastic modeling of tracer kinetics. AB - Virtually all of the mathematical models in current use to describe tracer kinetics are deterministic (non-stochastic). However, in this paper we suggest that the "real world" of tracer kinetics is stochastic, and we formulate a unified one-compartment model structure that incorporates multiple sources of stochasticity. The stochastic models are presented with various combinations of a probabilistic transfer mechanism, a random rate coefficient, and a random initial condition, and the mean value functions and covariances are derived for these models with both time-independent and time-varying rate coefficients. The covariances have unique forms that are helpful in model identification and many of the means are non-exponential functions. Outstanding among the conclusions are 1) a proof that a deterministic model is not always equivalent in an average sense to its stochastic counterpart; 2) the existence of many rich, practical, and realistic alternatives to the exponential decay function; and 3) the notion that models are identifiable from their covariance structure. PMID- 7351239 TI - Kinetic analysis of cooperative ligand binding: applications to the insulin receptor. AB - We have developed a mathematical model for the kinetics of cooperative binding, assuming a linear relationship between the dissociation rate constant kd' and receptor occupancy, and have extensively explored its properties. Under ideal conditions changes in receptor occupancy by the hormone are coupled to changes in its dissociation rate. However, the correlation between receptor occupancy and the apparent dissociation rate can be obscured or even reversed in the presence of minor nonspecific binding, incomplete separation of bound and free ligand, and/or when there is a short lag period between the true onset of dissociation and measurement of "initial" binding. The present model and computer simulation studies suggest ways to reconcile otherwise conflicting observations. These results provide a basis for improved experimental design, to test the ability of this class of cooperative models to describe hormone binding systems. PMID- 7351240 TI - Relationship between alkaline proteolytic activity and protein degradation in rat heart. PMID- 7351241 TI - Congressional budget politics: implications for funding of biomedical research. PMID- 7351242 TI - Hormonal regulation of protein degradation and synthesis in skeletal muscle. PMID- 7351243 TI - The role of lysosomes and lysosomal enzymes in cardiac protein turnover. PMID- 7351245 TI - Application of pharmacokinetic principles in practice. PMID- 7351244 TI - Control of muscle proteolysis in insects. AB - In metamorphosing insects entire muscle masses may be destroyed within a matter of hours. The breakdown is controlled by neural and endocrine mechanisms; more recent evidence suggests tha a decrease in availability of oxygen occurs shortly prior to the onset of rapid involution. There are at least two phases of lysis, the slower first phase occurring in functioning muscle. Electron microscopic evidence suggests an early change in the morphology of the Z-line, followed several hours later by dissolution of the myofilaments. During the phase of rapid involution, a 60,000--70,000 dalton protein appears transiently in the tissue. Current evidence suggests that the rate-limiting step in the degradation of myosin is reduction to this presumed fragment; beyond this point, the muscle proteins are rapidly degraded to amino acids or small peptides. PMID- 7351246 TI - Pharmacokinetic and adaptation factors involved in testicular toxicity. AB - In the male gonads, factors that modify toxicity include the pharmacokinetic parameters governing the absorption, distribution, activation, and detoxication of toxicants; covalent binding to macromolecules; and DNA damage as well as DNA repair of damaged germ cells. All of these factors are being studied in our laboratory at the present time. The male germ cells are protected by a biological barrier comparable to that which retards the penetration of chemicals to the brain; permeability constants for the two are nearly identical. Toxication and detoxication processes are present in both the seminferous tubule and interstitial cellular compartments. The balance of toxication-detoxication processes apparently favors the germ cells; detoxication reactions are relatively more abundant in the seminiferous tubules. Unscheduled DNA repair has been shown in spermatogonia and spermatocytes; spermatids and sperm lack DNA repair capability. The DNA repair capacity associated with spermatogenic cells appears to be dose-dependent and saturable. Understanding the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the blood-testis barrier, toxication and detoxication mechanisms as well as DNA repair systems in male gonads will allow a better understanding of species comparison and reproductive and genetic toxicity. This understanding will also increase the reliability of extrapolating laboratory animal data to man and estimating human risk. PMID- 7351247 TI - Incorporation of background in dose-response models. AB - Dose-response models are generally classified as either threshold-tolerance or mechanism models. These models are briefly reviewed and their impact upon low dose estimation is discussed. The concept of independent versus additive backgrounds is explored. The mathematical implications are considered with the conclusion that additive background implies linearity and that the assumption of total independence of background is required to justify nonlinearity at low doses. This finding has important implications to low-dose extrapolations for the purpose of risk estimation. PMID- 7351248 TI - Design and optimization of tracer experiments in physiology and medicine. PMID- 7351249 TI - Identifiability in tracer experiments. AB - The paper deals with structural identifiability of compartmental systems via tracer experiments, i.e., with the problem of stating a priori whether a planned input-output identification experiment allows the estimation of all unknown parameters of a compartmental system. Compartmental models and tracer experiments are briefly reviewed. A formal definition of structural identifiability is given on the basis of system theory concepts. A structural identifiability test is presented and necessary conditions are given which can be tested on the compartmental diagram, without writing the symbolic expressions of the input output relationships. Three examples are presented; the first two show how to practically employ the suggested rules, while the third one refers to a pharmacokinetic model. PMID- 7351250 TI - Sensitivity analysis of biosystem models. PMID- 7351251 TI - Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 64th Annual Meeting. Anaheim, California April 13--18, 1980. Abstracts of papers. 1--3013. PMID- 7351252 TI - Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 64th Annual Meeting. Anaheim, California. April 13--18, 1980. Abstracts of papers. 3014--4925. PMID- 7351253 TI - Reproductive history of women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. PMID- 7351254 TI - Congenital atresia of the uterine cervix and vagina: three cases. AB - The outcome of surgical intervention in three patients with congenital atresia of the cervix seen at our institution is reviewed. The results are compared with results in all cases reported in the literature. The embryologic mechanisms that are involved in lower Mullerian tract formation are discussed. In our opinion surgery to preserve fertility in these patients offers little chance of success at great risk and should not be attempted. PMID- 7351255 TI - The luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome and endometriosis. PMID- 7351256 TI - Breast examination does not elevate serum prolactin. AB - Serum prolactin and cortisol levels were measured in 24 patients entering the Royal Victoria Hospital infertility center both before and after a thorough physical examination that included a pelvic examination and a search for galactorrhea in both breasts. There was no significant change in the levels of prolactin or cortisol in the group as a whole in those with normal prolactin values and those with high basal prolactin values (P less than 0.05). The possible role of stress in the mediation of occasional elevation of basal prolactin values is discussed in relation to the serum cortisol levels. PMID- 7351257 TI - Vasectomy: etiology of infectious complications. AB - Semen was cultured prior to vasectomy for voluntary sterilization. Postvasectomy infectious complications occurred only in patients with positive preoperative semen cultures. The offending pathogen was the same organism found in the semen culture. This evidence for an endogenous cause of postoperative vasectomy infections suggests that a semen culture and antimicrobial sensitivity be obtained prior to vasectomy. In this manner the correct antimicrobial agent can be instituted as an aid to rapid resolution of a postvasectomy infection. PMID- 7351258 TI - Vasovasostomy: a comparison of macroscopic and microscopic techniques at one institution. AB - During a 5-year period between 1973 and 1977, 87 patients underwent vasovasostomy to correct postvasectomy sterility. Sixty-one patients had single-layer macroscopic reanastomoses and 26 patients had two-layer microscopic reanastomoses. Patency rates of 90% and 96% and pregnancy rates of 46% and 54% for the macroscopic and microscopic techniques were achieved. PMID- 7351259 TI - Reappraisal of the value of testicular biopsy in the investigation of infertility. AB - One hundred and forty-two biopsies were reviewed to reappraise the value and indications for testicular biopsy in the investigation of infertility. These biopsies were categorized within the following morphologic patterns: normal, hypospermatogenesis, maturation arrest, Sertoli cell-only syndrome, and Klinefelter's syndrome. The morphology of the biopsies was correlated with the available sperm count, and the contribution of the biopsy to the patient's treatment was assessed. Testicular biopsy has proved most useful in azoospermia for the identification of obstruction. In oligospermia, biopsy appears to be of little use. PMID- 7351260 TI - Bromelin for liquefaction of cervical mucus in sperm antibody testing: its effect on spermagglutinating immunoglobulin G. AB - Incubation of cervical mucus with the proteolytic enzyme bromelin is known to result in complete liquefaction of the gel. This effect has been used in the detection spermagglutinating antibodies in cervical mucus. However, the well known papain-like effect of bromelin on human immunoglobulin G (IgG) might be expected to lead to an underestimation of the sperm antibody activity in cervical mucus. This possibility was investigated by studying the effect of bromelin on known amounts of purified IgG from four spermagglutinating sera. Serologic testing of bromelin-treated samples of cervical mucus mixed with purified IgG revealed no effect on spermagglutinin titers, whereas a significant effect was observed on purified IgG alone. Inert proteins in cervical mucus seem to protect the antibodies against degradation, apparently by substrate competition. Liquefaction of cervical mucus by bromelin seems to be a better basis for the assessment of the sperm antibody content of the mucus than extraction procedures, which have been shown to give a deficient yield. PMID- 7351261 TI - Transport of ova transferred to rabbit oviducts at varying intervals after human chorionic gonadotropin injection. AB - Ova obtained from donors were transfered to the oviducts of New Zealand White rabbits at various times after injection of human chorionic gonadotropin. The rabbits were killed at varying intervals after transfer. The genital tracts were removed, divided into segments (ampulla, isthmus, uterus, and vagina), and flushed to recover the ova. The experiments demonstrated the following: (1) A mechanism is present that retains some of the transferred ova above the ampullary isthmic junction (AIJ). This mechanism is most efficient 60 hours after hCG injection. (2) Transferred ova that succeed in negotiating the AIJ are found in locations appropriate to the time elapsed from ovulation, rather than from transfer; i.e., they "catch up" to the endogenous ova. PMID- 7351262 TI - A bilateral fallopian tube pregnancy: case report. PMID- 7351263 TI - A new entity in varicocele subfertility: the "cremasteric reflux". PMID- 7351264 TI - Enhancement of sperm motility by treatment with streptokinase-streptodornase (Varidase). PMID- 7351265 TI - HLA antigens in atopic dermatitis. A family study. AB - The HLA antigens in a family with atopic dermatitis were studied. All family members with atopic dermatitis had haplotype A2, Bw35, Cw4. It has been recently demonstrated that HLA type Bw35 is found with an increased frequency in atopic dermatitis. There appears to be an inconsistent and weak correlation between atopic dermatitis and HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C loci. PMID- 7351266 TI - Epidermal ridge disarrangement and Hamman-Rich syndrome. PMID- 7351267 TI - Circulating immune complexes in systemic scleroderma and generalized morphea. AB - There is growing evidence that pathologic changes in the vascular system are implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic scleroderma. It has been suggested that immune complex deposition may be responsible for such changes. We measured circulating immune complexes in 10 patients with severe systemic scleroderma, 1 of whom had clinical evidence of renal disease, and in 3 patients with generalized morphea. None of the patients had significantly elevated levels. Our findings suggest that although circulating immune complexes are of diagnostic and prognostic value in other collagen vascular diseases, they do not play a major role in the pathogenesis of systemic scleroderma in patients who lack clinical evidence of renal disease. PMID- 7351268 TI - A peculiar case of sporotrichosis. AB - A case of localized cutaneous sporotrichosis is reported. The lesion was granulomatous, without lymphatic metastasis. Histological examination revealed numerous spores and asteroid bodies. Sporotrichin reaction was negative, but after treatment with potassium iodide became positive. The peculiar features of this case seem to be due to some disturbances of cellular immunity. PMID- 7351269 TI - Dermatitis herpetiformis and vitiligo. AB - A 36-year-old woman developed vitiligo in areas with active dermatitis herpetiformis. Both diseases have been associated with autoimmune disorders. However, in the present case the vitiligo is believed to be an isomorphic reaction to the dermatitis herpetiformis lesions. PMID- 7351270 TI - Follow-up study after more than one year including 100 patients treated for superficial mycoses. AB - A total of 100 patients with dermatomycoses were treated with econazole nitrate 1% or with the same compound combined with triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%. The patients were supposed to undergo clinical and mycological follow-up examinations at an average of 15 months after cure had been obtained. Of the 100 patients, 83 were followed up: 78 (95%) reported neither relapses nor reinfections; 4 (5%) presented with clinical symptoms and positive mycological examination and in 1 patient the mycological examination was positive but no clinical symptoms were present. Generally speaking, the results can be considered excellent. PMID- 7351271 TI - Plasma zinc concentration in palmoplantar pustulosis. AB - In 18 ambulant patients with palmoplantar pustulosis low plasma zinc concentrations were observed. During treatment with an all-trans aromatic retinoid (RO-10-9359) the values increased while at the same time the skin condition improved in particular with regard to the pustule formation. The observed low plasma zinc values may in some way be related to pustulosis but not as causal factor. PMID- 7351272 TI - Vitiligo and the HLA system. AB - 77 Vitiligo patients were investigated for their HLA phenotype. Analysis of this material according to age of onset and ethnic origin revealed some significant characteristics. Young Jewish Moroccan patients showed a high frequency of B13 when compared to matching controls. Young patients of Yemenite origin had a strikingly high frequency of BW35. Jewish Yemenites showed a lack of B13 both in patients and in controls. It is suggested that studies by undertaken to clarify this problem further. PMID- 7351273 TI - Repeated staphylococcal pyoderma in two siblings with defective neutrophil bacterial killing. AB - 2 children with undue susceptibility to skin infections and isolated defective neutrophil bacterial killing are described. Since the NBT-reducing capabilities of granulocytes were normal, a mild form of chronic granulomatous disease was excluded. Ascorbic acid was effective in delaying and eventually suppressing infectious episodes. PMID- 7351274 TI - Deficit of cell-mediated immunity, chromosomal alterations and defective DNA repair in a case of dyskeratosis congenita. AB - A case of dyskeratosis congenita with depressed responsiveness to policlonal mitogens (PHA, Con-A, PKM) and negative skin tests (PPD, SK-SD, Candidin, Trichophytin) is reported. Chromatid breaks and reduction of the capacity of DNA repair were also present. The findings are discussed in relationship to the prognosis of dyskeratosis congenita. PMID- 7351275 TI - Levamisole plus indomethacin in the treatment of herpes simplex. AB - In 20 patients with severe herpes simplex, the combined use of levamisole 150 mg/day for 3 days every 2 weeks, plus indomethacin 25 mg daily for a maximum period of 6 months, gave some 75% favourable results. PMID- 7351276 TI - Disseminated neonatal herpes simplex infection treated with levamisole. Report of a case. AB - Levamisole has been used to treat a patient with disseminated neonatal herpes simplex infection. The skin lesions and the convulsions disappeared completely 20 days after therapy. A trial to reduce the dose of levamisole resulted in a new episode of seizures and skin lesions. A similar relapse was observed at the age of 7 months, which resulted in control of symptoms by increasing the dose of levamisole. The patient has received levamisole for 20 months. She is now 29 months old and is doing well without levamisole, except for a slight motor deficity. If further investigations confirm the present findings, levamisole may well become a useful agent in the treatment of disseminated herpes simplex infection. PMID- 7351277 TI - Immune complexes in scabies. In vitro study of the serum C1q fixation in the presence of mite and unparasited human scale extracts. AB - The in vitro addition of mice or human unparasited scale extracts to the serum of 8 patients with scabies and 5 healthy controls did not significantly modify the fixation of 125I-C1q as compared to control tubes (serum with physiological saline). These results suggest that antigens or substances derived from the scabies mite are not involved in the immune complexes present in the serum of the parasited patients. PMID- 7351278 TI - Effects of intravenous and intracutaneous bacillus Calmette-Guerin application on the drug-metabolizing system of the liver. AB - Both single intravenous and repeated intracutaneous injections of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) resulted in alteration of the hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes of the rat liver. The cytochrome P-450 content was not significantly altered; its activity (ethoxycoumarin O-dealkylation) was inhibited in both the intravenous and intracutaneous group. The arylhydrocarbon-hydroxylase and aminopyrine-demethylase activities were also diminished; decrease of cytochrome-c-reductase activity was noted after intravenous application only. Comparison of the results for the intravenous and intracutaneous application routes respectively showed qualitative and quantitative differences. The inhibitory effects of BCG treatment on the drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat liver can only partly be explained by changes in the cytochrome P-450 system. These findings might lead to reconsideration of dosage of drugs in cancer (malignant melanoma) patients treated by combined chemoimmunotherapy. PMID- 7351279 TI - Purpuric pityriasis rosea. PMID- 7351280 TI - [Carcinoma erysipelatodes (author's transl)]. AB - Carcinoma erysipelatodes (inflammatory metastatic carcinoma) is a rare metastatic carcinoma in the skin. It is usually associated with breast carcinoma, and the prognosis is short-termed. It closely resembles an acute infection, such as erysipelas or cellulitis. 2 patients with this syndrome are presented. One of them had carcinoma of portio uteri. The clinical appearance and the histological pathognomony are described, and a review of the literature is given. PMID- 7351281 TI - Autopsy findings of nonacid-fast bacteria in scleroderma. AB - Microscopic tissue sections stained for bacteria were studied from autopsy material from a fatal case of scleroderma (progressive systemic sclerosis). Extra and intracellular, variable-sized, pleomorphic but predominantly coccoid bacteria were observed in some organs such as in heart, lungs, adrenals, kidneys, pancreas, skin, and in the connective tissue. An attempt is made to correlated the ante-mortem skin culture material with the post-mortem histopathologic finding of bacteria. It is hypothesized that these microbes observed in tissue might represent in vivo, cell wall deficient L forms, which may be implicated in the pathogenesis of scleroderma. PMID- 7351282 TI - Acute effect of diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil) in patients with chronic diarrhea and fecal incontinence. AB - Fifteen patients with chronic diarrhea and fecal incontinence were admitted to a clinical research center and treated for 3 days with either placebo or diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil). The patients were then crossed over to the alternate medication. Lomotil had no effect on rectal or anal sphincter pressure or on continence for saline that had been infused into the rectum. However, Lomotil therapy reduced average stool frequency (from 4.9 to 2.6 times/day) and average stool weight (from 460 to 256 g/day). These results suggest that temporary or intermittent therapy with Lomotil and related drugs might benefit patients with chronic diarrhea and fecal incontinence. They should do this by virtue of a reduction in stool frequency and stool volume, without a deleterious effect on the defense mechanisms against incontinence. PMID- 7351283 TI - Colonic conservation of malabsorbed carbohydrate. AB - [14C]Sucrose absorption was studied in 4 healthy controls and 4 patients after jejunoileal bypass using an ileal perfusion technique which made it possible to distinguish 14C-absorption in the small bowel from that occurring in the colon. Healthy controls failed to absorb 2--4% of a 50-g dose of [14C]sucrose in the small bowel; however, virtually none of the [14C] appeared in feces in a dialyzable form with appreciable osmotic activity. In bypass patients, the small bowel failed to absorb 29--84% of the 50-g dose of [14C]sucrose. Approximately two-thirds of the nonabsorbed [14C] was in the form of sucrose and the remainder was nearly all present as monosaccharides. A mean of only 42% of the [14C] Not absorbed in the small bowel appeared in the feces and only about one-third of this fecal [14C] was in a dialyzable form with appreciable osmotic activity. Thus, the colon plays an important role in carbohydrate malabsorption by salvaging carbohydrate and reducing osmotic activity of the nonabsorbed sugar. This conlonic function appears to depend upon bacterial metabolism of the carbohydrate, and individual variations in diarrhea and weight loss associated with carbohydrate malabsorption could reflect individual differences in the bacterial flora of the colon. PMID- 7351284 TI - Acute colitis caused by Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni. AB - Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni has been recently recognized as a common human enteric pathogen; however, the pathology and pathophysiology of the enteritis caused by this agent are still largely obscure. We report 4 patients who presented with acute abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea and who had C. fetus ss. jejuni isolated from fecal cultures. Each patient showed a fourfold rise in serum IgG titer to the organism isolated. In all 4 patients colonic involvement was noted on sigmoidoscopic examination. Biopsy specimens showed acute colitis with inflammatory infiltrates of the lamina propria and crypt abscesses. Clinical improvement was complete in all patients after therapy with erythromycin. These results suggest that clinicians should consider Campylobacter enteritis in the differential diagnois of acute colitis. PMID- 7351285 TI - Transport of monosaccharides by the small intestine of genetically diabetic mice. AB - Small intestinal absorptive function was investigated in genetically diabetic mouse model (C57 BL/KSJ dbm) in order to determine the long-term effects of genetic and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus on intestinal function. Initial rates of uptake of nonmetabolizable glucose analogs, beta-methyl-D-glucoside and 3-O methyl-D-glucose were determined in diabetic mice and their littermate controls using everted sacs from proximal and distal halves of the intestine. In addition, intestinal weight, intestinal length, mucosal protein, and DNA were measured. There were no significant differences between controls and diabetics in rates of uptake by either proximal or distal segments. Kinetic characteristics of uptake, Km and Vmax, were similar in controls and diabetics. These results clearly demonstrate that intestinal transport of monosaccharides is not altered in genetic diabetes, and therefore are in contrast to augmented transport reported in the early phase of drug-induced diabetes but similar to the results observed in chronic drug-induced diabetes. However, diabetic mice exhibited stimulated intestinal growth similar to rats with chronic drug-induced diabetes. PMID- 7351287 TI - Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in celiac sprue: a cause of treatment failure. AB - The coexistence of nontropical sprue and advanced pancreatic insufficiency is uncommon. The purposes of this report are to: (a) describe 3 patients with non tropical spruc and severe pancreatic insufficiency, (b) determine the frequency, magnitude, and clinical importance of diminished pancreatic secretion in nontropical sprue, and (c) assess whether patients with pancreatic insufficency secondary to chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer have jejunal mucosal histologic abnormalities. In each of 3 patients with nontropical sprue and associated severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, an optimal clinical response required the appropriate treatment of both causes of malabsorption. Of 31 subjects with proved nontropical sprue, cholecystokinin-stimulated duodenal tryptic activity or lipolytic activity (or both) was reduced in 13 (42%) but severely reduced in only the three case reports (10%). The morphologic structure of the small bowel was normal in 21 patients with primary pancreatic insufficiency secondary to chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer. Mild-to moderate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is a frequent finding in untreated nontropical sprue, is presumably reversible, and rarely contributes to the development of steatorrhea. However, if patients with nontropical sprue fail to respond to a gluten-free diet, coexistent severe pancreatic insufficiency is a possible cause for treatment failure. PMID- 7351286 TI - Protective effect of prostaglandin E2 in the gastrointestinal tract during indomethacin treatment of rheumatic diseases. AB - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) induce the formation of bleeding gastric and intestinal ulcers in experimental animals. The damage can be prevented by prior local administration of prostaglandins, indicating that prostaglandins have protective properties on the gastrointestinal mucosa. The protective effect was studied in humans by measuring the fecal blood loss during indomethacin treatment of 18 patients with rheumatic diseases with and without concomitant oral supplementation with 1 mg prostaglandin E2 three times daily. The study had a randomized double-blind crossover design using 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes as marker of gastrointestinal bleeding. Indomethacin increased the daily fecal blood loss from 1.0 +/- 0.3 to 2.8 +/- 0.6 ml (P less than 0.005). When oral PGE2 was taken concomitantly, the blood loss was reduced to 1.1 +/- 0.2 ml daily (P less than 0.01), i.e., to the control level. Side effects of prostaglandin E2 were negligible, and the beneficial effect of indomethacin on joint status and symptoms was not interfered with. No changes were recorded in repeated blood tests except for a slightly reduced hemoglobin and a small but statistically significant reduction of serum-calcium during indomethacin treatment, an effect hitherto not described in normocalcemic human subjects. A protective effect on the gastrointestinal mucosa by oral prostaglandin E2 has by the present study been demonstrated also in humans. The protection is unrelated to the gastric acid secretion, which is not inhibited by oral prostaglandin E2. The finding may have clinical application, as gastrointestinal side effects and bleeding are common reasons for discontinuation of NSAID in patients with rheumatic diseases. PMID- 7351288 TI - Upper intestinal endoscopy induces hypoxemia in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - We studied the effects of fiberoptic upper intestinal endoscopy on blood oxygenation and cardiac rhythm in 13 patients. Six patients had normal pulmonary function or mild obstruction to air flow. None of these developed arterial oxygen desaturation during endoscopy. Seven patients had moderate to severe airflow obstruction. Six of these desaturated to less than 90%; the mean +/- SEM arterial oxygen tension changed from a baseline of 75 +/- 2 mm Hg to 54 +/- 2 mm Hg during endoscopy (P less than 0.01). Electrocardiographic changes during endoscopy occurred in 5 patients, 4 of whom had moderate to severe airflow obstruction. In 3 of these patients, the ECG changes were concurrent with desaturation. Patients with moderate to severe airflow obstruction frequently become hypoxemic and may develop cardiac arrhythmias during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. PMID- 7351289 TI - Bone disease in primary biliary cirrhosis: reversal of osteomalacia with oral 25 hydroxyvitamin D. AB - Bone disease and the response to oral 25-hydroxy-vitamin D were assessed in 7 women with primary biliary cirrhosis utilizing histomorphometric analysis of undecalcified iliac crest bone biopsies. Low serum concentrations of 25 hydroxyvitamin D rose from 9.2 +/- 6.7 (SD) to 151.0 +/- 103.7 ng/ml on oral 25 hydroxyvitamin D therapy (100--200 micrograms daily). On initial biopsy 5 of 7 patients had osteomalacia. Repeat bone biopsy in 6 patients after 6--8 mo of continued therapy revealed significant improvement in bone mineralization as reflected in fractional osteoid surface and relative osteoid volume. Osteomalacia healed in 4, improved in 1, and remained absent in 1. Trabecular bone volume, an index of mineralized bone mass, was diminished in 6 of 7 patients and did not change significantly over the 6--8-mo treatment period. We conclude that oral 25 hydroxyvitamin D corrects vitamin D deficiency and reverses osteomalacia in primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 7351290 TI - Clinical features and prognosis of severe chronic active liver disease (CALD) after corticosteroid-induced remission. AB - Disappearance of symptoms, resolution of most biochemical abnormalities, and histologic improvement to mild chronic inflammation were accomplished in 69 of 123 patients (56%) with severe chronic active liver disease treated with corticosteroids for up to 6.5 yr. Remission of at least 6 mo duration was possible in 35 of the 69 (51%) after discontinuation of therapy while others relapsed promptly and required retreatment. The likelihood of sustained remission was not predicted by initial clinical or biochemical features, although patients developing cirrhosis during treatment invariably relapsed. Subsequent courses of treatment after relapse were equally effective in again inducing remission, but the probability of another relapse increased after each successive therapy and was 86% after three treatments. Six of twenty-two patients (27%) followed for at least 4 yr after initial remission had three or more relapses. Although patients who relapsed were more likely to develop cirrhosis, manifestations of portal hypertension and immediate survival were not affected by relapse. Complete disappearance of all manifestations of active disease was possible in 12 of the patients entering remission (17%), but only patients without cirrhosis consistently sustained this improvement. We conclude that relapse after cessation of therapy frequently follows corticosteroid-induced remission of severe CALD, especially if cirrhosis develops, but does not jeopardize response to subsequent treatments or alter early prognosis. PMID- 7351291 TI - Red cell sodium and potassium contents in liver cirrhosis. AB - Red cell sodium and potassium contents were investigated in 57 patients with histologically proven liver cirrhosis and were compared with 13 controls without clinical evidence of liver disease. Patients with normal serum electrolytes (and without digoxin treatment) had normal red cell sodium content indicating no influence of the cirrhosis per se on the sodium-potassium pump or membrane permeability for sodium. Red cell potassium content was elevated, possibly as a consequence of subclinical hemolysis and a relatively young cell population. Hypokalemia was correlated to increased red cell sodium. Hyponatremia was correlated to low red cell sodium indicating reduced influx due to a decreased concentration gradient. According to the concept of the "sick cell syndrome," membrane failure and cellular gain of sodium and loss of potassium can lead to hyponatremia. Our findings of normal or low red cell sodium contents provide evidence against this mechanism as explanation for the often sever hyponatremia in terminal liver failure. The abnormalities found in the red cells could be attributed to secondary complications to the cirrhosis. PMID- 7351293 TI - Hepatic infarction in ulcerative colitis during pregnancy. AB - Acute hepatic failure developed at the time of parturition in a 27-yr-old woman. Liver biopsy demonstrated disseminated hepatic infarctions which were confined to the distal segments of the hepatic microcirculatory units. This episode of hepatic infarction was followed by persistent fever and cutaneous vasculitis, which resolved on prednisone therapy. The diagnosis of ulcerative colitis was made 5 mo after recovery from severe hepatic failure. PMID- 7351292 TI - Hepatotrophic effects of insulin on glucose, glycogen, and adenine nucleotides in hepatocytes isolated from fasted adult rats. AB - Previous evidence that portal blood insulin is an hepatotrophic factor led to this study of its effect on hepatocytes, isolated from fasted rats, in suspension culture. Control hepatocytes (C), noninsulin-treated, and those infused continuously at low (LI) and high (HI) levels of insulin were compared concurrently with regard to their survival, glucose transport, and intracellular concentrations of glucose, glycogen, and adenine nucleotides, over a 48-hr period of incubation. Low insulin was adjudged to be comparable to portal insulin concentrations in fasted animals and HI to those in fed animals. All hepatocytes had been depleted of glucose, glycogen, and adenine nucleotides at the start of the study by prior fasting of the rat. For the first 6 hr of culture, there was little difference between C, LI, and HI with reference to the above parameters. In contrast, after 48 hr of incubation, cell survival, as judged by the DNA content, was signficiantly lower in C compared with LI and HI. The transport of 3 -0-[methyl-3H] D-glucose was also significantly lower in C compared with LI and HI. The higher uptakes in both LI and HI were reduced by phloridzin, which had little effect on C. Correspondingly, the intracellular glucose concentrations in C were significantly lower than the extracellular glucose concentrations in contrast to those in LI and HI, which were comparable. For intracellular concentrations of glycogen and adenine nucleotides, the results of LI and HI were amalgamated as they were not significantly different from each other at 48 hr. Upon analysis, glycogen values were significantly higher for insulin-treated cells. Similarly, the total adenine nucleotide p-ol (ATP + ADP + AMP) also was clearly higher in HI + LI than in C. These results indicate that contrary to findings in studies with the perfused liver that have been of a short-term nature, insulin is necessary in the longer term (greater than 12 hr) for maintaining the transport of glucose into hepatocytes; thereby insulin promotes the maintenance of intracellular glucose, glycogen, and adenine nucleotide concentrations, and also enhances cell survival. PMID- 7351294 TI - Primary biliary cirrhosis and cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia: effect of partial plasma exchange. AB - The previously unreported occurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis with cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia is described. Red cell survival studies showed a t1/2 of 11.1 days. Partial plasma exchange increased red cell survival to 15.8 days. Concomitantly, alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, SGPT, and bilirubin was reduced in predictable amounts but rebounded to prepheresis levels quickly. Although partial plasma exchange was effective in increasing red cell survival and in reducing the level of selected abnormal plasma components, the patient died 3 mo after initiation of plasma exchange therapy. Partial plasma exchnage did not appear to have any long-term beneficial effects on either liver disease or the hemolytic process. PMID- 7351295 TI - Intractable diarrhea of infancy due to intestinal coccidiosis. AB - Intestinal coccidiosis in a 6-mo-old infant terminated fatally after 30 wk of continuous total parenteral nutrition, and proved refractory to treatment with antibiotics, hydrocortisone, and antimetabolic agents. Intestinal biopsies obtained at laparotomy revealed flattened mucosa infiltrated with coccidia at various stages of the parasites' life cycle. The course was characterized by severe diarrhea due to a cholera-like hypersecretion of intraluminal fluid. This case suggests that intestinal coccidiosis may be included among the small number of conditions responsible for authentic "intractable diarrhea of infancy." PMID- 7351296 TI - Toxic megacolon due to ischemic enterocolitis associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis. AB - A 46-yr-old man, in whom retroperitoneal fibrosis had been found 4 yr previously, presented with abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea, and marked dilation of the transverse colon with superficial ulceration. The megacolon was unresponsive to nasogastric suction, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and total parenteral nutrition. Arteriograms revealed total occlusion of the celiac axis and superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. Laparotomy showed encasement of the retroperitoneal vessels by dense fibrous tissue. A vascular bypass graft was performed, connecting the distal superior mesenteric artery to the right external iliac artery. This led to complete and lasting resolution of gastrointestinal complaints. PMID- 7351298 TI - CAM/CCR ratio in renal disease. PMID- 7351297 TI - Marked elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase activity as a manifestation of systemic infection. AB - Jaundice of severe bacterial infection is well known. Marked elevation of the alkaline phosphatase has not previously been emphasized as a manifestation of severe bacterial infection. We report 4 patients with bacterial infection manifested chemically by a markedly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and a minimally elevated serum bilirubin. PMID- 7351299 TI - Pentagastrin and diffuse esophageal spasm. PMID- 7351300 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux and liver cirrhosis. PMID- 7351302 TI - Anthropometric measurements in the elderly. AB - Anthropometric measurements (weight, skinfold thickness at triceps, subscapular and dorsum of the hand and circumference of upper arm and abdomen) of 126 aged subjects, studied in four groups, are reported. The relationship of any of these anthropometric parameters with energy intake was not significant in the majority of the groups. Abdominal circumference was the only measurement which showed a significant correlation with body weight in the males and females of the four groups. The use of abdominal circumference as an indicator of nutritional status needs further study. PMID- 7351301 TI - Alcohol and hepatic regeneration. PMID- 7351303 TI - Effects of long-term voluntary wheel exercise on male and female Wistar rats. I. Longevity, body weight, and metabolic rate. AB - Male and female Wistar rats (n = 140) age 1.5 months were maintained in either wheel-cage units or cage units for their entire life span. Voluntary wheel exercise significantly increased the mean longevity of both male and female rats compared with that of control rats. Between and within groups, growth duration was positively related to longevity, and growth rate was negatively related to longevity. These factors may explain differences in longevity between exercise and control groups and differences in longevity between male and female groups. These factors of growth, here defined in terms of body weight increment, may possibly account for many instances of group differences in longevity. PMID- 7351304 TI - Temporal variation of serum levels of vitamin B12, folate, iron and total iron binding capacity. AB - The influence of food ingestion and time of day on the serum levels of B12, folate, iron and total iron-binding values was studied. Food intake had no influence on serum B12, serum iron and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) levels, but serum folate rose rapidly. Serum B12 showed no change with time of day. Serum iron and TIBC fell significantly from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. Folate initially rose significantly over 5 h then fell at 12 h, but this fall did not reach statistical significance. Over a period of 1 year serum iron fell, but TIBC showed no significant change. Subjects without pernicious anaemia but with low B12 levels showed no significant change in serum B12 over 4 years. PMID- 7351305 TI - Analysis of the list of patients awaiting transfer from a geriatric department to local-authority welfare residential accommodation and evaluation of priorities. AB - An analysis of the waiting list of patients in the geriatric department waiting for transfer to welfare residential accommodation revealed that those who lived alone had no close relatives, had to pay rent for their accommodation and would need assistance with fees had to wait the longest for welfare accommodation while those who lived with relatives or who had close relatives, who owned their houses and appeared to be able to manage full fees gained access to welfare accommodation homes more quickly. It also was apparent that hose who were mentally confused were disadvantaged in that they took longest to transfer to a residential home. There should be a reappraisal of priorities for transfer of patients from hospital to a welfare home. PMID- 7351306 TI - Manual dexterity test in relation to obesity and hyperostosis frontalis interna in elderly women. AB - A manual dexterity test was performed in a population of elderly women. Obese subjects with hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) had a poorer performance than subjects with either HFI alone or obesity alone. The combined effects of cerebral arteriosclerosis and HFI is suggested as a possible explanation for these findings. PMID- 7351307 TI - Brain blood flow and mean transit time as related to aging. AB - Brain blood flow and mean transit time were measured in 41 normotensive control subjects aged from 21 to 76 years by using the intravenous 131I-RISA external counting method. The results showed a significant prolongation of mean transit time and a tendency to increase in brain blood volume relating to advancing age but no change in the blood flow. This indicates that prolonged transit time in the aged is probably due to the increased brain blood volume. PMID- 7351308 TI - Age-related changes in rat muscle collagen. AB - Age-related studies of collagen in slow, fast and cardiac muscle of the rat indicate that different fractions of collagen as well as total collagen content vary with age and type of muscle. The total collagen level increases by 30% in slow, 40% in fast and 50% in cardiac muscle as age advances from 5 to 25 months. Collagen of the muscles of old animals is less susceptible to the collagen degrading enzyme when compared to the young, and the activity of the enzyme decreases significantly with age. The decrease in (1) the solubility of collagen; (2) the amount of hydroxyproline released at 65 degrees C, and (3) the increase in the resistance of collagen to the degrading enzyme seen with aging, indicates that the stability of collagen increases in these muscles with aging. PMID- 7351309 TI - Effect of age and short-term cold stress on SDH activity and oxygen consumption of lizard brain. AB - The SDH (EC 1.3.99.1) activity of both whole brain and mid-brain homogenates and the specific oxygen consumption of mid-brain homogenate are significantly lower in old than in young lizards. Short-term cold stress (1 h at 0--4 degrees C) did not induce a significant change in the enzyme activity of the whole brain homogenate, but the activity was depressed in the mid-brain homogenate of lizards of both age groups, not showing appreciable age-dependency of the response. The respiratory rates of mid-brain homogenates of both young and old lizards were depressed following cold stress. Lizards of both age groups showed almost complete reversal of depressed respiratory rate during the same time, i.e. between 30 and 45 min of rewarming at room temperature (30 +/- 2 degrees C). Though statistically insignificant the old lizards showed a trend of slower rate of recovery as compared to the young lizards, suggesting further detailed studies on the problem in question. PMID- 7351310 TI - Brain-life span conjecture: a reevaluation of the evidence. AB - Empirical evidence for the conjecture that brain weight of mammals is a better predictor of life span than is body weight, is reexamined and evaluated in this paper. The original evidence was that for 63 mammalian species, log brain weight explained 79% of the log life span variance, whereas log body weight explained only 60%; thus, the correlation coefficient rbr for the linear regression of the log life span on log brain weight was 0.88, whereas the correlation coefficient rb for the regression of log life span on log body weight was 0.77. From data on 40 mammalian species (including three primates), we found rbr = 0.81 and rb = 0.75; from data on 35 primate species, we found rbr = 0.68 and rb = 0.65. Correlation coefficients rliv, radr for the regression of log life span on log liver weight or log adrenal weight, respectively, were rliv = 0.78 and radr = 0.81 for the same 40 mammalian species. We conclude that brain weight appears to be a slightly better predictor of life span than body weight but not better than adrenal weight. One primary reason why body weight is a poorer predictor of life span may be a result of its wider range of values compared with brain and adrenal weights. PMID- 7351311 TI - Taxonomic differences in the mammalian life span-body weight relationship and the problem of brain weight. AB - Despite the highly significant correlation between brain and body weight throughout the entire mammalian class, there are consistent differences between rodents, higher primates, carnivores, and ungulates. Primates have larger brains than carnivores of equal size, while rodents have smaller brains, and ungulates have similar-sized brains as carnivores with the same body weight. Further, life span correlates well with body weight for all mammals together (over 150 species), although there are large and consistent interorder differences. For a given body weight, carnivores have a shorter life span than primates, one as long as rodent, and one longer than ungulates. These differences in life span are not matched by the differences in brain weight. Therefore, the conjecture that brain size is a determinant of life span is not valid. PMID- 7351313 TI - De novo synthesis of purine nucleotides in human blood platelets. AB - Human blood platelets were found to carry the complete pathway of de novo purine nucleotide synthesis. The rate of purine synthesis was gauged by the rate of incorporation of precursor (14C)formate into purines. The effect on formate incorporation of several compounds known to inhibit purine synthesis de novo was studied. Adenine, orotic acid and azaserine inhibited purine synthesis, but hypoxanthine and allopurinol did not. Platelet content of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) and of ribose-5-pes. Incubation of intact platelets with high inorganic phosphate concentrations caused an increase in platelet PRPP content but did not affect R-5-P content or the rate of purine synthesis de novo. PMID- 7351312 TI - Influence of brinase on fibrinogen: fibrin transition in in vitro and in vivo studies. I. Influence of in vitro addition of brinase to plasma on the ethanol gelation test. AB - The incidence of positive ethanol gelation test (EGT) after addition of brinase (a proteolytic enzyme preparation from Aspergillus oryzae) to anticoagulated and non-anticoagulated human plasma was studied. In vitro addition of brinase to plasma causes positive EGT, and the incidence is dose-dependent. In plasma from warfarin-treated patients and/or after addition of heparin to plasma, prior to the addition of brinase, a significantly reduced incidence of positive EGT is observed. The incidence is lowest after heparin. Gels formed in the presence of heparin are easier susceptible to enzymatic degradation than those formed in the absence of heparin. PMID- 7351315 TI - Platelet aggregation related to age in diabetes mellitus. AB - Platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen was studied in 174 diabetic patients before entering a controlled clinical trial. The clinical characteristics have been precisely defined. The degree of retinal abnormality was assessed by fundus angiofluorography in every patient. Most patients had background retinopathy; the remainder were normal. All results were computer analysed. The only significant relationship observed was between platelet sensitivity to ADP which increases regularly in relation to age in both insulin- and non-insulin-treated diabetic patients with or without background retinopathy. Spontaneous platelet aggregation was observed in 13 subjects and was not correlated to the existence of a neuropathy or any other clinical characteristics. PMID- 7351314 TI - Importance of the liver in the regulation of platelet activity: effect of its functional exclusion (Eck fistula). AB - The functional exclusion of the liver, obtained with end-to-side anastomosis of the porta into the cava vein results in impairment of platelet activity. In fact the maximal amplitude and velocity of platelet aggregation in vitro are reduced in animals which undergo the operation and are examined 1 month later. Adding fibrinogen to the platelet-rich plasma after portacal anastomosis restores a normal type of aggregation indicating that the lack of this factor is involved in the phenomenon, even if alterations occurring to platelets may be implied, too. PMID- 7351316 TI - Are you paying unnecessary freight charges? PMID- 7351317 TI - Records' confidentiality upheld for psychotherapists' patients. PMID- 7351318 TI - Tax subsidies for medical care: should they continue? PMID- 7351319 TI - Abortion: issues of access, policy, rights continue to be tested. PMID- 7351320 TI - Inflationary pressures still plague hospitals. PMID- 7351321 TI - Women CEOs: they're good for the field, but is it good for them? AB - Although the hospital work force has traditionally included a majority of women, the number of female CEOs in recent decades has not been great/That situation may be changing, according to women who do hold top jobs in hospitals. PMID- 7351322 TI - Special unit treats problems of teenagers. AB - Designed to address the growing problems of teenage alcoholism, the adolescent alcoholism, the adolescent alcoholism unit at St. Anthony hospital, Columbus, OH, uses peer groups for therapy. PMID- 7351323 TI - The way we were--and are. AB - Today's trustees are more aware of their accountability than were their predecessors 30 years ago/Administrators have shifted their attention from inside to outside the hospital. PMID- 7351324 TI - Nurses told of need for more influence. AB - American Society of Nursing Service Administrators seeks to develop leadership role in resolving current nursing and health care issues. PMID- 7351325 TI - Multihospital clinical engineering. AB - Administrators of a multihospital system considered the options, assessed needs, and designed a clinical engineering department that provides services to 10 institutions. PMID- 7351326 TI - Fire reaction training that really works. AB - A hospital developed a new program to teach its personnel fire reaction techniques at their individual work locations. The training proved to be effective when a major fire occurred. PMID- 7351327 TI - Energy costs in food delivery calculated. AB - Identifying the energy costs and the 10-year life-cycle costs of available food delivery systems helped a hospital to select its new system. PMID- 7351328 TI - Minimum standards aid performance. AB - The pharmacy department at Virginia Mason Hospital developed a minimum standards document that has proved to be a valuable management tool. PMID- 7351329 TI - Ambulatory surgery offers quality, savings. AB - A hospital's ambulatory surgical center has eased census pressures on inpatient units and has offered patients and third-party payers substantial cost savings for high-quality care. PMID- 7351330 TI - Neurosensory center houses three institutes. AB - The facility's design and the interaction between the disciplines of neurology, otolaryngology, and ophthalmology it encourages make advances in these specialties possible. PMID- 7351331 TI - Fast work on new addition saves money. AB - A hospital administrator and a design team worked with clearly established needs and constraints and have made it possible to complete a special care addition in 18 months. PMID- 7351332 TI - Cluster design meets special, shared needs. AB - An addition to an inner-city hospital clusters emergency, surgery, and intensive care units and accommodates the latest technology for each while exploiting their functional similarities. PMID- 7351333 TI - Open design facilitates ICU monitoring. AB - A hospital's neonatal and pediatric ICUs were separated, expanded, and modernized. The general patient care areas were given an open design to make patient monitoring easier. PMID- 7351334 TI - Mental health unit serves many needs. AB - The mental health and alcoholism units at Mercy Hospital, Davenport, IA, are linked together by a central core area, yet they are designed to meet individual program needs. PMID- 7351335 TI - Unified CCU benefits patients and staff. AB - A unified critical care area provides improvement in patient care and a reduction in hospital expenses as a result of careful planning in the modernization of a city hospital. PMID- 7351336 TI - Hospice design keyed to program goals. AB - Informal residential setting fosters an atmosphere conducive to providing supportive care to patients and their families. The foremost consideration was patients' comfort and dignity. PMID- 7351337 TI - Neonatal ICU meets present, future demands. AB - Scheduled to open in 1982, this neonatal unit is designed to accommodate future technological advances as well as a possible growing demand for services. PMID- 7351338 TI - Hospitals should be fitness centers. AB - Hospitals should take an active role in promoting physical fitness, establishing a fitness center within the hospital complex and providing outreach fitness programs. PMID- 7351340 TI - Prefabricated ICUs: past, potential use. PMID- 7351339 TI - Single-use devices should not be reused. AB - The reuse of disposable medical devices is a recent phenomenon in health care delivery and poses a problem for hospitals and others. PMID- 7351341 TI - Physicians support home health care. PMID- 7351342 TI - Third quarter data show VE momentum continues. PMID- 7351344 TI - Award-winning design for special care. AB - A five-year planning and design effort resulted in an award-winning health sciences building for Chicago's Northwestern Memorial Hospital and Northwestern University. PMID- 7351343 TI - Why build special care units? AB - Advances in medical technology have led to improved methods of treating critical illnesses, but such treatment cannot be carried out without special care units. PMID- 7351345 TI - Patients, staff are focal point of new burn unit. AB - Burn unit's physical spaces and mechanical system are designed to reduce infection, promote patient comfort, and improve staff efficiency and morale. PMID- 7351346 TI - Effect of aspirin on complement in vivo. AB - Following ingestion of aspirin (1 g) complement consumption could be demonstrated in 18/20 healthy volunteers. A slight to moderate decrease of whole complement activity (CH50) and of the components C1, C4 and C2 was found. In addition, reduced levels of the C1 inactivator (C1 IA) were measured in 19/20 probands. The drop in C titers and C1 IA was only detectable within a short period of time and 30 min after ingestion of the drug the titers were usually returning to normal. In view of these findings, the possible role of complement in adverse reactions to aspirin is discussed. PMID- 7351347 TI - Effect of aspirin on the complement system in vitro. AB - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), ASA and sodium salicylate (NaSA) activate the complement system in vitro. The activation involves the components of the classical pathway. It is, however, antibody independent. Evidence for activation are (1) consumption of C and C component activities; (2) activation of C1 evidenced by release of C1s from the macromolecular complex, and (3) C3 and C5 conversion. PMID- 7351348 TI - Receptors for IgG Fc and complement in the mammalian aorta. AB - The presence of IgG Fc receptors in the tissue sections of aorta and aortic valves of man, ox and pig was demonstrated by means of hemadsorption of human and rabbit IgG antibody sensitized erythrocytes to these sections. C3b receptors in the tissue sections of aortic valves of these three mammals were also demonstrated by using sheep erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit IgM antibody which bound murine complement. 8 of 13 systemic lupus erythematosus sera and 2 of 19 other collagen disease sera were shown to be able to inhibit the adsorption of rabbit IgG antibody sensitized erythrocytes to the human aortic sections upon preincubation of the tissues with the pathologic sera. The amount of immune complexes in the 'inhibition-positive' sera was significantly higher than that in the negative sera. PMID- 7351349 TI - The nature of secretory agglutinins and aggregating factors. II. Biochemical and immunochemical properties of factors in human saliva and amniotic fluid. AB - Secretory conglutinin-like factor (SKF) and secretory bacterial aggregating factors (SBAF) of saliva and amniotic fluid were characterized as high molecular weight non-mucin glycoproteins. Most biochemical tests or procedures used in previous investigations did not permit an unequivocal distinction among immunoglobulins, non-mucin glycoprotein, or mucin factors. Partitioning with hot phenol enabled the separation of a high molecular weight non-mucin glycoprotein fraction from saliva and amniotic fluid with SKF and SBAF activity that was distinct from mucins and antibodies. Non-mucin glycoproteins, immunoglobulins and mucins represent three classes of secreted molecules capable of clumping bacteria. PMID- 7351353 TI - Procollagen and collagen produced by normal bovine corneal stroma fibroblasts in cell culture. AB - Procollagen and collagen were isolated from the culture medium of normal bovine corneal stromal fibroblasts. DEAE-cellulose chromatography was used to separate the collagen molecules from the different procollagens present. One collagen and four procollagen peaks were isolated and biochemically characterized. All the procollagen fractions and the collagen fraction yielded, after limited pepsin or chymotrypsin digestion followed by CNBr digestion, molecules that correspond to (alpha 1)2 alpha 2 exclusively. Thus only type I collagen is found in the growth medium of of bovine corneal stromal fibroblast cultures. Each of the individual procollagen peaks contained pro-alpha chains having molecular weights of 120,000, 150,000, 165,000, 180,000, and 190,000 daltons, according to their elution position on DEAE-cellulose. The presence of type I procollagen molecules having pro-alpha chains of 165,000, 180,000, and 190,000 daltons has not previously been reported and probably represents higher-molecular-weight precursor intermediates. The amino acid compositions of the different procollagen fractions are unique, and each contains relatively large amounts of cysteine and tryptophan. Carbohydrate analysis, cyanogen bromide peptide analysis, electron microscopy of SLS-crystallities, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to further characterize the procollagen and collagen molecules. PMID- 7351352 TI - The acceptance of a vitreous carbon alloplastic material, Proplast, in the rabbit eye. AB - Proplast, a vitreous, carbon-Teflon, fluorocarbon polymer, was tested in rabbits for corneal tolerance and acceptance. Toxicity, vascularization, epithelialization, infection, and extrusion were studied clinically and histologically. Four techniques were used: implantation of irregular-shaped pieces of material in an interlamellar corneal pocket, lamellar graft implantation with one exposed surface, full-thickness corneal implants in a manner similar to penetrating keratoplasty, and full-thickness implants covered by a conjunctival flap. Results showed that Proplast allows fibrovascular ingrowth and stabilization without a significant foreign body response or encapsulation for a period of observation from 6 weeks to 4 months. Evidence of epithelial coverage and epithelial ingrowth was also found. Coverage of the Proplast with conjunctiva or corneal tissue was essential to prevent extrusion and infection. PMID- 7351350 TI - Correlation of serum theophylline levels with inhibition of allergen and histamine-induced skin tests. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if clinically effective serum levels of theophylline have an inhibitory effect on intradermal tests for allergic hypersensitivity. Intradermal testing using the threshold-dilution technique was performed in 9 patients, 7 of whom were sensitive to 2 antigens. Testing was performed over a 6-hour period after theophylline administration and compared with the control results. Inhibition of the end-point was demonstrated with 12 of 16 antigens tested associated with serum theophylline levels ranging from 7 to 20 microgram/ml. Marked inhibition of the intradermal tests, that might have clinical significance, only occurred with 4 antigens. PMID- 7351351 TI - IgG antibodies to pollen allergens in children with rye-grass lung sensitivity. AB - This study determined the changes in the amount (Abt) and relative avidity (Krel) of antibody to a purified rye-grass pollen extract during the rye-grass pollen season in 15 asthmatic children. For the group, there was a significant rise in Abt pre- to mid-season and fall mid- to post-season (p less than 0.05), but no consistent changes in Krel values during the study were seen. Asthmatic children with and without bronchial reactivity to rye-grass pollen extract showed similar Abt and Krel changes during the study. PMID- 7351354 TI - Human tear responses to alkali. AB - With the use of a closed-chamber microelectrode system, the buffering capacities of over 100 tear samples were measured in response to alkali challenge of several strengths. Although distinctive variations were found among the seven subjects studied, a substantially greater buffer capacity was consistently noted in all their tear responses to pH conditions of near 10 and above. These results are consistent with the early observations of Friedenwald, who demonstrated the buffering capacity of corneal tissue when challenged in this higher pH range, and may here be due to the onset of protein denaturation in the tears. PMID- 7351355 TI - Corneal metabolism of pilocarpine in pigmented rabbits. AB - Cornea, aqueous humor, and iris-ciliary body levels of pilocarpine and its metabolite pilocarpic acid were determined in mixed-breed rabbits following topical dosing with 25 microliters of 1 X 10(-2) M pilocarpine. From the time drug concentration profile it is clear that extensive metabolism of pilocarpine occurs in the cornea of pigmented rabbits. This finding contrasts sharply with similar studies in albino rabbits where relatively low levels of pilocarpine acid were observed. It is estimated that the first-order metabolism rate constant in albino rabbits is approximately two orders of magnitude smaller than in pigmented animals. A significant observation from this finding is the possibility that the reported greater dose requirement for heavily pigmented individuals may not be due to drug-pigment binding alone but also to extensive corneal drug metabolism. PMID- 7351356 TI - A new rapid test of contrast sensitivity function utilizing spatial bandwidth equalization. PMID- 7351357 TI - Stability of measures of the dark focus of accomodation. AB - Without visual stimulation, the eye tends to assume an individually-determined intermediate state of accommodation (the "dark focus"). The present study examined the stability of these individual dark focus values over time. Two sets of measurements were obtained with a laser-Badal optometer for each of 39 college age subjects. For 19 subjects the second test occurred during the same experimental session as the first; for 20 subjects the retest was conducted in a separate session 1 week later. Eye dominance was determined by a pointing task. High correlations between test-retest values were found for both immediate and delayed retest. The average change between the tests was less than +/- 0.3 diopter, even when the retest was a week later. These results indicate a definite stability in individual dark focus values. Eye dominance and subject's sex were both irrelevant. PMID- 7351358 TI - V. Everett Kinsey professorship in ophthalmological research. PMID- 7351359 TI - Chemotactic factors as cause of polyleukocyte urine in urinary tract infection: chemotactic activity of urinary protein fraction. AB - The possible cause of the excessive increase in the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the urine of patients suffering from urinary tract infections was investigated in regard to the chemotactic factor(s) for the leukocyte. We separated urinary protein fractions of 2 controls and 10 patients with urinary tract infections by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-50 column, and tested chemotactic activity in vitro by using Boyden's apparatus and in vivo by injecting the protein fractions into guinea pig skins. Chemotactic activity was found in the urinary protein fractions of 6 patients. The fractions of these 6 patients showed typical infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the local tissue of guinea pigs. A high correlation was found between the activity and the leukocyte increase, although there was no relation between the type of infecting bacteria and chemotactic activity. The data suggest that the marked increase in the number of urinary leukocytes is attributable to the chemotactic factor(s) in the urine. PMID- 7351361 TI - Autonomic innervation of the human prostate. AB - The autonomic innervation of the human prostate has been studied using both light and fluorescence microscopic techniques. A dense network of both adrenergic and acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves innervates the smooth muscle around the ducts and acini of the prostate. No direct innervation of the acinar epithelium can be observed. The role of the innervation in both normal and pathologic states is discussed. PMID- 7351360 TI - Effect of dietary calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus on phosphate urolithiasis in rats. AB - Female Wistar rats were fed a basal diet containing various concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium: calcium and phosphorus at 0.4, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, and 2 per cent and magnesium at 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1 per cent of the diet dry matter. Two types of uroliths developed: magnesium phosphate in the renal pelves, bladders, and/or ureters of rats fed rations containing 1 per cent magnesium with either 1.0 or 0.5 per cent phosphorus and calcium phosphate uroliths in the renal tubules at the corticomedullary junction of rats fed rations containing phosphorus equal to or greater than 0.8 per cent and magnesium equal to or less than 0.8 per cent. The incidence and severity of calcium phosphate uroliths were reduced by increasing the magnesium concentration in the diet from 0.2 to 0.8 per cent and by increasing the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio to greater than 1. Results of this study indicated that the interactions among dietary calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus seemed to affect the incidence, severity, and type of uroliths in rats. PMID- 7351362 TI - Blood group A-like activity in a long-term renal cell line. AB - We evaluated two renal carcinoma lines, CAKI-1 and CAKI-2, for the presence of certain cell surface antigens. CAKI-1 was from an individual with blood type O and CAKI-2 from an individual with blood type A. A modification of the standard Chromium-51 release assay was used to determine complement dependent antibody activity in the serum of test subjects against these lines. Seventy per cent of 77 sera contained complement dependent antibody activity against CAKI-2; none was reactive against CAKI-1. Eighty-three and 88 per cent of sera from subjects with blood type B and O were reactive against CAKI-2; only 25 and 26 per cent of the sera from A and AB subjects were reactive against this same line. Both cell lines were agglutinated by anti-H lectin but only CAKI-2 was agglutinated by anti-A lectin. Fourteen of 18 normal control sera and 8 of 9 sera from cancer patients were inhibited by A antigen. A Forssman antigen obtained from guinea pig kidney removed significant complement dependent antibody activity against CAKI-2 when the sera were previously absorbed with this antigen. It would thus seem that CAKI 2 has on its surface an antigen which is either a true blood group A antigen, a Forssman antigen, or a Forssman-like antigen. Of special interest is the long persistence of this antigen in culture, thus permitting further studies characterizing its nature. PMID- 7351363 TI - Immunization by irradiated whole cells or cell extracts against an experimental bladder tumor. AB - A tissue culture cell line has been developed from the MBT-2, a carcinogen induced bladder tumor of C3H/HeN mice. The culture-adapted cells retained the capacity to induce progressive tumors in syngeneic mice. Amputation-challenge experiments with live cells showed that MBT-2 induces transplantation immunity. Immunization with irradiated MBT-2 cells or hypotonic membrane preparations from this tumor protected the animals against challenge with viable MBT-2 cells. Intraperitoneal administration of bacille Calmette Guerin failed to protect against tumor development and may have adversely affected the immunoprotection yielded by tumor extracts. PMID- 7351364 TI - Method and reliability of crystallographic stone analysis. AB - The methods of daily routine analysis of urinary stones in one laboratory, employing a combination of microscopy, spectroscopy, chemistry, and X-ray diffractometry, are described. A methodologic study indicates that these methods are complementary and no one method is sufficient. Quantitative estimates are in general best obtained by X-ray diffraction, whereas qualitative identification of depositional sequence and the quantitative determination of minor constituents must depend on microscopic and chemical methods. Components at a concentration of 1 per cent may be identified whereas those in excess of 5 per cent are rarely overlooked. Concentrations are correct within +/- 10 per cent of stone mass. PMID- 7351365 TI - Urinary kallikrein in postobstructive diuresis. AB - We studied urinary kallikrein excretion in the rat during unilateral release of 24-hr bilateral ureteral ligation (BUL). In six rats studied after 24 hr of BUL, the glomerular filtration rate was 20 per cent of that in the five sham-operated controls. In the BUL group, the urine flow rate was 5 fold greater, fractional sodium excretion 100 times greater, and fractional potassium excretion 5 times greater than in controls. Urinary kallikrein excretion in the BUL group was one half that of the controls. However, urinary kallikrein excretion per functioning nephron was increased 3 fold in the BUL group. Five of six BUL rats with increased fractional sodium and water excretion also showed increased urinary kallikrein excretion/GFR when compared to controls. Our study suggests that after 24 hr of BUL in the rat, urinary kallikrein excretion is increased in relation to the remaining, functioning nephrons and suggests a role for the kallikrein-kinin system in the postobstructive salt and water losses. PMID- 7351367 TI - In vitro propagation of seminal vesicle epithelial cells. AB - The unique anatomic features of the guinea pig seminal vesicle allow establishment of nearly pure cultures of epithelial cells in vitro. Primary monolayer cultures can be maintained for up to 5 weeks and suspension cultures for 5 to 7 days. The rapidly proliferating cells in monolayer culture do not seem to be markedly sensitive to the presence of androgens or estrogens in the medium. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy indicates that the proliferating cells are epithelial in nature and are quite different from control seminal vesicle fibroblast cultures; transmission electron microscopy shows that these cells are markedly dedifferentiated vis-a-vis the native tissue in vivo. This is the first report of the successful cultivation of seminal vesicle epithelial cells in vitro. PMID- 7351366 TI - Sex steroids imprinting and prostatic growth. AB - Sex steroids exposure to rats castrated at birth during the neonatal or prepubertal period permanently modified certain morphologic features of the accessory sex organs in adulthood. Similar treatment of intact rats failed to induce these changes. Hypophysectomy in adulthood did not abolish the neonatally androgen-induced imprinting of the growth response of the rat accessory sex organs in adulthood, which suggests that the effects of neonatal androgen administration are directly on the hormone-responsive target cells and are not mediated via the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. PMID- 7351368 TI - Managing the infected total hip arthroplasty. PMID- 7351369 TI - Forgotten but not gone. PMID- 7351370 TI - Palpatory findings in the cervicothoracic region: variations in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. A preliminary report. PMID- 7351371 TI - Injection of fluorescein in the study of bladder tumors. PMID- 7351373 TI - Screening for skin cancer: two years' experience in Arizona. PMID- 7351372 TI - Pancreatic abscess with spontaneous internal fistulization to Billroth II anastomosis and main pancreatic duct: report of a rare case and review of the literature. PMID- 7351374 TI - The use of low-dose heparin in gynecologic surgery. PMID- 7351375 TI - Gronblad-Strandberg syndrome: report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 7351377 TI - Atopic dermatitis: new look at an old disease. PMID- 7351376 TI - Becker's muscular dystrophy: orthopedic implications. PMID- 7351378 TI - Idiopathic paroxysmal rhabdomyolysis complicated by myoglobinuria: report of case and review of the literature. PMID- 7351379 TI - Court views on advertising. PMID- 7351380 TI - Risk factors associated with canine heartworm infection. AB - Risk factors associated with canine heartworm infection were determined by screening medical records from the Veterinary Medical Data Program of June 1964- May 1976. Data represented were from 14 colleges and schools of veterinary medicine in the United States and Canada. A total of 3,655 dogs were infected. Intact male dogs 4 to 7 years old and of the larger hound breeds had the highest relative risk, whereas dogs of smaller breeds, those less than 2 years old, spayed females, and castrated males were at least risk. PMID- 7351381 TI - Obstructive jaundice associated with chronic active hepatitis in a dog. AB - A cholestatic syndrome was the primary manifestation of chronic active hepatitis in a dog. Enzyme determinations did not differentiate between extrahepatic and intrahepatic cholestasis as the cause of the conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, thus necessitating percutaneous liver biopsy. The dog was treated with prednisolone but developed gastrointestinal hemorrhage and terminal hepatic encephalopathy. Morphologic variations in liver biopsy specimens obtained simultaneously and in the specimen obtained at necropsy demonstrated that the disease activity varied by locales in the liver. PMID- 7351382 TI - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy for diagnosis of lung lobe torsion in a dog. PMID- 7351383 TI - Feline hyperesthesia syndrome. PMID- 7351384 TI - Papillomatosis of conjunctiva and adnexa in dogs. AB - Ocular or periocular papillomatosis was diagnosed in seven dogs. The periocular tumors (in 4 dogs) were located on the eyelids or the mucocutaneous junctions of the eyelids. Six of the tumors were removed surgically, using either superficial keratectomy and conjunctival dissection or lid resection techniques; the seventh was biopsied but not removed. In all cases, confirmation of the clinical diagnosis was made by light microscopy. The differential clinical considerations included squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, histiocytoma, and mastocytoma. In all cases of surgical removal, the dogs were free of recurrence 6 months following surgery. PMID- 7351385 TI - Diffuse iris melanoma in cats. PMID- 7351386 TI - Clinical pharmacology of salicylates. PMID- 7351387 TI - Mass in caudal portion of abdomen. PMID- 7351388 TI - Studies of ion distribution in the inner ear: scanning electron microscopy and x ray microanalysis of freeze-dried cochlear specimens. PMID- 7351389 TI - Relations between frequency selectivity and two-tone rate suppression in lizard cochlear-nerve fibers. AB - Cochlear-nerve fibers innervating the apicial region of the alligator lizard basilar papilla show sharp frequency selectivity in response to single tones (measured with the frequency threshold contour, or FTC), and the phenomenon of two-tone rate suppression (TTRS) in response to two simultaneously presented tones (measured with the iso-TTRS contour, or ITC). The gross shapes of the FTCs, as characterized by the slopes of the sides and Q10dB, vary systematically with the fiber's characteristic frequency (CF). 'Fine-structural' features are also found: below CF, notches (frequency regions of relatively high threshold) occur in the FTC at frequencies related to CF. Above CF, a break frequency, which varies with CF, divides the FTC into segments of different slope. Features of the ITC also vary with CF. The detailed shapes of the FTCs and ITCs are related: lobes of the ITC interdigitate with notches in the FTC; the side of the FTC with steepest slope is closely associated with the side of the ITC with steepest slope. The close relation that is observed between sharp frequency selectivity and TTRS suggests that both phenomena arise from a common cochlear mechanism. PMID- 7351390 TI - Effects of loud tones on the inner ear: a combined electrophysiological and ultrastructural study. AB - Guinea pigs were exposed to a 10 kHz pure tone and damage to the cochlea was investigated immediately after exposure, or after a recovery period ranging from 18-25 days. Structural damage was assessed using scanning electron microscopy and functional damage estimated using the N1 threshold audiogram. Exposure at 106 dB for 1 h caused obvious abnormalities of outer hair cell stereocilia. The location and extent of this damage was related to the immediate or long term deficits in the N1 threshold audiogram. PMID- 7351391 TI - Recovery of the endocochlear potential and the K+ concentrations in the cochlear fluids after acoustic trauma. AB - Intense noise stimulation (142 dB, 1/3-octave-band noise centred at 1 kHz for 1 h) causes damage mainly in the second turn of the cochlea. Several hours (3-5) after the noise exposure, the endocochlear potential (EP) was found to be very low (5.7 +/- 6.0 mV). Similarly, the K+ concentration in the endolymph (Ke+) had decreased to low values (18.9 +/- 9.5 mM). The return of EP and Ke+ to normal values took 5-20 days. In contrast to the Ke+ changes, the perilymph K+ concentration (Kp+) increased slightly after the noise exposure to 4.5 +/- 1.7 mM and returned to normal values one day after the exposure. Differences were found in the time course of the EP, Ke+ and Kp+ changes after the arrest of ventilat ion when animals with acoustic trauma were com,ared with normal healthy individuals. The anoxic EP in noise-exposed animals never decreased to values more negative than -20 mV. The results imply that the inner ear mechanisms maintaining positive EP, Ke+ and Kp+ are severely damaged after acoustic trauma and that their function is restored in 5-20 days. With respect to some parameters (decrease of the EP during anoxia, the value of anoxic negative EP, EP overshoot after reventilation) the inner ear mechanisms are, however, still abnormal. PMID- 7351392 TI - A rabbit preparation for neuro-behavioral auditory research. AB - Auditory thresholds were determined in rabbits by a classically conditioned nicitating membrane response established with a tone-conditioned stimulus and a shock-unconditioned stimulus. The audiograms obtained were comparable in shape and sensitivity to threshold curves measured for a variety of small mammals by other conditioning techniques. This procedure provides a quick and efficient method for measuring hearing sensitivity in a restrained preparation that permits precise stimulus control as well as providing an ideal situation for a variety of physiological studies of hearing in an awake, behaving animal. PMID- 7351394 TI - Organ of Corti: observation technique in the living animal. AB - This paper describes a new technique for visualizing the organ of Corti in the living guinea pig. The various cell types and blood supply can be viewed at magnifications up to 625X through a microscope, as seen reflected by a tiny mirror in scala vestibuli. Glass microelectrodes can also be seen as they penetrate the tissues, and can be accurately localized. PMID- 7351393 TI - Method for tracing single fibers in the organ of Corti with horseradish peroxidase. AB - A method based on the axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been developed to trace single fibers in the organ of Corti. HRP was injected into the auditory nerve or cochlear nucleus of the adult chinchilla, and the entire cochlea was subsequently incubated for reaction product. Of most significance was the Golgi-like labelling of single radial afferents innervating the inner hair cells. Heretofore, radial afferents have been difficult to trace with more conventional staining techniques, especially in adult animals. Outer spiral fibers, presumably afferent, were also labelled in one of the cochleas. PMID- 7351395 TI - Fire-setting on an adolescent inpatient unit: an analysis. AB - A one time series of fire-setting episodes on an inpatient adolescent service are analyzed from a systems standpoint for the purpose of primary prevention. This paper documents that fire-setting behavior can occur in individuals with no prior history of fire-setting and that losses to the hospital system proper can be psychologically coupled to losses felt by an individual. Specific recommendations are offered based on both case history analysis of the protagonists and the psychosocial determinants of the hospital system. A selective literature review compares this experience with others. PMID- 7351396 TI - The three year course of psychiatric problems in a geriatric population. AB - This is a 3 year follow-up of the psychiatric status of 276 men age 65 and older who were originally seen as medical and surgical patients. Major psychiatric diagnoses were noted in 24% of the individuals, these being fairly evenly divided between active alcoholism, affective disorder, atherosclerotic dementia, or a past history of alcoholism, and a heterogeneous category, composed mostly of individuals with senile dementia. Over the 3 years, approximately one-quarter of the sample who had originally been free of psychopathology became ill, most with an affective disorder or an organic brain syndrome. A high level of diagnostic consistency was noted over 3 years for the individuals originally noted to be psychiatrically ill. The follow-up demonstrated an unexpectedly bleak prognosis for the individuals with affective disorder. The reasons for this finding are explored. PMID- 7351397 TI - Research experience in psychiatric training--interference or enhancement? PMID- 7351398 TI - Mania occurring during treatment for depersonalization: a report of two cases. AB - Severe depersonalization at times constitutes a chronic and disabling syndrome for which there is no generally established etiology or treatment. Two cases in which young female patients with severe depersonalization became floridly manic in response to stimulant and antidepressant drug treatment are reported, and the clinical and theoretical implications of these phenomena are discussed. PMID- 7351399 TI - Psychiatric illness in family practice. AB - One hundred twenty patients from each of 6 family practices were surveyed to determine the prevalence of symptom-based psychiatric illness (emotional distress) in family practice. Assessments of presence or absence of emotional distress and the severity of this distress were made using ratings made by the treating physician and by the patient. Nineteen percent of the surveyed patients were designated by their physicians as having "high distress," and 21% by the patient-completed abbreviated Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25). High concordance (86.7%) existed between the "case" assessment by the physician and the patient's own rating of distress. For the majority of "high distress" patients, pharmacotherapy was considered the treatment of choice by physicians. PMID- 7351400 TI - Blair tibiotalar arthrodesis for injuries to the talus. AB - A retrospective clinical and roentgenographic study was done of seven patients who underwent Blair tibiotalar arthrodesis. The average age of the patients was twenty-six years and the average follow-up was 3.9 years. Results were good in five patients, fair in one, and poor in one. Results were more closely correlated to tibiopedal motion than to anatomical restoration. In two patients pseudarthrosis developed: painful in one and asymptomatic in one. A good result has 16 to 20 degrees of tibiopedal motion; a fair result, 11 to 15 degrees; and a poor result, 10 degrees or less. PMID- 7351401 TI - Musculocutaneous neurectomy for spastic elbow flexion in non-functional upper extremities in adults. AB - The charts of twenty-nine patients who had undergone thirty musculocutaneous neurectomies for acquired spasticity of the elbow in a non-functional upper extremity were reviewed. The most common causes of the spasticity were cerebrovascular accident (59 per cent) and head injury (24 per cent). The aims of the operation were to increase the patient's capacity for self-care and to improve ambulation, personal hygiene, and appearance. Patients who had 30-degree flexion contractures preoperatively did not require a cast postoperatively; those who had 30 to 75-degree flexion contractures preoperatively required a cast postoperatively; and patients who had flexion contractures of more than 75 degrees preoperatively required a concomitant release of soft tissue in the elbow and application of a cast postoperatively. One patient who was operated on to improve appearance had no active elbow flexion postoperatively and was regarded as having a poor result. Musculocutaneous neurectomy is a safe, reliable procedure for treating the spastic elbow in the non-functional upper extremity. PMID- 7351402 TI - Aftermath of osteogenesis imperfecta: the disease in adulthood. AB - To determine the effects of osteogenesis imperfecta and its treatment on adult life, thirty-one patients with osteogenesis imperfecta were examined at an average of nineteen years postoperatively. Seventy-two per cent of the operations that had been performed on these patients in childhood consisted of multiple osteotomies with intramedullary fixation to reduce fracture frequency and prevent bowing of the lower limbs. Only eight patients had remained non-ambulatory, seven of whom had severe long-bone deformity. Based on the study of these patients, we suggest that the severity of diaphyseal tapering and of disease are related; that scoliosis is frequent in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta; that the improvement gained at operation is maintained and enhances ambulation; and that as adults, these patients are generally very productive and socially adaptable individuals. PMID- 7351403 TI - Acute insufficiency of the posterior cruciate ligament in children. Two case reports. PMID- 7351404 TI - Post-traumatic carpal instability in a young child. A case report. PMID- 7351405 TI - The flexor digitorum superficialis as a cause of bilateral carpal-tunnel syndrome and trigger wrist. A case report. PMID- 7351406 TI - Phalangeal entrapment of the flexor tendon--roentgenographic presentation. A case report. PMID- 7351407 TI - Massive bleeding after biopsy of plasmacytoma. Report of two cases. PMID- 7351408 TI - Intraoperative skeletal scintigraphy for localization of osteoid-osteoma in the spine. Case report. PMID- 7351409 TI - Skeletal metastases of an intracranial malignant hemangiopericytoma. Report of a case. PMID- 7351410 TI - Current concepts review. The use of aspirin in thromboembolic disease. PMID- 7351411 TI - Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee. AB - Spontaneous osteonecrosis was diagnosed in ninety knees in which a roentgenographically visible lesion had developed within six months after onset of symptoms. Scintimetry can be used to differentiate between osteonecrosis and other painful conditions of the knee. The prognosis of osteonecrosis is dependent on the size of the radiolucent lesion. In knees with a lesion that is larger than 2.3 square centimeters, osteoarthritis is likely to develop. For forty-two knees the patients were treated with analgesics, partial weight-bearing, and quadriceps exercises. Forty-eight knees were treated surgically. Indications for surgical treatment were persistent severe complaints in spite of conservative treatment and a large osteonecrotic lesion with collapse of the condyle resulting in a varus deformity. The best results were achieved with osteotomy together with arthrotomy, and by knee replacement arthroplasty. Arthrotomy and drilling alone were ineffective. PMID- 7351412 TI - Long-term results of treatment of congenital club foot. AB - In seventy patients with 104 club feet that were treated at our hospital and followed for ten to twenty-seven years after treatment, the functional results were satisfactory according to our rating system in 88.5 per cent of the feet, and 90 per cent of the patients were satisfied with both the appearance and function of the club foot. However, in the majority of the patients, foot and ankle motion was limited and the talocalcaneal angles as seen on the anteroposterior and lateral roentgenograms were not fully corrected. The amount of motion in the joints of the foot and ankle and the correction of the lateral talocalcaneal angle correlated with the degree of patient satisfaction and the functional rating of the club foot. Transfer of the anterior tibial tendon to the third cuneiform appeared to prevent relapse. PMID- 7351413 TI - The use of plastic jackets in the non-operative treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. Preliminary report. AB - One method of treatment for scoliosis consists of using a custom-made plastic underarm jacket made of Orthoplast. The results of treatment in the first forty eight patients with idopathic scoliosis to complete the treatment program showed arrest of the progression of the curve in forty-two. Comparisons were made with the Milwaukee brace. The key prognostic factors for success appeared to be the severity and flexibility of the curve at the start of treatment. PMID- 7351414 TI - The lumbosacral curve in idiopathic scoliosis. Its significance and management. AB - In 850 consecutive patients with idiopathic scoliosis, no primary lumbosacral curve with only secondary curves above it was found. Forty-four patients with double structural thoracic and lumbar, single structural thoracic, and single structural lumbar curves showed progressive loss of flexibility in the lumbosacral area. Of these, five patients had correction and fusion of the lumbosacral curve and seventeen had correction and fusion of the major curve above the third or fourth lumbar segment without surgical treatment of the lumbosacral area. The results were better in the latter group. Correction and fusion in the lumbosacral area was difficult to achieve. No patient had a permanent list when only curves above the lumbosacral curve were corrected and fused. Lumbosacral fusion should be reserved for primary lumbosacral curves associated with congenital anomalies or spondylolisthesis. PMID- 7351415 TI - Fracture-separation of the distal humeral epiphysis. AB - Sixteen patients were seen with fracture-separation of the distal humeral epiphysis. The difficulty that may be encountered in making the diagnosis is thought to be partly responsible for the relative paucity of previous reports of this condition. All sixteen patients revealed posteromedial displacement of the distal humeral epiphysis on the initial roentgenogram. Child-abuse was documented or suspected as a cause in six of the sixteen fractures. Treatment consisted of closed reduction and immobilization with the elbow in 90 degrees of flexion and the forearm pronated, for three weeks. Post-injury cubitus varus, which developed in three patients and was thought to be due to inadequate reduction, did not progress. PMID- 7351416 TI - Epiphyseal separation of the distal end of the humerus with medial displacement. AB - Of seven young children with epiphyseal separation in the distal end of the humerus and medial displacement of the distal fragment, five had significant cubitus varus (10 to 15 degrees) at follow-up. This rare injury therefore is one that is likely to produce that residual deformity. PMID- 7351417 TI - Quadriceps myofibrosis. A complication of intramuscular injections. AB - Cases of fibrofatty replacement of the quadriceps muscles following repeated intramuscular injections into the thighs of infants and young children are being reported with increasing frequency. In such cases, the knee shows progressive painless limitation of flexion, habitual dislocation of the patella, or both. The recommended treatment is surgical release, done early before secondary adaptive changes occur in the soft tissues, cartilage, and bones comprising the joint. Full flexion should be obtained at the time of surgery. In children, the lag in extension that follows extensive release will usually disappear spontaneously. PMID- 7351418 TI - A critical analysis of quadriceps function after femoral shaft fracture in adults. PMID- 7351419 TI - An analysis of femoral component stem design in total hip arthroplasty. AB - A comparative study of the various aspects of the design of the femoral components of total hip replacements was done using three-dimensional finite element stress analysis. The aspects of deisgn that were considered included: length, cross-sectional size, and material properties of the stem; presence or absence of a medial collar; and material properties of the cement. We found that increasing the length of the stem generally increased the stress present in the stem while decreasing the stress present in the cement. Increasing the cross sectional size of the stem decreased the stress in both the stem and the cement. Decreasing the modulus of elasticity of the stem material decreased the stress in the stem but increased the stress in the cement. Increasing the modulus of elasticity of the cement decreased the stress in the stem and increased the stress in the cement. Contact of the collar of a femoral prosthesis with the calcar femorale increased the longitudinal component of stress within the region of the calcar femorale. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The mechanical longevity of a total joint reconstruction is related to the stress distribution throughout the prosthesis, cement, and bone. The stress distribution is related to a number of factors, including the design of the prosthetic components (for example, stem size, stem length, stem modulus of elasticity, and cement modulus of elasticity). Reducing the stresses in prosthetic components to minimize the risk of failure can be accomplished only through systematic analysis of all components of the reconstruction. PMID- 7351420 TI - Biochemical studies on repair cartilage resurfacing experimental defects in the rabbit knee. AB - Wounds penetrating articular cartilage to bone heal with cartilage described variably as either fibrous or hyaline. In the present study, such repair cartilage was induced in the rabbit for biochemical comparison with normal articular cartilage. The main collagen in the repair tissue after three weeks was type I. By six to eight weeks, type II had become predominant and continued to be enriched up to one year; but type I still persisted as a significant constituent of the repair tissue even after a year, so the repair cartilage never fully resembled normal articular cartilage. From radiochemical analysis, type II was determined to be the major collagen synthesized by the repair tissue after three to four weeks. After six months, the repair cartilage contained more collagen and less hexosamine than control cartilage, suggesting that the fibrous texture that often developed was due to a loss of proteoglycans rather than to a change in the type of collagen. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Procedures capable of inducing the differentiation of authentic articular cartilage to resurface degenerated human joints would be invaluable. Surgical methods, such as drilling through to subchondral bone, are often attempted. It is not known, however, whether the cartilage that forms is true articular cartilage or, for example, fibrocartilage. The present experimental study in rabbits compared the properties of such repair cartilage with those of normal articular cartilage. PMID- 7351421 TI - Congenital club foot in the human fetus. A histological study. AB - Five club feet and three normal feet of fetuses aborted at sixteen to twenty weeks of gestation were studied by making serial histological sections cut in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes. In the club feet we found gradations in the severity of the following abnormalities: 1. Altered shape, size, and relationships of the tarsal bones. 2. Decrease in the size and number of fibers in the distal third of the muscles of the posterior and medial aspect of the leg; increased fibrous connective tissue in these muscles, their tendon sheaths, and the adjacent fasciae; and shortening of the triceps surae. 3. Thickening of the distal parts of the tendo archillis and of the posterior tibial tendon. 4. Ligaments on the posterior and medial aspects of the ankle joint pulled into the joint by the severe plantar flexion and varus displacement of the talus, and marked shortening and thickening of the tibionavicular and plantar calcaneonavicular ligaments. On the basis of these pathological findings, the possibility of a retracting fibrosis as the primary etiological factor of the club-foot deformity should be considered. PMID- 7351422 TI - Distribution of 99mTc-phosphate compounds in osteoarthritic femoral heads. AB - In a study of the distribution of 99mTc-polyphosphate and 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate in osteoarthritic femoral heads by macroautoradiography of samples obtained during replacement surgery, the bone-seeking agents were seen to accumulate in the weight-bearing, denuded areas, mainly in the cyst walls and at the osteochondral junctions in the osteophytes. The autoradiographic findings were substantiated by findings from impulse-counting of different zones in the femoral heads that were done on frozen sections. Morphological studies of sections adjacent to the cut surface used for autoradiography showed that the accumulations of the radionuclides were located in areas of new-bone formation, particularly enchondral ossification. This finding was confirmed by histochemical staining for alkaline phosphatase, a marker enzyme for bone mineralization. The over-all distribution of alkaline phosphatase activity in cells roughly paralleled the deposition of the bone-seeking agents. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Scintigrams of osteoarthritic joints reflect primarily the rate of osteogenesis in subchondral bone and osteophytes. As the scan is positive even in very early stages in the development of the disease, a more detailed knowledge of the mechanism responsible for an increased uptake of 99mTc-phosphate compounds may, among other things, contribute to the elucidation of the pathogenesis. PMID- 7351423 TI - Osteochondral lesions of the talus. AB - In a retrospective study of thirty-one ankles in twenty-nine patients with osteochondral lesions, we found that lateral lesions were associated with inversion or inversion-dorsiflexion trauma, were morphologically shallow, and were more likely to become displaced in the joint and to have persistent symptoms. Medial lesions were both traumatic and atraumatic in origin, morphologically deep, and less symptomatic. Using the classification system of Berndt and Harty, it appeared that Stage-I and Stage-II lesions should be treated non-operatively, regardless of location. Stage-III medial lesions should be treated non-operatively initially but if symptoms persist surgical excision and curettage are indicated. Stage-III lateral lesions and all Stage-IV lesions should be treated by early operation. Long-term results indicated that few lesions unite when treated non-operatively. Degenerative changes in the ankle joint, whether symptomatic or not, were common (50 per cent of the ankles) regardless of the type of treatment. PMID- 7351424 TI - He who hesitates is saved. PMID- 7351425 TI - The effect of environmental temperature on the rate of healing of fractures in tail vertebrae of mice. AB - The effect of the environmental temperature on the healing of fractures was assessed in vertebrae of tails of young albino mice. It was found that fractures in animals kept at 33 degrees Celsius healed very rapidly (bony callus by 14 days) while in animals kept in the cold (8 degrees Celsius) fractures were still at the stage of granulation tissue at this time. Controls were at an intermediate stage. This result might have a clinical application. PMID- 7351426 TI - Proceedings and reports of universities, colleges, councils and associations. Abstracts. PMID- 7351427 TI - Presidential address: laborious search after truth. PMID- 7351428 TI - Complete fractures of the femur in Paget's disease of bone. AB - Complete fractures through bone affected by Paget's disease may not deserve their innocent reputation. This retrospective study of 182 such femoral fractures, the largest reported series to date, was carried out to discover the behaviour of these fractures in the absence of specific therapy for the Paget's disease. Most previous series have concluded that healing is uneventful but the findings in these patients from the West Midlands do not bear this out. After exclusion of the early deaths, the overall incidence of non-union was 40 per cent, the main problems being posed by the subtrochanteric fractures and those of the upper shaft. Although callus may be abundant, it may itself be involved in the disease process and is not a reliable sign of union. Based on these observations, suggestions for management in the different regions of the femur are made. PMID- 7351429 TI - Bilateral slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis in end-stage renal failure. A report of two cases. AB - Two cases of bilateral slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis in boys with end stage renal failure due to megacystis and mega-ureter with severe renal osteodystrophy are reported. In one patient the lesion emerged after a dystonic reaction to drugs and in the other after bilateral nephro-ureterectomy. Neither showed marked elevation of growth hormone levels, but both had evidence of renal rickets with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. Both had a satisfactory response to bilateral internal fixation. The complication should be borne in mind in all young patients with renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 7351430 TI - Pulmonary bone embolism after total hip replacement. AB - Numerous intravascular bony spicules were found at necropsy in both lungs of an 84-year-old patient who had undergone total hip replacements three and 10 months before death. It is suggested that acetabular grindings enter the damaged venous system at operation and are filtered out by the lungs. PMID- 7351431 TI - Minimal Perthes' disease. AB - Of 193 children with Perthes' disease at the Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Cripppled Children, 24 were found to have only minimal changes. The cases were grouped relative to the area of the femoral head involved, with 10 involving the anterior portion, seven the posteromedial, three the lateral, and four the central portion. Almost all hips lost some height as measured by the epiphysial index but all had good results by the Mose criteria irrespective of treatment. The anterior lesion is the same as that described by Catterall as Group 1. The three additional groups have a similar benign natural history but distinct radiographic features. The need for early recognition of these patterns is emphasised if unnecessary treatment is to be avoided. Possible correlations of these lesions with the segmental blood supply of the femoral head are proposed and an hypothesis relating the Catterall classifications to the blood supply is put forward. PMID- 7351432 TI - Arthroscopy and arthrography of the knee: a critical review. AB - A series of 135 knee arthroscopies has been reviewed to determine the accuracy of detection of meniscal lesions. Arthroscopy and double-contrast arthrography achieved similar accuracy (84 per cent and 86 per cent) in the diagnostically more difficult knees of the series. The combined accuracy of both examinations was 98 per cent. Arthroscopic difficulty in seeing the posterior third of the medial meniscus, and consequently tears in this region, is emphasised and discussed. Arthroscopy and arthrography are complementary in the diagnosis of difficult meniscal problems. PMID- 7351433 TI - A study of the "normal" hip in children with unilateral Perthes' disease. AB - The radiographs of 153 children suffering from Perthes' disease of one hip were studied to examine the bony outline of the femoral capital epiphysis in the unaffected hip. In 48.4 per cent of patients irregularity of the surface, flattening or dimpling, were noted; in the majority of instances (37.2 per cent) these changes were present in the initial anteroposterior radiograph. By contrast, these changes were present in only 10.4 per cent of a control series of 153 children in whom intravenous urography was being performed, these children being matched for age and sex with the children with Perthes' disease. A second unmatched control series of 49 children whose pelves were being radiographed after injury showed a 6.1 per cent incidence of contour irregularities in 98 femoral capital epiphyses. In the patients with Perthes' disease and in the control series obtained at urography the incidence of changes was inversely related to age. The possible cause and significance of contour irregularities in normal children and in those with Perthes' disease is disscussed. PMID- 7351434 TI - Premature closure of the triradiate cartilage. Report of a case. AB - A case of early closure of the triradiate cartilage, probably secondary to neonatal septic arthritis of the right hip, is reported. Tomograms of the hip showed the triradiate cartilage closed posteriorly, with the anterior portion still open. These findings were confirmed at operation. An arthrogram and a CT scan of the right hip showed subluxation of the femoral head. This unique complication, after an episode of septic arthritis of the hip, has not before been reported in the literature. PMID- 7351435 TI - The results and complications of surgery for the paralytic hip and spine in myelomeningocele. AB - We have reviewed the results of operations to stabilise the paralytic hip and to correct and stabilise the deformed spine of children with myelomeningocele. Despite a high complication rate the spinal operations were frequently successful. The hip operations were less satisfactory, with stabilisation of the hip eventually achieved in 69 per cent of the patients and improved walking in only 27 per cent. We do not recommend that such operations be undertaken on the hips of children with a level of paralysis at L3 or above. If stabilisation is indicated multiple combined procedures produce the best result. PMID- 7351436 TI - Stability of the scoliotic spine after fusion. AB - The factors during and after operation which influence the development of a solid and stable posterior spinal fusion have been evaluated in 406 patients with scoliosis. The patients were managed in three different ways and all pseudarthroses were accurately detected by exploring the spines six months after the attempted fusion. The incidence of pseudarthroses was significantly lowered from 25 per cent in Group I to 3.8 per cent in Group III by the application of Harrington instrumentation and the use of large amounts of autogenous iliac bone grafts in addition to an interfacetal fusion. Early mobilisation 7 to 10 days after operation and a return to normal activities in a well-moulded underarm plaster jacket did not have a detrimental effect on the development of the fusion or the early maintenance of correction. Those spines with supplementary bone grafts stabilised more rapidly and had better maintenance of correction with only minimal loss after removal of all external support at 10 months. PMID- 7351438 TI - In defence of the meniscus. A prospective study of 200 meniscectomy patients. AB - Of 250 patients scheduled for meniscectomy 50 had symptoms which subsided and operation could be deferred; of the remaining 200 only 73 per cent were found to have a significant tear. It is shown that the risks of removing a normal meniscus far exceed those of leaving a tear in the posterior third. Statistical analysis of clinical features revealed no reliable diagnostic pattern. PMID- 7351437 TI - The scintigraphic assessment of the scoliotic spine after fusion. AB - Scintigraphy using technetium-labelled methylene diphosphonate was performed on 110 scoliotic patients six months after an attempted fusion and the findings compared with those at exploration to detect the possible sites of pseudarthroses. The majority of patients (65 per cent) had a uniform uptake of isotope over the fused area and all but one had a solid fusion. A second group (35 per cent) had a more patchy uptake and eight of the nine patients with pseudarthroses were in this group. Pseudarthroses were detected as localised areas of increased uptake but there were also a number of false positives and scans that were difficult to interpret due to continuing new bone formation in immature fusions. In those scans performed after one year the pseudarthroses which had been missed were seen more clearly in contrast to the diminished generalised activity in the fused area. PMID- 7351439 TI - The trefoil configuration of the lumbar vertebral canal. A study of South African skeletal material. AB - The shallow lateral recesses of the trefoil shape of the lumbar spinal canal have been implicated in the production of the spinal stenosis syndrome. In the present study, 485 skeletons of South African Blacks and Whites were examined in order to establish the incidence and possible genesis of the trefoil configuration. The overall incidence was 14 per cent, with little variation between the sexes or races. The incidence was not related to increasing age, measured stenosis of the spinal canal or osteophytosis. Of 74 trefoil-shaped vertebrae, 68 (92 per cent) were found at the fifth lumbar level. It is suggested that the trefoil configuration is a common non-pathological condition, usually of the fifth lumbar vertebral canal, and is probably a developmental variation of normal anatomy. PMID- 7351440 TI - Computerised tomography in lumbar stenosis. A preliminary report. AB - Cross-sectional studies of the lumbar spinal canal were performed by computerised tomography in asymptomatic subjects and in patients with myelographic and clinical findings suggestive of lumbar stenosis. In most cases stenosis was found to be developmental or combined in nature. Computerised tomography is a useful adjunct to myelography in the evaluation of lumbar stenosis as it enables an accurate assessment to be made of the type, degree and extent of narrowing of the vertebral canal. PMID- 7351441 TI - Swanson's silastic implants in great toes. AB - This is a review of 77 partial replacement and interposition arthroplasties in which Silastic implants were used. The operations were carried out between 1971 and 1977 on the metatarsophalangeal joints of the great toes of 62 patients. Twenty-six of the operations were for painful hallux rigidus and 51 for hallux valgus. The patients were reviewed 12 to 92 months after operation, the average follow-up being 60 months. The analysis of results indicated that while the procedure may be suitable for hallux rigidus its use for hallux valgus is not fully satisfactory in the long run. PMID- 7351442 TI - An autoradiographic study of the retinal projection in Xenopus laevis with comparisons to Rana. AB - The retinal projection to the brain in Xenopus has been examined using autoradiographic techniques. The labelled moieties used were 3H-proline and 3H fucose. There are three anterior thalamic optic terminal sites in Xenopus. These are the nucleus of Bellonci, the corpus geniculatum thalamicum and the rostral visual nucleus. The first two of these are similar to the homonymous nuclei in Rana while the last, the rostral visual nucleus, appears to correspond to the rostral end of the posterior entopeduncular nucleus of Rana. Both the nucleus of Bellonci and the rostral visual nucleus receive strong ipisilateral retinal inputs while the corpus geniculatum receives only a weak ipsilateral projection. In the posterior thalamic: pretectal region there is only one clearly defined optic terminal nucleus--the uncinate field. This structure receives a strong ipsilateral input. In addition there are two other labelled fields in this region whose nature (fibers v. terminals) cannot be clearly discerned in autoradiographs. These are the thalamopretectal field--a horizontal band which extends in the dorsomedial neuropil from midthalamus to the pretectum, and the pretectal field where diffuse labelling is evident, especially ipsilateral to the injected eye. The thalamopretectal field also receives an ipsilateral input. The optic tectum in Xenopus receives a dense contralateral retinal innervation but only a weak ipsilateral projection. Finally, the basal optic nucleus receives both contralateral and ipsilateral retinal innervation with the latter being, by far, the weaker of the two. In addition to other differences between the two species, it is obvious that there is a much denser and more extensive ipsilateral retinal projection to the thalamic and pretectal brain structures in Xenopus than in Rana. This is presumably due to the greater size of the binocular field in Xenopus. PMID- 7351443 TI - A mechanism for the guidance and topographic patterning of retinal ganglion cell axons. AB - Three dimensional reconstruction, with the use of serial, 1-micrometer sections, has revealed a system of oriented intercellular spaces within the undifferentiated optic cup. These large openings appear in the marginal zone of the primitive retina and optic stalk prior to the formation of the first retinal ganglion cell axons. The spaces at the region of the optic disc form sets of long, interconnecting tunnels oriented in the direction of the stalk. The spaces at the back and rim of the cup form blind, radially arranged pockets. The extracellular tunnels of the optic disc region strictly maintain their positions in relation to the optic fissure and, thus, discrete portions of the retina become connected by continuous openings with equivalent regions in the stalk. The path taken by the earliest outgrowing optic fibers is identical to the one previously established by the intercellular tunnels. We propose that the tunnel and pocket layout may provide directional and topographic information to the first forming optic axons. PMID- 7351444 TI - Rod photoreceptors and scotopic vision in ground aquirrels. AB - Ground squirrel retinas contain a relatively small complement of rods (5--10% of all photoreceptors) which are thought to provide the basis for a weak scotopic visual capacity. In a previous investigation of the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) involving the recording of a retinal gross potential, the electroretinogram (ERG), electrophysiological evidence for a viable scotopic signal could be obtained from some, but not all of the ground squirrels examined. To further pursue the possibility that there is a structural/functional discrepancy in the relationship between rod photoreceptors and scotopic vision in the ground squirrel, several experiments involving electrophysiological, behavioral, and anatomical observations have been conducted. We found that although about one-third of the ERGs recorded from a large sample of California ground squirrels lack those characteristics which would indicate the presence of a viable scotopic signal, the retinas of all the squirrels appear to contain the same small population of rod photoreceptors. Additional experiments on the golden mantled ground squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis), including behavioral as well as ERG measurements and anatomical observations, lead to this same conclusion. PMID- 7351445 TI - In vivo metabolic activity of a putative circadian oscillator, the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. AB - The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) has been proposed as a site for an endogenous circadian oscillator in mammals, since lesions of the nucleus abolish a wide spectrum of overt-circadian rhythms. To demonstrate that a directly measurable property of the SCN itself in intact (unlesioned) animals is affected by environmental light and exhibits circadian rhythmicity, we used the autoradiographic 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose method to determine glucose utilization of rat SCN under a variety of lighting conditions. Our experiments indicate an important role for the SCN in circadian rhythm organization, and we believe the deoxyglucose method will prove useful as a tool for better understanding the functions and mechanisms of circadian clocks. Key words: suprachiasmatic nucleus, circadian rhythm, 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose. PMID- 7351446 TI - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and bilateral fungal balls terminating in disseminated aspergillosis. AB - A unique case of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis associated with bilateral apical aspergillomas terminating in disseminated aspergillosis is presented. Postulated mechanisms of this combination are discussed with respect to the patient's clinical findings. The contribution of systemic and aerosolized corticosteroids are considered major contributing factors to dissemination of disease. PMID- 7351447 TI - Candidiasis and dysphonia complicating beclomethasone treatment of asthma. PMID- 7351448 TI - Comparison of responses to pollen extract in subjects with allergic asthma and nonasthmatic subjects with allergic rhinitis. PMID- 7351449 TI - Effect of exercise on aging--effect of aging on exercise. AB - The coincidence of age changes with alterations in body structure and function is striking. Increasing evidence indicates that many of the changes commonly attributable to aging can be retarded by an active exercise program. Physical exercise, properly supervised, is a safe and widely applicable form of therapy. PMID- 7351451 TI - Practical considerations in the rehabilitation of the aged. AB - Enlightened geriatric care provides assistance to the elderly for living independently as long as possible. Essential to this amenity is the high priority placed upon restoration in coordination with other forms of therapy. Medical rehabilitation too often has been associated with employment-oriented goals and with major physical achievements. Restoration of the young spinal-injured paraplegic patient has been a model for rehabilitation medicine. The aged, also, often can be restored to optimal levels of functional capacity commensurate with their lesser needs. Rehabilitative principles for the management of disability are the same in old age as at any other time of life. Certain age-related factors, however, profoundly influence programs of restoration for the elderly. These factors need full consideration when physicians plan appropriate care for their aged patients. A list of guidelines is presented. PMID- 7351450 TI - The diagnosis of depression in the elderly. AB - The reported prevalence of depressive symptomatology among the elderly ranges from 5 to 65 percent in hospital and community populations. Depression is considered the most common emotional disorder of advanced age. One of the chief diagnostic problems has been the lack of differentiation between disorders manifested by dysphoric or depressive symptoms. Recent work on operational criteris, as exemplified in the Third Edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-III) provides a basis from which the diagnosis of depression can be made and subgroups of elderly depressed subjects can be delineated. A community survey involving a stratified random sample of 997 persons aged 65 or older living in Durham County was completed in 1972. An 18-item subscale eliciting depressive symptomatology was abstracted from the survey questionnaire and submitted to factor analysis, tests of reliability, and association with clinical diagnosis. The instrument proved to be a useful means of identifying persons with depressive symptomatology, as outlined in DSM III. It also can be used for epidemiologic studies of depression in the elderly. PMID- 7351452 TI - Multiple primary neoplasms in the elderly. AB - The frequency of multiple primary neoplasms in the elderly was studied in three personal series of autopsy cases. Comparison with the results of other workers showed a range of 0.6 percent to 36 percent of all neoplasms, verified at autopsy. PMID- 7351453 TI - Psychosocial problems of the aged: a shared medical responsibility. AB - The respective roles of the psychiatrist and the family physician in dealing with the psychologic and some of the social problems of the aged are briefly outlined. By close cooperation of these two groups of physicians, many aged patients can be helped. More important is the fact that both groups of physicians can contribute to a change in attitude toward aging among the younger members of society. This offers hope that many of the psychosocial problems of the aged can be minimized or prevented. PMID- 7351454 TI - Primary Hodgkin's disease of the stomach in a 72-year-old man. AB - Primary Hodgkin's disease of the stomach is rare, but it may occur at any age. In surgically treated patients, the prognosis is better than for adenocarcinoma. Therefore, a precise diagnosis of the gastic tumor is paramount. Endoscopic biopsy is a valuable aid. A case report is presented of a 72-year-old man in whom a diagnosis of gastric lymphoma was made preoperatively. Results were good one year after surgical therapy. PMID- 7351455 TI - Relative mortality of chronically ill geriatric patients with organic brain damage, before and after relocation. AB - Elderly patients in whom mental impairment is associated with organic brain damage (chronic brain syndrome) usually bear a higher mortality risk than do other sick geriatric patients, especially under the stress of relocation. When Ste. Anne's Hospital moved, the patients with chronic brain syndrome had the highest mortality rate during the following year. Apparently these brain-damaged subjects failed to cope with the situation until it became real (after relocation). Thus, in a stress prevention program adopted when a geriatric institution plans to move, special attention should be paid to the subpopulation with chronic brain syndrome in the period immediately following the relocation. PMID- 7351456 TI - Diplopia in the aged: etiology and management. AB - A description of diplopia, its causes, compensating mechanisms, and therapy is presented. Diplopia may be of benign origin, e.g., presbyopia or convergence insufficiency, but in the elderly it can be a warning of a severe local disorder or systemic disease. Early medical diagnosis should be a prime objective. Most of these disorders, if identified in time, can be cured or at least relieved by appropriate medical and surgical treatment. PMID- 7351457 TI - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: rehabilitation program with continuation on an outpatient basis. AB - A total of 187 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were treated in a rehabilitation program, initially as inpatients and then scheduled to continue 6 months or more in an outpatient clinic. The mean age was 61 (range, 28-76 years). Changes shown by participants in the outpatient program were compared to those shown by the nonparticipants. For both groups, the mortality rates were similar to published figures, and were strongly related to the levels of forced expiratory volume/sec (FEV 1.0). The FEV 1.0 declined significantly within one year in both groups. Psychologic test scores were unchanged. There was a sharp increase in unemployment. Although rehabilitative therapy must be continued, high priority should be given to early detection of COPD in patients who have airway obstruction but are otherwise asymptomatic. Possibly, at that stage, the elimination of cigarette smoking may slow the process. PMID- 7351458 TI - Bartter's syndrome in a 74-year-old woman: response to anti-inflammatory agents. AB - The occurrence of Bartter's syndrome is described in a 74-year-old woman with a fractured hip. She showed hypokalemia and elevated levels of plasma renin and aldosterone. Only with difficulty did large doses of potassium supplementation raise the serum potassium level. After discontinuation of the exogenous potassium, there was a good response to treatment with anti-inflammatory agents such as indomethacin and aspirin. PMID- 7351459 TI - Interossei and lumbricales muscles of the foot. An anatomical and functional study. PMID- 7351460 TI - Cholesterol emboli involving the lower extremity. A reflection of a multisystem disease. PMID- 7351461 TI - A study on US lifetime walking distance. Implications and questions. PMID- 7351462 TI - Hemorrhage within plantar callus. A cutaneous sign of rheumatoid angiitis. PMID- 7351463 TI - Biplane calcaneal osteotomy for severe pes cavovarus deformity. A case report. PMID- 7351464 TI - The lazy S approach for correction of painful underlapping fifth digit. PMID- 7351465 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the tibialis posterior tendon. A case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7351466 TI - Tenotomy of the abductor hallucis for correction of resistant metatarsus adductus. A case report. PMID- 7351467 TI - Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. A case report. PMID- 7351468 TI - Hand signals in surgery. PMID- 7351469 TI - Educational diagnosis for a podiatric program in a high risk population. PMID- 7351470 TI - The role of the podiatrist as first point practitioner in sports medicine. PMID- 7351471 TI - Podiatrists must preserve primary care role. PMID- 7351472 TI - Ultrastructural localization of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase (NADPase) activity to the intermediate saccules of the Golgi apparatus in rat incisor ameloblasts. AB - Cytochemical evidence for the existence of a Golgi-associated phosphatase activity that hydrolyzes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) at acid pH in rat incisor ameloblasts was obtained by incubating sections from glutaraldehyde-fixed teeth in a medium containing NADP as substrate and lead ions as capture agent. Following incubation for 1 hr at 37 degrees C and pH 5.0, the Golgi saccules situated between those at the cis (immature) and trans (mature) faces of the ameloblast Golgi apparatus were marked by reaction product with the heaviest deposit in the middle saccule. Reaction product was otherwise seen in trace amounts only over some elements of the GERL system as well as a few lysosomal dense bodies and immature secretory granules. Control experiments established that the selective staining of intermediate Golgi saccules at pH 5.0 could only be duplicated by using substrates that resembled the complete NADP molecule, and not just the portion containing the adenosine 2'-monophosphate group. As well, no deposits of reaction product were seen within the Golgi saccules of ameloblasts incubated at pH 5.0 with nictoinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as the substrate or that were incubated at pH 7.2 or pH 9.0 with NADP as the substrate. It was concluded that a specific, acid-NADPase activity is present in the intermediate Golgi saccules of secretory ameloblasts. Preliminary observations on other cells suggest that the localization of NADPase activity to Golgi saccules may constitute a general phenomenon. PMID- 7351473 TI - Sensitivity in electron microscope autoradiography for calcium-45. AB - The sensitivity of Ilford L4 emulsion to 45Ca was determined for electron microscope autoradiographic conditions. Sensitivity values were obtained for monolayers and double layers of emulsion in combination with various developing procedures. The dependence of sensitivity upon radiation dose was determined. All results are compared to previously calibrated isotopes. PMID- 7351474 TI - A rapid method of cryofixation of tissues in situ for ultracryomicrotomy. AB - A device is described for the rapid freezing of tissue in situ by a punch biopsy approach using a specially designed cryogun with a highly thermal conductive specimen holder. The cryogun consists of a sampling device using a double, spring loaded gun mechanism and a system of cryochambers. Ultrathin freeze-dried sections cut from samples obtained with this cryogun are relatively free of artifacts and have few ice crystals. Organelles are seen by natural contrast when cryosections of approximately 1000 A are observed with a transmission electron microscope or in the transmission mode of a scanning electron microscope. The construction of the cryogun is described along with a method of obtaining improved, ultrafast cryofixation of tissue specimens. The reliability of obtaining x-ray microanalysis measurements of diffusible ions where movement within cell compartments has been retained is discussed. PMID- 7351475 TI - Cytochemical differentiation of the Golgi apparatus from GERL. AB - GERL exhibits a number of structural properties, such as its location at the trans face of the Golgi apparatus, thick limiting membranes with occasional coated regions, and close relationship to the ER, which are similar in all cells wehre it has been identified. Acid hydrolase activity and the formation of lysosomes, also considered characteristic of GERL, have been shown to be less consistent properties of GERL in some cells. Finally, GERL and the Golgi saccules of certain cells undergo significant changes in their cytochemical and structural properties in response to specific alterations in cellular activity. These variations are important for at least two reasons: first, they indicate the care required in differentiating GERL from the Golgi saccules based on limited cytochemical observations; second, and most important, they may yield information regarding the biogenetic and functional relationships between the ER, Golgi saccules, and GERL, such as the origin of GERL in various cells and the role of each organelle in the processing of lysosomal and secretory proteins. PMID- 7351476 TI - Cytochemical localization of acid hydrolases in neurons of the mammalian central nervous system. PMID- 7351477 TI - Myxomatosis: the emergence of male and female European rabbit fleas Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale) from laboratory cultures. AB - The sex ratios and the emergence patterns of the European rabbit flea bred under animal house conditions were examined. An overall preponderance of female fleas was found. This was due to the greater preponderance of female fleas in the primary emergence, whereas the sex ratios in the secondary emergence were about 1:1. PMID- 7351478 TI - Intradermal versus subcutaneous immunization with typhoid vaccine. AB - Swedish nationals about to travel abroard were immunized against typhoid with a monovalent heat-inactivated vaccine which was administered intra- or subcutaneously. No major differences in serum antibody response were noted in the two groups of vaccinees as determined with direct agglutination and indirect hemagglutination techniques. As the intracutaneous route caused fewer adverse reactions this way of administration seems to be preferable. PMID- 7351479 TI - Further observations on the effect of feeding diets containing avoparcin, bacitracin and sodium arsenilate on the colonization of the alimentary tract of poultry by salmonella organisms. AB - The continuous administration of food containing 10 mg/kg of avoparcin to groups of 28 chickens in contact with five chickens experimentally infected with a nalidixic acid-resistant (nalr) mutant of a salmonella strain strongly favoured the colinization of their alimentary tracts with salmonella organisms. Bacitracin, 10 mg/kg, either had no effect or only slightly favoured salmonella colonization and sodium arsenilate usually hindered it. These results were obtained with four different strains of chickens, four different diets and five salmonella serotypes, including a nals form of one of them; the chickens were kept both on wire-netting and littered floors. Similar results were also obtained when turkeys were used instead of chickens. When groups of 33 chickens were inoculated orally with different doses of nalr Salmonella typhimurium organisms, smaller doses were required to infect those fed on an avoparcin-containing diet than those fed on a non-medicated diet. Infection spread more rapidly and more extensively through the avoparcin-fed groups than through the non-medicated groups. PMID- 7351480 TI - Studies on the incidence of Toxocara and Toxascaris spp. ova in the environment. 1. A comparison of flotation procedures for recovering Toxocara spp. ova from soil. AB - Seven different flotation fluids were assessed for their efficiency in recovering Toxocara canis ova from artificially seeded soil samples. Using the most efficient (a saturated solution of magnesium sulphate plus 5% potassium iodide) 25 g amounts of 234 environmental soil samples were examined for the presence of Toxocara spp. and Toxascaris ova. Twenty-six samples (11.1%) yielded ova of one or other species. There was no discernible pattern of distribution of positives with relation to the source of the samples. The maximum number of ova recovered in any one sample was 19. All the ova recovered from the environment were considered viable and potentially infective. PMID- 7351481 TI - Measure of rheumatoid factor in human sera by passive haemagglutination of human erythrocytes carrying immunoglobulin linked by chromic chloride. AB - Serum rheumatoid factor in sero-positive patients with rheumatoid arthritis may be measured by passive haemagglutination of trypsin-treated human red cells linked with heat-aggregated human IgG by chromic chloride. The results show excellent correlation with those obtained with the classical Rose-Waaler test. The sera may be tested unheated and do not require preliminary absorption with red cells. By this test procedure it should also be possible to analyse the species, allotypic and conformational specificity of different rheumatoid factors. PMID- 7351482 TI - Analysis of the lymphocyte distribution during Isopaque-Ficoll isolation of mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood. AB - Using chromium-labelled mononuclear cells the movements of lymphocytes in Isopaque-Ficoll (I-F) gradients were analysed. Even small percentages of ox or autologous human erythrocytes mixed with the lymphocytes caused a significant loss of lymphoid cells and this loss was augmented when higher numbers of red cells were added. Such losses could be prevented using I-F gradients of higher densities, but then neutrophils and erythrocytes were found to contaminate the mononuclear suspensions recovered. Purified B and T lymphocytes were found to move identically on the gradients, but when human erythrocytes were added to the lymphocyte suspensions to be separated, a small but significant preferential loss of T cells was observed. PMID- 7351483 TI - Separation of granulocytes from peripheral blood in a single step using discontinuous density gradients of Ficoll-Urografin. A comparative study with separation by dextran. AB - A single-step method for separating granulocytes from peripheral blood using two different gradients of Ficoll-Urografin (F-U) density 1.075 and 1.097 g/ml) is described. The morphological, cytochemical and ultrastructural properties of neutrophils isolated by this method were compared to those isolated by dextran enhanced sedimentation and neutrophils from the peripheral blood. These studies indicated fewer alterations in neutrophils separated by F-U centrifugation than in neutrophils concentrated by dextran. Finally, the granulocyte layer recovered by F-U fractionation was 98% pure (dextran 71%) and yielded 64% (dextran 79%) of total granulocytes. PMID- 7351484 TI - The use of protein A-sepharose affinity chromatography for separation and detection of specific IgM antibody in acquired rubella infection: a comparison with absorption by staphylococci containing protein A and density gradient ultracentrifugation. PMID- 7351485 TI - Immunological properties of glomerular basement membrane antigens solubilized by elastase digestion. AB - Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was solubilized by hog pancreas elastase and fractionated on Bio-Gel P-2. The composition and antigenic properties of elastase solubilized GBM were compared with those of whole GBM. Elastase-solubilized bovine GBM (ES-BoGBM) and whole bovine GBM (BoGBM) showed similar amino acid and carbohydrate compositions, suggesting that neither the glycoprotein nor the collagen component of the GBM was selectively solubilized. Administration of rabbit antibodies against elastase-solubilized rat GBM (ES-RtGBM) and whole rat GBM (RtGBM) to rats showed that these preparations had similar nephritogenic properties although the kidney saturation dose was higher with antibodies to ES RtGBM, suggesting that rabbits may recognize antigenic sites in ES-RtGBM which are not exposed in RtGBM. Radiolabeled ES-BoGBM or ES-RtGBM could be used in a radioimmunoassay to measure the heterologous immune response and the autoimmune response in rats immunized with BoGBM. PMID- 7351486 TI - A rapid single centrifugation step method for the separation of erythrocytes, granulocytes and mononuclear cells on continuous density gradients of Percoll. AB - A simple rapid method of separating mononuclear leucocytes, granulocytes and erythrocytes on continuous Percoll density gradients has been developed. The Percoll is mixed with increasing amounts of the blood, which forms the light phase of the gradient. Centrifugation at 400 X g for 30 min results in almost complete separation of the 3 groups of cells with high recoveries and degrees of purity. Blood samples from 3 patients with chronic granulomatous disease were separated with this technique and the pattern of cell separation was found to be different from normal. PMID- 7351487 TI - The isolation of the gamma subunit of fetal hemoglocin (HbF) and its use in a radioimmunoassay for HbF. AB - A method is described for the purification, from fetal hemoglobin (HbF), of the fetal specific globin chain (gamma chain) in its native state. In the absence of alpha chain (the globin chain common to all adult human hemoglobins) gamma chain, when used as an immunogen, is able to express its unique antigenicity. Here, a specific, high titer antiserum raised against gamma chain has been used to establish a sensitive radioimmunoassay for HbF. This approach may be applicable to the measurement of other normal and abnormal hemoglobins. PMID- 7351488 TI - Chromatography tubes: a novel RIA technique. AB - We describe a novel radioimmunoassay in which separation of free and antibody bound antigen is achieved by passive means. The separation is carried out by a modified form of inverted dry column chromatography on a column, or 'chromatography tube', consisting of a small polystyrene tube packed with a dry, insoluble, hydrophilic resin. Using the radioimmunoassay or digoxin as an example, an exceptionally simple procedure is described with sensitivity, accuracy and precision suitable for clinical purposes. Advantages of the chromatography tube method are discussed. PMID- 7351489 TI - Cutaneous blood flow responses to injection trauma measured by laser Doppler velocimetry. AB - The question has been raised repeatedly: what is the effect of an intracutaneous injection on skin blood flow? This is particularly relevant where radioisotope clearance techniques are used for its measurement. This study was performed to measure these changes. Using the noninvasive technique of laser Doppler velocimetry to measure cutaneous blood flow, injections were made in the forearm skin with a needle alone, and with 20 microliter of saline, histamine or epinephrine. In each case, measurements were made of resting flow and elevated flow levels, the latter produced by heating the site to 44 degrees C for 5 min prior to the study. At resting flow levels, insertion of the needle or injection of saline produced approximately a sevenfold increase in flow over the base line; the flow increase remained elevated for periods of at least 20 min. Histamine produced a much smaller increase, and epinephrine a decrease as compared to the base line. In the heated sites, vasodilatation was already present, and flow levels decreased in all cases, slightly with the needle and saline, more with histamine, and most with epinephrine. It is concluded that there is a significant increase in skin blood flow caused by injections into the skin, but this response is progressively more masked as base line flow levels increase. PMID- 7351490 TI - Cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity response to fungal antigens in guinea pigs. AB - Guinea pigs infected with Trichophyton mentagrophytes developed a cutaneous fungal lesion and became skin test positive to fungal antigen (trichophytin). The cutaneous fungal lesion, while thought to be a cell-mediated response, differed histologically from the skin test site. Basophils were not demonstrated in biopsies of cutaneous fungal lesions, whereas basophils were numerous in biopsies of trichophytin skin test sites. When sensitization to trichophytin was accomplished by injection of hypha in complete Freund's adjuvant instead of infecting with live fungus, basophils could not be demonstrated in skin test sites. This report demonstrated that guinea pigs could be primed for cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity (CBH) responses by infection with live fungus. PMID- 7351491 TI - Morphological characteristics of epithelial and fibroblastic cells growing out from biopsies of human skin. AB - Skin biopsies are routinely used to establish fibroblast cultures in vitro, but the ultrastructural properties of the cells during this outgrowth have not received much attention. In the present study, the rate and the nature of the outgrowth of skin biopsy explants were examined in a quantitative and qualitative fashion. Attention was particularly focused on the morphogenetic properties of the various cell types present in the initial outgrowth. The rate of success in obtaining an outgrowth from the explants was slightly dependent on the composition of the medium or the serum. In more than 95% of the cases an initial epithelial outgrowth was obtained. At a later stage the outgrowth became fibroblastic. Remarkable differences in the behavior and ultrastructural properties of epithelial and fibroblastic cells were observed. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine occurred almost simultaneously with the epithelial outgrowth but preceded the migration of the fibroblasts. Under scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the cells of the outermost layers of the epithelium remained flat and polygonal and were covered with small villi during migration. The cells were closely apposed. The germinative cells had a spiky surface and were separated by large intercellular spaces. No basal lamina was formed by the migrating cells. The fibroblasts maintained their shape and smooth surface and reached the substratum under the epithelial outgrowth. They accumulated microfilaments and microtubules in their cytoplasm and were characterized by surface-associated extracellular material. On the substratum, the fibroblasts spreadout. The behavior and ultrastructural properties of these fibroblasts resemble closely those observed on fibroblasts growing-out from aggregates. PMID- 7351492 TI - PUVA-induced repigmentation of vitiligo: scanning electron microscopy of hair follicles. AB - PUVA-i-duced repigmentation of vitiligo was studied using both the split-dopa reaction and scanning electron microscopy. Proliferation of hypertrophic, Dopa positive melanocytes were observed in the lower portion of some hair follicles, whereas other giant melanocytes were observed along the middle portion. The existence of a melanocyte reservoir in human hair follicles is postulated. PMID- 7351493 TI - Cell proliferation kinetics in the human hair root. AB - The kinetics of cell proliferation in the matrix cells of human scalp hair were determined in vivo. Autoradiographic analysis was employed on biopsy specimens taken at specific time intervals after intradermal injection of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) into the scalps of volunteer subjects. The durations of the S and G2 phases (Ts and Tg2) were 11.1 and 3.6 hr respectively, obtained from the composite percent labeled mitosis curve. The labeling index of the hari matrix cells was 28.6% +/- 2.2%. The durations of mitosis and of the total cell cycle (Tm and Tgc) were calculated to be 0.8 hr and 38.8 hr respectively. The growth fraction of hair root germinative cells was estimated as 75-100% on the basis of "continuous" 3H-TdR exposure over the duration of the cell cycle. It is noted that the kinetics of human hair root cells are quite similar to the kinetics of psoriatic epidermal cells, suggesting that both tissues are approaching the maximum proliferative rate of keratinogenic epithelial cells. PMID- 7351494 TI - Mechanism of action of 17 alpha-propyltestosterone in inhibiting hamster flank organ development. AB - Win 17,665 [topterone, (17 beta)-17-hydroxy-17-propylandrost-4-en-3-one] inhibited stimulation of flank organ development of castrated immature male hamsters by both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, whereas progesterone inhibited the stimulation by only testosterone. Topical application of Win 17,665 on the flank organs of the male hamster did not cause any significant effect on testosterone metabolism of this tissue. In addition, there was no decrease in the lipogenic capacity of the flank organ. The evidence presented indicates that Win 17,665 exerts its antiandrogenic action by binding with the cytosolic androgen receptor(s) in the flank organ thus inhibiting the action of dihydrotestosterone. PMID- 7351495 TI - Plasma levels of 8-methoxypsoralen determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography in psoriatic patients ingesting drug from two manufacturers. AB - We have adapted a rapid and sensitive high-pressure liquid chromatographic technique (HPLC) to measure plasma levels of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) in 22 psoriatic patients receiving photochemotherapy with 8-MOP and long-wave ultraviolet light (PUVA). In this procedure, 1 ml plasma samples containing ammidin as an internal standard are extracted with benzene. After evaporation under nitrogen the residue is redissolved in methylenechloride:acetonitrile, 95:5, and chromatographed using a normal phase HPLC system with a 10 mu silica particle column and a UV detector at 254 nm. The sensitivity of the method is 10 ng/ml plasma. Plasma concentrations of 8-MOP were measured between 2 and 4 hr after ingestion of therapeutic doses of 8-MOP provided by 2 manufacturers. Mean 8 MOP plasma levels were 27 +/- 35 ng/ml plasma 2 hr after ingestion of the only drug presently available on the U.S. market, 8-MOP (Elder). These values were significantly below (p less than 0.001) those obtained with 8-MOP (Roche) which were 104 +/- 79 ng/ml plasma. A number of patients on 8-MOP (Elder) did not have detectable levels of 8-MOP 2 hr after ingestion. The time course patterns also differed, possibly indicating a slower and less complete absorption for 8-MOP (Elder). Repeated time course studies in the same patient were reproducible although the absolute concentrations showed some variation. Preliminary evidence indicates that the plasma levels of 8-MOP have therapeutic relevance. PMID- 7351496 TI - Small intestinal biopsies and HLA types in dermatitis herpetiformis patients with granular and linear IgA skin deposits. AB - In this study we determined whether dermatitis herpetiformis patients whose skin contained linear IgA deposits differ from those whose skin contained granular IgA deposits with regard to the presence of gluten-sensitive enteropathy and with regard to the prevalence of certain histocompatibility antigens. We performed multiple Rubin tube intestinal biopsies on 11 patients, 6 with linear and 5 with granular IgA deposits. The gut biopsies were evaluated histopathologically in a blinded fashion. We found that none of the patients with linear deposits (5 with lamina lucida and 1 with sub-basal lamina deposits) h-d detectable jejunal abnormalities whereas all of those with granular deposits had jejunal abnormalitites (villous atrophy and increased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes). In parallel studies HLA typing was performed in 10 patients with linear IgA deposits and in 49 patients with granular deposits. Only 30% of those with linear deposits had HLA-B8, a prevalence not significantly different from that of the normal population (24%); in contrast, 88% of those with granular deposits had HLA-B8, a prevalence significantly greater than in the normal population ( less than 0.001). We therefore conclude that patients with linear IgA deposits have a disease which is pathophysiologically different from those with granular IgA deposits. PMID- 7351497 TI - Dermatosparaxis in a Himalayan cat: II. Ultrastructural studies of dermal collagen. AB - Dermatosparaxis is a connective tissue disease, primarily of sheep and cattle, that results from deficient activity of the NH2-terminal procollagen peptidase. It is characterized by fragile, loose skin that is easily torn with minor trauma. We have identified a cat twith a defect in this procollagen peptidase which affects only a small proportion of the collagen molecules; the majority of the collagen is processed normally. Nonetheless, as seen by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, this population of aberrant collagen molecules significantly alters the structure of individual collagen fibrils, the assembly of fibrils into fiber bundles and the integration of fiber bundles into a normal, woven network in the reticular dermis of skin. Although the clinical findings are less severe than those in sheep and cattle where the enzymatic defect is more complete, the ultrastructural abnormalities are marked and demonstrate that a minority of abnormal collagen molecules cn have a major effect on the structure and function of connective tissues. PMID- 7351498 TI - Effect of neutrophil-derived eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) in human and guinea pig skin. AB - The in vivo effectiveness of eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF), secreted in vitro by human neutrophils (PMN) during phagocytosis, is tested in 2 model systems. Injection of ECF into guinea pig ears causes a preferential attraction of eosinophils with time that is more marked in animals with preexisting eosinophilia. In the same model system, activated serum attracts fewer eosinophils and more PMN. In human skin windows, ECF and activated serum are equally effective on a quantitative basis, but ECF is more selective for eosinophils in patients with eosinophilia. With normal controls, ECF and activated serum attract PMN equally well. The studies confirm previous in vitro observations on the properties of ECF and suggest a potentially significant role of this factor during pathological processes. PMID- 7351500 TI - The stretching of mouse skin in vivo: effect on epidermal proliferation and thickness. AB - Small springs were implanted in the backskin of hairless mice to determine the effects of mechanical stretching on epidermal proliferation. The controls consisted of sham operated animals, in which the implanted springs did not exert any tension so as to identify any effect due to surgical trauma, and unoperated animals. There was a significant rise in the mitotic index after one day in both experimental and sham operated animals and a slight thinning of the stretched epidermis. After 2 days the mitotic index and thickness of the epidermis of the stretched skin were greater than that of the sham operated or unoperated control group, and these differences were maintained after 4 days and were significant. At this time the stretched epidermis showed a hyperplastic response with a thickening of all cell layers. It appears that tension due to stretching increases the mitotic activity of the epidermis leading to an increased progenitor cell population and subsequent tissue hyperplasia. PMID- 7351499 TI - An experimental approach to the chemotherapy of melanoma. PMID- 7351501 TI - Normal UV-induced DNA repair synthesis in peripheral leukocytes from patients with malignant melanoma of the skin. AB - Seventeen patients with malignant melanoma were compared to 24 control subjects regarding UV-induced DNA repair synthesis. Peripheral leukocytes were irradiated with different UV-doses and the DNA-repair synthesis was measured in presence of hydroxyurea. A dose response curve was established for each individual. No statistical differences were observed when melanoma patients were compared to the controls. PMID- 7351502 TI - Increased granulocyte adherence in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. AB - Circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis were found to be significantly more adherent to nylon fiber columns when compared with both normal and nonpsoriatic patient control groups. The increased adherence correlated positively with the extent of disease and was highest in those patients with psoriatic arthritis. Total leukocyte and PMN counts were increased in psoriasis patients and were highest in the psoriatic arthritis group. No increase in cell counts was found for mononuclear leukocytes. PMN adherence was not increased in lithium-treated patients or a nonpsoriatic patient control group although such patients did have significant granulocytosis. PMN's are frequently present in lesions of psoriasis as are activated complement components and abnormal keratinocyte cyclic nucleotide levels. These factors or others may cause a generalized activation of PMN's in psoriasis leading to migration of neutrophils into the skin lesion. The present study demonstrates a systemic effector cell alteration in psoriasis and contradicts the general concept that uncomplicated psoriasis is limited to the skin. PMID- 7351503 TI - "Inert" vehicles do affect wound healing. AB - The effect of a single daily application of U.S.P. petrolatum, an oil-in-water vanishing cream or a lotion on the rate of epidermal wound healing was determined in domestic white pigs. The superficial wounds were made with a dermatome and were not infected. In these studies, applications of U.S.P. white petrolatum retarded the rate of epidermal healing by 17% compared to untreated control wounds. Applications of an oil-in-water vanishing cream increased the rate of epidermal healing by 24% and a lotion increased the rate 15% compared to untreated control wounds. PMID- 7351504 TI - Dermatosparaxis in a Himalayan cat: I. Biochemical studies of dermal collagen. AB - Dermatosparaxis, a genetic disease, results from the deficiency of the NH2 procollagen peptidase, an enzyme which removes the NH2-terminal nontriple-helical extensions from procollagen. We have identified a Himalayan cat which has deficient amino terminal procollagen peptidase activity. The partially processed precursor chains pNalpha 1 (110,000 daltons) and pNalpha 2 (99,000 daltons) were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis. In contrast to that from a normal animal, the 20,000 xg supernatant of a skin homogenate failed to convert pNcollagen to collagen. Amino acid analysis of pNalpha 1 and pNalapha 2 chains demonstrated the presence of cysteine and a lower percentage of hydroxyprolyl and glycyl residues due to the presence of the amino terminal extensions. The disorder in this animal is milder than that in sheep and cattle which is reflected in the longer survival and relatively smaller proportion of pNalpha chains in skin. The defect was also demonstrated by skin fibroblasts in culture. PMID- 7351505 TI - Auditory evoked potential: clinical applications of brainstem electric response audiometry. PMID- 7351506 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and related lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 7351507 TI - Cesarean section: changing indications, 1968--1977. PMID- 7351508 TI - Perinatal deaths: causes of perinatal mortality at Shawnee, Mission Medical Center, 1968--1977. PMID- 7351509 TI - High risk pregnancy: obstetrics at Shawnee Mission Medical Center. PMID- 7351510 TI - NST vs CST: the nonstress test in high risk pregnancies. PMID- 7351511 TI - Risk birth registry: A newborn screening model. PMID- 7351512 TI - New therapies in the management of congestive heart failure. PMID- 7351513 TI - Effective records management. PMID- 7351515 TI - Present tension. PMID- 7351514 TI - Official KMS policy. PMID- 7351516 TI - A clinical approach to the choice of antimicrobial agents. Case number 13: acute pyelonephritis. PMID- 7351517 TI - Genital abnormalities in a group of 500 hysterosalpingograms. PMID- 7351518 TI - Grand rounds. The widening definition of familial polyposis. PMID- 7351519 TI - Early management of head injuries. PMID- 7351520 TI - Electrophysiological diagnosis and surgical treatment of recurrent supraventricular tachycardias due to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 7351521 TI - Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy: clinical viewpoint and report of a chronic case in pregnancy. PMID- 7351522 TI - Informed consent in Georgia: previewing the "1980 model". PMID- 7351523 TI - Commentary on physician advertising. PMID- 7351524 TI - Nutrition and maintenance of cardiovascular health. PMID- 7351525 TI - No one product. PMID- 7351526 TI - Defibrination syndrome following bites by the Eastern diamondback rattlesnake. PMID- 7351528 TI - Changing times. PMID- 7351529 TI - The Washington establishment. PMID- 7351527 TI - Use of a primary care clinic by residents of a rural Florida county. PMID- 7351530 TI - "I can't afford a 'B'". PMID- 7351531 TI - Meeting with the press. PMID- 7351532 TI - A comparison of the structural polypeptides of five strains of mumps virus. AB - The polypeptide patterns of five strains of mumps virus have been compared under uniform electrophoresis conditions. These strains included the MJ and RW strains, recently isolated from human cerebrospinal fluid, the neuro-adapted Kilham strain and the chick embryo-adapted Enders and Jeryl Lynn strains. A similar pattern of polypeptides, featuring six common and virus-specific species, was obtained with purified virus grown in ovo, in hick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) or in Vero cells. These polypeptides have been designated VP1 (mol. wt. 200000), VP2 (mol. wt. 80000 or 75000), VP3 (mol. wt. 68000), VP4 (mol. wt. 58000), VP5 (mol. wt. 45000), VP6 (mol. wt. 39000). The virus glycoproteins were identified as VP2 and VP4; the nucleocapsid-associated proteins as VP1, VP3 and VP5. Additional polypeptides occurring both in uninfected Vero cells and in uninfected CEFs appeared in polypeptide profiles of purified mumps virus preparations, and could not be designated virus-specific polypeptides. Alhtough strain differences were minimal, we did observe (1) an extra protein, nucleocapsidassociated, in patterns from the chick-adapted Enders strain of mumps virus and (2) strain-dependent variability in the size of VP2. PMID- 7351533 TI - Interferon effects on Friend leukaemia cells. I. EXpression of virus and erythroid markers in untreated and dimethyl sulphoxide-treated cells. AB - The effects of low doses (40 to 1000 units/ml) of mouse interferon (IF) on the expression of Friend leukaemia virus (FLV) and globin genes in Friend leukaemia cells (FLC) have been examined. IF blocks production of extracellular virus, but virus antigens accumulate in the cytoplasm. In cells treated with IF at the time of seeding, there is a reduction in the amount of RNA specified by the lymphatic leukaemia virus (LLV) component of FLV; with the same IF dose there is a small but definite stimulation of haemoglobin and globin mRNA synthesis. The effects of IF on LLV gene expression are even more pronounced in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) stimulated LFC. No correlation was found between LLV gene expression and the appearance of erythroid markers. PMID- 7351534 TI - Production and initial characterization of rat interferon. AB - Rat interferon of relatively high specific activity (about 10(6) units/mg protein) was produced in embryonic rat cells treated with Newcastle disease virus at a high m.o.i. The cells were cultured in serum-free medium and the interferon was precipitated and concentrated with 0.02 M-zinc acetate or with ammonium sulphate at 85% saturation. With both methods the increase in interferon activity was greater than the concentration factor. The rat interferon activity was stable on treatment with 0.15 M-perchloric acid or three cycles of freezing and thawing, but incubation at 37 degrees C for 1 h resulted in a 50% loss in activity. It had no cross activity in human or mouse cells. The sensitivity of different types of rat cells for rat interferon differed widely and was dependent on the challenge virus. Human interferons had no detectable antiviral activity on rat cells and did not block the activity of rat interferon. PMID- 7351535 TI - Morphology of a reo-like virus isolated from juvenile American oysters (Crassotrea virginica). AB - Rotational enhancement of image detail performed on a proposed new serotype of reovirus suggested icosahedral symmetry of T = 3 with some morphological features of members of the Reoviridae family. PMID- 7351536 TI - Acquisition of susceptibility to coxsackievirus A2 by the rat L8 cell line during myogenic differentiation. AB - Coxsackievirus A2 was propagated to high titres in the established rat L8 myogenic cell line during the stage of differentiation characterized by fusion of myoblasts into multinucleated myotubes (192 h post-plating cultures). In contrast, pre-fusion mononucleated L8 cultured infected 24 h after plating were refractory to Coxsackievirus A2 infection, as was a non-fusing clonal variant of the L8 line (L8CL3-U) regardless of the age of the latter cultures. The development of virus susceptibility in the older L8 cultures correlated with a marked virus-specific c.p.e. as evidenced by vacuolated degenerating myotubes with disrupted cytoplasm, whereas no c.p.e. was seen following infection of the young L8 or variant L8CL3-U cultures. The restriction of Coxsackievirus A2 replication in young L8 and L8CL3-U cultures occurred after virus attachment. PMID- 7351537 TI - Effect of interferon on mouse leukaemia virus (MuLV). V. Abnormal proteins in virions of Rauscher MuLV produced in the presence of interferon. AB - Interferon treatment of JLSV-6 cells chronically infected with Rauscher MuLV leads to the formation of non-infectious particles ('interferon' virions) containing the structural proteins coded by the env and gag genes as well as additional virus polypeptides. The major glycoprotein detected in the control virions is gp71, but 'interferon' virions contain in addition an 85K mol. wt. (gp85) glucosamine-containing, fucose-deficient glycoprotein. This is recognized by antiserum to MuLV and may be related to env pr85. Surface iodination of intact virions indicates that gp71 and gp85 are the two major components of the external envelope. However, whereas in control virions gp71 associates with p15E (gp90), this complex was not detected in 'interferon' virions. Analysis of radio-labelled (3H-amino acids or iodinated) proteins from disrupted 'interferon' virions revealed the presence of 65K, 55K, 40K, 20K and 12K mol. wt. polypeptides which could be precipitated with antiserum against MuLV. There was a distinct difference in the patterns of incorporation of pulse-labelled 3H-amino acid polypeptides into virions in the presence and absence of interferon. Those polypeptides labelled in the presence of interferon and recovered in the extracellular virions in a chase with interferon appeared to have substantially fewer copies of p30 and more of gag pr55 polypeptide than the controls. These results indicate that in the presence of interferon there are changes in the proteolytic cleavage associated with virion assembly. PMID- 7351538 TI - Social anxiety and psychiatric diagnosis. AB - Difficulties in interpersonal relationships are common complaints of psychiatric patients, and some investigators have contended that a lack of social skills, excessive social anxiety, and interpersonal problems are important causes of psychiatric disorders. To investigate further the relationship between social anxiety and psychiatric disorders, a survey of outpatients (N = 303) and untreated controls (N = 216) was conducted using measures of social anxiety, self consciousness, general anxiety, and depression. Schizophrenics, secondary depressives, and nonpsychotic patients in individual and group psychotherapy characterized themselves as most shy in the diagnostically mixed patient group. Patients with primary effective disorders and family therapy patients were less socially anxious and resembled the control group in this respect. The single best predictor of status as a patient vs. status as a control was level of depression as determined by a stepwise discriminant function analysis. The relationship between social anxiety and secondary depression deserves additional attention in order to assess the possible causal links between this variables. PMID- 7351539 TI - Changes in average evoked responses using abstention in chronic alcoholics. PMID- 7351540 TI - An improved diagnostic evaluation instrument for substance abuse patients. The Addiction Severity Index. AB - The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) is a structured clinical interview developed to fill the need for a reliable, valid, and standardized diagnostic and evaluative instrument in the field of alcohol and drug abuse. The ASI may be administered by a technician in 20 to 30 minutes producing 10-point problem severity ratings in each of six areas commonly affected by addiction. Analyses of these problem severity ratings on 524 male veteran alcoholics and drug addicts showed them to be highly reliable and valid. Correlational analyses using the severity ratings indicated considerable independence between the problem areas, suggesting that the treatment problems of patients are not necessarily related to the severity of their chemical abuse. Cluster analyses using these ratings revealed the presence of six subgroups having distinctly different patterns of treatment problems. The authors suggest the use of the ASI to match patients with treatments and to promote greater comparability of research findings. PMID- 7351541 TI - How diagnostic concepts of schizophrenia differ. PMID- 7351542 TI - Responses of chronic agoraphobics to subliminal and supraliminal phobic motion pictures. AB - Fifteen agoraphobics took part in a study to investigate their responses to repeated presentations of a phobic motion pciture. Five patients were shown the film supraliminally, five were shown it subliminally, and the remaining five formed a control group. Subjective feelings were assessed with visual analogue scales, and three physiological measures, heart rate, skin conductance, and respiratory rate, were recorded. An earlier report showed that both subliminal and supraliminal presentation produced significant improvements in phobic fear and avoidance, and the present results show that the subliminal group found the procedure much less stressful than the supraliminal group. The physiological changes during treatment showed no consistent pattern and appeared to be independent of clinical response. The results show that repeated exposure to subliminal phobic motion pictures is not anxiety provoking to agoraphobic patients and so may be appropriate therapy for those unable to tolerate other forms of treatment. PMID- 7351543 TI - Associative cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia and old age. AB - This study employed Chapman's matched associative distractor test in order to determine whether an associative dysfunction is unique to the schizophrenias. Schizophrenic and control subjects were administered two matched multiple choice subtests, with only one containing an incorrect associative alternative choice. Only the schizophrenics and the institutionalized elderly made significantly more errors on the associative subtest than on the no-associative subtest. Our results indicate that vulnerability to associative distractors is not a unique pathological response pattern of schizophrenia, and add support to the growing body of knowledge that many of the so-called pathognomonic dysfunctions of schizophrenia can also be found in other groups. PMID- 7351544 TI - Psychiatric manifestations of the post-thyroidectomy bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis syndrome. Cases and theoretical issues. AB - Post-thyroidectomy bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis (BAVCP) is a life threatening syndrome characterized by serious psychiatric manifestations as well as by voice, airway, hypothyroid, and hypoparathyroid symptoms. Of the 128 patients with post-thyroidectomy BAVCP syndrome, 45 (35.2 per cent) had psychiatric complications: 21 of the 128 patients (16.4 per cent) had pre existing psychiatric symptoms exacerbated by the post-thyroidectomy BAVCP syndrome, 16 (12.5 per cent) had psychiatric symptoms initiated by the syndrome, six (4.7 per cent) had psychiatric symptoms etiologically distinct from the syndrome, and two (1.6 per cent) were misdiagnosed. The role of psychiatric treatment is described. Theoretical aspects of laryngeal dysfunctions associated with psychiatric disorders and psychotropic medications are discussed. PMID- 7351546 TI - Recovery of function in dorsal horn following partial deafferentation. AB - 1. Collateral sprouting of L6 dorsal root afferents within the dorsal horn of the L6 spinal cord segment has been shown anatomically to occur following transection of all other lumbosacral dorsal roots in the cat. The present study was performed to examine a possible physiological correlate of that sprouting, namely, an altered somatotopic organization of the dorsal horn at L6. This was evaluated by microelectrode mapping of the L6 dorsal horn in normal cats and in cats with L6 spared, lumbosacral dorsal rhizotomies performed 2 days (subacute spared root) or more than 8 wk (chronic spared root), prior to recording. 2. In normal cats the mediolateral somatotopic sequence of hindlimb representation in the L6 dorsal horn is ventral digits 2 and 3, dorsal digits 2 and 3, dorsal foot, rostral and lateral ankle, lateral leg, lateral thigh, and back. In both subacute and chronic spared-root cats the somatotopic sequence is similar to that of normal cats, but there is a loss of proximal thigh and back representation. This proximal body region is represented at the lateral edge of the dorsal horn in normal animals. 3. There was a partial loss of responsiveness of cells in the dorsal horn in the subacute spared-root group and a partial recovery of responsiveness in the chronic group. In the subacute group punctures exhibiting no responses to tactile input tended to be clustered in the lateral dorsal horn. 4. The lateral one fourth of the dorsal horn in each animal was analyzed in terms of the percentage of recording loci occurring within it. The percentages of recording loci having receptive fields proximal to, distal to, and spanning the middle of the thigh (proximal, distal, and intermediate RFs) were tabulated for each animal. Subacute animals had a significantly lower-than-normal overall percentage of responsive loci in the lateral dorsal horn, but chronic animals did not. The percentage of distal fields therein was not different for the normal versus the subacute group, signifying that the loss of proximal and intermediate fields was responsible for the difference in overall percentage. Chronic animals, however, had significantly more distal fields than did normals. When all fields having any distal component were compared (i.e., distal and intermediate), the difference between the chronic and normal groups did not reach significance. One possible explanation of these findings is that loci having both proximal and distal RF components are unresponsive 2 days after partial denervation, but recover responsiveness to their spared distal input over an 8-wk period. One possible mechanism mediating these changes is localized sprouting of intact, spared axons. Other mechanisms of functional recovery, such as interneuronal sprouting, denervation supersensitivity, and unmasking of latent synapses, are discussed in relation to these and other data. PMID- 7351545 TI - Consultees' concordance with consultants' recommendations for diagnostic action. AB - Consultees' concordance with psychiatric consultants' recommendations for diagnostic action was studied retrospectively. Of 381 initial consultations reviewd, 110 (29 per cent) contained one or more recommendations for diagnostic action. Consultees' responses were rated concordant in only 53 per cent of these cases. This disturbing outcome, reflecting broad resistance to consultants' practice of making recommendations for diagnostic action, is attributed to consultees' use of a functional vs. organic dichotomy regarding psychiatric disorder. The functional category is argued to be perceived by consultees as a nonmedical entity. As the psychiatrist is invoked to deal with this nonmedical entity, he is seen in other than the medical mode and inconsistently afforded medical privilege. The work implies how wide the gap to medical credibility may be for psychiatric consultants and the need for new consultation strategies incorporating this cognizance. PMID- 7351547 TI - Supplementary motor area and other cortical areas in organization of voluntary movements in man. AB - 1. Previous studies in man have revealed a coupling between the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and the regional cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen. In normal man, increases in the regional cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen leads to proportional increases in the rCBF(34). We have measured the rCBF as an expression of the level of cortical activity simultaneously from 254 cortical regions in 28 patients with no major neurological defects, during rest and during planning and execution of a few types of learned voluntary movements with the hand. 2. We found that the rCBF increases exclusively in the supplementary motor area while subjects were programming a sequence of fast isolated movements of individual fingers, without actually executing it. 3. During execution of the same motor sequence, there were equivalent increases of the rCBF in both supplementary motor areas, but only in the contralateral primary motor area. In addition, there were more modest rCBF increases in the contralateral sensory hand area, the convexity part of the premotor area, and bilaterally in the inferior frontal region. 4. Repetitive fast flexions of the same finger or a sustained isometric muscular contraction raise the blood flow in the contralateral primary motor and sensory hand area. 5. A pure somatosensory discrimination of the shapes of objects, without any concomitant voluntary movements, also leaves the supplementary motor areas silent. 6. We conclude that the primary motor area and the part of the motor system it projects to by itself can control ongoing simple ballistic movements with the self-same body part. A sequence of different isolated finger movements requires programming in the supplementary motor areas. We suggest that the supplementary motor areas are programming areas for motor subroutines and that these areas form a queue of time-ordered motor commands before voluntary movement are executed by way of the primary motor area. PMID- 7351548 TI - Different cortical areas in man in organization of voluntary movements in extrapersonal space. AB - 1. This paper reports regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements in 254 cortical regions with 133Xe injected into the internal carotid artery in 19 patients, none of whom had any major neurological defect. The purpose was to demonstrate the pattern of cortical activity, as revealed by rCBF increases, during two types of unilateral voluntary movement in extrapersonal space: a) the maze test, series of fast isolated movements in various directions in a frame, executed under verbal command; and b) the drawing of a spiral in the air. 2. Both types of movements were associated with increases of rCBF in the supplementary motor area (bilaterally), the convexity part of the premotor area (bilaterally), the primary sensorimotor hand and arm area (contralaterally), and in the superior and inferior parietal region (bilaterally). 3. During the maze test there were, in addition, bilateral focal increases of the blood flow in the auditory areas, the inferior frontal regions, and the frontal eye fields. 4. It is concluded that the supplementary motor areas, which are also active during programming and execution of movement sequences in intrapersonal space (33), elaborate programs for motor subroutines necessary in skilled voluntary motion. The convexity parts of the premotor areas are activated when a new motor program is established or a previously learned motor program is modulated. The primary motor area is the exclusive executive locus for voluntary movements of the hand and arm. 5. Voluntary movements in extrapersonal space only are associated with activation of the parietal regions. These areas are assumed to provide information to the motor programming neurons about the demanded direction of motion in extrapersonal space in relation to proprioceptive reference systems. 6. The increase of rCBF in the auditory areas, the inferior frontal regions, and the frontal eye fields during the maze test were ascribed to the processing of auditory information. 7. Both tests are accompanied by a diffuse increase of the hemispheric blood flow (approximately 10%), which is assumed to be a parallel to the commonly known desynchronization of the EEG during mental work. PMID- 7351549 TI - Competition for survival among developing ciliary ganglion cells. AB - 1. Functionally different subgroups, each innervating a different part of the peripheral target, were defined within the ciliary population of the avian ciliary ganglion by electrical stimulation of the various ciliary nerve branches. 2. Although neurons innervating defined parts of the peripheral target consistently sent their axons through certain nerves, the technique of retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) transport showed that the ganglion cell bodies were not spatially grouped but distributed throughout the ganglion, both before and after the period of naturally occurring cell death. However, such neurons tended to be clustered into groups of two or greater. 3. Ciliary and choroid populations, however, were found to be for the most spatially separate and recognizable by location and soma size before the period of cell death. Choroid cells did not project out the ciliary nerves even prior to the cell death period, confirming previous observations of selective axon outgrowth in the two populations. 4. Competition for survival was demonstrated within the ciliary population by experimentally removing approximately two-thirds of the neurons by axotomy-induced cell death at stage 32-34 just prior to the normal cell death period. This reduction in the number of competing neurons resulted in rescue of approximately 40% of the neurons that would have died, as assessed both by the number of axon profiles in the remaining intact nerve branch, as well as the number of somata that could be retrogradely labeled from this nerve. 5. It was concluded that many of the neurons that are normally removed during the cell death period are not destined to die, but can be rescued by reducing the number of neurons competing for a limited supply of some aspect of the peripheral target. Further, the postulated interaction with the target was shown to occur relatively late, just prior to the onset of cell death. 6. At the time of the peripheral interaction, the target was found to consist primarily of myoepithelial cells, which had migrated into the target region following the arrival of the ciliary axons. The target per se, therefore, cannot be involved in the selective growth of ciliary axons to the appropriate region. Well-defined synapses were rare, although many axonal endings were observed in close contact with both myoepithelial cells and the sparser differentiated muscle fibers, which increased to account for 60% of the target by the end of the cell death period. 7. Competition was also found to retard the rate of neuronal maturation because intact axons in the partially axotomized ganglion developed more rapidly than control axons, as assessed by axon diameter, conduction velocity, and degree of glial ensheathment. 8. Finally, at least some of the neurons in the partially axotomized ganglion expanded to innervate the peripheral territory of the axotomized branches, suggesting that competition between neurons is involved in the establishment of the observed peripheral innervation pattern. PMID- 7351550 TI - Responses of lumbosacral spinal units to mechanical stimuli related to analysis of lordosis reflex in female rats. AB - 1. To analyze further the sensory mechanisms for triggering the lordosis reflex, single-unit (n = 345) activity was recorded extracellularly from spinal segments L5-S1 of urethan-anesthetized female rats. Unit responses to pressure on the skin (necessary and sufficient for evoking lordosis) and other mechanical stimuli were studied. 2. Units were classified according to their responses to the battery of mechanical stimuli: 16% of the units responded only to pressure. The majority of these pressure-responsive units were excited, while a few were inhibited or responded differently, depending on the site stimulated; 52% did not respond to pressure, but responded to brushing, muscle-joint, and/or visceral stimulation, or did not respond at all. The remaining 32% responded to pressure plus other forms of stimulation. 3. Units responding only to the movement of individual types of hair tended to be located in the dorsal horn, more dorsal than units responding only to pressure (found primarily in the intermediate gray). Units responding to subdermal stimulation were usually found at greater depths. Segmental and somatotopic distributions of spinal units observed were very similar to those reported for cat (3) and monkey (5). 4. Compared to primary sensory units (28), spinal units had higher resting firing rates, more complicated responses to a given stimulus, a wider variety of unit types, and much larger receptive fields. These comparisons tend to indicate convergence of primary sensory neurons onto individual spinal units. 5. The range of pressure thresholds of pressure-responsive units is comparable to the range effective for triggering lordosis. We postulate that excitation of units responding only to pressure is centrally involved in triggering the lordosis reflex. Those units not responding to pressure are probably irrelevant for this behavior. Presently undetermined are the roles of units with complex or mixed-response types. PMID- 7351551 TI - Responses of Purkinje cells of cerebellar vermis to sinusoidal rotation of neck. AB - 1. The response of Purkinje (P) cells located in the vermal cortex of the cerebellar anterior lobe to sinusoidal rotation of the neck was investigated in precollicular decerebrate cats. The head of the animal was fixed in a sterotaxic frame while the spinous process of the second cervical vertebra was held by a clamp rigidly fixed to the tilting table. It was then possible to elicit a selective neck input by rotating the neck and the body simultaneously along the longitudinal axis of the animal while maintaining the head in horizontal position. 2. Among the 95 P-cells tested for neck stimulation, 35 units showed a mossy fiber (MF) or a climbing fiber (CF) response to sinusoidal rotation of the axis vertebra at the frequency of 0.026 Hz and at the peak amplitude of displacement of 5--10 degrees. The response consisted in a periodic modulation of the discharge frequency during sinusoidal rotation of the neck. Most of these units were excited during side-down rotation of the neck, but were inhibited during side-up rotation. 3. The threshold amplitude of neck rotation responsible for the MF-induced responses varied in different units from 1 to 3 degrees at the frequency of 0.026 Hz. The sensitivity of the units, expressed in percentage change of the average firing rate per degree of displacement, either did not change or very slightly decreased as a result of increasing amplitude of stimulation from 1--3 degrees to 10--15 degrees at the frequency of 0.026 Hz or by increasing frequency of neck rotation from 0.015 to 0.15 Hz at the amplitude of neck displacement of 5--10 degrees. 4. Changes in amplitude or frequency of stimulation at the parameters reported above did not greatly modify the phase of the unit responses relative to the side-down position of the neck. These findings indicate that the MF and CF responses of P-cells to sinusoidal rotation of the neck depended on changes in neck position and not on changes in velocity of neck rotation. 5. The observation that the majority of responding P-cells located in the vermal cortex of the cerebellar anterior lobe increased their firing rate during side-down rotation of the neck is discussed in relation to the results of stimulation and lesion experiments, indicating that postural changes can be elicited either during asymmetric stimulation of neck receptors or by unilateral interruption of the neck afferents. PMID- 7351552 TI - Response to sudden torques about ankle in man. II. Postmyotatic reactions. AB - 1. Torques were applied to dorsiflex or plantarflex the ankle joint of normal human subjects who were instructed to react to them in various ways. Myoelectric and mechanical responses were recorded and analyzed. 2. Myoelectric responses in triceps surae or tibialis anterior with times of onset between 100 and 200 ms are conditional on the instruction to the subject and not the direction of the applied torque. These responses are termed postmyotatic responses. 3. The latency of the postmyotatic response is the same in both triceps surae and tibialis anterior. It is not dependent on the direction of the applied torque and consequently is not a "stretch reflex," but a triggered reaction. 4. When the subject is sitting relaxed and instructed to resist the applied torque, the magnitude of the postmyotatic response is highly and linearly correlated with the rate of ankle rotation produced by the disturbing torque. 5. Tonic contraction of the muscles prior to the onset of a stretching torque has only a slight effect on the magnitude of the postmyotatic response and usually reduces it. Prior tonic contraction of the antagonist also has a modest effect in reducing the response. 6. Instructing the subject to resist a torque as quickly and strongly as possible increases the magnitude of the postmyotatic response but has little effect on its linear functional relationship to the magnitude of the mechanical stimulus. 7. The postmyotatic response, although voluntary and kinesthetically triggered, is not completely equivalent to a visually triggered voluntary reaction because under experimental situations designed to measure simple reaction times and choice reaction times of the postmyotatic response, no significant difference is found between the two conditions. 8. It is suggested that the peripheral afferent pathways of the stretch reflex play a dual role in determining postmyotatic responses. First, they provide to supraspinal centers one early proprioceptive signal about limb perturbation that can trigger a previously selected mode of response. Second, they modulate that response by convergence, at the segmental level, of peripheral afferent signals with the descending command signals. PMID- 7351553 TI - Cerebral vasospasm following aneurysm rupture. A protocol for therapy and prophylaxis. AB - A retrospective study was made of 195 patients who had ruptured intracranial aneurysms without significant intracerebral hematomas and who recovered to at least Grade III by Hunt and Hess' classification. The first 121 patients underwent aneurysm surgery 10 days to 2 weeks after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) without repeat preoperative angiography and without special attention to volume replacement or avoidance of hypotension. Vasospasm resulted in cerebral ischemia in 15% of this group, more than half of these postoperatively, and was treated successfully in half the patients with a combination of aminophylline and isoproterenol. The later 74 patients were managed with aggressive maintenance of normal circulating blood volume and preoperative angiography at 2 weeks following SAH. If significant vasospasm persisted on angiography, surgery was delayed an additional week and, if spasm was still present then, aminophylline and isoproterenol was added prophylactically to aggressive volume replacement before surgery. In this second group of patients, the incidence of clinical vasospasm was essentially unchanged; however, it was almost completely limited to the preoperative period, and was more effectively treated with aminophylline and isoproterenol. Postoperative vasospasm was almost completely eliminated from the second group of patients. PMID- 7351554 TI - Dual cerebral and meningeal supply to giant arteriovenous malformations of the posterior cerebral hemisphere. AB - Seven cases of giant posterior hemisphere arteriovenous malformations are described. The significance of meningeal feeding vessels from the external carotid artery in addition to the primary cerebral supply through the internal carotid and vertebral arteries to these malformations is discussed. The necessity of bilateral selective external carotid arteriography is stressed, and the value of preoperative embolization is questioned. PMID- 7351555 TI - Anterior communicating artery aneurysms with associated anomalies. AB - In 296 cases with a single aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA), fenestration or the presence of more than two ACoA's was observed in 17 cases (5.7%), and abnormal vessels of ACoA origin, such as a median artery of the corpus callosum, were observed in 13 cases (4.4%). As more than one anomaly was found in some of these cases, anomalies of the ACoA were found in total of 26 cases (8.8%). This occurrence rate was no higher than that observed in other cerebral aneurysm cases and in the control cases, which were reported previously. There was no significant increase of hypoplasia of the A1 portion if the ACoA aneurysm was complicated by other arterial anomalies. PMID- 7351556 TI - Microsurgical anatomy of the choroidal arteries: lateral and third ventricles. PMID- 7351557 TI - Experimental brain injury in the dog. The pharmacological effects of pentobarbital and sodium nitroprusside. PMID- 7351558 TI - Studies of experimental cervical spinal cord transection. Part IV: Effects of cervical spinal cord transection on myocardial blood flow in anesthetized dogs. PMID- 7351560 TI - Translabyrinthine and transtentorial removal of acoustic nerve tumors. Results in 150 cases. AB - The translabyrinthine route or an extension of it was used to remove 150 acoustic nerve tumors. The mortality was 2% and the morbidity low. Preservation of the facial nerve was achieved in 100% of the small and 80% of the medium-sized tumors, but in only 20% of the large growths. The complications encountered are discussed. PMID- 7351559 TI - Edema and circulatory disturbance in the spinal cord compressed by epidural neoplasms in rabbits. AB - An experimental model of spinal cord compression by epidural neoplasms was produced in rabbits by injecting a VX2 tumor-cell suspension anterior to the T-13 vertebral body. With this experimental model, edema and circulatory disturbance of the spinal cord compressed by epidural tumors were studied. The characteristic histopathological findings in the compressed spinal cord were edema and axonal swelling in the white matter. Water content and uptake of intravenously injected 99mTc pertechnetate in the compressed spinal cord were significantly greater than in the spinal cord distant from the tumor, and increased in proportion to the degree of neurological loss. Microangiography and fluorescein angiography demonstrated stenosis or obstruction of the epidural venous plexus and impairment of venous drainage in the compressed spinal cord at the early stage of neurological symptoms. It is suggested that venous stasis and subsequent vasogenic edema in the spinal cord play an important role in the symptomatology of metastatic epidural spinal cord compression. PMID- 7351561 TI - Nonoperative treatment of brain abscesses in selected high-risk patients. PMID- 7351562 TI - Implications of very high serum prolactin levels associated with pituitary tumors. AB - Five patients with pituitary tumors associated with unusually high serum prolactin levels are presented. Tumor size and the presence of suprasellar extension were variable, but the finding common to all five cases was invasion of the cavernous sinus. It is proposed that very high serum prolactin levels suggest an invasive tumor, perhaphs, specifically, invasion into a cavernous sinus. The surgical significance of this proposition is discussed. PMID- 7351563 TI - Levels of astroprotein (an astrocyte-specific cerebroprotein) in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with brain tumors. An attempt at immunochemical diagnosis of gliomas. AB - Levels of astroprotein (an astrocyte-specific protein found in the cerebrum) were measured by radioimmunoassay in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 120 patients with intracranial diseases and eight control subjects. The astroprotein level was elevated (above 25 ng/ml) in 13 of 30 cases (43.3%) of glial tumors, nine of 57 cases (15.8%) of nongliomatous intracranial tumors, seven of 33 cases (21.2%) of non-neoplastic intracranial diseases, but in none of the eight control cases. In glioblastoma patients, CSF astroprotein was elevated in eight of 12 cases (66.7%), in three of them to a remarkable degree (above 500 ng/ml). The possible role of this test is briefly discussed, and the mechanism of increase of the astroprotein levels in the CSF considered. PMID- 7351564 TI - Intracranial lipoma. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. AB - Eleven cases of intracranial lipoma, diagnosed during life by computerized tomography (CT) scanning, are presented. Clinical symptoms related to the lesions were present in eight. The CT scan established the diagnosis of intracranial lipoma on the basis of typical x-ray absorption and location. Only dermoid cysts and teratomas may produce a similar CT appearance. In cases of intracranial lipoma, a direct surgical approach is seldom necessary, although in certain locations, lipomas may cause blockage of cerebrospinal fluid pathways and require a shunt operation. PMID- 7351565 TI - Third ventricular choroid plexus arteriovenous malformation simulating a colloid cyst. Case report. AB - A case of a cystic encapsulated arteriovenous malformation arising from the tela choroidea of the third ventricle is reported. Although the appearance of this lesion on computerized tomography scan suggested a colloid cyst by its location, it was atypical because of the non-homogeneity both before and after contrast infusion. The increased density on the unenhanced scan was due to hemosiderin pigment in the capsule wall caused by old hemorrhage. The diagnosis in this case was made by histological examination. PMID- 7351566 TI - Malignant choroid plexus papilloma with extraneural metastasis. Case report. AB - The authors describe and discuss a case of malignant choroid plexus papilloma originating in the lateral ventricle of an 11-month-old child. Unusual features include a long survival time of 9 years and the presence of an extraneural malignant deposit, probably metastatic in origin. PMID- 7351567 TI - Intracranial subdural hematoma following lumbar myelography. Case report. AB - Persistent headaches after lumbar puncture or myelography can be due to intracranial hematoma. This possibility should be evaluated by computerized tomography, keeping in mind the difficulty in the diagnosis of the isodense subdural hematoma. PMID- 7351568 TI - Cystic cerebral cavernous angioma with dense calcification. Case report. AB - A case of cavernous angioma in the right temporoparieto-occipital area is reported. The unusually large area of calcification and cystic formation presented problems in preoperative diagnosis. The tumor was treated successfully by subtotal excision. PMID- 7351569 TI - Intermittent appearance of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm on sequential angiograms. Case report. AB - The change in size of a ruptured anterior cerebral artery aneurysm was recorded in a series of angiograms. The aneurysm did not appear on the initial angiogram, but was seen on the second study. Incomplete filling was seen on the third angiogram, and the aneurysm appeared to have thrombosed on the fourth angiogram. On the fifth angiogram, done 5 weeks after the first, the aneurysm filled completely. It was subsequently clipped. PMID- 7351570 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation following cranial trauma. Case report. AB - Cranial and spinal trauma resulted in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in a 78-year-old man, causing widespread bleeding and incoagulable blood. Traumatized brain tissue was found in the lumina of dural venous sinuses. The mechanisms of DIC are reviewed. It is suggested that intravascular release of potent cerebral thromboplastin contributed to the severity of DIC in this patient, by causing activation of the extrinsic clotting system. Intrasinus brain tissue in cases of human trauma has not previously been reported. PMID- 7351571 TI - Mucormycosis presenting as positional nystagmus and hydrocephalus. Case report. AB - A case of mucormycosis presenting with signs of positional nystagmus and obstructive hydrocephalus is described. The authors believe that this presentation of Mucor is unique. PMID- 7351572 TI - Symptomatic cerebral histoplasmoma. Case report. AB - A 53-year-old man, with a past history of a thoracotomy 7 years previously, developed seizures. A computerized tomography scan with contrast medium revealed a peripheral ring-like lesion in the anterolateral part of the right parietal lobe. Pathological evaluation of the resected lesion demonstrated it to be a histoplasmoma. Although rare, a histoplasmoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a ring-shaped lesion in a patient with previous pulmonary disease. PMID- 7351573 TI - Fifth ventricle with bitemporal hemianopsia. Case report. AB - Symptomatic cysts of the septum pellucidum (fifth ventricle) are rare, and they are not usually considered among the causes of chiasmal compression. This report describes a case with a noncommunicating cyst of the septum pellucidum that presented with signs of chiasmal compression. PMID- 7351574 TI - A modified drill guide for the anterior cervical fusion (Cloward) procedure. Technical note. AB - A modified drill guide for use in the anterior cervical fusion procedure is described. This device permits an inspection of the interbody hole during the drilling process, and incorporates the additional mechanical improvements of replacement fixation points and locking rings of different diameter. These modifications have been found to simplify and improve control over the drilling component of this surgical procedure. PMID- 7351575 TI - The foundation of excellence is knowledge: the role of self-assessment programs in continuing education. PMID- 7351576 TI - Stenosis and cervical myelopathy. PMID- 7351577 TI - Caloric intake and expenditure of obese boys. AB - Caloric intake and expenditure of children in four families were assessed by nonparticipant observations of family dinners and school lunches. In each family there were one obese boy and one nonobese brother whose ages were within two years of each other. For family dinners the nonobese brother served as a control; for school lunches, a nonobese peer served as a control. The obese boys consumed more calories (766 +/- 290) than did their nonobese brothers at dinner (504 +/- 183) and far more (907 +/- 217) than their nonobese peers at lunch (500 +/- 386). The obese boys also ate faster (65.7 +/- 37.0 kcal/minute) than their brothers at dinner (31.7 +/- 13.8 kcal/minute) and far faster (103.5 +/- 40.9 kcal/minute) than their nonobese peers at lunch (46.2 +/- 22.5 kcal/minute). Time-sampled activity assessments showed the obese boys far less active than their controls inside the home, slightly less active outside the home, and equally active at school. When these activity values were converted into energy expenditure by measurement of oxygen consumption, obese boys expended more calories in moving than did their controls; as a result, there was no difference in energy expenditure between obese and nonobese boys at home and greater energy expenditure outside the home and at school. Increased intake, thus, and not decreased caloric output maintained the obesity of these four boys. In this respect, obesity in childhood may differ from obesity in adult life. PMID- 7351578 TI - Surgery in children with gastroesophageal reflux and respiratory symptoms. AB - We reviewed our seven-year experience in 63 children with an operation to control gastroesophageal reflux and respiratory symptoms. The age at operation, sex, major associated disorders, and control of vomiting in this group of children were compared with another group of 72 children without respiratory symptoms who also had an antireflux operation during the same period. Associated central nervous system, pharyngeal, or esophageal disorders were common in both groups. Vomiting was controlled in 96% of patients. Fifty-six of 61 (92%) children had at least partial relief of respiratory symptoms postoperatively. The complete relief of these symptoms was more likely in patients without major associated disorders (97% vs 59% P = 0.0009). Central nervous system disorders were present in most children with incomplete resolution of respiratory symptoms. It appears that a significant number of affected infants and children may have respiratory difficulties unrelated to the presence of GER. PMID- 7351579 TI - Fever in young children with sickle cell disease. AB - Bacterial septicemia and meningitis are major causes of death in young children with sickle cell anemia. We report a prospective study of 182 episodes of fever among 22 children with sickle cell diseases identified at birth. The majority of patients with fever exceeding 39.5 degrees C were treated with antibiotics intravenously until results of blood cultures were known. Infectious diseases were documented in 38% of all febrile events. Six episodes of bacterial septicemia, two associated with meningitis, were successfully treated with no mortality or residual morbidity. These data form the basis of suggestions for management of the young child with sickle cell disease and fever. PMID- 7351580 TI - Efficacy of transfusion therapy for one to two years in patients with sickle cell disease and cerebrovascular accidents. AB - Since 1974 we have entered 12 children with sickle cell disease and strokes on a transfusion protocol to maintain hemoglobin S less than 20%. Serial arteriography, EEGs, brain or CT scans, and neuropsychologic testing were also obtained. Transfusion has been stopped in ten patients after one to two years. Seven of these ten patients have had second strokes five weeks to 11 months after cessation of transfusion (median three months). Arteriography was normal at the time of the initial stroke in two patients; one of these had a second stroke. Arteriograms did not improve during transfusion therapy. EEGs and brain and CT scans were occasionally useful at the time of the initial stroke but were of little value in following these patients. Neuropsychologic testing indicated severe impairment of sensory-motor and cognitive processes at the time of the initial stroke and was useful in following improvement or deterioration and in designing remedial education programs. We conclude that short-term transfusion therapy will not prevent second strokes once transfusion is stopped and that arteriography is of limited value in these patients. PMID- 7351581 TI - Abnormalities of platelet aggregation in sickle cell disease. AB - In vitro platelet aggregation responses to epinephrine and ADP were significantly lower in patients with sickle cell disease when compared to age- and sex-matched normal subjects. Platelet aggregation responses were reduced in all patients regardless of clinical status. Measurement of circulating platelet aggregates showed normal values in patients with sickle cell disease in steady state or with infection alone, but a significant increase in others with acute vaso-occlusive crises. Recovery from vaso-occlusion was associated with a decline in circulating platelet aggregates. This study suggests that in vivo platelet activation may result in "tired" platelets which are refractory to epinephrine and ADP stimulation in vitro. PMID- 7351582 TI - Depressed serum somatomedin activity in beta-thalassemia. AB - We have found bioassayable somatomedin activity to be subnormal in 20 of 32 children and adults with beta-thalassemia. The levels were comparable to values reported in growth hormone-deficient subjects. Since patients with thalassemia are not growth hormone deficient, the data suggest the possibility of defective hepatic biosynthesis of somatomedin. Increased iron stores in these patients, who have secondary hemosiderosis of many organs, including the liver, may depress somatomedin activity. Therapy for one year with daily subcutaneous infusions of the iron-chelating agent deferoxamine had no effect on mean bioassayable serum somatomedin activity. PMID- 7351583 TI - Hiccups in infants: characteristics and effects on ventilation. AB - Twenty-seven polygraphic recordings of respiration were obtained on 20 infants, providing data on the frequency, distinguishing features, and medical significance of hiccupping episodes. Eight hiccupping episodes were recorded in seven subjects. The mean duration of the spells was 8.4 +/- 4.2 (SD) minutes. Unintubated subjects, not selected because they were hiccupping, hiccupped 2.5% of the time that they were monitored. Each hiccup was a brief, powerful inspiratory muscle contraction. In unintubated subjects, hiccups were marked by upper airway obstruction, whereas in intubated patients, hiccups were unobstructed inspirations. In unintubated subjects, hiccups were associated with an increase in obstructed eupneic breaths and with decreases in respiratory frequency and minute ventilation; in three subjects hiccups precipitated episodes of mixed apnea. In intubated patients, hiccupping spells were characterized by hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis. Two types of ECG artifacts were seen with hiccups: high-frequency spikes, mimicking abnormal QRS complexes, and low frequency waves. From these studies, it appears that hiccups occur frequently in young infants and may affect breathing in clinically significant ways. PMID- 7351584 TI - The Aicardi syndrome versus congenital infection: diagnostic considerations. AB - The Aicardi syndrome consists of agenesis of the corpus callosum, infantile spasms, a characteristic lacunar chorioretinopathy, mental subnormality, and costovertebral anomalies. All patients have been female. Its clinical similarity to several congenital intrauterine infections, particularly toxoplasmosis, is reinforced by the erroneous diagnosis of congenital infection initially made in the two patients reported here. Reasons for this confusion are outlined, and methods for a clinical differentiation between the Aicardi syndrome and the congenital infections are discussed. PMID- 7351585 TI - One milk for all-not ever likely and certainly not yet. PMID- 7351586 TI - New perspectives on iron supplementation of milk. PMID- 7351587 TI - Commentary: sickle cell anemia, stroke, and transfusion. PMID- 7351588 TI - Rickets in very low-birth-weight infants. PMID- 7351589 TI - Nutritional copper deficiency in a Japanese infant on formula. PMID- 7351590 TI - Glycemic response to glucagon during fasting hypoglycemia: an aid in the diagnosis of hyperinsulinism. PMID- 7351591 TI - Humoral components of host defense in sickle cell disease during painful crisis and asymptomatic periods. PMID- 7351592 TI - Antibody responses to polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine in infants with sickle cell anemia. PMID- 7351594 TI - Bedside pulmonary artery catheterization in pediatrics. PMID- 7351593 TI - Nontuberculous mycobacterial endobronchitis in children. PMID- 7351595 TI - Comparative study of stool examinations, duodenal aspiration, and pediatric Entero-Test for giardiasis in children. PMID- 7351596 TI - MSUD: presentation with pseudotumor cerebri and CT abnormalities. PMID- 7351597 TI - Immersion accidents involving pails of water in the home. PMID- 7351599 TI - Aicardi syndrome in a male infant. PMID- 7351598 TI - The effect of phototherapy on amino acid solutions containing multivitamins. PMID- 7351600 TI - Factor VIII procoagulant activity in iron deficiency anemia. PMID- 7351601 TI - Ischemic papillary muscle necrosis in stressed newborn infants. AB - The recent association of transient tricuspid insufficiency in newborn infants with ischemic papillary muscle necrosis prompted a detailed retrospective clinical and histologic analysis of autopsied infants who died within seven days of birth between 1973 and 1977. Infants with congenital heart disease, erythroblastosis fetalis, and known congenital viral infections were excluded. Thirty-one of 82 infants had at least one site of ischemic myocardial necrosis: 11 had lesions only in the right ventricle, 13 had lesions only in the left ventricle, and seven had bilateral lesions. The apical region of an anterior papillary muscle was the most common site. IMN occurred more commonly in older, larger infants. Asphyxia at birth, a murmur of atrioventricular valve insufficiency, and signs of congestive heart failure correlated well with the presence of IMN, but few other perinatal events predicted its occurrence. This report suggests that IMN is a common event in stressed infants who die early in life and probably is related to episodic hypoperfusion of the myocardium. PMID- 7351602 TI - Amniotic fluid fluorescence polarization value as a predictor of respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in amniotic fluid lipid aggregates was measured to determine the ability of this technique to prospectively predict respiratory distress syndrome. Prior retrospective studies have shown that an FP value of less than or equal to 0.336 correlated best with a lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio of greater than 2.0. Fluorescence polarization values of amniotic fluid samples obtained within 48 hours of birth from 161 pregnancies were correlated with neonatal outcome. Samples from 149 pregnancies had FP values of less than or equal to 0.336 and samples from 12 pregnancies had FP values of greater than or equal to 0.336. No infants delivered from the former group developed RDS and eight of 12 infants from the latter group developed RDS (P less than 0.001). In the entire population the test had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97%. When 37 infants with birth weights less than 2,500 gm were studied, the FP value remained a highly reliable predictor of the infant at risk for developing RDS (P less than 0.001). In this subset the test had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 90%. L-S ratios were performed on 96 samples and the results correlated well with FP values (P less than 0.001). We conclude that the amniotic fluid FP value is a reliable index of fetal lung maturity and the risk for developing RDS. The FP value also has specific technical and diagnostic advantages over the L-S ratio. PMID- 7351603 TI - Neonatal hypermagnesemia: effect on parathyroid hormone and calcium homeostasis. AB - Twenty pre-eclamptic mothers treated with MgSO4 and their newborn infants were studied prospectively to determine the clinical and biochemical effects of hypermagnesemia. Maternal serum magnesium concentration rose to 4.4 mg/dl at delivery and was accompanied by a fall in maternal serum calcium concentration during labor. Neonatal serum Mg concentration remained elevated for the first 72 hours of life (mean at 72 hours = 3.0 mg/dl). Serum Mg concentration was higher in premature infants and in babies with birth asphyxia and/or hypotonia. Serum Ca concentration was higher and serum PTH was lower in hypermagnesemic study infants when compared to a retrospectively selected, matched froup of control infants. We speculate that elevated serum Mg values in these infants result in a shift of Ca from bone to plasma, and that elevated Mg and Ca concentrations further suppress neonatal parathyroid function. PMID- 7351605 TI - Long-term low-dose prostaglandin E1 administration. PMID- 7351604 TI - Plasma catecholamine concentrations in infants at birth and during the first 48 hours of life. AB - A radioenzymatic assay was used to measure plasma concentrations of the catecholamines, norepinephrine, and epinephrine in the perinatal period. Samples were obtained at birth from the umbilical artery and vein of infants born by vaginal and by cesarean section delivery; from peripheral venous samples of normal infants during the first 48 hours of life; and from peripheral venous samples of mothers prior to delivery. Concentrations of NE and E were elevated in umbilical samples, with umbilical artery levels exceeding umbilical venous concentrations. Umbilical plasma CAT concentrations were similar in vaginal and cesarean section delivered infants. Plasma concentrations of NE consistently predominated over E in all samples from neonates. Plasma CAT concentrations rapidly fell from cord levels within 15 minutes of delivery and remained at a lower plateau during the first three hours of life. By 12 hours of age plasma CAT concentrations fell to the levels of supine adult resting concentrations. Maternal plasma CAT concentration prior to delivery demonstrated a predominance of E over NE. These elevations of plasma CAT in the early neonatal period may play a rola in nonshivering heat production as well as in cardiovascular alterations associated with birth. PMID- 7351606 TI - Use of bethanechol for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. AB - A double-blind crossover study utilizing bethanechol was performed among 45 pediatric-aged patients with gastroesophageal reflux. Thirty young children (age = less than 1 year) were studied. These infants did significantly better while taking bethanecol than when they were receiving placebo. Fifteen children (age greater than 1 year) were also studied. These patients also had significant clinical improvement while on the drug when compared to the period when they were receiving placebo. Esophageal pH probe testing after the oral administration of bethanecol showed a significant decrease in frequency and duration of episodes of gastroesophageal reflux. This improvement may be secondary to the increases in lower esophageal sphincter pressure and persistaltic activity seen during esophageal manometrics. Bethanechol should be considered for pediatric-aged patients who are not benefited by conventional medical therapeutic regimens. PMID- 7351607 TI - Two-compartment gentamicin pharmacokinetics in premature neonates: a comparison to adults with decreased glomerular filtration rates. AB - Eleven premature neonates received gentamicin sulfate for treatment of suspected gram-negative sepsis with accompanying respiratory distress syndrome. Serum gentamicin concentrations were measured during and after treatment to monitor therapy and to determine the two-compartment distribution and elimination characteristics of the drug. The measured pharmacolinetic parameters were compared to those of 14 adult patients with similar glomerular filtration rates. Neonates, like adults and children, had a prolonged persistence of gentamicin in the serum after treatment was stopped. Although there were marked differences between neonates and adults in administered dose, clearance, and distribution volume when the data were expressed on the basis of body weight, these differences were no longer apparent when the data were expressed relative to body surface area. Differences in gentamicin disposition cannot explain the apparent lack of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity among premature neonates. PMID- 7351608 TI - Determining gentamicin dosage in infants and children with renal failure. AB - Gentamicin half-life values based on pharmacologic calculations were determined in 23 infants and children with diminished renal function. The half-life times correlated significantly with serum creatinine concentrations in patients who had steady-state creatinine levels (Y = 0.379 + 3.841 X, R = 0.951, P less than 0.001). This relationship provides a basis for formulating gentamicin dosage in pediatric patients with renal failure. The half-life of gentamicin is estimated by multiplying the serum creatinine concentration by four; three-quarters of the loading dose is administered every two half-lives. When renal function is unstable and changing daily, gentamicin half-life cannot be reliably predicted from the serum creatinine value. PMID- 7351609 TI - Cefazolin in children with renal insufficiency. AB - Cefazolin (7 mg/kg) were administered to 11 children with renal insufficiency and to ten children on hemodialysis. The serum half-life of the drug was progressively prolonged as glomerular filtration rate fell. The serum half-life of cefazolin was variably prolonged in those children on hemodialysis, but their serum levels of cefaxolin had dropped by 35 to 65% during dialysis. Most had no measurable level prior to the next dialysis. Dosage recommendations are made for both groups of patients. PMID- 7351610 TI - Cefaclor and cefadroxil: a commentary on their properties and possible indications for use in pediatrics. PMID- 7351611 TI - Campylobacter infections in human beings. PMID- 7351612 TI - Choanal atresia with achondroplasia. PMID- 7351613 TI - Diagnosis of Caroli disease. PMID- 7351614 TI - Episodic arthritis in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7351615 TI - Effects of swimming on diabetes insipidus treated with DDAVP. PMID- 7351616 TI - Staging of secondary sex characteristics. PMID- 7351617 TI - The metabolism of 1-n-butyl-5,5-diethylbarbituric acid (N-n-butyl barbital) in the rat. II. Distribution of the drug and its metabolites in various tissues in vivo and in the isolated perfused liver system. PMID- 7351618 TI - The pulmonary clara cell as a target for toxic chemicals requiring metabolic activation; studies with carbon tetrachloride. AB - Oral administration of carbon tetrachloride to rats or mice caused striking decreases in rat lung microsomal cytochrome P-450 and benzphetamine demethylase activity and in the enzyme-mediated covalent binding of 4-ipomeanol in preparations of rat and mouse lung microsomes, mouse lung slices and isolated whole-mouse lungs. Although it is not yet known whether cytochrome P-450 and benzphetamine demethylase activities are present in substantial amounts in more than one lung cell type in mice or rats, previous studies have indicated that cytochrome P-450 enzymes located in pulmonary bronchiolar Clara cells of these mediate the covalent binding of 4-ipomeanol to lung macromolecules. Histologic examinations of lungs of animals given doses of CCl4, orally or by inhalation, revealed striking morphologic changes in Clara cells, including severe dilation of endoplasmic reticulum and occasional cellular necrosis. Because of cytochrome P-450 enzymes are capable of mediating the formation of highly reactive and potentially toxic-free radicals from CCl4, the present results support the view that pulmonary Clara cells are susceptible to CCl4-induced injury due to their capacity to metabolically activate the chemical. PMID- 7351619 TI - Localization and quantitation of lithium in rat tissue following intraperitoneal injections of lithium chloride. II. Brain. AB - The distribution of lithium in the rat brain following chronic i.p. injections of lithium chloride has been determined by a radiographic dielectric track registration technique. The study indicated significant differences in lithium distribution in various areas of the brain. Consistently high levels were observed in the neocortex and putamen, and low concentrations in the cerebellum and white matter structures such as the corpus callosum and basis pedunculi. Intermediate levels were found in the thalamus, hypothalamus, septal nuclei, dentate gyrus, hippocampus and substantia grisea centralis. PMID- 7351620 TI - Acute and chronic effects of barbiturates on depolarization-induced calcium influx into synaptosomes from rat brain regions. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250--300 g) were randomly divided into three experimental groups: control, acute (received a single dose of 60 mg/kg of phenobarbital i.p.) and tolerant (received dietary phenobarbital, 2.5 mg/kg of milled Purina Lab Chow, for 13 days). Cerebral cortex (CT), cerebellum (CB), brain stem (BS), striatum (ST), hypothalamus (HT), and mid-brain (MB) were isolated, and the inhibitory effects of barbiturates on KCl-induced 45Ca++ influx into synaptosomes from each of these brain regions isolated from each experimental group were examined. KCl-induced 45Ca++ influx into CT, CB and BS synaptosomes from control animals was significantly depressed (39, 73 and 77% respectively) by an in vitro pentobarbital (0.3 mM) challenge. No significant depression of 45Ca++ influx was produced by pentobarbital in control synaptosomes isolated from ST, HT or MB. KCl-induced 45Ca++ influx into synaptosomes from tolerant rats was not significantly depressed by the in vitro pentobarbital challenge in any brain area. The results suggest that 45Ca++ influx into synaptosomes from CT, CB and BS is more susceptible than ST, HT and MB to inhibition by barbiturates. In addition, chronic administration of phenobarbital resulted in the adaptation of CT, CB and BS synaptosomes to the inhibitory effects of in vitro pentobarbital. This adaptation occurred in the same time frame as did the development of behavioral tolerance. PMID- 7351621 TI - The benzodiazepine receptor: its development and its modulation by gamma aminobutyric acid. PMID- 7351622 TI - Evaluation of pulmonary mechanics in guinea pigs during respiratory anaphylaxis. AB - Guinea pigs sensitized to ovalbumin exhibit signs of respiratory impairment when exposed to an aerosol of the antigen. This response was investigated in anesthetized guinea pigs by determining forced pulmonary mechanics to derive peak expiratory flow rate, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 0.1 sec, maximal mid-expiratory flow rate and respiratory rate. Measurement of these parameters allows qualitative comparisons to be made with changes that are routinely determined during investigations of human asthma. Exposure of anesthetized guinea pigs to a 3% ovalbumin aerosol for 2 min produced an increase in respiratory rate, a 20% fall in peak expiratory flow rate and maximal mid expiratory flow rate, a 50% fall in forced vital capacity and a 40% fall in forced expiratory volume in 0.1 sec. This response was reversed by aminophylline. In these respects the response appears to be similar to the acute asthmatic response in humans. PMID- 7351623 TI - Direct effects of ethanol on myocardial performance and coronary resistance. AB - Ethanol has been infused into an isolated heart-lung type preparation in which the "isotonically" contracting left ventricle pumps blood and does work at a lower than normal value while afterload is maintained constant. The isotonic contraction permits observation of the influence of a drug or other agent on the coronary vasculature independent of the compressive effects of the musculature. Infusions of ethanol to concentrations of approximately 210 mg/100 ml over a 30- to 60-min period resulted in significant increases in coronary blood flow, decreases in coronary vascular resistance and depression of myocardial performance. Cardiac work increased concomitantly with the increase in coronary blood flow and cardiac output without significant alterations in tension-time index and oxygen consumption. A second group of animals received a smaller amount of ethanol over a 5-min period, accompanied by injection of 86Rb and 125I for nutritional flow measurements and of radioactive microspheres for flow distribution. Extraction increased slightly after alcohol but flow distribution was not significantly altered. Small concentrations of ethanol are concluded to have a direct vasodilating effect on the coronary vasculature. PMID- 7351624 TI - Cellular pharmacokinetics of lipophilic diaminopyrimidine antifolates. PMID- 7351625 TI - The effect of misonidazole on some physiologic parameters in mice. AB - The physiologic effects of misonidazole (Ro-07-0582) were studied in BALB/cKa mice injected i.p. at 0.5 to 1.5 mg/g b.wt. A 2--4 degree C reduction of body core temperature was observed in unanesthetized mice: the duration and degree of effect were dependent on dose. Normal core temperatures were restored when the serum level of misonidazole had fallen to 0.5 microM (100 micrograms/ml). Misonidazole (1 mg/g) produced a rapid postinjectional drop of heart rate (40%), respiration (45%) and body core (4 degrees C) temperatures which gradually returned to preinjection values 6 to 8 hr later. In addition, misonidazole administration (1 mg/g) enhanced the overall effect on body temperature induced by hexobarbital anesthesia by a factor of approximately 3. These results are discussed in relation to the use of mouse model tumor systems to give an estimate of the magnitude of the cytotoxic effect of misonidazole expected in humans. PMID- 7351627 TI - Possible mechanisms of reduction of plasma luteinizing hormone by ethanol. PMID- 7351628 TI - Effects of drugs on behavior in pigeons tolerant to delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol. AB - Schedule-controlled behavior was used to study how drug effects on behavior are modified by the development of tolerance to delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9 THC). Dose-effect curves were determined for pentobarbital, d-amphetamine and morphine on responding maintained by a multiple fixed-ratio fixed-interval schedule of food presentation in pigeons. The dose-effect curves were redetermined in combination with single injections of 1.0 mg/kg dose of delta 9 THC (which itself did not affect rates of responding) in birds made tolerant to delta 9-THC by multiple injections, and in combination with the 1.0 mg/kg delta 9 THC in birds tolerant to delta 9-THC. Acute doses of 1.0 mg/kg delta 9-THC potentiated the rate-decreasing effects of all three drugs. Pigeons tolerant to delta 9-THC were cross-tolerant to pentobarbital but not to d-amphetamine and morphine. Tolerance to delta 9-THC attenuated the potentiation of the effects of all three drugs by delta 9-THC. Determination of plasma pentobarbital levels in pigeons tolerant to delta 9-THC suggested that a drug dispositional mechanism played a role in the cross-tolerance from delta 9-THC to pentobarbital. PMID- 7351626 TI - Mechanism of the antihypertensive action of clonidine on the pressor response to physostigmine. AB - Physostigmine (P) was used as a model in anesthetized rats for the development of hypertension by a central cholinergic mechanism. P (25-100 micrograms/kg i.v.) produced a dose-related increase in mean arterial pressure which was inhibited 30 to 90% by preinjection of clonidine (100 micrograms/kg i.v.). This dose of clonidine was without effect on the pressor response to ganglionic stimulation produced by 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpipera-zinium iodine. To examine further the central inhibitory effect of clonidine on the pressor response to P, regional brain acetylcholine turnover rate was measured in control and clonidine pretreated rats. Clonidine significantly reduced turnover in hypothalamus (69%), pons-medulla (43%) and midbrain (39%) but not in striatum or hippocampus. These observations are consistent with an inhibitory effect of clonidine on central cholinergic neurons involved in cardiovascular regulation. PMID- 7351629 TI - Clearance of 5-hydroxytryptamine by rat lung and liver: the importance of relative perfusion and intrinsic clearance. AB - Since it is replete with degradative enzymes, the liver is commonly viewed as the organ primarily responsible for clearing circulating substances which are eliminated by metabolism. However, the enzyme content of an organ is not the only determinant of clearance. The relative tissue perfusion, a determinant of substrate delivery, is also an important factor. On the basis of enzyme content, clearance of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) by rat liver would be predicted to be greater than that by rat lung, since liver contains more than 10 times as much monoamine oxidase. However, pulmonary blood flow and, hence, substrate delivery is greater than that of liver. To examine the effect of tissue perfusion, the clearance of [14C]5-HT was studied in isolated, perfused rat lung and liver at several flows. The clearance of 5-HT was found to increase, while the extraction ratio decreased, with increasing flow in both organs. At normal (i.e., in vivo) organ flows, hepatic 5-HT clearance was only one-third of that observed in lung. The pulmonary 5-HT extraction ratio was greater than 0.90 at low flows, but was only 0.43 at normal flow. Attempts to predict the clearance of 5-HT from monoamine oxidase enzyme kinetic parameters determined in organ homogenates were successful for liver, but underestimated the observed pulmonary clearance. These results suggest that, despite its relative deficiency in degradative enzyme, the rat lung plays a major role in the total body clearance of circulating 5-HT. PMID- 7351630 TI - Dependence of the chronotropic effects of calcium, magnesium and sodium on temperature and cycle length in isolated rabbit atria. AB - Ca (1.1--5.5 mM) acts positive chronotropic on isolated right atria of the rabbit at 38 degrees C. At 34 degrees C, the chronotropic effect was also positive but smaller than at 38 degrees C. At 30 degrees C, the chronotropic effect is variable. Negative and positive chronotrpic effects were observed. At all three temperatures, the magnitude of the effect depended on the cycle length. Mg (0.6- 6.0 mM) has a negative chronotropic effect. This effect was not dependent on the cycle length. The relationship between prolongation of the cycle length and the Mg concentration turned out to be linear. The chronotropic effects of Ca and Mg were simply algebraically additive. On the average, Na (77.4--154.8 mM) has no significant chronotropic effect. However, it acts positive chronotropic on fast preparations, although it acts negative chronotropic on slow preparations. So the chronotropic effect of Na depends on the cycle length also. PMID- 7351631 TI - Diuretic and uricosuric activity of 6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-5-(2 thienylcarbonyl)benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid and stereoisomers in chimpanzee, dog and rat. AB - The racemate and the d-isomer of 6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-5-(2 thienylcarbonyl)benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid exhibited diuretic activity in the chimpanzee, dog and rat. In the chimpanzee, the diuresis and natriuresis presumably resulted from a site of action in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. The l-isomer was uricosuric but devoid of any diuretic action in the chimpanzee and similarly was not diuretic in the dog and rat. Various proportions of the two isomers were tested in the chimpanzee in an attempt to produce an optimal diuretic and uricosuric profile. It was concluded that the racemic mixture, under these experimental conditions, was responsible for the most effective overall response. This is apparently the first time in which there is a distinct separation of diuretic and uricosuric actions in the enantiomers of a racemic diuretic uricosuric agent. PMID- 7351632 TI - The effects of ketamine enantiomers on schedule-controlled behavior in the rat. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to barpress under a FL-300 sec schedule of food presentation until responding patterns were stable. The effects of the ketamine optical isomers (enantioners) on this schedule-controlled behavior were examined over a dose range of 3.75 to 60 mg/kg i.p. At doses of 15 mg/kg and above, (-)-ketamine increased rate of responding, with a maximum increase of about 3 times control rate. This effect was rate-dependent, being more marked at lower control rates. In contrast (+)-ketamine did not increase overall fixed interval response rate at any dose, but decreased rate of responding in a rate dependent fashion at doses of 30 mg/kg and above. Spontaneous locomotor activity was increased about equally by equimolar doses of both enantiomers. PMID- 7351633 TI - Neonatal feminization of hepatic mono-oxygenase in adult male rats: altered sexual dimorphic response to cadmium. PMID- 7351634 TI - Blockade by antiglucocorticoids, actinomycin D and cycloheximide of anti inflammatory action of dexamethasone against bradykinin. PMID- 7351635 TI - Effect of salicylates and phenobarbital on hepatic glutathione in the rat. AB - Phenobarbital and salicylates were shown to have opposite effects on hepatic glutathione. Phenobarbital increased glutathione concentration by approximately 20 to 30%. This increase occurred within 48 hr and could be attributed almost exclusively to an increase in bound glutathione. No changes in ATP, substrate amino acids for glutathione synthesis or the level of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate limiting enzymatic step in glutathione synthesis, were found with phenobarbital. Phenobarbital, which induces hepatic proteins that bind glutathione, increased bound glutathione but did not affect unbound glutathione. Therefore, the concentration of the latter probably regulates glutathione synthesis. Salicylates (aspirin and sodium salicylate) were found to deplete hepatic glutathione in both saline- and phenobarbital-treated rats. Maximum depletion (approximately 40%) was seen 4 to 6 hr after salicylate administration and returned toward the control level by 12 hr. The salicylate effect was not related to a change in gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase or the concentrations of free hepatic glycine, glutamate, cysteine and methionine. An increase in concentration of glutathione both in vivo in plasma from salicylate-treated rats and in vitro in buffer from the incubation of liver slices with salicylate suggests that glutathione leakage from hepatocytes is an important factor in salicylate-induced hepatic glutathione depletion. PMID- 7351636 TI - Calcium dependence of norepinephrine-induced vascular contraction in experimental diabetes. AB - The purpose of the study was to examine changes in the contractile responses to norepinephrine of aortas obtained from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and to determine the effects of changes in extracellular calcium (Ca++) concentrations on those contractile responses. Aortic rings from rats diabetic 14 to 20 days were supersensitive to norepinephrine in 0.20, 0.40 and 0.80 mM Ca++, but not in 2.50 mM Ca++. Aortas from rats diabetic 28 to 35 days showed a marked increase in contractile force to norepinephrine in 0.20, 0.40, 0.80 and 2.50 mM Ca++. The contractile force was significantly greater in the 28 to 35 day diabetic group as compared to the 14 to 20 day diabetic group. When the Ca++ concentration was changed from 2.50 mM to 0.20 and 0.40 mM, the aortas from the 28 to 35 days diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in developed tension. These data indicate that vascular reactivity is altered in experimental diabetes, and this alteration is related to the duration of the diabetic state and to the extracellular Ca++ concentration. PMID- 7351637 TI - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and serotonin uptake inhibitors: differential effects on [3H]serotonin binding sites in rat brain. AB - Rats were administered either monoamine oxidase inhibitors or serotonin uptake inhibitors for either 1, 4 or 16 days. The binding of [3H]serotonin to brain homogenates and the concentration of serotonin in brain was measured at these times. Treatment with inhibitors of serotonin uptake did not change the specific binding of [3H]serotonin in either cerebral cortex or hippocampus, nor did it produce any consistent alterations in the concentration of serotonin in the cerebral cortex. In contrast, monoamine oxidase inhibitors capable of inhibiting A-type monoamine oxidase significantly decreased [3H]serotonin binding after both 4 and 16 days of treatment; serotonin concentrations were significantly elevated at all time intervals. Inhibitors of B-type monoamine oxidase had no effect on either [3H]serotonin binding or serotonin concentrations in cerebral cortex. The reduction in labeled serotonin binding caused by monoamine oxidase inhibitors is due to a decrease in the maximum number of specific binding sites with no change in the affinity of the binding sites for labeled serotonin. PMID- 7351638 TI - Serum protein binding of drugs during and after pregnancy in rats. AB - The serum protein binding of salicylic acid (SA), sulfisoxazole (SUL), phenytoin (P), dexamethasone (D), diazepam (DI) and bilirubin (B) was determined in Long Evans rats during pregnancy and after parturition. Serum free fraction (f) values were obtained by equilibrium dialysis (drugs) and by a reaction rate method (B). Concurrent control experiments were carried out on nonpregnant animals. Values of f were not significantly different from controls during the first 10 to 15 days of pregnancy. Pronounced increases in f of SA, SUL, P and D were observed on the 20th and 21st day of pregnancy; the f of DI was increased only on the 21st day and the f of B was not significantly changed at any time. The f values for SA, SUL and P returned almost to control levels 2 days after parturition (D, DI and B were not studied at that time). Additional studies with SUL, P and D on the 20th day of pregnancy showed that the increase in f occurred over a wide concentration range. Total serum protein and albumin concentrations were significantly decreased only on the 21st day of pregnancy. Pretreatment with activated charcoal decreased f of SA, SUL, P and D (the other compounds were not studied) in serum of 20-day pregnant (but not control) animals. The decreased protein binding of drugs in serum of pregnant rats appears to be due, at least in part, to accumulation of endogenous displacing agents. PMID- 7351639 TI - Increased tryptophan hydroxylase activity may compensate for decreased brain tryptophan levels in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. PMID- 7351641 TI - Effects of cocaine and morphine on concurrent schedule-controlled performances. PMID- 7351640 TI - Effect of ethanol pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics of nicotine in rats. AB - The pharmacokinetics of nicotine was compared in male Fischer-344 rats pretreated with an ethanol or a sucrose solution for 12.5 days. The animals received either ethanol at doses of 4 g/kg/day for 7 days followed by 8 g/kg/day for 5.5 days or daily doses of an isocaloric-isovolumetric sucrose solution for 12.5 days by gastric intubation. On the fourteenth day, a 0.4 mg/kg dose of [methyl 14C]nicotine was injected i.v. to both groups, and blood samples were collected at timed intervals for 30 hr. Nicotinine and its metabolites in plasma were separated by thin-layer chromatography and quantitated by liquid scintillation counting. The plasma levels of total radioactivity, nicotine, cotinine and other polar metabolites were significantly lower in the ethanol as compared to the sucrose-treated rats. Ethanol pretreatment produced no changes in the hybrid rate constants describing the biphasic decline of plasma nicotine concentration but its apparent volume of distribution and total plasma clearance were increased by 45% (P less than .05) suggesting that ethanol may alter the distribution of nicotine. The apparent volume of distribution of cotinine and its rate of production also were significantly increased indicating an ethanol-related induction of this major metabolite of nicotine. PMID- 7351642 TI - Interaction of a DDT analog with the sodium channel of lobster axon. PMID- 7351643 TI - Regional blood flow and cardiac responses to hydralazine. PMID- 7351644 TI - Renal clearance of salicylic acid and salicyluric acid in the rat and in the isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - The renal clearance of salicylate (SA) and salicyluric acid (SU) was studied after i.v. bolus injection of 5 mg/kg of SA to ureter cannulated rats and after administration of 1 to 20 mg of SA or 2.5 to 10 mg of SU to the isolated perfused rat kidney. Previous studies in this laboratory have shown that SA and SU are metabolically interconverted in the isolated perfused rat kidney. The renal clearance of SU was greater than the glomerular filtration rate after either SA or SU administration. SA renal clearance was much less than the glomerular filtration rate when SA was administered but was greater than the glomerular filtration rate when it was formed from SU. The data support the hypothesis that administered SA is cleared differently than SA formed from SU in the isolated perfused rat kidney, presumably due to rate-limiting diffusion of SA into the cell. PMID- 7351645 TI - Ouabain increases left atrial stretch receptor discharge in the dog. PMID- 7351646 TI - The relationship between serum gastrin, gastric ulceration and basal acid output in the polyarthritic rat. AB - The relation between the incidence of gastric ulceration, basal acid output and serum gastrin concentration was studied in the pyloric-ligated normal rat and the rat with established adjuvant disease (polyarthritis). Although there was no significant difference in either gastric secretions or basal acid output, serum gastrin was significantly higher in the adjuvant rat than in the normal rat, independent of the nutritional state of the animal. The incidence of the gastric lesions was eight times greater in adjuvant rats compared to controls in a 6-hour pyloric-ligation period. When the period of pyloric ligation was increased from 6 to 17 hr, there was 91% increase in gastric lesions in polyarthritic rats. Histopathology of the lesions in the polyarthritic rat showed diffuse and focal submucosal edema with polymorphonuclear inflammatory cell infiltration in the submucosa of the fundic and antral areas of the stomach. The increased susceptibility of the polyarthritic rat to gastric ulceration could be related to a combination of experimental stress and hypergastrinemia. Since similar elevations in serum gastrin have been reported in the rheumatoid arthritis in man, it is herein proposed that the polyarthritic rat could be used as a screening model for the evaluation of the ulcerogenicity potential of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 7351647 TI - Radiohistochemical localization of benzodiazepine receptors in rat brain. AB - The benzodiazepine receptor was localized in rat brain with light microscopic autoradiographic methods. The binding of [3H]flunitrazepam to slide-mounted tissue sections had all of the characteristics associated with the benzodiazepine receptor. It was saturable, or a high affinity, affected by chloride ion and gamma-aminobutyric acid and showed an appropriate pharmacology. Autoradiograms were generated by the apposition of emulsion-coated coverslips. Receptor distribution showed striking variation throughout the brain and spinal cord. Some areas showing high densities include the cerebral cortex, the molecular layer of the cerebellum, parts of the limbic system, olfactory bulb and hypothalamus and substantiae gelatinosae of the spinal trigeminal nucleus and spinal cord. White matter areas showed negligible levels of receptor. These localizations show which parts of the brain are affected by benzodiazepine administration and contribute to our understanding of the mechanism of the well-known properties of the drugs such as their anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects. PMID- 7351648 TI - Accumulation of anionic pesticides by rabbit choroid plexus in vitro. AB - In this study, two questions were addressed: 1) were anionic pesticides accumulated by choroid plexus via the organic acid transport system and 2) did such accumulation impair transport of anionic neurotransmitter metabolites normally eliminated from brain via this system? Rabbit lateral choroid plexi were incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer in vitro with the herbicide, 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, or the polar DDT metabolite, 2,2-bis (p chlorophenyl)acetic acid (DDA). Both compounds were extensively accumulated. At a pesticide concentration of 1 microM, tissue-to-medium ratios of 40 (DDA) to 50 (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) were found after 60-min incubation at 37 degrees C. Uptake of both compounds was energy- and concentration-dependent and could be inhibited by other organic anions. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and DDA each produced dose-dependent inhibition of the uptake of the other pesticide. DDA was the more potent inhibitor. Thus, uptake of both compounds appeared to be mediated by the organic acid transport system. Furthermore, transport of the serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxy-3-indole-acetic acid was more effectively inhibited by these pesticides than by the classical inhibitor, probenecid. Neither the parent amine, serotonin, nor the uncharged pesticides. DDT and dieldrin, inhibited 5 hydroxy-3-indole-acetic acid uptake. Thus, the effect appears specific for those compounds which share the organic anion transport system. PMID- 7351649 TI - Promotion of wound repair in mice by application of glucan. PMID- 7351650 TI - The metabolic response of human phagocytic cells to killed mumps particles. PMID- 7351651 TI - The uptake of beryllium by the alveolar macrophage. PMID- 7351652 TI - Alteration of microtubule function in glutathione peroxidase-deficient polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 7351653 TI - Phagocytosis and the metabolic sequelae of infection. PMID- 7351654 TI - On preparing academic health centers for the very different 1980s. PMID- 7351655 TI - The teaching of occupational health in American medical schools. AB - A questionnaire survey of the 112 U.S. medical schools was conducted to determine the content and format of occupational health teaching during the 1977--78 academic year. In only 46 (50 percent) of the 92 responding institutions was occupational health specifically taught; and only 28 (30 percent) required it in their curricula, usually in the preclinical years. Among these 28, the median required curriculum time was four hours. Thirty-five (38 percent) of the responding schools offered a variety of elective courses or clerkships, mainly in the clinical years and taken by few students. Given the extent of work-related medical problems in the United States and the frequency with which almost all physicians see patients with work-related problems, much more of the core curriculum of medical schools should be devoted to occupational health. PMID- 7351656 TI - A model for statement of privileges of medical students within the AHEC systems. AB - A combination of factors has resulted in medical students being placed in hospitals not accustomed to their presence. These factors include expansion of the number of medical students in United States schools, an increasing emphasis on primary care education, and the strengthening of medical education programs in hospitals and area health education centers (AHEC) not previously utilized as medical education facilities. The introduction of the students has caused some confusion in these hospitals which may contribute to less than optimal medical education. Some of the confusion is attributable to the lack of a clearly defined role for the medical student and the lack of delineation of the responsibility of other personnel in providing and permitting student access to the system. Presented here is a model of privileges and responsibilities which has been introduced in an AHEC with positive effects on the quality of medical education and improvement of interdisciplinary relations. PMID- 7351657 TI - Biometrics in the medical school curriculum: making the necessary relevant. AB - Biometrics has been perceived by freshman medical students as a necessary but not immediately relevant part of their medical training. Because a student is more likely to learn and retain course content if he feels it is relevant, an attempt was made to change the students' perception of the biometrics course by introducing statistical methods as a means of solving some problems in the interpretation of clinical laboratory data. Retrospective analysis of student course evaluations over the last five years indicates that a significant change in student perception of the relevance of the course did occur. PMID- 7351658 TI - Feedback from patients as a means of teaching nontechnological aspects of medical care. AB - Despite an increased awareness of the importance of behavioral, psychological, and social aspects of medical care, physicians frequently fail to recognize problems in these areas. Therefore, a project was undertaken to improve house officers' recognition of these problems in an ambulatory population. An interviewer used a structured questionnaire to assess the patients' adherence to the therapeutic regimen, satisfaction with physician, psychiatric problems, recent stressful life events, and attitude toward illness. Recognition of medication noncompliance, psychiatric problems, and recent stressful life events was determined from a physician questionnaire and chart review for every patient interviewed. At the first clinic seesion after the interview, the author reviewed both the patient and physician questionnaires with the appropriate physician. The interviews identified a large number of potentially important problems which the patients' physicians had not recognized. While no change in problem recognition could be documented between the questionnaires administered at the beginning and end of the project, the vast majority of participating house officers felt that the project was worthwhile and should be continued. PMID- 7351660 TI - Experiences with learning about death and dying in the undergraduate anatomy curriculum. AB - Discussions about death, dying, and dissection during the first-year curriculum were initiated at the University of Massachusetts Medical School to deal with personal questions and emotions evoked by cadaver dissection. This report describes the evoluation of these discussions, their timing with respect to dissection, the present content of these sessions, and the importance of follow up. Student response has been positive. PMID- 7351659 TI - Clinical experience of medical students in North Carolina family medicine preceptorships. AB - The clinical experience of 29 medical students from 14 medical schools, while they were taking elective preceptorships with 15 North Carolina family physicians, is compared with clinical experience in a university medical center in the same state and in practices from the neighboring state of Virginia. A total of 6,641 problem contacts, averaging 229 per student, were reported over a three-year period. Certain problems were recorded with higher frequency in the preceptorships than in the medical center, for example, acute infections, lacerations, prenatal care, obesity, and hypertension. These findings support the importance of preceptorships in supplementing the clinical experience of university medical centers, and the close similarity of these North Carolina data to those from Virginia suggests the usefulness of this type of information for planning medical school and residency curricula. PMID- 7351661 TI - Community of origin of spouse and physician location in two Southwestern states. PMID- 7351662 TI - After hours call: an aspect to primary care education. PMID- 7351663 TI - An approach for defining selection criteria of applicants for medical residency training. PMID- 7351664 TI - The family in family medicine research. PMID- 7351665 TI - Demonstration of a technique for describing the content of medical attending rounds. PMID- 7351666 TI - A system for the evaluation of medical students' clinical competence. PMID- 7351667 TI - The philosophy of an institutional review board for the protection of human subjects. PMID- 7351668 TI - The clinical behavioral sciences program: postprofessional education in mental health. PMID- 7351669 TI - On the use of animals in scientific research. PMID- 7351670 TI - Applicants for 1978--79 first-year medical school class. PMID- 7351671 TI - Internal medicine. PMID- 7351672 TI - Child abuse in Jackson, Mississippi. PMID- 7351673 TI - Radiologic seminar CXCVIII: Ultrasonography of the gallbladder. PMID- 7351674 TI - Trauma--a controllable disease in the 1980's (Fourth Annual Stone Lecture, American Trauma Society). PMID- 7351675 TI - Treatment of trochanteric fractures with Ender rods. AB - The technical aspects of Ender's method in the treatment of trochanteric fractures are described. Problems and complications encountered with this method and their prevention and treatment are discussed. Intraoperative and postoperative problems are subdivided into those in the hip area and around the knee joint, such as: varus deformity, protrusion of the rod medially or laterally or into the hip joint, cracking the distal femur, incorrectly placing the window on the anteromedial side of the femoral condyle, backing out of the rods, and supracondylar fractures. PMID- 7351676 TI - The family meeting in critical care settings. AB - A routine, carefully planned meeting with families of patients in a trauma unit or critical care setting can improve coping and enhance patient care. Even though staffs in intensive care units realize that families may profoundly influence a patient's psychologic state, or may themselves be severely stressed, few units systematically address the needs of families in crisis. Common needs of families of acutely injured patients are the need to be with the patient, to learn about his condition, to feel useful, to express feeling about the situation, and to obtain emotional support. Besides addressing these needs, a family meeting can reduce family turmoil, help dispel family-staff conflict, and provide a format for educating staff about psychologic responses to life-threatening illness. The experience with eight patients in an ICU is described, and guidelines given for family meetings. Factors assuring a successful family meeting include careful attention to leadership, timing, communication, and clear priorities. PMID- 7351677 TI - Differential serum protein changes following supplemental albumin resuscitation for hypovolemic shock. AB - The effects of supplemental albumin infusion on serum protein homeostasis were studied in 94 seriously injured patients who received an average of 14.4 transfusion, 9.2 L electrolyte solution, and 829 ml fresh frozen plasma before and during operation. Based on randomization, 46 patients received an average of 31 gm albumin during operation followed by 150 gm/day for 5 days; 48 patients received no albumin. Supplemental albumin caused a significant (p = less than 0.05) increase in total serum protein and albumin concentrations. In contrast, supplemental albumin caused a significant decrease in alpha 1 globulin, alpha 2 globulin, beta globulin, gamma globulin, and fibrinogen levels. The prothrombin time used as index of prothrombin concentration was significantly prolonged in albumin patients. These changes, not previously documented, need further evaluation to determine clinical significance. PMID- 7351678 TI - Red cell sodium and potassium in hemorrhagic shock measured by lithium substitution analysis. AB - A new method of measuring intracellular Na and K using Li substitution analysis was applied to a study of red cell Na changes in hemorrhagic shock. Using a rat hemorrhagic shock model, significant changes in red cell Na were found after 2 hours. Red cell Na in shocked animals was significantly higher than in control animals (p less than 0.025). A small decrease in red cell K occurred. There was no intracellular shift of Li. In addition, a fall in plasma Na and a rise in plasma K occurred with progressive shock. In a 2-hour period following retransfusion there was no significant change in cell Na or K, but the plasma Na and K returned toward preshock levels. These results confirm a prolonged and significant impairment of red cell membrane function in shock and suggest that impaired Na-K pump function may be responsible for the changes. PMID- 7351679 TI - Diagnosis of acute abdominal injuries in patients with spinal shock: value of diagnostic peritoneal lavage. AB - Loss of sensory, motor, and reflex function during spinal shock obscures the usual signs of significant blunt abdominal trauma. In a retrospective study of ten acutely quadriplegic patients, initial physical findings, vital signs, and hematocrit determinations were not found to be helpful in detecting intra abdominal injury. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage was an accurate indicator of the presence or absence of significant intraperitoneal hemorrhage in all ten cases in this series. PMID- 7351680 TI - Blunt cardiac trauma: the effect of alcohol on survival and metabolic function. AB - Cardiac mitochondria showed significant uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation after rats were given intraperitoneal alcohol. The rate of oxygen utilization in the absence of ADP was increased while there was no significant change in oxygen utilization in the presence of ADP. These in vivo results were confirmed with in vitro experiments. Also, intraperitoneal alcohol increased the mortality of blunt cardiac trauma. The alterations in cardiac energy metabolism demonstrated may explain the increased mortality in alcohol-pretreated animals subjected to cardiac contusion. PMID- 7351681 TI - Utilization of diagnostic radiologic examinations in the emergency department of a teaching hospital. AB - A study to document the utilization by house officers of the Diagnostic Radiologic Examination (DRE) in trauma patients was carried out over 2 years at Stanford University Medical Center. Physicians recorded the likelihood of a fracture being present for patients requiring DRE's to evaluate traumatic injuries. The physician's opinion and the radiologist's final interpretation of the DRE were compared for 24 anatomic regions. Preliminary findings reveal: for almost half the DRE's the officer indicated that the reason for the DRE was medicolegal; 7% of the medicolegal cases had fractures present; less than 4% of these fractures was important enough to change the medical treatment. The levels of house officer experience are suggested as possible causes of excessive DRE utilization, as well as the influence of defensive medicine. Using Green and Swets' Theory of Signal Detection, it is possible to mathematically describe an accuracy index, and a "fear" index for each physician. We plan to use this model in analysis of the study data. PMID- 7351682 TI - Surgical treatment of the difficult humeral neck fracture: acromial shortening anterolateral approach. AB - A surgical approach to the shoulder joint for the difficult humeral neck fracture is described with illustration of a case. Resection of a middle portion of the acromial process in addition to the detachment of the anterior origin of the deltoid using an anterolateral approach is presented. This provides an unrestricted exposure to the shoulder joint and eliminates the possible complications arising from acromionectomy. PMID- 7351683 TI - Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in adults. AB - Supracondylar fractures of the adult humerus are uncommon and present a difficult management problem. In this series of 50 patients better results were obtained by conservative rather than surgical management. In this series poor results were all related to inability to obtain rigid fixation at operation and resultant prolonged immobilization. Initial radiographic assessment is difficult and the shape of the distal humerus makes internal fixation a technical challenge. Except for simple fractures, conservative management is the recommended treatment. PMID- 7351684 TI - A comparison of leukocyte function and burn mortality. AB - Of the several tests which measure leukocyte bactericidal competency only one, chemotaxis, has been reported to reflect both leukocyte dysfunction and patient mortality in major thermal injury. To validate the reliability that chemotaxis reflects mortality functional chemotactic index (FCI) was measured in leukocytes from 33 patients with 30% or greater total body surface area burns. Additionally, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction and O2 consumption were compared to FCI. Significant decreases were seen in FCI values compared to normals. No differences, however, were seen in FCI values between surviving and nonsurviving patients. NBT reduction and O2 consumption also showed decreases with a significant difference between the mean decrease in surviving and nonsurviving patients. While the data show all these laboratory tests to be reflective of significant impairments in host defense, they do not appear to be reliable as predictive indices of patient survival and therefore should not be interpreted as such. PMID- 7351686 TI - Tracheoplasty for tracheal stenosis in the pediatric burned patient. AB - Until recently, the only therapy available for a tracheal stricture has been repeated dilations of the stenotic area or resection and anastomosis. Upper airway burns in the pediatric patient have occasionally resulted in tracheal stenosis. Two children with a long tracheal stenosis secondary to inhalation injury have been successfully treated surgically. A costal cartilage graft has been used in these two children in the management of a long tracheal stenosis. Both have an adequate airway, and future surgical correction of a subglottic stenosis is planned for both. The results, although initially successful, will need to be tested by time before they can be considered the definitive treatment for long areas of tracheal stenosis. PMID- 7351685 TI - Carbon monoxide poisoning in fire victims: a reappraisal of prognosis. AB - In victims of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, metabolic acidosis has been considered a clinical finding of ominous prognostic importance. In previous studies, such patients either died or suffered serious neurologic sequelae, resulting in the recommendation by some authors that these patients require more complicated therapy, including hyperbaric oxygen and hypothermia. This report documents the full neurologic recovery of three patients with severe metabolic acidosis and CO poisoning. Our experience indicates that acidosis may not be as important a prognostic factor as previously thought, and that randomized prospective trials are needed in such patients before more complicated therapy becomes accepted medical practice. PMID- 7351689 TI - Posterior displacement of brachial artery following closed elbow dislocation. PMID- 7351687 TI - Gunshot wounds of the pregnant uterus: report of two cases. AB - Two patients with gunshot wounds of the pregnant uterus are reported. Both were explored and delivered of stillborn infants by Cesarean section. Neither patient sustained a significant visceral injury. Expectant management with close observation is appropriate in pregnant when the entrance wound is below the level of the uterine fundus, the infant is dead, and the bullet is radiographically shown to be in the uterus. PMID- 7351688 TI - Rupture of the cervical trachea following blunt trauma. PMID- 7351690 TI - Horizontal intra-articular dislocations of the patella: case report and literature review. AB - This case report describes a horizontal intra-articular dislocation of the right patella in a 57-year-old male. This is an extremely rare injury. Our case is unusual in that previous authors have described this injury as exclusive to adolescents. A mechanism has been suggested for the causation of this injury. Our case does not seem to conform to the mechanism described, in that the patient's knee was locked in extension, not flexion, at the time of injury. PMID- 7351691 TI - Formation of junctions in regenerating hydra: septate junctions. PMID- 7351692 TI - Modification of the configurational states of mitochondria of the choroid plexus ependyma in vivo. PMID- 7351693 TI - Ultrastructural studies of hamster tracheal epithelium in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7351695 TI - A cortical scaffold in the ciliate Tetrahymena. PMID- 7351694 TI - Morphological changes of tight junctions in the rat liver after chronic administration of N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM) as revealed by freeze-fracturing. PMID- 7351696 TI - Aortorenal bypass with autogenous renal artery for coexisting renal carcinoma and renal artery stenosis. AB - A case of renal artery stenosis and a large contralateral renal carcinoma is reported. After radical nephrectomy of the tumor-bearing kidney revascularization of the solitary remaining kidney was performed with an aortorenal bypass graft of autogenous renal artery. When renal artery stenosis coexists with contralateral intrinsic renal disease preservation of functioning renal parenchyma is an important goal of therapy. PMID- 7351697 TI - Renal artery aneurysm: a complication of Gianturco coil embolization of renal adenocarcinoma. AB - A complication of Gianturco coil infarction of a massive renal carcinoma with caval obstruction is presented. The immediate response was excellent but at 4 months the patient became hypertensive and potassium-depleted. A large aneurysm of the renal artery had developed at the site of the coils, necessitating nephrectomy. PMID- 7351698 TI - Neonatal bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction. AB - The incidence of bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction appears to be higher in patients less than 1 year old. The aggressive surgical reconstruction of bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction in 3 neonates resulted in good renal function, even in an apparently dismal clinical setting. PMID- 7351699 TI - Inverted papilloma of the ureteropelvic junction. PMID- 7351700 TI - A method of management of the blind-ending duplex ureter. AB - Three cases of reflux and a blind-ending duplication of the ureter are presented. Management was by ureteroneocystostomy. This procedure is recommended as an alternative to the arduous excision of the accessory ureter. PMID- 7351701 TI - Primary carcinoma of the ureteral stump: a case report and a review of the literature. AB - A case is reported of primary carcinoma of the ureteral stump with metastases following nephrectomy for benign disease. The occurrence of disseminated tumor at the time of diagnosis is uncommon, having been reported in only 3 previous cases. The autopsy findings are discussed and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 7351702 TI - Unusual complications of ileal conduit urinary diversion in a child: a case of conduit-cecal fistula. PMID- 7351703 TI - Urologic manifestations of chronic granulomatous disease of infancy. AB - Chronic granulomatous disease of infancy is a rare hereditary disease that may have urologic manifestations. We describe 2 brothers who had intense cystitis and typical x-ray findings characteristic of this disease. The etiology, incidence and treatment of chronic granulomatous disease of infancy are discussed. PMID- 7351705 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the appendix penetrating the bladder. AB - We report a case of a mucous papillary tumor in the bladder. Initial treatment was transurethral resection but open partial bladder resection became necessary. Operation revealed an appendix tumor penetrating the bladder. Histologically, it was primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix. PMID- 7351706 TI - Lipogranulomatosis of the genitalia caused by topical application of "baby oil". AB - A case is reported of lipogranulomatosis of the genitalia caused by topical application of "baby oil". To our knowledge this is the first such case reported in the English literature. The chemical nature of the lipid in question was analyzed by sophisticated procedures, including gas liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography and mass spectrometry. After the etiologic agent was defined retrospective questioning of the patient confirmed the diagnosis. PMID- 7351704 TI - Adriamycin enhancement of cyclophosphamide-induced bladder injury. AB - Hemorrhagic cystitis as a complication of cancer chemotherapy has been most commonly associated with cyclophosphamide. We report on a patient who had received cyclophosphamide for treatment of breast carcinoma and had hemorrhagic cystitis temporally associated with subsequent adriamycin therapy. The development of subclinical bladder injury induced by cyclophosphamide and enhanced by adriamycin similar to their combined toxicities at other sites (skin, esophagus and heart) is postulated. PMID- 7351707 TI - Epidermoid cyst of the testes. AB - Malignant tumors of the testis are the leading cause of cancer death in men between 25 and 34 years old. Benign tumors of the testis are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all testicular tumors. We report 2 cases of epidermoid cysts of the testis and review the literature. PMID- 7351710 TI - Extended pelvic lymphadenectomy for prostatic cancer. PMID- 7351711 TI - Proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with reflux nephropathy. PMID- 7351708 TI - Hemangioendothelioma of the testis: second reported case. PMID- 7351712 TI - Severe prostatic calcification after radiation therapy for cancer. PMID- 7351713 TI - Urogenital aspects of actinomycosis. PMID- 7351709 TI - Prostatic adenocarcinoma, sarcoidosis and hypercalcemia: an unusual association. AB - A case is reported of hypercalcemia, prostatic adenocarcinoma and sarcoidosis. This represents the second reported occurrence of sarcoidosis and prostatic carcinoma, and illustrates the intriguing association between systemic sarcoidosis and malignancy. The reported experience demonstrating the association between sarcoidosis and malignant disease is reviewed. PMID- 7351714 TI - Reassessment of circle tube nephrostomy in advanced pelvic malignancy. AB - The dilemma created for and presented to the urologist by the combination of a patient with increasing uremia from advanced pelvic malignancy and a referring physician frustrated by the situation is solved best by individual decisions appropriate for each case. Urinary diversion should be reserved for the occasional circumstance when reasonable life expectancy approaches 6 months or more. Drainage by circle tube nephrostomy provides minimal trouble for patient and physician, while providing excellent relief from the obstructive uropathy. In this series of 20 patients the average survival was 5.3 months. An attempt to assess the quality of life after diversion by circle tube nephrostomy is made. PMID- 7351715 TI - Prediction of bladder tumor invasion with the mixed cell agglutination test. AB - The mixed cell agglutination test was used to investigate 30 patients with initially superficial (stage 0 to A) transitional cell bladder tumors who had been followed a minimum of 5 years, until cystectomy or until death in an effort to select those patients who would suffer invasive disease. All tumor-bearing tissue was coded and studied without knowledge of the blood type or clinical status of the patient. Of the 15 patients with a negative mixed cell agglutination test 9 (60%) suffered invasive disease. None of the patients with a positive mixed cell agglutination test had invasive disease. The ultimate outcome then was predicted correctly in 24 of 30 patients (80%) (p less than 0.001). When the mixed cell agglutination test is positive it is associated with a good prognosis, while the majority of patients with a negative test are destined to suffer invasive disease. PMID- 7351717 TI - Salvage cystectomy after irradiation failure. AB - Recent clinical studies have revealed the superiority of planned preoperative irradiation therapy followed by cystectomy compared to either treatment modality alone. There remains a select group of patients who for personal or medical reasons are not candidates for planned preoperative irradiation and cystectomy, and these patients undergo radical irradiation therapy as the sole treatment modality. Nearly 80% of these patients with invasive bladder cancer treated by definitive irradiation therapy will fail within 5 years, and many of these might become candidates for salvage cystectomy. Our 37 consecutive patients who failed definitive irradiation therapy were treated by salvage cystectomy. The selection for the operative procedure, morbidity and mortality, and survival data are reviewed. The mortality rate for this group was 8.1% and the early complication rate was 24%. However, none of the patients who underwent a 2-stage procedure or who had an early perineal approach died. In addition, only 1 (7%) of the staged patients had an early complication. The over-all survival for the entire group of 37 patients was 38%. However, those patients with pathological stage O or A disease had a 63% survival compared to a dismal 19% for those with stage B or greater disease. Our experience leads us to recommend that salvage cystectomy be performed early after irradiation failure. Selective use of the initial perineal approach in male patients and the use of staged cystectomy after urinary diversion in some of these high risk patients have resulted in a marked decrease in the morbidity and mortality. PMID- 7351716 TI - Factors influencing the recurrence rate of bladder cancer. AB - A prospective analysis was done on 318 patients with bladder cancer observed during a 4-year period. We examined the predictive value for tumor recurrence of the initial grade, stage, number and size of bladder tumors. None of the observed parameters alone or in combination could predict tumor recurrence. Cystoscopy and cytology, as well as random bladder and tumor biopsies, were part of the diagnostic studies. PMID- 7351718 TI - Bladder carcinoma. PMID- 7351719 TI - Testicular torsion in men. AB - Testicular torsion in men more than 30 years old is rare. Herein is a critical review of 8 well documented cases. Most cases were misdiagnosed initially, had delay in treatment and required orchiectomy. The diagnosis must be considered at the initial evaluation to achieve testicular preservation. PMID- 7351720 TI - Supraclavicular node biopsy in staging testis tumors. AB - Supraclavicular node biopsy has been advocated previously as a routine staging procedure for patients with testicular tumors. Of 73 patients with testis tumors the scalene node biopsy revealed metastasis in only 3 of 61 patients with non seminomatous tumors and in 1 of 12 patients with seminoma. Furthermore, all 4 patients were known to have other metastases; in 3 of the 4 patients a palpable supraclavicular mass was noted as well. The low yield of this procedure, in conjunction with a complication rate of 8%, mitigates against the routine use of supraclavicular node biopsy in patients without a palpable supraclavicular mass. PMID- 7351721 TI - Seminoma: improved imaging and tumor characterization with computed tomography. AB - We report 2 cases of metastatic seminoma to emphasize the use of computed tomography in defining accurately the extent and volume of tumor before treatment. Computed tomography permits more direct visualization of the retroperitoneum, mesenteric and abdominal lymph nodes, and extra nodal extension of the tumor to other organ systems. Additionally, characteristic tissue densities are displayed (that is cyst and hemorrhage), which may serve as an index to the dynamics of tumor growth and change. Lymphography and venacavography are invasive studies and both share inherent limitations in imaging for seminoma. Cross-sectional imaging is more precise in describing treatment fields for radiation therapy. Results of treatment are monitored more confidently with computed tomography. PMID- 7351722 TI - The case for conservative surgical management of the ilioinguinal region after inadequate orchiectomy. AB - We describe 16 patients who underwent conservative surgical treatment of the ilioinguinal region after transscrotal orchiectomy had demonstrated a non seminomatous germ cell tumor. Treatment consisted of an en bloc partial scrotectomy and removal of the remaining spermatic cord, usually through 2 incisions. Residual disease was present in 3 patients (19%) but malignant disease has not recurred in any. It is concluded that an inguinal lymphadenectomy is not warranted routinely in such patients. PMID- 7351723 TI - Long-term low dose cinoxacin therapy for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections. PMID- 7351724 TI - Color photography in open urological surgery. AB - The quality of intraoperative color slide photography can be improved by 1) orienting the viewer with landmark outline and constant camera position during the procedure, 2) brown gloves to avoid contrast within the operative field, 3) blue sponges to absorb blood, 4) contrasting stay sutures or tapes and 5) taking multiple pictures at different exposures. These points are illustrated with the photographic record of the repair of multiple renal artery aneurysms to provide the urologist with helpful hints in the recording of his interesting or challenging operative procedures. PMID- 7351725 TI - Comparison of pressure measurements in the lower urinary and lower fecal pathways. AB - The bladder and rectal ampullae have similar but not identical innervation from the spinal cord S2 to S4. A comparison of the functional behavior of the bladder and rectal ampullae was done with a cystometrogram and an ampullometrogram. The behavior of the urethral and anal sphincters was compared with electromyography and pressure profiles. In 20 patients there was a close relationship between the functional behavior of the lower urinary and lower fecal pathways. PMID- 7351726 TI - Urodynamic studies in anesthetized children. AB - Urodynamic study was done on 31 neurologically normal children with urinary infection and/or severe voiding disturbances. The evaluation was performed with the child under anesthesia because awake testing proved unsatisfactory. Detrusor contraction occurred in 29 children under anesthesia and sufficient data were obtained to identify accurately patterns of dysfunction and to initiate therapy. A method for anesthetic neurourologic study using enflurane is presented, which permits reliable and reproducible urodynamic observations to be made in patients in whom awake investigations are incomplete or unsatisfactory. PMID- 7351727 TI - An anterior extraperitoneal muscle-splitting approach for pediatric renal surgery. AB - We describe the successful use of an anterolateral, muscle-splitting technique. In the pediatric patient impressive exposure allows for renal pelvic and distal ureteral operations, obviating the necessity for a secondary lower incision. Additional benefits of this incision have been minimal nerve root irritation, incisional pain and muscular weakness. PMID- 7351728 TI - Single system ectopic ureteroceles with anomalies of the heart, testis and vas deferens. AB - We report a series of 7 children with single system ectopic ureteroceles. Our study included 6 boys, unlike the more common duplicated system ectopic ureterocele, that occurs 4 to 6 times more often in female patients. The presenting symptoms or signs were related to infection or obstruction in only 2 of our 7 patients. An ipsilateral non-functioning hypoplastic dysplastic kidney was present in 5 children (71%). Of the 7 children 4 had major congenital cardiac anomalies. Three boys had abdominal testes, including 2 with bilateral non-union of the vas deferens, 1 of whom represents the first reported case of bilateral atresia of the vas deferens with abdominal testes. PMID- 7351729 TI - Persistent hematuria during pregnancy. PMID- 7351730 TI - Recurrent urinary calculi associated with toluene sniffing. AB - A young man who presented initially with a ureteral stone was found to have toluene-induced renal tubular acidosis. Persistent toluene sniffing resulted in recurrent calculi and life-threatening hypokalemic paralysis. The pathophysiology, classification and treatment of renal tubular acidosis are discussed. PMID- 7351732 TI - Aspiration with amylase determination in differentiating pancreatic from renal cysts. AB - Cyst puncture has become a valuable diagnostic tool in the management of renal masses considered to be cystic by ultrasound. A case is reported of a mass that was considered to be a renal cyst after urographic, sonographic and angiographic examination. However, the correct diagnosis was made by determining the amylase content of the aspirated fluid. PMID- 7351733 TI - Renal teratomas: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7351731 TI - Treatment of recurrent calcium stone formation with cellulose phosphate. AB - Sodium cellulose phosphate was given to 35 patients for recurrent formation of calcium-containing stones. During therapy urinary calcium decreased by 40% in the first month and remained at this lower level. In addition, urinary magnesium excretion was reduced and the urinary magnesium/calcium ratio remained unaffected. In these patients, who mostly had had calcium oxalate stones, the prophylactic effects of sodium cellulose phosphate was poor, with a 47% recurrence rate after 2 years. This lack of prevention, despite the significant reduction of the urinary calcium, is assumed to be owing to the effects of treatment on magnesium and oxalate metabolism. Side effects were common, mainly consisting of moderate gastrointestinal discomfort, and caused withdrawal of treatment in 8 patients. This fact contributes further to our opinion that sodium cellulose phosphate is not the drug of choice in cases of calcium oxalate stone formation. PMID- 7351734 TI - Constricting arteries expand views of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7351735 TI - Laser-implant contact lens could be glucose monitor. PMID- 7351736 TI - Choosing a psychotherapist. PMID- 7351737 TI - Eosinophilia associated with psyllium hydrophilic colloid ingestion. PMID- 7351738 TI - Whiskey barrel explosions--a newly discovered danger. PMID- 7351739 TI - Behavioral factors and urinary tract infection. PMID- 7351740 TI - Insect in the external auditory canal--a new way out. PMID- 7351741 TI - Torsion dystonia. PMID- 7351742 TI - A more appropriate name for the antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 7351743 TI - Chest pain. PMID- 7351744 TI - Portable medical record systems. PMID- 7351745 TI - Possible teratogenic hyperthermia and marathon running. PMID- 7351746 TI - Plasma catecholamines in stress and exercise. AB - A technique was devised to monitor plasma catecholamines in a minimally obtrusive fashion in subjects going about their working activities. There was a disparity between plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels in different situations. During public speaking, epinephrine levels increase twofold, whereas during physical exercise, norepinephrine levels increase threefold. It seemed that while exercise induces a response of the sympathetic nervous system, psychological stress induces primarily an adrenal response. PMID- 7351748 TI - Continuity of care. AB - Continuity of care is of value only to the extent that it has an impact on the outcome of care, the prevention or reduction of physical, mental, or social disabilities, the satisfaction of patients, and the costs of care. It is important that research studies include patients with a broad range of social characteristics and that costs as well as health care benefits be measured. An accountability model describing the contributions of physicians, health care institutions, patients, and the local community to health outcomes is recommended. The following three principles are outlined for the evaluation of health care: (1) determine the patient's health status before and after care, (2) use appropriate measures of health outcomes, and (3) consider potential effects of factors extrinsic to medical care. PMID- 7351747 TI - Opiate withdrawal using clonidine. A safe, effective, and rapid nonopiate treatment. AB - Clonidine hydrochloride was administered to ten patients in an inpatient setting after abrupt discontinuation of chronic methadone hydrochloride administration. Clonidine produced a rapid and statistically significant decrease in opiate withdrawal signs and symptoms. Clonidine administration for 14 days enabled all patients to be successfully detoxified from chronic opiate administration. In all patients studied, clonidine was a safe and effective nonopiate treatment of opiate withdrawal that suppressed the affect, signs, and symptoms of opiate withdrawal. These data support the hypothesis that the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, clonidine, has substantial antiwithdrawal effect by replacing opiate mediated inhibition with alpha 2-mediated inhibition of brain noradrenergic activity. PMID- 7351750 TI - Recurrent Salmonella typhi peritonitis. PMID- 7351751 TI - Delayed rupture of the spleen after cardiac massage. PMID- 7351749 TI - Need-based requirements for primary care physicians. PMID- 7351753 TI - Action needed to prevent deaths from hypothermia in the elderly. PMID- 7351752 TI - Bilateral blue toe syndrome. A case report. PMID- 7351754 TI - Most antiarthritic agents injure GI mucosa. PMID- 7351756 TI - Adverse drug reaction profiles. PMID- 7351755 TI - Kawasaki disease in an adult. PMID- 7351758 TI - Karaya gum hypersensitivity in an enterostomal therapist. PMID- 7351759 TI - Pituitary stone in a 9-year-old girl. PMID- 7351760 TI - Henoch-Schonlein syndrome associated with quinidine. PMID- 7351757 TI - How to turn pennies into dollars. PMID- 7351761 TI - Genital abnormalities and psychological problems. PMID- 7351762 TI - Inflicted burns in children-forensic recognition and resolution. PMID- 7351763 TI - Platelet transfusion therapy. One-hour posttransfusion increments are valuable in predicting the need for HLA-matched preparations. AB - Seventy-nine platelet transfusions to 73 thrombocytopenic patients with cancer were analyzed to determine whether a platelet count obtained one hour after transfusion could help differentiate between alloimmunization and other clinical factors that result in rapid platelet destruction. These transfusions were selected because 18- to 24-hour increments were inadequate in response to fresh, random donor platelets. A corrected count increment (Cl) (Cl=[posttransfusion count-pretransfusion count]Xbody surface area [sq m]/platelets transfusedX10'') at one hour of 10X103/microliter or greater was associated with absence of lymphocytotoxic antibody, whereas increments of less than 10X103/microliter were generally associated with high levels of strongly cytotoxic antibody. HLA-matched transfusions produced no improvement in increments when the previous one-hour Cl had been 10X103/microliter or greater, whereas in the other group significantly better increments were obtained. A one-hour posttransfusion count is a simple test that correlates well with the presence of antibody against HLA antigens, is valuable in predicting the need for HLA-matched platelets, and helps avoid wasteful, empirical use of such transfusions. PMID- 7351764 TI - Excessive mortality and causes of death in morbidly obese men. AB - A group of 200 morbidly obese men (average weight, 143.5 kg; age, 23 to 70 years) were admitted to a weight control program between 1960 and 1977 and were followed up for a mean period of 7 1/2 years. There was complete follow-up until the termination of the study or until death for 185 men. Fifteen men were followed up for fractional periods. Fifty of the 200 died during the course of the study. Life-table techniques, comparing the mortality among the obese with that among men in the general population, demonstrated a 12-fold excess mortality in the obese in the age group 25 to 34 years and a sixfold excess in the age group 35 to 44 years. This ratio diminished with advancing age. Cardiovascular disease was reported as the cause of death more frequently and malignancies less frequently than they were for men in the US general population. PMID- 7351767 TI - Sodium fluoride for osteoporosis--some unanswered questions. PMID- 7351768 TI - What or whom to treat. PMID- 7351766 TI - Acute myopathy associated with influenza A/Texas/1/77 infection. Isolation of virus from a muscle biopsy specimen. AB - Influenza A/Texas/1/77 was isolated from a muscle biopsy specimen from a patient with muscle weakness and increased serum creatine phosphokinase level. The patient was seen during an outbreak of influenza A/Texas/1/77 that was associated with myopathy. Isolation of this virus from this patient's muscle specimen suggests that the myopathy associated with influenza may be due to direct infection of skeletal muscle. PMID- 7351769 TI - Kidney enlargement and cervical spine disease in a child. PMID- 7351765 TI - Treatment of primary osteoporosis with fluoride and calcium. Clinical tolerance and fracture occurrence. AB - Thirty-six patients with primary osteoporosis were treated for up to six years with sodium fluoride, calcium supplements, and, in 24 patients, vitamin D. Major adverse reactions (synovitis, painful plantar fascial syndrome, recurrent vomiting, or anemia) occurred in 15 patients (42%). New vertebral fractures occurred at a rate of 329 fractures per 1,000 years of observation. Almost half of them occurred during the first year of therapy, and they were only one sixth as frequent in 12 patients who had fluoride-induced increased trabeculation on vertebral roentogenograms. Nevertheless, until long-term safety and antifracture efficacy are better established, this regimen should continue to be restricted to investigational use. PMID- 7351772 TI - More support for refusing medical treatment. PMID- 7351770 TI - Angiotensin in the brain? PMID- 7351771 TI - A peptide potpourri. PMID- 7351773 TI - Cults. PMID- 7351774 TI - Malignant hyperthermia--a misnomer. PMID- 7351777 TI - Digoxin prescribing. PMID- 7351776 TI - Tamoxifen and thromboembolism. PMID- 7351775 TI - Transient pulmonary infiltrates associated with warfarin. PMID- 7351779 TI - Uvulectomy. PMID- 7351778 TI - Relief of nocturnal chest pain. PMID- 7351780 TI - From the NIH: Successful diet and exercise therapy is conducted in Vermont for "diabesity". PMID- 7351781 TI - From the NIH: Cyclophosphamide may be effective in severe vasculitis. PMID- 7351782 TI - Philosophy, prescriptions, and politics. PMID- 7351783 TI - Pulmonary dysfunction following traumatic quadriplegia. Recognition, prevention, and treatment. AB - A prospective study of the pulmonary complications occurring in 22 consecutive patients admitted to hospital within 24 hours after acute traumatic quadriplegia was compared with the findings of a retrospective survey of 22 comparable patients. Patients in the prospective group received therapy designed to prevent or reverse secretion retention. All patients in this group survived. In the retrospective group there were nine deaths; pulmonary complications and the need for tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were three times more frequent. Serial pulmonary function testing in the prospective group demonstrated a greater compromise of expiration than inspiration and progressive improvement in diaphragm function with time. It is concluded that vigorous pulmonary therapy in the prospective group was associated with increased survival, a decreased incidence of pulmonary complications, and a decreased need for ventilatory support. PMID- 7351784 TI - Elevated high-density lipoprotein levels in marathon runners. AB - The data base of a prospective long-term study of 50 distance runners and 43 controls indicated that the runners had significantly lower pulse rates and relative weights and elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. There was no difference in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures or triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. Relative weight and triglyceride levels did not appear to be causal factors in producing HDL elevation. It is possible that in some way distance running results in HDL-cholesterol elevation. If the inverse correlation between HDL-cholesterol concentration and development of coronary artery disease is correct, then distance runners should have a lower risk of developing coronary artery disease than nonrunners. PMID- 7351785 TI - The trips of slips. Time delays in laboratory and X-ray data for outpatients in a teaching hospital. AB - The laboratory and x-ray studies performed on 148 outpatients were monitored to see how long it took for the results to be obtained, reviewed, and inserted into the medical record. An average of 27.0 days was required for all of these tasks. This mundane, unwieldly problem clearly deserves more attention, especially in outpatient clinics at teaching hospitals. PMID- 7351786 TI - An epidemic of resistant Salmonella in a nursery. Animal-to-human spread. AB - A Salmonella heidelberg epidemic in a hospital nursery was traced to infected calves on a dairy farm where the mother of the index patient lived. The Salmonella isolates from all cases were resistant to chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. Verification of the spread of infection from the farm animals to a hospital population is unusual and raises questions about the hazards of antibiotic animal-feed preparations that may induce infection with resistant organisms in humans. PMID- 7351787 TI - Subcutaneous injection of metallic mercury. PMID- 7351788 TI - Hormonal content of thyroid replacement preparations. PMID- 7351789 TI - Danse macabre. PMID- 7351791 TI - A 'factor' for wound healing. PMID- 7351790 TI - Vitamin C may enhance healing of caustic corneal burns. PMID- 7351792 TI - Tracking senile cataracts. PMID- 7351794 TI - What therapy for uveal melanomas? PMID- 7351793 TI - Ocular histoplasmosis. PMID- 7351795 TI - Contaminants in clinical reverse osmosis water purification systems. PMID- 7351796 TI - Selective transsphenoidal adenectomy--microbiopsy prolactinomas. PMID- 7351797 TI - Herpes simplex infection following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 7351798 TI - Is general surgery a dying specialty? PMID- 7351799 TI - Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the small intestine. PMID- 7351800 TI - Theophylline therapy during pregnancy. PMID- 7351801 TI - Infection after splenectomy. PMID- 7351802 TI - Pneumococcal vaccine and splenectomy. PMID- 7351803 TI - Ectopic pregnancy. A study of 300 consecutive surgically treated cases. AB - Three hundred consecutive women with the surgical and histological diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy were studied to evaluate the etiological factors associated with this problem. Seventy-seven women had a history of surgical evidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); 46 had a history of abdominal pelvic surgery; 32 had a history of both PID and surgery. Forty-three women had used an intrauterine device (IUD), and 32 had a device in utero at the time of the ectopic pregnancy. However, no definite relationship between use of the IUD and ectopic pregnancy could be established. A pregnancy test was positive in 207 of the 251 women on whom it was performed. Culdocentesis, performed on all patients, yielded nonclotting blood in 285 patients. Hematocrit value, measured on the culdocentesis specimen, was greater than 15% in 278 of the 285 women. PMID- 7351804 TI - Analysis of patients undergoing breast biopsy. The role of mammography. AB - Mammography plays an important role in the examination of the patient with palpable breast mass. The benefits as well as the limitations of mammography in this clinical setting are examined, and the implications of a normal mammogram report are emphasized. Physicians must be aware that the decision of whether to biopsy a palpable breast mass should not be determined solely by the mammographic findings. It is recommended that patients undergo a mammographic examination before having a breast biopsy. PMID- 7351805 TI - The saga of 'artificial blood'. PMID- 7351806 TI - Fluosol a special boon to Jehovah's Witnesses... PMID- 7351808 TI - Patients with head and neck cancer not aided by scans. PMID- 7351807 TI - National Eye Institute focuses on Framingham. PMID- 7351809 TI - Human, animal rabies cases show a slight upswing. PMID- 7351810 TI - Hypocalcemia associated with oral phosphate replacement therapy. PMID- 7351811 TI - Why patients with asthma go to the emergency room. PMID- 7351812 TI - Keratoconjunctivitis from ultraviolet light. PMID- 7351813 TI - Accidental intra-arterial injection of penicillin. PMID- 7351814 TI - Nonequality of brand name thyroxine preparations. PMID- 7351815 TI - Medicine vs Madison Avenue. Fighting smoke with smoke. PMID- 7351817 TI - Adverse reactions associated with ticrynafen use. AB - Three hypertensive patients receiving ticrynafen, a new uricosuric diuretic, experienced adverse reactions. One patient experienced acute renal failure, the second experienced a renal stone, and the third had a fatal hemorrhage while receiving anticoagulation therapy with warfarin sodium. All complications can be explained by known actions of the drug and are preventable. However, these reactions illustrate the potential hazards from widespread substitution of ticrynafen for thiazide diuretics in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7351816 TI - Impotence is not always psychogenic. Newer insights into hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal dysfunction. AB - The concept that impotence is psychogenic in 95% of cases is reconsidered. Screening serum testosterone levels of 105 consecutive patients with impotence showed that 37 patients had previously unsuspected disorders of the hypothalamic pituitary-gonadal axis. Twenty patients had hypogonadotropic-hypogonadism, seven had hypergonadotropic-hypogonadism, eight had hyperprolactinemia, and two had occult hyperthyroidism. Once the specific defect was defined, appropriate therapy was instituted, and potency was restored in 33 patients. Screening serum testosterone levels is useful in identifying hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal dysfunction in patients with impotence. PMID- 7351818 TI - Acute renal failure associated with ticrynafen. PMID- 7351819 TI - Acute renal failure during treatment with ticrynafen. PMID- 7351820 TI - Trichinosis masquerading as a penicillin allergy. PMID- 7351822 TI - Intercostal neuralgia of pregnancy. PMID- 7351824 TI - Ticrynafen's withdrawal from the market. PMID- 7351821 TI - Chronic pulmonary reaction to nitrofurantoin. PMID- 7351823 TI - The role of the physician in occupational epidemics. PMID- 7351825 TI - Accidental carbon monoxide poisoning. PMID- 7351826 TI - Smoking and health. PMID- 7351827 TI - Allergists who alarm the public. A problem in medical ethics. PMID- 7351828 TI - Increased degradation in rat liver induced by vinblastine. II. Morphologic characterization. PMID- 7351829 TI - Effect of inhibitors of the arachidonate pathway on the release of granule contents from rabbit platelets adherent to collagen. PMID- 7351830 TI - Cytotoxic effects of the guinea pig eosinophil major basic protein on tracheal epithelium. PMID- 7351832 TI - The effect of normal rat urine on mucosal regeneration in heterotopic urinary bladder. AB - A heterotopically transplanted urinary bladder (HTB) of the rat with a communicating Ommaya reservoir was developed in our laboratory as a model to elevate potential bladder carcinogens and the role of urine on the carcinogenesis. Following transplantation the mucosa undergoes ischemic necrosis, but regeneration ensues rapidly within 2 weeks. The present investigation evaluated the effect of two variants on the natural history of the HTB mucosa immediately following its transplantation: (1) presence of normal rat urine, and (2) the effect of alteration of intraluminal osmolality. The results indicate that alteration of osmolality had no effect on the regenerative process, and the epithelium returned to normal in a few weeks. Weekly administration of pooled sterile rat urine into HTB, however, induced simple hyperplasia which persisted throughout the 20-week study period. The HTBs maintained with pooled rat urine did not attain the normal ultrastructural surface characteristics even at 20 weeks posttransplantation. It is concluded that urine exerts a stimulatory effect on the bladder epithelium when first administered to HTB during the active regenerating phase and as long as urinary contact continues. PMID- 7351831 TI - A morphometric analysis of the male and female tracheal epithelium after experimental exposure to marijuana smoke. AB - Male and female rats were exposed to marijuana smoke that was generated from nonfiltered marijuana research cigarettes three times each day for 31 +/- 1 consecutive days. Morphometric analyses of the tracheal epithelium were made for the volume density of secretory cells in the trachal epithelium, volume density of glycoprotein in the secretory cells, and number of secretory cells per unit length of the tracheal epithelium. Glycol methacrylate sections of the trachea stained with a combined Alcian Blue and periodic acid-Schiff technique and hematoxylin permitted analysis of not only stained secretory cells and their glycoprotein composition but also unstained secretory cells, providing a complete profile of the total secretory cell population in the tracheal epithelium. Exposure to marijuana smoke resulted in an increase in the volume density of glycoprotein in the secretory cells in association with an increase in the number of stained secretory cells per unit length of epithelium and a shift in the secretory cell mucin production from periodic acid-Schiff-positive to the production of mixtures of periodic acid-Schiff-positive and Alcian Blue-positive glycoproteins. Exposure to marijuana smoke, however, decreased the volume density of total secretory cells and the number of unstained secretory cells. It appears that the increased number of stained secretory cells in marijuana smoke-exposed rats was the result of a conversion from unstained to stained secretory cells. Female rats demonstrated larger relative increases than male rats in the total glycoprotein in secretory cells, in the number of stained secretory cells, and a larger shift in glycoprotein composition after exposure to smoke. PMID- 7351833 TI - Increased degradation in rat liver induced by vinblastine. I. Biochemical characterization. AB - The administration of vinblastine sulfate to rats causes an increase in degradation of liver proteins and lipids as measured in vitro by the release of trichloroacetic acid-soluble products. In mitochondrial-lysosomal fractions both lipolysis and proteolysis increase. Postmicrosomal supernatants (cytosol) also show an increase in lipolysis. Little or no enhancement of degradation occurs in the microsomal fraction. The stimulation of degradation by vinblastine is dose related and is associated with increased lysosomal fragility. Degradation in vitro in the vinblastine model persists longer than in the control. No alterations either in the recovery of cell fractions or in the distribution of lysosomal enzymes are seen after vinblastine treatment. The increase in proteolysis induced by vinblastine can be completely prevented by pretreating the rats with either low or high doses of cycloheximide. Biochemical characterization by use of an inhibitor (iodoacetamide) of cathepsins and by use of ammonium chloride suggests that the increased proteolysis seen after vinblastine is related to increased sequestration of substrate into the lysosomal pool. Our studies do not support the notion that in the liver vinblastine impairs fusion between autophagosomes and preexisting primary or secondary lysosomes during the time points studied. The stimulation of both proteolysis and lipolysis in the liver lysosomes of rats treated with vinblastine provides an experimental model for the studies on mechanisms of intralysosomal degradation of cell constituents. PMID- 7351834 TI - Flow microfluorometric deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis supplementing routine histopathologic diagnosis of biopsy specimens. AB - Flow microfluorometric DNA analysis was applied on a routine basis additionally to the conventional pathologic diagnostics of biopsy samples. The evaluation of the DNA distributions for the determination of the fractions of cells in different stages of the cell cycle was complicated by varying portions of background debris, which was generally found to be present in suspensions of single dispersed cells prepared from solid tissues. By means of computerized subtraction of exponentially decreasing corrections, it was possible to clear the original flow microfluorometric distributions. The contribution of background debris was found to cause erroneous overestimation, particularly in the evaluation of low S-phase fractions. By means of the corrections, even samples containing more than 65 per cent nuclear fragments could be evaluated with sufficient accuracy. The correct evaluation of the S-phase fraction possibly could indicate the degree of differentiation and proliferative activity of tissues. Low S-phase fractions within the range of normal regeneration were found in benign alterations and well differentiated carcinomas. In contrast, S-phase fractions up to 40 per cent were present in poorly differentiated tumors with extended cellular atypia, largely varying nuclear size and staining properties. The combination of conventional pathologic diagnostics with quantitative determination of the fractions of cells within the stages of the cell cycle in biopsy samples on a routine basis could supplement the diagnoses by therapeutically relevant information. PMID- 7351835 TI - Further studies on the prognostic importance of Barr body frequency in human breast cancer: with discussion on its probable mechanism. AB - Based on the Barr body frequency, a total of 285 unselected breast cancer tissues were categorised as negative and positive tumours; incidence of these two groups in our series was 2:1, respectively. When 2-years' disease-free interval and 10 years' survival were considered, it was seen that patients harbouring negative tumours had significantly early recurrence and shorter duration of survival as compared to those having positive tumours. As vascular spread is the prerequisite of early recurrence, the shorter survival in the patients having negative tumours could be explained on the basis of blood vessel invasion, in that 73% of the negative tumours had blood vessel invasion, in contrast to only 24% in the positive tumours. PMID- 7351836 TI - Intraarterial adriamycin in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas. AB - Ten patients with extremity sarcomas adriamycin 60 mg/M2 into the artery supplying the area of tumor. There were minimal local side effects consisting of occasional local erythema or slight transitory pain. Nine of these patients had subsequent surgery, and an average 32.86% histologic tumor necrosis was recorded in the peripherally viable areas of seven patients with residual tumor, compared to a 5.71% necrosis recorded in the biopsy sections (P value less than 0.01). PMID- 7351837 TI - A new approach in the immunotherapy of carcinoma of the colon and rectum. AB - Although the therapy of carcinoma of the colon and rectum has been investigated, little progress has been made in prolonging the survival in these patients. Specific active immunotherapy may provide the answer. Previous investigators have shown that colorectal cancer elicits an immune response and may be susceptible to immunologic manipulation. My laboratory has shown that a live vaccinia virus augmented (vaccinia oncolysate) tumor cell vaccine is safe and may be worthwhile in the surgical adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer. Nine patients with advanced cancer were treated. 0/9 showed adverse effect and 3/9 showed lack of progression of disease. Randomized prospective trials are now underway. PMID- 7351838 TI - Mouse colostomy model for studies on large bowel cancer. AB - The development of appropriate animal model systems has been proposed as a means of facilitating the study of human colorectal cancer. This report describes the development and use of a blind-colorectal pouch in a carcinoma mouse model. The blind-pouch was prepared in C57BL/6J mice by surgically exteriorizing the descending colon and producing two stomata in the abdominal wall. The proximal stoma served as an end colostomy and the distal stoma created as a mucous fistula. Surgical closure of the anus thus provided a colorectal pouch. In pilot studies it was found that N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and radiation together but neither separately produced tumors in the pouch of surviving mice. Further, inoculation of C38 syngeneic tumor cell suspension into the pouch and immediate closure resulted in tumor takes within three to four weeks. The use of this model in carcinogenesis and the immunology of colon cancer simulate the human colorectal cancer problem more closely than previous animal models. PMID- 7351839 TI - Significance of 99mTc-sulfur colloid splenic image in malignant melanoma. AB - To evaluate the clinical significance of 99mTc-sulfur-colloid (TsSC) spleen scan findings in patients with malignant melanoma, a retrospective study was undertaken. Eighty-one patients with histologically proven malignant melanoma who received treatment in Roswell Park during a five-year period were included in this study. The scans were analyzed for spleen size, differential uptake of the tracer in liver and spleen, and for the presence of metastases in these two organs. These data were compared with stage of disease, survival, and autopsy findings. Significant correlation was found between the splenic size as measured on the scintiscan and at autopsy examination. The spleen size was found to be normal in 92% of the patients in early melanoma. The median survival of patients who had a normal-sized spleen by scan criteria was found to be longer than those who had splenomegaly. No significant difference in survival was noted between the patients with and without augmented splenic uptake of TcSC. Only a small number (17.7%) of patients with augmented splenic uptake had splenic metastases; hence, the possible role of immunological factors was considered. PMID- 7351840 TI - The role of percutaneous needle biopsy in the management of patients with peripheral pulmonary nodules. PMID- 7351841 TI - Valve replacement should not be performed in all asymptomatic patients with severe aortic incompetence. PMID- 7351842 TI - Reduction of flow rate and arterial pressure at moderate hypothermia does not result in cerebral dysfunction. PMID- 7351843 TI - Influence of complete coronary revascularization on relief of angina. PMID- 7351844 TI - Influence of telephone surveillance on pacemaker patient care. PMID- 7351845 TI - Hematologic aspects of cardiotomy suction in cardiac operations. PMID- 7351846 TI - Peripheral vascular response to potassium administration during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Potassium (K+) is often administered to patients during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The effects of rapid K+ administration during CPB were studied in 30 adult patients. Each patient received one bolus dose (2, 4, 8, 12, or 16 mEq) of potassium chloride (KCl) (2 mEq/ml) during CPB. Serum K+ was significantly increased from baseline values at KCl doses of 8 mEq and larger (p less than 0.05). All increases in serum K+ returned to clinically acceptable levels within 5 minutes after the bolus. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) (torr) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) (dynes sec cm-5) changes were biphasic; after an initial transient decrease, maximal with the 16 mEq K+ bolus (MAP -21 +/- 6, TPR 315 +/- 135), these parameters increased (8 mEq K+ bolus, MAP + 15 +/- 16, TPR + 301 +/- 90; 12 mEq K+ bolus, MAP + 43 +/- 9, TPR + 998 +/- 250; 16 mEq bolus, MAP + 51 +/- 9, TPR + 1,216 +/- 120) with a peak at 3 minutes after the bolus. Hypertension, in nine of 18 patients receiving a KCl bolus of 8 mEq or larger, was of such magnitude (range 132 to 196 torr) as to require rapid therapeutic intervention to lower blood pressure. When KCl supplementation is required on CPB and slow infusion rates seem unreasonable, bolus doses of less than 8 mEq may be administered without vascular effect. PMID- 7351847 TI - Acute renal failure following cardiac operations. AB - The incidence and course of acute renal failure following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of oliguric acute renal failure was 1.5% and the mortality rate was 27%, a figure substantially lower than previously reported. Both peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis were initiated early, with a mean of 3.6 days between the onset of acute renal failure and initiation of dialysis. Survivors had a mean duration of acute renal failure of 24 days. Deaths were caused by cardiac failure (one) and sepsis (two). Mortality rate from acute renal failure complicating CPB resembles that from acute renal failure related to other causes and may be lowered by early aggressive dialysis. PMID- 7351848 TI - Surgical anatomy and atrioventricular conduction tissues of hearts with isolated ventricular septal defects. PMID- 7351849 TI - Preoperative M-mode echocardiography as a predictor of surgical results in chronic aortic insufficiency. AB - A group of 80 patients were studied retrospectively to determine whether preoperative echocardiography is useful in predicting operative results in patients with aortic valve replacement for chronic aortic insufficiency. One year after operation, percent change of left ventricular dimension (%delta D) and ejection fraction (EF) were higher and end-systolic left-ventricular internal dimension was smaller in patients with good results than in those who had poor results (p less than 0.05). Regarding probability of 5 year survival, patients with a %delta D of more than 35% had good prognosis, those with 31% to 35% had a fairly good prognosis, and those with 30% or less had increased risk of death, especially if they were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class III or IV. All deaths occurred in patients with preoperative values of 31% or less. Patients with EF of 60% or more had a better prognosis than those with a value of less than 60%. In addition, 10 early postoperative echocardiographic studies showed no correlation between early regression of end-diastolic left ventricular internal dimension and long-term operative results; 18 late postoperative studies showed reduction in this dimension in patients with good surgical results, and the only one with a poor result had an enlarged dimension. Thus echocardiographic indices of left ventricular function (%delta D) and EF) may be useful as prognostic indicators in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic insufficiency. PMID- 7351850 TI - Aortic valvular insufficiency and postductal aortic coarctation in the adult. Combined surgical management through median sternotomy: a new surgical approach. AB - A new surgical technique for the relief of aortic coarctation and replacement of the aortic valve has been described. In our patient, aortic valve replacement was combined with a bypass graft from the ascending aorta to the retrocardiac descending thoracic aorta. The clinical findings and the technical details form the basis of this report. PMID- 7351851 TI - Aspergillus terreus infective endocarditis on a porcine heterograft valve. AB - We present the first reported case of Aspergillus endocarditis occurring on a porcine heterograft prosthesis and discuss the literature regarding both Aspergillus endocarditis and endocarditis on a porcine valve. A 65-year-old man underwent aortic valve replacement with a porcine heterograft. Several weeks later he exhibited signs of infection and then of valve failure. Upon removal, the porcine valve substance was found to be grossly infiltrated and destroyed by the Aspergillus organism. The porcine valve has an excellent reputation of being resistant to infection and relatively easy to sterilize by medical management alone. Several surveys attest to the low incidence of endocarditis. Because of our experience with the destruction caused by Aspergillus, however, and because antimicrobials generally fail to eradicate this organism, we urge prompt operation to remove the heterograft valve involved with infection by this organism. The valve diseased with Aspergillus should be replaced with a mechanical prosthesis. In the aortic position, extra-anatomic replacement should be considered to facilitate eradication of periannular infection postoperatively. PMID- 7351852 TI - Primary lung abscess. PMID- 7351853 TI - Double pacemaker implantation. AB - A demand-type pacemaker and an inductive radiofrequency atrial pacemaker were implanted in four patients presenting with sick sinus syndrome, bradycardia tachycardia syndrome, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, atrial flutter, and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, and in one patient having ventricular tachycardia with ectopic ventricular beats. Our follow-up of these patients showed that double implantation is feasible and effective in controlling different types of arrhythmia occurring in the same patient. PMID- 7351854 TI - Rupture of an intra-aortic balloon. A case report. AB - A case of rupture of an intra-aortic balloon is reported. The rupture, noted 34 hours after insertion of the balloon, was caused by perforation by an atheromatous plaque. The patient exhibited no adverse effects from the episode. PMID- 7351855 TI - Stenosis of the coronary sinus ostium. An unusual site of obstruction in total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. AB - A patient with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the coronary sinus and stenosis of the right atrial opening of the coronary sinus is described. While the initial studies were compatible with increased pulmonary blood flow, subsequent evaluation demonstrated severe pulmonary venous obstruction. Successful operative correction was performed. PMID- 7351856 TI - Intrapericardial teratoma in infancy. AB - Intrapericardial teratoma is a rare, congenital, pedunculated tumor, usually attached to the ascending aorta and associated with massive pericardial effusion, cardiac compression, and severe cardiorespiratory distress in infants and young children. Echocardiography and cardiac cineangiography are diagnostic and should be used promptly. The tumor is generally benign and early surgical removal is curative. The case reports of two infants who underwent successful surgical removal of their lesions are presented. PMID- 7351858 TI - Statement on extracorporeal technology. PMID- 7351857 TI - Fluoroscopic control for dilation of esophagogastric anastomotic stricture. AB - A radiologic technique is described for dilating a strictured side-to-side anastomosis between the upper esophagus and the fundus of the stomach. Traditional dilatation methods could not be employed because of the lateral position of the anastomosis. PMID- 7351859 TI - Proximal gastric vagotomy. Initial experience. AB - Proximal gastric vagotomy was performed in 223 patients with chronic duodenal ulceration between 1973 and 1977. The follow-up ranged from 6 to 78 months with a mean of 39 months. There was no operative mortality. Adverse postoperative sequelae, including delayed gastric emptying, dumping, diarrhea, and reflux gastritis, were seen in less than 3% of patients. Ulcers recurred in 11 patients (4.9%). We conclude that proximal gastric vagotomy is an effective, safe, and satisfactory operation for chronic duodenal ulcer over the short term. PMID- 7351860 TI - Vagotomy and pyloroplasty in the treatment of duodenal ulceration. Long-term results. AB - In the years 1960 through 1966, vagotomy and pyloroplasty was performed for duodenal ulceration in 182 patients. Elective operation was performed in 84% of cases, and intractability of symptoms was the major indication. For emergency operations, bleeding was the main indication. Eight of 182 patients died in the postoperative period (operative mortality 4.4%--3.3% elective, 10.3% emergency). Follow-up of 1 to 17 years has been obtained in 154 of 182 patients (96% of these from 5 to 17 years). Ulcer recurred in 12.3% of cases (13.6% elective, 4.5% emergency); the average time to recurrence was 4.8 years. Fully 37% of recurrent ulcers were documented 6 years or more postoperatively. Morbidity was significant; diarrhea and "dumping" were the most noteworthy sequelae, and these occurred in 16.2% and 7.8% of cases, respectively. "Postgastrectomy sequelae" occurred in 61 of 154 patients. It is concluded from this study that vagotomy and phyloroplasty, as currently practiced and used in the elective surgical treatment of chronic duodenal ulceration, does not sufficiently protect against recurrence of ulcer. PMID- 7351861 TI - Truncal vagotomy and resection in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. AB - A retrospective analysis was conducted of 466 patients who underwent elective truncal vagotomy with antrectomy or hemigastrectomy for chronic duodenal ulcer. The postoperative (30-day) mortality was 1.1%. In 412 of 466 patients (88.4%), follow-up was obtained, and in 290 patients alive at the writing of this paper, the mean follow-up was 17.1 years; the remaining 54 patients (11.6%) were lost to follow-up. The overall ulcer recurrence rate was 0.7%. Severe postoperative sequelae--postvagotomy diarrhea and postgastrectomy dumping--were uncommon--0.7% and 1.0% of patients, respectively. The combination of truncal vagotomy and gastric resection is a viable alternative in the surgical treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer disease and is the authors' operation of choice for most such patients. PMID- 7351862 TI - Symposium on duodenal peptic ulceration--1980. Introduction. PMID- 7351863 TI - Coronary blood-flow responses during successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - With the use of thermodilution techniques, changes in coronary sinus blood flow were measured during balloon catheter dilation of a high-grade stenosis within the left anterior descending coronary artery. Postdilation increases in flow occurred in a patient who experienced complete relief from previously incapacitating angina pectoris. PMID- 7351864 TI - Which operation for duodenal ulcer? AB - Proximal gastric vagotomy is favored by many Mayo Clinic surgeons when operating electively for chronic duodenal ulcer. The operation is safe, has fewer side effects than subtotal gastrectomy, truncal vagotomy and drainage, or truncal vagotomy and antrectomy, and provides satisfactory anti-ulcer protection. PMID- 7351865 TI - [Epidemiology of hepatitis B in hospital personnel (author's transl)]. AB - This is a seroepidemiological study of infection by viral hepatitis type B affecting sanitary personnel in a general hospital with the objective of determining the occupational risk factor in the acquisition of this disease. Of the 791 subjects who participated in the study, 146 (18.5 percent) showed signs of present or past infection due to virus B (HBsAg or anti-HBs positive by RIA). Seropositivity in hospital personnel was significantly higher that observed in the population of 834 volunteer blood donors (12 percent). The greater frequency of signs of infection was observed in those who had frequent contact with blood and its derivates, and in those who had been working more than 5 years in the hospital. The occupational category with the greatest risk of acquisition of this infection is cleaning personnel, followed by physicians and nurses; and the work areas of greatest risk are the blood bank and the laboratory. The results of this epidemiological survey suggest that viral hepatitis acquired before the initiation of the hospital work are not predominantly B, while those acquired during hospital work are predominantly of type B. PMID- 7351866 TI - [Angiogammagraphic and angiographic correlations of the great arterial groups in cerebral pathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7351867 TI - [Study of the renal tubular function in alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis (author's transl)]. AB - The renal plasma flow (RPF), glomerular filtrate (GF), renal concentration strength and urinary acidification capacity in eight patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and five control subjects was studied. The maximum urinary acidification capacity was tested by means or arginine monochloride. In two patients, renal tubular acidosis (RTA) was observed. One patient manifested a slight decrease in RPF, GF, hyposthenuria, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and bicarbonaturia. The test for maintained acidification and the overload of bicarbonate indicated a mixed RTA. The other patient manifested incomplete distal RTA, which was briefly corrected with the administration of furosemide. These tubular defects were not associated with the loss of proteins, phosphates, glucose, aminoacids or renal lithiasis. Neither were they related to the serum levels of copper, globulins, or predisposition to hepatic encephalopathy. The association between hepatic cirrhosis and distal tubular acidosis is known, but until the present work, the fact that this hepatopathy can simultaneously affect the proximal and distal tubules had not been described. PMID- 7351868 TI - [Partial defect in the secretion of antidiuretic hormone and disproportionate polydipsia (author's transl)]. AB - A 20-year-old patient was evaluated because of polydipsia and polyuria; by means of the dehydration test a partial defect in the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was demonstrated, since the urinary osmolality after the administration of exogenous vasopressin was superior by 25 percent to the maximum spontaneous urinary osmolality reached after a period of fluid restriction. Nevertheless, there was also a component of psychogenic polydipsia because the daily basal fluid intake was superior to 15 liters, and in view of the fact that the urinary osmolality could reach 600 mOsm/kg, the endocrine defect cannot totally be responsible for the enormous volume of fluid intake. This is the first case in the world literature in which the association between potomania and deficiency in the secretion of ADH is reported. Since ADH is one of the factors which regulate the behaviour of various animal species it is possible that its deficiency may be directly responsible for the psychic disorder which led to the potomania. It is also possible that an anatomical hypothalamic lesion, too small to be demonstrated, might have a simultaneous effect on the centers regulating thirst and the neurons producing vasopressin. PMID- 7351869 TI - [CRST syndrome and mixed cryoglobulinemia (author's transl)]. AB - A case of CRST syndrome associated with a type III mixed cryoglobulinemia according to Seligman's classification is presented. The authors stress the concrete individualization of this syndrome, as well as the importance of the Raynaud's phenomenon as the first and early manifestation in the clinical picture. They state, on the other hand, that the abundance and distribution of the telangiectasias is similar to the hereditary Rendu-Osler telangiectasia. Finally, a possible common physiopathologic basis for the syndrome and the associated cryoglobulinemia in this patient is suggested. PMID- 7351870 TI - [Hemolytic-uremic syndrome in the adult (author's transl)]. AB - This article presents six cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome, defined as the combination of acute renal insufficiency, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia, in six adult patients, two men and four women, between 20 and 52 years old. Three of the cases were considered idiopathic, two secondary to the use of oral contraceptives, and one appeared after an abortion. All of the patients presented severe hypertension, frequently accompanied by increased renin levels; in no cases was there any important coagulation disorder. In all of the biopsies there were lesions denoting intravascular thrombosis in the arterioles and medium-sized arteries of the kidney, as well as thickening of the glomerular basal membrane. Immunofluorescence was positive for fibrinogen and C3 in the majority of biopsies examined. Two patients suffered acute pancreatitis, hypertension having perhaps been an important factor in this complication. One of the two patients died as a result of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis and was the only death in the series. Of the five remaining subjects, three required periodic hemodyalisis and the other two presented a considerable degree of chronic renal failure, which confirms that the prognosis for the hemolytic-uremic syndrome is much worse for the adult than for the child. PMID- 7351871 TI - Effects of prostaglandin H2, prostaglandin E2, and arachidonic acid on parathyroid hormone and antidiuretic hormone activation of rat kidney adenylate cyclase. PMID- 7351872 TI - Selective effects of thiazide therapy on serum 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and intestinal calcium absorption in renal and absorptive hypercalciurias. AB - The effect of long-term thiazide therapy (hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg twice/day) on intestinal calcium (Ca) absorption and serum 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1 alpha,25-(OH)2D] concentration was examined in 10 patients with renal hypercalciuria (RH), many of whom had hyperabsorption of Ca, and in 11 cases of absorptive hypercalciuria (AH), all of whom had intestinal hyperabsorption of Ca. In patients with RH, the intestinal Ca absorption decreased significantly during thiazide therapy (mean treatment period of 15 mo) from 0.68 +/- 0.09 SD to 0.56 +/- 0.10 (p less than 0.01), commensurate with the "correction" of the renal leak of Ca and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Furthermore, serum 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D decreased significantly from 5.2 +/- 2.2 SD ng/dl to 3.7 +/- 0.8 ng/dl (p less than 0.025) during thiazide therapy. In patients with AH, the intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium persisted during thiazide treatment (0.69 +/- 0.07 versus 0.69 +/- 0.06), despite restoration of normal urinary Ca. Serum 1 alpha,25 (OH)2D was virtually unchanged during treatment (4.5 +/- 1.4 ng/dl versus 4.7 +/- 0.9 ng/dl). The results support the hypothesis that the intestinal hyperabsorption of Ca in RH is a result of increased serum concentration of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D secondary to the hyperparathyroid state, while that in AH may not be totally dependent on increased concentrations of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D. PMID- 7351873 TI - Oral contraceptives raise the cholesterol saturation of bile by increasing biliary cholesterol secretion. AB - To discover the mechanism by which oral contraceptives increase the level of cholesterol saturation of human bile, we measured biliary lipid secretion rates, gallbladder and hepatic bile lipid composition, bile acid pool size, bile acid composition, and plasma lipoprotein levels in five healthy women during routine oral contraceptive treatment and again during normal menstrual cycles on no medication. The molar percent cholesterol in both gallbladder and hepatic bile was higher in every subject while taking oral contraceptives (p less than .02). Oral contraceptive usage was accompanied by a significant enhancement of biliary cholesterol secretion (65 versus 46 mg/hr, p less than .01), but there was no significant change in bile acid or phospholipid secretion, total bile acid pool size, or bile acid composition. These findings indicate that oral contraceptive usage increases biliary cholesterol secretion, thereby raising the level of cholesterol saturation of bile and predisposing to cholesterol precipitation and gallstone formation. PMID- 7351874 TI - The role of fractional glucose extraction in the regulation of splanchnic glucose metabolism in normal and diabetic man. PMID- 7351875 TI - Serum lipids in soccer and ice-hockey players. AB - The concentrations of serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, and free fatty acids of Finnish top-class football and ice-hockey players were determined during different training programs and the results were compared with those of a control group. The serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol were increased to those football players having more aerobic exercise in their training program. The concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and the HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol ratio were lowest in the ice-hockey players, whose training is more anaerobic. There were no significant differences of serum triglyceride levels in different groups. The serum concentrations of fatty acids were highest in control group and lowest in ice-hockey and football teams during the active playing season. The differences of serum lipids seem thus to be in connection with the kinds of sport that differ in their energy metabolism requirements. This may be of importance when judging the benefit of exercise on the prophylaxis of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7351876 TI - Transport interactions of cystine and dibasic amino acids in isolated rat renal tubules. AB - Isolated renal cortical tubules prepared from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to study the nature of cystine entry into tubule cells and its transport interactions with dibastic amino acids. The uptake of cystine over time was progressive, reaching a steady-state after 60 min of incubation. Analysis of the intracellular pool after incubation revealed that a significant fraction of the transported cystine was reduced to cysteine. A kinetic analysis of uptake demonstrated that two systems for cellular entry of cystine existed with a Km1 of 0.012 mM and Km2 of 0.55 mM. Cystine uptake was sodium dependent with an apparent Km for sodium of 36 mEq/liter. Lysine inhibited cystine uptake via the low Km system, but appeared not to inhibit cystine uptake via the high Km system. Ornithine, leucine, and isoleucine each inhibited cystine uptake via the low Km system. Arginine appeared to affect both systems for cystine uptake. Cystine inhibited the uptake of lysine by isolated renal tubules. The data suggest that cystine at physiologic concentrations is transported into renal tubule cells nearly equally by two systems, of which, the low Km system is shared with the dibasic amino acids. A defective low Km system could in part explain human cystinuria. PMID- 7351877 TI - Comparison of glucose, fructose, sorbitol, and xylitol utilization in humans during insulin suppression. AB - During fructose, sorbitol, and xylitol perfusions, carbohydrate utilization was studied by continuous indirect calorimetry and compared with glucose utilization during pharmacologic inhibition of endogenous insulin secretion. The experiment was performed in 28 normal volunteers divided into 5 groups (glucose, fructose, sorbitol, xylitol, and saline), each subject being its own control. Insulin suppression was obtained by means of a constant infusion of epinephrine (6 microgram/min) and propranolol (0.08 mg/min). After 90 min, during plasma insulin steady state, each sugar or polyol was infused at a rate of 6 mg/kg/min for 120 min. In contrast with a rise in plasma glucose from 161 +/- 6 mg/dl) to 291 +/- 14 mg/dl during glucose infusion, glucose levels remained unchanged during infusion of the glucose substitutes. Carbohydrate oxidation showed a rise of 24, 65, 76, and 44 mg/min during infusions of glucose, fructose, sorbitol, and xylitol, respectively. Lipid oxidation rates decreased by 7, 20, 33, and 23 mg/min during the same infusions. These results indicate that fructose, sorbitol, and xylitol are oxidized at a higher rate than glucose during suppression of endogenous insulin secretion, without any significant rise in glycemia. PMID- 7351878 TI - Isolated testes perfusion: a method using a cell- and protein-free perfusate useful for the evaluation of potential drug and/or metabolic injury. AB - A method is described by which the testes and left kidney of the rat can be isolated, maintained, and selectively perfused in vitro to examine the effect of potential gonadal toxins. The integrity of the system was confirmed by demonstrating appropriate increases in steroid (testosterone and estradiol) production and secretion in response to stimulation with chorionic gonadotropin; maintenance of testicular ATP levels; and failure to observe an increase in perfusate concentration of transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase over 2 hr of perfusion. After such confirmation, the effect of two potential gonadal toxins, ethanol and acetaldehyde, at levels commonly found in the plasma of men who abuse alcohol, was evaluated using the system. Both of these substances significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced the testosterone production and secretory response of the isolated perfused testes. The advantages of such a system are that the effect of specific potential toxins independent of hepatic metabolism and/or hypothalamic-pituitary suppression by such substances can be identified and examined in a system free of extragonadal metabolism. PMID- 7351880 TI - Medical informatics -- fiction or reality? PMID- 7351879 TI - Arterial-venous differences of plasma catecholamines in man. AB - To investigate the relationship between forearm venous levels of catecholamines and systemic levels, simultaneous arterial and forearm vein blood samples were obtained from 14 subjects undergoing elective dental procedures and assayed with a sensitive and specific radioenzymatic assay. Baseline venous levels of norepinephrine were greater than arterial levels (305 +/- 30 pg/ml versus 221 +/- 18; +/- SEM, p less than .005). Conversely, arterial epinephrine levels were higher than venous (132 +/- 17 pg/ml versus 80 +/- 10; p less than .005). There was a significant relationship between arterial and venous levels of both norepinephrine (r = .77, p less than .01) and epinephrine (r = .67, p less than .01). The arterial-venous epinephrine difference increased from the baseline value of 44 +/- 14 pg/ml to 108 +/- 16 (p less than .005) by 3 min after subcutaneous injection of epinephrine (18 microgram), but the arterial-venous difference returned to 65 +/- 24 by 5 min after injection (p = NS versus baseline). These findings indicate that under the conditions of this study, forearm tissues produced more norepinephrine than they removed, but removed more epinephrine than they produced. Baseline venous and arterial levels were related; when epinephrine production was augmented, there was a short time lag for the venous epinephrine increase. PMID- 7351881 TI - The information system of experimental pathology of the German Cancer Research Center. PMID- 7351882 TI - Long range medical follow-up and updating of computerized records. PMID- 7351883 TI - On the selectivity of the identification number in the patient data base of the Medical System Hannover. PMID- 7351885 TI - Application of circular statistics in pulmonary diseases by blood gas analysis. PMID- 7351884 TI - Data management in an epidemiological study: experiences from the Iowa 500 field follow-up and family study. PMID- 7351886 TI - Methodological limitations in the analysis of medical activities. PMID- 7351887 TI - Artificial sweeteners and cancer of the lower urinary tract. AB - We evaluated the relation between cancer of the lower urinary tract and the use of artificial sweeteners in a case-control study of 592 patients with lower urinary-tract cancer (94 per cent of whom had a bladder tumor) and 536 controls chosen from the general population of the study area. A history of use or artificial sweeteners and exposure to other known or suspected risk factors was determined by interview. In those who had used dietetic beverages and in those who had used sugar substitutes, the relative risk of lower-urinary-tract cancer was estimated as 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2, 95 per cent confidence interval), as compared with 1 in nonusers of artificial sweeteners. Among men, the relative risk was 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1) in those who had used dietetic beverages and 0.8 (0.5 to 1.1) in those who had used sugar substitutes. Among women, the corresponding relative risks were 1.6 (0.9 to 2.7) and 1.5 (0.9 to 2.6). Increasing frequency of duration of use of artificial sweeteners was not consistently associated with increasing relative risk. This study suggests that, as a group, users of artificial sweeteners have little or no excess risks of cancer of the lower urinary tract. PMID- 7351888 TI - Replacement therapy in hereditary angioedema: successful treatment of acute episodes of angioedema with partly purified C1 inhibitor. AB - Although considerable progress has been made during the past two decades in the use of androgens to prevent attacks of hereditary angioedema, replacement of the deficient C1-inhibitor protein would provide a useful menas of treatment once an attack has begun. We studied the clinical use of C1 inhibitor that was partly purified on a large scale from pooled plasma. The in vivo efficacy and safety of this protein concentrate were evaluated during 11 intravenous infusions in eight patients with hereditary angioedema. Three patients received the C1-inhibitor preparation during an asymptomatic period. Increases in serum C4 activity provided evidence of the biologic activity of the infused inhibitor. Intravenous administration of the concentrate during acute abdominal or laryngeal attacks of hereditary angioedema in five patients resulted in abatement of symptoms in addition to increased serum C4 activity. No untoward effects of the intravenous administration of the C1 inhibitor were observed in these eight patients. Thus, this C1-inhibitor preparation seems to offer the potential for safe, effective replacement therapy and may provide a means of controlling an attack of hereditary angioedema that is in progress. PMID- 7351889 TI - Uremic cardiomyopathy--effect of hemodialysis on left ventricular function in end stage renal failure. AB - Left ventricular ejection fraction was measured by radionuclide left ventriculography before and immediately after hemodialysis in 20 uremic patients, 11 of whom presented with congestive heart failure. Ejection fraction and contraction were normal in 15 patients (Group A), six of whom had signs of congestive failure; they were abnormal in five patients (Group B), all of whom were in clinical heart failure. Mean arterial pressure and body weight decreased by a similar amount after dialysis in both groups, and heart rate did not change. In Group A ejection fraction was unchanged by dialysis (0.63 +/- before vs. 0.62 +/- 0.09 after) (mean +/- S.D.), but in Group B it was improved significantly (0.32 +/- 0.04 before vs. 0.44 0.08 after) (P less than 0.01). In three patients in Group B cardiomegaly and ejection fraction returned to normal with long-term hemodialysis. In end-state renal failure, radionuclide left ventriculography can separate patients with circulatory congestion due to fluid overload from patients with left ventricular dysfunction in whom hemodialysis can provide immediate and long-term improvement. PMID- 7351890 TI - Incidence of endometrial cancer in relation to the use of oral contraceptives. AB - Female residents of King and Ierce Counties in the state of Washington in whom endometrial cancer was diagnosed during 1975--77 were interviewed concerning prior use of oral contraceptives. Their responses were compared with those of a random sample of women from the same population. Women who had taken Oracon (0.1 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 25 mg of dimethisterone) were estimated to have a risk of endometrial cancer 7.3 times that of other women (P = 0.007). This elevation in risk was not seen in users of other sequential preparations. Women who had used combined oral contraceptives had only 50 per cent of the incidence of endometrial cancer of nonusers (P = 0.05), although the protective effect was not evident among those who subsequently took menopausal estrogens for more than two years. These associations suggest that development of neoplasia in the endometrium can be extremely sensitive to hormonal factors: if an oral contraceptive, like Oracon, emphasizes the estrogenic component, promotion of cancer can result; if like combined preparations, the contraceptive emphasizes the progestational component, protection against cancer can result. PMID- 7351891 TI - God and the doctor. PMID- 7351892 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 9-1980. PMID- 7351893 TI - Saccharin--bitter aftertaste? PMID- 7351895 TI - Sounding Board. The Medical Sciences Knowledge Profile Examination: Are the first two years of medical school really necessary? PMID- 7351894 TI - Oral contraceptives and endometrial cancer. PMID- 7351897 TI - Hepatitis after frozen or washed red cells. PMID- 7351898 TI - Hepatitis after frozen or washed red cells. PMID- 7351896 TI - Nutrition intervention in the community -- the "WIC" program. PMID- 7351899 TI - Hepatitis after frozen or washed red cells. PMID- 7351901 TI - Pseudohypoxemia due to leukemia and thrombocytosis. PMID- 7351900 TI - Localization of parathyroid tumors by ultrasonography. PMID- 7351902 TI - Pseudohypoxemia due to leukemia and thrombocytosis. PMID- 7351903 TI - Pseudohypoxemia due to leukemia and thrombocytosis. PMID- 7351904 TI - Manganese and hepatic cholesterol. PMID- 7351905 TI - Ventricular resection guided by epicardial and endocardial mapping for treatment of recurrent ventricular tachycardia. AB - Recurrent, medically refractory ventricular tachycardia is usually associated with ventricular aneurysms after myocardial infarction, but aneurysmectomy alone has not been consistently effective in abolishing this dangerous arrhythmia. Therefore, we have used endocardial and epicardial mapping during induced ventricular tachycardia in 30 consecutive patients to identify the probable site where arrhythmia originated in the endocardial tissue. Complete resection of the site was possible in 27 patients, and partial resection in three. In addition aneurysmectomy was performed in 27 patients, and coronary-bypass grafting in 21. There were two operative and three late nonarrhythmic deaths. None of the 25 surviving patients have had ventricular tachycardia during follow-up of four to 28 months; three patients, who had incomplete resections, have required antiarrhythmic drugs. We conclude that surgical therapy of recurrent ventricular tachycardia can be improved through identification of the endocardial origin of the arrhythmia followed by appropriately guided resection. PMID- 7351906 TI - Effect of fluid administration on the development of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus and congestive heart failure in premature infants. AB - We studied 170 premature infants with birth weights between 751 and 2000 g in a randomized sequential trial comparing "high" and "low" volumes of fluid intake. Beginning on the third day of life, the low-volume group received only enough water to meet average estimated requirements, and the high-volume group received an excess of at least 20 ml per kilogram of body weight per day (mean excess, 47 ml per kilogram per day). Sequential analysis showed that the risk of patent ductus arteriosus with congestive heart failure was greater in infants receiving the high-volume regimen. Thirty-five of 85 infants in the high-volume group acquired murmurs consistent with patent ductus arteriosus, and 11 of these 35 had congestive heart failure. Only nine of 85 infants in the low-volume group had murmurs consistent with patent ductus arteriosus, and two of these nine had congestive heart failure. More cases of necrotizing enterocolitis also occurred in the high-volume group. We conclude that limitation of fluid intake to amounts estimated to meet requirements for excretion, insensible loss, and growth can reduce the risks of patent ductus arteriosus and congestive heart failure in premature infants. PMID- 7351907 TI - Release of mast-cell mediators and alterations in lung function in patients with cholinergic urticaria. AB - Cholinergic urticaria was elicited in seven subjects by experimental challenge that consisted of running on a treadmill in a plastic occlusive suit. A sensation of generalized warmth of the skin was followed by pruritus, erythema, urticaria, and transient respiratory-tract symptoms consisting of shortness of breath or wheezing or both. Statistically significant falls in one-second forced-expiratory volumes (FEV1), maximal midexpiratory flow rates (MMF), and specific conductance (SGaw) and a rise in residual volume were detected. The serum histamine concentration rose, with an augmentation of eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic activities. Gel-filtration chromatography showed that the eosinophil chemotactic activity consisted of at least two principles. The chemotactic activities are similar in magnitude to those recognized in other skin disorders dependent on mast cells. These observations extend to the lungs the manifestations of a condition previously thought to be restricted to the skin. PMID- 7351909 TI - Congestive heart failure caused by oral disopyramide. PMID- 7351908 TI - Fertility and outcome of pregnancy in women exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol. AB - Fertility and outcome of pregnancy were examined in women participating in the National Cooperative Diethylstilbestrol Adenosis (DESAD) Project. We compared 618 subjects who had prenatal exposure to DES with 618 control subjects. Fertility, measured in terms of pregnancies achieved, did not differ between the women exposed to DES and the controls. An increased risk of unfavorable outcome of pregnancy was associated with DES exposure (the relative risk of any unfavorable outcome of pregnancy was 1.69; P less than 0.001). Speculation on biologic mechanisms that might produce this difference is premature, since additional data about these subjects must be collected. Among DES-exposed women who became pregnant, 81 per cent had at least one full-term live birth. PMID- 7351910 TI - Allergy to tobacco: an occupational hazard. PMID- 7351912 TI - Surgery for intractable ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 7351911 TI - Law-medicine notes. Laetrile for the terminally ill: Supreme Court stops the nonsense. PMID- 7351913 TI - Coitus and amniotic-fluid infections. PMID- 7351914 TI - Contraceptive-induced cystitis. PMID- 7351916 TI - Pertussis vaccine--benefits and risks. PMID- 7351915 TI - Biologic concomitants of alcoholism. PMID- 7351917 TI - Treatment of membranous nephropathy. PMID- 7351920 TI - Streamlining military medicine. PMID- 7351918 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 7351919 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 7351921 TI - More Medspeak. PMID- 7351922 TI - Streamlining military medicine. PMID- 7351923 TI - The Ph.D. to M.D. program. PMID- 7351924 TI - To grade or not to grade. PMID- 7351925 TI - Drugs of limited commercial value. PMID- 7351926 TI - Relation of diet to high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in middle-aged marathon runners, joggers, and inactive men. AB - We investigated the effect of diet on high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in 59 healthy middle-aged marathon runners, 85 joggers, and 74 inactive men. Marathon runners and joggers reported eating less red meat (P less than 0.0001), bacon (P less than 0.05), and sausage (P less than 0.01) than did the inactive men, although meat consumption was not significantly correlated with HDL. Results suggest that HDL differences (marathon runners, 65 mg per deciliter; joggers, 58 mg per deciliter; inactive men, 43 mg per deciliter) among the three groups were primarily the result of distance run, not dietary factors. Distance run was also the best predictor of the HDL:total cholesterol ratio and of total cholesterol (a negative correlation), and it was second only to weight in predicting triglyceride levels. PMID- 7351928 TI - An outbreak of Legionnaires' disease associated with a contaminated air conditioning cooling tower. AB - In August and September 1978, an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease occurred in Memphis, Tennessee. Of the 44 ill, 39 had been either patients, employees, visitors, or passers-by at one Memphis hospital (Hospital A) during the 10 days before. Assuming an incubation period of between two and 10 days, the onset of cases correlated precisely with the use of Hospital A's auxiliary air conditioning cooling tower. L. pneumophila was recovered from two samples of water from the tower. Infection appeared to have occurred both outside and within the hospital. A significant association was demonstrated between acquisition of Legionnaires' disease and prior hospitalization in those areas of Hospital A that received ventilating air from air intakes near the auxiliary cooling tower. Tracer-smoke studies indicated that contaminated aerosols from the tower could easily reach these air intakes, as well as the street below, where four passers by had been before they contracted Legionnaires' disease. This represents a common-source outbreak in which the source of L. pneumophila infection and airborne transmission were identified. PMID- 7351927 TI - Effects of pregnancy and contraceptive steroids on gallbladder function. AB - We used real-time ultrasonography to study gallbladder kinetics in 11 nonpregnant women, 17 women using steroid contraceptives, and 33 pregnant women. Gallbladder volume was determined after an overnight fast and serially for 90 minutes after a standard liquid meal. After the first trimester of pregnancy, gallbladder volume during fasting and residual volume after contraction were twice as large as in control subjects. The rate of emptying and the percentage emptied were reduced. In early pregnancy the only important abnormality was a 30 per cent decrease in emptying rate. Gallbladder function was not affected by contraceptive steroids. Incomplete empyting of the gallbladder in late pregnancy leaves a large residual volume and may cause retention of cholesterol crystals, a prerequisite for cholesterol-gallstone formation. These findings are consistent with the view that pregnancy increases the risk of cholesterol gallstones. The increased incidence of gallstones associated with contraceptive steroids does not involve abnormal gallbladder kinetics. PMID- 7351929 TI - Drug therapy: butorphanol. PMID- 7351930 TI - Capillary microaneurysms in the human diabetic heart. PMID- 7351931 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 6-1980. PMID- 7351932 TI - Metabolic memory. PMID- 7351933 TI - The sluggish gallbladder of pregnancy. PMID- 7351934 TI - Vascular complications in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7351935 TI - HLA in juvenile diabetes. PMID- 7351936 TI - HLA in juvenile diabetes. PMID- 7351938 TI - Behcet's syndrome. PMID- 7351937 TI - Behcet's syndrome. PMID- 7351939 TI - Catecholamines in pheochromocytoma. PMID- 7351940 TI - Catecholamines in pheochromocytoma. PMID- 7351941 TI - Expressions of probability: words and numbers. PMID- 7351942 TI - Recertification: will we retreat? PMID- 7351943 TI - Recertification: will we retreat? PMID- 7351944 TI - Recertification: will we retreat? PMID- 7351945 TI - Recertification: will we retreat? PMID- 7351947 TI - Recertification: will we retreat? PMID- 7351946 TI - Recertification: will we retreat? PMID- 7351948 TI - Medical education. PMID- 7351949 TI - Medical education. PMID- 7351950 TI - The importance of circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria and renal-stone formation in primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - Fifty patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were studied with an oral calcium tolerance test, measurements of plasma levels of vitamin D metabolites, and determination of calcium excretion on both a low-normal (400 mg) and high-normal (1000 mg) calcium intake. There were strong positive correlations between plasma levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) and both the calciuric response to the calcium-tolerance test (r = +0.75, P less than 0.001) and calcium excretion on the 1000-mg calcium diet (r = +0.65, P less than 0.001). The patients were classified into two subpopulations: 30 patients showed hyperabsorption with the calcium-tolerance test, striking hypercalciuria, marked elevations in plasma 1,25(OH)2D, and a high incidence (19 of 30 patients) of renal stones; 20 patients had a normal response to the tolerance test, normocalciuria, normal or high normal plasma 1,25(OH)2D, and a low incidence of stones (three of 20 patients). The findings emphasize the importance of circulating 1,25(OH)2D in the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria and stone formation in primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7351951 TI - Airborne transmission of chickenpox in a hospital. PMID- 7351952 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 7-1980. PMID- 7351953 TI - The prophylaxis of stress ulceration. PMID- 7351954 TI - Underdiagnosis of pulmonary asbestosis. PMID- 7351955 TI - Case 38-1979: Ethylene glycol poisoning. PMID- 7351956 TI - Case 38-1979: Ethylene glycol poisoning. PMID- 7351957 TI - Case 38-1979: Ethylene glycol poisoning. PMID- 7351958 TI - Case 37-1979: Thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 7351959 TI - False-positive "Hemoccult" reaction with cimetidine. PMID- 7351961 TI - CAT scanners and the cost of technology. PMID- 7351960 TI - Measuring aluminum levels. PMID- 7351962 TI - Mechanisms of myxedema formation. PMID- 7351963 TI - CAT scanners and the cost of technology. PMID- 7351964 TI - CAT scanners and the cost of technology. PMID- 7351965 TI - CAT scanners and the cost of technology. PMID- 7351966 TI - CAT scanners and the cost of technology. PMID- 7351967 TI - CAT scanners and the cost of technology. PMID- 7351968 TI - CAT scanners and the cost of technology. PMID- 7351969 TI - Handgun control. PMID- 7351970 TI - Handgun control. PMID- 7351971 TI - Occasional notes. Varus and valgus--no wonder they are confused. PMID- 7351972 TI - Nitrogen and sodium balance and sympathetic-nervous-system activity in obese subjects treated with a low-calorie protein or mixed diet. AB - Seven obese subjects were placed on a 400-kcal protein diet and on an isocaloric mixed diet (50 per cent protein and 50 per cent carbohydrate), three to 5 1/2 weeks for each diet. Despite twofold to fivefold increases in ketone levels in the blood and urine with the protein diet, net nitrogen balance was no different from that with the mixed diet (-2.1 +/- 0.9 vs. -2.6 +/- 0.4 g per day; mean +/- S.E.M.). However, net sodium loss with the protein diet (-382 +/- 117 mmol) was significantly greater than with the mixed diet (-25 +/- 105 mmol; P less than 0.02). Furthermore, maximal orthostatic decreases in systolic blood pressure with the protein diet (-28 +/- 3 mm Hg) were greater than with the mixed diet (-18 +/- 3 mm Hg; P less than 0.02) and were accompanied by symptoms of orthostatic hypotension in all patients. The protein diet (but not the mixed diet) also resulted in a 40 per cent decline in basal plasma levels of norepinephrine (P less than 0.01) and a failure of plasma norepinephrine to rise after two minutes of standing. We conclude that as compared with mixed diets, hypocaloric protein diets offer no advantage with respect to nitrogen metabolism but result in greater sodium depletion, a decrease in sympathetic-nervous-system activity, and the development of orthostatic hypotension. PMID- 7351974 TI - Ventilatory control in parents of victims of sudden-infant-death syndrome. AB - Since a defective ventilatory-control mechanism may have a role in the sudden infant-death syndrome (SIDS), and hereditary factors influence the degree of ventilatory drive, we measured ventilatory responsiveness to carbon dioxide with and without increased airway resistance in 12 parents of SIDS victims and 12 control parents matched for age and size. Ventilatory response (delta VI/delta PCO2) and "respiratory drive" (delta P100/delta PCO2) were measured both with and without added resistance to inspiratory flow. SIDS parents had significantly lower ventilatory response with added resistance (P less than 0.05) and without it (P less than 0.01) and significantly lower respiratory drive with added resistance (P less than 0.001) and without it (P less than 0.05). Control parents had significantly increased respiratory drive when the resistance was added (P less than 0.005), whereas SIDS parents did not. The data suggest that a low ventilatory response to carbon dioxide and a diminished compensatory response to increased airway resistance may increase a potential parent's risk of having a child susceptible to SIDS. PMID- 7351973 TI - Cerebral dysfunction in asymptomatic carriers of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. AB - We tested the hypothesis that female carriers of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency have cerebral dysfunction as a consequence of episodic hyperammonemia. Seven such carriers were identified by pedigree analysis and protein-tolerance testing. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale was used for evaluation. All IG scores were above 100, but in the protein-tolerant siblings, the full-scale and performance IQ scores were higher by 5.6 and 9.9 points, respectively (P less than 0.02). The absolute difference between the verbal and performance IQ scores was greater in the OTC carriers by 7.8 points (P less than 0.01). This study suggests that clinically asymptomatic carriers of OTC deficiency may have intellectual deficits, perhaps as a result of episodic hyperammonemia. PMID- 7351975 TI - Notes of a biology-watcher: on artificial intelligence. PMID- 7351976 TI - By the London Post. Patients first. PMID- 7351977 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercise. Case 8-1980. PMID- 7351978 TI - Genetic detection of cerebral dysfunction. PMID- 7351979 TI - Familial factors, ventilatory control, and sudden infant death. PMID- 7351980 TI - Cancer after metronidazole. PMID- 7351981 TI - Cancer after metronidazole. PMID- 7351983 TI - Case 42-1979: systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7351982 TI - Cancer after metronidazole. PMID- 7351984 TI - Case 42-1979: systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7351985 TI - Papillary hyperplasia or chronic pancreatitis? PMID- 7351986 TI - Exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 7351987 TI - Exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 7351988 TI - More on motion sickness. PMID- 7351989 TI - More on motion sickness. PMID- 7351990 TI - Amniocentesis for sex identification. PMID- 7351991 TI - Amniocentesis for sex identification. PMID- 7351992 TI - Amniocentesis for sex identification. PMID- 7351993 TI - Amniocentesis for sex identification. PMID- 7351994 TI - Amniocentesis for sex identification. PMID- 7351995 TI - Amniocentesis for sex identification. PMID- 7351996 TI - Amniocentesis for sex identification. PMID- 7351997 TI - Financing graduate medical education. PMID- 7351998 TI - Change in Swedish health care: what lessons for us? PMID- 7351999 TI - Moscow in January. PMID- 7352000 TI - Washington report. Nutrition: a long wait for a little advice. PMID- 7352001 TI - Health monitoring endangered at Seveso. PMID- 7352002 TI - Drug metabolising enzymes. PMID- 7352003 TI - Quantitative microlocation of lithium in the brain by a (n, alpha) nuclear reaction. PMID- 7352004 TI - Parasite-induced 'nonspecific' IgE does not protect against allergic reactions. PMID- 7352005 TI - Viral pathogenesis and resistance to defective interfering particles. PMID- 7352006 TI - 1H NMR study of valinomycin conformation in a phospholipid bilayer. AB - Our understanding of how ions pass across biological membranes has been greatly advanced by the study of small molecules which are capable of enhancing ion transport. The concepts of ion movement through channels or via mobile ion carriers have arisen from studies of model systems. However, direct probing at the molecular level of the process of ion movement in a membrane system has proved difficult. The electrical properties of black lipid membrane model systems do not provide information about the details of ionophore location or conformation. Spectroscopic methods which are suited for probing the details of ionophore conformation and the stoichometry of ion binding have been confined largely to organic solvent systems which are limited as models for biological membranes. We report here proton magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic studies which investigate valinomycin conformation and ion binding in small bilayer vesicles. PMID- 7352007 TI - Regulators loosen up on carcinogen standards. PMID- 7352008 TI - Registration proposed for private DNA research. PMID- 7352009 TI - Dioxin detection. PMID- 7352010 TI - Exposure to lead in childhood: the persisting effects. PMID- 7352011 TI - Body temperature, activity and energy costs. PMID- 7352012 TI - Distracting information, motor performance and sex differences. AB - It is often argued that, in general, men are superior to women in perceptual motor skills (for example, car driving). Extensive reviews of the relevant literature do not give convincing evidence of sex differences in manual dexterity or motor skills in general. However, in the studies reported here, variables have been isolated which demonstrate that sex differences do exist in two perceptual motor tasks. These studies showed that females are adversely affected by irrelevant stimuli while performing tasks permitting freedom in movements but perform as well as males when the movement is stereotyped. PMID- 7352013 TI - Feeding behaviour of tsetse flies infected with salivarian trypanosomes. AB - Although much is known about factors which determine infection rates of salivarian trypanosomes (subgenera Nannomonas, Duttonella and Tryanozoon) in the tsetse fly Glossina, it is not clear why infection rates of Trypanozoon are high in mammalian hosts but low in wild-caught Glossina and why trypanosomiasis occurs where Glossina is not readily detectable. We report here that the feeding behaviour of trypanosome-infected Glossina differed from that of uninfected control flies. Infected flies probed more frequently and fed more voraciously. We describe a specific relationship between trypanosomes and the mechanoreceptors responsible for detecting the rate of blood flow, and show how infection affects that rate in the labrum. We suggest that the observed differences in feeding behaviour result from impaired function of the labral mechanoreceptors in infected Glossina. PMID- 7352014 TI - Cigarette smoke-induced DNA damage and lung cancer risks. AB - Epidemiological studies have firmly established that cigarette smoking causes almost all cases of anaplastic and squamous cell bronchial carcinomas. It is equally well known, however, that many smokers do not develop lung cancer and, although the amount of tobacco smoked is undoubtedly, the dominant risk factor, it seems possible that other factors may also be involved. There is increasing evidence to support Boveri's old hypothesis that somatic mutation is an important event in the development of cancer and we have recently shown that cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) produces many dose-related lesions in the cellular DNA of cultured human lymphocytes as measured by sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction. Cytogenetic studies had previously shown an increase in chromosomal aberrations in blood lymphocytes of heavy smokers relative to non-smokers, but little or no increase in SCEs. We have now measured basal and CSC-induced SCE rates in lymphocytes from different individuals and report that smokers have higher rates than non-smokers and that smokers with untreated lung cancer have consistently higher rates than their matched heavy smoking controls. These results are in keeping with the somatic mutational hypothesis and the epidemiological evidence, but also raise questions related to difficulties in smoking dosimetry and to possible variation among different individuals' responses to a common insult. PMID- 7352015 TI - Peptide-containing neurones connect the two ganglionated plexuses of the enteric nervous system. AB - The enteric nervous system (ENS) of the mammalian gut consists principally of two ganglionated plexuses, the myenteric and submucous, which are embedded in the gut wall. Little is known about the anatomical and functional connections between the two plexuses and further clarification of their relationship is of central importance for the understanding of the ENS. In the present study we have approached this problem in a new way, using methods we have previously developed for maintaining the myenteric and submucous plexuses separately in vitro for several weeks. In an immunohistochemical study of these preparations and also of sections from normal and extrinsically denervated gut wall, we have found evidence for reciprocal projections between the myenteric and submucous plexuses, by nerve fibres containing two putative neurotransmitters, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P (ref. 5) (see Fig. 1). Our observations were supported by radioimmunoassay of tissue extracts. These results suggest that one of the roles of these peptides in the gut is to coordinate the function of the two enteric plexuses. PMID- 7352016 TI - Substance P increases membrane conductance in parotid acinar cells. AB - Substance P, a naturally occuring polypeptide of mammalian origin, has been implicated both as a neurotransmitter and a neurohormone. However, little is known of the ionic mechanisms underlying the postsynaptic response to substance P. In myenteric neurones Katayama and North reported substance P-evoked depolarisations (of varying latency) associated, surprisingly, with a decrease in membrane conductance. A direct measurement of reversal potential in normal ionic conditions was not achieved but it was suggested that substance P acts by reducing membrane potassium conductance. In contrast, work on salivary glands suggests that substance P evokes an increase in potassium conductance; however,electrophysiological work has not been carried out to verify this. We report here that substance P evokes a marked increase in rat parotid acinar cell membrane conductance associated with a potential change (latency 1.7 s) that reverses at about --65 mV. The reversal potential for substance P is shown to be identical to that obtained in the same cells for acetylcholine (ACh) and adrenaline. The identical membrane action of ACh, adrenaline and substance P, mediated by three separate receptor sites, suggests activation of a common effector mechanism. PMID- 7352017 TI - Immune and virus-induced interferons may activate cells by different derepressional mechanisms. AB - Virus-induced interferon (VIF), and immune interferon (IIF) produced by lymphocytes following activation by various mitogens (phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A, staphlococcal enterotoxin A) or by specific antigenic stimulation (tuberculin, bacterial toxoids, and viral antigens) show important functional differences. These include different antitumour and immunoregulatory activities and differential inhibition of activity by mercaptoethanol. Another important difference has recently been shown: cells treated with IIF acquire the antiviral state much more slowly than those treated with VIF. This may be due to (1) difference in cellular receptors, (2) presence of an inhibitor of antiviral activity in the IIF preparations, or (3) a different mechanism of activation of the antiviral state by the two types of interferon. The first two hypotheses seem unlikely, since (1) no difference between cell association by the two types of interferon has been detected, and (2) the presence of the slow acting IIF preparation did not inhibit the rapid activation by VIF. The present study shows that the different kinetics of induction of the antiviral state result from a major difference in the mechanism by which IIF and VIF activate cells. PMID- 7352018 TI - Common pathways of interferon and hormonal action. AB - The action of interferon as well as polypeptide hormones has been shown to be transmissible between cells, possibly through gap-junctional transfer of secondary messenger molecules. This and other similarities between interferon and polypeptide hormones have led us to propose that there is a common cellular pathway of interferon and hormonal action. If correct, this hypothesis would predict that interferon should cause a species-specific hormonal response and a hormone should induce tissue-specific antiviral activity. If these two responses are mediated by similar secondary messengers, they should be transmissible and cross-activate cells. Here, we show that interferon caused a species-specific hormonal response (noradrenaline-like stimulation of the beat frequency of cultured mouse myocardial cells). Noradrenaline induced an interferon-like antiviral state in mouse myocardial cells but not human amnion (WISH) cells. In conditions which demonstrate interferon-induced transfer of viral resistance, exposure of co-cultures of mouse myocardial cells and WISH cells to either human interferon or noradrenaline caused an increased beat frequency in the myocardial cells and development of antiviral activity in WISH cells, respectively. These studies strongly suggest common pathways of interferon and hormonal stimulation that are transmissible between cells. PMID- 7352019 TI - Cancers and the immune system. PMID- 7352020 TI - PCP dioxins found to pose health risks. PMID- 7352021 TI - The 'blueprint hypothesis' of axon guidance. PMID- 7352022 TI - Inbreeding among zoo animals. PMID- 7352023 TI - The mechanism of protein secretion across membranes. AB - Many secreted proteins are synthesised as a large precursor with an additional hydrophobic N-terminal signal sequence that is cleaved by a membrane-bound enzyme. The proteins are secreted as nascent chains. The work leading to the current models of protein secretion is reviewed and the value of bacterial systems in the study of protein transfer across membranes is stressed. PMID- 7352024 TI - Size constancy fails below half a degree. AB - Size constance is a term used to refer to the fact that objects seem to maintain size as their distance from an observer changes, despite change in image size. It is known that size constancy has limits. People seen from the top of tall buildings look small. By observing objects, including the Moon, and after-images, we demonstrate here that size constancy holds when image size is above half a degree, and breaks down when it is less. In other words, image size is scaled for distance only when image size is above half a degree. PMID- 7352025 TI - Intrinsic immunosuppressive activity of different trypanosome strains varies with parasite virulence. PMID- 7352026 TI - Biochemical basis for the continuous copulation of female Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Sexual dimorphism in blood flukes of the family Schistosomatidae is marked, and until the male clasps the female in the gynaecophoric canal the female cannot attain sexual maturity or migrate out of the liver. When previously-paired egg producing females are transferred to a new host without males, the vitelline cells necessary for egg production degenerate. By means of sensitive fluorographic analysis of electrophoresed polypeptides, we have now found molecular evidence of an obligatory continuous relationship between the sexes in Schistosoma mansoni. The male worm retains little of the protein it produces in greatest abundance, and this protein is electrophoretically identical to the most abundant protein found in, but not synthesised by, the female. PMID- 7352027 TI - The in vitro transmission frequency of the t6 allele. PMID- 7352028 TI - Evidence for a role of plasma kallikrein in the activation of prorenin. PMID- 7352029 TI - Multiple innervation of cerebellar Purkinje cells by climbing fibres in staggerer mutant mouse. PMID- 7352030 TI - Imidazole inhibits a temperature-dependent component of mammalial skeletal muscle action potential. AB - Temperature-dependent transition of conductance in ionic channels has been described in several membrane systems. We report here an abrupt change in the maximal rate of rise of the action potentials of the rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) at 32 degrees C, indicating alteration in the functional characteristics of the sodium channels. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) and imidazole were used to investigate further the change in properties of the sodium channels with respect to temperature. TTX is known for its specificity in blocking sodium channels. It has been proposed that the guanidinium group of the TTX molecule is essential for its activity. Other guanidinium compounds have also been shown to be effective in blocking the sodium channels. In this study, imidazole, a compound structurally similar to guanidine, was also tested. We find that TTX and imidazole affect the maximal rate of rise of the action potential in a temperature-dependent manner. PMID- 7352031 TI - Amino acids evoke short-latency membrane conductance increase in pancreatic acinar cells. AB - Sodium-gradient-driven amino acid transport is regarded as an important mechanism for cellular uptake in general as well as in pancreatic acini. Electrophysiological experiments in kidney tubules and intestine have revealed that amino acids can cause sodium-dependent membrane depolarisation. The mechanism of this depolarisation is unknown as it is uncertain whether the depolarisation is accompanied by a membrane conductance increase. The pancreatic acinar tissue would seem to be an ideal system for investigating the electrophysiological mechanism of action of amino acids because (1) the pancreas is the most active amino acid-accumulating tissue, (2) the basic electrophysiology of the pancreatic acinar cells is well characterised and (3) a direct comparison can be made in the same cells between the electrical actions of the pancreatic secretagogues and the amino acids. We now show that L-alanine evokes a stereospecific membrane depolarisation accompanied by an increase in membrane conductance and this this membrane effect has a much shorter latency than the secretagogue response. The null (equilibrium) potential for the amino acid-evoked potential change corresponds to the sodium equilibrium potential. PMID- 7352032 TI - Translation of globin messenger RNA by the mouse ovum. AB - It has been demonstrated that the Xenopus oocyte can translate rabbit haemoglobin messenger RNA (mRNA) following microinjection of the message into the cell. The Xenopus oocyte has since been shown to be capable of translating a variety of messenger RNAs from different species. This system has proved useful in un erstanding the mechanism of message translation and has also provided information about the translation capability of the Xenopus oocyte. Several other cell types, including HeLa cells and fibroblasts, can also translate exogenous message injected into the cell. However, there have been no reports of injection of mRNA into oocytes or fertilised one-cell ova of mammalian species. Nevertheless, the latter system could be of considerable use in studying the processing of exogenous messages in a mammalian system undergoing development, as well as providing insight into the way the early embryo processes injected messages and the protein products of such messages. We report here the results of injecting message into the fertilised one-cell mouse ovum and show that both mouse and rabbit globin mRNA are translated in this system. PMID- 7352033 TI - Histone H5 messenger RNA is polyadenylated. AB - In most known systems, histone mRNA lacks the poly(A) sequence at the 3' end of the molecule typical of most mRNAs. Furthermore, the synthesis of histones, unlike that of most proteins, is tightly coupled to DNA synthesis. Nevertheless, histone synthesis occurs in amphibian oocytes in the absence of DNA synthesis. Moreover, it has recently been found that in amphibian oocytes most of the histone mRNA is polyadenylated, and the polyadenylate is probably removed during maturation of the oocyte. Histone H5, an H1-like tissue-specific histone occurring only in nucleated erythrocytes, is also atypical in that it is synthesised in the absence of DNA synthesis during maturation of the red blood cells. We report here that H5 mRNA is polyadenylated. PMID- 7352034 TI - In vitro simulation of senescence-related membrane damage by ozone-induced lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7352035 TI - 1978 Nebraska maternal mortality review. PMID- 7352037 TI - Return my dignity. PMID- 7352036 TI - My specialty: nuclear medicine. PMID- 7352038 TI - Extrinsic distal colon obstruction. PMID- 7352039 TI - Blood pressure in terminal renal failure. Fluid spaces and the renin-angiotensin system. AB - Most of the 52 patients on maintenance dialysis investigated in this study suffered from arterial hypertension in spite of efforts to reduce 'dry weight'. In this situation we found that the majority of patients were underweight and that total body water, extracellular volume and blood volume were close to normal when related to reference systems consisting of height and age. Hypertensive patients were not volume expanded as compared to normotensive patients and controls. Plasma renin activity and angiotensin II were elevated in a few patients, with a trend to higher levels in the more hypertensive patients. Various approaches attempting to correlate blood pressure and the respective volume-renin factors did not prove to be conclusive in explaining the maintenance of hypertension in chronic renal failure on the basis of the sodium-renin feedback. PMID- 7352040 TI - Chronic hemodialysis in the anephric goat. AB - The Spanish brush goat (Capra hiricus) was studied as an animal model for the anephric state. This rugged animal has a hardy appetite and offers ready blood access for dialysis and sampling. BUN, plasma creatinine and potassium could be brought to normal values by daily hemodialysis. Continual weight loss, severe anemia and some tendency for the development of hypertension were observed despite dialysis. Maintenance of a healthy rumen proved a continual challenge but was possible by hyperalimentation and vigorous dialysis immediately postnephrectomy. PMID- 7352042 TI - Effect of indomethacin in two siblings with a renin-dependent hypertension, hyperaldosteronism and hypokalemia. AB - Two siblings are described with hypertension, hyperreninism, hyperaldosteronism and hypokalemia. Propranolol therapy lowered blood pressure markedly, but failed to normalize serum potassium. Indomethacin orally decreased blood pressure and normalized all biochemical abnormalities. We suggest that in these patients there exists a renin-dependent hypertension in combination with a state of hyperprostaglandinism. It is likely from our studies in these 2 patients, that the state of hyperprostaglandinism is secondary to a hypertension with increased sympathetic tone. PMID- 7352041 TI - Plasma amino acids in the anephric goat. PMID- 7352044 TI - Subdural haematoma associated with dural carcinomatosis in a patient with primary carcinoma of pancreas. AB - The authors describe a rare case of subdural haematoma in a patient with dural carcinomatosis associated with a primary carcinoma of the pancreas. The diagnosis of the intracranial lesion was established by carotid angiography and the patient was operated on but died 2 weeks after operation because of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. It is thought that the subdural fluid accumulation resulted from the occlusion of the dural capillaries with neoplastic cells with subsequent haemorrhages. PMID- 7352043 TI - [Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage from symptomless infratentorial tumours (author's transl)]. AB - Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage as the presenting symptom of a clinically asymptomatic medulloblastoma was observed ina 10-year-old boy. Four similar cases were published in the literature. Morphological characteristics of the tumour, aetiological factors of the haemorrhage and prognosis of the disease are discussed. Symptom-free tumours in the posterior fossa have to be considered as possible causes of subarachnoid haemorrhage unrelated to intracranial aneurysm or a-v malformation. PMID- 7352045 TI - Pre- and post-operative CT scans of an infant with an aneurysm of the vein of Galen--a case report. AB - A five-month-old male infant presented with hydrocephalus and an intracranial bruit due to an aneurysm of the vein of Galen. Preoperative CT scans demonstrated the aneurysm, associated blood vessles, and the degree of hydrocephalus present. At operation the arteries feeding the aneurysm were obliterated. Post-operative CT scans showed that the greater part of the aneurysm was filled with thrombus. Information provided by the post-operative CT scans made it unnecessary to repeat the angiographic examinations which are more difficult and hazardous to perform in infants than in older subjects. PMID- 7352047 TI - Timed 12-hour specimens in outpatient estriol monitoring. AB - Use of maternal urinary estriol excretion to monitor fetal status is often hampered by the difficulties of obtaining 24-hour specimens. Evidence is presented that timed, 12-hour overnight specimens may be substituted for the 24 hour specimens in certain patient groups. A simple non-refrigerated transport system which facilitates outpatient estriol monitoring is also described. PMID- 7352048 TI - Evaluation of 3-minute semiquantitative test kit for urinary estrogens of pregnant women. AB - A 3-minute rapid slide assay of total urinary estrogens is available for testing in pregnant women. This is a semiquantitative, immunologic competitive latex agglutination inhibition slide test, which is reported in levels (level 1: less than 5 mg/liter, level 2: greater than or equal to 5 mg/liter, level 3: greater than or equal to 10 mg/liter, level 4: greater than or equal to 20 mg/liter). With the use of this kit, the results of 100 samples of pregnancy urine were compared with the results from a chemical colorimetric assay procedure. There was 94% agreement between these 2 methods. There was no 2-step difference in grading. The probable future usefulness of this kit is described because of its rapidity and simplicity in testing. Its limitations are also discussed. PMID- 7352046 TI - [Estimation of the copper content of astrocytomas and glioblastomas by the cuproin method (author's transl)]. AB - The copper content of astrocytomas and glioblastomas was investigated by the cuproin-method. It could be shown, that the peritumoral tissue of glioblastomas contains more copper than the tumour tissue itself. In astrocytomas, on the other hand, more copper was detected in the central parts of the tumours. PMID- 7352049 TI - Pregnancy following uterine artery ligation. AB - Reported are 12 successful pregnancies occurring after bilateral uterine artery ligation for post-cesarean section hemorrhage. The patients remained normotensive throughout the pregnancy. There was no evidence of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) or other maternal or fetal problems. In the interim, menstrual irregularities or uterine problems were conspicuously absent. Three women required repeat ligation of the ascending branch of the uterine arteries. PMID- 7352050 TI - Evaluation of the 1977 CREOG in-training examination. AB - Questionnaires dealing with the 1977 in-training examination for residents in obstetrics and gynecology were sent to residency directors and residents. More than 70% were returned. Responses indicated a generally positive view of the examination, especially the multiple-choice questions (MCQs). There was strong support for the retention of patient management problems (PMPs) and feedback, but there was significant criticism of the format for feedback and the appropriateness of PMP options. Correlational analysis indicated that in evaluating the examination, residents emphasized the quality of the MCQs and feedback, while residency directors based their evaluation on a broader range of examination qualities. The analysis suggested that the questionnaire results were generally representative of the views of residency directors and residents. PMID- 7352052 TI - Management of acute and subacute puerperal inversion of the uterus. AB - Eighteen cases of acute and subacute puerperal inversion were studied to identify important predisposing factors and to assess management and postpartum morbidity. The study patients did not differ from case-matched controls in age, parity, duration of labor, type of delivery, or management of the third stage. The most common signs noted were hemorrhage (94%) and shock (39%). All inversions were recognized immediately and manually replaced within 60 minutes. Shock was treated prior to repositioning in all cases. Calculated blood loss averaged 1775 ml. There was no mortality nor febrile morbidity. The average hospital stay of the study patients and their case-matched controls was 3 days. Immediate recognition of uterine inversion and prompt initiation of therapy will ensure a normal postpartum course. PMID- 7352051 TI - Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata with endometrium. AB - A case of leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) is presented with the unique finding of occasional endometrial glands and stroma within smooth muscle nodules. The possible origins of this tissue are discussed in relation to the histogenesis and prognosis of LPD. PMID- 7352053 TI - Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata associated with pregnancy. AB - The first reported case in the English literature involving leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) and a subsequent pregnancy is presented. A review of the literature revealed only 8 previous cases-all of which were treated by tubal ligation or surgical castration. The patient in this report was 22 years of age at the time of diagnosis, the youngest age at which LPD is known to have occurred. The LPD was first noted at primary cesarean section, and 20 months later at a second cesarean section performed at 35 1/2 weeks' gestation, the LPD had advanced to a stage that suggested possible malignancy. All biopsy specimens were subsequently reported as benign LPD. PMID- 7352054 TI - Capillary hemangioma managed by the CO2 laser. AB - The case is presented of a young woman with a large cervical capillary hemangioma that was surgically removed with the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. A survey of the literature discloses 27 similar cases of hemangioma. A discussion of this form of surgical management as well as the physical characteristics of the CO2 laser is presented. PMID- 7352055 TI - Cecal volvulus following cesarean section. AB - Cecal volvulus following cesarean section is rare, with only 10 previous cases reported in the literature. Because of a rising cesarean section rate and the serious morbidity and mortality frequently associated with cecal volvulus, it is important for every practicing obstetrician to be aware of this complication. PMID- 7352056 TI - Female sterilization and subsequent ectopic pregnancy. AB - An 8-year retrospective study was conducted of the metropolitan Dayton, Ohio, area from January 1970 through December 1977. During this period of time there were 86,809 births and 721 tubal pregnancies. Thirty-three of the ectopic pregnancies were in patients who had previously undergone a tubal sterilization. The 7.4% rate (29 of 393) in the past 4 years indicates the increasing importance of previous sterilization as an etiologic agent in ectopic gestation. PMID- 7352057 TI - Estradiol and progesterone binding in uterine leiomyomata and in normal uterine tissues. AB - To explain the sensitivity of uterine leiomyomata to endogenous and exogenous estrogens, specific cytosol receptor proteins for estradiol-17 beta and progesterone were found in tissue from uterine leiomyomata and compared with the concentrations of receptors in normal myometrium and endometrium from the same patient. The concentration of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors in leiomyomata (40.5 +/- 7.6 cytoplasmic estrogen receptors in leiomyomata (40.5 +/- 7.6 fmole/mg cytosol proteins, mean +/- SEM) was significantly greater than that found in myometrium (16.5 +/- 1.5) and significantly less than that found in endometrium (131 +/- 15.1). The concentration in leiomyomata of cytoplasmic progesterone receptors (104.4 +/- 41.2 fmole/mg cytosol protein, mean +/- SEM) was also greater than that found in myometrium (80.8 +/- 29.9) and less than that of endometrium (194.7 +/- 5.5); however, individual variation precluded statistical significance. The presence of cytoplasmic receptor proteins in myomatous tissues explains the sensitivity of the leiomyoma to endogenous or exogenous steroids and may provide information useful in the clinical management of this neoplastic disorder. PMID- 7352058 TI - Impaired reproductive performance in DES-exposed women. AB - The reproductive history of 69 women with demonstrated diethylstilbestrol (DES) related cervical-vaginal abnormalities is reviewed. All of the patients were sexually active non-contraceptive users who were studied over an 8-year period. Forty-six patients conceived, for an uncorrected fertility rate of 66.7%. Fourteen patients elected therapeutic abortion. The 32 remaining patients had 62 pregnancies which resulted in 26 living children, for a success rate of 41.9%. However, cervical cerclage was required for continuation of 8 of these successful pregnancies. The 36 pregnancy failures consisted of 19 first- and 11 second trimester spontaneous abortions, 3 third-trimester losses due to permaturity, and 3 tubal pregnancies. Uterine abnormalities were found in all of the 25 patients who underwent hysterosalpingograms. Although other reproductive diseases unrelated to DES exposure in utero were also present in this select group of patients, it is probable that the high rate of infertility and pregnancy wastage is related to the uterine structural abnormalities encountered. PMID- 7352059 TI - Therapeutic implications of doxycycline and cephalothin concentrations in the female genital tract. AB - The pharmacokinetics of doxycycline and cephalothin in genital tissues and serum were evaluated in 38 patients undergoing hysterectomy. Antibiotic concentrations in the ovary, fallopian tube, myometrium, cervix, and endometrium were measured at varying intervals after antibiotic administration. Cephalothin concentrations in tissues were critically dependent on the time interval between preoperative antibiotic administration and removal of the genital tract tissues, whereas doxycycline concentrations in tissues were consistently reproducible in the time frame evaluated (1/2 to 4 1/2 hours after drug administration). Doxycycline endometrial concentrations were consistently higher than those measured elsewhere in the genital tract (P less than 0.05). These results are of importance in a reassessment of traditional approaches to antibiotic use in gynecologic surgery and in the management of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PMID- 7352060 TI - The sonolucent placenta in high-risk obstetrics. AB - Placental sonolucency has been reported to be a normal sonographic finding after 36 weeks' gestation. To further characterize this acoustic phenomenon, 15 placentas from previously scanned high-risk obstetric patients were studied in vitro. Placentas were obtained at delivery, and were washed, weighed, sonographically imaged in a water bath, x-rayed by xerography, and pathologically examined. Placental sonolucency occurred as early as 31 weeks' gestation and corresponded anatomically to cotyledons. The degree of septal calcification appeared to correlate best with the degree of sonolucency, and no unusual gross or microscopic placental features could be identified. Intrauterine growth retardation or intrauterine fetal death occurred in 8 of the 10 patients in whom there were sonolucent changes. PMID- 7352061 TI - Early pregnancy failure: study by ultrasonic and hormonal methods. AB - The value of ultrasonic and hormonal methods [plasma human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P)] was examined in 188 patients exhibiting different forms of early pregnancy failure. A negative ultrasonic result in the detection of fetal life signs after 9 weeks' gestation signified an unsuccessful outcome for the pregnancy in 100% of cases. On the other hand, the ultrasonic demonstration of fetal life predicted delivery in 90% of cases despite symptoms of threatened abortion. Pathologic levels of hCG or P signified a later miscarriage in 93% of cases, and their combination correlated with a 100% failure rate. In the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy the combined application of ultrasound and plasma hCG levels seemed to be very useful; however it appears that the detection of blighted ovum should be based on the ultrasonic scanning only. The results of the present study indicate that ultrasonic examination can be regarded as the basic diagnostic method in the evaluation of early pregnancy failure. The determination of plasma trophoblastic hormones (especially hCG) seems to add valuable information to the ultrasonic findings in the actual diagnosis and evaluation of the later course of pregnancy only until 9 weeks' gestation. PMID- 7352063 TI - Arterial anastomosis in the pregnant human uterus. AB - A plastic-cast technique was used to study the arterial vascular tree of the human uterus during pregnancy. The 3-dimensional models thus obtained revealed the organization, distribution, number, and diameter of the vessels. A vast ipsilateral and contralateral anastomotic network was evident throughout the uterus. The vascular structure reveals an increase in the size and degree of arborization of the arcuate arteries in and around the implantation site, which developed as a result of the increasing demand emanating from it. PMID- 7352064 TI - Clinical evaluation of a "short" supine pressor test for pregnancy-induced hypertension. AB - A modified supine pressor test was performed on 304 apparently normal primigravidas between 28 and 32 weeks' gestation. The blood pressure was measured with the patient first in lateral position and within 2 minutes thereafter in the supine position. Of those patients showing an increase of at least 20 mmHg in the diastolic blood pressure while in the supine position, 13 of 76 (17%) developed pregnancy-induced hypertension. Of those patients without an increase of at least 20 mmHg in the diastolic blood pressure, 33 of 228 (14%) became hypertensive. The results of this study do not substantiate the use of the "short" supine pressor test as an accurate predictor of pregnancy-induced hypertension. PMID- 7352065 TI - The late postpartum eclampsia controversy. AB - The diagnosis of late postpartum eclampsia remains controversial. Six cases thought to represent eclampsia occurring 3 or more days post partum are reported, as is a review of the pertinent literature. PMID- 7352062 TI - Enhanced Growth of amniotic fluid cells in presence of fibroblast growth factor. AB - A shorter period of time between amniocentesis and cytogenetic diagnosis is of considerable clinical usefulness. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), a potent mitogen for cells of mesodermal origin, was used to enhance the growth rate of primary cultures of amniotic fluid-derived cells. At the initial harvest and at 5 scored metaphases, culture dishes incubated with FGF showed a 9-day advantage as a group when compared with their untreated, paired controls. In addition, less variability was encountered in the growth time of the FGF-treated dishes; 97% of these treated dishes were harvested initially between 10 and 20 days, while only 48% of the control dishes were harvested initially during this time period. Success was also noted in the recovery of failing cultures. The addition of FGF to the standard enriched medium used in amniotic fluid cell cultures has shortened the processing time and provided a more uniform growth rate in the majority of cultures studied. PMID- 7352066 TI - Systolic time intervals in the nonasphyxiated fetus. AB - The preejection period (PEP) of the cardiac cycle of nonasphyxiated fetuses was evaluated to determine the range of normal to be expected during labor. Standard techniques using the filtered Doppler cardiogram and internally obtained fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) were used. It was demonstrated that the PEP is correlated, although poorly, with heart rate. There is no correlation with fetal weight. The variance from fetus to fetus is quite large. It is concluded that a single measurement of PEP may not be helpful in the determination of fetal hypoxia, since the range of normal varies widely. PMID- 7352067 TI - Incidence of hyperprolactinemia during oral contraceptive therapy. AB - A study was undertaken to determine the incidence of increased serum levels of human prolactin (hPRL) in women during oral contraceptive therapy, and to correlate this with both the dose of oral contraceptive medication and the duration of its use. The 123 patients in this study were divided into 3 groups according to the dosage of estrogenic component of the combined oral contraceptives. Thirty percent of these women had hyperprolactinemia of varying degree. Neither the dosage of steroids within our range nor the duration of therapy correlated with the presence or degree of hyperprolactinemia. The actions of estrogen-progestin compounds on hPRL are discussed. PMID- 7352068 TI - Neoplastic and non-neoplastic mesothelial proliferations in pelvic lymph nodes. AB - Knowledge of gland-like inclusions in pelvic lymph nodes has existed since 1897. The histogeneses proposed to explain such alterations have included congenital rests, endometriosis, metastatic neoplasia, and mesothelial metaplasia. The correct interpretation of the lymph node involvement is important in order to institute appropriate therapy. In the present study, there were 12 examples of benign mesothelial inclusions found in routine sections from pelvic lymph nodes removed in the treatment of 337 cases of gynecologic cancer. In an additional 4 cases, an intraabdominal neoplasm was present. The variations in the histologic patterns are described as is the clinical course of the disease. PMID- 7352069 TI - Pulsion enterocele: review of functional anatomy of the pelvic floor. AB - Pulsion enterocele has a well-deserved reputation as a difficult surgical problem; the multiplicity of suggested solutions attests to this. Until the functional anatomy of the pelvic floor is better understood, particularly the specific anatomic defects involved, planning of a rational surgical attack will remain elusive. Both the pelvic cellular tissues and the levator ani complex are involved in the genesis of the condition, and both require correction during any surgical procedure. The supporting effect of the levator complex and the positioning effect of the cellular tissues must be restored. PMID- 7352070 TI - Pulsion enterocele: long-term results of an abdominoperineal technique. AB - Surgical correction of large pulsion enterocele is a contentious subject and until a technique is founded upon proper anatomic facts, the arguments will continue. Pulsion enterocele follows changes in the pelvic cellular tissues and levator ani complex; both defects must be corrected. Synchronous abdominoperineal repair attends to both defects with accuracy, and in a healthy woman who wishes to regain normal vaginal function, it should be the procedure of choice. During the past 11 years, 66 patients, many of whom had been unsuccessfully treated by other techniques, have been managed with this procedure. Accurate follow-up has been possible in 60 patients, and of these women, 56 have been cured. PMID- 7352071 TI - Tampon-associated vaginal ulcerations. AB - Colposcopically visible alterations of the vaginal mucosa associated with the use of tampons have been identified. These include mucosal drying, epithelial layering, and microulcerations. The pathophysiology of these transient changes appears to involve fluid transfer with subsequent impairment of intercellular bridges and loss of cell coherence. Tampon products containing superabsorbents are significantly more likely to produce microulcerations than are conventional tampons when worn at times other than during active menstruation. Chronic production of these alterations could lead to clinically obvious lesions of the vagina, and should now be considered in the differential diagnosis of vaginal ulcers. PMID- 7352073 TI - Serum antibody response to Bacteroides fragilis in women with abscesses following hysterectomy. AB - To determine the role of Bacteroides fragilis in the development of infectious complications following hysterectomy, serum antibody to the capsular polysaccharide was measured with a radioactive antigen-binding assay in 53 women before and several days after surgery. Patients with postoperative abscess formation had a significantly greater mean increase in antibody concentration (4.91 micrograms/ml) than those without complications (0.62 micrograms/ml), those with wound infection (1.90 micrograms/ml), those with pelvic cellulitis (0.63 micrograms/ml), and those with febrile morbidity (0.95 micrograms/ml). There were no significant differences among the latter 4 groups. The authors conclude that B fragilis may play an important role in abscess formation following hysterectomy, but is infrequently involved in other infectious complications of this procedure. PMID- 7352072 TI - Plasma hormones in DES-exposed females. AB - Random blood samples were obtained from 114 women with history of diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure in utero and were analyzed for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), and progesterone (P) by respective radioimmunoassays. Colposcopic examinations of the lower genital tract and biopsies of suspicious areas of vaginal mucosa were performed in every patient. The mean age of these patients was 21.6 +/- 0.3 years (mean +/- SE) and mean age of menarche was 12.6 +/- 1.0 years. The incidence of irregular menses was 16.7%. A positive colposcopic finding was observed in 73.7% of all patients, 69.5% of patients with regular menses, and 94.7% of patients with irregular menses. Histologically confirmed vaginal adenosis was found in 43% of all patients, 46.3% of patients with regular menses, and 42.1% of patients with irregular menses. No significant differences were observed between DES-exposed versus unexposed females with regular menses in all hormones except testosterone. An elevated testosterone level was noted in postovulatory and perimenstrual phases of DES exposed females. Elevated testosterone was also observed in DES-exposed females with irregular menses. Cross-analysis of hormone levels among the patients with lower genital tract pathology failed to show any statistical differences. PMID- 7352074 TI - Infections following classical cesarean section. AB - A study was undertaken to evaluate the postoperative morbidity of classical cesarean section (CCS). Eighty-nine such procedures, performed between 1970 and 1977, were reviewed. All cases in which prophylactic antibiotics were used were excluded from the study. Forty-seven patients (53%) developed standard morbidity, and 46 patients (52%) had a clinical diagnosis of infection. Of these, 30 patients (34%) had endoparametritis, 5 patients (6%) had abdominal wound infection, and 11 patients (12%) had urinary tract or pulmonary infection. Two patients (2%) had pelvic thrombophlebitis, but no patient was found to have an abscess or pelvic hematoma. In comparison with matched patients who had a low cervical transverse cesarean section (LCTCS) performed during the same time, patients with a CCS had a comparable incidence of standard morbidity and operative site infection. These infections responded promptly to vigorous antibiotic therapy with no apparent increased risk of amjor postoperative complications in the population studied. PMID- 7352076 TI - Effect of fetal monitoring on cesarean section rates. AB - Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) and cesarean sections (CS) have been studied in 14,484 patients delivered between 1970 and 1975. The primary CS rate for those monitored was 107/1000, and for the unmonitored was 57/1000. Multivariate analysis of these data shows that most of the increase in CS rate associated with monitoring is attributable to inherent differences between monitored and unmonitored patients. Furthermore, the association between monitoring and CSs was not homogeneous among sub-groups. Cesarean sections were relatively less frequent in monitored nulliparas with malpresentation and more frequent in otherwise normal monitored multiparas. These opposing effects tended to balance each other. During the study period the primary CS rate rose from 4.3 to 11.2%. This increase was strong in unmonitored patients and was primarily due to operations undertaken for fetopelvic disproportion. We cannot therefore attribute much of the increasing CS rate at our hospital to fetal monitoring. PMID- 7352075 TI - Hemodynamic monitoring of cardiogenic pulmonary edema complicating toxemia of pregnancy. AB - Swan-Ganz catheters were used in the care of 3 toxemic parturients who developed pulmonary edema. Initial pulmonary capillary wedge pressures (PCWP) ranged from 22 to 33 torr, indicating decompensated left ventricular failure. Simultaneous central venous pressures were essentially normal. Isolated left ventricular dysfunction was primarily the result of increased afterload and responded to afterload reduction with arteriolar vasodilators. Continued measurement of PCWP permitted the titration of afterload reduction to the levels associated with normal ventricular filling pressures and volume. Since the relationship between right and left ventricular pressures may be disturbed in cardiogenic pulmonary edema, the Swan-Ganz catheter is the preferred method of hemodynamic monitoring in toxemic patients who develop cardiopulmonary dysfunction. PMID- 7352077 TI - Extraperitoneal cesarean section revisited. AB - A retrospective analysis was made of 186 consecutive primary cesarean sections performed on patients at high risk for infection to determine whether extraperitoneal cesarean section would have decreased the incidence of infections and other complications. Women who theoretically would have benefited most from extraperitoneal cesarean section were not candidates for the procedure because of technical reasons, while those who would have been candidates for the procedure did very well despite the fact that the procedure was not done. Except for somen with severe toxemia, prophylactic antibiotics markedly reduced febrile morbidity. A number of significant unsuspected pathologic conditions also would not have been diagnosed if the extraperitoneal cesarean section technique had been used. It is concluded that prophylactic antibiotics and intraperitoneal cesarean sections are the preferred techniques even for those women with apparent amnionitis. PMID- 7352078 TI - Maternal glucose tolerance during pregnancy with excessive size infants. AB - A study of maternal glucose tolerance conducted during 137 pregnancies in which the infant weighed 4540 g or more at birth revealed an increased incidence of hyperglycemia (20.4% P less than 0.01). Only when a birth weight of more than the 99th percentile was considered was a significant association with maternal hyperglycemia evident. However, 105 of the 137 patients (77%) had normal glucose tolerance, which indicated that hyperglycemia is not necessarily the cause of fetal overgrowth. When a woman delivers an infant with a birth weight of 4540 g or more, it cannot be assumed that she was a gestational diabetic. PMID- 7352079 TI - Diagnosis of fetal death in utero by real-time ultrasound. AB - The efficacy of real-time ultrasound for the diagnosis of fetal death or hydatidiform mole was evaluated during a 1-year period. During this time, 116 patients were referred to the obstetric ultrasound service for the confirmation of clinical diagnoses. In 24 of 46 patients (52%) presenting in the first half of pregnancy, the referring diagnosis was confirmed. In 1 case of an early intrauterine pregnancy with a degenerating myoma, the ultrasound diagnosis of molar pregnancy was in error. In 48 of 70 patients (69%) referred after 20 weeks' gestation, the clinical diagnosis was confirmed. In no instance was either a false-positive or false-negative diagnosis made with real-time ultrasound in the last half of pregnancy. This method should prove to be the method of choice in diagnosing intrauterine fetal death. PMID- 7352080 TI - Early fetal movement: a real-time ultrasound study. AB - A single-transducer mechanical sector scanner was used to examine the first trimester fetus. Fifty-six examinations of 31 patients demonstrated an orderly developmental progression of fetal activity beginning with beating of the fetal heart (7 weeks), progressing to fetal trunk movement (8 weeks), and culminating in individual fetal limb movement (9 weeks). The mechanical sector real-time scanner is capable of providing a high-resolution image of the first-trimester fetus and the earliest fetal movements. PMID- 7352082 TI - Decreased intervillous and unchanged myometrial blood flow in supine recumbency. AB - The supine position in late pregnancy is associated with many hemodynamic changes caused by compression of the inferior vena cava and a resulting fall in cardiac output. To investigate the effect of this position on uteroplacental blood flow, 22 women with normal (N = 12) or hypertensive (N = 10) pregnancy were investigated using the intravenous 133Xe washout method, in both the supine and left-tilted (45-degree) lateral positions. The intervillous blood flow (113 +/- 48 ml/min/dl) was lower in the supine position than in the left-tilted position (141 +/- 48 ml/min/dl) (P less than 0.01), while the myometrial blood flow was similar in both (9.0 +/- 3.3 ml/min/100 g in supine and 8.7 +/- 2.7 ml/min/100 g in left-tilted position). The results suggest that the autoregulation system for uteroplacental circulation is operative only in the nonplacental component of the pregnant uterus. PMID- 7352081 TI - Face presentation at term. AB - A retrospective study was conducted of 50,300 consecutive deliveries between July of 1973 and January of 1978. There were 40 instances of face presentation with gestational age greater than 36 weeks and fetal weight greater than 2500 g for an incidence of 1 per 1250 deliveries. Cesarean section was performed in 50% of cases. Spontaneous vaginal delivery occurred with mentum anterior presentation 88% of the time, with mentum transverse presentation 45% of the time, and with mentum posterior presentation 25% of the time. Fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring was available for review in 29 of the 38 (76%) live births. Internal techniques were used in 79% and external techniques in 21% of the cases. The FHR patterns were classified according to the predominant pattern seen in the first stage of labor. In 59% (17 of 29), variable decelerations were noted, and severe variable decelerations were present in 29% (8 of 29). Late decelerations were noted in 24% (7 of 29) of cases. Only 4 patients completed labor without variable or late decelerations. There were 38 live births and 2 stillbirths. Both of the stillborns were noted to have tight nuchal cords which were believed to be the cause of death. One death occurred intrapartum. Of the 38 live births, there were 14 (37%) with 1-minute Apgar scores of 6 or less and 5 (13%) with 5-minute Apgar scores less than 7. Four of the 5 low 5-minute Apgar scores occurred in babies with mentum posterior position. Of the 23 patients monitored by internal electrodes, no serious trauma was noted as a result of the electrode placement. PMID- 7352083 TI - Use of corticosteroids in pregnancy-induced hypertension. AB - The first study on the use of corticosteroids to accelerate fetal pulmonary maturity reported an increased risk of fetal death in pregnancies complicated by hypertension-edema-proteinuria syndromes. Since that publication the use of corticosteroids to acclerate fetal lung maturity in women who are preeclamptic has been of great concern. This study provides evidence that when continuous fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring is used, the use of corticosteroids to accelerate fetal lung maturity can be considered even in the presence of severe preeclampsia. PMID- 7352084 TI - Left ventricular size and function in women receiving oral contraceptives. AB - Echocardiography and systolic time-interval measurements were performed to assess left ventricular size and function in 15 women receiving oral contraceptives and in a control group. There was no significant difference in heart rate (78 +/- 9 verus 72 +/- 12 beats/min), blood pressure (116 +/- 8/72 +/- 7 versus 110 +/- 11/67 +/- 9 mmHg), left ventricular ejection time/preejection period (LVET/PEP) (0.31 +/- 0.05 versus 0.29 +/- 0.05), left ventricular internal dimension in diastrol (4.3 +/- 0.3 versus 4.3 +/- 0.5 cm) or systole (2.7 +/- 0.3 versus 2.6 +/- 0.4 cm), shortening fraction (0.37 +/- 0.05 versus 0.41 +/- 0.05), or mean normalized velocity of circumferential shortening (1.30 +/- 0.21 versus 1.31 +/- 0.23). Therefore, young, healthy women receiving oral contraceptives do not appear to be at increased risk with respect to abnormalities of ventricular volume or contraction. PMID- 7352085 TI - Intrauterine device termination rates and the menstrual cycle day of insertion. AB - World-wide clinicians apparently prefer to insert the intrauterine device (IUD) during the bleeding phase of the menstrual cycle. To examine the benefits and risks of inserting IUDs at various times during the menstrual cycle, data on over 9000 women having copper T-200 IUD insertions were analyzed. During the first 2 months after IUD insertion: 1) rates of IUD expulsion are lower the later in the menstrual cycle ;he IUD is inserted; 2) rates of IUD removal for pain and bleeding and rates of accidental pregnancy, are higher the later in the menstrual cycle IUD is inserted, particularly after day 17. The present analysis suggests that the above are probably causal associations. It is estimated that 1000 insertions before day 11 will result in 9 more terminations of IUD use for expulsion, pain and bleeding, and accidental pregnancy than if the insertions are done after day 11. Furthermore, the copper T-200 IUD can be inserted with relative safety on the day it is requested if the woman's history indicates that she is unlikely to be pregnant. There is no justification for a blanket policy of inserting IUDs only during the menses. PMID- 7352086 TI - Carcinoma in situ of the vulva. AB - Of 106 patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the vulva, 102 have been followed from 1 to 15 years. The average age of the patient was 47 years; however, 40% were under the age of 41. Twenty-seven percent had associated cervical malignancy. Only 4 patients developed invasive cancer. Of these, 2 were postmenopausal and the 2 younger patients had been immunosuppressed because of systemic disease; thus the subsequent invasive cancer. The incidence of recurrence was essentially the same whether the patient was treated by vulvectomy or wide local excision. In view of the uncertainties about the invasive potential of CIS of the vulva in young patients and the absence of a proved need for an extensive procedure, it is suggested that this entity be treated only by local excision. PMID- 7352087 TI - Gastrointestinal complications of modern intrauterine devices. AB - Two cases of gastrointestinal tract injury associated with extrauterine intrauterine devices (IUDs) are reported and compared with the 6 previously reported cases. Puerperal insertion was a factor in 6 cases, but 5 of these patients developed gastrointestinal symptoms only after a subsequent labor and delivery. Significant morbidity was present in most patients, and the diagnosis was often delayed and difficult to establish. Laparotomy was required in 7 cases. An extrauterine device should be removed promptly to minimize the risk of developing serious gastrointestinal complications. PMID- 7352088 TI - Obstructive renal failure by an overdistended pregnant uterus. PMID- 7352089 TI - Management of threatened abortion with real-time sonography. AB - Real-time sonography was used to evaluate 158 patients with threatened abortion. Fetal motion was first detected during the seventh gestational week and with increasing frequency thereafter in 73 patients with viable pregnancies continuing to term. Only 2 of 65 patients who aborted demonstrated fetal motion. The presence or absence of fetal motion was most reliable after 7 weeks' gestation for establishing a prognosis for a given pregnancy. Seventy-two of 74 pregnancies with fetal motion continued to term, whereas 63 of 64 pregnancies without fetal motion aborted. A method for using real-time sonography in the management of threatened abortion is presented. PMID- 7352091 TI - Antepartum fetal heart rate monitoring: value of sound stimulation. AB - The fetal heart rate (FHR) response to sound stimulation has been studied. The normal fetus exhibits an acceleration of at least 15 beats/min sustained for at least 2 minutes. This response was studied in 116 pregnancies in which the fetus was considered to be at high risk. The response was impaired in the 3 cases of perinatal death, in 14 of 19 cases of perinatal morbidity, and in 17 of 27 fetuses whose subsequent birth weight was below the fifth percentile. An impaired response was of greater predictive value than the nonreactive pattern of nonstressed FHR monitoring. PMID- 7352092 TI - Occupational medicine in small industry. PMID- 7352090 TI - Amniotic fluid optical density and neonatal respiratory outcome. AB - A simple, rapid, economical, and accurate test to assess fetal pulmonary maturity on a 24-hour basis, 7 days a week, is urgently needed. A 15-minute test has been developed that correlates well with fetal pulmonary maturity. Optical density (OD) readings at 650 nm of greater than or equal to 0.15 in pigment-free, centrifuged (2000 Xg, 10 minutes) amniotic fluids obtained from gestations of 33 to 42 weeks correlate with fetal pulmonary maturity (131 of 131, 100%). When OD readings are less than 0.15 in fluids from gestations of 24 to 40 weeks, and antepartum steroids are utilized, the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is 8.3% (14 of 169). The true false-negative rate in this group is therefore unknown. PMID- 7352093 TI - Diamond Shamrock Corporation: influencing the 'need to know'. PMID- 7352094 TI - The industrial physician's role as data manager. PMID- 7352095 TI - The occupational health nurse: getting management's attention. Interview by Richard L. Henn Jr.. PMID- 7352096 TI - Education: the key to preventing hearing loss. PMID- 7352097 TI - Undergraduate training in occupational health. PMID- 7352098 TI - Delivery of child care within the health care system. AB - Child health care is an integral part and practically the most important part of the health care delivery system in today's society. This article discusses the special characteristics of child health care within the total population care effort, with emphasis on the prevention, diagnosis and the treatment of physical and psychological ailments of infancy and childhood. PMID- 7352099 TI - Child health care in Finland. AB - The following article presents an overall picture of child health care delivery in Finland. The history and priorities of the Finnish Child Care Services are discussed with statistical data regarding birth rate, mortality and immunization. PMID- 7352101 TI - Health care for children--preventive aspects. PMID- 7352100 TI - New trends and approaches in the delivery of maternal and child care in health services. AB - This article discusses the current trends in the delivery of maternal and child health care with specific reference to the efforts toward reduction of maternal, perinatal, infant and childhood mortality as well as overall improvement of physical and psychological well-being of the child and adolescent within the family unit. PMID- 7352102 TI - Aspects on the European and especially Swedish MCH services. AB - Maternal and child health has a long tradition in Europe, going back to the turn of the century when it was already becoming clear in several parts of Europe that to decrease infant mortality rates and maternal death it was necessary to add to sanitation more direct services reaching the mother in her home and educating her in baby care and nutrition as well as hygiene. Health progress in this field was more than consolidated with the advent of modern medicine and antibiotics. PMID- 7352103 TI - The value of CT in genetic counseling in tuberous sclerosis. AB - The families of two patients with known tuberous sclerosis were electively evaluated by computed tomography. The CT positive (and negative) examination proved to be valuable for the genetic counseling of family members without overt clinical manifestations of tuberous sclerosis. Two patients had evidence of smaller enhancing lesions (minimal demonstrable mass without hydrocephalus) following intravenous contrast enhancement. We, therefore, suggest the use of contrast enhanced scans in addition to the plain scans to identify what may represent occult neoplasms. Abdominal CT scans can prove useful in identifying the frequently associated renal hamartomas. PMID- 7352104 TI - Post traumatic leptomeningeal cysts in infancy. AB - Post traumatic leptomeningeal cysts (P.T.L.C.) are capsulated liquor collections in the sub-arachnoidal space consequent to skull fractures. They occur typically in infancy and their deceitful onset needs an accurate X-ray follow-up in children with a history of cranial trauma. The authors present six cases of P.T.L.C. encountered in the last three years, recall the mechanism of formation, and stress the importance of standard radiological examination, and computed tomography for early diagnosis. PMID- 7352105 TI - Ultrasonographic spectrum of choledochal cysts in children. AB - Four different sonographic patterns which may be encountered in choledochal cyst are described. The most common form is concentric dilatation of the common bile duct (Type I). Rarely eccentric dilatation of the common bile duct, diverticulum, may be seen (Type II). Both forms of the disease may (Types IB and IIB) or may not (Types IA and IIA) be asso"iated with intrahepatic biliary dilatation. PMID- 7352106 TI - Nephrocalcinosis in radiographs, computed tomography, sonography and histology. AB - In 12 patients with nephrocalcinosis, radiographs were compared with computed tomography, sonography and histology. Computed tomography detects nephrocalcinosis at a very early stage of the disease, gives a better picture of the density and extent of nephrocalcinosis and may detect other findings (e. g. cysts). Radiographs may show many more details than computed tomography; they seem to be more suitable for observing the course of the disease and have a lower radiation dose. Sonography has not been helpful in the diagnosis of nephrocalcinosis. Histology correlates only moderately with the degree of nephrocalcinosis demonstrated in radiographs and computed tomography. PMID- 7352107 TI - The metacarpal index in normal children. AB - The metacarpal index (MCI), a radiographic measure of the slenderness of the metacarpals used in screening for the Marfan syndrome, was measured in 185 normal children ranging from two to 18 years of age. The MCI increased from lower values in early childhood to the adult range by approximately 10 to 11 years. PMID- 7352108 TI - Mechanism of endotracheal tube movement with change of head position in the neonate. AB - The mechanism of alteration of endotracheal tube position with movement of the head and neck in the neonate was studied in a term newborn cadaver. The infant was intubated and serial radiographs were obtained with the head and neck in different positions. We propose that the skull acts as a lever arm from the anterior end of the maxilla to the first cervical vertebra. The fulcrum for movement of this lever arm is the upper cervical spine. Movement of the endotracheal tube in the trachea is directed by the maxillocervical lever arm when the skull and upper cervical spine are flexed, extended, or rotated. PMID- 7352109 TI - Staphylococcal pelvic and rectal infection in a neonate. AB - An infant with neonatal staphylococcal infection had evidence of pelvic inflammation, peritonitis and proctitis which resulted in narrowing of the rectosigmoid, uterectasis, pyelocaliectasis, and partial obstruction of the inferior vena cava. Appropriate treatment resulted in resolution of these findings. PMID- 7352110 TI - Uriniferous perirenal pseudocyst. An unusual cause of a calcified abdominal mass in the neonate. AB - Radiologically visible calcification in the wall of a uriniferous perirenal pseudocyst is rare. This unusual finding was seen in a newborn infant who was found to have a left flank mass on the first day of life. When perirenal pseudocysts occur in infants, they are usually caused by congenital obstructive lesions of the urinary tract. PMID- 7352111 TI - Probably congenital histiocytosis X with unusual radiographic findings in a 7 week-old infant. AB - A 7-week-old infant who probably had congenital histiocytosis X of the Letterer Siwe type, and who showed mesomelic involvement of the long bones, is reported. Although skeletal changes are common in histiocytosis of the Letterer-Siwe type, very early appearance and localisation of these changes is unusual. PMID- 7352112 TI - An unusual iatrogenic bilio-bronchial fistula. AB - A case of iatrogenic bilio-bronchial fistula due to a retained surgical sponge is reported. The diagnosis was delayed because of the absence of opaque marker within the retained swab. PMID- 7352113 TI - Congenital medulloblastoma. Report of two cases. AB - Congenital medulloblastoma caused severe hydrocephalus in two patients, one aged one day and the other 5 months. PMID- 7352114 TI - Extraosseous uptake of 99mtechnetium methylene diphosphonate: neuroblastoma or radiation therapy. AB - A child with a ganglioneuroblastoma and tumor uptake of 99mtechnetium methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) is presented. After surgical removal of an encapsulated tumor and radiation therapy, an interval bone scan demonstrated the same presurgical abnormality. Awareness of abnormal uptake of 99mTc-MDP in irradiated renal tissue prevents interpreting radiation nephritis as recurrent tumor. PMID- 7352115 TI - Vesicular and ulcerative infections of the mouth and oropharynx. AB - Many infectious diseases involve the mouth and oropharynx. Classification by age of patient, type of lesion, and local or systemic involvement provides the clinician with important diagnostic information. Differential diagnosis rests on adequate history and physical examination. Lesions with vesicular phases are usually viral; ulcerative lesions may be bacterial, viral, fungal, mycobacterial, or spirochetal. Easily performed staining techniques and cultures usually provide useful diagnostic information. Other studies, such as biopsy, serologic evaluation, and electron microscopy may occasionally be necessary. PMID- 7352116 TI - Managing the epileptic patient. AB - A review of hospital charts revealed that only 3 (7.5%) of 40 inpatients with a diagnosis of epilepsy had received counseling about the disorder, its treatment, and its social ramifications. Although it is often neglected--as indicated by this small sample--proper and continuing patient education may dispel some of the damaging misconceptions and fears about the disorder and help the epileptic patient lead a full and productive life. Physicians should point out the importance of acceptance of the diagnosis, record keeping by the patient, awareness of precipitating factors, associated socioeconomic problems, and follow up, stressing the possibility of normal life. PMID- 7352117 TI - Nutrition--sense and nonsense. AB - Most physicians know far more about nutrition than they are given credit for. We know there is no such thing as a nutritionally perfect food. We know that variety in foods consumed is the key to good nutrition. We know that good nutrition is an important part of convalescence. We know that obesity in the presence of other risk factors is an added hazard. We know that fortified convenience foods contribute to good health and make life easier for those who prepare meals. We know that the woods are full of food faddists, nutritional charlatans, and peddlers of nutritional nostrums, whose scare tactics and sensationalism often sway the uninformed. Where many of us err is simply in not thinking about nutrition, in not asking our patients about what they eat, and in not counseling them on better nutrition. Thus, I urge you to think nutrition when you think about the health of your patients and yourself, to utilize the services of dietitians and nutritionists, and to speak out clearly and forcefully, but without malice, to combat nutritional and other health nonsense. PMID- 7352118 TI - Hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. A report of three cases. AB - In patients with hyperthyroidism and a palpable solitary nodule, the physician should be alert to the need for further evaluation before a method of therapy is chosen. In our opinion, surgery should be the treatment of choice for a hyperthyroid patient with a "cold" solitary thyroid nodule. We no longer believe that hyperthyroidism minimizes the possibility of coexistent thyroid carcinoma in hyperthyroid patients with hypofunctioning nodules. We would also suggest a reexamination of the concept of thyroid carcinoma being dependent on thyroid stimulating hormone. PMID- 7352119 TI - Management of pressure sores. Comparative study in medical and surgical patients. AB - During a five-month period, a study was performed on medical and surgical floors of 36 beds each to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured multidisciplinary approach to prevention and treatment of pressure sores. Each pressure sore was evaluated by site and degree of severity. Follow-up was made three months later. The results indicate general improvement in patients on both floors, independent of site and severity of sores. During the study, the incidence of pressure sores per week decreased from 12% (surgical) and 29% (medical) to 0%, and the prevalence decreased from 69% (surgical) and 51% (medical) to 0%. On follow-up, prevalence remained low, at 16% (surgical) and 8% (medical). Interestingly, the more severe pressure sores were absent. An understanding of the role of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in production and evolution of pressure sores is essential. Control of these factors is the basis of effective prevention and treatment. PMID- 7352120 TI - Use of the esophageal obturator airway; with a report of an unusual complication. AB - The esophageal obturator airway is a relatively new addition to equipment for emergency resuscitation. It is simple to use after minimal training and can be inserted quickly without laryngoscopic visualization. Problems are uncommon. PMID- 7352121 TI - Wellness. PMID- 7352122 TI - Physical fitness for physicians. AB - The typical workload of a physician probably is not sufficient to produce and maintain a state of physical fitness. A majority of physicians seem to be involved in recreational exercise. However, the necessary data are not available regarding the frequency, duration, and intensity of their exercise--let alone on maximum heart rates and oxygen consumption in exercise--to permit determining their levels of physical fitness. Among the many factors contributing to an overall state of physical fitness, cardiovascular and pulmonary fitness (ie, endurance) appears to be most important to the physician, whose work, with rare exceptions, requires endurance but not unusual strength. Activities most suitable to development of this type of fitness include fast walking, running, cycling, swimming, and circuit training. The exercise prescription should be expressed in terms of the heart rate to be reached, and the frequency, duration, and intensity of the activity to be performed. PMID- 7352123 TI - Individualized CME learning opportunities. A critical role for the community hospital. AB - This paper has attempted to define the critical role that community hospitals can play in continuing medical education, a type of education that historically has been oriented toward large group instruction, often at the expense of individualized learing. Professional societies and organizations, major medical faculties, and educational programs sponsored by various groups may well be the basic structures for providing high-quality new information. However, rarely do presentations by these groups involve reclarification, synthesis, and examination of present knowledge and behavior, nor do they typically allow physicians to share their experiences or learn by doing--all of which have great importance to the learning habits of practicing physicians. The local medical community, through use of an instructional format like the one outlined, may be able to fill this crucial gap. PMID- 7352124 TI - The lymphoid leukocytoses. AB - The experienced morphologist can be extremely helpful to the clinician by virtue of his or her ability to distinguish among the various subtypes of reactive lymphocytoses. An awareness on the part of the clinician as to the nuances of subclassification may lead to earlier diagnosis of a disease process. Broadly, proliferations of normal lymphocytes point to infectious lymphocytosis or Bordetella pertussis infection. Proliferations of atypical lymphocytes, especially when minimum diagnostic criteria are present or there are four or more Downey III forms per 100 WBCs, suggest infectious mononucleosis. Proliferations of immunoblasts reflect hypersensitivity reactions to drugs or autoimmune disease. Proliferations of proplasmacytes or plasma cells favor viral hepatitis, drug reactions (notably to sulfa drugs), or rubella. Quantitative data may help refine the morphologic implications. Cumulatively, qualitative and quantitative data should lead the clinician to a judicious selection of confirmatory serologic tests and hence to earlier diagnosis. PMID- 7352125 TI - Perioperative care of patients with cardiac disease. AB - Patients with cardiovascular disease commonly present with problems requiring surgical treatment. They are more vulnerable than patients without cardiovascular disease to the cardiovascular stresses associated with general anesthesia and surgery--hypotension, hypoxemia, sepsis, and thromboembolism. Their risk of morbidity and mortality is higher. Certain clinical factors have a profound impact on the patient's likelihood of serious cardiac complications or death: Overt heart failure, recent myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrhythmias are the most worrisome. A careful clinical evaluation and formal assessment of the patient's risk dictate better perioperative monitoring and treatment. Early hospital admission provides time for control of other health problems. Prophylaxis with heparin and antimicrobial agents minimizes problems of thromboembolism and sepsis, respectively. Overaggressive treatment of hypertension is avoided, and withdrawal of propranolol or clonidine is carefully supervised. The use of digoxin is restricted to patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias or heart failure. Hemodynamic monitoring via a Swan-Ganz catheter or temporary transvenous pacing may be necessary for selected high-risk patients. Such careful evaluation, monitoring, and treatment are the clinician's methods for improving the chance for patients with heart disease to benefit from surgery. PMID- 7352126 TI - Acute bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 7352127 TI - Proposition 13--medical version. PMID- 7352128 TI - The vitamin C controversy. PMID- 7352129 TI - The vitamin C controversy. PMID- 7352130 TI - Infectious disease: introduction. PMID- 7352131 TI - 35S-labeled glycosaminoglycans of the mouse prostate and its secretion by organ culture. PMID- 7352132 TI - Influence of meal frequency on body composition and energy utilization in male weaning rats. PMID- 7352133 TI - Transplantation of monodispersed rat thyroid cells: hormonal effects on follicular unit development and morphology. PMID- 7352134 TI - Isolated hearts from obese rats show impaired function during hypoxia. PMID- 7352135 TI - Aldosterone response to angiotensin blockade in the conscious sodium-depleted rabbit. PMID- 7352136 TI - The quantitation of hemorrhage in the skin. Measurement of hemorrhage in the microcirculation in inflammatory lesions and related phenomena. PMID- 7352137 TI - Rauscher leukemia as a model for cancer therapy studies. II. Variation in response of splenic CFU-S between normal and Rauscher leukemic mice following exposure to hydroxyurea. PMID- 7352138 TI - Plasma insulin, glucagon, and gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity during experimentally induced hyperammonemia in rats. PMID- 7352139 TI - Liposomes as a proposed vehicle for the persorption of bovine xanthine oxidase. PMID- 7352140 TI - Salt loading effect on renal kallikrein activity in rat. PMID- 7352141 TI - Effect of pentagastrin on potential difference in rat stomach. PMID- 7352142 TI - Changes in the phospholipid composition of microsomal membranes of dystrophic hamsters. PMID- 7352143 TI - Metabolic Handling of perfluorooctanoic acid in rats. PMID- 7352144 TI - The effect of piethora on erythropoietin levels. PMID- 7352145 TI - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin secretion after infusion of acetylcholine, catecholamines, and gut hormones. PMID- 7352146 TI - Induction of dimethylnitrosamine-demethylase by polar solvents. PMID- 7352147 TI - Susceptibility of mitochondria from endotoxin-resistant mice to lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 7352148 TI - In vivo function of immune murine peritoineal exudate cells after freezing and thawing. PMID- 7352149 TI - A generalized membrane defect in heritable myotonia: studies of erythrocytes in an animal model and patients. PMID- 7352150 TI - Developmental and diamide-induced differences in rat renal cortical glutathione levels. PMID- 7352151 TI - Experience in the argon laser therapy of port wine stains. AB - A total of 202 patients with port wine stains have been studied and many aspects of their clinical condition detailed. Employing ther argon laser, 136 test spots have been carried out in 132 patients and the results have been analyzed and correlated with clinical aspects of the lesions. Altogether, 85 treatments were performed in 54 patients and the results were examined in the same way as the test spots. Good to excellent results were obtained in 75 percent of test spots and 60 percent of treatments in that significant lightening of treated areas was achieved. While elimination of lesions was rare, considerable amelioration was common. Scarring was uncommon but was the most appreciable complication. Residual lesion was the most common cause of fair or poor results. The value of secondary treatment is suggested but remains to be established. The directions of ongoing clinical study are outlined. PMID- 7352152 TI - Port wine stains and the response to argon laser therapy: successful treatment and the predictive role of color, age, and biopsy. AB - To date, no criteria exist for anticipating the response of a port wine stain to argon laser therapy. In an effort to determine such predictive factors, the preceding study was undertaken. Sixty-two patients, ages 7 to 66 years, with port wine stains were biopsied, had a small test area treated, and were evaluated after 4 months. A desirable result, defined by marked lightening of the lesion without scarring, occurred in 73 percent of the patients. Factors favoring a desirable result included age greater than 37 years, purple color, fraction of dermis occupied by vessels greater than 5 percent, mean vessel area greater than 2500 micrometers2, and percent of vessels containing erythrocytes greater than 15 percent. Furthermore, the degree of color change strongly correlated with these indices. Factors indicating an undesirable result included age less than 17 years, pink color, vascular area less than 2 percent, mean vessel area less than 1500 micrometers2, and percent of vessels containing erythrocytes less than 3 percent, Thus, if appropriate clinical and histological criteria are met port wine stains can successfully treated with argon laser therapy. PMID- 7352153 TI - The argon laser and the port wine stain. PMID- 7352154 TI - The viability of rib grafts transplanted with the periosteal blood supply. AB - We present two additional cases of microvascular rib transplants supplied by the periosteal circulation through the anterior intercostal vessels. We studied the viability of the bone by the uptake of fluorochrome markers. We also examined thin sections of calcified bone to demonstrate the deposition of new osteoid by osteoblasts, and the resorption of bone by osteoclasts. These studies confirm the early viability of the transplanted bone. PMID- 7352155 TI - Hemodynamics and viability of acute neurovascular island skin flaps in rats. AB - Hemodynamics and skin survival were studied in acute 8 X 8 cm2 neurovascular island skin flaps in rats. Maximum blood flow and extent of fluorescein and 15 mu microsphere penetration in the skin flap occurred at about 24 hours after flap construction. However, maximum A-V shunt flow occurred at about 12 hours. It is concluded that ischemia in the acute skin flap, probably due to vasoconstriction, did occur in the early stage of the postoperative period. The opening of A-V shunts and vasodilation of the capillary bed in the later stage may be controlled by the same mechanism(s). It is also suggested that treatment which results in vasodilation in the skin flap in the early stages of the postoperative period may augment the extent of skin viability. PMID- 7352156 TI - Thoracolumbar-sacral flaps in the treatment of sacral pressure sores. AB - The treatment of pressure sores is a challenging problem. A new flap is described to be added to the armamentarium of surgeons looking after these patients. This procedure is not presented as a panacea for the sacral pressure sores but as an additional technique that could be used in very large sacral pressure sores, particularly recurrent pressure sores following conventional procedures. PMID- 7352157 TI - Experiences with the Reichert procedure in closure of unilateral cleft lips. PMID- 7352158 TI - Early definitive treatment of electric burns of the mouth. AB - An approach in the evaluation and treatment of patients with electric burns of the mouth is presented. When the surgery was necessary, a tongue or buccal flap was used on the fourteenth to fifteenth day after the burn. The theory for this approach and the various technical aspects involved in our operation are discussed. PMID- 7352159 TI - Secretan's syndrome: hard edema of the dorsum of the hand. PMID- 7352160 TI - Functional return of tendon graft protected entirely by pseudosheath- experimental study. AB - Sixty-three white Leghorn chickens were used in a two-stage tendon grafting into the deep flexor of the third toe. In the first stage, a 4- or 8-week-old pseudosheath was created around the Silastic rod. In the second stage, the grafting was carried out: in 33 birds the new sheath covered the entire tendon graft and its junctions; in 30 controls, only the main portion of the graft was covered by pseudosheath. Following 6 weeks of immobilization, the toe was left free for 8 weeks and active flexion was registered once a week at perching. The covered junctions were found to be of high anatomical quality; they were, on an average, stronger, and flexion return was significantly greater (in 8-week-old pseudosheath) when compared with noncovered control grafts. PMID- 7352161 TI - Rhytidectomy with radical lipectomy and platysmal flaps. AB - Eighty-two consecutive cases of rhytidectomy by platysmal flap and submandibular and submental lipectomy are presented. The results are superior to previous methods. Although the platysmal flap technique defines the caudal portion of the neck from the hyoid bone to the sternomastoid muscle, the major definition to the submental and submandibular areas is given by lipectomy. The incidence and type of complications are similar to previous reports. PMID- 7352162 TI - Orbicularis oculi muscle flaps: a technique to reduce crows feet and lateral canthal skin folds. AB - Flaps of the lateral orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle splayed out and sutured under tension help smooth skin folds and reduce wrinkles in the lateral canthal area. PMID- 7352163 TI - Reduction mammaplasty: a personal technique. AB - We describe a new method of breast reduction. Its advantages are adaptability to small, medium, or large hypertrophy, a short, well-hidden inframammary scar, preservation of good blood supply to the breast, ease of permance, and predictability in producing a breast of pleasing appearance and relatively normal function. PMID- 7352164 TI - Training in esthetic surgery: some problems encountered in a university program. PMID- 7352165 TI - Double sublimis tendon to fifth finger with absence of profundus. PMID- 7352166 TI - The combined use of the Strombeck pattern and the McKissock keyhole pattern in marking macromastia. PMID- 7352167 TI - An improved tie-over dressing for free nipple-areola grafts utilizing a plastic disc. PMID- 7352168 TI - Temporalis fascial grafts. PMID- 7352169 TI - T-Z-plasty for the male "turkey gobbler" neck. PMID- 7352170 TI - Outpatient breast surgery under intercostal block anesthesia. Commentary. PMID- 7352171 TI - Alternatives to subcutaneous mastectomy. PMID- 7352172 TI - Skin necrosis from extravasation of intravenous fluids in children. PMID- 7352173 TI - Skin necrosis from extravasation of intravenous fluids in children. PMID- 7352174 TI - F.T.C. Woodstock, and plastic surgery. PMID- 7352175 TI - Using the Polaroid print for initial consultation. PMID- 7352176 TI - Synergism in medical education and service: an example from the Northwest. PMID- 7352177 TI - The mutual missions of the National Health Service Corps and state-supported medical schools-the Alabama story. PMID- 7352178 TI - A model for recruitment and service-the University of Nevada's summer preceptorships in Indian communities. PMID- 7352179 TI - Involving the Southern rural church and students of the health professions in health education. PMID- 7352180 TI - Commitment to Underserved People (C.U.P.) program at the University of Arizona. AB - The C.U.P. (Commitment to Underserved People) Program was established at the University of Arizona College of Medicine to reinforce the commitment of a self selected group of medical students to careers with medically underserved people and to help them acquire some of the special knowledge, skills, and attitudes essential to effective performance in such careers. The program brings together some preexisting curricular offerings and a number of additional extracurricular activities and experiences. The time demands on the participating students are significant, but not excessive. Support activities are an important aspect and include periodic group meetings, an annual retreat, faculty role models as students advisors, and personal counseling when needed. The program is coordinated by the Department of Family and Community Medicine, but relies on participation of faculty from other primary care departments and the cooperation of a number of community agencies and clinics. The C.U.P. Program was developed in response to an expressed student need, and students have continued to play an essential role in its design and direction. PMID- 7352181 TI - Family medicine division at Meharry uses special strategies to meet priority for the underserved. PMID- 7352182 TI - Preparing to serve-NHSC scholarships and medical education. PMID- 7352184 TI - The New Mexico plan: primary care curriculum. PMID- 7352183 TI - Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education at City College of New York prepares primary care physicians for practice in underserved inner-city areas. PMID- 7352185 TI - Can future physicians be educated to care for underserved people? PMID- 7352186 TI - Use of medical services and satisfaction with ambulatory care among a rural Minnesota population. AB - Patient satisfaction with health care services and the use of ambulatory care in rural southeastern Minnesota were surveyed before and after physician manpower was increased. This report is confined to the findings in 1974, before the three local practicing physicians were joined by two additional physicians. The physician to population ratio at the time of the initial survey was 1 to 6,200 in 1974 and 1 to 2,500 with the additional physicians in 1975.In this area the population of 12,400 centered around the town of Zumbrota. A total of 1,332 persons completed questionnaires, and 796 filled out a second questionnaire concerning patient satisfaction with health care. The scores on 40 items formed 18 satisfaction indices.Use of health services was lower than in the National Health Survey of 1969; the mean number of visits per year in Zumbrota was 3.3 compared with 4.3 for the national sample. The volume of use in the Zumbrota region was low, particularly among adults. Use of services was not significantly related to the education, occupation and income of the residents. About 10 percent of the population accounted for half of the total number of visits.Only a few of the 18 patient satisfaction indices were related to the respondent's income and occupation, but 5 were related to educational level. Satisfaction with health care services was generally higher in this rural population than among the people in four urban areas that were surveyed using the same satisfaction indices.The question raised by the findings in this survey-are rural areas in general as deprived and unsatisfied with health care as the literature suggests remains unsettled. Changes over time in use and patient satisfaction are being assessed in the resurvey to seek possible explanations of the low utilization and high degree of patient satisfaction in this area. PMID- 7352187 TI - Laboratory compliance with syphilis reporting laws: the New York City experience 1972-77. PMID- 7352188 TI - Energy contingency planning for health facilities: conference report. PMID- 7352189 TI - Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease on the Navajo reservation, 1962 77. AB - The occurrence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) among Navajos was ascertained for the period from 1962 through 1977 by means of hospital discharge diagnoses and patients' charts. The annualized attack rate for ARF was 12.4 per 100,000 population, with no clear evidence of an overall secular trend. The proportion of recurrences (19.6 percent) and clinical features were similar to those reported elsewhere, but no seasonal variation in attack rates was noted. Between 1962-71 and 1972-77, the age of RHD patients increased, suggesting few newly diagnosed cases and the aging of known patients. A streptococcal disease control program was instituted in many Navajo elementary schools before 1975. In the program, throat cultures were performed routinely for some asymptomatic children and for all symptomatic children. During the subsequent 3 years, ARF rates declined from 13.5 to 8.2 per 100,000 in areas covered by the program, while in the noncovered areas the rates showed little change-9.5 to 10.1 per 100,000. PMID- 7352190 TI - Workshop on allied health manpower: a cooperative appraoch to data collection and analysis. PMID- 7352191 TI - Physicians for the underserved. PMID- 7352192 TI - Effects of low-dose radiation on repair processes in human lymphocytes. PMID- 7352193 TI - The effect of X irradiation on alveolar macrophages in mice. PMID- 7352194 TI - Acute and late effects of a single exposure of ionizing radiation on cultured human diploid cell populations. PMID- 7352195 TI - Survival of penicillamine-treated mice following whole-body irradiation. PMID- 7352196 TI - Factors affecting the heat-induced increase in protein content of chromatin. PMID- 7352197 TI - Stromal cell migration precedes hemopoietic repopulation of the bone marrow after irradiation. PMID- 7352198 TI - RBE of d(50)-Be neutrons and of 650-MeV helium ions at different depths for growth reduction in Vicia faba. PMID- 7352199 TI - Behavioral and physiological changes produced by a supralethal dose of ionizing radiation: evidence for hormone-influenced sex differences in the rat. PMID- 7352200 TI - Ionizing radiation-induced 6-thioguanine-resistant clones in synchronous CHO cells. PMID- 7352201 TI - Proliferative disorders of the breast as risk factors for breast cancer in a self selected screened population: pathologic markers. AB - A study was done to quantify the pathologic risk of subsequent breast cancer in women whose biopsies demonstrated proliferative histologic conditions. Out of a total of 10,530 patients, 1,408 had biopsies which were classified as either bland fibrocystic or hyperplastic. The behavior of the disease in these patients was compared to that of the general screened population. It was concluded that women whose biopsies reveal hyperplastic disorder, primarily atypical hyperplasia and fibroadenoma, run the greatest risk of getting cancer. For women with atypical hyperplasia, the risk is 13 times that of the general population, and for those with fibroadenoma it is three times greater. PMID- 7352202 TI - Mammographic patterns as markers for high-risk benign breast disease and incident cancers. AB - A study was done to determine whether the risk of cancer development can be calculated through the use of mammographic patterns. Hyperplasia, bland fibrocystic disease, and incident cancers were correlated with Wolfe's mammographic classification scheme. Intraobserver and interobserver consistency were measured in the 8,033 classified mammograms. Maximum observer agreement was achieved by combining high-risk and low-risk categories. The data presented do not support the contention that diffuse mammographic patterns are useful predictors for determining strategies of screening or patient management; large scale studies are needed before mammographic classification is adopted. PMID- 7352203 TI - Infusion tomography and the total body opacification effect: appraisal in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. AB - Clinical and laboratory investigations were performed to test the criteria used in infusion tomography of the gallbladder (ITGB) for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. The results demonstrated a 14% incidence of gallbladder wall visualization in 200 patients asymptomatic for gallbladder disease undergoing excretory urography with tomography. The animal investigation showed no significant difference (0.1 less than p less than 0.2) in radiographic results between control (n = 6) and acute cholecystitis (n = 7) groups. Serious questions are raised regarding the clinical reliability of ITGB using currently accepted diagnostic criteria. PMID- 7352204 TI - Angiographic findings in recanalization of coronary arterial thrombi. AB - Four patients with atherosclerotic disease were found to have a recanalized coronary arterial thrombus on angiography. The functional significance of this finding varied. In 2 cases, flow (judged by collaterals) was insignificant in spite of the recanalization. In the other 2, collateral supply had been shown to be absent during the initial stage of thrombosis. In one case, recanalization was confirmed pathologically. PMID- 7352205 TI - Embolization of multiple pulmonary artery fistulas. AB - Therapeutic embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas is described as an alternate method of treatment for patients with diffuse pulmonary involvement in whom resection is not feasible. PMID- 7352206 TI - The significance of superior vena cava syndrome developing in a patient with sarcoidosis. AB - The development of superior vena cava syndrome in sarcoidosis is uncommon, as is the development of lymph node enlargement after the pulmonary component of the disease is well established. A search for other etiologic factors is indicated. PMID- 7352207 TI - Neuropathic fractures in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - Six patients with diabetes mellitus sustained neuropathic fractures. All had depressed or absent pain sensation in their legs. Four patients had unusual avulsion fractures in the posterior tubercle of the calcaneus. One had sustained six fractures within a period of six months. In 4 patients the fractures were followed by or associated with neuroarthropathy. The incidence and etiology of such fractures are discussed. PMID- 7352208 TI - Intrinsic particles in angiographic contrast media. AB - The five brands of water-soluble contrast media (sodium methylglucamine 60%) used most often for cerebral angiography in Europe were investigated for contamination with intrinsic nonviable particles. A Coulter counter was used to screen particles by size (5--10 mu, 10--30 mu, and greater than 30 mu), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX) was used to verify the findings. Particles were found in the solutions, both from ampules and vials. The mean was 302 particles greater than 5 mu in 1 ml of contrast medium contained in ampules; a few particles measuring up to 500 mu were found. EDAX analysis revealed Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Fe, I, K, Mn, Na, Si, and Zn. The author recommends that contrast media be passed through a filter with a pore size of 5 mu or less. PMID- 7352209 TI - Sequelae of intrinsic foreign-body contamination during selective renal angiography in rabbits. AB - The significance of foreign-body contamination of contrast media, flushing solutions, and angiographic equipment was investigated by selective renal angiography in 32 rabbits. Infarction caused by foreign bodies introduced by the angiographic procedure was frequently demonstrated. As a particulate matter is also injected during human angiography, its effects should be carefully sought. PMID- 7352210 TI - Superior mesenteric angiography and blood flow measurement following intra arterial injection of prostaglandin E1. AB - The hemodynamic effects of intra-material prostaglandin E1 (PE1) administered via the angiographic catheter were evaluated in 14 patients. Blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) after PGE1 infusion was compared with control SMA blood flow as measured by the "spillover" angiographic reflux method, using a specially designed injector/film-changer system. In all patients, SMA blood flow increased by more than 50% and visualization of the SMA and portal vein was enhanced. PMID- 7352211 TI - Long-term follow-up of distal splenorenal shunts: evaluation by arteriography, shuntography, transhepatic portal venography, and cinefluorography. AB - Eight patients with patent distal splenorenal shunts were studied after a 22- to 36-month interval. Evolution of hemodynamic and anatomical changes was documented by percutaneous transhepatic portal catheterization, cinefluorography using ethiodized oil droplets, transfemoral splenorenal shuntography, and celiac arteriography. Changes included (a) a decrease in the portosystemic venous pressure gradient, (b) an increase in the size of and flow through both the shunt and the hepatic artery, (c) reversal of portal venous flow, (d) marked dilatation of collaterals and diversion of flow from the superior mesenteric vein to the shunt, and (e) an increase in cardiac output. PMID- 7352212 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in pancreatic disease: a reassessment of the specificity of ductal abnormalities indifferentiating benign from malignant disease. AB - A blind study of 49 patients with narrowing of the common bile duct or pancreatic duct on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was done. The double duct sign appeared in four of eight pancreatic carcinoma patients, but also occurred in 15 of 41 pancreatitis patients. Other signs, which occurred only in carcinoma in prior studies (nodular, eccentric narrowing, and eccentric and irregular rat-tailed stenosis) also occurred in both groups. These results highlight the unreliability of utilizing morphological ductal changes as the only ERCP criteria in differentiating pancreatic carcinoma from pancreatitis. The most reliable criterion for pancreatitis was multiple stenoses in one duct. Pancreatic carcinoma cannot be diagnosed accurately if signs of pancreatitis are also present, and other examinations may be needed. PMID- 7352213 TI - Nonsurgical aortoplasty in Leriche syndrome. AB - The abdominal aorta was dilated with a pair of 9-mm balloon catheters in a patient with Leriche syndrome. The bilateral pressure gradient, initially 60 mm Hg, disappeared even after papaverine was injected. Balloon dilatation of the abdominal aorta may be an effective, safe nonsurgical technique, particularly in localized, noncalcified atheromata, and does not carry the risk of impotence seen with surgical endarterectomy or bypass. PMID- 7352214 TI - Radiographic evaluation of an artificial urinary sphincter (AMS 742). AB - The American Medical Systems' inflatable anti-incontinence device is a relatively new prosthesis. Its design, function, and proper method of radiographic evaluation in the pre- and postoperative patient are discussed. Complications peculiar to this device are demonstrated. PMID- 7352215 TI - Diagnostic persistence in working up metastatic cancer with an unknown primary site. AB - Following initial diagnostic work-up and histological confirmation of a metastatic lesion, an extensive search may fail to locate a primary cancer site. Two case reports are presented. A retrospective analysis was done of 255 patients with metastases of unknown origin; 231 patients (over 90%) have since died. Of 34 patients with autopsy information, no primary lesion was found in 20. In the remaining 14 cases, prior knowledge of the primary site would not have influenced either therapy or proganosis. A plea is made for judicious restraint in the use of diagnostic imaging procedures to search exhaustively for a primary cancer site. PMID- 7352217 TI - The vanishing epiphyseal ossification center: a sequel to septic arthritis of childhood. AB - Radiographic disappearance of a previously ossified epiphyseal center may occur during the acute episode of septic arthritis, or during the healing phase after adequate treatment. The fact that the cartilage remains normal suggests that reparative revascularization, rather than enzymatic dissolution of bone and cartilage by the infecting organism, is responsible for the disappearance of the ossification center. PMID- 7352216 TI - Traumatic splenic cyst: radiologic-pathologic correlation from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. AB - Traumatic splenic cyst is one of many diagnostic choices when a mass is found in the left upper quadrant. In the appropriate clinical setting, demonstration of an intrasplenic, unilocular, avascular, homogeneous, fluid-filled mass with a smooth, sharply marginated wall should suggest a splenic cyst. On pathological examination, an epithelial lining implies a developmental origin. More commonly, no such lining is found and old trauma is assumed to be the etiology. PMID- 7352218 TI - Computed tomographic signs of Chiari II malformation. II: Midbrain and cerebellum. AB - In the Chiari II deformity, the following defects can be visualized by computed tomography: partial or complete fusion of the corpora quadrigemina into a tectal beak or spur and invagination of the midline cerebellum to receive this spur; marked upward, transincisural growth of the cerebellum to produce a supratentorial, "extra-axial" mass effect (especially after shunting); enlargement of the pericerebellar cistern about the "towering" cerebellum, and infolding of the anterior border of the towering cerebellum to overlap the vermis and the more caudal portions of the cerebellum. Growth of the cerebellar hemispheres around the brain stem results in (a) overlapping of more of the cerebral peduncles than usual, which sometimes separates the midbrain from the hippocampus; (b) overlapping of more of the lateral aspect of the pons than usual, causing partial filling in of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) cisterns, presenting as bilateral CPA masses, and (c) wedging of the cerebellar margin between the lateral aspect of the brain stem and the adjacent free tentorial margin, so that the cerebellar hemispheres acquire an anteriorly pointed configuration. PMID- 7352219 TI - Computed tomography of hemorrhage from anterior communicating artery aneurysms, with angiographic correlation. AB - The CT findings in 19 cases of ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms are analyzed and compared to the angiographic appearance. Observations from this series and literature review include (a) occasional negative scans, (b) visualization of non-giant aneurysms on infused axial scans, (c) common asymmetric subarachnoid hemorrhage, (d) involvement of the anterior interhemispheric fissure whenever subarachnoid hemorrhage is visualized, (e) "typical" septal hematoma in a minority of cases, (f) frequent infarction, particularly in the anterior cerebral artery distribution, (g) "meningeal hyperemia" seen on post-contrast scans, and (h) little correlation between angiographic aneurysm orientation and the location of hemorrhage on CT scan. PMID- 7352220 TI - High resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone. AB - The radiation dose and the anatomic detail of computed tomography (CT) and conventional tomography were studied in 18 patients with suspected acoustic neuroma, cholesteatoma, malignant tumor, and temporal bone fracture. It is concluded that CT is the technique of choice in patients suspected of having acoustic neuromas or malignant tumors of the temporal bone, while hypocycloidal tomography should be used to evaluate pateints with otosclerosis, small cholesteatomas, and inflammatory disease of the middle ear. For diagnosing fractures and large cholesteatomas, CT and conventional tomography are complementary. PMID- 7352221 TI - Carotid back pressures in conjunction with cerebral angiography. AB - A method for obtaining carotid back pressures at the time of cerebral angiography is described. These preoperative measurements were compared to intraoperative measurements in 18 patients. Preoperative mean carotid back pressures (usually common carotid pressures) were obtained by occluding the artery with a double lumen balloon catheter and recording the pressure distal to the balloon. Although the mean arterial blood pressure and the arterial carbon dioxide tension proved to be variables, the correlation of the pressures measured at angiography and at surgery was high (p less than 0.001). PMID- 7352222 TI - The false falx sign. AB - When identified on nonenhanced computed tomography (CT), a long, thin band of increased attenuation in the region of the falx cerebri (the falx sign) has been regarded as evidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Shorter, wider, or wedge-shaped interhemispheric fluid collections of blood-equivalent attenuation have been considered representative of a subdural hematoma in an abused child. The superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and falx cerebri are identified on unenhanced CT scans of pediatric patients without clinical or radiographic evidence of trauma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, bleeding diathesis, or other abnormalities. These structures are often visualized where atrophy or degenerative diseases of the brain provide an adjacent region of diminished attenuation. With the spatial and density resolution of new CT scanners, visualization of the falx cerebri and its dural sinuses is normal. PMID- 7352223 TI - A new technique for cerebral angiography: the variable stiffness guidewire. AB - Cerebral angiography can be performed with either a small-diameter, thin-walled catheter, or with a larger catheter using the "headhunter" technique. However, neither of these methods is satisfactory for catheterizing tortuous or angular arteries. The author has developed a variable stiffness guidewire (VSGW), which uses a small catheter and enables the neuroradiologist to catheterize tortuous arteries. The VSGW can be changed from flexible to stiff and back again while in the artery. New angiographic techniques based on four simple catheter curves are described. Using these techniques, the author has achieved an overall success rate of 98%. PMID- 7352225 TI - Computed tomography of the chest wall. AB - Computed tomography of the chest wall has been mentioned in the literature, but the emphasis has been on evaluation of diseases of the pleura and mediastinum and depiction of metastatic nodules. The authors have attempted to demonstrate the usefulness of CT in the detection and treatment of chest wall disease and show that the incidence of involvement is great enough to warrant evaluation of the chest wall on all CT images of this region. PMID- 7352226 TI - Computed tomography and angiography in ileal carcinoid tumor and retractile mesenteritis. AB - Computed tomography and angiography were performed in two patients with ileal carcinoid tumor and in one with retractile mesenteritis. In each instance, a low density right lower quadrant mass with small bowel displacement and thickened mesenteric neurovascular bundles was identified at CT. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) angiography revealed contraction, kinking and irregularity of mesenteric branches in all cases, but specific histologic diagnosis was not established by angiography alone. Our preliminary experience suggests that SMA angiography may not always be necessary in the diagnosis of either carcinoid tumor or retractile mesenteritis. PMID- 7352224 TI - Acute traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the proximal left common carotid artery: a case report. AB - A case is presented in which closed head and chest trauma caused a pseudoaneurysm at the base of the left common carotid artery. There were no significant injuries apparent on clinical evaluation. A strikingly abnormal chest radiograph prompted arteriography, which was diagnostic. A mechanism for the injury is postulated. PMID- 7352227 TI - Computed tomography in the evaluation of small round cell tumors of bone. AB - The value of computed tomography (CT) in the management of 20 cases of round cell tumors of bone is reported. CT is useful in: (a) early diagnosis, particularly incomplex anatomical areas; (b) the evaluation of the extent of disease; (c) the determination of the radiation portals; (d) the evaluation of the response to therapy; and (e) the preoperative evaluation of those tumors removed surgically. In comparison with other radiographic modalities, CT was equally accurate in six and more accurate in 10 patients. In three cases CT alone revealed the presence of pathology. PMID- 7352228 TI - Computed tomography in planning percutaneous bone biopsy. AB - Computed tomography (CT) was performed prior to anticipated percutaneous bone biopsy in 19 patients. The CT results were categorized on the basis of how useful they were in prebiopsy planning. In four cases CT was not useful, in four cases it was confirmatory, and in 11 cases it was definitive. CT influenced the choice of biopsy site, needle type, or position in seven of the 11 cases, and it indicated that no biopsy should be performed in four cases. It is concluded that CT is useful in prebiopsy planning and management. PMID- 7352229 TI - Symptomatic myelolipoma of the adrenal: report of a case with computed tomographic evaluation. AB - The authors offer what may be only the second histologically verified case of myelolipoma studied by computed tomography. The CT appearance is described. PMID- 7352230 TI - Gray-scale ultrasonography and endoscopic pancreatography in pancreatic diagnosis. AB - Ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were performed in 216 patients with known or suspected pancreatic disease. Both techniques provided accurate information in all groups of patients (normals and those with recurrent acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and cancer), and there were no complications. Ultrasound scans gave more information concerning pseudocysts and were more often abnormal than pancreatograms in patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis. It is concluded that the combination of ultrasonography and ERCP constitutes a comprehensive diagnostic approach to patients with upper abdominal problems. The roles of other diagnostic tests for the pancreas, such as computed tomography, isotope scanning, function tests, and angiography, are also discussed briefly. PMID- 7352231 TI - Gray-scale ultrasonography in the evaluation of renal trauma. AB - Static and real-time gray-scale ultrasound examinations were performed on seven patients who had minor, major, and catastrophic renal trauma. The sonographic findings in avulsion of the renal pedicle, fractured kidney, ruptured renal cyst, perinephric and subcapsular hematomas, and pelvic blood clots are presented. Ultrasonography provided a valuable adjunct to conventional urography and radionuclide studies by adding information on the extent of renal and retroperitoneal injury. PMID- 7352232 TI - Appearance of lymphomatous involvement of the mesentery by ultrasonography and body computed tomography: the "sandwich sign". AB - A characteristic appearance of lymphomatous involvement of the mesentery is demonstrated by ultrasonography and computed tomography. The presence of a lobulated confluent mass infiltrating the mesenteric leaves and encasing the superior mesenteric artery and veins producing a "sandwich-like" appearance is reported in seven patients with Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Retroperitoneal adenopathy was present in all seven patients. In six, a correct prospective diagnosis was made and a major revision of therapeutic planning occurred. Laparotomy was deferred in three patients. The anatomy, pathophysiology, and clinical importance are detailed. PMID- 7352233 TI - In utero diagnosis of Beckwith--Wiedemann syndrome by ultrasound. PMID- 7352234 TI - The anechoic retroplacental area: a pitfall in diagnosis of placental- endometrial abnormalities during pregnancy. AB - A total of 116 consecutive obstetric ultrasound examinations were reviewed. An anechoic area was observed at the placental-endometrial junctionin all 54 fundal placentas, 51 of the 52 posterior placentas, and 9 of the 36 anterior placentas. Detail was enhanced by use of a focused transducer with digital gray-scale equipment, and visualization of anterior placentas was improved by placing a water bath between the transducer and the skin surface. The anechoic area was seen beginning in the twelfth week of gestation and corresponds best to the dilated vessels of the decidua basalis. PMID- 7352235 TI - Potential hazard to ultrasonographers from previously administered radionuclides. AB - The authors discuss the potential radiation hazard to the ultrasonographer from patients who have received radionuclides for nuclear medicine studies. Data are presented for 24 of the more than 30 patients measured, and radiation levels of 10 mR/hr (0.72 nA/kg) over the abdomen and 5 mR/hr (0.358 nA/kg) at the tableside were obtained from some patients. In one unusual case, 40 mR/hr (2.88 nA/kg) and 8 mR/hr (0.58 nA/kg) at the position of the sonographer's hands and gonads, respectively, were recorded. These levels indicate that ultrasonographers should be considered radiation workers and should be monitored for radiation exposure. PMID- 7352236 TI - Stress fracture in soldiers: a multifocal bone disorder. A comparative radiological and scintigraphic study. AB - Forty-two military recruits with suspected stress fractures were evaluated by radiographs and radionuclide images. In 3 cases, both studies were negative. The initial radiograph was negative in 13 patients and positive in 29. Many foci shown by the radionuclide image were negative on the radiograph, particularly in the tarsal region. Thus stress fractures are often multifocal and may remain radiographically negative. PMID- 7352237 TI - Urinary excretion of 99mTc administered as microspheres. AB - 99mTc-albumin microspheres were administered intravenously and urinary radioactivity was determined for various periods up to 25 hours. The average accumulated urinary level was 0.68% of the injected dose at 1 hour and 18.6% at 24 hours. The averaged bladder wall dose was 101.98 mrad (1,019.79 muGy) based on an administered dose of 3 mCi (111 MBq). While the chemical state of the excreted 99mTc was primarily free pertechnetate, some reduced 99mTc species were also excreted. The appearance of 99mTc in the kidneys within the first 15 minutes following injection should not be considered unusual, nor necessarily indicative of right-to-left shunting. PMID- 7352238 TI - The health physics of xenon-127. AB - Dosimetry calculations were performed for clinical ventilation studies in which xenon-127 was used in place of xenon-133. A graphical method for obtaining the maximum permissible concentrations for a facility that uses both isotopes is presented. Shielding requirements are also described. PMID- 7352239 TI - Carcinomas of the anterior tonsillar pillar and the soft palate--uvula: treatment by radiation therapy. AB - Sixty-six patients with carcinomas of the anterior tonsillar pillar and/or soft palate-uvula underwent radiation therapy. Three methods were used: (a) conventional fractionation, (b) a combination of conventional fractionation and radon seed implant, and (c) split course therapy in which two one-week courses were separated by two weeks rest. On time, dose, and fractionation (TDF) factor analysis, no significant difference in the success of tumor control was found between the methods. The determinate disease-free survival at two years was 82.4% for T1, 62.5% for T2, and 56.3% for T3--4 lesions; for the whole group, the two- and five-year determinate values were 67.3% and 59.4%, respectively. PMID- 7352240 TI - Acute hematological tolerance to multiple fraction, whole body, low dose irradiation in an experimental murine system. AB - Using a dose fractionation scheme patterned after the current regimen for treatment of disseminated non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the authors studied the effects of irradiation on progenitor and effector cells for hematopoiesis in five-month old BC3F1 mice. Fractions of 20 or 50 rad (0.2 or 0.5 Gy) total body irradiation were given twice weekly to a final total dose of 200 or 500 rad (2 or 5 Gy), respectively. Weekly assays revealed a marked, sustained depression of stem cell activity, measured as numbers of spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) and in vitro colony-forming cells (CFU-C), without corresponding depression of effector cells (red and white cells, and platelets). The lack of correlation between numbers of stem cells and peripheral elements is relevant to clinical assessment of marrow reserve. PMID- 7352241 TI - Clinical and experimental investigation of a smoothed CT reconstruction algorithm. AB - The usefulness of a smoothed reconstruction CT algorithm was studied using raw data from the EMI Mark I head scanner. The reconstruction algorithm operated on an off-line computer, independent of the EMI algorithm. This technique greatly reduces image noise and improves the visibility of very low-contrast structures, but at the cost of reduced spatial resolution. Phantom tests with contrasts as low as 0.14% demonstrated the validity of the images. Clinical results showed greatly improved visualization of gray and white matter with no increase in dose. It was necessary to expand the CT density scale so that the range from air to water was divided into 2,000 parts. PMID- 7352242 TI - A new ultrasound tissue-equivalent material. AB - Two limitations on the animal-hide gelatin and graphite powder tissue equivalent (TE) materials are that they cannot be produced consistently with speeds of sound less than 1,570 m/s at room temperature (22 degrees C) and that irreparable damage can result if the materials are raised to temperatures above 32.5 degrees C. An acceptable substitute polysaccharide gel (agar) has a high melting point (78 degrees C) and can be made to exhibit speeds of sound over the range 1,498 m/s to over 1,600 m/s at 22 degrees C. Thus TE material made with agar is environmentally stable and can be manufactured to exhibit the important speed of sound, 1,540 m/s. PMID- 7352243 TI - Muscle enlargement in lymphoma patients. AB - Five patients with regional muscle enlargement were identified among 97 lymphoma patients who underwent CT scanning as a part of their work-up. Muscle enlargement occurred in the absence of lymphatic or venous obstruction or direct involvement of the muscle by the tumor. Prompt resolution of the phenomenon was observed following radiotherapy or chemotherapy. PMID- 7352244 TI - Radiation therapy for advanced head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma using twice a-day fractionation. AB - Fifteen patients with massive advanced squamous-cell carcioma of the head and neck received radiation therapy under the twice-a-day fractionation regimen. The purpose was to increase the therapeutic ratio by minimizing sublethal radiation damage to normal tissue while allowing reoxygenation of radioresistant hypoxic tumor cells. Results demonstrated better local control than can be achieved through once-a-day fractionation, with 53% of the patients showing no evidence of primary tumor at the end of therapy, and 60% showing complete regression of cervical lymphadenopathy. PMID- 7352245 TI - Early corticosteroid administration in experimental radiation-induced heart disease. AB - The ability of dexamethasone (DEX) to reduce the severity of the late stage of radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) was assessed in 25 New Zealand white rabbits. Ten rabbits served as unirradiated controls (CONT). In Group A, seven rabbits received intravenous DEX prior to irradiation and every 24 hours for three consecutive days. DEX was not administered to the eight rabbits in Group B. At 100 days postirradiation, the severity of the late state was determined by microscopic examination (MICRO) for myocardial fibrosis and determination of myocardial hydroxyproline content (MHP). Myocardial fibrosis was evident in Groups A (40%) and B (80%) while none was present in CONT by MICRO. One rabbit in Group B with no fibrosis by MICRO had abnormally increased MHP. MHP was significantly increased in Groups A and B, as compared to CONT (p less than 0.01). In addition to less fibrosis by MICRO, Group A demonstrated a significant reduction of MHP when compared to Group B (p less than 0.05). Determination of MHP may be superior to MICRO in the detection of the late stage of RIHD. Also, early DEX administration appears to reduce myocardial collagen content (fibrosis) in this experimental model. PMID- 7352246 TI - Replacing the "fallen out" catheter. AB - A simple method for replacing biliary drainage or nephrostomy catheters that have fallen out is described. The original catheter tract is used. PMID- 7352247 TI - Modification of the portal vein needle set: an aid in transhepatic portography. PMID- 7352248 TI - Localization of vertex lesions on cranial computed tomography. PMID- 7352249 TI - A radiant warmer for fluoroscopic procedures. PMID- 7352250 TI - Transducer selection for pancreatic ultrasound based on skin to pancreas distance in the supine and upright position. AB - In order to match the focal zone of the transducer with the depth of the organ, skin to pancreas distances were measured in 58 patients undergoing ultrasound studies. The measurements showed that a dynamically focused transducer would be most useful. In other cases the results of such measuring would help determine the selection of an appropriate transduction device. PMID- 7352251 TI - Problems with India ink skin markings. AB - India ink skin markings allow consistently reproducible radiation field setups. The authors report a case in which a facial tattoo was applied with an injection, resulting in permanent "black eyes." The vaccination technique has not been associated with this complication. PMID- 7352252 TI - A technique for the treatment of large irregular fields. AB - Each method of producing irregular shaped fields has its own particular advantage. This report describes one technique of irregular field production with minimal handling of the shielding material, tapered shielding to provide the greatest accuracy in the field shape, and rapid achievement of patient setup. The reproducibility of these fields is considered. PMID- 7352253 TI - Improved external radiation technique for the treatment of carcinoma involving lower rectovaginal areas. AB - The authors describe a technique which allows minimal radiation of the perineum while permitting delivery of a nearly homogenous radiation dose to a carcinoma involving the lower vagina and rectosigmoid colon as well as the pelvic lymph nodes. PMID- 7352254 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnostic approach to cavernous hemangioma of the liver. PMID- 7352255 TI - Disorders of human hemoglobin. AB - Studies of the human hemoglobin system have provided new insights into the regulation of expression of a group of linked human genes, the gamma-delta-beta globin gene complex in man. In particular, the thalassemia syndromes and related disorders of man are inherited anemias that provide mutations for the study of the regulation of globin gene expression. New methods, including restriction enzyme analysis and cloning of cellular DNA, have made it feasible to define more precisely the structure and organization of the globin genes in cellular DNA. Deletions of specific globin gene fragments have already been found in certain of these disorders and have been applied in prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 7352256 TI - Psychotherapy works, but for whom? PMID- 7352257 TI - Women gain parity in smoking-related ailments. PMID- 7352258 TI - New protein sequenator with increased sensitivity. PMID- 7352259 TI - Human fibroblast interferon: amino acid analysis and amino terminal amino acid sequence. AB - The purification of human fibroblast interferon has been simplified to a two-step procedure consisting of affinity chromatography on Blue Sepharose and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrlamide gel electrophoresis. A preliminary amino acid composition and the sequence of the 13 amino-terminal residues of homogeneous interferon prepared by this method is reported. PMID- 7352260 TI - Amino terminal sequence of the major component of human lymphoblastoid interferon. AB - Homogeneous human lymphoblastoid interferon with an apparent molecular size of 18,500 daltons was characterized by its amino acid composition. Analysis of the amino terminal sequence by Edman degradation indicates that the sequence is unique. PMID- 7352261 TI - Mouse interferons: amino terminal amino acid sequences of various species. AB - Mouse interferons of three size classes (A, 35,000 to 40,000 daltons; B, 26,000 to 33,000 daltons; and C, 20,000 daltons) were purified from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells infected with Newcastle disease virus. The sequences of the first 24 amino acids (No. 17 has not been identified) of interferons A and B are identical. The sequence of the first 20 amino acids of interferon C differs from that of A and B in 18 positions. There is partial homology in amino terminal sequence between mouse interferons A (or B) and a human fibroblast interferon and between mouse interferon C and a human lymphoblastoid interferon. PMID- 7352262 TI - Splanchnic somatostatin: a hormonal regulator of nutrient homeostasis. AB - Free (approximately 1600 daltons) somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was identified in arterial plasma of dogs that had received a test meal. Neutralization of circulating somatostatin while the dogs were consuming a fatty meal increased the plasma concentrations of triglycerides, gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide, and insulin after the meal. It is concluded that, in the dog, somatostatin is a true hormone that regulates the movement of nutrients from the gut to the internal environment. PMID- 7352263 TI - Laminar organization of thalamic projections to the rat neocortex. AB - Nerve fibers transmitting information from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex may be classified according to their major cortical layers of termination. (i) One class consists of inputs from thalamic relay nuclei for vision, audition, and somesthesis to layer IV, layer III, or both. In contrast, autoradiographic studies of projections from other thalamic nuclei reveal strikingly different patterns of termination: (ii) layer VI (or layer V, or both) is the target of fibers from the intralaminar nuclei, and (iii) layer I is the target for fibers from the ventromedial and magnocellular medial geniculate nuclei. (iv) The remaining class is typified by termination both in layer I and in additional layers that depend on the cortical area in which the terminations are found. The data demonstrate that convergent thalamic inputs to a given cortical area are usually not confluent within a layer and provide a new frame-work for categorizing thalamic nuclei. PMID- 7352264 TI - Erythrosine (Red No. 3) and its nonspecific biochemical actions: what relation to behavioral changes? AB - Biochemical studies have shown that the ability of erythrosine to inhibit dopamine uptake into brain synaptosomal preparations is dependent on the concentration of tissue present in the assay mixture. Thus, the finding that erythrosine inhibits dopamine uptake (which, if true, would provide a plausible explanation of the Feingold hypothesis of childhood hyperactivity) may simply be an artifact that results from nonspecific interactions with brain membranes. In addition, although erythrosine given parenterally (50 milligrams per kilogram) did not alter locomotor activity of control of 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats, erythrosine (50 to 300 milligrams per kilogram) attenuated the effect of punishment in a "conflict" paradigm. PMID- 7352265 TI - Red blood cells: their dual role in thrombus formation. AB - Red blood cells may have a physical and chemical effect on the interaction between platelets and blood vessel surfaces. Under flow conditions in which primarily physical effects prevail, platelet adhesion increases fivefold as hematocrit values increase from 10 to 40 percent but undergoes no further increase from 40 to 70 percent, implying a saturation of the transport-enhancing capabilities of red cells. For flow conditions in which platelet-surface reactivity is more dominant, platelet adhesion and thrombus formation increase monotonically as hematocrit values increase from 10 to 70 percent. Thus red cells may have a significant influence on hemostasis and thrombosis; the nature of the effect is apparently related to the flow conditions. PMID- 7352266 TI - Electroreception in the ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei). AB - Behavioral and neurophysiological experiments and anatomical work indicate that the ampullar structures on the head of fish of the subclass Holocephali are sense organs responsive to weak electric fields and are functionally and structurally homologous to the ampullae of Lorenzini in elasmobranchs. It is concluded that, as in elasmobranchs, these organs are used to detect bioelectric and other natural electric phenomena in the environment. PMID- 7352267 TI - Mendelian units of inheritance control color preferences in quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica). AB - Genetic analysis of approach preferences for blue and red colors in 1-day-old, experientially naive quail, at 12th through 14th generations of bidirectional genetic selection, implicate four to eight segregating units of inheritance. Because the quails' initial approach choices are also readily modifiable by experience, these results point the way to studying the mediation of gene effects, environment effects, and gene-environment interactions in visually guided behaviors. PMID- 7352268 TI - Cigarette smoking associated with sleep difficulty. AB - A group of 50 smokers experienced greater sleep difficulty than a group of 50 nonsmokers matched by age and sex. The two groups did not differ in personality patterns or drug consumption. Also, sleep patterns significantly improved in a group of eight chronic smokers when they abstained from cigarette smoking. These findings are consistent with reports on the stimulant effects of nicotine. PMID- 7352269 TI - Auditory and vocal nuclei in the frog brain concentrate sex hormones. AB - Mate calling by South African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis, is under the control of androgens. Autoradiographic studies demonstrate androgen-concentrating neurons in a motor nucleus that controls mate calling and a midbrain nucleus that is stimulated by sound. Hormone concentration by laryngeal motor neurons suggests that steroids regulate the final common path for vocal behavior. Modulation of auditory sensitivity by hormones could explain seasonal variations in behavioral responsiveness to conspecific vocalizations. PMID- 7352270 TI - Spatial adaptation of short-wavelength pathways in humans. AB - Color-selective spatial adaptation of the short-wavelength, or blue-sensitive, pathway was demonstrated. The adaptation was orientation selective and strongly monocular. Adaptation was assessed by measuring visibility thresholds for monochromatic gratings in subjects adapted to high-contrast violet gratings designed to stimulate only blue-sensitive cones. The results showed spatially selective, adaptable channels within the short-wavelength pathway. PMID- 7352271 TI - Affective discrimination of stimuli that cannot be recognized. AB - Animal and human subjects readily develop strong preferences for objects that have become familiar through repeated exposures. Experimental evidence is presented that these preferences can develop even when the exposures are so degraded that recognition is precluded. PMID- 7352273 TI - Psychotherapy: assessing methods. PMID- 7352272 TI - Behavior patterns in cod released by electrical stimulation of olfactory tract bundlets. AB - The olfactory tracts in the cod (Gadus morhua L.) consist of four bundlets. Three were cut symmetrically in both sides leaving only one of the four bundlets intact. Weak electrical pulses given to the uncut bundlets elicited, for each, a different behavior pattern in free-swimming cod. The results support a spatial basis for olfactory discrimination and open new experimental possibilities linking the neuroanatomical substrate and fish behavior. PMID- 7352274 TI - Health. PMID- 7352275 TI - Osteoporosis: new help for thinning bones. PMID- 7352276 TI - Radioactive plume from the Three Mile Island accident: xenon-133 in air at a distance of 375 kilometers. AB - The transit of an air mass containing radioactive gas released from the Three Mile Island reactor was recorded in Albany, New York, by measuring xenon-133. These measurements provide an evaluation of Three Mile Island effluents to distances greater than 100 kilometers. Two independent techniques identified xenon-133 in ambient air at concentrations as high as 3900 picocuries per cubic meter. The local gamma-ray whole-body dose from the passing radioactivity amounted to 0.004 millirem, or 0.004 percent of the annual dose from natural sources. PMID- 7352277 TI - Angiotoxicity of oxygenated sterols and possible precursors. AB - Cell death, inflammation, and repair in rabbits' aortas and pulmonary arteries were observed at 3-, 7-, and 10-day periods after the intravenous injection of oxygenated sterols. Thus, oxygenated sterols, not cholesterol, may play the primary role in arterial wall injury and lesion development. PMID- 7352278 TI - Electrophysiological signs of split-second decision-making. AB - When young adults detected auditory stimuli at split-second intervals, different components of the event-related brain potentials showed markedly different speeds of recovery. The P3 component (latency 300 to 350 milliseconds) was fully recovered at intervals of less than 1.0 second, while the N1--P2 components (latencies 100 to 180 milliseconds) were markedly attenuated with stimulus repetition even at longer interstimulus intervals. Thus, the N1--P2 recovers much more slowly than a subject's ability to evaluate signals, whereas the P3 appears to be generated at the same high rates as the decision processes with which it is associated. PMID- 7352279 TI - Buprenorphine suppresses heroin use by heroin addicts. AB - Heroin-dependent men were given buprenorphine (a partial opiate agonist antagonist) or a placebo under duoble-blind conditions on a clinical research ward where they could acquire heroin (21 to 40.5 milligrams per day, intravenously). Buprenorphine significantly (P less than .001) suppressed the self-administration of heroin over 10 days. Control subjects took between 93 and 100 percent of the available heroin. The effects of buprenorphine were dose dependent; a dose of 8 milligrams per day reduced heroin use by 69 to 98 percent; a dose of 4 milligrams per day reduced heroin use by 45 percent. Termination of buprenorphie maintenance did not result in opiate withdrawal signs or symptoms. The subjects liked buprenorphine and indicated that it was preferable to methadone or naltrexone. Buprenorphine should be a safe and effective new pharmacotherapy for heroin dependence. PMID- 7352280 TI - Distribution of active gene sequences: a subset associated with tightly bound chromosomal proteins. AB - The distribution of active polyadenylate-messenger RNA sequences in fractionated chicken liver chromatin was examined. A portion of these active gene sequences is concentrated in a DNA fraction retained by tightly bound nonhistone chromosomal proteins, while the nonretained DNA fraction is substantially depleted of a portion of these sequences. These findings suggest that the tightly bound nonhistones are physically associated with a subset of active gene sequences. PMID- 7352281 TI - Visual effects of auditory deprivation: common intermodal and intramodal factors. AB - Visual temporal acuity, as measured by the critical flicker frequency decreased and then increased during 24 hours of auditory deprivation. This intermodal effect is similar to intramodal changes in the critical flicker frequency of the nonoccluded eye during monocular deprivation; a single mechanism appears to underlie both phenomena. PMID- 7352282 TI - OSHA develops new cancer policy. PMID- 7352283 TI - Ski trips cost researcher his job. PMID- 7352284 TI - Oxidative transformations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on coal fly ash. AB - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed onto coal fly ash were found to be stabilized against photochemical decomposition. However, a number of adsorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons will spontaneously oxidize in the absence of light, with those compounds containing a benzylic carbon being particularly susceptible. The decomposition rate appears to be fly ash-dependent. PMID- 7352285 TI - Abnormality of the X chromosome in human 46,XY female siblings with dysgenetic ovaries. AB - An abnormal extra band was found on the short arm of the X chromosome in a 46,XY female and in her 46,XY female fetal sibling. Despite presence of the intact Y chromosome, there was no evidence of testicular differentiation in either subject. Production of H-Y antigen was suppressed in both subjects. The data suggest that development of the mammalian testis requires a normal function of the X chromosome. PMID- 7352286 TI - Lactate dehydrogenases of Atlantic hagfish: physiological and evolutionary implications of a primitive heart isozyme. AB - Isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase from heart and muscle of Atlantic hagfish show less functional divergence than those from other fishes and higher vertebrates. The enzyme from hagfish heart (B4) displays a higher Michaelis constant for pyruvate and lower substrate inhibition at moderate pyruvate concentrations than heart isozymes from other species. These properties support the hypothesis that the ancestral vertebrate lactate dehydrogenase was a muscle (A4)-type enzyme and also suggest a role for the B4 enzyme in the unusual physiology of hagfish cardiac tissue which functions under sustained hypoxic conditions. PMID- 7352288 TI - Access of urinary nonvolatiles to the mammalian vomeronasal organ. AB - Guinea pigs were allowed to investigate urine that contained rhodamine, a nonvolatile fluorescent dye. Guinea pigs given free access to dyed urine exhibited fluorescence in their vomeronasal and septal organs but not on their olfactory epithelium. Fluorescence was not seen when unadulterated urine was presented. Thus compounds of low volatility, which do not reach the olfactory epithelium, may stimulate the vomeronasal system and provide information that is normally not provided by gustation or olfaction. PMID- 7352287 TI - Asymmetrically permeable membrane channels in cell junction. AB - Asymmetric membrane junctions were formed in culture by pairing two cell types which, in their respective homologous junctions, have cell-cell channels of different permselectivities. The channels in the asymmetric junction, presumably made of unequal channel precursors, displayed directional permselectivity; fluorescent labeled glutamic acid (700 daltons), but not smaller and less polar permeant molecules, traversed the junction more readily in one direction than in the other. The favored direction was the one where the permeant passed first through the cell membrane that would have the less restrictive channels in a homologous junction. This directional selectivity requires no electric field across the junction and is thus distinct from a rectifying junction. The physiological potential of such directional molecular sieving for partitioning communication between tissue cells of different function and developmental fate are discussed. PMID- 7352289 TI - Filter-mediated color vision with one visual pigment. AB - The compound eye of the grasshopper Phlaeoba has alternating bands that appear clear or brown. Electroretinograms recorded from the individual bands have different action spectra: The spectrum of the clear band peaks at 525 nanometers and that of the brown band at 545 nanometers. Spectrally selective whole-eye adaptation with light of eight long of short wavelength yields identical action spectra. This evidence suggests that this eye has only one visual pigment, whose spectrum is altered in the brown bands by a screening pigment. In behavioral tests of spontaneous choices between stimuli that appear green to the normal human and those that appear red, the green stimuli are preferred even when the relative intensity is varied by 0.9 log units around the equal-brightness level (determined by the electroretinogram). When some red light is mixed with the green light, the preference for the mixture is less than for the green light alone, even though the mixture is more intense. True color vision therefore seems to exist. Painting the bands shows that behavioral color vision requires the presence of both types. These data suggest that Phlaeoba has true color vision mediated by one visual pigment and suitable optical filters. PMID- 7352290 TI - Hummingbirds see near ultraviolet light. AB - Three species of hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri, Lampornis clemenciae, and Eugenes fulgens) were trained to make visual discriminations between lights of different spectral content. On the basis of initial choices of feeders following a period of conditioning, birds of all three species were able to distinguish near ultraviolet (370 nanometers, 20-nanometer half bandwidth) from darkness (unilluminated viewing screen) or from the small amount of far red light that leaked through the ultraviolet-transmitting glass filter. A human observer was unable to make either discrimination. The birds were also able to distinguish white lights lacking wavelengths shorter than 400 nanometers from the full spectrum of the quartz-halogen bulbs. One can infer that the cone oil droplets, which have been lost from the retinas of most mammals, provide a potentially more flexible system for restricting the short wavelength end of the visible spectrum than does the filtering action of lens and macula that serves this function in the human eye. PMID- 7352291 TI - Nursing frequency, gonadal function, and birth spacing among !Kung hunter gatherers. AB - Mothers among !Kung hunter-gatherers nurse briefly and frequently, with brief intervals between nursing bouts (mean +/- standard error, 13.19 +/- 1.28 minutes). The low levels of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone in the serum of the mother are correlated with infant's age and with interbout interval, but not with total nursing time. Maternal gonadal function is apparently suppressed by a timing-dependent, prolactin-mediated effect of breast stimulation. Interbout interval may be a key variable in lactation infertility. If so, it solves the puzzle of !Kung birth spacing. PMID- 7352292 TI - Bronchodilatation: noncholinergic, nonadrenergic mediation demonstrated in vivo in the cat. AB - The composite vagus nerve was stimulated during intravenous infusion of 5 hydroxytryptamine in cats subjected to pharmacologic autonomic blockade with atropine, propranolol, and phentolamine. Bronchial caliber, as assessed by changes in pulmonary resistance, demonstrated a marked dilatation, and dilatation could still be demonstrated after preliminary treatment with reserpine. By stimulating the component branches of the vagus nerve, it was determined that the parasympathetic branch is responsible for this phenomenon. PMID- 7352293 TI - Temperature sensitivity of tone in the rabbit facial vein: myogenic mechanism for cranial thermoregulation. AB - Intrinsic myogenic tone in the buccal segment of the rabbit facial vein is exquisitely sensitive to small changes in temperature in the range 33 degrees to 44 degrees C. This particular venous segment also exhibits a preponderance of beta-adrenergic receptors and receives a dense, medial sympathetic innervation. This area of the vein is proposed to act as a temperature-sensitive sphincter that distributes cooled nasal venous blood between superficial and deep venous drainage systems in the head and neck. Deviation of cool blood to deeper venous sinuses has been shown to be an important thermoregulatory mechanism. PMID- 7352294 TI - High-frequency sensitivity in infants. AB - Auditory thresholds were determined for infants and adults to half-octave bands of noise centered at 10,000 and 19,000 hertz. Adults were significantly more sensitive than infants at 10,000 hertz, but at 19,000 hertz, adults and infants had comparable thresholds. PMID- 7352295 TI - Lateralized cognitive processes and the electroencephalogram. PMID- 7352296 TI - Differential killing of normal and cystic fibrosis fibroblasts by dexamethasone. PMID- 7352297 TI - Clomid administration in rats. PMID- 7352298 TI - Occupational lead exposure and cancer. PMID- 7352299 TI - Hazardous wastes cause international stink. PMID- 7352300 TI - EPA receives first prod on toxic substances. PMID- 7352301 TI - Elevated superoxide dismutase in black alcoholics. AB - Superoxide dismutase concentrations in lysates of erythrocytes from black alcoholics were higher than those of white alcoholics and of nonalcoholics of both races. Higher concentrations of enzyme protein, as determined by competition radioimmunoassay, correspond to proportionately higher enzyme activity. Elevated superoxide dismutase levels were not related to any other clinical, historical, or demographic variables. Increased superoxide dismutase levels may delay or prevent some of the pathological sequelae of alcoholism and may be a useful biological marker for alcohol abuse. PMID- 7352302 TI - Tooth induction in chick epithelium: expression of quiescent genes for enamel synthesis. AB - Intraocular grafts of chick epithelium combined with mouse molar mesenchyme produced a variety of dental structures including perfectly formed crowns with differentiated ameloblasts depositing enamel matrix. The results suggest that the loss of teeth in Aves did not result from a loss of genetic coding for enamel synthesis in the oral epithelium but from an alteration in the tissue interactions requisite for odontogenesis. PMID- 7352303 TI - Tissue specificity of enzyme expression regulated by diffusible factors: evidence in Drosophila hybrids. AB - Pairs of hybridizable species of Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila differ qualitatively in the distributions of specific enzymes in their tissues. An examination of the patterns of enzyme expression in the hybrids showed that, in three instances, absence of an enzyme from a specific tissue was dominant to presence. Since other developmental features indicated that both parental genomes were functioning, these results suggest that, in these cases, the pattern differences in the parental species were due to diffusible factors that affected expression of the relevant structural genes rather than to differences in the genes themselves or in cis-acting regulatory sites. PMID- 7352304 TI - Lowering blood viscosity to overcome vascular resistance. PMID- 7352305 TI - Late genitourinary tract complications associated with severe pelvic injury. AB - The late urologic complications in certain patients with a severe pelvic injury is inevitable, regardless of the immediate form of therapy instituted to the traumatized lower part of the urinary tract. The three most common late genitourinary complications are deep urethral stricture, urinary incontinence and erectile impotency. The modified posterior urethroplasty for deep urethral stricture used in this series is simple and extremely successful. The genitourinary prosthesis was found quite useful in the surgical management of traumatic urinary incontinence and erectile impotency. These surgical techniques have made it possible to rehabilitate totally the crippling urologic sequelae of pelvic trauma. PMID- 7352306 TI - The effects of surgical trauma on plasma amino acid levels in humans. AB - Plasma amino acids were determined in humans after surgical trauma. The plasma amino acids were combined into several groups to determine if specific groups were responsible for alterations. The total concentration of plasma amino acids decreased after the operation and returned to preoperative levels and were elevated by postoperative day 10. The glucogenic amino acids, particularly aspartate and glutamate, were responsible for the decrease. The ketogenic and aromatic amino acids increased after operation. These results are confirmed by those reported in the rat and in humans with other types of operations. Plasma amino acids are not reliable indexes of the type of diet or of malnutrition and, based upon our previous data, are not likely to be reliable indexes of the degree or severity of trauma. The alterations observed after trauma do suggest that basic metabolic pathways are altered after trauma. As has been suggested previously, the alterations in plasma amino acids may relate to their use and possible need as gluconeogenic precursors. Prompt restoration of the plasma pools of those amino acids which appear to be depleted with surgical trauma may influence the course of convalescence. PMID- 7352307 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of moist bacterial strike-through of surgical materials. AB - Scanning electron microscopy was used to demonstrate the process of moist bacterial strike-through of woven and nonwoven surgical materials. Three woven and three nonwoven materials were challenged with an aqueous suspension of Serratia marcescens. The results of these studies confirmed that relatively new, less than 100 cycles of washing and sterilizing, 270 thread Quarpel treated Pima cotton prevents moist bacterial penetration. However, this same woven material when washed and sterilized more than 100 times allowed bacterial penetration. Nonwoven materials prevented penetration only when they were impregnated with plastic or reinforced with a plastic film. Prevention of moist bacterial strike through of surgical materials, whether they be woven or nonwoven, is dependent upon the effectiveness of their waterproof quality. In woven materials, we have confirmed our previous findings indicating that loss of waterproof characteristics, which occurs after 75 washing-sterilizing cyclings, leads to permeability and to moist bacterial strike-through, regardless of the weave density. In nonwoven materials, dependable resistance to moist bacterial strike, through was achieved only when all moisture penetration was prevented by reinforcement with waterproof plastic film. PMID- 7352308 TI - Selective management of high risk patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm. AB - One hundred and eighty-seven patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm seen during a 15 year period were denied operation at the time of initial evaluation because of the small size of the aneurysm or serious medical contraindications, or both. Seven patients were operated upon because of rupture, 16 because of symptomatic expansion, 13 because of increase in size to greater than 6 centimeters and six because of improvement in medical status. Operative related deaths occurred in five of the seven patients operated upon for rupture, four of the 16 patients operated upon because of symptomatic expansion and one of the 19 patients operated upon electively. Of the 153 patients selectively observed, 74 died during the follow-up period; 20 deaths were aneurysm related. while 54 deaths were due to associated disease. Sixteen of 18 patients with a rupture of the aneurysm died as a result. In the entire group of 187 patients, the cumulative survival rate was 44 per cent at five years and 27 per cent at ten years. Results of this study support the current management of high risk patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms but suggest that there is a need for an even more aggressive approach to patient selection. PMID- 7352309 TI - Crohn's disease in the older patient. AB - The progress of 141 consecutive patients with Crohn's disease, operated upon by the same surgeons, was examined. Patients were compared by age of onset of the disease. Few patients with Crohn's disease were older than 50 years of age and even less had a diagnosis after this age. Nevertheless, there are certain features that appear to single out these patients. It appears that Crohn's disease in patients older than 50 years in whom the disease was diagnosed before the age of 50 years, mimics that of the younger patients. An operative recurrence is not common and the mortality minimal. Patients in whom the disease is diagnosed after the age of 50 years have a relatively short duration of symptoms, no fistulas and no hydronephorosis; hemorrhage was a more common indication for operation than was intractability. These patients have just as severe a course, if not more so, than the younger patients with a marked operative recurrence and complications requiring reoperation and a significant mortality. Subsequent to all operations, all these older patients still require medical treatment and, yet, are symptomatic. PMID- 7352310 TI - Infantile umbilical hernia. AB - Two types of hernia appear to exist, a direct, cogenital type and an oblique indirect, acquired type. The congenital type will, in almost all instances, disappear by the age of three years, regardless of its size. It is unlikely that the indirect type of hernia will disappear; on the contrary, it is more likely to progress and become larger. It will, therefore, most probably require surgical repair. It is rarely possible to distinguich the two types at clinical examination, unless the hernia is quite large, but persistence after three years favors the oblique type, as does also marked downward displacement of the umbilicus with a clinical appearance of herniation descending from above. Since strangulation is a rarity in congenital umbilical hernia, operation is not warranted until the age of three years. Thereafer, the hernia is unlikely to disappear on its own. It is postulated that the wide variations in reported incidence, as compared with the figures in this study, may be ascribed to methods of patient selection. There was clear evidence of hernia in all instances in the present series; other workers have used less rigid criteria, for example, a defect admitting the finger was regarded as diagnostic of an umbilical hernia. PMID- 7352311 TI - Left intrahepatic cholangiojejunostomy for proximal obstruction of the biliary tract. AB - Good palliation from high neoplastic obstruction of the biliary system was achieved by direct anastomosis of the duct draining hepatic segment III to a Roux en-Y loop of jejunum in six patients. Roentgenologically guided transcutaneous drainage of intrahepatic ducts may be desirable as a preliminary to surgical drainage in severely icteric patients. With improvements in methods of transcutaneous intubation, the selection of proper patients for surgical drainage will be a fine point of judgment. PMID- 7352312 TI - Pancreatography with contrast medium containing polyethylene hydrogenated castor oil. AB - A new contrast medium has been used for endoscopic pancreatography. Good visualization of the pancreas was obtained by this method. No side-effects of this method were observed by clinical and histologic examination, either in clinical or experimental studies. Clinically, the new method provided more detailed information regarding pancreatic changes in chronic pancreatitis. It is suggested that this method may make detection of a small tumor of the pancreas in the parenchyma and permit earlier diagnosis of carcinoma of the pancreas. PMID- 7352314 TI - Early results of simplified proximal high selective transgastric vagotomy without drainage. AB - The technique of preservation of the antral vagal nerve supply of the stomach and division of the transverse gastric branches of the nerves of Latarjet remains unchanged. However, if the evidence suggests that there is an ascending branch of the vagus crow's foot extending to the gastric body, this branch should be transmurally divided at the level in which it reaches the acid secreting boundary. Transection of the hiatal cardioesophageal vagus nerve branches as well as of the nerve branches accompanying the arteries entering the fundus of the stomach is replaced by transgastric intramural transection and excision of all nerve fibers entering the fundus of the stomach. Six months to one year results after the application of proximal transgastric vagotomy in 51 patients with uncomplicated duodenal ulcers have shown no mortality and insignificant morbidity. The previous ulcer symptoms disappeared. Dumping syndrome, recurrent ulcer and other signigicant complications have not been observed. PMID- 7352313 TI - Right trisegmentectomy for hepatic neoplasms. AB - Thirty patients had right trisegmentectomy for 19 primary hepatic malignant tumors, seven localized liver metastases and four benign lesions. A technical refinement that aided resection of bulky posterior and superior tumors was intrahepatic identification and control of the right hepatic vein. The operative mortality was 3.3 per cent. Late hepatic insufficiency was not observed. More than one-half of the patients operated upon a year or more ago for primary hepatic malignant growths had a tumor-free state at the 12 month follow-up period. Beyond this time, there was only one recurrence. The results in children were twice as good as in adults. The results in treating localized liver metastases from distant primary sites were inferior to those in treating primary hepatic tumors. A hypothetical case was made for combining hepatic resection with adjuvant chemotherapy, even though our experience could not be construed as direct support for this practice. PMID- 7352315 TI - Excessive caloric expenditure as a cause of malnutrition in patients with cancer. AB - The resting metabolic expenditure of 65 patients with advanced cancer was measured by indirect calorimetry. Resting metabolic expenditure was found to be abnormally high in about 60 per cent of the patients, and there was a strong correlation between resting metabolic expenditure and weight loss and between resting metabolic expenditure and variation in serum transferrin. No relation was observed between resting metabolic expenditure and serum albumin or between resting metabolic expenditure and creatinine-height index. We suggest that these high values of resting metabolic rate, despite the weight loss and starvation, could play a role in the genesis of malnutrition in patients with cancer. The importance of these findings for an adequate planning of nutritional rehabilitation of patients with cancer is emphasized. PMID- 7352316 TI - A revolution in sutures. PMID- 7352317 TI - Renal insufficiency after intravenous pyelography. PMID- 7352318 TI - A modified technique for subclavian venipuncture. PMID- 7352320 TI - Operative technique for the correction of congenital obstruction of the duodenum in the neonate. AB - More than 30 newborn infants with a congenital obstruction of the duodenum were managed by the technique described. There have been no deaths or anastomotic complications. None of the patients has experienced any problems related to the respoitioning of the midgut at long term follow-up study. PMID- 7352319 TI - An easier method of esophagojejunostomy. PMID- 7352321 TI - Therapy of malignant brain tumors: an update on progress. PMID- 7352322 TI - Exercise stress testing: an overview, 1979. PMID- 7352323 TI - Psychogenic water intoxication: a fatality. PMID- 7352324 TI - The family and premature infant after neonatal intensive care. PMID- 7352326 TI - Hospital liability risks not basis for usurping authority of medical staff. PMID- 7352325 TI - Patterns of medical services utilization and health care attitudes in a rural Texas population. PMID- 7352327 TI - [Data in triplicate (author's transl)]. AB - Processing and supplying data using electronic aids will increase to a further extent. Everyone is confronted with this fact. It is being made use of by many livestock farmers already. Milk-recording, coupling of milk-recording data, and concentrate feeding, crop and soil analysis and continuous economical book keeping, are briefly discussed. In view of the number of dairy farms, there must be much information which can also be used by veterinarians and local agricultural advisory officers. Effective co-operation between the groups rendering these services may enhance the value of information. PMID- 7352328 TI - [Use of the computer in herd health programmes (author's transl)]. AB - To ensure efficient management, a continuous flow of information should be available to the farmer. This can be achieved by external or internal data processing systems. In external systems, farm data is automatically processed by a central computer in the majority of cases. The practical drawback to internal data-processing systems is that analysis has to be done manually. This disadvantage can be overcome when the computer is brought to the farm. However, this development is currently hampered by a lack of tested programmes. It is essential that effective programmes should be developed quickly. In addition, it would be advantageous if external and internal information could be complementary and interchangeable. This would warrant the establishment of a nation-wide data bank. PMID- 7352329 TI - [Organizational features and uses of computers for private veterinarians (author's transl)]. AB - A number of organizational features and uses are considered in the light of experience in human health care. Although the apparatus is becoming increasingly cheaper, the complexity and costs of software require combining knowledge and experience. For the use of computers to be successful, an early start should be made with the standardization and unification of procedures and recording of data. This is the only means of ensuring over-all solutions and an effective interchange of data in the future. Proceeding from a subsequent rendering of services, interaction is perceptible between the organization of labour and practical uses of computers. It is essential that mutual arrangements should be incorporated in the current procedures at an early state. This will ensure early acceptance of the use of computers by future users. PMID- 7352330 TI - [The presence of Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni in normal slaughtered pigs (author's transl)]. AB - As part of epidemiological studies the intestinal contents of 300 normal slaughtered pigs were examined for the presence of C. fetus jejuni. Samples were collected from six different slaughter houses. From 182 of these samples (60.7 per cent) C. fetus spp. jejuni was isolated using the method as described by Lauwers (8). Isolates were confirmed by the results of the following tests: oxidase, catalase, motility, growth at 25 degrees C, production of H2S, reduction of nitrate, growth in 3.5 per cent NaCl and utilisation of glucose and urea. PMID- 7352331 TI - Corynebacterium equi in cattle and pigs. AB - The cervical lymph nodes of pigs, the retropharyngeal and submandibular lymph nodes of cattle and faecal samples from both animal species were examined for the presence of Corynebacterium equi. The organism was recovered from 19 (35 per cent) of 54 porcine cervical lymph nodes and from 0 of 54 bovine retropharyngeal and submandibular lymph nodes. Fifteen (50 per cent) of 30 bovine faecal and 11 (35 per cent) of 31 porcine faecal samples yielded C. equi. PMID- 7352332 TI - Osteochondrosis in six breeds of slaughter pigs. I. A morphological investigation of the status of osteochondrosis in relation to breed and level of feeding. AB - The severity and extent of osteochondral lesions have been examined, macroscopically, radiographically as well as histopathologically, in six different breeds of pigs (Belgian Landrace (B), Duroc (D), Dutch Landrace (N), Dutch Yorkshire (G), Hampshire (H) and Pietrain (P)). In these pigs three different levels of feeding were used. Duroc pigs had significantly more severe lesions in the fore limbs than Dutch Landrace (N), Dutch Yorkshire (G), Hampshire (H) and Pietrain (P) pigs, while Belgian Landrace pigs (B) had significant more severe lesions than Dutch Yorkshire (G) pigs. The differences between breeds related more to the degree of severity of the lesions in the articular surfaces of the distal humerus and proximal radius-ulna and in the distal ulnar growth plate than to the presence of the lesions per se. In the hind limbs Belgian Landrace pigs (B) had significantly more severe osteochondral lesions than all other breeds, while Dutch Landrace pigs (N) had significantly more severe lesions than Duroc (D), Dutch Yorkshire (G), Hampshire (H) and Pietran (P) pigs. Pigs with the highest growth rate showed significantly more severe osteochondral lesions in the distal ulnar growth plate and in the medial femoral condyle than pigs with a more restricted growth rate. PMID- 7352333 TI - Blood parasites of sheep in the Netherlands. II. Babesia motasi (Sporozoa, Babesiidae). AB - A large Babesia species occurs in sheep on the North Sea islands of the Netherlands. The tick Haemaphysalis punctata is a vector. Its pathogenicity appears to be low. It is morphologically similar to a Turkish strain, considered to be B. motasi, which is also transmitted by Haemaphysalis ticks. It differs from the Turkish parasite serologically as well as in cross-immunity tests and in not being effective to goats. There may be a group of morphologically similar parasites with serological differences and different infectivity for sheep and goats. As it is impossible to know which one is to be considered as the original B. motasi, we designate the Dutch parasite as B. motase (Netherlands). Anaplasma mesaeterum was found to occur on the island of Texel as well as on Ameland, where it had been found initially. PMID- 7352334 TI - Osteochondrosis in six breeds of slaughter pigs. II. Data concerning carcass characteristics in relation to osteochondrosis. AB - Coefficients of correlation have been calculated between morphological lesion scores of osteochondrosis that were made on the bones of porcine fore and hind limbs and some carcass characteristics. It was found that carcass length, as well as the relative weights of the hams were significantly correlated with the lesions that were observed in the proximal site of the femur and the medial femoral condyle. Despite these significant correlations, the values of the correlation coefficients were too small to be of any use for selection purposes. This applies the whole animal population, consisting of 6 breeds of pigs. It is shown that the coefficients of correlation between the morphological lesion scores of the femur and the relative weights of the hams in some of the individual breeds were much higher, implying a possibility for the prediction of osteochondrosis based on carcass characteristics. PMID- 7352335 TI - [Measuring the body temperature of veal calves by an electronic thermometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7352336 TI - Renal angiomyolipoma: diagnosis and management. AB - Renal angiomyolipoma is a benign tumor. Use of excretory urography, plain tomography, arteriography, ultrasound, and computerized tomography can usually provide the diagnosis. Appropriate operative or nonoperative management can then be determined for the individual patient. PMID- 7352337 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis and aortic aneurysm. AB - A case of bilateral ureteral obstruction associated with an abdominal aortic aneurysm is presented. The increasing frequency of this association suggests investigation of the upper urinary tract in patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm and abdominal ultrasound in patients with bilateral ureteral obstruction. PMID- 7352338 TI - Pressure effects of urinary reflux studied with renal autotransplantation and pyelocystostomy. AB - The pressure effects of urinary reflux on renal structure and function were studied using a canine model in which the kidney was autotransplanted to the iliac fossa and the urine drained through a pyelocystostomy. This provided grade III reflux of urine (distention of the renal pelvis and calyces). A control group of nonrefluxing animals with the ureter and ureterovesical valve intact was studied in an identical fashion, and all animals were observed for one year. The reflux of sterile urine was not associated with any impairment of the inulin clearance or transport maximum of para-aminohippuric acid. There were no histologic abnormalities of glomeruli, tubules, or interstitium noted in the animals exposed to sterile reflux, nor were any differences found between the study and control groups. The transmission of bladder pressures into the renal pelvis and calyces during reflux is considered an unimportant factor in explaining the renal damage noted from sterile reflux of short duration in adults. The pyelocystostomy provides a satisfactory means of urinary drainage, and may be used effectively to study the properties of urinary reflex. PMID- 7352339 TI - Eosinophilic cystitis: advanced disease requiring surgical intervention. AB - Eosinophilic cystitis, a rare disease of unknown origin, simulates bladder neoplasms and interstitial cystitis. Since the first report by Brown in 1959, 35 additional cases have appeared in the literature. Reported here are 3 cases with advanced forms of this disease which failed to respond to antibiotics, antihistamines, steroids, fulguration, and, finally were subjected to cystectomy and urinary diversion after periods of five to fifteen years. PMID- 7352340 TI - Posterior urethral valves: functional classification. AB - Among 37 boys with posterior urethral valves (PUV), the clinical courses could be divided into three functional levels of severity which did not always correspond to the traditional anatomic classification of valves. Children with PUV presented at all ages, had varying degrees of renal impairment, and manifested a variety of voiding symptoms. Eleven patients progressed to uremia, but the progression did not correlate with the presence of vesicoureteral reflux or the extent of the voiding dysfunction. Two patients with PUV fathered children eighteen and twenty one years, respectively, after recognition of their valves. A functional classification of PUV patients is suggested as a way to overcome long-standing bias about the levels of kidney function attainable after primary valve treatment. PMID- 7352341 TI - Complications associated with surgical repair of urethrovaginal fistula. AB - We present 4 patients seen in the last five years with urethrovaginal fistulas involving the mid or proximal urethra. Our experience in the transvaginal repair of these fistulas has been disappointing. The best chance for the development of a functioning continent urethra is by suprapubic bladder flap technique or bladder tube replacement with suprapubic urinary diversion. We suggest that no urethral catheter be placed. Complications following surgical repair have been fistula recurrence, urethral shortening and retraction, persistent reflux, bladder calculi, and bladder cancer. PMID- 7352342 TI - Vesicovaginal fistulas in childhood. AB - Six instances of childhood vesicovaginal fistulas are reviewed. Emphasis is on avoidance of such occurrences. Management should be by careful co-optation and individual closure of layers. Success was ultimately achieved in all patients. PMID- 7352343 TI - "Penile blood pressure"--a clarification. AB - The phrase "penile blood pressure" would appear to be a misnomer. The penis is supplied by six arteries, and blood pressure measurements should be reported in each one. Blood pressure is difficult to measure in the deep cavernosal arteries, which are the most important for erection. Doppler ultrasound studies of arterial pulses in all six arteries are probably of more value than "penile blood pressure" in assessing vascular impotency. PMID- 7352344 TI - Prolactin--added dimension in male genitosexual disorders. AB - Prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas known to cause amenorrhea and galactorrhea in the female have been implicated recently in male infertility and impotence. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of prolactin and of the choices of treatment for these tumors is an important adjunct to the urologist's armamentarium. PMID- 7352345 TI - Hydrometrocolpos and polydactyly. AB - Two cases of hydrometrocolpos and polydactyly in female infants with persistent urogenital sinus are reported. The importance of considering hydrometrocolpos as the cause of an abdominal mass in female infants with polydactyly is stressed. Cytologic examination of the vaginal fluid may help in early diagnosis. PMID- 7352346 TI - Early definitive urologic management of patient with crush pelvic trauma and deep perineal laceration. AB - Crush pelvic injury with deep perineal laceration provides a unique situation for the urologist to examine directly avulsed urinary structures. Although the operative field may be fecally contaminated, and the prospect of sepsis likely, an aggressive approach of primary repair of the urinary tract may avoid future complexities in reconstruction. A multidsciplinary approach is a prerequisite to deciding on proper therapeutic modalities. PMID- 7352347 TI - Use of cryoprecipitate coagulum in extracting renal calculi. AB - Human cryoprecipitated plasma can form an extractable coagulum which will effectively remove renal calculi in selected cases. We successfully used this blood product and a simplified injection technique in 30 patients undergoing surgery for upper tract calculi. Coagulum pyelolithotomy was performed in 24 cases with removal of all stones in 23 (96 per cent). In 6 patients incomplete stone removal by conventional operative methods was successfully completed by using the coagulum as an adjunctive procedure. In 10 of the 30 cases (33 per cent) radiographically "silent" calculi were recovered within the cryoprecipitate clot. The advantages of cryoprecipitate over previously reported blood products, certain technical simplifications, and the appropriate clinical indications for the coagulum procedure are discussed. PMID- 7352348 TI - Spontaneous renal rupture in pregnancy. AB - A review of the literature reveals 9 cases of spontaneous renal rupture in pregnancy, to which we add another case. Most cases occurred in hydronephrotic kidneys. Four cases consisted of renal rupture without associated infection, or tumor, 3 were associated with abscesses, and 3 ruptured through renal hamartomas. Previously, all ruptured kidneys were removed. In our case the kidney was salvaged satisfactorily by prompt placement of a nephrostomy tube and drainage of the perirenal tissue. Attempt at renal salvage is urged for renal supture in pregnancy. PMID- 7352349 TI - Modification of cavernoglandibular shunt for priapism. PMID- 7352350 TI - Relocation of accessory vessels at ureteropelvic juncture using capsular flap. PMID- 7352352 TI - Barr bodies in testis with Klinefelter syndrome. AB - Barr bodies are described in the interstitial cells of testes of a chromatin positive patient with Klinefelter syndrome. Ultrastructural studies confirm the origin of the Barr body from the nuclear chromatin. Ultrastructurally the interstitial cells showed diminished, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets probably indicating impaired function. PMID- 7352351 TI - Pleomorphic microvilli and low-grade human urothelial cancer: need to correlate diagnostic modalities. AB - It is technically feasible to examine human urothelial biopsy specimens by light microscopy after the same specimen has been examined by scanning electron microscopy. This combined microscopic procedure demonstrates that surface microfeatures of human urothelial cells, including pleomorphic microvilli, are variably present in atypical and in malignant vesical tissues. Scanning electron microscopy of a urothelial specimen requires direct light microscopic correlation of the pathologic disorder which is present in a particular area of the specimen which has been examined by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 7352353 TI - Three cases of malakoplakia of prostate. AB - Three cases that were confirmed as malakoplakia of the prostate by means of prostatic biopsy are reported here. All of the patients had a previous history of urinary tract infection with Escherichia coli. These are cases that had not been found in the literature in Japan, and they are deemed the eighth, ninth, and tenth cases of prostatic malakoplakia reported in the world literature. PMID- 7352354 TI - Case profile: giant renal calculi. PMID- 7352355 TI - Diagnosis of ectopic ureterocele using ultrasound. AB - Three children with ectopic ureteroceles were examined with ultrasound, excretory urography, and voiding cystography. In all cases the ultrasound studies outlined the ectopic ureterocele within the bladder. PMID- 7352356 TI - Renal sinus lipomatosis: differentiation from space-occupying lesion with aid of computed tomography. AB - Forty-two cases of renal sinus lipomatosis were diagnosed by intravenous urography and nephrotomography. The differential diagnosis from a malignant process necessitated selective renal angiography in 9 cases. With the aid of computed tomography (CT), an invasive technique such as renal angiography appears to be unnecessary in the differential diagnosis of renal sinus lipomatosis. CT seems to be more accurate since it revealed a concomitant cyst in 2 of 4 cases. PMID- 7352357 TI - Bilateral adrenal metastasis: "head light" sign. AB - Metastatic lesions to the adrenal gland are usually silent, although their incidence is especially high in patients with carcinomas of the breast and lung, and melanoma. After reviewing the sonograms of over 50 patients with adrenal masses, 10 were found to have bilateral metastases. This has prompted us to describe the "head light" sign as an accurate method for diagnosing bilateral adrenal metastases. PMID- 7352358 TI - What is a urodynamics study of upper urinary tract? AB - The urodynamic study of the upper urinary tract is a urologic procedure whose objective is to complement the information obtained by excretion urography in selected cases of documented or suspected upper tract obstruction. The procedure has several steps, all of which can be done by antegrade transcutaneous puncture of the kidney. The first and most important step consists of the simultaneous analysis of resting pelvic pressure, solute concentration in aspirated urine from the renal pelvis, and antegrade pyelogram. This set of data makes up the basic urodynamic evaluation and will be sufficient in many cases for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. However, in selected circumstances of equivocal dilatation or severe kidney atrophy, more complementary information can be gained using antegrade flow studies or temporary diversion by needle nephrostomy, respectively. These conclusions have been based on more than 300 urodynamic evaluations done by the author. PMID- 7352359 TI - Chronic canine distemper virus encephalitis in mature dogs. AB - Five dogs 2 to 8 years old with old dog encephalitis were compared to five other dogs, 4 to 8 1/2 years old, with prolonged multifocal demyelinating distemper encephalitis. The dogs with old dog encephalitis had a diffuse panencephalitis involving most areas of the central nervous system with relative sparing of the cerebellum. The clinical signs were related to the cortical and subcortical lesions. The other dogs had severe focal necrotizing lesions mostly in the cerebellum and in the vicinity of the fourth ventricle; clinical signs were related to brainstem and spinal cord lesions. Viral isolation attempts were unsuccessful in the dogs with old dog encephalitis. In two dogs with multifocal encephalitis, canine distemper virus was isolated in tissue culture. The differences in lesions, clinical signs and observations in vitro indicate differences in pathogenesis between old dog encephalitis and multifocal demyelinating distemper encephalitis although both diseases may be caused by the same agent. PMID- 7352360 TI - The role of the pituitary gland in spontaneous canine mammary tumorigenesis. AB - The morphological changes of the pituitary gland of 29 female dogs with spontaneous mammary tumours or dysplasia or both were correlated with basal serum prolactin, growth hormone, adrenocorticotrophin, thyrotrophin, cortisol, total cholesterol, thyroxine and thyroid binding index as well as with lesions in other endocrine and genital organs. Spontaneous canine mammary tumorigenesis seemed to be associated with increased secretory activity of growth hormone rather than prolactin cells. Depressed secretory activity of follicle stimulating hormone-, luteinizing hormone- and thyrotrophin-producing cells, as well as signs of inhibition of ovarian (anovulation) and thyroid function, were also consistent findings in dogs with mammary tumours. There also was disturbance in pituitary adrenal function associated with hyperplastic and neoplastic changes of the pituitary gland and adrenal cortex. PMID- 7352361 TI - Pathology of deep pectoral myopathy of broilers. AB - Deep pectoral myopathy occurred in 39 of 204 apparently healthy and 46 of 146 ill, adult broiler breeders from Poultry Research Centre flocks. Both sexes and two commercial strains were similarly affected. The myopathy was not associated with any disease except pododermatitis. The supracoracoid was the only muscle affected. It was bilaterally involved in 33 chickens. The lesions were grouped macroscopically into three categories: acute oedema progressing to a green necrosis, centrally located cicatrix, and replacement of the caudal region by fibroadipose tissue. Microscopcially the green lesion consisted of necrotic, anucleate muscle fibres devoid of inflammatory cells and surrounded by a fibrous capsule that had a reactive inner border and externally abutted on normal and regenerating muscle or fibro-adipose tissue. Considered with the ultrastructural findings of early loss of glycogen and disintegration of sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, nuclei and Z lines, these findings indicate that the condition is an ischaemic necrosis. There was no evidence that its primary cause was occlusive vascular lesions. The muscle was able to regenerate unless extensive secondary neurological lesions were present. PMID- 7352362 TI - Subclinical scurvy in the guinea pig. AB - Twenty-eight guinea pigs from nine episodes of subclinical scurvy had diarrhea, weight loss and dehydration. The classical signs of scurvy were not seen. Microscopically the epiphyses were attenutated and irregular. The amount of osteoid was less than normal. Many guinea pigs had acute enteritis. In some there were many hemosiderin-laden macrophages in the intestinal lamina propria. All episodes were associated with either autoclaving food without adequate supplementation or other inadequate feed management practices. PMID- 7352363 TI - Carcinosarcomas of uncertain origin in the lumbosacral region of three dogs. AB - Three middle-age dogs had carcinosarcomatous tumors involving the lumbosacral bones and the soft tissues. A single metastatic lesion was found in each dog. The site of origin of this tumor was obscure. PMID- 7352364 TI - The pathomorphology of malignant catarrhal fever. I. Generalized lymphoid vasculitis. AB - A histologic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of the vasculitis in the rete mirabile of 18 calves with experimental and two calves with spontaneous malignant catarrhal fevel showed lesions similar to those reported in graft rejection and some other lymphocyte-associated vasculopathies. The calves were examined at early, mid and late stages of clinical disease. Vascular lesions in the carotid rete were representative of those in other tissues examined. The magnitude of the arterial wall mononuclear cell infiltrate and the degree of arterial wall necrosis and degeneration increased with progression of the clinical disease. The predominant site of mononuclear cell accumulation was the adventitia. There was less medial and intimal involvement. The mononuclear infiltrate was composed of lymphocytes and macrophages with neutrophils and plasma cells rarely present. Endothelial hyperplasia, fibrinoid change and thrombosis were uncommon. Many changes contrasted with those recognized in an active Arthus reaction where adventitial change was minimal and most inflammatory cells were neutrophils or plasma cells. IgG and C3 rarely were detected in vessel walls with fluorescent antibody techniques. Serum immunoglobulins as measured by radial immunodiffusion were not elevated. Viral structures were not seen in tissues examined ultrastructurally. PMID- 7352365 TI - The pathomorphology of malignant catarrhal fever. II. Multisystemic epithelial lesions. AB - Epithelia from 18 Holstein-Fresian calves with experimentally induced malignant catarrhal fever and two calves with naturally occurring disease had severe destructive inflammatory epithelial lesions. Calves were necropsied at early, mid and late clinical stages. Multifocal, degenerative and necrotic epithelial lesions were associated with lymphoid cells. Ultrastructurally, numerous lymphocytes, lymphoblasts and macrophages were accumulated between epithelial cells and in lamina propria, vessels and perivascular tissues. Epithelial cells in such lesions had variably severe degenerative changes or were necrotic but there was no proliferative response. Lesions were widespread in all calves and affected oral, ocular, gastrointestinal, ductal, urinary tract, choroid plexus and other epithelial tissues. Calves killed in late clinical stages had more severe lesions than those killed early. The predominantly lymphocytic, invasive destructive pattern seen in tissues of cattle with malignant catarrhal fever was similar to that seen in such conditions as contact hypersensitivity and graft versus host disease. Viral structures were not seen. PMID- 7352366 TI - Isospora suis enteritis in piglets. AB - A species of porcine coccidia, Isospora suis, when inoculated into piglets, produced diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss and death. Gross lesions were characterized by a fibrino-necrotic membrane within the jejunum and ileum. Villous atrophy and variable erosion, often with an adhered necrotic membrane, were seen microscopically. Asexual and sexual stages of I. suis were seen within the intestinal epithelium and oocysts were recovered from the feces. The severity of clinical disease and lesions were dose-related. PMID- 7352367 TI - Endemic canine leishmaniasis. PMID- 7352368 TI - Eosinophilic granuloma in a cat. Recovery of virus particles. PMID- 7352369 TI - Semliki forest virus mutants with temperature-sensitive transport defect of envelope proteins. PMID- 7352370 TI - Intracellular RNA complementary to the RNA genome of the Moloney--murine sarcoma virus complex. PMID- 7352372 TI - Purification of gene 6 product of bacteriophage T3 and its role in vitro DNA packaging. PMID- 7352371 TI - Terminal crosslinking of vaccinia DNA strands by an in vitro system. PMID- 7352373 TI - Identification of the adenovirus early proteins and their genomic map positions. PMID- 7352374 TI - The polypeptides of canine distemper virus: synthesis in infected cells and relatedness to the polypeptides of other morbilliviruses. PMID- 7352375 TI - Macromolecular synthesis in cells infected by frog virus 3. XIII. Cell-free translation of immediate early viral mRNAs. PMID- 7352376 TI - Medicine at the General Assembly 1980. PMID- 7352377 TI - Grand rounds: current dilemmas in the treatment of urinary tract infections. PMID- 7352379 TI - The battered spouse syndrome. AB - This paper deals with spouse abuse problems. Male abuse of the female is preponderant statistically, but female abuse of the male also occurs, with unknown frequency. Four case histories and a brief resume of treatment approach are presented. The goal of treatment should be to correct the skew of the marriage, no matter which sex is being abused. PMID- 7352378 TI - Radiation: what's the risk? PMID- 7352380 TI - Clinical use of brainstem evoked response audiometry. AB - The preceeding cases were selected to illustrate the contribution of BER audiometry in threshold testing for infants and malingerers, diagnosis of VIIIth nerve tumors, and identification of brainstem lesions. We feel, however, that these represent only the fundamental applications of BER and that a whole new diagnostic dimension wil evolve. The day only limitations of which the authors are aware in the use of brainstem evoked response is that a patient with a high tone sensorineural hearing loss may have abnormal wave forms or, if the high tone loss is severe, the waves may be totally absent. Brainstem evoked responses are unaffected by anesthesia and drugs. The patient does have to be relatively quiet during the test; this can be accomplished with sedation, if necessary. PMID- 7352381 TI - Benign mediastinal cyst: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7352382 TI - Emergency medical services: teamwork to fight sudden death. AB - It is estimated that upwards of 20% of accidental highway and prehospital coronary deaths could be averted by the availability of prompt, effective prehospital care; this implies that approximately 35,000 deaths from myocardial infarctions and 12,000 deaths from vehicular trauma are preventable. So, statistically, are 13,000 deaths from cerebrovascular accidents, poisonings, drowning, and other accidents. There are nearly 12 million nonfatal injuries each year, the suffering, cost and disabilities of which are incalculable. It is clear that these statistics demand some type of unified multi-professional response. Although not perfect, Emergency Medical Services is clearly the most effective available means of reversing the present rates of sudden death and disability. PMID- 7352383 TI - "These great mysteries": dying, death, the hereafter. PMID- 7352384 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Adult respiratory distress syndrome is a type of acute respiratory insufficiency which is preceded by a variety of serious illnesses. The radiologic appearance ranges from scattered densities early in the course to complete consolidation later. Protein and water leak into the interstitium and alveoli. There is right to-left circulatory shunting with profound hypoxia. Treatment generally includes intubation, suctioning, oxygen and mechanical ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure. Diuretics and methylprednisolone may also be used. PMID- 7352385 TI - Duration of drug action. AB - Duration of drug action depends on several factors: the absolute amount of drug given; the pharmaceutical preparation; the reversibility of drug action; the half life of the drug; the slope of the concentration-response curve; the activity of metabolites, and the influence of disease on drug elimination. The duration of action of a drug with more than one effect may differ, depending on which effect is followed. Drugs with a prolonged therapeutic effect should be given once or twice daily. Drugs with a short duration of therapeutic effect are best given at regular intervals rather than by t.i.d. or q.i.d. regimens. PMID- 7352386 TI - New approaches to therapy of acute heart failure. AB - Most patients with acute heart failure can be successfully treated with conventional drugs. Vasodilator therapy is helpful and may be lifesaving for some patients. However, it has not been established that long-term vasodilator therapy will prolong life, although symptoms of heart failure are improved. The combination of vasodilators and dobutamine is particularly useful for the critically ill patient with low cardiac output. PMID- 7352387 TI - Febrile convulsions. AB - Febrile convulsions occur in 3.4 percent of children but are rarely a harbinger of epilepsy. However, children who have two or more uncomplicated, noncomplex or "simple" febrile convulsions should receive anticonvulsant therapy. Phenobarbital is recommended for children who have a single febrile convulsion that is unilateral or focal and lasts more than 15 minutes. It is also recommended for cases involving multiple convulsions in one day, a physical or neurologic abnormality or a subnormal or suboptimal developmental history. PMID- 7352388 TI - Management of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7352389 TI - Mild hypertension requires treatment, study says. PMID- 7352390 TI - Test can detect respiratory problems in premature infants. PMID- 7352392 TI - Federal government/private sector nexus. PMID- 7352391 TI - View from the hill. PMID- 7352393 TI - Detection of breast cancer. PMID- 7352394 TI - Periorbital and facial cellulitis. AB - Periorbital cellulitis is a potentially lethal infection which must be rapidly distinguished from a host of self-limited illnesses. It is often associated with sepsis and requires intravenous antibiotics with broad initial coverage because of the wide variety of infecting organisms. A search must be made for an underlying source of the infection. Facial cellulitis is less frequently followed by major complications. It usually responds to oral antibiotics but also requires a careful search for the source of infection. PMID- 7352395 TI - The complications of coronary arteriography: a problem that won't go away. PMID- 7352396 TI - Frequency and direction of interatrial shunting in valvular pulmonic stenosis with intact ventricular septum and without left ventricular inflow or outflow obstruction. An analysis of 127 patients treated by valvulotomy. AB - This report summarizes observations in 127 patients who underwent pulmonic valvulotomy for valvular pulmonic stenosis with intact ventricular septum and without obstruction to left ventricular inflow or outflow. Of the 127 patients, 30 (24%) preoperatively by dye dilution curves had shunting at the atrial level: in 19 (63%), the shunt was right-to-left, and in the other 11 (27%), entirely left-to-right. The patients with right-to-left interatrial shunts had severe pulmonic valve stenosis (average peak systolic pressure gradient = 120 +/- 11 mm. Hg) and small (average diameter 1.1 +/- 0.1 cm.) sized defects in the atrial septum (patent foramen ovale). In contrast, the patients with left-to-right shunts had mild to moderate pulmonic valve stenosis (average peak systolic pressure gradient = 60 +/- 5 mm. Hg) and relatively large (average diameter = 2.8 +/- 0.1 cm.) defects in the atrial septum (true atrial septal defect). The patients with right-to-left interatrial shunts had no significant differences in right versus left atrial pressures. The patients with left-to-right interatrial shunts, however, had left atrial pressures significantly greater than right atrial pressures (7 +/- 0.5 vs 5 +/- 0.5, p less than 0.05). No significant differences were found in ventricular end-diastolic pressures. PMID- 7352397 TI - Serial myoglobin vs. CPK analysis as an indicator of uncomplicated myocardial infarction size and its use in assessing early infarct extension. PMID- 7352398 TI - Crossed atrioventricular connections. AB - Four cases of crossed atrioventricular connections are described. All of them were diagnosed at cardiac catheterization by angiocardiography and one was examined pathologically. Two possessed situs solitus, one with concordant connections and the other with discordant connections; the other had two situs inversus, both of them with concordant connections. Two had double-outlet right ventricle, one had transposition of the great arteries, and the other had normally related and connected great arteries. These cases have been interpreted as representing abnormal rotation of the ventricles following sepatation. A review of 36 cases previously reported on and our own cases, suggests that most patients have concordant atrioventricular connections. There are many types of ventriculo-arterial connections, the most frequent being transposition of the great arteries. There has not been any case reported with persistent truncus arteriosus. On the basis of atrioventriculo-arterial connections, we propose a classification for this malformation. We discuss the importance of the bulboventricular loop in the type of atrioventricular connections, some clinical implications for the diagnosis, and analyze the value of the rules to localize the ventricles by means of the position of the great arteries. PMID- 7352399 TI - Clinical characteristics, electrocardiographic and enzyme correlations, and long term prognosis of patients with chest pain associated with ST depression and/or T wave inversion. AB - The clinical characteristics, electrocardiographic changes, and long-term prognosis were studied in 50 patients suffering nontransmural myocardial infarctions. It is concluded that nontransmural myocardial infarcts tend to occur in older patients with known coronary atherosclerosis and these infarctions are frequently preceded by a period of unstable angina. The clinical course is often complicated with congestive heart failure and other major management problems. Three different groups of electrocardiographic changes were noted and all four in hospital deaths showed the same pattern of electrocardiographic changes. The prognosis of patients suffering nontransmural myocardial infarctions is not good, as evidenced by a death rate similar to reported patients suffering transmural myocardial infarction and a significant incidence of cardiovascular disability in those who survive. PMID- 7352400 TI - Mexiletine in the treatment of refractory ventricular arrhythmias: a report of five cases. PMID- 7352401 TI - Atrial standstill, myocarditis and destruction of cardiac conduction system: clinicopathologic correlation in a dog. AB - A case of permanent atrial standstill is described in a 10-month-old dog with ascites as a presenting complaint. The patient had absence of P waves in all leads in numerous ECG's and had a regular idioventricular rhythm. Pathologically, the patient had multiple areas of atrial and ventricular myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, with chronic active myocarditis and obliteration of the SA and AV node and AV bundle. PMID- 7352402 TI - Depression of intramyocardial oxyhemoglobin dissociation by angiographic contrast media. AB - The effect of the addition of radiographic contrast material (Renografin) to blood on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and P50 was measured by a metabolic deoxygenation technique in a strongly buffered red cell suspension. With incubation time constant, increasing doses produced progressive decreases in P50. With incubation time varied at a constant dose, a decrease in P50 was seen after only one minute. In addition, in vivo studies were performed on 11 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Simultaneous proximal coronary sinus and aortic samples were drawn as controls, and then at one minute and five minutes after injection of the left coronary artery. In eight patients studies were performed after, and in three prior to left ventriculography. At one minute after left coronary injection there was a significant decrease of coronary sinus as compared to aortic P50 (p less than .10) (only when left ventriculography was performed prior to coronary arteriography). The magnitude of these effects in vivo is unknown, but they would be expected to be more severe in areas distal to a critical coronary lesion due to stasis of blood flow and ischemic metabolic changes. PMID- 7352403 TI - Effects of vasodilators on pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange in left ventricular failure. PMID- 7352404 TI - The cyclic changes and structure of the base of the aortic valve. PMID- 7352405 TI - Rupture of a papillary muscle of the tricuspid valve in primary pulmonary hypertension. AB - Rupture of a papillary muscle of the tricuspid valve is a rare occurrence, and nontraumatic rupture is still rarer. We describe a 26-year-old male with primary pulmonary hypertension presenting with severe dyspnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea following spontaneous rupture of the septal papillary muscle of the tricuspid valve. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy. PMID- 7352406 TI - Bjork-Shiley mitral valvular dehiscence. Documented by radiography, echocardiography, fluoroscopy, and cineangiography. AB - This case report presents combined radiographic, echocardiographic, fluoroscopic, and cineangiographic findings of the dehiscence of a Bjork-Shiley mitral prosthetic valve. The valvular dehiscence was confirmed at surgery. A distinct rounding of the opening phase of the valve was recorded on the echocardiogram. Other clinical evidence, documenting the severe valvular dehiscence, is reported in detail. Non-invasive procedures are therefore invaluable in recording prosthetic valvular dysfunction. PMID- 7352407 TI - The risks of intestinal bypass operations. PMID- 7352408 TI - Doctors, drugs, and compliance. PMID- 7352409 TI - Failure of prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis: American Heart Association Registry. PMID- 7352410 TI - Physical training in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7352411 TI - Whole-blood platelet counts with an impedance-type particle counter. AB - The Clay-Adams Ultra-Flo 100 whole-blood platelet counter provides results that are accurate and precise for platelet counts greater than 20 x 10(9) per liter with virtually zero carryover from one specimen to the next. Comparison of results with those obtained by manual reference and Technicon Autocounter methods shows excellent correlation. The advantage of the Ultra-Flo 100 over the Technicon Autocounter lies in a smaller space requirement in the laboratory, a short start-up time, and minimal maintenance. This makes the Ultra-Flo 100 especially ideal for the stat laboratory. Operating costs of the Ultra-Flo 100 are comparable to those of other methods investigated, but rapid speed of operation has a significant effect on turnaround time. PMID- 7352412 TI - A clinical evaluation of a card agglutination test for rheumatoid factor. AB - The Macro-Vue Card Test for Rheumatoid Factor (Hynson, Westcott, and Dunning) is a new commercially available card agglutination test designed for qualitative and quantitative procedures. Coded sera from 195 patients, six known positive sera, and two positive serum pools were tested using four commercial kits. The commercial kits evaluated included latex (Hyland RA Test, Behring-Rapi/tex RF Test), sheep erythrocytes (Wampole, Rheumaton), and charcoal (HWD-Macro-Vue RF Card Test) as carrier particles. Using the prescribed quantitative procedures, the percentages of positive and negative results for rheumatoid factor detected by each product were determined after the (serum) code was broken. The Macro-Vue test compares well with the Behring and Hyland latex dilution systems, and appears to detect more positive sera than the Wampole test. Titers obtained using the Macro-Vue test were more reproducible day to day with known positive sera than were titers obtained using any of the other kits. PMID- 7352413 TI - A biotype of Enterobacteriaceae intermediate between Citrobacter and Enterobacter. AB - The authors isolated two strains of an unnamed bacterial biotype with characteristics intermediate between those of Enterobacter and Citrobacter. The organisms did not produce acetyl-methyl carbinol, but decarboxylated lysine. Apart from the latter trait, they most closely resemble H2S-negative Citrobacter freundii. They differ biochemically from all other currently accepted species of enterobacteriaceae. Their pathogenic significance appears similar to that of the two genera they most closely resemble. Only by recognition and study of additional strains can their identity be more definitively delineated and their significance more fully assessed. PMID- 7352415 TI - Legionnaires' disease bacterium: a non-endospore-former. AB - This investigation was done to determine whether dipicolinic acid was present in the Legionnaires' disease bacterium. A colorimetric assay for dipicolinic acid was done and the results for the bacterium were compared with those obtained for Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Dipicolinic acid was not detected in the Legionnaires' disease bacterium. This demonstrated that the bacterium was unable to produce typical bacterial endospores under the experimental conditions examined. PMID- 7352414 TI - Histology of the liver in Wilson's disease: a study of 34 cases. AB - Biopsy or autopsy samples of liver from 34 patients with clinical evidence of Wilson's disease were studied histologically. Seven had early changes ranging from slight pleomorphism of hepatocytes to fatty metamorphosis, vacuolated nuclei, and focal necrosis. Seven other specimens from cases classified as chronic active hepatitis were characterized by periportal degeneration and necrosis, in addition to many of the changes of the first group. Periportal copper accumulation was found in three of these specimens and was considered helpful in the distinction from other forms of chronic active hepatitis. Specimens from four of the precirrhotic cases showed periportal atypical lipofuscin granules. The 20 cirrhotic specimens were macronodular or mixed micronodular-macronodular and showed a wide variety of patterns and cytologic changes. Eight contained Mallory bodies. Copper was demonstrated in 13 of 15 specimens with adequate copper stains. Some of the findings described here may suggest or confirm a diagnosis of Wilson's disease, but none is considered specific. A proper approach to the diagnosis should correlate the clinical, laboratory, and morphologic findings. PMID- 7352416 TI - Ceroid granulomas of the gallbladder. AB - The authors report two cases of ceroid-containing granulomas of the gallbladder, an entity not previously reported in the American medical literature. They postulate that in some cases of chronic cholecystitis, bile provides the substrate for the formation of ceroid within histiocytes. The ceroid granulomas were incidental findings associated with chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. PMID- 7352418 TI - You can draw blood from the IV arm. PMID- 7352417 TI - Listeria monocytogenes septic arthritis. AB - Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from both the blood and the synovial fluid of a diabetic patient with a septic arthritis involving the ankle. PMID- 7352419 TI - So-called "extraskeletal" Ewing's sarcoma. PMID- 7352420 TI - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. PMID- 7352421 TI - High-density lipoprotein cholesterol--a significant bias between methods. PMID- 7352422 TI - Peeved pisse-prophet. PMID- 7352423 TI - Eosinophilia in systemic mastocytosis. AB - The diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis depends on the proper recognition of extensive mast cells infiltration in tissues. Accurate identification of the mast cells in tissues may be difficult when there is no clinical suspicion to initiate a special search for these cells. Four patients with atypical clinical features and eosinophilia in tissues and three with eosinophilia in blood had hematologic or histologic findings suggestive of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, and malignant lymphoma. It was the presence of blood and tissue eosinophilia in these patients that led to further investigation and recognition of the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis. Methods for identification of the mast cells are examined. The combined use of Wright-Giemsa stain, toluidine blue, and aminocaproate esterase is preferred. The eosinophils are intimately related to the mast cells. In cases of eosinophilia of unknown etiology, systemic mastocytosis should be considered one of the possible etiologic factors. PMID- 7352424 TI - Nonequivalence of automated and manual hematocrit and erythrocytic indices. AB - Manual and automated (Coulter) methods for determining hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were compared using blood specimens in which normal erythrocytes had been serially diluted in their own plasma. Thus, predicted linearity of hematocrit and predicted constancy of the erythrocytic indices were evaluated by these technics. Automated hematocrit was a rectilinear function of the erythrocyte count. Centrifuged hematocrit deviated systematically from the automated hematocrit; its correlation with the erythrocyte count was curvilinear. Automated erythrocytic indices were nearly constant throughout the range of dilutions of erythrocytes. The MCV, calculated from centrifuged hemtocrit and automated erythrocyte count, varied strikingly as a function of the latter. The range of MCV so observed was 62 to 105 fl for normal blood specimens, serially diluted, which, when undiluted, had MCV values in the range of 82 to 90 fl. Results of manual (centrifuged) hematocrit and erythrocytic indices appear to be inherently less reliable than those obtained by automated methods. PMID- 7352425 TI - Hepatitis B antigen and antibody and tests of liver function: a prospective study of 310 hospital laboratory workers. PMID- 7352426 TI - Tests of bile-acid and vitamin B12 metabolism in ileal Crohn's disease. AB - The bile-acid breath test, fecal analysis of labeled bile acids, and Schilling test were used to study bile-acid and vitamin B12 metabolism in 31 patients with ileal Crohn's disease. Results of the bile-acid breath test were positive for 42% of the patients; Schilling test, 42%; fecal analysis of bile-acid labels, 19%. Combination of the tests increased the percentage of positive cases to 65. About 50% of the patients who had positive breath tests had evidence of normal bile acid absorption, indicating increased bile-acid deconjugation by small-intestinal bacteria. The other 50% had evidence of various degrees of bile-acid malabsorption. Disease activity did not correlate with results of any test. Extent of ileal involvement correlated with results of the bile-acid tests, but not with those of the Schilling test. The study demonstrates that there is a wide spectrum of disturbances of bile-acid and vitamin B12 metabolism in ileitis, and that the tests should be useful in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with proven or questionable Crohn's disease who have diarrhea and malabsorptive abnormalities that could be related to disturbances of bile-acid and vitamin B12 metabolism. PMID- 7352427 TI - An enzymatic approach to lipoprotein quantification. AB - Lipoprotein cholesterol levels were determined without ultracentrifugation by using modified enzymatic methods for cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride and the formula, low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol = total cholesterol-HDL cholesterol-triglycerides/5. The methods for cholesterol and triglyceride determinations were standardized for accuracy and precision by the Center for Disease Control's Lipid Standardization Laboratory, which monitored this laboratory for 16 months. The lipoprotein cholesterol values obtained correlated well with lipoprotein cholesterol values determined at the Minnesota Lipid Research Clinic Laboratory using ultracentrifugation. LDL cholesterol determined at the Minneapolis Veterans Administration Hospital Laboratories (Y axis) produced a curve with an intercept of 9.38 mg/dl, a slope of .977, standard error of the estimate (Sy.x) of 8.8 mg/dl, and a correlation coefficient (r) of .983 (n = 32). HDL cholesterol was Y = 0.998 X + .89 mg/dl, Sy.x = 1.6 mg/dl (r = .984, n = 53), and very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol was Y = 1.010 X -1.32 mg/dl, Sy.x = 1.3 mg/dl (r = .996, n = 54). PMID- 7352428 TI - A clinically applicable high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for measurement of serum theophylline, with detailed evaluation of interferences. AB - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for the routine measurement of serum theophylline that is accurate, specific, and sensitive is presented. It is technically simple, requires only 50 microliter serum, and takes relatively little technician time. Values for theophylline in sera obtained by this method correlate well with those obtained by use of a gas-liquid chromatographic method (r = 0.980) and with values obtained by the commonly used spectrophotometric method (r = 0.939) when the latter is free of interference. The assay has been employed for two years in a routine clinical chemistry laboratory, with interassay coefficients of variation of 2.4-3.2%. Interferences have been identified at an incidence rate of 3.8% of all specimens, and interfering substances include cephazolin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfisoxazole. A calculation technic that allows a reliable and clinically useful estimation of a range of concentrations of theophylline in the serum when these interferences are present is described. In contrast, the incidence of interferences with the spectrophotometric method is 4.9%, and in this method the interferences prevent the analysis of theophylline. Of 33 samples having interferences by use of the spectrophotometric method, the high-pressure liquid chromatographic technic yielded precise values for theophylline in 21 and reliable estimates of ranges of concentrations of theophylline in the remaining 12. PMID- 7352429 TI - Oligoclonal bands and quantitation of IgG in cerebrospinal fluid as indicators of multiple sclerosis. AB - The authors evaluated two laboratory procedures in respect to usefulness in evaluating patients suspected of having multiple sclerosis (MS). They classified 185 patients as having MS (MS-positive) or as not having MS (MS-negative). Agarose electrophoretic patterns of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were inspected for the presence of oligoclonal bands. CSF immunoglobulin G (IgG) was quantitated and compared with total CSF protein for 175 patients. Oligoclonal bands were present in specimens from 77% of the MS-positive group; elevated percentages of IgG (18% or more of total CSF protein) were present in specimens from 20%. Oligoclonal bands were present in specimens from 0.6% of the MS negative group; elevated percentages of IgG were found for 1.4% of the MS negative group. The presence or absence of oligoclonal bands in agarose electrophoretic patterns is sensitive (77%) and very specific (99%) in respect to MS. CSF IgG quantitation using the authors' criteria does not add useful information. PMID- 7352430 TI - The stability of clinical chemistry specimens during refrigerated storage for 24 hours. AB - The authors investigated the stability of the tests comprising the SMA-6 and SMA 12 chemistry profiles during overnight refrigerated storage. Several constituents were found to undergo changes that were statistically significant when evaluated by a t test for paired comparisons. A recently published sequential method for judging sample stability was found to be somewhat less sensitive than the traditional statistical procedure. Only one determined value (CO2) underwent a change that was judged to be of medical significance. Two previously published criteria were used for this evaluation, one based on clinical judgment and the other on biologic variation. Variability of the results of repeat determination did not appear to be increased by overnight storage. PMID- 7352431 TI - A simplified sensitive method for the analysis of renal calculi. AB - A simple, convenient method for the analysis of renal calculi is presented. The method allows the quantitative estimation of oxalate, urate, calcium, magnesium, xanthine, and phosphate; a qualitative analysis for ammonia, carbonate, and cystine is also done. The estimations can be done with specimens of calculi as small as 1 mg. The results of analyses of some calculi from patients are presented and discussed. PMID- 7352432 TI - A nine-month transfusion service experience with low-ionic-strength saline solution (LISS). PMID- 7352433 TI - The critical academic mass. PMID- 7352435 TI - Impact of mass media on adolescent sexual behavior: the chicken or the egg?. PMID- 7352434 TI - Commentary on immunization. PMID- 7352436 TI - Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in normal children and in vitamin D disorders. AB - Using a precise assay for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in serum, the levels in 103 children, aged 13 months to 16 years, were found to be 43 +/- 2 pg/mL (mean +/- SE). This value is higher than reported values in adults and in neonates. Age related changes in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels during childhood were also evident. Older children have significantly higher levels than children less than 11 years, possibly indicating changes with puberty and the adolescent growth spurt. The values were significantly reduced in childhood uremia (13 +/- 5 pg/mL), in hypoparathyroidism (16 +/- 1 pg/mL), and in children with Fanconi's syndrome. Treatment with oral calcitriol in these three groups of patients led to increased serum levels. PMID- 7352437 TI - Laryngeal mucous gland excess in victims of sudden infant death. AB - Larynges from 13 victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and from ten controls of comparable age were subjected to serial histological transverse section and examined for structural differences that bear on functional performance. The cross-sectional area of mucous glands in the vestibular fold, expressed as a percent of the total cross-sectional area of the fold was 19.52 +/ 8.56 (mean +/- SD in the SIDS specimens), and 12.56 +/- 6.25 in the controls. The difference is statistically significant and suggests that excess mucous laryngeal secretion may be present in at least some cases of the syndrome. PMID- 7352438 TI - Breast-feeding and Salmonella infection. AB - Various assays were used to examine chemotaxis, opsonization, phagocytosis, and killing of Salmonella organisms by colostral and breast-milk components. Vigorous responses of colostral a;d milk cells against this organism and nonspecific opsonizing capacity of the aqueous phase of colostrum and milk were demonstrated. An assay with acridine orange was used to directly visualize the phagocytic and killing processes; colostral and milk cells were demonstrated to be more active against Salmonella than blood neutrophils. In a retrospective survey, a diagnosis of Salmonella infection was confirmed in 253 infants less then 1 year of age. Only 12 infants had ever been breast-fed, and only one near the time he had the disease. During the same period of time, 27% of matched control infants were breast-fed. PMID- 7352439 TI - Fibromuscular hamartoma of the esophagus in an infant. AB - An 11-month-old infant had a history of dysphagia and continuous drooling without evidence for airway obstruction. A biopsy specimen of a neck mass on the left side adherent to the larynx and esophagus demonstrated pathologic features characteristic of a fibromuscular hamartoma. Upper airway obstruction subsequently ensued and the patient was managed for 16 months with a tracheostomy and feeding gastrostomy. Although posing an extremely difficult management problem, this benign tumor was surgically removed without damage to the larynx when the patient was 28 months old. The differential diagnosis of this unusual lesion must consider congenital fibromatosis and fetal rhabdomyoma. PMID- 7352440 TI - Naloxone: underdosage after narcotic poisoning. AB - A case of propoxyphene hydrochloride (Darvon) poisoning was unresponsive to therapeutic doses of naloxone hydrochloride in a 2 1/2-year-old girl. Following prolonged coma and artificial ventilation for three hours, the patient responded immediately to the intravenous administration of 2 mg of naloxone hydrochloride, which is 20 times the manufacturer's recommended dosage. Naloxone is the agent of choice in reversing the effects of narcotics and synthetic opiate derivatives, such as propoxyphene and pentazocine. The manufacturer's present recommended dosage may not be sufficient to reverse the effects of large narcotic ingestions. We therefore recommend that if there is no response within two minutes of the initial 0.01 mg/kg dosage of naloxone hydrochloride, a second dose 0.1 mg/kg (ten times the manufacturer's suggested dose) be given. PMID- 7352441 TI - Infectious mononucleosis initially seen as cold-induced acrocyanosis: association with auto-anti-M and anti-I antibodies. AB - A case of infectious mononucleosis initially seen as cold-induced acrocyanosis is discussed. Serological evaluation of the patient showed the presence of auto-anti M and anti-I antibodies. Both the M and I antigens are normally found on RBCs. It is postulated that one or both of these antibodies were responsible for the acrocyanosis. PMID- 7352442 TI - Rothmund-Thomson syndrome with severe dwarfism. AB - Two patients had severe dwarfism and limb anomalies, but also had other clinical characteristics of the Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, including characteristic skin changes, abnormal hair growth, sensitivity to sunlight, defective nails and teeth, and juvenile cataracts. We emphasize that this diagnosis should be considered in any patient with extremely short statute, associated skeletal anomalies, and an early onset of typical cutaneous changes. PMID- 7352443 TI - Fever phobia: misconceptions of parents about fevers. AB - Eighty-one parents bringing their children to a hospital-based pediatric clinic were surveyed about their understanding of fever. Most parents were unduly worried about low-grade fever, with temperatures of 38.9 degrees C or less. Their overconcern was designated "fever phobia." Most parents (52%) believed that moderate fever with a temperature of 40 degrees C or less can cause serious neurological side-effects. Hence, most parents treated fever aggressively: 85% gave antipyretic medication before the temperature reached 38.9 degrees C and 68% sponged the child before the temperature reached 39.5 degrees C. A review of the literature showed that the only serious complications of fever were febrile status epilepticus and heat stroke, two rare entities. The great concern of parents about fever is not justified. Health education to counteract "fever phobia" should be a part of routine pediatric care. PMID- 7352444 TI - Radiological case of the month: juvenile aponeurotic fibroma. PMID- 7352445 TI - Doxepin poisoning in a child. PMID- 7352446 TI - Recordkeeping and physician certification of measles immunization status. PMID- 7352447 TI - Symptomatic hyponatremia in nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7352448 TI - Autoimmune thyroiditis with thyrotoxicosis eventuating in hypothyroidism in a short interval. PMID- 7352449 TI - Necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 7352450 TI - The Cornell Medical Index as a predictor of health in a prospective cardiovascular study in Taiwan. AB - As part of a prospective study of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in middle-aged Chinese men in Taiwan, 1820 Chinese males, aged 40--59 years, from the middle and upper socioeconomic classes, were characterized at study entry by a history and physical examination with particular reference to cardiovascular status and by the Cornell Medical Index (CMI). Disease occurrence in the 1820 participants was observed over a seven-year period. Comparison of CMI test performance by specific disease incidence categories showed no group mean differences. In examining total disease occurrence in the form of prevalence, incidence of major morbidity and mortality and no illness occurrence, however, the authors found significant differences using the CMI. The highest scoring group on the CMI was non-survivors who had chronic illness at study entry, followed closely by those subjects who also had a chronic illness at study entry but who survived. Scoring lower than those with chronic illness at study entry, but significantly higher than the group remaining disease-free, were the subjects who incurred a major illness event and/or developed a chronic disease. The authors conclude that the CMI diffentiated between those who stayed healthy and those who died or incurred a major illness in this study population. Therefore, this study supports the use of the CMI as a measurement of general health, as well as a predictor of future health status, and suggests that it may be used in other cultures than the one in which it was developed. PMID- 7352451 TI - Re: "Smoking and cancer of the uterine cervix: hypothesis". PMID- 7352452 TI - Re: "Assessing effects of confounding variables". PMID- 7352453 TI - Epidemiologic observations of influenza B virus infections in Houston, Texas, 1976-1977. AB - Influenza B virus infections were documented in Houston, Texas, in 726 patients with febrile respiratory illnesses who presented to representative primary care facilities during the 1976-1977 respiratory disease season. This epidemic followed a "herald wave" of illness associated with influenza B during the preceding spring. Over one-half the virus isolates were from children aged 5-19 years, and school absenteeism rates indicated that about 40 per cent of the students in the Houston area were ill enough to miss school during the epidemic. The rapid rise in the number of cases among students after the school holiday recess demonstrated the importance of school attendance for the rapid dissemination of influenza viruses. During the later phase of the epidemic, most of the cases were preschool children and adults. In addition to disease of the respiratory tract, the epidemic was accompanied by cases of Reye's syndrome at a rate expected for an urban area. PMID- 7352454 TI - Re: "Cohort study of venereal disease. I: The risk of gonorrhea transmission from infected women to men". PMID- 7352456 TI - Re: "Choosing the parameter for a 2 x 2 table or a 2 x 2 x 2 table analysis". PMID- 7352455 TI - "Insession": a suggestion for the epidemiologic onomasticon. PMID- 7352457 TI - Influenza A/USSR/77 (H1N1) on a university campus. AB - An extensive outbreak of influenza caused by A/USSR/77 (H1N1) virus occurred in February, 1978, at the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, and the outbreak was studied by virus isolation, serology, clinical questionnaire and outpatient chart review. Among students who returned questionnaires, clinical attack rates were extraordinarily high (73.2% of those less than or equal to 23 years of age and 45.7% for those greater than 23 years (p less than 0.001)), and rates were higher in students who lived on campus (p less than 0.05). Employing the criterion of hemagglutination inhibition titer greater than or equal to 16, 89.8% of those less than or equal to 23 years of age had evidence of infection by March, 1978. Illness was generally mild, and no complications were reported. The extent and rapid spread of this outbreak suggested that only immunoprophylaxis or rapidly acting control measures such as chemoprophylaxis would be effective in this institutional setting with a highly susceptible population. PMID- 7352458 TI - Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Clermont County, Ohio. II. Distribution of population and infected ticks in an endemic area. AB - The epidemiology of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) in relation to the distribution of the human population and infected ticks has not been defined. A study was undertaken in Clermont County, Ohio, to describe the distribution of population in a highly endemic focus of RMSF and to determine the prevalence of ticks infected with rickettsiae of the spotted fever group. This area was compared to another area of similar size in the same county where the incidence of RMSF was much lower. The population in the highly endemic area was distributed diffusely throughout the area, allowing maximum interfacing of the human population and the tick vector. The population distribution in the other area differed from the endemic area in that most of the population was concentrated in one town. Of 1168 Dermacentor variabilis collected in the endemic area, 18 (1.5%) were infected, compared to four (1.2%) of 339 ticks in the other area. Past studies of infected ticks have not identified the specific strains or species of spotted fever group rickettsiae. In this study, 11 rickettsiae were serotyped by microimmunofluorescence. Four were Rickettsia rickettsii, five were R. montana, and two were unclassified rickettsiae of the spotted fever group. PMID- 7352460 TI - Oral contraceptive use in relation to nonfatal myocardial infarction. AB - The relation of oral contraceptive (OC) use to the risk of hospitalization for myocardial infarction (MI) was evaluated among 121,964 US nurses who responded to a mail questionnaire. There were 156 women who reported having been hospitalized for MI before the menopause, and 23 (15%) were OC users at the time of the MI. Of 3120 controls matched to the cases for menopausal status at the time of the MI and for age, 304 (10%) were using OCs at the time of the MI. The apparent increase in the risk of MI for current OC users was not explained by cigarette smoking, hypertension, elevated cholesterol or other identified risk factors for MI. We estimated that OC use increased MI risk 1.8-fold overall and 2.8-fold among nonsmokers without other risk factors. The increase in risk attributable to the combined effect of current OC use, cigarette smoking and hypertension was considerably greater than what would be predicted from the sum of the separate effects of these factors. PMID- 7352459 TI - The relationship of psychosocial factors to coronary heart disease in the Framingham Study. III. Eight-year incidence of coronary heart disease. AB - An extensive psychosocial questionnaire was administered to 1674 coronary free individuals participating in the Framingham Heart Study between 1965 and 1967. The respondents were followed for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) over an eight-year period. Women (aged 45-64 years) who developed CHD scored significantly higher on the Framingham Type A behavior, suppressed hostility (not showing or discussing anger), tension, and anxiety symptoms scales than women remaining free of CHD. Type A women developed twice as much CHD and three times as much angina as Type B women. In a multivariate analysis, Framingham Type A behavior and not discussing anger were independent predictors of CHD incidence when controlled for the standard coronary risk factors and other psychosocial scales. Men exhibiting Framingham Type A behavior, work overload, suppressed hostility (not showing anger), and frequent job promotions were at increased risk of developing CHD (especially in the age group 55-64 years). Among men aged 45-64 years, Type A behavior was associated with a twofold risk of angina, myocardial infarction, and CHD in general, as compared to Type B behavior. The association was found only among white-collar workers and was also independent of the standard coronary risk factors and other psychosocial scales. This prospective study suggests that Type A behavior and suppressed hostility may be involved in the pathogenesis of CHD in both men and women. PMID- 7352461 TI - Immunoglobulins in heroin users. AB - Concentrations of the serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA as well as rheumatoid factor were studied in a group of 80 intravenous and non-parenteral heroin users who were US soldiers serving in Vietnam and who were unique in their use of unadulterated heroin. Significant elevations of IgM out of normal range and IgG above controls were found in intravenous heroin users, while significant elevations of IgA above controls were found in non-parenteral heroin users. Rheumatoid factor was not found in either group. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that IgM elevation may be due to bacterial or other contamination but not to liver disease. The higher IgA in non-parenteral heroin users is postulated to reflect local antibody synthesis. The failure to detect rheumatoid factor in this study supports the view that the stimulation of rheumatoid factor is due to excipients or contaminants not found in the "uncut" drug. PMID- 7352462 TI - The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis in Rochester, Minnesota: a study of incidence, prevalence, and mortality. AB - A study of the incidence and prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis conducted in Rochester, MN, during the period 1950 through 1974 revealed an average annual incidence rate of 28.1 per 100,000 population for males and of 65.7 per 100,000 for females. These rates include classic, definite, and probable cases. Age specific rates generally increased with age. The secular trend of the incidence in males and females differed. Rates for males, although fluctuating, remained relatively stable throughout the entire 25-year period, whereas rates for females declined dramatically during the last 10 years of the study. The decline was present both in cases presenting as definite at the time of earliest diagnosis and in the probable cases. No explanation was found for the observed decline, but the authors believe that a factor introduced in the 1960s and acting selectively on females has affected the incidence rates. From recent evidence, it could be inferred that oral contraceptives and postmenopausal estrogens are likely causes. Prevalence rates for January 1, 1975, were 4.0 per 1000 for males and 10 per 1000 for females. Among adults, prevalence rates were 5.8 per 1000 for males and 13.4 for females. Mortality among the patients with rheumatoid arthritis was not different from that for the total Olmsted County population. PMID- 7352463 TI - Accuracy of death certification in an autopsied population with specific attention to malignant neoplasms and vascular diseases. AB - Accuracy of certification of underlying cause of death and implications for US mortality statistics were assessed among 257 autopsied cases collected during the calendar year 1970 at a short-stay general hospital in Atlanta, GA. Clinicopathologic cause of death (CPCD) certificates, with assignment of underlying cause of death based on autopsy findings in combination with pertinent clinical data, were prepared by a pathologist and were employed as a standard of comparison against which the accuracy of the underlying cause of death on the original death certificate was measured. Results suggest that autopsy findings are not necessarily used to supplement clinical data in filling out death certificates. Improper recording of underlying cause of death was found in 42% of the autopsied cases. Malignant neoplasms were found to be underreported and vascular diseases overreported, each by approximately 10%, when original certificates were compared to CPCD certificates. The confirmation rate for original death certificate diagnoses was 89%. In the case of a confirmed diagnosis, the underlying cause of death was substantiated by postmortem findings as having existed regardless of its role in the sequence of events leading to death. The underlying cause of death as assigned by the pathologist was listed on the original death certificate among the sequence of events leading to or contributing to death at the rate of 72% (i.e., this rate measures the sensitivity of the death certificate). PMID- 7352464 TI - The medical technologist and evaluation of health technologies. AB - Increased social pressure for accountability in the medical care fields and recognition that new and expensive health care technologies have limited impact on health status has brought acknowledgment that the United States has no rational approach to identification, evaluation, and implementation of innovative medical technologies. As in other health care sectors, comprehensive and long range evaluation of impacts of new medical laboratory technology on both the laboratory and the patient are lacking. It is evident that as questions concerning cost effectiveness are raised, more rigorous evaluation of laboratory technologies must be undertaken. Federal legislation has mandated creation of a National Center for Health Care Technology (NCHCT) with a primary mission to stimulate assessment of health care technologies. This legislation could provide the basis for a more rational approach to technology assessment. Potential implications of technology assessment on laboratory practices and third party reimbursement policy, as well as potential opportunities for laboratory professionals, are discussed. PMID- 7352465 TI - The NCA recertification methodology. PMID- 7352466 TI - Hematology problem. PMID- 7352467 TI - Microbiology problem. PMID- 7352468 TI - Construction and validation of an equivalency examination for an MLT/MT career mobility curriculum. AB - A career mobility program in medical technology, recently developed at the University of Illinois Medical Center, Peoria, utilizes equivalency examinations to recognize professional competencies achieved by a medical laboratory technology graduate with an associate degree toward completion of a bacclaureate degree in medical technology. Four criterion-referenced examinations in clinical chemistry, clinical microbiology, hematology, and blood bank-serology were constructed by 30 medical laboratory technician (MLT) and medical technology educators from Illinois community colleges and universities in 1976-1977. A description of the development of these exams, the process of criterion referencing, the administration of the exams for norming, and the utilization of the exams by applicants of the career mobility program is presented. PMID- 7352469 TI - Price indexing: a quantitative approach to measuring laboratory supply costs. AB - Price indexing will identify items which contribute significantly to escalating laboratory supply costs. Altering purchasing techniques on these items can hold inflationary cost increases to a minimum. PMID- 7352470 TI - Continued competence assessment. PMID- 7352472 TI - Cumulative conception rates following gonadotropin therapy. AB - During the years 1963 to 1978, 515 patients were treated with HMG. They were divided into two groups depending upon the absence (Group I) or presence (Group II) of distinct endogenous estrogen activity. Group II patients were referred after failure of clomiphene therapy. None of the patients had mechanical or male infertility factors. The cumulative pregnancy rate (life table method) in Group I patients after six cycles of treatment was 91.2%. In 77 patients from Group I, further treatment was given for a second pregnancy after the first gonadotropin conception. In this group, the cumulative conception rate was 93.6% after eight cycles of treatment. In Group II the cumulative conception rate was 50% after 12 cycles of treatment. In both groups, the results were better in patients who were less than 35 years of age than those who were 35 or more when treated. PMID- 7352471 TI - Leukocyte migration enhancement as an indicator of immunologic enhancement. I. Pregnancy. AB - Leukocyte migration studies with amniotic fluid (AF) were performed in 47 pregnant women and 24 control patients. Previous reports about the enhancing effect of AF on leukocyte migration during pregnancy were confirmed (p less than 0.003). No enhancing effect was observed with first-trimester leukocytes. Maximal enhancement occurred during the second trimester (p less than 0.0001). It decreased during the third trimester (p less than 0.01) and lost significance in the postpartum period (p less than 0.072). Fifteen pregnant and control patients were investigated with autologous plasma. Leukocyte migration enhancement (LME) was significant with pregnancy plasma (PL) (p less than 0.03). Again LME was the largest during the second trimester (p less than 0.006). It is concluded that an immunologically active factor is present in AF and PL which in term induces the enhancing activity of a predetermined effector cell subgroup. This process is absent in conjunction with male leukocytes and is lacking in the majority of patients with toxemia of pregnancy. PMID- 7352474 TI - High-power--density carbon dioxide laser therapy for early cervical neoplasia. AB - A total of 115 women with various grades of CIN were treated with high-power- density, continuous time mode CO2 laser beams. During the 2-year follow-up period, residual tumor was noted in 4.34% of the treated cases. Detailed observations of the rapid healing of tissues after laser exposure were carried out in 50 women who were colposcoped every other day for 4 weeks. The CO2 laser is an acceptable instrument for use in treating early gynecologic malignancy, with its principal advantage being the precision with which it destroys tissue. PMID- 7352473 TI - Brachial and femoral blood pressures during the prenatal period. AB - In 202 young primigravidas, right-sided brachial and femoral arterial pressures were recorded in both supine and left lateral positions during prenatal visits in the second and third trimesters. Roll-over tests were performed in 78 of these. Position-related falls predominantly in femoral artery pressure--indicative of aortic compression-were demonstrable earlier and with greater frequency than falls predominantly in brachial artery pressure-indicative of caval compression. While the sequelae of caval compression were perceived by the gravida, those of aortic compression were not. Therefore, education to the risks of the supine position should start early in pregnancy. There was no relationship between decreases in blood pressures and subsequent development of pre-eclampsia. Roll over tests were positive in 45 gravidas (58%) and pre-eclampsia developed in 15 (33%). Roll-over tests were negative in 33 gravidas (42%) and pre-eclampsia developed in two (6%). This difference was significant at the 0.02 level. PMID- 7352475 TI - Leukocyte migration enhancement as an indicator of immunologic enhancement. II. Malignancy. AB - Leukocyte migration studies were performed on 19 cancer patients and 24 control subjects. Amniotic fluid (AF) as well as autologous plasma (PL) were investigated. No difference in the migration pattern between patients and control subjects was observed with AF, but cancer patients showed significant leukocyte migration enhancement (LME) with PL when compared to control subjects (p less than 0.04). Among 18 cancer patients with persistent disease only three did not show significant LME. All three represented specifically immunodepressed states. None of the untreated group of cancer patients failed to show LME with autologous PL. It is concluded that, as in pregnancy, an immunologic active factor is present in PL of cancer patients which induces a specific subpopulation of leukocytes and thereby LME. The possible mechanism of activation is briefly discussed. Through the detection of LME leukocyte migration may become of importance for the early detection of malignancy and monitoring of treatment success. PMID- 7352476 TI - Xeroradiography of radical vulvectomy specimens. Identification of groin lymph nodes. AB - Twelve surgical specimens from radical vulvectomy and bilateral groin dissection were examined by xeroradiography to identify lymph nodes. Eight of the specimens were handled in a routine fashion, and four were chemically cleared. The xeroradiograph was not helpful in identifying small lymph nodes in the specimen, nor could any xeroradiographic characteristics specific for tumor-involved lymph nodes be identified. PMID- 7352477 TI - Pregnancy following conization of the cervix: complications related to cone size. AB - A retrospective study of 88 pregnancies occurring in 77 patients after cervical conization was undertaken to compare pregnancy outcome with cone size. Cone specimens were divided into two groups. Those measuring less than 2 cm in height or less than 4 cc in volume were considered to be "small cones" and those greater than 2 cm in height or 4 cc in volume were regarded as "large cones." The over all normal term vaginal delivery rate was 46.6%, and was found to be inversely proportional to the size of the cone. The incidence of both spontaneous midtrimester abortion and prematurity increased in direct proportion to cone size. Cervical stenosis necessitating cesarean section was, however, noted to be a complication associated with small rather than large cones. It was concluded from this study that all postcone pregnancies should be regarded as high risk, preterm complications being particularly related to large cones. PMID- 7352478 TI - Recurrent symptomatic ovarian cysts. PMID- 7352479 TI - "Packing off" the pelvis. PMID- 7352480 TI - Magnesium and seizure control. PMID- 7352481 TI - Outcome of the delivery following an induced or spontaneous abortion. AB - We reviewed 5,003 records of consecutive deliveries in 1975 and 1976 at Boston Hospital for Women, abstracted demographic and obstetric data, and analyzed singleton deliveries at 27 weeks' gestation or greater. We compared women with exactly one prior proximate induced or spontaneous abortion with women of similar gravidity or parity with no prior pregnancy losses. Offspring of women with a proximate induced abortion had no higher frequency of short gestations, low Apgar scores, or congenital malformations than those born of women with no prior loss. Offspring of secundigravidas with a proximate abortion had birth weights similar to those of other primigravidas. Thus we have found that women with a single prior induced abortion have no increased risk of poor outcome of the next pregnancy after 27 weeks' gestation. In contrast, offspring of secundigravidas with a proximate spontaneous abortion had an increased frequency of short gestations, low birth weights, low Apgar scores, and congenital malformations, indicating that these women are a high-risk group for subsequent poor late pregnancy outcomes. PMID- 7352482 TI - Progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, estradiol, and estriol in late pregnancy and labor. AB - Levels of progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, estradiol, and estriol were measured in serial plasma samples collected from 30 uncomplicated pregnancies during the last eight weeks of gestation. From another group of 27 uncomplicated pregnancies, blood samples were collected during the second stage of labor and the same steroids were measured. Progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and estradiol levels were highest during the last one to three weeks prior to the onset of labor, whereas estriol concentration increased progressively. The levels of these steroids during the second stage of labor were statistically not different from those just preceding labor. It is concluded that the onset of human labor is not associated with marked changes in the maternal levels of any of these steroids. PMID- 7352483 TI - Induction of labor with low-dose prostaglandin F2 alpha and oxytocin. AB - A double-blind study was performed in 50 patients with the use of low-dose intravenous oxytocin or PGF2 alpha for the induction of labor for elective or high-risk indications. Both agents were equally effective for the induction of labor. No major complications were encountered with either drug in mother or infant. The ability to induce labor with relatively small, infrequently increased doses of either inducing agent was an unexpected finding. PMID- 7352484 TI - Cefamandole therapy of endomyometritis following cesarean section. AB - Sixty women with endometritis following cesarean section were treated with cefamandole (12 gm/day) alone. Specimens for culture were obtained by endometrial lavage and from peripheral blood. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were performed on anaerobes and enterococci by an agar dilution technique. Anaerobic organisms were isolated in 55 of 60 (91.7%) endometrial specimens. Bacteremia was documented in 12 patients (20%). Of 387 isolates from uterine cultures, 20 (5%) were resistant or had MIC's greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml. Ten patients (17%) were judged clinical failures and responded to additional antibiotics. Of 19 patients with Bacteroides fragilis or related species isolates in the uterus, three (15%) were judged as failures. Cefamandole was well tolerated and appears to be useful in the initial treatment of endomyometritis. PMID- 7352485 TI - Intrapartum fetal heart rate: correlation with scalp pH in the preterm fetus. AB - The relationship of FHR patterns and fetal scalp blood pH is well documented in the term fetus. Although FHR monitoring has been increasingly used to guide intrapartum management of the preterm fetus, little documentation of efficacy and the interrelationship of FHR patterns with pH is available. This report of 62 preterm fetuses documents the relationship of FHR findings and their correlation with fetal pH. The ominous connotation of late deceleration is emphasized. The evaluation of the presence or absence of FHR variability and acceleration patterns are proved as significant factors which are helpful in making management decisions. PMID- 7352486 TI - Effects of induction of labor on the neurophysiologic functioning of newborn infants. AB - Neurophysiologic responses of newborn infants delivered after normal onset of labor are compared with those of newborn infants whose mothers had labor induced with oxytocin or prostaglandin F2 alpha. No differences in brain activity or heart rate were detected between groups in terms of frequency of response to auditory, visual, tactile, or olfactory stimulation. Significant differences were found for resting brain activity defined in terms of autoregressive spectral estimates or coefficients. The largest differences were between the groups with normal onset of labor and prostaglandin F2 alpha. PMID- 7352487 TI - Leukocyte migration enhancement as an indicator of immunologic enhancement. III. Common denominators of pregnancy and malignancy. AB - Leukocyte migration enhancement (LME), a common denominator of pregnancy and malignancy, was investigated in order to determine the immunologic factors and processes involved in this in vitro assay. Reproducibility of results was confirmed by parallel investigations of single patients in an independent laboratory. Preliminary evidence also suggests that the phenomenon of LME is observable not only with the leukocyte migration assay, as performed in the present study, but also with the "indirect" migration inhibitory factor (MIF) assay. Highly significant correlation between results obtained with plasma (PL) and amniotic fluid (AF) was observed (p less than 0.00089). No significant correlation between LME and IgG concentrations as well as complement (C3) concentrations in AF and PL could be detected. C3 concentrations correlated significantly to gravity (p less than 0.007) and parity (p less than 0.003). No immune complexes were detected in either AF or PL samples. An unspecific protein effect as the cause of LME was ruled out in showing no significant correlation between LME and protein concentrations of AF and PL. A highly significant correlation between antigen concentration in PL and migration area was demonstrated (p less than 0.00001). It is suggested that leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) represents a state of antigen excess, while LME represents antibody excess. Through selective removal of the IgG immunoglobulins LME could be converted into LMI, indicating an IgG subfraction as the responsible immunoglobulin in the phenomenon of LME. PMID- 7352488 TI - Prenatal determination of fetal brain and somatic weight by ultrasound. AB - A new method of determining fetal weight in utero is presented. Because it is based on multiple ultrasound measurements which encompass population and individual variations in fetal anthropometry, the method should be applicable to fetuses drawn from different populations. The components of fetal weight are separated into two variables, brain weight and somatic weight, which are independently determined. Their sum provides good estimates of total fetal weight in normal cases as well as those with asymmetrical growth retardation (Sy = 83 gm). The method generates the data required for interpreting fetal weight estimates in terms of any alteration in the brain:somatic weight relationship. It, therefore, yields quantitative information on the severity of asymmetrical IUGR. PMID- 7352489 TI - Neural origin of cells in amniotic fluid. AB - Cells from the amniotic fluid of fetuses with open neural tube defects (NTDs) have several abnormal characteristics of potential diagnostic value. The cell number in a unit volume of fluid is 10 to 100 times the normal range of cell count. The majority of cells adhere to tissue culture dishes within 24 hours of inoculation, instead of the 4 or 5 days required by normal amniotic fluid cells. The rapidly adhering cells morphologically resemble glial cells. Their Coulter volume is about twice the average seen in normal amniotic fluid--derived cells. This larger number of oversized, rapidly adhering cells is likely due to the continuous accumulation of neural cells in the amniotic fluid. We have detected the presence of the glial protein S-100 and the absence of the neuronal protein 14-3-2 by using a specific immunofluorescence assay. We conclude that fetuses with NTDs shed large numbers of glialike cells into the amniotic fluid where their detection may have diagnostic importance. PMID- 7352490 TI - A second means of identifying fetal breathing movements using Doppler ultrasound. AB - A new low-frequency Doppler shift signal associated with fetal breathing has been observed. This signal is out of phase with the previously described signal from the inferior vena cava and originates from the umbilical vein. PMID- 7352491 TI - Antepartum fetal heart rate testing. V. The nonstress test--an outpatient approach. AB - A total of 567 tests were performed in a 1 year period on 399 patients in an outpatient clinic setting to test the feasibility of an office approach to antepartum heart rate testing. Of these tests, 510 were reactive and 57 were nonreactive (NR); 15 NR tests had associated spontaneous CST's; 39 NR tests and one reactive test with an equivocal spontaneous CST were repeated in 2 to 4 hours; 30 tests were reactive and nine tests remained NR. An oxytocin-induced CST was needed to clarify fetal status in only nine of 607 tests. With this approach, the NST may be quite appropriate for office use. PMID- 7352492 TI - The nonstress test: the value of a single acceleration in evaluating the fetus at risk. AB - Utilization of the nonstress test in the high-risk pregnancy as the sole test for the assessment of fetal welfare is reported. A total of 1,005 tests were performed on 367 patients. A single acceleration in response to fetal movement was deemed sufficient to classify a fetus as reactive, and when present was associated with a corrected perinatal loss of zero. A nonreactive pattern predicted the four stillbirths in the series. PMID- 7352493 TI - Conservative management of preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes in a low socioeconomic population. AB - The management of rupture of the membranes associated with a premature gestation (PROM) is controversial. Some authors advise immediate delivery while others counsel delay in the hope of decreasing the morbidity and mortality rates associated with prematurity. A retrospective chart review of 90 pregnancies with this obstetric complication treated conservatively was performed to delineate the relative risk factors in a low socioeconomic population. All patients were placed at bed rest until either labor or amnionitis prompted delivery. Amnionitis was a significant problem, occurring in 27% of patients. The percentage of women developing amnionitis did not increase with increasing duration of PROM. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was the significant cause of neonatal illness and death. No relationship between the duration of PROM and incidence of RDS could be demonstrated, but there was a significant relationship between birth weight and RDS. The smaller the infant, the more likely it would be to develop RDS. Our data indicate that a possible course of therapy would be to accelerate fetal lung maturity medically and then deliver the infant. A randomized prospective study could answer this question. PMID- 7352494 TI - High rate of ectopic pregnancy following laparoscopic tubal coagulation failures. Incidence and etiology. AB - It is now evident that the majority of pregnancies following laparoscopic tubal coagulation failures are ectopic. The world literature is reviewed as to the incidence of ectopic pregnancy following different types of tubal sterilization. The etiology and prevention of ectopic pregnancy following laparoscopic tubal coagulation are discussed. PMID- 7352495 TI - Changing indications for vaginal hysterectomy. AB - The recent history of vaginal hysterectomy in America is summarized to bring current trends into focus. A series of 252 vaginal hysterectomies is analyzed. The discussion deals with factors contributing to morbidity, the relative advantages of various techniques, and the recognition and management of complications. PMID- 7352497 TI - Bladder pillar block anesthesia for urethral dilatation in women. AB - This report describes an adaptation of the bladder pillar block anesthetic technique for use during routine urethral dilatation for treatment of the urethral syndrome or urethral stenosis in women. Only 10% of patients experienced sufficient discomfort to require cessation of dilatation prior to reaching a calibration of 38 F. PMID- 7352496 TI - Intrauterine contraceptive device use and pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - We examined the relationship between use of IUD's and PID, based on 44 women who were admitted to hospitals with first episodes of PID and 259 hospital control subjects. All the women used either IUD's or oral contraceptives. The age adjusted relative risk for those using IUD's at the time of admission was 6.5 (95% confidence interval, 3.2 to 13.0). The association remained when several variables, and particularly parity, were taken into account. There was a suggestion that users who had had an IUD in place for at least 5 years had a higher risk of PID than did users of shorter duration. The data also suggest that copper-containing IUD's may be safer than other devices. PMID- 7352498 TI - Legal abortions and trends in fetal and infant mortality rates in the United States. AB - Using states as the units for analysis, we found no evidence that during the early 1970s in the United States the legalization of abortions influenced trends in infant mortality rates. If fetal deaths were reduced by legal abortions during that period then the influence was modest and brief. These conclusions differ substantially from all earlier studies of the relationship between legal abortions and pregnancy outcomes in the United States which examined trends in areas with many legal abortions while ignoring areas with relatively few legal abortions. PMID- 7352499 TI - Termination of pregnancy complicated by anencephaly with intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2 alpha. AB - It is anticipated that there will be more frequent need to terminate anencephalic pregnancies of greater than 20 weeks' duration before term. Since present methods are unsatisfactory, the use of incremental intra-amniotic injections of prostaglandin F2 alpha with continuous monitoring of intrauterine pressure was evaluated in three cases. The method appears to be satisfactory. PMID- 7352500 TI - Infectious morbidity after primary cesarean sections in a private institution. AB - Primary cesarean sections were performed on 395 patients between January 1, and December 31, 1976. A retrospective review of 322 of these patients indicated that the incidence of postoperative intrauterine infection was the same in both monitored and nonmonitored patients. The incidence of postoperative intrauterine infections was not significantly related to ruptured membranes or the duration of ruptured membranes. The most significant factor associated with postoperative morbidity was the type of anesthesia. PMID- 7352501 TI - Amniotic fluid lipids in sickle cell disease. AB - Amniotic fluid of sickle cell disease patients past the thirty-seventh week of pregnancy contained 63.4%, 71.7%, and 48.6% less total lipids, total nonpolar lipids, and total phospholipids, respectively, as compared with amniotic fluid of normal patients. No remarkable variation in the composition of nonpolar lipids was noticed between the two groups. However, the phospholipid composition was significantly varied. For example, the percentage amounts of choline glycerophospholipids (lecithin) was low and the percentage amounts of other phospholipids was high in sickle cell pregnancy as compared with normal pregnancy. Furthermore, increased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and fluorescent lipid pigments were found in amniotic fluids of sickle cell patients. PMID- 7352502 TI - Cadmium-induced fetal growth retardation: protective effect of excess dietary zinc. PMID- 7352503 TI - Capillary method for assessment of pulmonary maturity in utero with the use of amniotic fluid. AB - Eighty-one human amniotic fluid samples of assessment of pulmonary maturity in utero have been studied by means of the capillary method, a simple and rapid test that correlates with the shake test and L/S ratio. With the advancement of gestational age the flow rate of amniotic fluid decreases on cellulose filter paper (Whatman) in the capillary pasteur pipette. Retention time for 20 microliter amniotic fluid of 74 +/- seconds correlates well with the positive shake test and with L/S ratio of 2.0 or greater in normal human pregnancies. PMID- 7352504 TI - Diminished fetal reactivity with smoking. AB - The fetal activity-acceleration determination (FAD), or nonstress test, has been demonstrated to be an effective method for the antepartum assessment of fetal status in high-risk pregnancies. A reactive or negative test has been equated with fetal well-being, while fetal compromise has been related to a nonreactive or positive FAD. The present investigation was designed to determine the effects of chronic cigarette smoking on fetal reactivity as measured by the FAD. Increased fetal reactivity might be expected from recent investigations of the acute effects of cigarette smoking and 350 nonsmoking pregnant women with high risk pregnancies, nonreactive or positive FAD's were demonstrated to be significantly higher in the smoking group (chi 2=8.9950; p less than 0.005). PMID- 7352505 TI - The effects of betamethasone on fetal development in the rabbit. AB - Pregnant rabbits were injected with either 0.8 mg of betamethasone or with a comparable volume of saline on days 24 and 25 of gestation and delivered by cesarean section on day 26. There was a significant reduction in the weight of fetuses and in the weights of fetal brain, lungs, liver, and placenta in betamethasone-treated animals. With respect to the fetal brain, the concentration of DNA, the average of cell number, cell size, cell weight, and cell phospholipids were unaffected whereas the concentrations of phospholipids and protein were elevated in the treatment group. PMID- 7352506 TI - Rhythmic fetal movements. AB - In recent years, studies have confirmed that rhythmic movement of the fetal torso occurs. These movements have been investigated with respect to a large number of factors, but no conclusive evidence of their significance has been documented. Much effort has been directed at developing better methods of measuring these movements. In this paper, examples of preliminary clinical results utilizing an advanced real-time B-scan phase-locked tracking scheme are presented. These traces represent a significant advancement in our ability to record rhythmic fetal torso movements and should enable us to enhance our knowledge of the physiology and clinical significance of this phenomenon. PMID- 7352507 TI - Statistical fluctuations in heart rate variability indices. AB - Short-term variability in the fetal heart rate (FHR) is believed to be associated with fetal well-being, and a number of quantitative indices of variability have been proposed. Before using such an index, its sampling properties must be well understood so that apparent changes in "variability" can be confidently attributed to biological origins rather than statistical sampling fluctuations. We have compared the sampling properties of two representative variability indices on computer-synthesized "random" FHR patterns. Both indices demonstrated statistical fluctuations which decreased with increasing sample size; the coefficient of variation of a single index value is approximately Formula: see text with N being the number of cardiac cycles observed in practice, if changes in variability are to be detected with reasonable confidence, heart rate observations of several minutes will generally be required. PMID- 7352508 TI - Assessment of fetal kidney size in normal gestation by comparison of ratio of kidney circumference to abdominal circumference. AB - With ultrasound one can outline fetal kidneys and evaluate intrarenal anatomy. In an effort to determine how fetal kidney size varies with gestational age, 89 patients not at risk for fetal kidney disease and whose pregnancies resulted in a normal outcome were studied from 12 weeks until term. Kidney diameter measurements were taken and found to increase linearly until term. Kidney circumference (KC) measurements were made and compared to abdominal circumference (AC) measurements at the level of the umbilical vein by means of a KC/AC ratio. This ratio was found to remain constant throughout pregnancy (0.27 to 0.30). In addition, three patients at risk for congenital kidney disease were studied and the fetal kidneys were found to have KC/AC ratios approximately 6 S.D. (KC/AC ratio greater than or equal to 0.45) above the normal mean. The diagnosis was confirmed by autopsy in two cases. These data are presented for reference in evaluating patients in the second and third trimester whose fetuses are at risk for kidney abnormalities. PMID- 7352509 TI - Effect of pregnancy-induced hypertension upon placental prostaglandin metabolism: decreased prostaglandin F2alpha catabolism with normal prostaglandin E2 catabolism. PMID- 7352510 TI - Fatal streptococcus pneumoniae type III sepsis in mother and infant. PMID- 7352511 TI - Surgical management of extensive congenital hemangiofibrolipoma of the vulva in an infant. PMID- 7352513 TI - The value of staging laparotomy in cervical cancer. PMID- 7352512 TI - Listeria amnionitis as a cause of fetal distress. PMID- 7352514 TI - Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios in diabetic pregnancies. PMID- 7352515 TI - Perinatal management and outcome in the infant weighing 1,000 to 2,000 grams. AB - Accomplishing reduction of the neonatal mortality rate in the infant weighing less than 1,500 grams accounts for one of the major areas of potential impact in obstretrics today. Of the 8,169 live births occurring in the Perinatal Unit, Women's College Hospital, between January 1, 1976, and December 31, 1978, 79 infants weighed between 1,000 and 1,500 grams and 135 were between 1,501 and 2,000 grams. Analysis of approach and outcome shows that with immediate neonatal intensive care, morbidity in the larger group can be managed to prevent death. The mortality rate in the infant weighing less than 1,500 grams, as well as morbidity in the larger group, is improved by a more active obstetric approach for the sake of the neonate. In this study, such an approach resulted in a corrected survival rate of 100% in both groups during 1978. PMID- 7352516 TI - The growth and development of infants weighing 1,000 to 2,000 grams at birth and delivered in a perinatal unit. AB - The neonatal outcome and follow-up over the first two years of life in a group of 124 infants with birth weights between 1,000 and 2,000 grams were studied. The overall neonatal mortality rate (first month of life) was 9% with a further five infants dying in the first year. Seventy-three infants have been seen for at least 1 year and three infants show evidence of neurological damage. Catch-up growth is slower in the 1,000 to 1,500 gram infant than in the 1,501 to 2,000 gram infant, the latter achieving normal head size at 2 years. However, mean Bayley Mental Development Scores are normal in both the 1,000 to 1,500 gram and 1,501 to 2,000 gram groups at both 1 and 2 years from expected date of confinement. PMID- 7352517 TI - Fetal scalp blood pH sampling: its value in an active obstetric unit. AB - Two hundred thirty-two patients had fetal scalp blood pH sampling performed from January 1, 1978, to September 30, 1978. Ninety-eight percent of samples were obtained for fetal heart rate (FHR) changes: 62% for variable decelerations, 10% for late and 3% for early decelerations, 10% for decreased baseline variability, and 12% for baseline rate abnormalities. Fourteen fetuses were mildly acidotic, and six were severely acidotic. All were delivered within 1 hour of the last fetal blood sample. Acidosis was significantly more frequent with late decelerations (p less than 0.05). Neonatal depression was significantly more frequent (50% incidence) only with severe fetal acidosis (p less than 0.05). Complications of fetal blood sampling occurred in 15 infants (6%), and all were minor. Based on independent review of the FHR tracings by three members of the perinatal department, it was estimated that 20 to 30 cesarean sections were avoided by determining fetal blood pH (approximately 10%). PMID- 7352518 TI - Female dyspareunia. AB - This descriptive study presents 230 women with the chief or major complaint of pain during intercourse. The patients were assessed according to the medical model with careful screening for intrapersonal (intrapsychic), interpersonal (relationship), and physical factors that contributed to the patient's discomfort. Each patient had a careful pelvic examination to clarify the physical and physiologic factors which contributed to the patient's discomfort. Each total assessment attempted to identify the primary source of the patient's complaint. Sixty-two patients were seen as primarily having an interpersonal problem; 100 had intrapersonal problems, and 68 primarily had a physical problem. Secondary physical problems were identified in 22 patients from the first two of these three groups. Factors which highlight each group are presented. Standard treatment techniques were employed for each group. Treatment successes are discussed briefly for each of the three groups. PMID- 7352519 TI - A possible role for prolactin in the control of human chorionic gonadotropin and estrogen secretion by the fetoplacental unit. AB - The effects of prolactin (PRL) on fetoplacental function were studied by measuring the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG-beta), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), and PRL concentrations throughout seven pregnancies in a control group (N = 6 women) and in three pregnant women with prolactinomas, who were receiving bromocriptine. In one of the latter, estriol (E3) was also assayed. Long-term suppression of PRL was associated with augmentation of hCG beta at the first-treimester peak and in late pregnancy. Concomitant augmentation of E3 (in late gestation) and possibly E2, but not P, levels was also observed. This effect on hCG appeared dependent on PRL rather than the dopaminergic effect of bromocriptine. Short-term drug induced alterations in PRL (over 3 hours) during early pregnancy did not result in significant changes in hCG-beta or steroid concentrations. In each control pregnancy, a significant negative correlation (p less than 0.05) was observed between hCG-beta and PRL, while a significant positive correlation between the latter and E2 concentrations in these women was also demonstrated. Apart from its effect on lactation, osmoregulation, and gonadal and adrenal function, a further role for PRL during reproduction appears to be in the control of hCG and estrogen secretion in the fetoplacental unit. PMID- 7352520 TI - Amniotic fluid testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone assay in the prenatal determination of fetal sex. AB - Amniotic fluid testosterone was assayed by radioimmunoassay in 812 samples taken at 16 weeks' gestation at the time of genetic amniocentesis. In each of 361 samples (45% of total), correct assignment of fetal sex was made where the testosterone level was above 33.8 ng/ml for male fetuses and below 16.2 ng/ml for female fetuses. In each of 159 of 353 (45%) samples assayed for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), levels were below 7.6 mlU/ml for male fetuses and above 10.9 mlU/ml for female fetuses. By combining the two assays in the testosterone/FSH ratio, correct assignment of sex was made in each of 282 samples (80%). The percentage of samples in which correct assignment was achieved was greater for female fetuses (ratio less than 2.2 in 161/187 [86%]) than for male fetuses (ratio greater than 3.4 in 121/166 [72%]). The testosterone/FSH ratio holds promise as a rapid biochemical screening tool in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal sex in X-linked disorders. PMID- 7352521 TI - Results of a double-blind controlled study on the use of betamethasone in the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome. AB - A double-blind controlled study on the prenatal use of betamethasone in the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was carried out on 137 patients from 24 to 34 weeks' gestation. The incidence of RDS was less in the treated group (5%) than in control group (17%). The neonatal mortality rate was lower in the treated group (5%) than in the control group (18%) due to an excess of neonatal deaths in the placebo group. PMID- 7352522 TI - Influence of maternal oxygen administration on the term fetus before labor. AB - Thirty-two healthy pregnant women at term who were to undergo cesarean section following epidural anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive preoperatively, by face mask, room air or oxygen for more than 10 minutes. Patients were kept at a left lateral tilt position of 15 degrees and were unaware which gas was administered. Oxygenation significantly increased (p less than 0.05) maternal PO2 to 283 mm Hg (SD 67). The cord vein PO2 of the group receiving oxygen was 34 mm Hg (SD 6), significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than the value of 26 mm Hg (SD 7) in the group receiving room air. The cord artery PO2 of the oxygen group was also significantly higher (p less than 0.05) at 20 mm Hg (SD 6) versus 15 mm Hg (SD 6). No other cord gas values were significantly different. There was no significant difference in the cord vein-artery PO2 differential. There was no significant difference in the infants' hematocrits determined at 4 hours of age in the two groups. All infants were in excellent condition (1-minute Apgar score greater than or equal to 8). PMID- 7352523 TI - Circadian rhythms in maternal plasma cortisol and estriol concentrations at 30 to 31, 34 to 35, and 38 to 39 weeks' gestational age. AB - In order to examine the relationship between circadian rhythms in different steroids, cortisol and estriol were measured by radioimmunoassay in maternal venous plasma taken at 30- to 60-minute intervals over 24 hours from nine healthy women at 30 to 31, 11 at 34 to 35, and 10 at 38 to 39 weeks' gestation. Maternal cortisol was maximal at 0730 to 0830 hours and fell significantly to its lowest concentration between 1830 and 0130 hours. At 30 to 31 and 34 to 35 weeks there was a significant circadian rhythm in estriol concentrations which was inversely related to the circadian rhythm in cortisol. At 38 to 39 weeks mean estriol concentrations were significantly higher than those at 30 to 31 and 34 to 35 weeks but there was no significant circadian pattern. We concluded that there is an inverse relationship between maternal cortisol and estriol at 30 to 31 and 34 to 35 weeks, which would be consistent with a maternal effect on fetal adrenal function. The increase in mean concentration and absence of circadian rhythm in maternal plasma estriol at term might suggest an additional positive stimulus to fetal adrenal function. The existence of patterns in maternal estriol concentrations must be taken into account in the u;se of sequential measurements of this hormone during the last 10 weeks of pregnancy. PMID- 7352525 TI - The establishment and morphologic characterization of finite cell lines from normal human endometrium. AB - Twenty-nine samples of normal human endometrium have been initiated in tissue culture. Twenty cultures (69%) demonstrated sufficient growth in vitro to allow establishment of finite cell lines. Morphologic characterization by means of conventional light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy was performed. Differences between stromal and epithelial cell lines indicated several similarities with in vivo observations. Ultrastructural studies of stromal cell lines revealed cells virtually devoid of microvilli and exhibiting poorly specialized cell junctions. Epithelial cell lines were characterized by numerous microvilli and highly specialized "junctional complexes" typical of glandular epithelium. Cytogenetic analysis utilizing a variety of banding techniques revealed no karyotypic alterations through several subpassages. Our observations suggest that simple explant tissue culture of human endometrium can be manipulated in order to achieve separation of stromal from epithelial elements, allowing critical examination of each. PMID- 7352524 TI - Blood pressure and oral progestational agents. A prospective study of 119 black women. AB - Blood pressure and body weight were carefully measured in 119 young black women before and after 6 to 24 months of contraceptive therapy with oral progestational agents (minipills). Results are compared with 673 women followed during continued use of nonhormonal contraceptive methods. Minipill therapy (0.35 mg of norethisterone) was associated with no significant (p greater than 0.05) increase in either systolic or diastolic blood pressure means. Minipill users did not develop diastolic blood pressures of 90 mm Hg or more during the study period. Substantial weight gain occurred as a side effect. PMID- 7352527 TI - The relationship of maternal attitude to pregnancy outcomes and obstetric complications. A cohort study of unwanted pregnancy. AB - The relationships of maternal attitude to pregnancy outcome and obstetric complications were investigated in a prospective study of a group of 8,000 gravidas, enrolled in the Child Health and Development Studies, who were members of the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan in the San Francisco East Bay Area. Interviews which were conducted early in pregnancy determined the mother's attitude through an open-ended question, "How do you feel about having a baby now?" The responses to this question were categorized as strongly favorable, ambivalent, or negative. Biomedical factors which were related to negative maternal attitude were perinatal death, congenital anomalies, and postpartum infection or hemorrhage. Other factors which were found to be related to maternal attitude toward pregnancy were clinic visits for psychosocial complaints related to anxiety states, and accidental injuries during pregnancy, as well as need for analgesics during labor. Birth weight of the infant, duration of gestation, length of labor, prenatal complications, and intrapartum obstetric complications were not related to maternal attitude. In order to control for the effect of confounding factors, these relationships were analyzed by using a multicontingency table approach and stratifying the data by parity, age of mother, and socioeconomic status. PMID- 7352526 TI - Relevance of correlates of infant deaths for significant morbidity at 1 year of age. AB - This paper examines the issue of whether or not factors identified as risks for death in the first year of life also serve as risks for morbidity in surviving infants through data collected on 390,425 live births, 5,084 infant deaths, and 4,327 surviving 1-year-old children among singleton births in eight geographically defined regions in the United States. Factors which presented risks for neonatal death, such as advanced maternal age and maternal history of prior fetal loss, proved to present risks for congenital anomalies/severe developmental delay, whereas factors heavily influenced by environmental conditions, such as young maternal age and lower maternal educational attainment, were associated with higher postneonatal mortality rates and other significant illness, among both low-birth-weight and normal-birth-weight infants. The association of delivery by cesarean section with death and morbidity was also explored. PMID- 7352528 TI - Postpartum glycosylated hemoglobin levels in mothers of large--for--gestational age infants. AB - Glycosylated hemoglobin levels were determined in 19 women who were delivered of large--for--gestational age (greater than 4,082 grams) infants and compared to control values. Although the mean level for each group did not differ significantly (6.7% +/- 1.5% versus 6.5% +/- 0.2%) three women had increased hemoglobin glycosylation. In this series the birth of a large infant correlated with prepregnancy obesity and greater weight gain during pregnancy. PMID- 7352529 TI - Mosaic and hypermodal cells in amniotic fluid cell cultures. AB - Karyotypic results from a series of 975 consecutive amniotic fluid specimens studied for prenatal diagnosis are reported. In only 32% of specimens were all cells analyzed euploid. Two thirds (63%) of the specimens studied were hypomodal in at least one cell; 25% of the studies were hypomodal in three or more cells. In contrast, only 3.5% of the studies were hypermoidal in one or more cells. Most frequently an additional chromosome 2 was present in these hypermodal cells. Cells with other than a diploid chromosome constitution may be mistakenly identified as evidence of mosaicism. This is especially likely when the involved chromosome is one associated with a clinically defined syndrome. PMID- 7352530 TI - Fetal breathing movements in response to maternal inhalation of 5% carbon dioxide. AB - The effect upon fetal breathing movements (FBM) in 49 women with uncomplicated pregnancies who inhaled 5% carbon dioxide in air for 15 minutes was observed with an ADR real-time ultrasound scanner. A threefold increase in FBM occurred during the inhalation of CO2. PMID- 7352531 TI - Neonatal heart rate reactivity following variable decelerations during labor. AB - The instantaneous heart rate of 65 healthy neonates was continuously monitored during labor and the first 30 minutes of neonatal life. It was found that infants who had moderate or severe variable decelerations in utero had a significantly delayed neonatal heart rate (NHR) reactivity without any evidence of perinatal asphyxia. The NHR pattern of infants with and without variable decelerations is described and possible mechanisms which could explain the delayed NHR reactivity are discussed. PMID- 7352532 TI - Clinical significance of fetal heart rate patterns during labor. VI. Early decelerations. AB - In a population of high-risk patients who had continuous "direct" monitoring during labor, 598 (46%) had no decelerations during the first stage, while 247 (19%) had presented early decelerations before completion of dilatation. The clinical characteristics, the fetal heart rate (FHR) baseline alterations, and neonatal outcome were compared between these two groups: there were no differences in any of the aspects evaluated, except that there was transient tachycardia more often among the early-decelerations group. The patients who had no decelerations were subdivided into vaginal deliveries and cesarean deliveries, and the same parameters were compared again: the cesarean section group had longer recordings and more contractions, lower Apgar 1 and 5 minute scores, and higher incidences of Apgar scores less than or equal to 6 at 1 minute, while all other aspects were similar. A possible explanation was that 82% of cesarean sections were done under general anesthesia and only 3% of vaginal deliveries. The implication of ruptured membranes in the etiology of early decelerations was extensively reviewed and discussed in view of these findings. It is concluded that amniotomy does not seem a maneuver deleterious to the fetal well-being. PMID- 7352533 TI - Ectopic trophoblast as a complication of first-trimester induced abortion. PMID- 7352534 TI - Bacteremia or pelvic infection--a consequence of gynecologic biopsies? PMID- 7352535 TI - Listeria monocytogenes: a cause of premature labor and neonatal sepsis. PMID- 7352536 TI - Maternal obseity, weight gain in pregnancy, and infant birth weight. PMID- 7352537 TI - Hemoperitoneum from rupture of a uterine vein overlying a leiomyoma. PMID- 7352538 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of cervical pregnancy. PMID- 7352539 TI - ECT in a depressed patient with adult onset diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7352540 TI - Incidence of side effects in patients on long-term lithium therapy. PMID- 7352541 TI - Myoclonus-associated hypomania during MAO-inhibitor treatment. PMID- 7352542 TI - Withdrawal symptoms from chronic use of low-dose barbiturates. PMID- 7352543 TI - Slow tricyclic antidepressant metabolism, polypharmacy, and cardiac arrest. PMID- 7352544 TI - Precautions in treating DSM-III borderline personality disorder. PMID- 7352545 TI - Massive eosinophilic reaction to desipramine. PMID- 7352546 TI - Chronic pain and depression: a clinical and family history survey. PMID- 7352547 TI - A pilot study of racial differences in erythrocyte lithium transport. PMID- 7352548 TI - The influence of gun control laws on suicidal behavior. PMID- 7352549 TI - Nonpharmacologic factors in the administration of p.r.n. psychotropic medication on an adolescent unit. PMID- 7352550 TI - Hepatic inadequacy and alcoholic delirium. PMID- 7352551 TI - Misidentification syndromes. PMID- 7352552 TI - More on drug history and tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 7352553 TI - Design in studies of "irreversible" treatments. PMID- 7352554 TI - Affective flattening, schizophrenia, and akinesia. PMID- 7352555 TI - Observation room therapy for aggressive adolescents. PMID- 7352556 TI - Investigating the effects of combat. PMID- 7352557 TI - More on the psychoanalyst at mid-career. PMID- 7352558 TI - Replication in studies of the insanity plea. PMID- 7352559 TI - Diagnosis of depression in children: a reassessment. AB - The recent interest in childhood depression has exacerbated the confusion about nosology of this disorder. The authors have attempted to synthesize the latest thinking of several groups working in this area. They present a point-by-point comparison between the diagnostic criteria of Cytryn and McKnew, Weinberg, Kovac's CDI, and DSM-III. There is a striking overlap between these criteria with minor exceptions. This comparison led the authors to conclude that childhood and adult diagnostic criteria for affective disorders are very similar, and DSM-III is a valid instrument for diagnosing childhood affective disorder. PMID- 7352560 TI - Teaching the Present State Examination in America. AB - The Present State Examination (PSE) has gained increasing acceptance in psychiatric research. As with any clinical method, its usefulness rests not only on its reliability and pertinence but also on how successfully it can be taught. Its teachability is particularly important for American-trained clinicans, given the wide differences between Anglo-European and American clinical practices and the fact that the PSE developed from Anglo-European clinical concepts and techniques. The authors reports that by means of preliminary phenomenological training and formal PSE demonstrations and supervised interviews, the PSE can be readily learned by diverse American-trained clinicians with interrater reliability comparable to that of British and European clinicians. PMID- 7352562 TI - Diagnostic instability and depression. AB - Blind raters applied research criteria to the charts of patients whose discharge diagnosis changed through several hospital admissions from depression to schizophrenia and to the charts of matched control patients. Fewer diagnostically unstable patients than control patients satisfied research criteria for depression despite matching discharge diagnoses. The use of operational criteria, then, can be expected to reduce diagnostic instability in depression and thus improve prognostic accuracy. Some patients satisfied the research criteria for depression when they were initially admitted and for schizophrenia at their final admission. This suggests that diagnostic error may not account for all cases of major diagnostic instability. PMID- 7352561 TI - Psychiatrists' transition from training to career: stress and mastery. AB - Although the development of psychiatric residents has been studied extensively, continuing changes in psychiatrists after graduation from training have not. The authors present results of a survey research study of 263 psychiatrists recently graduated from a wide variety of training programs. The psychiatrists reported alarming symptoms of stress during this period, yet they used effective coping mechanisms and perceived themselves as increasing in growth, mastery, and confidence. Their overall contenment with their personal and professional lives effective coping mechanisms were those involving the establishment of support systems with loved ones. PMID- 7352563 TI - Research in psychiatry: a co-citation analysis. AB - Co-citation analysis provides a methodology for investigating the structure of scientific specialties. The authors did such an analysis for psychiatry by using some 2 million references from the Social Sciences Citation Index to identify 155 clusters of publication that represent psychiatry-related areas. They report on the distribution of publications among research areas, the rate of growth in research activity, and interrelationships among disciplines. PMID- 7352564 TI - Accuracy of diagnostic information submitted to an insurance company. AB - Findings from two studies of the utilization of the mental health benefit under the Washington, D.C., area Blue Cross and Blue Shield Federal Employees Program suggest that diagnostic information submitted to insurance companies on claims forms is often inaccurate and therefore of little use for claims or peer review. The authors conclude that inaccurate information is submitted primarily because of legitimate concerns about patient confidentially. The urge that special claims and peer review procedures be developed to assure confidentiality of sensitive clinical information. A pilot project developed by the Washington Psychiatric Society and Blue Cross and Blue Shield is offered as an example of the kinds of systems that need to be devised. PMID- 7352565 TI - The internship: some disquieting findings. AB - A natural experiment in psychiatric education took place nationally between 1970 and 1976, when one group of residents entered psychiatry with an internship, and the other without one. In this study 22 psychiatry residents with an internship and 25 without one were compared during their first two years of training. Initial faculty evaluations of the two groups' responsibility, insight, teachability, and knowledge were virtually identical, as were those of their overall performance in inpatient, consultation, and emergency psychiatry. However, ratings of outpatient psychotherapy showed several significant and differences favoring the noninternship group. The authors find these results disquieting. They suggest that interferences with empathy may be an untoward side effect of the internship. PMID- 7352566 TI - Community mental health centers and the treatment of severe mental disorder. AB - Between 1970 and 1975 the number and rate of admissions to community mental health centers of people given a diagnosis of schizophrenia increased dramatically. However, the proportion of patients with schizophrenia admitted to community mental health centers declined because the increase in the rate of admissions of patients with schizophrenia was diluted by the large increase in the rate of admissions of patients with other diagnoses. The authors review the data on trends in admissions of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia in the context of an expanding system of mental health services characterized by changes in the locus of care. PMID- 7352567 TI - Therapists' recognition of psychopathology: a model for quality review of psychotherapy. AB - In this study 32 randomly selected psychiatric emergency room patients, who were in concurrent psychotherapy, completed the SCL-90 and a clinically oriented questionnaire. Their therapists independently rated the patients' degree of psychopathology on the nine SCL-90 symptom scales. Therapists were highly efficient in recognizing depression (94% of the cases) and anxiety (89%) but not psychotic (35%) and obsessive-complusive (16%) pathology. Variables significantly associated with the therapists' nonrecognition of psychopathology were the diagnosis of borderline, the patient's expression of inadequacy in comparison to the therapist, the patient's fear of offending the therapist, and the patient wanting but not receiving empathy from the therapist. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for peer review and further research. PMID- 7352568 TI - "Coffee groups": a nine-year follow-up study. AB - The authors present a 9-year follow-up study of 76 chronically ill psychiatric patients treated in "coffee groups," a maintenance treatment approach first described in a pilot study in 1976. Their findings show a significant drop in rehospitalization rates for chronic schizophrenic patients after they had started to attend the group, despite irregular patterns of participation and attendance. There was a leveling off of measurable change in psychosocial functioning in contrast to earlier optimistic reports. The coffee group formula has proved to be economical and is viable for a wide chronic diagnostic range and for a variety of therapists' styles. PMID- 7352569 TI - Platelet MAO Vmax and Km in chronic schizophrenic subjects. PMID- 7352570 TI - A "folie a deux" dystonic reaction. PMID- 7352571 TI - Clinical features of the borderline personality disorder. AB - The authors compared 18 patients diagnosed as having borderline personality disorder with 102 patients with orther diagnoses in a psychiatric emergency service. They found that 81 of 129 items obtained from the literature on borderline personality disorder were significantly more characteristic of the patients diagnosed as borderline than patients with other diagnoses. When these items were included in a Borderline Personality Scale they significantly distinguished patients diagnosed as borderline from those with other diagnoses. The patients diagnosed as borderline were not psychotic but were angry, demanding, and difficult to interview; specific histories, interpersonal relationships, defenses, and other judgments of personality functioning were also prominent characteristics of these patients. On the basis of these findings and other studies, the authors maintain that the patients diagnosed as borderline actually had a borderline personality disorder. PMID- 7352572 TI - CSF monoamine metabolites in depression and schizophrenia. AB - The authors report cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of five monoamine metabolites before and after probenecid administration in normal subjects and patients with depression and schizophrenia. No differences were found in baseline metabolite concentrations among the three groups. CSF metabolite and CSF probenecid concentrations were significantly correlated in depressed patients for all metabolites, and there was decreased postprobenecid accumulation of homovanillic acid in the CSF of depressed patients compared with schizophrenic patients and with normal subjects. The authors propose a method for correcting for probenecid concentrations. Data from normal subjects should be of value for other investigators using the probenecid technique. PMID- 7352573 TI - Natural history of male psychological health: VIII. Antecedents of alcololism and "orality". AB - The author reports a prospective study of the mental health and alcohol use of 184 men first studied during their college years. When the men were 50 years old a rater blind to all other data classified the subjects' alcohol use as little (N = 48), social (N = 110), or abuse (N = 26). The warmth of the men's childhood environment and their personality stability in college were assessed by other raters blind to data on subjects' lives after college. Vignettes identifying "oral" adult behavior (pessimism, self-doubt, passivity, and dependence) were collected for each man by a rater blind to subjects' alcohol use and childhood ratings. Poor childhood, personality instability in college, and adult evidence of personality disorder were correlated with oral-dependent behavior but not with alcohol abuse. The 26 problem drinkers seem to have been depressed and unable to cope as a consequence--not a cause--of their inability to control their alcohol consumption. PMID- 7352574 TI - Clouds and silver linings: positive experiences associated with primary affective disorders. AB - Clinical psychiatry has focused almost entirely on the psychopathology of the affective disorders. The authors studied responses of 61 patients (35 bipolar. 26 unipolar) to questions about perceived short- and long-term benefits (increased sensitivity, sexuality, productivity, creativity, and social outgoingness) they attributed to their affective illness. Bipolar patients strongly indicated positive experiences associated with manic-depressive illness; few unipolar patients perceived their disorder in such a way. Significant sex differences emerged in the attributions made by bipolar patients. PMID- 7352575 TI - Dizziness and falling in elderly psychiatric outpatients. AB - The authors examined 100 psychiatric patients who were 60 years old and older for orthostatic hypotension and symptoms of dizziness and falling. Almost 40% of the patients complained of dizziness and falling, although only 27% had systolic orthostatic hypotension. Drug treatment, particularly the combination of tricyclics with other orthostatic hypotension-inducing drugs, was the most important factor accounting for the dizziness and falling. Underlying medical illness, particularly heart disease, also correlated significantly with the patients' symptoms. PMID- 7352576 TI - Diagnosis of mental disorder in adults and increased use of health services in four outpatient settings. AB - The differential use of medical services by patients with and those without a diagnosis of mental disorder was examined in four adult populations by age, sex, diagnosis, and medical department used. The four settings offered comprehensive services to patients who varied greatly in socioeconomic status. In all four settings patients with a diagnosis of mental disorder used all services and general health services more than patients without such a diagnosis. Results document increased medical morbidity and a greater likelihood of a diagnosis of an ill-defined condition in patients with mental disorder than that found in patients without a diagnosis of mental disorder. PMID- 7352577 TI - Effects of dopamine blockade on gonadotropins and testosterone in men. AB - The authors found that plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, and testosterone were initially normal in nine acutely psychotic males with schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder; follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was normal in eight of the nine. When patients were treated with pimozide, a relatively specific dopamine receptor blocker, there were statistically significant declines in FSH and LH, although levels remained within normal limits. Prolactin rose significantly, but testosterone did not change. The observed reductions in FSH and LH concentrations are consistent with the hypotheses that dopamine and/or prolactin play a role in gonadotropin secretion. The maintenance of normal levels of gonadotropins and testosterone, however, suggests that these patients possessed relatively normal hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis function before and during a course of neuroleptic treatment. PMID- 7352578 TI - Neuropsychological impairment and exclusive abuse of sedatives or hypnotics. AB - In a group of 55 consecutively admitted patients who exclusively abused sedatives or hypnotics, neuropsychological performance was significantly lower and signs of intellectual impairment significantly more often diagnosed than in a matched control group taken from the general population. These results suggest a relationship between abuse of sedatives or hypnotics and cerebral disorder. PMID- 7352579 TI - Attention in hysteria: a study of Janet's hypothesis by means of habituation and arousal measures. AB - Toward the end of the 19th century, Janet suggested that the fundamental disorder in hysteria was one of attention. The authors examined this idea in a study of habituation. Patients with a history of prolonged conversion symptons (N = 11) showed a severe impairment in habituation when compared with patients with anxiety neuroses (N = 10). This finding cannot be explained in terms of arousal and suggests that selective inattention is deficient in hysterical individuals. PMID- 7352580 TI - Male rape victims: noninstitutionalized assault. AB - Fourteen male rape victims treated in a county hospital emergency room over a 30 month period are compared with 100 randomly selected female victims treated over the same period. The male victims as a group sustained more physical trauma, were more likely to have been a victim of multiple assaults from multiple assailants, and were more likely to have been held captive longer. They were more reluctant to reveal initially the genital component of their assault and were more likely to use denial and control their emotions in reaction to the assault. Proper diagnosis and treatment of male rape victims requires a high index of suspicion and sensititivty to the likelihood of major, hidden trauma. PMID- 7352581 TI - Training police officers to distinguish mental illness. AB - The authors evaluated the impact of short-term intensive instruction by mental health professionals on police officers' attitudes toward the mentally ill and on their ability to distinguish between mental illness and other behavior. Compared with a control group who did not receive the special training the 80 officers showed increased interest in and sympathy for psychiatric problems. PMID- 7352582 TI - Transfers from a general hospital psychiatric service to a state hospital. AB - The authors investigated the marked decline in the number of patients transferred from an inpatient service of a general hospital to a state hospital during a 30 month period. The major reasons for transfer were unmanageable behavior, high risk of suicide or homicide, administrative considerations, and unremitting or deteriorating course. They found that administrative concern about three factors- the many problems of patients likely to be transferred, staff anxiety, and the relationship between the general hospital and state hospital units--can facilitate the decline in the number of patients transferred to a state hospital. PMID- 7352583 TI - The psychiatric assessment of a Vietnamese refugee through art. PMID- 7352584 TI - Characteristics of therapeutic response to imipramine in cataplectic men. PMID- 7352585 TI - Delirium after abrupt withdrawal from doxepin: case report. PMID- 7352586 TI - Amantadine-associated recurrence of psychosis. PMID- 7352587 TI - Two-year follow-up of a peer review training program for residents. PMID- 7352588 TI - Psychosis with withdrawal from ethchlorvynol. PMID- 7352589 TI - Idiot savant with unusual mechanical ability: an organic explanation. PMID- 7352590 TI - Work-site treatment for obesity. PMID- 7352591 TI - Patients at risk of developing severe side effects from depot fluphenazine treatment. PMID- 7352593 TI - Neuroleptic-induced depression? PMID- 7352592 TI - Titrated versus fixed-dose protocols. PMID- 7352594 TI - Differentiating between adult and childhood diagnoses. PMID- 7352595 TI - Intramuscular administration of tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 7352597 TI - The Caenis syndrome. PMID- 7352598 TI - Questioning the concept of pseudodementia. PMID- 7352596 TI - Patient preference: lithium pills versus capsules. PMID- 7352600 TI - More on predicting dangerousness. PMID- 7352599 TI - Cholinergic rebounds and withdrawal syndromes. PMID- 7352601 TI - Thyrotoxicosis and mania. PMID- 7352602 TI - Continuous confusion? PMID- 7352603 TI - Animal bites--a continuing problem. PMID- 7352604 TI - The changing health state of women. PMID- 7352605 TI - The concept and measurement of continuity in primary care. AB - Continuity of care, a stated fundamental principle of family medicine, is reviewed in terms of its philosophy and definitions. A model of continuity in primary medical practice is proposed, consisting of five elements: the provider, consumer, encounter type, knowledge base, and environment of continuity. The elements are measurable, some more easily than others. There is need to define and operationalize the model more accurately in order to evaluate continuity in primary care medicine. PMID- 7352606 TI - Anti-rabies treatments in New Mexico: impact of a comprehensive consultation biologics system. AB - Fewer than 20% of the 30,000 anti-rabies treatments administered in the United States each year are necessary. New Mexico established a comprehensive consultation-biologics program to assist physicians in making appropriate and systematic rabies treatment decisions. In 1978, 32 individuals received anti rabies treatments as the result of 144 physician consultation requests. Dog and cat exposures accounted for 70 per cent of consultations and 63 per cent of the treatments. A seasonal peak of both consultations and treatments was observed in the summer and early autumn. The cost of biologics was $212 per treatment. Coordinated use of laboratory diagnostic services and animal control resources obviated the need for treatment in over 60 per cent of the 112 consultations not resulting in treatment. Experience in 1978 suggested that the system was probably responsible for a greater than five-fold reduction in the annual rate of anti rabies treatments in New Mexico. Efficient physician utilization and high acceptability of the program may be attributed to maximization of private sector input into design and implementation of this public health program. PMID- 7352607 TI - Women, work and coronary heart disease: prospective findings from the Framingham heart study. AB - This study examined the relationship of employment status and employment-related behaviors to the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in women. Between 1965 and 1967, a psychosocial questionnaire was administered to 350 housewives, 387 working women (women who had been employed outside the home over one-half their adult years), and 580 men participating in the Framingham Heart Study. The respondents were 45 to 64 years of age and were followed for the development of CHD over the ensuing eight years. Regardless of employment status, women reported significantly more symptoms of emotional distress than men. Working women and men were more likely to report Type A behavior, ambitiousness, and marital disagreements than were housewives; working women experienced more job mobility than men, and more daily stress and marital dissatisfaction than housewives or men. Working women did not have significantly higher incidence rates of CHD than housewives (7.8 vs 5.4 per cent, respectively). However, CHD rates were almost twice as great among women holding clerical jobs (10.6 per cent) as compared to housewives. The most significant predictors of CHD among clerical workers were: suppressed hostility, having a nonsupportive boss, and decreased job mobility. CHD rates were higher among working women who had ever married, especially among those who had raised three or more children. Among working women, clerical workers who had children and were married to blue collar workers were a highest risk of developing CHD (21.3 per cent). PMID- 7352608 TI - Epidemiological studies of chronic disease: maladjustment of observed mortality rates. AB - Age adjustment of observed mortality and morbidity rates is not a substitute for age-specific analysis. Measures of association between potential causal factors and adjusted mortality rates are functions of the particular adjustment procedure and the choice of reference population. We exhibit here the wide variation in simple correlation statistics that occurs with eight adjustment methods and three reference populations. We then generalize these results to the multivariate situation showing an example in which there is coherent structure for the associations between predictors and mortality. This is contrasted with another example in which no such meaningful pattern exists. Studies are cited that could have been improved by greater attention to the underlying structure of age adjusted rates. Age adjustment of total observed rates yields meaningless numbers that are useful for comparative purposes only. Total observed rates have substantive meaning but provide useful etiological clues primarily when supported by analyses of appropriate age-specific data. PMID- 7352610 TI - Prevention through pre-review in occupational health and safety. AB - Occupational health problems have needlessly been produced at many worksites as a consequence of their not having been anticipated during design and construction. Pre-review may be an effective and efficient mechanism for preventive intervention in occupational health and safety. Legal and administrative precedents are cited from the United States and other countries. Proposals are presented, with Israel as an example, which aim to implement the principle of pre review. PMID- 7352609 TI - Follow-up study of the impact of a rural preventive care outreach program on children's health and use of medical services. AB - The present study is a follow-up of a previous evaluation of a rural pediatric preventive care outreach program in Appalachia, which showed that although program participants did not differ substantially from their matched controls on health outcomes, they did have significantly lower utilization rates for outpatient services. The purpose of this second study was to determine whether replication of the original study would yield similar results on a fresh sample of children and whether differences observed between study and control groups would hold firm once families had terminated contact with the program. In general, the findings of the present study provided additional evidence to suggest that program children had lower utilization of outpatient medical services with no appreciable difference from the control children in health outcomes. Lower outpatient utilization rates were also found after termination of contact with the program, but the differences were not statistically significant. PMID- 7352611 TI - Asbestos hazard evaluation in Rhode Island schools. AB - A statewide survey to identify and abate spray-on asbestos hazards in schools has been conducted in Rhode Island. Of 326 target schools, 24 (8 per cent) contained material confirmed in the laboratory to be spray-on asbestos. Overt hazards requiring major corrective measures were found in 4 (1 per cent) of the target schools. Simplified identification and reporting procedures allowed for the efficient conduct of the survey. PMID- 7352612 TI - Cigarette smoking among medical students. AB - A survey of first and second year medical students at Saint Louis University revealed that only 6 per cent were current cigarette smokers. This represents a continuation of a downward trend in the percentage of smokers among American medical students as reported in earlier, independent surveys. Implications for improved health status and for better preventive care for patients by these future physicians are discussed. PMID- 7352613 TI - The relationship between elevated blood pressure and obesity in Black children. AB - Blood pressures, heights and weights were measured in 1,692 elementary school black children. Elevated blood pressure (EBP) was defined as a systolic or diastolic reading above the 90th percentile for age, and weights were categorized into five classes based on weight for height norms. Systolic EBP children, whether boys or girls, were three times as likely to be obese as black children in the total population, and a similar relationship held for diastolic EBP children. PMID- 7352614 TI - The influence of maternal age, birth order and socioeconomic status on infant mortality in Chile. AB - In Chile between 1969 and 1974 the birth rate declined by 10 per cent and the infant mortality rate by 18.6 per cent. In 1974 there were proportionately fewer births at high birth order than in 1969. Such births carry significantly higher risk to the infant in both the neonatal and postneonatal period of life. Comparison of data from urban areas of high and low socioeconomic status yield similar findings. PMID- 7352616 TI - Critique of analytical studies 'one-sided'. PMID- 7352615 TI - Women's rights in the courts: some gains and losses. PMID- 7352617 TI - Child development and behavior. PMID- 7352618 TI - Antibody development in garter snakes (Thamnophis spp.) experimentally infected with western equine encephalitis virus. AB - Garter snakes (Thamnophis spp.) have been considered to possibly play an important role in the ecology of western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus. Serological tests (hemagglutination-inhibition, complement-fixation, neutralization test in mice, and plaque neutralization) to detect antibody in these reptiles following laboratory exposure t this virus have, in our experience, been unsatisfactory. A new test, the snake globulin precipitation (SGP) test, has been developed and we consider it to be reliable in detecting antibody in WEE virus-infected garter snakes. Antibody has been detected in these snakes over 4.5 years following inoculation with WEE virus. The SGP test should be a valuable tool in obtaining further information regarding the possible role of these cold-blooded vertebrates in the ecology of this important arbovirus. PMID- 7352619 TI - The significance of western equine encephalomyelitis viral infections in Aedes trivittatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Iowa. I. Variation in susceptibility of Aedes trivittatus to experimental infection with three strains of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. AB - F1 pregnancy obtained from field-collected Aedes trivittatus were evaluated for susceptibility to infection with western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus by intrathoracic inoculation and by oral imbibition of virus-blood suspensions through a membrane. Mosquitoes were uniformly susceptible to infection by intrathoracic inoculation of three strains of WEE virus, but minimum infective doses varied as much as 2,000 to 12,000-fold between strains by membrane feeding. Dose-response data obtained by membrane feeding also indicated that field strains of A. trivittatus were quite heterogeneous in their susceptibility to WEE virus since some individual mosquitoes could be infected by ingestion of low virus concentrations while others could not be infected by a 20,000-fold increase in virus concentration. Moreover, A. trivittatus showed a greater affinity for a WEE viral strain isolated from this species than for a WEE viral strain isolated from Culex tarsalis, even though the site, date of collection, and passage history of these isolates were identical. Field strains of A. trivittatus were relatively refractory to oral infection with WEE virus. PMID- 7352620 TI - Purification of Giardia muris trophozoites by using nylon fiber columns. AB - A method is described for purification of large quantities of Giardia muris trophozoites from the small intestine of the mouse by using density layer centrifugation and nylon fiber columns. Centrifugation of trophozoites obtained from the small intestine on Metrizamide, specific gravity 1.10, followed by incubation on a nylon fiber column at 37 degrees C for 120 min, yielded up to 15 X 10(6) viable purified trophozoites per infected mouse. PMID- 7352621 TI - Eastern equine encephalomyelitis in Panama: the epidemiology of the 1973 epizootic. AB - In late June 1973, a small outbreak of equine encephalitis caused by eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus occurred in the Republic of Panama. At least 100 horses were affected by the disease and 40 died. More than 1,700 human sera were obtained from areas of virus activity but no serological evidence for infection was found. Four isolates of EEE virus were recovered, one of which was from a small pool of Culex taeniopus mosquitoes. Serologic studies of infected horses and classification by the short incubation hemagglutination-inhibition tests revealed that these isolates were South American strains. Our evidence suggests that another agent virulent for horses was active during this outbreak. PMID- 7352622 TI - Mass rearing the genetically altered MACHO strain of Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann. AB - Technology was developed for mass rearing males of the genetically altered MACHO strain of Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann, which allowed for elimination of females by treating the eggs with propoxur (o-isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate). This made it possible to eliminate virtually all the females (potential malaria vectors) being released in the field, and also reduced the space previously devoted to larval rearing by 50%, since the females were eliminated in the egg stage. Also, the difficulties involved in separating the sexes with previous techniques were eliminated. Because there is some genetic recombination, about 0.2% of the MACHO males become susceptible and an equal number of females become resistant each generation. Thus after 6-12 months, the strain is purged to remove these contaminants. With this system an average of more than 1 million pupae per day was produced during 3 weeks of a 5-week period, and an average of 968.2 thousand per day during the entire period. The pupae produced were 99.9% males with an average adult emergence of 90%. PMID- 7352623 TI - Effect of cortisone and cyclophosphamide on the immunological role of BCG in Balb/c mice challenged with Leishmania donovani. PMID- 7352624 TI - A case of primary amebic meningoencephalitis in a Nigerian farmer. AB - A fatal case of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAME) in a 35-year-old Nigerian Muslim farmer is described. The disease was contracted during ritual washing before prayers, which involved the sniffing of water up his nose to clean it. The water came from a man-made pond at his farm. The clinical presentation, isolation of the ameba from the cerebrospinal fluid and nasal passages, poor response to amphotericin B, and ultimate fatal outcome prove this to be a case of PAME. On the basis of its ability to grow at 42 degrees C, morphology of the trophozoite, cyst, and flagellate forms, animal pathogenicity, and nuclear division the ameba was identified as Naegleria fowleri. Pathogenic N. fowleri were recovered from samples of water and soil from the pond. This represents the fourth proven case of PAME from northern Nigeria. PMID- 7352625 TI - Parasitological diagnosis of onchocerciasis: comparisons of incubation media and incubation times for skin snips. AB - Tissue culture fluid NCTC 135 (Hank's base) was compared to water and to saline as incubation media for the detection of microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in skin snips. NCTC 135 allowed detection of significantly more positive persons than did water (P less than 0.001) or saline (P less than 0.05) when two snips per person were incubated for periods of 0.5 or 24 hours. In addition, snips containing microfilariae were incubated in NCTC 135 or in saline and the number of emerged microfilariae was determined at various intervals of time up to 24 hours. After incubation, snips were either fixed in 10% formalin, serially sectioned, and the microfilariae counted, or they were digested in collagenase solution to free unemerged microfilaire. Of the total number of microfilariae present in the snips, 43.9% +/- 18.5, 80.2% +/- 22.2, 83.0% +/- 19.5, and 85.3% +/- 18.0 had emerged by 0.5, 4, 8, and 24 hours of incubation, respectively. Of the microfilariae that remained in the skin after incubation, most were located deep in the dermis. PMID- 7352626 TI - Is predisposition to giardiasis associated with the ABO groups? AB - Since an excess of blood group A in giardiasis has been repeatedly reported, we studied 190 patients with parasitologically confirmed giardiasis. Their blood group distribution did not differ from that of the Finnish population, and the statistically insignificant deviations were a surplus of group B and a shortage of group A. Among 85 participants of four travel groups which experienced an epidemic of giardiasis, the blood group distributions of the infected and the noninfected persons were not different. Thus, blood group A did not predispose to the acquisition of Giardia lamblia infection. To disclose an impact on the course of the disease, the patients were classified according to symptoms or duration of infection, but the ABO distributions did not differ from the expected. Our patients were adults, probably contracting giardiasis for the first time during a trip abroad, while the excess of group A has been reported in children in enedemic areas. PMID- 7352627 TI - Therapeutic efficacy of oral oxamniquine in the toxemic form of schistosomiasis mansoni: treatment of eleven individuals from two families, and experimental study. AB - Two families, comprising 11 individuals in the toxemic form of schistosomiasis mansoni, infected in Belo Horizonte, Brazil were treated. Parasitological cure was obtained in 5 (45%) of the patients after a single oral dose of oxamniquine (Mansil), 20 mg/kg body weight. No significant side effects were observed. To evaluate the possibility of resistance to the drug, cercariae collected from Biomphalaria glabrata infected with micracidia from eggs obtained from three of the individuals not cured were studied. Mice infected with these three strains were cured after a single dose of examniquine. It is suggested that research be continued with other therapeutic schedules and perhaps other, more potent, drugs. PMID- 7352628 TI - Quantitative egg excretion and work capacity in a Gezira population infected with Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 7352629 TI - In vivo microscopy of schistosomiasis. II. Migration of Schistosoma mansoni in the lungs, liver, and intestine. PMID- 7352630 TI - Sustained release of niridazole from silicone rubber implants for the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni infections. AB - Niridazole was incorporated into silicone rubber implants to investigate the potential of a sustained release of the drug in the therapy of murine schistosomiasis mansoni. The infected animals (200 cercariae for 6 weeks) were randomly divided into three groups: one group received silicone rubber implants containing 50% by weight niridazole; a second group received blank silicone rubber implants with no drug; and the third group received no implants. Mortality 4 weeks later was in excess of 80% for animals with no implants or with the blank silicone rubber implants. In contrast, 10% mortality was observed in the mice receiving the niridazole-silicone rubber implants over a 10-week period. The worm burden in the niridazole-silicone rubber implant group was reduced at 10 weeks post implantation by 77%. PMID- 7352631 TI - Evaluation of circulating antigens by a sandwich radioimmunoassay, and of antibodies and immune complexes, in Schistosoma mansoni-infected African parturients and their newborn children. AB - Circulating Schistosoma mansoni soluble antigens (CSA), circulating anti-S. mansoni antibodies (CAb), and immune complexes (CIC) were studied in three groups of African patients living in the same area. The first two groups were composed of 26 S. mansoni-infected mothers and their 26 uninfected newborn children. The third group included 13 men and 10 non-pregnant women who were also infected with S. mansoni. CSA were quantified by using a solid phase sandwich radioimmunoassay, which was shown to be sensitive, reproducible, and S. mansoni-specific. CAb were studied by indirect hemagglutination. CIC evaluations were performed by using the Clq binding test. A high correlation was shown between the CSA levels in sera from infected mothers and from the umbilical cord of their newborn children, indicating that CSA are probably transferred through the placenta. CSA levels in mothers were significantly higher than in the third group, in which no difference was found between men and women. On the other hand, CAb and CIC were significantly higher in the third group than in the group of mothers, indicating that CSA levels may be modulated by the immune response of the host. PMID- 7352632 TI - Giardia cyst destruction: effectiveness of six small-quantity water disinfection methods. AB - None of the available chemical methods for disinfecting drinking water has ever been tested for its ability to destory Giardia cysts. We tested the ability of six such methods to act against Giardia, using excystation as the criterion of viability. Two water qualities (cloudy and clear) and two temperatures (3 and 20 degrees C) were tested. At 20 degrees C, using cloudy and clear water, all of the method proved completely effective. However, at 3 degrees C, in cloudy water one method ("saturated" iodine) was less than completely effective, and in clear water four methods (bleach, Globaline, tincture of iodine and "saturated" iodine) failed to destory all of the cysts. The failure of these methods appears to be related to either an insufficient halogen residual or contact time. This study underlines the importance of considering water temperature when employing halogen disinfection methods. PMID- 7352633 TI - Sugar and snails: the ecology of bilharziasis related to agriculture in Puerto Rico. PMID- 7352634 TI - Sympathetic influences on coronary perfusion and evolving concepts of driving pressure, resistance, and transmural flow regulation. PMID- 7352635 TI - Acromegalic patient--indication for fiberoptic bronchoscopy but not tracheostomy. PMID- 7352636 TI - Headache immediately following attempted epidural analgesia in obstetrics. PMID- 7352637 TI - Enflurane antiarrhythmic effect documented. PMID- 7352638 TI - DSA system misleading. PMID- 7352639 TI - Metabolism of nitrous oxide by human and rat intestinal contents. AB - Nitrous oxide labeled with a stable heavy nitrogen isotope was used for in-vitro studies of nitrous oxide metabolism in man and rat. At 5 per cent oxygen tension, which is comparable to normal oxygen tension in the intestine in vivo, each gram of intestinal contents during a 16-hr in-vitro incubation produced 47 +/- 13 nmol of molecular nitrogen for the rat and 103 +/- 17 nmol for man. Active reductive metabolism of nitrous oxide by intestinal contents was significantly inhibited by antibiotics and by 20 per cent oxygen tension. It is suggested that the reduction of nitrous oxide to nitrogen may proceed through a single-electron transfer process with formation of free radicals. Under these circumstances, metabolism of nitrous oxide could produce toxic intermediates, even thought the end-metabolite is inert. PMID- 7352640 TI - Lidocaine as an analgesic for experimental pain. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic contribution of intravenously administered lidocaine and to correlate it with blood levels of the drug. In a double-blind manner, 14 healthy male volunteers received saline solution or lidocaine, 0.2 per cent, at three increasingly greater rates of infusion on two separate days. Experimental pain was produced by means of the submaximal tourniquet-induced ischemia test of Beecher and Smith. The times to the onset of ischemic (threshold) and unbearable (tolerance) pain were recorded for three control trials to two tests for the same end points during each infusion rate. Between the two ischemic trials, while the test solution continued to be infused, venous blood samples were drawn and analyzed for lidocaine by gas chromatography. No statistically significant difference in analgesia between the control and lidocaine values for threshold or tolerance was observed at blood levels from 1 to 3 micrograms/ml. The data suggest that lidocaine at these blood levels produces sedation but not analgesia. PMID- 7352641 TI - Lidocaine, bupivacaine, etidocaine, and epinephrine-induced arrhythmias during halothane anesthesia in dogs. AB - Arrhythmogenic doses of epinephrine were determined in six mongrel dogs anesthetized at 1.4 MAC halothane initially in the absence of local anesthetics and then at increasing arterial plasma levels of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and etidocaine. The authors gave epinephrine intravenously at 5 microgram/kg/min and calculated the arrhythmogenic dose as a function of time until two or more premature ventricular contractions occurred within a 10-sec period. The control arrythmogenic dose of epinephrine was 4.66 +/- 0.46 microgram/kg (mean +/- SEM). Arrythmogenic doses of epinephrine were increased significantly after each dose of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and etidocaine. With the largest doses studied, local anesthetic plasma levels were frequently in the toxic range. The data show that lidocaine, bupivacaine, and etidocaine equally protect against epinephrine induced arrhythmias in dogs anesthetized with halothane. PMID- 7352642 TI - Pulmonary mechanics in normal subjects following endotracheal intubation. PMID- 7352643 TI - Stimulus frequency and dose-respone curve to d-tubocurarine in man. AB - The relationship of the frequency of motor-nerve stimulation to the dose- response to d-tubocurarine was studied in 45 adult patients during nitrous oxide- oxygen--morphine--thiopental anesthesia. One of five stimulus frequencies, 0.1, 0.15, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 Hz, was employed in each of five groups of nine patients. Cumulative dose-response curves for inhibition of evoked thumb adduction were constructed at each frequency on log probit scales and the ED50 and ED95 values were determined. The apparent potencies of d-tubocurarine at 0.5 and1.0 Hz were significantly different from that at 0.1 Hz; for example, at 0.1 Hz the ED50 and ED95 were 0.25 and 0.52 mg/kg, respectively. The corresponding values at 1.0 Hz were 0.07 and 0.15 mg/kg, respectively, or approximately 3.5 times less. The durations of recoveries of the twitch from 5--25 per cent of control at 1.0 and 0.5 Hz were 13 +/- 2 min (mean +/- SE) and 20 +/- 2 min, respectively. These durations were significantly different from that at 0.1 Hz (30 +/- 2 min). These results emphasize the importance of defining the stimulus frequency for meaningful interpretation of the dose--response relationships for nondepolarizing relaxants in man. Slow stimulus rates (0.1--0.15 Hz) are most useful clinically, since all levels of clinical relaxation can be achieved at these rates without abolishing the evoked twitch response. PMID- 7352644 TI - Increased resistance to nitroprusside-induced cyanide toxicity in anuric dogs. PMID- 7352645 TI - Epidural anesthesia for cesarean section: a comparison of bupivacaine, chloroprocaine, and etidocaine. AB - The authors studied three groups of patients undergoing elective cesarean section during lumbar epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine, 0.75 per cent (15 patients), chloroprocaine, 3 per cent (15 patients) or etidocaine, 1 per cent (ten patients). Excellent sensory and motor block were obtained with chloroprocaine and bupivacaine; sensory anesthesia was inadequate with etidocaine in most patients. Onset of anesthesia, induction--delivery interval, and stay in the recovery room were all longer with bupivacaine when compared with chloroprocaine. Fetal outcomes, as determined by Apgar scores, acid--base status and neurobehavioral testing, were equally good in all groups. At delivery, fetal/maternal concentration ratio of bupivacaine was 0.31 and that of etidocaine, 0.25. The umbilical artery--umbilical vein blood concentration difference for etidocaine was significantly higher than that for bupivacaine. Excellent clinical results were obtained using either bupivacaine, 0.75 per cent, alone, or chloroprocaine, 3 per cent- for induction and maintenance of anesthesia, supplemented with bupivacaine, 0.25 per cent, before removal of the catheter. PMID- 7352646 TI - Nitrous oxide intensifies the pulmonary arterial pressure response to venous injection of carbon dioxide in the dog. AB - To determine the effect of nitrous oxide on the body's response to venous carbon dioxide (CO2) embolization, the authors compared changes in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) following intravenous injections of CO2 in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs breathing 100 per cent oxygen (O2) or nitrous oxide--oxygen, 79:21 per cent (N2O). When CO2 was infused intravenously in seven dogs at a rate of 3 ml/kg/min the volume of injected CO2 needed to increase MPAP to 40 per cent above control during breathing of O2 was approximately 5.5 times the volume necessary during inhalation of N2O. In a second group of eight dogs, breathing N2O, compared with O2 or air, resulted in a significantly greater increase and duration of increase in MPAP following a bolus injection of CO2 of 20, 40 or 80 ml. The data suggest that breathing nitrous oxide intensifies and prolongs the effect of CO2 bubbles in blood. While the magnitude of insult following intravenous injection of CO2 is about 6.5 times less than that for a similar volume of air, avoidance of nitrous oxide should be considered in management of patients in whom CO2 embolism is possible. PMID- 7352647 TI - Comparison of aortic pulse-wave contour analysis and thermodilution methods of measuring cardiac output during anesthesia in the dog. PMID- 7352648 TI - Monitoring neuromuscular block may be unreliable in patients with upper-motor neuron lesions. PMID- 7352649 TI - Magnesium sulfate prevents succinylcholine-induced fasciculations in toxemic parturients. PMID- 7352650 TI - Hypoglycemia-induced seizures in an infant during anesthesia. PMID- 7352651 TI - V-lead adapter. PMID- 7352652 TI - Effect of acute sympathectomy by epidural anesthesia on the canine coronary circulation. AB - The effects of reversible sympathetic neural blockade of the canine myocardium under control conditions and in the presence of decreased coronary blood flow and after myocardial infarction were investigated in 17 dogs. A multiple-microsphere technique was used to measure distribution of blood flow in the myocardium. Epidural blockade was associated with the following changes in the ratio of endocardial to epicardial blood flow: under control conditions, no change; after 50 per cent decrease in coronary flow, 18 per cent increase in endocardial/epicardial ratio; after myocardial infarction at unrestricted coronary flow, 43 per cent ratio increase; after myocardial infarction and 50 per cent decrease in coronary flow, 76 per cent increase of endocardial/epicardial ratio. These effects appear to be independent of systemic factors, and may result from alterations in tone of transmural resistance vessels. In addition, cervicothoracic epidural blockade resulted in a decrease in systemic pressure and an increase in coronary vascular resistance as myocardial oxygen demand decreased. When systemic pressure was restored these effects were abolished. In the presence of myocardial infarction, epidural blockade had less effect on systemic pressure and left ventricular filling pressure was decreased. With decreased coronary flow, sympathetic blockade redistributed coronary blood flow, favoring sympathetic blockade redistributed coronary blood flow, favoring the endocardium in both the normal and the infarcted heart. PMID- 7352653 TI - Pseudoaneurysm, a late complication of radial-artery catheterization. PMID- 7352654 TI - Biochemical alterations during tetany. PMID- 7352655 TI - Cardiorespiratory and cranial-nerve sequelae of surgical procedures involving the posterior fossa. PMID- 7352656 TI - Medical gas outlets--a hazard from interchangeable "quick-connect" couplers. PMID- 7352657 TI - A source of nonanesthetic nitrous oxide in operating room air. PMID- 7352658 TI - Methylmethacrylate airway obstruction. PMID- 7352659 TI - Deaths related to anesthesia. PMID- 7352660 TI - Deaths related to anesthesia. PMID- 7352661 TI - Abduction of the vocal cords. PMID- 7352662 TI - Rare cause of stridor. PMID- 7352663 TI - Use of pulmonary-artery catheter not justified. PMID- 7352664 TI - Does "self-taming" decrease postoperative myalgia in outpatients. PMID- 7352665 TI - Factors affecting measurement of intraocular pressure. PMID- 7352666 TI - Anesthesia and the lung. PMID- 7352667 TI - Effect of dantrolene on neouromuscular block by d-tubocurarine and subsequent antagonism by neostigmine in the rabbit. PMID- 7352668 TI - Use of a pulmonary-artery catheter for detection and treatment of venous air embolism: a prospective study in man. PMID- 7352669 TI - A bioassay for a water-soluble benzodiazepine against sodium thiopental. AB - The authors performed a bioassay of midazolam maleate, an investigational, water soluble benzodiazepine; to determine the duration of sleep after a single intravenous dose. Sodium thiopental was the standard against which the midazolam maleate was assayed. Prior to operation 60 surgical patients were randomly given one of five doses of drugs, either thiopental, 180 or 270 mg, or midazolam maleate, 6.6, 10, or 15 mg. The designated drug was infused intravenously over 20 sec in a double-blind fashion. Sleep was defined as commencing when the patients stopped counting, and ending when they could respond appropriately to verbal commands. Midazolam maleate, 10 mg (9--12 mg represents 95 per cent confidence limits), was found to be equivalent to thiopental, 200 mg, in the duration of sleep induced. Apnea following the infusion was less frequent and of shorter duration after midazolam maleate than after thiopental. It is concluded that midazolam maleate is a satisfactory agent for the induction of anesthesia, and that it is about 20 times as potent as thiopental. PMID- 7352670 TI - Rebound hypertensive after sodium nitroprusside prevented by saralasin in rats. AB - The role of the renin--angiotensin system in the maintenance of blood pressure during halothane anesthesia and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced hypotension was evaluated. Control rats received halothane anesthesia (1 MAC) for one hour, followed by SNP infusion, 40 microgram/kg/min, for 30 min, followed by a 30-min recovery period. A second group of rats was treated identically and, in addition, received an infusion of saralasin (a competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II) throughout the experimental period. In each group, SNP infusion resulted in an initial decrease in blood pressure from 86 torr and 83 torr, respectively, to 48 torr. During the SNP infusion the control animals demonstrated a progressive increase in blood pressure to 61 torr, whereas the saralasin-treated animals showed no change. Following discontinuation of SNP, blood pressure in the control animals rebounded to 94 torr, as compared with 78 torr in the saralasin-treated rats. This study indicates that with stable halothane anesthesia, the partial recovery of blood pressure during SNP infusion and the post-SNP rebound of blood pressure can be completely blocked by saralasin. This demonstrates the participation of the renin--angiotensin system in antagonizing the combined hypotensive effects of halothane and SNP. PMID- 7352671 TI - Anesthetic pollution in the operating room: a notice to operating room personnel. PMID- 7352672 TI - Respiratory responses to surgical stimulation during enflurane anesthesia. PMID- 7352673 TI - Subdural hematomas after lumbar dural puncture. PMID- 7352674 TI - Serum potassium levels following transfusion of frozen erythrocytes. PMID- 7352675 TI - Immediate hemodynamic and pulmonary changes following pulmonary thromboembolism. PMID- 7352676 TI - Intraoperative diagnosis of a gastrobronchial fistula. PMID- 7352677 TI - High-frequency jet ventilation for laryngoscopy. PMID- 7352678 TI - Immunoglobulin E fluctuation in thiopental anaphylaxis. PMID- 7352679 TI - Clinical testing for neuromuscular blockade correlates with train-of-four. PMID- 7352680 TI - Faulty temperature probe. PMID- 7352681 TI - Phlebitis vs. cutaneous vasodilatation. PMID- 7352682 TI - Monitor of sensory level during epidural or spinal anesthesia. PMID- 7352683 TI - Audio vs. visual oxygen alarm. PMID- 7352685 TI - Origin of the balloon technique as an epidural-space indicator. PMID- 7352684 TI - A sterile cover for repositioning a pulmonary-artery catheter. PMID- 7352686 TI - Tympanometry in kindergarten children. AB - Screening tympanometry disclosed abnormalities in as many as 66% of unselected kindergarten children, including 29% with type B tympanograms. Abnormalities were more frequent in February than September and more frequent in boys than girls. Abnormalities often subsided spontaneously within six weeks. Tympanometric abnormalities were not found more frequently in a small group of children with allergic respiratory disease. PMID- 7352687 TI - Acute asthma: the use of subcutaneous epinephrine in therapy. AB - The effects of three dosages of epinephrine given one to three times were investigated in acute asthma. Variable changes occurred in arterial blood gases and, except for the 0.1 mg dose, statistically significant increases in mean PEFR after a single injection. Repeated administration of 0.1 mg was, however, an effective bronchodilator regimen. PMID- 7352689 TI - Treatment of chronic urticaria with an inhibitor of complement activation (cinnarizine). AB - Twenty-three patients with chronic urticaria were treated with cinnarizine, dexchlorpheniramine and placebo in a double-blind, crossover trial. Compared to placebo treatment both cinnarizine and dexchlorpheniramine caused a statistically significant improvement in the clinical symptoms (p less than 0.01). The two active drugs were found to be equally effective; however, cinnarizine was better tolerated. Both drugs appear to be useful in the treatment of chronic urticaria. PMID- 7352688 TI - A comparison of oral terbutaline and fenoterol in asthma. AB - The effects of fenoterol and terbutaline, new beta 2 selective bronchodilators each administered orally in five mgm doses, was assessed in 33 asthmatics treated for six weeks. Both agents appeared to be equally potent bronchodilators with equally prolonged duration of action. Adrenergic side effects were half as frequent with fenoterol as compared to terbutaline. With both agents statistically significant drug tolerance developed--the clinical significance of which is unknown. PMID- 7352690 TI - IgE levels in cord serum. PMID- 7352691 TI - Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy. PMID- 7352692 TI - Theophylline preparations in the treatment of asthma in children. PMID- 7352696 TI - Elastic behavior and structure of normal and emphysematous lungs post mortem. AB - To examine the relationship between lung structure and function, static deflation pressure-volume curves were measured post mortem in 14 normal and 7 emphysematous lungs, and the results were compared to morphometric measurements of lung. Elastic behavior was described satisfactorily by an exponential function: V = A Be-KP, where V is lung volume, P is static recoil pressure, and A, B, and K are constants. The constant K, an index of pulmonary elasticity, was closely related to a morphometric measurement of mean alveolar size. In normal lungs the decrease in pulmonary elasticity with age was quantified by an increase in K. When emphysema was present, K was invariably increased by more than 2 SD above the mean predicted value for age, reflecting the abnormally increased distensibility of alveoli in this disorder. The present findings indicate that a similar analysis of pressure-volume measurements obtained during life will reliably detect the presence of pulmonary emphysema in patients with chronic airflow limitation. PMID- 7352693 TI - Accelerated clearance of small solutes from the lungs in interstitial lung disease. AB - Solutions of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetate (99mTc-DTPA) and 99mTcO-4 were aerosolized and inhaled by subjects seated against a scintillation camera. Initial clearance rates of these radionuclides were determined over 6 posterior lung regions. Clearance of 99mTcO-4 (molecular weight, 163 dalton exceeded that of 99mTc-DTPA (molecular weight, 492 daltons) by an average factor of 3.3. Upper lobe clearance of both radionuclides was greater than lower-lobe clearance in the normal subjects, but this gradient was abolished when the subjects exhaled against 7 cm of positive end-expiratory pressure. Twenty-one patients with clinical and roentgenographic evidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and diminished CO diffusion rates were studied with 99mTc-DTPA. Clearance of 99mTc DTPA was increased in each of 5 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 4 of 8 with sarcoid, 2 of 5 with pneumoconiosis, and 2 of 3 patients with other forms of ILD. In contrast, the clearance of 99mTcO-4 was decreased in 4 patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Furthermore, no increase in 99mTc-DTPA clearance was found in 5 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These studies suggest that the initial clearance of these aerosolized hydrophilic radionuclides is accomplished in part by diffusion through the epithelium of alveoli and respiratory bronchioles. Whereas radionuclide clearance is impaired by the presence of precipitated protein in these structures in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, clearance is accelerated in ILD. This may indicate increased epithelial permeability in ILD related to injury and increased retractile forces. PMID- 7352694 TI - Chronic bronchitis and decreased forced expiratory flow rates in lifetime nonsmoking grain workers. AB - To determine whether clinical symptoms and pulmonary function abnormalities were more common in lifetime nonsmoking grain elevator workers exposed to grain dust than in lifetime nonsmoking community control subjects who were not occupationally exposed to dust, we obtained an occupational health questionnaire, spirometric variables, and flow-volume curves on 90 lifetime nonsmoking grain workers and 90 lifetime nonsmoking community control subjects. For these groups we calculated the prevalence of chronic bronchitis, defined as daily production of phlegm for 3 months/yr for at least 2 yr. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was higher in nonsmoking workers (23.1%) than in nonsmoking control subjects (3.3%) (p less than 0.01). Nonsmoking grain workers had lower mean values than did nonsmoking control subjects for maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (p less than 0.01) and for maximal expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity (p less than 0.01). We conclude that exposure to grain dust inlifetime nonsmoking grain workers is associated with an increased prevalence of chronic bronchitis and evidence of airflow obstruction. PMID- 7352697 TI - Catamenial pneumothorax: evaluation by fiberoptic pleuroscopy. AB - A patient with catamenial pneumothorax and pelvic endometriosis underwent pleuroscopic examination with the flexible bronchoscope. For the first time, using this technique, diaphragmatic defects were observed, and the passage of air through them from the peritoneum to the thoracic cavity was documented. PMID- 7352698 TI - Idiopathic hypoventilation syndrome: importance of preventing nocturnal hypoxemia and hypercapnia. AB - This report describes a young woman with unexplained chronic hypoventilation that was greatly exacerbated during sleep. Treatment with nocturnal O2 during a 2-yr period was associated with stable cardiovascular function but severe morning headaches and lethargy, presumably related to nightly bouts of hypercapnia and acidosis during sleep. A subsequent 2-yr period in which ventilation was assisted during sleep by means of a rocking bed, but supplementary O2 was not used, was associated with disappearance of the headaches and improved psychosocial function, but with the insidious development of signs of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. This patient's clinical course demonstrates the separate adverse effects of intermittent hypoxemia and hypercapnia and emphasizes the importance of preventing both hypoxemia and hypercapnia during sleep. PMID- 7352699 TI - Non-organic acute upper airway obstruction: description and a diagnostic approach. AB - We describe 3 cases of upper airway obstruction in which no organic cause could be identified. All 3 patients presented with severe dyspnea and stridor. Direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy failed to demonstrate any lesion. Flow-volume loops showed a pattern of severe variable extrathoracic airway obstruction with a decreased peak inspiratory flow and an increased ratio of the forced expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity to the forced inspiratory flow at the same lung volume. Plethysmographically measured airway resistance was normal in the 2 patients for whom it was obtained. We believe a functional etiology should be added to the possible causes of acute upper airway obstruction. This entity can readily be identified by the marked discrepancy between inspiratory flow limitation and airway resistance. PMID- 7352695 TI - The pulmonary consequences of aspiration of gastric contents at pH values greater than 2.5. AB - Physiologic and pathologic responses of dogs were studied to assess the effect on the lungs of aspiration of gastric contents at a pH value greater than 2.5. Experimental solutions were administered into the lungs at a dose of 2 ml/kg. Animals were divided into 5 groups: group 1 (n = 13) received saline at a pH of 5.9; group 2 (n = 8) received hydrochloric acid (HCl) at a pH of 1.8; group 3 (n = 6) received gastric contents containing small food particles at a pH of 5.9; group 4 (n = 6) received gastric contents containing food particles at a pH of 1.8; group 5 (n = 6) received gastric contents at a pH of 5.9 from which food particles had been filtered. Arterial blood gas tension, fractional intrapulmonary shunt, and blood pressure were measured at intervals for 48 h. Animals that received gastric contents at a pH of 5.9 and severe hypoxia and increased intrapulmonary shunting that were significantly greater than those of animals receiving saline and were as severe as those of animals receiving HCl at a pH of 1.8. If food particles were in the aspirate, hypercapnia and acidosis were noted. There was pneumonitis in lung sections taken from animals in groups 2, 3, and 4, but not groups 1 and 5. These findings contradict the common belief that aspiration of gastric contents at a pH greater than 2.5 is benign. PMID- 7352700 TI - Variability of the lateral position test in normal subjects. AB - An evaluation of the variability of the lateral position test (LPT) in normal subjects was undertaken. In 10 healthy, nonsmoking young adults, tests were performed in triplicate for 5 consecutive days. The results indicate that sizable differences in determinations of unilateral pulmonary function by the LPT can exist from day to day and from test to test on any given day in any given person. Variability of repeated measurements by the same observer and of measurements by different observers was minimal. In view of the great variability in repeated LPT results on the same subject, it is necessary to perform several tests in each subject before meaningful interpretation of the data can be made. This limits the usefulness of the LPT in the clinical assessment of unilateral pulmonary function. PMID- 7352701 TI - IgE antibody response of smokers, nonsmokers, and "smoke-sensitive" persons to tobacco leaf and smoke antigens. AB - Serum samples from cigarette smokers, nonsmokers, and persons reporting "smoke sensitivity" were tested for IgE antibodies to tobacco leaf and smoke extracts by the radioallergosorbent test. Results indicated that none of the serum samples tested contained detectable IgE antibodies to smoke extracts. Occasionally, serum specimens from smokers or nonsmokers demonstrated reactivity to leaf antigen. The most significant reaction to leaf antigens was detected in serum from one of the 7 smoke-sensitive subjects tested. These results demonstrate that smoking, nonsmoking, and clinical "smoke sensitivity" are not correlated with the presence of IgE antibodies to tobacco leaf or smoke antigen. PMID- 7352702 TI - Decrease of respiratory muscle strength and static lung volumes in obese asthmatics. AB - Ten obese patients with steroid-dependent bronchial asthma were studied. All were female nonsmokers and all had normal chest roentgenograms. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to their total lung capacity (TLC), i.e., those with decreased TLC (N = 4) and those with normal TLC (n = 6). It was found that patients with low TLC had decreased respiratory muscle strength, as measured by maximal inspiratory esophageal pressure, and that the pressure-volume (P-V) curve of the lung was shifted downward and to the right. There were no differences between the 2 groups in degree of airflow limitation, in per cent increase in body weight, and in duration and dose of steroid therapy. All had normal values of diffusion, corrected for alveolar volume. It is concluded that respiratory muscle strength is an important factor in maintaining normal static lung volumes. The data suggest that the combination of obesity and steroid therapy can cause a decrease in respiratory muscle strength in certain obese patients with bronchial asthma. The change in P-V curve seen in the patients with decreased TLC may be secondary to the decrease in static lung volumes. PMID- 7352704 TI - Retrospectroscope: ALA be praised?? PMID- 7352703 TI - The hypoxic ventilatory response in patients with high-affinity hemoglobin. AB - In an attempt to determine whether PO2 or O2 saturation is stimulus for the hypoxic ventilatory drive, we studied 2 brothers with the high O2 affinity hemoglobin Ranier (P50 approximately equal to 12 mm Hg). The ventilatory response to PO2 was normal. The O2 saturation did decrease slightly, and the ventilatory response to the decrease in O2 saturation was greatly exaggerated. We conclude that these findings are consistent with either of 2 possibilities: (1) that PO2 provides the stimulus to the hypoxic ventilatory response, or (2) that patients with high-affinity hemoglobin have increased sensitivity to arterial O2 desaturation. PMID- 7352705 TI - American Lung Association: commentary on retrospectroscope. PMID- 7352706 TI - Concentration of theophylline on acidemic patients. PMID- 7352709 TI - Serial tuberculin testing. PMID- 7352708 TI - Multipuncture device skin testing. PMID- 7352707 TI - Metabolite in diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis and oxalic acid factor. PMID- 7352710 TI - Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. First edition, January 1, 1980. International Steering Committee. PMID- 7352711 TI - Respiratory disease rates and pulmonary function in children associated with NO2 exposure. AB - As part of a long-range, prospective study of the health effects of air pollution, approximately 8,000 children from 6 yrs to 10 yrs of age from 6 communities had questionnaires completed by their parents and had simple spirometry performed in school. Comparisons were made between children living in homes with gas stoves and those living in homes with electric stoves. Children from households with gas stoves had a greater history of respiratory illness before age 2 (average difference, 32.5/1,000 children) and small but significantly lower levels of FEV1 and FVC corrected for height (average difference, 16 ml and 18 ml, respectively). These findings were not explained by differences in social class or by parental smoking habits. Measurements taken in the homes for 24-h periods showed that NO2 levels were 4 to 7 times higher in homes with gas stoves than in homes with electric stoves. However, these 24-h measurements were generally well below the current federal 24-h outdoor standard of 100 micrograms/m3. Short-term peak exposures, which were in excess of 1,100 micrograms/m3, regularly occurred in kitchens. Further work will be required to determine the importance of these short-term peaks in explaining the effects noted. PMID- 7352712 TI - Treatment of tularemia, including pulmonary tularemia, with gentamicin. AB - An alternative to streptomycin for treatment of possible tularemia would be useful on occasions when a patient develops a perplexing pneumonia that does not respond to initial treatment. In geographic areas where tularemia is endemic, an antimicrobial drug that is bactericidal for Francisella tularensis and is also effective against a spectrum of common pulmonary pathogens, including the Enterobacteriaceae and most strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, would be desirable. The purposes of this report are (1) to describe observations regarding the in vitro susceptibility of Francisella tularensis to streptomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin; (2) to describe in vivo efficacy of these drugs in mouse tularemia; (3) to describe the results in 10 patients with tularemia treated with gentamicin. Gentamicin was bactericidal for Francisella tularensis in vitro, was effective in mouse tularemia when given in large doses, and was effective in humans when given in the standard recommended dose. PMID- 7352713 TI - Density dependence of maximal expiratory flow in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Pulmonary mechanics were studied in 22 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who had no evidence of asthma. Eleven of the 22 patients had a density dependence of maximal expiratory flow within the reported normal range. Patients with normal density dependence (responders) were not different from those with decreased density dependence (nonresponders) in mean age, smoking history, symptoms of cough or dyspnea, maximal expiratory flow at 75, 50, and 25% of the vital capacity during air breathing, total lung capacity, or static elastic lung recoil at 50% of the vital capacity. The nonresponders had smaller vital capacity values, larger ratios of residual volume to total lung capacity, higher resistance, and lower static recoil at total lung capacity. There was a correlation between diffusing capacity for CO and density dependence. There was an inverse relationship between the change in density dependence after inhalation of isoproterenol and initial density dependence. Dysanaptic lung growth and increased compliance of the central airways are potential mechanisms for normal density dependence in these patients. The prevalence of normal density dependence in these patients with established COPD raises serious questions concerning the usefulness of density dependence in the early detection of COPD. The differences in density dependence may indicate differences in pathogenesis of the airflow obstruction and hence may be of prognostic significance. PMID- 7352714 TI - Phagocytosis by human alveolar macrophages and neutrophils: qualitative differences in the opsonic requirements for uptake of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in vitro. AB - The opsonic requirements for uptake of 3H-adenine-labeled Staphylococcus aureus (strains 502A, Wood 46, or 209) or Streptococcus pneumoniae (Type VII) by human alveolar macrophages (AM) or neutrophils (PMN) were evaluated and compared using a quantitative assay of phagocytosis. AM readily engulfed S. aureus organisms preopsonized with 1% albumin, serum, or serum that had been heated (56 degrees C for 30 min) to inactivate complement, whereas uptake of S. aureus by PMN occurred only after preopsonization with unheated, complement replete serum (2.5%). In contrast, uptake of S. pneumoniae organisms by AM or PMN did not occur with only albumin preopsonization, but required high concentrations (more than 40%) of unheated serum. The results indicate that there are qualitative and quantitative differences in the requirements for optimal ingestion of bacteria by human AM or PMN that relate not only to the type of organism but also to the type of phagocyte. Variations in opsonic requirements may be a key factor in the different cellular responses and clearances of inhaled S. aureus or S. pneumoniae organisms by the lungs. PMID- 7352715 TI - Evaluating commercially available spirometers. AB - This study was designed to: (1) determine the performance characteristics of available spirometers; (2) assess the practically and applicability of the American Thoracic Society's (ATS) Snowbird Workshop recommendations on Standardization of Spirometry; and (3) determine whether spirometer testing could be done with room air. Nineteen spirometers were tested with 16 different forced vital capacity waveforms. Fourteen spirometers met the ATS forced vital capacity requirements. Three of these 14 spirometers had difficulties in determining the end of expiration. Fourteen of the devices tested met the requirements for forced expiratory volume in one second. Ten of 13 devices tested for maximal voluntary ventilation were satisfactory. The standards recommended by ATS were believed to be applicable and practical. The testing methods recommended by ATS need to be expanded to include more patient waveforms. Testing with room air is easier and simpler and, for most devices, just as effective as heated and humidified air. We conclude that most available spirometers can faithfully record forced spirograms and that if a spirometer meets the ATS requirements, it makes no difference on which device the spirogram is recorded. PMID- 7352716 TI - Arterial blood gas values in emphysematous hamsters. PMID- 7352717 TI - The effect of oleic acid-induced pulmonary edema on pulmonary and chest wall mechanics in dogs. PMID- 7352718 TI - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a community-oriented program including professional education and screening by a voluntary health agency. AB - A community program for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that included detection by screening, professional education, community involvement, and evaluation of results is described. Key figures in the success of this program were senior medical students. In the first community, in which no professional education was offered, 45.3% of persons screened who had abnormal test results came away from their physicians understanding that they did not have a significant health problem. In subsequent communities, in which professional education was a part of the program, this percentage decreased steadily to approximately 11%. Consistently, 25% of the persons screened who had abnormal results did not consult a physician. Twenty-one % of the participants with abnormal results of screening and no previous knowledge of pulmonary disease stopped smoking in the ensuing 2 to 3 yr, whereas only 11.7% of the control group of persons with normal screening results did so. PMID- 7352719 TI - Thrombosis in patients with the lupus anticoagulant. AB - A retrospective study was carried out to determine the frequency of thrombosis in patients with the lupus anticoagulant. Thirty-five patients fulfilled laboratory criteria for the diagnosis of the lupus anticoagulant. Eight of these patients had evidence of clinically significant thrombosis while their plasma showed a prolonged partial thromboplastin time due to the anticoagulant. Four of the patients wity thrombosis had concurrent autoimmune disease and three other patients were receiving phenothiazine medication. Moderate thrombocytopenia was noted in four patients with thrombosis. None of the patients with the lupus anticoagulant bled abnormally. This study suggests that patients with the lupus anticoagulant may be at increased risk of thrombosis. PMID- 7352720 TI - Anatomic substages of stage III-A Hodgkin's disease. A collaborative study. AB - The clinical significance of anatomic substage was assessed in 130 patients with Hodgkin's disease in pathologic stage III-A: stage III1-A includes involvement of spleen, or splenic, celiac, or portal nodes, or any combination of these; stage III2-A includes involvement of para-aortic, iliac, or mesenteric nodes, with or without upper abdominal involvement. Median follow-up was 58 months. Both 5-year disease-free survival, 74% versus 46%, and 5-year survival, 94% versus 65%, were better (P less than 0.001) in stage III1-A than in stage III2-A. In stage III1-A, 5-year disease-free survival was better in patients receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy than in patients receiving radiotherapy alone as initial treatment, 96% versus 63%, P less than 0.003; however, 5-year survival rates in P = 0.22. For stage III2-A, both 5-year disease-free survival, 76% versus 32%, P less than 0.001, and 5-year survival, 84% versus 56%, P less than 0.03, were superior with radiotherapy-chemotherapy. Consideration of anatomic substage may aid therapeutic planning for stage III Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7352722 TI - Coronary artery status of apparently healthy subjects with frequent and complex ventricular ectopy. AB - Twenty-five subjects from a cohort of 62 asymptomatic, apparently healthy subjects incidentally discovered to have frequent and complex ventricular ectopy were studied with cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography. Fourteen had normal coronary arteries, five noncritical coronary artery disease (less than 50% luminal narrowing), and six significant coronary artery disease (greater than or equal to 50% luminal narrowing). Slightly elevated left ventricular end diastolic pressures were found in all subject subgroups. Characteristics of the ventricular ectopy detected by maximal exercise testing or 24-hour Holter ambulatory electrocardiography did not differentiate those subjects with coronary artery disease from those with normal coronary arteries. This study documents that a minority of apparently healthy subjects with frequent and complex ventricular arrhythmia have significant coronary artery disease and supports a conservative approach to the management of such patients. PMID- 7352721 TI - The spectrum of cardiac defects in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, types I and III. AB - Nineteen patients with types I and III Ehlers-Danlos syndrome were hospitalized at our institution between 1973 and 1978. Chest roentgenogram, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram were done; 11 patients underwent cardiac catheterization. Thirty-five cardiac or great vessel abnormalities were detected. Fifteen patients had nitral valve prolapse; six also had tricuspid valve prolapse. Dilatation of the aortic root or extasia of the sinuses of Valsalva, or both, occurred in six patients. Dilatation of the pulmonary artery and annulus caused pulmonary regurgitation in one patient. Congenital heart defects included bicuspid aortic valve (two), pulmonary valvular stenosis (one), ventricular septal defect (two), and an atrial septal defect (one). The apparent high prevalence of cardiovascular abnormalities in hospitalized patients with types I and III Ehlers-Danlos syndrome necessitates a careful cardiovascular evaluation. Conversely, Ehlers Danlos syndrome types I and III should be excluded in patients with mitral or tricuspid valve prolapse, great vessel dilatation, and congenital heart defects. PMID- 7352723 TI - Fatal pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila, serogroup 3: demonstration of the bacilli in extrathoracic organs. AB - An immunosuppressed patient with malignant lymphoma died of acute pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila. Bacilli of serogroup 3 were detected in areas of pnemonia, in a mediastinal lymph node, and in the liver and spleen by direct immunofluorescence done on tissue obtained at autopsy. That the extrathoracic fluorescent material represented intact bacteria rather than antigenic fragments or antigen-antibody complexes was confirmed by finding intracellular bacilli in the liver by electron microscopy. To our knowledge, this case represents the first example of fatal disease attributed to serogroup 3 L. pneumophila and the first case in which L. pneumophila has been demonstrated in extrathoracic organs. PMID- 7352725 TI - Cimetidine as an immunomodulator: chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis as a model. AB - Four adult patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis were studied to establish a possible role for cimetidine as an immunomodulator. These patients had negative baseline in-vivo and in-vitro cell-mediated immune response to candida antigen as measured by intradermal skin tests, lymphocyte transformation, and leukocyte migration inhibitory factor production to cimetidine, 300 mg by mouth, four times daily. Subsequently four of four patients developed strong (greater than 15 mm) intradermal skin test reactions, and two of four patients produced leukocyte migration inhibitory factor to candida antigen. Skin tests and leukocyte migration inhibitory factor production reverted to baseline negative values when repeated 4 weeks after discontinuation of therapy. After 4 additional weeks on cimetidine, four of four patients showed strong positive skin tests and leukocyte migration inhibitory factor production to candida antigen. Lymphocyte transformation was not affected by therapy. PMID- 7352724 TI - Histoplasma meningitis: diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid serology. AB - Two patients with culture-negative chronic meningitis were diagnosed as having Histoplasma capsulatum meningitis based on serial serologic studies; both had antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid as well as the serum. The patients were treated successfully with amphotericin B and had favorable clinical responses. Three control patients with active histoplasmosis and positive serum serologic tests, but without meningeal involvement, did not have antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid. Patients with chronic meningitis of obscure cause should have serial serum and cerebrospinal fluid antibody studies for H. capsulatum. PMID- 7352726 TI - Transient pure red-cell aplasia: cell-mediated suppression of erythropoiesis associated with hepatitis. AB - Transient pure red-cell aplasia is a rare complication of persistent acute hepatitis. We have investigated possible mechanisms for marrow suppression in one such patient who developed erythroid aplasia in the course of transfusion-related hepatitis. The patient's lymphocytes, obtained during the acute illness, markedly inhibited erythroid colony formation by donor marrow. After the patient recovered, remission lymphocytes in co-culture did not inhibit colony formation. No reversible suppression was demonstrable by addition of patient serum. These observations suggest that hematocytopenias associated with hepatitis may result from cell-mediated suppression induced by hepatic injury. PMID- 7352728 TI - Ibuprofen-related meningitis in mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 7352727 TI - Vasopressin provocation of ventricular dysrhythmia. PMID- 7352729 TI - HLA-B27: to type of not to type? AB - The association between the histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27 and the seronegative spondylarthritides such as ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's syndrome is dramatic. A question that arises in practice is, when should a clinician request HLA-B27 typing in the assessment of a patient with a rheumatologic complaint? Generally, diagnosis of these spondylarthropathies depends on history, clinical and radiologic examination, and, occasionally, confirmatory laboratory tests. This paper reviews the criteria for the diagnosis of the spondylarthritides, discusses the sensitivity and specificity of HLA-B27 typing in these conditions, analyzes the relation between HLA-B27 status and prognosis, and defines the role of genetic counseling. It is concluded th,t knowledge of the patient's HLA-B27 status provides only minimal help to the physician. Indiscriminate typing is to be deprecated. PMID- 7352731 TI - The periodic health examination: 1980. PMID- 7352730 TI - Sjogren's syndrome (Sicca syndrome): current issues. AB - This paper outlines the clinical, serologic, and immunogenetic differences and similarities of Sjogren's syndrome alone (primary) and Sjogren's syndrome associated with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (secondary). The immunoregulation in Sjogren's syndrome is discussed and the incidence of immune complex-like material, its nature, pathophysiology, and clearance by the Fc recptor of the reticuloendothelial system presented. PMID- 7352732 TI - Approach of the Canadian Task Force to the Periodic Health Examination. PMID- 7352733 TI - High blood pressure in the young. PMID- 7352734 TI - Amantadine: does it have a role in the prevention and treatment of influenza? A National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference. PMID- 7352735 TI - Parathyroid hormone effect on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in hypoparathyroidism. PMID- 7352736 TI - Thyroid functions in heat-intolerant persons. PMID- 7352737 TI - A variant form of hypergranular promyelocytic leukemia (M3) PMID- 7352738 TI - Fenoprofen-associated thrombocytopenia. PMID- 7352739 TI - Rifampin: a suicidal dose. PMID- 7352740 TI - Dialysis for psoriasis. PMID- 7352741 TI - Passing a small-bore nasogastric feeding catheter. PMID- 7352743 TI - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. PMID- 7352742 TI - Granulomas in Brucella melitensis infection. PMID- 7352744 TI - Refugees from Indochina. PMID- 7352745 TI - Refugees from Indochina. PMID- 7352746 TI - Coronary-care units and mortality from ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7352747 TI - The PIQuA study. PMID- 7352748 TI - Evaluation of a commercial microdilution system for quantitative susceptibility testing of aminoglycosides against multidrug-resistant, gram-negative bacilli. AB - Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (29 isolates), Klebsiella species (54 isolates), Escherichia coli (28 isolates), Serratia marcescens (28 isolates), and Enterobacter species (29 isolates) to gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin was determined by the following three methods: commercial broth microdilution trays, standard agar dilution, and disk diffusion susceptibility. A total of 504 tests were performed by each method, and overall susceptibility or resistance determined by the broth microdilution method agreed with that determined by the agar dilution method in 92.7% of the tests, whereas results from the disk diffusion method agreed with those from the agar dilution method in 91.9% of the tests. The broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods agreed with each other 88.7% of the time. The broth microdilution system results varied from the agar dilution method results by more than one dilution in 121 of 504 determinations (24%); however, this altered susceptibility determinations in only 7.3% of the assays. E. coli isolates were found to be quantitatively more resistant to the aminoglycosides with the broth microdilution method than with the agar dilution method. In contrast, the broth microdilution method demonstrated P. aeruginosa to be quantitatively more susceptible to the aminoglycosides than when the results were obtained by the agar dilution method. The Micro-Media Systems method is economical, reliable, rapid, and simple to perform and yields quantitative minimum inhibitory concentrations. PMID- 7352749 TI - Evidence of plasmid-mediated production of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes not previously described in Acinetobacter. AB - Two blood culture isolates of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. anitratus (Herellea vaginicola) were recently observed to be unusually resistant to aminoglycosides. Each strain was found to contain aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes which have not been described previously in this species, including 2" adenylyltransferase, 3"-adenylyltransferase, 3'-phosphotransferase-III, and 3 acetyltransferase. Treatment of one strain (H-S) with novobiocin led to a loss of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents and a loss of two aminoglycoside modifying enzymes; agarose gel electrophoresis of lysates of this strain revealed that the loss of resistance markers was associated with the loss of a large molecular-weight plasmid. Treatment of the second strain (H-D) with novobiocin produced derivative strains with three different resistance patterns. Agarose gel electrophoresis of deoxyribonucleic acid from crude lysates and from cesium chloride-ethidium bromide gradients of this strain showed only a small plasmid (molecular weight, 5 X 10(6)) common to all variants and failed to explain the loss of resistance markers. PMID- 7352750 TI - Modified polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid complex: induction of serum interferon, fever, and hypotension in rabbits. AB - The purposes of this study were to determine whether the febrile and hypotensive reactions to the administration of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid [poly (I)-poly (C)] complexed with poly-L-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose (poly ICLC) (9S) encountered in humans could be duplicated in rabbits, and when such duplication was demonstrated, to ascertain whether these untoward reactions could be avoided by (i) administration of hydrocortisone (HC), (ii) alteration of the route of delivery, or (iii) administration of poly ICLC (4S) an interferon inducer of lower molecular weight. Responses to intravenous poly ICLC (9S) in rabbits reproduced adverse reactions in humans, namely fever and hypotension, and were accompanied by high titers of serum interferon. Continuing investigations showed that (i) intravenous pretreatment of rabbits with HC ameliorated hypotensive responses but markedly diminished interferon induction. When HC was given after poly ICLC (9S), both interferon and hypotension induction were likewise depressed. (ii) Intramuscular or subcutaneous poly ICLC (9S) produced neither high titers of serum interferon nor toxic effects. (iii) Poly ICLC (4S) induced high titers of serum interferon and fever, but no hypotension. Poly ICLC (4S) warrants further study. PMID- 7352752 TI - Activity of the cefotaxime (HR756) desacetyl metabolite compared with those of cefotaxime and other cephalosporins. AB - The desacetyl metabolite (DES) of cefotaxime (HR756) is formed in vivo to a significant extent. The in vitro activities of DES, the parent compound, and cefazolin, cefoxitin, and cefuroxime were compared against 70 bacterial isolates. DES was found to possess approximately 1/10th the activity of the parent compound against the common Enterobacteriaceae, but was somewhat more active than the other three compounds tested. DES had no useful activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and was less active than cefotaxime or cefoxitin against Staphylococcus aureus or Bacteroides fragilis. Because DES may accumulate in renal failure or be concentrated in the biliary tract, its antimicrobial activity may have considerable clinical significance. PMID- 7352751 TI - (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-Deoxyuridine in the treatment of experimental herpes simplex keratitis. AB - IDU (5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine), BVDU [(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine] and placebo ointments were studied for their effects on experimental herpes simplex (type 1) keratoconjuncitivitis in rabbits. When treatment was begun 65 h after virus inoculation, both BVDU and IDU prevented development of keratitis. Both BVDU and IDU were also effective in suppressing the severity of conjunctivitis, and in this respect, BVDU proved significantly better than IDU. When treatment was started 110 h after virus inoculation, BVDU proved significantly better than IDU in promoting healing of established keratitis. PMID- 7352753 TI - Inhibition of candidacidal activity of human neutrophil leukocytes by aminoglycoside antibiotics. AB - We have tested the effect of five aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycin, ribostamycin, and amikacin) on the candidacidal activity of human neutrophils in vitro; all of them are inhibitory and can be grouped into three significantly different levels of toxicity. Gentamicin in the most toxic and sisomicin is the least toxic. PMID- 7352754 TI - In vitro studies of 1-oxacephalosporin (LY 127935), a new beta-lactam antibiotic. PMID- 7352755 TI - Hydrolysis of 3-acetoxymethyl cephalosporins by lysed whole blood. AB - Cephalosporins having a 3-acetoxymethyl group are hydrolyzed to the corresponding desacetyl derivative by lysed whole blood but not by plasma or serum. When bioassays for this important class of cephalosporins must be run in whole blood or on tissues containing whole blood, steps should be taken to assure that the influence of the whole blood on the bioassay is properly interpreted. PMID- 7352756 TI - Treatment of acanthosis nigricans with oral isotretinoin. PMID- 7352757 TI - Corymbose secondary syphilis: occurrence as a solitary group of lesions. PMID- 7352758 TI - Angiokeratoma of the vulva. PMID- 7352760 TI - Progressive zosteriform macular pigmented lesions. PMID- 7352759 TI - Dystrophy of the great toenail. PMID- 7352762 TI - The zinc compound test. PMID- 7352761 TI - Chancres in syphilis. PMID- 7352763 TI - Porphyria turcica. Twenty years after hexachlorobenzene intoxication. AB - Porphyria involving more than 4,000 persons occurred in Eastern Turkey from 1956 to 1961 due to ingestion of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a fungicide added to wheat seedlings. During a site visit in 1977, 32 porphyric Turks (mean age, 29 years) were examined. Porphyrin concentrations were determined with samples of urine and stool from 29 porphyric and 10 control Turks and compared with results from 40 subjects in the United States. Distinctive clinical features were found in porphyric subjects, including hyperpigmentation, hirsutism, severe scarring, short stature, pinched facies, small hands, painless arthritis, weakness, and enlarged thyroids. Porphyrin levels were still substantially elevated in five subjects. Hexachlorobenzene, which is fat soluble, was detected in maternal milk of one porphyric patient and in one other patient's fat. The level of HCB was not considered sufficient to account for persistence of porphyria but may be a clue to the cause of pembe yara (pink sore), in which many children who were breast fed by affected mothers died with associated weakness, convulsions, and annular erythema. PMID- 7352764 TI - Sesquiterpene lactone dermatitis. Cross-sensitivity in costus-sensitized patients. AB - Thirteen costus-sensitive patients were patch tested with 38 sesquiterpene lactones of five different classes over a two-year period. Cross-reacting agents fell into two chemical categories: (1) those that resembled the primary sensitizer, and (2) those belonging to different skeletal classes. An exocyclic methylene group conjugated to a gamma-lactone was present in both chemicals that cross-reacted and those that did not. The difference between these two groups is that cross-reacting chemicals are not highly substituted, tending to be lipophilic, while those giving negative responses all are highly substituted at the C-8/C-6 position. This functional group may hinder binding of exocyclic methylene with skin protein or the actual antigenic site with an immune receptor cell. PMID- 7352765 TI - Sebaceous neoplasms associated with visceral carcinomas. AB - Two patients with sebaceous neoplasms and visceral carcinomas (Torre's syndrome) exemplified features noted but not emphasized by authors of the 11 previously reported cases: family history of carcinoma, internal carcinomas of low-grade malignancy, and concomitant colonic polyposis and keratoacanthomas. Five other cases previously reported appear to represent this syndrome. The cutaneous neoplasms may be important markers for visceral carcinomas in such patients and in family members. PMID- 7352766 TI - Pemphigus vegetans: its relationship to eosinophilic spongiosis and favorable response to dapsone. AB - Two cases of pemphigus vegetans are presented. One, an example of the Hallopeau type of the disease, was found to have early lesions that simulated eosinophilic spongiosis clinically and histologically. The other had lesions that were largely confined to the oral mucosa and was also considered to be the Hallopeau type of the disease in a limited form. The cases of these two patients were compared with a typical case of eosinophilic spongiosis. All were controlled with dapsone therapy. PMID- 7352767 TI - Contact urticaria from cinnamic aldehyde. AB - Lip swelling developed following the use of a cinnamic aldehyde-containing mouthwash in a woman with allergic rhinitis and asthma. Open application of the mouthwash on the antecubital fossae of the patient and control subjects produced immediate erythematous or urticarial responses in all tested individuals. Subsequent investigation established cinnamic aldehyde as the responsible ingredient. The incidence of positive reactions was shown to depend on site of application, vehicle, concentration, and time of reading. Of several related cinnamates, only cinnamic acid produced easily detectable responses at similar concentrations. PMID- 7352770 TI - Pathologic quiz case 1. PMID- 7352769 TI - Amelanotic lentigo maligna. AB - A 68-year-old woman had a pigmented lentigo maligna lesion excised from her left arm. During a seven-year follow-up period, the excision site gradually evolved into a hypopigmented macule with irregular areas of mild erythema. The clinical impression was neurodermatitis, but a biopsy specimen revealed lentigo maligna without melanin pigmentation. To our knowledge, this is the first case of amelanotic lentigo maligna reported in the English literature in which the clinical presentation was dermatitis-like. Our experience suggests that biopsy should be done on all clinically changing sites of treated lentigo maligna, whether the changes are pigmented or not. PMID- 7352768 TI - Infestation by Tunga penetrans. AB - Infestation by the flea Tunga penetrans, although quite prevalent in Central America, South America, and Africa, is rarely recognized or reported in North America. This report describes a case of tungiasis occurring in a New York resident who acquired the disease in Africa. The patient manifested characteristic lesions of white papules with central black pits on the dorsa of her toes. Treatment consisted of removal of the offending parasites. PMID- 7352771 TI - Pathologic quiz case 2. PMID- 7352772 TI - Evolution of the surgical management of primary aldosteronism. AB - During the past two decades 50 patients were operated on for primary aldosteronism. Diagnosis was based on high aldosterone excretion or secretion during a high sodium intake and, more recently, low stimulated plasma renin activity. Computed tomography and adrenal venography with selective adrenal vein catheterization for determination of aldosterone/cortisol ratios were helpful in the distinction between adenoma and bilateral hyperplasia. As a result of preoperative localization, unilateral posterior or flank approach to the adrenal has replaced transabdominal as the approach of choice. Overall in-hospital mortality in this series was 10% and occurred exclusively with a transabdominal approach in the early part of the series. Adrenalectomy has been curative in 66% of patients with adenoma and in 38% of patients with hyperplasia which includes patients with adenomatous (dominant macroscopic adenoma, 1 cm or greater) hyperplasia when the cure rate was 75%. Currently, only patients who have unilateral adrenal hyperfunction, who respond to spironolactone with a fall in blood pressure, and who are a good operative risk are considered for operation by posterior or flank approach. These guidelines for the management of primary aldosteronism, used since 1974, have been associated with an excellent response (92%), zero mortality and reduced morbidity. PMID- 7352774 TI - Gallbladder carcinoma first diagnosed at microscopic examination of gallbladders removed for presumed benign disease. AB - The patients who survive gallbladder carcinomas more than five years are usually those in whom the carcinoma was first diagnosed at microscopic examination of gallbladders removed for presumed benign disease. A group of 32 such patients (from a series of 120 cases) was studied. The prognosis was very bad (longest survival 2.5 years) in 21 of the patients where the cancer involved all the layers of the gallbladder wall. The prognosis was far better in the 11 patients in which the cancer was confined to the mucosa or submucosa. Sixty-four per cent of the patients were alive after 5 years and 44% after 10 years. Five of the 11 patients died because of recurrence. Simple cholecystectomy had been performed in all the patients except one who underwent a right hepatic lobectomy. Radical cholecystectomy including a wedge resection of liver tissue and dissection of the regional lymph nodes is recommended in all patients with inapparent gallbladder carcinomas. PMID- 7352773 TI - Primary carcinoma of the duodenum. AB - Sixty-six patients with primary adenocarcinomas of the duodenum recorded by the Swedish Cancer Register during 1958-1973 are reviewed. The mean age was 66 years, and female:male ratio 1.2:1.0. The predominant symptom was duodenal obstruction. Correct diagnosis was made in 68% by conventional barium meal examination. Hypoton duodenography and duodenoscopy are necessary diagnostic aids. In 25% of the patients the diagnosis was first made at postmortem examination. Thirty-two patients had metastases at first diagnosis. Forty-three per cent were radically operated and 43% palliatively. The operative mortality after curative operations was 25% with no difference correlated to operative methods with the exception of pure polyp extirpation where no patient died. The overall one-year survival was 67% and five-year 18%. There was a tendency for longer survival time for patients with more distally situated carcinomas. Duodenopancreatectomy gave a longer survival time than duodenal resection. PMID- 7352775 TI - Role of gastrin in vagally-stimulated pancreatic secretion. AB - In an attempt to clarify the contribution of antral gastrin to the vaginal stimulation of pancreatic secretion, we have measured the effect of total excision of the antral mucosa on pancreatic secretion induced by electrical vagal stimulation in eight anesthetized dogs. Stimulation was done before excision of the mucosa, and after excision, with and without a gastrin background. Mucosal excision reduced pancreatic volume response to 25% and pancreatic protein response to 32% of the respective responses obtained before excision; gastrin release in response to vagal stimulation was completely abolished. With a gastrin background (0.5 microgram/kg-hr of synthetic human gastrin-17-I), which resulted in serum gastrin concentrations higher than those obtained by vagal stimulation before excision of antral mucosa, the pancreatic volume and protein response showed only partial restoration. These studies provide evidence that vagal pancreatic secretion is only partially gastrin-dependent, and that other antral factors, probably vagally modulated intramural cholinergic pathways, are involved. PMID- 7352777 TI - Determination of intestinal viability by Doppler ultrasonography in venous infarction. AB - The accuracy of Doppler ultrasound in predicting the viability of ischemic intestine secondary to venous obstruction was assessed. Twenty loops of ischemic intestine were created in dogs by temporarily obstructing venous return from the bowel. Doppler arterial flow signals within the intestine quickly disappeared following venous occlusion. In ten segments, arterial signals promptly returned following release of venous occlusion. Nine of these ten segments were viable at reoperation 24 hours later. In ten segments, no arterial signals could be detected following release of venous occlusion, and only one segment proved to be viable. Doppler ultrasound findings were far more accurate in distinguishing between viable and nonviable intestine thatn were clinical guides to intestinal viability. PMID- 7352776 TI - Surgical treatment of chronic occlusive disease of the enteric visceral branches of the abdominal aorta. Experience with 119 operations. AB - Whenever abdominal circulatory disorders are caused by obstruction of the abdominal aortic visceral branches, adequate blood flow may be restored only by surgical intervention. With the development of symptoms suggesting inadequate collateral circulation and disturbance of splanchnic blood supply, operation is indicated. The choice of operation depends on the nature and the cause of the disease and the type of occlusion. With intravascular obstruction, correction of blood flow may be achieved by a reconstructive procedure. In many patients with extravascular compression of the celiac artery, adequate flow is restored by simple external decompression. The present communication is based on experience with 119 operations, 102 reconstructive and 17 decompressive. Of the 102 reconstructive procedures, 94 were complex with one-stage revascularization of several arteries. Transaortic endarterectomy as described in our method of choice although with widespread lesions resection and replacement is preferred. A thoracolumbar approach is the most expedient incision for reconstruction. The results obtained provide evidence for the effectiveness of surgical treatment of chronic occlusive disease of the visceral branches of the abdominal aorta. PMID- 7352778 TI - Infrapopliteal arterial reconstruction in the severely ischemic lower extremity. A comparison of long-term results of peroneal and tibial bypasses. AB - The feasibility of limb salvage with bypasses to the infrapopliteal arterial tree has been established. In this review, our experience with bypasses to the peroneal artery is compared with that to the tibial arteries. Autogenous saphenous veins were employed in 164 limb salvage arterial revascularizations because of gangrene, ischemic ulceration, or rest pain. These were retrospectively analyzed by the life-table method. Femorotibial (137) or femoroperoneal (27) bypasses were performed on the basis of adequate preoperative arteriograms demonstrating the distal arterial tree, but with no popliteal runoff. Overall operative mortality was 6.1%. Initial limb salvage was 71.2 +/- 3.9% following femorotibial bypass and 51.9 +/- 9.6% after femoroperoneal bypass. Five and seven year cumulative limb salvage rates for femorotibial bypass were 48.5 +/5.2% and 43.4 +/- 6.7%; those for femoroperoneal were equivalent at 38.2 +/- 9.9%. Since long-term limb salvage can be realized in a large number of patients by revascularization of the distal arterial tree, primary amputation is seldom indicated. Operative approach to the ischemic limb must be based on a thorough preoperative arteriogram which demonstrates contrast within vessels down to the distal foot. This is almost always seen and arterial reconstruction is usually feasible. Therefore, limb salvage should be attempted in lieu of primary amputation whether tibial or peroneal arteries are visualized on preoperative arteriogram. PMID- 7352780 TI - Early postoperative small bowel obstruction. AB - The hospital records of 41 patients with a diagnosis of early postoperative small bowel obstruction were reviewed in an attempt to identify criteria which could be used to separate those patients who would require an operation to resolve their obstruction, from those who would resolve with nonoperative therapy. The usual symptoms, signs and roentgenologic changes seen with mechanical bowel obstruction were not useful discriminants in making such a determination. All patients were initially treated nonoperatively with intestinal intubation, antibiotics and parenteral fluids. Thirty patients resolved without an operation and 11 required an operation. There was one death in the latter group, an overall mortality of 2.4%. Initial nonoperative therapy is warranted in such patients. PMID- 7352779 TI - Gastroesophageal scintigraphy to assess the severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease. AB - Thirty-six (36) patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux were studied. Symptoms of heartburn, regurgitation and dysphagia were scored as to their severity and compared to quantitative tests of gastroesophageal reflux. Patients were studied with the acid reflux test, fiberoptic endoscopy, esophageal mucosal biopsy with a pinch forceps, esophageal manometry and radioisotopic gastroesophageal scintigraphy. Symptoms were scored according to an arbitrary grading system as mild, moderate, or severe. There were significant correlations between symptoms scores and both the degree of endoscopic esophagitis and the gastroesophageal reflux indices as measured by the radioisotopic scintiscan, but not with the degree of histologic esophagitis or lower esophageal sphincter pressure. Review of the findings suggests the following profile for patients who might require antireflux surgery: severe symptoms, presence of endoscopic esophagitis; resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure below 10 mmHg; and gastroesophageal reflux index above 10%. PMID- 7352781 TI - Toxic megacolon complicating Crohn's colitis. AB - Toxic megacolon complicating ulcerative colitis has been a well-recognized entity since its original description in 1950. The presence of toxic megacolon frequently has precluded a diagnosis of Crohn's colitis. Recent literature, however, has demonstrated that the incidence of toxic megacolon associated with Crohn's colitis (4.4-6.3%) may be higher than that in ulcerative colitis (1 2.5%). Differentiation between these two catastrophic forms of colitis is important in respect to prognosis and long-term results. Medical management of toxic megacolon may be initially successful in either type of colitis. Surgical intervention is indicated if the patient's condition does not improve within 48 72 hours. A subtotal colectomy with an ileostomy and mucous fistula is probably the treatment of choice for most of these extremely ill patients. The influence of the type of colitis on the results of subsequent management of the rectal stump remains unresolved. PMID- 7352782 TI - Bladder function after abdominoperineal resection of the rectum for anorectal cancer. Urodynamic investigation before and after operative in a consecutive series. AB - In a consecutive series of 26 patients (10 men and 16 women) undergoing abdominoperineal resection of the rectum, cystometry and pressure-flow-EMG measurements were made preoperatively and three and 6-12 months after operation. Two patients developed neurogenic bladder paresis (7.7%, 95% c.l. 1-25%). Men with even slight complaints of bladder outlet obstruction preoperatively ran a risk of postoperative aggravation demanding surgery. In women no significant changes in micturition patterns were found. It is concluded that urinary flow measurement and cystometry should be available as minimum screening procedures after abdominoperineal resection of the rectum to detect bladder dysfunction at an early stage. PMID- 7352785 TI - Pulmonary hypertension and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A combination of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and fatal pulmonary hypertension occurred in a patient who, to our knowledge, had the highest pulmonary artery pressure (120/65 mm Hg) reported without any clinical or autopsy findings of pulmonary interstitial disease or vasculitis. The gradual development of pulmonary hypertension over years is a rare complication in patients with SLE. PMID- 7352786 TI - Endocarditis from human-to-human transmission of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Endocarditis due to Staphlyococcus aureus developed in two drug abusers who used the same paraphernalia for parenteral injections. The phage type of the organism isolated from the blood and nasal secretions of the first patient was identical to that of the organism isolated from the blood of the second patient. The epidemiologic and microbiologic data from our cases indicate human-to-human transmission of the responsible agent. PMID- 7352783 TI - Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of early melanoma. The importance of depth of microinvasion. AB - There are many clinicopathologic features of the lesion and host which influence the natural course of melanoma. Currently, the most important prognostic factor appears to be the depth of invasion of the primary lesion. Using either the Clark's level of microinvasion or the tumor thickness as measured by Breslow, there is good correlation of decreasing survival rates, and increasing incidence of occult metastasis in regional nodes with deeper invasion of the tumor. Thus, proper diagnosis and treatment of primary melanoma depends on the information of depth of microinvasion. And patients with high-risk of developing occult metastasis in regional nodes can be identified. Although two recent studies question the value of performing prophylactic regional lymphadenectomy, none of these studies utilized depth of microinvasion to select patients who have a high chance of having extension or relapse only in regional nodes. PMID- 7352784 TI - Clinical aspects of unknown primary melanoma. AB - Of 980 patients with malignant melanoma treated during the past seven years, 55 (5.6%) were found to have metastatic disease and no detectable primary tumor. Thirty-six of these patients with "unknown primary melanoma" had disease limited to lymph nodes (Stage II), whereas 19 had disseminated melanoma (Stage III). The sex and age distribution of these 55 patients were similar to those of a control group of 86 patients with palpable lymph node metastases from a known primary. The site of lymph node metastases for Stage II patients in each group was similar although unknown primary patients seemed to have slightly more involved lymph nodes. By studying patients with the same stage and similar extent of disease, the prognosis of unknown primary melanoma could be determined and compared to known primary melanoma. The overall recurrence rate of patients with unknown primary was no higher than that of patients with known primary. This observation appeared to be true even when patients were compared with respect to adjuvant immunotherapy. The use of adjuvant immunotherapy appeared to favorably affect recurrence rates among the unknown primary patients. Since the recurrence rate for patients with unknown primary melanoma was no higher than that of patients with known primary melanoma, we advocate aggressive surgical management. The occasional long-term survivor with Stage III unknown primary suggests that judicious surgical intervention may benefit these patients as well. PMID- 7352787 TI - Atrial flutter associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. A case report. AB - An obese 57-year-old man with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome had partial tracheostomy occlusion and palpitations. Continuous ECG monitoring demonstrated atrial flutter, occasional premature ventricular beats, and a high degree of atrioventricular block during apneic episodes. A 7-s period of ventricular asystole was demonstrated during one such episode. Revision of the tracheostomy produced an improvement in the patient's condition. PMID- 7352788 TI - Plasmapheresis in hereditary angioneurotic edema and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A patient had hereditary angioneurotic edema coincident with systemic lupus erythematosus. This condition resulted in loss of hair, arthralgia, leukoplakia, collitis, and a nephrotic syndrome due to proliferative glomerulonephritis. The renal lesion was resistant to treatment with high-dose prednisolone and cyclophosphamide; however, sustained remission occurred after plasmapheresis. The patient has remained well for over two years since this procedure. PMID- 7352789 TI - Severe hypophosphatemia as a complication of the treatment of hypothermia. AB - Severe hypophosphatemia (less than 1.0 mg/dL) has been described in only a few well-defined clinical situations. Reported here is the first case, to my knowledge, of severe hypophosphatemia occurring during the rewarming of a profoundly hypothermic patient. Urinary excretion of phosphorus was minimal, implying a shift of phosphorus into the intracellular space. PMID- 7352790 TI - Intravenous administration sets. PMID- 7352791 TI - Recovery without a diuresis after protracted acute tubular necrosis. PMID- 7352792 TI - Hematuria of tubular origin. PMID- 7352793 TI - Arterial thrombosis with combined clonidine hydrochloride and propranolol hydrochloride therapy. PMID- 7352794 TI - Red cell indices. PMID- 7352795 TI - Intermediate coronary care. PMID- 7352796 TI - The internist as consultant. PMID- 7352797 TI - Anemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7352798 TI - Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. PMID- 7352799 TI - Chronic vasoconstriction may have role in migraine headaches. PMID- 7352801 TI - Central alveolar hypoventilation syndromes. PMID- 7352800 TI - Through a glass darkly. Nosocomial pseudoepidemics and pseudobacteremias. PMID- 7352802 TI - Steel needles used for intravenous therapy. Morbidity in patients with hematologic malignancy. AB - We studied the morbidity associated with steel needles used for intravenous therapy in adults with hematologic malignancy. Of 148 needles, 52 (36.1%) produced local inflammation, increasing with placements exceeding 24 hours, use of dextrose-containing infusate or intravenous antibiotics, granulocytopenia, and local infection. Eight needles (5.4%) caused local infection and three (2.1%) caused septicemia. Of nine bacteremias occurring in the 43 study patients, none of the five caused by Gram-negative bacilli, but three of the four caused by staphylococci, originated from steel needles. Five of eight local infections and all septicemias occurred with placements exceeding 72 hours (P = .016); each patient with septicemia was granulocytopenic. Intravenous steel needles are a major source of morbidity in patients with granulocytopenia or who are otherwise immunologically compromised. The insertion site should be routinely rotated at least every three days. Nosocomial staphlococcal bacteremia in granulocytopenic patients is likely to be due to an intravenous needle or similar device used for vascular access. PMID- 7352804 TI - Sexual concerns and needs of the postcoronary patient's wife. AB - The sexual concerns and needs of 100 women whose husbands had suffered a myocardial infarction were studied. Thirty-one had considered the impact of myocardial infarction on their sexual life before discharge of their spouse from the hospital and all of them had thereafter. Only 45 of the wives received any sexual information before the spouse's discharge. Seventy-six couples resumed sexual activity after myocardial infarction; 24 (including 14 who tried and failed) did not. Concerns about inadequate sexual instructions, risk of sexual activity, sexual difficulties of the husband, change in sexual patterns, patient's symptoms during intercourse, and emotional relationship of the couples were demonstrated. Fear was not alleviated by information received, but was not important in preventing return to sexual activity; however, fear may have affected the frequency and quality of sexual activity. The need for more comprehensive counseling by physicians and nurses and for the wives to explore their sexual concerns became evident. PMID- 7352803 TI - Splenomegaly in sarcoidosis. AB - The clinical records of 32 patients with sarcoidosis associated with splenomegaly were reviewed. The results of this study disclosed that when compared with a matched control population without splenomegaly, patients with splenomegaly had evidence of more extensive extrathoracic sarcoidosis. In contrast, there was no difference in the degree of pulmonary involvement between patients with or without splenomegaly. Of the 32 patients with splenomegaly, seven (20%) had evidence of hypersplenism and five (16%) had abdominal symptoms. These abnormalities occurred only in patients with greatly enlarged spleens. Considering splenomegaly, we suggest that corticosteroids are indicated in the management of only large spleens and not of smaller spleens, unless there are other specific indications. PMID- 7352805 TI - Mycobacteriosis in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Active mycobacterial disease developed in nine of 885 patients undergoing long term maintenance dialysis during an 8 1/2-year period. An additional eight patients, who had chronic renal failure but did not require long-term dialysis, contracted active mycobacterial infection during the same interval. Fifty-six percent of the dialyzed group had predominantly extrapulmonary disease and 33% were infected with mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculin sensitivity was present infrequently and examination of sputum and other fluids for acid-fast bacilli was usually unrewarding. The presence of mycobacteria was demonstrated most reliably by tissue biopsy and culture. Failure to diagnose mycobacteriosis resulted in the death of three patients, while the remaining patients responded satisfactorily to drug therapy. PMID- 7352806 TI - Pseudobacteremia caused by Clostridium sordellii. AB - Thirteen of 280 (4.6%) blood cultures collected over a 12-day period were positive for Clostridium sordellii, a spore-forming anaerobe, rarely considered a human pathogen. Nosocomial bacteremia and intrinsic contamination of material used to culture blood were excluded as the source of the organism. Contaminated tincture of thimerosal used to swab the rubber stoppers of blood culture bottles prior to venting (aerobic) or during blind subculturing after 24 hours of incubation (anaerobic) in the clinical microbiology laboratory was determined to be the cause of the pseudobacteremia. After appropriate safe-guards were implemented, we have continued to use tincture of thimerosal for these procedures with no further growth of C sordellii from blood cultures. The importance of less conspicuous steps in the routine processing of culture material have been reemphasized. PMID- 7352807 TI - Nail growth. Thirty-five years of observation. AB - A 35-year observation of the growth of my nails indicates the slowing of growth with increasing age. The average daily growth of the left thumbnail, for instance, has varied from 0.123 mm a day during the first part of the study when 1 was 32 years of age to 0.095 mm a day at the age of 67. PMID- 7352808 TI - Spontaneous remission of protein-losing gastropathy associated with Menetrier's disease. A plea for conservative management. AB - Spontaneous remission of the protein-losing gastropathy of Menetrier's disease occurred after four months of disease activity. Because the natural history and cause of Menetrier's disease is unclear, we suggest a more conservative approach to the management of this condition, despite recent publications to the contrary. PMID- 7352809 TI - Alcohol, arsenic, and (rapidly) old kidneys. PMID- 7352810 TI - Why medical audits are in disfavor. PMID- 7352811 TI - Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. PMID- 7352812 TI - Primary vs secondary hyperparathyroidism. Time for reappraisal. PMID- 7352813 TI - The Oklahoma complex. A common form of conversion hysteria. AB - Hysteria is not a homogeneous illness. Some patients with symptoms of apparent neurological dysfunction develop a disability because they cannot cope with life's demands. This article calls attention to several hysterical patients who share similar histories. Treatment by a nonpsychiatric physician in these three cases consisted of simple emotional support and easing of responsibilities, ie, saying no for the patient. Recognition of the psychological state of some patients with hysterical symptoms, and administration of treatment that eases environmental stresses, can be effective. PMID- 7352814 TI - The clinical value of the upper gastrointestinal tract roentgenogram series. AB - We studied the role of the upper gastrointestinal tract roentgenogram series (UGI) in the care of 483 ambulatory patients with varied abdominal complaints. The test was significantly abnormal about 20% of the time, rarely led to changes in therapy, and was ordered inappropriately 30% of the time (according to criteria devised by experts). Regardless of their test results, most patients' symptoms improved in the several months after the test. We created a simple rule, based on the patient's history, that would have led to a decrease in the number of inappropriately ordered tests without significantly compromising care. This decision rule may help to improve the utilization of the UGI by identifying patients who are unlikely to benefit from the test. PMID- 7352815 TI - Hyperparathyroidism following head and neck irradiation. AB - A history of head and neck irradiation in childhood or adolescence was found in 22 of 130 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism compared with only 12 of 400 control patients, a significant difference (P less than .025). Among 200 patients with a known history of childhood irradiation, biochemical or surgical evidence of hyperparathyroidism was found in ten, a prevalence of 5%. This is at least 30 times the prevalence of hyperparathyroidism in the general population (P less than .025). The data indicate that head and neck irradiation should be regarded as an important risk factor in the subsequent development of hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7352816 TI - Moonshine-related arsenic poisoning. AB - Twelve sequential cases of arsenic poisoning were reviewed for possible sources of ingestion. Contaminated illicit whiskey (moonshine) appeared to be the source in approximately 50% of the patients. An analysis of.confiscated moonshine revealed that occasional specimens contained high levels of arsenic as a contaminant. Although arsenic poisoning occurs relatively infrequently, contaminated moonshine may be an important cause of the poisoning in some areas of the country. PMID- 7352817 TI - Lower respiratory tract involvement in Rocky Mountain spotted fever. AB - A retrospective study of 35 patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever was undertaken to determine the frequency of respiratory symptoms, as well as to analyze the types of pulmonary problems encountered to hospital patients. Cough, present in only 33% of patients, led to an incorrect initial diagnosis and delay in therapy in eight individuals. Lower respiratory tract involvement (rales, abnormal chest roentgenograms, and abnormal gas exchange) was present in 42% of patients at some point during the illness. The conditions of nine patients deteriorated during the first week of hospitalization. Pulmonary edema (probably noncardiogenic) was the usual explanation for worsening gas exchange. Bacterial pneumonia and hemorrhage were detected in only two patients. PMID- 7352818 TI - Antiglomerular basement membrane nephritis after solvent exposure. AB - A rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with definitive anuria was observed after solvent inhalation in two young women, aged 22 and 17 years. In both cases the renal biopsy specimen showed diffuse epithelial crescents in all glomeruli, with linear deposits of IgG along the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). High circulating anti-GBM antibody levels were found in sera by indirect immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay. No anti-alveolar basement membrane antibodies were detectable by immunofluorescent microscopy in one patient. It is suggested that the solvent inhalation resulted in a chemical alteration of the alveolar basement membrane giving rise to anti-basement membrane antibodies, some of which may have cross-reacted with the GBM and initiated the glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7352819 TI - The genetics of fibromuscular dysplasia. AB - Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an arterial occlusive disorder of young people that reportedly has affected more than one sibling in several families. A formal pedigree analysis was conducted in 20 families in which at least one member had documented FMD. Clinical symptoms compatible with the disorder were sought in all available family members. In eight families (40%), only the index patient seemed to be affected. The other 12 families contained between one and 11 other relatives who appeared to have FMD. Vertical transmission of the disease was demonstrated repeatedly. There was no consanguinity, and both sexes were equally afflicted. The inheritance pattern for FMD in this investigation was most consistent with an autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance. PMID- 7352820 TI - Echocardiographic systolic time intervals. Left ventricular performance in coronary artery disease. AB - The ratio of the preejection period to the left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET), obtained from the aortic root echocardiogram, was studied immediately before and after left ventricular (LV) cineangiography in 23 patients with documented coronary artery disease. The initial PEP/LVET ratio was inversely related to LV ejection fraction (r = -.78, P less than or equal to .001). Repeat measurements taken 60 s after angiography showed a significant decrease from a mean value of .36 +/- .13 to .27 +/- .08 (P less than or equal to .005). Furthermore, when patients were divided into those with an initial PEP/LVET value above and below 0.40, those with a higher value showed a significantly greater decrease following contrast left ventriculography (mean decrease, 0.16 vs 0.06, P less than or equal to .01). This study indicates that systolic time intervals derived from echocardiography are a reliable noninvasive measure of LV function, and that ventricular function improves following left ventriculography, with the degree of improvement being inversely related to initial function. PMID- 7352822 TI - Survival following spontaneous ventricular flutter-fibrillation associated with QT syndrome. Documentation during ambulatory monitoring. AB - A 56-year-old woman complaining of recurrent syncope was admitted to the coronary care unit after a fainting episode. Three days of continuous monitoring indicated prolongation of the QT interval and occasional premature ventricular beats. After transfer to another hospital wing, the patient was given ambulatory status. On the fifth day, while wearing a Holter monitor recorder, the patient lost consciousness. Review of the ambulatory ECG demonstrated multiple premature ventricular beats and an episode of paroxysmal ventricular flutter-fibrillation. The ventricular arrhythmias were correlated with telephone calls. It is concluded that (1) prolonged monitoring be performed in such subjects, and (2) the absence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias on repeated ECG recording should not preclude pharmacologic intervention in patients with the prolonged QT interval syndrome, ventricular ectopy, and a history of recurrent syncope. PMID- 7352821 TI - Colonic motility in the irritable bowel syndrome. PMID- 7352823 TI - Minidose heparin therapy. Treatment of chronic intravascular coagulation syndrome. AB - An elderly patient had multiple life-threatening episodes of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). There was no apparent cause other than an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Her condition was maintained with minidoses of subcutaneously administered heparin sodium in the acute stages and as an outpatient for seven months, which proved to be an effective therapy. We suggest that minidoses of heparin can be used in the treatment of DIC and that this is a safe, easily administered mode of therapy, especially in the outpatient setting. PMID- 7352824 TI - Quinidine-induced thrombocytopenia with pulmonary hemorrhage. AB - Examination of an elderly man with quinidine sulfate-induced thrombocytopenia complicated by pulmonary hemorrhage failed to identify any underlying pulmonary disease contributing to the bleeding All bleeding ceased, and pulmonary infiltrates disappeared after the platelet count returned to normal. Special studies indicated a high titer quinidine-dependent IgG antibody level in the patient's serum and a strongly positive quinidine patch test result on his forearm. The pathogenesis of pulmonary hemorrhage is considered in view of these studies. PMID- 7352825 TI - Myocardial function. PMID- 7352826 TI - Kawasaki disease in a young adult. PMID- 7352827 TI - Temporal arteritis with normal ESR. PMID- 7352829 TI - Transient hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. PMID- 7352830 TI - Hemochromatosis and Listeria infection. PMID- 7352831 TI - Thyrotoxicosis due to metastatic involvement of the thyroid. PMID- 7352828 TI - Metastatic thyroid carcinoma in myxedema. PMID- 7352832 TI - Fibrinogen I 125 leg scanning. PMID- 7352833 TI - Fibrinogen I 125 leg scanning. PMID- 7352834 TI - The Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) Program. Toxicologic verification of 1,008 emergency room 'mentions'. AB - One thousand eight emergency room patient records from which reports were contributed to the federal Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) system from the Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center in 1977 were studied. The drugs reported to DAWN for these patients were compared with the available toxicology laboratory reports for some of these same patients. The purpose was to test the validity of the data reported to DAWN. Toxologic analyses had been performed on only 528 patients (52%) of the entire sample. Eighty percent of these tested had some positive toxicology result. The DAWN reports were verified in 20% of the tested sample, found to be incorrect in 11%, and partially correct or partially incorrect in 69%. Drugs identified toxicologically had varied concentrations, some below or within therapeutic range and some at toxic levels. This study suggests that the reliability of DAWN REPORTS SHOULD BE TESTed prospectively in an unbiased definitive material study. PMID- 7352835 TI - Female physicians and primary affective disorder. PMID- 7352836 TI - Prevention of relapse in schizophrenia. An evaluation of fluphenazine decanoate. AB - We tested the role of guaranteed delivery of medication in the prevention of relapse and the enhancement of adjustment in the community in patients with schizophrenia. Two hundred and ninety newly hospitalized patients at four hospitals were randomly assigned to groups receiving either long-acting injectable fluphenazine decanoate or short-acting oral fluphenazine hydrochloride. After discharge and stabilization, patients were treated in the community for up to one year. By the end of the year, 28% of all the patients had relapsed. Contrary to hypothesis, differences between the two treatment groups in relapse percentages were not significant. Furthermore, there were no differences between the treatment groups as to development of affective symptomatology or social adjustment. Patients who rated themselves as having more symptom distress at the start of the community-maintenance phase of the study relapsed much earlier while receiving fluphenazine decanoate rather than fluphenazine hydrochloride. The results suggest that compliance is not an important determinant of relapse among newly discharged schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7352837 TI - The families of borderlines. A comparative study. AB - The families of 12 carefully diagnosed patients with borderline personality disorder are compared with the families of both paranoid schizophrenic patients and patients with neurotic personality disorders. The families of the borderline patients were distinguished by the rigid tightness of the marital bond to the exclusion of the attention, support, or protection of the children. This pattern of neglect conforms to one theme in the clinical literature, and its implications for understanding and treating borderline patients are discussed. Limitations in the research methodology make the conclusions from this study tentative, but the results suggest new areas in need of research attention. PMID- 7352838 TI - Diagnosing borderline patients with a semistructured interview. AB - As a part of an ongoing effort to provide operational criteria for a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder, the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB) has been developed. The DIB is an hour-long, semistructured interview that evaluates five areas of borderline pathologic features--social adaptation, impulse/action patterns. affects, psychotic symptoms, and interpersonal relations. The DIBs were administered to 70 hospitalized patients and compared with clinical diagnoses made at the time of discharge. The DIB discriminates borderline patients from others, especially from schizophrenic and neurotic depressives. It reflects clinical diagnosis, yielding higher scores for patients on whom there is more agreement on the diagnosis of borderline. The instrument can be used flexibly to identify populations of borderline patients for research purposes. PMID- 7352839 TI - Motion sickness susceptibility patterns of psychotic illness. AB - Motion sickness susceptibility can be used as a neurophysiologic index to establish a polar spectrum of personality difference. Previous observations on a psychiatric patient population have shown that persons in transition between these extremes enter the hospital at a younger age, have a longer stay, and are more likely to receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The relationship of this midspectrum, early-onset disorder to other psychotic illnesses has been unclear. Examination of a large sample shows that a midspectrum psychiatric illness, which is most common in young men and is usually diagnosed as schizophrenia, is balanced at the extremes of susceptibility by an older-onset illness, which is most common in women and is often diagnosed as affective in nature. A gradual transition appears to exist between the two types of illness. PMID- 7352841 TI - A family study of anxiety neurosis. Morbidity risk in families of patients with and without mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 7352840 TI - Treatment of endogenous anxiety with phobic, hysterical, and hypochondriacal symptoms. AB - Endogenous anxiety (anxiety hysteria, agoraphobia with panic attacks) is characterized by sudden, spontaneous panic attacks accompanied by multiple autonomic symptoms, overwhelming fear, a flight response, and polyphobic behavior. Psychotherapy, behavior therapy, and tranquillizers have been of limited success in treating this syndrome. Fifty-seven patients severely disabled by the syndrome for a mean period of 13 years completed the three-month study. Randomly assigned in a double-blind, placebo-controlled design to imipramine hydrochloride, pheneizine sulfate, or placebo, they were seen in supportive group therapy every two weeks. Patients in the pheneizine and imipramine cells showed significant improvement ovehe persistent trend for pheneizine to be superior to imipramine achieved significance only on the Work and Social Disability Scale and the Sympton Severity and Phobic Avoidance Scale. The implications for classification and theory are discussed. PMID- 7352843 TI - Signs and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. AB - The new diagnostic nomenclature of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-III) provides well-described categories of stress response syndromes that were not included in the previous nosology. The signs and symptoms of these syndromes used in the descriptive statements have been understood largely in terms of field studies of nonpatient populations and clinical descriptive and impressionistic studies of patient populations. We report quantitative data from the study of a population with post-traumatic stress disorder. The results confirm clinical impressions of the importance and wide prevalence of episodes of intrusive ideas and feelings in states of distress precipitated by serious life events. PMID- 7352842 TI - Lithium transport across the RBC membrane. A study of genetic factors. AB - The measurement of the ratio of RBC to plasma lithium ion levels in vitro in 291 members of 120 families indicated that genetic factors contribute substantially to interindividual variability in the lithium ion distribution across the RBC membrane. These factors affect the lithium-sodium ion exchange system that determines the lithium ion distribution. PMID- 7352844 TI - Foster home characteristics and psychiatric patient outcome. The wisdom of Gheel confirmed. AB - Even with the emphasis on deinstitutionalization, mental health services are still skewed toward hospital and nursing home care. A relatively untapped resource that is likely to receive more attention is the foster home. We previously demonstrated, in a controlled study of psychiatric patients randomly assigned to foster care or continued hospitalization, that foster care produced better social adjustment within four months. From that study we examine characteristics of foster homes associated with the improvement in social functioning. Improved outcome was related to more children in the homes, fewer boarders, and smaller size. Too much stimulation in the environment, more supervision by foster care sponsors, and more intensive follow-up by social work staff was bad for schizophrenic patients but good for nonschizophrenic patients. Neither the sponsors' tolerance and expectation nor the cost of foster care was related to outcome. The size and composition of homes are important and attention needs to be given to finding an enriched environment that is neither too stimulating nor too sterile for schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7352845 TI - Board-and-care home wanderers. AB - At six-month follow-up, 32 of 101 psychiatric patients in a board-and-care home had moved on. In this sense a considerable proportion of this population is not a static group. A relationship was found between moving on and having resided in the board-and-care home 12 months or less, being younger than 30 years of age, having goals to change something in one's life, and hospitalization during the preceding year. Repeated attempts at independent living appeared to stem from a search for autonomy and a sense of mastery, and resistance to the pull of dependency. Moving on, for some, seemed to be an attempt at a geographical solution to internal problems. Ambivalence and the need of both residents and families for respite appeared to be reflected in moves back and forth from living with each other. PMID- 7352846 TI - The family meets the hospital. A laboratory forecast of the encounter. AB - Families, like persons, can be considered as unitary cases. Like persons, families can be classified before treatment begins in an effort to predict their responses and thus, to formulate the best treatment program. Although many classification schemes have been proposed in the past, evidence is presented on the first successful use to our knowledge of a family classification scheme to predict a family's response to a family-oriented treatment program. The classification scheme grouped families according to their typical style of adapting to new situations. A family's classification was based on its performance in a standard laboratory problem-solving situation in which its interaction patterns could be measured precisely and objectively. This approach to classification successfully predicted the family's engagement in a family oriented, inpatient treatment program for adolescents. PMID- 7352847 TI - Therapist and patient actions in 'good' psychotherapy sessions. AB - Experienced clinicians' ratings of the "good" to "poor" quality of 46 therapy sessions were correlated with their ratings of various therapist and patient actions. As predicted, significant positive correlations were obtained between the goodness ratings and the emphasis given by therapists and patients to actions involving emotional expression and to explorations of the patients' thoughts and feelings pertaining to their self-concepts and their relationships with therapists and significant others. PMID- 7352848 TI - Assault, suicide, and mental illness. AB - The characteristics of 9,365 patients admitted to public hospitals in a one-year period were analyzed in relation to the presence of assaultive or suicidal problems prior to admission. There were definite differences in the occurrence of assaultive or suicidal problems in relation to sex, age, primary diagnosis, education, race, marital status, prior private care, and source of referral to the hospital. There were no significant differences in regard to the history of previous psychiatric admissions, veteran status, or history of seizures. These findings demonstrate the usefulness of a large, routinely collected data base in the study of specific psychiatric problems and offer directions for intervention and future research in the field of life-threatening behavior. PMID- 7352849 TI - Therapeutic communities vs methadone maintenance. A prospective controlled study of narcotic addiction treatment: design and one-year follow-up. AB - This study compares the efficacy of three residential therapeutic communities and an outpatient methadone maintenance program for 585 male veterans addicted to heroin. Subjects were randomly assigned to the treatment modalities. More than 93% of the subjects completed both six- and 12-month questionnaires. In this report, the treatment settings, characteristics of the sample, assignment protocol, and pattern of treatment entry and first-year follow-up results are outlined. The various clinical demands that affected the research protocol, the degree to which the randomization was compromised, and the implications for the analysis of outcome are discussed. One year after admission to the study, subjects who had been in a therapeutic community for longer than seven weeks or in methadone treatment were more likely to be employed or attending school, and less likely to be in jail, using heroin, or to have been convicted of a serious crime, than subjects who received no treatment at all beyond a short detoxification period. Those who spent less than seven weeks in a therapeutic community were doing no better than subjects in the no treatment group. PMID- 7352850 TI - Restabilization with methadone after methadyl acetate maintenance. AB - Sixty-eight heroin addicts maintained for 40 weeks on a regimen of methadyl acetate or methadone hydrochloride in a double-blind study were transferred to a uniform dose of 60 mg of methadone daily at the end of their tenure in the study. They were observed for the ensuing six weeks, during which their daily methadone doses were adjusted according to their clinical needs. Patients were observed for symptoms and signs of discomfort and for the amount of illicit drug use during this period of transition. The results indicate that patients maintained on a regimen of methadyl acetate can be readily restabilized with methadone and that sudden decrease of the methadone dose tends to result in the patient's supplementing with illicit heroin. Conversely, increasing methadone doses resulted in a corresponding reduction in illicit drug use. It is suggested that a chronic covert abstinence syndrome may exist in some patients receiving long-term methadone maintenance therapy, and that while it may contribute to their continued illicit drug use, it may have a different pathophysiologic basis and require different therapeutic considerations. PMID- 7352852 TI - Heroin and chromosome damage. PMID- 7352851 TI - Effect of antiparkinsonian medication on plasma levels of chlorpromazine. AB - Twenty-one chronic schizophrenics were stabilized with chlorpromazine therapy at their therapeutic dosage for one month. Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride or identical placebo was then added according to a double-blind, split crossover design. The duration of each half of the crossover was 15 days. Steady state blood samples were drawn three times weekly during the experimental period and the amount of chlorpromazine was determined. The results indicated there were no differences in the levels obtained between the trihexyphenidyl and the placebo phases. A two-hour postdrug blood sample was also drawn at the end of each phase and again, there were no differences between the two conditions. The importance of these results is discussed. PMID- 7352853 TI - Diagnostic systems and prognostic validity. PMID- 7352854 TI - Psychiatric nosology and Midtown Manhattan Study. PMID- 7352855 TI - Sterile hypopyon following intraocular lens surgery. AB - Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) was used to study nine intraocular lenses from one manufacturer. Residual polishing compound was found on two of three dry sterilized lenses from a "hot lot" associated with a high incidence of sterile hypopyon. Similar material was not present on normal lenses. This polishing compound was apparently fused to the lens surface, preventing its removal by ultrasonic cleaning. In addition, three wet-sterilized lenses were found to be covered with small crystals containing barium. These crystals apparently resulted from leaching of the glass storage vial by the caustic storage fluid. It is suggested that some cases of sterile hypopyon following intraocular lens surgery may be caused by residual polishing compound present on the lens surface. PMID- 7352856 TI - Spontaneous trends in ocular pressure in untreated ocular hypertension. AB - Sixty ocular hypertensive patients receiving no treatment with ocular pressures of 21 mm Hg or more were followed up for a median time of 42 months for changes in ocular pressure. Three significant patterns were observed--stability, downward trend, or an upward trend. The majority of patients showed relatively stable pressures over the course of time. Cyclic swings of pressure over one- or two year periods were also observed. A group of 43 normal patients with ocular pressures less than 21 mm Hg showed no trends of pressure with time except for three who had a small increase. For some patients, ocular hypertension appears to be a specific entity that represents either stable pressures with time or an episode of increased pressure that eventually decreases. In patients whose pressures continue to increase, ocular hypertension may become true glaucoma. Evaluation of the course of ocular hypertension in relation to diagnosis and treatment is important, especially in terms of the efficacy of treatment. PMID- 7352857 TI - Topically applied pilocarpine. Human pupillary response as a function of drop size. AB - Previous studies with use of animal models have shown that, for topically applied ophthalmic drugs, the fraction of dose absorbed into the eye is increased as the volume in which the drug is instilled is decreased. Such findings have not previously been confirmed in humans. In the present study, the miotic response to instilled doses of 20 and 50 microL of 0.5% pilocarpine hydrochloride was compared in ten adult human volunteers. Although the 20-microL drop represents a substantial dosage reduction, the miotic response was essentially equivalent to that obtained with the 50-microL drop. These findings imply that, due to the large drainage loss of topically applied ophthalmic drugs, volumes delivered by commerical ophthalmic droppers may in some cases be larger than required to achieve the desired response. PMID- 7352858 TI - Traumatic hyphema. Failure of steroids to alter its course: a double-blind prospective study. AB - Forty-three patients with traumatic hypema were studied prospectively in a controlled, double-blind study. Twenty-three patients received prednisone and 20 received a lactose placebo. Secondary hemorrhages occurred in 16% of all patients. There was no significant difference in the incidence of secondary hemorrhage between the two groups (P = .85). There is no evidence that prednisone (40 mg/day) decreases the incidence of secondary hemorrhage. There was no significant difference in final visual acuities between the two groups. Patients with initially larger hyphemas do not appear to have worse final visual acuities. Hyphemas without secondary hemorrhage had a uniformly good prognosis. Although final visual acuities were worse in eyes with secondary hemorrhage, associated ocular injuries rather than blood-related complications accounted for the decreased visual acuity. PMID- 7352859 TI - Methylmethacrylate monomer in intraocular lenses of polymethylmethacrylate. Cellular toxicity. AB - Tissue cultures of secondary rabbit kidney cells were grown in maintenance medium containing varying concentrations of methylmethacrylate monomer from 5% to 0.05%. No pathologic changes were observed in those tissue cultures containing 0.1% or less monomer as compared to controls. Data from previous studies on the rate of elution of monomer from polymethylmethacrylate and from published studies of aqueous humor dynamics indicate that the monomer level in intraocular lenses will be less than the concentration toxic to living cells in tissue culture. PMID- 7352860 TI - Structural alterations in overacting inferior oblique muscles. AB - Primary and secondary overacting inferior oblique muscles were examined by light and electron microscopy and compared to normal inferior oblique muscles. The most conspicuous light microscopic difference between primary overacting and normal muscles was the presence of granular fibers in overacting muscles that contained sarcoplasmic masses. Some primary and secondary overacting muscles also contained fibers displaying increased vacuolization and atrophy. Other secondary overacting muscles showed only numerous fibers at various stages of atrophy. The affected fibers were distributed throughout the central and global regions of the posterior portion of the muscle. Electron microscopic examination showed aggregations of mitochondria and degenerating mitochondrial profiles. Longitudinal fiber splitting and activated satellite cells were associated with fibers displaying increased vacuolization. The results suggest that the primary overacting inferior oblique muscle is the result of a bilateral paresis of the superior oblique muscle. PMID- 7352861 TI - Human posterior subcapsular cataract. An ultrastructural study of the posteriorly migrating cells. AB - Thirteen human lenses posterior subcapsular cataracts were examined by transmission electron microscopy to study the lens epithelial cells that characteristically migrate posteriorly in this disease. A sequence of histologic changes was identified from the equatorial region to the posterior pole. The cells became increasingly more active cytologically, culminating in lens-fiber like formation or cell death at the posterior pole. Moderate amounts of extracellular granular and fibrillar material were produced, especially in the more advanced cases. No mature collagen was found. The liquefied posterior cataracts contained cellular debris from both degenerate lens fibers and necrotic migrating cells. The migrating lens cells thus contributed to the cataract by secretion, cytolysis, and probably by release of lysosomal enzymes. Bladder cells had many of the characteristics of lens fibers so that the term "abortive" or dysplastic lens fibers is appropriate for them. PMID- 7352862 TI - Bilateral optic nerve sheath meningiomas. AB - A 35-year-old man was initially seen following the incidental discovery of swollen optic disc in both eyes. Over a subsequent 15-year period, the patient experienced an inexorable loss of vision in both eyes, characterized by normal neuroradiologic findings and the presence of opticocillary shunt vessels on both discs. A craniotomy ultimately demonstrated the presence of bilateral optic nerve sheath meningiomas that appeared to have arisen multifocally. PMID- 7352863 TI - Technique for removing a fishhook from the posterior segment of the eye. AB - A man was admitted to the hospital with a penetrating injury to the eye caused by a fishhook. One of the current techniques for removing cutaneously embedded hooks was used to remove it. This technique, in conjunction with detachment surgery, resulted in the successful restoration of vision in our patient. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the successful removal of a fishhook that penetrated the retina and lay within the vitreous of the eye. PMID- 7352864 TI - Support and air supply tube for vitreous surgery. AB - A metallic tube is attached to the operating table or wrist rest, acts as a support for the assistant's hand, and provides free air flow during vitreous surgery while the patient is under local anesthesia. PMID- 7352866 TI - Interferometric acuity testing devices and loss of visual acuity. PMID- 7352865 TI - Surgery in ptosis. PMID- 7352867 TI - Pseudopapilledema. PMID- 7352868 TI - Specular microscopy over a hydrogel contact lens. PMID- 7352869 TI - Choroidal melanoma. Enucleation or observation? A new approach. AB - Application of the knowledge of growth rate of malignant neoplasms on choroidal melanomas shows that (1) fatalities within two years after enucleation only exceptionally can be due to dissemination of tumor cells during enucleation because the growth rate of uveal melanomas generally is far too low; (2) the apparent relationship between enucleation and death by metastasis actually is a relationship in time between diagnosis of the primary tumor and death by metastasis; (3) simultaneous diagnosis of the primary tumor and its metastases rarely is possible; (4) long intervals between enucleation and death by metastasis are explained by a low growth rate of metastases. Early enucleation, especially of small melanomas, is obligatory, because it prevents (further) dissemination of tumor cells. Preoperative local radiotherapy of two doses of 400 rads each will devitalize about 90% of the primary cells and largely will prevent possible iatrogenic dissemination. PMID- 7352870 TI - Tumors of the anterior uvea. I. Metastasizing malignant melanoma of the iris. AB - Although metastases from malignant melanomas of the ciliary body and choroid are common, similar tumors from the iris are rare. In this article seven such cases are described. They represent 3.5% of 196 cases in our files that were followed up for a minimum of five years where the tumor was confined to the iris and did not involve the ciliary body or the choroid. To our knowledge, this is the largest series to be described in the literature. Of the seven patients who died of metastases, six were male and autopsies were performed on four. There is evidence that diffusely infiltrating, heavily pigmented tumors, and tumors whose cell nuclei show prominent nucleoli are those most likely to metastasize. PMID- 7352871 TI - Studies on the tear film in climatic droplet keratopathy and pterygium. AB - Tear function tests were performed on 30 Australian Aborigines, and the results obtained were compared with the results obtained in 101 mildly hypertensive Europeans. Aborigines had a significant abnormality in tear break-up time, which may be related to conjunctival scarring caused by trachoma. The tests used failed to show any tear film abnormalities associated with the presence of either pterygium or climatic droplet keratopathy other than a discontinuity of the marginal tear strip, which is probably a secondary phenomenon. It seems unlikely that either pterygium or climatic droplet keratopathy is caused by a gross abnormality of the tear film. PMID- 7352873 TI - Evolution of soft contact lens coatings. AB - To investigate further the reported possibility that surface deposits on soft contact lenses contribute to giant papillary conjunctivitis, we performed scanning electron microscopy on 22 lenses worn for varying durations by a group including persons who had never worn contact lenses and asymptomatic persons who had, and on five never-worn lenses. Thirty minutes' wear resulted in covering of about 50% of the anterior surface with scattered cell-membrane-like and mucus like material, with mucus-like material on top of cells in places. Eight hours' wear produced about 90% covering with more complex coatings. Routinely worn and cleaned lenses had still more complex coatings on more than 90% of the surface. Deposits were found on routinely worn lenses even after professional cleaning. We conclude that all worn soft contact lenses have coatings that become more complex with time and may never be removed completely. PMID- 7352872 TI - Corneal ulceration and perforation associated with Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Sterile corneal ulcerations and perforations associated with Sjogren's syndrome affected 18 eyes in 14 patients. Seven of the 18 eyes were perforated on presentation. Nine of the 18 eyes had received topical steroid treatment prior to referral. Two of the eyes had undergone recent anterior segment surgery and suffered perforated corneas postoperatively while receiving topical steroid treatment. All 14 patients had successful management of their corneal ulceration or management of their corneal ulceration or perforation (reepithelialization of the corneal defect, restoration or maintenance of the anterior chamber, and stromal scarring with visual acuity equal to or better than on presentation). Two of the 18 eyes had sterile infiltrated ulcers. We believe that this type of ulcer responds less predictably to therapy than the noninfiltrated lesions. PMID- 7352874 TI - Presenile cataract formation and decreased activity of galactosemic enzymes. AB - One hundred forty-seven patients, 144 with advanced cataract formation, had determinations of erythrocyte galactokinase and galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase performed. Significant reduction (more than 2 SDs) of one of these enzymes was found in 47.4% of patients 50 years old or less with presenile "idiopathic" bilateral cataracts, 7.1% of other patients with cataracts aged 50 years or less, and 3.8% of patients with cataracts aged 51 years or more. The differences between the group with presenile idiopathic cataracts and the other groups were statistically highly significant (P less than .001). Patients with reduced activity of galactokinase or galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (presumed heterozygotes) compose about 1% of the general population, appear to be more susceptible to idiopathic presenile cataract formation, and may be more prone to secondary cataract formation after a variety of lenticular insults. Dietary restriction of milk and milk products may prevent or delay cataract formation in these individuals. PMID- 7352875 TI - Orbital abscess. AB - A staphylococcal orbital abscess developed in a 55-year-old diabetic woman. Initial antibiotic therapy was apparently incomplete and resulted in an unusual clinical manifestation for an orbital infection. These unusual features included an insidious course of monocular visual loss and proptosis in the absence of fever, substantial orbital pain, and evidence of sinus disease; pancytopenia rather than leukocytosis was present. Surgical drainage followed by intravenous and oral antibiotic therapy resulted in marked clinical improvement, including a partial return of visual acuity. In the patient, however, a staphylococcal osteomyelitis of the shoulder and subsequent fatal septicemia developed several months later. Orbital infection continues to be a life-threatening condition, especially in debilitated patients. PMID- 7352876 TI - Juvenile fibromatosis of the periorbital region and eyelid. A clinicopathologic study of six cases. AB - Six cases of juvenile fibromatosis of the periorbital region and eyelid were studied. The median age of the patients was 8 years (range, 1 to 11 years). A definite propensity for involvement of the infraorbital region and lower eyelid was observed. THREE TUMORS EXHIBITED A PROMINENT LOBULAR PATTERN AND WERE ADHERENT TO THE PERIOSTEUM. The main entities in the differential diagnosis included leiomyoma, neurofibroma, and well-differentiated fibrosarcoma. Two of six tumors recurred locally but did not metastasize. Electron microscopic studies disclosed that the spindle-shaped tumor cells exhibited features of fibroblasts. It appears that conservative treatment (ie, local excision) is adequate. PMID- 7352877 TI - Needs for precise measures of acuity. Equipment to meet these needs. AB - The equipment described provides precise, reliable measures of acuity from normal to the lowest measurable and meets all recommendations of the NAS-NRC Working Group 39 of the Committee on Vision. Special features of the equipment are as follows: (1) It is a valuable component of a complete clinical eye examination. (2) Because it measures very low acuities, it is excellent for use in low-vision clinics. (3) It meets the demanding requirements of collaborative research studies in which acuity is the primary measure of the effects of therapy. These studies involve tests at repeated intervals under conditions that can be duplicated in a number of examining centers. The adoption of one standard method of measuring acuity for these diverse needs would aid in establishing a sound, generally understood foundation for this basic measure of visual function. PMID- 7352878 TI - Statokinetic dissociation in lesions of the anterior visual pathways. A reappraisal of the Riddoch phenomenon. AB - With standard Goldmann perimetry, physiologic dissociation of kinetic and statis stimuli was first investigated in 15 normal subjects. Variable degrees of statokinetic dissociation (SKD) occurred for white and for red (achromatic perception) targets, but not for chromatic recognition of red. To analyze relative sensitivity of these stimuli in defining field defects, a set of "isopter equivalents," eg, white I2e, red II4c (achromatic perception), and red V4e (chromatic recognition) was empirically established in normal and in pathologic fields of 11 patients with compression of the anterior visual pathways. The "Riddoch phenomenon" (SKD) was documented in defective fields in all patients with tumors; SKD occurred for white or for red achromatic perception. The most sensitive technique for elaborating field defects proved to be static presentation of white or red stimuli (achromatic perception) and chromatic recognition of static or kinetic red. As a rapid, sensitive screening method, especially for subtle defects, we suggest the addition of chromatic recognition of kinetic red stimuli to the application of standard kinetic white stimuli. Our findings are discussed in light of current concepts of retinal ganglion cell physiology. PMID- 7352879 TI - Visually evoked potentials to pseudorandom binary sequence stimulation. Preliminary clinical trails. AB - We report results using a new stimulus for clinical testing of visually evoked potentials (VEPs). The stimulus was the modulation of the luminance of a large unpatterned field by a temporal pseudorandom binary sequence. The stimulus was similar to Gaussian white noise in that a large number of sinusoidal harmonics were presented concurrently. It has the important advantage that conventional signal averaging techniques can be used to analyze the VEP. Abnormal VEP responses were obtained when the stimulus was applied to patients with minimal macular and optic nerve disease. PMID- 7352880 TI - Anomalous retinal correspondence. Monocular and binocular visual evoked responses. AB - Monocular and binocular flashed visual evoked responses (VERs) were recorded in two normal subjects, two patients with partially accommodative refractive small angle esotropia, and two patients with residual small-angle esotropia. Without optical correction the binocular VER of the patients with partially accommodative esotropia was equal to the monocular one, thus confirming suppression of the deviated eye as found with the striated glasses test. In the two patients with residual small-angle deviation and in the two with partially accomodative strabismus wearing an optical correction to reduce the angle of deviation, the binocular VER was larger than the monocular one. These patients showed anomalous retinal correspondence (ARC). Although the binocular recording of strabismic patients was smaller than the one obtained in normal subjects, still a cortical binocular interaction was found. In the subjects tested, ARC is objectively demonstrated to sustain an anomalous type of binocular vision. PMID- 7352881 TI - Degenerative changes in retinal vessels. Photodocumentation with monochromatic filters. AB - The appearance of certain ocular structure changes due to changes in absorption, reflection, and optical transmission depends on the wavelength of light. By means of this physical quality of the light, it is possible to demonstrate certain parts of the fundus better than others. Several examples described in this article demonstrate how degenerative vascular alterations can be judged much better and more safely by use of monochromatic light and light of varying wavelengths. Alterations of blood vessel caliber show the most contrast in yellow green light where there is maximum absorption by the blood. Alterations in blood vessel wall reflection that are invisible in white light can be demonstrated in short-wave light and also partially in red light. Ophthalmoscopy in connection with the xenon arc lamp as a method of examination is suprior to photography alone. PMID- 7352883 TI - Spontaneous separation of epiretinal membranes. AB - Three patients had spontaneous separation of an epiretinal membrane from the macular region. Two of the patients had had argon laser photocoagulation of peripheral retinal lesions three to four months earlier. Vitreous contraction, which had led to the fundus conditions that required photocoagulation, may have created alterations in the vitreous or in the membrane itself, which enhanced the peeling of the membranes. Although photocoagulation may sometimes worsen macular puckers, the presence of an epiretinal membrane near the macula should not be considered an absolute contraindication to peripheral fundus photocoagulation when the pathologic process that is to be coagulated has a substantially worse prognosis if left untreated. PMID- 7352882 TI - X-linked recessive retinitis pigmentosa and vitreous fluorophotometry. A study of female heterozygotes. AB - Vitreous fluorophotometry was used to assess the functional integrity of the blood-retinal barrier in four female carriers of X-linked recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Abnormal findings in all four carriers suggest that a defect in the blood-retinal barrier, detectable by vitreous fluorophotometry, is a sensitive means by which carriers can be identified. PMID- 7352884 TI - Pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous opacity secondary to presumed toxoplasmosis. AB - Four patients with vitreous opacity characterized by veil-like membranes with precipitates of presumed inflammatory cells had visual acuities in the affected eye of hand movements only, 20/200, 20/400, and 20/400 over a period of six months or longer. A history compatible with episodes of inflammation secondary to toxoplasmosis and a chorioretinal scar compatible with toxoplasmosis in the involved or opposite eye was present in each patient. Pars plana vitrectomy (with lensectomy in three of the four cases) has afforded information in regard to preoperative and postoperative management of such patients, as well as postoperative results. PMID- 7352885 TI - Vitreous wick syndrome following discission of the posterior capsule. AB - Discission of the posterior capsule frequently is performed by surgeons doing extracapsular cataract extraction and phacoemulsification. Two cases of the vitreous wick syndrome were noted six days and two weeks, respectively, after discission of the posterior capsule, and immediate surgical repair was done. It is important to be aware of the vitreous wick syndrome as a complication of posterior capsule discission because prompt diagnosis and surgical repair may prevent the development of bacterial endophthalmitis or epithelial downgrowth. PMID- 7352886 TI - Congenital ocular motor apraxia and brainstem tumor. AB - Congenital ocular motor apraxia is considered a benign disorder of horizontal saccadic eye movements. A case is presented of an 8-month-old boy with this clinical picture in whom, four months later, signs of increased intracranial pressure from a large, cystic neoplasm of the rostral part of the brainstem developed, the second such case reported to our knowledge. Occasional abnormalities of the nervous system in patients with this disorder are reviewed. Careful neurologic examination and continuing reevaluation of the conditions of these patients are encouraged, with consideration of computerized axial tomography of the brain if neurologic findings or deterioration dictates. PMID- 7352887 TI - Systemic absorption of topical ocularly applied epinephrine and dipivefrin. AB - The systemic absorption of two drugs, epinephrine and dipivefrin hydrochloride, was determined to be from 55% to 65% of the ocularly applied dose. Although dipivefrin is much more readily absorbed into the eye than epinephrine, the systemic absorption of the two drugs was similar. After ocular treatment, the drugs were slowly absorbed into the body over a period of several hours. The metabolism of epinephrine in the body did not appear to be different whether the drug was applied ocularly or injected intravenously. The metabolism of dipivefrin showed some difference depending on route of administration. The tissue distribution of radioactive material after ocular treatment with epinephrine tagged with carbon 14 was quite different than that observed after intravenous treatment. A major pathway for systemic absorption of ocularly applied material appears to be through the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7352888 TI - Nonglaucomatous cavernous degeneration of the optic nerve. Report of two cases. AB - The globes from two elderly women who underwent enucleation for malignant melanoma of the choroid showed cavernous degeneration of the optic nerve. Both individuals had prominent optic cups and a strong family history of severe cardiovascular disease; one patient also had mild anemia and substantial arteriosclerotic heart disease. Neither patient showed any clinical or histologic evidence of glaucoma. It is proposed that cavernous degeneration of the optic nerves in some patients may represent an aging change associated with generalized arteriosclerosis. Individuals with large optic cups may be more at risk of developing this condition. PMID- 7352889 TI - Reliability and application of the pneumatonograph. PMID- 7352890 TI - Surgical problems of the base of the skull. An interdisciplinary approach. AB - Lesions of the clivus, upper cervical vertebrae, and the cervicomedullary junction often present difficulties to the neurologic surgeon. Currently available surgical approaches often provide less than optimal exposure, for both removal of the primary lesion and repair of the dura. A transoral approach that combines a median labiomandibular glossotomy, soft palate "split," and hard palate resection has been used in illustrative cases. This technique not only provides maximum transverse and sagittal exposure, but considerably reduces the operating distance between the neurosurgeon and the cervicomedullary junction. Fresh cadaver dissections helped to better define the surgical landmarks of the clivus and the underlying intradural vascular and neural structures. PMID- 7352891 TI - Surgical prosthetic splints as an adjunct in treating facial fractures. AB - Surgical splints are a valuable adjunct in managing certain mandible and maxillary fractures. Of the various splint materials, acrylic is the easiest, fastest, and least expensive. Acrylic splints are rigid, strong, easily adjusted and repaired, translucent, lightweight, and tolerated well by the oral mucosa. Splints are beneficial not only in the edentulous adult, but also in the child with deciduous dentition and in the patient with a partial dentition. Splints are helpful in managing fractures of the symphysis, parasymphyseal region, body, and alveolar ridges of the mandible, sagittal fractures of the hard palate, and severely comminuted mandible fractures. Construction of acrylic splints is simple and rapid if the surgeon uses the services of a dentist or a dental laboratory. PMID- 7352892 TI - Scanning electron microscopical study of tracheal vascularization in guinea pig. AB - In view of a considerable increase of the tracheal injuries brought about by intubation, further detailed information on microcirculation of the trachea is needed. For this purpose, the normal microvascularization of the guinea pig trachea was investigated in microcorrosion casts viewed in a scanning electron microscope. The trachea is supplied by longitudinal vascular bundles running at both sides of the organ, including both longitudinal tracheoesophageal arteries and veins. They are the source of a segmental vascularization of the trachea. Due to numerous arteriovenous anastomoses and anastomoses occurring within respective arterious and venous vascular systems, a constant blood flow within submucous capillary plexus and the tracheal wall is provided. A characteristic feature of tracheal vascularization is a very rich, dense network of veins, which form well developed plexuses, particularly in tracheal segments covered by skeletal cartilages. PMID- 7352893 TI - A study of optimum dose immunotherapy in pharmacological treatment failures. AB - Forty-six patients with allergic rhinitis who were refractory to antihistamine/decongestant drugs were entered into a study to evaluate the effectiveness of optimal dose immunotherapy. Of the patients described, 91% reported symptomatic improvement within 24 weeks. Total IgE was seen to decrease in 76% of the patients in the same time frame. Nasal eosinophilia and specific IgE antibodies also were seen to decrease substantially. The results of this study indicate that immunotherapy, based on the patient's sensitivity as measured by specific serum antibody titers and titrated skin end points, is effective in alleviating symptoms and altering abnormal immunological factors. PMID- 7352895 TI - Spontaneous regression of a facial malignant melanoma. AB - We report a case of a head and neck melanoma fulfilling the criteria for spontaneous regression of the primary tumor. The melanoma originated within a pretragal nevus. Histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed regressive changes within the nevus but no demonstrable melanoma. This brings to a total of 14 the number of patients with documented regression of a primary melanoma. PMID- 7352894 TI - A comparative study of the ototoxicity of gentamicin and gentamicin C1. AB - Dose-response experiments comparing the ototoxic liability of the aminoglycoside antibiotics gentamicin sulfate and gentamicin C1 sulfate were conducted on guinea pigs. Measures of cochlear electrophysiology, histology, and the pharmacokinetic disposition of the drugs in the plasma and perilymph were made. Electrophysiological and histological measures indicated that gentamicin is more ototoxic than is gentamicin C1. PMID- 7352896 TI - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx. AB - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx is an uncommon tumor that occurs almost exclusively in men. Primary vocal cord involvement is rare. We report a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the vocal cord in a woman. Special histologic studies may be necessary to arrive at an accurate diagnosis of this neoplasm. Appropriate surgical intervention and close follow-up offer the patient the best chance for cure. PMID- 7352897 TI - Inverted papilloma. PMID- 7352899 TI - Pathologic quiz case 2. PMID- 7352900 TI - Action of general anesthesia on middle ear effusions. AB - An investigation was made of the incidence of "negative myringotomy" or the absence of middle ear effusion when preoperative impedance testing and examination predicted such fluid. The effect of general anesthesia on the clearance of middle ear fluid was studied by comparing preanesthesia and postanesthesia tympanograms with the findings at myringotomy. The effect of nitrous oxide and positive pressure ventilation without nitrous oxide to increase middle ear pressure are mechanisms that could clear low viscosity fluid from the middle ear. PMID- 7352901 TI - Composite resection and reconstruction for oral cavity and oropharynx cancer. A functional approach. AB - Composite resection, the standard surgical approach for treating cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx, results in considerable functional and cosmetic deformity, whether primary closure or flap reconstruction is employed. To minimize these problems, an alternate surgical approach has been developed. Essentials of the procedure include use of a non-lip-splitting visor flap for exposure and excision of the lesion, reconstruction with a skin or dermis graft formed into a pouch to fill dead space created by resection, and routine use of intermaxillary fixation for immobilization of the reconstructed area. In 16 patients undergoing this procedure, the approach had no adverse effect on short term survival. Complication rate with skin and dermis graft reconstruction was acceptably low. Cosmetic improvement has been gratifying. Skin or dermis graft reconstruction has resulted in very satisfactory functional results in terms of tongue mobility, articulation, mastication, and swallowing. PMID- 7352898 TI - Superior mediastinal exposure. AB - Removal of disease from the superior mediastinum requires adequate visualization. This article reports another technique to gain access to this anatomic area. We describe here a selective series of nine patients who underwent resection of the medial one third of the clavicle in conjunction with primary surgery to remove disease from the superior mediastinum. The procedure is described in detail. Possible complications such as pneumothorax, transection of the subclavian artery or vein, hematoma, or abscess formation have not occurred. We recommend this procedure for patients with mediastinal lymph node disease as well as for patients with large substernal thyroid disease where exposure of the superior mediastinum is required. PMID- 7352903 TI - Reconstruction of the tear duct system. AB - A new procedure for the reconstruction of the tear duct system is advocated. After partial ethmoidectomy and incising the conjunctiva at the inner canthus, a superiorly based flap is secured from the septum and pulled into the defect; then it is secured by 7--0 sutures. This flap contains mucous membrane and cartilage. PMID- 7352902 TI - Middle ear immittance in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Audiologic and electroacoustic immittance measurements were obtained from each ear of 23 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 13 normal control subjects. Audiologic findings revealed 14 patients with rheumatoid arthritis with hearing loss of either conductive (three patients) or sensorineural (11 patients) type, while only two control subjects demonstrated hearing loss, both of sensorineural type. Immittance data revealed abnormal findings in 59% of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis as compared to only 4% of the control subjects. The increased incidence of sensorineural hearing loss in the sample with rheumatoid arthritis could not be readily explained. The observed prevalence of abnormal immittance findings in patients with rheumatoid arthritis suggested either increased middle ear stiffness or increased stiffness associated with decreased stability of ligamentous anchorage. PMID- 7352904 TI - Subluxation of the larynx. Report of a case. AB - Laryngeal subluxation unrelated to trauma is unusual. We report a case in which the cervical spine had elongated anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the sixth cervical vertebra. Lateral displacement of the larynx in this patient resulted in temporary engagement of the larynx on these prominent bony tubercles, with moderate discomfort. Manual manipulation of the larynx is a simple, nonoperative technique for reducing the subluxation. PMID- 7352905 TI - Bulbar changes with laryngeal paralysis. AB - There are two hypotheses that attempt to explain how a lesion in the lower part of the chest may cause paralysis of both laryngeal nerves with intermediate position of the afflicted cord. The first proposes retrograde degeneration of the vagus nerve up to its nucleus ambiguus, the second, ascending metastasis along the vagus nerve until the superior laryngeal nerve becomes paralyzed. In one case of inoperable lung cancer, the brain-stem was sectioned into a gapless series. The number of cells of the nucleus ambiguus on each side was equal, thus excluding an irreversible retrograde degeneration. However, central chromatolysis was found more than twice as often on the side of laryngeal paralysis. Intermediate vocal cord position was again associated with paralysis of both laryngeal nerves of that side. PMID- 7352906 TI - Cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7352907 TI - Pathologic quiz case 2. Cervical tuberculosis. PMID- 7352908 TI - Pathological quiz case 1. Chondrosarcoma of the larynx. PMID- 7352909 TI - A warning regarding the sitting position for acoustic tumor surgery. PMID- 7352910 TI - Vocal rehabilitation by a tracheopharyngeal shunt. AB - Vocal rehabilitation by a new one-stage tracheopharyngeal (TP) shunt procedure was done in eight laryngectomies. The procedure is summarized as follows. The horizontal parallel and a vertical lateral skin incision are made in the anterior part of the neck, and the medially and laterally based flaps are made. After laryngectomy, the TP tunnel is created with the medially based flap, and a functioning sphnicter is created by the thyropharyngeus muscle at the pharyngeal opening of the TP tunnel. The cervical defect is closed by the laterally based flap. Two patients experienced minor aspiration, and two had stenosis of the TP tunnel. The quality of the voice is hoarse and similar in quality to that produced by the Asai laryngoplasty. PMID- 7352911 TI - Neoglottic reconstruction after total laryngectomy. Staffieri's techniques: a report of 18 cases. AB - Mario Staffieri and associates developed a technique for reconstruction of a phonatory neoglottis in 1970. Since then Staffiere has performed over 100 of these procedures with approximately a 90% success rate. The technique has been used in 18 cases at The University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston with certain variations. All patients received a wide field total laryngectomy for T3 or T4 endolaryngeal or pyriform sinus carcinomas. Of these 18 patients, two did not have neoglotic fistulas created. Of the 16 patients who remained in the series, 12 have a good voice. One died of carcinoma of the lung, one had spontaneous closure after postoperative radiotherapy, one aspirated severely and was closed surgically, and the last patient had a postoperative wound infection and closed spontaneously. He developed good esophageal speech. PMID- 7352912 TI - Evaluation of extrathyroid masses of the head and neck with gray scale ultrasound. AB - The utility of gray scale ultrasonography in evaluation of extrathyroid masses of the head and neck is demonstrated by correlating ultrasonic data with clinical and histologic findings in 40 cases. This technique is valuable in differentiating cystic from noncystic masses in determining the nature of inflammatory masses, and in many cases allows determination of the margins of a mass and its relationship to adjacent structures. PMID- 7352913 TI - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the United States. A pathologic study of 177 US and 30 foreign cases. AB - Making use of a new histologic classification developed by the World Health Organization, we reviewed 177 US and 30 foreign cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Tumors of US whites included undifferentiated, squamous cell, and non keratinizing carcinomas, while US blacks had undifferentiated carcinomas only. There were no significant histological differences between the tumors from US- and foreign-born patients. White male subjects from the United States had a braod age distribution, with a peak in the 60- to 69-year range. Black subjects from the United States, on the other hand, had a prominent incidence peak in the 10- to 19-year age range. These pathologic and age-related differences may provide clues as to those factors involved in the cause and pathogenesis of NPC. PMID- 7352914 TI - Drill- and suction-generated noise in mastoid surgery. AB - The air-conduction noise levels in the external and middle ear generated by drilling and suction during temporal bone surgery were measured. Variables included diamond burrs, cutting burrs, two different air drills (Hall and Stryker) an electric drill (Emesco), and drilling with and without suction irrigation. The results show that the single factor contributing the highest noise level is suction irrigation, which exposes the ipsilateral ear to noise levels averaging up to 107 dB (A). The average noise levels of drilling range from 65 to 96 dB (A) varying with the drill and burr used. Simultaneous drilling and suction irrigation generated noise levels ranging from 91 to 108 dB (A). Cutting burrs were found to be up to 9 dB (A) more intense than diamond burrs. Exposure to these noise levels may account for shifts in the hearing thresholds sometimes apparent in postoperative audiograms of mastoid surgery patients. PMID- 7352915 TI - Incidence of complications from use of tympanostomy tubes. AB - The widely accepted treatment of chronic serous otitis media with ventilation tubes has resulted in an apparently acceptable level of complications. Perhaps because of the extreme variability in the type of tube used and the methods of inserting these tubes, little attention has been paid to the incidence of these complications. To arrive at preliminary complication rates that may be used in discussion with parents, 307 patients who were under 10 years of age and treated with tympanostomy tubes were evaluated retrospectively to document the rate of complications. The literature was screened for other series of patients treated with tympanostomy tubes where data regarding complications were available, and comparisons were made to determine the value of these figures. The level of simple complications was high, but the incidence of serious complications was low enough to support the further use of this method of therapy. PMID- 7352916 TI - The cochlear component in operated otosclerosis after a mean period of 16 years. A follow-up study. AB - 107 patients operated on for otosclerosis were studied after an average of 16 years after the operation. The mean age-corrected bone thresholds measured after the postoperative stabilization period and at the follow-up examination did not differ significantly. Our results support the opinion that, in cases of operated otosclerosis, the sensorineural component follows the clinical course of presbyacusis. PMID- 7352917 TI - Late cortical-evoked responses in clinical use. AB - Direct-current (dc) deflections in the EEG in response to sensory stimuli were first described by Kohler who, however, employed relatively high intensities. Gumnit, as well as Caspers, working with physiological stimulus intensities in animals, and recording from the primary projection areas of the different sensory modalities then showed that the evoked dc potentials during stimulation were restricted to a relatively small area of the animal's cortex which conformed well to the locus of the chosen modality. In our laboratory, using a fully computerized dc recording averaging system with Beckman electrodes, placed normally on the vertex, we have developed a routine technique adapted for clinical use. By this means, all types of electric responses obtainable from the intact human skull so auditory, gustatory and olfactory stimuli can be plotted simultaneously including the dc shift duirng a relatively long-lasting train of clicks (perstimulatory dc shift). This technique has been applied both in normal and in pathological subjects in various hospitals (ENT and children's clinics, in our country. The results obtained using this technique are described in our contribution. PMID- 7352918 TI - Binaural interaction of a beating frequency-following response. AB - Frequency-following responses to 500-Hz tone bursts presented to the left ear and 540-Hz tone bursts presented to the right ear were recorded from human subjects. Recordings were made both under monaural and binaural conditions. The responses summed over monaural conditions (for left and right ear stimulation) were larger than the responses obtained in the binaural condition. This binaural interaction shows that the frequency-following response reflects binaural processing probably occurring at or below the level of the inferior colliculi. PMID- 7352919 TI - Effects of noise, hypothermia and barbiturate on cochlear electrical activity. AB - Pentobarbital has been reported as both increasing and decreasing the effects of noise trauma on the inner ear. In the C57BL/6 laboratory mouse, the effects depend upon which electrical events are measured and whether or not the hypothermic effects of pentobarbital are counteracted. Pentobarbital-induced hypothermia per se increased the latency of both the high-intensity-threshold, short-latency (H) and low-intensity-threshold, long-latency (L) waves by approximately 60 mus per degrees C decrease, had no significant effect on H-wave amplitude, but caused a severe reduction of the L-wave amplitude. As little as 1 min of 120 dB SPL high-frequency noise can temporarily reduce the cochlear microphonic (CM) amplitude, abolish the H and reduce the amplitude of the L waves of the click-evoked, volume-conducted gross auditory nerve action potential (AP). 1 week later, CMs were more depressed in subjects which had been anesthetized during 5 min noise exposure, regardless of body temperature during the exposure. The long-term decrement of the L-wave amplitude did not consistently differ as a function of anesthetic state or body temperature at exposure. However, hypothermia protected from, while barbiturate increased the effects of noise stress on the H wave. It was hypothesized that metabolic factors differentially affect the various electrical generators in the inner ear. PMID- 7352920 TI - Loudness summation across frequency under masking and in sensorineural hearing loss. AB - The loudness summation across frequency was measured in unmasked and masked normally hearing subects, using noise bands centered at 1 kHz. Homolateral masking reduced the loudness summation of supracritical noise bands to a degree roughly proportional to the degree of threshold shift produced by the masking. Between thresholds and moderate sensation levels, the loudness summation increased at an invariable rate in the unmasked and the masked condition, reflected in an invariable supracritical growth of loudness with increasing stimulus bandwidth at identical sensation levels. At high intensities, the loudness summation decreased to roughly similar values in both conditions. Similar results were obtained by pooling the data from patients with sensorineural hearing losses and comparable threshold elevation. The critical bands appeared to be identical in unmasked and masked normally hearing subjects and in patients with sensorineural hearing losses. Contralateral, 35 dB effective masking produced a slight but consistent central masking effect; compared to the unmasked condition, the loudness summation of supracritical noise bands was reduced between threshold and medium stimulus levels, while it was increased at high levels. PMID- 7352921 TI - Significance of the SISI test and its relation to recruitment. AB - The aim of the present article is to reconsider critically some arguments currently used to support the significance of the SISI test. The first topic discussed is the possible relationship between a positive SISI result (i.e. a small difference limen for intensity) and the presence of recruitment. It is concluded that there is no relationship between these via the loudness function. The second topic concerns some statistical factors which have a bearing on the utility of the SISI test. It is argued that the significance of the SISI test may be largely determined by the prevalence rates of cochlear and retrocochlear disorders. PMID- 7352922 TI - Eye colour and susceptibility to noise-induced permanent threshold shift. AB - 257 3rd-year apprentices were given ear, nose and throat examination, electroacoustic impedance tests and audiometry. Their eye colour was also recorded. Average hearing levels of otologically normal left ears were poorer at 4 kHz (p less than 0.05) for apprentices with eye colours indicating no melanin pigmentation of the iris than for apprentices with melanin iris pigmentation. PMID- 7352923 TI - Efficiency of subjective audiometry in children up to the third year of age. AB - After a discussion of possible methods for measuring the hearing of infants, we present a more appropriate method which we have developed and used over a number of years. The method applied is called "sound orientation audiometry" and is based on the readiness of infants to seek out the sources of sounds. As the infants are observed by means of a one-way mirror, no distraction is possible. In the light of our experience, the proof of intentional application is most favorable when the infants are 5-6 months or 3-4 years old. The application threshold is at 40-50 dB SPL. The results gained by this measuring method are compared wtih sound threshold audiometric results gained 4-9 years after the first examination. Judging from the evaluation, we can see a good correlation of the measuring results obtained by sound orientation audiometry during the first examination with audiometric hearing loss values determined later. The correlation coefficient of the group examined is r = 0.77. The procedure is being discussed as to its value and is considered especially valuable because the whole auditory apparatus as far as the central auditory center is under control. This method is clinically appropriate without much expenditure and may be applied at any time. PMID- 7352924 TI - Transferred flavor aversions in adult rats. PMID- 7352925 TI - Escape deficits induced by uncontrollable stress: antagonism by dopamine and norepinephrine agonists. PMID- 7352926 TI - The temporal pattern of attachment behavior in the context of imprinting. PMID- 7352927 TI - Running task latencies in rats with superior colliculus lesions. PMID- 7352928 TI - Inhibition of cerebral protein synthesis: dissociation of nonspecific effects and amnesic effects. PMID- 7352929 TI - Evidence for the presence of receptors for C3 and IgG Fc on human synovial cells. AB - The presence of receptors for IgG Fc and fragments of C3 on primary cultures and cryostat sections of normal and rheumatoid synovial tissues was assessed. Significant proportions of large rounded cells with asteroid projections found in such cultures had receptors for both IgG Fc and fragments of C3. Moreover, Gram negative bacteria that had fixed complement, but not EAC, bound in a linear fashion on the superficial layers of synovial cryostat sections. On the basis of morphologic and histochemical criteria, the cultured cells bearing these receptors were tentatively determined to represent a subset of synovial lining cells. The possible role of such receptors on synovial lining cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis is discussed. PMID- 7352930 TI - Insulin resistance due to receptor antibodies: a complication of progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 7352931 TI - Sicca-like syndrome in type V hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 7352932 TI - Monosodium urate crystals in asymptomatic joints. PMID- 7352933 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus and Klinefelter's syndrome. PMID- 7352934 TI - Ribavirin use in humans. PMID- 7352935 TI - Sickled erythrocytes in synovial fluids. PMID- 7352936 TI - Simultaneous gout, pseudogout, and septic arthritis. PMID- 7352937 TI - Hypermobility in psoriatic spondylitis. PMID- 7352938 TI - Floppy head syndrome. PMID- 7352939 TI - Malnutrition does not ameliorate systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7352940 TI - Metabolic and secretory properties of peripheral and synovial granulocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The metabolic and secretory properties of peripheral and synovial granulocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis were investigated with serum- or immunoglobulin-treated zymosan as activators of cell metabolism. During isolation of the synovial cells precautions were taken to prevent in vitro phagocytosis of immune materials present in the synovial fluids. Oxygen uptake, extracellular release of lysosomal enzymes under resting and activated conditions, yield of the isolated granulocytes, and the granule enzyme content of peripheral and synovial cells did not differ significantly from those of peripheral granulocytes from healthy volunteers. In agreement with the biochemical results, intracellular inclusions could be detected in only a few synovial cells with a direct immunofluorescence technique. The possibility that formation of "ragocytes" may be an in vitro phenomenon is discussed. PMID- 7352941 TI - Natural killer funciton in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) demonstrated significantly less cytotoxicity against two different lymphoblastoid cell lines and one myeloid cell line than peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal individuals. Short-term culture and other attempts to remove interfering immune complexes failed to restore low natural killer (NK) function. Six day culture in fetal calf serum resulted in increased cytotoxicity by mononuclear cells from normal individuals and some SLE patients, but this effect was shown to be dependent on Fc-, not Fc+, effector cells. Suppressor cells were not demostrable as a cause for decreased NK activity. PMID- 7352942 TI - Correlative histologic and serologic findings of sicca syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We prospectively evaluated 24 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus for clinical, histologic, and serologic evidence of sicca syndrome. Abnormalties suggestive of sicca syndrome in patients with systemic lupus were identified by parotid scan (58%), questionnaire (54%), labial biopsy (50%), Schirmer's test (21%), and parotid flow rate (13%). An increased frequency of autoantibodies to gamma globulin and cellular antigen SS-A was detected in lupus patients with histologic changes on labial biopsy. The serologic findings are similar to those of patients with sicca syndrome alone with the exception of the reduced incidence of anti-SS-B in patients with systemic lupus. PMID- 7352943 TI - Therapeutic studies in New Zealand mice. VII. Successful androgen treatment of NZB/NZW F1 females of different ages. PMID- 7352944 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis: survival in men with and without radiotherapy. AB - We investigated survival of a group of 151 Canadian war veterans with ankylosing spondylitis who were entered into a prospective study in 1947-1949. With 94% successful followup, total survival was 60.9%, significantly less than expected. However, a subgroup who had not been treated with radiotherapy had a survival not significantly different from the general population. Causes of death in both irradiated and nonirradiated subgroups were determined. PMID- 7352945 TI - Adjuvant polyarthritis. IV. Induction by a synthetic adjuvant: immunologic, histopathologic, and other studies. AB - A solution of an apparently nonimmunogenic synthetic compound, N,N-dioctadecyl N',N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) propanediamine (CP-20961), suspended in mineral oil or olive oil (50 mg/ml), induced an acute, as well as a chronic, polyarthritis when single intradermal injections (0.2 ml) were made in the tail or hindpaw of Lewis rats. The polyarthritis was morphologically almost indistinguishable from classic adjuvant arthritis induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), a disease generally thought to be the result of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to a constituent(s) of the injected tubercle bacilli. The disease induced by CP-20961 and that induced by Freund's complete adjuvant followed the same time course and almost identical pattern of development of clinical and histopathologic features. Like the classic adjuvant arthritis, CP-20961 induced arthritis is suppressed by an immunosuppressive agent (cyclophosphamide) or an antiinflammatory drug (phenylbutazone). The alkyldiamine (CP-20961) was found to be a potent adjuvant; a dispersion or a solution of the compound in mineral oil administered intraperitoneally enhanced the development of both the cell-mediated and the humoral immune responses to EL4 cells in the rat. These findings suggest that the immunogen responsible for the development of adjuvant arthritis is endogensou, e.g., a constituent of host tissue, a viral protein, or some complex of the two. PMID- 7352946 TI - Synovial origins of Rice bodies in joint fluid. AB - Rice bodies and synovia obtained from knee joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients were solubilized by limited pepsin treatment. The quantity of each type of collagen in both tissues was determined by differential salt precipitation, cyanogen bromide peptide analysis, and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Rice bodies and synovial membrane contained equal proportions of Type I and III collagens with trace amounts of Type "A-B" collagen. PMID- 7352947 TI - Rat hepatic xanthine oxidase activity: age and sex specific differences. AB - The effect of maturation, castration, and sex hormonal treatment on hepatic xanthine oxidase activity (XOA) was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats. In mature rats XOA was 59% greater in males than in females, whereas in the immature animal the differences between sexes were insignificant. Pubescence resulted in a twofold increase in activity in the male which was prevented by prepubertal orchiectomy. Conversely, prepubertal oophorectomy caused a twofold increase in XOA in females. Urinary uric acid excretion paralleled XOA in rats fed 1% oxonic acid. XOA was significantly elevated in females after postpubertal castration or testosterone treatment while orchiectomy or estradiol-17 beta treatment in the mature male showed no effect. In summary, these data suggest that androgens are required during puberty for full expression of hepatic XOA, and furthermore, an ovarian suppressive effect is evident. In the adult rat only the female responds appreciably to hormonal manipulation. PMID- 7352948 TI - Marked suppression by salicylate of the augmented proteoglycan synthesis in osteoarthritic cartilage. AB - In osteoarthritis a net increase in proteoglycan synthesis has been noted until the disease is far advanced and presumably reflects an attempt by the chondrocyte to repair the defect in the cartilage matrix. Because salicylates are the agents most commonly employed in treatment of osteoarthritis and because we recently showed that 10(-3) M sodium salicylate (i.e., approximately 20 mg%) suppresses proteoglycan synthesis in normal canine knee cartilage in vitro, we have studied the effects of this compound on osteoarthritis knee cartilage from dogs whose anterior cruciate ligament had been transected 9 weeks previously. The data indicated that the augmented synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in the degenerating cartilage was suppressed to a much greater degree by 10(-3) M sodium salicylate than the lower level of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in control cartilage from the contralateral knee of the same animal. Uptake of 14C-acetylsalicylic acid was increased about 35% in osteoarthritic cartilage, suggesting that the drug permeated it more readily than normal cartilage. The salicylate-induced suppression of proteoglycan synthesis in the osteoarthritic cartilage was not accompanied by reversal of the defect in proteoglycan aggregation or by improvement in the (presumed) defect in proteoglycan-collagen interaction in the matrix, as reflected by the abnormally high proportion of 35S-proteoglycans present in the culture medium. PMID- 7352949 TI - Campylobacter arthritis. PMID- 7352950 TI - Metastatic carcinoma presenting as monarticular arthritis: a case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7352951 TI - Transfer of cholesterol esters between human high density lipoproteins and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins controlled by a plasma protein factor. AB - A protein factor from the d greater than 1.25 g/ml plasma fraction controls the transfer of cholesterol esters between high density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins. This transfer is time-dependent, and follows saturation kinetics relative to the concentration ratio of acceptor to donor lipoproteins. Although the process is reversible, the transfer rates are faster from high density to very low density lipoproteins and result in a net increase of cholesterol esters in the very low density lipoproteins. Under the same conditions, there is also a net mass transfer of cholesterol esters from high density lipoproteins to chylomicrons. This constitutes the first demonstration of cholesterol ester mass transfer between isolated lipoproteins and contrasts with the equilibrium of cholesterol esters between HDL and LDL which we previously demonstrated [4]. The apparent maximum transfer rate of cholesterol esters from high density to very low density lipoproteins was calculated to be about 80 nmoles cholesterol esters/h/ml plasma, which is very similar to the initial rate of reaction of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase in plasma. It is concluded that cholesterol ester formation in high density lipoproteins and their transfer to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins may be closely coupled. PMID- 7352953 TI - Effects of dietary acetate and bicarbonate on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. AB - Chronic hemodialysis, using acetate-containing dialysate, may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis in uremic patients. To assess the effect of acetate on plasma lipid levels and development of atherosclerosis, rabbits and rats were fed cholesterol-free semipurified atherogenic, Zn++-supplemented diets containing either 10% sodium acetate or sodium bicarbonate. Rabbit plasma cholesterol gradually increased during the 8-month study (58--485 mg/100 ml) but there was no significant difference between the acetate-fed and control groups. After 8 months, all rabbits had some degree of aortic intimal change. The changes involved a mean of 10% of the total aortic area. This involvement is much smaller than those previously reported and there was no significant difference between the acetate-fed rabbits and the control groups. Rabbit mortality was low (25%) and the mean weight increased from 1.7 to 2.7 kg. It is concluded that dietary acetate does not affect the rate and degree of development of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, supplemental dietary Zn++ may have been responsible for the low rabbit mortality rate, weight gain and possibly the retarded development of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7352952 TI - Cortisol decreases the synthesis of hyaluronic acid by human aortic smooth muscle cells in culture. AB - The effect of cortisol on the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was studied in cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells. Cortisol, at a level slightly exceeding the physiological concentration (10(-6) M), decreased the synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA) by 50% but had no significant effect on the synthesis of sulphated GAGs. The ratio of HA to sulphated GAGs decreased by 47%. These effects were most marked in the fraction secreted into the culture medium. Cortisol neither affected the activity of the hyaluronic acid synthesizing enzyme complex in a cell-free system nor the molecular weight distribution of hyaluronic acid. We suggest that the atherogenity of cortisol and stress may be associated with their effect on the synthesis of HA by the smooth muscle cells of the arterial wall. PMID- 7352954 TI - Histology of normal aortas in non-human primates with emphasis on diffuse intimal thickening (DIT). AB - Little information is available on the histology of the normal aorta in non-human primates, despite their extensive use in atherosclerosis research. This paper consists of a detailed histologic description of normal aortas from 28 non-human primates, including 20 species. Medial and adventitial coats were essentially normal in all animals, and the former were composed of lamellar units similar in structure to those described in detail by other investigators. Intimal thickenings were present in 24 of the 28 individuals. These thickenings were similar in morphology to those of diffuse intimal thickening (DIT) in humans and other animals, and were more prevalent in older animals and in larger animals. The thickenings were not more prevalent or more pronounced in any particular region of the aorta, and their distribution did not provide a clue as to their etiology. Findings suggested that the thickenings underwent recognizable states of growth and maturation, and that growth was accomplished by the addition of smooth muscle cells at the intimomedial junction. PMID- 7352955 TI - The effect of vitamin C on blood lipids, fibrinolytic activity and platelet adhesiveness in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Forty patients with past history myocardial infarction were divided into three groups. Group I served as controls, while Groups II and III were given respectively, 1 g and 2 g vitamin C daily, divided in two doses. Samples were collected initially, and then every 2 months during the 6-month period of vitamin C administration and finally 2 months after stopping vitamin C. Vitamin C, 0.5 g twice daily (Group II), increased serum ascorbic acid by about 22% (P less than 0.05). However, no significant changes were observed in fibrinolytic activity or blood lipids. When the dose of vitamin C was doubled, serum ascorbic acid increased by about 96% and fibrinolytic activity increased by 45% (P less than 0.01), while the platelet adhesive index decreased by 27% (P less than 0.01). The serum cholesterol level dropped by 12% (P less than 0.05) and a significant decrease in serum beta lipoproteins and an increase in the alpha fraction was also seen. A further 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction were divided into two groups; one received 2 g vitamin C daily for the first 20 days and the other received a placebo. Blood samples were collected every 10th day during the 40-day follow up. Vitamin C administration increased fibrinolytic activity by 62.5%, while serum ascorbic acid rose by 94%. PMID- 7352957 TI - [Prognosis of respiratory arrest in children: apropos of 14 recovered children]. AB - An analysis of 14 children from 1 month to 6 years of age who had respiratory arrest secondary to different causes, is presented. All patients except one, had also cardiac arrest at the same time. Main causes of respiratory arrest were neurological diseases and intoxications. A retrospective analysis on medical and ventilation support and management is presented. Evaluation of neurological status with developmental screening test of Denver, W.I.S.C. and Gessel was made and neurological deficit was detected only in two cases. PMID- 7352956 TI - Calcification by proteolipid from atherosclerotic aorta. AB - Calcified atherosclerotic aorta was examined for proteolipid capable of nucleating apatite, the crystal species of aortic calcification. Appropriate tissue pieces were decalcified with dilute formic acid and extracted with chloroform-methanol. Lipid fractionation yielded proteolipid which, upon incubation in metastable calcium phosphate solution, induced apatite crystallization. The proteolipid was partially characterized as a hydrophobic protein, acidic phospholipid complex. It resembles the nucleator previously demonstrated for bone matrix calcification. PMID- 7352958 TI - [Congenital syphilis, intrauterine radiologic diagnosis]. AB - The present work includes six cases of congenital syphilis that were diagnosed radiologically before birth in patients with positive syphilitic reactions who had not been given treatment during gestation. The x-ray diagnosis was mainly based on lesions of diaphyses and metaphyses of the long bones of the fetal skeleton that were identified in lateral projection of x-ray plates of the maternal abdomen. In all cases reported, x-ray plates were taken in the immediate post-partum period with confirmation of the bony lesions and at the same time, of the laboratory tests including blood picture and liver function test in 5 cases. Autopsy was practiced in one case. PMID- 7352959 TI - [Cardiac index, oxygen and serum lactate consumption in infants with hypovolemic and septic shock]. AB - Determination was made of cardiac output (using the stain dilution technique), gases in blood and serum lactate levels in eight infants with hypovolemic shock and sixteen with septic shock. The data were carried to indexes (values per square meter of body surface). In children with hypovolemic shock the cardiac index was 1.88 +/- 0.031/min/m,2 while in septic patients it was 4.02 +/- 1.011/min/m2. The peripheral resistances were 3,079 din/min/cm.5 in hypovolemic cases and 907 din/min in the septic. In both groups serum lactante levels rised close to 4 mM 61. Oxigen consumption was found low in hypovolemic patients and slightly high in the septic. It is concluded that our data are similar to those reported in similar studies in adults and hypodynamic shock is shown in hypovolemic patients, while hyperdynamic shock appears in septic cases. PMID- 7352960 TI - [Edema, a manifestation of digestive tract disease]. AB - The development of generalized edema is the consequence of a decreased level of proteins in the plasma, due to a deficient intake or exaggerated loss. The gastrointestinal system may cause this deficiency at three different levels. We report three clinical cases of protein losing enteropathy at different locations, such as: giant hypertrophy of the gastric mucosa, intestinal lymphangiectasia and Crohn's disease. In each case we tried to demonstrate the sites that could mainly be affected in the gastrointestinal system and taking into consideration that these are rare entities, we made a brief description of them. PMID- 7352961 TI - [Van der Woude's syndrome]. AB - Seven males and seven females from three different families with the syndrome of cleft lip--palate and congenital lower--lip pits, also called van der Wound's are described. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance was compatible in the three families. The incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity of the syndrome are analyzed and some aspects of genetic counseling are discussed on the basis of empirical recurrence risks already established for this disorder. PMID- 7352962 TI - [Multicystic kidney in the newborn]. AB - Fourteen cases of multicystic kidney were identified out of 153,825 births through five and a half years at the "Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto" hospital in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. The etiopathogenesis and heredity in this disease are not clear. An early diagnosis is possible following a careful abdominal examination. The left kidney is the one most frequently involved. The excretory urography only shows renal exclusion of the affected side; when the disease is of only one side there is good excretion of the opaque medium by the contralateral kidney. The kidney is substituted by an irregular mass made up of multiple cysts losing the aspects of a normal kidney. Microscopically, its architecture is completely lost and there is replacement by cysts and some occasional hypoplastic glomeruli. If the opposite kidney is not affected, the prognosis is good. Nephrectomy must be done. Differential diagnosis must be made with hydronephrosis, nephroblastoma and thrombosis of the renal vein. PMID- 7352963 TI - [Cause of arthritis in childhood. Relation to age, sex and affected joints]. AB - In a retrospective study (1963--1976) out of 514 children with the general diagnosis of arthritis, the diagnoses most frequently established were; pyogenic arthritis (45.9%), rheumatic fever (18.7%) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (17%). Less frequent were tuberculous arthritis (5.8%), systemic lupus erythematosus (3.9%), hemophilic hemarthrosis (2.1%), and other connective tissue diseases (1.5%). Age of onset was significantly lower in patients with pyogenic arthritis. Pyogenic, tuberculous and hemophilic arthritis in most cases were characterized by large joint monoarthritis. Acute polyarthritis was common in rheumatic fever. Chronic polyarthritis was a frequent feature in the other cases. It is concluded that age of onset, number and site of affected joints, as well as evolution time may be useful in the diagnosis. PMID- 7352964 TI - [Health problems in preschool age children that can interfere with learning]. PMID- 7352965 TI - [Clinical diagnosis of dyslexia]. AB - In 5 years of experience at the Instituto Nacional de la Comunicacion Humana, 302 clinical histories showed the diagnosis of dyslexia. The following parameters were studied: age, sex, heredofamilial history, gestation, psychomotor development, clinical picture, examination of the language (type, reading, spontaneous writing, dictation, mathematic concepts), laterality, scholarship, scholar failures, psychological study. The following results were obtained: Dyslexia was more important or frequent between 5 to 8.9 years of age. Males predominated 3:1. The heredofamilial history was important. Dyslexia prevailed in products of the first gestations. A high disturbance was found in the psychomotor development of a large percent of dyslexic patients. Examination of language was also important. Dyslexia was more frequent in right-handed patients. Scholar failures in one or more instances were found. The psychological study must be done. If dyslexia is diagnosed on time, it may be prevented and all unwanted sequelae may be avoided. PMID- 7352966 TI - [Human colostrum in the prevention of diarrhea and necrotizing enterocolitis]. AB - The effect of human colostrum in the prevention of diarrhea and necrotizing enterocolitis, as well as the advantages of its use in gastroenteritis, was studied in 71 premature newborns. The frequency of diarrhea and enterocolitis in 16 healthy newborns who were given human colostrum (group II), was less than in the 22 healthy newborns who received only cows milk (group I), but without statistical significance. In 25 infants with diarrhea who were given human colostrum, the frequency of enterocolitis and sepsis (group IV) was less than in the 8 infants with diarrhea who didn't receive human colostrum (group III). At the end we suggest that human colostrum should be given in high risk infants in order to decrease the frequency of diarrhea and enterocolitis and we also make some recommendation as to how to obtain and store human colostrum. PMID- 7352967 TI - [Ultrastructure of the hepatocyte during hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy]. AB - A batch of 45 male Wistar rats, weighing 180 to 325 grams, were used in the experiment. Partial hepatectomy was practiced to them and liver biopsies taken at different periods of times: 0 (control) 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours and 45 days. The biopsies were examined at the electron microscope. During liver regeneration, a sequence of morphological changes was detected, having started with an important decrease of cytoplasmic particles, increase of lipids and laminar bodies like myelin. After 24 hours, preparatory changes for cellular regeneration were observed prior to full regeneration which was reached later. PMID- 7352968 TI - [Acute abdominal complications of ventriculoperitoneal shunts]. AB - A review of critical abdominal complications is made in 150 patients operated on for hydrocephalus in the surgical and neurosurgical services of the Hospital Infantil Legaria through the years 1975--1976. We found 3 colonic perforations (cecum, transverse and rectum), one abdominal perforation, one through the umbilicus, one in vagina, 1 case of plastic peritonitis and two with ascitis. In the majority of cases, such complications were satisfactorily solved; sometimes by extraction of the derivative systems, and some others by primary closure of the lesions. We only had one death. In a larger percentage, other complications were observed, being in order of frequency the following: distal catheter obstruction, proximal obstruction, infection and abdominal wall cysts. We analysed the association with spina bifida (meningocele o myelomeningocele), frequency related to age, sex, etiology and type of shunt. We reviewed the literature and suggest general measures tending to avoid such complications. PMID- 7352969 TI - [Diaphragmatic and Erb-Duchenne's paralysis: an infrequent obstetric trauma]. AB - The authors report a case of brachial paralysis and paralysis of the right hemidiaphragm which followed a favorable course. Comments are made on the symptomatology and course of the disease. PMID- 7352970 TI - [Tumor of the thymus in a five month old infant]. AB - A case of respiratory insufficiency in a five-month-old infant is reported. The distress was caused by a tumor of the anterior mediastinum. At the operation, it was found that the tumor originated in the right lobe of the thymus. The mass was totally resected and the pathologic study reported thymic tumorous mass compatible with thyoma. The patient followed an uneventful course. PMID- 7352971 TI - Mechanism and kinetics of transfer of a fluorescent fatty acid between single walled phosphatidylcholine vesicles. PMID- 7352972 TI - Dermasterias imbricata trypsin 1: an enzyme which rapidly hydrolyzes the reactive site peptide bonds of protein trypsin inhibitors. PMID- 7352973 TI - Preparation and some biochemical properties of neoglycoproteins produced by reductive amination of thioglycosides containing an omega-aldehydoaglycon. PMID- 7352974 TI - Biosynthesis of interstitial types of collagen by albumin-producing rat liver parenchymal cell (hepatocyte) clones in culture. AB - We have analyzed collagenous components produced by an albumin-producing rat liver parenchymal cell clone (BB) in culture. The cells secreted over 90% of the [3H]proline-labeled collagenous components into the medium after 18 h of incubation in vitro. Analysis of the components by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gell electrophoresis and by carboxymethylcellulose chromatography of cyanogen bromide peptides after separation of individual collagen chains showed that the cells produced type I, type I trimer, and type II collagens in the ration 59:29:4. These components account for over 90% of the collagen isolated. Type I and type I trimer collagens were present in both the medium and cell layer fractions, but type III collagen was found solely in the medium. The cells also produced other minor collagenous components, one of which was quite similar to type V collagen. Analysis of collagen components produced by another liver parenchymal cell clone (BC) and by three subclones derived from BB cells showed that these cloned cells synthesized similar types of collagen. These results support the idea that parenchymal cells play an essential role in the heaptic connective tissue metabolism under normal and pathological conditions. PMID- 7352975 TI - Inhibition of cell-free messenger ribonucleic acid translation by 7 methylguanosine 5'-triphosphate: effect of messenger ribonucleic acid concentration. PMID- 7352976 TI - Magnetic osmometry: association of two peptic fragments from bovine serum albumin at micromolar concentrations. PMID- 7352977 TI - Evidence for metastability in stearoylsphingomyelin bilayers. AB - The physical properties of aqueous stearoylsphingomyelin dispersions have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. These studies indicate that the thermodynamically most stable gel state of this sphingomyelin is more highly ordered than the corresponding form of other phospholipids. This gel undergoes a transition to a liquid crystalline conformation at 57 degrees C which is not rapidly reversible. Instead, the liquid-crystalline sphingomyelin supercools below 57 degrees C until a metastable gel is formed at 44 degrees C. The metastable gel slowly converts to the more highly ordered gel phase in an exothermic process at room temperature. The presence of various lipophilic substances enhances the stability of the metastable gel relative to the highly ordered form. PMID- 7352978 TI - Calcium- and magnesium-dependent conformational states of calmodulin as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. PMID- 7352979 TI - Molecular topography of the phycocyanin photoreceptor from Chroomonas species. PMID- 7352980 TI - Binding of thyroid hormones and analogues to the human plasma protein prealbumin. PMID- 7352981 TI - Inhibition of progesterone receptor activation by sodium molybdate. PMID- 7352982 TI - Estimation of the lateral distribution of molecules in two-component lipid bilayers. AB - A new formalism to investigate the lateral distribution of molecules in lipid bilayers has been developed, and the results have been applied to the case of phosphatidylcholine mixtures. It is demonstrated that the experimental phase diagrams for these mixtures can provide the necessary information to generate computer-simulated bilayers with the desired molecular interactions and lattice constraints. Analysis of these computer-generated bilayers allows calculation of the number of contacts between like and unlike molecules, the average size and number of compositional clusters, and the pair correlation functions. The results of this analysis provide a full quantitative description of the molecular organization of phosphatidylcholine within the plane of the bilayer. PMID- 7352983 TI - Comparisons of ring-current shifts calculated from the crystal structure of egg white lysozyme of hen with the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of lysozyme in solution. AB - Detailed ring-current calculations with some consideration for protein flexibility are described for egg white lysozyme of hen. These are based on 15 sets of crystal coordinates of lysozyme and over 60 assigned resonances in the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of lysozyme. These analyses evaluate two basic assumptions: that the refined protein crystal structure is similar to the protein structure in solution and that the present ring-current theories in application to the aromatic amino acids offer a good description of the observed shifts in the protein NMR spectrum. The dipolar, Johnson-Bovey, and Haigh-Mallion equations are tested. The conventional ring-current intensity factors for the tyrosine and phenylalanine rings of 0.94 and 1.00 are found to be satisfactory, but those for the tryptophan ring need to be increased. With this, ring-current effects offer good explanations for the chemical shifts of the aliphatic and aromatic protons in lysozyme for which the NMR signals have to date been resolved and assigned. Ring-current effects do not, however, explain directly the shifts of the six tryptophan N-H protons nor those of the alpha protons. Applications of these calculations are described to compare the tetragonal and triclinic forms of native lysozyme, to propose several assignments of 1H NMR signals in the spectrum of lysozyme, and to analyze some of the conformational changes which occur on the binding of Gd(III) and GlcNAc sugars to lysozyme. The uses and limitations of the calculations for protein NMR are briefly discussed. PMID- 7352984 TI - Proton magnetic resonance study of p-mercuribenzoate binding and structural changes in methemoglobin. AB - Interaction of human adult methemoglobin with p-mercuribenzoate (pMB) was examined at 21 degrees C by monitoring the hyperfine-shifted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of several high- and low-spin derivatives. The NMR spectra show that the heme methyl proton resonances from the beta subunits in methemoglobin were selectively affected by the binding of pMB regardless of whether the heme iron was saturated with high-spin or low-spin ligand. This observation suggests that the binding of pMB to methemoglobin induces a localized tertiary structural change around the beta heme, leaving the alpha heme unaffected. The structural change of the beta subunit was correlated with an increase in the high-spin character of the beta heme iron. A model study of the azide-methemoglobin complex suggested that the increase of the high-spin character of the beta heme iron is due to a conformational change of the proximal histidine which weakens the interaction between the heme iron and the proximal base. A similar and more pronounced spectral change due to binding of pMB was observed for the isolated beta subunit. The NMR spectral change in the isolated beta subunit also suggests that the binding of pMB to methemoglobin induces a localized conformational change within the beta subunit. PMID- 7352985 TI - Immunochemical isolation and electrophoretic characterization of precursor prothrombins in H-35 rat hepatoma cells. PMID- 7352986 TI - High molecular weight factor V of bovine and human plasma. PMID- 7352987 TI - Nuclear envelope of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Re-formation of the nuclear envelope following mitosis. AB - We have developed a technique for isolating nuclei and nuclear envelope(s) (NE) from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells which does not depend on the use of detergents to solubilize contaminating cytoplasm. In our procedure NE are prepared from purified nuclei by nuclease digestion and subsequent high salt sucrose gradient centrifugation. The nuclei and NE fractions are free of significant contamination by other subcellular organelles as judged by electron microscopy and enzyme analysis. Examination of the peptide and glycopeptide composition of the NE fraction by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals a very complex coomassie blue staining profile with prominent bands in the 55 000-75 000 molecular weight range. Using this NE isolation technique, we have examined the breakdown and re-formation of the NE during a limited stage (late G2, M, and early G1) of the replicative cycle in synchronized populations of CHO cells. Our data demonstrate that a minimum of 60% of the early G1 NE protein and a minimum of 50% of the early G1 NE phospholipid were present in the cell during the preceding G2 phase of the cell cycle and were reutilized in the re-formation of the NE occurring during late M and early G1. Our evidence suggests that the vast majority of the newly synthesized peptides and glycopeptides of the NE which appear in the daughter NE are synthesized during the early G1 phase of the replicative cycle. Examination of the NE peptides by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis suggests that no reproducible changes in NE peptide composition can be correlated with specific phases of the cell cycle. PMID- 7352988 TI - Defective poly(adenosine diphosphoribose) synthesis in xeroderma pigmentosum. PMID- 7352989 TI - Characterization of distinct 5'-terminal cap structures of adenovirus type 2 early messenger ribonucleic acid and KB cell messenger ribonucleic acid. PMID- 7352990 TI - Isolation, physicochemical properties, and macromolecular composition of zona pellucida from porcine oocytes. AB - Oocytes released en masse from pig ovaries were isolated in large quantities by using sieving techniques. The isolated oocytes were gently homogenized, and the largely intact zona pellucida "ghosts" were purified by using sieving techniques. Sufficient amounts of zonae were recovered to permit, for the first time, adequate characterization of the zona pellucida in chemical, physical, and macromolecular terms. The isolated zonae were greater than 93% pure as determined by chemical, enzymatic, and microscopic criteria. The zonae were completely solubilized by a variety of conditions that do not break covalent bonds. The extent of solubilization was a function of pH, ionic strength, temperature, and the presence of various solubilizing agents such as detergents and urea. Chemically, the zonae were composed predominantly of protein (71%) and carbohydrate (19%). After acid hydrolysis of the zonae, no unusual amounts or types of amino acids were detected. The monosaccharides present after hydrolysis were those typically found in animal glycoproteins (Fuc, Man, Gal, GalNAc, and GlcNAc). Sialic acid in glycosidic linkage and sulfate and phosphate esters were present and were considered to be true constituents of the zona pellucida. Other substances detected, but considered contaminants rather than true constituents, included fatty acids (esterified and free) and uronic acids. The binding by several fluorescein-conjugated plant lectins to the in situ zona pellucida was determined by using light microscopy. The binding of the lectins to the zona pellucida was not uniform, indicating that the carbohydrate moieties of the zona pellucida were asymmetrically distributed. The zona pellucida was composed of at least three macromolecules as indicated by immunodiffusion and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis experiments. Determination of the number of macromolecules composing the zona pellucida was compromised by the aggregation and/or microheterogeneity of its constituent macromolecules. We conclude that the zona pellucida is composed of several glycoprotein macromolecules; interaction of these macromolecules to form supramolecular complexes and the integral zona pellucida is dependent on noncovalent forces. PMID- 7352991 TI - Mechanism of action of milk lipoprotein lipase at substrate interfaces: effects of apolipoproteins. AB - The mechanism of action of bovine milk lipoprotein lipase was studied by using a monomolecular film of 1,2-didecanoylglycerol. The apparent rate of hydrolysis of diglyceride increased with increasing surface pressures above 12 mN/m; the enzyme was inactive at pressures less than 12 mN/m. We have measured the effects of four plasma apolipoproteins (apoC-II, apoC-III, apo-I, and apoE), bovine serum albumin, porcine pancreatic colipase, heparin, and NaCl on the kinetics of lipid hydrolysis. At a surface pressure of 15 mN/m, all of the proteins, with the exception of colipase, gave increased enzyme activity compared to lipase alone; apoC-II gave maximal activation. At 25 mN/m, apoC-II at concentrations of less than 0.25 microgram/mL showed a specific activation, whereas the other proteins had no effect. Heparin activated at both high and low surface pressures; NaCl had little or no effect in this system. At a higher concentration of apoC-II (0.50 microgram/mL), the apoprotein inhibited the enzyme. The addition of apoC-III, apoA-I, or apoE (final concentration 0.25 microgram/mL), but not albumin or colipase, to apoC-II (0.25 microgram/mL) caused an increase in surface pressure of 5-6 mN/m and an apparent rate which was less than half that found for lipase alone, suggesting that all of the apoproteins inhibit the apoC-II specific activation. PMID- 7352992 TI - Resonance Raman spectra of myoglobins reconstituted with spirographis and isospirographis hemes and iron 2,4-diformylprotoporphyrin IX. Effect of formyl substitution at the heme periphery. PMID- 7352993 TI - Partial characterization of undegraded oat phytochrome. AB - We characterized immunoaffinity-purified, undegraded oat (Avena sativa L., cv. Garry) phytochrome by several physicochemical techniques. Phytochrome, of greater than 98% purity [Hunt, R. E., & Pratt, L. H. (1979) Plant Physiol. 64, 332-336], existed in solution as a dimer of its 118 000-dalton monomers and had a full complement of the typical amino acids with about 35% nonpolar residues, 115 carboxylic acid groups per monomer, and an average of one phosphate per monomer. Although the dimer was not held together by disulfide bridges, each monomer contained three disulfide bonds and 14 reduced cysteines out of a total of 27 cysteine-half-cystine residues. Phytochrome preparations, although very pure, exhibited heterogeneity by discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which revealed three closely spaced bands, and by nondenaturing gel electrophoresis at pH 7.0, which revealed four bands. Amino terminal analysis indicated two residues, Lys and Ala. Manual Edman degradation yielded Leu and Ala after one round and Val and Leu after a second round. These data indicate a possible amino-terminal sequence of NH3-Lys-Ala-Leu-Val- with some monomers not having Lys. PMID- 7352994 TI - Control of membrane polar lipid composition in Acholeplasma laidlawii a by the extent of saturated fatty acid synthesis. AB - The low level of endogenous fatty acid synthesis in Acholeplasma laidlawii A strain EF22 was found to be caused by a deficiency of pantetheine in the lipid depleted growth medium. By supplementing the oleic acid-containing medium with increasing concentrations of pantethein, saturated fatty acid synthesis was stimulated (having an apparent Km of 5 microM for pantetheine) and the incorporation of endogenously synthesized fatty acids in membrane lipids increased markedly. Furthermore, carotenoid biosynthesis was stimulated. Exogenous palmitic acid was found to inhibit partially the endogenous fatty acid synthesis. A gradual stimulation of fatty acid synthesis was accompanied by a linear increase in the molar proportion between the two dominating membrane glucolipids, monoglucosyldiacylglycerol and diglucosyldiacylglycerol. The total amount of charged membrane lipids decreased upon increasing the degree of fatty acid saturation. These regulations are discussed in terms of membrane stability, and influence of membrane molecular ordering and surface charge density on lipid polar head group synthesis. PMID- 7352995 TI - Organisation of the proteins of the chromaffin granule membrane. AB - The organisation of the protein components of bovine chromaffin granules has been investigated by labelling or digesting intact granules or broken membranes with the following reagents: lactoperoxidase/Na125I as a reagent for tyrosine residues, N-(iodoacetylaminoethyl)-5-naphthylamine-1-sulphonic acid as a reagent for cysteine residues, pronase, and galactose oxidase/KB3H4. Following treatment, membranes were purified and washed and proteins were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Rather more than 60 bands were resoved, of which about 40 were relatively intense and reproducible. The bands were classified according to their molecular weights and sensitivity to reagents. Penetration of the membranes by the reagents was assessed by examination of intragranular porteins. The majority of chromaffin granule membrane polypeptides became labelled when intact granules were treated with impermeant reagents. Eleven were probably protected in the intact granules, reactive sites becoming exposed only on membrane lysis. By contrast, carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins appear to be exposed only on the matrix side of the membrane. Two proteins were shown to span the membrane, although this is probably an underestimate. PMID- 7352996 TI - Interaction of bovine brain phospholipid exchange protein with liposomes of different lipid composition. AB - The major phospholipid exchange protein from bovine brain catalyzes the transfer of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine between rat liver microsomes and sonicated liposomes. The effect of liposomal lipid composition on the transfer of these phospholipids has been investigated. Standard liposomes contained phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidic acid (98 : 2, mol%); in general, phosphatidylcholine was substituted by various positively charged, negatively charged, or zwitterionic lipids. The transfer of phosphatidylinositol was essentially unaffected by the incorporation into liposomes of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, or phosphatidylglycerol (5--20 mol%) but strongly depressed by the incorporation of stearylamine (10--40 mol%). Marked stimulation (2--4 fold) of transfer activity was observed into liposomes containing phosphatidylethanolamine (2--40 mol%). The inclusion of sphingomyelin in the acceptor liposomes gave mixed results: stimulation at low levels (2--10 mol%) and inhibition at higher levels (up to 40 mol%). Cholesterol slightly diminished transfer activity at a liposome cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio of 0.81. Similar effects were noted for the transfer to phospholipidcholine from microsomes to these various liposomes. Compared to standard liposomes, the magnitude of Km tended to increase for liposomes which depressed phospholipid transfer and to decrease for those which stimulated; little change was observed in the values of V. Single phospholipid liposomes of phosphatidylinositol were inhibitory when added to standard liposomes. Because bovine brain phospholipid exchange protein is able to distinguish among a wide spectrum of membrane interfaces, taking into account variations in the polar head groups as well as the fatty acyl moieties of the liposomal phospholipids, it may be considered a reasonable model system for protein-lipid and protein-membrane interactions. PMID- 7352997 TI - Reversible trifluoroacetic acid-induced conformational changes in glycophorin A as detected by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - High-field (270 MHz) 1H-NMR has been employed to study the solution conformation of glycophorin A, a sialoglycoprotein which spans the human erythrocyte membrane. Glycophorin A is one of the most fully characterized integral membrane proteins known, making it an excellent model for the study of membrane-bound proteins. This protein consists of three distinct domains: a glycosylated extracellular N terminus, a hydrophobic intramembranous segment, and a polar cytoplasmic C terminus. These domains contain aromatic residues which serve as convenient 1H NMR conformational probes. The aromatic region of the NMR spectrum of glycophorin A in 2H2O shows single, well-resolved His and Tyr resonances. No resonances are observed, however, for the Phe residues which are located in or near the hydrophobic domain. These observations suggest that considerable heterogeneity with respect to segmental motions exists within the protein. This is consistent with circular dichroism data showing the intramembranous segment to be completely helical with the extremities of the protein being predominantly random coils. The helix of the hydrophrobic domain is remarkably resistant to conventional denaturing conditions including variations in pH, and temperature, and treatment with guanidine hydrochloride. However, in trifluoroacetic acid, which strongly solvates peptide backbones, there is extensive reversible unfolding of the helical structure as evidenced by the appearance of Phe resonances. Solvent titration experiments indicate that approximately a 1 : 1 volume ratio of trifluoroacetic acid to 2H2O is required to initiate unfolding of the helix. PMID- 7352998 TI - Selective release of non-electrolytes from liposomes upon perturbation of bilayers by temperature change or polyene antibiotics. AB - A new system for assaying the permeability characteristics of liposomes was established using Amicon cells equipped with a membrane filter (pore size, 0.3 micrometer). In this system, damage of liposomes during the assay procedure was negligible. Changes in permeability to non-electrolytes, such as glucose (Mr 180), sucrose (Mr 342), inulin (Mr 5000) and dextran (Mr 75000), induced by perturbation of the bilayers were examined with this system. The following results were obtained on the barrier properties of multilamellar liposomes modified by various treatments. 1. Amphotericin B and nystatin did not cause any change in permeability to glucose of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine liposomes prepared in physiological saline and containing trace amounts of radioactive markers in their aqueous compartments. Both antibiotics, however, induced nonspecific release of glucose, sucrose, inulin and dextran from liposomes that contained 0.3 M glucose in their aqueous compartments. These antibiotics first seem to form pores through which small ions can permeate; Na+ and Cl- can enter the liposomes through these pores, whereas glucose in the liposomes cannot pass out. As a result, the liposomes become swollen with consequent severe disruption of their membranes. 2. Filipin and digitonin disrupted the membrane structures, resulting in release of large molecules such as dextran even in the absence of an osmotic mechanism. 3. Perturbation of the phase equilibrium by temperature change resulted in formation of 'pores'. The penetration of cations and anions through these 'pores' was apparently much faster than that of glucose, since when liposomes swollen in 0.3 M glucose were incubated in salt solution they were disrupted by an osmotic mechanism releasing not only glucose but also dextran. Most of the 'pores' were not large enough to allow passage of large non electrolytes, such as inulin and dextran, since no appreciable amounts of these markers were released from liposomes under conditions where there should be no osmotic gradient. 4. At a temperature well above the phase transition temperature, egg yolk phosphatidylcholine liposomes exhibited specific release of glucose. This process did not involve an osmotic gradient, indicating that it was mainly due to diffusion of the solutes through the bilayers. PMID- 7352999 TI - Chloride-bicarbonate exchange in the urinary bladder of the turtle. Independence from sodium ion. AB - The rates of Cl- absorption and HCO3- secretion were not different in turtle urinary bladders bathed in Na+-free solutions. These results in turtle bladder are inconsistent with Na+-anion cotransport but can be accounted for by a Cl /HCO3- exchange system. PMID- 7353000 TI - Pentobarbital sodium inhibits calcium uptake in vascular smooth muscle. AB - This report demonstrates that the commonly used anesthetic agent, pentobarbital sodium, in concentrations of 1 . 10(-4) to 2 . 10(-3) M inhibits calcium (Ca2+) uptake in both rat aortic and portal venous smooth muscle. The data indicate that total exchangeable Ca2+ in portal vein is reduced by about 15% in 1 . 10(-4) M pentobarbital sodium, while the intracellular exchangeable Ca2+ is reduced by 24%. On the other hand, in aortic smooth muscle, while 5--20 . 10(-4) M pentobarbital sodium reduces total exchangeable Ca2+ by about 15%, intracellular Ca2+ is reduced by 22% in 5 . 10(-4) M pentobarbital sodium and by 38% in 2 . 10( 3) M pentobarbital sodium. The present studies thus reveal that concentrations of pentobarbital sodium known to be present during induction of surgical anesthesia can exert significant inhibitory effects on exchangeability and transmembrane movement of Ca2+ in at least two different types of blood vessels. PMID- 7353001 TI - Preservation of bilayer structure in human erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts after phospholipase treatment. A 31P-NMR study. AB - 1. Fresh human erythrocytes were treated with lytic and non-lytic combinations of phospholipases A2, C and sphingomyelinase. The 31P-NMR spectra of ghosts derived from such erythrocytes show that, in all cases, the residual phospholipids and lysophospholipids remain organized in a bilayer configuration. 2. A bilayer configuration of the (lyso)phospholipids was also observed after treatment of erythrocyte ghosts with various phospholipases even in the case that 98% of the phospholipid was converted into lysophospholipid (72%) and ceramides (26%). 3. A slightly decreased order of the phosphate group of phospholipid molecules, seen as reduced effective chemical shift anisotropy in the 31P-NMR spectra, was found following the formation of diacyglycerols and ceramides in the membrane of intact erythrocytes. Treatment of ghosts always resulted in an extensive decrease in the order of the phosphate groups. 4. The results allow the following conclusions to made: a. Hydrolysis of phospholipids in intact red cells and ghosts does not result in the formation of non-bilayer configuration of residual phospholipids and lysophospholipids. b. Haemolysis, which is obtained by subsequent treatment of intact cells with sphingomyelinase and phospholipase A2, or with phospholipase C, cannot be ascribed to the formation of non-bilayer configuration of phosphate containing lipids. c. Preservation of bilayer structure, even after hydrolysis of all phospholipid, shows that other membrane constitutents, e.g. cholesterol and/or membrane proteins play an important role in stabilizing the structure of the erythrocyte membrane. d. A major prerequisite for the application of phospholipases in lipid localization studies, the preservation of a bilayer configuration during phospholipid hydrolysis, is met for the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7353002 TI - The erythrocyte membranes in beta-thalassemia. Lower sialic acid levels in glycophorin. AB - The sialic acids content of glycophorin of thalassemic erythrocyte membranes is about 25% lower than in glycophorin of normal erythrocyte membranes. Glycophorin extracted from old thalassemic erythrocytes separated by density centrifugation, has about half the sialic acids content found in glycophorin extracted from young thalassemic erythrocytes. Possible sialidase activty was sought in the plasma and erythrocyte membranes of thalassemic erythrocytes. No increased sialidase activity was detected in the plasma of the patients as compared to that of normal donors. Thus, other sites for sialidase activity, or other possibilities have to be explored to account for the increased sialic acid hydrolysis of glycophorin of the thalassemic erythrocytes. PMID- 7353004 TI - Liposome filtration. Dependence on transition temperature. AB - Liposomes formed by vortexing and passed through polycarbonate surface retention membranes showed appreciable differences in filtration behavior depending on the temperature of filtration relation relative to the liposome gel-liquid crystal transition temperature. Below transition, liposomes were filterable and size distributions could be determined; the cumulative volume distributions were log normal. Above transition, liposomes were not filterable: smaller liposomes were formed until a limiting size was reached. These results suggest that liquid crystal liposome size distributions cannot be determined by filtration. This filtration behavior is a physical property of liposomes, related to the gel liquid crystal transition, not previously reported. This property could be exploited as a new method for controlling liposome size distributions, but the implications for lipid membranes, including biological membranes, are general. PMID- 7353003 TI - Lateral and transversal diffusion and phase transitions in erythrocyte membranes. An excimer fluorescence study. AB - The lateral diffusion of the excimer-forming probe pyrene decanoic acid has been determined in erythrocyte membranes and in vesicles of the lipid extracts. The random walk of the probe molecules is characterized by their jump frequency, nu j, within the lipid matrix. At T = 35 degrees C a value of nu i = 1.6 . 10(8) s-1 is found in erythrocyte membranes. A somewhat slower mobility is determined in vesicles prepared from lipid extracts of the erythrocyte membrane. Depending on structure and change of the lipids we obtain jump frequencies between 0.8 . 10(8) s-1 and 1.5 . 10(8) s-1 at T - 35 degrees C. The results are compared with jump frequencies yielded in model membranes. The mobility of molecules perpendicular to the membrane surface (transversal diffusion) is investigated. Erythrocyte ghosts doped with pyrene phosphatidylcholine were mixed with undoped ghosts in order to study the exchange kinetics of the probe molecule. A fast transfer between the outer layers of the ghost cells tau 1/2 = 1.6 min at T = 37 degrees C) is found. The exchange process between the inner and the outer layer of one erythrocyte ghost (flip-flop process) following this fast transfer occurs with a half-life time value of t 1/2 = 100 min at T = 37 C. The application of excimer forming probes presumes a fluid state of the membrane. Therefore we investigated the phase transition behaviour using the excimer technique. Beside a thermotropic phase transition at T = 38 degrees C and T = 33 degrees C we observed an additional fluidity change at T = 38 degrees C in erythrocyte ghost. This transition is attached to a separation of the boundary lipid layer from the intrinsic proteins. No lipid phase transition is observed in liposomes from isolated extracts of the erythrocyte membrane with our methods. PMID- 7353005 TI - Sodium-dependent uptake of nitrate and urea by a marine diatom. AB - Uptake of nitrate and urea by Phaeodactylum tricornutum is shown to be a sodium dependent process inhibited by lithium or potassium. The half-saturation constant for sodium (KNa) was 2.6 mM for nitrate uptake and 71 mM for urea uptake. It is suggested that sodium dependent uptake mechanisms may be characteristic of marine plants. PMID- 7353006 TI - Lateral segregation of proteins induced by cholesterol in bacteriorhodopsin phospholipid vesicles. AB - Bacteriorhodopsin in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles is randomly distributed in the plane of the membrane and exhibits rotational diffusion above the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition. Incorporation of cholesterol results in loss of rotational mobility of bacteriorhodopsin, which on the basis of electron microscopy and CD measurements can be assigned to the formation of protein aggregates. It is concluded that bacteriorhodopsin is soluble in the fluid phosphatidylcholine phase but segregates when cholesterol is present in the lipid bilayer. PMID- 7353007 TI - Possible epithelial sodium channels visualized by freeze-fracture. AB - The coprodeum is a very efficient Na+-retaining epithelium. Coprodeum from birds on a high Na+ diet has virtually no ion transport, while an Amiloride-sensitive Na+ absorption of 10--12 mu equiv . cm-2 . h-1 is induced in the coprodeal epithelium from birds on a low Na+ diet. Both measurements of the Na+ influx and Na+-diffusion potentials across the luminal cell membrane have revealed a selective opening of this membrane to Na+ in birds on a low Na+ diet. Freeze fracture P faces of the luminal membrane in coprodea taken from birds on a low Na+ diet have rod-shaped particles, 100 x 240 A, in more than 20% of the principal cells. Rod-shaped particles appear in less than 1% of these cells in coprodea from high Na+-diet birds. Thus a low Na+ diet induces rod-shaped particles in the luminal cell membrane of the hen coprodeum. These new particles may function as Na+-channels mediating the increased Na+-influx across the apical cell membrane. PMID- 7353008 TI - Interaction of newly synthesized alpha-crystallin with isolated lens plasma membranes. AB - Translation of lens polyribosomes in a reticulocyte cell-free system results mainly in the synthesis of the water-soluble crystallins. After incubation of the translation products with isolated lens fiber plasma membranes, the newly synthesized alpha-crystallin interacts with this fraction and becomes water insoluble. Urea extraction of the reisolated plasma membranes shows that part of the polymeric alpha-crystallin, in particular the alpha A chains, becomes urea insoluble. When the membranes were isolated under conditions that stabilize complex formation with the cytoskeleton, only alpha A2 seems to interact with this complex. In contract, interaction with beta- and gamma-crystallin could not be observed. PMID- 7353009 TI - Complete purification of beta-bungarotoxin. Characterization of its action and that of tityustoxin on synaptosomal accumulation and release of acetylcholine. AB - beta-Bungarotoxin, a snake venom protein (molecular weight 21 000) that irreversibly blocks release of acetylcholine from nerve terminals, was purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography and isoelectric focussing. Sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions resolved two subunits of molecular weight 11 400 and 9000. In the presence of deoxycholate, it showed phospholipase activity which was activated by Ca2+ but not Sr2+.beta Bungarotoxin and tityustoxin, a polypeptide that prolongs the opening of sodium channels, inhibited choline accumulation by synaptosomes purified from rat cortex. Both toxins also induced release of acetylcholine which was maximal in the presence of Ca2+ and showed ED50 values of 5 . 10(8) and 10(6) M, respectively. Unlike tityustoxin, beta-bungarotoxin also induced release of choline and cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase from synaptosomes, with similar potency, suggesting that it causes some membrane disruption, following its binding to the membrane. The effects of tityustoxin on both accumulation and release were antagonised by tetrodotoxin, which specifically blocks Na+ channels, indicating that it mediates these effects by depolarization. Thus, these toxins may prove to be useful probes for characterisation of nerve membrane components involved in triggering transmitter release. PMID- 7353010 TI - Time-dependent changes of calcium influx and efflux rates in rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Unfractionated and low buoyant density sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles released calcium spontaneously after ATP- or acetyl phosphate-supported calcium uptake when internal Ca2+ was stabilized by the use of 50 mM phosphate as calcium precipitating anion. This spontaneous calcium release could not be attributed to falling Ca2+ concentration outside the vesicles (Ca02+), substrate depletion, ADP accumulation, nonspecific membrane deterioration of the attainment of a high vesicular calcium content. Instead, spontaneous calcium release was directly proportional to Ca02+ at the time that calcium content was maximal. A causal relationship between high Ca02+ and spontaneous calcium release was suggested by the finding that elevation of Ca02+ from less than 1 microM to 3--5 microM increased the rate and extent of calcium release. The spontaneous calcium release was due both to acceleration of calcium efflux and slowing of calcium influx that was not accompanied by a significant change in the rate of ATP hydrolysis. Neither reversal of the transmembrane KCl gradient nor incubation with cation and proton ionophores abolished the spontaneous calcium release. The persistence of calcium release under conditions where the membrane was permeable to both anions and cations makes it unlikely that this phenomenon is due to a changing transmembrane potential. The similarity between the Ca2+ dependence of spontaneous calcium release and of calcium uptake, along with other similarities between these processes, suggest that calcium release is mediated by the calcium pump in these membranes. PMID- 7353011 TI - Loss of nuclear photoreactivating enzyme following ultraviolet irradiation of Chlamydomonas. AB - UVS1 is a mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardi defective in the dark repair of pyrimidine dimers in nuclear DNA. All of the pyrimidine dimers in nuclear DNA can be repaired upon exposure to photoreactivating light immediately after irradiation. However, none of the dimers in nuclear DNA are repaired by photoreactivation if the irradiated cells are incubated in the dark for 24 h in growth medium. Pyrimidine dimers in chloroplast DNA that are unrepaired during the 24 h post-irradiation incubation can be repaired by photoreactivation. Treatment with methyl methanesulfonate to give a similar survival as the fluence of ultraviolet light did not lead to the inactivation of nuclear photoreactivating enzyme after 24 h in the dark. Assay for photoreactivating enzyme in cell-free extracts showed that about 80% of the photoreactivating enzyme activity disappears after incubating ultraviolet-irradiated cells in the dark for 24 h. PMID- 7353012 TI - Release of ribosomes from thylakoids and endoplasmic reticulum with trypsin. AB - Release by trypsin of chloroplast ribosomes from rough thylakoids of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was compared with release by trypsin of ribosomes from endoplasmic reticulum of rat liver. Rough thylakoids could be stripped of ribosomes with trypsin. Ribosomes were released as a mixture of polysomes, monosomes, and subunits. Chymotrypsin was much less effective than trypsin. Released ribosomes behaved like intact particles on zone velocity centrifugation, but showed extensive modification of their polypeptides. Stripped thylakoids sedimented as membranes, but also showed extensive modification of their polypeptides. Some ribosomes could be released in polysomes from rough endoplasmic reticulum by trypsin, provided the incubation mixture contained rat liver extract as a source of RNAase inhibitor. In its absence, ribosomes were released predominantly as monosomes, as reported by others. The rat liver extract inhibited release of polysomes from rough thylakoids by trypsin. Thus, the difference in form in which ribosomes are released from thylakoids, and endoplasmic reticulum by trypsin may be due to the high RNAase content of the latter. PMID- 7353013 TI - Purification of a low molecular weight non-histone chromosomal protein. AB - A non-histone chromosomal proteins was extracted from rat liver chromatin with 0.35 M NaCl and purified more than 2758 times to near homogeneity by hydroxyapatite, gel filtration, and phosphocellulose chromatography. The final fraction was greater than 95% pure as judged by non-denaturing gel electrophoresis. The protein, designated loosely bound non-histone chromosomal protein 1, had an observed molecular weight of 15 700. This protein was demonstrated to increase the amount of RNA synthesized in a heterologous (Escherichia coli RNA polymerase) transcription system and, therefore, this activity was also used to monitor its purification. The availability of highly purified loosely bound non-histone chromosomal protein 1 will make possible an examination of its structural and/or functional role in chromatin. PMID- 7353014 TI - Studies on the degradation of HeLa non-histone proteins. AB - The hydrolysis of HeLa non-histone nuclear proteins over 24 h has been monitored in dilute alkali at 4, 15 and 25 degrees C using the standard ninhydrin estimation, dansylation and various electrophoresis techniques. Under conditions (up to 0.2 N NaOH, 4 degrees C) that do not release a significant quantity of ninhydrin-positive material or new N-terminal end group considerable breakdown was observed by two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis. The number of stained spots decreased from approx. 140 to 25--30. No internal protease activity could be found. Labelling studies (14C-labelled amino acids) showed that much of the hydrolysed material was extracted from the gel during normal staining and destaining procedures. Peptides could be extracted from alkali-hydrolysed non histone protein with acid/ethanol and could be further separated by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel G. Short-term labelling of HeLa cells (14C-labelled amino acids for up to 60 min) revealed that these peptides probably have a high rate of turnover. [14C]Glucosamine studies also indicated the presence of considerable carbohydrate material in the low molecular weight products of this alkaline hydrolysis. Various standard proteins and histones were unaffected by hydrolysis in up to 0.2 N NaOH (4 degrees C, 24 h) as judged by gel electrophoresis. Seven different phosphate-splitting enzymes and an esterase had no effect on the non-histone protein electrophoresis patterns but a preparation of phospholipase C which had no protease activity towards eight standard proteins did produce considerable breakdown in HeLa non-histone proteins similar to that produced by 0.2 N NaOH at 4 degrees C. PMID- 7353015 TI - Transition series metals and sulfhydryl reagents induce the synthesis of four proteins in eukaryotic cells. AB - Several transition series metals (copper, cadmium, zinc and mercury) and the sulfhydryl reagent, sodium arsenite, enhance the synthesis of specific proteins in chick embryo cells and in human foreskin cells in culture. The proteins are visible 1--3 h after exposure to concentrations ranging from 10 microM to 100 microM depending upon which reagent is used. These proteins comigrate on acrylamide gel electropherograms with the proteins induced by two copper chelating drugs, kethoxal bis(thiosemicarbazone) and disulfiram, and by heat shock. However, these proteins migrate in a significantly different manner than do the canavanine-enhanced proteins. The four proteins induced in chick embryo cells are distinct from one another as determined by partial proteolytic mapping. Simlarly, the three proteins induced in human cells are distinct. However, the 100-kilodalton and the 70-kilodalton proteins from chick and from human cells appear to be related as judged by this mapping procedure. The 70 kilodalton protein enhanced by kethoxal bis(thiosemicarbazone), disulfiram, arsenite and heat shock have a high degree of similarity according to this technique. The arsenite and canavanine-enhanced 100-kilodalton proteins are related as are the arsenite-enhanced 70-kilodalton and the canavanine-enhanced 75-kilodalton proteins. The canavanine-enhanced 30 kilodalton protein resembles the arsenite enhanced 25-kilodalton protein rather than the 35-kilodalton species. In view of these findings, it appears that a variety of treatments, namely, chelating drugs, transition series metals, sulfhydryl reagents, heat shock, and amino acid analogous can induced similar, if not identical, proteins in eukaryotic cells. PMID- 7353016 TI - Sub-thylakoid fractions containing ribosomes. AB - A sub-membrane fraction which contains a large portion of any thylakoid-bound ribosomes can be obtained when thylakoids are treated with the detergents Nonidet P-40, or Triton X-100. These 'pseudopolysome' fractions contain 50% of thylakoid bound ribosomes, but less than 0.5% of thylakoid chlorophyll. Triton and Nonidet psuedopolysomes contain about 10%, and 3% of thylakoid protein, respectively. Pseudopolysomes, prepared from thylakoids with low levels of ribosomes, contain about the same proportion of thylakoid protein but proportionately less ribosomes. Pseudopolysomes contain thylakoid polypeptides in addition to chlorophyll, but lack a major membrane polypeptide of Mr 50 000. Pseudopolysome chlorophyll, and RNA band at the same buoyant density. However, they band at different densities after pseudopolysomes are treated with trypsin (a procedure which strips thylakoids of ribosomes). Pseudopolysome fractions from thylakoids with low levels of ribosomes have a lower density than the corresponding fractions from thylakoids with high levels of ribosomes. Ribosomes are released from thylakoids, and pseudopolysomes by the same treatments. Subunits are released with KCl and puromycin. Polysomes are released with trypsin. It was concluded the pseudopolysomes consist of ribosomes and a membrane fragment containing the sites to which ribosomes are bound. PMID- 7353017 TI - DNA repair synthesis in HeLa cell lysate. AB - In order to study the mechanism of DNA repair, we established an in vitro system for repair (unscheduled) DNA synthesis. HeLa cells synchronized at G2-G1 phase were irradiated with ultraviolet light in the presence of two DNA replication inhibitors, hydroxyurea and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine (araCyt), to reduce the replicative DNA synthesis as much as possible. Hypotonic treatment of the cells was followed by gentle homogenization, and the resulting cell lysate was incubated with [3H]dTTP. The lysate system required all four dXTPs and Mg2+, but required no ATP. The incorporation of [3H]dTTP was dependent on the dose of ultraviolet light, was linear for 2 min, and reached the maximum at 5 min. The presence of hydroxyurea and araCyt during in vivo incubation was necessary for in vitro DNA synthesis. Accumulation of single-strand breaks was observed under these conditions, and this could explain the very high incorporation of [3H]dTTP in this system. PMID- 7353018 TI - Polysomal poly(A)+ RNA in liver of rats fed 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene and in hepatoma induced by the same carcinogen. AB - Feeding of carcinogenic azo dyes to rats results in a release into the cytoplasm of RNA sequences which in liver cells of control animals are degraded in the cell nucleus. A cross-hybridization of polysomal poly(A)+ RNA from liver of rats fed the hepatocarcinogen 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene and from liver of control animals with their complementary DNA has shown, that the disruption of the processing and/or release of nuclear RNA induced by the carcinogen is not reflected in a change in the polysomal poly(A)+ RNA. After 17 weeks of feeding the hepatocarcinogen, there is no difference in the sequence complexity of polysomal poly(A)+ RNA in the liver. It is therefore not probable that the RNA sequences released from the nucleus by the azo dye serve as a template for protein synthesis. An alteration in the polysomal poly(A)+ RNA population was observed only temporarily at an earlier stage of feeding of the azocarcinogen. It coincided with the regeneration of the liver in a response to the initial toxic effect of the azocarcinogen. Therefore, it is probable that this alteration is the result of a temporary change in the population of liver cells. A cross hybridization of liver and hepatoma complementary DNA with the polysomal poly(A)+ RNA from both organs have shown an overlap of the polysomal poly(A)+ RNA sequences of the hepatoma with the sequences present in the liver, with many liver sequences missing, or present only in very low concentration in the hepatoma. PMID- 7353019 TI - Fluorescence study of the association between gene 32 protein of bacteriophage T4 and poly(1-N6-ethenoadenylic acid). Evidence for energy transfer. AB - We have studied the association of gene 32 protein of bacteriophage T4 with a fluorescent polynucleotide: poly(1-N6-ethenoadenylic acid). The presence of a bridge between the N(1) nitrogen atom and the C(6) amino group of adenine bases did not alter the affinity of the protein for the polynucleotide as compared to poly(rA) and heat-denatured DNA. This suggests that this region of the nucleic acid bases is not required in protein 32-polynucleotide complexes. The formation of gene 32 protein-poly(1-N6-ethenoadenylic acid) complex resulted in an enhancement of the polynucleotide fluorescence quantum yield which could be related to a partial unstacking of the polynucleotide bases. Energy transfer at the singlet level was demonstrated from tryptophan to 1-N6-ethenoadenine residues. The efficiency of energy transfer was calculated to be 22% which is consistent with the presence of at least one of the tryptophan residues of gene 32 protein in close vicinity of the bases. PMID- 7353020 TI - Studies on the effect of hepatectomy on pig post-heparin plasma lipases. PMID- 7353021 TI - Possible involvement of fatty acid binding protein in peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty acids. AB - The localization of beta-oxidation of fatty acids in isolated peroxisomes from rat liver was investigated. The enzyme system is soluble in the luminal compartment and carnitine does not appear to be involved in the transfer of the CoA derivatives through the peroxisomal membrane. Experiments involving proteolysis, inhibitors and competitive inhibition suggest that a fatty acid binding protein is responsible for the carrier process. This carrier protein seems to be present in increased amounts both in the supernatant and in the peroxisomes after clofibrate induction. PMID- 7353022 TI - Alteration in phospholipid composition of Staphylococcus aureus during formation of autoplast. AB - The phospholipid composition of autoplasts (protoplasts made by autolysis of Staphylococcus aureus 209P was examined. The autoplasts were prepared by incubation of 209P cells in 1.2 M sucrose--0.33 M acetate buffer (pH 5.8). Cardiolipin comprised nearly half the total phospholipid in these autoplasts. Autoplasts had a lower phosphatidylglycerol content than intact cells but similar lysylphosphatidylglycerol content. The increase in cardiolipin content during release of autoplasts was not affected by pH or temperature. The result indicates that removal of the cell wall caused the increase in cardiolipin content. The total amount of phospholipids increased slightly during autoplast formation, but there was no significant increase in fatty acids or diglycerides. The changes of phospholipid composition during formation of the autoplast was due to de novo synthesis of cardiolipin from phosphatidylglycerol. PMID- 7353023 TI - The role of the de novo synthetic pathway in forming molecular species of phospholipids in resting lymphocytes from human tonsils. AB - Phosphatidylcholine of resting human tonsil lymphocytes contained dipalmitoyl (18 mol%), 1-oleoyl,2-palmitoyl (11 mol%) and dioleoyl (5 mol%) species. 1-Oleoyl and 1-linoleoyl species were also detected in other more highly unsaturated phosphatidylcholine species. The features of phospholipid synthesis in lymphocytes were investigated by incubating cells with radiolabeled precursors. The de novo synthesis of phospholipids occurring in lymphocytes was estimated to be physiologically important, in particular for supplying dipalmitoylglycerophosphocholine and highly unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine. It was also suggested that diacylglycerol(s) not originating from glycerophosphate is (are) involved in the synthesis of tetraenoic phospholipids. From radioactive palmitic and oleic acids were actively synthesized dipalmitoyl, dioleoyl and 1-oleoyl,2-palmitoyl species of diacylglycerol. The mode of diacylglycerol synthesis was reflected upon phosphatidylcholine formation. The formed polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine was also found to contain 1 oleoyl or 2-palmitoyl species. Radioactive linoleic and arachidonic acids were incorporated predominantly into the C-1 position of diacylglycerol, whereas the majority of the formed phospholipids was of 2-linoleoyl or 2-arachidonoyl species. Labeled stearic acid was exclusively esterified to the C-1 position of the glycerolipids. However, the labeling pattern of molecular species by stearate was considerably deviated from that observed with labeled palmitate. These results indicate that the de novo synthetic pathway operating lymphocytes is primarily responsible for forming 1-unsaturated type of phospholipids. The synthesis of 1-saturated,2-unsaturated species appeared to be due to remodeling of once-formed phospholipids. PMID- 7353024 TI - Increased synthesis of phosphatidylcholine by rat lung following premature birth. AB - Pregnant rats were delivered prematurely at 20 days and 21 days gestation (2 and 1 day premature). The survival was 52 +/- 3% at 20 days gestation and 100% at 21 days gestation. [Me-14C]Choline incorporation into phosphatidylcholine increased by 60% during the 3 h of survival after delivery at 20 days gestation. The increase in incorporation occurred during the first hour of survival. [Me 14C]Choline incorporation also increased to a lesser extent following survival at 21 days gestation. The incorporation after 3 h of survival at 20 days and 21 days gestation was similar to that obtained with adult lung slices. The incorporation of [U-14C]glycerol, D-[U-14C]glucose, [1-14C]palmitate and [1,2-14C]ethanolamine did not increase following delivery at either 20 days or 21 days gestation. The incorporation of 33PO4 into phosphatidylcholine increased to the same relative extent as [me-14C]choline incorporation. D-[1-14C]Glucose incorporation into the fatty acid portion of phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerols and oxidation to 14CO2 decreased during the 3 h of survival. The pattern of D-[U-14C]glucose incorporation following survival at 20 and 21 days gestation is similar to that obtained with adult lung slices. Dexamethasone treatment of mothers at 17 and 18 days gestation caused [Me-14C]choline incorporation to increase to adult values at 20 days gestation but not at 19 days or 21 days. We conclude that an adaptive mechanism exists which produces specific biochemical changes in lung metabolism following premature birth. This mechanism is functional in the rat as early as 2 days prior to normal term. PMID- 7353025 TI - Glycolipids of rat small intestine. Characterization of a novel blood group H active triglycosylceramide. AB - A novel blood group H-active triglycosylceramide has been isolated from rat small intestine. It was present exclusively in the epithelial cells. The structure was established by mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy and degradative methods to the Fucp alpha 1 leads to 2Galp beta 1 leads to 4Glcp beta 1 leads to 1Cer. The lipophilic part was made up of mainly trihydroxy base (phytosphingosine) and 16 : 0--24 : 0 fatty acids. PMID- 7353026 TI - A procedure for the quantitative isolation of brain gangliosides. AB - In a systematic study of the optimal conditions for the quantitative isolation of gangliosides from brain tissue and their further purification the yield of gangliosides obtained by extraction of the tissue twice with twenty volumes of chloroform/methanol/water (4 : 8 : 3, v/v) was larger than that obtained with all other solvents tested, including tetrahydrofuran/phosphate buffer. The gangliosides were separated from other lipids by phase partition, water was added to the total lipid extract to give a final chloroform/methanol/water volume ratio of 4 : 8 : 5.6. Isolation of gangliosides from the total lipid extract with the aid of anion-exchange resins was not practical as a routine procedure on a large scale. The crude gangliosides extract was freed from low molecular weight contaminants by dialysis against water. This method was superior to the purification on gel filtration media or on anion-exchange resins, which required large columns with selective losses of gangliosides as a result. The present method has been applied to human brain, and the concentration and distribution of gangliosides in the human forebrain in infancy and old age are given. PMID- 7353027 TI - Nanosecond laser photolysis of aqueous carbon monoxy- and oxyhaemoglobin. AB - The spectra have been measured of the transient species and the final level of absorption observed in nanosecond laser photolysis of aqueous carbon monoxy- and oxyhaemoglobin. These show that the transient absorption change can be interpreted as being due to an ultrafast ligand recombination following the photolysis. The spectra do not support the earlier interpretation (Alpert, B., Banerjee, R. and Lindqvist, L. (1974) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 71, 558--562) that this was due to a tertiary structural change of the protein. PMID- 7353028 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of rat gastric mucous glycoprotein. AB - Mucus glycoproteins from the rat stomach were characterized after their isolation from homogenates of the superficial gastric mucosa by equilibrium centrifugation in CsCl density gradients. Water-soluble as well as water-insoluble glycoproteins were studied. The latter were solubilized by 2-mercaptoethanol reduction of the homogenate. From both homogenate fractions the sames two glycoproteins 1 and 2 were purified, glycoprotein 1 being present in considerably higher amount than glycoprotein 2. Their respective buoyant densities in a CsCl gradient were 1.47- 1.50 g/ml and 1.56--1.58 g/ml. The two glycoproteins expressed slight differences in gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. The results from column chromatographic comparisons between reduced and unreduced glycoproteins indicated strongly that both glycoproteins 1 and 2 were built from subunits kept together by S-S bonds. The s20,w values of the reduced glycoproteins 1 and 2 were 15.7 S and 11.6 S. Glycoprotein 1 contained 5% protein, 70% carbohydrate and 1--2% sulphate, whereas these percentages for glycoprotein 2 were 10% protein, 65% carbohydrate and 10% sulphate. The molar proportions of the main sugar components galactose, fucose, glucosamine and galactosamine were 4 :2 : 4 : 1 (glycoprotein 1) and 3 : 2 : 3 : 1 (glycoprotein 2). Blood-group activity A was expressed by glycoprotein 1, whereas glycoprotein 2 showed mainly blood-group activity Leb, some B activity and also some A activity, but to a lesser extent than glycoprotein 1. PMID- 7353029 TI - An unusual collagen periodicity in skin. AB - The axial periodicity of collagen fibrils was observed by X-ray diffraction to be significantly shorter in wet skin (65.2 nm) than in wet tendon (67.0 nm). This difference appears to be due to some feature in the native skin environment, since purified skin Type I and Type III collagens will both form fibrils with a normal 67.0 nm d-period. PMID- 7353030 TI - Conformation of colipase. Prediction of the secondary structure, circular dichroism and 360 MHz proton NMR studies of porcine colipase A. AB - The secondary structure of porcine colipase (93 residues) was established according to the predictive method of Chou and Fasman (Chou, P.Y. and Fasman, G.D. (1974) Biochemistry 13, 211--222 and 222--245). The relative composition of the conformational regions was as follows: 5% alpha-helix (region 39--44), 25% beta-sheet (three regions, 7--11, 49--57 and 77--85) and eight beta-turns corresponding to 32% of the polypeptide. Colipase contains a large proportion (about 35%) of unordered structure. Estimated values for the alpha-helix and beta sheet contents from the circular dichroism spectrum were in good accordance with the predicted model. A less satisfactory value was found for the beta-turns. A characteristic feature of the far ultraviolet dichroic spectrum is the presence of an unusual positive band at 225 nm that might be indicative of a particular spatial arrangement of the chromophores in the molecule. Two tyrosines (Tyr56 and Tyr57) and one histidine (His86) are at close vicinity in the three dimensional structure of the protein as shown by proton NMR studies. These residues are located at the end of two beta-sheet hydrophobic regions(49--57 and 77--85) which might play a role in the association of colipase with the lipid-water interface as indicated by results of the NMR studies of the taurodeoxycholate-colipase complex. PMID- 7353031 TI - Physical studies on three lectins from the seeds of Abrus precatorius. AB - The physical properties of three lectins from the seeds of the Abrus precatorius plant, abrin C, abrin A and the Abrus agglutinin, were studied. All three exhibited similar circular dichroic (CD) spectra in the near-ultraviolet having negative maxima at 286 and 293 nm. In addition, D-galactose induced similar conformational alterations in the three proteins as observed through changes in the near-ultraviolet CD from 280 to 295 nm. The near-ultraviolet CD spectrum of the toxic subunit of abrin C was very different from that of the parent molecule. The fluorescence emission spectra of the three proteins were also studied. All exhibited fluorescence near 335 nm which is quenched 9% by galactose. Iodide quenching of fluorescence using the Stern-Volmer analysis indicated different tryptophan accessibilities in the presence and absence of D-galactose for the Abrus agglutinin. The results suggest that there is a saccharide-induced conformational change which buries several partially exposed tryptophan residues. A comparable analysis of the closely related Ricinus agglutinin revealed that its tryptophan residues are more buried than those of the Abrus agglutinin and, unlike the Abrus agglutinin, there was no saccharide-induced change in tryptophan accessibility. PMID- 7353032 TI - Induction of high phenolic pK or iodothyronines by sodium dodecyl sulfate. Adaptation to quantitative analysis of the iodoamino acid content of thyroglobulin. PMID- 7353033 TI - Identification of neighbouring protein pairs in the rat liver 40-S ribosomal subunits cross-linked with dimethyl suberimidate. AB - (1) The 40-S ribosomal subunits of rat liver were treated with a bifunctional cross-linking reagent, dimethyl suberimidate. Cross-linked protein-protein dimers were separated by two-dimensional acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The stained cross-linked complexes within the gel were radioiodinated without the elution of proteins from the gel and were cloven into the original monomeric protein constituents by ammonolysis. The proteins in each dimer were finally identified by two-dimensional acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the cloven monomeric proteins, followed by radioautography of the stained gel. (2) The molecular weights of cross-linked complexes were determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and were compared with those of their constituent proteins. (3) The following dimers were proposed from these results: S3-S12 (S3 or S3a-S11), S4 S12 (S3b-S11, S5-S7 (S4-S6), S5-S22 (S4-S23 or S24), S6-S8 (S5-S7), S8-S16 (S7 S18), S17-S21 (S16--S19) and S22A-S22B (S23-S24), designated according to our numbering system [1]. The designations according to the proposed uniform nomenclature [2] are described in parentheses. PMID- 7353034 TI - Functional abnormality of proalbumin Christchurch. AB - Proalbumin Christchurch is a varient of human albumin in which the C-terminal basic residue of the propeptide has undergone a mutation to glutamine. In this investigation spectral and equilibrium dialysis studies have shown that the variant lacks the high affinity copper binding site of normal albumin. A simple electrophoretic procedure is described using 63Ni(II), which allow discrimination of proalbumins from other variants of albumin. The finding that Proalbumin Christchurch is readily cleaved in vitro by trypsin but is secreted uncleaved in vivo is evidence that propeptide cleavage is due to specific proteolysis with paired basic residues being a pre-requisite. PMID- 7353035 TI - Primary structures of pancreatic ribonucleases from Bovidae. Impala, Thomson's gazelle, nilgai and water buffalo. AB - The amino acid sequences of the pancreatic ribonucleases from impala Thomson's gazelle, nilgai and two types of water buffalo were studied from several enzymic digests. Peptides were positioned by homology with other ribonucleases of known sequence. Only peptides that differ in amino acid composition from the corresponding peptides of ox and goat ribonuclease were sequenced. The primary structures of pancreatic ribonucleases from 11 species of the Bovidae family are known to date. The evolutionary rate of bovid ribonucleases is 2--3 times lower than the average rate observed in all mammals. A possible explanation is that the presence of a stable symbiotic system in the rumen of grass-eating ruminants has caused a slowing down of the evolutionary rate of pancreatic ribonuclease in this taxon. The subfamily of the Bovinae (five species) exhibits a slightly higher evolutionary rate; most replacements in the Bovinae occur near residues 34--36, the most commonly observed carbohydrate attachment site in ribonucleases. PMID- 7353036 TI - Structure-activity relationships of vasoactive peptides derived from fibrin or fibrinogen degraded by plasmin. PMID- 7353037 TI - Heterogeneity of broad bean legumin. AB - Legumins from various cultivars were fractionated on a DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column and their subunit structures were investigated. The results obtained indicated the heterogeneity of legumin molecular species. The nature of the heterogeneity was common to all cultivars examined from the standpoint of the molecular sizes of the subunits. Four groups of molecular species with molecular weights of 320 000, 350 000, 380 000 and 400 000 were detected by gradient gel electrophoresis. The smallest molecular species was composed of only three kinds of subunit, with molecular weights of 20 500, 23 000 and 36 000, and the largest one was composed of five kinds of subunit with molecular weights of 19 000, 23 000, 36 000, 49 000 and 51 000. All molecular species were composed of intermediary subunits which consisted of acidic and basic subunits. The intermediary subunits with molecular weights of 61 700, 59 800 and 48 000 are composed of the acidic subunits with molecular weights of 51 000, 49 000 and 36 000 and the basic subunits with molecular weights of 19 000, 19 000 and 23 000 or 20 500, respectively. The possible molecular species constructed from the subunit groups classified according to their sizes were presented. PMID- 7353038 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance study of side-chain conformation of tyrosyl residue in [Met5]-enkephalin. Solvent and temperature dependence. AB - [Met5]-Enkephalin and tyrosine methylamide containing (2S, 3S)-[2,3-2H]-tyrosine and [Met5]-enkephalin containing (2S, 3R)-[3-2H]tyrosine were synthesized. 270 MHz 1H-NMR spectra of the normal species and selectively deuterated species were analyzed. The lower field and higher field beta-proton signals of the Tyr1 residues of [Met5]-enkephalin (and tyrosine methylamide) were unambiguously assigned to the pro-S and pro-R protons, respectively, in organic solvents, but the alternative assignments apply in 1H2O. For [Met5]-enkephalin and tyrosine methylamide (model for N-terminal tyrosyl residue), the rotamer populations around the Calpha-Cbeta bond of tyrosyl residue were determined in a variety of solvents. Rotamer populations of the tyrosyl residue depend on solvent polarity. In aqueous solution, the rotamers I and II are predominant while in weakly polar solvents the rotamer I becomes predominant. For the tyrosyl residue of the dipolar form of [Met5]-enkephalin in (C2H3)2SO solution, anomalous temperature dependences of rotamer populations are observed. This anomaly is suggested to be due to the equilibrium of the folded and extended conformations of the main chain. In fact, the temperature dependences of rotamer populations become normal in the presence of 2 M NH4ClO4, which weakens the attraction between the N terminal and C-terminal groups of the dipolar form and thus reduces the population of the folded form in (C2H3)2SO solution. PMID- 7353039 TI - Structural study of the heme crevice in cytochrome b5 based on individual assignments of the 1H-NMR lines of the heme group and selected amino acid residues. AB - Measurements of saturation transfer, spin-decoupling and truncated-driven nuclear Overhauser effect difference spectra were applied to indidually assign the 1H-NMR lines of the heme group and nearby amino acid residues in reduced and oxidized cytochrome b5. These data imply that the orientation of the heme group in the major cytochrome b5 conformation in solution differs from that reported for the X ray crystal structure by a 180 degree rotation about an axis through the meso carbon atoms alpha and gamma. Otherwise comparison of the experimental chemical shifts with those obtained from ring current calculations using the refined X-ray atomic coordinates provide no evidence that the polypeptide conformation near the heme is different in the crystals and in solution. It seems quite likely that the previously described second solution conformation of cytochrome b5 is related to the major species through a different orientation of the heme. PMID- 7353041 TI - On the nature of molecular conformations inferred from high-resolution NMR. AB - The basic, usually unstated, premises underlying the derivation of "average" conformations of flexible molecules from high-resolution NMR parameters (shifts, coupling constants and relaxation times) are critically examined. It is shown that in cases where the individual conformers contributing to the average are not known the "average" derived from spectroscopic data represents a virtual structure devoid of physical meaning. PMID- 7353040 TI - Proton NMR study of hemoproteins. Ionization and orientation of iron-bound imidazole in methemoglobin and metmyoblobin. PMID- 7353042 TI - The secondary structure of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B and C. AB - The circular dichroism (CD) of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B and C was measured. The CD of enterotoxins B and C were almost identical from 250 to 320 nm, but differed from the CD of enterotoxin A. The spectrum of enterotoxin A in this wavelength region contained the same bands with respect to both location and sign, but with significant differences in intensity. The CD spectra of enterotoxins B and C were also much more alike from 190 to 250 nm. Although all three enterotoxins had a major negative extremum at 215--218 nm, its magnitude was equal in enterotoxins B and C, but was substantially decreased in enterotoxin A. The secondary structure of the enterotoxins contained little alpha-helix as analyzed with CD models. A secondary structure of entertoxin B compured from a scheme based on a joint prediction histogram of five separate methods, placed 29 residues in alpha-helices, 71 in beta-pleated sheets, 88 in beta-turns and 55 in aperiodic conformation. PMID- 7353043 TI - The molecular weights of three forms of glycophorin A in sodium dodecyl sulfate solution. AB - The molecular weights of each of the three major forms of glycophorin A, as defined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, have been determined by sedimentation equilibrium in sodium dodecyl sulfate using 2H2O to blank out the contribution of the detergent according to Reynolds and Tanford (Reynolds, J.A. and Tanford, C. (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 4467--4470). The molecular weights were: form 1, 65 700; form 2, 31 100; form 4, 27 900. These data establish form 1 as a dimer, and form 2 and form 4 as monomers. 2. The relative sizes of the three forms were estimated by determining mobilities in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels of gradulated gel concentrations at an ionic strength in which all three species coexist (I = 0.2). Ferguson plots show that the three species have identical net surface charge densities but differing retardation coefficients (--Kr) as follows: form 1, --0.057; 'form 4', --0.038; form 2, --0.025. From these data it is concluded that the hydrodynamic radius of form 1 is greatest, 'form 4' is intermediate, and form 2 is least. PMID- 7353044 TI - Re-evaluation of some factors affecting the stability of rat thyroglobulin. AB - The stability of thyroglobulin obtained after in vivo or in vitro labeling of thyroids from rats kept chronically on an iodine-poor diet (about 30 micrograms I/kg) has been studied by sucrose gradient density centrifugation. The role played by factors such as the degree of iodination, the procedure of labeling, the temperature and the ionic strength, has been reevaluated. Under the experimental conditions used in this study, the stability of thyroglobulin from rats on iodine-poor diet decreases with increasing time of the diet. For comparable levels of iodination, in vivo labeling results in a more stable thyroglobulin than in vitro labeling of the glands: The sedimentation coefficient of in vivo labeled poorly iodinated thyroglobulin is slightly lower (17.5--18.5 S) than that of well iodinated thyroglobulin (19.0 S), independent of the temperature and/or ionic strength used, though at low temperature and/or low ionic strength there is some unfolding of thyroglobulin. The results obtained demonstrate that in order to compare data on thyroglobulin stability it is necessary to keep the experimental conditions constant. PMID- 7353045 TI - Exposure to solvent of tyrosyl and tryptophanyl residues of bovine antithrombin in the absence and presence of high-affinity and low-affinity heparin. AB - The exposure to solvent of the aromatic amino acid residues of free bovine antithrombin was probed by three different methods, which gave comparable results. Solvent perturbation suggested that about 35% of the tyrosyl residues and about 40% of the tryptophanyl residues of the protein are exposed to solvent. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that 60% of the tryptophanyl fluorescence of antithrombin arose from exposed residues. These values are similar to those previously reported for the human protein. In spectrophotometric titrations, two out of a total of ten tyrosyl residues titrated with a normal pKa and therefore, presumably are accessible to solvent. The binding of low-affinity of high-affinity heparin to antithrombin had neglibible effects on the solvent perturbation spectra and on the spectrophotometric titration curves. Iodide quenching experiments indicated an altered quenching pattern of the fluorescence of the protein in the presence of either form of heparin, but this effect could not be interpreted as a change of the exposure of trytophanyl residues. The binding of heparin to antithrombin therefore apparently leads to, at most, minimal changes of the exposure of the aromatic amino acids of the protein to the surrounding solvent. PMID- 7353046 TI - The purification of a unique calcium-binding protein from Morris hepatoma 5123 tc. AB - A heat-stable Ca2+-binding protein was purified to homogeneity from Morris hepatoma 5123 tc. It had an apparent molecular weight of 11 000, and isoelectric point of 3.9, and bound two atoms of calcium per molecule of protein. The spectral and amino acid analysis indicated the tumour protein to be similar to the parvalbumins. This protein has been shown to be absent in liver. PMID- 7353048 TI - Inhibition of tubulin assembly by ethylacetylacrylate, a sulfhydryl reagent and potential analog of cytochalasin A. AB - Ethyl acetylacrylate reacts rapidly with 2-mercaptoethanol and the sulfhydryl groups of tubulin. The structure of ethyl acetylacrylate resembles that of the reactive portion of cytochalasin A and potentially can serve as an analog of this antibiotic. PMID- 7353047 TI - Subunits of the extracellular hemoglobin of Arenicola marina. AB - The molecular weight of the extracellular hemoglobin of Arenicola marina determined by equilibrium sedimentation is 3.74 +/- 0.12 . 10(6). Its iron content is 0.244 +/- 0.005 wt.% corresponding to a minimum molcular weight of 22 900 +/- 500. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate showed that the hemoglobin dissociated into three subunits: 14 000 (subunit 1), 31 000 (subunit 2) and 49 000 (subunit 3); in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol four subunits were observed, 14 000 (subunit I), 16 000 (subunit II), 31 000 (subunit III), and 35 000 (subunit IV). Two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that subunit 1 produced subunit I, and subunits 2 and 3 produced subunits I, II and variable amounts of subunits III and IV. Gel filtration of reduced and alkylated A. marina hemoglobin in 6 M guanidinium hydrochloride suggests that the molecular weight of subunits I and II is 17 500 +/- 1000. A. marina hemoglobin appears to consist of at least 5--7 polypeptide chains. It is proposed that some of the polypeptide chains can associate to form dimers (subunits 2, III, IV) or trimers (subunit 3). PMID- 7353049 TI - Changes in lysosomal cathepsins during liver regeneration. AB - The effect of 2/3 hepatectomy in the adult rat on the specific and total activities of two lysosomal endopeptidases, cathepsins B1 and D, has been examined. The specific activity of both enzymes fell rapidly following hepatectomy when compared to paired, sham-operated controls. When changes in total protein were compared to changes in cathepsins B1 and D, all three decreased in a parallel fashion for the first 18 h. At 24 h, total liver protein increased rapidly while cathepsins B1 and D continued to decrease. Cathepsin B1 fell to a level of 12% of non-operated control levels at 36 h, while total protein was already back to 40% of control levels. In contrast to the decreases in the activities of the cathepsins, there was an increase in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase during the first two days of regeneration. The clear lag in replacement of the cathepsins relative to other liver proteins following partial hepatectomy suggests that cathepsin activity is selectively controlled and that lowering the levels of cathepsins B1 and D may play an important role in the decreased degradation of protein seen during the early phases of liver regeneration. PMID- 7353050 TI - Stimulation of glucose utilization and lactate production in cultured human fibroblasts by thyroid hormone. AB - Human dermal fibroblasts were obtained by harvesting outgrowing cells from the dermal tissue explants and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium containing 10% fetal calf serum. After the cells reached confluency, culture was continued in the medium containing calf serum which was deprived of thyroid hormone by the treatment with activated charcoal. These fibroblasts were responsive to exogeneously added thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine) at physiological concentrations, resulting in enhanced utilization of glucose and production of lactate. This timulation by thyroid hormone was dependent upon the length of exposure to the hormone and its concentration. The hormone did not show any effect on cellular DNA and protein content. The experimental system described above seems to be easy to reconstitute and should be useful for the elucidation of the mechanism of thyroid hormone action. PMID- 7353051 TI - Selective distribution of the heparin in mammals: conspicuous presence of heparin in lymphoid tissues. AB - The systematic study on the distribution of heparin in 12 tissues of eight mammalian species is reported. It is shown that heparin varies from 1 microgram/g of dry tissue in cat liver up to 1000 micrograms/g of dry tissue in bovine ileum. Heparin was present in relatively high amounts in lung, ileum and skin, of most of the species analysed. It was also observed that heparin was conspicuously present in high amounts in thymus and lymph nodes of all the species except for rabbits. Conversely, heparin was not detected in brains of all the species and also in none of the rabbit tissues. Based on this characteristic distribution the possible physiological role of heparin is discussed. PMID- 7353052 TI - Penetrability of orally toxic protein from cobra venom through the gut of a blowfly. AB - The oral toxicity of a radioiodinated toxic polypeptide isolated from a cobra snake venom as assayed by Sarcophaga falculata blowflies coupled with assays on competitive displacement have indicated that: (a) During 3--4 h 8% of the orally active toxin is able to pass through the digestive system of the fly; (b) the orally active toxin after passing the gut binds to body tissues. The strong affinity of the toxin to tissue membranes explains its absence in the insect's hemolymph following oral applications as well as injection. The removal of traces of phospholipase A, which is extremely toxic, by injection of the orally active toxin has significantly lowered its injection toxicity without affecting its oral toxicity, thus indicating the absence of any interaction with phospholipases in oral toxicity. This conclusion was supported by additional experimentation. PMID- 7353053 TI - Penetrability of proteins through the digestive system of Sarcophaga falculata blowfly. AB - On the background of the previous findings concerning the passage of a low molecular basic protein from cobra snake venom through the gut of a blowfly (Primor, N., Teitelbaum, Z. and Zlotkin, E. (1980) Biochim, Biophys, Acta 627, 71 -81) several additional proteins were tested in the present study. With the aid of toxicity tests, radioiodinated proteins, gel filtration chromatography, and the usage of Sarcophaga falculata flies as test animals, the following information was obtained: 1. Out of the five species (representing four orders) of insects tested, only flies demonstrated the lethality by oral application of cobra snake venom. 2. The absence of oral toxicity of flies to phospholipase A2 (highly lethan by injection of cobra venom with molecular weight of about 13,000) was due to its impermeability through the digestive system. 3. About 2.2% of the orally applied low molecular weight basic neurotoxin (Mr 7000) from cobra venom crossed the gut and was found in the insects' hemolymph. 4. Bovine serum albumin (Mr 68,000) and an immunoglobulin (Mr 180,000), under the present experimental conditions, were found to be gut impermeable. PMID- 7353054 TI - Vitamin K epoxidase activity of rough and smooth microsomes from rat liver. AB - The distribution of vitamin K epoxidase activity in rough and smooth microsomes has been studied and compared to the prothrombin precursor and vitamin K dependent carboxylase activity. All three activities were high in rough microsomes as compared to the low levels found in smooth microsomes. The results are in agreement with the suggestion that there might be a linkage between the vitamin K-dependent carboxylation and epoxidation reaction in vivo. PMID- 7353055 TI - The nature of mannose-containing material which accumulates in cultured fibroblasts from patients with mannosidosis. AB - Fibroblasts from a patient with mannosidosis were grown in a medium containing a radioactive monosaccharide (D-[U-14C]mannose or N-acetyl-D-[1-14C]-glucosamine). An accumulation of radioactive material was observed. It was possible to prevent the accumulation to a certain degree by the addition of human liver alpha-D mannosidase to the fibroblast medium. After six days of fibroblast culture the majority of the accumulated material had a molecular weight in the oligosaccharide range and was stationary during high-voltage electrophoresis. Paper chromatography of the stationary material separated three radioactive compounds with the same chromatographic mobilities as the oligosaccharides alpha D-Man-(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-Man-(1 leads to 4)-D-GlcNAc (I), alpha-D-Man-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Man-(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-Man-(1 leads to 4)-GlcNAc (II), and alpha D-Man-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Man-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Man-(1 leads to 3)-beta-D Man-(1 leads to 4)-GlcNAc (III) previously isolated from the urine of patients with mannosidosis. Degradation of the three radioactive compounds with jack bean alpha-mannosidase gave D-mannose and a disaccharide (containing D-mannose and N acetyl-D-glucosamine). Thus the three main compounts observed in the fibroblasts from patients with mannosidosis are most probably identical to the oligosaccharides I--III. PMID- 7353056 TI - Critical examination for the presence of a low molecular weight fraction in serum iron. AB - Native human pool serum and individual sera were ultrafiltered by Pellicon ultrafilters (Millipore) and the ultrafiltrates were extracted by an ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate/methylisobutylketone system after addition of different internal iron standards to three of four identical ultrafiltrates. The extracts were examined for iron content by atomic absorption spectrometry. During ultrafiltration pH 7.4 was maintained by a constant atmosphere of a CO2/air mixture. Low molecular weight iron in native human sera from normal, normal orally iron substituted and siderotic individuals was found to be less than 0.05 micrograms/100 ml. Elevating serum citrate to 3-fold normal had no effect on this result. More iron became ultrafiltrable if the serum pH were lowered by citric acid as compared with hydrochloric acid. PMID- 7353057 TI - Identification of a decarboxylation product of retinoic acid. AB - The oxidative decarboxylation of retinoic acid was investigated utilizing a model system consisting of all-trans-retinoic acid, H2O2 and horseradish peroxidase. The decarboxylation products were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography on bonded, octadecylsilane columns. Based on mass spectral, nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet and Fourier transform infrared analyses, the major decarboxylation product was identified as a 4-oxo-C19 aldehyde with a hydroxyl group on the side chain at C9, specifically 8-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3 oxocyclohex-1-enyl)2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyoctatrienal. PMID- 7353058 TI - Electroconductivity of collagen in vitro and in vivo. AB - Electrical conductivity was measured on thermally reconstituted collagen fibers in vitro and on isolated rat tail tendon collagen fiber bundles in vivo. The results obtained indicated that collagen per se is not an electroconductor under physiological conditions, but rather a biological insulator. PMID- 7353059 TI - DNA-binding ability and partial purification of the cytoplasmic estrogen receptor from chicken oviduct. AB - 1. Large chicken oviducts containing an optimal amount of the cytoplasmic estrogen receptor can be obtained by the application and short-term withdrawal of diethylstilbestrol implants to chickens. 2. The cytoplasmic estrogen-receptor complex from chicken oviduct is able to bind to DNA. The efficiency of the binding (maximal 60%) is dependent on the temperature and the presence of the hormone. 3. The estrogen-receptor complex eluted from the DNA-cellulose by high salt is different from that of untreated cytosol. The observed increase in sedimentation coefficient, molecular weight and asymmetry of the receptor molecule resembles the 'transformation' of the estrogen-receptor complex from rat uterus. 4. Using DNA-cellulose and agarose gel chromatography, the cytoplasmic estrogen-receptor complex from chicken oviduct can be purified 4000-fold. PMID- 7353060 TI - Sensitivity of progesterone receptors to aurintricarboxylic acid. Inhibition of nuclear uptake, ATP and DNA binding. AB - When hen oviduct cytosol samples containing progesterone receptor complexed to [3H]progesterone were incubated with isolated nuclei in presence of 0.2 mM aurintricarboxylic acid, more than 50% inhibition occurred in the uptake of progesterone receptor by the nuclei. The activated form of progesterone receptor appeared to be more sensitive to the presence of aurintricarboxylic acid since pretreatment of non-activated progesterone receptor with the inhibitor and the subsequent removal of the latter prior to activation did not result in the inhibition of receptor uptake by the nuclei. Also, the binding of progesterone receptor to columns of DNA-cellulose of ATP-Sepharose was abolished under similar conditions. When nuclei, ATP-Sepharose or DNA-cellulose were preincubated with the inhibitor prior to the addition of receptor preparations, no such inhibition resulted indicating that the inhibitor may be interacting with the receptor protein and not complexing to ATP, DNA or sites in the nuclei. The steroid binding properties of progesterone receptor, however, remained intact under these conditions. Both A and B forms of progesterone receptor are equally sensitive to aurintricarboxylic acid presence when tested for their nuclear uptake. Aurintricarboxylic acid was also found to be very effective at low concentrations (0.25 mM) in eluting the receptor complexes off ATP-Sepharose columns without disrupting the steroid binding properties of progesterone receptor. Our results suggest that aurintricarboxylic acid is an effective inhibitor of progesterone receptor and that it may be acting by interfering with a site(s) on progesterone receptor which may be exposed upon activation and are involved in such processes as ATP binding, nuclear uptake and DNA binding. These observations suggest that use of aurintricarboxylic acid as a chemical probe for the analysis of progesterone receptor. PMID- 7353061 TI - Photoreceptor optics I: introduction to formalism and excitation in a lens photoreceptor system. AB - An analysis is presented of the optical factors influencing photoreceptor excitation. Small receptors are considered and the incident light is focussed onto them by a lens. The theoretical principles involved are outlined and explained in simple terms and by using analogies, so that they are also accessible to the nontheoretician. System parameters relevant to the fly are used as a basis for study. The theory is used to discuss the choice of lens parameters, the effects of defocussing and chromatic aberration. The emphasis is on results and in all cases graphs are presented so that magnitudes and trends are readily appreciated. PMID- 7353062 TI - On associative memory. AB - The information storing capacity of certain associative and auto-associative memories is calculated. For example, in a 100 X 100 matrix of 1 bit storage elements more than 6,500 bits can be stored associatively, and more than 688,000 bits in a 1,000 X 1,000 matrix. Asymptotically, the storage capacity of an associative memory increases proportionally to the number of storage elements. The usefulness of associative memories, as opposed to conventional listing memories, is duscussed -- especially in connection with brain modelling. PMID- 7353064 TI - Photoreceptor optics II: application to angular sensitivity and other properties of a lens-photoreceptor system. AB - The formalism of photoreceptor optics, developed in an earlier paper, is applied to a system consisting of a small receptor, supporting a few wave-guide modes, which is excited by light focussed onto it by a lens. The effects of various lens parameters on the angular and absolute sensitivities of this system are described. Receptor variations in the form of caps and tapers are introduced and their effects on the excitation process evaluated. The results obtained are also related to the approach to vision research based on the receptor as a sampling element. Finally, an analysis is presented of the deduction of receptor properties by means of reverse light path observations. The emphasis is on results and graphs are presented so that trends and magnitudes are readily appreciated. PMID- 7353063 TI - A spatio-temporal filter approach to synchronous brain activities. AB - This paper presents a mathematical mechanism for neuronal synchronization in oscillatory brain activities on the basis of the layer structures with recurrent inhibition. To begin with, a linear theory reveals that the recurrent inhibition tends to cause a synchronous uniform oscillation if the loop delay increases, and that an oscillating neuron recruits neighboring neurons by delivering synchronous inputs through the recurrent inhibition loop if the frequency is that of the selfexcitatory oscillation. Then, a quasilinearized dual wave model (DWM), employing the two-sinusoids plus bias input describing functions (TSBDF), shows the competitive relationship between the synchronous oscillation and a spatial wave that is introduced to represent normal brain activity patterns. Results of computer simulations conform well to the predictions of the DWM. Thus, synchronous brain activities are suggested to be the result of the spatio temporal filter characteristics of the brain layer structures, modified by the neural nonlinearity. PMID- 7353065 TI - Electrical processes involved in the encoding of nerve impulses. AB - A mechanism for impulse encoding is advanced for those neurones whose impulse trigger zone membrane is more excitable than the general axonal membrane. Electrical communication between an electrotonically small patch of highly excitable membrane and neighboring membrane places the control of membrane potential - in varying degree - to the larger membrane area throughout the interspike intervals. That control is relinquished to the trigger membrane near the time of action potential initiation in a natural fashion. Model calculations demonstrate that this mechanism can lead to a dramatic lowering of the minimum stable firing frequency of tonic neurons, and, additionally influence the shape of the stimulus - versus - impulse frequency curve. The results are compared with the behavior of the slowly adapting stretch receptor neuron of the crayfish. PMID- 7353066 TI - An evaluation of nonlinearities in the motor output response to applied torque perturbations in man. AB - Nonlinearities present in the motor output response of biceps and triceps muscles in normal human subjects to applied torque perturbations were evaluated quantitatively. When the applied perturbations were relatively continuous, consisting of a pseudo-random train of pulses, the identified nonlinearities were small, never exceeding 20% of the amplitude of the linear component of the response and usually being much less. PMID- 7353067 TI - Egomotion and relative depth map from optical flow. AB - When an observer moves in a 3D world, optical flow fields are generated on his retina. We argue that such an observer can in principle compute the parameters of his egomotion, and following this, the relative depth map of the stationary environment solely from the instantaneous positional velocity fields (IPVF). Moreover, we argue that in the stationary world, this analysis can be done locally, and is not dependent on global properties of the optical flow under the imposed ocnstraints (smoothness of the egomotion path, rigidity of objects, temporal continuity of perception). To investigate the method, and to analyze its performance, a computer model has been constructed whch simulates an observer moving through a 3D world of stationary rectangular planes at different depths and orientations. The results suggest that the method offers a reasonable and computationally feasible means of extracting information about egomotion and surface layout from optical flows, under certain circumstances. We discuss some issues related to extending the analysis to the case of a rigid world of moving objects, and some issues related to the status of information extractable from optical flows with respect to other sources of information. PMID- 7353068 TI - Enzyme electrode for phenol. AB - An enzyme electrode is described for quantitative determination of phenol at micromolar concentrations. Immobilized phenol hydroxylase is attached to the surface of a Clark oxygen electrode. The maximum rate of oxygen consumption is linearly dependent on phenol concentration over the 0.5-50 microM range. The electrode can be used for at least 150 assays without an activity loss. Readout is very rapid--within 30 sec of sample addition. The electrode response is independent of pH between pH 6.5 and 9.5. The response increases linearly with temperature in the interval 10-40 degrees C. It is necessary to incubate the enzyme electrode in a buffer containing NADPH for a few minutes before the addition of sample. This is to make the electrode response independent of the diffusion rate of this cosubstrate. This and other diffusional effects on the performance of the phenol electrode are discussed. PMID- 7353069 TI - G6PD San Francisco: a new variant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase associated with congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. AB - Congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia in an adult male of Scandinavian ancestry was associated with virtual absence of G6PD activity in red cells. Characterization of G6PD purified from leukocytes using standard WHO techniques revealed diminished electrophoretic mobility, marked lability on heating at 46 degrees C, normal pH optimum and utilization of alternate substrates (2-deoxy G6P, D-amino NADP), elevated Km NADP, and striking susceptibility to NADPH inhibition. The variant G6PD, which appears to be unique, has been designated G6PD San Francisco. An unusual feature of the variant enzyme, susceptibility to inactivation by brief periods of dialysis, could be prevented by addition of 200 microM NADP to the dialysis solution. In red cells, where G6PD activity was essentially absent, regeneration of reduced glutathione was totally curtailed in vitro, while in leukocytes, where residual G6PD activity was approximately 60% of normal, hexose monophosphate shunt activity, oxygen consumption during phagocytosis, and bacterial killing were unimpaired. Thus, instability of the variant enzyme rather than its unfavorable kinetics appeared to be an important determinant of abnormal cell function. PMID- 7353070 TI - Changes in the Con-A-induced redistribution pattern of lymphocytes: a possible aid in the differential diagnosis between malignant lymphoma and other diseases. PMID- 7353071 TI - In vitro tests for distinguishing possible immune-mediated aplastic anemia from transfusion-induced sensitization. AB - Forty-two patients with aplastic anemia (AA) were studied to determine whether or not transfusion-induced sensitization is responsible for the in vitro inhibition by patient lymphocytes of HLA-identical erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E). The results indicate that lymphocytes from 12 of 34 transfused patients inhibited normal colony growth. In contrast, lymphocytes from none of the 8 untransfused patients demonstrated inhibition. These data were interpreted to mean that coculture studies would not be useful for identifying immune-mediated AA in transfused patients. Therefore, in order to identify possible immune-related AA, we assayed BFU-E from patient blood before and after T-cell depletion. In all 32 patients studied, BFU-E failed to grow from peripheral blood cells before T-cell depletion, but in 8 cases, normal-appearing BFU-E grew after T cells had been removed. Growth of patient BFU-E colonies was inhibited in 6 cases when patient T cells were added back to the culture, indicating that in these 6 patients, an "autoimmune" mechanism may have been present. PMID- 7353073 TI - The clinical significance of ferritinuria. AB - Urinary ferritin levels were measured by a "2-site" immunoradiometric assay in normal volunteers and in patients with various hematologic disorders. The mean urinary ferritin concentration in normal subjects averaged 2.2 microgram/liter, only 3% of the serum ferritin level. Elevated urinary ferritin levels averaging 45 microgram/liter were observed in patients with hematologic malignancies, but there was a proportional increase in serum ferritin so that the urinary level still averaged only 7% of the serum value. The highest urinary ferritin values (mean 170 microgram/liter) were associated with chronic hemolytic anemia, and in these patients, urinary ferritin rose disproportionately in relation to the serum, averaging 82% of it. This higher urinary level apparently reflects increased ferritin in renal tubular cells due to glomerular filtration of unbound hemoglobin, a mechanism that is supported by a highly significant correlation between urinary ferritin and serum haptoglobin levels. In normal subjects and in patients with malignancy, the source of urinary ferritin appears different, since a highly significant correlation was observed between urinary ferritin and reticuloendothelial iron stores as measured by serum ferritin or total iron binding capacity. In this setting, the most likely source of urinary ferritin is the iron contained in renal tubular cells, which is apparently in equilibrium with body iron stores. PMID- 7353072 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants: reexamination of G6PD Chicago and Cornell and a new variant (G6PD Pea Ridge) resembling G6PD Chicago. AB - Two large and unrelated families were investigated for hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia associated with deficiency of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). In both families, the kinetic and electrophoretic features of the G6PD variants resembled those of G6PD Chicago. Further investigation revealed that members of one of these families previously had been characterized as having the G6PD variants Chicago and Cornell. However, it is clear that each of these terms has been applied to the same variant in this single large kindred. In the second family, we describe a newly identified variant with unique characteristics, which we have designated G6PD Pea Ridge. G6PD Pea Ridge resembles G6PD Chicago but differs in electrophoretic mobility and in a few kinetic parameters. It exhibits an unusually high Ki for NADPH and thus appears to be insensitive to product inhibition. As other cases previously considered to be the Chicago variant become more fully characterized, this probably will be shown to be a heterogeneous group of variants. PMID- 7353076 TI - Consequences of vitamin-E deficiency on the phagocytic and oxidative functions of the rat polymorphonuclear leukocyte. PMID- 7353075 TI - Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in human myeloma cells. AB - Unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced by melphalan, nitrogen mustard and ultra violet irradiation was studied in bone marrow cells from myeloma patients. In a previous study, normal bone marrow cells in various stages of maturation were found to display a gradual decrease in UDS parallel with the process of maturation. Myeloma cells showed a similar pattern. Poorly differentiated myeloma cells exhibited a similar level of UDS to myeloblasts and erythroblasts. Irrespective of which repair-inducing agent was used, the relationship between the levels of UDS in the various cell types was constant. This indicates that the differences in the level of UDS in the various cell types was not due to differences in the uptake of the repair-inducing agent. PMID- 7353074 TI - Cetiedil: its potential usefulness in sickle cell disease. PMID- 7353077 TI - Focus-forming ability and surface markers of hamster-human malignant lymphoma hybrids. AB - We have examined the properties of hybrid cells formed by polyethylene glycol mediated fusion of the GRC+L-73 line of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with peripheral blood cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or with bone marrow cells from patients with malignant lymphoma. The results indicate that hybrid cells can be detected by their ability to form "foci" of characteristic morphology in the presence of a monolayer of parental CHO cells and that clones isolated from such foci express aspects of the differentiation status, as detected by immunologic markers, of the human parental cells. PMID- 7353078 TI - Augsburg-type glucosephosphate isomerase deficiency. A new variant causing congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia in a German family. AB - In a 1-year-old German boy a GPI deficiency was found to be the cause of a chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia with recurrent hemolytic crises. Because of consanguinity of the parents, the patient is true homozygote. The investigation of the biochemical properties of the deficient enzyme revealed an altered electrophoretic behavior, pronounced thermolability, an increased affinity for G6P, an increased affinity for the competitive inhibitor 6-PG, and slightly changed pH optima for both substrates. Electrophoresis after freezing and thawing the hemolysate indicates that the genetic modification of the subunit involves the mechanism of transforming the main band into the secondary bands. The properties of the new deficient GPI indicate a new variant designated GPI Augsburg. PMID- 7353079 TI - [Improvement of symphilis screening in blood donors by TPHA test (author's transl)]. AB - The introduction of the TPHA test in syphilis screening of blood units donated at the Heidelberg University blood bank resulted in an increase of positive test results from 0.16 precent to 0.64 percent at the first donation. Due to the high specificity of the TPHA and (FTA-Abs) test the number of doubtful and unspecific reaction results was significantly reduced. The result "TPHA and CMT reactive" indicates syphilis to be treated. From 1967--1978 this figure (0.06%--0.07%) has remained unaltered, indicating that the incidence of syphilis among blood donors has not increased. Using the TPHA test it was possible to detect blood donors with a history of syphilis, a group which could not be identified in the past. It is characterized by the reaction pattern "TPHA reactive, CMT not reactive" and is three times as frequent among our donors as the seroreactive group identified by CMT only. If fresh or unsufficiently treated cases of syphilis can be excluded, these results indicate that the individual has had a syphilis sometimes in the past. Application of the TPHA test in blood donor care reduces the risks of blood transfusion and improves the control of venereal diseases as required by law. PMID- 7353082 TI - Intravascular haemolysis and renal failure caused by intermittent rifampicin treatment. AB - Rifampicin is a widely used anti-tuberculous drug. Administered daily, only minimal side-effects occur. With intermittent therapy and, as happened in the present case, when the drug is administered after an interruption of treatment, severe adverse reactions [5] (thrombocytopenia, renal failure, and haemolysis) may occur. PMID- 7353081 TI - Adenine and hypoxanthine metabolism in phythohemagglutinin-stimulated and unstimulated human lymphocytes. AB - The uptake and subsequent metabolism of adenine and hypoxanthine in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated and unstimulated peripheral human blood lymphocytes, freshly prepared or cultured, were studied. To investigate the initial step of nucleic acid metabolism the incorporation of 14C-purines into the acid soluble material was examined. No preferential uptake of adenine or hypoxanthine was observed in freshly prepared and cultured lymphocytes during an incubation of 1 h. However, cultured cells utilized approximately 1/3 of the purines compared to freshly drawn cells. Within the cells 2/3 of adenine and 1/2 of hypoxanthine were metabolized to nucleotides (mainly AMP and ADP). Incubation of lymphocytes with PHA for 1 h produced in the freshly prepared cells an increase of adenine- and hypoxanthine-uptake to 191% and 153%, in 48 h stimulated cells to 158% and 132%. There was, however, no change in the relative rates of the metabolic routes though the intracellular concentrations of nucleotides formed increased with adenine as substrate to 152% and with hypoxanthine to 161% during a 1 h stimulation. In contrast no enhanced formation of acid soluble nucleotide formation could be observed with PHA stimulation during 48 h. The increased rates of purine uptake and metabolism apparent 1 h after addition of mitogen may be due to an altered transport mechanism at the beginning of the transformation as an adaptive response to the increased requirements for the synthetic processes soon to follow. Once the lymphocytes are transformed no demand of purines is necessary and the uptake and metabolism is switched off. PMID- 7353083 TI - Ultrasonic scanning in suspected ectopic pregnancy. AB - A consecutive series of 103 ultrasound examinations for suspected ectopic pregnancy is presented. The positive ultrasound diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was based on the demonstration of fetal heart activity outside the uterus and was correct in four out of four cases. The exclusion of ectopic pregnancy was correct in 71 out of 72 cases. Among 24 patients with an ultrasound report of possible ectopic pregnancy five patients were confirmed to have an ectopic pregnancy. Three patients were lost to follow-up. An echo-free area centrally in the uterus was seen in four out of nine patients with ectopic pregnancy, and may prove useful as a sign of ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 7353085 TI - Target angle and inferential kilovoltage measurement. PMID- 7353086 TI - A new ophthalmic ultrasonic B-scanner. PMID- 7353084 TI - Late functional changes in the vasculature of the rat brain after local X irradiation. AB - The brains of young adult rats were irradiated with doses of 500-4000 rad. At intervals of 3-15 months after irradiation regional changes in the functional vasculature were investigated using the iodoantipyrine extraction technique. Modifications in vascular function were restricted to animals locally irradiated with doses of 2000 and 3000 rad. The first change was observed three months after irradiation and was characterized by a reduction in antipyrine extraction in the mid-brain and brain stem of animals irradiated with 2000 rad. At six and nine months after exposure to both 2000 and 3000 rad significant increases in antipyrine extraction were found in the four brain regions examined, although the effect was greatest in the mid-brain. These results are compared and contrasted with functional changes reported in other normal tissues; the link between these functional changes in the brain vasculature and the appearance of gross vascular lesions after a latent period of one year is discussed. It is suggested that the increase in iodoantipyrine extraction represents a regulatory reaction by the vasculature of the brain to tissue hypoxia and that focal vascular lesions in the brain occur as a consequence of the failure of this reaction to hypoxia. PMID- 7353088 TI - A technique for producing localized measurable hyperthermia in superficial rat tumours using ultra-high frequency currents. PMID- 7353087 TI - A broad band microwave applicator for heating tumours. PMID- 7353080 TI - [Diagnostic value of clinical methods in the staging of abdominal Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Explorative laparotomies were carried out on 68 patients with Hodgkin's disease in the University Hospital of Marburg from 1969 through 1978. These laparotomies were preceded by clinical examination, abdominal sonography in 27 cases, lymphography in 55 cases, scintigraphy of liver and spleen in 58 cases, and radiographic examinations of the intestinal tract in 18 cases. Sonography revealed a greater accuracy (90%) for splenic involvement than scintigraphy (74%); the results of sonography and scintigraphy of the liver were comparable. For the detection of para-aortal lymphomas ultrasound and lymphography can be regarded as complementary methods. Our results are compared with findings in the literature on abdominal sonography (n = 50), scintigraphy of liver and spleen (n = 185), and lymphography (n = 465) carried out before explorative laparotomy for lymphogranulomatosis. There was a better correlation for the systemic symptoms of the 68 patients with the clinical stage than with the pathologic stage. The importance of diagnosing different groups, e.g. in stage III, is stressed. PMID- 7353089 TI - Combined endoscopic and percutaneous trans-cystic approach to a retained common duct stone. PMID- 7353090 TI - De novo development of teeth in a teratoma. PMID- 7353091 TI - Results of treatment of cancer of the cervix at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, 1946-70. PMID- 7353092 TI - Dose rates to staff in the event of failure of beam-control mechanism in cobalt 60 units. PMID- 7353093 TI - Traumatic para-mediastinal air cysts. PMID- 7353094 TI - The measurement of effective photon energy and "linearity" in computerized tomography. AB - Two liquid systems have been developed for the measurement of effective photon energy (Eeff) and "linearity" in computerized tomography (CT). A group of sixteen "keV liquids" enables an Eeff to be rapidly determined, by comparing the CT numbers of the specially formulated organic liquid mixtures with similar data for water. The "linearity" of the CT scanner, relating CT nubers to linear attenuation coefficients, may be investigated using 14 selected organic "linearity liquids". Details of these systems, together with some typical results, are presented. PMID- 7353095 TI - Mortality of male doctors and reductions in cigarette smoking. PMID- 7353096 TI - Hypertension and general practice. PMID- 7353097 TI - Hypertension and general practice. PMID- 7353098 TI - Hypertension and general practice. PMID- 7353100 TI - Drug-induced oesophageal injury. PMID- 7353101 TI - Medical charities, prevention, and the media. PMID- 7353099 TI - Peripheral nerve lesions in the muscle compartment syndrome. PMID- 7353102 TI - Reflux oesophagitis. PMID- 7353103 TI - Erythema something or other. PMID- 7353104 TI - Intermittent venous sampling without heparinisation. PMID- 7353105 TI - Rehabilitation. PMID- 7353106 TI - Incidence of malignant melanoma of the skin in England and Wales. PMID- 7353107 TI - Incidence of malignant melanoma of the skin in England and Wales. PMID- 7353108 TI - Long-term urethral catheter drainage. PMID- 7353109 TI - Sunshine and malignant melanoma. PMID- 7353110 TI - Epileptic drugs and the police. PMID- 7353112 TI - Sustained-release lithium tablets and renal function. PMID- 7353113 TI - Psychoanalysis, psychotherapy, and health services. PMID- 7353111 TI - Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7353114 TI - Paracetamol concentrations, hepatotoxicity, and antidotes. PMID- 7353117 TI - Wanted: a new wound dressing. PMID- 7353118 TI - Diagnostic kits and the clinical chemist. PMID- 7353115 TI - Psychoanalysis, psychotherapy, and health services. PMID- 7353116 TI - Labetalol and priapism. PMID- 7353119 TI - Medically qualified preclinical academics. PMID- 7353121 TI - Deference, authority, flirtation and stealth. PMID- 7353120 TI - Monitoring blood glucose. PMID- 7353122 TI - Academy of medicine. PMID- 7353123 TI - Health visitors and confidentiality. PMID- 7353124 TI - Multidisciplinary teams. PMID- 7353125 TI - Doctors and social workers. PMID- 7353127 TI - A decade for the patient. PMID- 7353126 TI - Mitral resetenosis. PMID- 7353128 TI - Incidences of fatal postoperative pulmonary embolism after prophylaxis with dextran 70 and low-dose heparin: an international multicentre study. AB - A total of 4352 patients were admitted to a prospective' randomised multicentre trial comparing the prophylactic efficacy of dextran 70 and low-dose heparin against fatal pulmonary embolism after elective operations for general, orthopaedic, urological, and gynaecological conditions. Out of 3984 patients correctly admitted, 1993 were allocated to receive dextran 70 and 1991 to receive low-dose heparin. Withdrawal of prophylaxis because of bleeding or technical difficulties occurred more often in the heparin group, but allergic reactions were more common in the dextran group. Of the 75 patients who died within 30 days after operation, 38 had been given dextran and 37 low-dose heparin. Necropsy was performed in 33 and 32 of these cases respectively. In six patients in each group pulmonary embolism was the sole or a contributory cause of death. Of these, five patients in the dextran group and two in the heparin group had received a full course of prophylaxis. There was no statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups in the incidence of fatal pulmonary embolism after a full course of prophylaxis. PMID- 7353129 TI - Trimethoprim resistance in Finland after five years' use of plain trimethoprim. AB - A total of 1388 urinary bacterial pathogens were tested for resistance to plain trimethoprim after five years' use of this drug for prophylaxis against urinary tract infections. Samples were obtained in Turku, Finland, where use of the drug is much greater than in other parts of Finland. Resistance to trimethoprim (greater than 8 mg/l; agar-dilution method) occurred in 20.3% of strains isolated from outpatients and 39.8% of strains isolated from inpatients. Escherichia coli and Micrococcus showed low incidences of resistance (11% and 13% respectively in ouptatients and 23% and 19% respectively in inpatients); Enterobacter, Streptococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis occupied an intermediate position; and Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella were resistant in 41-76% of cases. Similar incidences of resistance were observed to sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole, ampicillin, and nitrofurantoin. These findings together with the rare occurrence of side effects and convenient dosage confirm the usefulness of plain trimethoprim for urinary tract infection. PMID- 7353130 TI - Gastroscopic evaluation of anti-inflammatory agents. AB - Gastroscopy was performed in 164 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 85 with osteoarthritis (OA) to assess the effects of anti-inflammatory agents on the stomach. The main criterion for entry into the trial was the absence of active gastric lesions on pretreatment endoscopy. The patients were divided into groups to receive one of 12 anti-inflammatory drugs or combinations of these. Gastroscopy repeated at three to six and at 12 months disclosed gastric lesions in 78 cases (31%), patients in both disease categories being similarly affected. Lesions occurred in 41 of the 177 patients (23%) receiving a single drug and in 37 of the 72 (51%) receiving combined treatment. All the anti-inflammatory drugs caused gastric damage, the greatest offender being aspirin (13 out of 26 patients) and the least sulindac and diflunisal (two out of 19 (11%) and two out of 20 (10%) patients respectively). Corticosteroids caused gastric damage in only three out of 21 patients (14%), a lower incidence than expected.The indiscriminate prescribing of anti-inflammatory drugs to patients with OA is to be deplored. A lack of correlation between the patients' subjective complaints of gastric discomfort and the gastroscopic findings emphasises the unreliability of patients' complaints and the importance of gastroscopy in assessing gastric tolerance. It was not possible to assess minimal prescribing doses or minimum periods of treatment below which gastric damage may be guaranteed not to occur. PMID- 7353132 TI - Familial prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in relatives of patients with Crohn's disease. PMID- 7353131 TI - Platelet-release reaction in myocardial infarction. AB - A study was made of the platelet-release reaction in heparinised platelet-rich plasma taken from 26 patients, of whom 22 had sustained a definite and four a possible myocardial infarction, and from 54 age-matched controls. No significant differences in reaction were observed between the two groups. Signficant differences were seen, however, between eight patients who died within a year after infarction and the controls (P less than 0.01) and the remaining 18 patients who survived (P = 0.02). These differences were abolished when sodium citrate was included in the experimental procedure. Poor prognosis was thus related to an increased platelet-release reaction after infarction. PMID- 7353133 TI - Tricuspid valve replacement in carcinoid syndrome due to ovarian primary. PMID- 7353135 TI - "Asset stripping" the declining mental hospital. AB - A psychogeriatric day hospital was developed from a long-stay back ward of a large mental hospital whose population of patients had decreased by half. Women in the 70-80 age group with varying degrees of dementia benefited most from such facilities. In view of the current cut-back in Government spending one of the greatest assets in providing a comprehensive service for the elderly mentally infirm may well be found in the declining mental hospital. PMID- 7353134 TI - A four-year prospective study of the work of the practice nurse in the treatment room of a South Yorkshire practice. AB - During a four-year study period 43 985 patients were seen in the treatment room and 61 806 coded procedures carried out. Thirty per cent of these procedures were not part of usual nursing curricula and required initial supervision and assessment or training (or both). Nearly 15% of the patients seen were making a first visit and did not require referral to a doctor. A further 17% were also making a first visit but were referred to a doctor. The treatment room made an important contribution to the work of the practice, but this would not have been possible if the staff concerned had been attached nurses requiring area health authority authorisation for procedures carried out as opposed to practice nurses for whom procedures were authorised on a personal basis. PMID- 7353136 TI - The first year of life: routine examination of the newborn. PMID- 7353137 TI - Breast-feeding in Sarawak. PMID- 7353138 TI - Chiropractic in from the cold? PMID- 7353139 TI - Medium spiny neuron projection from the rat striatum: an intracellular horseradish peroxidase study. AB - The morphological features of striatal projection neurons and the responses of these neurons to electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra were studied in rats through the methods of intracellular recording and intracellular labeling with the enzyme horseradish peroxidase. Under urethane anesthesia, single striatal neurons were first analyzed for responsiveness to nigral stimuli and then filled electrophoretically with the enzyme in order to permit subsequent serial reconstruction. The axon of the medium spiny neuron was found to form an extensive collateral plexus within the striatum before entering the globus pallidus or the internal capsule. These medium spiny projection neurons responded to nigral stimuli with monosynaptic excitation. PMID- 7353140 TI - Trajectory of contralateral entorhinal axons which reinnervate the fascia dentata of the rat following ipsilateral entorhinal lesions. AB - Unilateral destruction of the entorhinal area in the rat results in the proliferation of a pathway from the surviving contralateral entorhinal area to the fascia dentata denervated by the lesions (the crossed temporodentate pathway). The present study analyzes the point of entry of these reinnervating fibers into the fascia dentata, and their trajectory within the reinnervated zones utilizing orthograde transport of tritiated proline or horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Following injections of tritiated proline or HRP into the surviving entorhinal area in animals with long standing unilateral entorhinal lesions labeled axons could be visualized entering the contralateral fascia dentata via two routes. Labeled fibers could be traced from the dorsal hippocampal commissure (the dorsal psalterium) into the rostral tip of the fascia dentata (the fasciola cinerea) and from the terminal field of the crossed temporo ammonic tract in regio superior into adjacent portions of the stratum moleculare of the fascia dentata. Within the stratum moleculare, most of the labeled axons had predominantly a caudal and lateral orientation. Exceptions to this predominant trajectory were found in the case of some of the axons which entered the ventral blade of the rostral fascia dentata, and coursed laterally from their point of entry. Comparisons of the trajectory of the crossed temporodentate projections with that of the normal ipsilateral pathway indicated that while the predominant trajectory of the fibers was roughly comparable, the polarity of the projections was in part opposite. Specifically, the normal ipsilateral pathway travels in a caudorostral direction, while the majority of fibers of the crossed temporodentate pathway apparently project rostrocaudally. The significance of this difference in the pattern of innervation is discussed with respect to the normal functioning of the temporodentate circuitry. PMID- 7353141 TI - Evidence against specificity of electrical stimulation of the nucleus locus coeruleus in activating the sympathetic nervous system in the rat. AB - Electrical stimulation of the central nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) was previously shown to increase activity of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system (SNS) as measured by increases in plasma levels of the norepinephrine (NE) metabolite 3 methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol (MHPG) in the rat. Four experimental approaches were designed to test the specificity of the LC cell group in activating the SNS in the stimulation paradigm. Varying the stimulation current amplitude, varying the site of stimulating electrode placement, and electrolytic lesions of the LC yielded results consistent with the hypothesis that the site of SNS activation was within the anatomical region of the LC cell group. Neurochemical lesioning with intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine, however, did not effectively block the plasma MHPG increase observed after stimulation of the LC region. The possibility that non-noradrenergic cells, fibers of passage, or terminals in the LC region of the midbrain may be responsible for SNS activation when the LC is electrically stimulated is discussed. These studies are pertinent to all studies of LC function which employ electrical stimulation of the LC nucleus, including investigations of the role of the LC in social behavior, intracranial self-stimulation, and blood pressure regulation. PMID- 7353142 TI - Detection thresholds to stimulation of ventrobasal complex in cats. AB - Cats were trained to indicate, by bar pressing for food rewards, their detection of stimulation of the ventrobasal (VB) complex delivered through implanted bipolar electrodes. By varying stimulus intensity it was possible to determine thresholds for detection. Scaling stimulus intensity relative to the appearance of a minimal evoked potential allowed comparisons between animals and also comparisons with results obtained by stimulation of peripheral nerve. Animals could detect VB stimulation, but only at stimulus intensities consistently stronger than those required for minimal appearance of an evoked response in ipsilateral primary somatosensory cortex. Results of VB activation differed from cutaneous nerve effects in that VB detection thresholds were markedly influenced by stimulus frequency. They were lowest at frequencies above 30 Hz and increased greatly at lower frequencies. Discomfort or pain did not seem to result even from relatively high stimulus intensities. The results compare well with observations obtained from stimulation of VB in humans. The appearance of an evoked cortical response is not necessarily correlated with behavior. Under appropriate conditions, behavior can be elicited predictably with minimal electrocortical activity; under other conditions detection may be absent even when large numbers of cortical neurons are activated. We suggest that regions of the cerebral cortex receiving thalamocortical projections from VB may not be essential in the detection process. PMID- 7353143 TI - Effect of estradiol on neurotransmitter sensitive adenylate cyclase. Its possible role in 'sexual differentiation'. AB - Adenylate cyclase activity is lower in the hypothalamus of 5-day-old male rats than in females. This may be due to the presence of estradiol (E2) in this area of the male but not in the female since castration of the newborn male leads to an enzyme activity in the hypothalamus that is indistinguishable from that of the female and androgenization of the newborn female causes an enzyme activity level comparable to that of the male. In the adult, enzyme activity is highest when the concentration of E2 is at its lowest level; adenylate cyclase activity in the hypothalamus-preoptic area was found to be higher in the metestrus female than in proestrus or in the adult male. In vitro E2 was shown to reduce enzyme activity and this reduction was found to be dependent on induction of protein biosynthesis. In addition, there appears to be a requirement for Ca2+ in the E2 induced reduction of cyclase activity. Although F- activates the enzyme in all of the cases studied, the reduction in enzyme activity brought about by E2 is not reversed by F-, suggesting that the effect of E2 is not on the receptor. As sexual differentiation is brought about by the action of E2 during the first week after birth, it seems plausible to suggest that this interaction between hormone and enzyme is an early step in the sexual differentiation of the brain. PMID- 7353144 TI - The action of adenosine on noradrenergic neuronal inhibition induced by stimulation of locus coeruleus. AB - Stimulation of locus coeruleus (LC) has been used to induce a noradrenergic inhibition of neurones in the rat cerebral cortex. The local application of adenosine or adenosine monophosphate by microiontophoresis in the cortex was found to produce a reduction of the evoked inhibition if the purine application was begun 20 sec before LC stimulation, but an enhancement of the inhibition if applied up to 35 sec after the LC stimulation. GABA increased the duration of LC inhibition irrespective of time of application. Adenosine and GABA showed no mutual potentiation, but norepinephrine increased the size of responses to both iontophoretic adenosine and GABA. The adenosine-norepinephrine interaction was synergistic, irrespective of the order of application. It is concluded that adenosine may act both presynaptically to inhibit, and postsynaptically to enhance the effects of noradrenergic neurone activation, the dominant effect observed depending on the temporal relationship between LC activation and adenosine application. PMID- 7353145 TI - Localization of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase within the rat olfactory tubercle. AB - There are three histological layers within the rat olfactory tubercle: plexiform, pyramidal, and polymorphic. We have assayed dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in homogenates of frozen sections cut parallel to these layers. Consecutive sections (16 micrometer) were homogenized in groups of 6. Every seventh section was stained with toluidine blue to monitor the depth and orientation of the plane of section. I report the laminar distribution of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase at two locations within the tubercle where the local topographies are quite different from one another. In the caudomedial tubercle where the parallel alignment of the neuronal layers is clearest, there is a marked gradient in the activity of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase. Its distribution corresponds very closely to the distribution of pyramidal cell bodies and their dendrites in this region of the olfactory tubercle. PMID- 7353146 TI - Synthesis of catecholamines from [3H]tyrosine in brain during the performance of operant behavior. AB - Changes in the synthesis rates of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) in brain were found to accompany the performance of positively reinforced operant behavior in rats. Catecholamine synthesis rates were estimated at short time intervals after the intraventricular injection of [3H]tyrosine with use of a conversion index which expressed the levels of [3H]DA or [3H]NE accumulated in various brain regions as a function of the specific activity of [3H]tyrosine. In rats lever pressing on a fixed ratio 5 schedule of water reinforcement, the DA conversion index in the caudate putamen was 66% higher than in control rats but was not different from control values in the mesolimbic area and hypothalamus. The NE conversion index in operant-performing animals was 48% higher in the hypothalamus than in controls but was unchanged in the mesolimbic area, telencephalon and brainstem. The changes in the CA conversion indices seen during operant performance were associated with increases in the brain levels of [3H]DA or [3H]NE, but were not accompanied by alterations in either the specific activity of [3H]tyrosine or the endogenous levels of catecholamines. The relative increment in the DA conversion index seen in the caudate putamen of operant performing rats was directly proportional to the number of lever presses emitted following [3H]tyrosine administration. These findings indicate that the performance of operant behavior is associated with increases in rate of catecholamine synthesis within select populations of central neurons. PMID- 7353147 TI - Characterization of specific, high-affinity binding sites for L-[3H]glutamic acid in rat brain membranes. AB - L-[3H]Glutamic acid binds reversibly to rat brain membranes with high affinity. Specific binding is linear with tissue concentration and has a pH optimum at neutrality. Saturation isotherms reveal anomolous kinetics of specific binding with an high affinity site with a KD of 11 nM and a lower affinity site with a KD of 80 nM; the Scatchard plots intercept at a common bound/free ratio. Hill plots of the complete saturation isotherms have a slope of 1.0. There are marked regional differences in the distribution of binding sites in rat brain: parietal cortex, frontal cortex, hippocampus greater than striatum greater than thalamus greater than cerebellum, pons-medulla and hypothalamus. Except for a small amount of specific binding in heart, other peripheral tissues do not exhibit specific binding of L-[3H]glutamic acid. Several amino acids with neuroexcitatory effects inhibit the specific binding: L-glutamic acid greater than L-aspartic acid and D,L-homocysteic acid greater than D-glutamic acid and L-cysteine sulfinic acid; related amino acids without neuroexcitatory effects do not inhibit specific binding. Reputed antagonists of glutamate-induced neuronal depolarization block specific binding: alpha-aminoadipic acid greater than 2-amino,4-phosphonobutyric acid greater than glutamate diethylester. Prior kainate lesion of the neurons intrinsic to the striatum results in a 45% decrement in specific binding of L [3H]glutamic acid whereas cortical ablation, which causes degeneration of a cortical-striatal glutamatergic projection and reduces striatal glutamate synaptosomal uptake, does not affect specific binding. These results are compatible with the interpretation that the binding of [3H]glutamic acid occurs at excitatory receptors on neurons. PMID- 7353148 TI - Distributions of vibrissae afferent fiber collaterals in the trigeminal nuclei as revealed by intra-axonal injection of horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 7353149 TI - Retrograde fluorescent tracing of substantia nigra neurons combined with catecholamine histofluorescence. PMID- 7353150 TI - The effect of bilateral partial tectal ablation on optic nerve innervation in adult goldfish. PMID- 7353151 TI - Morphological characteristics of retinal ganglion cells projecting to the suprachiasmatic nucleus: a horseradish peroxidase study. PMID- 7353152 TI - Ontogeny of synapses in a sexually dimorphic part of the preoptic area in the rat. PMID- 7353153 TI - Can CA3 epileptiform discharge induce bursting in normal CA1 hippocampal neurons? PMID- 7353154 TI - Internal desynchronization between two identified circadian oscillators in Aplysia. PMID- 7353155 TI - Changes in striatal neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and non-neuronal enolase (NNE) following kainic acid administration. PMID- 7353156 TI - A clonal rat pheochromocytoma cell line possesses synthesizing ability of gamma aminobutyric acid together with catecholamine and acetylcholine. PMID- 7353157 TI - In vitro experiments on the metabolism, uptake and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in bovine retina. AB - The accumulation, metabolism and potassium-induced release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in bovine retinae was studied. When isolated retina pieces were incubated at 37 degrees C in a medium containing [14C]5-HT, tissue:medium ratios of about 5 were obtained after only 10 min. Within this time the accumulated amine is hardly metabolized and even after a 60 min period, only approximately 12% of the amine is metabolized to form 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. The process responsible for this accumulation showed properties of an active transport system: it was temperature-sensitive, sodium-dependent and inhibited in particular by Lilly 110140, chlorimipramine and desimipramine. The uptake of [14C]5-HT was saturated with increasing 5-HT concentrations and could be accounted for by two saturable processes; a high-affinity system with a Km1 of 1.3 X 10(-7) M and Vmax1 of 0.65 pmol/mg/10 min, and a low affinity system with a Km2 of 1.2 X 10(-5) and Vmax2 of 29 pmol/mg/10 min. A rapid efflux of [14C]5-HT from tissue loaded with [14C]amine was observed when exposed to 70 mM KCl. This release was inhibited when the calcium content in the medium was replaced by sucrose. Cobalt ions added to the incubation medium also counteracted the effect of KCl, while chlorimipramine added to the medium enhanced the release of 5-HT caused by KCl. Bovine retinae also possess the enzymes necessary to produce 5-HT from tryptophan. These data generally support the idea that 5-HT is a transmitter in the retina, although as this study shows, the amine is present only in minute quantities. PMID- 7353158 TI - Electrophysiological interactions of enkephalins with neuronal circuitry in the rat hippocampus. I. Effects on pyramidal cell activity. AB - Effects of enkephalins on hippocampal pyramidal cell activity were studied in situ and in the in vitro hippocampal slice. Active enkephalin derivatives produced a dose-dependent naloxone-reversible excitation in both preparations whereas inactive enkephalin derivatives had no effect. Several different types of experiments, carried out in the slice, strongly suggest that this excitation is due to blockade of inhibitory pathways. First, when the pyramidal cell population spike is increased during enkephalin administration, no change is seen in the simultaneously recorded EPSP. Second, the magnitude of the enkephalin effect is highly correlated with the amount of inhibition, as judged by paired-pulse stimulation, initially present in the slice. Third, if inhibitory pathways are depressed by a brief period of hypoxia, enkephalin has little effect. Finally, enkephalin responses are mimicked by picrotoxin, which selectively antagonizes inhibitory input to the pyramidal neuron. Since enkephalins do not block the effects of GABA, the putative inhibitory transmitter, these data suggest that opioid peptides depress the inhibitory interneurons and disinhibit the pyramidal cells. PMID- 7353159 TI - Electrophysiological interactions of enkephalins with neuronal circuitry in the rat hippocampus. II. Effects on interneuron excitability. AB - The effects of active and inactive enkephalin derivatives and naloxone on putative interneurons were studied in the in vitro hippocampal slice. Inhibitory interneurons were recorded from extracellularly, and identified electrophysiologically on the basis of their characteristic action potential shape and pattern of evoked firing in response to single and multiple electrical stimuli. Active enkephalin derivatives elicited a dose-dependent depression in excitability whereas inactive derivatives had no effect. Naloxone reliably and reproducibly antagonized the depressant action of active enkephalins. These data confirm the hypothesis outlined in the preceding communication, that the direct effect of enkephalins in the hippocampus is a depression of firing of inhibitory neurons, and support the hypothesis that enkephalin-induced excitations of pyramidal cells are brought about by disinhibition. PMID- 7353160 TI - Thresholds of mechanosensitive afferents in the human hand as measured with von Frey hairs. PMID- 7353161 TI - Spatial properties of the population of mechanoreceptive units in the glabrous skin of the human hand. AB - Impulses were recorded in low threshold mechanoreceptive afferents innervating the glabrous skin area of the human hand by means of needle electrodes percutaneously inserted in the median nerve of waking human subjects. In accordance with earlier investigations, the units were separated into 4 groups, mainly on the basis of their adaptation and receptive field properties: RA, PC, SA I and SA II units. The extent of the receptive fields of 255 units were mapped with von Frey hairs. The fields of the RA and SA I units were of similar size with medians of 12.6 sq. mm and 11.0 sq. mm. In contrast, the fields of the SA II and PC units were about 5 and 10 times larger, respectively. A difference in size between fields from different skin regions was found only for the RA fields which were smaller the more distal the skin region. The distributions of the field sizes were positively skewed for all 4 unit types. A model was constructed of the population of RA and SA I fields within the various regions of the hand. The model was based on (i) an estimate of the densities of units reported in a previous study, and (ii) the sizes of the receptive fields. The number and the spatial distribution of the fields which would be stimulated by indentations of simple and defined geometries were deduced from the model. The findings indicate that the RA and SA I units provide the information required for the psychophysical capacity of spatial analysis and discrimination in the glabrous skin of the hand. PMID- 7353162 TI - Phylogenetic distribution of bicuculline-sensitive gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) receptor binding. AB - Bicuculline-sensitive [3H]GABA receptor binding was studied in membrane fractions prepared from vertebrate whole brain or invertebrate cephalic ganglia. In tissue not treated with Triton X-100, a significant amount of bicuculline-displaceable [3H]GABA binding was detected in the brains of all vertebrates studied, with the hagfish brain binding over twice as much [3H]GABA as the spiny dogfish, the next oldest species. All other vertebrates bound similar amounts of [3H]GABA, being one-third to one-fourth that observed in the hagfish. In contrast, after Triton treatment, the hagfish displayed the least amount of bicuculline-sensitive [3H]GABA binding and, under those conditions, the amount of binding observed increased in an evolutionary fashion. No measurable bicuculline-sensitive GABA receptor binding was noted in any invertebrate studied. These results suggest that bicuculline-sensitive GABA receptors are present in the brains of all vertebrates and that during the course of evolution there developed a Triton sensitive substance(s) whose presence modifies the kinetic properties of this receptor site. PMID- 7353163 TI - Ontogeny of muscarinic receptors in rat brain. AB - The ontogeny of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the rat brain has been examined using the radioligands, [3H]N-methylscopolamine, [3H]propylbenzilylcholine and [3H]oxotremorine-M. In the 3 regions of the brain selected for study, the cerebral cortex, the diencephalon and the medulla-pons, the receptors develop at different rates. The most rapid development takes place in the medulla with considerably slower maturation in the diencephalon and cerebral cortex. In the cortex, the agonist binding properties of the muscarinic receptors vary during development. There appears to be a 6--7 day lag in the appearance of high affinity sites following formation of low affinity sites. PMID- 7353164 TI - Hormone-induced enlargement of receptive fields in trigeminal mechanoreceptive neurons. II. Possible mechanisms. AB - Several possible mechanisms to account for hormone-induced enlargement of receptive field areas of individual mechanoreceptive trigeminal neurons of the rat were investigated. Mechanoreceptor sensitivity was estimated by receptive field thresholds and showed no consistent change following systemic estrogen treatment. Alteration of the viscoelastic properties of skin was suggested as 10 days of estrogen treatment caused an acute epidermal hyperplasia (38.7%), but force-displacement measurements revealed no significant change in skin distensibility. Interestingly, both chemical (6-hydroxydopamine) and surgical sympathectomy mimicked the effect of estrogen on receptive field areas by promoting dramatic enlargement of individual neuronal fields without decreasing receptive field force thresholds. Among skin samples from estrogen, 6 hydroxydopamine and surgical sympathectomized animals, only 6-hydroxydopamine treatment caused any significant alteration in skin norepinephrine content. These results strongly suggest an indirect catecholamine involvement in estrogen induced enlargement of receptive field areas. PMID- 7353165 TI - Operating range and maximum response of single auditory nerve fibers. PMID- 7353166 TI - Human motoneuron responses to group 1 volleys blocked presynaptically by vibration. PMID- 7353168 TI - Alteration of the glycolipid biosynthesis in the hypopituitary dwarf mouse. PMID- 7353167 TI - Autoradiographic localization of [3H]estradiol related to steroid responsiveness in cultures of the newborn mouse hypothalamus and preoptic area. PMID- 7353169 TI - Intracranial self-stimulation in relation to the ascending dopaminergic systems of the midbrain: a moveable electrode mapping study. AB - Chronically implanted moveable electrodes were used to map the midbrain and caudal diencephalon for intracranial self-stimulation in relation to the ascendindg dopamine systems as revealed by fluorescence histochemistry. In the diencephalon the lowest self-stimulation thresholds and the highest response rates were in the areas traversed by the dopamine fiber bundles. In the midbrain, self-stimulation was restricted to the layer of dopamine containing cell bodies. Self-stimulation current thresholds and responses rates were proportional to the density of dopaminergic elements surrounding the electrode tip; the lowest thresholds and highest response rates were associated with the densest packing of dopaminergic neurons. However, not all portions of the dopamine cell groups supported self-stimulation. Self-stimulation was not obtained from the caudal poles of the A9 and A10 groups, nor from the A8 cell group. These findings suggest that a certain population of dopaminergic neurons directly participates in what is probably a multiple-link circuitry subserving positive reinforcement. PMID- 7353170 TI - Age-related changes in the neurosensory epithelium of the mouse vomeronasal organ: extended period of postnatal growth in size and evidence for rapid cell turnover in the adult. AB - The total number of neurosensory cells in the mouse vomeronasal organ was estimated during postnatal development by counting the cell density and measuring the total volume of the neurosensory cell layer. There is a 43% increase in neurosensory cell number between 1 and 4 months of age, followed by a 21% fall in cell number between 4 and 8 months. There is no further significant change in cell number between 8 and 18 months of age. Cell division was shown to be occurring in the vomeronasal organ of animals at 7 months of age by labelling dividing cells with [3H]thymidine continuously administered by means of implanted 'osmotic pumps'. At least 1 in 6 cells were labelled by 12 days of thymidine administration, indicating a turnover time of 2--3 months for the whole epithelium. This raises the general problem of how a fixed central nervous system accommodates a changing peripheral input. PMID- 7353171 TI - Spatial sharpening by second-order trigeminal neurons in crotaline infrared system. AB - Neural responses in the nucleus of the lateral descending tract of the trigeminal nerve (LTTD) of the rattlesnake Crotalus viridis were recorded. Neurons in the LTTD respond phasically to infrared stimulation of the pit organ, in contrast to the tonic responses that have been reported for the primary afferents. The receptive field dimensions of LTTD neurons are smaller than those of the primary afferents; some LTTD neurons have inhibitory regions within their receptive fields. The smaller receptive fields of neurons in the LTTD, as well as the phasic responses of these cells, might be a result of this inhibition. This is an instance of spatial sharpening and possibly enhancement of responses to time changing stimuli due to excitatory and inhibitory neural interactions in a primary trigeminal nucleus. PMID- 7353172 TI - Neuronal firing patterns in the feline hippocampus during sleep and wakefulness. AB - The study addressed the problem of information transmission in mammalian brain as reflected in the emergence or disappearance of temporal patterns in extracellularly monitored single action potentials from the dorsal hippocampus of unrestrained cats during slow wave sleep (SWS), rapid eye movement sleep (REM), and motionless quiet wakefulness (QW). The spike trains were analyzed with a nonparametric technique. Chi-square statistics were used to measure deviation of firing patterns from the theoretical model which is based on the assumption that the intervals are random and/or independent from each other. The plots of the chi square values for a given set of patterns represented the neuronal 'signatures' characteristic of a behavioral state. During SWS most neurons followed the theoretical model, i.e. their 'signatures' were flat and statistically non significant. However, during REM sleep and QW their firing modes showed specific deviations from the theoretical model: some patterns occurred more often while others less often than expected, thus generating large and statistically significant 'signatures'. During REM sleep some neurons shared similar tendencies in their departures from the theoretical model. However, during QW the same neurons developed their individual 'signatures' which were significantly different from each other. Hence, the QW episodes were characterized by a greater differentiation of neuronal firing patterns. The mean firing rate and the shape of the time interval histogram were not necessarily correlated with the emergence of specific temporal patterns in spike trains. The results suggest that information transmission from one neuron to another depends on the emergence of repetitive and specific temporal patterns. The strong tendency of most neurons to lapse during SWS into a firing mode that closely follows the theoretical model constitutes the basis for a working hypothesis which states that the essence of SWS recovery in cognitive systems is the disappearance of temporal patterns, and that the 'noisy' interactions between neurons plays an important role in the recuperative processes. PMID- 7353173 TI - Stability of muscarinic-cholinergic receptor activity in the deafferented retinotectal pathway. AB - The high-affinity antagonist, 3-quinuclidinyl benzilidate (QNB), was used to analyze muscarinic-cholinergic receptor activity in the optic tectum of goldfish and optic lobe of developing chicks and adult pigeons after deafferentation. After deafferentation no significant loss of total or specific muscarinic receptor binding activity was observed in contrast to prior experiments where there was a marked and rapid loss of nictonic-cholinergic receptor binding activity, as measured by alphabungarotoxin binding. The relative stability of the muscarinic site as opposed to the instability of the nicotinic site in these experiments is discussed. PMID- 7353175 TI - Synaptogenesis in the intermediate gray region of the lumbar spinal cord in the postnatal rat. AB - Mid-thoracic spinal cord transection produces dramatically different behavioral results depending upon a rat's age at the time of surgery. The present study was initiated to determine whether the synaptic development in the gray matter of the normal, developing spinal cord differs before and after the period when maximal behavioral recovery occurs. The L6 segments from 10 groups of animals, 0--30 days of age, taken at 3 day intervals (4 animals/group) were studied by light microscopy. Areal measurements of the gray matter were made using an integrating x-y tablet interfaced to a computer. Cell size, cell density and area of neuropil were evaluated in the lateral portions of the intermediate gray matter, laminae VI and VII. Electron microscopic analyses of synaptogenesis were performed on material from the same region in animals 3, 12, 15, 21 and 30 days old using similar morphometric methods while taking note of vesicle, junctional, and mitochondrial morphology. A 60% increase in area of neuropil paralleled a linear increase, of comparable magnitude, in area of the gray matter until 15 days of age when both curves reached plateau. Neuronal perikaryal size remained constant (congruent to 200 sq. microns in plane of nucleolus) throughout development and so could not have contributed to the increase in area of gray matter. Areal measurements of the size and counts of the number of vesicle containing profiles demonstrated a 50% increase in density of axon terminals between 3 and 12 days of age and a steady decline thereafter. The size of vesicle-containing profiles in laminae VI and VII remained constant at a small value (congruent to 0.35 sq microns) until 12 days of age, showed rapid growth to 0.54 sq. microns between 12 and 15 days of age, followed by a more moderate increase in sectional area after 15 days. These results suggest that during the period when recovery of function follows spinal injury, synaptogenesis in the intermediate gray region of the lumbar spinal cord proceeds rapidly, while at stages when little recovery of function follows spinal transection, synaptogenesis is essentially complete. PMID- 7353174 TI - Effects of TEA on hippocampal neurons. AB - The effects of the potassium channel blockers, tetraethylammonium (TEA) and tetramethylammonium (TMA) on behavior of hippocampal CA1 neurons were studied in the in vitro slice preparation. Intracellular injections of TEA produced marked spike broadening, increased input resistance, and a prolongation of a putative slow calcium-activated afterhyperpolization (AHP). Little effect was seen on synaptic potentials. Bursting activity induced by TEA in hippocampal neurons was qualitatively different from the epileptiform bursting induced by raising extracellular potassium concentrations or by including penicillin in the bathing medium. Effects of TMA were qualitatively similar to those of TEA, but much slower and less dramatic. The results suggested that there were at least two different potassium channels in the membranes of hippocampal CA1 neurons, and that both were important in determining normal neuronal activity. TEA appeared to preferentially block a fast, voltage-dependent potassium conductance (gk); however, it also modified the slow, calcium-activated gk. Although cell bursting activity may have resulted from blockade of a gk produced by TEA treatment, the epileptiform bursts produced by penicillin exposure appeared to be independent of this mechanism. PMID- 7353176 TI - Convergence of excitatory amygdaloid and hippocampal input in the nucleus accumbens septi. PMID- 7353177 TI - Evidence for ionic channels in cultured chick embryonic CNS cells. PMID- 7353178 TI - Response of rabbit horizontal cells to a contrast reversal stimulus. PMID- 7353179 TI - Morphine and enkephalin effects on hypothalamic glucoresponsive neurons. PMID- 7353180 TI - Afferent projections to the dorsal and ventral respiratory nuclei in the medulla oblongata of the cat studied by the horseradish peroxidase technique. PMID- 7353181 TI - On the neuronal origin of the afferents to the ciliary ganglion in cat. PMID- 7353182 TI - Retinal projections in the Australian lungfish. AB - Autoradiographic analysis of the primary retinofugal projections in the Australian lungfish reveals contralateral retinal projections to a ventral portion of the periventricular preoptic nucleus, throughout its rostrocaudal extent, and to 4 distinct terminal fields in the thalamus. Only one of these thalamic fields (t4) likely receives dendrites solely from dorsal thalamic neurons. Thalamic terminal field 1 probably receives dendrites from both dorsal and ventral thalamic neurons, and fields 2 and 3 from only ventral thalamic neurons. Contralateral retinofugal fibers terminate in the pretectum and in the superficial and central tectal zones. The central tectal terminal field is restricted to the medial one-third of the tectum. At pretectal levels a contralateral basal optic tract arises from the marginal optic tract and terminates along the lateral edge of the tegmentum, as a series of glomerular puffs, and in the rostral pole of a superficial isthmal nucleus. The Australian lungfish, unlike the African and South American lungfish, possesses ipsilateral retinal projections to all of the nuclei that receive contralateral retinal input. PMID- 7353183 TI - Reversible morphological alterations of cortical neurons in juvenile and adult hypothyroidism in the rat. AB - We have studied: (i) whether or not hypothyroidism induced experimentally in the adult rat affects the number and distribution of spines along the apical shaft of pyramidal cells from the visual cortex; and (ii) whether treatment with thyroid hormone would reverse such changes. Two experiments were performed. Experiment A involved the study of rats which were thyroidectomized (T) at 40 or at 120 days of age, killed at 120 and 220 days of age, respectively, data being compared to those of adequate sex and age-paired controls. Experiment B involved rats which were T at 40 days of age; they were subdivided into two groups, one of which was left untreated and the other received 0.2 microgram of thyroxine/100 g body weight/day for 25 days. Both groups were killed at 90 days of age. We found that: (i) T at 40 and at 120 days of age resulted in a decrease of the number of spines and a derangement of their distribution along the shaft, the observed changes being qualitatively comparable to those previously described for rats T at 10 days of age; and (ii) preliminary results from experiment B indicate that the observed changes in neuronal morphology might be reversible. It is suggested that age-independent and reversible alterations of learning capacity and electrocortical activity of hypothyroid rats might have age-independent and reversible morphological correlates at the level of the cortex. PMID- 7353184 TI - Effect of temperature, time and fascicle size on the caffeine contracture test. PMID- 7353185 TI - Comparison of effects of several inhalation anaesthetics on caffeine-induced contractures of normal and malignant hyperthermic skeletal muscle. AB - We have compared the combined effects of halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and methoxyflurane on caffeine-induced contractures of normal and malignant hyperthermia susceptible (MHS) skeletal muscle fascicles. We have found that caffeine contractures without and with the addition of any of these four anaesthetics are higher in MHS than in normal muscle. The differences between the normal and MHS muscle are about the same for all drug combinations. For all four anaesthetics the degree of increase of the contracture is about the same in the normal as in the MHS muscle. For both the MHS and the normal muscle the caffeine contractures are from greatest to least: halothane greater than isoflurane greater than enflurane greater than methoxyflurane. Examination of the relationships among the caffeine specific concentrations in the presence of the various anaesthetics shows significant differences for the comparisons of halothane with the other three anaesthetics but, for the most part, the comparisons among methoxyflurane, enflurane and isoflurane are not meaningful statistically. PMID- 7353186 TI - Porcine malignant hyperthermia--failure of dantrolene dose response to diagnose susceptibility (halothane effect). AB - Dantrolene, a skeletal muscle relaxant, has been proven prophylactic and therapeutic for malignant hyperthermia (MH) in swine. This study examined the feasibility of using a dantrolene dose response as measured by indirectly evoked foretoe twitch depression as a means to safely discriminate MH susceptibility in swine. The effect of halothane on the dantrolene response was quantified. Subjects were five Poland China malignant hyperthermia susceptible (MHS) and five Hampshire malignant hyperthermia resistant (MHR) swine. Dantrolene dose response was determined twice in each anaesthetized subject, once with thiopentone and subsequently with thiopentone and halothane. Dantrolene in incremental doses, 0.15 mg.kg-1, was given to a cumulative dose of 2--3 mg.kg-1. Under thiopentone anaesthesia, the dantrolene dose responses were similar in MHS and MHR animals. The presence of halothane augmented dantrolene twitch depression in MHS but not MHR animals when compared to their response under thiopentone. Under halothane, the MHS animals had significantly augmented dantrolene response compared to MHR pigs, but three MHS animals had developed the MH syndrome prior to receiving dantrolene. We conclude that dantrolene muscle relaxant dose response cannot be used as a diagnostic test for MHS in swine. Halothane augments dantrolene twitch depression in MHS swine. PMID- 7353187 TI - Surgical stimulation does not enhance ventilatory chemoreflexes during enflurane anaesthesia in man. AB - To assess the impact of surgical stimulation on regulation of ventilation in anaesthetized man, we measured ventilation and the ventilatory responses to either hyperoxic hypercapnia or to isocapnic hypoxaemia in fifteen subjects anaesthetized with enflurane 1.1 MAC, just prior to and then during a surgical procedure. Anaesthesia alone reduced ventilation, increased PaCO2, decreased the response to carbon dioxide and virtually abolished the response to hypoxaemia. The addition of operation at the same level of anaesthesia augmented ventilation and reduced PaCO2, but did not improve the anaesthesia-induced impairment of the responses to hypercarbia and hypoxaemia. Over the range of PCO2 and PO2 values studied, the effects of surgery were constant and independent of chemical drive. PMID- 7353188 TI - The absence of antagonism by naloxone during halothane/nitrous oxide anaesthesia in man. AB - Sixteen patients were studied to determine if naloxone could be shown to affect general anaesthesia with halothane and oxygen or nitrous oxide and oxygen with halothane. Changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, electroencephalogram and evidence of physical response were observed. The end-tidal halothane and carbon dioxide were controlled. The temperature and blood gases were held constant, as was the degree of neuromuscular blockade. Naloxone 1.2 mg was administered during general anaesthesia with either halothane in oxygen or halothane with nitrous oxide to 16 patients who were premedicated without a narcotic. No significant responses were recorded. PMID- 7353189 TI - Cimetidine premedication in elective caesarean section. AB - A single intramuscular injection of Cimetidine was compared to oral antacid premedication in 17 patients undergoing elective Caesarean section. Seven patients in the Cimetidine group and four in the antacid group had gastric volumes in excess of 50 ml after induction of anaesthesia, while two patients in each group had gastric pH less than 2.5 after induction. Cimetidine was as effective as antacid in raising gastric pH but neither was completely reliable. This study reconfirms the high gastric volumes in pregnant patients with the need for preventative measures against aspiration during the induction of anaesthesia. PMID- 7353190 TI - Reduction of postoperative vomiting by preoperative administration of oral metoclopramide. AB - Preoperative oral metoclopramide was evaluted as a postoperative antiemetic agent. Two series of approximately one hundred patients were investigated in this context. One series was carefully controlled with regard to anaesthetic agents and technique. The other series had only one criterion of admission--the exclusion of narcotics. All patients received metoclopramide 20 mg by mouth or a placebo two hours before anaesthesia in a randomized double-blind fashion. A significant reduction in postoperative symptoms of antiperistalsis was observed in the metoclopramide-treated patients. On closer scrutiny it became apparent that, under these circumstances, metoclopramide is significantly more effective in males. PMID- 7353191 TI - Effects of ketamine and halothane on normal and asthmatic smooth muscle of the airway in guinea pigs. AB - In vitro preparations of trachea isolated from normal and asthmatic guinea pigs were used to measure their maximum contractile response to histamine challenge and to determine spontaneous relaxation of smooth muscle of the airway. The effect of ketamine and halothane on these reactions was investigated. The optimal ketamine concentration was found to be 10 micrograms/ml. This dose attenuated the maximum contraction and produced greater relaxation (p less than 0.01) of isolated trachea. However, ketamine failed to prevent an anaphylactic (Schultz Dale) response when antigen (one per cent albumin) was added in an experimental chamber containing pre-sensitized guinea pig trachea. In contrast, halothane abolished any response to histamine challenge and prevented development of the Schultz-Dale response of smooth muscle from the airway of asthmatic guinea pigs. PMID- 7353193 TI - Particulate contamination in selected parenteral drugs. AB - The particulate contamination of five frequently prescribed drugs was studied. Samples were obtained in a laminar flow workbench according to millipore technique. The dry sample filters were examined with a binocular microscope at 50x and 100x. Particles were sized as to fibers, greater than 100 microns, 51 to 100 microns, 25 to 50 microns, and 10 to 24 microns. The results show the variability of contamination. Particulate counts appear to correlate with the manufacturing process. Bulk powders are highly contaminated, followed by lyophilize powders, then stable solutions. Until the clinical importance is resolved and manufacturing processes improved, in-line filters may be of value in selected patients. PMID- 7353192 TI - Haemodynamic effects of intravenous methadone anaesthesia in dogs. PMID- 7353194 TI - Pulmonary embolism during operation. AB - A case of intra-operative pulmonary embolism is reported. Though this is evidently a rare occurrence, the diagnosis should be seriously considered when unexplained hypoxia occurs during operation. Appropriate investigation and treatment can then be initiated promptly. PMID- 7353195 TI - Non-ketotic hyperglycinaemias. PMID- 7353196 TI - Treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma with vinblastine. AB - Fourteen patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KSY were treated systemically with vinblastine sulfate in a low-dose regimen and compared with 23 patients reported in the medical literature. The therapeutic results in our series were excellent in terms of regression of cutaneous lesions. Vinblastine appears to be a drug that is well suited for the management of KS in an outpatient setting. Intravenous therapy may be supplemented with intralesional or intraarterial vinblastine. PMID- 7353197 TI - Chemoprevention of development of colonic adenomatosis and carcinomatosis with intrarectal dose of 5-FU on animal model. AB - This study concerns the treatment by chemotherapy of carcinogenically-induced cancers in the colons of rats. These cancers mimic adenomatosis and carcinomatosis in humans. We believed that they could be prevented or regulated from growing into grossly visible tumors by the intrarectal administration of 5 fluorouracil if the treatment was started on nascent cancers. The incidence of colon carcinoma and the number of tumors per rat were significantly lower in rats treated by this method than in the control rats. Furthermore, some of the small tumors visible by endoscopy disappeared with treatment. This beneficial effect appeared to be due to the direct delivery of an active form of anticancer drug administered in high concentration to the target lesions in the colon mucosa, and carried fewer side effects when compared to other parenteral administrations. PMID- 7353198 TI - Quantitation of the late effects of X-radiation on the large intestine. AB - A model for quantitating late effects of x-radiation on the large intestine utilizing the rectum of the Sprague-Dawley rat is reported. This model was constructed prefatory to establishing relative biological effectiveness for negative pions as a component of preclinical trials at the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physics Facility, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico. The endpoint involves microscopic evaluation of the severity of the experimental lesion, compared with surgically resected bowel lesions we have studied following clinical radiation exposure of the bowel. Individual components of the overall lesion include mucosal ulceration, atypical epithelial regeneration, colitis cystica profunda, fibrosis, and vascular sclerosis. Dose response curves were established for animals receiving 1, 2, 5 and 10 fractions with groups sacrificed at both four and 12 months after completion of radiation exposures. PMID- 7353199 TI - Cytokinetic evaluation in human head and neck cancer by autoradiography and DNA cytofluorometry. AB - As part of a comprehensive research program on cell proliferation characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma in humans and the relation of these characteristics to treatment, 4 untreated cases of head and neck cancer and 2 recurrences were studied. Previously, cell kinetics following the percent labelled mitoses method were done and the same carcinomas now studied by measuring microfluorometrically the time distribution of the nuclear DNA content. Two cases were characterized by a homogeneous cell population, whereas in 2 other cases, two cycling subpopulations distinguished by their DNA content were encountered. The clinical response was not related to the occurrence of single- or multiple-cell populations. In all cases, a great variability in the mitotic index (MI) and in the proportion of cells in the different cycle phases was found. The heterogencity in the proliferative structure of these tumors stresses the need for a greater accuracy in performing cell kinetics studies in vivo and could account for the difficulties in devising a therapeutic regimen based on cycle or phase-specific agents. PMID- 7353200 TI - Polymorphonuclear neutrophil function in malignant lymphomas and effects of splenectomy. AB - Granulocyte (PMN) directional locomotion (migration) in vitro and in vivo, resting nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-reduction and adherence to nylon wool of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) were assayed in 7 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and in 11 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) prior to therapy. In most patients with HD, NBT-reduction was increased and in all directional locomotion was markedly decreased both in vitro and in vivo. In addition to being depressed, accumulation of PMN into skin chambers in patients with HD correlated with the peripheral blood count (r = 0.95). In vitro directional migration of PMN in NHL was depressed in half the patients, but increased in the in vivo assay. After splenectomy, PMN-adherence tended to increase and NBT-reduction to decrease. These findings are compatible with a constant cellular defect of PMN in HD, whereas in NHL abnormal PMN function is more likely mediated by extracellular factors. Abnormal PMN function may correlate with clinical susceptibility to infection in malignant lymphomas. PMID- 7353201 TI - Relationship of metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma to calcitonin content of pheochromocytomas: an immunohistochemical study. AB - Immunoperoxidase studies have been utilized to investigate further the previously reported presence of immunoassayable calcitonin in pheochromocytoma tissue from some patients with MEN II syndromes. We have been able to demonstrate calcitonin in pheochromocytoma tissue only in two patients with MEN II syndromes in whom the pheochromocytomas contained metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma. In both cases, the calcitonin was present only in the medullary carcinoma. We have not been able to demonstrate immunoreactive calcitonin in normal adrenal glands or in pheochromocytomas of other patients with and without MEN syndromes. Adrenal medullary cells and thyroid C cells are both of neural crest origin and both possess APUD characteristics. The presence of calcitonin in medullary thyroid carcinoma cells and not in pheochromocytes has important implications with regard to cellular differentiation and peptide hormone production. PMID- 7353203 TI - Benign lipoblastomatosis: ultrastructure and histogenesis. AB - Ultrastructural study of a case of benign lipoblastomatosis revealed a cellular spectrum which included undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, stellate myxoid cells, fibroblasts, lipoblasts, lipocytes and many intermediate forms. The uni- and multivacuolated fat cells contained membrane and non-membrane bound cytoplasmic vacuoles, predominatly of saturated lipid. Their cytoplasm also contained simple-structured mitochondria devoid of intramatrical or crystalloid bodies. The fine structure of the cellular components of lipoblastomatosis supports the concept that this is a neoplasm related to fetal white fat rather than to brown fat. PMID- 7353202 TI - Immunohistological localization of ligandin in human tissues. AB - An immunohistochemical localization of ligandin was undertaken in formalin fixed and paraffin wax embedded human tissues using the indirect immunoperoxidase (PAP) method and a monospecific antiligandin serum raised in rabbits. A substance reacting with this antiligandin serum was distributed diffusely in normal liver and selectively in kidney, intestine, testis, ovary and adrenal cortex. Small changes in the distribution and intensity of the reaction product were found in inflammatory conditions such as hepatitis, cholestasis, pyelonephritis and renal allograft rejection. Tissues which normally appear to contain abundant ligandin produce, as a general rule, easily demonstrate amounts of antiligandin reacting substance in the tumors and hyperplasias which arise from them. PMID- 7353204 TI - Antipyrine metabolism in cancer patients. PMID- 7353205 TI - Angiomatoid neuroblastoma with cytoplasmic glycogen: a case report and histogenetic considerations. AB - A case of angiomatoid neuroblastoma with intracytoplasmic glycogen demonstrable by both light and electron microscopy is presented. A review of the histogenesis of the adrenal medulla indicates that glycogen-containing tumors of the adrenal medulla originate from a more primitive cell than their non-glycogen-containing counterparts. PMID- 7353206 TI - Advanced ovarian cancer: correlation of histologic grade with response to therapy and survival. AB - In order to determine the prognostic and therapeutic importance of histologic grade for patients with advanced ovarian cancer, the pathologic specimens from 82 patients with Stage III-IV disease (as defined by the International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (F.I.G.O.)) were reviewed and graded by two methods. A system based on cytologic detail using both the degree of anaplasia and the number of undifferentiated cells, (modified Broders' Grades 1--4) was found to be particularly useful because it identified four groups with different survival outcomes as well as an apparent differential response to chemotherapy. Specifically, the overall improvement of survival in patients with Stage III-IV disease observed in a prospective study of combination chemotherapy was related primarily to an increased survival of patients with Grade 2 and 3 lesions. Survival in Grade 1 patients was markedly better than for Grade 4 patients, but in neither case did survival appear to be influenced by the choice of chemotherapy. These observations suggest that prospective clinical trials assessing the efficacy of chemotherapy should employ cytologic grades as a separate stratification factor since chemotherapy for advanced disease may have to be tailored, in part, to the histologic grade. PMID- 7353207 TI - Observations on gastric cancer in San Marino. I. Familial factors. AB - The Republic of San Marino (RSM) is a 23-square mile independent country within Italy with a population of 20,000. A large percentage of deaths have been found to be due to gastic cancer (9.2% of all death certificate diagnoses for 1969 through 1973). The frequency of gastric cancer in the families of all 36 patients (78% male) who were born and died in RSM with this diagnosis for this period was compared with the frequency in relatives of age and sex-matched controls. Although 42--44% of both groups had relatives with death certificate diagnoses of stomach cancer, 25% of the patients had first degree relatives affected versus 5.6% of the controls. A high prevalence has also been reported in the area of Italy near RSM. San Marino's size and stability of population provide unique opportunities for elucidating genetic and environmental etiological factors in stomach cancer. PMID- 7353208 TI - Primary cutaneous lymphoma with a nodular pattern in infancy. AB - We present the first reported case of primary lymphoma with a nodular pattern in infancy, accompanied by a detailed histopathological study. The diagnosis is based upon unquestionable histopathological data. Remarkable are the macroscopic findings of the lesion, the very young age of the patient, and the Burkitt's lymphoma-like appearance of the lesion in addition to the nodular pattern. Another case of cutaneous nodular lymphoma in an infant was previously reported by Traggis et al. but without a detailed histopathological description. These two cases, in consideration of the rarity of nodular lymphoma in children, promote speculative considerations, especially in regard to etiology and therapy. PMID- 7353209 TI - Effects of hyperthermia in a malignant tumor. AB - The mechanisms of immediate and delayed tumor cell killing by hyperthermia were investigated in EMT-6 neoplasms implanted in BALB/cKa mice. Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields were used to achieve a curative local dose of 44 degrees C for 30 minutes. The tumors were sampled sequentially, during and after heat therapy, and studied by light and elecron microscopy. Assays for cell survival, including cell cultures, were performed at various times after completion of therapy. Focal cytoplasmic swelling, rupture of the plasma membrane and peripheral migration of heterochromatin were observed 5 minutes after initiation of therapy and led to cytoplasmic fragmentation by the end of the treatment period (30 minutes). Necrosis of most cells occurred 2--6 hours after the end of treatment. At 48 hours, there were no recognizable tumor cells. A scar replaced the tumor bed 14 days later. Viable (clonogenic) tumor cells were still 2% of control levels at the end of therapy and then progressively decreased to 0.0003% at 48 hours, confirming the morphologic observations and indicating that factors other than the direct effect of heat on tumor cells contributed to complete tumor eradication. Our findings, coupled with previous studies, suggest that the immediate heat induced necrosis in this tumor occurs through the mechanisms of physical changes in the plasma membrane. The delayed (post-therapy) cell death is likely due to modifications in the environment of the tumor bed. PMID- 7353210 TI - Structural investigation of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella serotype K44. AB - The capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella K44 has been investigated by the techniques of methylation, base-catalyzed elimination, Smith degradation, and partial hydrolysis. The last-named yielded an oligosaccharide corresponding to one repeating unit. The anomeric configurations of the sugar residues were determined by 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. The polysaccharide has a fractional acetyl content and is the first in this series to be based on a linear, pentasaccharide repeating unit. leads to 3)-beta-D-Glcp-(1 leads to 4) alpha-D-Glcp-(1 leads to 4)-beta-D-GlcpA-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1 leads to 3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1 leads to. PMID- 7353211 TI - Lectin-like activity from Persea americana. AB - An extract from the seeds of Persea americana possessed an erythro-agglutinating activity. The agglutinin was devoid of specificity for carbohydrates, but interacted readily with basic proteins or basic polyamino acids. The interaction between the agglutinin and egg-white lysozyme was not inhibited by chaotropic salts, but was sensitive to relatively low concentrations of urea. An affinity chromatographic procedure was developed in an effort to purify the agglutinin. Products from the chromatographic procedure were found not to contain higher specific agglutinating activities than the crude extract. Amino acid acid analyses of the extract showed the presence of relatively high proportions of glutamic and aspartic acids. In addition, the extract contained phosphorus and a visible chromophore. The agglutinin was resistant to detergents and denaturants, and proteases, nucleases, and other enzymes. The results suggest that, as opposed to other plant agglutinins, the active component from Persea is not a protein. Similarly, in contrast to many lectins, the agglutinin from Persea was not mitogenic for mouse lymphocytes. The agglutinin partially inhibited the mitogenesis of lymphocytes when the cells were treated with concanavalin A, or with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 7353213 TI - Interaction of monocytes with tumor cells coated with complement with or without antibody. PMID- 7353212 TI - Inhibition by autologous lymphoid cells of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) to a tumor target. PMID- 7353214 TI - Studies on mouse autoreactive cells. I. Role of H-2 antigens in mouse autologous rosette formation. PMID- 7353216 TI - [Social medicine and its role in health care]. PMID- 7353215 TI - In vivo assessment of tumor-induced nonspecific suppression of contact sensitivity. I. Correlation with in vitro studies. PMID- 7353218 TI - [The socialist way of life, the healthy way of life and health education]. PMID- 7353217 TI - [Tasks of health services economics in the scientific management of the health services]. PMID- 7353219 TI - [The role of recognition and causal relationships in prevention and diagnosis]. PMID- 7353220 TI - [New organization of health care in the Stralsund region]. PMID- 7353221 TI - [The role of the communist party of the Soviet Union in health care]. PMID- 7353222 TI - [Advantages of mortality tables supplemented by functions characterizing general morbidity, chronic pathology and socioeconomic activity of the population]. PMID- 7353223 TI - [Social medicine and economics of health services]. PMID- 7353224 TI - [Sale of non-prescription drugs]. PMID- 7353225 TI - [The scope of ambulatory care provided to diabetics in diabetes facilities in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7353226 TI - [Economic aspects of diabetes mellitus screening]. PMID- 7353227 TI - [The concept of super-specialization in clinical oncology]. PMID- 7353228 TI - Benzo[a]pyrene uptake into rat liver microsomes: effects of adsorption of benzo[a]pyrene to asbestos and non-fibrous mineral particulates. AB - The fluorescence yield of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) increases dramatically upon its transfer from the surface of particulates to rat liver microsomes. Adsorption of BP to Canadian chrysotile, anthophyllite, hematite and silica results in greatly enhanced uptake rates into microsomes when compared to uptake from a microcrystalline dispersion of BP. The fibrous minerals chrysotile and anthophyllite were more effective than silica and hematite in enhancing BP uptake. Simple mixtures of BP microcrystals and particles did not display enhanced transport, indicating that adsorption of BP to the particulate surface is necessary for enhanced microsomal uptake. BP was not released into microsomes from carbon black. We suggest that particulate-enhanced availability of BP may be of significance in the co-carcinogenesis between particulates and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. However, other mechanisms are also possible, and are not excluded by our experiments. The fluorescence methodology, described in this paper provides a novel and convenient means to quantify microsomal uptake of BP and thereby investigate further the mechanisms of cocarcinogenesis. PMID- 7353229 TI - Alkylation of nucleic acids by N-nitrosodi-n-propyl-amine: evidence that carbonium ions are not significantly involved. AB - Administration of N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine to rats leads to the formation of 7-n propylguanine but not 7-isopropylguanine in hepatic DNA. For RNA, a small amount of the rearranged adduct is formed. Alkylation of DNA and RNA therefore appears to occur primarily via a bimolecular reaction rather than a unimolecular pathway involving free alkyl cations. PMID- 7353230 TI - Effect of various substituents in the 6-position on the relative carcinogenic activity of a series of benzo[a]pyrene derivatives. PMID- 7353231 TI - Nuclear metabolism. I. Determination of styrene monooxygenase activity in rat liver nuclei. AB - Styrene monooxygenase activity was measured in intact nuclear preparations from rat liver by means of a gas chromatographic method. Styrene epoxide formation is NADPH-dependent although it is enhanced when NADH is added with NADPH. This activity is inhibited by microsomal monooxygenase inhibitors SKF 525A and metyrapone and by microsomal epoxide hydrase inhibitors 1,2-epoxy-3,3,3 trichloropropene oxide and cyclohexene oxide. The percentage of inhibition is quantitatively different for the four compounds. Known inducers of liver microsomal monooxygenase show different patterns of induction on nuclear preparations. Phenobarbital induces nuclear monooxygenase activity more than the respective microsomal activity, whereas the contrary holds true for beta naphthoflavone. PMID- 7353233 TI - Changes in the properties of human fibroblasts in culture after treatment with vitamin A palmitate. AB - The behaviour of subcultures of vitamin A-treated human embryo fibroblasts was studied from the point of view of morphology, growth characteristics, karyology and agglutinability at subsequent passages after treatment. Evidence was obtained that vitamin A-induced rupture of lysosomes may lead to transient alterations in the pattern of growth, structure of the membranes and morphology in cell generations deriving from the cells injured by the action of the vitamin. PMID- 7353234 TI - Apparent absence of requirement of hydrocarbon metabolism for induction and repression of mixed-function oxidases. PMID- 7353232 TI - Reactivity-selectivity properties of reactions of carcinogenic electrophiles and nucleosides: influence of pH on site selectivity. AB - 6-Chloromethylbenzo[a]pyrene (6-CMBP) labeled with 13C in the chloromethyl group was used as a model for those carcinogens which form essentially free carbocations. Using 13C-NMR to identify products, the selectivity with which this electrophile modifies nucleosides was investigated. At pH 7, guanosine and deoxyguanosine are the most nucleophilic nucleosides toward the carbocation generated by solvolysis of 6-CMBP. Attack at N-7 predominates over attack at N-2. At higher pH, the nucleophilicity of guanosine and deoxyguanosines increases markedly. In addition, the site of modification changes to N-1 with secondary modification at O-6. The pH dependence of the rate of this reaction implicates a group with pK-value approx. 8.7 which was assigned to the hydrogen on N-1. The presence of a methyl group on the N-7 position of guanosine lowers this pK-value to approx. 7.2. Consequently, N7-methylguanosine shows the high nucleophilicity at physiological pH that guanosine has at high pH. These observations lead to the suggestion of a one base : two-site model for chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 7353235 TI - Dickinson W. Richards Lecture: Circulatory adjustments to hypoxia. AB - Circulatory adjustments during hypoxia act to redistribute blood flow and maintain arterial pressure. Redistribution of blood flow is accomplished by a local effect of hypoxia, which produces dilatation in coronary and cerebral vessels, and the chemoreceptor reflex, which produces vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle and the splanchnic bed and dilatation in coronary vessels. Arterial pressure is maintained primarily by the chemoreceptor reflex. If the chemoreceptor reflex fails to maintain arterial pressure, hypoxia and hypotension together activate the central pressor response. Compensatory mechanisms usually are sufficient to maintain homeostasis during hypoxia. However, when a hypotensive stress is superimposed during hypoxia, compensatory mechanisms may fail to maintain arterial pressure. Thus, systemic hypoxia interferes with autonomic cardiovascular adjustments. PMID- 7353237 TI - Observations on the optimum time for operative intervention for aortic regurgitation. II. Serial echocardiographic evaluation of asymptomatic patients. PMID- 7353236 TI - Observations on the optimum time for operative intervention for aortic regurgitation. I. Evaluation of the results of aortic valve replacement in symptomatic patients. AB - Fifty consecutive patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for isolated aortic regurgitation were studied prospectively by echocardiography, electrocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Good quality echocardiograms were obtained in 49 of the 50 patients. Left ventricular (LV) dilatation was present in all 49 patients. LV systolic function, as assessed by echocardiographic percent fractional shortening, was normal in many patients but was moderately to severely reduced (less than 25%) in 14 patients (29%). Echocardiographic studies 6 months postoperatively revealed significant reductions in LV end-diastolic dimension (73.8 mm vs 58.7 mm; p less than 0.01), and serial echocardiographic studies early and late after operation revealed that the decrease in LV size had occurred by the time of the early study (8-22 days postoperatively), with little additional change thereafter. Operative deaths occurred in three of the 49 patients (6%). Eight of the 49 patients (16%) died of congestive heart failure (CHF) after hospital discharge at times ranging from 5 43 months after operation. Preoperative echocardiographic measurements of the LV end-systolic dimension and percent fractional shortening were strongly associated (p less than 0.01) with these late CHF deaths. Preoperative LV end-systolic dimension greater than 55 mm and fractional shortening less than 25% identified the high-risk group: nine of 13 patients (69%) in this group died either at operation or subsequently from CHF. In contrast, of 32 patients with LV end systolic dimension less than 55 mm, only one died at operation and one died late from CHF. Thus, the population at high risk of late death from CHF was identified before operation by echocardiography. PMID- 7353238 TI - Timing of valve replacement in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation. PMID- 7353239 TI - Surface topography of stenotic aortic valves by scanning electron microscopy. AB - Surface features of 19 stenotic aortic valves from patients undergoing valve replacement were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Villi, prominent on five valves, were distributed either singularly or in clusters and differed in shape. Endothelial cells had microvilli and bulbous surface projections. Endothelial disruption with a focal loss of endothelial cells was uniformly observed. Erythrocytes were found scattered over the exposed subendothelial surface or enmeshed within fibrin networks on 11 of the valves. Activated leukocytes were seen on four valves and showed veil-like projections as well as microvilli. Platelets, observed on three valves, displayed pseudopodial formation and hyalomeric spreading, signifying an increased degree of membrane response. Most platelet aggregates were composed entirely of dendritic forms (reversible aggregates), but a few also contained spread forms (irreversible aggreates). Focal deposits of crystalline material, presumably containing calcium, were observed in areas of endocardial disruption. PMID- 7353240 TI - Genetic--epidemiologic study of early-onset ischemic heart disease. AB - A genetic-epidemiologic study was undertaken of a white Colorado population of 207 patients who had a myocardial infarction before age 55 years. Nineteen independent variables were compared between the 207 cases and 621 controls, matched 3:1. The highest risk ratios were associated with a positive family history for ischemic heart disease (IHD). The heritability of IHD was 63% when families with the monogenic forms of hyperlipoproteinemia were included, and 56% when they were excluded. A risk index was developed that incorporates family history into a data base of risk factors, which can be readily assessed by the clinician obtaining a screening history, physical and standard laboratory tests. A scale of 0-10 was devised and the predictive value of the index was tested against another data set. The efficiency of the index was maximal at a screening level of 5. This study suggests that it is logistically feasible to seek patients at high risk for intensive management in a clinical setting (high-risk strategy) using risk indices similar to the one developed for this study, which emphasize the very important familial component to IHD. PMID- 7353241 TI - Clinical judgment and statistics. Lessons from a simulated randomized trial in coronary artery disease. AB - A simulated randomized clinical trial in coronary artery disease was conducted to illustrate the need for clinical judgment and modern statistical methods in assessing therapeutic claims in studies of complex diseases. Clinicians should be aware of problems that occur when a patient sample is subdivided and treatment effects are assessed within multiple prognostic categories. In this example, 1073 consecutive, medically treated coronary artery disease patients from the Duke University data bank were randomized into two groups. The groups were reasonably comparable and, as expected, there was no overall difference in survival. In a subgroup of 397 patients characterized by three-vessel disease and an abnormal left ventricular contraction, however, survival of group 1 patients was significantly different from that of group 2 patients. Multivariable adjustment procedures revealed that the difference resulted from the combined effect of small imbalances in the distribution of several prognostic factors. Another subgroup was identified in which a significant survival difference was not explained by multivariable methods. These are not unlikely examples in trials of a complex disease. Clinicians must exercise careful judgment in attributing such results to an efficacious therapy, as they may be due to chance or to inadequate baseline comparability of the groups. PMID- 7353242 TI - Spectral analysis of arterial bruits (phonoangiography): experimental validation. PMID- 7353243 TI - The effect of altered renal perfusion pressure on clearance of digoxin. PMID- 7353244 TI - Radionuclide and hemodynamic assessment of left ventricular functional reserve in patients with left ventricular aneurysm and congestive cardiac failure. Response to exercise stress and isosorbide dinitrate. AB - The hemodynamic response to exercise stress was assessed in 17 patients with left ventricular (LV) aneurysm, demonstrated by contrast left ventriculography, and congestive cardiac failure (CCF) before and after sublingual isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). Radionuclide ventriculography was performed at rest and during exercise in 14 patients. ISDN increased mean exercise LV stroke work index (LVSWI) from 31 to 39 g-m/m2 (p less than 0.001) and reduced mean exercise LV filling pressure from 38 to 25 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). Using the combined criteria of LVSWI and ejection fraction of the contractile section of the left ventricle (EFCS), no patient with rest EFCS of less than 40% achieved a good absolute response to exercise in LV performance with or without ISDN. Of the six patients with rest EFCS greater than or equal to 40% only three achieved a good response. While rest EFCS less than 40% indicates poor LV functional reserve, good LV functional reserve is not always indicated by rest EFCS greater than or equal to 40%. PMID- 7353245 TI - Metabolic assessment of exercise in chronic heart failure patients treated with short-term vasodilators. PMID- 7353246 TI - Effects of oral propranolol on left ventricular size and performance during exercise and acute pressure loading. AB - Oral propranolol (160 mg/day) was administered to 19 normal subjects for 2 weeks. Echocardiograms were performed at rest, during graded supine bicycle exercise in 10 subjects and during acute pressure loading with intravenous phenylephrine in the remaining nine subjects. Resting heart rate on propranolol decreased compared with control (52 +/- 8 vs 63 +/- 10 beats/min; p less than 0.001), as did systolic blood pressure (99 +/- 9 vs 107 +/- 9 mm Hg; p less than 0.01). Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension was slightly enlarged (48.3 +/- 4.2 vs 47.1 +/- 3.6 mm, p = 0.05), but percent dimensional shortening was unchanged (37 +/- 4 vs 38 +/- 5%). At each stage during supine bicycle exercise, heart rate was slower, blood pressure lower, left ventricular dimensions were larger and percent dimensional shortening was reduced on propranolol by an analysis of variance. In contrast, during acute pressure loading, while the heart rate response to increased blood pressure was blocked by atropine, there was no significant difference in left ventricle size and performance compared with control. We conclude that prolonged oral propranolol therapy has little, if any, intrinsic effect on myocardial performance in normal subjects. Its major action on the heart is competitive inhibition of beta-adrenergic tone, which is most manifest during conditions associated with increased sympathetic tone, such as exercise. PMID- 7353247 TI - Intrapericardial abnormalities in patients with pericardial effusion. Findings by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - Ten patients with pericardial fluid who also had striking band-like intrapericardial echoes by two-dimensional ultrasonic sector scanning are reported. Four patients had prior mediastinal radiation and four patients had severe renal disease. One patient had purulent pericarditis and one patient had traumatic hemopericardium. The two-dimensional images permitted recognition of loculation of fluid and led to the suspicion of thickened pericardial membranes. Three postradiation patients had both tamponade and constriction; tamponade alone was present in four additional patients. These data are preliminary but suggest that such findings by two-dimensional echocardiography should alert us to consider an effusive-constrictive form of pericardial disease. PMID- 7353248 TI - Abnormal blood pressure response and marked ischemic ST-segment depression as predictors of severe coronary artery disease. AB - The usefulness of an abnormal blood pressure response and a marked ischemic ST segment depression during exercise testing as predictors of severe coronary artery disease was assessed in 378 consecutive patients who had a maximal symptom limited exercise test before coronary arteriography. An abnormal blood pressure response occurred in 90 patients. The sensitivity of this response for three vessel or left main disease was 38.6%, the specificity 87.4% and the predictive value 70%. A marked ischemic ST-segment abnormality (MIST) appeared in 85 patients. The sensitivity of MIST for three-vessel or left main disease was 38.6%, the specificity 89.8% and the predictive value 74.1%. One hundred thirty eight patients had either an abnormal blood pressure response or a marked ST segment change. The sensitivity of either response for three-vessel or left main disease was 56.4%, the specificity 78.6%, and the predictive value 66.7%. Exercise duration and ejection fraction were not significantly different in patients with normal or abnormal blood pressure. We conclude that abnormal blood pressure and marked ischemic ST-segment depression during exercise testing are helpful in identifying a subset of patients with advanced coronary artery disease. The physiologic mechanism for these responses is probably exercise induced ischemia. PMID- 7353249 TI - Noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease: the cardiokymographic stress test. AB - Stress-induced abnormalities of regional left ventricular wall motion were assessed by cardiokymography (CKG) during the course of maximal treadmill exercise tests in 157 patients, of whom 122 subsequently underwent coronary angiography. Seventy patients had significant angiographic coronary artery disease and 52 were normal. Forty-one of the 70 patients developed greater than 0.1 mV ST-segment depression (ECG sensitivity 59%) and 52 of 70 patients developed abnormal systolic outward motion by CKG (CKG sensitivity 74%). Among the 52 normals, 36 had negative ECG stress tests (ECG specificity 69%) and 49 had normally sustained systolic inward motion by CKG (CKG specificity 94%). The stress CKG was normal in 15 of the 16 false-positive stress ECGs; the stress ECG was correctly normal in two of the three false-positive stress CKG tests. Only one normal patient had concordantly false-positive ECG and CKG tests. The predictive accuracy of concordant ECG and CKG interpretations was, therefore, higher than either test alone. These data suggest that regional wall motion abnormalities, which are sensitive and specific markers of myocardial ischemia, may be detected noninvasively by CKG. We concluded that CKG helps identify false positive and false-negative ECG stress tests and improves the diagnostic accuracy of stress testing for detection of coronary artery disease. PMID- 7353251 TI - Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging in infants and children. Value in distinguishing anomalous left coronary artery from congestive cardiomyopathy. AB - In infants and children, anomalous origin of the left coronary artery (ALCA) from the pulmonary artery may be difficult to distinguish from congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM) of other causes. We performed thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging in seven children with ALCA and in nine with CCM to study the usefulness of this technique in distinguishing between these lesions. Localized abnormalities of thallium uptake were present in each of the seven patients with ALCA, including two asymptomatic 4-year-old children. Thallium distribution was normal in five patients with CCM, diffusely irregular in three, and was absent in the lateral and posterobasal portions of the left ventricle in one patient. We conclude that thallium-201 imaging is a sensitive noninvasive method of detecting ALCA. However, perfusion abnormalities are not limited to patients with coronary artery abnormalities, and may be present in patients with myocardial ischemia or infarction of other causes. PMID- 7353250 TI - Inert gas measurements of myocardial perfusion in the presence of heterogeneous flow documented by microspheres. PMID- 7353252 TI - The detection of coronary artery disease with radionuclide techniques: a comparison of rest-exercise thallium imaging and ejection fraction response. PMID- 7353253 TI - Leftward septal displacement during right ventricular loading in man. PMID- 7353254 TI - Body surface map patterns of altered depolarization and repolarization in right bundle branch block. AB - Surface maps from 14 patients with right bundle branch block were analyzed throughout depolarization and repolarization. The abnormalities in depolarization found in all the subjects were 1) epicardial breakthrough that was delayed and shifted to the left, and 2) development of right upper anterior positivity during the midportion of depolarization. In eight patients, this positivity manifested as multiple peaks, suggesting a fragmented spread of depolarization. We believe these findings result not only from the delayed engagement of the right ventricle by the conduction process, but also from its nonuniform and dyssynchronous spread. The recovery phase displayed five abnormal patterns: 1) simultaneous negativity on the right and positivity on the left of the midline in six patients; 2) only negativity on the right of the midline in four; 3) only positive potentials in the left upper chest in two; 4) only negative potentials on the left side of the midline in one; and 5) negative potentials spread diffusely over the precordium in one. The different degrees of this altered repolarization, we believe, depend upon the degrees of altered sequence of activation of the heart in addition to the changes produced by the underlying disease process. PMID- 7353255 TI - Intraventricular reentry with narrow QRS complex. AB - Reentry within the His-Purkinje System (V3 phenomenon) where the reentry pathway incorporates both bundle branches and the bundle of His is a frequent phenomenon during ventricular refractory period studies. In this form of reentry, both divisions of the left bundle branch function as a single limb and the reentrant beats (V3) have either left bundle branch block or right bundle branch block pattern. In this report, we describe in three patients the occurrence of a new type of reentrant beat (V3) whose characteristics suggested reentry within a circuit in which the retrograde limb of the reentrant circuit was constituted by one of the two divisions of the left bundle branch and the antegrade limb(s) by right bundle branch and the remaining division of the left bundle branch; i.e., the two divisions of the left bundle branch functioned as two separate limbs. We reached this conclusion because 1) reentry occurred within a narrow range of V1V2 intervals and was dependent upon critical retrograde His-Purkinje conduction (V2H2) delays; 2) reentry did not occur when the V2 impulse blocked retrogradely within the His-Purkinje system below the site of His bundle recording; 3) the QRS duration of V3 was less than 90 msec; and 4) in two-thirds of the patients, the HV interval of V3 was the same as that of sinus beats. PMID- 7353256 TI - Alternate ventriculoatrial Wenckebach conduction. AB - Three cases are presented showing retrograde alternate Wenckebach periods. Retrograde alternate Wenckebach periods were defined as 2:1 ventriculoatrial (VA) block in which the conducted beats showed progressive prolongation of conduction (VA) time. The sequence terminates with two or three successively blocked ventricular beats. In one of the three cases the level of block was identified as being in the atrioventricular (AV) node. In the other two the level of block could not be clearly identified. This report provides further evidence for the concept of multilevel block within the AV node. Retrograde alternate Wenckebach periods may explain some instances of variation of atrial depolarization intervals during episodes of ventricular tachycardia and may be clinically significant. PMID- 7353258 TI - STIs in angina patients. PMID- 7353257 TI - Ventricular function of single ventricle after ventricular septation. PMID- 7353259 TI - Diagnostic value of treadmill testing. PMID- 7353260 TI - Exercise and human angiograms. PMID- 7353261 TI - 2-D echo and LA thrombi. PMID- 7353262 TI - A perspective on teaching medical ethics. Report of the Committee on Ethics of the American Heart Association. PMID- 7353263 TI - Semi-automated fluorometry of total estrogens in plasma during late pregnancy. AB - We describe a mechanized method for determining total estrogens in plasma during the last trimester of pregnancy. This method involves rapid enzymic hydrolysis, automatic extraction (in a tube) with cyclohexane/ethyl acetate, purification of the extracted material by anion-exchange chromatography on a disposable "mini column" of Dowex AG1 X 2 (acetate form), and continuous-flow fluorometric quantification. Conditions of hydrolysis and extraction were studied. The mean within-day imprecision (CV) was 7% and between-day imprecision was 8.1%. Sensitivity was 75 nmol/L of plasma. Results are obtained in 4 h. The technique is quite suitable for routine determinations: 90 assays can be done by a team of three technicians in one working day. PMID- 7353264 TI - Liquid-chromatographic determination of norepinephrine and epinephrine in human plasma. AB - We describe a "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic method for measuring picogram amounts of norepinephrine and epinephrine simultaneously in human plasma. Alumina-treated samples are injected onto a strong cation-exchange column (Zipax SCX) for the separation of catecholamines, with a sodium phosphate buffer/acetonitrile mixture as mobile phase. The separated catecholamines then enter a continuous-flow system and the reagents for the trihydroxyindole reaction are added sequentially; the fluorescent products are then measured with a spectrofluorophotometer. Analytical recoveries from plasma averaged 66% for norepinephrine, 68% for epinephrine. Amount and response (peak height) were linearly related up to 1000 pg. For catecholamines in human plasma, within-run and day-to-day CV's were 0.2% and 1.0%, respectively, for norepinephrine, and 0.3% and 0.9%, respectively, for epinephrine. Average values for norepinephrine and epinephrine in apparently normal human plasma were 185 +/- 29 ng/L and 32 +/- 8 ng/L, respectively (mean +/- SEM, n = 10). This relatively rapid and highly sensitive system is suitable for routine use. PMID- 7353265 TI - Pattern of urinary proteins and peptides in patients with rheumatoid arthritis investigated with the Iso-Dalt technique. AB - Characteristic differences in the pattern of urinary proteins and peptides have been found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, compared with patterns from healthy controls. These differences have been demonstrated with a two-dimensional gel electrophoretic technique (Iso-Dalt) involving isoelectric focusing in the first dimension, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the second dimension. Using simple photographic techniques, one can obtain a composite pattern of the individual protein-stained gels for each group. Comparison of the composite patterns from the rheumatoid arthritis group and the control group revealed several proteins in the urine of the rheumatoid arthritis patients not found in the control group. Two groupings of these proteins were identified: acidic, high-Mr proteins and more basic, low-Mr proteins. PMID- 7353266 TI - Simultaneous liquid-chromatographic determination of zinc protoporphyrin IX, protoporphyrin IX, and coproporphyrin in whole blood. AB - We describe a method for simultaneously measuring concentrations of coproporphyrin, zinc protoporphyrin IX, and protoporphyrin IX in whole blood by liquid chromatography, with use of reversed-phase ion-pair system, fluorometric detection, and internal standardization. Each analysis requires 10 microL of whole blood and 15 min total analysis time. Analytical recovery ranged from 84 to 92%, day-to-day precision (CV) from 5 to 12%. Uroporphyrin, though not studied in detail, can also be detected by this method. PMID- 7353267 TI - Personal and familial factors in cholesterolemia: criteria for selection of a reference population. AB - We studied factors affecting cholesterolemia in a presumably healthy population of 23 300 subjects, ages 20 to 59 years. Multiple-contingency tables were established, to quantify the information obtained by means of a factorial correspondence analysis. The relations between values for cholesterol and those for triglycerides, uric acid, and overweight were constant for all ages and both sexes. Cholesterolemia paralleled alcohol and tobacco consumption and arterial blood pressure. Use of oral contraceptives did not influence cholesterol values. We classified variation factors according to the statistical method of segmentation, by sex and age. This classification permitted us to establish criteria for excluding subjects from a population sampled with the aim of producing reference values for plasma cholesterol. The values of cholesterol for the 50th percentile were 5.40 mmol/L for men 20 to 39 years old and 5.79 mmol/L for those older than 40. For women, the 50th percentile values increased from 5.34 mmol/L between ages 20 to 39 to 5.92 mmol/L for ages 40 to 49 and to 6.51 mmol/L after 50. PMID- 7353268 TI - Use of 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid/4-aminophenazone chromogenic system in direct enzymic assay of uric acid in serum and urine. AB - A new direct colorimetric procedure for uric acid assay in serum or urine is described, utilizing a 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid/4 aminophenazone chromogenic system in the presence of horseradish peroxidase and uricase from Aspergillus flavus. This chromogen system has a high absorptivity, affording useful results with sample/reagent volume ratios as low as 0.025. The procedure is applicable to serum, plasma, or diluted urine. A single working reagent is used; the reaction is complete in less than 15 min at room temperature. The red dye formed is measured at 520 nm; a blank sample measurement is not needed. The standard curve for the method is linear for uric acid concentrations up to 1500 mumol/L. Average analytical recovery of uric acid in human sera and urine exceeded 99%; within-run and between-run precision studies showed CV's of less than or equal to 1.2 and less than or equal to 2.2%, respectively. The new procedure correlated well with the uricase/catalase and uricase/ultraviolet methods. The method is suitable for automation. PMID- 7353269 TI - Effects of centrifugation, storage, and contamination of amniotic fluid on its total phospholipid content. AB - The total phospholipid content of the supernatant fluid decreases rapidly with increasing relative centrifugal force when amniotic fluid is centrifuged. Possible explanations for this are discussed. The effect of storage on the total phospholipid content of amniotic fluid at different temperatures and the influence of contamination with blood and meconium are also described. PMID- 7353270 TI - Immunological, biochemical, and enzymic validation of radioimmunoassays specific to the amino and carboxy terminal of human calcitonin. PMID- 7353271 TI - Specific lymphocyte phospholipid changes in chronic renal failure. AB - I describe phospholipid fluctuations in lymphocytes of peripheral blood of patients with chronic renal failure who were undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. The findings of decreased concentration of total phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine, and increased concentrations of phosphatidylinositol and diphosphatidylglycerol are discussed, in relation to the lymphocyte membrane enzymic systems, and immune response. PMID- 7353272 TI - Improved electrothermal determination of aluminum in serum by atomic absorption spectroscopy. AB - We describe an improved method for determination of aluminum in serum by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace. Interferences have been controlled and total combustion of the samples achieved by the use of new diluent in a molybdenum-treated graphite tube. The detection limit of this method is 2 microgram/L. PMID- 7353273 TI - 3-hydroxydecanedioic acid and related homologues: urinary metabolites in ketoacidosis. AB - Urine from patients with ketoacidosis was found to contain a number of aliphatic 3-hydroxy dicarboxylic acids. The acids were purified by silicic acid chromatography and their structures determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of different derivatives. The major compound was 3 hydroxydecanedioic acid. Minor compounds were 3-hydroxyoctanedioic acid, 3 hydroxyoctenedioic acid, 3-hydroxydecenedioic acid, 3-hydroxydodecanedioic acid, 3-hydroxydodecenedioic acid, 3-hydroxytetradecenedioic acid, and 3 hydroxytetradecadienedioic acid. The excretion of 3-hydroxydecanedioic acid correlated positively with the excretion of hexanedioic acid, another metabolite constantly found in ketoacidosis (Pettersen et al., Clin. Chim. Acta 38: 17-24, 1972). We suggest that the 3-hydroxy dicarboxylic acids are formed from fatty acids by a combination of omega-oxidation and incomplete beta-oxidation. PMID- 7353275 TI - Whole-blood and plasma amino acid analysis: gas-liquid and cation-exchange chromatography compared. PMID- 7353274 TI - Evaluation of an engineering model of the "EKTACHEM" analyzer for glucose and urea assay. PMID- 7353276 TI - Amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol separated by stepwise-development thin-layer chromatography. AB - We describe a stepwise-development thin-layer-chromatographic technique for separating phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol in samples of amniotic fluid. Plates are prepared from silica gel G slurried in a 50 g/L ammonium sulfate solution. Phospholipid phosphorus determination is not needed. Phospholipid phosphorus determination is not needed. Phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol, measured densitometrically, are expressed as ratios to the sphingomyelin present. These ratios are correlated with the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio and age of gestation in normal and abnormal pregnancies. PMID- 7353277 TI - Continuous-flow fluorometry of low galactose concentrations in blood or plasma. AB - Clearance of 0-100 mg/L concentrations of galactose from the blood depends on nutrient hepatic blood flow. We can measure such concentrations, which was not previously possible, by a continuous-flow method involving the use of galactose oxidase and peroxidase, the latter being coupled to a fluorogenic substrate, p hydroxyphenylacetic acid. Interfering substances in the peroxidase reaction are removed by zinc/alkali precipitation. Sensitivity is maximized by using saturating concentrations of the enzymes and substrate. In prepared plasma test samples with galactose concentrations of 10, 40, 70, and 100 mg/L, the within-run CV's ranged from 2.1 to 8.6%, and day-to-day CV's from 2.2 to 17.2%, the largest CV's being for the 10 mg/L concentration. Normal subjects are shown to clear galactose more efficiently than subjects with moderate cirrhosis. PMID- 7353278 TI - Development and validation of a liquid-chromatographic procedure for serum creatinine. PMID- 7353279 TI - Simultaneous liquid-chromatographic analysis for 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid in urine. AB - We describe a rapid, reliable "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic method of simultaneously analyzing for 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (I) and 4-hydroxy-3 methoxyphenylacetic acid (II) in urine. Paired-ion chromatography and amperometric detection are used in the method. A 5-mL aliquot of urine is adjusted to pH 6.1 and subjected to anion-exchange chromatography (Dowex AG 1-X4, 1.8 X 0.7 cm column). The two analytes are eluted from the column with 10 mL of 3 mol/L sodium chloride, and 2 microL of the eluate, injected directly into the liquid chromatograph, is chromatographed at 40 degrees C. This column contains mu Bondapak C18, and the mobile phase is 100 mmol/L potassium phosphate buffer, pH 6.7, containing 0.5 mmol of tetrabutylammonium phosphate per liter. Detector sensitivity is 50 nA full scale. Analytical recoveries of I and II are 80--84% and 48--49%, respectively; the coefficients of variation for various concentrations in urine are about 10%. PMID- 7353280 TI - Gas-chromatographic determination of amantadine in human urine. AB - We describe a gas--liquid-chromatographic method for determining the concentration of amantadine hydrochloride in urine with beta-phenylethylamine as internal standard. The urine sample is made alkaline and extracted with 0.5 mL of chloroform. After centrifugation the aqueous layer is aspirated, and an aliquot of the organic layer is injected directly into the gas chromatograph. Concentration and instrument response are linearly related between 2 and 125 mg/L. The limit of detection was 0.5 mg/L. Mean analytical recovery was calculated to be 97%. PMID- 7353281 TI - Binding of enzyme--IgG complexes in human serum to Protein-A Sepharose CL-4B. AB - We describe a simple method for detecting enzyme--immunoglobulin G (IgG) complexes in human serum. Protein-A Sepharose CL-4B binds IgG and therefore also the enzyme--IgG complexes, which can then be separated easily from the serum by centrifugation. We demonstrate this separation in two patients, one with a complex of IgG and creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) BB isoenzyme, the other with an IgG--alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) complex. Both patients had unexplainably high activities of the respective enzymes in their serum. The method we propose should be a useful, simple, routine method of detection in cases where IgG- enzyme complexes are suspected. PMID- 7353282 TI - Effect of gestational variation of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol on the microviscosity of amniotic fluid phospholipids. PMID- 7353283 TI - A lyophilized hemoglobin control prepared from stroma-free hemolysates. AB - We prepared a stable lyophilized hemoglobin control from human erythrocytes by removing stroma with calcium and Ficoll. Addition of polyhydroxy compounds enhanced reconstitution and stability. The lyophilized product was stable during one year of use in a service laboratory. Accelerated aging studies demonstrated the potential of up to two years of stability, with methemoglobin increasing at a projected rate of approximately 6% per year. Reconstituted, the control gave reproducible values for at least five days when refrigerated. PMID- 7353284 TI - Two-hour Sephadex column method for assay of unconjugated estriol in serum. AB - The column method of Christner and Fetter (Steroids 24: 327, 1974) has been modified to give a simple, rapid assay for unconjugated estriol in serum. Estriol is isolated from serum by being retained on a Sephadex column, while estriol conjugates and serum proteins are eluted. The sample and labeled estriol compete for antibody on the column. Antibody is eluted, removing proportional amounts of sample and labeled estriol. Our modifications include using stable serum-based standards, shortening the incubation to 10 min, complete removal of conjugates, and regeneration of the columns so that they can be used repeatedly. The assay, which can be completed in 2 h, has a mid-range interassay CV of 8.2%. PMID- 7353285 TI - Improved protein-binding radioassay for plasma cortisol. AB - We describe an improved competitive protein-binding radioassay for total plasma cortisol, which permits rapid analysis of many samples. Plasma, 0.1 mL, is directly applied to a Whatman 3MM filter-paper strip, which is extracted once with dichloromethane. The extract is evaporated and the residue is assayed directly by the micro-method of Murphy (J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 27: 973, 1967). Comparison with the original Murphy method (ethanol extraction) yielded excellent agreement (r = 0.988). One hundred samples, in duplicate, can easily be assayed at a time. PMID- 7353286 TI - Improved electrophoretic separation of creatine kinase isoenzymes. AB - Creatine kinase isoenzymes are separated electrophoretically on cellulose acetate, with use of an improved procedure for reactivation and visualization of enzymic activity. N-Acetyl cysteine is used as the reactivator and 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide for visualization in a tetrazolium-coupled system. This test, both practical and reliable, is a suitable alternative to chromatographic or immunochemical assay. The method allows: (a) detection of the MB isoenzyme on the basis of its electrophoretic migration, (b) confirmation of results obtained with other methods, particularly by immunoinhibition, and (c) detection of atypical bands of possible diagnostic significance in addition to the recognized fractions. PMID- 7353287 TI - Digitalis glycosides in serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid, determined with a commercial radioimmunoassay. AB - We evaluated a commercial (Clinical Assays, Inc.) 125I radioimmunoassay for digitoxin for use in measuring cardiac glycosides in serum, buffer, urine, and cerebrospinal-fluid samples. We also assessed interference of seven cardioactive metabolites of digitoxin, including digoxin, with the assay. The precision of the assay was adequate for all matrixes studied for glycoside concentrations less than 5 microgram/L. Reactivity in the assay was dependent on the nature of the matrix: buffer and serum samples containing digitoxin showed a stronger reactivity than did samples of urine and cerebrospinal fluid. Patients' samples must therefore be analyzed with a standard curve prepared by use of the same matrix. The digitoxosides of digitoxin showed a slightly higher reactivity in the assay than did digitoxin itself, but digitoxigenin showed a 50% lesser reactivity. Digoxin, its digitoxosides, and digoxigenin hardly react at all in the assay and so do not interfere with digitoxin determinations. PMID- 7353288 TI - Improved direct specific determination of serum iron and total iron-binding capacity. AB - Serum iron is released from transferrin and reduced at pH 1.7 by treating serum with a 10 g/L ascorbic acid solution in 0.1 mol/L HCl. When ferrozine is added to this reagent, it forms a complex with iron that is as intensely colored as at higher pH values, and under these conditions no turbidity is produced. The second major interference, that from copper, is eliminated by adding 1 g of thiosemicarbazide per liter, which at a low pH forms a stable, uncolored complex with copper without affecting the reaction of ferrozine with iron. PMID- 7353289 TI - Automated multiple flow-injection analysis in clinical chemistry: determination of albumin with bromcresol green. AB - We describe an adaptation of automated multiple flow-injection analysis instrumentation to an analysis for albumin in serum. The bromcresol green reaction was used to test the utility of the system. The approach yielded albumin results with excellent sensitivity, no measurable carryover, a relative standard deviation of less than 1%, good correlations with published procedures, and no measurable interferences. The simplicity and flexibility of the instrumentation and its performance integrity, as indicated by the analytical results, make this a viable clinical chemical tool. PMID- 7353291 TI - Evaluation of an immobilized-enzyme analyzer for measuring galactose in serum. AB - Reportedly, galactose provides an alternative carbohydrate source and improved homeostatic regulation of glucose in the premature infant. Because of its potentially toxic effects, sensitive methods are needed for monitoring its concentration during therapy. We evaluated an immobilized galactose oxidase/hydrogen peroxide electrode system and a modified homogeneous enzymic method. Both methods are suitable for measuring galactose in a small sample and are comparably precise. The latter method gives superior analytical recoveries below 100 mg/L, but is linear in absorbance response to only 300 mg/L. We find the immobilized-enzyme method superior for monitoring treatment of neonates with galactose, because it requires only a few minutes and 25 microL of serum, and the analytical procedure is simpler. PMID- 7353292 TI - Two agarose electrophoretic systems for demonstration of oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid compared. AB - Demonstration of oligoclonal bands by electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid is an important aid in establishing the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Electrophoretic systems vary in their effectiveness in doing so. We compared two systems in this respect. For a thin-layer agarose system, sensitivity was less (47%) than for a high-resolution agarose system (87%). Each system had good specificity (92 and 85%, respectively). Interpretation of electrophoretic patterns for cerebrospinal fluid should be available in clinical laboratories. Further, the best available system should be used for demonstration of oligoclonal bands. PMID- 7353290 TI - Enzymic inhibition assay for methotrexate with a discrete analyzer, the ABA-100. AB - We adapted an inhibition assay for methotrexate, involving dihydrofolate reductase from bovine liver, for use with a discrete analyzer (the ABA-100). The analyzer was used both for dilution and a 5-min pre-incubation of the sample with NADPH--enzyme reagent, and for the assay itself. The standard curve was linear between 10 and 120 microgram/L. Without pre-incubation the standard curve was nonlinear. The presence of albumin in the NADPH--enzyme reagent enhanced both enzyme activity and stability. Within-run precision (CV) was 2.0% (n = 24), run to-run precision 7.1% (n = 49). Results obtained on patients' samples (29 sera, 15 urines, 18 cerebrospinal fluids) by the present method and a radioimmunoassay method did not differ statistically (p greater than 0.05) when the paired data were analyzed by use of the sign test and Wilcoxon's ranked sign test. PMID- 7353293 TI - Increased circulating creatine kinase isoenzyme BB in a patient with metastatic prostatic carcinoma gave spuriously high isoenzyme MB values with the Harleco UltraZyme kit. PMID- 7353294 TI - Criticism of the proposed selected method: direct measurement of zinc in plasma by atomic absorption spectroscopy. PMID- 7353295 TI - Test data matrix and results for linear regression analysis by method of W. E. Deming. PMID- 7353296 TI - Is serum or heparinized plasma better for assay of aminotransferases? PMID- 7353297 TI - Corrections to the aminoglycoside review. PMID- 7353298 TI - Detection of abnormal hemoglobin variants during glycohemoglobin analysis. PMID- 7353299 TI - False-positive solubility--turbidity test for sickling hemoglobin in a case of congenital syphilis. PMID- 7353300 TI - A cheerful report on SI unit acceptance. PMID- 7353301 TI - Safe use of phenazine methosulfate. PMID- 7353302 TI - Preparation of reagents for use with the Beckman Astra-8. PMID- 7353303 TI - Potential bilirubin interference with the Technicon SMAC alkaline phosphatase activity measurement. PMID- 7353304 TI - Glycosylated hemoglobins in patients with a hemoglobinopathy. PMID- 7353305 TI - Problems with 125I-labeled tyrosyl ligands in digoxin RIA. PMID- 7353306 TI - Isolation of 6-demethylgriseofulvin from urine. PMID- 7353307 TI - The effect of age on the intravenous sodium glycocholate test. AB - The clearance of an injected dose of sodium glycocholate has been studied in a group of 23 control subjects who had no evidence of liver disease. A significant correlation was found between bile salt clearance and age. No significant difference was found between the bile salt clearance of male and female subjects. Data derived from a simple compartmental model indicated that decreased clearance of bile salt with age was not specifically related to degenerative changes in hepatocellular integrity, hepatic uptake of bile salts or bile flow. PMID- 7353308 TI - Lipid content of amniotic fluid cells. AB - The lipid content of fetal cells was determined in 45 samples of human amniotic fluid. Free and total cholesterol were estimated using a gas chromatographic method, and glycerides were evaluated through the enzymatic assay of their glycerol content. The number of orange cells was estimated after staining with Nile Blue sulphate. The chemically measured lipid content appeared closely related to the number of orange cells. Total cholesterol and glycerides showed a sharp increase after the 37th week of pregnancy. These tests seem to assess fetal maturity successfully, providing a further useful aid in the management of high risk pregnancies. The chemical determination of cell-associated lipids showed good accuracy and reliability and, when compared with the histochemical method, allowed a better evaluation of progressive lipid accumulation within the amniotic fluid cells. PMID- 7353309 TI - Ketogenic response to fasting in human carnitine deficiencies. AB - Carnitine and its short-chain and long-chain esters have been determined in muscle and liver of two patients with carnitine-deficient myopathy. Plasma carnitines and ketone bodies were monitored in the two patients during a 38-h fast. The two patients showed different ketogenic responses to the fast. One patient, with carnitine deficiency restricted to skeletal muscle, had exaggerated ketone production on fasting. The other patient, with carnitine deficiency in skeletal muscle and liver, had poor ketone body production on fasting. It is assumed that the presence of adequate levels of carnitine in the liver are crucial for the activation of ketogenic machinery in liver. PMID- 7353310 TI - The determination of ammonium in Kjeldahl digests using the gas-sensing ammonia electrode. Comparison of the direct method with the known-addition method. AB - The efficacy of the ammonia electrode for analysis of the nitrogen content of a large series of Kjeldahl digests was investigated. By using this electrode, two methods for the measurement of ammonium concentrations were compared, the direct method and the known-addition method. When the direct method was used, a marked shift in the electrode potential occurred within a few hours, causing errors of 9 17% in the results. When the ammonium concentrations were calculated from the difference in electrode potential before and after addition of a known amount of an ammonium standard solution (known-addition method), it was possible to carry out reproducible measurements and the shift in the electrode potential did not influence the results. In two series of identical samples the coefficient of variation was respectively 1.45% and 0.80%. PMID- 7353311 TI - A fluorometric assay for measurement of protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity in mammalian tissue. AB - The oxidation of protoporphyrinogen to protoporphyrin, which is catalyzed by the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase, is an important step in heme biosynthesis. We describe a fluorometric assay for protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity in mammalian tissues which measures the conversion of the non-fluorescent protoporphyrinogen to the fluorescent protoporphyrin. Using these assay conditions, the mean level of protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity in sonicated rat liver mitochondria was 12.3, and in sonicated human cultured skin fibroblasts was 1.97 nmol protoporphyrin/mg protein/h. PMID- 7353312 TI - The presence of creatine kinase BB isoenzyme in patients with prostatic cancer. AB - Creatine kinase BB isoenzyme (CK-BB) was detected in abnormal amounts in serum samples from 11 of 46 patients with Stage D carcinoma of the prostate by electrophoresis. Thirteen of 46 Stage D patients had elevated acid phosphatase values and 10 of these 13 had elevated CK-BB. CK-BB elevations were less frequent in earlier stages of prostatic cancer; Stage C: 0 of 35, Stage B: 1 of 26, Stage A: 0 of 3 and none in a group of 35 with BPH, prostatitis and bladder cancer. Results of CK-BB by a specific radioimmunoassay correlated well with those obtained by electrophoresis in most cases. Several patients were followed over time and data on CK-BB is presented for this interval. The origin of the CK-BB is still unclear. The BB isoenzyme predominates in prostatic tissue and CK-BB is the fetal form of the enzyme in human muscle and myocardium. The increase in serum CK BB may be related to increased release of the isoenzyme, either from the prostate itself or from a metastatic lesion, or may represent a release of the fetal form of the enzyme from dedifferentiated tumor tissue. PMID- 7353313 TI - Glycosaminoglycan excretion in osteogenesis imperfecta. AB - This study was carried out in order to determine whether osteogenesis imperfecta affected individuals showed a different pattern of glycosaminoglycan excretion in urine than do normals. Quantitative excretion was compared by three different methods, and the qualitative composition of the excreted glycosaminoglycan was compared by electrophoresis. No difference was noted in the amount of glycosaminoglycan excreted by normal or affected individuals as measured by macromolecular uronic acid, Alcian Blue bound by urinary constituents or amount of glycosaminoglycan actually isolated by partition. However, the affected individuals showed a statistically significant increase in Alcian Blue binding over macromolecular uronic acid not seen in the normal group, which may possibly indicate the excretion of a substance capable of binding Alcian Blue, but which is not glycosaminoglycan, by osteogenesis imperfecta affected individuals. No qualitative differences in glycosaminoglycan excretion between the two groups were detectable by electrophoresis. PMID- 7353314 TI - Spontaneous and induced autoantibodies to renal and nonrenal basement membranes in mice. PMID- 7353315 TI - The athymic nude rat. I. Morphology of lymphoid and endocrine organs. PMID- 7353316 TI - Bone scan findings with radiographic, clinical, and surgical correlation in extensive osteomyelitis: a case report. AB - A case of chronic osteomyelitis is presented in which bone scintigraphy with Tc 99m-MDP provided more accurate information than radiography in demonstrating the extent of the sequestrum and the involucrum response. Surgical and microscopic descriptions are included. PMID- 7353317 TI - Scintigraphy of shin splints. AB - Bone scans in patients with painful shin splints showed the "double stripe sign" which had previously been described as specific for hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy. PMID- 7353318 TI - Abdominal scintigraphy with Tc-99m-labeled autologous erythrocytes: demonstration of active intestinal bleeding. PMID- 7353319 TI - Unsuspected pulmonary carcinoma detected by Ga-67 scanning for interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 7353320 TI - Another bone imaging agent false-positive: phimosis. PMID- 7353321 TI - Scintigraphic imaging of an unusual liver displacement following a right pneumonectomy. PMID- 7353322 TI - Pericardial metastasis on gallium scan. PMID- 7353323 TI - Radiotracer uptake in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - A patient with pathologically confirmed medullary carcinoma of the thyroid with lymph node metastases was noted to show uptake of radiothallium, radiopertechnetate, and radioiodine. A perchlorate washout test was markedly positive, indicating that the uptake was largely due to trapping. PMID- 7353324 TI - Bone scan in extraskeletal neuroblastoma with hot primary and cold skeletal metastases. PMID- 7353325 TI - Bone scan in a case of amyloidosis. AB - A 49-year-old woman was diagnosed as having multiple myeloma and tuberculosis of the spine (Pott's disease) in 1973. In 1975, she complained of skin nodules in her lower extremities. Biopsy showed that these were amyloid nodules. A bone scan in 1978 showed accumulation of Tc-99m-MDP in the nodules. To our knowledge, this finding has not been previously described. PMID- 7353326 TI - Pulmonary uptake of gallium-67 in Wegener's granulomatosis. AB - A case of Wegener's granulomatosis diagnosed by open lung biopsy demonstrated intense pulmonary uptake of Ga-67 in the involved portion of the lung. This represents the first reported case of this disease showing gallium uptake. PMID- 7353327 TI - Nonvisualization of the left lobe of the liver due to atrophy or aplasia. AB - Aplasia or atrophy of the left lobe of the liver may result in a liver scan appearance easily misinterpreted as showing evidence of tumor involvement. Three illustrative cases of the phenomenon are presented. PMID- 7353328 TI - Diagnosis in delirium: prompt confirmation of thyroid storm. PMID- 7353329 TI - Gallium-67 uptake in a benign thymic cyst. PMID- 7353330 TI - Osteoid osteoma presenting as regional osteoporosis. PMID- 7353331 TI - Scintiscan detection of splenic arteriovenous fistulae. PMID- 7353332 TI - Principles and clinical applications of thyroid scanning by x-ray fluorescence. PMID- 7353333 TI - Effect of propranolol on plasma norepinephrine during sodium nitroprusside induced hypotension. AB - The possibility of an action of propranolol which reduces traffic in the sympathetic nervous system and/or reduces release of norepinephrine at sympathetic nerve endings has been investigated in normal subjects. Plasma norephinephrine was measured in resting supine subjects before and during infusions of sodium nitroprusside which reduced the systolic blood pressure by approximately 10 and later by 20 mm Hg. In 5 subjects these observations were repeated 2 hr after a single 200-mg oral dose of propranolol and in 3 they were repeated after 2 to 8 wk of propranolol 320 mg twice daily. In the control experiments, plasma norepinephrine increased from 0.22 up to 0.74 ng/ml when the blood pressure was reduced by 17/15 mm Hg. Corresponding figures 2 hr after 200 mg propranolol were an increase of plasma norepinephrine from 0.30 or 0.79 ng/ml with a reduction of blood pressure of 19/15 mm Hg. After long-term treatment with 640 mg propranolol daily, a similar reduction of pressure with sodium nitroprusside increased plasma norepinephrine from 0.24 to 0.68 ng/ml. There was no significant alteration in the elevation of plasma norepinephrine following blood pressure reduction with nitroprusside after either short- or long-term treatment with propranolol. These experiments do not suggest a significant role for a nervous system effect of propranolol in modifying sympathetic activity. PMID- 7353334 TI - Displacement of phenytoin from plasma binding sites by salicylate. AB - Six healthy male subjects received phenytoin sodium as 9 100-mg capsules alone or with aspirin in a randomized, crossover fashion. Aspirin, 975 mg every 6 hr, was started 22 hr before a phenytoin dose and continued for an additional 48 hr during blood sampling. Mean 4-hr plasma salicylate levels ranged from 104 to 157 micrograms/ml during the sampling period. Individual mean values for the free fraction of salicylate varied from 0.107 to 0.167. The fraction of free phenytoin in plasma rose from 0.128 +/- 0.004 to 0.163 +/- 0.009 when aspirin was given (p less than 0.001). Subjects had lower total phenytoin 48-hr area under the curve (AUC) values when on aspirin (323 +/- 36 without and 261 +/- 49 micrograms . hr . ml-1 with aspirin; p less than 0.001) but free phenytoin AUC values were unchanged (41.4 +/- 4.5 and 42.4 +/- 9.0 micrograms . hr . ml-1; p less than 0.5). Thus, more rapid clearance of total phenytoin probably compensated for salicylate displacement of phenytoin from plasma protein binding sites. Total phenytoin levels for therapeutic monitoring must be interpreted cautiously when patients also receive salicylate. PMID- 7353335 TI - Effects of aspirin on salivary and serum phenytoin kinetics in healthy subjects. AB - In vitro studies have shown that phenytoin (DPH) is displaced from plasma protein binding sites by some drugs. These results have been extrapolated to suggest that, in vivo, this may cause a rise in the free concentration, leading to a greater pharmacologic effect. We examined the effects of aspirin on the levels and kinetics of total serum DPH and free drug as represented by salivary concentrations in 7 healthy subjects. Aspirin induced a decrease (mean, 27.4 +/- 3.7%) in total serum DPH concentration but no corresponding change in salivary concentration. During continued aspirin administration, no change was observed in elimination half-life (t 1/2 beta) of total serum DPH but there was a trend toward reduced t 1/2 beta in saliva. The ratio of saliva to total serum DPH concentration also increased during this period. These results suggest that displacement of DPH from plasma protein binding sites does not result in an increase in free concentration and thus increased pharmacologic activity, but any previous relationship between total serum concentration and therapeutic effect will no longer hold, as a greater proportion of the total concentration will be in the free form and therapeutically active. PMID- 7353336 TI - Effects of disease and acetazolamide on procaine hydrolysis by red blood cell enzymes. AB - Procaine hydrolysis in vitro has been studied in whole blood, plasma, and washed erythrocytes. Esterase activity was higher in whole blood than in either diluted plasma or resuspended erythrocytes. Eserine and echothiophate specifically inhibited plasma procaine esterase activity, while acetazolamide blocked hydrolysis of procaine by washed erythrocytes. Kinetic studies in whole blood also identified 2 different enzymes. Procaine esterase activity associated with red blood cells was not impaired in patients with renal failure or hepatic cirrhosis, but procaine half-life (t 1/2) in whole blood of normal subjects was longer after 250 mg acetazolamide. PMID- 7353337 TI - Cholestyramine and spironolactone and their combination in digitoxin elimination. AB - The effects of oral cholestyramine 4 gm 8 times daily and spironolactone 300 mg daily, given independently and in combination, on the elimination rate of digitoxin were studied in 6 healthy subjects pretreated with 0.1 or 0.15 mg oral digitoxin daily for 30 days before each intervention. The mean pretreatment digitoxin concentrations for the group ranged from 21 +/- 2.9 (SD) ng/ml to 28.5 +/- 6.9 ng/ml. The mean control digitoxin half-life (t 1/2) was reduced from 141.6 to 84.4 by treatment with cholestyramine alone. Treatment with spironolactone alone prolonged the mean digitoxin t 1/2 to 192.2 hr. The mean digitoxin t 1/2 after both active drugs was intermediate at 102.9 hr. Spironolactone did not fulfill the expectation from animal studies that it would enhance the clearance of digitoxin by cholestyramine. The prolongation of digitoxin elimination after spironolactone may contraindicate this drug in digitoxin intoxication. PMID- 7353338 TI - Effect of food on enteral absorption of quinidine. PMID- 7353339 TI - Influence of allopurinol on theophylline disposition in adults. AB - Theophylline kinetics after intravenous aminophylline were determined in 5 nonsmoking healthy males before and after allopurinol for 1 wk. There was no significant alteration in theophylline disposition. PMID- 7353340 TI - Spironolactone and warfarin interaction. AB - Spironolactone has been reported to diminish the hypoprothrombinemic effect of oral anticoagulants in animals and digitoxin blood levels in man by induction of hepatic enzymes. To evaluate this in man, single oral doses of racemic warfarin, 1.5 mg/kg body weight, with and without 200 mg oral spironolactine daily, were administered to 9 normal subjects. Daily venous blood samples were analyzed for 1 stage prothrombin activity, hematocrit, and warfarin content. There was a decrease in hypoprothrombinemic effect (p less than 0.01), an increase in venous hematocrit (p less than 0.001), and no change in warfarin level (p greater than 0.5) during warfarin with spironolactone-induced diuresis over that with warfarin alone. It is concluded that the interaction of warfarin and spironolactone results primarily from the diuresis with consequent concentration of clotting factors and decreased anticoagulant effect. PMID- 7353341 TI - Effect of alcohol and marihuana on tobacco smoking. AB - Tobacco smoking covaried with alcohol consumption in male social drinkers over 15 days of unrestricted alcohol availability. Increased tobacco smoking was associated with alcohol consumption in occasional, moderate, and heavy smokers. Tobacco smoking was not systematically related to marihuana smoking even though both drugs were often smoked at the same time. During ten days of concurrent access to tobacco, alcohol, and marihuana, tobacco smoking continued to covary with alcohol consumption rather than with marihuana smoking. Marihuana smoking appeared to be independent of alcohol consumption patterns. PMID- 7353342 TI - Smokers' response to shortened cigarettes: dose reduction without dilution of tobacco smoke. AB - This study was designed to examine the response of smokers to shortening their usual brand of cigarettes. The shortening reduces the dose of smoke available from each cigarette without affecting concentration and therefore differs from dose reduction by dilution, which occurs when smokers switch to cigarettes with lower tar and nicotine deliveries. Measures of smoking behavior (e.g., cigarette consumption, puff rate), mouth-level nicotine intake (calculated from butt content), and intake to the lungs (plasma nicotine and COHb) were made in 10 smokers after 48 hr ad libitum smoking of full, three-quarter, and half-length cigarettes in a Latin square design. Mouth-level smoke intake was maintained on shortened cigarettes due to a combination of 2 types of compensatory maneuver: (1) by increasing the intensity of puffing and thereby extracting proportionately more of the smoke available from each cigarette and (2) by smoking more cigarettes. The amount of smoke inhaled, on the other hand, was only partially maintained (58% compensation). This was achieved by increase in cigarette consumption alone. There was achieved by increase in cigarette consumption alone. There was no evidence of any compensatory increase in the amount of smoke inhaled from each cigarette. Increase in consumption was thus the only maneuver that contributed to maintaining smoke intake at lung level; mouth-level intake was regulated by increasing intake per cigarette as well as consumption. PMID- 7353343 TI - The question of cumulation of digoxin metabolites in renal failure. AB - Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to separate digoxin from its metabolites digoxigenin, digoxigenin-bis-digitoxoside, and digoxigenin-mono digitoxoside with subsequent quantitation by 125I radioimmunoassay (RIA), we examined the plasma of patients on long-term oral digoxin therapy. Digoxin was also measured by RIA without prior HPLC separation. Nine patients requiring maintenance dialysis and 9 subjects with lesser degrees of renal impairment were studied. Trace amounts of 1 or more of the digoxin metabolites were found in the plasma of all dialysis patients while subjects with lesser degrees of renal failure had either none or only 1 metabolite in trace amounts. The ratio of HPLC digoxin without HPLC was 0.83 +/- 0.12 (SD) in renal failure patients and 1.06 +/ 0.09 in subjects with renal function (p less than 0.01). RIA overestimates the amount of digoxin in plasma of renal failure patients and in them from 6% to 42% of plasma digoxin, as determined by conventional 125I RIA, may represent compounds other than digoxin. PMID- 7353344 TI - Bioequivalence of subcutaneous calcium and sodium heparins. AB - The bioequivalence of subcutaneous porcine calcium and sodium heparins was studied in 48 normal male subjects randomly assigned to 1 of 4 study groups. Each subject received a single subcutaneous injection of 15,000 U of calcium heparin or 1 of 3 sodium heparins. Serial coagulation studies (Lee-White clotting time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin calcium clotting time, and heparin level) were performed over 10 hr. There were no significant differences in anticoagulant effect between groups. PMID- 7353345 TI - Saliva and plasma levels and plasma protein binding of clofibrinic acid in uremic patients. AB - Clofibrinic acid in saliva and plasma and its plasma protein binding were determined in 18 patients with renal impairment after a single 2-gm dose of clofibrate. A weak but significant correlation (r2 = 0.378; p less than 0.02) between free plasma and saliva levels of clofibrinic acid was found. The free fraction of clofibrinic acid in plasma is higher (p less than 0.02) in long-term hemodialysis patients (0.0915 +/- 0.0141) than in nondialysis patients (0.0715 +/ 0.0143). During dialysis, 2 hemodialysis patients had a free fraction more than twice as high (mean, 0.2083) as that in the other hemodialysis patients who were studied on interdialysis days. These observations suggest that saliva pH determinations are essential for optimal interpretation of saliva to plasma level ratios of weakly acidic drugs and that, during hemodialysis, patients may temporarily be exposed to increased risks of drug toxicity due to rises in free concentrations of drugs. PMID- 7353346 TI - Resin hemoperfusion in ethychlorvynol overdose. AB - An 18-yr-old male with a severe ethchlorvynol (ECV) overdose was treated with Amberlite XAD-4 resin hemoperfusion. Plasma ECV concentration declined 33% during a 3.5-hr hemoperfusion, but rebounded substantially, peaking 6 hr later. It was estimated that 16% of ECV in the body was removed. Following hemoperfusion, plasma ECV concentrations declined linearly at a rate of 13 mg/1/day. Hemoperfusion clearance was estimated by both the traditional method, using extraction ratios across the column and column blood flow (Cl = 270 ml/min), and an alternative method, using blood concentrations during hemoperfusion and recovery of drug from the resin (Cl = 184 ml/min). The latter may provide a better estimate of hemoperfusion clearance because it is not subject to error (which can be substantial) in measurement of column blood flow. The resin completely extracted ECV from plasma, resulting in a rate of elimination 10 times that expected from endogenous processes. To aid in kinetic analysis, blood:plasma partition and protein binding of ECV in 3 normal subjects were also examined. Blood:plasma ratio averaged 0.88 +/- 0.04 and fraction free in plasma, 0.38 +/- 0.02; neither changed as a function of blood concentration between 27 and 108 mg/1. Our data indicate that removal of ECV from the overdosed patient by hemoperfusion is limited by extensive distribution in and slow redistribution from body tissues, but because of the extremely slow rate of removal by the body and the severe nature of the ECV overdose, Amberlite XAD-4 hemoperfusion may be clinically useful. PMID- 7353347 TI - Transport of lignocaine by rabbit choroid plexus in vitro. AB - 1. Lignocaine readily passes from blood into cerebrospinal fluid. The isolated rabbit choroid plexus, a locus of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, accumulated [14C]lignocaine by two processess: an active, saturable transport process and a non-saturable process. 2. The accumulation of [14C]lignocaine by choroid plexus was not due to non-specific binding or metabolism of lignocaine within or on the choriod plexus. 3. These results suggest that the choroid plexus may transport lignocaine between blood and cerebrospinal fluid in vivo by a specific carrier-mediated process. PMID- 7353348 TI - The relationship between plasma biotin concentration and circulating leucocyte beta-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase and propionyl-CoA carboxylase. AB - 1. A newly developed biotin assay was used to monitor plasma and urinary biotin concentration after the oral administration of biotin. 2. In two normal subjects, leucocyte propionyl-CoA carboxylase and beta-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase were markedly stimulated after the administration of biotin. PMID- 7353349 TI - The influence of physical activity on arterial pressure during ambulatory recordings in man. AB - 1. Ambulatory blood pressure recordings were made over a 48 h period on six hypertensive patients. The conditions of study were standardized, particularly with regard to physical activity, and during one period of each day the patients were randomly allocated to be active or inactive. 2. Results show that blood pressure was highest during physical activity and lowest during sleep. There was no significant difference between the arterial pressures measured during the same physical activities carried out at the same time each day. However, during the same time on consecutive days when activity was randomized, there was a significant difference between the pressure recordings during physical activity compared with those during inactivity. Heart rate changes showed a similar trend during the randomized period. 3. Physical activity and sleep have a profound effect on continuous arterial blood pressure recordings and these are independent of time alone. These observations should be taken into account when using this ambulatory system to assess hypotensive therapy. PMID- 7353350 TI - Baroreflex sensitivity in renal failure. AB - 1. Baroreflex sensitivity was evaluated in 22 non-dialysed patients with chronic renal failure secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis. Baroreflex sensitivity was judged by the slope of the linear regression of the pulse interval on the rise in systolic blood pressure with injection of phenylephrine or reduction by amyl nitrite inhalation. 2. Baroreflex sensitivity was reduced in these patients as compared with normal controls. Reduction of baroreflex sensitivity was significantly greater in nine hypertensive than 13 normotensive patients with chronic renal failure. 3. A significant positive correlation was found between baroreflex sensitivity and motor nerve conduction velocity measured on ulnar nerve in 13 patients examined. 4. Saline was given with high dietary salt intake to seven normotensive patients with chronic renal failure for 2 or 5 days in order to determine whether the severe depression of baroreflex sensitivity can be an initiating factor for hypertension. Blood pressure was raised to hypertensive levels within 5 days in two patients in whom baroreflex sensitivity was nearly as low as that of hypertensive patients, but not in five cases whose baroreflex sensitivity was normal or only mildly depressed. Plasma volume increased to the same degree in both groups. Baroreflex sensitivity did not change in the former two cases despite blood pressure elevation. 5. It is concluded that reduced baroreflex sensitivity in chronic renal failure correlated with the prescence ofhypertension, as well as uraemic neuropathy, and may be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of hypertension in end-stage chronic glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7353351 TI - Disappearance of angiotensin II and noradrenaline from the renal and femoral circulations of the dog. AB - 1. The relative ability of the renal and femoral vascular beds to remove infused angiotensin II and noradrenaline was examined in anaesthetized greyhounds. 2. The degree of extraction of infused drug by each vascular bed was expressed as a percentage, calculated by comparing the pressor response to intra-arterial infusion with that obtained when the same dose was administered by the intravenous route. 3. When compared with the same dose given intravenously, the pressor responses after renal artery administration of angiotensin II were reduced by a mean of 77.8 +/- 4.1% (mean +/- SEM, n = 12), whereas those after femoral artery infusions at the same dose were reduced by a mean of only 27.2 +/- 4.9% (n = 12). 4. The pattern of extraction seen with noradrenaline infusions administered in a similar manner was the reverse of that with angiotensin II. There was a 28.9 +/- 6.8% (n = 7) reduction in pressor responses to renal artery infusions; in contrast, femoral artery infusions of the same dose exhibited a 99.0 +/- 1.0% (n = 7) reduction in the pressor responses. 5. Local arterial administration of the angiotensin II competitive antagonist, [Sar1,Ile8]angiotensin II, potentiated the systemic pressor responses to renal artery infusions of angiotensin II, but not those to femoral artery infusions. 6. It is suggested that the marked ability of the renal vascular bed to remove circulating angiotensin II may, in part, involve receptor-binding, although this seems not to be the case in the femoral vascular bed. PMID- 7353352 TI - Sequential changes in plasma noradrenaline during bicycle exercise. AB - 1. Forearm venous plasma noradrenaline, heart rate and intra-arterial blood pressure were measured sequentially during and after upright bicycle exercise in five normotensive and six hypertensive patients. 2. Plasma noradrenaline increased significantly between 4 and 8 min during exercise. 3. On stopping exercise blood pressure and heart rate decreased rapidly whilst plasma noradrenaline increased in each subject to reach a maximum at a median time of 108 s after exercise. 4. Plasma noradrenaline decreased in five of six normotensive patients between the end of exercise and 2 min after exercise performed in the supine position. 5. Evidence in favour of a reflex increase in sympathetic activity after upright exercise is discussed. PMID- 7353353 TI - Metabolism of vasoactive hormones in human isolated lung. AB - 1. The metabolism of some vasoactive hormones perfused through pulmonary vessels was studied in samples of human lung obtained at operations. 2. 5 Hydroxytryptamine was inactivated and this inactivation was inhibited by desmehtylimipramine and mebanazine. 3. Beta-[14C]Phenylethylamine was also metabolized in human lung. 4. Prostaglandin E2 was inactivated and this inactivation inhibited by bromocresol green and frusemide. 5. About 10% of the radioactivity from infused [14C]arachidonic acid emerged from the lung and a small amount of biological activation occurred. 6. Of [14C]arachidonic acid retained by the lung, most was present in phopholipid with lesser amounts in neutral lipid and free acid fractions. 7. The fate of the hormones studied was qualitatively similar to their fate in animal lungs. PMID- 7353354 TI - Ultrasound measurements of pulse-wave velocity in the peripheral arteries of diabetic subjects. AB - 1. Pulse-wave velocity in both upper and lower limbs has been measured in a series of diabetic and control subjects. Subjects were studied with a Doppler ultrasound system and a real-time frequency analyser. 2. The subjects comprised three groups: (a) diabetic subjects with peripheral neuropathy (43); (b) non complicated diabetic subjects (8); (c) non-diabetic control subjects (11). Those diabetic subjects with peripheral neuropathy included 12 with non-infected foot ulcers, nine with healed foot ulcers and 22 who gave no history of foot ulceration. All of the diabetic and control subjects had clinically normal peripheral pulses. 3. In the upper limbs the pulse-wave velocity was similar for all groups. By contrast, in the lower limbs pulse-wave velocity was significantly increased (P less than 0.005) in patients with healed or ulcerated feet compared with controls, non-complicated diabetic subjects or diabetic subjects with peripheral neuropathy alone. 4. It is suggested that the increased pulse-wave velocity results from an underlying, diffuse, atherosclerosis. This is not detectable clinically and was found to predominantly affect the lower limb arteries rather than the upper limb vessels. This may be an important aetiological factor in the development of foot ulcers in these patients. PMID- 7353355 TI - Sieving studies in 'urea-induced nephropathy' in the dog. AB - 1. The intrarenal infusion of concentrated urea after clamping of the renal artery produced immediate proteinuria in the dog. The predominant lesion on ultramicroscopy was destruction of the epithelial layer. Colloidal iron staining showed decreased fixed anionic charges in the capillary wall. 2. Sieving studies with neutral macromolecules such as 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone and [3H]dextran or an electronegatively charged polymer, [3H]dextran sulphate, showed a moderate increase in permeablility to the neutral tracers and a much more severe alteration of the lectrostatic barrier to the anionic polymer. The fractional clearance of dextran sulphate molecules increased to a greater extent than clearance of neutral dextrans of comparable size. 3. The shape of the curve relating the fractional clearance of dextran sulphate to molecular size is also modified in the contralateral kidney. This may be due to elevated plasma angiotensin II concentrations. PMID- 7353356 TI - Modulation of the baroreceptor reflex by angiotensin II and other vasoactive drugs in anaesthetized greyhounds. AB - 1. The effects of vascular infusions of acetylcholine, angiotensin II, noradrenaline and prostaglandin F2 alpha on the baroreceptor reflex were studied in the anaesthetized greyhound. 2. Vertebral artery infusions of low doses of angiotensin II, but not of acetylcholine or prostaglandin F2 alpha, resulted in a significant reduction in the depressor response to carotid sinus nerve stimulation. 3. The increases in blood pressure and heart rate in response to bilateral carotid artery occlusion were not significantly changes during vertebral artery infusions of acetylcholine, angiotensin II or prostaglandin F2 alpha. 4. The increases in blood pressure in response to intravenous infusions of noradrenaline were significantly enhanced during vertebral artery infusions of acetylcholine and angiotensin II, but not of prostaglandin F2 alpha. The bradycardia during noradrenaline infusions was significantly enhanced by angiotensin II alone. 5. The depressor response to carotid sinus nerve stimulation was significantly reduced during intravenous infusions of both noradrenaline and angiotensin II. 6. It is considered that although angiotensin II can be shown to have a specific central action to attenuate the response to carotid sinus nerve stimulation, the role of this action in the complete baroreceptor reflex is unproven. PMID- 7353357 TI - An evaluation of the clinical potential of a comprehensive model of human respiration in artificially ventilated patients. AB - 1. We have investigated the feasibility of accurately simulating the respiratory function of artificially ventilated patients, using a computer model of the respiratory system. Twelve patients artificially ventilated after uncomplicated cardiac bypass surgery was studied. 2. The basic information required to simulate individual ventilated subjects was measured or derived. A program was written to enable key model parameters to be adjusted automatically to match model predictions to these clinical measurements. On completion of this matching procedure all the variables computed by the model were compared with patient values (measured or derived) and their accuracy was assessed. 3. The matching algorithm successfully optimized parameters of the model representing metabolic activity, tissue respiratory quotient, venous admixture, physiological dead space and total body bicarbonate to match measured values for oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, Pa, O2, PaCO2, and arterial HCO3- respectively. Other variables compared arise from the solution of equations within the model and correlation between model and patient values is generally good (r greater than 0.9). However, values of Pv-, O2 correlate less well (r = 0.85). Factors affecting the accuracy of patient simulation are discussed and some deficiencies analysed. 4. The creation of an accurate, steady-state representation of a patient by the model opens up the possibility of using it interactively as an aid to clinical management. Some possible future developments of the technique are discussed. PMID- 7353359 TI - Ultrasound in the evaluation of renal masses. PMID- 7353358 TI - Equilibration of tracer radioiron with body iron. AB - 1. The degree to which a tracer quantity of 55Fe bound to transferrin and introduced into the plasma 36 months previously had equilibrated with the body iron was studied in a subject who was phlebotomized repeatedly until iron deficiency anaemia developed. 2. Analysis of the results with two mathematical models showed that equilibration with haemoglobin iron and storage iron was complete. 3. Estimates of the quantity of iron initially stored in the body by three different methods yielded values of 37.3, 33.1 and 34.8 mmol. 4. Since the previously determined mean initial plasma ferritin concentration was 185 micrograms/1 (462 pmol/1), there was 0.179-0.197 mmol of stored iron per 1 microgram of plasma ferritin/1. 5. The study suggests that the assumption on which currently accepted values for daily body iron loss were calculated is valid. PMID- 7353360 TI - Surgical success with the medical failure of pseudomembranous colitis treatment. PMID- 7353361 TI - Genetic knowledge of Connecticut pediatricians: implications for continuing education. PMID- 7353362 TI - Melanoma: a multidisciplinary overview of current concepts and management. PMID- 7353363 TI - Police testing and informed consent. PMID- 7353364 TI - Steroid receptors in breast cancer. PMID- 7353365 TI - Summary of FTC's opinion and order. PMID- 7353367 TI - Nursing homes are our business. PMID- 7353366 TI - The erosion of the Hippocratic tradition: a voluntary National Commission tackles health records confidentiality. PMID- 7353368 TI - Methysergide induced mitral valvular insufficiency. PMID- 7353369 TI - The action of 1,25 (OH)2D3 on turnover kinetic, remodelling surfaces and structure of trabecular bone in chronic renal failure. AB - Fibroosteoclasia as well as osteoidosis are reduced by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment if secondary hyperparathyroidism preexists. Fibrosteoclasia completely disappeared after 6 months therapy in some cases. 1,25(OH)2D3 has no or only a very slight effect on the disturbed mineralization in type II of renal bone disorder (osteoidosis only, no signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism). The appositional rate of the osteoblasts increases under 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment if serum PTH values are raised. 1,25(OH)2D3 seemed to have, in the chosen dosage of this study, a self-limiting effect by reducing the bone-forming cells, i.e. the osteoblasts. This state already represents an overtreatment of the underlying bone disease. PMID- 7353370 TI - An evaluation of 1 alpha-hydroxy-and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the treatment of renal bone disease. AB - 40 patients with bone disease due to chronic renal failure have been treated with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 for a total of 750 patient months. Both compounds were very effective in relieving bone pain and muscle weakness, and in reversing the radiographic and biochemical indices of disturbed skeletal metabolism. Their effects as judged from bone biopsies were, however, less complete, and histological improvement occurred only in a few patients. Patients with the combination of osteitis fibrosa and osteomalacia responded better than patients with either abnormality alone. Factors of importance in adversely influencing the outcome of treatment included a high pre-treatment level of calcium or immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, and a failure to augment secretion of calcitonin during treatment. It is concluded that a major therapeutic advantage of 1 alpha-OHD3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 over previously available forms of vitamin D is their rapid onset and reversal of action. These drugs do not invariably reverse bone disease and may give rise to unwanted effects. They should therefore only be used with adequate clinical, biochemical and radiographic supervision. They should not be used indiscriminately in all renal patients. PMID- 7353371 TI - The effect of 1,25 (OH)2D3 on bone mineralization: ultrastructural studies in patients with renal osteodystrophy. AB - The acute effects (15-50 days) of 1,25(OH)2D3 (0.5-2 microgram/day) on the histological, fluorescence-microscopical and ultrastructural appearance of mineralizing osteoid in iliac crest spongiosa were studied in 6 uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. While there was a marked decrease on endosteal fibrosis and osteoclast counts, volumetric and surface densities of osteoid continued to stay elevated during the observation period. The number of osteoid seams with tetracycline double label increased in 4/6 patients but no such seams appeared in 2 patients who had shown only nonlabeled seams with diffuse staining of osteoid prior to therapy. In studies with transmission electron microscopy, the interface between non-mineralized osteoid and mineralized bone was irregularly outlined and broad. In contrast to normals, coarse mineral deposits were widely scattered in the nonmineralized osteoid. The mineral deposits had two different appearances, presumable depending on the plane of section relative to the direction of collagen fiber bundles: patches of microcristalline deposits encircling perpendicularly cut non-mineralized collagen bundles and needle- or plate-shaped crystals following the striation pattern of collagen fibers. The findings point to close interaction between the pattern of mineral deposition and collagen texture. The latter was highly irregular (woven) in all uremic patients. Mineral deposits were in part normal and in part highly abnormal in texture, the latter particularly in sites with irregular collagen texture. Upon therapy, no consistent change of the ultrastructure of the mineralizing osteoid/bone interface was observed by transmission or scanning and electron microscopy. PMID- 7353372 TI - Do vitamin D or its metabolites directly affect the release of PTH? PMID- 7353374 TI - A skeletal mineralizing defect in dialysis patients: a syndrome resembling osteomalacia but unrelated to viatamin D. PMID- 7353373 TI - Use of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 in prevention of renal osteodystrophy: preliminary observations. AB - Hypercalcaemia regularly occurs when "prophylactic" 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH)2D3) in a dose of 1.0 microgram daily is given to haemodialysis patients without clinical biochemical or radiological evidence of osteodystophy. This dose is too large for such patients. Hypercalcaemia may persist for several weeks after withdrawal of 1,25(OH)2D3, particularly when previous attempts at control by dosage reduction have failed. Hypercalcaemia is better managed by stopping 1,25(OH)2D3, albeit temporarily, than by reducing the dose. PMID- 7353375 TI - Evidence that different vitamin D sterols have qualitatively different effects in man. PMID- 7353376 TI - Possible function of different renal metabolites of vitamin D in man. PMID- 7353377 TI - Unique effects of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in uremic patients. AB - The effects of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25[OH]2D3), given orally for 7-10 days at doses of 2 and 4 microgram/day, were evaluated in patients with advanced renal failure. There was a significant fall in serum Ca and a rise in alkaline phosphatase; both returned to pretreatment levels 2 weeks after cessation of therapy. There was no change in intestinal absorption of 47Ca. These observations are significantly different from those observed during treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 or 25(OH)D3, indicating that different vitamin D sterols can clearly exert different biologic effects. PMID- 7353378 TI - Clinical effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in uremic patients with overt osteodystrophy. PMID- 7353379 TI - Long-term effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on clinical and biochemical derangements of divalent ions in dialysis patients. PMID- 7353380 TI - Influence of long-term oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in childhood renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 7353381 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol in dialysed patients with clinically asymptomatic renal osteodystrophy. A controlled study. AB - Clinically asymptomatic patients undergoing hemodialysis and with histologically proven renal osteodystrophy were treated with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25[OH]2D3) or with placebo for 9-37 weeks. Serum concentrations of total calcium were frequently increased when the ionized calcium was raised into the normal range. Serum magnesium was in the upper normal range due to the presence of magnesium in the aluminum hydroxide used to lower the hyperphosphatemia, which was difficult to control. Basal serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were increased and seven times higher when measured with a radioimmunoassay recognizing mainly COOH-terminal fragments of human PTH-(1-84) (C-terminal assay) as compared to another assay measuring predominantly intact PTH-(1-84) (N terminal assay). During treatment with 1,25 (OH)2D3, serum PTH returned towards the normal range with increasing calcium levels. Mean PTH concentrations decreased significantly by 34% (p less than 0.05) when measured with the N terminal assay and by only 14% (p greater than 0.1) in the C-terminal assay. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity and the mineral content of the forearm estimated by photon absorptiometry remained unchanged. PMID- 7353382 TI - Skeletal response to treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in renal failure. PMID- 7353384 TI - Variables in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure: variation with intrathoracic pressure, graphic and digital recorders. AB - Pulmonary vascular pressures were simultaneously measured by digital instrumentation and by analysis of graphic tracings at end-expiration. Three patients were prospectively studied to assess any discrepancies between the two methods and to assess the effect of variation in intrathoracic pressure on the digital output. In this study, it was found that spontaneous breaths tended to lower pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and that machine delivered positive pressure breaths tended to elevate PCWP by digital as compared to graphic analysis. The effect of variation of intrathoracic pressure on digital PCWP was variable, unpredictable, and of sufficient magnitude to make its use unreliable. Digital instrumentation recording systems have no advantage over graphic analysis. PMID- 7353383 TI - Effects of 6 months therapy with 1,25 (OH)2D3 on bone disease of dialysis patients. PMID- 7353385 TI - Five year experience with Kistner tracheostomy tube. AB - Although the Kistner tracheostomy tube was introduced 20 years ago, it has never been formally evaluated. This tube is an appliance used to maintain a tracheostomy stoma when there is some doubt as to the patient's ability to maintain his airway without a tracheostomy tube. The Kistner tube is a short tube that occupies only the distance from the skin to the inside of the tracheal wall. A one-way valve allows air to be taken in through the tube on inhalation, but closes on expiration, forcing the air to exit through the larynx. This allows the patient to build up sufficient intrathoracic pressure to produce effective coughing and enjoy a normal phonatory function. During a 5-year period, Kistner tubes were used in 105 patients in this institution. Only 2 patients could not tolerate the tube and required change to a regular tracheostomy tube. Complications related to the Kistner tube consisted of valve malfunction in 35 patients, local skin infection in 20 patients, dislodgment of the tube in 5 patients, and partial (in 5 patients) and complete (in 1 patient) upper airway obstruction. Proper placement of the tube is of outstanding importance ot prevent protrusion of the tube into the tracheal lumen causing obstruction of the airway. Recommended maneuvers for prevention of complications along with advantages and shortcomings of the tube are discussed. With proper selection of the patient, use of the Kistner tracheostomy tube provides a safe and effective method to remove retained secretions and to wean from tracheostomy. PMID- 7353386 TI - Critical care and acute renal failure. PMID- 7353387 TI - The systemic septic response: does the organism matter? AB - The clinical and physiological responses to septicemia were evaluated in 59 patients with 70 septic episodes. All patients were critically ill, had similar ICU support, and had positive blood cultures as well as a clinical infection when studied by dye dilution cardiac outputs. The overall ratio of gram-negative to gram-positive sepsis was 2.6:1.0. Patients with septicemia caused by gram positive organisms, gram-negative organisms, anaerobes, and fungi had similar fever, leucocyte, and acid-base responses. There were also no statistical differences in any physiological variables between organism group or between specific organisms. After volume loading, all patients exhibited a hyperdynamic cardiovascular response with abnormal vascular tone. Some degree of myocardial depression was a common feature of all forms of bacterial or fungal septicemia. Heart rate was the cardiac variable producing the increased cardiac output in this setting. The exact pathogenesis of the septic response remains undetermined. However, the response appears to be host determined and not peculiar to a specific pathogenic microorganism. PMID- 7353388 TI - Flow-volume loops in newborn infants. AB - Flow-volume loops were obtained during the performance of crying vital capacity (CVC) maneuvers in 31 infants, 18 of whom had hyaline membrane disease (HMD). Both healthy and distressed infants had flow-volume loops resembling those found in adults with variable intrathoracic obstruction of the central airways. Flow rates during inspiration and expiration increased as the CVC increased. Infants with HMD had narrower inspiratory loops and attained peak expiratory flow later than nondistressed infants, but these differences were not statistically significant. Vocalizations, loss of lung recoil associated with loss of lung volume, and partial collapse of intrathoracic airways may all contribute to the shape of the flow-volume loop in infants. PMID- 7353389 TI - Pediatric intensive care unit patients. Effects of play intervention on behavior. AB - The effects of a 20-min play intervention by a child life teacher on two observed behaviors were investigated in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) patients at the Johns Hopkins Hospital Children's Center. Eleven subjects, ranging in age from 2--13 years, were observed using a Preintervention--Intervention- Postintervention design with a 3-min time sampling technique to measure the change occurring when structured play activities were introduced into the PICU environment. Significant positive changes were noted between Preintervention and Intervention in (1) affect and (2) interaction with materials. In the Postintervention period, these behaviors fell close to Preintervention levels, suggesting that the positive changes were not maintained in the absence of the Intervention condition. The results indicate that while play intervention in the PICU environment can have beneficial effects on patient's behavior, the effects of such intervention are short-lived. These data hold important implications for the staffing requirements needed to provide opportunities for the positive behavior changes to occur. PMID- 7353390 TI - Renal function in critically ill postoperative patients: sequential assessment of creatinine osmolar and free water clearance. AB - Sequential assessment of renal function in 50 critically ill postoperative patients was done by simultaneous determinants of osmolar, free water, creatinine and sodium clearances, and fractional excretion of sodium. The traumatic and nontraumatic critically ill surgical patients had a characteristic pattern of creatinine clearance (Ccr) which was age related. This was manifested in the trauma patient by Ccr which were initially greater than expected (140-190 ml/min.1.73 M2). In the uncomplicated postoperative patients, a positive correlation was found between increased cardiac index and the indexed glomerular filtration rate. Decreases in free water clearance and Ccr were useful in predicting the onset of renal failure before the development of the oliguric state. The authors conclude that frequent assessment of those renal functions which are most adversely affected by accidental or surgical trauma is most appropriately monitored by serial measurement of creatinine and free water clearance. PMID- 7353391 TI - Plasma volume, intravascular protein content, hemodynamic and oxygen transport changes during intestinal shock in dogs. Comparison of relative effectiveness of various plasma expanders. PMID- 7353392 TI - After Quinlan and Saikewicz: death, life, and God committees. PMID- 7353394 TI - The non-Hodgkin lymphomas. PMID- 7353393 TI - Pathophysiology and management of the complications resulting from fire and the inhaled products of combustion: review of the literature. AB - Respiratory dysfunction is a major consequence of smoke inhalation and significant surface burns. Carbon monoxide intoxication, asphyxia, and upper airway obstruction occur early, whereas pulmonary edema and bacterial pneumonia may be delayed for days or weeks. The noxious constituents of smoke are believed to stimulate irritant receptors producing bronchoconstriction and to cause chemical injury to the airway mucosa and the alveolar-capillary membrane producing pulmonary edema. Pneumonia occurs in most patients who survive the initial injury. Thorough history and physical and laboratory examinations may forecast the severity of injury. Treatment includes administration of oxygen, use of bronchodilators, and when necessary, mechanical ventilation. The long-term sequelae of smoke inhalation are unknown. PMID- 7353395 TI - The management of propylene glycol-sensitive patients. PMID- 7353396 TI - Balanitis plasmacellularis circumscripta (Zoon's balanitis plasmacellularis). AB - A patient with clinical and histologic features typical of Zoon's balanitis plasmacellularis is presented herein. This entity has been infrequently reported in the English literature, perhaps due to a lack of familiarity with the disease. PMID- 7353397 TI - Psychocutaneous medicine. How to recognize and handle the hostile dermatologic patient and the contemptuous dermatologic patient. AB - The dermatologist must distinguish between the hostile patient and the contemptuous patient for each must be handled very differently. The hostile patient needs empathy and the contemptuous patient needs direct , stern confrontation in order to sustain the doctor/patient relationship. If the dermatologist allows the contemptuous patient to use his disdain to discredit him, the patient loses, for he can no longer respect his doctor. The paper presented herein offers guidelines for the dermatologist in recognizing and handling both the hostile and contemptuous patient. The dermatologist must be able to recognize these differences in order to handle both types of patients knowledgeably. PMID- 7353398 TI - Topical corticoid therapy: a round table discussion. Part III. Current concepts in hydrocortisone therapy. PMID- 7353399 TI - Sterilization. PMID- 7353400 TI - Elephantiasis nostras. AB - Elephantiasis nostras is one of the most striking yet, at the same time, one of the most poorly understood dermatologic entities. We present a report on two patients with this disorder, each of whom had a marked enlargement of a lower extremity following recurrent attacks of infection and/or ulceration. In one case obesity and chronic cardiac disease may have been aggravating factors. In the second, the enlargement and deformity was severe enough to require amputation of the foot and lower leg. Study of these and other cases may lead to further insight into the pathogenesis of elephantiasis nostras. PMID- 7353401 TI - Whole coal tar shampoo: a therapeutic hair repair system. AB - An alkaline whole coal tar shampoo has been clinically re-evaluated for its therapeutic and cosmetic properties. Its efficacy, as anticipated, is confirmed in psoriasis, dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and pruritus. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the whole coal tar shampoo's ability to repair hair similar to protein cosmetic shampoos. Body, luster, and manageability improved throughout this eight week study. A new shampoo action was recorded, described as "corrective;" both oily-haired and dry-haired persons simultaneously exhibit substantial improvement towards the norm. It is postulated that the alkaline whole coal tar shampoo stimulates natural corrective mechanisms. PMID- 7353402 TI - Asbestos bodies. PMID- 7353403 TI - Aortic stenosis: can severity be reliably estimated noninvasively? PMID- 7353404 TI - Interpretation of arterial blood gases. PMID- 7353405 TI - Presence of asbestos bodies in organs other than the lung. AB - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that subjects with many asbestos bodies in their lungs at autopsy would also have asbestos bodies in various other organs. The subjects included 19 cases with diagnosis of asbestosis at death (two of these had mesothelioma, five had lung cancer) and 18 with pleural plaques but not asbestosis. Occupational histories were obtained from relatives. In subjects occupationally exposed to asbestos, large numbers of asbestos bodies were found in the lungs, and in most of these, asbestos bodies were found in many of the other organs examined. In the 18 cases with only pleural plaques found at autopsy, considerably fewer asbestos bodies were found in the lungs. The number of other organs with one or more asbestos bodies ranged from 32 percent to 62 percent of the sites examined. The findings seem to confirm the hypothesis of the study. PMID- 7353406 TI - Changes in blood P50. Effects on oxygen delivery when arterial hypoxemia is due to shunting. AB - The theoretic effect of increased values for the oxygen pressure at an oxygen saturation of 50 percent on oxygen delivery in arterial hypoxemia due to right-to left shunting was analyzed using a mathematical model of the oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium curve. We found that, regardless of the size of the shunt, a rightward shift of the curve resulted in increased mixed venous oxygen tension, increased arterial oxygen pressure, and, hence, a decreased alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference compared to the standard curve (hemoglobin level, cardiac output, and oxygen consumption remaining constant). PMID- 7353407 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of mitral stenosis in predicting mitral valve replacement vs commissurotomy. Relation to hemodynamic measurements. AB - Fifty-one patients with mitral stenosis were studied by M-mode echocardiograms to verify the possibility of predicting if they will require mitral valve replacement or commissurotomy. Fifteen of 18 patients with heavy calcification and restricted or poor valvular mobility underwent mitral valve replacement. Twelve of 14 patients with normal valve amplitude underwent mitral commissurotomy regardless of the presence of valvular calcification. A newly derived measurement, the MT/ST, which is the ratio between the maximal thickness of the widest echo from the mitral valve and the maximal thickness of the left ventricular margin of the interventricular septum, was used to assess valvular calcification. Values above 1.7 were present only in valves with restricted or poor mobility and indicated mitral valve replacement in 14 of 15 cases. All of the patients undergoing mitral valve replacement who had MT/ST ratios between 1.5 and 1.7 had restricted or poor valvular mobility. Of the patients with MT/ST ratios less than 1.5, ten of 12 with normal valvular amplitude underwent mitral commissurotomy, and four of five with restricted valvular mobility underwent mitral valve replacement. We conclude that echocardiographic assessment of mitral valvular calcification and amplitude is useful in predicting patients who will require mitral valve replacement vs mitral commissurotomy. PMID- 7353408 TI - Noninvasive tests to evaluate the severity of aortic stenosis. Limitations and reliability. AB - Fifty patients were examined with phonocardiograms, carotid pulse tracings, and M mode echocardiograms to evaluate the ability of noninvasive tests to identify the severity of aortic valvular disease as determined at cardiac catheterization. Linear and multivariate analysis showed these noninvasive approaches to have only fair correlation with the severity of the disease. A binary division of the population under study into severe and nonsevere subgroups based on aortic valvular area (less than or equal to 0.8 sq cm in severe group [n = 25]; greater than 0.8 sq cm in nonsevere group [n = 25]) allowed sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios to be determined. The likelihood ratio increased fourfold as the interval from the ECG Q wave to the murmur's peak (Q-MP) prolonged to 320 msec and increased sevenfold when the rate-corrected left ventricular ejection time (delta LVET) was more than 40 msec beyond values predicted from standard regression equations. Echocardiographic measurements were less helpful. Prolonged values of Q-MP and delta LVET proved to be the best discriminators of severe aortic valvular disease in this population where the prevalence of severe and nonsevere disease was equal. PMID- 7353409 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome in the course of acute myocardial infarction. AB - The diagnosis of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been made in our intensive coronary care unit in four patients during the course of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In all four patients, the syndrome manifested itself either after resuscitation or after a transient hypotensive state. In two of the patients none of the conditions known to be possible etiologies of ARDS was present; in the third, smoke inhalation preceded; and in the fourth, aspiration followed the AMI. The clinical and x-ray pictures were indistinguishable from acute left heart failure, the PaO2 levels were about 40 mm Hg, and a low pulmonary arterial wedge pressure was measured in all cases. Positive end expiratory pressure was used successfully, combined with other therapeutic measures, and three patients recovered from the ARDS. The association of ARDS and AMI carries a grave risk in view of the additional damage that may be caused by the severe hypoxemia to the already compromised myocardium. The AMI, if complicated by circulatory arrest, cardiogenic shock, or hypotension, seems to be an etiologic factor in the development of ARDS and it should be added to the growing list of conditions that may give rise to this new syndrome. PMID- 7353410 TI - Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis in children. AB - Interstitial pneumonitis in children is a rare and poorly understood disease. Controversy exists as to whether the varoius histologic changes encountered represent different disease or a spectrum of the same disease. Fourteen biopsy confirmed cases of desquamative interstitial pneumonitis in children were seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1953 and 1975. A search of the literature revealed 14 additional cases but no series of exclusively desquamative interstitial pneumonitis. The most frequent symptoms were retardation of growth and dyspnea, often accompanied by cough. Tachypnea was the most common finding on examination; rales, cyanosis, and clubbing were variably present. The chest roentgenogram was distinctly abnormal in all cases; it usually revealed a combined interstitial and alveolar pattern extending bilaterally from the hilus to the base. Results of laboratory studies were nonspecific for desquamative interstitial pneumonitis. All 28 patients in this review were treated with corticosteroids; 17 (61 percent) survived. Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis was found in association with a variety of other major illnesses. The cause remains unknown. PMID- 7353411 TI - Angiotensin infusion effects on left ventricular function. Assessment in normal subjects and in patients with coronary disease. AB - Radionuclide multigating of the cardiac cycle was employed to assess effects of angiotensin infusion on left ventricular function. In six normal subjects, angiotensin infusion decreased heart rate (HR) from 72 +/- SEM 2 to 57 +/- 2 beats/min (P less than 0.001); while systolic blood pressure (BP) increased from 119 +/- 2 to 178 +/- 1 mm Hg (P less than 0.001), and ejection fraction (EF) declined from 58 +/- 1 to 47 +/- 2 percent (P less than 0.05). In contrast, in 11 normal subjects, supine exercise increased HR and systolic BP by 55 and 49 percent, whereas EF increased from 64 +/- 1 to 71 +/- 1 (P less than 0.001). In ten patients with CAD, angiotensin infusion produced no change in HR, increased systolic BP by 34 percent, and decreased EF by 11 percent. Angiotensin infusion induced left ventricular depression in normal subjects and in patients with CAD. It cannot substitute for exercise in intervention radionuclide ventriculography. PMID- 7353412 TI - Cutaneous testing in the elderly patient with tuberculosis. AB - A hypothesis is presented that the fully developed cutaneous reaction to tuberculin, as exemplified by diagnostic cutaneous testing in culture-positive patients with tuberculosis, is an "all-or-nothing" phenomenon. In the elderly, this characteristic is maintained, with the value of the test being limited only by an increase in anergy. PMID- 7353413 TI - The influence of local factors on the reaction to tuberculin. 1. The effect of injection. AB - Forty-three patients being evaluated for the presence of clinical tuberculosis received careful simultaneous cutaneous tests with intermediate-strength tuberculin, comparing reactions elicited with intradermal tests to those elicited by subcutaneous tests. In another study, reactions elicited by 0.1 ml of tuberculin were compared to those elicited by 0.05 ml of the same material in the other forearm. Analysis of scattergrams comparing sizes of reactions to each technique show that differences in the sizes of the reactions elicited by intradermal and subcutaneous tests are usually small and insignificant, but subcutaneous tests unexpectedly were found to often produce larger, rather than smaller, reactions. Likewise, differences in cutaneous reactions to 0.05 and 0.1 ml of tuberculin were not impressive. We conclude that the common impression that errors of technique in the application of cutaneous tests are common explanations for false-negative tests is unwarranted. PMID- 7353414 TI - Hemodynamic response to isometric handgrip in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Thirteen patients underwent right cardiac catheterization during the first 24 hours after the onset of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. All had normal (less than 12 mm Hg) pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure or normal mean pulmonary wedge pressure (7.6 +/- 0.6 mm Hg). The patients did isometric forearm contraction to a measured level of 100 mm Hg. All patients had elevation of systemic systolic blood pressure, with a mean rise of 14.2 +/- 2.9 mm Hg; heart rate rose by 12 +/- 2 beats per minute. When compared to a control group, patients with acute myocardial infarction had a significant (P less than 0.005) elevation of 5.4 +/- 1.3 mm Hg in the pulmonary arterial diastolic or pulmonary wedge pressure. This may be a result of either increased left ventricular stiffness or decreased myocardial functional reserve. In the setting of acute myocardial infarction, patients with normal left ventricular filling pressures have abnormal ventricular performance. Isometric effort is poorly tolerated and should be avoided. PMID- 7353415 TI - Angioscopic visualization of pulmonary emboli. AB - A flexible, fiberoptic device, fitted with an inflatable distal balloon, has been used to directly visualize the great veins, right cardiac chambers, pulmonary arteries, and experimental emboli in vivo in the dog. Insertion and manipulation of the device have been well-tolerated. The angioscope has significant potential for investigative and clinical application. PMID- 7353416 TI - Effects of suctioning on mucociliary transport. PMID- 7353417 TI - Usefulness of the electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram in left bundle branch block and myocardial infarction. PMID- 7353418 TI - Abnormal chest roentgenogram following Cantor tube removal. PMID- 7353419 TI - Histoplasmosis with symptomatic lymphadenopathy. PMID- 7353421 TI - Vocal cord paralysis in myasthenia gravis following anesthesia. AB - Our patient demonstrated two unusual features: (1) severe upper airway obstruction due to bilateral vocal cord paralysis at first manifestation of a myasthenic syndrome; and (2) precipitation of this syndrome following surgery and anesthesia with succinylcholine. In addition, this case illustrates use of ventilatory measurements through an endotracheal tube for documenting the patient's progress and response to medications, most dramatically during performance of an edrophonium test. PMID- 7353420 TI - Left ventricular laceration due to stented prosthesis. AB - Complications following open chest massage in patients with porcine xenografts in the mitral location have not been previously described. The authors report a case of cardiac resuscitation following mitral valve replacement with a stented porcine valve. The patient died following brief closed chest, and then, prolonged open chest, cardiac massage. Autopsy showed laceration of the left ventricle by the prosthetic valve stents. Physicians involved in the postoperative care of patients with stented prosthetic valves should be aware of this complication and should exercise caution when applying manual compression in the region of the posterolateral base of the heart. PMID- 7353422 TI - Dobutamine vs furosemide in the treatment of cardiac failure due to right ventricular infarction. AB - A 55-year-old man with acute inferior myocardial infarction was shown to have right ventricular involvement based on elevated jugular venous pressure, prominent A waves, and Kussmaul's sign. The ECG showed ST segment elevation in V3R with evolution of Q waves in the inferior leads. Technetium pyrophosphate images showed focal uptake in the inferior region of the left ventricle, and a radionuclide ventriculogram showed a dilated right ventricle. Administration of dobutamine, a potent inotropic agent, was associated with marked hemodynamic improvement. In contrast, the administration of diuretics was associated with hemodynamic impairment. PMID- 7353423 TI - A midsystolic ejection click. AB - A patient of faintly marfanoid habitus with left venticular failure, aortic regurgitation, and rate-related left bundle-branch block was found to have a midsystolic click and echocardiographic findings suggestive of mitral valve prolapse; however, the click did not move earlier in systole in response to head up tilt or atrial pacing. Cardiac catheterization and angiocardiographic studies revealed severe left ventricular dysfunction out of proportion to the moderate amount of aortic regurgitation observed on aortographic study. Mitral valve prolapse was not confirmed by left ventriculographic study. Intracardiac phonocardiographic and catheter-tip manometric studies identified the click as being aortic in origin, ejection in timing, and midsystolic, rather than early systolic, because of delayed aortic valve opening related to left ventricular dysfunction and delay in conduction. PMID- 7353424 TI - Prolonged survival in an adult with cystic fibrosis. AB - Cystic fibrosis in patients over 40 is rare. We report a 52-year-old woman in whom cystic fibrosis was confirmed by sweat analysis. This patient represents the oldest cystic fibrosis patient (with confirmatory sweat chlorides) ever described. We conclude that any patient with the appropriate clinical presentation, regardless of age, should be investigated for cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7353425 TI - Pentazocine abuse. Report of a case with pulmonary arterial cellulose granulomas and pulmonary hypertension. AB - We report a patient who developed pulmonary hypertension following repeated intravenous injection of dissolved pentazocine tablets. Through analysis of lung biopsy material, this was shown to be due to embolization of the cellulose filler in the tablet and the tissue reaction it produced. Administration of prednisone appeared to improve the patient's clinical state. PMID- 7353426 TI - Respiratory distress due to bronchial compression in persistent truncus arteriosus. AB - Clinical and pathologic findings are described in a seven-month-old boy who suffered from persistent truncus arteriosus and suddenly developed signs of respiratory distress. Bronchial compression in patients with persistent truncus arteriosus has only rarely been reported. PMID- 7353427 TI - Chloral hydrate overdose and cardiac arrhythmias. AB - Two cases of chloral hydrate overdosage were associated with multiform ventricular tachycardia. Both were refractory to a number of antiarrhythmics, but responded to propranolol administration. Two of nine other cases reported in the literature also responded to beta-blocking agents. Mechanisms for the arrhythmia and its apparent response to beta blockade are discussed. PMID- 7353429 TI - Bronchial coarctation. AB - A 38-year-old white woman with chronic bronchitis was found to have proximal coarctation of several third and fourth order bronchi. These lesions persisted despite treatment with prednisone, 40 mg a day for eight weeks. We think these lesions are congenital in origin and were exacerbated by chronic bronchitis. PMID- 7353428 TI - Left ventricular rupture following mitral valve replacement with a Hancock bioprosthesis. AB - A rare complication of mitral valve replacement with the Hancock bioprosthesis was observed in three patients presenting with prevalent mitral stenosis and normally-sized left ventricular cavity. In the patients, a deep erosion of the left ventricular free wall was present which evolved into cardiac rupture in one of them. The laceration is ascribed to the friction between a prosthetic strut and the myocardium; a disproportion between the "high-profile" device and the left ventricular chamber is suggested to explain this complication, which may be avoided by employing a "low-profile" prosthesis. PMID- 7353430 TI - In defense of low glucose level in pleural fluid. PMID- 7353431 TI - Low glucose level in pleural fluid. PMID- 7353432 TI - Low glucose level in pleural fluid. PMID- 7353434 TI - Bilateral carotid body resection. PMID- 7353433 TI - Tracheal obstruction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 7353435 TI - Young adults surviving myocardial infarction. PMID- 7353436 TI - Effort independence and forced expiratory flow. PMID- 7353437 TI - Ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in the neonate. PMID- 7353438 TI - Netilmicin: its in vitro activity and synergism with penicillin compounds. AB - The in vitro efficacy of netilmicin and its synergism with penicillins were examined. Netilmicin was effective against E. coli, indole-negative and -positive Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Shigella and Serratia. Netilmicin was less effective than other aminoglycosides against Citrobacter and Pseudomonas. A combination of netilmicin and piperacillin synergistically inhibited Enterococci. Netilmicin was not synergistic with either penicillin or carbenicillin against Enterococci. Netilmicin with either carbenicillin, ticarcillin or piperacillin synergistically inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but no such synergism was noted against highly resistant strains of Pseudomonas. PMID- 7353439 TI - Therapeutic activity of pretazettine on Rauscher leukemia: comparison with the related Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. AB - Comparative studies on the cytotoxicity and antileukemic activity of limited numbers of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids with pretazettine, a narcissus alkaloid, have been performed on the systems of Rauscher virus-carrier cells and the leukemic mice. Only precriwelline, a stereochemical epimer of pretazettine, has been found to be therapeutically active as that of pretazettine. The natural precursors such as haemanthamine, crinamine and 6-hydroxycrinamide were also moderately active, but the artificial final product, tazettine, was confirmed to be inert. The structure-activity relationship of pretazettine or precriwelline has been partially analyzed. Also, the predominancy of antiviral activity relative to cytotoxicity of the alkaloids has been demonstrated when compared with some standard antileukemic drugs. PMID- 7353440 TI - Comparative efficacy of 5-methoxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine, 9 beta-D arabinofuranosyladenine and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine in the treatment of experimental herpes simplex keratitis. AB - The relative efficacy of 5-methoxymethyldeoxyuridine (MMUdR), adenine arabinoside (Ara-A), 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) and the combination of MMUdR and Ara-A in the treatment of experimental herpes simplex keratitis was investigated in rabbits. Treatment was initiated either at 4 or 24 h post virus inoculation. The parameter used to evaluate effectiveness was lesion size. Each eye was graded daily for the first 5 days and on alternate days thereafter to day 11. At concentrations of 2 or 5% both MMUdR and Ara-A were found to have potent antikeratitis activity. At 5% concentration, Ara-A provided essentially the same protection against herpes keratitis as 0.1% IUdR, while MMUdR was slightly less effective. The simultaneous application of 2% MMUdR and 2% Ara-A in combination was more effective than 5% MMUdR alone and was effective as 5% Ara-A or 0.1% IUdR in controlling the viral keratitis. PMID- 7353441 TI - Susceptibility of cutaneous propionibacteria to newer antibiotics. AB - The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 18 newer antibiotics were determined for 33 strains of cutaneous propionibacteria, i. e., P. acnes, P. granulosum and P. avidum. All the strains showed high sensitivity to the penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics tested. They were mostly resistant to aminoglycosides in therapeutically achievable concentrations, and nitroimidazole compounds were completely ineffective. PMID- 7353442 TI - Neomycin and the combination of neomycin and bacitracin in the prevention of bacterial infection in surgery of the colon and/or rectum. AB - In two groups of patients submitted to surgery of the colon and/or rectum, treatment to prevent bacterial infections using a combination of 100 mg neomycin and 10,000 U bacitracin every 6 h for 48 h gave the same results as neomycin employed alone at a dosage of 500 mg every 6 h for 48 h. Results confirm the synergism of action between neomycin and bacitracin. PMID- 7353443 TI - Sacral epidermoid cyst communicating with the spinal CSF canal. AB - A 6-year-old girl was found to show a presacral epidermoid cyst which had a communication with the spinal canal. The patient was admitted as a case of meningitis, but squamous cells and cholesterin crystals were observed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the CSF cholesterol level was very high. Diagnosis was established by myelography, and a cyst measuring 4.5 x 6.0 x 4.0 cm wide was totally excised surgically. A comparative discussion of this case and other reported cases of dermoid and epidermoid cysts in the central nervous system is given. PMID- 7353444 TI - Craniopharyngioma: the controversy regarding radiotherapy. PMID- 7353445 TI - Neurosurgical shunt infections. A review. AB - Shunt infections occur in 6-25% of hydrocephalic patients with shunts. Although Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus cause the majority of such infections, enteric bacteria account for at least 10-15%. The clinical presentation in most patients is nonspecific. Most investigators agree that the entire infected shunt should be removed before antibiotic therapy is initiated. The choice of an antibiotic should be guided by in vitro susceptibility of the etiologic agent, and the ability of the drug to pass the blood-brain barrier. The efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in reducing shunt infections is controversial. PMID- 7353446 TI - Cranioplasty in children. AB - In children, acquired skull defects often close spontaneously. This is most likely to take place when the dura mater and the pericranium are intact. Congenital skull defects rarely close spontaneously. Cranioplasty will be needed when a bone defect has failed to close or when it is unlikely to do so. Various methods are available: autogenous bone, acrylic resin, and metal prostheses have been widely used. A series of 68 operations performed on children under the age of 15 years is reviewed. It is concluded that shaped titanium plates are usually preferable. These can be formed by hand, or in a pressure chamber; simple defects can be closed with ready-made titanium strips. Fixation by screws is recommended. Titanium plates have been used successfully even in very young children. PMID- 7353447 TI - Relationship of alcoholic hypertriglyceridemia to stage of liver disease and dietary lipid. AB - To clarify contributions of alcoholic liver injury, dietary fat and acute ethanol intake to alcoholic hypertriglyceridemia, control subjects and alcoholics with fatty liver or cirrhosis were given a high fat meal with and without ethanol. The triglyceridemic response to the meal in patients with fatty liver (551.3 +/- 98.4 mg x hr/dl) was enhanced compared to controls (106.4 +/- 30.9) and characterized by increased fasting and postprandial pre-beta lipoproteins. The cirrhotics' response (262.5 +/- 34.9) was characterized by minimal fasting and postprandial pre-beta lipoproteins and increased postmeal chylomicrons. Ethanol added to the meal enhanced the lipemic response of controls, barely altered the response of patients with fatty liver, and decreased the response of cirrhotics. In an expanded group of alcoholic patients, the percentage of pre-beta lipoproteins determined by electrophoresis reflected the degree of liver injury. Therefore, major determinants of alcoholic triglyceridemia are stage of liver injury and dietary lipid; electrophoretic determination of pre-beta lipoproteins may indicate degree of alcoholic liver damage. PMID- 7353448 TI - Vitamin D prophylaxis and osteomalacia in chronic cholestatic liver disease. AB - Bone histology was examined in 32 patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease, of whom just over one half were receiving high-dose parenteral vitamin D therapy. Four patients had histological evidence of osteomalacia; two of these were receiving vitamin D therapy, and showed only very mild osteomalacia, while the remaining two untreated patients had more severe bone disease. Plasma 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels were normal in all vitamin D-treated patients, and serum calcium concentrations were significantly higher in the treated group. Clinical symptoms and biochemical and radiological findings were unreliable in predicting osteomalacia. It is concluded that osteomalacia is uncommon in patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease irrespective of whether or not they are receiving vitamin D therapy. However, high-dose parenteral vitamin D prophylaxis protects against vitamin D deficiency and may also prevent the development of severe bone disease. PMID- 7353449 TI - The colon influences ileal resection diarrhea. AB - Fecal mass and electrolyte concentrations from 25 ileectomy and/or colectomy patients on known diets were used to assess those factors most responsible for their diarrhea. In 18 ileectomy patients the severity of diarrhea, expressed as a fecal weight, was a function of both percent of colon and centimeters of ileum removed. Linear regression analysis, however, showed that the extent of missing colon had three times the effect of missing ileum on fecal weight. Patients who lost the ileocecal valve and part of the right colon had more diarrhea than those who lost comparable lengths of ileum but had this area preserved. Fecal ion concentrations seemed independent of diet but were related to fecal weight and the amount of colon and ileum removed. Potassium concentration was strongly dependent on the amount of colon lost, while sodium concentration was more influenced by the length of resected ileum. Choloride was most dependent on fecal weight. As expected, fecal fat correlated strongly with the extent of ileum removed. Regresison equations were constructed from the electrolyte data which described and predicted the extent of lost ileum or colon. Our data were also used to separate patients with less than 100 cm of ileum removed from those with more extensive resections. The severity of diarrhea following ileal resection depends primarily on the amount of contiguous colon removed. Varying loss of ileum and colon produced predictable effects on fecal weight and electrolyte composition. Surgeons should preserve the maximum amount of colon possible to reduce the severity of diarrhea in these patients. PMID- 7353450 TI - Fulminant hepatic failure due to transient circulatory failure in patients with chronic heart disease. AB - Heart failure is a recognized, although uncommon, cause of massive liver cell necrosis, the clinical consequences of which are intermingled with those of cardiac insufficiency in most cases. We report the cases of six patients suffering from chronic heart failure in whom an episode of acute circulatory failure resulted in massive liver cell necrosis and fulminant hepatic failure. The manifestations of fulminant hepatic failure, ie, hepatic encephalopathy, jaundice, and marked increase in prothrombin time, developed after an interval of one to three days, after the episode of acute circulatory failure, while the patiens' hemodynamic condition had returned to the previous basal status. PMID- 7353451 TI - Comparison of the one-gram d-[14C]xylose breath test to the [14C]bile acid breath test in patients with small-intestine bacterial overgrowth. AB - In twelve patients with culture-proven bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine, the ability of a newly-developed one-gram d-[14C]xylose breath test to detect bacterial overgrowth was compared to that of the [14C]bile acid breath test. All patients manifested excessive production of breath 14CO2 after the administration of one gram [14C]xylose, with 83% of the patients being abnormal within the first hour of testing. In contrast, during the [14C]bile acid breath test, four of the twelve patients had no period of excessive 14CO2 production (above the 95% confidence range of controls). Nutrient malabsorption (fat, cobalamin, xylose) was seen with both true-positive and false-negative bile acid breath tests. The one gram [14C]xylose breath test, utilizing a substrate with more predominant absorption in the proximal small intestine and which can be catabolized by Gram-negative aerobic bacteria, appears to have a greater degree of sensitivity and specificity than the bile acid breath test in detecting the presence of small-intestine bacterial overgrowth. PMID- 7353452 TI - Cholangitis in a child due to biliary tract anomalies. AB - A 29-month-old child with persistent cholangitis and steatorrhea complicating congenital hepatic fibrosis underwent radiographic evaluation of the biliary tree. Communicating intrahepatic cavernous ectasias were demonstrated by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, a procedure deemed safe in children of this age group. Unlike most patients with cholangitis, he had documented steatorrhea and growth failure which resolved following successful treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Bacteriologic diagnosis was made by direct culture of liver tissue combined with duodenal intubation. PMID- 7353453 TI - Upper-esophageal perforation with a flexible endoscope secondary to cervical osteophytes. AB - A case report of esophageal perforation by fiberoptic endoscopy in a patient with severe cervical spine disease has been described. A literature review reveals a paucity of data regarding cervical osteoarthropathy and endoscopy. A discussion of the implications of cervical spine disease with precautionary suggestions has been made. PMID- 7353454 TI - Correlation of gastric ulcer healing features by endoscopy, stereoscopic microscopy, and histology, and a reclassification of the epithelial regenerative process. AB - Four stages of gastric ulcer healing have been established by correlating endoscopic findings with those obtained from stereoscopic microscopy and histologic observations: I. initial healing stage; II. proliferative healing stage; III. palisade scar stage; IV. cobblestone scar stage. The palisade scar and cobble stone scar stages roughly correspond to Sakita's red and white scar stages, respectively. It is suggested that healing is not complete until the cobblestone stage with attendant micropit formation is achieved. PMID- 7353455 TI - Esophageal food impaction: description of a new method for bolus removal. AB - Food impaction in the esophagus is a relatively common problem seen in an emergency room setting. Traditional methods of extraction have been dangerous, time-consuming, or laborious. We review available therapeutic modalities for bolus extraction, and describe a new method using a modified 34F gastric lavage tube connected to a 120-cc aspiration syringe. This method of food removal has proven safe and effective and is readily utilized in the outpatient setting. PMID- 7353457 TI - Effect of gastric inhibitory polypeptide on pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion in man. AB - Eight male subjects were given pentagastrin by intravenous infusion in doses of 25, 74, 222, 667, and 2000 ng/kg/hr, each dose for 30 min. On another day the same subjects were given the same doses of pentagastrin while gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) was being infused intravenously in a dose of 2 microgram/kg/hr. At the 222 ng/kg/hr dose of pentagastrin, acid output was significantly lower with GIP; at all other doses of pentagastrin, acid output did not differ significantly in tests with and without GIP. Pepsin output in the tests with and without GIP did not differ significantly at any dose of pentagastrin. Plasma concentration of GIP, measured by radioimmunoassay, showed a mean +/- SE plateau level of 7.4 +/- 1.4 ng/ml during GIP infusion and 0.4 +/- 0.1 ng/ml peak level after a standard meal. We conclude that the increase in blood concentration of GIP produced by feeding is probably inadequate to cause significant inhibition of gastric acid or pepsin secretion in man. PMID- 7353456 TI - Rifampicin-induced elevation of serum bile acids in man. AB - Fasting and postprandial serum bile acid concentrations were determined by gas liquid chromatography in 20 consecutive individuals (14 normal subjects, 6 cirrhotics) before and after administration of rifampicin in a single dose of 900 mg, using each individual as his own control. In the normal subjects the 2-hr postprandial level was 2.9 +/- 0.2 microM (mean +/- 1 SEM) prior to drug administration. Following rifampicin, it was 7.7 +/- 0.5 microM (P less than 0.0005). In the patients with liver cirrhosis the 2-hr postprandial level increased from 30.2 +/- 3.5 before, to 105.0 +/- 27.7 microM after rifampicin (P less than 0.025). Twelve hours after drug administration the levels of serum bile acids were not significantly different with respect to the control values. Total serum bilirubin also showed a transient and parallel increase. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that rifampicin inhibits the hepatic transport of bile acids. PMID- 7353458 TI - Influence of glucose on cephalic-vagal-stimulated gastric acid secretion in man. AB - Gastric acid secretion was stimulated by the preparation and anticipation of a self-selected meal in five healthy male subjects. The purpose of the investigation was to determine whether intravenous (IV) or intraduodenally (ID) administered glucose solution given during the test hour of meal preparation and anticipation altered psychically stimulated acid secretion. Each subject had seven self-selected meals and received in a randomized, blinded manner the following IV or ID solutions during the test hour: IV normal saline (200 ml/hr and 1000 ml/hr; N = 2); IV glucose, 10 g (200 ml/hr, 5% D/W; N = 1); IV glucose, 25 g (250 ml/hr, 10% D/W; N = 1); IV glucose, 100 g (1000 ml/hr 10% D/W: N = 1); ID normal saline (1000 ml/hr; N = 1) and ID glucose, 30-100 g (600-2000 ml/hr, 5% D/W; N = 1). Analysis of results revealed that only ID glucose significantly inhibited psychically stimulated acid secretion at doses and resultant plasma glucose concentrations considered physiological. PMID- 7353460 TI - Hemobilia: endoscopic diagnosis and association with pancreatitis. AB - Hemorrhage into the biliary tract, known as hemobilia, is discussed almost exclusively in the surgical literature. Internists should also be aware of this entity. Two cases of hemobilia from hepatic artery aneurysm that ruptured into the biliary tract are presented. Both patients developed pancreatitis in addition to the classic symptom triad of melena, right upper quadrant pain, and jaundice. In one paitent, hemobilia was established by endoscopy. The authors adivse endoscopy workup of such patients and emphasize that pancreatitis, secondary to pancreatic duct obstruction, may be more common with hemobilia than has been reported. PMID- 7353459 TI - Aspirin-induced gastric bleeding stops despite rising plasma salicylate. AB - In 7 subjects, 100-ml successive portions of buffered acid (pH between 3.5 and 2.9) solutions of aspirin (1 g/liter) were instilled into the stomach and recovered after 10 min. Blood in the recoveries was estimated chemically. After there had been three successive increases in the rate of blood loss into the gastric lumen, typically rising from about 0.1 to 1 ml/day after about 80 min, buffered neutral solution of aspirin was instilled and recovered after 10 min. This was followed by a fall in the rate of blood loss into the gastric lumen which occurred despite a rise in the concentration of salicylate in the plasma from a mean of 55 mg/liter to 74 mg/liter. Under these conditions, salicylate in the plasma and acetylsalicylate in the gastric contents did not prevent gastric mucosal bleeding from falling to control levels within 50 min. PMID- 7353461 TI - Benign gastric ulceration in pernicious anemia. AB - Benign gastric ulceration occurred in a patient with pernicious anemia in association with aspirin therapy. Previous reports of benign gastric ulceration in patients with achlorhydria are reviewed, and the potential role of aspirin in the pathogenesis of benign ulceration in the absence of acid is discussed. PMID- 7353462 TI - Duodenal adenocarcinoma complicating celiac sprue. AB - We report the occurrence of a duodenal adenocarcinoma in a 49-year-old woman with previously unrecognized celiac sprue. Tumor resection symptomatically unmasked the small intestinal disorder. Gluten restriction effectively controlled her symptoms and the patient has remained well for over a year and a half. This case illustrates the unmasking of subclinical celiac sprue following upper gastrointestinal tract surgery. It may also reflect the association between celiac sprue and malignancy. Duodenal adenocarcinoma is an unusual occurrence in celiac sprue. PMID- 7353463 TI - Hemolytic anemia and ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7353464 TI - Radiolabeled fiber: a physiologic marker for gastric emptying and intestinal transit of solids. AB - We report here a study of radiolabeled cellulose as a marker for gastric emptying and intestinal transit of fiber in a dog model. A chemically stable radioisotopic label (131I) was employed to facilitate external monitoring of the tracer. 131I labeled fiber was found to be biologically stable, since no iodine was absorbed during passage through the canine digestive system. In comparison with water soluble tracers, gastric emptying of [131I]fiber is very slow. This is consistent with the expected behavior of fiber as a nondigestible solid. We anticipate this new radiolabeled marker will prove to be a useful tool for studies on gastric emptying, intestinal transit, fate and actions of dietary fiber in nonruminant experimental animals and, eventually, in man. PMID- 7353465 TI - Acute effect of systemic aspirin on gastric mucosa in man. AB - Aspirin was administered intravenously to study its effect upon gastric mucosa at high blood levels in the therapeutic range for rheumatic diseases. Five healthy volunteers were studied twice each with intravenous aspirin (3 g over 2 hr) and isotonic saline infusion as control. In one study, gastric potential difference was measured; in the other, coded gastric biopsies were taken sequentially prior to infusion, and at the end of infusion. Duplicate biopsies were taken for light and scanning electron microscopy. Mean potential difference at the end of the intravenous aspirin infusions was -47.7 +/- 1.4 mV, compared with saline, -51.1 +/- 2.5 mV (P greater than 0.05). The percentage of cells damaged after 2 hr intravenous infusion of aspirin (3.2 +/- 0.4%) was not significantly different from that after intravenous saline (2.6 +/- 0.3%). In contrast to oral aspirin, acute administration of aspirin parenterally does not produce detectable histological damage in man, nor does it significantly alter gastric mucosal potential difference. We conclude that high blood levels of circulating salicylate do not acutely damage gastric mucosa. Thus, histologic gastric mucosal damage produced acutely after single oral doses of aspirin are due to its topical, rather than systemic, action. PMID- 7353466 TI - [Physicochemical characteristics and structural organization of the adrenodoxin reductase from the adrenal cortical mitochondria of the bull]. PMID- 7353467 TI - [Determination of the structure of the gamma-crystallin II from a calf lens with a resolution of 5 A]. PMID- 7353468 TI - [Approach to the determination of the mutagenic potential of environmental pollutants with the example of detecting the mutagenic action of thallium carbonate]. PMID- 7353469 TI - Affective changes in male and female methadone patients. AB - The Eysenck Personality Inventory and Profile of Mood States were administered to 107 men and 43 women before starting methadone maintenance and again after four months of treatment. Both men and women reported decreases in levels of neuroticism, anxiety, and fatigue after four months of treatment. The women described themselves as less depressed, whereas the men indicated that they felt more vigorous. However, the post-test levels of affect for both sexes were still comparable to those reported for outpatient psychoneurotics. The relationships of certain background characteristics and treatment experiences associated with both sexes' changes in affect were also described. PMID- 7353470 TI - Changes in short-term prognosis-a comparison between Swedish amphetamine and opiate abusers. AB - Drug usage patterns among patients admitted to a Swedish clinic specialized in the treatment of drug dependence have undergone significant changes during the last fifteen years. During this period there has been a decline in amphetamine taking and a rise in opiate abuse. Yearly cohorts of drug abusers were subjected to a time-scheduled follow-up during the period 1970 - 1975. Opiate abusers were younger than amphetamine abusers. In spite of their youth, opiate abusers were taking drugs more intensively. Amphetamine abusers showed improved short-term prognosis while the opposite trend was found in opiate abusers. Among first admissions of amphetamine abusers in 1970, 27 per cent were found to be drug free 6 months after discharge; in 1974 the figure was 44 per cent. The corresponding figures for opiate abusers were 11 per cent in 1970 and 3 per cent in 1974. The stage in the drug-taking career rather than the drug of abuse was found to be important for the short-term outcome. PMID- 7353471 TI - Differential alcohol use patterns and personality traits among three Alcoholics Anonymous attendance level groups: further considerations of the affiliation profile. AB - The present study was designed to identify personality and drinking behavior correlates associated with membership in Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.). Affiliation profiles were developed on the basis of frequency of A.A. attendance; subtypes were defined as non, low, and high affiliates, respectively. An initial canonical correlation analysis assessed the amount of common variance between personality and drinking characteristics. Subsequent discriminant function analyses on the second-order scales of the drinking and personality variables sets identified those variables differentiating the A.A. affiliated groups. High levels of affiliation were associated with a greater degree of anxiety, a tendency to be more affected by feelings rather than intellect, and more deterioration in the physical, exhibited significant differences in perceived benefits, style, and consequences of alcohol usage. The potential therapeutic utility of A.A. affiliation profiles was discussed. PMID- 7353472 TI - Sensitivity of some human cognitive functions to effects of methamphetamine and secobarbital. AB - Sternberg's memory scanning task, Buschke's selective reminding task, and a time production task were given to 18 male subjects after they had received 10 mg of methamphetamine, 100 mg of secobarbital and placebo on separate days. Time production and learning that involved storage and retrieval of information in long-term memory were most sensitive to drug effects. Other measures of learning and memory scanning performance were not affected by either drug. PMID- 7353473 TI - Effect of repeated oral propoxyphene administration on analgesia, toxicity and microsomal metabolism in the mouse. AB - Induction of hepatic propoxyphene N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activities resulted following repeated oral administration of 25, 50 and 100 mg d propoxyphene hydrochloride per kg daily in the mouse over a six-day period. A significant elevation in both enzyme activities was noted after a single dose of propoxyphene (100 mg/kg). A dose-related response characterized the observed induction of each microsomal enzyme activity. Pentobarbital sleeping times (a measure of in vivo microsomal activity) also exhibited dose-related decrements in hypnosis with increasing doses of propoxyphene. These effects appeared to correlate with the development of tolerance to both the analgesic and lethal properties of propoxyphene. Pretreatment with SKF-525A, a potent microsomal enzyme inhibitor, abolished this tolerance in each case. Furthermore, a lack of central nervous system cellular tolerance was demonstrated by the finding that intracerebroventricular LD50 values for propoxyphene in propoxyphene- and water treated mice were identical to the value derived from naive mice. Thus, the observed tolerance seems to be the result of dispositional (metabolic) and not central nervous system tolerance. PMID- 7353474 TI - A Swedish drug abuse warning network. AB - During the period June 1971-December 1976 a total of 592 consecutive admissions to a Drug Addiction Clinic were asked which drugs they had been taking since their first contact with the illegal drug market. Nine drugs belonging to the opiate group, five different amphetamines, five hallucinogens, cocaine and cannabis were mentioned and the patients were asked to specify which year or years they had self-administered any of the drugs mentioned. No attempts were made to quantify the individual drug consumption. The amphetamines and cannabis dominated in the mid sixties, but from then on recorded used of these drugs declined. From 1965 there was a constant increase in the reported use of opiates up to a maximum of 55 per cent of the patients in 1976. The opiates seem to have been introduced on to the market in the order of increasing potency. Morphine base replaced raw opium in the early seventies but was later succeeded by heroin. Hallucinogens, except for a short period around 1969 when 11 per cent of our patients mentioned them, never seemed to reach important levels. A small but growing proportion of our patients have mentioned use of cocaine in the seventies. PMID- 7353475 TI - Drug use and drug problems among teenagers in a household sample. AB - Studies of drug use among young persons have typically employed students or special high risk groups rather than general samples. This study reports drug use among a household sample of persons aged 14 to 18. The results indicate that cannabis was the most frequently used drug. Factors associated with drug problems were: being older, living in cities, not participating in religious activities and being a worker rather than a student. Very few of those with problems had been treated or felt the need for any treatment. PMID- 7353476 TI - Generational and other differences between males and females in problem drinking and its treatment. AB - The demographic and social characteristics, drinking patterns and dependency, and problem symptoms of a representative sample of 993 adults were surveyed using a stratified household interview schedule. The data suggest important generational differences in drinking problems among the sexes. The next generation is likely to have far more female problem drinkers than the present one given the current age differences and the trend towards more women working. PMID- 7353477 TI - The non-medical use of psychoactive substances among male secondary school students in Egypt: an epidemiological study. AB - The paper reports on an epidemiological study of the non-medical use of psychoactive substances by secondary school male students in Greater Cairo. The main aim of the study was to provide factual answers to the questions: (1) How prevalent is drug abuse among male school students? (2) What are the psychoactive substances most commonly used? (3) What sociopsychological variables are meaningfully associated with the use of substances? PMID- 7353479 TI - Keeping indwelling intravenous devices patent: Hep-rinse. PMID- 7353478 TI - PUVA for psoriasis and other skin diseases. PMID- 7353480 TI - Can adverse drug reactions be prevented? PMID- 7353481 TI - Ticarcillin. PMID- 7353482 TI - Action from the CRM: barbiturates. PMID- 7353483 TI - [Quality securance in ultrasonic diagnosis?]. PMID- 7353484 TI - [Moroxydine]. PMID- 7353485 TI - [Spread of Yersinia enterocolitica infection within a hospital (author's transl)]. AB - Infections linked in time and space with Yersinia enterocolitica (serovar 0 : 9, biotype 2, lysotype X3) were observed in 6 cases within one university hospital. After a hospital epidemic in Finland in 1973 (involving 7 persons) this is the 2nd such observation. The spread was demonstrated in two areas. The probable source of infection of one patient group (n = 3) was a 48-year-old dialysis patient admitted with a febrile condition without enteritic symptoms. Pathogens could be demonstrated in his faeces by direct culture, in two contact persons cultivation was possible only with cold enrichment. Blood cultures of the first patient were negative. At about the same time 3 further infections with Yersinia enterocolitica of the same characteristics were observed in hospital personnel from different units. Frequent exchange of staff and patients among affected wards increases likelihood of cross-infection. A dialysis nurse with Yersinia arthritis was the possible link between patients and personnel. Transference of infection from one person to another can be assumed in the above cases. PMID- 7353486 TI - [Skin embolisation by drugs (author's transl)]. AB - After intragluteal injection of a drug mixture in a 39-year-old woman, circumscribed necroses developed at the site of injection. This is a rare complication of intramuscular administration of certain drugs, most of them antirheumatic agents. A haemorrhagic dermatitis develops, which may progress to necrosis. Healing occurs after spontaneous or surgical (deep excision) exclusion of the necrotic area with atrophic scarring. The complication is so rare that there is no requirement for the doctor to inform the patient of this possibility before injection. Nor is there liability by the doctor or the nurse who undertake the injections. PMID- 7353487 TI - [Hyperthyroidism following iodine-containing contrast media: control or prevent?]. PMID- 7353488 TI - [Schizophrenia--neurosis]. PMID- 7353489 TI - [Determination of systolic time intervals. A non-invasive method for evaluation of left ventricle function]. PMID- 7353490 TI - [Lumber intervertebral disk disease. Surgical therapy]. PMID- 7353491 TI - [Objective control of vision]. PMID- 7353492 TI - [Extreme pseudoagglutination of the red blood corpuscles by cold-labile IgM paraprotein (author's transl)]. AB - Electronic cell count and blood smear was impossible because of extreme pseudoagglutination of erythrocytes in a 70-year-old woman with chronic lymphoid leukaemia and associated antibody deficiency. Cold precipitation of citrated plasma occurred at 4 degrees C, turbidity was noted at room temperature, and the plasma was clear at 37 degrees C. Serum immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated IgM paraprotein of kappa type which was also present in the eluate after breaking up the erythrocyte surface at 37 degrees C. This demonstrates that the pseudoagglutination was caused by loading of the red blood corpuscles by a serologically defined cryoglobulin. PMID- 7353493 TI - [Mediastinal Hodgkin's lymphoma with growth into esophagus. Successful treatment of a rare complication]. PMID- 7353494 TI - [Bile calculus perforation into duodenum]. PMID- 7353495 TI - [Diarrhea]. PMID- 7353496 TI - [Food hypersensitivity and migraine]. PMID- 7353497 TI - [Diabetes and carcinoma frequency]. PMID- 7353498 TI - [Ambulatory detoxication of heroin addicts]. PMID- 7353499 TI - [Diabetes diet in pregnancy]. PMID- 7353500 TI - [Poliomyelitis booster vaccination]. PMID- 7353501 TI - [Transvenous cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic fine needle cholangiography (author's transl)]. AB - The comparison of transvenous cholangiography (TVC) in 82 patients with percutaneous transhepatic fine needle cholangiography (PTFC) in 84 patients showed that TVC must be considered obsolete due to the complicated procedure with low success rate (56.9%). In one case it led to septicaemia followed by death. The total success rate was 84.5% in PTFC performed with an ultrathin needle (0.5 mm diameter); congested biliary ducts were successfully punctured in 87.9% and noncongested ducts in 72.2%. Severe complications consisted of one case of intraabdominal bleeding and one biliary extravasation. As shown in animal experiments, the superficial parenchymal lesion has not always the shape of a point. High accuracy also in noncongested biliary tracts and low mortality make PTFC superior to TVC and conventional percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. PMID- 7353502 TI - [Radiotherapy of primary, locally circumscribed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the stomach (author's transl)]. AB - Different methods of treatment were compared in 24 patients with primary, locally circumscribed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the stomach. Prognosis was significantly better (P less than 0.01) for patients who had received radiotherapy as part of their primary treatment, than those who had received only surgical treatment. Two of ten patients whose tumour had been resected and who had received postoperative radiotherapy had a recurrence after 5 and 14 years, respectively, and four patients who had received radiotherapy alone for a non-resectable tumour are free of recurrence. On the other hand, a recurrence occurred in six of ten patients treated by surgery alone. The results indicate that radiotherapy is the most important method in the primary treatment of locally circumscribed gastric lymphoma. PMID- 7353503 TI - [Post-transfusion hepatitis: can the problem be solved today? (author's transl)]. AB - Among 333 patients followed-up after surgery involving a heart-lung machine between 1975 and 1976 seven (2.1%) fell ill with hepatitis. Only in two of them (0.6%) hepatitis B had occurred, caused by HBs-antigen positive blood which had had to be given for a vital indication without testing beforehand. This low rate of disease must now be considered preventable, as in 1975, the time of the transfusions, blood donor control had not reached present-day perfection due to the short period of use of radioimmuno-assay (RIA). In two patients (0.6%) non-B hepatitis following transfusion cannot be excluded although in one patient use of PPSB may be responsible for the disease. Among the 3 other hepatitis cases no aetiological connection between hepatitis and transfusion could be established on the grounds of the incubation period. PMID- 7353504 TI - [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (author's transl)]. AB - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, a special form of pyonephrosis, is hard to differentiate from other inflammatory or tumourous changes of the kidney. This is due to manifold clinical symptoms and uncharacteristic X-ray findings. The diagnosis is made histologically. The disease was observed in four female patients ages 11 to 53 years. Nephrectomy leads to cure in diffuse forms of the disease. In localised forms organ preserving operations with partial renal resections are sufficient. PMID- 7353505 TI - [Hematologic changes in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 7353506 TI - [Differential diagnostic considerations in chronic pharyngitis]. PMID- 7353507 TI - [Therapy of contrast media reactions]. PMID- 7353508 TI - [Immunosuppressive agents in HBs antigen positive hepatitis?]. PMID- 7353509 TI - ["Sleeping" of extremities]. PMID- 7353510 TI - [Codeine containing antitussive agents in drug dependance?]. PMID- 7353511 TI - [First observations with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (author's transl)]. AB - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal diaglysis (CAPD) represents a new method for treatment of chronic renal failure whereby patients carry two litres of dialysate with them permanently and are freely mobile. Dialysis is only interrupted by exchange of dialysate in approximately 6-hourly intervals. Due to the long presence of the dialysate in the peritoneal cavity clearance values are superior to intermittent peritoneal dialysis for small-molecular substances and reach elimination values of haemofiltration for medium-molecular substances. The main technical requirements consist of a permanent peritoneal dialysis catheter linked to a plastic dialysate bag by way of a connecting tube. In order to avoid frequent change of bag and thus increased risk of peritonitis bags are folded and carried on the body of the patient during the interval. Thereafter the bag is unfolded, filled with used dialysate and exchanged for a new bag. Six patients were thus treated for over 34 patient-months so far. Changes of chemical pathology were readily acceptable. Even though CAPD has several advantages over conventional dialysis as they are mainly founded on the high degree of rehabilitation of patients, risk of peritonitis is still a considerable factor of uncertainty. PMID- 7353512 TI - [Endemic goitre before and after goitre prophylaxis (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1952 and 1977 there has been a considerable change in the type of goitre operated on in the endemic area of the Austrian Tyrol. Iodine prophylaxis had proved significantly more effective in men: the consequences appear earlier and extend into the middle age groups. As a result, the type of surgical specimen is much more like that seen in non-endemic areas. The incidence of diffuse colloid goitre decreased, as that of adenomatous goitre increased. Among the adenomas, the number of the colloid-rich form has increased. Instead of diffuse or multinodular goitre one now frequently encounters the symptom-free, often uninodular, goitre. The total number of goitre operations has also decreased. PMID- 7353513 TI - [Central nervous system damage after decompression accidents (author's transl)]. AB - An increasing number of decompression accidents can be observed due to increasing popularity of diving and due to ignorance of its dangers. Permanent neurological damage is a frequent consequence of insufficient availability of treatment at the site of the accident. A 39-year-old man with a decompression accident showed the broad neurological symptomatology caused by multitopic lesions of the central nervous system. Apart from well known spinal symptoms manifold cerebral manifestations occurred. Mental and in particular neuropsychological defects could be observed beyond the purely neurological symptomatology. PMID- 7353514 TI - [Calcium induced necroses of cardiac muscle causing death in acute hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)]. AB - Typical symptoms of acute myocardial infarction led to admission of a 66-year-old female. Creatine kinase (CK) was 720 U/l on admission and together with CK-MB of 108 U/l fitted the clinical picture. The ECG showed complete left bundle branch block. The patient died a few hours later in cardiac failure. Massive hypercalcaemia of 6.2 mmol/l and hyperphosphataemia of 1.6 mmol/l suggested acute primary hyperparathyroidism already clinically which later could be verified by a parathormone level of more than 100 000 ng/l ("C-terminal assay"). At necropsy chief cell adenoma of the epithelial bodies was found, typical changes of primary hyperparathyroidism in the skeleton and kidneys, and disseminated calcifications and fresh necroses of cardiac muscle. The coronaries were normal. This is the first clinical report of fatal acute primary hyperparathyroidism due to hypercalcaemia-induced myocardial necroses. PMID- 7353515 TI - [How many deaths caused by alcohol per annum?]. PMID- 7353516 TI - [Acute therapy of uncomplicated myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7353517 TI - Estrogen receptor activation and the dissociation kinetics of estradiol, estriol, and estrone. PMID- 7353518 TI - Aromatization of androgens to estrogens mediates increased activity of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase in rat levator ani muscle. AB - Administration of testosterone propionate to immature male rats caused a 50% increase in the specific activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the rate limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, in the levator ani muscle. This effect appears to be mediated by conversion of testosterone to estradiol because of the following results: 1) the effect was not mimicked by the nonaromatizable androgens fluoxymesterone or 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone; 2) it was mimicked by 17 beta-estradiol and diethylstilbestrol; 3) it was blocked by an estrogen antagonist but not by an androgen antagonist; 4) the inactive steroid 17 alpha estradiol was without effect on glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase; and 5) the effect of testosterone was blocked by an inhibitor of androgen aromatase. These results demonstrate a direct effect of estrogen on striated muscle. PMID- 7353519 TI - Characterization of essential enzyme sulfhydryl groups of thyroxine 5'-deiodinase from rat kidney. PMID- 7353520 TI - Effect of electrical stimulation of mammary nerve upon pituitary and plasma prolactin concentrations in anesthetized lactating rats. AB - A 50-70% depletion in the anterior pituitary concentration of PRL occurred within 5 min of electrical stimulation of a single abdominal mammary nerve of urethane anesthetized lactating rats previously nonsuckled for 6-8 h. The stimulus parameters were: 1-msec pulses, 10-20/sec at 5-30 V applied 5 sec on and 10 sec off. The anterior pituitary concentration of PRL remained low for another 15-30 min after depletion, then repleted to prestimulus levels by the 90th min. The same pattern of depletion-repletion occurred when mammary nerve stimulation was applied for 5 min as when it was applied for 180 min. In other experiments, plasma PRL concentration rose swiftly and attained a maximal level, 4- to 5-fold in Wistar rats and 8- to 10-fold in Holtzman rats, above basal concentrations within 10-15 min of mammary nerve stimulation. The maximal level was sustained throughout the time the nerve was stimulated and for 45 min after the stimulation was stopped, i.e. the sustained secretion of PRL into the plasma occurred at the same time that depleted PRL was repleting. Ligation of both adrenals or iv injection of the beta-adrenergic blocker, propranolol, before stimulation of the nerve had no effect upon the plasma PRL profile in response to mammary nerve stimulation. These data indicate that mammary nerve stimulation mimics that of suckling upon depletion, repletion, and the release of PRL into the circulation and add further support to the hypothesis that these phases are independent processes. PMID- 7353521 TI - Accumulation of L-dopa in the median eminence: an index of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic nerve activity. PMID- 7353522 TI - Effect of vitamin D metabolites on intestinal calcium absorption and calcium binding protein in young and adult rats. PMID- 7353523 TI - Evidence that the dopaminergic prolactin-inhibiting factor mechanism regulates only the depletion-transformation phase and not the release phase of prolactin secretion during suckling in the rat. AB - We have compared the effectiveness of stalk-median eminence (SME) extracts, dopamine, and bromocriptine (CB-154) in inhibiting the release of PRL into the plasma during suckling when injected before depletion with that when the injections were given after the pituitary stores of PRL had been depleted and transformed by 10 min of suckling. We found that a single injection of either neutralized acidic extracts of SME at a dose of one or two SME equivalents per rat or 625 ng dopamine effectively prevented both the depletion of PRL within the pituitary and the subsequent rise in plasma PRL when given 1-3 min before the onset of suckling. Likewise, a single injection of bromocriptine (0.5 mg) given 20-30 min before the onset of suckling totally blocked pituitary depletion and the subsequent release of PRL into the circulation. However, the PRL concentration rose normally in the plasma in response to suckling when either SME extract or bromocriptine was given after PRL depletion had first been effected by prior short term (10 min) suckling. These data indicate that the depletion transformation phase but not the release phase (into the circulation) of PRL secretion is under inhibitory control by a dopaminergic PRL-inhibiting factor system. PMID- 7353524 TI - Temporal changes in testicular estradiol and testosterone concentrations, cytoplasmic estradiol binding, and desensitization after human chorionic gonadotropin administration to the immature rat. PMID- 7353525 TI - Release of dopamine from tuberoinfundibular neurons into pituitary stalk blood after prolactin or haloperidol administration. AB - The effects of PRL or haloperidol on the release of dopamine from tuberoinfundibular neurons were assessed by measuring the concentrations of dopamine in hypophysial portal plasma. The mean concentration of dopamine in portal plasma of male rats which had received an intracerebroventricular injection of PRL or a sc injection of haloperidol on the day before the collection of pituitary stalk blood was approximately 5 times that in stalk plasma of vehicle-treated control rats. The haloperidol-induced increase in the concentration of dopamine in pituitary stalk plasma appeared to be PRL mediated, since this effect of haloperidol was significantly attenuated in rats which had been pretreated with antiserum to PRL. These observations are consistent with the view that the mechanisms involved in the release of dopamine from tuberoinfundibular neurons are regulated, in part, by PRL. Moreover, in view of the inhibitory effect of dopamine on PRL-secretion, a PRL-induced increase in the release of dopamine from tuberoinfundibular neurons into hypophysial portal blood may be one mechanism by which PRL regulates its own secretion. PMID- 7353526 TI - Thyroxine 5'-monodeiodination in rat anterior pituitary homogenates. PMID- 7353527 TI - Relative effects of the somatomedins, multiplication-stimulating activity, and growth hormone on myoblasts and myotubes in culture. AB - Responses of muscle cells in culture to somatomedins A and B (SM-A and SM-B), Temin's multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA), and a number of GH preparations from various species have been determined at both the myoblast and myotube stages of differentiation. Proliferation and amino acid (AIB) uptake by myoblasts as well as AIB uptake by myotubes were equally responsive to SM-A and MSA, demonstrating that MSA serves as a useful surrogate for SM-A in studies on muscle cells. SM-B exhibited no activity in either system, and it did not enhance the actions of SM-A. A number of GH preparations were inactive in muscle cell cultures from various sources, but bovine GH stimulated AIB uptake in myotubes. Both the magnitude of the response and the sensitivity of myotubes to bovine GH increased with time after differentiation of the cells in vitro, but conditions could not be found to demonstrate an effect of GH at or near physiological levels of the hormone. On the basis of our observations and published studies on the effects of GH on isolated muscles, we suggest that the early growth of muscle is stimulated primarily by the somatomedins, and that a direct response to GH develops relatively late after the differentiation of skeletal muscle. PMID- 7353528 TI - Inhibition of cumulus cell progesterone secretion by low molecular weight fractions of porcine follicular fluid which also inhibit oocyte maturation. PMID- 7353529 TI - Effects of diphenylhydantoin on synthesis of collagen and noncollagen protein in tissue culture. PMID- 7353530 TI - Aldosterone receptors in rabbit renal cortex and red medulla. PMID- 7353531 TI - Ontogeny of circadian corticosterone rhythm in female rats: effects of periodic maternal deprivation and food restriction. PMID- 7353532 TI - Metabolic clearance rate and transplacental passage of oxytocin in the pregnant ewe and fetus. AB - The MCR and placental permeability to oxytocin were determined in chronically catheterized pregnant sheep. Simultaneous maternal and fetal plasma oxytocin (OT) concentrations were measured by RIA before and during continuous infusion of synthetic OT to steady state conditions. Baseline fetal plasma OT concentrations were significantly higher than simultaneously collected maternal concentrations (1.6 +/- 0.13 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.13 muU/ml, respectively; P less than 0.01). Mean fetal OT MCRs were 12.0 +/- 1.35 and 12.1 +/- 1.09 ml/kg . min at OT infusion rates of 64 and 640 muU/kg . min. Mean maternal MCRs were 12.1 +/- 2.64 and 12.4 +/- 1.38 ml/kg . min at OT infusion rates of 80 and 800 muU/kg . min. Uterine contractions were induced by maternal OT infusion of 800 muU/kg . min but not by lower infusion rates; no uterine contractions were induced by fetal OT infusion. OT did not appear to cross the placenta in either direction under the present study conditions. PMID- 7353533 TI - Hormonal regulation of immunoglobulins: influence of estradiol on immunoglobulins A and G in the rat uterus. PMID- 7353534 TI - Pituitary hormones and prolactin-releasing activity in rats with primary estrogen induced pituitary tumors. PMID- 7353535 TI - Ventromedial hypothalamic lesions abolish food-shifted circadian adrenal and temperature rhythmicity. AB - Daytime restriction of food and water availability in nocturnal animals phase shifts the circadian periodicity of plasma corticosteroid concentrations and body temperature. These shifted rhythms do not persist in animals with lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus, in contrast to our previous reports of persistence of such shifted rhythms in animals with lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei. These findings suggest that the ventromedial hypothalamus may be the anatomical locus which mediates the circadian response to food synchronization. PMID- 7353538 TI - Dopamine in hypophysial portal blood: relationship to circulating prolactin in pregnant and lactating rats. PMID- 7353536 TI - Structure-activity relationships of a synthetic pentapeptide that specifically releases growth hormone in vitro. PMID- 7353537 TI - Acute stimulatory effects of progesterone on luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone release in rat anterior pituitary cells in culture. PMID- 7353539 TI - Absence of high affinity dopamine receptor in GH3 cells: a prolactin-secreting clone resistant to the inhibitory action of dopamine. AB - Dopamine (DA) and DA agonists bind with high affinity to anterior pituitary receptors which mediate the inhibition of PRL release. Spiperone (SPIP), a DA antagonist, has also been successfully used to characterize pituitary DA receptors with a dissociation constant (Kd) of less than 1 nM. We studied the binding of SPIP to GH3D6 cells which secrete only PRL and GH. This clone was derived from a radiation-induced tumor of the rat anterior pituitary. Equilibrium binding of [3H]SPIP to living GH3 cells showed no high affinity receptors, but a low affinity (Kd = 0.83 microM) and saturable (0.06 fmol/cell) population of sites was observed. In addition, saturable binding with a similar affinity (Kd = 0.57 microM) was noted in broken GH3 cells. The interaction was completely reversible and temperature dependent. The concentration of various ligands required to compete for half of the [3H]SPIP binding to whole cells were: chlorpromazine, 0.17 microM; haloperidol, 0.68 microM; pimozide, 0.77 microM; d butaclamol, 1.16 microM; 1-butaclamol, 1.30 microM; SPIP, 1.49 microM; bromergocryptine, 4.98 microM; apomorphine, 13.9 microM; and DA, 100 microM. The absence of a high affinity site in GH3 cells is consistent with the decreased effectiveness of various agonists and antagonists on PRL secretion. It is possible that the low affinity interactions observed in GH3 cells are normally present in the anterior pituitary and brain and do not simply represent an alteration of receptor affinity. PMID- 7353540 TI - The action of somatomedin on glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cultured chick chondrocytes. AB - A basic somatomedin preparation results in a 2-fold stimulation of incorporation of both [3H]leucine into protein and 35SO4 into glycosaminoglycans by cultured chick sternal chondrocytes. The stimulation is seen in the presence of 20 mM 4 methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside alone but is not observable in the presence of both xyloside and cycloheximide, indicating that the stimulation by somatomedin is dependent on protein synthesis. Somatomedin stimulates incorporation of leucine into glycosaminoglycans to the same extent to which it stimulates incorporation of sulfate into glycosaminoglycans, suggesting involvement of core protein synthesis. In the presence of the xyloside, however, there is stimulation of synthesis of glycosaminoglycan chains initiated on the xyloside, with a shift in molecular weight distribution to larger molecular weights. Thus, when core protein is not rate limiting, a more general stimulatory effect of somatomedin is observed. PMID- 7353541 TI - Relationships among progesterone, androgen, and estradiol in corpora lutea and nonluteal ovarian compartments of pseudopregnant rats: effects of decidual tissue. PMID- 7353542 TI - Role of the pituitary in modulating hepatic monoamine oxidase activity. PMID- 7353544 TI - The effect of graded doses of thyroxine on plasma thyrotropin concentration in rats made hypothyroid by thyroidectomy or propylthiouracil. PMID- 7353543 TI - Prolonged responses by the rat uterus in vivo to deamino-oxytocin disproportionate to its estimated plasma half-life. PMID- 7353545 TI - Long term effects of perinatal injection of estrogen and progesterone on the morphological and biochemical development of the mammary gland. AB - The effects of neonatal injection of estrogen and progesterone on the subsequent in vitro hormone responsiveness of murine mammary glands were determined by a coordinated study of the morphological development and the biochemical response of explants. After daily in vivo pretreatment with estrogen and progesterone, explants were cultured for 5 days in a chemically defined medium containing insulin alone or insulin, cortisol, and PRL. After the culture period, the morphological development of alveoli and lobules was rated. In addition, casein mRNA was quantitated using a specific complementary DNA hybridization probe. Perinatal 17 beta-estradiol exposure was found to increase casein mRNA content as well as lobular development. Conversely, perinatal progesterone treatment inhibited both casein mRNA induction and the formation of lobules. The administration of both estradiol and progesterone to newborns resulted in an antagonistic response between these two steroids, and there was no effect on casein mRNA levels or lobular development in comparison with untreated controls. Mammary tissues of perinatally estrogen-treate mice displayed greater lobular development and contained higher levels of casein mRNA in response to an extension of the duration of in vivo pretreatment from 6 to 9 days. A comparison of the PRL dose response in vitro suggested that exposure to estrogen perinatally sensitized the mammary tissue to the subsequent addition of PRL in culture. These studies indicate that injection of newborns with estrogen may enhance the subsequent hormonally regulated differentiation of the mammary gland. Exposure to progesterone may inhibit later development, and both steroids in combination may exert antagonistic effects. These effects were not mediated solely by alterations in the normal endocrine status of the treated animals but were reflected by the subsequent hormonal response of mammary explants in a defined culture medium. This altered sensitive to hormones may be important in the increased incidence of mammary dysplasias observed in these animals. PMID- 7353546 TI - Vinblastine-induced inhibition of protein transport in the mouse thyroid in vivo. PMID- 7353547 TI - A demonstration of regional differences in lysosome membrane permeability in the membrana granulosa of Graafian follicles in cryostat sections of the rat ovary: a quantitative cytochemical study. PMID- 7353548 TI - Selective deiodination of the oldest iodinated molecules in the hypophysectomized rat. PMID- 7353549 TI - Feedback effectiveness of periodic versus constant triiodothyronine replacement. PMID- 7353550 TI - Effect of starvation on the circadian adrenocortical rhythm in rats. AB - The circadian rhythm of blood corticosterone was examined in rats whose feeding was restricted to a specific time of day. The peak of the corticosterone level was found just before feeding time regardless of whether, the rats were kept on a 12-h light, 12-h dark cycle or in constant light or were blinded. It took at least 10 days to establish the corticosterone rhythm corresponding to the feeding time, but once it had been established, it persisted for at least 2 days of stravation regardless of the lighting condition. It is concluded that the corticosterone rhythm entrained by food is endogenous. PMID- 7353551 TI - Chemical probes of amino acid residues affect the active sites of the glucocorticoid receptor. PMID- 7353552 TI - Removal of immunoreactive arginine vasopressin by the perfused rat liver. AB - To assess the ability of the liver to remove immunoreactive arginine vasopressin (AVP) from the circulation and to determine the effect of certain metabolic factors on the process, a study was carried out with rat livers perfused at 37 C with an oxygenated albumin--electrolyte solution containing AVP (117 +/- 4.5 muU/ml). In controls, the hepatic clearance of AVP was 795 +/- 120 microliter/min (SEM). The addition of AVP in concentrations up to 9029 microU/ml, perfusion with a glucose-free medium, or perfusion without oxygen did not significantly alter the hepatic clearance of AVP. However, perfusion with cold medium (11 C) significantly altered AVP removal in that initially AVP removal increased, while later on AVP removal became completely inhibited. This phenomenon may possibly be a consequence of a cold-induced increase in hepatic AVP trapping which is rapidly saturated due to a cold-induced depression of AVP transport and degradation. Support for this thesis was provided by finding that high AVP concentrations depressed the cold-endhancing removal phase. PMID- 7353553 TI - Induction of diverse arterial and myocardial lesions by adrenal regeneration hypertension in Sprague-Dawley versus spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Nonarteriosclerotic, virgin, Sprague-Dawley (SD), and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats and arterio sclerotic breeder SD and SHR rats were subjected to adrenal regeneration-induced hypertension (ARH) with and without extra salt. ARH caused a marked increase in the blood pressure of SD rats and a mild increase in SHR rats; extra salt caused exacerbation of hypertension in SD rats only. Heart and kidney weights were greatly increased commensurate with blood pressure. Increased adrenal weight concomitant with thymus gland involution was considerable in SD and less marked in SHR rats. Testes and ovaries were involuted. Creatine phosphokinase and lactic dehydrogenase levels were abnormally high; blood triglycerides, FFA, glucose, and corticosterone decreased, and total cholesterol, glucose, and corticosterone increased in SD but decreased in SHR rats. Blood urea nitrogen levels were much more abnormally elevated in SD than in SHR rats. ARH did not induce arterial disease in the virgin SD or SHR rats, but it did produce a spectrum of arterial disease in SH breeders, e.g. aortic sclerosis, polyarteritis nodosa-like lesions, intimal cartilaginous metaplasia, and hyalin fibrosis. Altered adrenocortical steroidogenesis may have conditioned the arterial wall of SHR rats to develop diverse morphological changes, and extra salt is much more detrimental to normotensive rats (SD) than to genetically hypertensive rats. PMID- 7353554 TI - Chronic administration of pharmacological doses of ovine prolactin decreases hormone disappearance rate. PMID- 7353555 TI - Effect of age on specific angiotensin II-binding sites in rat brain. PMID- 7353556 TI - Endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients with Billroth II gastrectomy. AB - We attempted endoscopic sphincterotomy in 35 patients previously subjected to Billroth II gastrectomy, and succeeded in 23 of them. It is often difficult to pass the instrument along the afferent loop and the sphincterotomy incision is seldom placed in an optimal position. Although we had complications in only 2 patpients, it is likely that spincterotomy carries a higher risk in Billroth II gastrectomy patients. It should therefore be reserved for patients who are at high risk for surgery. PMID- 7353557 TI - Forceps biopsy of the bile duct under choledochoscopic control. AB - Forceps biopsy of the distal part of the common bile duct was performed in 27 patients with cholelithiasis, under choledochoscopic guidance during surgery. Significant choledochitis was diagnosed in 72 per cent of the patients, including two with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Two patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas underwent biopsy in an attempt to obtain evidence of neoplasm. Furthermore, one patient suspected of carcinoma of the left hepatic duct tributaries received the same treatment and the malignancy was confirmed. No complications occurred. The prime indication for biopsy is to prove the presence of malignancy at this region and to provide an index for the management of cholangitis combined with choledocholitiasis. PMID- 7353558 TI - Peroral cholangiopancreatoscopy (PCPS) and peroral direct cholangioscopy (PDCS). AB - Peroral cholangiopancreatoscopy (PCPS) using a mother and babyscope was attempted in 30 cases and the duct systems were successfully inspected in 25 cases. This procedure should be useful in cases with biliary and pancreatic diseases if the bending system and biopsy channel of the babyscope can be improved. Peroral direct cholangioscopy (PDCS) using four kinds of forward-viewing small-caliber fiberscopes was successfully employed in 14 of 22 cases. These instruments have a biopsy channel as well as an air-supplying and an aspiration channel, so that a stone can be removed with a basket catheter under visual control. PDCS should become valuable therapeutically in bile duct diseases if the fiberscope can be improved. PMID- 7353559 TI - Descending sphincterotomy of the papilla of Vater through a choledochoduodenostomy under endoscopic view. Another variant of endoscopic papillotomy (EPT). AB - Endoscopic papillotomy required deep cannulation of the papilla of Vater. But retrograde placing of the papillotome in the distal common bile duct is not always possible. Occasionally conditions permitting a descending antegrade cannilation of the papilla are found. An existing choledochoduodenostomy can be used as access for such a cannulation from above. A papillotome, type Erlangen, introduced into the papilla from above, spontaneously adopts the correct cutting direction. With regard to its length the incision has, however, to be monitored endoscopically. Also, undesired additional burns in the duodenum only can be avoided by endoscopic control. This may require the use of a second instrument. The technique described above was successfully applied as another variant of descending papillotomy. PMID- 7353560 TI - Technological state of the art, possibilities and trends in urologic-endoscopic color photo, film and video recording techniques. AB - Endoscopic color photo-documentation has attained a high standard of sophistication through pioneering new technical developments and advances. Nearly all the cavities in the human body can be endoscopically explored by expediently combining appropriate equipment. Suitable endo-instruments for photography, film, and color video are discussed here on the basis of extensive experience at the German Diagnostic Clinic in Wiesbaden. The trand is clearly toward modern methods of magnetic tape recording employing compatible systems. A bright future is predicted for the color video process in medicine, especially in endoscopy. PMID- 7353561 TI - Spontaneous gallstone migration followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. AB - A case in which a medium-sized common bile duct stone spontaneously passed through the papilla into the duodenum is presented. The naturel course of this patient was followed by repeated endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Acute ulcerous changes caused by the passage of a gallstone and a surprisingly quick recovery are demonstrated by vivid illustrations. The clinical significance of the phenomenon with regard to the patulous sphincter of Oddi or, in contrast, papillary stenosis, is discussed. PMID- 7353562 TI - Palliative bile duct drainage - a new endoscopic method of introducing a transpapillary drain. AB - An endoscopic method for placing an internal drain in the bile-duct is described. Compared to the nasobiliary suction-tube this method has the advantage that it guarantees the physiological flow of the bile into the duodenum, and that the patient is in no way inconvenienced. For high-risk or inoperable cases the method can be considered as an alternative to choledochoduodenostomy. PMID- 7353563 TI - The ontogenesis of cortical self-sustained after-discharges in rats. AB - An ontogenetic development of cortical self-sustained after-discharges (SSADs) was studied in acute experiments on 98 male albino rats aged from 9 days to adulthood. Rhythmic electrical stimulation of one cortical sensorimotor area regularly elicited SSADs formed by spike-and-wave complexes starting from the postnatal day 15. Frequency of these complexes increased from 2.0 to 2.5 cycles/s in 15- and 18-day-old rats to 3.0 to 4.0 cycles/s in older animals. In younger animals SSADs were better expressed in the stimulated sensorimotor than in the visual area of both hemispheres, whereas in older rats the SSADs were fully generalized. The SSADs became longer with increasing age. A highly significant prolongation of the SSADs was seen in all age groups with repeated stimulations; this finding is discussed as a possible form of kindling. PMID- 7353564 TI - Effects of intracortical injection of blood and blood components on the electrocorticogram. AB - Long term effects of the intracortical implantation of blood and blood products on the electrocorticogram were studied in cats and guinea pigs. Focal epileptiform paroxysmal discharges developed after implantation of whole blood, hemolyzed erythrocytes, methemoglobin, ferritin, ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, fibrinogen, hemin, and cottonoid. In each group recurrent paroxysmal discharges became more prominent and more frequent after several months, suggesting a physiological change caused by a breakdown product of blood. The lesions were characterized by varying degrees of cell loss, iron deposition and glial proliferation. It is thought that posttraumatic epilepsy, which is frequently accompanied by extravasation of blood into the brain, might share a similar physiopathogenesis. PMID- 7353565 TI - Seizure propagation and ATP depletion in the rat stroke model. AB - Cerebral infarction was produced in rats by internal carotid injection of 35 mu plastic microspheres. Electroencephalograms were recorded through the scalp and from the thalamus. Regional concentration of endogenous brain ATP was studied by the histochemical bioluminescent method. Following embolization, a specific pattern of seizure propagation is noted. Spike activity appears first in the contralateral hemisphere, then the contralateral thalamus, infarcted thalamus, and finally the cortex. The results of these present experiments suggest that seizure activity following an evolving focal ischemic injury in the brain appears in the face of lowered ATP content. PMID- 7353567 TI - Intravenous clonazepam in the treatment of status epilepticus in children. AB - Seventeen children (age range 2 weeks to 15 years) who developed status epilepticus were treated with intravenous clonazepam (Rivotril). Status was promptly stopped in each instance with between 0.25 to 0.75 mg clonazepam. In 6 children who had a further episode of status epilepticus, diazepam 0.25 to 0.75 mg/kg was given. A comparison of their relative efficacy showed that in each case clonazepam had a more prolonged action. No serious side effects occurred and it was felt that i.v. clonazepam, because of its more prolonged action, could be the drug of choice in controlling status epilepticus. PMID- 7353566 TI - Interference effect of 3 Hz brain stimulation on kindling behavior induced by 60 Hz stimulation. AB - Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of 3 Hz brain stimulation on kindling behavior induced by 60 Hz sine waves stimulation. In Experiment 1, 12 rats were subjected to 40 or 60 convulsion trials with 60 Hz stimulation and then given 36 trials of 3 Hz stimulation. When these rats were stimulated again with 60 Hz sine wave current at the same brain site, none of the rats showed a convulsion in nine test trials. The intensity of stimulation had to be increased on test trial 10 to elicit convulsions for each rat. Of 10 rats in two control groups, only 1 did not convulse during the nine test trials. In Experiment 2 the effective threshold intensity (ETI) to elicit a convulsion was determined on five separate occasions with 10 days of daily trials between determinations. On each day experimental rats were stimulated with 3 Hz current on the first and third trials and with 60 Hz current on the second trial (3-60-3 group). A steady increase in the intensity required to elicit a convulsion with 60 Hz current from ETI1 to ETI5 resulted. Rats stimulated only with 60 Hz sine waves on the second trial each day (X-60-X grou,) maintained relatively stable values from ETI1 to ETI5. In the four, 10-day blocks of trials, convulsions were suppressed in 20% to 80% of the trials over the 10 day period for the 3-60-3 group, with the greatest effect occurring after about 4 days of stimulation. This suppressive effect was prominent both with rats that were at the convulsion stage prior to the first application of 3 Hz stimulation and with rats that were at preconvulsion stages. In Experiment 3 the permanency of the suppressive effect was evaluated. Eight suppressed rats from the experimental group in Experiment 2 and 4 control rats were stimulated for 90 trials over 30 days with 60 Hz current, and ETI values were determined after each set of six trials. Four of the 8 experimental rats were convulsing at ETI1 within 20 days. PMID- 7353568 TI - Age-dependent nephrotoxicity and the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in rats. AB - The pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity of gentamicin were studied in female Wistar rats of different ages. I.m. administration of 5 mg of gentamicin/kg revealed that young rats (90 g) had lower peak serum levels and a prolonged elimination half-life, when compared with adult animals. After repeated injections, renal gentamicin concentrations were continuously lower in young rats during the entire experiment until the 20th day after the last dose. Nephrotoxicity, as measured by urinary excretion rates of tubular cells and malic dehydrogenase, was most pronounced in the old rats (260 g) and distinctly less in the 210 g animals. The young rats reacted with a slight but not significant increase in cellular and enzyme excretion. Since one cause of nephrotoxicity can be assumed to be intrarenal accumulation of gentamicin, it may be concluded that a deficient ability to concentrate aminoglycosides in the kidneys resulted in decreased nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin in the young rats. PMID- 7353569 TI - Disturbances in bile acid metabolism of infants with the Zellweger (cerebro hepato-renal) syndrome. AB - The bile acid pattern in bile and serum from two infants with the cerebro-hepato renal syndrome of Zellweger was severely disturbed. An increased concentration particularly of trihydroxycoprostanic acid and also of dihydroxycoprostanic acid could be demonstrated. A generalized mitochondrial defect could explain these increased concentrations. This hypothesis is supported by the abnormal structure of the mitochondria in the liver biopsy of one of our patients. It is possible that the abnormal bile acids contribute to the liver damage of infants with Zellweger syndrome. PMID- 7353570 TI - Efficiency of heparin in the treatment of newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - Forty newborns with severe shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation were randomized for treatment with heparin or placebo. Mortality was equal in both groups. The heparin group required significantly shorter periods of artificial ventilation. The coagulation system improved faster, and the coagulation pattern showed normal values in the treatment group. Due to the low number of cases, these differences could not be statistically confirmed. PMID- 7353571 TI - Short rib-polydactyly syndrome type I, Saldino-Noonan. AB - A case of the Saldino-Noonan type of short rib-polydactyly syndrome is reported. Although multiple internal malformations have been described in this syndrome, no significant visceral abnormalities were detected in this except for the hypoplastic lungs. A similar case was reported by Spranger et al. in 1974. PMID- 7353572 TI - Horner's syndrome after treatment of tension pneumothorax with tube thoracostomy in a newborn infant. AB - A premature infant who developed respiratory distress syndrome required artificial ventilation. A right-sided tension pneumothorax at the age of 78 h was treated by insertion of a P.V.C. chest tube reaching deep into the right upper chest. At discharge on day 51 a Horner's syndrome of the right eye was noticed. Detailed examination at the age of one year revealed a typical peripheral preganglionar Horner's syndrome. Because other causes could be ruled out we assume that the lesion of the sympathetic nerve fibers was caused by the tip of the chest tube near the first thoracic intervertebral space. PMID- 7353573 TI - Deficiency of methylumbelliferyl-alpha-Neuraminic acid neuraminidase in the sialidoses and mucolipidosis II and III. PMID- 7353575 TI - Sigmoidocystoplasty: a follow-up study. AB - Sigmoidocystoplasty was performed in 62 patients. 36 were followed up. The mean observation period was 68 months, ranging from 6 to 318 months. In 18 patients the results were considered as good, 11 were improved after the operation and in 6 cases the situation was unchanged. The importance of normal urine outflow and postoperative urine cultures is emphasized. PMID- 7353576 TI - Regeneration of the ureter and the renal pelvis from transversely transected and anastomosed strip of the ureteral wall. II. Clinical. AB - Proved experimentally in dogs, the principles of regeneration of the ureter and renal pelvis from transected and anastomosed strips of the ureteral wall were carried out in man in difficult secondary operations. Indications for repair of ureteral avulsions and secondary strictures of the pyeloureteral junction as well as difficult ureteral anastomoses are discussed. Regeneration of the partial loss of the urinary tract walls versus utilization of free graft patches are considered. PMID- 7353574 TI - Renoureteral bypass in obstructions and losses of substance of the initial ureter. AB - When the renal pelvis and the proximal ureter are destroyed, surgical repair is always difficult. In case of a loss of substance of the upper ureter, it is possible to replace the obstructed (or destroyed) segment and to preserve the healthy iliopelvic ureter. The 'renoureteric bypass' consists of the insertion of an intermediate segment between the lower calyx of the kidney and the lumboiliac ureter. A prosthesis or an intestinal loop may be used to restore the continuity of the urinary tract. The results obtained in dogs being excellent, the technique was applied successfully in man in 2 cases. PMID- 7353577 TI - Size and weight study of human kidney growth velocity during the last three months of pregnancy. AB - Increase in kidney size and weight was studied in 392 kidneys from 196 dead pre- and full-term infants. The kidneys, whose three main dimensions were measured with Vernier calipers, were rigorously chosen: premature infants from pathological pregnancies or born with developmental defects and stillbirths were excluded from this study. All the kidneys used were normal. The three-dimensional reference curves for kidney growth as a function of size, weight and age of the fetus had not been established before, and should allow a better quantification of anomalies of renal development. PMID- 7353579 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosarcoma. AB - A case of retroperitoneal fibrosarcoma is reported. Clinical and pathological signs of the lesion and its treatment are emphasized. PMID- 7353578 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Differences between primary tumour and following relapses. AB - The presence of tumour-associated antigens in bladder carcinomas has been shown in leucocyte migration inhibition and lymphocyte stimulation using formalin treated autologous tumour cells as antigen. The treatment of patients with an in vitro produced specific transfer factor enhances their reactivity in these tests. However, when tumour cells from relapses were substituted for those of the primary tumour, the reactivity previously observed was abolished. An antigenic modulation and/or a polymorphic expression of bladder tumour-associated antigens in secondary tumours is suggested and might be responsible for some immunological escapes. PMID- 7353580 TI - Percutaneous pyelolithotomy. Case report and technical comments. AB - A case of nonoperative renal stone extraction through a nephrostomy tract is described. The stone was removed with the aid of a newly constructed device. The advantage of this device over a Dormia stone basket is that it has a steerable tip, which facilitates trapping of the stone in the basket. PMID- 7353581 TI - Perforation of the urinary bladder induced by indwelling Foley catheter. AB - A rare case of perforation of the urinary bladder induced by an indwelling Foley catheter is reported. The pathogenic mechanism and preventive measures are discussed. PMID- 7353582 TI - Release of prostaglandins E and F in an algogenic reaction and its inhibition. AB - E and F prostaglandins were measured by radioimmunoassay in the peritoneal fluid of rats which had been injected with an irritant, acetic acid. The considerable increase recorded 5 min after the injection virtually disappeared in 90 min. For the first 15 min the PGE2 level was twice that of PGF2 alpha, the levels then equalized and after 90 min the PGE2 level was less than that of PGF2 alpha. This balance between PGEs, which are hyperalgesic, and PGF2 alpha, which has often been shown to be a PGE antagonist, could regulate defence mechanisms. An examination of cells collected by washing the peritoneum revealed a large decrease between 15 and 30 min after injection of the irritant and suggested that the prostaglandins could be produced by neutrophil polynuclear cells but also by destruction of macrophages. Various types of prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibitors (non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents, non-narcotic analgesics and some monoamino-oxidase inhibitors and antioxidants) prevented prostaglandin release. Their activity on release paralleled their activity on acetic acid induced writhing. PMID- 7353583 TI - Dopaminergic prodrugs: brain concentrations and neurochemical effects of 5,6- and 6,7-ADTN after administration as dibenzoyl esters. PMID- 7353584 TI - Effect of L-cycloserine on cortical neurons in the rat. AB - L-Cycloserine but not D-cycloserine, depressed the firing of neurons in the sensorimotor cortex of the rat with a relatively slow time course when administered by microionophoresis or i.p. injection. The effects of GABA applied by microionophoresis or released synaptically were not modified by i.p. injections and microionophoretic administration of L-cycloserine. It is concluded that L-cycloserine depresses cell firing not by potentiation of the action of GABA but by elevating GABA-levels. PMID- 7353585 TI - Long-lasting hyperventilation induced by almitrine: evidence for a specific effect on carotid and thoracic chemoreceptors. AB - In anesthetized dogs, almitrine (0.5-3 mg/kg i.v.) induced a dose-dependent increase in respiratory rate and ventilation. The aortic and carotid chemoreceptors were involved in the effects of almitrine. Section of both carotid sinus nerves and vagus nerves abolished the effects of the drug on respiration. The respiratory response did not occur in dogs with bilateral lesions of the nucleus of the solitary tract. The electrical activity of chemoreceptor fibres was increased. Perfusion of almitrine into the carotid artery stimulated respiration. Inhalation of pure oxygen shifted the dose-response curve of the respiratory effect towards the right. Almitrine slightly stimulated ventilation in dogs with bilateral section of carotid sinus nerves and aortic nerves and this disappeared when both vagus nerves were cut indicating that this effect was mediated through some chemoreceptor fibres present in the vagus nerves or through afferent vagal fibres. PMID- 7353586 TI - Delay by bretylium of adrenergic nerve degeneration after sympathectomy of the submaxillary gland. AB - Administration of 24 mumol/kg of bretylium 10 h after ganglionectomy delayed the loss of endogenous norepinephrine and the impairment of neuronal uptake of 3H metaraminol (3H-MA) that follow sympathetic denervation. This delay was evident 16 and 20 h after denervation. Twenty four h after ganglionectomy, when NE stores and uptake of 3H-MA were reduced to their lowest values in untreated rats, in bretylium-treated ones these values were approximately 40% of those in normal glands. The onset of degeneration secretion in treated rats was delayed by about 9 h. The development of prejunctional supersensitivity was also delayed. The subcellular distribution of NE in normal and 16 h denervated glands showed that denervation reduced the neurotransmitter to the same extent in the 3 fractions: coarse, supernatant and microsomal. Treatment with bretylium and pargyline prevented the loss of NE from the microsomal fraction. Previous administration of pargyline antagonized the protection of 3H-MA uptake seen in 28 h denervated rats treated with bretylium. However, this drug combination induced a greater retention of endogenous NE 24 h after denervation. Bretylium inhibited intraneuronal MAO by 40%. It is concluded that bretylium treatment can delay the degeneration of adrenergic nerve terminals separated from the cell bodies by a pharmacological effect probably not related to MAO inhibition or to its neurone blocking action. PMID- 7353587 TI - Footshock-induced rotation: lack of effect of haloperidol and AMPT. AB - Non-lesioned, drug naive rats were administered footshock to determine whether aversive stimuli would induce rotational behavior. Circling was produced at 1, 2 and 4 mA. The direction of circling was consistent upon retest. Circling was not blocked by either haloperidol or alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) and the direction of circling induced by shock was independent from that exhibited spontaneously during the 24 h prior to the test. These findings suggest that aversive-stimulus induced circling is not mediated by the nigrostriatal dopamine system. PMID- 7353588 TI - Release of noradrenaline from the ligated cat hypogastric nerve. AB - After in vivo ligation for 24 of the cat hypogastric nerve, large amounts of noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) accumulated in the nerve segment immediately proximal to the ligature (P 1). In vitro incubation of 24-h ligated nerves ((segments P1 and P2) in oxygenated Krebs solution at 37 degrees C in the presence of the ionophore X537A or high K+ concentrations caused a marked release of endogenously accumulated NA into the incubation medium. High-K+-evoked release was entirely dependent on extracellular Ca2+. Electrical nerve stimulation caused an 80% tissue NA loss, but the transmitter could not be found in the medium as intact NA. These results suggest that the in vivo ligated cat hypogastric nerve may serve as a useful model of adrenergic nerve terminals free of effector cells. PMID- 7353589 TI - The chick as a model for malignant hyperpyrexia. AB - Administration of succinylcholine (SCh) to chicks produces rigid paralysis and death due to respiratory impairment. The mechanism of the SCh effect is probably related to the multiple innervation of muscle fibres, leading to excessive intracellular accumulation of calcium. This situation may be similar to that in malignant hyperpyrexia (MH) occurring in mammals. Dantrolene sodium, phenytoin and procain, drugs used against MH, were found to afford protection against SCh rigidity and death in chicks. It is suggested that the chick can be used as a convenient model for rapid screening of drugs potentially active against NH. PMID- 7353590 TI - Ethanol potentiation of choline, acetylcholine, carbachol and phenyltrimethylammonium contractions in the chick biventer cervicis muscle. AB - Pretreatment of chick biventer cervicis preparations with ethanol (290 mM) potentiated the EC50 of choline, acetylcholine, carbachol and phenyltrimethylammonium 91%, 319%, 97% and 213%, respectively. Perhaps this interaction of ethanol and neurotransmitter could contribute to the effects on coordination and motor activity produced by ethanol in vivo. PMID- 7353592 TI - Stimulation of 3H-apomorphine binding by dopamine and bromocriptine. PMID- 7353591 TI - Repeated treatment with d-fenfluramine or metergoline alters cortex binding of 3H serotonin and serotenergic sensitivity in rats. AB - 28-day treatment with d-fenfluramine, a serotonin (5HT) releaser and uptake inhibitor, caused significant reduction (23%) of 3H-5HT binding sites (Bmax) in the rat cortex. These sites were significantly increased (31%) in cortical membranes of rats which had received metergoline, a potent serotonin antagonist, for 28 days. Parallel changes were found in the anorectic activity of metachlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP), a potent central 5HT agonist: chronic treatment with d-fenfluramine or metergoline caused respectively a decrease and in the effect of m-CPP on food intake. The data show that changes in 5HT central receptor number and sensitivity may occur after chronic treatment with drugs acting on brain serotonin. PMID- 7353593 TI - Effect of guanine nucleotides on binding of L-3H-glutamate to cerebellar synaptic membranes. PMID- 7353594 TI - Quantitative analysis of fluorescence profiles of chromosomes. Influence of DNA base composition on banding. PMID- 7353595 TI - Cell surface changes accompanying aging in human diploid fibroblasts. II. Two types of age-related changes revealed by concanavalin A-mediated red blood cell adsorption. PMID- 7353596 TI - Cell surface changes accompanying aging in human diploid fibroblasts. III. Division age and senescence revealed by concanavalin A-mediated red blood cell adsorption. PMID- 7353597 TI - Suppression of the transformed phenotype of hepatoma cells after hybridization with normal diploid fibroblasts. PMID- 7353598 TI - Effects of divalent cations and glucose on mitotic-like events in fused interphase-metaphase cells. PMID- 7353600 TI - Hyaluronate-cell interaction. Effects of exogenous hyaluronate on muscle fibroblast cell surface composition. PMID- 7353599 TI - Histone H2A subfractions and their phosphorylation in cultured Peromyscus cells. PMID- 7353601 TI - Interaction of phospholipid vesicles with cultured myogenic cells. Effects on cell fusion. PMID- 7353602 TI - Preparation and characterization of native, fluorescently labelled brain tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). PMID- 7353603 TI - Fibroblast growth regulatory factor inhibits DNA synthesis in BALB/c 3T3 cells by arresting in G1. PMID- 7353604 TI - Evidence for an indirect effect of radiation on mammalian chromosomes. I. Indirectly-induced chromosome loss from somatic cell hybrids. PMID- 7353605 TI - Reconstitution of mating active membrane vesicles in Paramecium. PMID- 7353606 TI - The effect of dexamethasone on formation of a fibronectin extracellular matrix by rat hepatocytes in vitro. PMID- 7353607 TI - Molecular basis for genetic complementation in propionyl CoA carboxylase deficiency. PMID- 7353608 TI - Correlation between the high rate of protein synthesis during mitosis and the absence of G1 period in V79-8 cells. PMID- 7353609 TI - Increase of alpha motor neurons in chicken afflicted with muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7353610 TI - Serial lateral hypothalamic destruction with various interlesion intervals. PMID- 7353612 TI - Intraretinal transfer of a color discrimination task after tectal and telencephalic lesions in goldfish. PMID- 7353611 TI - Prevention of iron-induced epileptiform discharges in rats by treatment with antiperoxidants. PMID- 7353613 TI - Interocular transfer of color discrimination after tectal lesions in goldfish. PMID- 7353614 TI - Anesthetic-dependent excitability changes in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus of the rat. PMID- 7353615 TI - Ontogeny of fascia dentata electrical activity and motor behavior in the Dutch belted rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). PMID- 7353616 TI - Effects of neonatal seizures or anoxia on cerebellar mitotic activity in the rat. PMID- 7353617 TI - Blood plasma pyruvate kinase as a marker of muscular dystrophy. Properties in dystrophic chickens and hamsters. PMID- 7353618 TI - Topographical arrangement of thalamic neurons projecting to the orbital gyrus in the cat. PMID- 7353619 TI - An antagonism between 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine in thermally responsive units in the rabbit hypothalamus. PMID- 7353620 TI - Fiber degeneration associated with hyperphagia-inducing knife cuts in the hypothalamus. PMID- 7353621 TI - Persistence in degenerating sciatic nerve of substances having a trophic influence upon cultured muscle. PMID- 7353622 TI - Changes in cat muscle contractile proteins after prolonged muscle inactivity. PMID- 7353623 TI - Adipsia and aphagia elicited by intracerebroventricular injections of antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies. PMID- 7353624 TI - Specific binding of [3H]phencyclidines to membrane preparation. Possible interaction with the cholinergic ionophore. PMID- 7353625 TI - Distinct antigenic character of two components of poly(I).poly(C)-induced mouse L cell interferon. PMID- 7353626 TI - Sequence homology at the 3'-termini of the four RNAs of alfalfa mosaic virus. PMID- 7353627 TI - Translation of potato virus X RNA into high molecular weight proteins. PMID- 7353628 TI - Abnormal low density lipoproteins occurring in experimental cholestasis in the rat. PMID- 7353629 TI - Oscillations in protein and RNA content during synchronous growth of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Evidence for periodic turnover of macromolecules during the cell cycle. PMID- 7353630 TI - Translation of rabbit globin mRNA upon injection into fused HeLa cells. PMID- 7353631 TI - Partial amino acid sequence of three new apolipoproteins isolated from human high density lipoproteins. PMID- 7353632 TI - Lipid chain order in Acholeplasma laidlawii membranes. What does 2H NMR tell us? PMID- 7353633 TI - N-terminally extended somatostatin: the primary structure of somatostatin-28. PMID- 7353634 TI - Polyamines and yellow lupin aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Spermine and spermidine help to maintain the active structures of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. PMID- 7353635 TI - Differential effect of N-ethyl maleimide on muscarinic agonist binding in rat and bovine brain membranes. PMID- 7353636 TI - Disappearance of the 'endplate' form of acetylcholinesterase from a slow tonic muscle. PMID- 7353637 TI - Interference by cytochromes in the measurement of calcium with murexide. PMID- 7353638 TI - Conversion of inactive 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase to its active enzyme during culture of rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7353639 TI - High affinity glutamate binding during postnatal development of rat cerebellum. PMID- 7353640 TI - Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus by nucleotides. PMID- 7353641 TI - Excretion of tetrahydroharmane and harmane into the urine of man and rat after a load with ethanol. PMID- 7353642 TI - Thermal sensitivity of eukaryotic DNA polymerase-alpha and protection by its templates. PMID- 7353643 TI - The 5'-termini of low molecular weight RNA from hamster mitochondria. PMID- 7353644 TI - Estimation of the number of different sequences in myosin heavy chain mRNA prepared by different methods. PMID- 7353645 TI - Occurrence and the possible physiological role of 2-enoate reductases. PMID- 7353646 TI - Some different ways to use adsorption of molecules on electrodes to measure enzymatic activity. PMID- 7353647 TI - The use of lectins to measure acute phase proteins in the serum or plasma of man and animals during inflammation and tissue breakdown. PMID- 7353648 TI - A novel and simple method for the preparation of adenine arabinoside by bacterial transglycosylation reaction. PMID- 7353649 TI - Vitamin K epoxidase: dependence of epoxidase activity on substrates of the vitamin K-dependent carboxylation reaction. PMID- 7353650 TI - Guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) as a competitive inhibitor of GTP in hormone or cholera toxin-stimulated pancreatic adenylate cyclase. PMID- 7353651 TI - Dibromothymoquinone interaction with the CoQ-cytochrome b locus of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Further evidence for the Q cycle. PMID- 7353652 TI - Trout liver high mobility group non-histone chromosomal proteins. PMID- 7353653 TI - Control of activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in muscle by spermidine. PMID- 7353654 TI - Acceleration of the rate of deoxyhemoglobin S polymerization by the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7353655 TI - The DNA sequence of an IS/-flanked transposon coding for resistance to chloramphenicol and fusidic acid. PMID- 7353656 TI - Absence of cytochrome b reduction in stimulated neutrophils from both female and male patients with chronic granulomatous disease. PMID- 7353657 TI - f-MetLeuPhe-induced phosphatidylinositol turnover in rabbit neutrophils is dependent on extracellular calcium. PMID- 7353658 TI - Comparison of protein structures by high resolution solid state and solution NMR. PMID- 7353659 TI - CD studies on enkephalin and its Pro5-analogs. PMID- 7353660 TI - NMR study of the main components of clupeine and their possible interaction with nucleic acids. PMID- 7353661 TI - Isolation and characterisation of subfractions of nuclear protein H1 degree. PMID- 7353662 TI - A new amidinohydrolase, methylguanidine amidinohydrolase from Alcaligenes sp. N 42. PMID- 7353663 TI - Study of proton pumps by phospholipid-impregnated Millipore filters. PMID- 7353664 TI - Phospholipid asymmetry in mixed liposomes detected by enzymatic radio-iodination. PMID- 7353665 TI - The collagenous part of C1q is unaffected in the hydroxylysine-deficient collagen disease. PMID- 7353666 TI - Selective purification of plant proteins which co-polymerise with mammalian microtubules. PMID- 7353667 TI - Diabetes, obesity and heat production--possible links. PMID- 7353668 TI - The structure of the tetrasialoganglioside from human brain. PMID- 7353669 TI - Further enhancment of analgesic activity: enkephalin analogs with terminal guanidino group. PMID- 7353670 TI - Near thermodynamic equilibrium of oxidative phosphorylation by inverted inner membrane vesicles of rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7353671 TI - LSRO reports as models. PMID- 7353672 TI - American Board of Medical Laboratory Immunology. PMID- 7353673 TI - Cardiac mechanics. Introductory remarks. PMID- 7353674 TI - Computing indices of diastolic stiffness has been counterproductive. AB - Most quantitative studies of the diastolic heart have been motivated by the desire to compute an index that reflects the left ventricle's resistance to filling and relates to the mechanical properties of the muscle comprising the heart. Despite considerable effort, no consensus has developed concerning how best to describe the diastolic left ventricle. These difficulties follow from the fact that most of the indices have been ad hoc empirical descriptions of data with little or no theoretical base in the mechanics of the heart. The indices that arise from more accurate theoretical analyses are rarely tested experimentally to validate the assertion that the parameters in the theoretical models actually reflect what they claim to reflect (e.g., the elasticity of the myocardium) before applying them to clinical data. These difficulties are compounded by the fact that in a clinical setting one can only observe a short segment of the diastolic pressure-volume curve that does not provide enough information to reliably compute any of the indices of stiffness that have been proposed to date. Meanwhile, new clinical observations and animal studies have shown that the diastolic pressure-volume curve shifts following administration of drugs that appear not to alter muscle's mechanical properties. These developments suggest that future work should focus on developing theoretical models capable of explaining these phenomena, validating these theories experimentally, and discovering their physiological significance, rather than attempting to relate chamber stiffness to disease. PMID- 7353675 TI - Effect of chamber eccentricity on equatorial fiber stress during systole. AB - A survey was conducted of methods of assessing stress in the left ventricle. Although simultaneous measurements have been made of average wall force and thickness in the dog left ventricle (from which stress can be computed), the experimental procedures are not applicable to man. However, two mathematical models based on ellipsoidal representations of ventricular geometry have been shown to predict average circumferential stress reasonably well. Although both of these models are sensitive to errors in average equatorial wall thickness, they appear to be the most reliable models currently available for estimating stress. One of these models was applied to an analysis of midwall equatorial fiber stress and force in the normal conscious dog left ventricle. It was found that variations in chamber eccentricity during systole were much less important in evaluating this stress than variations in the ratio of equatorial wall thickness to semi-minor radius. A formula was derived that relates fiber stress to fiber force. It was found that fiber stress and force decrease more rapidly during ejection than intraventricular pressure, consistent with previous results. PMID- 7353676 TI - The dynamics of ventricular contraction: force, length, and shortening. AB - The heart functions as a muscular pump. The determinants of muscle fiber shortening, and consequently the extent of wall shortening, regular ventricular stroke volume. This concept of ventricular function permits the unification of the pumping characteristics of the ventricle with the behavior of its constituent muscle fibers. The isovolumetric force-length relation of the muscular wall describes the maximum force that can be sustained by any given fiber length. The "slope" of this nearly linear maximum force-length relation is determined by the contractile state of the myocardium. Because this relation determines the maximum force sustained by a given fiber length it establishes the limit to fiber shortening in the ejecting ventricle. Hence, when the instantaneous shortening load becomes maximum for the instantaneous shortening length, shortening will cease. During ejection, the rate and extent of fiber shortening are determined by the accompanying trajectory of instantaneous force (i.e., a function of chamber dimension and pressure), the instantaneous shortening length, and the contractile state of the myocardium. The interrelationship between force, length, and shortening, which may be used to describe the behavior of the muscular pump and alterations in its contractile state, indicate that the myocardium is capable of adjusting to instantaneous variations in force and length during its contraction. Furthermore, these properties of the muscular pump provide a framework for the derivation of the traditional ventricular function curve and an explanation of the mechanical disadvantage at which the failing heart operates. PMID- 7353678 TI - Left ventricular wall stress and aortic input impedance. AB - The systolic load faced by the left ventricle has been approached from several different aspects over the past decade. One major approach relates instantaneous levels of ventricular wall stress to ventricular systolic load. This approach, based on a large body of information on in vitro performance of muscle, has provided substantial insight into factors influencing ventricular performance. Another equally useful approach to describing ventricular load has been to assess the hydraulic load faced by the ventricle as arterial input impedance or by pulse transmission wave theory. The studies reviewed and the data presented in this article clearly show that in the intact, but open-chest anesthetized preparation, alterations in characteristic impedance are indeed reflected by alterations in ventricular performance, but these alterations are also reflected by alterations in ventricular wall stress that more adequately predict alterations in ventricular shortening associated with changes in load. Moreover, changes in input impedance do not, in themselves, appear to influence the force-velocity length framework for examining ventricular function. PMID- 7353677 TI - Vascular load defined by the aortic input impedance spectrum. AB - The load that the arterial system places upon the myocardium during ventricular ejection is of primary importance in the consideration of ventricular function. This dynamic load can be characterized by the total aortic input impedance spectrum obtained from Fourier analysis of pulsatile pressure and flow waves recorded in the ascending aorta. Certain indices derived from the impedance spectrum provide quantitative and qualitative information about this dynamic load in terms of peripheral arteriolar dimensions (resistance), aortic wall stiffness (compliance), and wave reflections (reflectance). Studies in isolated heart preparations and intact dogs have shown that increases in resistance (decrease in arteriolar caliber) or aortic stiffness (decrease in aortic compliance) independently influence an increase in peak left ventricular pressure and a decrease in stroke volume. An increase in wave reflections also has the potential to reduce stroke volume while increasing peak pressure. Recent human studies have shown that in heart failure patients the components of the dynamic vascular load are also elevated compared to subjects without heart failure. Infusion of the vasodilator sodium nitroprusside abruptly reduces these components of vascular load as ventricular stroke output is enhanced. Thus, there is sufficient evidence to indicate that changes in the mechanical properties of the arterial tree influence the opposition to ventricular outflow. Since these properties can be described by the aortic input impedance spectrum, this function can be used to define the external load imposed on the ventricle by the vascular system. PMID- 7353679 TI - Placenta in relation to nutrition. Introduction. PMID- 7353680 TI - Dynamics of maternal-fetal nutrient transfer. AB - Several mechanisms account for transfer of substances across the placenta, including passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, solute drag, and pinocytosis. The rates at which these processes occur and the rates of equilibration of various substances between maternal and fetal circulation vary widely. In general, gases and some ions equilibrate rapidly while large molecules such as proteins exchange slowly. Some nutrients such as amino acids, calcium, iron, and possibly some vitamins are transported against a concentration gradient. This report compares equilibration rates for various nutrients and discusses the use of mathematical modeling to quantitate certain aspects of the processes, and to gain a better understanding of factors determining placental exchange. PMID- 7353681 TI - Utilization of substrates by the ovine placenta in vivo. AB - The uptakes of oxygen, glucose, and amino acids by the pregnant uterus via the uterine circulation and by the fetus via the umbilical circulation have been measured in sheep during the last month of gestation. The umbilical uptakes of oxygen and glucose are approximately 55 and 28%, respectively, of the total uterine uptake. This discrepancy between uterine and umbilical uptakes is due primarily to a large utilization rate of oxygen and glucose by the placenta. Part of the placental utilization of glucose can be accounted for by placental lactate excretion into both maternal and fetal blood. In marked contrast to the pattern of glucose utilization, the comparison of uterine and umbilical amino acid uptakes shows that the bulk of the amino acids taken up by the pregnant uterus is transferred to the fetus. The placenta utilizes glutamate of fetal origin and produces ammonia, which is excreted primarily into the maternal circulation. PMID- 7353682 TI - Placental growth, development, and function in relation to maternal nutrition. AB - Maternal malnutrition in humans and also in the rat interferes with normal placental growth as reflected by a lower weight, smaller placental size, and reduced DNA content. The affected placentas also have a reduced peripheral villous mass and villous surface. Biochemical studies have revealed a reduced polysome/monosome ratio and higher levels of alkaline ribonuclease activity. However, the rate of protein synthesis in a cell free system, expressed per milligram of rRNA, is not impaired. The composition of the placenta is also altered by malnutrition. Reduced concentrations of ash, hydroxyproline, and fat have been described in human placentas and reduced glycogen and putrescine concentrations have been described in the rat placenta. The functional implications of some of these changes are still unclear. In malnourished women a reduced estriol and pregnanediol excretion have been reported. Malnourished rats near term have a reduced maternal-fetal transfer of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and glucose, but is is still unclear to what extent the reduced transfer is due to placental factors or preplacental factors such as reduced placental blood flow, also present in malnourished animals. PMID- 7353683 TI - Placental protein and peptide hormone synthesis: impact of maternal nutrition. AB - The human placenta is an organ with a long period of growth in cell number later succeeded by cessation of cell division but some continued growth in cell size. The RNA concentration and content per cell (RNA/DNA ratio) are reduced between the end of the first trimester and the end of pregnancy, and there is a change in availability of placental chromatin for transcription when incubated in vitro with RNA polymerase II. Synthesis and secretion of placental peptide hormones on membrane-bound polyribosomes also undergo changes during pregnancy. During early pregnancy, levels of human chorionic gonadotropin are maximal, declining in later pregnancy, levels of human chorionic gonadotropin are maximal, declining in later pregnancy. The messenger RNA for this hormone undergoes similar changes in relative amount in the placenta. In contrast, the plasma level of placenta lactogen increases progressively during pregnancy, and in parallel with this, the placenta content of mRNA for this hormone increases throughout later pregnancy. It is concluded that placental programing regulates the relative amounts of mRNA for each hormone, and this in turn determines the amounts secreted at any stage of pregnancy. Nutritional status of the mother can affect placental RNA content, most clearly established in studies on rats in which a diet low in protein or with added alcohol results in a reduced capacity to form and secrete placental lactogen. The extent of this depression parallels the reduction in placental RNA content. It is suggested that underproduction of placental lactogen may be a factor in reducing flow of nutrients from the maternal tissues to the fetus in later pregnancy, under conditions of malnutrition. PMID- 7353684 TI - Placental hormones, nutrition, and fetal development. AB - Fetal growth retardation due to maternal malnutrition is widespread especially in the Third World. Little is known about the mechanisms that regulate the growth of the fetus and placenta during protein malnutrition. It is known that the placental size and levels of circulating placental hormones such as human chorionic gonadotrophins (hCG), human placental lactogen (hPL), and estrogens are affected by the nutritional status of the mother. There is suggestive evidence that during malnutrition, hPL may increase lipolysis and exert a glucose sparing effect in the mother, thereby promoting glucose availability to the fetus. We have studied the influence of dietary protein deficiency on the binding of dexamethasone to the specific cytosol receptors in adult and fetal tissues. A low protein diet in adult male rats is associated with a decrease in dexamethasone binding to liver cytosol receptors. On the other hand, protein deprivation in pregnant female rats leads to an increase in dexamethasone binding to liver cytosol receptors of both the mother and fetus. However, the influences of maternal protein deprivation on dexamethasone receptors in the fetal liver and lungs are not similar. At 21 days gestation the binding of dexamethasone to fetal lung receptors of protein-deficient mothers is lower than that in the controls. These differences at a critical time in the fetal lung development indicate that a fall in receptors for dexamethasone may lead to impaired phospholipid synthesis in fetuses of protein-deficient mothers and point to the importance of nutritional factors in the biochemistry of fetal development. PMID- 7353685 TI - Genes, chromosomes, and reproductive failure. PMID- 7353686 TI - Pregnancy following intrauterine implantation of an embryo obtained by in vitro fertilization of a preovulatory egg. AB - A normally progressing pregnancy has been established by implanting an eight-cell embryo into the uterine cavity of an infertile woman. The embryo was obtained by in vitro fertilization of preovulatory egg aspirated at laparoscopy 28 hours after the beginning of the luteinizing hormone surge during the patient's natural menstrual cycle. Elevated levels of serum human chorionic gonadotropin and progressively increasing levels of total urinary estrogens and pregnanediol confirmed the presence of an early pregnancy. Ultrasound examination revealed an intrauterine gestational sac at 5 weeks, a 1-cm fetus with fetal heartbeat at 7 weeks, and an active, normally growing fetus at 13 and 16 weeks. Chromosome analysis at this time revealed no abnormality, and the alpha-fetoprotein level was within normal limits. The patient is due to be delivered on or about June 28. PMID- 7353687 TI - Endometrial biopsy in the evaluation of infertility. AB - One hundred and forty-nine patients presenting with infertility underwent two hundred and ten endometrial biopsies as part of a routine infertility evaluation. The initial biopsy was out of phase in 44 (29.5%), confirmed by subsequent biopsy to yield a total of 28 (19%) patients with luteal phase inadequacy. Of 44 patients taking clomiphene citrate, 13 (29.5%) had out-of-phase biopsies. Although hyperprolactinemia, recurrent miscarriages, extremes of reproductive life, and clomiphene citrate administration have been associated with an increased incidence of the defect, in this series a predisposing cause could not be detected in approximately one-half of the patients. The routinely obtained endometrial biopsy provides a safe, reproducible, and adequate means of providing histologic evidence for normal endometrial development for subsequent implantation. PMID- 7353688 TI - Artificial insemination with donor semen mixed with semen of the infertile husband. AB - Mixing an oligoasthenospermic husband's semen with that of a donor prior to insemination (AIM) has been criticized, since such semen may contain antibodies which could interfere with normal sperm function. The efficacy of AIM was reviewed in 227 patients who underwent AI with frozen donor semen. Thirty-four patients requested AIM and thirteen conceived (38.2%). Seven who failed to conceive after AIM changed to donor insemination (AID), and two conceived. One hundred and ninety-three patients had AID alone, and eighty conceived. Thus, 200 patients had AID, with 82 pregnancies (41%). There were no significant differences between the AIM and AID groups with regard to age, prior fertility, and additional infertility factors. The conception rates between groups were not significantly different. Pregnancy rates per cycle of AI and dropout rates were also similar. Postinsemination testing after AIM did not reveal any effect of husband's semen upon donor spermatozoa. This study failed to show a deleterious effect of semen from azoospermic or oligoasthenospermic, infertile men upon normal semen, as used in AIM. PMID- 7353689 TI - Minilaparotomy under local anesthesia for outpatient sterilization: a preliminary report. AB - An outpatient sterilization program was started at Silas B. Hays Hospital, Fort Ord, California, and later extended to Malcolm Grow USAF Medical Center and the Walter Reed Army Medical Center. From January 1976 to June 1978, two hundred and eight outpatient minilaparotomy Pomeroy tubal ligations were performed under local anesthesia. The minilaparotomy technique, using standard operating room equipment, is described. The average operating time was 31.8 minutes and the complication rate was 2.5%. PMID- 7353690 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase in human cervical mucus: correlation with ovulation, influence of ovarian steroid hormones, and isozyme pattern. AB - The glycolytic enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and hexokinase in cervical mucus of 96 ovulatory women were serially measured daily during the menstrual cycle. Among all of the enzymes, the cyclic changes in LDH activity were the most significant, being high during the proliferative phase, gradually decreasing to the lowest level around ovulation, and then increasing markedly again. Estrogen inhibited cervical mucus LDH activity; progestrone accelerated it. Examination of the LDH isozyme pattern showed that H-LDH (H-subunit of LDH), being predominant throughout the cycle, apparently carries some responsibility for the cyclic change in LDH activity. In a comparison of LDH activity with the serum luteinizing hormone (LH) peak, the activity level nadir of LDH usually appeared between 1 day before and 1 day after the serum LH peak, pointing to the advantage of daily measurement of cervical mucus LDH activity for predicting the potential day of conception. PMID- 7353691 TI - Detection and quantitation of the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in serum by radioimmunoassay. AB - Qualitative and quantitative radioimmunoassays (RIA) specific for the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) produced by Wampole Laboratories and Monitor Science Corporation were compared in a study involving the sera from 213 individuals. Qualitative assays from both manufacturers were found to be equivalent in clinical specificity (99.2%). However, the clinical sensitivity of the Wampole beta-Tec qualitative RIA (95.6%) was greater than that of the Monitor Science beta-CG qualitative RIA (89%) in detecting hCG in serum. In quantitative assays, the Wampole beta-Tec RIA gave serum values 1- to 10-fold higher than those obtained using the Monitor Science beta-hCG system when the same patient or control serum was assayed. Preliminary studies comparing two additional quantitative RIA kits (Serno hCG-beta and Bio-RIA hCG-beta rapid RIA) indicate that the results obtained with the quantitative Wampole and Monitor Science reagents are not peculiar to these two assay systems. Possible explanations of the cause of such aberrant results are presented. It is concluded that variable results can be expected when assaying the same serum sample with different RIA reagents for beta-hCG owing to the lack of an acceptable reference preparation for hCG that can be utilized by all commercial or private producers of such reagents. PMID- 7353692 TI - Protein A as an immunoadsorbent in radioimmunoassay: usefulness in a rapid assay for urinary luteinizing hormone. AB - A staphylococcal cell wall protein, designated protein A, is known specifically and rapidly to bind to immunoglobulin G. We have utilized this protein as an immunoadsorbent to separate antigen-antibody complexes from free antigen in a rapid 6-hour radioimmunoassay for urinary human luteinizing hormone (hLH). We have further documented the efficacy of this system and the optimal conditions for this assay. The ability of this assay to provide rapid and reliable measurements of hLH in timed urinary specimens provides a useful tool for determination of the preovulatory LH surge and prediction of the time of ovulation in women. PMID- 7353693 TI - Studies on infertility in males. AB - One hundred and fifteen infertile men were examined for circulating spermagglutinating antibodies by the Kibrick spermagglutination test; thirty three (28%) were found to have positive agglutination titers--1:32 or more in thirteen samples. This high figure may be explained by the high incidence of genital tract infection and of urinary schistosomiasis in our study group. Of the 33 men who demonstrated autoantibodies in their sera, 21 had microscopic agglutination of more than 10%. There was a positive correlation between the serum autoantibody titer and spermagglutination. Eight cases (6.9%) of sperm immobilizing antibodies were found. PMID- 7353694 TI - Use of the elaborated multiple exposure photography (MEP) method in routine sperm motility analyses and for research purposes. AB - Elaboration of the three basic components incorporated in the recently developed multiple exposure photography (MEP) method for objective sperm motility determination is described. This includes an improved version of the 10 micrometers counting chamber, modified procedures of photography, and a system for easier calculation of the results. During the last 2 years several thousands of sperm motility analyses were performed with the elaborated technique. In our institute this method has totally replaced motility evaluation by subjective estimation and has become the sole method for semen assessment performed during routine clinical work-up and research studies. This method is compared with other still-camera photographic techniques, and data about duration of performance, details of the relatively low cost of analysis, and specifications of some of its components are presented as well. PMID- 7353695 TI - Development of a reversible vas deferens occlusion device. VII. Physical and microscopic observations after long-term implantation of flexible prosthetic devices. AB - Flexible prosthetic devices developed previously to reversibly block sperm transport through the vas degerens were implanted in the vasa deferentia of dogs or kept in a semen bath for a 6-month period. Dimensional measurements, flow characteristics, leakage tests, and detent action force tests to displace the valve stem were performed with the valves. No changes occurred in any of these parameters with the exception of a decrease in the force required to change the position of the valve stem. This explains the occasional passage of spermatozoa through certain closed devices after they have been implanted for long periods of time. Histologic studies indicated that the same types of genital tract changes are associated with an implanted device as with vasectomy, and that they occur with approximately equal frequencies. Scanning electron microscope studies showed (1) excellent tissue ingrowth into the Dacron velour material of the implanted device; (2) the build-up of material, consisting in part of spermatozoa, in the device lumen and on the value stem; and (3) the absence of surface degradation of either the Silastic material or the valve stem of the device. It is concluded that no irreversible tissue damage is caused by the long-term implantation of flexible prosthetic devices into the vas deferens. PMID- 7353696 TI - A new quantitative test for sperm penetration into cervical mucus. AB - A new experimental and theoretical procedure is described for characterizing the penetration of spermatozoa into cervical mucus in vitro. Semen is introduced to a prescribed volume of mucus contained in a flat capillary tube. Use of the tube enables the surface area of semen-mucus contact to be fixed, and provides excellent visualization of sperm movement in the mucus. The time interval of semen-mucus contact is also controlled. The number of motile sperm and their swimming speeds are determined in both the semen and mucus by hemocytometer counts and simple time-exposure photomicrography. The assay provides two new measures of the sperm-mucus interaction. The number of successful sperm entries into the mucus is compared with the number of original collisions between seminal sperm and the semen-mucus interface. The comparison is expressed as a ratio of the numbers of sperm in these two groups, viz., PSC = percentage of successful collisions. The vitality of spermatozoa that do succeed in entering the mucus is assessed by comparing their swimming speeds with those of sperm in the semen. This second comparison is also expressed as a ratio, viz., VR = velocity ratio = mean swimming speed in mucus/mean swimming speed in semen. The clinical application of the method to human semen and cervical mucus is described, and sample results are presented. PMID- 7353697 TI - Experience with in vitro sperm penetration testing in infertile and fertile couples. PMID- 7353698 TI - Hormonal control of oviductal ciliary activity: effect of prostaglandins. AB - Prostaglandins have been shown to exist in the walls of the oviduct and to effect strongly oviductal muscle contractions and egg transport. Our observations, using laser light-scattering spectroscopy, indicate that the "natural" prostaglandins F2 alpha, E1, and E2 can stimulate ciliary activity in cultures of ciliated epithelium of the rabbit oviduct. These findings suggest a new alternative to explain the effect of prostaglandins on oviductal egg transport. PMID- 7353699 TI - Comparison of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in serum after injection of testosterone enanthate of testosterone cypionate. PMID- 7353700 TI - Tubal anastomosis in the New Zealand White rabbit using a circular suturing instrument. PMID- 7353701 TI - Gonadotropin surveillance following conservative surgery for ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 7353702 TI - Development of a model of human cervical mucus. PMID- 7353704 TI - The sisters' riddle and the importance of variance when guessing demographic rates from kin counts. AB - Goldman (1978) has proposed a formula derived from stable population theory for estimating growth rates from certain counts of younger and older sisters in a population. Computer microsimulation outputs show extraordinarily large statistical errors for estimation when stable population assumptions are modified to allow for random variability such as would be encountered with field work on small populations. A derivation of Goldman's formula on more interpretable lines than that in Goldman (1978) identifies a source of variance special to this particular formula so that the large statistical errors for this example need not count in general against the feasibility of estimating demographic rates from counts of kin. PMID- 7353703 TI - Parity-specific and two-sex utility models of reproductive intentions. AB - This paper uses married couples' anticipated consequences of having a (another) child to predict their reproductive intentions. Parity-specific models identify different variables as predictors of reproductive behavior at different parities but do not yield interpretable patterns of difference by parity. Parity-specific models are not significantly stronger predictors of reproductive behavior. Generally, wife-only models are distinctly superior to husband-only models. Two sex models are usually better predictors than one-sex models but not enough better to justify the additional cost. PMID- 7353705 TI - A mathematical model relating cohort and period mortality. AB - This paper presents a mathematical model for changing mortality in functional form. This model may be used to obtain cohort forces of mortality and cohort survivorship functions from a period force of mortality and a period life table under conditions of gradually changing mortality if an estimate of the amount of change in mortality is available. An example is given to show how the cohort functions are derived from the period functions. PMID- 7353706 TI - The index of overall headship: a simple measure of household complexity standardized for age and sex. AB - This paper develops and tests an age-sex standardized measure of household complexity, defined broadly as the tendency of adults (other than spouses) to head their own households or to share households. The aim is a measure of household complexity which can be computed with a minimum of demographic data, namely, data on number of households and on the population by age and sex. The procedure is similar to that of Coale for fertility measurement (Coale, 1969); it is a form of indirect standardization in which the actual number of households is related to the number that would exist if maximum age-sex-specific household headship rates were to apply. Various forms of this indirectly standardized measure show a correlation of better than 0.9 with directly standardized measures for a sample of 33 nations for which requisite data are available. The new measure promises to extend considerably the geographical and temporal range of comparable empirical measures of household complexity. PMID- 7353707 TI - Changes in the propensity to live alone: 1950-1976. AB - The growth in single-person households is a pervasive behavioral phenomenon in the United States in the post-war period. In this paper we investigate determination of the propensity to live alone, using 1970 data across states for single men and women ages 25 to 34 and for elderly widows. Income level appears to be a major determinant of the propensity to live alone. The estimated cross state equations track about three-quarters of the increase in the propensity to live alone between 1950-1976 and suggest that income growth has been the principal identified influence. Other variables found to affect (positively) the propensity to live alone include mobility, schooling level, and for young people a measure of social climate; non-whites appear to have a somewhat lower propensity to live alone. PMID- 7353708 TI - Recent nonmetropolitan population change in fifty-year perspective. AB - Post-1970 nonmetropolitan population shifts are examined by dividing nonmetropolitan counties into ten cohorts based on the duration and direction of consistent population change since 1920. Analysis indicates that the post-1970 gains reported by Beale are pervasive in nonmetropolitan America, occurring even in a majority of the counties that lost population consistently from 1920 to 1970. Growth was greatest in countries adjacent to metropolitan areas but was more than urban spillover effect. In a clear break with traditional patterns, net inmigration contributed significantly to overall population gain and was particularly strong among countries without an urban center. The rate of natural increase continued to slow in the post-1970 period, with natural decrease becoming common among countries with protracted histories of population decline. PMID- 7353709 TI - Foreign-born emigration from the United States: 1960 to 1970. AB - This paper presents estimates of emigration of foreign-born persons by age and sex for 1960 to 1970, based on 1960 and 1970 census counts of the foreign-born population, adjusted life table survival rates, and annual statistics on alien immigration published by the Immigration and Naturalization Service. The effects of nativity bias are discussed. It is estimated that approximately 1,140,000 foreign-born persons emigrated between 1960 and 1970, of which 663,000, or 58%, were women and 477,000 were men. Almost one-quarter of the foreign-born emigrants were women 25-44 years of age in 1970. About 175,000 foreign-born persons 65 years and over in 1970 emigrated during the decade. The most significant finding, that more than one million foreign-born persons left the United States between 1960 and 1970, has important implications for U.S. immigration policy and for net immigration data used to estimate the population of the United States. PMID- 7353710 TI - Estimates of U.S. multiple cause life tables. AB - Cause elimination life tables estimated from multiple cause of death data for four race/sex groups are presented for the U.S. population in 1969. These "multiple cause" life tables are then compared to cause elimination life tables where the mortality risk eliminated is that of the cause of death only in its occurrence as the underlying cause of death. An evaluation is made of the possible effects of the multiple cause data on our perception of the relative importance of the major causes of death. The reconceptualization of mortality risks made possible by the multiple cause of death data is also assessed in terms of its providing further insight into the "Taeuber paradox." PMID- 7353711 TI - Some chemical properties of rat testicular lactate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7353712 TI - Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleic acid of mouse P815 mastocytoma cells. PMID- 7353713 TI - Induction of ornithine decarboxylase-antizyme in chicken liver. PMID- 7353714 TI - Patterns of synthesis and degradation of lactate dehydrogenase during the cell cycle of Burkitt's lymphoma cells. PMID- 7353715 TI - Protein and collagen synthesis in rat diaphragm muscle incubated in vitro: the effect of alterations in tension produced by electrical or mechanical means. PMID- 7353716 TI - A comparison of the melting characteristics and base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma vivax. PMID- 7353717 TI - A sociobiological analysis of communal nesting and of male parental care in laboratory mice. PMID- 7353718 TI - The development of social structure during the primary socialization period in German shepherds. AB - The ontogeny of primary socialization in a litter of 5 German shepherd puppies was investigated using both arena tests and rearing environment (kennel) conditions. Tests for exploratory behavior, conducted at 5 1/2, 8 1/2, and 11 1/2 weeks of age, showed reversals in amount of exploration over the 6-week period. Dominance was also investigated at 5 1/2, 8 1/2, and 11 1/2 weeks, using both a bone-in-pen test and a rearing environment setting. By comparison of the subjects' dominance scores at each age for both settings, evidence was found for the separation of the development of dominance behavior into 2 kinds: competitive and social dominance. The scores for exploratory behavior (stimulus reactivity) and competitive dominance were clearly related: those pups at 5 1/2, 8 1/1, and 11 1/2 weeks that were most exploratory also ranked highest for competitive dominance. PMID- 7353719 TI - Effects of number of pre-exposures on sucrose taste aversion in weanling rats. AB - Weanling rats, 20 days old, received 0, 1, 2, 4, or 8 pre-exposures to 12% sucrose prior to a single pairing of sucrose with an intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride (LiCl; 3.0 mEq of a .15Msolution) or distilled water (20 mg/kg). Testing for sucrose taste aversion with a 2-bottle-choice procedure on 9 test trials reliably showed that increasing numbers of pre-exposures to sucrose directly attenuated taste aversion effects in the LiCl-injected groups but did not appreciably affect intake performance in the distilled water-injected groups. Comparisons between the injection conditions yielded reliable evidence for sucrose taste aversion at each pre-exposure level. These results show that flavor stimulus pre-exposures reliably attenuate subsequent taste aversion in weanling rats as had previously been reported for adult rats. PMID- 7353720 TI - Relationship between heart rate indices of the orienting response and birth weight in normal full-term newborns. AB - The results of this study indicate that birth weight in normal term infants is related to changes in heart rate in response to auditory stimulation. Only infants above the median in birth weight responded to stimulus onset and offset. They exhibited a change in response to onset from a heart rate acceleration (defensive response) on the 1st trial to heart rate deceleration (orienting response) on later trials. The response to stimulus offset was a deceleration. Those infants below the median in birth weight showed no significant responses to onset or offset. PMID- 7353721 TI - Effect of handling on positive and negative contrast effects. AB - The effects of early handling on the exhibition of positive and negative contrast effects were investigated. Over two 4-day testing sessions, animals were given alternating 1-min access periods to 2 bottles containing either 32 or 4% sucrose solutions. Measures of lick rate and latency to switch bottles revealed that both handled and nonhandled animals exhibited contrast effects of equal magnitudes. The results did not support an emotional interpretation of contrast effects but were interpreted as support for the perceptual theory of this phenomenon. PMID- 7353722 TI - Role of the nursing order in social development of mountain lion kittens. PMID- 7353723 TI - Pavlovian excitation, internal inhibition, and their interaction with free operant avoidance as a function of age in rats. AB - The central hypothesis was that, in young as compared with adult rats. Pavlovian excitation is weaker and extinguishes more slowly, whereas internal inhibition is weaker but extinguishes more rapidly. In Experiment I, the suitability of free operant (Sidman) avoidance as a baseline for measuring Pavlovian effects was assessed in 5 age groups between 19 and 98 days of age trained in a shuttle box. Although clear age-related increases were evident in avoidance capacity, efficient "high criterion" avoiders were found in all age groups, indicating that the response was suitable. In Experiment II, groups of 26-, 38-, and 95-day-old rats first received Pavlovian aversive excitatory and differential inhibitory conditioning, or the conditional stimuli and shock randomly, or no treatment. Three days later they received free avoidance training. Prior Pavlovian conditioning facilitated subsequent avoidance learning in young subjects, but depressed it in adults. Among "high criterion" avoiders, such effects were absent. Following the avoidance training phase, 3 age groups of matched "high criterion" avoiders received conditioned stimuli superimposed on the baseline (a conditioning test). These results confirmed the central hypothesis. PMID- 7353724 TI - Paradoxical effects of d-amphetamine upon seizure susceptibility in 2 selectively bred lines of mice. AB - The ontogeny and substrates of amphetamine-induced changes in flurothyl-induced myoclonic and clonic seizure thresholds were investigated in 2 selectively bred lines of mice. The long-sleep mice exhibited dose-dependent increases in myoclonic and clonic susceptibility following amphetamine, irrespective of age. The noradrenergic agonist clonidine and the dopaminergic agonist apomorphine produced increases in susceptibility comparable to those seen with amphetamine. The short-sleep mice, however, exhibited a dichotomous myoclonic response to amphetamine that was age-dependent. Between 15 and 35 days of age amphetamine decreased seizure susceptibility whereas increases in susceptibility were noted at later ages. With the exception of 80 days, amphetamine did not affect clonic thresholds. In respect to myoclonus, clonidine persisted in producing effects similar to those seen in the long-sleep mice whereas apomorphine exhibited the same ontogenetic alteration in effect seen with amphetamine. These results confirm that the short-sleep mice might be a naturally occurring animal model of preadolescent hyperkinesis. Furthermore, the neuropharmacological tests demonstrate that the paradoxical response to amphetamine in the young short-sleep mice is mediated via a dopaminergic mechanism that must undergo dramatic change during ontogeny. PMID- 7353725 TI - Infant responsiveness to maternal cues in mice of 2 inbred lines. AB - The present study examined the responsiveness of 19- and 20-day-old C57BL/6J (C) and A/J (A) mouse pups to maternal cues. The C pups were found to spend more time near their C or A foster mother than they did near a virgin female. The A pups showed no such preference. Attempts to increase the motivation of A pups to approach the mother did not produce any preference for maternal cues, However, when the bedding on which odorous substances had been permitted to accumulate for an extended period of time was used as choice stimuli, pups of both lines showed a preference for the bedding of the mother as opposed to that of a virgin female. These results support findings with other rodents of a change in the female's odor during lactation which increases her attractiveness to her pups; and they demonstrate a genetic difference between pups of 2 inbred strains in their approach to maternal cues. PMID- 7353726 TI - Acquisition and retention of multidirectional escape behavior in preweanling rats. AB - The shock-escape behavior of preweanling rats in a multidirectional escape situation was examined in 3 experiments. In Experiment I, 5-, 7-, 9-, and 11-day old rats were given shock-escape training on each of 3 days. Rats younger than 7 days of age did not improve escape responding within or over sessions. Animals 7 days of age and older, however, showed both an intrasession improvement and an intersession improvement that could not be attributed solely to maturation. In Experiment II, the escape behavior of 3-, 5-, and 7-day-old was examined in an apparatus modified to take into account the poor locomotor abilities of these animals. They were given escape training on 3 successive days. Again; no within session improvement was found in rats under 7 days of age. However, an intersession improvement was found in rats whose training began at 5 days of age. This improvement was due to maturation and did not reflect a cumulative effect of training. Experiment III, like Experiment I, demonstrated that the intersession improvement in the older rats was not simply a maturation effect. It also demonstrated that the improvement could not be attributed to the stress of prior handling, shock, or body temperature loss, but was, rather, a retention effect. These results support the contention that the emergence of memory is task specific. PMID- 7353727 TI - Racial differences in juvenile-type diabetes are consistent with more than one mode of inheritance. AB - The ratio of the prevalences of insulin-dependent type (juvenile) diabetes (IDDM) in blacks and Caucasians is examined. It has been argued that this ratio is of the same order as the estimated proportion of Caucasian genes in the American black population. It has been further argued that this observation, together with an assumption of equal penetrances in the two races, is consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance for IDDM. The present paper shows that the ratio is equally compatible with a three-allele model which, moreover, incorporates observed immunogenetic heterogeneity within IDDM. This three-allele heterogeneity model exhibits some features of both dominant and recessive inheritance. The model predicts that, compared with Caucasians, there will be less pancreatic autoimmunity in the black IDDM population and lower recurrence risks to relatives of black diabetics. These predictions can be tested in future studies. PMID- 7353728 TI - Diabetes and cell growth--lack of differences in growth characteristics of fibroblasts from diabetic and nondiabetic Pima Indians. PMID- 7353729 TI - Cryopreservation of human fetal pancreas. AB - To determine the optimal conditions for successful cryopreservation of the human fetal pancreas, techniques developed for the rat organ were modified. The parameters studied were the conditions of exposure to the cryopreservation agent dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), the rate of cooling and thawing, and the effect of in vitro culture. A total of 33 pancreases, obtained after fetal death due to prostaglandin-induced abortion, was studied. Survival of the pancreas is based on incorporation of 3H-amino acids into protein by pancreas pieces (2 mm3) during a 4-h incubation compared with nonfrozen control pieces from the same pancreas. Toxicity of DMSO at 37 degrees C was found to be severe after a 4-h exposure. Varying the effects of temperature, time of exposure, and concentrations of DMSO on survival after freeze-thaw revealed that 1.5 M DMSO for 1 h at room temperature was optimal. The cooling rate was 0.22 degrees C/min and thawing was at room temperature. Since these conditions resulted in only 50% survival, a period of culture before exposure to DMSO was added. The optimal duration of culture was 12--16 h. Using this method with addition of culture for 24 h after thawing, survival has varied from 70 to 120% of control. If a functional test for growth and insulin production by the frozen-thawed pancreas is positive, permanent shortage of the human fetal pancreas will be possible. PMID- 7353730 TI - Extensive small bowel resection in the rat: lack of effect on serum proteins. AB - Rats were subjected to serial venesections 3 days prior to and then sequentially for 4 weeks after surgical removal of either the proximal or distal half of the small bowel. Total serum protein concentration and protein electrophoretic patterns were determined on these sera. Both sham-operated and unoperated animals served as controls. The data showed differences in serum proteins in the first week after operation between the three groups of operated rats and the unoperated controls. However, there were no significant differences in serum proteins between the sham-operated and the two types of resected animals. This indicates that the combined effects of laparotomy, anesthesia, pre- and postoperative fasting outweighed any additional early effects of loss of 50% small bowel on serum proteins. The study also demonstrates the necessity of having both unoperated and sham-operated control groups in designing experiments involving surgical extirpation of intestine. PMID- 7353731 TI - Haemoperfusion through activated charcoal in dogs with fulminant liver failure. AB - The effects of 8-hour haemoperfusion through an activated charcoal column on fulminant hepatic failure were assessed in 10 dogs. The survival in the perfused animals was significantly prolonged and the onset of liver encephalopathy was markedly delayed compared to the controls. Significant decrease in plasma bilirubin and total plasma phenols was found in the perfused group. No other laboratory changes due to heemoperfusion were found. The charcoal column retained its adsorptive capability throughout the experiment as judged from phenol clearance values. In spite of current scepticism regarding its clinical use, further trials with haemoperfusion in acute liver failure seem to be warranted. PMID- 7353732 TI - A simple non-radioactive method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of stomach empyting and intestinal propulsion in the intact conscious rat. AB - A simple non-radioactive method for the simultaneous assessment of stomach emptying and intestinal propulsion in intact fasted conscious rats was developed employing Amberlite pellets. The Amberlite pellets were administered by gastric gavage and the rats were killed 20 or 120 min later. The number and percent of the pellets in the stomach and intestines and the distance travelled by each pellet in the small intestine were determined. The distance travelled by the leading pellet in the small intestine was employed as a parameter to determine effects on intestinal propulsion independent of the stomach emptying activity. Chlorisondamine (s.c.), atropine (s.c.), pentobarbital (i.p.) and sesame seed oil (p.o.) inhibited both stomach emptying and intestinal propulsion in a dose related manner. All these agents also caused a dose-related displacement of the pellets in the small intestine which resulted in a more cephalad-oriented distribution of the pellets. Propantheline (s.c.) exerted a dose-related inhibition on the stomach emptying but not on intestinal propulsion. Carbachol (s.c.) increased both the rate of stomach emptying and that of propulsion in the small intestine. PMID- 7353733 TI - Notion of time factor in calcium absorption. Influence of sex, intestinal site and L-xylose in the mature rat. AB - The unidirectional influx of Ca (measured by in vitro methods) was similar along the intestine of the adult rat, from Treitz ligament to ileo-daecal valve. In in vivo ligated loop experiments, the rate of Ca absorption was similar during 30 min irrespective of site, sex and the presence of L-xylose in the Ca solution. On the contrary, these factors modified the quantity of Ca absorbed. After 30 min, absorption stopped in the male ileum whereas it continued (1) in the male jejunum; (2) in the ileum of the female, and (3) in the male ileum in the presence of xylose (absorption being proportional to xylose concentration). Thus, in the adult rat, the duration rather than the rate is the decisive factor in Ca uptake. PMID- 7353734 TI - Interest of a combined antisecretory treatment, cimetidine and pirenzepin, in the management of severe forms of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. AB - Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by the combined use of cimetidine and pirenzepin has been studied in 5 cases of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. In 4 acute cases i.v. cimetidine and i.m. pirenzepin were administered together as a treatment and were successful in 3 out of the 4 cases as judged by the disappearance of clinical symptoms and healing of the gastroduodenal and jejunal mucosal ulcerations. Secretory measurements indicated that addition of pirenzepin to cimetidine resulted in larger and more prolonged inhibition of acid secretion in these patients. The continuous record of intragastric pH in the 5th patient, over 24-hour periods, confirmed the above findings. Despite the use of large doses of pirenzepin, no significant side effects were noticed. PMID- 7353735 TI - Cholecystokinin and human intestinal permeability. AB - The effect of intravenous cholecystokinin (CCK) on intestinal permeability in normal subjects and patients after cholecystectomy has been studied by measuring the fraction of orally administered lactulose excreted in the urine. CCK induced a marked increase in lactulose excretion in normal subjects when given in a hyperosmolar solution (49.4 mg lactulose during 5 h rising to 114.3 mg with CCK, p less than 0.001). CCK failed to affect lactulose excretion when given to normal subjects in an isosmolar solution, and also when given to post-cholecystectomy patients in either hyper- or isosmolar solutions. The 'CCK effect' is therefore related to gallbladder emptying. It is suggested that conjugated bile acids released following gallbladder contraction can affect intestinal permeability by enhancing the action of hypertonic solutions on the small intestinal mucosa. PMID- 7353736 TI - Emphasis for the 80s. PMID- 7353737 TI - An information system for department managers. PMID- 7353738 TI - Modelling a hospital entrance system. PMID- 7353739 TI - A husband's consent to his wife's abortion. PMID- 7353740 TI - Hospital turns waste into energy. PMID- 7353741 TI - Energy conservation for health care. PMID- 7353742 TI - Is there an energy crisis? PMID- 7353743 TI - Hints on conserving energy in your hospital. PMID- 7353744 TI - Cold water laundering in hospitals and nursing homes. PMID- 7353745 TI - Energy management in New Brunswick hospitals. PMID- 7353746 TI - Low cost effective rehabilitation for drug dependent persons. PMID- 7353747 TI - An electronic hospital security system. PMID- 7353748 TI - Triangular hospital reduces austerity. PMID- 7353749 TI - Hospital expansion on two sites. PMID- 7353750 TI - Bed utilization index after five days. PMID- 7353751 TI - Rewarding hospital volunteers. PMID- 7353752 TI - Successful use of bromocriptine in the treatment of chronic hepatic encephalopathy. AB - Six patients with cirrhosis and severe chronic hepatic encephalopathy were treated with bromocriptine. All showed significant overall improvement clinically and in 3, the electroencephalogram became normal. The cerebral blood flow increased significantly from 32.7 +/- 2.4 (mean +/- 1 SE) to 40.5 +/- 1.5 ml/100 g brain/min (P less than 0.05). Similarly, there were significant improvements in the cerebral oxygen consumption from 2.2 +/- 0.4 to 3.3 +/- 0.4 ml/100 g brain/min (P less than 0.02) and in cerebral glucose consumption from 2.1 +/- 0.6 to 6.6 +/- 1.6 mg/100 g brain/min (P less than 0.02). Cross-over to placebo produced overall deterioration, more marked in the patients who had received the active drug for the shorter time period. No serious side effects were seen; the drug was well tolerated in doses of up to 15 mg daily and is a useful treatment for chronic hepatic encephalopathy when the response to conventional therapy has been poor. PMID- 7353753 TI - Developmental pattern of bile acid metabolism as revealed by bile acid analysis of meconium. AB - The developmental metabolism of bile acids can be partly studied by the analysis of bile acid patterns in meconium. Employing modern analytical techniques, it has been found that besides the main bile acids of humans (cholic, chenodexoycholic, deoxycholic, and lithocholic acids) several "atypical" bile acids occur in meconium. It is unlikely that these "atypical+ bile acids are derived from materno--fetal transfer, and they therefore probably reflect a special fetal bile acid metabolism. Hydroxylations at positions 1 and 6 of the steroid skeleton are regularly encountered. These hydroxylations, as well as the occurrence of 3 beta hydroxy-delta 5 compounds and of bile acids of the 5 alpha series, suggest that fetal bile acid synthesis differs markedly from that of the adult. These observations are of interest in relation to the origin of unusual bile acids found in the cholestatic condition of the adult. It appears that a resurgence of the fetal biosynthetic patterns takes place under the conditions of cholestatic liver disease. PMID- 7353754 TI - Gallstones in Western Japan. Factors affecting the prevalence of intrahepatic gallstones. AB - In a study from 40 hospitals in Western Japan between 1975 and 1978, intrahepatic gallstones were identified at the first biliary tract operation in 106 patients (a 3.03% prevalence). These were predominantly bilirubin stones. The occurrence rate for patients with intrahepatic stones was the same as for patients with bilirubin stones solely in the common bile duct suggesting the pathogenetic similarity of these two conditions. The prevalence of intrahepatic stones was 1.5% at urban and 4.97% at rural hospitals (P less than 0.005). Rural patients were significantly older than urban patients (P less than 0.005), but both groups showed an increasing prevalence with age. However, patients with intrahepatic stones were younger than those with bilirubin stones solely in the common bile duct, reflecting the increase likelihood that stones obstructing the biliary tree in this location would cause hepatic damage, pain, and, fever or the possibility that congenital anomalies of the bile ducts migt lead to stone formation at an earlier age. Among the 106 patients, only 12% had stones in the intrahepatic ducts alone. The majority of patients with both bilirubin and cholesterol intrahepatic stones had stones throughout the biliary tree simultaneously. The decreasing prevalence of bilirubin stones in Japan may be related to multiple factors including eradication of parasites and westernization of the diet. PMID- 7353755 TI - Effect of an intravenous infusion of ethanol on serum enzymes and lipids in patients with alcoholic liver disease. AB - Administration of ethanol to healthy subjects as well as those with alcoholic fatty livers has been noted to cause mild elevation of serum enzyme activities and alcoholic hyperlipemia. To see whether this effect is also manifested in alcoholics with advanced liver damage, the serum enzyme activities and lipid content after administration of i.v. ethanol (1.2 g/kg of body wt) over 90 min were compared in 5 alcoholics with hepatic fibrosis and/or alcoholic fatty liver and in 9 patients with alcoholic hepatitis with or without cirrhosis. Disappearance rate of ethanol from the serum was nearly the same in both groups. Serum activities of asparate aminotransferase, mitochondrial isoenzyme of asparate aminotransferase, and ornithine carbamyl transferase, measured at 9 and 12 hr after termination of the i.v. ethanol, were significantly elevated in alcoholics with alcoholic hepatitis (P less than 0.05). They were not elevated in alcoholics with fatty liver. By contrast, hyperlipemic responses, measured as the serum content of triacylglycerol 3 hr after ethanol were significantly greater in alcoholics with fatty liver than in alcoholics with alcoholic hepatitis (P less than 0.05). The observed difference in responses of serum enzyme activities and lipid content after ethanol represents an enhanced susceptibility of patients with alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis towards alcohol-induced injury. PMID- 7353756 TI - Contribution of biliary lipids to calcium binding in bile. AB - As part of a detailed study into the solubility of calcium in bile, the contribution of the biliary lipids, bile salt, lecithin, and cholesterole to calcium binding in bile has been assessed. Micellar binding could account for 80% of the calcium binding in hepatic bile but only 50% in gallbladder bile. It is suggested that such binding, in soluble form, lowers the activity of calcium in bile, and therefore its liability to precipitation as gallstone nuclei. PMID- 7353757 TI - Idiopathic hemochromatosis: a study of biochemical expression in 247 heterozygous members of 63 families: evidence for a single major HLA-linked gene. AB - The hypothesis has been advanced that the two genes on chromosome 6 determining idiopathic hemochromatosis are not identical alleles and therefore that the disease is not recessively inherited, but rather that two different genes are involved. A study of 63 families points to: (a) the rarity with which a single hemochromatosis gene finds biochemical expression (in only 1 of 5 cases), as revealed through determinations of serum iron, serum ferritin and the desferrioxamine test; (b) no difference in HLA-antigen marking between genes with and those without biochemical expression: (c) no difference other than that produced by chance in the biochemical expression of the two genes in families; and (d) the finding in one highly informative family of identical expression of the two genes. It is concluded that idiopathic hemochromatosis is determined by two homologous alleles in accordance with the classical mode of recessive inheritance. PMID- 7353758 TI - Can endogenous gastrin inhibit canine interdigestive gastric motility? AB - Our aim was to determine whether endogenously released gastrin inhibits cyclic interdigestive motility in the proximal stomach. In 4 dogs with chronic duodenal electrodes and isolated innervated antral pouches, we constructed proximal gastric pouches, the external neural connections of which were completely severed by autotransplanting the pouches to the left pelvis. After recovery, the antral pouch was irrigated with 0.2% acetylcholine for 3.7 hr at 90 ml/hr, while intraluminal pressure was monitored in the proximal gastric pouch and myoelectric activity was recorded from the duodenum. Blood was collected concurrently for radioimmunoassay of gastrin. The antral irrigations increased serum gastrin from a mean +/- SEM of 85 +/- 14 pg/ml before irrigation to a mean +/- SEM of 350 +/- 54 pg/ml after 30 min of irrigation (P less than 0.001), and the increased levels continued throughout the remaining 3.2 hr of irrigation. The irrigations also suppressed the cycles of interdigestive motor activity in the proximal gastric pouch and the cycles of interdigestive myoelectric activity in the duodenum. The cycles had a mean duration +/- SEM of 105 +/- 5 min before irrigation in both the proximal gastric pouch and duodenum, but were abolished in every test during irrigation. Irrigation inhibited the cycles even when cimetidine was given intravenously at 200 mg/hr to block gastrin-stimulated secretion of HCl, duodenal acidification, and subsequent release of duodenal hormones. However, cimetidine alone had no effect on the interdigestive cycles. We concluded that antral irrigation with acetylcholine inhibited interdigestive cyclic motility in the proximal stomach via a hormonal mechanism and that gastrin was likely the hormone involved. PMID- 7353759 TI - Effect of VIP infusion in water and ion transport in the human jejunum. AB - Infusion of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is known to cause intestinal secretion in animal models. The present study was designed to answer the question whether VIP has a similar effect on the human intestine. Pure porcine VIP was administered by constant i.v. infusion to healthy subjects while their jejunum was perfused with a plasma-like electrolyte solution. At the lowest VIP infusion rate (100 pmol/kg/hr), plasma VIP levels rose two- to four-fold, and there was an increase in the transmucosal potential difference but no change in sodium chloride absorption. At higher VIP infusion rates (200 and 400 pmol/kg/hr), VIP plasma concentrations rose to levels commonly observed in patients with pancreatic cholera syndrome. At these levels VIP caused a dose-dependent decrease of water and sodium absorption. Chloride absorption changed to secretion, while bicarbonate movement remained completely unaffected. Chloride secretion was active, since it occurred against an electrical and chemical gradient. All changes induced by VIP were reversible after discontinuance of VIP infusion. Our observations suggest that elevated levels of circulating VIP are capable of affecting water and ion movement in the human jejunum. They lend support to the hypothesis that high levels of circulating VIP may be a mediator of secretory diarrhea in some patients with pancreatic cholera syndrome. PMID- 7353760 TI - Natural killer activity of human lymphocytes against colon cancer cells. AB - A human colon cancer cell line, HCT-8, is shown to be an appropriate target cell for study of natural killer (NK) activity in man. In parallel experiments, effector cell characteristics for NK and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were found to be vested in a single lymphocyte subpopulation, which bore receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG, but lacked other surface receptors. The effector cell failed to adhere to glass and was inactivated by exposure to 3500 rad x-irradiation. Cells forming rosettes with SRBC and cells bearing receptors for complement were inactive in both systems. A wide distribution of NK activity was noted among individuals that correlated with the distribution of effector cell activity in ADCC (r = 0.8). Preincubation of NK effector cells with antibody coated ADCC target cells markedly reduced NK activity. Neuraminidase treatment of effector cells led to increased NK and diminished ADCC, while trypsin treatment led to reduced NK activity and showed no effect on ADCC. Thus, NK and ADCC effector cells are highly overlapping if not identical populations, but different structures on the cell membrane may mediate the two activities. PMID- 7353761 TI - Antibiotics and ERCP: in vitro activity of aminoglycosides when added to iodinated contrast agents. PMID- 7353762 TI - Pathogenesis of diabetic gastroparesis: a pharmacologic study. AB - The motor function of the antrum was studied in 7 normal subjects, 4 patients with diabetes without GI symptoms, and 7 patients with diabetic gastroparesis. Both the number of antral contractions and the cumulative antral activity (percent of time during which the antrum contracted) in patients with diabetic gastroparesis were significantly lower than in normal subjects and diabetic patients without gastroparesis (P less than 0.01). Interdigestive motor complexes were observed in all normal subjects, but they were not present in any patients with diabetic gastroparesis. Intravenous metoclopramide did not affect the rate of antral contractions (P less than 0.1), but it increased the cumulative antral activity (P less than 0.001) in normal subjects and diabetics without gastroparesis. Metoclopramide, however, did not alter the rate of antral contractions (P less than 0.09) or the total cumulative antral activity (P less than 0.09) in diabetic patients with gastroparesis. Furthermore, in normal subjects, the action of metoclopramide was blocked by atropine sulfate (P less than 0.003). Bethanechol caused a slight increase in the number of antral contractions (P less than 0.05) and cumulative antral activity (P less than 0.01) in normal subjects. This cholinergic drug caused a marked increase in the rate of antral contractions and the cumulative antral activity in diabetic patients with gastroparesis. Antral contractions and cumulative antral activity were restored by bethanechol to normal values. These findings suggest a variable degree of gastric neuropathy in individual patients with diabetic gastroparesis with functionally intact antral muscles as assessed by their pharmacologic response to cholinergic stimulation. PMID- 7353763 TI - Acid inhibition of sham feeding-stimulated gastrin release and gastric acid secretion: effect of atropine. AB - The effect of intraluminal pH on the gastrin response to sham feeding was studied in healthy subjects. Before, during, and after sham feeding, an acidified solution of saline (at either pH 5.0 or 2.5) was infused into the stomach continuously and intragastric pH was maintained at either 5.0 or 2.5 by in vivo intragastric titration. When intragastric pH was maintained at 5.0, vagal stimulation induced by sham feeding released statistically significant amounts of gastrin. Acidification to pH 2.5 abolished the gastrin response and also inhibited by approximately 50% the acid secretory response to sham feeding. A small dose of atropine (2.3 micrograms/kg) prevented the inhibition of gastrin release which had occurred at pH 2.5. Moreover, in the presence of atropine, acidification to pH 2.5 did not inhibit acid secretion stimulated by sham feeding. These findings suggest that acid inhibition of sham feeding-stimulated gastrin release and gastric acid secretion is mediated by an atropine-sensitive pathway. PMID- 7353764 TI - Giant cell arteritis and Crohn's disease: an unreported association. AB - This report describes a 16-yr-old patient with coexistant Crohn's disease and giant cell arteritis. The unusual features of the case include presence of giant cell arteritis of temporal arteritis type in the bowel wall, the young age of the patient, and the previously unreported association of these two pathologic processes. PMID- 7353765 TI - Wilson's disease: diagnostic difficulties in the patient with chronic hepatitis and hypoceruloplasminemia. AB - Wilson's disease presents as a classical hereditary syndrome of clinical and biochemical abnormalities. Life-long treatment with copper-chelating agents may dramatically alter the subsequent course and outcome. Hence, considerable attention has been drawn to early recognition and treatment. Since the presentation of Wilson's disease may simulate chronic active hepatitis of unknown etiology, it has been emphasized that the diagnosis of the genetic disorder should be suspected and excluded in this clinical setting. In this report we describe the difficulties encountered in the evaluation of a patient with non Wilsonian chronic active hepatitis and low serum ceruloplasmin levels. This case illustrates that the distinction between the Wilson's disease homozygote and the hypoceruloplasminemic patient with idiopathic chronic active hepatitis may be difficult to establish and requires a critical evaluation of data to avoid diagnostic pitfalls. PMID- 7353766 TI - Hemolytic jaundice and gallstones. PMID- 7353767 TI - Physiologic cholestasis. PMID- 7353768 TI - The study of gastric stasis: static no longer. PMID- 7353769 TI - [Complications in 1,092 radical abdominal hysterectomies with pelvic lymphadenectomies (author's transl)]. AB - 1,092 patients were operated for carcinoma of the uterine cervix according to a standardized radical abdominal hysterectomy with obligatory pelvic lymphadenectomy. The operative specimen showed metastases of the lymph nodes in 45,6% of the cases. In 15% of the cases embolization of tumor cells was found. In 8.7% of the specimes micro-metastases were seen and in 21.9% gross metastases were found. Postoperatively 1.5% of the cases developed bleeding. Ileus occured in 0.7% of the cases. A vesicovaginal fistula occurred in 0.3% of the patients. 1.4% of the patients developed a uretero-vaginal fistula. The operative mortality up to the 30th post-operative day was 1%. PMID- 7353770 TI - [Residual ovary syndrome--significance of medical therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Today, hysterectomy internationally is nearly as frequent as appendectomy. In approx. 1% of all hysterectomies (vaginal or abdominal) where one or both ovaries are left, the residual ovary syndrome is found after an average period of slightly over five years. Predominant symptoms are diffused abdominal pain and palpable tumour of the adnexae. More rarely, only one symptom alone is found. Up to today, treatment of choice has been an operation which, due to the always present adhesions, is a severe one. The results described in this paper suggest the probatory treatment with high-dosage dept-gestagens (Depo-Provera). In 71% of the cases the tumour disappeared completely under this treatment and in 39% the pain. In further 21% a diminution of the tumour could be seen and in 41% an improvement of the pain. Only in 8% did the tumour and in 20% the pain not respond. There was no case where there was a deterioration. The proposed therapy is cheaper and less dangerous than the usual surgical treatment and therefore should always be performed probatorily before an operation. PMID- 7353771 TI - [The incidence of laparotomy for diseases of the adnexa following hysterectomy (residual ovary syndrome) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7353772 TI - [The significance of the nipple in carcinoma of the female breast (author's transl)]. AB - In 1,000 specimens of mastectomy with microscopically proven carcinoma of the breast, cancer was found in the nipple in approximately every fifth case. Extension of the carcinoma into the nipple is more frequent in the higher age group of women. Extension into the nipple is more common with larger tumor size. The microscopic growth pattern of the carcinoma has an influence on the presence of tumor in the nipple whereas the microscopic grading for malignancy according to WHO has no clear cut correlation to tumor in the nipple. The frequency of extension of carcinoma of the breast in the nipple in our series and in most series in the literature is in our opinion a contra-indication to conservative types of operation. PMID- 7353773 TI - [The problem of documentation and quality control in operative gynaecology (author's transl)]. AB - A documentation system by punch card, key and program system was developed at the University Department for Women in Tubingen and used for operative gynaecology. From each patient 12 quantitative and 19 qualitative parameters were coded. Included in the code were the diagnosis or several diagnoses, the operation or several operations, previous operation or previous operations, risk factors, complications during the operation and following the operation and data on the anesthesia. 1,700 procedures with opening of the peritoneum were reviewed retrospectively. From these data 499 vaginal hysterectomies with anterior and posterior colporrhaphy and with/or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were selected as well as 249 abdominal hysterectomies with Marshall Marchetti operation in the Tubingen modification with/or without bilateral salpingo oophorectomy and with/or without colporhaphy. These two groups were compared regarding important parameters. It was confirmed that the morbidity in vaginal hysterectomy was much higher than in abdominal hysterectomy. PMID- 7353774 TI - [Stability of the population as an expression of human rationality (author's transl)]. AB - A prominent feature of a stable population is the stability of the age structure. The present investigation demonstrates that in the Federal Republic of Germany age distribution of youth, working population and old age pensioners remained stable during the last hundred years despite fluctations in the birth rate, death rate, and life expectancy. It can be concluded that an increasing life expectancy must lead to overpopulation which will in turn reduce the birth rate and slow down human reproduction. PMID- 7353775 TI - [Relevance of CEA in benign breast disease (author's transl)]. AB - Serum CEA-concentrations were measured in patients with various benign breast tumors; in addition, CEA levels were determined in the fluid of mammary cysts present. Patients with proliferating mastopathia with and without atypia had CEA values exceeding 25 ng/ml in the cystic fluid (= 46). No significant correlation existed between serum and cystic fluid concentrations. CEA determination allows for a differentiation between simple and proliferating mastopathias. PMID- 7353776 TI - [Pulmonary edema during tocolytic treatment (author's transl)]. AB - During tocolytic treatment with Beta 2-Sympathomimetic drugs pulmonary edema is occasionally observed. The cause remains uncertain. Within 48 hours after the onset of treatment marked water retention is observed. The weight increases, the hemoglobin decreases the hematocrit decreases, the albumin concentration decreases, the water and sodium excretion decreases. The pathogenesis is discussed and recommendations for the management are proposed. Water retention due to tocolytic treatment in addition to the physiologic water retention of pregnancy or in addition to pre-eclampsia cortisone treatment, renal insufficiency, or treatment with intravenous infusions may lead to a hypervolemia which can no longer be compensated by diuresis and therefore can lead to pulmonary edema. A list of 10 groups of patient with a high risk is described. These require thorough observation following tocolytic treatment. PMID- 7353777 TI - [The treatment of female stress incontinence of urine combined with uterine and vaginal prolapse by vaginal hysterectomy, anterior and posterior colporrhaphy in 1,003 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The type and intensity of pre-operative symptoms and the long term follow-up in 1,003 vaginal hysterectomies with anterior and posterior colporrhaphies are reported. The operative technique corresponds to that of the school of Vienna with emphasis on plication of the urethra with joining of the ischio-carverrosus muscles below the urethra. The pre-operative symptoms disappeared in almost all cases. Constipation and backache improved. Early complications were treated and remained without sequelae. Our method of treatment showed good results and cures the social handicap of stress incontinence. In addition a good prophylaxis against unterine cancer and excellent permanent contraception is provided. PMID- 7353778 TI - [Prolactin in serum and anamnestic data of women with cystic disease of the breast (author's transl)]. AB - 78 women with cysts of the mammary gland--proved by aspiration of cystic fluid- had significantly more hyperprolactinaemia than 42 control-persons. Hyperprolactinaemia was twice as frequently found in 46 women with microscopic cystic disease--proved histological in biopsies--than in control-persons. On the average there was a moderate elevation of prolactin. Individual prolactin-levels were up to four or five times higher than normal. The comparison between prolactin and gynecologic data and anamnestic known endocrine and metabolic lesions was without significance. There was no relation between use of prolactin stimulating drugs (psychopharmacas a.o.) and cystic disease of the breast. Patients with cystic disease used significantly less oral contraceptiva and more estrogens than control-persons. There was no familiar-genetic disposition significant. Our results show prolactin as an etiologic factor of (gross-) cystic breast disease. PMID- 7353779 TI - [The serum levels of estradiol-17 beta and progesterone following hyper stimulation of the ovaries by clomiphen]. AB - The serum levels of estradiol-17 beta and progesterone in a cycle which was hyperstimulated by Clomiphen are reported. The pre-ovulatory maximum of estradiol 17-beta was 3,240 pg/ml, the maximum during the luteal phase was 2,930 pg/ml. The increase of progesterone to 54.8 ng/ml during the luteal phase was an indication of multiple ovulation. Bilateral ovarian enlargement was palpated. At the same dosage in the following menstrual cycle the maximum pre-ovulatory estradiol-17 beta was 962 pg/ml and the maximum progesterone in the luteal phase was 9.1 ng/ml. During this second cycle the ovaries were not palpably enlarged. It is concluded that sensitivity of the ovaries to hyper-stimulation by Clomiphen may vary from menstrual cycle to menstrual cycle. A single hyperstimulation does not necessarily indicate further hyperstimulation in subsequent cycles. PMID- 7353780 TI - The demonstration of neurophysin and arginine vasotocin by immunocytochemical methods in the brain and pituitary gland of the platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus. PMID- 7353781 TI - Seasonal changes in the concentrations of plasma luteinizing hormone and testosterone in willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus lagopus) with observations on the effects of permanent short days. PMID- 7353783 TI - Functional nasal salt glands in adrenalectomized domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). PMID- 7353782 TI - Serum gonadotropin and steroids associated with breeding activities in the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas. II. mating and nesting in natural populations. PMID- 7353784 TI - Aldosterone effects on electrolyte transport of the lower intestine (coprodeum and colon) of the fowl (Gallus domesticus) in vitro. PMID- 7353785 TI - Further evidence for a prolactin-stimulating neurohormone in reptiles. PMID- 7353787 TI - Effect of synthetic salmon calcitonin and low ambient calcium on plasma calcium, ultimobranchial cells, Stannius bodies, and prolactin cells in the teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus. PMID- 7353786 TI - Alterations in spermatogenic activity and hormonal status in a seasonally breeding rat, Rattus fuscipes. PMID- 7353788 TI - [Genetic variability of colonies of noninbred Cubavet and CENIC laboratory mice from the Republic of Cuba]. AB - Genetic structure of non-inbred Cubavet and CENIC mice colonies was investigated for three loci of hair colouring (A, B, D), for potential fertility and embryo mortality. Mice colonies are polymorphis in three hair colour determining loci. Alleles rates are: a -- 0.17--0.36; b -- 0.21--0.26; d -- 0.07--0.17. Both colonies reliably differ in colour genotype distribution (p less than 0.001). There are also some differences in the number of live embryos, yellow bodies and postimplantation mortality (p less than 0.05--0.001). The data obtained allow to control the stability of genetic structure of the population for a long time. PMID- 7353789 TI - [Teaching of genetics in medical colleges]. PMID- 7353790 TI - The pluses and minuses of exercise testing. PMID- 7353791 TI - Cardiac therapy of elderly diabetics reconsidered. PMID- 7353792 TI - Risk and prevention of sudden death in coronary artery disease. PMID- 7353793 TI - UTI in the elderly: how to select treatment. PMID- 7353795 TI - On the value of preoperative intracavital irradiation in carcinoma of the uterus. PMID- 7353794 TI - Tuberculosis in the elderly: treating the "white plague". PMID- 7353796 TI - Dedifferentiation of endolymphatic stromal myosis to poorly differentiated uterine stromal sarcoma. PMID- 7353797 TI - Lethal peritonitis following internal small bowel herniation and infarction after use of a simplified stapler colostomy technique. PMID- 7353798 TI - Stage III adenocarcinoma of the endometrium: two prognostic groups. PMID- 7353799 TI - Multiple primary neoplasms of the upper female genital tract. PMID- 7353800 TI - Radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. PMID- 7353801 TI - The immunostatus of untreated cervical carcinoma. PMID- 7353802 TI - Positive lymph nodes in vulvar squamous carcinoma. PMID- 7353803 TI - Guidelines for conservative hysterectomy after irradiation. PMID- 7353804 TI - Death from cervix uteri carcinoma: the changing pattern. PMID- 7353805 TI - Results and complications of operative staging in cervical cancer: experience of the Gynecologic Oncology Group. PMID- 7353806 TI - Inulinase activity of Debaromyces cantarellii. AB - Debaromyces cantarellii Capriotti contains an inulinase activity which is inducible by growth on inulin but not on other beta-fructosides. The induction is inhibited by glucose and fructose. The system is situated in the cell wall and can be best extracted with a 20 mM phosphate buffer at pH 8.5. The inulinase activity shows pH optima at 4 and 6, suggesting the presence of two enzymes, the latter being more tightly bound to the cell wall. Both enzymes degrade inulin from the nonreducin end. The cells also contain a constitutive beta fructofuranosidase with a specificity partly overlapping with that of the inulinase(s). PMID- 7353807 TI - Morphological changes during the life cycle of Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud. AB - Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud was isolated from different natural materials plant blossoms in particular. Elements of vegetative multiplication, structure of colonies and cultures in liquid media were analyzed in detail, leading to construction of the life cycle of this organism. Morphological polymorphism was found to be combined with the production of melanin and the polysaccharide pullulan. Morphological analysis served for a directed selection for studies of physiological properties of this organism and its practical application. PMID- 7353808 TI - Biochemical similarities among strains of Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud. AB - Seventy-seven properties of Aureobasidium pullulans including utilization of various carbon sources, decomposition of the lignin-cellulose complex and the respective enzymes were checked in the present communication. According to these properties the group of 43 strains was separated in three parts, out of which two groups were found to belong to varieties A. pullulans var. pullulans and A. pullulans var. melanigenum. The third group formed a marginal part. The two varieties differed in numerous biochemical markers, particularly in the absence of monophenol monooxygenase in the variety A. pullulans var. pullulans. PMID- 7353809 TI - Studies on the composition of gases in the post-mortem body: animal experiments and two autopsy cases. AB - The composition of gases was measured in a cadaver, particularly in the stomach, using gas chromatography. High concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) and a low concentration of methane (CH4) were found. At an environmental temperature of 25 degrees C, the concentrations of CO2 and H2 were approximately 80% and 10%, respectively, at an advanced stage of putrefaction, while at an environmental temperature of 15 degrees C the concentrations were approximately 60% and 35%, respectively. These gases were not produced until the fourth day at 15 degrees C, but after that the volume of gases was greater than that produced at 25 degrees C, the cadaver becoming greatly enlarged. Oxygen (O2) in air injected into a body disappeared during putrefaction. This study revealed that H2 was the main component of inflammable gas in a dead body. The mechanisms of production of the gases are also discussed. PMID- 7353810 TI - Uncertainty of determining mode of death in medicolegal material without autopsy- a systematic autopsy study. AB - Systematic autopsy was performed in 807 medicolegal deaths where the police had not requested autopsy. In all cases both the cause of death and the mode of death had been reported at the medicolegal external examination. The autopsy revealed differences in the mode of death in about 4% of all cases. This was due in particular to the problems associated with distinguishing presumed natural deaths from accidents and suicide. The cases of "concealed" suicide were found in particular among the higher age groups. However, no characteristic relationship was found between the proportion of differing modes of death and the age groups. All cases of homicide were recognized at the medicolegal external examination. Malignant disease that had not been diagnosed previously was found in about 4% of the cases, the reason being the large proportion of elderly subjects in the material. Syphilitic aortitis that had not been previously diagnosed was demonstrated in about 1% of all cases, and pulmonary tuberculosis that had not been previously diagnosed was demonstrated in 0.7% of the cases. The conclusion is that the results provide no support for replacing the medicolegal autopsy by medicolegal external examination alone, but rather suggest that the proportion of medicolegal autopsies should be increased. PMID- 7353811 TI - Post-mortem investigations of fatal cases of narcotic addiction. PMID- 7353812 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome: histological studies on adrenal gland and kidney. AB - Histological observations were made on the adrenal glands and kidneys in ten cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The amount of fetal cortex was excessive in the adrenal glands and many glomeruli of fetal form were observed in the kidneys. These findings suggest that the adrenal glands and the kidneys in SIDS cases are more or less immature in development. The immature development in these organs, especially in the adrenal glands, was considered to play a role in the cardiac or respiratory mechanisms in SIDS. PMID- 7353813 TI - Histiocytic endometritis. AB - Two cases of histiocytic endometritis are described, both characterized by total replacement of the endometrium with sheets of lipid-containing histiocytic cells. This condition appears to be a rare complication of cervical occlusion and it is suggested that the histiocytic reaction occurs as a response to a haematometra. PMID- 7353814 TI - Necrotizing sialometaplasia of the lip simulating squamous cell carcinoma. AB - A case of necrotizing sialometaplasia of the lip in an 68-year-old pipe smoker is described. Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a self-healing non-neoplastic disease probably of ischaemic nature. Thirty-nine cases of sialometaplasia are described in the literature up to early 1979. These cases appeared in the palate, nasal cavity, gingiva, lip, hypopharynx and maxillary sinus. Six cases have also been reported from major salivary glands. Histologically there is necrosis of mucous cells with partial replacement by squamous epithelium. This entity has often been mistaken for squamous or mucoepidermoid carcinoma. One has to be familiar with the existence of necrotizing sialometaplasia in ordeg surgery. PMID- 7353815 TI - Amyloid arthropathy in myelomatosis--intracytoplasmic synovial deposition. AB - An unusual case is described of a West Indian man who presented with symptoms of an acute polyarthritis and who was found to have myelomatosis. At necropsy, generalized amyloidosis was found with particular involvement of synovial tissue. Myelomatosis presenting as an acute polyarthritis resembling rheumatoid arthritis is an uncommon, although well recognized entity, whereas an arthritic picture produced by amyloidosis is exceptional. The occurrence of joint pathology in myelomatosis and amyloidosis is discussed and the unique feature of intracytoplasmic amyloid deposition seen in this case is stressed. PMID- 7353816 TI - The histopathology of prolymphocytic leukaemia with particular reference to the spleen: a comparison with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - The histological features of prolymphocytic leukaemia are described in spleen, lymph nodes, liver and bone marrow from nine cases. Eight patients had B-PLL one had T-PLL. These features were compared with those of six cases of B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) with massive splenomegaly. Both PLL and B-CLL showed enlargement of the white pulp with nodule formation and diffuse infiltration of the red pulp. In both PLL and CLL larger cells were found in the white pulp nodules often concentrated on the periphery producing a bizonal appearance. The extent of involvement of the white pulp was greater in PLL than in uncomplicated CLL. However, this was not so in two cases of B-CLL in prolymphocytoid transformation in which the heavy replacement of the white pulp by large cells without a bizonal arrangement had effaced the red pulp. The cytological differences between PLL and CLL were best appreciated in splenic red pulp. The cells of CLL were small lymphocytes with clumped chromatin, those of PLL were larger with bigger nuclei, often indented in some cases, and distinct nucleoli. The pattern of infiltration in the bone marrow, liver and lymph nodes was similar in PLL and CLL. In conclusion, PLL can be distinguished from CLL by morphological and immunological features. The distinction is important clinically, because the survival of PLL is shorter than that of CLL. PMID- 7353817 TI - Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma arising in a spermatic blood vessel is described. In addition to typical leiomyosarcoma, areas of atypical histiocyte-like cells and storiform pattern bearing a close resemblance to malignant fibrous histiocytoma, were seen. Ultrastructurally, cells with features of smooth muscle, partially differentiated cells with marginal densities and basal lamina and histiocyte-like giant cells were present. Phagocytosis of inflammatory cells by tumour cells with marginal densities and an investment of basal lamina was observed. It is suggested that the precursor cell in this lesion was a primitive mesenchymal cell showing varying degrees of smooth muscle differentiation and giant cell formation. PMID- 7353818 TI - Fine structure of nuclei and cytoplasm of osteoclasts in Paget's disease of bone. AB - To investigate the fine structural features of nuclei and cytoplasm in osteoclasts from patients with Paget's disease of bone, eight bone biopsies were examined. Unusual paracrystalline filamentous formations were found with the nuclei of both actively resorbing and degenerating osteoclasts. These formations were made up of parallel arranged filaments which, in most cases, clustered together regularly. The filaments were slightly argyrophilic and this helped to differentiate them from the surrounding nuclear matrix, even when they were not aggregated in clusters. Argyrophilic filaments were also found loosely aggregated inside the cytoplasm of osteoclasts. In three biopsies two additional and unusual cytoplasmic inclusions were found. The first consisted of irregularly branching, highly argyrophilic membranous strands which were located inside membrane-bound vacuoles. The second consisted of spindle-shaped structures enclosed by two membranes and containing three or more tubules. It is suggested that these results stand as further morphological evidence in favour of the view that a virus, possibly of the paramyxovirus class, has a pathogenetic role in Paget's disease of bone. PMID- 7353819 TI - Collagenous colitis. AB - Repeated colonic and rectal biopsies from a 47-year-old woman with chronic watery diarrhoea showed an approximately 50 micrometer thick subepithelial band-like collagenous deposit. The histopathological and clinical picture was consistent with the recently described condition of 'collagenous colitis'. PMID- 7353820 TI - The diagnosis and treatment of elderly patients: some practical guidelines. AB - Clinicians working with elderly patients must assist them in rediscovering strengths, rekindle their interests in activities and in other people, treat and perhaps cure their disabilities, and help them discover that life is worth living. The author presents a collection of practical evaluation and treatment suggestions to help the clinician take an integrated, basic health care approach to the older person. His guidelines cover such areas as interpersonal relationships between the clinician and the patient, psychosocial assessments, techniques for working with the elderly, treatment goals and tasks, and medication use. There is also a review of the literature on the treatment of the elderly patient. PMID- 7353821 TI - Multidisciplinary team malfunctioning on a state hospital unit: a case study. AB - The use of multidisciplinary teams in the care of psychiatric patients can be countertherapeutic unless attention is paid to the dynamics of team functioning. The authors present a case study of team malfunctioning on an inpatient unit in a state hospital that resulted from staff's role confusion and insecurity. Patient care was relegated to second place as major interpersonal conflicts among the staff were played out along ethnic and cultural lines. Resolution of the conflicts required identifying their source, clarifying staff roles, and initiating a special inservice training program focused primarily on the needs of paraprofessional staff. PMID- 7353822 TI - A needs-assessment method for planning alternatives to hospitalization. AB - A one-day caseload survey was conducted in Los Angeles County's public inpatient facilities in order to estimate needs for alternatives to hospitalization. According to the primary therapists of each client in the caseload, 43 per cent of the inpatients could, on the day of the survey, be served in alternative programs. Responses to questions about the kinds of living arrangements and medical-diagnostic services needed in community programs for those clients showed a high need for residential care with close supervision or locked wards or both. The author concludes that while a significant number of inpatient days could be eliminated through the use of minimal-supervision alternatives, a large decrease in hospitalization could be expected only if more intensive community programs were implemented. PMID- 7353823 TI - Linking the public care system and the private practitioner: a study in the use of contracts. AB - Patients in private practice settings frequently need services such as day hospitalization or vocational rehabilitation, which cannot be provided in a private office. Such services have been demonstrated to be effective and should be available to all patients when clinically indicated. Patients in the public sector are similarly in need of treatment modalities that are not readily available in public facilities; examples include long-term individual psychotherapy and outpatient electroconvulsive therapy. The authors present a contractual model for bridging these gaps. Using case reports, they demonstrate the utility of contracts between public and private providers. PMID- 7353825 TI - Stigma versus visibility: one center's experience. PMID- 7353824 TI - Characteristics of children admitted to a state mental hospital. AB - In looking at demographic, social, psychiatric, and medical characteristics of 125 mentally disturbed children admitted to a state mental hospital in southern California in 1971 and in 1976, the authors found evidence of family instability and disposition to violent behavior to be the most notable features of the group; many of the children did not reveal evidence of thought disorder while in the institution. Children with conduct disorders represented the majority of admission diagnoses. The children's mean age at admission was 13.2 years; most of them had several previous residential placements, and 80 per cent were Anglo Caucasian. The authors believe that the ability to manage children predisposed to violent outbursts is the key issue involved in returning these children to community life. PMID- 7353826 TI - A screening program to reduce admissions to a state hospital. PMID- 7353827 TI - Activities for the very old: a club for octogenarians in a VA medical center. PMID- 7353829 TI - Psychiatrist can withhold personal notes from court, criminal court judge says. PMID- 7353828 TI - New Jersey district court says patients have qualified right to refuse psychotropic drugs. PMID- 7353830 TI - New federal study under way to improve care and lives of chronically mentally ill. PMID- 7353831 TI - Confidentiality commission closes national office, curtails its services. PMID- 7353832 TI - Cost containment in a community mental health center. AB - Faced with a major operational deficit and the end of its federal staffing grant, a community mental health center established a cost-containment committee and developed a program to engage staff support. The committee, including members of the clinical and administrative staffs and the community board, meets weekly to review requests for expenditures. In its first 11 months, it completed action on 212 requests and returned many others for further justification. Most cost savings were in the area of personnel, through such steps as nonreplacement of staff, replacement with less senior staff, and position consolidation. Other results of the committee's activities have been greater staff productivity, an increase in third-party payments, establishment of various personnel guidelines, and the acquisition of additional county funds to help cover the deficit from the termination of the staffing grant. PMID- 7353833 TI - Sociopathic adaptations in psychotic patients. AB - Many chronic psychotic patients make pathological adaptations to the environments imposed on them as a result of their illnesses, and those adaptations often distort the clinical picture and make it difficult for the psychiatrist to make a satisfying diagnosis and treatment plan. An example is the hospitalized patient who makes a dramatic recovery from his psychosis on the day his public assistance check is scheduled to arrive in the mail. The patient has developed the capacity to bend the course of his psychosis to his will, forcing it to serve his practical needs. The author presents several examples of patients who shift the focus of their activity from the manipulation and distortion of internal reality to the idiosyncratic manipulation of their external environments. PMID- 7353834 TI - Staffing patterns in community mental health centers. AB - Staffing patterns of federally funded community mental health centers were examined in a survey of 512 centers conducted in 1977. A total of 275 usable responses were received. The findings showed that rural centers had significantly fewer trainees in three of the major mental health disciplines (psychiatry, psychology, and soical work) and fewer affiliations with training institutions, factors that contribute to the maldistribution of mental health professionals in rural areas. The survey also showed that center directors tended to hire more staff of their own professional background. PMID- 7353835 TI - A hospital-based program to bring young patients, community youth together. PMID- 7353836 TI - Effects of environmental agents on social behavior of patients in a hospital dining room. PMID- 7353837 TI - Problems in providing equal education for young adults in psychiatric hospitals. PMID- 7353838 TI - Competency to stand trial: an abridgment of due process. PMID- 7353839 TI - New health planning law gives a greater voice to mental health proponents. PMID- 7353840 TI - APA sets up committee to raise and disperse campaign contributions. PMID- 7353841 TI - Judge Johnson takes steps to secure compliance with landmark Wyatt order. PMID- 7353842 TI - Is the least restrictive environment always the best? Sociological and semantic implications. AB - Considerable semantic confusion surrounds the use of the concept "least restrictive environment." Imprecise use of this and other terms in planning services for chronic mental patients has been associated with errors in logic and faculty generalization . Recent events related to out-of-hospital placement of chronic mental patients in a number of communities provide evidence of the potential dangers inherent in using these concepts imprecisely. It is unwarranted to assume that the degree of restrictiveness is determined primarily by the locus of care or to think of "least restrictive environments" as falling along a continuum. A more complex conceptual approach is needed, one that takes into account some of the numerous environmental, patient, and staff variables associated with restrictiveness. PMID- 7353843 TI - Regulation, adaptation, and leadership in psychiatric facilities. AB - The public policies of the sixties led to new organizational forms, expansion, significantly increased services, and inflation. The policies of the seventies, characterized by cost containment and regulation, have dramatically modified health care institutions. The impact of changing public policy and regulation is mediated by the effectiveness of executive groups, whose members must have the skills to ensure that institutional values are preserved during organizational changes. The author maintains that the future of health care organizations lies primarily in their members' clinical competency and commitment to excellent practice, but is also dependent on their knowledge of such administrative tasks as planning and budgeting and the management of the physical plant and its employees. PMID- 7353844 TI - Sexuality education in a state mental hospital. AB - The issue of whether sex education programs should be offered in public psychiatric facilities is delicate and complex. It raises a number of questions about the sexual rights of patients and whether the programs help or harm them. The authors discuss such issues and describe a sex education program for patients in the adult transitional living program at Western State Hospital. They believe such a program is necessary for patients who will be released from the hospital and thus expected to cope with the complexities of society. Staff members also attended educational sessions to give them an opportunity to discuss sexual issues. Recommendations for others interested in setting up a sex education program are included. PMID- 7353845 TI - Preventing front-line collapse in institutional settings. AB - Front-line staff in institutions for the mentally ill and mentally retarded are in the best position to help the patients develop to their full potential. However, they are usually poorly paid, and their work seldom receives the respect it deserves. They work under conditions of extreme stress, and burnout often results. The author describes what happens when burnout affects the entire staff on a ward, leading to what he terms front-line collapse. He examines the contributing factors and lists some possible preventive approaches. PMID- 7353846 TI - The psychiatrist and the statewide health coordinating council: strange bedfellows. AB - Psychiatrists and statewide health coordinating councils are products of widely disparate cultures, yet they share the goal of providing the highest quality patient care, and to achieve it they must work together. The author describes the functions of statewide coordinating councils, the cultural influences that make it difficult for psychiatrists and coordinating councils to work together effectively, and his own experiences as a member of the coordinating council in Massachusetts. He emphasizes the need for psychiatrists to become more actively involved in planning efforts if they are to have an impact on the delivery of mental health services, serve the needs of their patients, and retain control of the future of their profession. PMID- 7353847 TI - The role of the hospital milieu in structural diagnosis. AB - The authors have found the structural approach to diagnosis to be a valuable tool in classifying ill-defined mental illnesses. That approach presumes there are discrete levels of mental functioning: neurotic, borderline, and psychotic. Each can be differentiated by identifying the degree of identity integration, the level of defensive operations, and the degree of reality testing. Two case illustrations are used to describe how the dynamic role of the hospital milieu can be used in conjunction with individual treatment to make an accurate diagnosis. The application of this approach to the diagnosis of adolescents is emphasized. PMID- 7353848 TI - A correlation between dropout status and improvement in a psychiatric clinic. AB - Sixty psychiatric outpatients were independently evaluated before treatment in a mental health center and again after they had either completed five treatment visits or dropped out. Dropouts were older, more likely to be female, more severely ill, and more likely to expect medications. They improved less on scales of drug use, denial of illness, and grandiosity. Dropouts who did improve were more likely to have situational reactions. Better-educated patients had better outcomes. Patients who were satisfied with the treatment they received were the most likely to have improved. PMID- 7353849 TI - The relationship between length of hospital stay and rapid-readmission rates. AB - The average length of stay for patients on the psychiatric service of a large VA hospital in California was nine days in mid-1977. Such brief hospitalizations often led to insufficient discharge planning and rapid readmissions, within one month of discharge. VA policy changed in July 1977, and longer lengths of hospital stay were initiated. The experiences with brief and longer-term hospitalization enabled the authors to study the rapid-readmission rates for each length of stay. Their data showed that an increase in length of stay from nine to 26 days was associated with a 55 per cent reduction in the rate of rapid readmission. They admit that it is too early to conclude that the longer patient stay was responsible for the decrease, and feel that additional longitudinal study is necessary. PMID- 7353850 TI - Reducing the use of full-leather restraints on an acute adult inpatient ward. AB - The authors describe a program to reduce the use of full-leather restraints on an acute adult inpatient psychiatric ward of a large community mental health center. It included the introduction of a multipurpose pipe-frame bed, which can be used for seclusion only or seclusion with restraints. Use of the bed, coupled with a seclusion-first policy and rapid tranquilization programs, reduced the time the patients spent in full-leather restraints from 360 hours in the month before the program was introduced to 30 hours two months later. PMID- 7353851 TI - An analysis of the reasons for the failure of a brief hospitalization program. PMID- 7353852 TI - A study of the capacity of schizophrenic patients to give informed consent. PMID- 7353853 TI - A counseling service for hospital staff members. PMID- 7353854 TI - Massachusetts district court affirms the right to refuse psychotropic drugs, seclusion. PMID- 7353855 TI - Nonopiate drug abusers underserved in CMHCS, NIDA study finds. PMID- 7353856 TI - Professors differ in predicting future of hospital regulation in next 10 years. PMID- 7353857 TI - Hospitals target of litigants' search for the 'deep pocket'. PMID- 7353858 TI - Preventive medicine for hospital personnel. PMID- 7353859 TI - Iowans make productivity managers' tool. PMID- 7353860 TI - Inflation persists and grows. PMID- 7353861 TI - State rate review: the ultimate numbers game. AB - State-level review of hospital rates has been around for more than 20 years, but it remains one of the most debated forms of hospital regulation. In this first half of two-part article, selected rate review programs are examined. PMID- 7353862 TI - Hospitals must change, control is the issue. AB - Faced with a world of increasing constraints, hospitals must find opportunities in the constraints and move toward diversification. PMID- 7353863 TI - Small hospitals must explore all capital options. AB - Small hospitals must explore as many sources of capital financing as possible to select ones that are most appropriate for their special capital needs. PMID- 7353864 TI - The benefits and the risks of publicity. AB - As one of its primary functions, the hospital public relations department weighs the risks of proposed media coverage against its potential benefits in light of the objectives of both parties. PMID- 7353865 TI - Who's running this place, anyway? AB - Success in running a hospital doesn't depend on what the CEO's title is or what the organizational structure is. It lies in making sure that everyone understands how the system works. PMID- 7353866 TI - National forum helps hospitals cut food costs. AB - A national forum for sharing cost containment ideas has been developed and implemented by ASHFSA to help hospitals hold the line on rising food costs. PMID- 7353867 TI - Survey offers guidelines for social work. AB - Collection of hospital social work data is a step toward making the product of social work practice both measurable and quality controlled and can serve as a guide for all hospitals. PMID- 7353868 TI - Commercial carriers' role eroded in 1977. PMID- 7353869 TI - Risk manager must interact with infection control expert. PMID- 7353870 TI - Rising unit costs, growth of services push expenses up. PMID- 7353871 TI - State rate review: the high cost of saving. AB - In this second half of a two-part article examining state-level review of hospital rates, the lessons of the past 20 years are discussed. PMID- 7353872 TI - Containing the costs of food service. AB - Established techniques and innovative methods are being used in hospital food service departments to control labor, food, and energy costs. PMID- 7353873 TI - Food service needs controls to contain costs. AB - Cost containment can be achieved through the use of methods of measuring, controlling, and modifying food costs and quality, labor costs, and departmental procedures. PMID- 7353874 TI - Food service equipment and energy costs. AB - Guidelines are presented to help food service administrators make sound decisions on when and how to replace their food production equipment with more energy efficient models. PMID- 7353875 TI - Containing the labor costs of food service. AB - The productivity of hospital food service employees can be increased by improving methods, identifying and eliminating unproductive practices, and reevaluating various policies. PMID- 7353876 TI - Cognition and motivation in early infancy. An interactionistic approach. PMID- 7353877 TI - A 100-foot fall. PMID- 7353878 TI - Geographic medicine in practice. PMID- 7353879 TI - Changing values in medicine. PMID- 7353880 TI - Persistent pelvic pain. PMID- 7353881 TI - Mammography may be better than you think. PMID- 7353882 TI - The case of the jaundiced woman. PMID- 7353883 TI - Long-term management of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7353884 TI - The '18' variant of human placental alkaline phosphatase is identical to the 'D variant'. AB - Samples of the rare SD, FD and ID phenotypes of placental alkaline phosphatase were compared by starch gel electrophoresis and by measuring L-leucine inhibition with the numbered phenotypes of Donald and Robson. The 'D-variant' was found to be identical to 'variant 18'. 'Variant 17' was also found to be inhibited by L leucine to the same extent as 'variant 18'. There was a statistically significant excess of male births with the variant 18 enzyme. PMID- 7353885 TI - Survey on haemoglobin variants, beta-thalassaemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and haptoglobin types in Turkish people living in Manavgat, Serik and Boztepe (Antalya). AB - 135 Turks living in the vicinity of Antalya, a Turkish city on the Mediterranean coast, were studied for haemoglobin variants, beta-thalassaemia G-6-PD deficiency and haptoglobin types. The incidence of Hb-S was 2.3%. 8 beta-thalassaemic individuals with increased Hb-A2 and patient with 1 sickle cell-beta2 thalassaemia disease were found. The incidence of beta-thalassaemia with increased Hb-A2 was 6.7% and that of G-6-PD deficiency was 5.4%. The distribution of haptoglobin types in these people was very similar to that found in Turkish people in general; the only exception was the presence of Hp O in 2 individuals without haemolytic disorder. Gene frequencies of Hp1 and Hp2 were 0.26 and 0.7p4, respectively. PMID- 7353886 TI - Genetic studies of red cell glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in some Japanese populations. AB - Comparative data on the allelic distribution of human red cell GPT were presented for inhabitants of isolated communities and individuals in the general population of Japan. In addition, a quantitative enzyme assay of the different phenotypes was carried out on some of the samples tested. The existence of two heterozygotes with a silent allele, Gpt0, appeared to be confirmed by pedigree analysis. PMID- 7353887 TI - Haptoglobin types in breast carcinoma. AB - In a series of 109 Greek patients with breast carcinoma, a significant increase in the haptoglobin type 1-1 was observed. PMID- 7353888 TI - C3 polymorphism in patients with chronic uremia. AB - The C3 polymorphism phenotypes were determined by high-voltage agarose gel electrophoresis in 83 patients with chronic uremia on maintenance hemodialysis. In 45 patients with chronic pyelonephritis, the frequency of C3F and C3FS was significantly lower than in 38 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and in a large control group. PMID- 7353889 TI - Hemoglobin New York associated with alpha-thalassemia. AB - A Chinese family is described in which 6 members possess both the beta-chain hemoglobin variant Hb New York and alpha-thalassemia trait. The frequency of this combination may be greater than hitherto realized because Hb New York may easily be missed on routine hemoglobin electrophoresis. PMID- 7353890 TI - GPT polymorphism in the population of Bologna and linkage analysis with beta thalassaemia. AB - GPT polymorphism was studied in 500 voluntary blood donors from the Bologna population. The following phenotype frequencies were obtained: GPT 1 = 29.60%, GPT 1-2 = 49.80% and GPT 2 = 20.60%. The frequencies of the alleles were: GPT1 - 0.545 and GPT2 = 0.455. Analysis of 24 informative families has excluded linkage between GPT and beta-thalassaemia. PMID- 7353891 TI - A further report on a kindred with cases of 4p trisomy and monosomy. AB - An extended study on a previously described family, in which a rcp(4;12) (p14;p13) translocation is segregating, is reported. 2 further individuals with 4p trisomy are described. The risk to translocation carriers of having liveborn offspring with either 4p trisomy or monosomy is calculated to be 25%. PMID- 7353893 TI - Wiener filtering of successive overlapping sections of an x-ray reconstruction. PMID- 7353892 TI - Interaction of sickle cell trait and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Cameroon. AB - The prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and sickle cell trait was determined in 371 Cameroonian males and 668 male blood donors in Chicago. The number of males with both sickle cell trait and G6PD deficiency was significantly greater than expected (p less than 0.05) in Cameroon. The number of males with both sickle cell trait and G6PD deficiency in the Chicago population also exceeded the exptected number, although this was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.30). A young red cell population associated with the sickle cell gene leading to elevated G6PD levels in G6PD-deficient males suggests that sickle hemoglobin may exert a beneficial effect on G6PD deficiency, rather than the opposite, as had previously been proposed. These red cells may be better able to deal with oxidative stress, which can precipitate severe hemolytic disease in G6PD deficiency. PMID- 7353894 TI - Spectral estimation of a narrow-band Guassian process from the distribution of the distance between adjacent zeros. PMID- 7353895 TI - A system for the rapid acquisition of surface potential maps of human skeletal muscle motor units. PMID- 7353896 TI - A theoretical study of the scattering of ultrasound from blood. PMID- 7353897 TI - Wiener kernels and frequency response functions for the human retina. PMID- 7353898 TI - Attenuation and backscattering of ultrasound in freshly excised animal tissues. PMID- 7353899 TI - Supraorbital opacity pulses during carotid artery compression: a method for the detection of carotid obstruction. PMID- 7353900 TI - The effects of variations of the conducting media inhomogeneities on the electroretinogram. PMID- 7353901 TI - Dielectric properties of fluid-saturated bone. PMID- 7353902 TI - Cellular and reaginic immune responses to ragweed antigen E in inbred rats. AB - The cellular and reaginic immune responses to ragweed were examined in six strains of inbred rats. Three differentiable patterns of primary reaginic responses were observed: (a) Lewis rats--good uniform responders--produced high titers of IgE antibody for a short (less than 2 weeks) time; (b) Brown Norway rats--good uniform responders--produced high titers of IgE antibody for a long time (more than 1 month), and (c) intermediate responders--Buffalo, ACI, Fischer 344 and Wistar-Furth rats--produced poor-to-moderate titers of IgE for an intermediate time. There were no secondary reaginic immune responses to ragweed AgE in these six strains of rats. Furthermore, extensive study of Lewis rats indicated that IgE antibody production in primary immunization could be suppressed by passive transfer of either AgE-primed spleen lymphocytes, AgE primed blood lymphocytes, or Con-A stimulated lymphocytes. Cellular responses to AgE and PHA stimulation were suppressed in rats receiving AgE-primed lymphocytes or Con-A stimulated lymphocytes. PMID- 7353903 TI - Purification of birch pollen allergen extract by gel filtration. I. Chemical and immunological characterization of the fraction. AB - Birch pollen extract was fractionated by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column. The physicochemical characterization of fractions included the determination of protein, carbohydrate, molecular weight and pI. The immunological properties of the fractions were measured by skin prick testing of allergenic individuals and by indirect RAST. The cross-reactivity of the fractions was investigated by heterologous PCA in rats after producing specific reaginic sera in mice. The allergenically most active fractions were composed mainly of proteins with a molecular weight range of 10,000--50,000 daltons. These active fractions represented only 3% of the total protein and carbohydrate content of the crude extract. These results indicate that it is possible to purify birch pollen allergen extract from the bulk of nonallergic contaminants, mainly low molecular weight carbohydrates, by a single step gel filtration procedure. PMID- 7353904 TI - Impaired neutrophil locomotion during acute bacterial infections. AB - Neutrophils from patients with acute bacterial infections show a marked decrease in random as well as directional locomotion in vitro. The further analysis of the data suggests that defective directional locomotion is due to impaired locomotion and not to impaired chemotaxis. The defect disappeared almost completely with clinical recovery. There was no direct correlation between impaired directional neutrophil locomotion and the proportion of band forms in the neutrophil population. Plasma obtained from patients with acute bacterial infections showed no 'spontaneous' chemotactic activity and immune complex-induced cytotaxin formation was normal in vitro. Neutrophils from 2 patients with viral pneumonia showed normal locomotion. PMID- 7353905 TI - Chlorpromazine and lidocaine inhibit antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity but not erythrocyte antibody rosette formation. AB - Pretreatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with chlorpromazine and lidocaine reduces their ability to induce lysis of antibody-coated target cells. This effect of local anesthetics was not due to a reduction of binding of antibody-coated red cells to the mononuclear cells, but it was rather probably due to the inhibition of mobility of the Fc receptor on the cell membrane. PMID- 7353906 TI - Cyclotron isotopes and radiopharmaceuticals--XXX. Aspects of production, elution and automation of 81Rb-81Kr generators. PMID- 7353907 TI - Vitamin D therapy in uremic osteodystrophy: theoretical and practical considerations. PMID- 7353908 TI - Protein requirement of patients on CAPD: a study on nitrogen balance. AB - Nitrogen balance studies were performed in 8 patients undergoing CAPD. Patients were studied in a metabolic ward for 14 days while eating a diet providing 1.2 g/kg B.W. of proteins and supplying 166-188 KG/Kg. From these studies it is concluded that 1.2 g/Kg are a safe intake for patients on CAPD. Nevertheless it is strongly suggested that patients on CAPD should undergo a nitrogen balance study in order to ascertain whether such a diet is safe or should be modified for energy and/or protein supply. PMID- 7353909 TI - Pericardial effusion associated with minoxidil therapy in dialyzed patients. AB - Pericardial effusion, diagnosed clinically or by echocardiography, was found in 13 of 16 regularly dialyzed patients (81%) receiving minoxidil for refractory hypertension. In a comparable group of 125 patients not receiving minoxidil, 28 patients (23%) had evidence of pericardial effusion, the difference between the groups being highly significant (p less than 0.0005). In minoxidil treated patients, the effusions resolved spontaneously in 4 (3 remaining on treatment), required pericardiocentesis (3), or pericardiectomy (1), and persisted in 4 (3 remaining on treatment). It is suggested that minoxidil treated dialysis patients be regulary examined for the development of potentially threatening pericardial effusions. PMID- 7353910 TI - Reoperative surgery in calves with a total artificial heart. AB - Two surgical techniques have been developed in our laboratory to deal with identifiable problems in long-term artificial heart experiments. A right throacotomy is used to deal with problems such as extensive bleeding, which occur in the immediate postoperative stage of the experiment, while a left thoracotomy is used in cases in which the original implantation is preceded by more than one week, since extensive adhesions complicate the right thoracotomy at that stage. Pulmonary problems have been eliminated as primary cause of difficulties after reoperation, but infection remains a serious problem. PMID- 7353911 TI - Effects of pH and urea concentration on urea removal from dialysate by enzymatic conversion and gas absorption using a capillary hemodialyzer. AB - This paper reports the effects of initial urea concentrations and pH values on the performance of a capillary hemodialyzer for the removal of free ammonia (NH3) formed by enzymatic hydrolysis of urea. Air was chosen as the gas phase. NaOH was used for alkalinization of dialysate. It was shown that one of the most important parameters was free ammonia concentration. The degrees of alkalinization and the initial urea concentration, were also important. Although even without the addition of NaOH, about 42% of the initial urea can be removed in one hour. PMID- 7353912 TI - Minoxidil. PMID- 7353913 TI - Extracorporeal removal of immune complexes: preparation and characterization of immobilized bovine conglutinin. PMID- 7353914 TI - Preparation of sterile, bicarbonate-containing solutions by dialysis. PMID- 7353915 TI - Charcoal hemoperfusion, "wither thou goest..?". PMID- 7353916 TI - Effects of changed contraception patterns on fertility in Taiwan: applications of a non-Markovian stochastic model. AB - Longitudinal data from Taiwan in the period 1960--1973 are used in an age dependent non-Markovian Stochastic model of human reproduction to evaluate the effects of changing contraceptive technology and extended use patterns on fertility. The fertility experience of women claiming to be limiters up to the first unwanted pregnancy following acceptance of an IUD is considered. It is found that improved contraceptive technology, and expecially changed switching patterns among methods, account for as much as a 50% decline in first pregnancy probabilities over period studied. PMID- 7353917 TI - [Aid to the diagnosis of epilepsy. Codification of EEG tracings for the characterization of detectable non-stationary phenomena]. AB - The aim of automatic EEG analysis is to detect and class the significant events of the signal. For the detection phase an autoregressive model is developed giving rise to non-stationary points. The model used to analyse information in each event goes further than the problem of existence or non-existence. It is possible to understand qualitative aspects regarding the recognition of typical patterns of epilepsy such as 'spike and waves' providing a preliminary classification of the pattern. Such a classification based on sentence coding established from quantities provided from the model leads to a qualitative understanding of the phenomenon. The first results are presented. PMID- 7353918 TI - Electromyogram processing for sleep research. AB - A computer method for quantifying the submental electromyographic surface interference pattern (EMG) during sleep and wakefulness by amplitude envelope measurement for consecutive 2-sec intervals is described. The method is largely insensitive to electrocardiogram (EKG) artifact. Though this algorithm was developed as part of a program to detect electroencephalographic (EEG), electrooculographic (EOG), tonic and phasic EMG changes during sleep, the method is applicable by itself wherever the envelope width of the EMG interference pattern is of interest. The results obtained correlate well with visual estimates of the amplitude envelope of the raw EMG. It offers increased speed, accuracy and reproducibility compared to visual EMG evaluation and enables a high degree of information extraction. The simplicity of the algorithm permits implementation and on-line processing on a small laboratory computer. PMID- 7353919 TI - The effect of pH on enzyme-catalysed reactions: a computer program to determine pK values of enzyme ionisable groups from kinetic data. AB - The paper describes a non-linear multiple regression program to analyse the kinetic parameters Vm and Km as functions of pH, assuming that the activity of particular enzyme forms is determined by the ionisation of two groups, the active form of the enzyme being the half-ionised species. PMID- 7353920 TI - Amino-acid neighborhood relationships in proteins. Breakdown of amino-acid sequences into overlapping doublets, triplets and quadruplets. AB - A method has been developed which allows the breakdown of an amino-acid sequence of proteins into overlapping di-, tripeptides, etc. The frequency of their distribution provides very convincing evidence that these sequences are non random. These peptides have been demonstrated to be capable of being used as an objective key for the classification of organisms, and of proteins. It is also believed that they can be useful in increasing the accuracy of the prediction of protein folding. PMID- 7353921 TI - A unique method to represent proteins. AB - A new method, based on the frequency distribution of amino-acid pairs, is developed to represent proteins. The method can accommodate and convey all of the chemical and many of the physical properties of proteins. It also lends itself to classification of organisms from which a protein is obtained (Erhan, 1978) and also to classification of protein families (Erhan, in preparation). PMID- 7353922 TI - An hypnotic technique for treating insomnia. PMID- 7353923 TI - Modifying hypnotic susceptibility by practice and instruction. PMID- 7353924 TI - The Harvard group scale of hypnotic susceptibility as a predictor of nonhypnotic suggestibility. PMID- 7353925 TI - Cognitive control in hypnosis and biofeedback. PMID- 7353926 TI - The value of teaching hypnosis in the practice of anesthesiology. PMID- 7353927 TI - EEG alpha, skin conductance and hypnotizability in Antarctica. PMID- 7353928 TI - Toward a peer theory of group psychotherapy, I: On the developmental significance of peers and play. PMID- 7353929 TI - A peer group for therapists: successful experience in sharing. PMID- 7353930 TI - Short-term group psychotherapy: an adult developmental model. PMID- 7353931 TI - On some limitations of dyadic psychotherapy and the role of group modalities. PMID- 7353932 TI - Milieu biopsy: the place of the therapy group on the inpatient ward. PMID- 7353933 TI - Various regressive processes and their prognostic value in inpatient group psychotherapy. PMID- 7353934 TI - The health effects of low-dose radiation on atomic workers. A case study of employer-directed research. AB - The 15-year history of a study on the health effects of low-dose radiation on workers at the Hanford Atomic Plant in Washington State demonstrates different facets of political control by employers over investigations of employee working conditions. Evidence obtained through the Freedom of Information Act shows that the original study, under the guidance of Dr. Thomas Mancuso, an experienced and respected occupational health epidemiologist, wah proof to employees that their exposure levels were safe. When it turned out that the study might show an increase in cancer rates among plant employees, its control was transferred to the employer. Public reports by scientists working for the employer are at variance with independent analyses of the same data. Lessons from these events are that it may be necessary for organized labor to negotiate the conduct of occupational health investigations as part of negotiated settlements and for legal means to be developed to make health scientists accountable for actions that influence public health policies. PMID- 7353936 TI - Nuclear power risks: challenge to the credibility of science. AB - For a quarter of a century the Federal Government and the nuclear industry have deliberately deceived the American public about the risks of nuclear power. Facts have been systematically withheld, distorted, and obscured, and calculations have been deliberately biased in order to present nuclear power in an unrealistically favorable light. Most persistent and flagrant have been: (a) attempts to "normalize" public perception of nuclear accident casualties with those of more familiar accidents by emphasizing only acute fatalities and ignoring or downplaying the major effects of nuclear accidents, namely, health impairment and death years delayed; and (b) the cloaking of the objectively undocumentable faith of the atomic energy establishment that a nuclear accident is extremely unlikely in a smokescreen of invalid, pseudoquantitative statistical probabilities in order to convince the public that the chance of an accident is negligible. Prime examples of these abuses are found in the Rasmussen report on nuclear reactor safety and in its representation to the public. The deceptive practices used in promoting nuclear power have seriously shaken public faith in government, technology, and science. The scientific community has a special responsibility to minimize such future political abuses of science. For those who were responsible for the deliberate breeches of public trust which resulted in this loss of faith, mere professional disdain will not suffice. They should be punished to the fullest extent of the law. PMID- 7353935 TI - Are voluntary agencies helping to improve health in Bangladesh? AB - Since independence in 1971, a large number of health programs run by local and foreign voluntary organizations have been started in Bangladesh. This paper is the result of a survey undertaken on behalf on the Oxford Famine Relief Committee of ten of the most interesting of these projects. On the basis of an analysis of the underlying causes of ill health in Bangladesh, a criterion for the assessment of these health programs is developed. Following an overview of the performance of these "innovative" projects, the pertinent issues which have been and have to be dealt with by appropriate projects are addressed by means of a case study of one of the best of these projects. A basic premise of this analysis is that ill health in particular communities is not simply a result of local conditions; rather, the structural determinants of ill health are frequently national and even international in scope. The effect of these structural determinants of the presence and funding policies of the many voluntary agencies in Bangladesh is assessed by analyzing the performance of the Oxford Famine Relief Committee, one of the more enlightened of these agencies. PMID- 7353937 TI - Social indicators: for individual well-being or social control? AB - This article is concerned with the way that social statistics reflect particular views of the world, and focuses on the specific case of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's program to develop a set of social indicators. Some illustrations of previous attempts to collect social indicators are given, but the bulk of the article discusses the series of contradictions which regulate the generation and use of statistics by governments, the principal one being between measures which play the ideological role of displaying economic and social "progress" and measures which are of direct use in social planning. This is discussed both for social indicators in general and for social concerns linked to the measurement of health. The article ends with an attempt to evaluate the future of the OECD program within the development of modern capitalism. PMID- 7353938 TI - Arthrosonography--technique, sonographic anatomy, and pathology. AB - Ultrasound scanning of the hips, shoulders, and elbows was investigated as a noninvasive technique for the diagnosis of joint disorders. Sixteen patients with known intra-articular fluid collections, loose bodies, or periarticular abnormalities were studied. Ultrasound images clearly demonstrated the contours of bony surfaces, normal muscles, and other soft-tissue structures around joints. Intra-articular fluid collections were seen as sonolucent halos around the femoral neck and humeral head and as an oval, sonolucent area anterior to the distal humerus. Collections of fluid as small as 10 ml in the hip and 16 ml in the shoulder were visualized. Intra-articular loose bodies and para-articular fluid collections were also demonstrated. It is concluded that gray-scale ultrasound can demonstrate some of the basic pathologic processes in joint disorders. Further evaluation of its scope and applicability is indicated. PMID- 7353939 TI - Diffuse colonic nodularity and splenomegaly. PMID- 7353940 TI - Redistribution of pulmonary blood flow secondary to pulmonary arterial hypertension. PMID- 7353941 TI - Visualization of canine and human prostatic lymph nodes following intraprostatic injection of technetium-99m-antimony sulfide colloid. AB - Clinically occult lymph node metastases are a frequent finding in patients with carcinoma of the prostate. At present, lymph node dissection is the only reliable method of detecting local nodal spread; we have investigated a nonsurgical technique for demonstrating nodes using intraprostatic injections of 99mTc-Sb2S3. 99mTc-Sb2S3 (1.0 mCi/0.1--0.2 ml) was injected into the prostate glands of nine male mongrel dogs. Scintillation camera images revealed from one to four lymph nodes in each animal with earliest nodal visualization at 1 hour. A study performed on a 64-year-old man with prostatic cancer allowed visualization of seven pelvic lymph nodes, all of which were found to be histologically normal. The simplicity of this technique suggests the potential for both pre- and intraoperative identification of the prostatic lymph nodes. Clinical trials presently underway will allow assessment of the sensitivity and specificity of this technique for the detection of nodal metastases. PMID- 7353942 TI - Direct myocardial effects of intracoronary administration of new contrast materials with lost osmolality. AB - The effects of LV dynamics of the intracoronary administration of three new contrast materials with reduced osmolality were compared with those of a monomeric ionic material, sodium iothalamate, and the nonionic material, metrizamide. In eight anesthetized dogs, the monacid dimer, P286, caused increases in LV dimensions and decreases in LV systolic pressure and parameters of the contractile state. The changes were less than those caused by sodium iothalamte. The alterations in LV function tended to be greater, but not significantly so, during systemic hypoxemia compared to the normal state. The nonionic materials, P297 and iopamidol, like metrizamide, caused no deleterious effects on LV dynamics in either the normal or hypoxemic state. Nonionic materials actually caused a slight increase in parameters of the LV contractile state. PMID- 7353943 TI - The renal excretion of iodine following oral administration of Gastrografin to domestic cats. AB - Serum and urinary levels of iodine were determined in six cats before and after oral administration of Gastrografin. Iodine was identified by gamma spectrometry after the specimens had been subjected to neutron activation. Peak serum iodine levels, compared to undetectable preadministration levels in five of the six cats, ranged from 8.0 to 50.7 micrograms/ml 1 to 2 hours after Gastrografin administration. Twenty-four hour cumulative urinary excretion of iodine represented 0.9 to 4.08% of this element calculated to be in Gastrografin. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the serum concentrations using the one-compartment open model resulted in an estimate of ka, the fraction of Gastrografin dose absorbed per unit time, of 2.24 hr-1 (95% CL = -5.4, 7.7) and an estimate of ke, the fraction of the dose eliminated per unit time, of 0.10 hr-1 (95 % CL = -0.01, 0.21). Analysis of urinary elimination rates also yielded ke = 0.10 hr-1 (95% CL = 0.01, 0.18). At necropsy the gastrointestinal tract of each cat was normal. PMID- 7353944 TI - Cumulative genetic damage in children exposed to preconception and intrauterine radiation. AB - Using a mathematical model and newly developed computer software, the data from the Tri-State Leukemia Survey involving different combinations of radiation exposures to the father and mother prior to conception and to the mother during pregnancy were analyzed. The hypothesis that radiation exposure produces genetic damage which may be expressed in the child both as indicator disease and as leukemia was tested. The genetic damage was estimated in terms of the proportion affected by a given exposure. The relative risk of leukemia and certain other indicator diseases among those "affected" could then be estimated. The results were obtained by direct minimization of the total chi-square. The results show that there are at least two distinguishable risk groups, one group with lower (one or two exposures), and the other group with higher (two or three) radiation exposures. The estimates for the proportion affected are 0.13 and .04 for the lower and higher exposure groups, respectively. The relative risks of leukemia and indicator diseases are 25.0 and 5.0, respectively. The 95% confidence intervals for the proportion affected in the lower and higher exposure categories are (.0075, .02) and (.028, .055), respectively, and for the relative risk of leukemia are (16.0, 35.0). These results have confirmed and extended the findings of our preliminary report published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in May 1977. PMID- 7353946 TI - Urological injuries in gynecological surgery. PMID- 7353945 TI - Toxicity of X-ray contrast media in cell cultures. AB - Monolayer cell culture techniques for neuronal and glial cells and fibroblasts were used for the investigation of the direct toxicity of x-ray contrast media. The effect of various concentrations of sodium diatrizoate, methylglucamine salts of diatrizoate, iothalamate, iodamide, metrizamide, iocarmate, ioserate, and ioglycamate were studied. The intravenous biliary contrast medium--ioglycamate- was most toxic to all cell types. All the contrast media studied were somewhat toxic to neurons in the concentration of 50 mmol/l and showed variable glial toxicity. In equiosmolar concentrations the contrast media studied showed toxicity on neurons in the following order: iothalamate, diatrizoate, iodamide, ioserate, iocarmate, ioglycamate. Fresh metrizamide solution in equimolar concentrations showed the least toxic effects on neurons but interfered considerably with the growth and survival of glial cells. Metrizamide solution proved to be highly toxic to neurons when refrigerated for two weeks. Methylgucamine iocarmate produced a peculiar swelling of fibroblasts. PMID- 7353947 TI - Mushroom poisoning by Chlorophyllum molybdites in Hawaii. PMID- 7353948 TI - A good neighbor policy: controlled smoking areas and Health Department attitudes. PMID- 7353949 TI - Radical neck dissection: theme and variations. PMID- 7353950 TI - Cervical metastases following radical neck dissection that preserved the spinal accessory nerve. AB - In contrast to the original neck dissection technique, the spinal accessory nerve is routinely sacrificed in the so-called classical neck dissection. The benefit of this routine has never been documented; on the contrary, facts have accumulated that indicate that the nerve should be preserved. The results in this article serve to emphasize this opinion. Of 80 patients who underwent radical neck dissection that preserved the spinal accessory nerve, the potential for cure was not jeopardized in a single case. PMID- 7353952 TI - Myocutaneous trapezius flap. AB - A random pattern flap, such as the nape-of-the-neck flap, is a delayed cutaneous flap that relies on collateral circulation based on the skin pedicle. The myocutaneous trapezius flap, however, is a cervical flap that does not need to be delayed since it receives its blood supply from a musculocutaneous artery. The author has radiographic and clinical evidence that demonstrates that the upper one-half of the trapezius muscle is primarily, and abundantly, supplied by the transverse cervical artery. If this artery is kept intact during resection and reconstruction, a flap as large as 12 x 42 cm may be maintained. This flap has been used in various types of reconstruction on 23 patients, and it has been successful in terms of viability, versatility, safety, and cosmesis. PMID- 7353951 TI - Deliberate hypotension in head and neck surgery. AB - The deliberate reduction of blood pressure in an attempt to reduce intraoperative blood loss has generated significant controversy in the 30 years since its clinical introduction. Numerous series have been reported, but few have met generally accepted, current criteria for controlled studies. In this article, the effect of blood pressure reduction on organ perfusion will be presented together with a review of techniques of achieving hypotension. A summary of results is included and, based on this data, recommendations are offered regarding the application and limits of deliberate hypotension. PMID- 7353953 TI - Radiology of congenital deformities of the ear. AB - By depicting the status of the middle ear beyond atretic canals, multidirectional tomography can materially assist in the planning of surgery for conductive hearing losses. The course of the facial nerve is best demonstrated by the Guillen projection and by lateral projections. Deformities of the inner ear structures may be surveyed by similar projections. Deformities of the inner ear structures may be surveyed by similar projections. The base view accurately predicts the status of the cochlea. If lesions are classified as external canal deformities, middle ear deformities, or inner ear deformities, the clinician may more easily identify hereditary versus environmental syndromes. PMID- 7353954 TI - Management of the congenital midline nasal mass: a review. AB - The nasal encephalocele, the glioma, and the dermoid are the most common of the congenital midline nasal masses. Due to similar embryologic development, each of these lesions may be associated with bony cranial defects and intracranial abnormalities, as well as CSF leakage and the potential for fatal meningitis if not handled properly. Properative manipulation should be avoided. Radiologic studies are instructive only if they are positive. If intracranial attachments are identified radiologically or suspected clinically, neurosurgical consultation should be obtained, and intracranial exploration and resection should be carried out as the initial procedure. Extra-cranial resection of the remaining mass may be performed immediately after intracranial resection, may be postponed, or may become unnecessary. PMID- 7353955 TI - Folded forehead flap for reconstruction of full-thickness defects of the cheek. AB - A simplified technique is described for reconstruction of through-and-through full-thickness defects of the cheek following resection of cancer. The standard forehead flap is employed with an extended application, whereby it is folded over itself twice to provide both an inner and an outer lining. This alternative technique appears to be a reliable and quick way of obtaining both cover and lining for reconstruction of through-and-through defects of the cheek. PMID- 7353956 TI - Two cases of hemoglobin New York in Costa Rica. PMID- 7353958 TI - Separation and characterization of Menhaden hemoglobin components. AB - Hemolysate from Brevoortia tyrannus (Atlantic Menhaden) consists of two major and two minor components, as determined by ion-exchange chromatography. Oxygen equilibria, flash photolysis and rapid mixing techniques are used to detect functional differences between the two major components, revealing a system analogous to the Trout I-IV system. Menhaden IV exhibits a moderate Root effect and is sensitive to organic phosphate inhibition. Menhaden I exhibits little sensitivity to pH changes or the presence of organic phosphates. These differences are probably based on contrasting kinetic behavior, subunit heterogeneity and replacement of a COOH-terminal histidine residue. Theories accounting for the significance of functional hemoglobin multiplicity are reviewed. By bypassing the normal physiological unloading mechanisms, Menhaden I may be functioning as an oxygen reservoir, perhaps for red muscle during periods of high activity. PMID- 7353957 TI - A new hemoblogin variant in hungary: Hb Savaria - alpha 49 (CE7) Ser replace by Arg. AB - A hemoglobin variant of slow electrophoretic mobility has been demonstrated in a Hungarian female patient. The abnormal component amounted to about 30% and proved to be a new hemoglobin variant, alpha 49 (CE7) Ser replaced by Arg, which has been named Hb Savaria. PMID- 7353959 TI - Hemoglobin G-San Jose (alpha 2 beta 2 7(A4)Glu replaced by Gly) in a Mexican family. PMID- 7353960 TI - Effects of centrifugation stress on pituitary-gonadal function in male rats. AB - The effects of centrifugation for various lengths of time were investigated on circulating levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone in male rats. In a chronic 52-day experiment, centrifugation at 4.1 G significantly reduced LH and testosterone levels for the entire period. Centrifugation at 2.3 G had less effect inasmuch as LH levels were not significantly decreased and testosterone levels were significantly reduced only during the first few days of centrifugation. In more acute experiments, centrifugation at 4.1 G for 4 h resulted in reduced testosterone levels, whereas centrifugation for 15 min did not significantly alter the hormone levels. These results indicate that centrifugation can decrease circulating LH and testosterone levels if the gravitational force is of sufficient magnitude and is maintained for a period of hours. Chronic centrifugation may also inhibit the acute excitatory response of LH to handling and ether stress. PMID- 7353961 TI - Cerebral blood flow during normocapnic hyperoxia in the unanesthetized pony. AB - The effect of hyperoxia on cerebral blood flow (CBF) was examined in 12 unanesthetized ponies. CBF was determined using radioactive microspheres, 15 micrometer in diam, durijng inspriation of the following gases: 1) room air (control); 2) 40% I2 in N2; and 3) approximately 100% O2 with 2.2-4.5% CO2 added to maintain isocapnia. CBF did not change from control values during either level of hyperoxia. However, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) increased during 40% O2 (delta 1.0 Torr) and approximately 100% O2 (delta 2.9 Torr). This rise in CSF PCO2, not due to a change in CBF, may have resulted from a decrease in the CO2 carrying capacity of cerebral venous blood during hyperoxia (Haldane effect). Although respiration did not change during 40% O2, expired minute volume increased 25% during approximately 100% O2 due to an increase in tidal volume. This rise in respiration was not associated with changes in any of the conventional stimuli to breathing (arterial pH, O2 tension, or PCO2 or CSF pH). One possible explanation was that cerebral extracellular fluid pH, in the vicinity of the central chemoreceptors, or cerebral intracellular fluid pH changed in a direction unlike CSF pH. An alternate explanation was that the CO2 in the inspired gas activated CO2-sensitive receptors in the lungs. PMID- 7353962 TI - Voluntary hypohydration in 10- to 12-year-old boys. AB - This study was performed to determine whether a) children voluntarily dehydrate while exercising in hot climate; b) such dehydration affects their well-being and thermoregulation. Eleven 10p to 12-yr old, partially acclimatized boys underwent two work-in-the-heat protocols (cycle rides, 45% aerobic capacity at 39 degrees C, 45% rh). During one session they drank only voluntarily when thirsty (VD). In the other, drinking was forced (FD) to replenish fluid losses. VD induced a progressively increasing fluid loss (0.3% of body wt.h-1) due to insufficient drinking (72% of intake in FD). URinary output was lower (55.7 vs. 81.6 ml.h-1) and its osmolality higher (880 vs. 523 meq.1-1) than during FD. Sweat rate, rectal (Tre) and mean skin (T-sk) temperatures, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, sweat gland counts, blood hemoglobin, hematocrit (Hct), serum electrolytes, and total proteins did not differ between sessions. However, the rise of Tre, Hct, and proteins positively correlated with hypohydration level. It is concluded that exercising children progressively dehydrate when not forced to drink. At equal levels of % weight loss they have greater Tre rise than do lean adults. PMID- 7353963 TI - Catecholamine-fuel interrelationships during exercise in fasting men. AB - Adrenergic response to exercise and the relationships between plasma catecholamines and blood energetic substrates were studied in sedentary men after 15 h of fasting. Subjects pedaled a bicycle ergometer until exhaustion at a work load approximating 80% maximal oxygen consumption. Working ability was diminished by the fast (P less than 0.025). Resting plasma norepinephrine level was increased by fasting. During exercise plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were more elevated in fasting subjects than in fed subjects. Plasma catecholamine (CA) levels in fasting men correlated with blood glucose, blood lactate, and plasma glycerol concentrations. There was no significative correlation between CA and plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels. The increased adrenergic activity in fasting subjects correlated with reduced endurance time. This study emphasizes the role of CA release, probably combined with other hormonal factors, in the mobilization of energy substrates during submaximal exercise. PMID- 7353964 TI - Control of forearm venous volume during exercise and body heating. AB - Subjects ate ice to cool sufficiently to constrict the superficial forearm veins. After ice-eating, esophageal temperature (Tes) recovered from local cooling in 10 15 min, and thereafter reflected body core temperature. Eight skin temperatures (Tsk) were measured, and a weighted mean (Tsk) computed. The left wrist was suspended 5-6 in. above shoulder level, and left forearm skin temperature was maintained at 35 degrees C with a controlled-temperature air stream. Forearm venous volume (FVV) w-s the volume difference between the forearm drained by gravity and the forearm congested by a pneumatic cuff inflated to 32 Torr. Subjects were warmed either by storage of resting metabolic heat or by cycle exercise at 40-45% of maximal O2 consumption. Exercise experiments were conducted in ambient temperatures of 15, 25, and 35 degrees C, and resting experiments in 25 and 35 degrees C. FVV rose linearly with Tes, but during exercise FVV was lower than at the same Tes and Tsk during rest, and the difference was greater at high Tsk and FVV. Our data fit the equation FVV-FVV0 = (a1 Tes + a2 Tsk - b).[1 - phi (W).(Tsk - T-sk0)], where phi (W) is a function of exercise, and phi (W) = 0 at rest. PMID- 7353965 TI - Left ventricular performance characteristics in trained and sedentary dogs. AB - Training effects on left ventricular (LV) performance were studied in 14 dogs. Nine had chronically implanted LV pressure transducers, five dogs had sham operations. Ventriculographic evaluation of LV function was performed initially in all animals. The sham-operated dogs were killed. The remaining nine dogs were divided into an exercise group (n - 5) and a sedentary group (n = 4). The exercise group ran on a treadmill for 10 wk with a progressively more rigorous routine. The trained dogs had a decreased heart rate response to graded exercise after 10 wk. At similar heart rates, LV end-diastolic volume (pre: 30.3 +/- 3.0, post: 41.8 +/- 2.4 ml) increased significantly after training (P less than 0.05), but ejection fraction was unchanged (pre: 0.68 +/- 0.03, post: 0.67 +/- 0.06). Stroke work (pre: 1848 +/- 199 X 103, post: 4968 +/- 168 X 103 dyn-cm, P less than 0.05) also increased after training. In the presence of a tachycardia, peak dP/dt and peak contractile element shortening velocity showed increases after training. No significant changes in LV volumes, pump performance, or contractility indices were found in the sedentary group. Chronic endurance training alters the size, and appears to improve pump performance of the LV. PMID- 7353966 TI - Intercostal muscle reflexes and sleep breathing patterns in the human infant. AB - Breathing variability and apnea characteristic of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was investigated in a newborn infant with complete interruption of intercostal to phrenic neural pathways due to intrapartem transection of the cervical spinal cord. Breath-to-breath variability in inspiratory duration (TI), breath duration (Ttot), tidal volume (VT), and ventilation (VI) was significantly greater in REM than in quiet sleep and was similar to the variability in these parameters seen in normal infants. In addition, brief periods of diaphragmeatic apnea were observed during REM sleep. The phenomenon of shortened TI during airway occlusion previously attributed to intercostal-to-phrenic reflexes was examined in the quadriplegic infant and in seven healthy term infants. The frequency of this response was increased when airway occlusion was delayed until after onset of inspiration. Shortening of TI by occlusion occurred no less frequently in the quadriplegic than in the control infants. The constant paradoxical inward movement of the rib cage during inspiration observed in the quadriplegic infant suggests that supraspinal innervation of intercostal muscle limits such paradoxical movements in the normal infant. The quadriplegic infant's end expiratory volume was consistently above his passive functional residual capacity, as inferred from respiratory volume and pressure measurements. PMID- 7353967 TI - Effect of altered gas diffusivity on alveolar gas exchange-a theoretical study. AB - Experimental studies have established that alveolar gas exchange is inversely relation to the molecular diffusivity of gas in the lung airways. The mechanism underlying this relationship is, however, unclear. To investigate this phenomenon, the conditions relevant to the experimental studies are simulated using a computational model of pulmonary gas transport. Results from these simulations suggest that the inverse relationship found experimentally can largely be explained on the basis of the intra-acinar stratification of blood flow and gas concentrations. Gas having a relatively low molecular diffusivity is not transported as far into the acinus as gas having a higher diffusivity. When these relative intra-acinar gas distributions interact with the blood flow distribution, which has been shown experimentally to be weighted towards the proximal alveoli, more gas exchange occurs in the low molecular diffusivity mixture. Consideration of the various other mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the experimental findings.he inverse dependence suggests that they are of little significance. In particular, our studies remove the need to invoke Taylor diffusion to explain the experimental findings. PMID- 7353968 TI - Echocardiographic left ventricular masses in distance runners and weight lifters. AB - Sixty individuals including 17 competitive weight lifters (CWL), 12 competitive long-distance runners (LDR), 7 amateus (noncompetitive) weight lifters (AWL), 14 heavy controls (HC), and 10 light controls (LC) were studied at supine rest with echocardiographic determination of the left venticular mass (LVM) by the Penn convention. Lean body mass (LBM) was estimated by the Wilmore-Behnke method. The absolute LVM (mean +/- SE) was increased in the two competitive athlete groups compared to controls (LDR: 195 +/- 12; CWL: 190 +/- 10 vs. LC: 122 +/- 10; HC: 151 +/- 9 g). The AWL had a mass (174 +/- 20 g) intermediate between the LDR-CWL and the HC-LC groups. A significant (P = 0.033) correlation of LVM was found with LBM although the correlation coefficient was low (r = 0.276). Normalizing LVM by LBM revealed a significantly higher mass for LDR compared to all other groups but equalized CWL and HC (LDR: 3.2 +/- 0.2; CWL: 2.5 +/- 0.1; AWL: 2.5 +/- 0.2; HC: 2.3 +/- 0.2; LC: 2.0 +/- 0.2 g). These data suggest that training for competitive long-distance running (dynamic training) elevates LVM compared to nonathletic controls and CWL. On the other hand, training for weight lifting (static training) increases absolute LVM but only to the extent that LBM is increased. PMID- 7353969 TI - Mechanism of ozone-induced tachypneic response to hypoxia and hypercapnia in conscious dogs. AB - In seven studies on three dogs exercising on a treadmill (1.6 km/h), we studied the effect of ozone on ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and to hypoxia. After ozone exposure (0.67 +/- 0.02 ppm by vol; 2 h), the responses of minute volume of ventilation (VE) to progressive hypercapnia and hypoxia were not changed, but the breathing pattern in response to these stimuli changed. We analyzed the breathing pattern by plotting the relationship between VE and tidal volume (VT). During progressive hypercapnia, the slope of VE-VT relationship increased from a control value of 36.1 +/- 1.6 (mean +/- SE) to 93.5 +/- 8.9 min-1 after ozone (n = 7, P less than 0.005); during hypoxia, the slope increased from a control value of 46.1 +/- 8.6 to 142.7 +/- 18.3 min-1 after ozone (n = 6, P less than 0.005). The ozone-induced tachypneic responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia were not affected by inhalation of atropine sulfate or isoproterenol aerosols, but were completely abolished by bilateral vagal blockade. These findings indicate an effect of ozone on the vagal receptors located in the airways and lungs that causes reflex tachypnea during hypercapnia and hypoxia. PMID- 7353970 TI - Vascular and airway pressures, and intersititial edema, affect peribronchial fluid pressure. AB - Peribronchial-perivascular fluid pressure (Px(f) was measured relative to pleural pressure in six freshly excised dog lobes. Rapidly equilibrating saline-filled open-end catheters were inserted between lobar bronchus and artery to depths of 3 cm from the hilum. Px(f) was -4 to -8 cmH2O at resting lung volume and became more negative as transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) was increased, and less negative as vascular volume was increased. For example, at constnat Ptp = 30 cmH2O, mean Px(f) rose, respectively, from -35 to -31, -24, -16, and -4 cmH2O, as vascular pressure (Ppa/pv) was increased from -15 to 0, +10, +20, and +30 cmH2O. Lung weight rose steadily at Ppa/pv above 10, reflecting the development of edema. Px(f) had a significant hysteresis with respect to Ptp, being more negative in deflation. As lung edema developed, Px(f) became progressively less negative or slightly positive (even at high Ptp and low Ppa/pv) and hysteresis diminished. Modified wick catheters employed in four additional lobes gave similar results. These data suggest that Px(f) is strongly influenced by bronchovascular parenchymal interdependence, and that when regions with negative Px(f) absorb fluid the negative pressure may be eliminated. PMID- 7353971 TI - A hypodermic needle PO2 electrode. AB - Several glass-covered gold wires (5-10 micrometer diam) connected to an insulated lead wire are embedded with epoxy inside a stainless steel needle (e.g., 25 gauge). The epoxy, glass, and gold wire are carefully ground off down to the bevel of the needle, and the gold wires recessed electrolytically using NaCN. Oxygen tension (PO2) is measured polarographically, usually using a separate Ag Agcl reference electrode. However, the stainless steel needle, connected to the shield of the coaxial lead, can also be used as the reference. The PO2 electrode shows little or no stir sensitivity and has a response time (to 100%) of 1-2 s. PMID- 7353973 TI - Bone CO2-titration curves in acute hypercapnia obtained with a modified titration technique. AB - Bone CO2-titration curves were obtained in mature rats weighing 500-600 g. Animals were exposed for one hour to 1, 3, 5, 10, or 15% CO2 in air. Measurements of bone CO2, were made using a modified titrimetric analysis on fresh and oven dried samples of paired rat femurs. A manometric method was used for comparison. Arterial blood samples were obtained for measurements of partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood (PaCO2). Within the range of environmental CO2 concentrations studied, a linear relationship was observed between the PaCO2 and the increment in fresh bone CO2 content. This relationship is defined by the equation: delta fresh bone CO2 (mmol/kg) = 61.8 +/- 0.68 PaCO2. The CO2 increment was confined to a heat-labile, presumably soluble pool comprising 10.5% of the total bone CO2 content. No change in the water content of the bone was observed as a result of acute CO2 exposure. The results of this study demonstrate the rapid in vivo CO2 uptake of bone in response to exposure to increased CO2 levels. PMID- 7353972 TI - Direct pulmonary vascular responses in the conscious newborn lamb. AB - Electromagnetic flow probes were placed around the right and left pulmonary arteries (RPA and LPA) of nine newborn lambs. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo experiments delineated the accuracy and limitations of this method of flow measurement and the value in vivo of a balloon occlusive zero. Six to nine days after surgery, catheters were placed in the aorta and a branch pulmonary artery permitting simultaneous measurements of RPA and LPA flow, pulmonary arterial pressure, and aortic pressure. Vasoactive agents were injected into one lung, and a shift in blood flow distribution reflected direct active vasoconstruction or vasodilation in that lung. With a normal arterial oxygen tension, acetylcholine had no direct effect on the pulmonary vessels, but indirectly lowered pulmonary resistance via its systemic effects. Histamine was a potent direct pulmonary vasoconstrictor, bradykinin was a weak direct dilator, norepinephrine was a direct constrictor, prostaglandin E1 was a direct dilator, and prostaglandin F2a was a direct constrictor. These results demonstrate the feasibility of isolating the direct pulmonary vascular effects of certain pharmacologic agents using a double pulmonary artery flow probe preparation, agents using a double pulmonary artery flow probe preparation, without the use of anesthetics or extracorporeal perfusion circuits. PMID- 7353974 TI - Smoothing of MEFV curves by digital filtering of flow as a function of volume. AB - Noise in flow records limits the degree to which one can characterize local features of maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves, i.e., the volume dependence of flow over small volume intervals such as 5-10% of the vital capacity. Such noise includes instrument noise, cardiogenic pulsations, and rapid flow oscillations due to audible turbulence. Noise removal by analog filtering of the flow vs. time signal often is unacceptable because the initial rapid onset of flow can be severely distorted. A digital technique for directly filtering the flow vs. volume record that does not distort the initial rapid flow transient has been developed. Flow values are determined at 256 volume points equally spaced over the vital capacity. This sequence of flow values is passed through a linear phase, finite impulse response, Hamming window filter. The output sequence of filtered flow values, plotted against the corresponding volumes, quantitatively retains the local shape features of the MEFV curve without the noise. PMID- 7353975 TI - Forces involved in lobar atelectasis in intact dogs. AB - When an excised lung lobe undergoes atelectasis, its shape differs from that observed when lobar atelectasis occurs in an intact animal: the chest wall deforms the collapsing lobe. In eight anesthetized dogs in the left lateral position we measured lung volume and transpulmonary pressure during the development of atelectasis. We then induced atelectasis of the left lower lobe with the rest of the lung maintained at FRC and measured lobar volume and "translobar" (lobar minus esophageal) pressure. Lung and lobar volumes were measured by prebreathing the animal with 88% O2-12% N2, occluding the airway and observing the increase in lung or lobar N2 concentration. When the left lower lobe alone collapsed, translobar pressures were more negative than transpulmonary pressure at the same relative volume when the whole lung collapsed. This pressure difference, which represents the deforming force applied to the lobe minus the pressure costs of deformation, averaged 3 cmH2O at 50% FRC. Infusion of 25 ml of normal saline into the pleural space sharply reduced the difference pulmonary pressure during lung collapse: this difference was abolished at 80% FRC and halved at 50% FRC. The large effect of the small volume of fluid suggested that deforming forces were largely generated in relatively local areas, such as regions of the chest wall with sharp angulation. PMID- 7353976 TI - Effects of exercising rats during pregnancy. AB - To determine the effects of exercise during pregnancy on the cardiovascular system of their progeny, female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of four groups: 1) trained-nontrained (T-NT) animals who ran for 7 wk at 35 m/min before but not during pregnancy; 2) T-T animals who ran at 35 m/min before and at 32 m/min during pregnancy; 3) control (C) animals who did not exercise; and 4) NT-T animals who only ran (16 m/min) during pregnancy. Significant increases in skeletal muscle cytochrome found between exercised (NT-T, T-T) and nonexercised (C, T-NT) mothers; C animals had significantly lower maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) values than T-T animals at the end of pregnancy. Offspring mortality was greater (P less than 0.05) in the T-T compared with the C group during the 28 days following birth. Maternal exercise had no significant influence on VO2max in the offspring or on myocardial blood flow when these animals were ventilated with either hypoxic (10% O2) or normoxic (21% O2) gases. Right ventricular fiber areas were smaller (P less than 0.05) in T-T and NT-T animals compared with the T-NT group; no significant changes were observed in the left ventricle. Capillary density and fiber-to-capillary ratios were not different in either the right or left ventricle. These results indicate that mild or heavy exercise does not influence VO2max, coronary blood flow in response to stress, or myocardial structure in the male offspring of rats trained during pregnancy. PMID- 7353977 TI - Applied physiology for wheelchair design. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential wheelchair design changes that may reduce operational energy cost and cardiopulmonary responses. Design changes, which were simulated with a wheelchair ergometer, allowed two techniques of hand-rim propulsion: the usual synchronous application of force (sync), and an asynchronous technique where force was applied one hand at a time in a reciprocal fashion (async). Three hand-rim drive ratios were also simulated: low, normal, and high. Combinations of these force application-drive ratio simulations were evaluated at power output (PO) levels of 30 and 60 kpm.min-1. The async-high combination was found to elicit significantly lower (P less than 0.01) gross caloric output, pulmonary ventilation, and heart rate values, and provide the greatest advantage over conventional sync-normal operation at both PO levels. It appeared that async propulsion and high drive ratio resulted in less wasted movements. Although the async-high combination was superior under these test conditions, other combinations may be necessary to better match various locomotive tasks to individuals of different capabilities. PMID- 7353978 TI - Frequency dependence of dynamic compliance analyzed from one cycle of breathing. AB - An analytical method for testing frequency dependence of dynamic compliance (Cdyn) from a Fourier-series analysis of flow and transpulmonary pressure in a single cycle of breathing was described and compared to the conventional method in an electrical model, in excised dog lobes and in human subjects. In the electrical model, the frequency dependence of Cdyn in the Fourier method corresponded exactly with the theoretical frequency dependence of Cdyn. A frequency dependence of Cdyn was evaluated by a ratio of Cdyn at 1 Hz to Cdyn at zero frequency, C1Hz/CoHz, from the regression line between Cdyn and the frequency in excised dog lobes and human subjects. In healthy nonsmokers, C1Hz/CoHz was significantly smaller in the Fourier method than in the conventional method. The discrepancy of frequency dependence of Cdyn between the two methods was thought to be possibly due to the effects of the nonsinusoidal breathing pattern on the conventional method, and due to the effects of a volume dependent compliance on the Fourier method. PMID- 7353979 TI - Medullary respiratory neuron activity: relationship to tonic and phasic REM sleep. AB - This study analyzes the relationship of brain stem respiratory neuron activity to the tonic and phasic events of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Dorsal and ventral medullary respiratory neurons were recorded in sleeping cats. Discharges of inspiratory and expiratory cells increased in number and frequency with increases in pontogeniculooccipital (PGO) spiking (phasic REM activity). Across neurons the correlations between PGO wave frequency and respiratory neuron activity were positively related to the discharge levels of the neurons: the more active the cell, the greater the relationship to PGO activity. Tonic REM influences on respiratory neurons were calculated by extrapolating from the regression line relating PGO frequency and neuron activity to the hypothetical state of no PGO activity. These calculated levels, when compared to non-REM sleep levels, showed that tonic REM mechanisms reduced the activity of some neurons and activated others. Ventral medullary respiratory activity generally was decreased during tonic rem, whereas dorsal respiratory group cells were variously activated and inactivated. These results demonstrate an association of brain stem respiratory activity to nonrespiratory REM sleep variables. PMID- 7353980 TI - Vital capacity, exercise performance, and blood gases at altitude as related to age. AB - Vital capacity (VC) rarely may decrease 35-60% in healthy mountain climbers associated with high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). In the age range 58-71 yr, five of six men during a week or more on White Mt. in 1962 had decreases in VC from 20 to 32% without frank symptoms of HAPE, Dill, one of the five, had decreases in VC again on White Mt. in 1977 and 1978. Yet none of 11 young climbers on White Mt. studied by Hultgren (personal communication) had a significant decrease in VC. Dill's arterial O2 saturation at age 87 at 485 Torr was about 79% in rest and 74% when VO2 was 0.74 ml/min.kg. His aerobic capacity at age 87 yr was 18 ml/min.kg at 695 Torr and 15 at 485 Torr. PMID- 7353981 TI - Exercise thermoregulation after 14 days of bed rest. AB - Rectal (Tre) and mean skin (Tsk) temperatures and sweating responses were measured during 70-min submaximal supine exercise (relative VO2 43-48%) in seven men (19-22 yr) during an ambulatory-control (AC) period and after three 2-wk bed rest (BR) periods separated by 3-wk ambulatory recovery periods. During each of the three BR periods they performed isometric exercises (IME) or isotonic exercises (ITE) for 1 h/day or no prescribed exercise (NOE). Mean basal oral temperature decreased from 36.0 to 35.7 degrees C in the last 10 days of the control-recovery periods, but it varied between 35.7 and 35.9 degrees C during BR. In the exercise-temperature test the equilibrium level of Tre for the IME (37.92 degrees C) and NOE (37.75 degrees C) regimens were higher (P less than 0.05) than the AC level of 37.51 degrees C. Mean skin temperatures with the IME and ITE regimens increased by only 0.4 degrees C during exercise, and both equilibrium Tsk values, 31.98 degrees C and 31.87 degrees C, respectively, were lower (P less than 0.05) than the AC values of 32.71 degrees C. There were no significant differences between any of the sweat rates (range, 438-565 g/h) in the four experiments, but calculated skin heat conductances (Hsk) correlated +0.86 with equilibrium levels of Tsk. It was concluded that the excessive increase in Tre during submaximal exercise following BR deconditioning could be influenced by changes in Hsk, but inhibition of sweating may also be a factor. PMID- 7353982 TI - Postural effects on lung volumes and asynchronous ventilation in anesthetized horses. AB - Quasi-static pressure-volume curves and single-breath nitrogen washouts were performed simultaneously on eight anesthetized horses (average body wt = 485 kg) in left lateral, right lateral, prone, and supine postures (sequence randomized). The shift from prone to lateral or supine posture decreased expiratory reserve volume (ERV), vital capacity (VC), residual volume (RV), functional residual capacity (FRC), and total lung capacity (TLC); RV and FRC expressed as %TLC were unchanged, suggesting that in the lateral and supine postures a significant portion of the lung volume was not recruited by VC maneuvers. Phase III slope increased from 0.13 %N2/l in prone horses to 0.34 %N2/l in the lateral and supine positions. The onset of phase IV was not significantly different from FRC in the prone or laterally recombent animal, but exceeded FRC in the supine horse. The sequence of body positions had no effect on any of our results indicating that all changes in lung volumes and regional asynchronous ventilation c;n be reversed by placing the horse in the prone posture. The reduction in lung volume and increased asynchronous ventilation in the lateral and supine horse suggests that impaired gas exchange in anesthetized horses is predominantly related to posture, and not general anesthesia. PMID- 7353983 TI - Fluid therapy in small animal practice. PMID- 7353984 TI - ECG of the month: ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7353985 TI - Seasonal influence on estrous activity in sows and gilts. AB - Seasonal fluctuations in the estrous activity of sows after weaning and of sows and gilts after mating were determined by analysis of breeding records from eight swine herds covering a total of 19 herd-years of data. Of 11,461 sows, 78.4% were in estrus within 7 days after weaning. From July through September, 68.6% of sows returned to estrus within 7 days after weaning, compared with 82.0% during the remaining 9 months of the year. An increase in postweaning anestrus of more than 30 days' duration also occurred during summer months. Seasonal fluctuations in the frequency of postweaning estrus were similar for sows moved from farrowing facilities to environments with or without specialized temperature control features. For sows confined to crates after weaning, the rate of postweaning return to estrus was 10.4% greater than for sows in group-housing systems, but the seasonal pattern in postweaning return to estrus was not altered. Postweaning estrous failure was more obvious in primiparous sows than in multiparous sows, especially during summer and fall. The frequency of delayed return to estrus after infertile mating was 63.7% for matings during the period July through September and 29.7% for the period January through March. It was concluded that postweaning and postservice estrous activities in swine are influenced by season of the year and by parity. Group housing of sows or individual crating of sows, and water sprinkling or evaporative cooling systems in the postweaning breeding area, as used in the herds investigated, appear to be of questionable value in preventing estrous failure during summer and fall months. PMID- 7353986 TI - Leptospirosis in lambs. AB - Two major episodes of acute hemolytic disease in lambs were associated with high mortality. Clinical signs were severe depression, dyspnea, and tachycardia. Gross postmortem findings included hemoglobinuria and icterus. Histologic examination revealed tubular necrosis and periacinar hepatocellular necrosis. Leptospira interrogans serotype pomona was proposed as the causative agent because high serum antibody titers for this bacterium were found in lambs and ewes in the affected flocks. PMID- 7353987 TI - Strongyloides stercoralis-like infection in a dog. AB - Helminths similar to Strongyloides stercoralis were recovered from the jejunum and ileum of a 6-month-old Boston Terrier that was shedding unusually large eggs, both unembryonated and embryonated, as well as first-stage larvae in fresh feces. Clinical signs included stunting, mucoid and blood-flecked feces, radiographic evidence of diffuse interstitial pulmonary infiltrate, focal dermatitis, and anemia. Decreased intestinal absorption of carbohydrate was found by means of the oral glucose and oral lactose tolerance tests. Serum protein and calcium values were decreased. At necropsy, histopathologic findings included uneven crypt hyperplasia and mild inflammation in the ileum and jejunum, diffuse interstitial pulmonary inflammation, Kupffer's cell hyperplasia in the liver, and generalized lymph node hyperplasia. PMID- 7353988 TI - Tranquilizer dart injury in a dog. PMID- 7353989 TI - Hemophilia B (factor IX deficiency) in an Old English Sheepdog. PMID- 7353990 TI - Pet ownership in rural Northern California (El Dorado County). AB - Demographic and economic aspects of pet ownership were studied in 488 households in El Dorado County, California, from May to July 1971. About 60% of households owned dogs or cats, and pet ownership was most prevalent (75%) in two small residential communities in the western end of the county. Among dogs, Poodle and German Shepherd Dog were the most popular breeds; about 36% of the females in the sample were spayed, but only 6% of the males were castrated. Approximately one third of all cats had been neutered. Reported use of veterinary services was higher for dogs (79%) than for cats (53%). The results of the survey indicated pet ownership is most likely to be found in households with children, where the head of household is employed, generally confirming findings from earlier surveys in Yolo, Alameda, and Contra Costa Counties (all in northern California) and later surveys in Champaign County, Illinois, and Garland, Tex. Some community health findings were included for El Dorado County and nearby Yolo County. In these two counties, cancer was reported more frequently by adults without pets (3.9% of those greater than or equal to 65 years old) than by pet owners (1.8% of those greater than or equal to 65 years old). Among children less than 5 years old, "frequent diarrhea" was reported more commonly in homes without pets (9.5% vs 2.6%; P less than 0.01). On the other hand, pet-owning adults, 16 to 64 years of age, living in rural areas or areas with generally lower than average incomes reported "frequent headaches" (21%) more frequently than did adults without pets (17%; P less than 0.025%) who resided in the same areas. PMID- 7353991 TI - Prices of related goods and services influence demand for veterinary services. PMID- 7353993 TI - Origin of the Australian shepherd dog (German collie) PMID- 7353992 TI - Space-occupying mass in the area of the urinary bladder. PMID- 7353994 TI - Animal disease research support continues. PMID- 7353995 TI - Testing legislation dead for now. PMID- 7353996 TI - Modernizing meat inspection. PMID- 7353997 TI - Transposition of Tn904 encoding streptomycin resistance into the octopine Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. AB - A transfer-deficient derivative of plasmid RP1-pMG1 was isolated after insertion of Mu cts62. The Tra- R plasmid was used to donate Tn904, encoding streptomycin resistance, to Ti plasmid pAL102 harbored by Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ach5. Under conditions promoting high Ti transfer frequencies, 155 strains were isolated in which the streptomycin marker coupled with Ti plasmid in further transfer experiments. These isolates represent stable insertions of Tn904 into the Ti plasmid. In addition, 19 strains were isolated in which the insertion of Tn904 was apparently unstable. The frequency of stable Tn904 transpositions was estimated to be 3 x 10(4-) per transferred Ti plasmid. Evidence was obtained that Tn904 readily may transpose from the Ti plasmid into the bacterial chromosome. The strains carrying Ti plasmids with stable insertions were characterized with respect to virulence, octopine degradation, octopine synthesis in induced tumors, and Ti plasmid transfer. Thirteen of the strains were found to be affected in tumor-inducing ability. PMID- 7353998 TI - Physiological control of phosphorylation ribosomal protein S6 in Mucor racemosus. AB - The level of phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 increased with accelerating rates of growth and protein synthesis in Mucor racemosus. Lowered levels of phosphorylation were seen under conditions of metabolic shift-down or the onset of stationary phase, and no phosphorylation was detected in sporangiospores. Changing metabolic states, changing intracellular levels of adenosine triphosphatase, and the level of phosphorylation of protein S6 were correlated in M. racemosus. PMID- 7353999 TI - Differential membrane phospholipid synthesis during the cell cycle of Caulobacter crescentus. AB - The pattern of phospholipid synthesis during the cell cycle of Caulobacter crescentus has been determined. Although the phospholipid composition of swarmer and stalked cells was indistinguishable in continuously labeled cultures if the two cell types were pulse-labeled for a short time period, marked differences in the pattern of phospholipid synthesis were detected. Pulse-labeled swarmer cells exhibited a higher proportion of phosphatidic acid and a lower proportion of phosphatidylglycerol. In addition, minor phospholipids were detected in the swarmer cells that were not detected in stalked cells. Stalked cells that developed directly from swarmer cells showed that same phospholipid profile as the swarmer cells. The switch to the second phospholipid profile was observed to occur at the predivisional cell stage. Because cell division then yielded a swarmer cell with a different phospholipid profile than its sibling stalked cell, the cell division process may trigger a mechanism which alters the pattern of phospholipid synthesis. PMID- 7354000 TI - Bioconversion of m-hydroxybenzoate to 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate by mutants of Pseudomonas testosteroni. AB - Mutans of Pseudomonas testosteroni were isolated for their inability to grow on m hydroxybenzoate as sole carbon source. These mutants hydroxylated m hydroxybenzoate for form 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate in high yeilds. The bioconversion described in this report represents the first reported example of 3 hydroxybenzoate 2-hydroxylase activity. PMID- 7354001 TI - Amphotericin B-induced changes in K+ content, viability, and ultrastructure of yeast-phase Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - Yeast-phase cells of Histoplasma capsulatum were challenged with amphotericin B, and membrane perturbation was monitored by K+ efflux. Suspensions of washed cells readily absorbed about 1.12 microgram of amphotericin B per mg (dry weight) and further nonspecific sites were also apparent. The dose-response curve for initial rate of K+ efflux was sigmoidal within the range 0.1 to 1.0 microgram of amphotericin B per ml. A fungistatic concentration of amphotericin B (0.3 microgram/ml) evoked an efflux of 85 to 90% K+ from the cells within 15 min, but cell viability decreased only 13% (yeast phase) or 33% (transformed to mycelial units). Ultrastructural changes in treated cells were detected within 5 min, and the hallmark was expansion of vacuoles during the 1-h monitoring period. In contradistinction to a previous report, the appearance of the protoplasmic membrane was not altered by fungistatic concentration. When treated cells were returned to a fresh growth medium, there was a pronounced lag (20 h). During this apparent recovery phase, the large vacuoles fragmented and returned to normal size. It is proposed that vacuoles of H. capsulatum act as a spatial buffer of considerable survival value to stressed cells. PMID- 7354002 TI - Involvement of periplasmic fibrils in motility of spirochetes. AB - Nonmotile (Mot-) strains of Spirochaeta aurantia and Spirochaeta halophila were isolated with a procedure involving mutagenesis of motile wild-type cells. Electron microscopy showed that a Mot- mutant strain of S. halophia possessed incomplete periplasmic fibrils, inasmuch as most or all of the filamentous portion of the periplasmic fibrils was absent. Some of the cells of this Mot-, fibril-defective mutant strain lacked the filamentous portion of the periplasmic fibrils and formed proximal hooks, whereas other cells appeared to have a very small segment of the filamentous portion of the periplasmic fibrils attached to the proximal hooks. Motile revertants were isolated repeatedly from cultures of the Mot-, fibril-defective mutant and from S. halophila Mot- mutants that completely lacked periplasmic fibrils. The motile revertants possessed periplasmic fibrils ultrastructurally indistinguishable from wild-type periplasmic fibrils. This study indicates that periplasmic fibrils play an essential role in the motility of spirochetes. PMID- 7354003 TI - Iron storage in Mycoplasma capricolum. AB - Considerable quantities or iron were incorporated into the Mycoplasma capricolum cell membrane. Mossbauer studies showed that the iron is in a form which becomes magnetically ordered at low temperatures. The iron-enriched cells contained membrane-bound electron-dense particles of about 6.0 nm in diameter. PMID- 7354004 TI - Influence of growth conditions on glycine reductase of Clostridium sporogenes. AB - Cells of Clostridium sporogenes were deficient in glycine reductase activity when grown in a rich medium containing 40 mM each of exogenously added pyruvate and proline or hydroxyproline. These cells lacked the selenoprotein and at least one more protein of the glycine reductase system. Proline or hydroxyproline in the medium also influenced the uptake of glycine by the cells. PMID- 7354006 TI - Carbon monoxide:methylene blue oxidoreductase from Pseudomonas carboxydovorans. AB - The enzyme carbon monoxide:methylene blue oxidoreductase from CO autotrophically grown cells of Pseudomonas carboxydovorans strain OM5, was purified to homogeneity. The enzyme was obtained in 26% yield and was purified 36-fold. The enzyme was stable for at least 6 days, had a molecular weight of 230,000, gave a single protein and activity band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and was homogeneous by the criterion of sedimentation equilibrium. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis revealed a single band of molecular weight 107,000. Carbon monoxide:methylene blue oxidoreductase did not catalyze reduction of pyridine or flavin nucleotides but catalyzed the oxidation of CO to CO2 in the presence of methylene blue, thionine, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, or pyocyanine under strictly anaerobic conditions. The visible spectrum revealed maxima at 405 and 470 nm. The millimolar extinction coefficients were 43.9 (405 nm) and 395.5 (275 nm), respectively. Absorption at 470 nm decreased in the presence of dithionite, and the spectrum was not affected by the substrate CO. Maximum reaction rates were found at pH 7.0 and 63 degrees C; temperature dependence followed the Arrhenius equation, with an activation energy (delta H degree) of 36.8 kJ/mol (8.8 kcal/mol). The apparent Km was 53 microM for CO. The purified enzyme was incapable of oxidizing methane, methanol, or formaldehyde in the presence of methylene blue as electron acceptor. PMID- 7354005 TI - Cysteine transport and sulfite reductase activity in a germination-defective mutant of Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - A mutant of the dimorphic, zoopathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, defective in the ability of its blastospores to germinate, was used to show that the nutritional requirement for cysteine and the expression of sulfite reductase activity are temperature dependent and not related to the growth form the fungus, whereas the kinetics of cysteine transport depend on both temperature and the form of the fungus. PMID- 7354008 TI - Holistic health: no stranger to psychiatry. PMID- 7354007 TI - Four proteins synthesized in response to deoxyribonucleic acid damage in Micrococcus radiodurans. AB - Four proteins, alpha beta, gamma, and delta, preferentially synthesized in ultraviolet light-treated cells of Micrococcus radiodurans, were characterized in terms of their molecular weights and isoelectric points. Within the sublethal dose range, the differential rate of synthesis for these proteins increased linearly with the inducing UV dose. The degree of induction reached 100-fold, and the most abundant protein beta, amounted to approximately 2% of the total newly synthesized protein after irradiation. Damage caused by ionizing radiation or by treatment with mitomycin C also provoked the synthesis of the four proteins. The proportions between the individual proteins, however, varied strikingly with the damaging agent. In contrast to treatments which introduced damage in the cellular deoxyribonucleic acid, the mere arrest of deoxyribonucleic acid replication, caused by nalidixic acid or by starvation for thymine, failed to elicit the synthesis of either protein. Repair of deoxyribonucleic acid damage requires that a number of versatile and efficient processes by employed. It is proposed that the induced proteins participate in deoxyribonucleic acid repair in M. radiodurans. Mechanisms are discussed which would allow a differentiated cellular response to damages of sufficiently distinctive nature. PMID- 7354009 TI - Childhood hyperactivity in an adult psychiatric population: social factors. AB - Social factors in 48 adult patients who as children had had hyperactive child syndrome (HACS) were compared with those of 48 patients matched for age, sex and financial status who had never been hyperactive (non-HACS). The fathers of the HACS patients had been employed in lower work classifications; divorce was somewhat more common in HACS parents when the subjects were under 5 years of age. As adults, HACS patients had less education, lower work status and a higher rate of violence and legal problems. This group's greater adult social disability may result from a failure of parental control rather than a direct effect of their childhood hyperactivity. PMID- 7354010 TI - An olfactory reference syndrome -- monosymptomatic hypochondriasis. AB - Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal syndromes have received little attention in the American psychiatric literature. A 5 year follow-up of a patient, who had originally sought treatment after experiencing an olfactory reference syndrome for 4 years, revealed diagnostic stability and no change in symptoms. The case is discussed in reference to the foreign literature on these states which appear to be distinct from schizophrenic or affective disorders. PMID- 7354011 TI - Long-term adverse effects of brief marijuana usage. AB - Marijuana is known to produce a number of short-lived side effects as well as longer lasting adverse effects resulting from chronic usage. The author wishes to draw attention to the occurrence of long lasting adverse effects which appear to be brought on by one-time usage of marijuana. The author has seen several such cases, 2 of which are presented here. These individuals were functioning well in the presence of mild to moderate psychopathology prior to using marijuana. Subsequently they functioned on a lower level for at least several months and the degree of psychopathology noted was greater. PMID- 7354014 TI - EEG--monitored ECT. PMID- 7354013 TI - Withdrawal symptoms during the course of imipramine therapy. AB - The authors describe 2 cases in which withdrawal symptoms occurred during the course of imipramine therapy, after the patients had failed to take a single daily dose of medication. They note that similar withdrawal symptoms have been noted upon discontinuation of imipramine and its derivatives desipramine and chlorimipramine, but have not--with one exception--been reported in association with other tricyclics. PMID- 7354012 TI - Possible lack of anticholinergic effects with mianserin: a pilot study. AB - Anticholinergic effects of mianserin, a new tetracyclic antidepressant, were studied in 5 depressed patients. Prior to and after 1 and 2 hours of the administration of 30 mg of mianserin salivary flow, pupilary response to light and palpebral fissure were measured. Analysis of data revealed a statistically significant increase in salivary flow and a statistically significant decrease in pupil diameter. There was no change in palpebral fissure size. Possible clinical implications of these findings will be discussed. PMID- 7354015 TI - Lack of anticholinergic side effects with a new antidepressent--trazodone. AB - An analysis was made of the occurrence of anticholinergic side effects in 15 multicenter studies of 379 patients with endogenous depression who received either trazodone, imipramine, or placebo. The incidence of 4 anticholinergic side effects was examined: dry mouth, blurred vision, bowel movement disturbance, and delayed urine flow. When the number of patients having each of the 4 symptoms was compared, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of side effects between the trazodone and placebo groups. However, comparisons between trazodone and imipramine indicated the incidence of side effects was significantly lower in the trazodone group. PMID- 7354016 TI - Haloperidol and thiothixene in the long-term treatment of chronic schizophrenic outpatients in an urban community: social and vocational adjustment. PMID- 7354017 TI - Racing thoughts in depressed patients. PMID- 7354018 TI - Victims of terrorism. PMID- 7354019 TI - Mania misdiagnosed as schizophrenia. AB - The charts of 50 patients diagnosed manic on an index admission were reviewed for a previous diagnosis of schizophrenia. Fifty-six per cent of the patients previously ill had been previously misdiagnosed as schizophrenic. During these "schizophrenic" admissions, patients demonstrated a preponderance of affective (manic) symptoms. Irritability was noted much more commonly than euphoria during these admissions. This coupled with the high rate of psychotic symptoms (78%) during the "schizophrenic" admission were likely important reasons for misdiagnosis. PMID- 7354020 TI - Prediction of long-term outcome from presenting symptoms in schizophrenia. AB - The relationship between presenting psychopathological features and long-term outcome, in an incidence by first admission group of 43 schizophrenic patients from northern Alberta, followed up 14 years later, is examined. The symptoms examined for predictive ability were those on the New Haven Schizophrenia Index. Outcome was assessed on scales reflecting economic, social and psychiatric adjustment, summed for a combined score. Multiple regression analyses of the presenting NHSI symptoms to the outcome measures showed correlations of .60-.66, thus explaining statistically about 40% of the outcome variance. PMID- 7354021 TI - Case 2: Behavioral changes with temporal lobe epilepsy: assessment and treatment. PMID- 7354022 TI - Circumcision and schizophrenia. AB - Two cases of paranoid schizophrenia associated with elective circumcision are presented. In both cases the request for circumcision came after a psychotic process was in progress. The author discusses these cases with regards to previous literature about the meaning of circumcision. Surgeons should be aware of the motivation in the request for these procedures. PMID- 7354024 TI - The structure of the asparagine-linked carbohydrate unit of rat alpha lactalbumin. AB - Rat alpha-lactalbumin is unique in contrast to alpha-lactalbumin isolated from other species in that it exists in three charge forms. Each form contains carbohydrate and is active in the lactose synthetase reaction. Form II comprises about 80% of the total alpha-lactalbumin and contains a single heteropolysaccharide unit which is attached to the polypeptide chain at Asn45. The detailed structure of this unit was ascertained using specific exoglycosidases, endoglycosidases, and methylation analysis. The following structure is proposed for the heteropolysaccharide unit: (formula: see text). PMID- 7354025 TI - State of spectrin phosphorylation does not affect erythrocyte shape or spectrin binding to erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 7354023 TI - Purification and properties of human coagulation factor VII. AB - Blood coagulation Factor VII was purified 100,000-fold from fresh frozen human plasma to apparent homogeneity with a yield of 30% based on coagulation assay. The molecular weight estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 48,000. Factor VII is composed of a single polypeptide chain with the NH2-terminal sequence Ala-Asn-Ala-Phe-Leu-(Gla)-(Gla)-Leu-(Arg)-Pro. It is converted to a two-chain form (Factor VIIa) connected by disulfide bonds by the action of Factor Xa, in the presence of phospholipids and calcium, and by Factor XIIa without additional cofactors. This conversion is associated with a 20 to 25-fold increase in coagulation assay activity. Factors VII and VIIa were inhibited by 15 mM diisopropyl fluorophosphate with 50% inactivation in 160 and 60 min, respectively. The presence of tissue factor and CaCl2 accelerated the inactivation by approximated 5-fold. Neither Factor VII nor VIIa were inhibited by antithrombin III in the absence of heparin. However, with the addition of heparin, Factor VIIa was inhibited at a rate approximately 25 times that of Factor VII. PMID- 7354026 TI - Chloroplast biogenesis. Detection of divinyl protochlorophyllide in higher plants. AB - It is shown that the protochlorophyllide pool of etiolated higher plants is made up of both monovinyl and divinyl protochlorophyllide. Although the two pigments exhibited similar emission maxima, they were distinguishable by their Soret excitation maxima, which were found at 436 to 437 and 443 to 444 nm, respectively, in ether at 77 K. The two pigments were partially separated on thin layers of polyethylene. They were shown to be accompanied by two unknown fluorescent compounds. The latter were designated compound (E451 F626) and compound (E453 F640) where E refers to the Soret excitation maxima and F to the fluorescence emission maxima of the two unknown compounds. Furthermore, it was shown under several different growth conditions that divinyl protochlorophyllide constituted the major component of the protochlorophyllide pool. PMID- 7354027 TI - Lipid domains in membranes. Evidence derived from structural perturbations induced by free fatty acids and lifetime heterogeneity analysis. PMID- 7354028 TI - Changes in phosphatidylinositol metabolism during differentiation of lens epithelial cells into lens fiber cells in the embryonic chick. AB - During the development and growth of the lens, lens epithelial cells differentiate to form lens fiber cells. The present study investigates phosphatidylinositol metabolism in these two lens cell populations in the 6-day old embryonic chick in vivo, to determine whether changes in the metabolism of this phospholipid are associated with lens fiber differentiation. [32P]Orthophosphate was injected into the embryos in ovo, and the incorporation of label into phosphatidylinositol in the lens epithelia and lens fiber masses was followed for 42 h. The time course of the specific activity of the gamma-PO4 of ATP was also determined during this time period, and was shown to be approximately equal to the specific activity of CDP-diacylglycerol, the immediate precursor of phosphatidylinositol. Analysis of the data by means of a simple kinetic model yielded a value of about 2 x 10(-9) pmol/s/cell for the rate of phosphatidylinositol synthesis in the lens epithelial cells, and 6.4 x 10(-9) pmol/s/cell in the lens fiber cells; the corresponding half-lives of phosphatidylinositol were 5 h and 63 h in the epithelial cells and fiber cells, respectively. Thus, lens fiber formation in the 6-day-old embryonic chick is associated with increased synthesis and decreased turnover of phosphatidylinositol. This is the first report of changes in phosphatidylinositol metabolism associated with cell differentiation during embryonic development. PMID- 7354029 TI - Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Equilibrium studies of the tryptophan binding to the ferric, ferrous, and CO-bound enzymes. PMID- 7354030 TI - Age-related changes in physical and chemical properties of proteoglycans synthesized by costal and matrix-induced cartilages in the rat. PMID- 7354031 TI - Molecular and functional anomalies in the mechanism of the estrogenic action of 4 mercuri-17 beta-estradiol. PMID- 7354032 TI - In vitro synthesis and characterization of precursors to the mouse major urinary proteins. PMID- 7354033 TI - Evidence for an essential hydrophobic domain in the maintenance of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity. Site-specific binding and inactivation by 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate. AB - 1-Anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) binds to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase with subsequent rapid inactivation. Kinetics are saturating, with an enzyme half life of 0.29 min at 4 x 10(-4) M ANS. IDP, GDP, and phosphoenolpyruvate protect against the inactivation. The enzyme is not covalently modified and it retains an affinity for protecting substrates and substrate analogs, with the exception of oxalate. Binding of ANS occurs in a hydrophobic environment, as suggested by the changes in fluorescence emission, and is markedly pH-dependent, leading to more rapid inactivation at acid pH. Inactivation by ANS differs in this respect from inactivation by N-(iodoacetylaminoethyl)-5-naphthylamine-1-sulfonate which affinity labels the enzyme (Silverstein, R., Rawitch, A.B., and Grainger, D.A. (1979) Biochem. Biophys. Res Commun. 87, 911-918). Though the mechanism by which ANS inactivates the enzyme is unclear, the effect is atypical in that ANS binding does not normally lead to irreversible inactivation. PMID- 7354034 TI - Studies on the enhanced interaction of halodeoxyuridine-substituted DNAs with H1 histones and other polypeptides. PMID- 7354035 TI - Coenzyme A is required for rat liver fatty acid synthetase activity. AB - Inhibition of highly purified rat liver fatty acid synthetase occurs when it is assayed in the presence of the ATP citrate lyase reaction components. Citrate, Mg2+, ATP, and ATP citrate lyase were all necessary for the inhibition to take place. Inhibition was prevented by hydroxycitrate, a competitive inhibitor for ATP citrate lyase. The length of time for the onset of inhibition to take place was proportional to the ratio of ATP citrate lyase activity to the fatty acid synthetase activity. The inhibition was reversed by the addition of coenzyme A. This indicates a reaction mechanism for fatty acid synthetase which involves free coenzyme A. Two possible roles for CoA are discussed, one as an allosteric activator and the other in the cleavage of palmitoyl enzyme in the last step of the reaction. PMID- 7354036 TI - Photodehalogenation of 7- and 8-halogen-substituted flavins. Photochemistry of the reduced flavin chromophore. AB - Flavodoxin was reconstituted with 8-chloro- and 7-bromo-FMN and p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase with the analogous FAD derivatives. In all cases, the spectral properties of the artificial enzymes changed as a result of photoreduction in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetate or oxalate as sources of reducing equivalents. The same changes were found to occur on irradiation of the enzymes which had been reduced previously in the dark under anaerobic conditions with dithionite. Using analogous 7- and 8-chlorolumiflavins, the observed changes were shown to be due to a novel photoreaction of the reduced flavin chromophore, in which either the 7- or 8-halogen substituent is eliminated and replaced by a proton derived from the solvent. The same reaction was shown to occur with 7,8 bis-norlumiflavin where 1 deuterium atom was incorporated into the molecule as a result of photoirradiation of the reduced flavin in deuterated medium. In the case of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase, both the 8-chloro-FAD and 7-bromo-FAD enzymes, as well as their 8-nor-FAD and 7-nor-FAD photoproducts, possessed catalytic activity comparable to that of the native enzyme. PMID- 7354037 TI - Reactivity of the amino groups of carbonmonoxyhemoglobin S with glyceraldehyde. AB - The inhibition of erythrocyte sickling in vitro by glyceraldehyde has been shown previously to result from a reduced gelation of deoxyhemoglobin S. Accordingly, the sites of Schiff base formation of the sugar aldehyde with hemoglobin have been determined by peptide of the protein after treatment of CO-saturated sickle cells with 10 mM [14C]glyceraldehyde for 90 min and reduction with NaBH4. About 23% of the glyceraldehyde incorporated into hemoglobin was present at Val-1(beta) with very little present at Val-1(alpha) (less than 5%. The distribution of [14C]glyceraldehyde between the hemoglobin chains was 60% in the beta chains and 40% in the alpha chains. The reactive lysine residues of the beta chain were Lys 82, Lys-59, and Lys-120 (45%, 20%, and 16% of the total 14C in the beta chains, respectively). The most reactive lysine residue of the alpha chain was Lys-16 where 75% of the total [14C]glyceraldehyde was present. The limited number of sites reactive with glyceraldehyde indicate some type of selectivity in the reaction of sugar aldehydes with hemoglobin. PMID- 7354038 TI - Metal ion specificity of the conversion of bovine factors IX, IX alpha, and IXa alpha to bovine factor IXa beta. PMID- 7354039 TI - Determination of the mitochondrial protonmotive force in isolated hepatocytes. AB - The intracellular distribution of lipophilic ions and weak acids and bases was studied in intact hepatocytes as indicators of gradients of pH and membrane potential. Mitochondrial and plasma membrane potentials of 161 and 32.8 mV (negative inside), respectively, were calculated from the intracellular accumulation of triphenylmethylphosphonium (TPMP+) and thiocyanate in the intact hepatocyte, assuming a two-compartment model. The predominantly mitochondrial localization of TPMP+ was confirmed using disruption procedures that selectively break the plasma membrane but not the mitochondrial membrane. The intracellular distribution of 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione and methylamine was studied with similar techniques. A cytosolic pH of 6.95 to 7.00 and a mitochondrial delta pH of 0.97 units was observed. From these results, a total mitochondrial protonmotive force in the intact cell in excess of -200 mV was obtained. PMID- 7354040 TI - Purification and properties of NADH-cytochrome o Reductase from vitreoscilla. PMID- 7354041 TI - Stereochemistry of the side chain oxidation of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-triol in man. AB - Previous in vitro studies have shown that the oxidation of the side chain of bile acid precursors can start with either microsomal or mitochondrial enzyme systems. The microsomal system oxidizes the terminal methyl group (C-26) of the side chain that originates from C-2 of mevalonic acid, and the mitochondrial system oxidizes the terminal methyl group (C-27) derived from C'-3 of mevalonic acid. We administered [2-14C]-mevalonic acid to a patient with a complete bile fistula and isolated from the bile 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy[1,7,15,22,26-14C]5 beta-cholestanoic acid, a precursor in the synthesis of cholic acid which has undergone partial oxidation of the side chain. This compound was chemically decarboxylated and the liberated CO2 was trapped and counted. The recovery from control experiments using [24-14C]cholic acid was 82.6 +/- 2.3% (+/- 1 S.D.). However, following decarboxylation of 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy[14C5]5 beta-cholestanoic acid, only 7.5 +/- 0.58% (+/- S.D.) of the C-26 radioactivity was recovered. This study suggests that the major pathway of side chain oxidation of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-triol starts with hydroxylation of the methyl group derived from C'-3 of mevalonate (C-27) by mitochondrial enzymes. It is also concluded that the 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta cholestan-27-oic acid formed in man has the R configuration at carbon 25. PMID- 7354042 TI - The effects of amino acid starvation on regulation of polypeptide chain initiation in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - The ratio of initiation of protein synthesis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in culture is reduced by over 60% in the absence of a single essential amino acid. Cell-free extracts prepared from control and amino acid-starved cells retain some of the translational characteristics of these cells and are able to form [40 S.Met-tRNAfMet] initiation complexes. Studies with inhibitors show that up to 63% of the translation directed by endogenous mRNAs in vitro depends on reinitiation of polypeptide chains. Amino acid starvation inhibits this activity, as well as protein synthesis due to in vitro polysomal run-off, by up to 75%. Analysis of [40 S.Met-tRNAfMet]initiation complexes formed in vitro on native 40 S subunits shows that amino acid starvation causes up to a 77% decrease in the concentration of these complexes relative to the corresponding fed controls. This difference is eliminated by the addition of highly purified eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-2. Factor eIF-3 also stimulates [40 S.Met-tRNAfMet] formation in the cell extracts but does not abolish the difference between fed and starved preparations. Mixing experiments have not so far revealed any inhibitor of initiation complex formation in the starved cell extracts. PMID- 7354043 TI - Amino acid sequence of the membranous segment of rabbit liver cytochrome b5. Methodology for separation of hydrophobic peptides. AB - The primary structure of the membranous segment of rabbit liver cytochrome b5 has been determined to be as follows: (Formula: see text), New methods were developed for the separation of peptide fragments. These methods, which are particularly useful for work with hydrophobic peptides, involved gel permeation chromatography and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using ethanol/formic acid mixtures. Sequences of the purified fragments were determined by automated sequence analysis. PMID- 7354044 TI - Regulatory effect of A to B cattle lens alpha-crystallin subunit ratios on the quaternary structure of macromolecules formed by their assembly. PMID- 7354045 TI - Metabolism of tritiated parathyroid hormone by a kidney cortex plasma membrane preparation. PMID- 7354046 TI - Purification of a specific activator of solubilized delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase from rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7354047 TI - Disposition of T200 glycoprotein in the plasma membrane of a murine lymphoma cell line. AB - T200 glycoprotein, a major cell surface component of murine hematopoietic cells, is a phosphorylated transmembrane glycoprotein. Two distinct regions of the molecule can be defined by radiolabeling with a variety of metabolic precursors or by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination, in combination with protease treatments, immunoprecipitation techniques, and peptide "mapping" analysis. A relative protease-resistant domain, which is exposed on the cell surface and contains the antigenic site recognized by a monoclonal anti-T200 antibody known to react with the exterior cell surface, contains most if not all of the mannose containing oligosaccharide units of the glycoprotein and all of the amino acid residues labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of intact viable cells. This protease-resistant fragment migrates with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 100,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The remaining portion of the molecule contains a region, extensively digested by trypsin, which is exposed on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane and contains phosphoserine residues which can be labeled with 32PO4 in vivo. A 125I labeled tryptic peptide derived from this region of the molecule was obtained if membrane preparations from cells disrupted by nitrogen cavitation were labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination. PMID- 7354048 TI - Test of four possible mechanisms for the temporal control of spindle and cytoplasmic microtubule assembly in HeLa cells. PMID- 7354049 TI - In situ labeling of Torpedo and rat muscle acetylcholine receptor by a photoaffinity derivative of alpha-bungarotoxin. AB - We synthesized a photoaffinity derivative of 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin that binds tightly and specifically to the acetylcholine receptor. We used this reagent to label the receptor in membranes from Torpedo electric organ and rat muscle and have analyzed the labeled polypeptides by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. Reaction of the modified toxin with the Torpedo receptor in situ covalently labels the same four polypeptides as seen in Torpedo receptor preparations after solubilization and purification. The toxin derivative labels five polypeptides in muscle membranes that correspond in molecular weight to the subunits of the purified muscle receptor. These results provide evidence that, for both Torpedo and muscle receptors, the polypeptides associated with the purified protein also form part of the receptor in situ. PMID- 7354050 TI - Translocation of delta-aminolevulinate synthase from the cytosol to the mitochondria and its regulation by hemin in the rat liver. PMID- 7354052 TI - Characterization of a unique human apolipoprotein E variant associated with type III hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 7354051 TI - Rabbit red blood cell hexokinase. Purification and properties. AB - Rabbit red blood cell hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1.) has been purified 300,000-fold by a combination of ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The hexokinase activity has been isolated in 35% yield as a protein that is homogeneous by polyacrylamide and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The highest specific activity obtained was 145 units/mg of proteins. The native protein has a molecular weight of 110,000 by gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 44 and 112,000 by sedimentation velocity on sucrose density gradients. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels gave a molecular weight of 110,000 indicating that hexokinase is a monomer. The enzyme had a pI of 6.20 to 6.30 pH units by isoelectric focusing. The enzyme was specific for Mg . ATP and Mg . ITP as the nucleotide substrates. Several hexokinase with different affinities. PMID- 7354053 TI - Renal glomerular basement membrane. In vivo biosynthesis and turnover in normal rats. AB - Glomerular basement membrane was labeled in vivo by the injection of tracer amounts of radioactive glycine and proline, and subsequently purified by osmotic lysis followed by sequential treatment with detergents. Analysis of tail tendons from these animals allowed comparison of basement membrane biosynthesis and degradation with these parameters in the newly synthesized fractions of fibrillar collagen. Peak radiolabeling with [3H]glycine occurred within 24 h, declining steadily thereafter in both basement membranes and salt-soluble tail tendon collagen. Calculated turnover times for [3H]glycine-labeled glomerular basement membrane and salt-soluble tail collagen were similar. Turnover of the collagenous portion of glomerular basement membrane was slightly longer, comparable to the acetic acid-soluble fraction of fibrillar collagen. Glomerular basement membrane is readily labeled after parenteral injection of radioactive precursors. Its biologic half-life is comparable to that of soluble fibrillar collagen, indicating a more rapid turnover than previously believed. PMID- 7354055 TI - Analysis of chiral inorganic [16O, 17O, 18O]thiophosphate and the stereochemistry of the 3-phosphoglycerate kinase reaction. AB - The R- and S-enantiomers of inorganic [16O, 17O, 18O]-thiophosphate have been synthesized from the B and A isomers of [alpha-S; alph-18O; alpha beta-17O; beta 17O3]ADP. Each chiral thiophosphate was incorporated into isomer A of ATP beta S with distinct oxygen isotopic labelings, which were characterized by 31P NMR. The 3-phosphoglycerate kinase-catalyzed reaction was shown to proceed by inversion at phosphorus since all other steps in the reaction sequence between inorganic thiophosphate and ATP beta S were of known stereospecificity. PMID- 7354054 TI - Mitochondrial outer membrane contains a protein producing nonspecific diffusion channels. AB - Vesicles permeable to sucrose, but not to high molecular weight dextrans, were produced when fragments of mitochondrial outer membrane obtained from rat liver or mung bean seedlings were fused with liposomes of soybean phospholipids. By using this reconstitution assay, the channel-forming protein in the mung bean mitochondria was identified as protein(s) with an apparent molecular weight of 30,000 through differential detergent extraction and centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient. The channel was nonspecific, and allowed the diffusion of saccharides of up to 2000 to 8000 daltons. PMID- 7354056 TI - An NADP-linked prostaglandin D dehydrogenase in swine brain. AB - An NADP-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase specific for prostaglandin D2 was discovered and partially purified from cytosol of swine brain. Prostaglandins A2, B2, D3, E2, and F2 alpha were poor substrates for this enzyme, the rates of reaction being less than 10% of that with prostaglandin D2. The enzyme was separated by Sephadex column chromatography from the other NADP-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase that was also present in brain and metabolized prostaglandins B2, E2, and F2 alpha much more effectively than D2. The primary reaction product was tentatively identified as 15-ketoprostaglandin D2 by its characteristic absorption spectrum with a peak at 415 nm at pH 9. This compound was further converted to 13,14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin D2 in the presence of NADPH by the action of 15-ketoprostaglandin delta 13-reductase that was co-purified with the dehydrogenase. This dehydrogenase appears to be responsible for the specific inactivation of prostaglandin D2 which is the major prostaglandin in the central nervous system. PMID- 7354057 TI - On the nature of the iron-sulfur centers in a ferredoxin from Azotobacter vinelandii. Mossbauer studies and cluster displacement experiments. PMID- 7354058 TI - Iron-sulfur clusters in Azotobacter ferredoxin at 2.5 A resolution. AB - X-ray crystallographic study of the ferredoxin-like protein (iron-sulfur protein III) from Azotobacter vinelandii has been extended to 2.5-A resolution. A 4.0-A resolution electron density map revealed that the molecule contains two Fe-S clusters of differing size and shape separated by 12 A (Stout, C.D. (1979) Nature 279, 83-84). Recent Mossbauer results by Emptage et al. (Emptage, M.H., Kent, T.A., Huynh, B.H., Rawlings, J., Orme-Johnson, W.H., and Munck, E. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 1793-1796) have shown that the molecule contains 7 iron atoms as a high potential iron protein-like Fe4 center and a novel 3-Fe center. The 2.5-A electron density map shows two distinctly different Fe-S clusters. The larger cluster consists of a tetranuclear [4Fe-4S] core ligated to the protein at each iron atom. The smaller cluster is distinctly planar and cannot be modeled with [2Fe-2S] or [4Fe-4S] structures. The best model for this cluster is a [3Fe-3S] core. The protein makes six contacts with this cluster. PMID- 7354059 TI - Rapid hepatic clearance of the canine lipoproteins containing only the E apoprotein by a high affinity receptor. Identity with the chylomicron remnant transport process. AB - The canine lipoproteins containing only the E apoprotein (apo-E HDLc), when perfused through a rat liver, display high affinity, receptor-mediated uptake, and saturation kinetics. These data indicate that the hepatic uptake of apo-E HDLc proceeds via a finite number of binding sites. The kinetic values determined for apo-E HDLc binding and uptake during a single-pass perfusion through a rate liver are: Km = 4.99 micrograms of protein . ml-1 and Vmax = 6.42 microgram of protein . g-1 . min-1. On a molar basis, the hepatic extraction of apo-E HDLc is almost equivalent to the high hepatic extraction of a class of lipoproteins that is most avidly removed from systemic circulation--the rat chylomicron remnants. Competition experiments between apo-E HDLc and rat chylomicron remnants indicate that the hepatic uptake mechanism for the two macromolecules is identical. Given that the recognition of apo-E HDLc is mediated by the E apoprotein and that the kinetic uptake properties of chylomicron remnants and apo-E HDLc are almost identical, it is probable that the E apoprotein is the major determinant responsible for hepatic chylomicron remnant recognition. PMID- 7354061 TI - The effect of H+, inositol hexaphosphate, and Zn(II) on the tetramer-dimer equilibrium of liganded hemoglobin. PMID- 7354060 TI - Fractionation and reconstitution of vitamin K-dependent carboxylation activity in rat liver microsomes. AB - Attempts to purify the vitamin K-dependent carboxylation system from rat liver microsomes have not yet met with success. Purification procedures result in low yields of activity even after relatively mild separation methods. We have been able to demonstrate that one reason for these failures is that there are at least two components (which can be separated) necessary for the reaction. Recombination of the separated components is possible if the detergent (Triton X-100) concentration is lowered and ethylene glycol is added to the system. Under these conditions, vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of synthetic pentapeptide (Phe-Leu Glu-Glu-Leu) can be totally reconstituted. PMID- 7354062 TI - Preparation and characterization of proteins in the alimentary tract of the dog which bind cobalamin and intrinsic factor. PMID- 7354063 TI - Responses of glucose 6-phosphate levels to varied glucose loads in the isolated perfused rat liver. PMID- 7354064 TI - Cholesteryl ester accumulation in macrophages resulting from receptor-mediated uptake and degradation of hypercholesterolemic canine beta-very low density lipoproteins. AB - The synthesis and accumulation of cholesteryl esters by monolayers of mouse peritoneal macrophages was stimulated 20- to 160-fold by incubation with beta migrating very low density lipoproteins (beta-VLDL, density less than 1.006 g/ml) isolated from the plasma of cholesterol-fed dogs. Three other cholesterol-rich lipoprotein fractions obtained from the plasma of the same hypercholesterolemic dogs, including low density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol-induced high density lipoprotein (HDLc), and apo-E HDLc, had little to no stimulatory effect. Plasma VLDL (density less than 1.006 g/ml) from normal dogs did not increase cholesteryl ester formation in macrophages. The enhancement in cholesteryl ester synthesis and accumulation by hypercholesterolemic canine beta-VLDL was due to the presence of a high affinity binding site on the macrophage cell surface that mediated the uptake and lysosomal degradation of the beta-VLDL. Competition studies with fucoidin and dextran sulfate indicated that the receptor for canine beta-VLDL was different from that previously described for human acetylated low density lipoprotein (acetyl-LDL). Prior incubation of macrophage monolayers with either unlabeled canine beta-VLDL or human acetyl-LDL, both of which raised the cellular content of cholesteryl esters, reduced the ability of the cells to degrade 125I labeled beta-VLDL, suggesting that the receptor for beta-VLDL is subject to regulation. The current findings indicate: 1) that macrophages possess a high affinity receptor that recognizes one of the four cholesterol-rich lipoproteins present in the plasma of cholesterol-fed dogs, beta-VLDL, and 2) that the receptor-mediated ingestion of beta-VLDL leads to cholesteryl ester deposition in these cells. PMID- 7354065 TI - Multiple kinetic forms of beta-glucuronidase. AB - Partially purified chick embryo liver beta-glucuronidase and highly purified beta glucuronidase from human placenta and rat preputial gland exhibit multiple kinetic forms which appear to exist in an equilibrium which can be shifted by varying the assay conditions. All three enzymes exist in a low Km form, which predominates at pH 3 and is stabilized by bovine serum albumin, and a high Km form, which predominates at pH 5.5 to 6.0 in the absence of serum albumin. At intermediate pH values both forms are present. Addition of 0.2 M NaCl shifts the equilibrium toward the high Km form. Both forms of these enzymes are active on 4 methyl umbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide and on the hexasaccharides of chondroitin 6-SO4, chondroitin, and hyaluronic acid, with the low Km forms showing 2- to 20 fold more activity on the oligosaccharide substrates than the high Km forms. PMID- 7354066 TI - Purification of a complex catalyzing folate cofactor synthesis and transformylation in de novo purine biosynthesis. PMID- 7354067 TI - Protein phosphorylation in platelets stimulated by immobilized thrombin at 37 degrees and 4 degrees C. PMID- 7354068 TI - Alteration of the properties of chicken liver dihydrofolate reductase as a result of modification by tetrathionate. PMID- 7354069 TI - Purification and properties of uroporphyrinogen I synthase from human erythrocytes. Identification of stable enzyme-substrate intermediates. PMID- 7354070 TI - Active site of bovine factor Xa. Characterization using substituted benzamidines as competitive inhibitors and affinity-labeling reagents. PMID- 7354071 TI - Prostaglandins increase GTP hydrolysis by membranes from human mononuclear cells. AB - Both adenylate cyclase and GTPase activities in human mononuclear cell membranes were increased by prostaglandins. Adenylate cyclase activity, however, was enhanced by much lower concentrations of PGE1 (prostaglandin E1) than were required to increase GTPase. PGE2, PGA1, PGB1, and PGF1 alpha also stimulated GTPase activity. These same prostaglandins, with the notable exception of PGF1 alpha, increased adenylate cyclase activity (PGE2 greater than PGA1 greater than or equal to PGB1). Isoproterenol, 100 microM, doubled adenylate cyclase without altering GTPase activity. Choleragen activated adenylate cyclase in mononuclear cell membranes but had no effect on GTPase activity whether or not PGE1 was present. Mononuclear cells were separated into adherent and nonadherent populations by two different methods to examine the possibility that the prostaglandin-stimulated GTPase was confined to a specific type of mononuclear cell. Adenylate cyclase in membranes from both adherent and nonadherent cells was activated by PGE1, but neither PGE1 nor choleragen altered GTPase activity in these preparations. It appears that, although several prostaglandins can increase GTPase activity in mononuclear cell membranes, the increase in GTPase activity is not consistently associated with activation of adenylate cyclase by prostaglandins. PMID- 7354073 TI - Direct observation of peptide exchange by stable isotope enrichment. AB - A method for the kinetic determination of peptide exchange using stable isotope enrichment is described. Synthetic 90% enriched (epsilon-13C)His 12 ribonuclease (RNase) (1-15) peptide was used as a probe to follow peptide exchange in the RNase S system by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The rate constant, k1, for dissociation of the RNase S complex containing the synthetic (1-15) peptide was found to be (4.1 +/- 0.3) x 10(-4) s-1 and its dissociation constant Kd, (0.2 +/- 0.8) x 10(-7) M, was greater than that of RNase S with natural S peptide (residues 1 to 20) by a factor of five at 4 degrees C. This differences corresponds to the difference of the enthalpy of binding between the (1-15) and (1-20) peptides, which we determined to be 1.7 +/- 0.4 kcal/mol. This small enthalpy difference may originate from hydrogen bonding between Ser 16 and His 48 in the RNase S complex. PMID- 7354072 TI - Mechanism of porphobilinogen synthase. Requirement of Zn2+ for enzyme activity. AB - The role of metal ions in the mechanism of action of bovine liver porphobilinogen synthase was investigated. Studies with chelating agents were consistent with a requirement of metal ions for enzyme activity, and the use of 8-hydroxyquinoline 5-sulfonic acid suggested that Zn2+ was present in the enzyme. The low activity detected in metal-free apoporphobilinogen synthase was attributed to adventitious metal ions. Addition of Zn2+ to the apoenzyme completely restored enzyme activity if the essential sulfhydryl groups on the enzyme were first reduced with sulfhydryl reagents. It does not follow necessarily from this observation that Zn2+ forms a bond with a sulfhydryl group in the enzyme. However, we also observed that Zn2+ did not bind to the enzyme unless the essential cysteinyl residues were reduced. We have concluded that the octameric enzyme contains 4 g atoms of Zn2+/mol from our enzyme activity measurements and binding studies. Alkylation of the enzyme resulted in a marked reduction in the binding of Zn2+ to the enzyme. These observations are consistent with the suggestion that the interaction of the Zn2+ ions with the enzyme occurs with sulfhydryl groups at the active site. It appears that Zn2+ does not participate in substrate binding nor in the maintenance of the quaternary structure of the enzyme. Possible mechanistic roles for Zn2+ in porphobilinogen synthase are discussed. It should be noted that Cd2+ was the only other element found which restored activity to the apoenzyme. PMID- 7354074 TI - Very low density lipoprotein secretion by cultured rat hepatocytes. Inhibition by albumin and other macromolecules. PMID- 7354075 TI - Methylglyoxal formation in rat liver cells. PMID- 7354076 TI - Reaction of the glucose carrier in erythrocytes with halodinitrobenzenes. PMID- 7354077 TI - Lectins in the U.S. Diet. Isolation and characterization of a lectin from the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). PMID- 7354078 TI - Initiator RNA synthesis upon ribonucleotide depletion. Evidence for base substitutions. AB - Nearest neighbor frequencies in initiator RNA (iRNA) of a human lymphocyte cell line have been measured in isolated nuclei under conditions where ribonucleotides have been omitted from the incubation. Deoxynucleotides are incorporated in iRNA to a limited extent for the omitted cognate ribonucleotide. In addition, upon omission of a ribonucleotide, changes in the nearest neighbor frequencies also occur indicating base substitution of another ribonucleotide. The base substitutions that have been observed are the incorporation of rA for rG or rU. Substitution for rA has not been observed. When rC is omitted, a change in all nearest neighbor frequencies occurs, suggesting possibly an unusual role for rC. The substitutions demonstrate the unique features of iRNA synthesis and point out possible alterations in iRNA that may occur in vivo when nucleotide pools are altered. PMID- 7354079 TI - The conversion of horseradish peroxidase C to a verdohemoprotein by a hydroperoxide derived enzymatically from indole-3-acetic acid and by m nitroperoxybenzoic acid. AB - A verdohemoprotein was formed from Compound I of horseradish peroxidase C upon the addition of about 2 molar equivalents of m-nitroperoxybenzoic acid (mNPBA) or hydroperoxide formed from indole-3-acetic acid during its catalytic oxidation. The formation of the verdohemoprotein occurred via two intermediates which have an absorbance peak at 965 or 940 nm. Carbon monoxide was evolved in the reaction from the 940 compound to the verdohemoprotein. From the kinetic and titration data, the following reaction sequence was proposed. (Formula: see text). The 940 compound could be reduced by dithionite and ascorbate to the ferrous and the ferric enzyme, respectively. The enzyme species that reacted with mNPBA to form the 965 and the 940 compounds was concluded to be Compound I but neither Compound II nor oxyperoxidase (Compound III). PMID- 7354080 TI - Relationship of nuclear progesterone receptors to induction of ovalbumin and conalbumin mRNA in chick oviduct. PMID- 7354081 TI - Isolation and chemical characterization of neutral glycosphingolipids of human neutrophils. AB - Six neutral glycosphingolipids were isolated from purified preparations of human neutrophils. The chemical structure of each compound was characterized by degradation with exoglycosidases, methylation analysis, and electron impact/desorption mass spectrometry. The following structures were assigned on the basis of these detailed analyses: Glc beta 1 leads to 1Cer Gal beta 1 leads to 1Cer Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc beta 1 leads to 1Cer Gal alpha 1 leads to 4Gal beta 1 leads to 1Cer GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc beta 1 leads to 1Cer Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc beta 1 leads to 1Cer. Neutral glycosphingolipids containing N acetylgalactosamine were not detected in human neutrophils. The major neutral glycosphingolipids were lactosylceramide and lactoneotetraosylceramide. Although lactoneotriaosylceramide accounts for only 10% of the neutral glycosphingolipid fraction, neutrophils are the most readily available source of this compound. We may conclude that human neutrophils, in contrast to human erythrocytes and platelets, contain as their major neutral glycosphingolipids lactoneo-type structures and smaller amounts of gala-type structures. These findings are discussed in terms of blood group antigens and glycosphingolipid changes due to malignancy. PMID- 7354082 TI - Eukaryotic DNA polymerase alpha. Structural analysis of the enzyme from regenerating rat liver. AB - The DNA polymerase alpha from regenerating rat liver has been purified to near homogeneity. The most highly purified fraction gave a single stained band on native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and DNA polymerase alpha activity was coincident with this band. On pore gradient gel electrophoresis, a molecular radius of 72 A was obtained for the enzyme. On denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel, five polypeptides were reproducibly resolved, corresponding to molecular weights of 156,000, 64,000, 61,000, 58,000, and 54,000. The catalytic subunit correlated with the 156,000-dalton polypeptide. In the native state, the separated 54,000- to 64,000-dalton polypeptides interacted among themselves to constitute a hetero oligomer of apparent high molecular weight without DNA polymerase activity. Electron microscopy studies of the enzyme confirmed the biochemical results. The specific activity of the isolated catalytic subunit was in all cases lower than when it was associated with the 54,000- to 64,000-dalton structure. PMID- 7354083 TI - Relationship between the multiple forms of rat hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase and degree of phosphorylation. AB - The two major forms of rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase have been resolved by calcium phosphate chromatography and have been highly purified. These different forms of the enzyme contain dissimilar amounts of endogenous protein-bound phosphate. The hydroxylase activity of these forms, as assayed in the presence of tetrahydrobiopterin, can be differentially stimulated by treatment with Mg2+, ATP, cyclic AMP, and protein kinase, leading to the production of a chromatographically distinct species. In the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP, activation is accompanied by differential incorporation of 32P into the subunits (Mr = 50,000) of the two enzyme forms leading to a new form which contains 1 mol of phosphate/subunit. In addition, phosphorylation in vitro eliminates the electrophoretic heterogeneity displayed by the isolated forms. These data show that the multiple forms and electrophoretic heterogeneity of phenylalanine hydroxylase are correlated with the degree of phosphorylation and also provide further evidence for the regulation of this enzyme by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. PMID- 7354084 TI - Manganous ion binding to tubulin. AB - The assembly of pure tubulin into microtubules is induced by Mn(II), and the polymerized product displays the characteristic sensitivity of normal microtubules to low temperature. The interaction of Mn(II) with tubulin purified by phosphocellulose chromatography to remove microtubule-associated proteins was investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Mn(II) interacts with tubulin at about one high affinity site with an apparent dissociation constant (KD) of 1.6 +/- 0.3 microM and at 8 +/- 2 low affinity (KD = 0.38 +/- 0.18 mM) sites. The binding of Mn(II) to tubulin at the high affinity site was accompanied by release of tubulin-bound Mg(II) from the protein. Thus, Mn(II) substitutes for Mg(II) at the high affinity site and in promoting the assembly of tubulin. Mg(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) can displace Mn(II) from manganese-tubulin, but Ca(II) cannot. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum at 9.1 GHz of Mn(II) bound to the high affinity divalent cation site of tubulin is characterized by broadened hyperfine structure and the absence of solid state spectral features, suggesting that the bulk solvent is accessible to the bound metal ion. PMID- 7354085 TI - Effect of tunicamycin on the biosynthesis of the major human red cell sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin A, in the leukemia cell line K562. AB - The human continuous leukemia cell line K562 synthesizes and expresses on its surface the major red cell sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin A. Glycophorin A contains 1 N-glycosidic and 15 O-glycosidic oligosaccharides, which are attached to known sites on the polypeptide chain. By immune precipitation with specific anti-glycophorin A antiserum of radioactively labeled cells followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we have been able to study its biosynthesis in considerable detail. The synthesis of the N-glycosidic oligosaccharide of glycophorin A is inhibited by the antibiotic tunicamycin, while the O-glycosidic oligosaccharides are not affected. Incomplete glycophorin A, lacking the N glycosidic oligosaccharide, is apparently incorporated normally into the surface membrane, but the total amount of glycophorin A is decreased. Thus, N glycosylation is not necessary for externalization of glycophorin A. PMID- 7354086 TI - Two types of complexes formed by the interaction of apolipoprotein A-I with vesicles of L-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. PMID- 7354087 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of apolipoprotein A-I interaction with L-alpha dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles. AB - The dynamics of human apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) interaction with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicles were investigated in a 4000:1 DMPC/apo A-I (mol/mol) mixture where all the protein is bound to DMPC in stable vesicular complexes, and in a 100:1 DMPC/apo A-I (mol/mol) mixture which gives micellar complexes at equilibrium. Gel filtration and fluorescence methods (polarization and intensity) were used to follow the reaction kinetics. The binding of apo A-I to DMPC vesicles is a very rapid process which takes only a few minutes, while the formation of micellar complexes takes several hours at 25 degrees C and involves saturated complexes of apo A-I . DMPC and free apo A-I. The rate-limiting step in micellar complex formation is the breakdown of saturated vesicle . apo A-I complexes, a process that exhibits first order kinetics with a rate constant k = 0.22 h-1 and a half-life t 1/2 = 3 h 9 min. PMID- 7354088 TI - Properties of the general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase from pig liver. AB - The properties of the general acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase from pig liver and the stable reduced dehydrogenase . product and oxidized dehydrogenase . acetoacetyl-CoA complexes of the dehydrogenase were investigated. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 178,000 to 183,000 determined by gel filtration chromatography and by gel electrophoresis at different acrylamide concentrations. The subunit molecular weight is 45,000 based on acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of dodecyl sulfate which agrees with the minimum molecular weight calculated from the flavin:protein ratio and the amino acid analysis. The subunits are identical, or very similar, as judged by quantitative NH2-terminal analysis and mapping of tryptic peptides. Immunochemical analyses by the complement fixation technique show that the structure of the oxidized enzyme is different from the structure of enzyme . acyl-CoA complexes whether the flavin in these complexes is in the oxidized or reduced state. The amino acid analysis, isoelectric point, and a procedure for crystallizing the dehydrogenase are also reported. PMID- 7354089 TI - The functional role of carboxyl residues in an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. PMID- 7354090 TI - The geometric properties of paired human tibiae. PMID- 7354091 TI - Fetal head molding: an investigation utilizing a finite element model of the fetal parietal bone. PMID- 7354092 TI - Measurement and analysis of in vivo bone strains on the canine radius and ulna. PMID- 7354093 TI - Planar control in multi-camera calibration for 3-D gait studies. PMID- 7354094 TI - Ballistic walking. PMID- 7354095 TI - An interactive graphics package for calculating cross-sectional properties of complex shapes. PMID- 7354096 TI - A simple, rapid method of obtaining geometrical properties from sections or laminograms of long bones. PMID- 7354097 TI - The elastic modulus of fetal cranial bone: a first step towards an understanding of the biomechanics of fetal head molding. PMID- 7354098 TI - Chemical Abstracts as a resource for health and safety-related chemical information. AB - Documents relevant to the health and safety of the worker or consumer exposed to chemicals or radiation extend over the entire range of the chemical disciplines, and therefore pertinent information can appear throughout the Chemical Abstracts Service information systems. Access routes to such information in both CAS printed publications and computer-readable services are discussed. In the weekly issues of Chemical Abstracts, health and safety information can be accessed through the natural-language Keyword Index. Retrieval of pertinent information through the controlled headings of the CA Volume Indexes in conjunction with the Index Guide is also discussed. CA Selects, a set of current-awareness publications, is described as it pertains to the specialized areas of health and safety. PMID- 7354099 TI - The design of a study to assess occult-blood screening for colon cancer. PMID- 7354100 TI - Relationship between neurological and functional status after acute spinal cord injury: an epidemiological study. PMID- 7354101 TI - On standards for publication of therapeutic research. PMID- 7354102 TI - Differences in mortality from ischemic heart disease by marital status and social class. PMID- 7354103 TI - On the interpretation of smoking risks in atherosclerosis. PMID- 7354104 TI - Persistence of levels for risk factor variables during the first year of life: the Bogalusa Heart Study. PMID- 7354106 TI - Sample size considerations for non-randomized comparative studies. PMID- 7354105 TI - Breast cancer in Israel, 1960-1975. I. Changing patterns at diagnosis. PMID- 7354107 TI - Utility of the proportional-hazards model for survival analysis of psychiatric data. PMID- 7354108 TI - Transient hypothyroidism after iodine-131 treatment of thyrotoxicosis. AB - Thirty consecutive patients with thyrotoxicosis were followed up at monthly intervals for 6 months after treatment with iodine-131. Serum total T4, serum total T3, and serum TSH response to TRH were measured at each review. Biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism (low T4 raised basal TSH) developed in 18 patients 1-4 months after treatment. In 5 of these patients, symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism remained absent or minimal and spontaneous recovery of thyroid function occurred during the ensuing 2 months. If biochemical hypothyroidism occurs during the first 6 months after radioiodine therapy, it is recommended that T4 replacement be withheld for 2 months unless the severity of symptoms demands treatment. PMID- 7354109 TI - Immunoreactive beta-endorphin in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - To elucidate the nature of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its relationship with plasma beta-endorphin, plasma and CSF specimens were obtained simultaneously. Gel chromatography revealed that beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in CSF consisted of two components with elution positions compatible to those of beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin (beta LPH), respectively, and an additional larger molecule. The beta-endorphin level in CSF obtained from four nonendocrine patients was 17.9 +/- 2.3 pg/ml (mean +/- SE) and corresponded to 20% of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity. The predominant componet in CSF was either beta-LPH or the larger molecule. beta Endorphin levels in CSF were consistently higher than those in plasma, and there seemed to be no relationship between them. One patient with Nelson's syndrome had a CSF beta-endorphin level of 14.8 pg/ml, although the plasma level was 784 pg/ml. On the other hand, one patient under glucocorticoid treatment had a CSF beta-endorphin level of 13.0 pg/ml and an undetectably low plasma level. It is concluded that 1) beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity consists of beta endorphin, beta-LPH, and possibly the precursor molecule; and 2) there exists marked dissociation between plasma and CSF beta-endorphin levels, suggesting the possible central nervous system origin of beta-endorphin in CSF. PMID- 7354110 TI - The absorption and fate of androsterone ester. PMID- 7354111 TI - Altered maternal calcium homeostasis in diabetic pregnancy. AB - Twenty-one diabetic gravidas were studied with serial measurements of serum concentrations of total and ionized calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, albumin, and parathyroid hormone and plasma levels of calcitonin. Pregnant diabetics had significantly lower serum magnesium concentrations throughout pregnancy than did nondiabetics. They also had significantly lower parathyroid hormone levels after midpregnancy, because the progressive increase in parathyroid hormone concentration observed in control subjects did not occur in diabetics. There was no significant difference between pregnant diabetics and nondiabetics in serum concentrations of total calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus, or albumin or in plasma levels of calcitonin. PMID- 7354112 TI - Presence of relatively high concentrations of arginine vasotocin in the cerebrospinal fluid of newborns and infants. AB - Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained from healthy newborns, infants, and children of both sexes between 23-777 days of age. Bioassay of the CSF revealed relatively high antidiuretic and hydroosmotic activities. Rat uterine activities could be detected only in the CSF of newborns, and these activities were increased in the presence of magnesium. The antidiuretic and hydroosmotic activities of CSF from newborns were significantly higher than the same CSF activities of infants (P less than 0.01) and children (P less than 0.001). No sex differences were observed in the above biological activities of CSF. The ratio of these activities, their susceptibility to tryptic digestion, and the increase of the rat uterine activity by magnesium demonstrate the presence in CSF of a basic peptide indistinguishable from synthetic arginine vasotocin. In contrast to the CSF of healthy newborns and infants, neither antidiuretic nor hydroosmotic activities could be detected in the CSF of a boy, aged 413 days, with a pineal tumor and precocious puberty. PMID- 7354113 TI - Steroidogenesis by human ovarian cell types in culture: influence of mixing of cell types and effect of added testosterone. PMID- 7354114 TI - A specific homologous radioimmunoassay for human beta-endorphin: direct measurement in biological fluids. PMID- 7354115 TI - Evidence for calcitonin in the thyroid gland of normal and anencephalic human fetuses: immunocytological localization, radioimmunoassay, and gel filtration of thyroid extracts. PMID- 7354116 TI - Circadian regulation of growth hormone secretion after treatment in acromegaly. PMID- 7354117 TI - Endocrine sequelae of antineoplastic therapy in childhood head and neck malignancies. PMID- 7354118 TI - Patterns of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine monodeiodination in hypothyroidism and nonthyroid illnesses. PMID- 7354119 TI - Cushing's disease: management by transsphenoidal pituitary microsurgery. AB - Over 15 yr, 24 patients underwent transsphenoidal pituitary surgery for Cushing's disease with a median follow-up of 12 months. Cures included 7 patients with normal sella turcicas (6 microadenomas), 6 patients with focal depressions (6 microadenomas) of the sella (grade I), and 3 patients (3 adenomas) with enlarged sellas (grade II). Three patients with sella destruction (grades III and IV), 2 with normal sellas, and 1 with focal sella depression (grade I) were not cured. Two apparent cures (microadenomas) recurred. Tumor histology revealed 19 basophilic adenomas; electron microscopy (14 tumors) and immunochemical studies (10 tumors) revealed only ACTH cells. Circadian rhythm returned in 6 cured patients. Impotence (in 2), amenorrhea (in 7), and galactorrhea (in 3) resolved in affected cured patients. The major surgical complication was hemorrhage at the operative site (3 patients). Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is a valuable method for managing Cushing's disease in many patients. PMID- 7354120 TI - Vasopressin in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Arginine vasopressin was measured by RIA in samples of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) taken synchronously from 62 patients with proven or suspected disorders of the central nervous system in order to determine the relationship between the secretion of vasopressin into the systemic circulation and that into the CSF. In 12 patients without endocrine or brain disease, mean plasma values (+/- SD) were 2.8 +/- 0.7 pg/ml and CSF values were 2.4 +/- 0.7 pg/ml. Thirty-six patients with various intracranial disorders had plasma and CSF values which were both within the range of 1-4 pg/ml. Eight patients had raised plasma concentrations, but their CSF levels were within the normal range. One patient with posttraumatic diabetes insipidus and 2 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage had concentrations of CSF vasopressin which were greater than plasma levels. These results indicate that a blood CSF barrier to vasopressin exists in man and that under certain pathological conditions excessive amounts of the hormone can be secreted into the CSF independently of that which is released into the blood, a finding which could have clinical significance in disorders of brain function. PMID- 7354121 TI - Effect of the menstrual cycle on calcium-regulating hormones in the normal young woman. AB - To examine the effect of estrogens on circulating levels of calcium-regulating hormones, total serum calcium, ionized calcium, inorganic phosphate, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and estradiol (E2) levels were assayed on menstrual cycle days 3 and 13 in 12 healthy young women. Despite a 3-fold increase in serum E2 levels by midcycle, no differences in the other factors were observed. Furthermore, iv infusion of calcium (3 mg/kg over a 10-min period) produced similar changes in the serum levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and calcitonin on days 3 and 13 in 8 women. Our findings suggest that in normal menstruating women, endogenous increases in E2 neither directly nor indirectly stimulate 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production, nor do they affect circulating levels of the hormones known to influence calcium homeostasis in man. PMID- 7354123 TI - Oxytocin levels and disappearance rate and plasma follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone after oxytocin infusion in men. AB - Plasma oxytocin (OT), FSH, and LH were measured by specific RIA in eight healthy adult males before, during, and after stopping iv infusions of OT. With a constant infusion of 132 mU OT/min for 60 min, plasma OT reached a steady state concentration of 228-241 pg/ml at 30-60 min. When the dose of oxytocin infused was doubled every 15 min, plasma OT increased from 81.0 +/- 17.9 pg/ml (mean +/- SE) with 32 mU/min to reach a steady state concentration of 378 +/- 73.4 pg/ml with 256 mU/min (1 muU = 2 pg OT). The curve of disappearance of plasma OT could be resolved into a single exponential curve in all of the subjects, with a mean calculated half-life of 10.3 +/- 1.6 min (range, 5.3-17.3 min). The mean MCR of OT was 21.5 +/- 3.3 ml/kg.min, and the mean apparent volume of distribution was 305 +/- 46 ml/kg. Plasma FSH and LH showed no significant change throughout OT infusion and for up to 60 min after stopping the OT infusion. The findings demonstrate that in man 1) plasma OT concentration achieved is closely related to the infusion rate, 2) OT infusion does not affect plasma FSH and LH, and 3) the apparent volume of distribution of OT suggests that infused OT is distributed into space or spaces other than the circulating plasma volume. PMID- 7354122 TI - Androgen and estrogen production in elderly men with gynecomastia and testicular atrophy after mumps orchitis. AB - Gynecomastia developed in three men 1-30 yr after the occurrence of testicular atrophy due to mumps orchitis. At the time of study, these men were 63-68 yr of age. In these men the mean plasma production rate of testosterone was 816 microgram/24 h, a value 20% of that found in normal elderly men without gynecomastia. The plasma production rate of androstenedione averaged 1317 microgram/24 h. The mean production rates of 17 beta-estradiol and estrone in these subjects were 33 and 48 microgram/24 h, values comparable to those of normal young men. Extraglandular formation of estrogen from plasma prehormones accounted for all of the 17 beta-estridiol and most of the estrone produced by these elderly men with gynecomastia. Serum gonadotropin concentrations were elevated in these men, probably because plasma testosterone production rates were decreased. These findings are consistent with the view that the capacity of Leydig cells to secrete testosterone was impaired after mumps orchitis in these subjects, but the capacity to form estrogen was not similarly impaired, since most estrogen is formed in extraglandular sites. Thus, the impairment in Leydig cell testosterone secretion after mumps orchitis together with the normal increase in extraglandular aromatization that accompanies aging bring about a striking reduction in the ratio of testosterone to estrogen production rates, and gynecomastia may result. PMID- 7354124 TI - Suppression of prolactin and gonadotropin secretion in post-menopausal women by 2 hydroxyestrone. AB - An infusion of 2-hydroxyestrone given to estrogen primed post-menopausal women resulted in a rapid and total suppression of serum prolactin. Serum LH responded with an initial rise followed by a 30% decrease below baseline values. Serum FSH exhibited a significant suppression below preinfusion levels. The catechol estrogen had no effect on serum LH, FSH and PRL in post-menopausal women who were not pretreated with estrogens. This impact of 2-hydroxyestrone on pituitary hormone secretion provides for the physiological role of this non-uterotropic estrogen in the neuroendocrine mechanisms of the human. PMID- 7354126 TI - Comparison of serum and plasma specimens for syphilis serology using the reagin screen test. AB - One serum and three plasma samples were obtained from each of 125 normal individuals and from 140 patients with treated or untreated syphilis. Serum samples were tested by the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test and by the Reagin Screen Test (RST). Plasma specimens were tested only with the RST. When tested within 24 h after collection, all specimens from normal individuals were nonreactive. Plasma specimens from normal individuals stored for up to 72 h after collection continued to yield a clearly nonreactive result in 423 of the 426 samples tested by the RST. Serum and plasma samples from syphilis patients tested within 72 h after collection by the RST yielded qualitative and quantitative results almost identical to results of serum tested by the VDRL test. PMID- 7354125 TI - Pharmacokinetic properties of human fibroblast and leukocyte interferon in rabbits. AB - When rabbits were given intramuscular injections of the same quantities of human leukocyte or fibroblast interferons, the former produced moderately higher levels of circulating interferon. Fibroblast interferon was not cleared faster from circulation, nor was direct inactivation by rabbit blood responsible for this difference. PMID- 7354127 TI - Cross-reaction to Legionella pneumophila antigen in sera with elevated titers to Pseudomonas pseudomallei. AB - A significantly greater incidence (P less than 0.005) of Legionella pneumophila microagglutination titers greater than or equal to 32 was found in sera with elevated titers to Pseudomonas pseudomallei as compared with sera with negative titers for P. pseudomallei antibodies. The greater incidence of L. pneumophila titers in these sera suggests that L. pneumophila and P. pseudomallei share an antigen. The incidence of L. pneumophila microagglutination titers of greater than or equal to 32 in sera with elevated titers to Brucella abortus or Francisella tularensis is not statistically significant. PMID- 7354128 TI - Streptococcus zooepidemicus (group C) pneumonia in a human. AB - Lancefield group C streptococcal pneumonia appeared in a previously healthy young adult. The patient apparently acquired the infection while caring for her sick horse, and experienced a gradual onset of the illness. There was rapid accumulation of pleural fluid and empyema requiring open drainage. Group C pneumonia cannot be distinguished from classic group A pneumonia on clinical grounds. Beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from sputum, transtracheal aspirates, pleural fluid, or blood of patients with pneumonia should be grouped by the precipitin method of Lancefield or one of its more rapid modifications. PMID- 7354129 TI - Slide agglutination test for serogrouping Legionella pneumophila and atypical Legionella-like organisms. AB - A simple, inexpensive slide agglutination test correctly identified the serogroup to which 38 Legionella pneumophilia strains belonged, and distinguished them from two atypical, Legionella-like organisms. PMID- 7354130 TI - Metabolic consequences of oral administration of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol to uremic dogs. AB - 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25-(OH)(2)D(3)], once considered a relatively inert metabolite of vitamin D(3), has been recently recognized as a metabolically active product in some species. In previous studies, we have shown that infusion of 24,25(OH)(2)D(3) into the thyroid artery of normal dogs results in prompt and complete suppression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. In this study, we have examined the metabolic consequences of oral administration of this metabolite in dogs with experimentally induced renal hyperparathyroidism. Dogs with comparable degrees of renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate, 10-15 ml/min) were treated for 3 wk with daily doses of either 2 mug of 24,25(OH)(2)D(3) or 50% ethanol, the vehicle in which the metabolite was suspended. After a 6-wk recovery period, treatments were reversed: dogs who had previously served as controls received the metabolite while dogs previously treated with metabolite received the vehicle. Administration of 24,25(OH)(2)D(3) resulted in a 40-60% decrease of immunoreactive PTH. This was associated with a small (0.1-0.2 mg/dl) but unequivocal decrease of serum ionized calcium. Calcium balance, which was slightly negative under control conditions, became slightly but definitively positive on treatment with 24,25(OH)(2)D(3). All other parameters measured, including total serum calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, creatinine, electrolytes, phosphorus excretion, and phosphorus balance, remained unchanged. The data support the hypothesis that 24,25(OH)(2)D(3) not only decreases PTH secretion but also functions as an anabolic hormone in bone under the conditions of this experiment. PMID- 7354131 TI - Volumetric and functional heterogeneity of human monocytes. AB - Volume analysis of purified human blood monocytes revealed distinct populations of large and small cells. Computer curve fitting suggested a third, intermediate sized population. These monocytes were designated M1, M2, and M3 in order of increasing size, and their approximate volumes were 150, 250, and 480 micron3, respectively. The three subpopulations were present in all 30 normal individuals tested. Two new techniques were developed that separate monocytes into M1 + M2 and M3 fractions; one used preferential incorporation of carbonyl iron particles by M3 cells and the other used the selective aggregation of M3 cells by thrombin in the presence of platelets. The chemotactic response to zymosan-activated human serum by total monocytes, M1 + M2 monocytes, and M3 monocytes was determined by the agarose plate method. In all experiments M3 monocytes were 10-fold more responsive than M1 + M2 monocytes and were significantly more so than total monocytes. These findings suggest that M3 cells are the major subpopulation capable of directional migration. This investigation establishes the existence of volumetrically definable subpopulations of human monocytes that are functionally distinct. PMID- 7354132 TI - Effect of apoproteins on hepatic uptake of triglyceride emulsions in the rat. AB - The addition of apoprotein E isolated from human very low density lipoproteins to both rat lymph chylomicrons and a triglyceride emulsion significantly increased the hepatic uptake of these particles in a nonrecycling isolated rat liver perfusion system. The cleared triglyceride was removed without apparent hydrolysis by the hepatocyte. When lymph chylomicrons were loaded with both Apo E and Apo C proteins by exposure to rat plasma, no increment in hepatic clearance was observed. Sequential evalutions of the influence of the C apoproteins on the hepatic clearance of both emulsions and chylomicrons revealed that the CIII (CIII 1) protein had a pronounced inhibitory effect on hepatic removal. The inhibition was observed for both Apo E-enriched chylomicrons and those containing little of this apoprotein. PMID- 7354133 TI - Evaluation of role played by mediators of immediate hypersensitivity in exercise induced asthma. AB - To determine whether mediators of immediate hypersensitivity played a role in the pathogenesis of exercise-induced asthma, we measured the concentration of histamine and neutrophil-chemotactic activity present in systemic arterial blood during thermal challenges in five asymptomatic asthmatics. Because exercise induced asthma has been shown to be a result of respiratory heat loss and because respiratory heat loss during isocapnic hyperventilation has been shown to give identical responses, we chose the latter provocational method in order to minimize increases in cardiac output that might interfere with the interpretation of mediator concentrations in arterial blood. Multiple aspects of pulmonary mechanics were also recorded before and after provocation. The results of these studies were then compared with the effects observed when the same subjects inhaled aerosols of specific antigens on the same day. Each challenge produced identical alterations in lung function, and neither was associated with consistent changes in arterial histamine. However, antigen provocation evoked a sustained and prolonged release of neutrophil chemotactic activity in each subject, whereas isocapnic hyperventilation with cold air was without effect. These data strongly suggest that mast-cell derived mediators are not involved in the development or maintenance of the bronchial obstruction that follows exercise in asthmatics. PMID- 7354134 TI - Direct radioimmunoassay of nuclear 3,5,3' triiodothyronine in rat anterior pituitary. AB - Previous tracer studies have suggested that 5'-monodeiodination of l-thyroxine (T(4)) in anterior pituitary may contribute a substantial portion of specifically bound nuclear 3,5,3' l-triiodothyronine (T(3)) in this tissue in rats. To evaluate this possibility, a radioimmunoassay for nuclear T(3) in individual anterior pituitaries was developed. Animals received [(125)I]T(3) 60 min before removal of the anterior pituitary and isolation of the nuclei by differential centrifugation. This allowed calculation of the nuclear:serum T(3) ratio and comparison of expected with measured T(3). T(3) was extracted in ethanol, dried, and reconstituted in assay buffer. In untreated hypothyroid rats, anterior pituitary nuclear T(3) was 0.18 +/- 0.06 pg/mug DNA which was 0.13 pg/mug DNA greater than expected from the serum T(3) concentration and the pituitary nuclear:serum [(125)I]T(3) ratio. In 10 hypothyroid rats given a single bolus of 400 ng T(3)/100 g body wt., the nuclear T(3) by radioimmunoassay was 1.0 +/- 0.06 pg/mug DNA, whereas that expected from the T(3) specific activity calculations was 0.85 pg/mug DNA (P < 0.025). Serum T(4) concentrations in these rats were < 0.25 mug/dl but the nuclear T(3) derived from as little as 0.2 mug/dl T(4) could explain a large portion of these small discrepancies between observed and measured nuclear T(3). In 29 normal rats, anterior pituitary nuclear T(3) was 0.63+/-0.04 pg/mug DNA, whereas that expected from the serum T(3) concentration (55+/-2 ng/dl) was 0.23+/-0.02 pg/mug DNA (P < 0.001). Total pituitary T(3) based on this measurement was 92+/-6 pg. Because the maximal nuclear binding capacity for T(3) in rat anterior pituitary is 0.77 pg/mug DNA, these results suggest there is 82% occupancy of these nuclear receptors. The requirement for normal serum concentrations of both T(4) and T(3) to achieve normal nuclear T(3) saturation in anterior pituitary is in marked contrast to the situation in liver, kidney, and heart muscle which appear to require only a normal serum T(3). As a consequence, the anterior pituitary can monitor both serum T(4) and T(3) and respond appropriately to changes in their concentrations. PMID- 7354135 TI - Immunochemical evidence for protein abnormalities in platelets from patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and Bernard-Soulier syndrome. AB - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of Triton X-100 solubilized proteins from normal and abnormal platelets was performed with rabbit antibodies raised against normal platelets. In Bernard-Soulier platelets protein 13 was not detected, and neither the amphiphilic (probably GP Ib) nor the hydrophilic (glycocalicin) glycocalicin related proteins were seen when monospecific antiglycocalicin antiserum was used. The most prominent precipitate, 16, and platelet fibrinogen, 24 were not detected in platelets of two patients with type I thrombasthenia, whereas in one patient with type II thrombasthenia fibrinogen was clearly detected, but the amount of protein 16 remained severely reduced. Protein 16 was heavily labeled after lactoperoxidase-catalyzed (125)I iodination of normal platelets, and was precipitated by IgG-L, an alloantibody from a polytransfused thrombasthenic patient. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) or protein 16 cut out from immunoplates showed two (125)I-labeled glycoprotein bands, which migrate as GP IIb and GP IIIa. SDS-PAGE of (125)I-labeled type I thrombasthenic platelets showed no periodic acid-Schiff bands or peaks of radioactivity in the GP IIb and GP IIIa regions, whereas in the GP I region both the periodic acid-Schiff band intensity and the radiolabeling were within the normal range. Autoradiography after crossed immunoelectrophoresis of iodinated thrombasthenic platelets showed that the bulk of radioactivity was bound to protein 17. This glycoprotein, which was also present in normal and Bernard Soulier platelets, migrates in the GP I region on SDS-PAGE. Thus, the bulk of radioactivity observed in the GP I region after SDS-PAGE is associated with protein 17 and not with glycocalicin. PMID- 7354136 TI - Amino acid modulation of renal phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in the rat. AB - The hypothesis that amino acids act as modifiers of phospholipid biosynthesis was tested in renal cortical cells from normal rats. The rate of [14C]-choline incorporation into phospholipid in cortical slices was enhanced by the addition of lysine or arginine to the incubation medium, and reduced by phenylalanine, aspartic acid, or four other amino acids. Lysine and aspartic acid appeared to modify the cholinephosphotransferase reaction in which cytidine 5' diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) and 1,2-diacylglycerol react to form phosphatidylcholine, the major phospholipid of renal membranes. Since this enzymatic reaction takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum, the effect of single amino acids on microsomal preparations was examined. Lysine increased CDP choline:1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase activity by 95%, whereas aspartic acid reduced activity by 65%, in a concentration-dependent manner. For both substrates in the reaction, amino acids modulated enzyme activity by altering the maximum velocity without changing the apparent Km. These observations in intact renal cells and in microsomal preparations indicate that changes in cellular amino acid concentrations could modify the biosynthetic rate of phosphatidylcholine, and suggest a mechanism that could coordinate the biosynthesis of phospholipid and protein. PMID- 7354138 TI - Differential feedback used by speech and language clinicians. AB - Differential feedback used by speech and language clinicians in schools was investigated and described. Eleven clinicians were tape-recorded during three consecutive treatment sessions with groups of second-or third-grade articulation defective children. Recordings were analyzed according to feedback category, frequency, and consistency of administration. Results indicated restricted repertoires of applied categorical items and extreme variability in frequency and consistency of utilization. PMID- 7354137 TI - Stereoselective interaction of phenylbutazone with [12C/13C]warfarin pseudoracemates in man. AB - To evaluate the interaction of phenylbutazone with racemic warfarin or R,S-(+/-) warfarin in man, S-(-)-warfarin or levowarfarin was synthesized with (13)C label in the 2-position of the coumarin nucleus and added to [(12)C]R(+)-warfarin or dextrowarfarin to form a [(12)C/(13)C]pseudoracemate of warfarin. In six normal human subjects, a single oral dose of this "cold labeled" pseudoracemate, 1.5 mg/kg body weight, was administered with and without a daily dosage of phenylbutazone, 300 mg orally, beginning 3 d before the warfarin dose and continuing throughout the hypoprothrombinemia. Plasma samples were obtained daily and analyzed for warfarin content and for one-stage prothrombin activity. Unchanged warfarin in the plasma was fractionated by normal-phase, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and the enantiomorphic ratios were determined by chemical ionization mass spectrometry with pentadeuteriowarfarin as the internal standard. A highly significant augmentation of the hypoprothrombinemia of the pseudoracemate occurred during the phenylbutazone regimen (P < 0.001) compared with pseudoracemic warfarin administered alone. There was a highly significant increase in the plasma clearance of dextrowarfarin (P < 0.01) and a significant decrease in the plasma clearance of levowarfarin (P < 0.05) during the phenylbutazone regimen compared with administration of warfarin alone. It was concluded that phenylbutazone augmented the hypoprothrombinemia of pseudoracemic warfarin stereoselectively by inhibiting the metabolic disposition of the more hypoprothrombinemic levowarfarin, yet reduced the plasma levels of pseudoracemic warfarin by greatly augmenting the metabolic disposition of dextrowarfarin. PMID- 7354139 TI - A clinician-judged technique for quantifying dysarthric speech based on single word intelligibility. AB - A clinician-judged technique for quantifying dysarthric speech based on single word intelligibility was developed and evaluated in three experiments. Dysarthric speakers were audio-recorded as they read 50-word lists that had been randomly generated from sets of similar sounding words. These tapes were judged by speech pathologists using listening formats that were systematically altered by varying the number of choices available to the judges. Results indicated that some formats were more sensitive to differences that exist among severely dysarthric speakers and others were more sensitive to differences that exist among mild to moderately dysarthric speakers. Judge familiarity with the master word pool increased scores slightly but in a consistent and predictable fashion. Scores from different randomly generated word lists were similar when the influence of a speaker's day-to-day variability was controlled. Clinical implications and uses of this technique for the monitoring of change in speaker performance were discussed. PMID- 7354140 TI - Influence of passage familiarity on intelligibility estimates of dysarthric speech. AB - Speech pathologists often estimate intelligibility as dysarthric speakers read standard passages. The first phase of this study compared estimates of intelligibility made by speech pathologists with transcription scores made by judges unfamiliar with the speech passages. Results indicated that speech pathologists consistently overestimated intelligibility. It was hypothesized that judge familiarity with the speech sample contributed to these inflated scores. Therefore, during the second phase of the study the influence of speech sample familiarity on estimates of intelligiblity was investigated. Group of listeners judged mild, moderate, and severely dysarthric speakers under three conditions of familiarity--Unfamiliar (passage unknown), Partially Familiar (passage read twice by a normal speaker), and Most Familiar (script of the passage available). For mild and severely dysarthric speakers, passage familiarity did not significantly influence judges' estimates. For the moderately dysarthric speaker, estimates of intelligibility increased markedly with increasing passage familiarity. Clinical implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 7354142 TI - Awareness of certain articulatory gestures in normal-speaking and articulatory defective children. AB - A comparison of the awareness of articulatory gestures between normal-speaking children and those with articulation disorders was undertaken. The articulation disorders group included children receiving speech training, and others placed on an observation list. The results indicate that the groups did not differ with respect to their awareness of articulatory gestures. The majority of the responses from both groups reflected accurate execution of the task. PMID- 7354141 TI - Language gains in global aphasia over a three-year period: a case study. AB - A diagnosis of global aphasia generally suggests poor prognosis for recovery and indicates short-term therapeutic intervention. This case study illustrates language gains made by a patient with global asphasia over a three-year period of speech and language therapy. Prognostic factors against recovery include post middle age; right-handedness; extensive vascular damage; perceptual, sensory, and motor problems; and dysarthric and apraxic involvements associated with aphasia. Despite known patterns of recovery that indicate a six-month plateau in patients with global aphasia, the data on this patient indicates that long-term therapy, in certain cases, is appropriate and necessary. PMID- 7354143 TI - A note on requesting strategies in adult aphasics. AB - The study is a description of communicative strategies employed by three types of aphasics in varying conversational situations. The research focuses on the aphasics' ability to formulate requests and the propositional adequacy of their speech acts. The results indicate that regardless of etiology or degree of linguistic impairment present, aphasics are generally able to make known to the listener their communicative intentions. PMID- 7354144 TI - Childhood deafness and maternal control. AB - Comparison of the mother-child interactions of deaf-child and hearing-child dyads showed an emphasis on control (instructions and commands) by mothers of deaf children. This finding is reminiscent of previous observations regarding the mother-child interactions of mentally retarded children. The maternal emphasis on control seen in both groups may be unrelated to either deafness or to mental deficiency; instead, it may represent a "normal" adaptation to the breakdown in reciprocal communication which is commonly (and unnecessarily) seen in both deafness and mental retardation. PMID- 7354145 TI - Effects of time between stimuli on the relationship of speech-sound discrimination skills to consistency of correct production of [s] and [r]. AB - In this study, the relationship between consistency of correct production of [s] and [r] and ability to discriminate between speech sounds separated by three different time intervals is examined. Thirty-six children representing first grade normal and [s] and [r] defective speakers served as subjects. Each subject listened to tapes of pairs of vowel-consonant-consonant-vowel bisyllables under each of three conditions: (1) 0.25 sec between bisyllables; (2) 2.0 sec between bisyllables; and (3) 10.0 sec between the bisyllables in each pair. The subjects' task was to determine whether the bisyllables in each pair were the same or different. Results of the statistical analyses indicated that the relationships which emerged were a function of the specific error sounds and the time between the stimuli to be discriminated. The findings are related to previous investigations of speech-sound discrimination skills in articulatory defective children. PMID- 7354146 TI - The pumice stone in dermatologic therapy. AB - The pumice stone is very helpful in removing hyperkeratotic tissue and can be used alone or following treatment of the skin with a keratolytic agent. It is essential to scrub while the skin is wet in order to maximize the disintegration of excessive stratum corneum. The stone in combination with soap and water is very effective in removing stains from the hands in a number of occupations and may alleviate the need for harsher cleansers. PMID- 7354147 TI - Linear nevus sebaceus syndrome. AB - The linear nevus sebaceus syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder, is characterized by anomalies of ectodermal and mesenchymal structures. We briefly describe the diagnostic features and management of this condition in a 2-year-old child. PMID- 7354148 TI - Balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis. AB - A patient is presented with a recalcitrant penile lesion which demonstrated the clinical and histologic features of the balanitis originally described by Zoon. The status of this disease and its relationship to similar disorders are discussed. PMID- 7354149 TI - Variegate porphyria. Clinical and laboratory features. AB - Variegate porphyria (VP) is a rare disease infrequently diagnosed in the United States. The typical cutaneous signs of VP, including fragility, bullae, scarring, hypertrichosis, and photosensitivity, are indistinguishable from those of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). Inadequate laboratory evaluation of porphyrins present in, or improper interpretation of porphyrin test results from, biologic specimens from patients with VP may lead to inappropriate diagnosis and treatment. Clinical and laboratory data for three such cases of VP are presented. A plasma porphyrin fluorescence criterion which appears specific for patients with VP was observed in all three cases. PMID- 7354150 TI - Pilomatricoma: treatment by incision and curettement. AB - The usual method of treatment of pilomatricoma (calcifying epitheliona of Malherbe) is excision. We present a review of eight patients with ten tumors treated by incision and curettement. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 10 years, and there have been no recurrences. An alternative method of therapy with excellent results is presented. PMID- 7354151 TI - Skin manifestations of pentazocine abuse. AB - Seventeen patients who had cutaneous complications following pentazocine injections are presented. The mean age was 50 years; total daily pentazocine dose ranged from 60 to 2,400 mg; evidence of psychiatric illness was present in 94%, and previous drug or alcohol abuse was noted in 65%. Fifty-three percent of our series of patients had a medical or paramedical background. Eighteen percent had diabetes mellitus, and 65% had a personal or family history (or both) of diabetes. A hypothesis is presented for this association. Characteristic histologic findings included fibrosis of the dermis and panniculus, with vascular alterations, fat necrosis with granulomatous inflammation, and vascular thrombosis with occasional endarteritis. We emphasize that medical and paramedical personnel and patients with a personal or family history of diabetes should be added to the group of patients considered to be at special risk for cutaneous complications of pentazocine injections. PMID- 7354152 TI - American Academy of Dermatology. President's message. PMID- 7354153 TI - A zosteriform network of spiradenomas. AB - A patient is presented with an extensive and unusual area of tumor formation involving the left side of her neck and chin. Clinically, differential diagnosis included neurofibroma, nevoid growths, and fibroma with angiomatous elements. Microscopic examination of biopsy specimens revealed typical spiradenomas. PMID- 7354154 TI - Porphyria cutanea tarda and sarcoidosis. AB - A 38-year-old black woman presented with a multisystem disease characterized by malaise, fever, sweats, and diffuse hyperpigmentation. Laboratory examinations showed anemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, granulomas in the liver and bone marrow, and elevated porphyrins in the urine and feces, characteristic of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). A workup for an etiology of the granulomas was nonproductive, and the patient responded to systemic steroids. PMID- 7354156 TI - New technic for instant visualization of fungi in hair. AB - Physical fragmentation of hair specimens by hammering permits immediate direct visualization of any fungi present. PMID- 7354155 TI - The occurrence of nail pitting in Reiter's syndrome. AB - Some authors have stated that nail pitting never occurs in Reiter's syndrome. The case of a patient with incomplete Reiter's syndrome with nail pitting and HLA-A2, 28; B18, 27 is presented. Patients who have both psoriasis and Reiter's syndrome have demonstrated increased frequency of HLA-A2 and B27 and markedly decreased frequency of HLA loci associated with psoriasis. The particular finding of nail pitting is presented to illustrate that this change may occur in Reiter's syndrome and may reflect a predisposition to the development of psoriasis or psoriasiform lesions conferred by HLA-A2 with B27, as suggested by previously reported HLA typing studies. PMID- 7354157 TI - The clinical dermatology meeting with the American College of Physicians. PMID- 7354158 TI - Is anybody out there listening? PMID- 7354159 TI - Probing dermatologic research: analysis of priorities and needs for research in dermatology. PMID- 7354160 TI - Majocchi's granuloma. PMID- 7354161 TI - Dynamic continuous computed tomography: study of retroaortic left renal vein. AB - A circumaortic left renal vein simulated a retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis on computed tomography (CT). An intravenous bolus injection of contrast medium followed by dynamic CT scanning and analysis of the attenuation coefficients and the anatomic course revealed the vascular nature of the circumaortic left renal vein. The recognition of this anomaly is important in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. A similar analysis should be useful in identifying other retroperitoneal arteries and veins. PMID- 7354162 TI - Absence of hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava with azygous continuation. AB - One patient with infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava with azygous continuation was examined by computed tomography (CT) and inferior venacavography. The characteristic CT findings are discussed and correlated with venacavography. PMID- 7354163 TI - Indication of dissecting aortic aneurysm on noncontrast computed tomography. AB - Diagnosis of dissecting aortic aneurysm was suggested by a "crescent-shaped shadow" in the aortic lumen on computed tomograms. PMID- 7354164 TI - Intraventricular hemorrhage in childhood moyamoya disease. AB - A 7-year-old female with computed tomographic evidence of intraventricular hemorrhage was subsequently proven by cerebral angiography to have moyamoya disease. The rarity of this manifestation of moyamoya disease and its cause are discussed. In addition to cerebral atrophy and old focal infarctions, the demonstration of tortuous, irregular vessels in the basal ganglia and poor visualization of the proximal portions of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries should suggest moyamoya disease before cerebral angiography is performed. PMID- 7354165 TI - Brainstem compression in a child with acute progressive brain edema following trauma. AB - Computed tomography findings in a case of acute, traumatic, progressive, and irreversible edema of the brain are described. Subsequent development of obstructive hydrocephalus, following previous ventricular collapse, without resolution of the edema is suggested as a sign of brainstem compression, obliteration of the aqueduct, and deterioration leading to eventual brain death. PMID- 7354166 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. AB - A case of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis is presented. Postcontrast computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a low density within the superior sagittal sinus. The pathogenesis of the CT finding is analyzed and correlated with cerebral angiography. PMID- 7354167 TI - Unilateral exophthalmos in orbital echinococciasis. AB - A case of hydatic cyst located in the right orbit and diagnosed by computed tomography is reported. PMID- 7354168 TI - Computed tomographic findings in orbital echinococciasis. AB - Computed tomography findings in a proven orbital hydatid cyst are presented. PMID- 7354169 TI - An electronic reticle generator for use with CT scanners. AB - A simple electronic device for superimposing a dot grid of known spacing on a TV monitor used for the display of computed tomography images is described. The device connects directly to the cable leading to the TV monitor and requires no other system interconnection. PMID- 7354170 TI - Predominant white matter involvement in subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger disease). AB - Fifteen of 605 examinations of patients aged 60 to 85 years showed symmetrical white matter hypodensity on computed tomography (CT). Six of these showed severe white matter hypodensity, low grade atrophy, and dilated ventricles. A diagnosis of encephalopathia subcorticalis chronica progressiva, or Binswanger disease, featuring the typical clinical course of neurological and psychiatric symptoms was reached. In one case, the diagnosis was confirmed by postmortem anatomopathological findings. The etiology is considered to be vascular and to represent a special course of arteriosclerosis. In some elderly patients, both white and gray matter involvement is seen on CT, but white matter hypodensity is not a common finding in severe vascular brain atrophy. PMID- 7354171 TI - Computed tomography in cerebral aneurysms with special emphasis on giant intracranial aneurysms. AB - The computed tomography (CT) findings of 105 patients with a total of 139 intracranial aneurysms are analyzed. The rate of detection of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage in relation to time since bleeding episode agreed well with previously reported results. Direct visualization of small intracranial aneurysms using 5 mm sections in the postcontrast scan was possible in 58% of the cases. Ten cases of giant intracranial aneurysms (GIA) more than 25 mm in diameter are analyzed in depth. Diagnostic criteria for differentiation of GIA from tumors are discussed. Ring shaped postcontrast enhancement of the outer margin of the aneurysm or curvilinear interrupted calcifications were found in totally or partially thrombosed GIA; central or peripheral homogeneous enhancement of the aneurysm's lumen (target sign) was typical of partially thrombosed GIA; and nonthrombosed GIA usually presented as homogeneously enhancing lesions. Differential diagnostic criteria are discussed. PMID- 7354172 TI - Computed tomography of Sturge-Weber syndrome in infants. AB - Computed tomographic findings in two infants with Sturge-Weber syndrome include calcification of the brain not visible on plain radiographs. In both cases, the choroid plexus was very prominent, and, in one, a hemangioma of the choroid plexus was found at surgery. In the other, especially dense deposits of mineral were identified at surgery to be calcified branches of the middle cerebral artery. PMID- 7354173 TI - Computed tomography of the lumbar thecal sac. AB - With a high resolution modification of a translate--rotate body scanner (EMI CT5005), radiologists may now demonstrate the epidural fat, thecal sac, and axillary pouches of the lower thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spinal canal without using contrast agents. Preliminary results with a newer rotary motion scanner (EMI CT7070) suggest that this scanner achieves sequally good delineation of intracanalicular anatomy. PMID- 7354174 TI - High resolution computed tomography in cervical syringomyelia. AB - Thirty-two cases of documented cervical syringomyelia, 13 of which were already surgically proven, were explored by high resolution computed tomography (CT). A central cavitation was demonstrated in all cases. High resolution CT appears to be more reliable than myelography and should be the examination of choice in cervical syringomyelia. PMID- 7354175 TI - Demonstration of the normal extrahepatic biliary tract with computed tomography. AB - When optimum computed tomography (CT) technique and computed angiotomography are utilized, the normal extrahepatic biliary ducts (equal to or less than 6 mm in diameter in patients without cholecystectomy) can be demonstrated in approximately 30% of clinical scans. Measurement of the anteroposterior diameter of the bile duct is more accurate than recording the transverse diameter, since the apparent transverse dimension will vary depending on the orientation of the duct in the plane of section. Phantom studies indicate that the absolute error of measurement is approximately one pixel diameter irrespective of duct diameter. The normal and abnormally dilated extrahepatic biliary ducts should be distinguished with CT. PMID- 7354176 TI - Computed tomography of the dilated main pancreatic duct. AB - The ducts of the pancreas undergo changes secondary to pancreatic disease. This report is based on computed tomographic studies of 13 cases with enlarged main pancreatic ducts. All patients showed severe pancreatic disease of tumoral or inflammatory etiology. The dilatation of the main pancreatic duct was confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and pancreaticography, surgical intervention, biopsy, and/or autopsy in all but two cases. PMID- 7354177 TI - Computed tomographic studies of thoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis. AB - Thoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis is a compensatory mechanism usually seen in thalassemia. Four thalassemic patients with this finding are reviewed and studied by computed tomography. PMID- 7354178 TI - The role of computed tomography in assessment of tumoral pathology of the adrenal glands. AB - The findings at computed tomography (CT) of the adrenal glands in 58 patients are presented. Most patients (50) were referred for suspected adrenal dysfunction. In three, adrenal masses were suspected from other radiological studies. Three patients had palpable abdominal masses, and incidental adrenal metastases were found in two. Pathological findings included pheochromocytomas (nine patients), adrenocortical adenomas (six), adrenocortical carcinomas (three), metastases (two), and one example each of myelolipoma, hemorrhagic renal cyst, and probable granuloma. Of 24 adrenal masses, 23 were clearly apparent in the scans and one was suspected. The smallest tumor diagnosed was 0.5 cm in diameter. There was on false positive diagnosis of a small tumor and no known false negatives. Because of their consistent location and unusual shape and because they are usually surrounded by retroperitoneal fat, the adrenal glands are ideal organs for study by CT, a highly accurate method for detecting and excluding mass lesions that may render arteriography and venography unnecessary. Surgery was performed in five patients with tumors following localization by CT only. Limitations and potential diagnostic pitfalls in interpretation are discussed. PMID- 7354179 TI - Retroperitoneal processes involving the psoas demonstrated by computed tomography. AB - Twenty-five patients were found to have retroperitoneal pathology involving the psoas muscle including nine patients with inflammatory lesions, three with hematomas, seven with adenopathy, one patient with leukemic infiltration of the psoas, and five with retroperitoneal tumors. Computed tomography (CT) offers a unique method to investigate pathological processes that affect the psoas. In addition, the abdominal films on 24 of the patients were analyzed to correlate the value of radiography with that of CT. Computed tomography confirms the belief that the mere presence of a retroperitoneal mass will not necessarily obliterate the psoas. PMID- 7354180 TI - Production of thin CT sections and coronal and sagittal images by spatial filtering. AB - A method for the production of thin axial transverse sections, coronal views, and sagittal views from overlapped thick computed tomography (CT) scans has been developed. Thin slices are produced by spatially filtering the overlapped CT data using a filter that is a combination of square waves in the spatial domain. Resolution recovery and noise properties have been examined in phantomas and patients for a selection of filter parameters. Sample results of these studies are presented. The method has been applied to data from several hundred patient studies. Several of these cases are shown to illustrate the method. PMID- 7354181 TI - Effect of smoothing brain scans: a study using receiver operating characteristic curves. AB - A sample of computed tomography (CT) brain scans containing marginal lesions with different degrees of spatial smoothing was shown to two groups of observers. One group consisted of radiologists who had considerable experience in the interpretation of CT brain scans, whereas those in the other group had only limited experience. Neither group showed any significant change in ability to detect the marginal lesions when the pictures were smoothed. The groups were able to make diagnostic decisions even on pictures with high degrees of smoothing. PMID- 7354182 TI - Stump the experts. PMID- 7354183 TI - Sclerodermoid changes in a patient with metastatic malignant melanoma. AB - A 55-year-old man with metastatic malignant melanoma suddenly developed sclerodermoid changes in association with a large metastasis on one side between neck and shoulder. Sclerodermoid changes are not commonly associated with visceral malignancies. We suggest that such cutaneous changes may result from immunologic phenomena related to rejection of malignancies, analogous to graft versus-host reactions in which sclerodermoid changes are seen. PMID- 7354184 TI - Cutaneous metastases from a follicular thyroid carcinoma. AB - A 56-year-old man developed several deep cutaneous nodules in the pelvic area and on the upper extremities, trunk, and scalp. Biopsy revealed cutaneous metastases from a follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, for which the patient had been treated two and one-half years previously. PMID- 7354185 TI - Dermabrasion under regional anesthesia without refrigeration of the skin. AB - A method by which dermabrasion of the face is performed under a combination of nerve blocks and local infiltration of anesthetics and without refrigeration is described. PMID- 7354186 TI - Treatment of cutaneous neoplasms by intralesional injections of 5-fluorouracil (5 FU). AB - Successful management of keratoacanthomas and basal-cell epitheliomas by intralesional injections of 5-fluorouracil is reported. PMID- 7354188 TI - An easy way to obliterate large dead spaces resulting from ablation of large pilar cysts. PMID- 7354187 TI - Surgical excisions from and reconstructions of the oral lips. AB - Basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinomas frequently develop on or around the oral lips. They are treatable by surgery. The principles of surgical excisions from and reconstructions of the site are outlined and illustrated for small, medium, and large lesions. PMID- 7354189 TI - Treatment of lesions of steatocystoma multiplex and other epidermal cysts by cryosurgery. PMID- 7354190 TI - Ear dominance and sequential interactions. AB - When two tones of different frequency are simultaneously presented, one to each ear, a single pitch may be heard that corresponds to the frequency delivered to one ear rather than to the other. That is, the frequency information delivered to one ear may be followed and to the other ear suppressed. The present study explored the sequential conditions under which this effect occurs. Clear ear dominance was obtained in sequences where the two ears received the same frequency in succession. However, ear dominance was absent in sequences where successive dichotic chords were composed of different frequencies. From these and other findings a basis for ear dominance is proposed. PMID- 7354191 TI - Off-frequency listening and auditory-filter asymmetry. AB - The phenomenon of off-frequency listening, and the asymmetry of the auditory filter, were investigated by performing a masking experiment in which a 2.0-kHz tonal signal (0.4 sec in duration) was masked by a pair of noise bands, one below and the other above the tone. The noise bands were 0.8-hKz wide. The edges of the bands were very sharp, the spectrum level in the band was 40 dB SPL, and the masker was on continuously throughout the experiment. Tone threshold was measured as a function of the distances from the tone to the nearer edge of each noise band. It was assumed that conditions in which one noise band was near the tone and the other remote from the tone would encourage the observer to listen off frequency, that is, to center his auditory filter, not at the tone frequency, but at the frequency that optimizes the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the filter. The threshold data were analysed with a power spectrum model of masking in which it was assumed that the general form of the filter shape was a rounded exponential (a pair of back-to-back, negative exponentials with the peak smoothed and the tails raised). The specific filter shape obtained by applying this model to the threshold data has a broad passband (a 200-Hz, 3-dB bandwidth), steep skirts (slopes of 100 dB/octave) and shallower tails (slopes of 30-50 dB/octave) that take over 30-35 dB down from the peak of sensitivity. The filter is asymmetric, with the lower branch slightly broader than the upper. The filter is shifted off frequency by more than half its bandwidth in some cases, and the shift can improve the signal-to-noise ratio by up to 5.0 dB. PMID- 7354192 TI - The pitch of vibrato tones. AB - A review of previous experiments on the pitch of vibrato tones and the reasons why a new measurement was needed are given. A method of adjustment was used to find the pitch for tones with center frequencies of 220, 440, 880, and 1500 Hz, with total nominal vibrato widths of 50, 100, and 200 cents, and vibrato rates of 4, 6, and 8 Hz. In one case a complex (square) wave was used as the carrier. The pitch is close to the geometric mean of the two extreme frequencies. Another experiment, using an asymmetrical vibrato waveform, shows an averaging of all frequencies present and not just the extreme frequencies. PMID- 7354193 TI - Evaluation of vowel normalization procedures. AB - Vowel normalization procedures are commonly evaluated on the basis of how effectively they separate the vowels of a single test data set into distinct groups corresponding to the phonetic categories of that language. A quantifiable method of evaluation is proposed here, based on how much of the overall variance is removed from the data. This evaluation method is applied to the vowels of six different Germanic languages which have been normalized according to four different procedures. It is shown that no one normalization procedure is the most effective for all languages. Furthermore, some of the most successful of these normalizations introduce procedural artifacts into the data, and as a result the relative quality of vowels across languages or dialects is altered. In such cases, it is shown that comparison of the normalized vowels of one language with the (separately) normalized vowels of another language are not valid if the vowel systems are different. Some reasons for the appearance of these procedural artifacts are discussed. PMID- 7354194 TI - Discimination of relative onset time of two-component tones by infants. AB - A great deal of research has focused on the perception of voice onset time (VOT) differences in stop consonants. Yet, the nature of the mechanisms responsible for the perception of these differences is still the subject of much debate. Recently Pisoni [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 61, 1352-1361 (1977)] has presented evidence which suggested that the perception of VOT differences by adult listeners may reflect a basic limitation on processing temporal order information by the auditory system. For adults, stimuli with onset differences approximately greater than 20 ms are perceived as successive events (either leading or lagging), while stimuli with onset differences less than about 20 ms are perceived as simultaneous events. Thus, differences in voicing may have an underlying perceptual basis in terms of three well-defined temporal attributes corresponding to leading, lagging, or simultaneous events at onset. The present experiment was carried out to determine whether young infants can discriminate differences in temporal order information in nonspeech signals and whether their discimination performance parallels the earlier data obtained with adults. Discimination was measured with the high amplitude sucking (HAS) procedure. The results indicated that infants can disciminate differences in the relative onset of two events; the pattern of discrimination also suggested the presence of three perceptual categories along this temporal continuum although the precise alignment of these categories differed somewhat from the values found in the earlier study with adults. PMID- 7354195 TI - Preliminary observations on the response of perioral single motor units to mechanical stretch. AB - This research represents part of a series of investigations into the function of mechanoreceptor feedback in lip motor control for speech. In the present study, precise mechanical stretches were applied to subjects' lips while they held the firing frequency of a given single motor unit relatively constant using audio and visual feedback. Preliminary data indicate that mechanical stimulation produces a range of short and long latency excitatory and inhibitory effects in perioral motor units. Of particular interest are short latency inhibitory effects in the depressor labii inferior and platysma muscles. These short latency inhibitory effects suggest that the central organization of the perioral sensorimotor system may possess a form of reciprocal innervation. The operation of a circuit is described which permits improved experimental control over the timing of stretch application relative to moter unit discharge. Initial data collected with this circuit suggest that it may be effectively used to assess the time course of subthreshold excitability changes associated with individual motor units during their repeated discharge. PMID- 7354196 TI - Production and perception of vowel length in spoken sentences. AB - A series of experiments was conducted to determine (1) the accuracy with which vowel segment durations in spoken sentences can be represented in auditory sensory storage and (2) the extent to which phoneme boundaries in the identification of phonemic vowel length in Dutch are affected by syntactic and/or auditory-phonetic context. In a preliminary production test it was found that durations of both long and short Dutch vowel phonemes in monosyllabic words embedded in sentences are systematically affected by word positions in the sentences. In an initial perceptual experiment, phoneme boundaries and slopes of identification curves were measured for 12 listeners in five different test utterances in a binary forced choice identification test. Perceptual accuracy of vowel duration perception as determined from the slopes of the identification curves corresponds on the average to a just-noticeable difference (JND) of about 5 ms with a test segment duration of about 90 ms. Phoneme boundary values are systematically affected by context in ways predictable from syntactic structure and the auditory-phonetic environment. In a second perceptual experiment it is shown that a major effect on phoneme boundary can be brought about by perceived properties of the test utterance following the monosyllable containing the test segment. In a third perceptual experiment it is shown that the difference between phoneme boundaries in utterance final syllable and in embedded syllable is related to the presence or absence of a perceived speech pause following that syllable. The results of these experiments are interpreted in terms of a simple decision model with a noisy auditory representation of embedded vowel duration, lasting a few hundredths of milliseconds, and a noiseless internal criterion for vowel length identification which is systematically affected by the auditory phonetic environment. PMID- 7354197 TI - Stimulus dominance in fused dichotic syllables: trouble for the category goodness hypothesis. AB - Repp [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 60, 456-469 (1976)] hypothesized that dichotic stimulus dominance relationships between fused speech sounds reflect the relative category goodness of the competing stimuli, i.e., their relative perceptual distances from the listener's linguistic category prototypes. In experiment I, 15 synthetic syllables from a /bae/-/dae/-/gae) continuum were dichotically fused with three selected stimuli from the same continuum and presented to listeners for identification. Stimuli in the vicinity of phonetic category boundaries were found to make weaker dichotic competitors than stimuli from well within a phonetic category, as predicted. However, some systematic deviations from the predictions and large individual differences were noted. In experiment II, synthetic syllables from a /ba/-/da/-/ga/ continuum were paired with either of the two endpoint stimuli (/ba/,/ga/) in dichotic or mixed presentation. The resulting fused hybrid stimuli were presented in identification and AXB discrimination tests. The hybrids were perceived quite categorically, and there was little difference between dichotic and mixed modes of presentation. These results did not replicate earlier data [Repp, Haskins SR-45/46, 123-139 (1976)] that had suggested that discrimination of dichotic hybrid stimuli might be based on a level of representation preceding phonetic categorization. The category goodness hypothesis, which implies such a level, was neither supported nor contradicted. In experiment III, the prediction was tested that increasing the aspiration amplitude of a /ta/ syllable, and thus its category goodness, would increase the perceptual dominance of this stimulus over a /da/ simultaneously presented to the other ear. This hypothesis was not supported by the data. Rather, the response pattern suggested that a listener's success in perceptually integrating the aspiration noise (of /ta/) with the fused vocalic portion (of /da/ and /ta/) into a single phonetic percept depended on the perceived spatial locations of these stimulus portions. Taken together, the results of the three experiments cast doubt on the category goodness hypothesis and suggest that dichotic stimulus dominance in fused speech sounds is determined by psychoacoustic factors, some as yet undefined. PMID- 7354198 TI - Speech intelligibility in noise-induced hearing loss: effects of high-frequency compensation. AB - The speech-recognition ability of six listeners with permanent noise-induced hearing losses above 1 kHz was evaluated with the Pascoe High-Frequency Work List spoken by a female talker and presented in the field. In experiment I the words were presented at five intensity levels through five different amplification systems (one with a uniform response and four with increasing amounts of high frequency emphasis). In experiment II the frequency response of the system associated with the highest scores in experiment I was modified in four ways: elimination of frequences above 6.3 kHz, addition and deletion of 1/3-octave emphasis at the low-frequency boundary of the hearing loss, and addition of 6-dB high-frequency emphasis. The frequency response that was associated with the highest word-identification score for each listener had between 20 and 33 dB more gain in the frequency region of the hearing loss than did the uniform response. Three major factors were found to affect the work-identification scores: audibility of the speech energy, separation of the third-octave-band levels of the words from the discomfort threshold, and balance between the low- and high frequency levels of the speech signal. PMID- 7354199 TI - A physical method for measuring speech-transmission quality. AB - A physical method for measuring the quality of speech-transmission channels has been developed. Essentially, the method represents an extension of the Articulation Index (AI) concept, which was developed mainly to account for distortions in the frequency domain (noise, bandpass-limiting). The underlying concept of the present approach, based on the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of a transmission channel, has been adapted to account for nonlinear distortions (peak clipping) as well as for distortions in the time domain (reverberation, echoes, AGC). The resulting index, the Speech-Transmission Index (STI), has been correlated with subjective intelligibility scores obtained on 167 different transmission channels with a wide variety of disturbances. The relative predictive power of the STI, expressed in PB-word score, appeared to be 5%. This accuracy is comparable with results obtained from subjective measurements when about four talkers and four listeners are used. Expressed in terms of signal-to noise ratio, the accuracy is about 1 dB. Pilot studies have been carried out to evaluate the use of the STI for testing digital-speech transmission channels. PMID- 7354200 TI - Children's pure-tone detection. AB - A three-alternative, forced-choice adaptive procedure, with suitable reinforcement, is appropriate for testing auditory sensitivity in young children. Data obtained using this rigidly specified test protocol support previous findings of reduced auditory sensitivity in young children. PMID- 7354201 TI - On the use of a three-words-per-item format in tests for the hearing of speech. AB - Single-word lists and sentence lists each have their own advantages and disadvantages for testing hearing for speech. A short history is offered of the attempts since 1941 to achieve the advantages of sentential material by presenting strings of grammatically unrelated words. Such material retains the several advantages of single-word tests. At least two recent tests using a three monosyllables-per-item format with closed-response sets are seen to make significant advances over earlier tests in maximizing advantages and minimizing disadvantages of material presented. PMID- 7354202 TI - Anemia in institutionalized elderly patients. AB - In a one-year period (1976--1977), 161 residents of a long-term facility were evaluated. There were 44 men and 117 women. According to criteria established by the World Health Organization, 64 residents (40 percent) were anemic. The incidence was greater for women than for men. The peak incidence occurred in the 71--80 age group for women, and in the 90+ age group for men. Iron deficiency secondary to surgical procedures, gastrointestinal bleeding or anticoagulant therapy was the most common cause of correctable anemia. Of the 64 anemic patients, 42 percent responded to therapy. Anemia among the elderly in institutions is often reversible, unlike the anemia of chronic disease. Evaluation should include a careful history and physical examination plus readily available laboratory findings. Invasive procedures are rarely indicated. PMID- 7354203 TI - Proteinuria and renal function during antihypertensive treatment for essential hypertension. AB - In an attempt to determine the effects of antihypertensive treatment on proteinuria and renal function, these factors were studied in 155 patients with essential hypertension, before and during antihypertensive therapy. Slight renal impairment tended to increase with the progress of hypertension, as evidenced by a slight but significant increase in the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine, and by a progressive decrease in creatinine clearance. A decrease in proteinuria appeared as early as one month after initiation of treatment and continued for at least two years during treatment. Apparently the proteinuria was caused by increased glomerular pressure and by vascular damage in the glomerular vessels. In 7 patients, normalization of blood pressure resulted in an elevation of BUN and creatinine concentrations, although initial renal function did not differ significantly from that in other groups who did not show such derangement during treatment. Thus, a reduction of proteinuria seems to be a good criterion for predicting beneficial results from antihypertensive treatment. PMID- 7354204 TI - Age differences in the severity and outcome of burns. AB - This study concerns the relationship between age and injury in 1,297 patients with recent burns who were admitted variously to 73 hospitals. Older patients showed a significantly higher proportion of severe injuries than did middle-aged and younger groups. Even after adjusting for the severity of injury, the morbidity and mortality were higher in the over-65 group. These poorer results did not seem to be entirely accounted for by older age and greater severity of the burn. Surgical treatment such as debridement and grafting was used no more frequently in older patients than in younger ones, even though the greater severity of the burns would normally be expected to require more operations. The fact that older patients had more complications could have influenced physicians in their surgical decisions. Also, the attitude that the elderly are less able to tolerate surgical procedures may have played a role in the use of less aggressive treatment in relation to the severity of the burn. PMID- 7354205 TI - Role of physical therapists in physical activity programs in nursing homes: a survey. AB - A survey was conducted to help define the role of physical therapists in physical activity programs in nursing homes. Questionnaires were completed by 64 physical therapists working in nursing homes of 130--150 bed capacity. The major factors studied were employment status, work-time at the facility, interprofessional relationships, and available equipment and space. Of the respondents, 43.7 percent were involved in physical activity programs, the most common roles being staff instruction and consultation. Only a small percentage of the time was used for programs; most of the time was occupied with individual physical therapy treatment. The principal types of programs with physical therapist involvement were ambulation and gait training, bed exercises, and general group exercises. Equipment and space seemed adequate. Physical therapists were likely to be involved in physical activity programs if: 1) they were employed by the nursing homes, were paid on a salary basis, worked at the nursing homes full-time or nearly full-time, and did not work elsewhere; 2) such programs were mentioned during discussion of the work agreement; and 3) the coordinator of the physical activity programs was an occupational therapist or a nurse rather than an activities director or recreational therapist. PMID- 7354206 TI - Hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma: case report. AB - The incidence of endometrial carcinoma is particularly high in postmenopausal women. Screening techniques are not yet satisfactory. Postmenopausal anatomic physiologic changes in the genitalia may prevent visualization and exploration of the uterine cervix. A case report is presented of an 87-year-old woman with a 6 month history of genital bleeding. Severe vaginal stenosis prevented diagnostic curettage, even under adequate anesthesia. To perform the indicated hysteroscopy, a panendoscope had to be employed for direct visualization of the cervix and uterine cavity. Selective biopsy specimens revealed endometrial adenocarcinoma. The hysteroscopy technique is easy to learn. However, if the patient's physician has not acquired this experience, a urologist, who must necessarily use endoscopy extensively, can be of great help in the evaluation fo gynecologic patients with uterine problems similar to those described in this report. PMID- 7354207 TI - Geriatric preventive health maintenance. AB - A preventive approach to geriatric health care should include periodic and systematic assessment of the physical, mental and social status of the elderly person. This article is a review of the important aspects of geriatric health maintenance and calls for more American data from the ambulatory-care setting, to aid in further definition of the preventive approach. PMID- 7354208 TI - Temporal arteritis: cerebrospinal fluid and brain scan abnormalities (case report). AB - A 61-year-old man presented with a syndrome suggesting temporal arteritis. Abnormal radioisotope brain scan and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings were consistent with a diagnosis of intracranial vasculitis. Although the clinical response to steroids was dramatic, improvement in the CSF abnormalities lagged. Nevertheless, persistent use of steroids in high dosage resulted in normalization of both CSF and brain scan abnormalities. PMID- 7354209 TI - Aging and mastication: changes in performance and in the swallowing threshold with natural dentition. AB - Few comprehensive studies of oral function have been conducted on adult populations. A "Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Study of Oral Health in Healthy Veterans" was activated at the VA Outpatient Clinic in Boston in 1969; it included general oral and dental examinations as well as tests of masticatory performance and the swallowing threshold. The current investigation involved 863 subjects from the "Dental Study" who had either their natural teeth or a fixed replacement for missing teeth. Masticatory performance as measured by the subject's ability to reduce a test portion of cut carrot by a mandatory number of chewing stroked remained constant for persons with complete or partially compromised natural dentition. Swallowing threshold performance as measured by the particle size acceptable for swallowing remained constant for persons with complete dentition. Tooth loss significantly decreased the swallowing threshold performance and increased the particle size which the subject was willing to swallow. Older subjects increased the number of chewing strokes and the time required for this test, an observation not related to performance as measured by final particle size. Only with compromised dentition, however, did this increased effort result in increased performance. PMID- 7354210 TI - Selective localization of a Golgi apparatus acid phosphatase isoenzyme in bone using pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. AB - Substrates commonly used for localizing bone Golgi apparatus (GA) acid phosphatase (AcPase), e.g., beta-glycerophosphate, p-nitrophenylphosphate, cytidine-5'-monophosphate, and di(dicyclohexylammonium)-2-napthylthiolphosphate, give strong staining not only of GA but also of lysosomes. Thiamine pyrophosphate and inosine-5'-monophosphate--substrates that give good GA staining in some soft tissues--give only lysosomal staining in bone. No previously used substrate or substrate-effector combination has selectively localized the GA acid phosphatase in bone. This article describes results using a new AcPase medium having pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) as substrate. In bone this medium produced strong staining of the osteoblast GA, but relatively little staining of lysosomes, including lysosomes in osteoclasts. The weak lysosomal staining was almost totally eliminated, without affecting the GA reaction, by pretreating the tissue in 0.3% NH3 solution. Conversely, elevated ionic strength of the substrate medium eliminated the GA reaction, while having little effect on lysosomal staining. The GA enzyme was very sensitive to 1 mM tartrate whereas the lysosomal enzyme was not. These differences suggest the presence of distinct isoenzymes in the two locations. The distribution of osteoblasts with stained GA coincided with the distribution of strongest alkaline phosphatase activity and rapid bone mineralization, supporting previous suggestions that osteoblast GA AcPase is involved in the processing of one or more newly synthesized bone matrix components. PMID- 7354211 TI - Microfluorimetric scanning of sympathetic nerve fibers: quantification of neuronal and extraneuronal fluorescence with the aid of histogram analysis. AB - A high resolution (0.5 micrometer), two-dimensional microfluorimetric scanning procedure was used to quantitate the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence of noradrenaline in the iris of the rat. Scanning of large areas (50 x 50 micrometer) in the sympathetic innervated dilator muscle revealed an overlap between measurements of nerve fibers and of background (smooth muscle). In order to discriminate between both populations, the scan data were converted into fluorescence histograms (256 fluorescence classes, and subjected to mathematical analysis. The characteristics of the background histogram were obtained from scans of iris preparations devoid of fluorescent nerve fibers (pretreatment of the donor rat with reserpine or sympathetic denervation). A curve-fitting program was applied on those fluorescence classes in the normal iris histogram that represent measurements on pure background and resulted in a full background histogram. After subtraction of this background histogram from the original histogram, a nerve fiber histogram was obtained. The validity of the algorithm was evaluated by scanning iris preparations with varying background intensities. The results showed that quantification of the nerve fiber fluorescence was independent of variation in the background. PMID- 7354212 TI - Quantitative immunocytochemical localization of pancreatic secretory proteins in subcellular compartments of the rat acinar cell. AB - The recently developed protein A-gold technique for the detection of intracellular antigenic sites on thin sections was utilized to localize nine different secretory proteins in the rat exocrine pancreas. Amylase, chymotrypsinogen, trypsinogen, lipase, elastase, carboxypeptidases A and B, RNase and DNase, were detected at the level of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi area, and the zymogen granules of the acinar cells, as well as in the acinar lumen. A quantitative evaluation of the labeling showed that its intensity was not identical for all enzymes studied nor in all cellular compartments analyzed. An increasing gradient of the labeling from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi and to the zymogen granules was found for amylase, carboxypeptidases A and B, chymotrypsinogen, trypsinogen, and RNase, while a comparable low degree of labeling in the Golgi apparatus and in the zymogen granules was observed for DNase, lipase, and elastase. These results suggest that the nine enzymes are processed through the same intracellular compartments, but that they may be concentrated to different degrees in the zymogen granules before being released in the acinar lumen. PMID- 7354213 TI - Simplified in situ preparation of cultured cell monolayers for electron microscopy. AB - The use of xylene for the easy separation of cultured cells embedded in situ from their plastic growth surface is described. This step simplifies the preparation of cell monolayers for electron microscopy. PMID- 7354214 TI - Acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity in stored buffy coat smears. AB - The stability of acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity in smears of buffy coats was studied. Fixed smears may be stored up to 20 days at 25 degrees C. Unfixed smears may be stored up to 24 hr at 25 degrees C before there is a significant decrease in activity. In constant, fixed or unfixed smears held at 10 degrees C begin to lose activity within 24 hr. PMID- 7354215 TI - On noncarcinogenic chromogens for horseradish peroxidase histochemistry. PMID- 7354216 TI - Reaction of oxytalan fibers in human periodontium to mechanical stress. A combined histochemical and morphometric analysis. AB - A combined histochemical and morphometric analysis was performed on normal and mechanically stressed periodontal tissue obtained from upper first premolars of ten boys. Oxytalan fibers were demonstrated histochemically according to the method of Fullmer and Lillie. Quantitative and qualitative oxytalan fiber alterations were evaluated by a morphometric analysis. The morphometric results proved that the oxytalan fiber reaction to increased mechanical stress was fibroplasia, fiber lengthening, and narrowing of the fiber diameter. No differences existed between the oxytalan fiber reaction in tension and pressure zones. These findings imply that the processes of functionally induced remodeling are not the same in the soft and hard tissue. PMID- 7354217 TI - Differences between the O-acetylated sialic acids of the epithelial mucins of human colonic tumors and normal controls: a correlative chemical and histochemical study. AB - Chemical analyses, together with histochemical assessments, were carried out on specimens of adenocarcinoma of the colon and histologically normal colonic epithelium (from resection margins from cases of carcinoma of the colon). In the epithelial glycoproteins of the normal tissue, both chemical and histochemical investigations indicated that the great majority of the sialic acids contained a side-chain O-acyl substituent located at position C8, whereas the side-chain substitution of the sialic acids of tumor glycoproteins was markedly reduced. Chemical analysis of the normal glycoproteins indicated that the great majority of the sialic acids were resistant to digestion with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase, presumably due to an ester substituent at C4. The sialic acids of the tumor glycoproteins were significantly different from normal, in that they were less resistant to digestion with neuraminidase (p greater than 0.01), and therefore had a lower percentage of substitution at C4 (p greater than 0.01). PMID- 7354219 TI - Air-care emergency helicopter service: a six-month update. PMID- 7354218 TI - Ultrastructural localization of basic proteins in cytoplasmic granules of rat eosinophils and mast cells. AB - The postformalin ammoniacal silver (AS) and the ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (EPTA) methods were used to localize basic protein at the ultrastructural level in cytoplasmic granules of rat eosinophils and mast cells isolated using a Metrizamide gradient. Intense reaction was seen in the granules of EPTA-treated eosinophils. Following incubation of the cells for 2 hr in EPTA alone, the matrix was stained. After longer incubation (10 hr), however, both the matrix and core were stained. Cytoplasmic granules of the mast cell show a slight or negative reaction with EPTA. With the AS technique, a large number of silver particles were seen in the nucleus of both eosinophils and mast cells. The mast cell cytoplasmic granules showed intense reaction, while those from eosinophils showed no clear reaction. Acetylation of the cells under conditions sufficient to block most free amino groups prio to EPTA or AS treatment greatly reduced (EPTA) or abolished (AS) the reaction. The results indicate 1) that eosinophil granules contain basic proteins both in the matrix and the core, 2) that the mast cell granules contain a basic protein (probably the alpha-chymotrypsin-like enzyme), which reacts strongly with AS, and 3) that the AS and EPTA methods have different specificities. PMID- 7354220 TI - Intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 7354221 TI - Metrizamide myelography--a report of 100 cases. PMID- 7354223 TI - The use and abuse of drugs. PMID- 7354222 TI - Dosing regimens in seriously ill patients. PMID- 7354224 TI - Teenage responsibility. PMID- 7354225 TI - Screening program for genetic/metabolic disorders. PMID- 7354226 TI - Infectious mononucleosis in the elderly. PMID- 7354227 TI - Poor-man's stress test? PMID- 7354228 TI - Locally recurrent breast cancer: a systemic disease. PMID- 7354229 TI - Cardiomyopathy produced in rats with acute renal hypertension. AB - Acute renal hypertension was produced in Sprague-Dawley female rats by the AL between the origins of the renal arteries. These were compared with an LN group. A sham group in which the ligature was placed but not tied was also prepared. MAP was recorded, and the animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, or 4 days after surgery. The hearts were examined histologically, and the lesions, consisting of focal or confluent necrosis of myocardial fibers with mononuclear cellular infiltrate, were scored. In the AL group the intensity of the lesions increased with time. The score on day 1 was 0.92 +/- 0.09; on day 2, 1.37 +/- 0.08; and on day 4, 1.75 +/- 0.01. Values at comparable intervals in the LN group were 0.14 +/- 0.04, 0.27 +/- 0.12, and 0.09 +/- 0.07, respectively (p less than 0.001). No coronary lesions were found. Arterial pressures were significantly elevated in the AL group but not in the LN or sham groups. Ventricular water and potassium were unchanged with the exception of a significant decrease of [K+] in the AL group 2 days after ligation. It is concluded that rats with acute renal hypertension develop cardiac necrosis, with a secondary fall in myocardial [K+]. The possibility that this is due to endogenous renin-angiotensin will require further study. PMID- 7354230 TI - Determination of posttransfusion granulocyte kinetics by chemiluminescence in chronic granulomatous disease. AB - A 14 year old boy with CGD of childhood received HLA-matched granulocyte transfusions in the therapy of an intramural abscess of the ileum. Donor granulocyte survival after transfusion was determined with the endotoxin stimulated NBT test as well as an assay of chemiluminescence employing whole blood. The presence of circulating donor PMNs after transfusion was documented by both techniques. The half-life of donor cells in the first 5 hr following transfusion was approximately 1.4 hr with both techniques. The greatest number of transfused cells was detected by both methods in the patient's blood immediately after the completion of the transfusion. At this time 22.7% of the expected increment in donor PMN concentration was detected by the NBT test, and 13.8% of the expected increment was detected by chemiluminescence assay. Both techniques allow studies of posttransfusion granulocyte kinetics in CGD because of the basic underlying metabolic abnormality of recipient but not donor cells. The chemiluminescence assay may also be adaptable to use in neutropenic patients receiving PMN transfusions. PMID- 7354231 TI - Apolipoprotein CII in type I hyperlipoproteinemia. A study in three cases. PMID- 7354232 TI - Automated microdensitometry and protein assays as a measure for platelet adhesion and aggregation on collagen-coated slides under controlled flow conditions. AB - A parallel-plate perfusion cell was developed for the in vitro study of platelet adhesion and aggregation. Two collagen-coated slides were exposed simultaneously to citrated blood under laminar and controlled flow conditions. The extent of the surface covered with platelets (adhesion) and platelet accumulations (aggregation) greater than about 5 micrometers in height was determined en face by automated microdensitometry of the fuchsin-stained collagen slides. The global measurement of deposited platelet protein per unit of surface was measured with a modified Lowry technique. Correlation among different parameters used to estimate the mass density on the slides, i.e., platelet number, amount of protein, and extent of platelet aggregation, is demonstrated. Acetylsalicylic acid at 100 microM decreased platelet aggregation without affecting adhesion. The new parallel-plate perfusion system offers rapid quantitation of platelet adhesion and aggregation after exposure to flowing blood. PMID- 7354233 TI - Effect of shear rate on platelet interaction with subendothelium in citrated and native blood. II. Relationships among platelet adhesion, thrombus dimensions, and fibrin formation. AB - The adhesion of human platelets to subendothelium of rabbit aorta and the formation of microthrombi (aggregation) were investigated in an annular chamber after perfusion of native or citrated blood at wall shear rates ranging from 650 to 3300 sec-1. Previous studies demonstrated reduced adhesion and increased thrombi with native as compared to citrated blood and suggested that thrombi grow larger and higher in native blood. In the present study, thrombus dimensions were quantified by newly developed stereological techniques. The thrombus volume per surface area of subendothelium increased with increasing shear rate and was significantly greater in native blood. At 1300 sec-1 thrombi less than 5 and less than 10 micrometers in height were more frequent in citrated blood, and those greater than 20 micrometers were much more frequent in native blood. Maximum thrombus heights were 62 +/- 7 and 71 +/- 5 micrometers in native and 17 +/- 2 and 28 +/- 4 in citrated blood at shear rates of 650 and 1300 sec-1, respectively. Surface coverage with fibrin was 30%, 11%, and 0% at shear rates of 650, 1300, and 3300 sec-1, respectively. In addition, the effects of approximately 15 and approximately 45 mM citrate (final concentration in plasma) were studied at shear rates of 200, 650, and 2600 sec-1. At a citrate concentration of approximately 45 mM aggregation was abolished, and adhesion was strongly inhibited at the highest shear rate. We conclude that citrate (1) inhibits platelet attachment kinetics, thus acting to reduce adhesion, and (2) inhibits platelet aggregation and thrombus stability, thus reducing thrombus heights, which (3) may indirectly lead to increased adhesion. PMID- 7354234 TI - The influence of exercise and diet on myoglobin and metmyoglobin reductase in the rat. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the influence of exercise and diet on selected aspects of heme protein metabolism in the rat. Two levels of treadmill exercise and three levels of dietary restriction were imposed on growing male rats over a 12-week experimental period. Neither training nor diet had any effect on erythrocyte NADH-MetHB reductase. The group undergoing the highest level of treadmill exercise had a significantly lower HB concentration. The activity of NADH-MetMB reductase was increased in the group undergoing the highest level of training and decreased in the groups whose diet was restricted by 25% and 35%. These changes were seen only in the soleus muscle. Other muscles, including the heart, psoas, and quadriceps were unaffected by either exercise of diet. Both levels of exercise were effective in increasing muscle MB concentration, but only in the quadriceps and soleus muscles. These data illustrate the adaptive nature of muscle MB and NADH-MetMB reductase. They also illustrate the different adaptive patterns of these two components of muscle. PMID- 7354235 TI - Enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in infants and children with ileal resection. AB - Seven children who had undergone ileal resection of varying lengths as neonates were studied to determine later gastrointestinal function with specific emphasis on the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. Fecal homogenate and aqueous supernatant bile acid concentrations and serum bile acids were analyzed. Cholic acid kinetics were measured by the isotopic dilution technique, with multiple duodenal bile samples obtained within 48 hr after intravenous 14C--cholic acid. As compared to those of age-matched controls, significantly increased fecal homogenate bile acid concentrations (p less than 0.05) and fecal aqueous supernatant bile acid concentrations (p less than 0.01) were present. Fasting and postcibal serum bile acid concentrations were significantly reduced (p less than 0.001). Increased FTRs for cholic acid (p less than 0.001) were present in children with resection. The FTR correlated significantly with resection length (p = 0.012). Fasting pool sizes of chenodeoxycholic and cholic acid measured after an overnight fast were variable. Three children had significantly reduced cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid pools, and one had a reduction in the cholic acid pool only. The cholic acid pool size correlated directly with the postprandial rise in serum CG concentration (p = 0.003). The fecal coefficient of fat excretion and fecal weights were only moderately increased. Although rapid turnover of bile acids was present following neonatal ileal resection, efficient compensatory mechanisms during infancy and childhood allowed adequate intraluminal bile salt concentrations for normal fat solubilization throughout the day and resultant mild steatorrhea and diarrhea in our study patients. PMID- 7354237 TI - Elucidation of the pharmacokinetic interaction between acutely administered ethanol and benzodiazepines. PMID- 7354236 TI - Serum concentrations of C3 and C4 of the complement system in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - In a search for host factors for the complex multifactoral disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, we compared some major components of the complement system in 111 subjects with forced expiratory volumes in 1 sec less than 70% of predicted (index subjects) to those in 111 subjects matched as pairs for age, sex, smoking, and occupation having forced expiratory volumes in 1 sec more than 85% of predicted normal. Significantly lower blood levels of C3 and C4 were found in the index subjects (p less than 0.001). Among the index subjects there was a significant correlation between chronic cough and expectoration and low C3 and C4. There was not a significant correlation between low values and the frequency and severity of past respiratory infections. Levels of serum B globulin fraction, in which C3 and C4 migrate, were not different between the index and control subjects. PMID- 7354238 TI - Effect of ethanol on benzodiazepine disposition in dogs. PMID- 7354239 TI - Heterogeneity of human factor VIII. III. Transitions between forms of factor VIII present in cryoprecipitate and in cryosupernatant plasma. AB - Human factor VIII in plasma is a disperse protein consisting of a series of aggregates wih different molecular weight. VIIR:Ag and VIII:C are present in all forms, but VIIR:WF is confined to the highest molecular weight forms only. After cryoprecipitation of plasma the latter are recovered in the precipitate, and the lowest molecular weight forms remain in the supernatant. Disaggregation of high molecular weight forms of factor VIII was found in vitro upon repeated cryoprecipitations. The disaggregation was detected only when the original low molecular weight forms were removed. The additional low molecular weight forms possessed VIII:C and VIIR:WF was lacking. The reverse process of aggregation of low molecular weight factor VIII to more highly aggregated forms was not observed. Exchange of VIII:C between high and low molecular weight fractions was demonstrated by gel chromatography of mixtures of hemophilic cryoprecipitate and normal concentrated cryosupernatant, and vice versa, at physiologic ionic strength. This suggests that VIII:C and VIIR:Ag are weakly and noncovalently linked in normal conditions. This was further supported by the dissociation of VIII:C from VIIIR:Ag and VIIIR:WF upon gel chromatography and cryoprecipitation at pH 6.2 The dissociation could be reversed by readjustment of the pH. PMID- 7354240 TI - Kinetics of peritoneal fluid absorption in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Previous measurements of fluid absorption from the peritoneal cavity were made after a single injection of a protein-bound marker by following changes in the concentration of the marker with time. Absorption of the marker substance itself had to be estimated. The present study measured absorption of peritoneal fluid by more direct methods. 1.5 to 2.1 L of 0.9% saline, along with 10 muCi of RISA were infused into the abdomens of nine chronic renal failure patients through peritoneal dialysis catheters. Initial paritoneal fluid volumes were determined by dilution. After 7 hr, a second dose of RISA (5 muCi) was infused, and volumes in the peritoneal cavity were again determinted by dilution of the increment dose. At 8 hr, an attempt was made to recover the RISA remaining in the peritoneal cavity by draining and repeatedly flushing that space. The amount of RISA recovered was used to calculate independently the amounts of RISA and fluid which had been absorbed during the 8 hr period. There was good agreement between peritoneal fluid volumes calculated at 7 and 8 hr by these and other techniques. By 7 hr, 23.8% +/- 10.9 S.D. of the initial peritoneal fluid volume ahd been absorbed. The amount of RISA absorbed during the same period was 17.3% +/- 4.9 of the initially administered dose. At 7 hr, only 23.7% +/- 6.3 of the absorbed RISA was in the plasma. The proposed techniques of volume measurement are valid and point to great variation among patients in the rate of fluid absorption from the peritoneal cavity. PMID- 7354241 TI - The effect of age on serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in normal and osteoporotic women. AB - Serum iPTH was measured in a large series of normal and osteoporotic women as a function of age, with radioimmunoassays using three antisera: GP-1M, which recognizes primarily a region within the 44--68 amino acid sequence of PTH; CH 12M, which appears to recognize primarily intact hormone; and CH-14M, which recognizes primarily a region within the 1--34 amino acid sequence of PTH. In normal women 20 to 90 years of age, serum iPTH increased significantly with age (p less than 0.001); the proportional increase was greater when measured with antiserum GP-1M (80%) than when measured with antiserum CH-12M (30%), which suggests that the increase in circulating carboxyl fragments of PTH was greater than the increase in circulating intact PTH. In 40 patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis, the mean value for serum iPTH assayed by antiserum GP-1M did not differ significantly from that for age-matched normal women; however, three osteoporotic patients had elevated values and thus appear to represent a separate population. When these subjects were excluded, mean serum iPTH assayed by antiserum GP-1M also was lower than normal (p less than 0.001). The mean value for serum iPTH was lower in osteoporotic patients than in normal subjects when assayed by either antiserum CH-12M (p less than 0.001) or antiserum CH-14M (p less than 0.001). Values for serum phosphate and renal tubular phosphate resorption, both indices of PTH function, were increased (p less than 0.005) in the osteoporotic subjects. Although creatinine clearance decreased with age in both normal and osteoporotic subjects, partial correlations with age held constant showed no relationship between creatinine clearance and serum iPTH. This suggests that a decrease in renal function was not the major factor accounting for the rise in serum iPTH with age. We conclude that serum iPTH increases with aging but that for any given age, it is either normal or low in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. PMID- 7354242 TI - Voltage-dependent distal acidification defect induced by amiloride. PMID- 7354243 TI - Digoxin alters quinidine and quinidine alters digoxin pharmacokinetics in dogs. PMID- 7354244 TI - Antibiotic uptake by alveolar macrophages. AB - Optimal therapy of infections caused by bacteria able to survive within phagocytes requires the use of antibiotics which inactivate these intracellular organisms. To define characteristics that determine entry of antimicrobial agents into phagocytes, we studied the uptake of 14 radiolabeled antibiotics by rabbit AM. Cell-antibiotic mixtures were incubated for 2 hr, and at intervals antibiotic uptake was determined by velocity-gradient centrifugation (separation of cells from extracellular antibiotic). Many drugs failed to penetrate AM readily. Cellular concentrations of penicillin G and three cephalosporin antibiotics were much lower than extracellular levels (C/E = less than 0.1 to 0.4). Gentamicin, isoniazid, and tetracycline attained C/E values of 0.5 to 0.8. The more lipid soluble antibiotics, refampin, lincomycin, and chloramphenicol, were concentrated approximately twofold (C/E = 2) in AM. Ethambutol (C/E = 7) and two erythromycin preparations (C/E = greater than 20) were markedly accumulated by macrophages. In comparison with other antibiotics tested, the uptake of clindamycin was both massive and rapid (C/E = 50 by 30 min). Ethambutol, erythromycin and clindamycin uptakes by AM are dependent upon oxidative metabolic processes. Detailed characterization of clindamycin uptake confirmed that the drug is accumulated by an active transport system. These findings, in association with studies of antibiotic-mediated influence on phagocytes, should provide information useful in establishing guidelines for optimal antibiotic usage. PMID- 7354245 TI - Natural history of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in the dog. AB - The natural history of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity is not well described. This study investigated in the dog renal functional and electrolyte abnormalities during and for 20 days following a 10-day course of low-dose gentamicin (7 mg/kg/day), high-dose gentamicin (30 mg/kg/day), and netilmicin (30 mg/kg/day). Renal histology was examined at the end of the study. Renal functional abnormalities occurred only in animals receiving high-dose gentamicin. A fall in maximal urinary osmolality (1579 +/- 347 mOsm/kg/H2O to 450 +/- 118, p less than 0.05) was followed by renal glycosuria and a fall in GFR (66.9 +/- 11.9 ml/min to 21.3 +/- 8.6, p less than 0.05). These three functional indices had recovered by day 30 in the survivors. Plasma potassium fell in animals receiving high-dose gentamicin (3.8 +/- 0.02 mEq/L to 3.3 +/- 0.4, p less than 0.05) and reached the lowest values (2.7 and 2.9 mEq/L) just prior to death in two animals dying in uremia. Netilmicin also caused a significant fall in plasma potassium (4.3 +/- 0.1 mEq/L to 3.9 +/- 0.1, p less than 0.05). Hypocalcemia (10.0 +/- 1.3 mg/dl to 7.8 +/- 1.4, p less than 0.05) but not hypomagnesemia developed following high dose gentamicin. Peak serum aminoglycoside levels after high-dose gentamicin and netilmicin were comparable, but trough levels rose only in high-dose gentamicin animals and paralleled the fall in GFR. Light microscopy of the kidney 3 weeks after high-dose gentamicin demonstrated no proximal tubular necrosis but extensive focal tubulointerstitial nephritis, especially in the juxtamedullary cortex. Similar but less extensive derangements were noted in animals receiving low-dose gentamicin, despite the absence of functional abnormalities. Minor histological abnormalities were noted in animals receiving netilmicin. To summarize: 1) major renal functional and electrolyte abnormalities developed only following high-dose gentamicin and included impaired urinary concentration, glycosuria, reduced GFR, hypokalemia, and hypocalcemia (except for a fall in plasma potassium, similar doses of netilmicin were not nephrotoxic); (2) tubulointerstitial nephritis, particularly in the juxtamedullary cortex, occurred with low-dose gentamicin as well as high-dose gentamicin and may be a factor in delayed or incomplete recovery from gentamicin nephrotoxicity; (3) in this model, netilmicin at comparable doses was substantially less nephrotoxic than gentamicin; (4) renal postassium wasting may be a heretofore unrecognized consequence of aminoglycoside administration. PMID- 7354246 TI - Effects of cholic acid on the metabolism of endogenous plasma triglyceride and on biliary lipid composition in hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - Plasma lipids, endogenous triglyceride kinetics, and biliary lipid composition were determined in 13 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) before and during treatment with cholic acid (15 mg/kg body weight/day for 3 months). In patients with type IIa HLP (n = 5), no consistent effects were seen on fasting plasma lipids or triglyceride turnover determined over a 10-hour period. Plasma triglyceride concentration was decreased in six of the eight patients with type IV HLP. Apparent triglyceride production rate was not significantly changed with initially elevated triglyceride synthesis. Treatment with cholic acid resulted in an increased proportion of bile acids and a decreased proportion of cholesterol and phospholipids in fasting duodenal bile; bile saturation with cholesterol was not significantly reduced. The results ,re discussed in relation to previous studies on the integrated regulation of bile acid and triglyceride metabolism, and it is concluded that cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid exert different effects on plasma triglyceride metabolism and on biliary lipid composition in HLP. PMID- 7354247 TI - Biliary bile acids, bile alcohols, and sterols of Alligator mississippiensis. AB - Bile from Alligator mississippiensis was found to contain a mixture of more than twenty bile acids, bile alcohols, and neutral sterols. Bile acids and bile alcohols were purified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Concentrations were measured by gas-liquid chromatography on 1% HiEFF-8BP and identifications were made by mass spectrometry. The major neutral sterols consisted of 98% cholesterol and 0.8% cholestanol. Bile acids recovered from the acidic fraction were 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid (61%), 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid (9%), 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 alpha cholestanoic acid (8%), and 3-oxo-7 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid (10%). Other C27 bile acids identified were: 3 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid, 7-oxo-3 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid, and 3-oxo-7 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 alpha-cholestanoic acid. Small quantities of C24 cholic, 5 alpha-cholic, chenodeoxycholic, and ursodeoxycholic acids were also detected, as were trace amounts of the C27 bile alcohols 5 alpha cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 26-tetrol, and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 25-tetrol. These results suggest that the alligator is acpable of synthesizing both the 5 alpha and 5 beta-isomers of the C27 bile acids. The small amounts of the C24 bile acids present might originate either from C27 bile acid or bile alcohol precursors or from exogenous sources. PMID- 7354248 TI - Sterol synthesis. Chemical synthesis of 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta, 14 alpha diol. AB - Reported herein is the chemical synthesis of 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta, 14 alpha-diol by mild Wolff-Kishner reduction of 3 beta-acetoxy-8 alpha, 14 alpha epoxy-5 alpha-cholestan-7-one. The preparation of 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-14 alpha ol-3-one from 5 alpha is also described. These compounds were fully characterized by the results of infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high and low resolution mass spectral studies. PMID- 7354249 TI - Differentiation between the 25R- and 25S-isomers of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 26-triol by 13C NMR spectroscopy. AB - This study was designed to examine whether 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can be used to differentiate between the 25R and 25S diastereoisomers of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 26-triol, a key intermiediate in the biosynthetic pathway of chenodeoxycholic acid. Chemical shift values were assigned to the individual carbon atoms with the help of model compounds and multiplicity in the single-frequency off-resonance decoupled spectra. It was found that the corresponding carbons 1-20 afforded identical chemical shifts for both compounds, whereas five of the remaining side-chain carbons gave observed shift differences of 0.05-0.20 ppm. Thus 13C NMR can be used as an additional tool to distinguish between the two 5 beta-cholestanetriols isomeric at C-25. PMID- 7354250 TI - Isolation of 1,3-distearoyl-glycero-2-phosphocholine (beta-lecithin) from commercial 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. AB - Different batches of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) had varying amounts of contaminants which appeared to affect systematic biological studies. This contaminant was separated by silica gel column chromatography followed by high performance liquid chromatography and identified as 1,3 distearoyl-glycerol-2-phosphocholine (beta-lecithin. PMID- 7354251 TI - Skeletal muscle triacylglycerol in the rat: methods for sampling and measurement, and studies of biological variability. AB - Previously reported concentrations of triacylglycerol in skeletal muscle have shown high coefficients of variation, and there have been large differences between mean concentrations reported in a given muscle. Conditions for sampling and measurement were therefore investigated. Samples were best taken under anesthesia as breakdown of triacylglycerol was rapid after decapitation. Silicic acid was preferable to zeolite for removal of phospholipids although either agent could interfere with the estimation. Even with apparently reliable methods, a high variability was found in any one muscle and there were large differences between muscles. It is unlikely that the variability was due to contamination with adipose tissue. Concentrations of glycogen and phospholipid were much less variable. Although the store of triacylglycerol in skeletal muscle in caloric terms was found to be 2-18 times greater than that of glycogen, the variability found is likely to hamper studies of its metabolic role. PMID- 7354252 TI - Effects of feeding cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid on cholesterol absorption and hepatic secretion of biliary lipids in man. AB - Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), in contrast to cholic acid (CA), reduces cholesterol saturation of bile. The mechanisms for these differences were the object of this study. Investigations were carried out in nine white men; three nonobese subjects and one obese subject were fed a weight-maintenance diet, and five obese patients had a reduced caloric intake for weight reduction. They were given a daily dose of 750-1000 mg CDCA or CA for one month after which they received the other bile acid for another month. The effects of both bile acids on bile acid pool size and hepatic secretion rates of biliary lipids were determined. Total bile acid pools were increased markedly by both CDCA and CA, but to about the same degree for each. Thus, the superior action of CDCA for lowering saturation of bile could not be explained by its effect on the pool sizes of bile acids. On the other hand, hepatic secretion of cholesterol, both during feeding and fasting, was found to be reduced to a greater extent by CDCA than by CA. A theoretical mechanism by which CDCA might lower hepatic outputs of cholesterol is the inhibition of cholesterol absorption. To examine this possibility, cholesterol absorption was estimated by use of an intestinal perfusion technique. No differences were obtained between the two treatment periods for either percentage or net absorption of cholesterol; thus it is unlikely that decreased absorption could account for the reduced cholesterol secretion. Another possibility is that CDCA might affect the interrelations of the three biliary lipids differently than CA. This was explored by measurements of hepatic secretion rates of these lipids. We observed a linear relationship between the secretion rates of bile acids and cholesterol, cholesterol and phospholipids, and bile acids during both treatment periods. However, cholesterol:phospholipid ratios were higher during CA therapy than with CDCA, and they increased still more during fasting in most CA-treated subjects, but not with CDCA. This indicated that there is a marked difference between the two bile acids in the degree of coupling of cholesterol and phospholipids in fasting. We suggest that the reduction in bile sa;uration on CDCA is most likely the result of changes in the interrelations of the different biliary lipids at the site of their secretion and/or inhibition of cholesterol output from the liver because of suppressed cholesterol synthesis in this organ. PMID- 7354253 TI - Hepatic cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in subjects with gallstones: comparative effects of short erm feeding of chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acid. AB - The activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase and 7alpha hydroxylase, the enzymes controlling the rate of hepatic synthesis, respectively, of cholesterol and bile acids, and the microsomal cholesterol content were evaluated in 25 patients with cholesterol gallstones and 17 subjects without gallstones. The same quantities were estimated in 16 additional patients with gallstones given chenodeoxycholic (CDCA) or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) at a dose of 15 mg/kg per day in order to investigate the comparative effect of a short term (7 days) administration of the two bile acids on the hepatic sterol metabolism. As compared to the controls, subjects with gallstones exhibited a 36% decrease of 7alpha-hydroxylase (26.8 +/- 6.2 versus 41.7 +/- 4.2 pmol/min per mg protein) and a 24% increase of the microsomal cholesterol (78.7 +/- 15.3 versus 63.1 +/- 18.1 nmol/mg protein). Although higher in the gallstone patients, the activity of HMG-CoA reductase did not differ significantly in the two groups of subjects. Administration of CDCA and UDCA changed the bile acid pool composition so that the fed bile acid predominated in the bile (mean CDCA 73% and mean UDCA 54%). Bile lipid composition did not appreciably change. In the eight subjects treated with CDCA the activity of HMG-CoA reductase was reduced to 45% of the value of untreated subjects (27.9 +/- 14.5 versus 63.5 +/- 25.3 pmol/min per mg protein) whereas in the eight subjects treated with UDCA the same enzyme showed a twofold increase (123.5 +/- 20.9). In the treated groups 7alpha-hydroxylase activity was somewhat decreased but the values did not differ significantly from those of the untreated subjects. Microsomal cholesterol content decreased with CDCA (64.8 +/- 11.6 nmol/mg protein) as well as with UDCA (59.1 +/- 10.1) treatment; however in the latter the difference attained statistical significance (P < 0.05). Altogether the results would suggest that in the liver of patients with gallstones the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids is somewhat reduced, and that changing the bile acid pool composition, by exogenous bile acid feeding, has disparate effects on hepatic cholesterol synthesis. The findings could represent the acute changes produced by bile acid feeding, however they could imply that the effects of two bile acids in dissolving cholesterol gallstones might not be related only to the changes in hepatic sterol metabolism.-Carulli, N., M. Ponz De Leon, F. Zironi, A. Pinetti, A. Smerieri, R. Iori, and P. Loria. Hepatic cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in subjects with gallstones: comparative effects of short term feeding of chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acid. PMID- 7354254 TI - Krabbe disease: a galactosylsphingosine (psychosine) lipidosis. AB - The primary genetic defect underlying Krabbe disease or globoid cell leukodystrophy is considered to be a deficiency of galactosylceramide-beta galactosidase. In the present study of the brains from 18 patients who had died from Krabbe disease at 7-37 months of age, the concentration of galactosylceramide of cerebral and cerebellar white matter was severely reduced to 10-20% of that in age-matched controls. The lowest values were found in the most long-standing cases. Lactosylceramide was reduced to about 50% of normal, while globotriaosylceramide, blobotetraosylceramide and III3-alpha fucosylneolactotetraosylceramide were increased 10 to 100-fold. Two glycosphingolipids, which have never before been isolated from normal human brains were now isolated and characterized: galactosylsphingosine (psychosine) and galactosyl beta 1 leads to 4 galactosylceramide. We were unable to identify galactosylsphingosine in normal human brains with certainty. We estimate its concentration in the cerebral white matter in Krabbe disease to be increased at least 100-fold (higher than normal). Psychosine was isolated also from the cerebral cortex in Psychosine was isolated also from the cerebral cortex in Krabbe disease after derivatization to the N-acetyl form. Its concentration there was 1 nmol/g tissue compared with 6-10 nmol/g in the white matter. All the neutral glycosphingolipids were isolated and their structure proved by the quantitative determination of their components, degradation by acid and specific glycohydrolases and permethylation and gas-liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay of the methylated sugars. The paradoxical findings of a severely reduced concentration of galactosylceramide and a primary deficiency of cerebroside-beta-galactosidase can be explained by the present finding of the accumulation of galactosylsphingosine in the brains from patients who had died from Krabbe disease. The enzyme has a broad specificity and it normally also degrades galactosylsphingosine. Because of competitive inhibition by the accumulated galactosylceramide its lysosomal hydrolysis will be blocked. The concentration of psychosine will steadily increase and reach toxic levels and kill the oligodendroglial cells. This results in an arrest of the galactosylceramide biosynthesis. Therefore, we feel that galactosylsphingosine and not galactosylceramide is the primary storage substance in the brain in Krabbe disease that the disease is a psychosine lipidosis. PMID- 7354255 TI - In vitro cholesterol synthesis in freshly isolated mononuclear cells of human blood: effect of in vivo administration of clofibrate and/or cholestyramine. AB - The rate of incorporation of [2-14C]acetate into cholesterol has been measured in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes from patients on various hypolipidemic drugs that affect whole body cholesterol synthesis. These studies have demonstrated a significant two-fold increase in mononuclear cell cholesterol synthesis rates in patients receiving cholestyramine, a response measurable after 10 days of drug treatment. Mononuclear cell cholesterol synthesis rates were also measured in four groups of patients on the following drug regimens: 1) no medication, 2) clofibrate (2 g/day), 3) cholestyramine (16 g/day) or 4) both clofibrate and cholestyramine. The results demonstrated that the rate of acetate incorporation into cholesterol was significantly greater in the mononuclear cells from patients receiving either cholestyramine (P less than 0.005) or clofibrate plus cholestyramine (P less 0.001), as compared to controls. Patients receiving clofibrate alone did not differ significantly from controls in their rates of mononuclear cell cholesterol synthesis. Factors other than plasma lipoprotein and lipid levels appeared to be responsible for the elevated sterol synthesis rates observed in all patients receiving cholestyramine. PMID- 7354256 TI - pH-Solubility relations of chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acids: physical chemical basis for dissimilar solution and membrane phenomena. AB - We examined by titration the electrochemical properties, apparent pK (pK'a), precipitation pH, and undissociated bile acid solubilities of chenodeoxycholic acid and its 7 beta epimer, ursodeoxycholic acid and their glycine conjugates as functions of a number of physical-chemical variables. Despite comparable pK'a values, ursodeoxycholic acid and its glycine conjugate precipitated from H2O(37 degrees C) at pH values of 8.0-8.1 and 6.5-7.4 whereas chenodeoxycholic acid and its glycine conjugate precipitated at pH values of 7.0-7.1 and 4.,-5.0, respectively. These differences were related to the low solubility of undissociated ursodeoxycholic acid in water (53 microM) and in ursodeoxycholic micelles (saturation ratio of anion:acid, 90-400:1) compared with the higher solubility of chenodeoxycholic acid in water and in chenodeoxycholate micelles (250 microM and 5-25:1, respectively). In model bile systems including those composed of conjugated ursodeoxycholate-chenodeoxycholate mixtures, ursodeoxycholic acid was less soluble than chenodeoxycholic acid and induced the mixtures to gel between pH 7.0 and 4.5-6.5. These results suggest that in vivo 1) the solubility and absorption of oral ursodeo;ycholic acid from the duodenum jejunum may be limited, 2) ursodeoxycholic acid will precipitate in the colon at pH values less than 8.0 but chenodeoxycholic acid is soluble at pH values greater than 6.9 and hence is capable of eliciting a secretory diarrhea, 3) the precipitation pH of glycoursodeoxycholic acid, the predominant bile acid in bile during therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid, falls within the physiological range, thus it is poss;ble that this bile acid may short-circuit the entero-hepatic circulation and even precipitate from bile or gut luminal contents as crystals. PMID- 7354258 TI - Children perceive large-disparity random-dot stereograms more readily than adults. PMID- 7354257 TI - Effects of saturated and polyunsaturated fat diets on the chemical composition and metabolism of low density lipoproteins in man. AB - This study examined the effects of dietary saturated and polyunsaturated fat on the chemical composition and metabolism of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in eight normal male subjects. The influence of these diets on fecal sterol excretion was also measured in four of the subjects. When compared with the saturated fat diet, the polyunsaturated diet lowered both plasma cholesterol polyunsaturated diet lowered both plasma cholesterol (23%, P less than 0.001) and triglyceride (14%, P less than 0.001) levels. Sixty-seven percent of the reduction in the former lipid resulted from a fall in LDL cholesterol (23%, P less than 0.001), although very low density (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels also fell (by 27% and 20% of their respective control value). These changes were accompanied by significant alterations in LDL composition. Specifically, during polyunsaturated fat feeding, the relative percentage cholesterol in the LDL fraction fell while that of phospholipid rose. There was no change in the percentage protein or triglyceride. The fatty acid components of LDL triglyceride, cholesteryl esters, and phospholipid were also affected by dietary fat saturation level. Overall, polyunsaturated fat feeding produced an enrichment in linoleate with reciprocal changes in palmitate, stearate, and oleate which affected triglycerides more than cholesteryl esters and phospholipids. The above changes in LDL composition were associated with alterations in the metabolism of LDL apoprotein (apoLDL). The polyunsaturated deit lowered plasma apoLDL by 13% (P less than 0.05). This resulted from an increase in the fractional catabolic rate of LDL (whether determined by plasma decay curve analysis (P less than 0.05) or urine/plasma radioactivity ratios (P less than 0.001) without significant alteration of its corporeal distribution or synthetic rate. The polyunsaturated fat diet did not cause a consistent change in fecal neutral or acidic steroid excretion. We conclude that the hypocholesterolemic action of polyunsaturated fat diets is effected by multiple mechanisms whose expression may vary from patient to patient. PMID- 7354259 TI - Developmental changes in mental rotation. PMID- 7354260 TI - Heart rate conditioning in young infants using a visual conditional stimulus. PMID- 7354261 TI - The validity of form F of the Matching Familiar Figures Test with kindergarten children. PMID- 7354262 TI - Children's cognitive maps of large-scale spaces: effects of exploration, direction, and repeated experience. PMID- 7354263 TI - Auditory-visual integration in neonates: a signal detection analysis. PMID- 7354264 TI - Comprehension of past and future reference revisited. PMID- 7354265 TI - Orthography, reading, and dyslexia. PMID- 7354266 TI - A developmental study of the role of word order in comprehending Hebrew. PMID- 7354267 TI - The development of complex sentence processing strategies. PMID- 7354268 TI - Developmental changes in incidental memory as a function of processing level, congruity, and repetition. PMID- 7354269 TI - Skin manifestations of diabetes. PMID- 7354270 TI - Sudden death of married couple. PMID- 7354271 TI - Increasing number of women in family practice: an overdue trend. PMID- 7354272 TI - Recognition of pseudoseizures. AB - Failure to recognize pseudoseizures is a common problem, affecting both epileptic patients who additionally have pseudoseizures and nonepileptic patients inappropriately called epileptic. Pseudoseizures most commonly mimic generalized tonic-clonic (GTC, "grand mal") seizures or complex-partial seizures. Several patients whose speudoseizures were not recognized are described. Adhering to logical principles of diagnosis for epilepsy, as for other medical problems, and remaining aware of basic beahvioral dynamics should eliminate the confusion between pseudoseizures and epileptic seizures. PMID- 7354273 TI - Acute nasal trauma: emergency room care of 250 patients. AB - The completeness of the Emergency Room evaluation of the injured nose was determined by reviewing 250 cases of acute nasal injury. A recorded examination of intranasal structures was found for only 42 (21 percent) of 200 patients with blunt nasal trauma. In another group of 50 patients with roentgenographically documented nasal fractures, only 21 (42 percent) had a recorded intranasal examination. Failure to examine the internal nose thoroughly will leave undiagnosed such serious pathologic conditions as septal hematomas, mucosal tears, and fractures and dislocations of the bony and cartilaginous septum, which may cause permanent functional disturbances (nasal airway obstruction) and cosmetic deformities. PMID- 7354274 TI - Determining the "proper" gentamicin dosage in a hospital setting. AB - A method for determining a gentamicin dosage was applied to a patient in a community hospital setting. It was found that many factors, some beyond the practitioner's control, confused proper use of the drug. A case is used to illustrate the difficulties encountered in a community hospital setting when a seemingly straightforward protocol for gentamicin administration for therapy was initiated. The errors associated with each of five levels of personnel are illustrated which if summed could result in potentially serious consequences. In addition to reviewing the literature on gentamicin dosage schedules and making recommendations regarding future research in this area, specific guidelines are proposed for the use of gentamicin in clinical practice. PMID- 7354275 TI - Sexual problems among family medicine patients. AB - A self-administered questionnaire assessing sexual satisfaction and presence of a number of common sexual problems was developed. Following assessment of reliability and validity, the questionnaire was administered to 142 patients seen in a family medicine center. While 56 percent of patients reported one or more sexual problems, such problems were noted in the medical record in 22 percent of the cases. The nature of many of the problems (ie, techniques of foreplay, fear of pregnancy, and differences in attitudes and expectations between partners) suggests an effective role in treatment for the primary care physician. PMID- 7354276 TI - The genogram. AB - The genogram is presented as a technique to record both genetic and interpersonal family-household data. Working with model patients, and using standard instructions and symbols, family medicine residents elicited and recorded an average of 83 percent of available information items during interviews that lasted an average of 16 minutes. Interpretation of data derived from genograms written by other physicians was achieved with a high degree of accuracy (91 to 96 percent correct answers to 25 questions on each of three family-households). The genogram appears to be a practical instrument to record and retrieve family household data, but its wide application will require standardization of both the technique of recording and the symbols employed. PMID- 7354277 TI - Evaluating students in family medicine using simulated patients. AB - Various techniques have been used to evaluate students in family medicine clerkships and electives. Multiple choice or essay questions have been used extensively but are not satisfactory in testing some of the affective areas considered important for future family physicians. At Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, the Department of Family Practice has evolved an evaluation system using simulated patients as well as traditional methods. Simulated patients have proved to be an excellent means of evaluating affective skills which are not easily tested by other techniques. PMID- 7354278 TI - A Balint seminar in the family practice residency setting. AB - British psychoanalyst Michael Balint made important theoretical and pragmatic contributions to family practice, through the seminars of general practitioners he led at the Tavistock Clinic. A weekly Balint seminar, modeled on the Tavistock groups, was held in a family practice residency. The group of second and third year residents, co-led by a behavioral scientist and a family practice faculty member, met for 12 weeks and then re-evaluated topics and discussion format. Issues covered included physician-patient relationships, ethical dilemmas, group therapy concerns, and coping with clinic pressures. Objective evaluation of these seminars, where the goal is attitudinal rather than behavioral change, presents some difficulty. The conclusion is that residents benefited from the seminar, and that some aspects of psychoanalytic theory and technique are applicable to the teaching of behavioral science in family practice residencies. PMID- 7354279 TI - A revisionist theory for the integration of behavioral science into family medicine departments. AB - This article describes the common cycle of infatuation and disillusionment which occurs when the family physician meets the behavioral scientist. Some inherent problems are involved in the relationship between physicians and psychologists. For physicians, these problems are related to prior training, time pressures, perceptions of the patient role, and their attitude toward role innovation. For behavioral scientists, problems include their expectations and prior training, conceptual rigidity, psychological mindedness, their views of physician and patient, and their sense of displacement and isolation in a medical setting. Suggestions are made for future collaboration, curriculum development, problem solving, and the elimination of biases and stereotypes. PMID- 7354280 TI - The referral process: a study of one method for improving communication between rural practitioners and consultants. AB - Communication between referring physicians and consultants, essential for successful completion of the consultative-referral process, was inadequate in a rural clinic. This finding prompted the authors to conduct a randomized prospective trial of a referral form and return mailer in three rural primary care clinics associated with a university medical center. The use of a return mailer increased the percentage of consultant feedback from 39 percent to 60 percent, a highly significant increase. An added benefit was a decrease in the median time interval between a patient's contact with a consultant and receipt of that consultant's report by the rural clinics. The positive effect of the return mailer was consistent among various consultant categories, with the greatest improvement coming from a teaching hospital Emergency Room. The type of referring provider or the emergency status of the patient did not affect the percentage of communications returned. The use of a referral form accompanied by a request for feedback and a return mailer is an inexpensive method of increasing communication between primary care providers and consultants, thereby enhancing the value of the consultative-referral process. PMID- 7354281 TI - Perceptions of the family physician by patients and family physicians. AB - The professional definition of the family physician is not based on research that considers both patient and family physician perceptions. Questionnaire responses from 86 family physicians and 287 patients from ten family practices in Los Angeles were analyzed to compare their attitudes, perceptions, and expectations of the family physician. Both groups agreed the family physician could handle most medical problems (including hospital care), should provide continuity, should emphasize preventive medicine, and should be caring. The physician's manner and skill were felt equally important. Family physician and patient expectations conflicted in four major areas: referral, the handling of emotional problems, concern with and care of family, and the issue of autonomy. Such research may help the development of family practice and improve the patient family physician relationship through improved graduate and continuing medical education for family physicians. PMID- 7354282 TI - Family practice grand rounds. Neonatal death: the family is the patient. PMID- 7354283 TI - Mastery of performance objectives during residency training: faculty vs resident ratings. PMID- 7354284 TI - Family practice research day. PMID- 7354286 TI - Sound and fury in perspective: comments on the primary care backlash. PMID- 7354285 TI - Repeated trauma as the presenting symptom of a pathological grief reaction. PMID- 7354287 TI - Systematic evaluation of medical technology: an urgent need. PMID- 7354288 TI - Eosinophilic pneumonia. AB - There is a broad spectrum of disease encompassed by the various forms of eosinophilic pneumonia. Variations in both clinical course and histologic picture make these conditions difficult to classify. A case is reported of an 18-year-old black female, seven weeks postpartum, who presented with distinctive subcutaneous nodules on her extremities. These progressed to include edema and pruritus of both feet and one arm. She had been taking only oral contraceptives for six weeks. While in the hospital, she developed fevers to 104 F, cough, shortness of breath, and eventual respiratory insufficiency requiring intubation and ventilatory assistance. Chest x-ray films revealed diffus infiltrates. Lung biopsy revealed chronic interstitial organizing pneumonia with vasculitis and marked eosinophilia. She responded dramatically to high dose steroids and recovered. After careful literature review, this case fits best in the category of Carrington chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. It is unusualy in its dermatologic presentation and its fulminant development of respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 7354289 TI - Differential characteristics of adolescent smokers and non-smokers. AB - This survey concerning adolescent smoking behavior includes an 82 percent sample of the entire 8th and 11th grades of a rural school. A relatively high incidence of smoking is noted when compared with national statistics. No differences between smokers and non-smokers were found with respect to knowledge of smoking effects, athletic self-perception, or exposure to the smoking behavior of teachers, physicians, dentists, or clergy. Significant differences were found with respect to exposure to the smoking behavior of parents, siblings, and peers. A significant association between smoking males and depression was noted. Efforts are in process to decrease peer smoking exposure by altering school policy. It is predicted that success in decreasing opportunities for exposure will result in a lower incidence of smoking in this population. PMID- 7354290 TI - Diagnosis is treatment. AB - The diagnostic process not only paves the way for treatment, but also functions as a type of treatment itself. Both behavioral and physical problems can respond to diagnosis properly used as a therapeutic tool. The role of diagnosis in dealing with psychological problems focuses on the ascription of meaning to psychological symptoms through proper diagnosis and effective sharing of that with the patient. The placebo effect is used as a model of how belief and understanding about physical symptoms (derived from the diagnosis) constitute treatment. Finally, it is shown that the meaning which the physician assigns to the disease affects recovery, and a "meaning model" of illness is derived and expanded. PMID- 7354291 TI - Family practice in the predoctoral curriculum: a model for success. AB - Fifty-five percent of students who began their medical education at the University of Minnesota, Duluth, School of Medicine have elected family practice residencies. A coordinated and concentrated approach to admissions and curriculum, emphasizing family practice as an institutional goal, is described and discussed. As the national average for graduating seniors seems to have stabilized at approximately 13 percent, this approach may serve as a model for other institutions which wish to increase the number of family physicians. Family physicians are heavily involved in all aspects of the teaching program. Institutional parameters which are necessary for success are briefly discussed. PMID- 7354292 TI - Patient management by telephone: a training exercise for medical students. AB - An instructional exercise in telephone management of medical problems using experimental and didactic techniques was designed for medical students taking a family medicine clerkship. The effectiveness of this curriculum was evaluated by comparing the students' proficiency against a standard established through the use of a Delphi group opinion technique. This study indicates that formal training experiences for medical students in managing telephone complaints in a family practice setting can improve the students' performance. PMID- 7354293 TI - Patient perception as a tool for evaluation and feedback in family practice resident training. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility and educational value of using patient perception as a form of feedback and evaluation of residents' patient teaching skills. The instrument for assessing patient perception was based on program objectives and was administered to 588 patients over a ten-month period. Individual results were distributed to the respective residents quarterly to enable them to identify strengths and weaknesses of their teaching skills as perceived by their patients. Discussion with a behavioral science faculty member followed. Residents as a whole believed the technique to be of educational benefit and found it helpful to compare their own perceptions of their degree of teaching to that of their patients. Patients reacted favorably to the procedure. The technique provided information to faculty by which they could both assist residents in enhancing their patient teaching skills and provide positive reinforcement for those skills in which residents already excelled. PMID- 7354294 TI - Research policies and practices in family practice residencies. AB - A questionnaire survey of all US family practice residency programs was undertaken to gather information pertaining to the policies and practices of resident research projects. Eight-one percent of the programs responded. The majority of the programs which responded require or encourage research by their residents. Cross-tabulations of the data relate several characteristics of residency programs to their positions on resident research. University based or affiliated/administered programs, programs with fewer residents and larger faculties, and programs in the faculty are engaged in research tend to encourage or require research by residents although these findings are not consistent. Information is also presented pertaining to financing resident research, preparing residents for conducting research, and disseminating the results of residents' projects. PMID- 7354296 TI - Use of hypnosis with children. AB - Hypnosis is a valuable if underused medical tool for increasing compliance, decreasing discomfort and fear, and teaching patients a sense of mastery and constructive control. This article focuses upon the pediatric patient requiring common out-patient procedures. Four case studies are presented. Techniques are discussed with reference to patient selection, methods of induction, trance deepening and maintenance, and deinduction. Specific recommendations are made to incorporate the parents and permit the expression and experience of feelings. Children seem particularly well suited to mobilize their talents for creative fantasies rather than expending their energy in fear and resistance. PMID- 7354295 TI - Purpose of the medical encounter: identification and influence on process and outcome in 200 encounters in a model family practice center. AB - This study concerned two questions: Why does the patient come to the physician? And, how does patient-physician agreement as to the primary purpose affect the process and outcome of the medical encounter? Separate interviews of patients and physicians following 200 medical encounters revealed a preponderance of visits for continuing care, a paucity of visits for social and emotional problems, and a number of visits in which "concern" as the patient's primary purpose was misperceived by the physician. There was no statistically significant relationship when agreement (or lack of agreement) between patient and physician as to the purpose of the encounter was compared with patient age and sex, number of previous visits of the patient to the physician, and subsequent patient physician agreement as to the diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and satisfaction. There was also no statistically significant relationship when patient-physician concordance as to visit purpose was compared with education level of the patient or with physician perception of the patient's intended compliance. In both concordance and non-concordance groups, physicians underestimated both patient satisfaction with the encounters and intended compliance. PMID- 7354297 TI - Family practice grand rounds. Rehabilitation of a young quadriplegic: a team approach. PMID- 7354298 TI - Patient satisfaction with medical students in family practice offices. PMID- 7354300 TI - A family practitioner teaches on an internal medicine service. PMID- 7354299 TI - Neonatal intestinal obstruction due to torsion of an ovarian cyst. PMID- 7354302 TI - Incidental learning in mildly retarded children. AB - Fifteen mildly retarded children (mean CA = 11 years, MA = 8 years, IQ = 71), Including nine males and six females, were compared with the same number of both CA- and MA-matched intellectually normal children, including 14 males and 16 females, on a Type I incidental learning task involving simple recognition and recall skills. The results of this comparison found that the retarded group learned incidentally, as well as the MA-matched normal group, but exhibited significantly poorer incidental learning than the CA-matched normal group. These results supported the hypothesis that an incidental learning deficiency exists for the retarded group compared with the CA-matched intellectually normal children but not with the MA-matched normal children. PMID- 7354301 TI - Paying for medical care--the New Zealand system. PMID- 7354303 TI - A re-examination of Finney's oral and anal characters. PMID- 7354304 TI - Variables affecting time between childbirth and the establishment of lactation. PMID- 7354305 TI - Human figure representation by blind children. AB - The present study examined the extent to which visual experience contributes to children's ability to represent the human figure. Nine congenitally blind children aged 7:11 to 13:7 and nine sighted children aged 7:9 to 13:6 modeled the human figure with plasticene. The controls performed more accurately than the blind children with respect to presence and placement of body parts and significantly (p less than .01) surpassed the latter with respect to proportion of body parts, even when blindfolded. Congenitally blind children did internalize a representation of the human body, but compared to that of sighted children, it was impoverished and systematically distorted. This finding suggests that tactile kinesthetic information cannot fully compensate for visual experience in the formation of an internalized representation of the human body. PMID- 7354306 TI - The march of symptoms in a psychotic decompensation. Case report and theoretical implications. AB - The onset and evolution of symptoms were studied in a female patient with a history of recurrent depressive psychoses. In each episode, her psychotic decompensations were characterized by an orderly and progressive sequence including similar psychological or somatic precipitants, mounting anxiety, nystagmoid eye movements associated with panic, unfolding delusions, and olfactory hallucinations, culminating in a complete psychotic regression. The evolving sequence repeated during each episode in the present case is compared with that of a similarly stereotyped progression of symptoms in temporal lobe and Jacksonian seizures. Kindling is suggested as a model relevant to the understanding of both epilepsy and the functional psychoses. Detailed observation of the evolution of symptoms during psychotic episodes may provide important clues to the underlying pathological anatomy and physiology of psychotic illness. PMID- 7354307 TI - Frontal lobe system dysfunction in some criminal actions as shown in the narratives test. PMID- 7354308 TI - A development in social psychiatry. The systematic study of social bonds. AB - Psychiatric epidemiology has not until now reached the stage at which the individual's immediate social environment can be examined as a principal independent variable. That handicap may now be overcome by a recent development in social psychiatry: the systematic study of social bonds. Work in this area is providing a method for identifying those elements in social relationships which, when deficient, may be causally related to neurosis. There are considerable technical difficulties in teasing apart cause and effect. These can be tackled by designing intervention trials and by fitting structural equation models to longitudinal data. The evidence so far is at least consistent with, but cannot yet prove, the hypothesis that a deficiency in social bonds is a cause of neurosis. PMID- 7354309 TI - Expectations of hospital treatment. Conflicting views of patients and staff. AB - A 40-item therapeutic community questionnaire, developed from a survey of experts, was used to assess the treatment needs and expectations of a group of 30 hospitalized psychiatric patients. The patients' attitudes regarding an ideal ward atmosphere were compared to those, as measured previously by the identical instrument, of the treating staff. The results indicated that psychiatric inpatients found the therapeutic community modality consistent with their needs and expectations. However, staff and patients were divided in attitude toward the therapeutic community concept. The staff's definition of therapeutic community was broad and exceeded the principles of the therapeutic community experts. The patients desired a more conservative approach which combined respect and responsibility with a ward structure that was unambiguous and less democratic. Studies of ward atmosphere as well as premature termination in psychotherapy indicate that such conflicts in viewpoint between patients and staff might have detrimental effects on hospital outcome. A negotiated approach to inpatient treatment is suggested as a means to establish greater autonomy, growth in self esteem, sense of responsibility, and increased trust on the part of hospitalized patients. PMID- 7354310 TI - Some dimensions of dysphorias and their assessment. PMID- 7354311 TI - A comparison of the SADS/RDC and the DSM-III. Diagnosing drug abusers. PMID- 7354312 TI - Objective criteria for the diagnosis of marijuana abuse. AB - Among 97 chronic marijuana users, 9% were found to have had multiple life problems as a consequence of their marijuana use when evaluated during a 5-year follow-up study. Operationally defined criteria for marijuana abuse are presented which are analogous to criteria commonly used in diagnosing alcoholism. These criteria identified marijuana abusers who manifested many problems from marijuana use, including fighting, panic attacks, and traffic tickets. This was in contrast to the majority of the chronic users who did not have multiple complications from their marijuana use. The marijuana abusers had used marijuana more frequently, had used greater amounts of marijuana, and had begun using it at an earlier age than nonabusers. A high rate of alcoholism was found in the abusers but was not statistically greater than in nonabusers. The objective criteria presented here offer a method for simple, prompt evaluation of potential problems from marijuana use. PMID- 7354313 TI - Preschizophrenics: low IQ and aggressive symptoms as predictors of adult outcome and marital status. AB - A sample of child guidance clinic cases with a young adult onset of schizophrenia were followed into middle age. Outcome ratings and marital status were used as predictive criteria for childhood measures of IQ, aggressiveness, and severity of disturbance. The interaction of IQ and levels of aggressive symptomatology revealed a subgroup of preschizophrenics with low IQ and below average aggressiveness who had disproportionately unfavorable adult outcomes and never married status. The results demonstrated the important moderating effects of a second variable on the predictive statements made about an initial predictor. PMID- 7354314 TI - Shift of attention in schizophrenics, siblings of schizophrenics, and depressed patients. AB - This study investigated whether deviant types of attention, measured by reaction time, would characterize schizophrenics, depressives, and healthy siblings of the schizophrenic probands. Nineteen schizophrenics, 16 depressives, 15 healthy siblings of the schizophrenics, and 19 normals were tested on the cross-modal reaction time task. Two ways of conveying information about the impending imperative stimulus were compared to attempt to normalize schizophrenic cross modal retardation. Deviant shift of attention was measured by cross-modal retardation, i.e., a greater than normal lengthening of reaction time to cross modal vs. ipsimodal stimuli. Both schizophrenics and depressives showed deviant shift of attention to sound stimuli, but only schizophrenics were deviant to light stimuli. Anomalous cross-modal retardation was not normalized by the experimental manipulation. Both patient groups showed significantly slowed reaction time, suggesting deviances of general alertness. Depressed patients displayed anomalous sustained attention, indexed by significant lengthening of reaction time over trials. Siblings of schizophrenics did not differ significantly from controls on any aspect of reaction time performance. High magnitude of cross-modal retardation to sound and slow overall reaction time may be markers of psychopathological disorder rather than vulnerability. High cross modal retardation to light may be a marker of schizophrenic disorder. Slowing of reaction time over trials is a potential marker of depressive disorder. PMID- 7354315 TI - Shadowing by context in schizophrenia. AB - Schizophrenics, depressives, and normal controls were tested on a binaural listening task in which pairs of simultaneous continuous prose passages were presented. Subjects were required to shadow one passage of each pair and ignore th other. The passages in each pair, although differing markedly in content, were inseparable on the basis of their physical features. As predicted, the performance of schizophrenics on such a task was markedly worse than that of the other groups. The results were interpreted within the framework of Broadbent's model of selective attention (Broadbent, D.E. Decision and Stress. Academic Press, London, 1971). This makes a distinction between "pigeonholing" (response set) and "filtering" (stimulus set). The present findings are compatible with a schizophrenic defect at the pigeonholing stage. In contrast, the evidence for a defect in filtering specific to schizophrenia remains weak, due to the use of inappropriate control groups in a number of studies reviewed. PMID- 7354316 TI - Eyeglasses and schizophrenic spectrum disease. AB - In an attempt to understand the mystery of schizophrenia, researchers have often studied the eyes of schizophrenic patients. These investigations have included ophthalmological descriptions of the pupil and the disc, electrophysiological research into eye movements, and clinical phenomenological data concerning the bizarre symbolic significance that schizophrenics attach to eyes. This paper attempts to describe how patients who fit the broader definition of schizophrenic spectrum disorder use or misuse eyeglasses, especially in the clinical setting. These patients may lose or break their glasses and not replace them, they may refuse to wear them, or they may simply forget that they wear glasses altogether. The author explores this phenomenon through the study of four case reports and proposes a hypothesis to explain the meaning of this behavior. Its application to clinical treatment is then discussed. PMID- 7354318 TI - Characteristics of life events and psychiatric impairment in rural communities. AB - This household survey of a random sample of 713 rural adults (ages 18 to 60) examined the influence of event characteristics upon the relationship between life change events and impairment. Data were obtained on the occurrence of events, event characteristics, demographic characteristics, and psychiatric impairment (using the General Well-Being Schedule and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). Analysis indicated that individuals experiencing higher proportions of undesirable, unanticipated, unpreventable, and disruptive events or events having minimal social support manifested higher levels of psychiatric symptomatology. Although total number of events was consistently the best predictor of impairment, it did not diminish the effects of the event characteristics on impairment. The independent effects of these event characteristics are discussed. PMID- 7354317 TI - Personal constructs among depressed patients. AB - The Kelly Role Construct Repertory Test (rep grid) was administered to 19 depressed patients, 19 psychiatric controls, and 19 normal controls. Tests were analyzed to produce measures of cognitive complexity, self-ideal congruency, negative self-construing, identification (self-other distances), and consistency of within-factor self-attribution. In comparison to the two control groups, three characteristics of depressed patients emerged: a) the well known tendency to construe oneself negatively occurred but not in terms of a greater number of factors with consistent negative self-description; instead, b) depressed patients had more mixed (positive and negative) self-description than other patients, thus suggesting a propensity to cognitive slot movement; finally, c) independent of positivity/negativity, depressed patients had a greater tendency to view themselves as different from others. From these findings a formulation about depression is presented, and implications for etiology and treatment are discussed. PMID- 7354319 TI - Cognitive taska in the mental status examination. AB - We evaluated the reliability of 20 cognitive tasks as part of a clinical mental status examination. Twenty-five adult psychiatric inpatients were selected at random and inter viewed before three board-certified psychiatrists who, without any knowledge of each other's ratings, completed a form determining the presence or absence of abnormal responses. We found 19 of the 20 items to yield R values of greater than .50, with 14 of these having R values of .80 or better. All correlations were significant at the less than .01 level. We suggest that these cognitive tasks with demonstrated reliability be included in the standard mental status examination. As a group, the tasks are easily and rapidly administered and should provide more accurate clinical screening of patients suspected of cortical dysfunction. These tasks will enable clinicians to make more precise and cost effective referrals for elaborate, time-consuming, and expensive neuropsychological testing. PMID- 7354320 TI - Factors influencing hospital differences in weight gain in anorexia nervosa. AB - In a study of 105 anorexia nervosa patients, large hospital differences were found in weight gain which corresponded exactly to the amount of experience that each hospital had had in treating this disorder, and also corresponded to the degree of milieu structure imposed by each hospital. A further hypothesis to account for the hospital differences was in terms of the prognostic quality of the patients recruited to each hospital. To test the latter hypothesis, a number of prognostic indicators which had already been shown to be related to weight gain were statistically controlled by means of partial correlation. When this was done, the large hospital differences vanished, indicating that they were indeed a function of the qualities the patients brought with them to the hospital rather than what the hospital and its staff did to the patients. The results also indicate that the more experienced investigators seem to be able to recruit patients with better prognoses, whereas the less experienced ones are referred other clinicians' treatment failures. PMID- 7354321 TI - Multimodal treatment of a case of obsessive-compulsive neurosis. AB - A severe incapacitating case of obsessive-compulsive neurosis was treated in hospital with an intense multimodal approach including individual, conjoint marital, and group psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, occupational and recreational therapy, milieu therapy, and medications. The separate treatments appeared to have a synergistic effect. The patient's symptoms decreased dramatically, and he resumed his normal occupational and family functions and responsibilities. At 2-year follow-up, the patient remained well. PMID- 7354322 TI - Fine structural analysis of membrane changes during reaggregation culture of chick optic tectum. AB - Thin section and freeze-fracture electron microscopy have been used to characterize the changes in membrane morphology of reaggregating cultures of chick optic tectum. The cells are rounded and freely dispersed at 0 hr after dissociation. Between 2 and 6 hr the cells become closely apposed on all sides by other cells and form small aggregates. At this time punta adhaerentia junctions and focal densities are seen along the membranes of neighboring cells. Between 1 and 5 days in vitro (DIV) neurites containing growth cone regions are present. At 5 DIV the first synaptic contacts are observed. Between 7 and 14 DIV, the number of synaptic contacts increase and fewer growth cone regions are observed. As early as 7 DIV profiles are observed which strongly resemble both astrocytic and oligodendroglial cell somata and processes. Freeze-fracture analysis of aggregates at 0--4 hr reveals a sparse particle distribution on the P and E faces of apposed cells. By 1 DIV small clusters of loosely packed, large sized particles are seen on the P face of apposed cell membranes which may represent junctional contacts. Apparent coated vesicle fusion sites are common on the P face at 1--2 DIV. By 7 DIV. By 7 DIV, E face particle arrays are seen on cell bodies and neurites which correspond to specializations characteristic of excitatory synaptic junctions. By 8--10 DIV particle arrays are seen on the P face of post-synaptic membrane which may represent inhibitory synaptic contacts. Other types of particle specializations seen in freeze-fracture replicas include: specializations characteristic of gap junctions between cells and orthogonal assemblies of particles thought to be characteristic of astrocytes. PMID- 7354323 TI - Investigation of burst generation by the electrically coupled cyberchron network in the snail Helisoma using a single-electrode voltage clamp. AB - This paper describes the results of investigating burst generation by the cyberchron network in the snail Helisoma. The cyberchron network is composed of aproximately 20 electrically coupled neurons and controls the feeding behavior of the snail. The electrical coupling between network members has made it particularly difficult to distinguish between the importance and involvement of single-cell and network properties in burst generation by this system. The present investigations utilized the new single-electrode voltage clamp to examine the membrane properties and network interactions of the cyberchron neurons: (1) A slow outward current is activated by moderately large depolarizing commands (-40 to 0 mV) and does not undergo inactivation decay (i.e., decline in magnitude) during a command potential step maintained for 10 sec or more. The lack of inactivation of the outward current in cyberchron neurons appears to be due to the dominating role of a Ca-dependent K current. (2) There are two functionally distinct classes of cyberchrons--current generator cyberchrons and follower cyberchrons. (3) Primary current generator cyberchrons have membrane properties similar to endogenous bursting neurons (e.g., persistent inward Ca current and negative resistance region in I-V plot) and appear to provide the main driving and timing current for the rest of the network. (4) The vast majority of cyberchrons are secondary current generator cyberchrons with membrane properties which exhibit inward-going rectification and appear to burst as a result of regenerative excitation with one another and the primary current generator cyberchrons. (5) The second class of cyberchrons are driven by the electrical synaptic input from the current generator cyberchrons, do not exhibit inward going rectification, and are called follower cyberchrons. (6) Burst termination is due to activation of a slow outward tail current in most cyberchrons during the burst (probably Ca-activated K current) which causes a hyperpolarization in individual cyberchrons, terminating the burst. (7) Decay of the outward tail current causes the cyberchrons to depolarize, which activates the persistent inward Ca current in the primary current generator cyberchrons, starting the burst cycle anew. PMID- 7354324 TI - Influence of complete and pronounced incomplete cerebral ischemia and subsequent recirculation on cortical concentrations of oxidized and reduced glutathione in the rat. PMID- 7354325 TI - Potassium movements in relation to synaptosomal morphology. PMID- 7354326 TI - Transport of GABA, beta-alanine and glutamate into perikarya of postnatal rat cerebellum. PMID- 7354327 TI - The in vitro synthesis of RNA within the rat nodose ganglion following vagotomy. PMID- 7354328 TI - Effect of tetanus toxin on transmitter release from substantia nigra and striatum in vitro. PMID- 7354329 TI - Neuronal localization of Ca2+-dependent protein phosphorylation in brain. PMID- 7354330 TI - Acetylcholinesterase in mouse neuroblastoma cells: intracellular and released enzyme. PMID- 7354331 TI - Incorporation of N-acetylmannosamine into rat brain subcellular gangliosides: effect of pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions on brain gangliosides. PMID- 7354332 TI - Measurement of the membrane potential of isolated nerve terminals by the lipophilic cation [3H]triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide. PMID- 7354333 TI - A rapid and specific method for the high resolution purification and characterization of neuropeptides. PMID- 7354334 TI - Effect of dopamine on activation of rat striatal adenylate cyclase by free Mg2+ and guanyl nucleotides. PMID- 7354335 TI - INfluence of estrogen and progesterone on glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in discrete regions of rat brain. PMID- 7354336 TI - Determination of GABA levels by a [3H]muscimol radioreceptor assay. PMID- 7354337 TI - Phosphorylation and fucosylation of myelin protein in vitro by sciatic nerve from developing rats. PMID- 7354338 TI - Release of acetylcholine from rat brain synaptosomes stimulated with leptinotarsin, a new neurotoxin. PMID- 7354339 TI - The synthesis and activity of cis- and trans-2-(aminomethyl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid as conformationally restricted analogues of GABA. PMID- 7354340 TI - Muscarinic binding sites in developing normal and mutant mouse cerebellum. PMID- 7354341 TI - Biosynthesis of the brain-specific 14-3-2 protein in a cell-free system from wheat germ extract directed with poly(A)-containing RNA from rat brain. PMID- 7354342 TI - Reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography of cerebrosides,sulfatides, and ceramides: microanalysis of homolog composition without hydrolysis and application to cerebroside analysis in peripheral nerves of adrenoleukodystrophy pateints. PMID- 7354343 TI - White matter proteins in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7354344 TI - Sound stimulates labeling of polyphosphoinositides in the auditory organ of the noctuid moth. PMID- 7354345 TI - Kinetic data on the inhibition of high-affinity choline transport into rat forebrain synaptosomes by choline-like compounds and nitrogen mustard analogues. PMID- 7354346 TI - Topographical distribution of base exchange activities in rat brain subcellular fractions. PMID- 7354347 TI - Ganglioside pattern and sialic acid content of horse, donkey, and mule brain. PMID- 7354348 TI - Neurotoxic esterase in human nervous tissue. PMID- 7354349 TI - Estrogen increases hypothalamic and pituitary polyamine levels in ovariectomized rats. PMID- 7354350 TI - Piperidine-4-sulphonic acid, a new specific GABA agonist. PMID- 7354351 TI - Spinal cord stimulation in multiple sclerosis: clinical results. AB - Clinical results of spinal cord stimulation by means of epidural electrodes are reported in 19 patients with multiple sclerosis. On temporary stimulation with percutaneous electrodes, significant improvement in mobility occurred in 27.7% of 18 patients and the same number showed improved sensory function. Only one of 13 patients with severe upper limb ataxia improved. The major response, both in terms of the percentage of patients responding and the extent of the responses seen was in bladder function: 75% of 16 patients with bladder symptoms improved and seven of the 11 patients with severe bladder disturbance (Kurtzke grade 3 or more) improved. Four of these seven patients had before and after cystometry and 3 showed reduced detrusor hyperreflexia. Altogether, 10 patients had a worthwhile clinical response in one or more aspects of the disease and of these, nine have so far gone on to permanent stimulation. Medium-term results (up to two years) show that, with one exception, improvement in bladder function has been maintained as long as stimulation has been continued and at least 50% of improvement in mobility has been maintained. A favourable response depends not upon the fact of stimulation but upon the type of stimulation received. This, along with other evidence, indicates that the response is not caused either by a placebo effect or by the natural fluctuation of the disease. PMID- 7354352 TI - Evoked potentials and contingent negative variation during treatment of multiple sclerosis with spinal cord stimulation. AB - Cervical somatosensory evoked potentials, brainstem evoked potentials, visual evoked potentials, and the cerebral contingent negative variation were recorded in patients with definite multiple sclerosis before, during, and after spinal cord stimulation. Improvements were seen in the cervical somatosensory and brainstem evoked potentials but neither the visual evoked potential nor the contingent negative variation changed in association with spinal cord stimulation. The results indicate that spinal cord stimulation acts at spinal and brainstem levels and that the clinical improvements seen in patients are caused by an action at these levels rather than by any cerebral arousal or motivational effect. The evoked potentials were not useful in predicting which patients were likely to respond to stimulation. PMID- 7354353 TI - Two methods of measuring muscle tone applied in patients with decerebrate rigidity. AB - Two methods were used to measure muscle tone in patients with decerebrate rigidity. In the first method forces of square waveform were applied and the calculated compliance of the joint was used as an index of rigidity. Oscillatory transients were seen at the same frequency as the physiological tremor. The range of normal variation in compliance was large and the values measured in the patients flucuated markedly which limited the value of this index. In the second method, where forces of sinusoidal waveform were employed, the resonant frequency of the joint was measured and used as an index of rigidity. This index proved reliable and reproducible. PMID- 7354354 TI - Controlled study of 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in patients with transient neurological symptoms. AB - Sixty unselected patients with transient neurological symptoms underwent 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring. Haemodynamically significant arrhythmias were observed in 32% of patients, but in only 3% of an age- and sex matched control group. Nine patients received specific anti-arrhythmic therapy, which resulted in marked symptomatic improvement in each case. It is argued that 24-hour ECG monitoring is a valuable diagnostic tool in the investigation of transient neurological symptoms. PMID- 7354355 TI - Cricopharyngeal myotomy in motor neurone disease. AB - Twenty-five patients with dysphagia caused by neurological disorders, mainly motor heurone disease, underwent cricopharyngeal myotomy. Nineteen patients showed slight to dramatic improvement of swallowing for variable periods of time. There were five postoperative deaths. The results indicate that this simple procedure is of benefit to a substantial proportion of patients with neurological causes of dysphagia. PMID- 7354358 TI - Measurement of rise time of averaged muscle action potential in normal subjects and patients with myopathy. AB - As a result of diminution of the number of muscle fibers in patients with myopathy, the rise time of the fast negative phase of the spike potentials in the EMG becomes shorter. By using a small special purpose computer (averager) a mean action potential is obtained from which the rise time of the "spike" is determined. In normal muscles the mean value is 509 microseconds (SD 118). Myopathic muscles show a mean value of 225 microseconds (SD 76). There is a slight overlap and uncertainty between 280 and 370 microseconds. Because of the short time needed to examine the muscle for this parameter many muscles may be examined during one routine EMG. PMID- 7354357 TI - Hereditary aspects of median-ulnar nerve communications. AB - Median-ulnar nerve communications, resulting in anomalous innervation of intrinsic hand muscles, was found to occur in 28% of the general population and 62% of family members of five propositi with this variant. This variant appears to be dominantly inherited. PMID- 7354359 TI - Neurophysiological assessment of alpha pattern coma. AB - Somatosensory evoked potentials, blink reflexes, and H wave reflexes, were recorded on several days from three patients with alpha pattern coma. Coma was secondary to cardiac arrest in two cases and to brainstem infarction in one. Results are compatible with damage to the brainstem reticular formation with sparing of thalamo-cortical circuits as the main physiopathological characteristic of alpha pattern coma. This condition should not be regarded as a discrete entity when establishing the prognosis of patients in coma, since they only differ from other patients in coma from the point view of the EEG record. PMID- 7354356 TI - Electrodiagnostic confirmation of long thoracic nerve palsy. AB - Long thoracic nerve latencies were measured in 25 normal subjects. The nerve was stimulated at Erb's point. Monopolar electrodes were used to record the motor evoked response from the serratus anterior muscle. The mean long thoracic nerve latency was 3.9 +/- 0.6 ms. Four athletes with unilateral, isolated long thoracic nerve palsies were compared with the control group and with the uninvolved extremities. Long thoracic nerve latency examinations may help confirm the presence of long thoracic nerve palsy and test proximal nerve conduction. PMID- 7354361 TI - Sound recognition in relation to aural language comprehension in aphasic patients. AB - This study was undertaken to determine whether some aphasic defects in aural language comprehension might be a reflection of cognitive impairment which also affects the recognition of meaningful, non-verbal sounds. Defects in sound recognition were consistently associated with aural comprehension defects of at least comparable severity and the majority of aphasics with impaired aural comprehension failed sound recognition. Although some aphasics with impaired aural comprehension performed normally in sound recognition, their language comprehension impairments were not of lesser severity than those shown by aphasics failing sound recognition. The relationship between sound recognition and reading comprehension was different in nature from that between sound recognition and aural comprehension. PMID- 7354360 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in epilepsy. AB - The platelet monoamine oxidase activity (MAO) of 33 patients with epilepsy was compared with a group of neurological patients and a group of normal control subjects. We found that the MAO activity was increased significantly in the epileptic group when compared with the normal. This was not related to anticonvulsant medication. These results could be explained by the effect of epilepsy or anticonvulsant medication on the maturation of platelets. PMID- 7354363 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome: an unusual presentation of brachial hypertrophy. AB - A patient with carpal tunnel syndrome in association with congenital hypertrophy of right upper limb is described. The median nerve also showed hypertrophy. The symptoms were relieved by decompression of the carpal tunnel. PMID- 7354362 TI - Haemorrhagic complications of multiple sclerosis. AB - Neurological exacerbations in multiple sclerosis patients are usually attributed to relapses of the disease. This report emphasises that other conditions, such as spontaneous CNS haemorrhage, may be responsible for the clinical deterioration. We describe two patients appropriately diagnosed as having multiple sclerosis who developed spontaneous CNS haemorrhage. PMID- 7354364 TI - Acute bilateral anterior tibial compartment syndrome after Caesarian section in a diabetic. AB - An acute bilateral anterior tibial compartment syndrome is described in a young diabetic after Caesarian section with subsequent recovery. A vascular aetiology appears most likely. PMID- 7354365 TI - Brain hydatidosis: report of two cases. AB - Two children affected by cerebral hydatidosis are described. For preoperative diagnostic purposes computerised axial tomography appears currently to be the most suitable procedure. Complete surgical removal of the cyst, with methods preserving its integrity, seems to be the main factor for definitive recovery as the different outcomes in the two cases show. PMID- 7354367 TI - Preservation of autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in autonomic failure. AB - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements have been made at systolic pressures between 40 and 170 mm Hg in 8 patients with chronic autonomic failure and widespread sympathetic efferent defects. Hypotension was produced by head up tilt. Cerebral autoregulation was preserved over a wide range and only failed at a systolic pressure close to 60 mm Hg, which is below the level at which it fails in normal subjects. Therefore, although autoregulation is probably mediated largely by local myogenic factors, its lower limit appears to be reduced by defective sympathetic function. These findings help to explain the remarkable tolerance of severe postural hypotension in autonomic failure. PMID- 7354366 TI - Neuronal changes of hypokalemic myopathy. A light- and electron-microscopic study on muscle biopsy. AB - Hypokalemic myopathy has been observed in various clinical conditions. There are many studies of the pathomorphological changes of muscle fibers but alterations in intramuscular nerves and motor end-plates are seldom mentioned. The present authors observed biopsied muscle from a 51-year-old housewife who had suffered from gradually increasing muscle weakness. Laboratory examinations revealed a severe hypokalemia of 1.5 mEq/1, 18304 U/1 of CPK, 1300 U/1 of LDH, 343 U/1 of SGOT and 297 IU/1 of adolase. Light-microscopic examination showed changes previously described, including twin-peaked distribution in the histogram of type I, IIA and IIB fibers, ballooning and thickening of terminal axon, and 2 or 3 end plates closely spaced along the length of muscle fibers. The electron-microscopic examination revealed empty folds of basement membrane in end-plate regions, reduced secondary synaptic clefts, interposition of Schwann cell processes between nerve ending and primary synaptic cleft, and an increase of disarranged microtubules and neurofilaments in terminal axons. The findings suggest that severe hypokalemia primarily produces structural alterations of intramuscular peripheral nerves and motor end-plates as well as of muscle fibers. PMID- 7354368 TI - Alterations of lipid and protein composition in myelin of acute experimental allergic neuritis. AB - Lipid and protein components of the myelin isolated from the spinal roots of rabbits at the acute stage of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) and of control rabbits were analyzed. The results obtained from the EAN myelin in comparison with the control myelin were as follows: (1) The content of cholesterol increased and that of cerebroside significantly decreased, while the content of plasmalogen and phospholipid was not changed. The level of cholesterol ester was negligible both in EAN and control myelin. (2) The sum of saturated fatty acids increased while the sum of unsaturated fatty acids decreased. (3) The decrease of the basic proteins P1 and P2 was more noticeable than that of the PO + Y protein. Concomitant to these observations, with 1,6-diphenyl 1,3,5-hexatriene as a fluorescent probe, the microviscosity of the isolated myelin was measured. The results indicated that myelin obtained from EAN was less fluid. Diminished myelin fluidity in EAN was consistent with the results of the lipid and fatty acid analyses. PMID- 7354369 TI - Studies on asterognosis and amyotrophy of the hand in brainstem syndromes. Relation to the symptomatology of tumours at the spinocranial junction. AB - Fifteen patients with symptoms of an ischaemic lesion in the vertebrobasilar territory were investigated with respect to the presence of asterognosis and amyotrophy of the hand muscles. Stereognostic disturbances were noted in 4 patients with a medullary lesion and in two patients with brainstem syndromes of less defined level. The findings in these cases suggested a lesion of the medial lemniscus. Amyotrophy of the hand muscles was not seen in these patients. The absence of association of astereognosis and amyotrophy of the hand muscles in syndromes due to lower brainstem lesions supports the view that these symptoms, when occurring conjointly in foramen magnum tumours, originate from two different lesions and are caused by different mechanisms. PMID- 7354370 TI - Separation of cerebrospinal fluid specific proteins -- a methodological study. Part I. AB - A method for preparative separation of cerebrospinal fluid specific proteins by affinity chromatography and isoelectric focusing is described. It has been tested on CSF from a group of human patients suffering from TIA. The advantage of the method is the production of a protein pattern easy to survey by eye. The sensitivity and reproducibility are adequate, as tested by model experiments described. PMID- 7354371 TI - The S-100 antigen in cerebrospinal fluid as a possible index of cell injury in the nervous system. AB - The presence of the nervous system-specific S-100 antigen has been tested by microcomplement fixation assay with a monospecific anti-S-100 antiserum in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of subjects suffering from psychiatric disorders or various neurological diseases. The antigen was detectable in the CSF of most of the patients with neurological diseases characterized by an appreciable lesion in the nervous parenchyma, whereas it was generally absent from CSF of subjects presumably free from an extensive neurological lesion in the active phase. It is possible that the presence of S-100 IN CSF might be an index of active cell injury in the nervous parenchyma. PMID- 7354372 TI - Increased membrane potentials of human skeletal muscle fibres in explant tissue culture. PMID- 7354373 TI - Spinal muscular atrophy and hypertrophy of the calves. AB - In 100 patients (59 males and 41 females) suffering from proximal spinal muscular atrophy, 23 presented with hypertrophy of the calves. These were all males. They all showed an elevation of serum CK-activity. The combination of spinal muscular atrophy, hypertrophy of the calves and elevated serum CK activity was not found in females. PMID- 7354374 TI - Enzyme activities during development of some organs of the rat. PMID- 7354375 TI - Alteration of higher order structure of rat liver chromatin by dietary composition. AB - The higher order structure of rat liver chromatin from nuclei of animals fed stock or semi-synthetic diets for 5 days was investigated by a specific enzymatic probe, micrococcal nuclease (EC 3.1.4.7). Micrococcal nuclease digests 50% of DNA in eukaryotic chromatin into acid-soluble nucleotides while 50% of the DNA is resistant to digestion because of associated nucleoproteins. This selective digestion of DNA reflects higher orders of structure of the universal chromatin subunit, the nucleosome, found in lower eukaryotes, plants and animals. When rats were fed a commercial stock diet, 50.3% of the DNA in liver chromatin was digested by micrococcal nuclease. However, when rats were fed various semi synthetic diets, the amount of DNA susceptible to micrococcal nuclease digestion varied as a function of diet (P less than 0.0001). Differences in the amount of DNA susceptible to micrococcal nuclease ranged from 71.4% for chromatin of rats fed a high carbohydrate/fat-free diet to 38.8% for chromatin of those fed a low carbohydrate/protein-free diet. DNA fragments generated by brief micrococcal nuclease digestion were analyzed by electrophoresis on 2.5% polyacrylamide--0.5% agarose gels. Chromatin from rats fed the high carbohydrate/fat-free diet was more rapidly digested to the monomer nucleosomin-free diet. To our knowledge, these diet-induced alterations in the higher order structure of chromatin are the first to be reported as occurring by in vivo modulation. PMID- 7354376 TI - Glucose absorption and starch digestion in the intestine of the chicken. AB - Starch digestion and glucose absorption were determined in vivo along the chick's (Gallus domesticus) intestine, using 91Y and 51Cr-EDTA as unabsorbed reference substances. About 65% of the ingested starch was digested up to the end of the duodenum, 85% up to the end of the jejunum and about 97% at the terminal ileum. A fraction of about 97% of the glucose, ingested or released from ingested starch, was absorbed. The duodenum was the major site of glucose absorption which continued at a decreased rate down the small intestine. Glucose absorption increased linearily with luminal concentration with no indication of saturation. The apparent permeability for glucose was similar for the jejunum and ileum. PMID- 7354377 TI - Effects of dietary phenylalanine and tyrosine on circulating thyroid hormone levels and growth in the chick. AB - Studies were conducted to investigate the effects of a phenylalanine-tyrosine deficiency on serum thyroid hormone concentrations and growth in chicks from 0 to 14 days of age. Birds fed diets severely deficient in aromatic amino acids (AAA), lysine or valine were found in most trials to have reduced serum concentrations of either 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) or 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine (T4). Approximately one-half of the samples assayed did not show detectable levels of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3). The reduction in serum thyroid hormone levels was not observed until chick growth was markedly affected and was not specific for AAA deficiency. Phenylalanine alone could not efficiently supply tyrosine when dietary AAA were suboptimal as evidenced by significantly greater weight gains in chicks fed 50:50 or 55:45 (mole:mole) mixtures of phenylalanine and tyrosine as compared with birds fed the same total amount (moles) of AAA supplied solely by phenylalanine. However, at or above requirement levels, phenylalanine could completely meet the chick's demand for tyrosine. Serum tyrosine concentrations generally reflected the dietary levels of AAA. PMID- 7354378 TI - Isolation of factors in linseed oil meal protective against chronic selenosis in rats. AB - Two new cyanogenic glycosides, linustatin and neolinustatin, were isolated from linseed oil meal. Each of the compounds was fed to rats in a corn-based diet at levels of 0.1 and 0.2%. At the 0.2% level, both substances gave significant protection against growth depression caused by 9 ppm selenium as sodium selenite. Both compounds also promoted a significant increase in liver and kidney weight over the selenium control animals. Linustatin and neolinustatin are closely related in structure to linamarin and lotaustralin and were found to be present in linseed oil meal at levels of 0.17 and 0.19%, respectively. Linamarin fed at the level of 0.2% also gave significant protection against growth depression and liver damage. A related cyanogenic glycoside, amygdalin, appeared to give a small but nonsignificant protective response. The isolation of the two new glycosides provides a probable explanation for the protective activity of linseed oil meal against selenium toxicity. PMID- 7354380 TI - The prevalence, metabolism and migration of goblet cells in rat intestine following the induction of rapid, synchronous vitamin A deficiency. AB - Experiments were conducted to evaluate critically the role of vitamin A in the maintenance and functional integrity of mucus-secreting goblet cells in rat small intestine. Essentially synchronous vitamin A deficiency was induced by the withdrawal of retinoic acid from mature, stringently-deficient male rats reared by feeding vitamin A-depleted weanlings diets first supplemented with and then lacking in 2 micrograms retinoic acid per gram diet in repeating 18 day:10 day cycles. Secondary inanition was minimized by force-feeding both deficient and control animals twice daily. Whereas the prevalence of oligomucus cells was unchanged, the number of goblet cells per duodenal crypt gland decreased abruptly to 60% of control values starting 2 to 3 days after the withdrawal of retinoic acid and then stabilized. The responses of mucus-secreting cells to atropine and pilocarpine were identical in vitamin A deficient and control animals. As studied with [3H]thymidine, the rate of division of epithelial cells and the migration rate of columnar and goblet cells out of the crypt gland and along the villus were also unaffected by vitamin A deficiency. We conclude that two populations of goblet cells exist in the intestine--one relatively insensitive and the other sensitive to vitamin A status. In vitamin A deficiency, the rate of differentiation of sensitive goblet cells from oligomucus cells and other precursor cells seems to be blocked. PMID- 7354379 TI - Dietary regulation of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and cholesterol synthetic activities in fasted-refed rats. AB - Effects of dietary cholesterol, beta-sitosterol and cholestyramine on hepatic HMG CoA reductase activity and sterogenesis were examined in male rats refed different types and amounts of fats for 3 days after fasting 2 days. Safflower oil (10%) decreased reductase and sterogenic activities more than saturated fat or low fat. Reductase activity and sterogenesis decreased as dietary cholesterol increased; this was not influenced by the type of dietary fat. Although cholesterol as low as 0.01% depressed these activities, more cholesterol was required to deposit cholesterol in the livcreased cholesterol excretion as neutral steroids but failed to enhance reductase and sterogenic activities. In contrast, cholestyramine increased these activities to approximately the same level irrespective of the type and amount of dietary fat. Hepatic cholesterol decreased only in rats refed saturated fat; neutral or acidic steroid excretion was greatest in this group. Hepatic cholesterol and enterohepatically circulating cholesterol may not be critical factors in regulating HMG-CoA reductase in fasted refed rats. Rather, the quantity of bile acids fluxed to the liver appears to influence the reductase activity in this situation. However, analyses of fecal acidic steroids provided no evidence for a relationship between HMG-CoA reductase activity, bile acid metabolism and dietary fat. PMID- 7354381 TI - Waxy intracardial plaques. PMID- 7354382 TI - Influence of starvation and refeeding on cardiac protein degradation in rats. PMID- 7354384 TI - Plasma methionine levels in normal adult subjects after oral loading with L methionine and N-acetyl-L-methionine. AB - The biological quality of soy protein isolates is limited by methionine content but can be enhanced by methionine addition. Since supplemental methionine may undergo chemical modification during processing, producing objectionable odors, N acetyl-L-methionine has been proposed as a methionine replacement. Plasma and erythrocyte methionine levels and the area under the plasma and erythrocyte methionine absorption curve were compared in five normal adult subjects administered equimolar quantities (0.0605 mmoles/kg) of L-methionine and N-acetyl L-methionine. The two compounds produced an equivalent overall release of L methionine to the blood as judged by the area under the plasma and erythrocyte methionine time-absorption curves. There was a difference in the early part of both absorption curves (15 to 45 minutes), with plasma and erythrocyte levels higher after L-methionine administration than after N-acetyl-L-methionine administration. However, this difference was only statistically significant at 15 minutes (P = 0.03). Gastric emptying did not account for this difference apparently reflecting a slower rate of absorption of N-acetyl-L-methionine by mucosal cells. No evidence was obtained that indicated release of N-acetyl-L methionine to the plasma or its excretion in urine after loading. The data are consistent with previous data showing L-methionine and N-acetyl-L-methionine to be equivalent sources of methionine. PMID- 7354383 TI - Maintenance energy requirements and energy retention of young obese (ob/ob) and lean mice housed at 33 degrees and fed a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat diet. PMID- 7354385 TI - Interaction of zinc and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the chick. PMID- 7354386 TI - Influence of dietary energy on the nitrogen sparing action of methionine and arginine in chicks fed a protein-free diet. AB - Chicks were fed a protein-free (PF) diet or a protein-free diet with added methionine and arginine (MA) for 10 days to investigate the effect of dietary energy on the nitrogen sparing action of methionine and arginine. In experiment 1, equal amounts of a PF or MA diet were given and body weight change, N excretion, N balance and uric acid N excretion were measured to serve as criteria in determining the nitrogen sparing action. In experiment 2, a PF or MA diet was given ad libitum with the metabolizable energy content varied. In experiment 3, the energy intake of chicks was restricted for 10 days in both the PF and MA groups and carcass analysis was done. Even when equal amounts of feed providing the same amount of energy were given, the nitrogen sparing action was still observed. The nitrogen sparing action was always observed in diets with different metabolizable energy contents because the birds adjusted their energy intake voluntarily. When the energy intake was restricted by about 50%, the nitrogen sparing action was no longer apparent. The nature of the nitrogen sparing action is discussed in terms of body reserve protein stores. PMID- 7354387 TI - The effects of vitamin E depletion and repletion on prostaglandin dehydrogenase activity in tissues of young rabbits. AB - The key enzyme controlling prostaglandin (PG) catabolism, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH), was characterized in rabbit tissues. The apparent Michaelis constant (Km) using PGE2 as substrate was found to be 5.3, 4.0, 4.0 and 7.1 microM for semitendinosus and soleus muscles, heart and kidney, respectively. The effect of dietary vitamin E depletion and repletion on the PGDH activity in these tissues was studied. Vitamin E deficiency caused an elevation of PGDH activity in rabbit skeletal muscles but not in the heart and kidney. Oral supplementation of tocopherol acetate to the deficient animals did not affect the skeletal muscle PGDH activity. A long period of refeeding (30 days) was required to suppress the elevated PGDH level to the control values. The data indicates a higher turnover of the PGs in the vitamin E-deficient rabbit skeletal muscles. The significance of such a change in connection to prostaglandin metabolism is discussed. PMID- 7354388 TI - Nomenclature policy: generic descriptors and trivial names for vitamins and related compounds. PMID- 7354389 TI - The effect of long-term feeding of 10% dietary lactose on serum, liver and aortic cholesterol of the rat and the gerbil. PMID- 7354390 TI - Relationship of malic enzyme activity to fatty acid synthesis and the pathways of glucose catabolism in developing rat liver. AB - The rates of fatty acid synthesis and the activity of several enzymes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were determined in livers from fetal, suckling, weanling and maternal rats. An estimate of the proportion of glucose catabolized via the pentose phosphate cycle and the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway was made using 14C- and 3H-labeled glucose. The contribution of pentose phosphate cycle generated reducing equivalents to fatty acid synthesis was assessed using glucose 3-3H. Developmental changes in the activity of hepatic malic enzyme were not related to developmental changes in the rate of fatty acid synthesis as might be expected if this enzyme functioned to provide NADPH for fatty acid synthesis. Malic enzyme activity did not correlate with pentose phosphate cycle activity or with utilization for fatty acid synthesis of NADPH generated via this pathway. PMID- 7354391 TI - Growth and development in postnatally zinc-deprived mice. AB - The influence of postnatal zinc deprivation upon the growth and development of outbred mice was investigated by feeding groups of animals, during the suckling period, one of four diets: 100 ppm zinc (control); 9 ppm zinc (marginal deficiency); 5 ppm zinc (moderate deficiency), and 2.5 ppm zinc (severe deficiency). In addition to control for inanition caused by zinc deprivation, a group of mice were fed the control diet but in amounts equal by weight to the measured intake of the moderately deprived animals (5 ppm zinc). A variety of developmental anomalies was observed in the zinc-deprived animals, including alopecia, extensive dermatitis, delayed opening of eyes and incoordination. Furthermore, growth in body weight and length were reduced. Similarly, on the basis of absolute net weight, heart, kidney and liver all demonstrated a significant stunting, and there was a direct relationship between the magnitude of organ growth retardation and the degree of zinc deprivation. However, when examined on a relative basis as a percentage of total body weight, only liver growth was significantly retarded. The heart and, most notably, the kidney represented an even greater proportion of body weight in the zinc-deprived mice than in the controls. We conclude that, in the mouse, the heart and kidney were affected to a lesser extent by zinc deficiency than was the whole animal. This observation is in contrast to the extreme lack of growth, but absolute and relative, of the spleen and especially the thymus, previously described by us in mice deficient in zinc during the suckling period. PMID- 7354392 TI - The role of sulfate in the calciuria of high protein diets in adult rats. AB - Diets containing different sources of protein were evaluated for their effect or urinary calcium (Ca) excretion in adult male rats. High protein diets were prepared by adding 24 g N/kg as lactalbumin (Hi-Lact), egg white (Hi-EW), casein (Hi-Cas) or gelatin (Hi-Gel) to a control diet containing 24 g N/kg ascasein (Cas). There were significant differences in the degree of hypercalciuria produced by different dietary protein mixtures. A peak in Ca excretion occurred at about 2 days, when the relative values were as follows (Cas = 100): Hi-Lact, 489; Hi-EW, 429; Hi-Cas, 340, and Hi-Gel, 263. Subsequently urinary Ca declined, but a moderate hypercalciuria persisted to the end of the 8-weekexperiment, when the corresponding values (% Cas) were 200, 183,160 and 136, respectively. The degree of hypercalciuria was proportional to the sulfur content of the diets, i.e., Hi-Lact greater than Hi-EW greater than Hi-Cas greater than Hi-Gel greater than Cas. Supplementing the Cas diet with sulfur amino acids to the level present in the Hi-Lact diet resulted in a comparable increase in Ca excretion. Supplementing the Cas diet with 1.42% sulfate produced a 570% increase in urinary Ca on day 2 and a 306% increase at 5 weeks. There was a linear relationship between Ca excretion and sulfate excretion. It is proposed that a major factor in the hypercalciuria of high protein feeding is the production and excretion of sulfate. Variability in the calciuric effect of different proteins appears to be related mainly to differences in their sulfur amino acid content. PMID- 7354393 TI - Varying deficits in visual discrimination performance associated with different forms of malnutrition in rats. AB - Visual discrimination at 3 months of age was examined by the Lashley jumping stand test to rats malnourished by one of the following techniques: intergenerational malnutrition over 14 to 18 generations; protein deficiency from birth on; rearing in large litters, and rotation among lactating and non lactating females. All four treatments caused stunting during the litter period, but only the first two were associated with reduced weights at the time of testing. Deficits in visual discrimination were most severe in males and females with intergenerational malnutrition. Both large-litter rearing and protein deficiency for one generation impaired visual discrimination in males only, whereas rotation between lactating and non-lactating females did not reduce visual discrimination in either gender. It is possible that extranutritional factors associated with each type of malnutrition may serve either to enhance or diminish the impact of malnutrition on the nervous system. PMID- 7354394 TI - Influence of individual amino acids on incorporation of [14C]leucine by rat liver ribosomes. AB - The report of Baliga et al. (1) that the nutritionally essential amino acids promote initiation of protein synthesis by isolated rat liver ribosomes has been reinvestigated. We were unable to observe any particular influence of essential amino acids on the incorporation of leucine into protein. We find instead that glutamine, glutamate, asparagine and aspartate appear to exert a greater influence than the essential amino acids on leucine incorporation by the ribosomes and suggest that the availability of amino acids in cell-free systems primarily affects elongation. PMID- 7354395 TI - Influence of dietary cholesterol on mitochondrial function in the rat. AB - Rat-liver mitochondrial cholesterol ester levels were increased nine-fold and free cholesterol levels were doubled by feeding 10% lard and 2% cholesterol with Purina rabbit chow pellets to weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats for 5 weeks. This resulted in depression of State 3 (ADP-stimulated) glutamate respiration and reduced sensitivity to inhibition of phosphyorylation by tetrabutylammonium bromide and oligomycin. Brain, heart, lung, spleen, kidney and testis mitochondrial functions were not responsive to changes in dietary cholesterol nor were increases noted in free cholesterol content; mitochondrial cholesterol esters in these six tissues remained at extremely low levels regardless of treatment. Inclusion of 0.01% oleyl-p-decylbenzene sulfonate (a hypocholesterolemic agent) in the 10% lard and 2% cholesterol diet prevented elevation of rat-liver cholesterol esters and restored "normal" mitochondrial functions of respiratory control. This compound had no lowering effect on the raised level of liver mitochondrial free cholesterol nor on the reduced mitochondrial sensitivity to the phosphorylation inhibitors. We concluded that cholesterol esters were associated with depression of liver mitochondrial respiratory control and that free cholesterol was related to desensitization of mitochondria to the phosphorylation inhibitors. PMID- 7354396 TI - The effects of diet on some hepatic enzyme activities in the pre-ruminant and ruminating calf. AB - Three mild-replacer diets containing different amounts of lipid with differing fatty acid compositions were fed to pre-ruminant calves. These diets did not affect the specific activities of the hepatic enzymes, involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which were studied. With the onset of rumination there was a general decrease in the activities of the glycolytic enzymes and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.43) and an increase in the activity of acetyl CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.1). In the ruminating calf the specific activities of some of the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism were substantially greater on the concentrate diet than on the pelleted dried grass. In the case of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase, this difference attained statistical significance. This may be related to the amount of glucose absorbed as such from the small intestine in animals on the different diets. PMID- 7354397 TI - Gluconeogenesis in meal-fed, vitamin B-6-deficient rats. AB - Male weanling rats were meal-fed (2 hours daily) on a vitamin B-6-deficient diet for 8 weeks; the controls were pair-fed. Vitamin B-6 deficiency led to the expected decreases in the activities of hepatic alanine and aspartate aminotransferases but did not influence those of glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2), pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.6.1.1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) and pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40). The ability of the deficient rats to incorporate 14C from labeled alanine into blood glucose and expired CO2 was diminished, but pyruvate-U-14C was utilized normally. The deficiency did not influence gluconeogenesis from glutamate or 2-oxoglutarate. Furthermore, the gluconeogenic potential of renal cortex slices incubated with pyruvate or 2 oxoglutarate was unaltered by the deficiency. These data suggest that the impairment of gluconeogenesis from amino acids in vitamin B-6 deficiency may be the consequence of diminished transamination prior to oxidative deamination. PMID- 7354398 TI - Intestinal uptake of fatty acids complexed to proteins in the chick intestine. AB - Intestinal mucosal uptake of protein complexed-fatty acids was studied in ligated duodenal loops in the chick. Increasing the concentration of an albumin oleic acid-complex resulted in a linear increase in uptake of oleic acid. Varying the albumin-to-oleic-acid ratio with constant albumin concentration resulted in depressed oleic acid uptake when the ratio was below 1:3. Uptake of oleic acid complexed to albumin was increased by some 60% on addition of taurocholic acid above its critical micellar concentration. In the absence of albumin, oleic acid uptake was some 60% high from a micellar solution. Uptake of lauric acid from aqueous solution was linear with concentration until its maximum solubility was reached, whereas uptake from albumin complexes at varying lauric acid concentrations was not linear with increasing concentration. Stearic acid exhibited lowest uptake and linoleic and linolenic acid highest uptake both when complexed to albumin or from micellar solution, although albumin-complexed fatty acids were transported at about half the rate of micellar fatty acids. We concluded that some proportion of fatty acids complexed to lipophilic proteins can be absorbed in the intestine in the absence of bile acids. When oleic acid was complexed to casein, bovine serum albumin or beta-lactoglobulin at protein:oleic acid ratio of 1:10 serosal transport was 40 to 50% of mucosal uptake. PMID- 7354399 TI - The metabolism of small doses of vitamin B-6 in men. AB - The metabolism of small doses of pyridoxine (PN) and of equimolar doses of PN, pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxamine (PM) was studied in five men. Fasting subjects were given 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 10 mg pyridoxine HCl and 19.45 mumoles of PN, PM and PL; one dose was administered a week. Plasma total vitamin B-6 (B-6) and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), and urinary B-6 and 4-pyridoxic acid (4PA) were determined in timed blood and urine samples collected after each dose. The n doses had a significant P less than 0.01) overall effect on all of these measurements; the relationship between PN level and the subjects' responses was linear (P less than 0.01). Plasma B-6 peaked at 0.5 or 1 hour after the PN doses; PLP at 0.5, 1 or 3 hours, depending on size of dose. Plasma B-6 but not PLP approached fasting levels 3 to 5 hours after the 0.5- to 4-mg PN doses; both plasma B-6 and PLP were still elevated 24 hours after 10 mg PN. In general, the rate of urinary B-6 and 4PA excretion was maximal the first 3 hours after the doses. With increasing PN doses, the percent of the dose recovered as urinary B-6 and 4PA decreased from 9 to 7% and 63 to 35%, respectively. Immediately following PL, plasma B-6 and urinary 4PA rose steeply indicating the rapid plasma clearance and oxidation of this B-6 vitamer. Responses to PM were generally slower than for PN or PL, suggesting that PM is absorbed more slowly or metabolized differently, or both, than PL or PN. A dose of at least 1 mg of B-6 is necessary to obtain measurable changes in vitamin B-6 metabolism. PMID- 7354400 TI - Role of glucocorticoid in adaptive hyperlipogenesis in the rat. AB - The effect of glucocorticoid (GC) on the enzyme overshoot response to starvation refeeding (S-R) and on tritium incorporation into lipids was studied. Long-term effects of hypercortisolism on carcass and liver lipids were also determined. In the first series of experiments, intact, adrenalectomized (ADX) and ADX, GC replaced rats were either ad libitum fed or starved and refed a 65% glucose diet. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme activities in both liver and adipose tissue were determined as were the liver and fat pad lipid levels, hepatic and muscle glycogen content, and in vivo incorporation of 3H (from 3HOH, 1 mCi/100 g b.w.) into liver, adipose tissue and plasma lipids. The role for GC in the enzyme overshoot in S-R rats was reaffirmed as was the effect of ADX on enzyme activity and adipose tissue lipid. Hepatic glycogen content was reduced by adrenalectomy and not reversed by GC replacement in the ad libitum-fed animals. S R reduced liver glycogen in the intact rats, did not affect liver glycogen in ADX GC replaced rats and increased liver glycogen in the untreated ADX animals. S-R increased hepatic and adipose tissue lipid synthesis as measured by 3H incorporation. This effect was reduced by ADX and the ADX effect was reversed by GC. Prolonged administration of GC had no effect on increasing hepatic or carcass lipid content of ad libitum-fed animals. Results of these experiments suggest that while ineffective in inducing lipogenesis in ad libitum-fed animals, GC plays a role in the lipogenic response to starvation-refeeding and that this effect is apart from its role in the induction of the enzyme overshoot. PMID- 7354401 TI - Studies on the mechanism of protein-induced hypercalciuria in older men and women. AB - A human metabolic study was conducted to observe the effect of level of protein intake on urinary calcium, calcium absorption and calcium balance in older adults and to further study the mechanisms of protein-induced hypercalciuria. An increase in protein intake from about 47 to 112 g while maintaining calcium, magnesium and phosphorus intakes constant caused an increase in urinary calcium and a decrease in calcium retention. Glomerular filtration rate was increased and fractional renal tubular reabsorption was decreased by the increase in protein intake; total renal acid, ammonium and sulfate excretions more than doubled, whereas urinary sodium decreased by 38%. The changes in urinary calcium were positively correlated with the increase in total renal acid and sulfate excretion as well as with the decrease in fractional renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. Thus, the data indicate that protein-induced hypercalciuria is due to an increase in glomerular filtration rate and a decrease in fractional renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, the latter of which may be caused by the increased acid load on the renal tubular cells. PMID- 7354403 TI - Bound sugars in hepatic glycoproteins from male rats during early protein depletion. PMID- 7354402 TI - Quantitative aspects of zinc absorption by isolated, vascularly perfused rat intestine. AB - Quantitative measurements of zinc absorption were made using the isolated, vascularly perfused rat intestine as a model. The perfused intestine retains the ability to discriminate between absorption processes for calciu, copper, iron and zinc. Measurements of zinc absorption by the perfused intestine, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, indicated the presence of a zinc pool within intestinal mucosal cells. The zinc concentration in the lumen of the perfused intestine was directly related to the amount of zinc that appeared in the vascular perfusate. Intestines obtained from zinc-deficient animals exhibited an ability to process greater quantities of zinc which resulted in enhanced absorption. The maximal rate of zinc absorption was 229 nmoles per hour with intestines from rats fed adequate amounts of zinc and 627 nmoles per hour when a zinc-deficient diet was fed. Administration of zinc to rats before isolation and perfusion of the intestine resulted in greater intracellular retention of zinc taken up from the lumen and correspondingly lesser amounts (75 nmoles per hour) transferred to the vascular supply. These data provide quantitative evidence that the perfused intestine retains its ability to exercise homeostatic control over the zinc absorption process and that the intestinal cell is a major site of regulation. PMID- 7354405 TI - A silicon requirement for normal skull formation in chicks. AB - Studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of feeding a silicon (Si) deficient diet containing a natural protein in place of the crystalline amino acid-based diets used in earlier studies. Feeding this Si-deficient basal diet with or without supplemental Si to day-old cockerels under trace element controlled conditions resulted in the production of skull abnormalities in the deficient chicks under conditions of near optimal growth. On macropathological examination, gross changes were found in the architecture of the skulls of the deficient chicks; the frontal area was narrower and the dorsal median line at the frontal parietal junction was depressed with a narrowing both posterior and laterally, forming a stunted parietal, occipital and temporal bone area. X-ray and histological examination of this area showed less trabeculae and calcification. Biochemical analyses of the skull frontal bones for bone mineral, non-collagenous protein, hexosamine and collagen demonstrated that the frontal bones from the Si-deficient chicks had a significantly reduced collagen content. In this study, the major effect of Si appears to be on the collagen content of the connective tissue matrix, a deficiency resulting in abnormal skull matrix formation. Support is given to the earlier postulate that Si is involved in an early stage of bone formation. PMID- 7354404 TI - Comparative effects of all-trans and 13-cis retinoic acid administration on serum and liver lipids in rats. AB - The effects of all-trans and 13-cis retinoic acid upon serum and liver lipids were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Groups of rats were fed daily with 105, 210 and 315 micrograms/g diet of one of the retinoids for periods of up to 8 days. Other groups were injected intraperitoneally (I.P.) daily with retinoids at levels equivalent to the daily intake of rats receiving 105 or 210 micrograms of retinoid/g diet. All dietary concentrations of all-trans retinoic acid induced hypertriglyceridemia, however, only the highest dietary concentration of the 13 cis form caused this response. Injection of the all-trans form consistently increased serum triglycerides, while 13-cis retinoic acid did so in only one case. Retinoid-fed rats fasted for 6 hours before blood sampling demonstrated similar increases in serum triglycerides compared to their respective controls. Also, retinoid administration reduced serum retinol at all levels tested with the all-trans form appearing to be more potent. Growth and feed intake was somewhat reduced in rats receiving the highest level of all-trans retinoic acid. Liver analysis did not reveal fatty liver or alterations in phospholipid, cholesterol, or vitamin A content in any groups monitored. Our previous studies have shown induction of hypertriglyceridemia when rats were fed as low as 26 micrograms/g diet of all-trans retinoic acid. The current studies would indicate that feeding 315 micrograms/g diet of the 13-cis isomer was required to elicit a similar response. PMID- 7354406 TI - Dietary modification of the distribution of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and sterol synthesizing activities in the rat small intestine. AB - The distribution of microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in the rat small intestine was modified by the type of the diets. The reductase activity in rats fed a commercial non-purified diet (rat chow) was markedly higher in the ileum than in the jejunum, while this pattern was reversed in animals fed a purified diet. Feeding a fat-containing purified diet, in comparison with a fat-free diet, resulted in a significant increase in the activity of the villous reductase. In rats fed a purified diet, the synthesis of digitonin precipitable sterols from [1-14C]acetate in vivo was considerably higher in rats fed a purified diet than in the animals fed a non-purified diet. Although responses to various measurements were not always consistent, the observation that the type of the diet modifies specifically the intra- and inter tissue distribution of cholesterol synthesizing activity in the intestine strongly stresses the necessity of appropriate sectioning of the tissues, particularly in comparative studies. Also, comparisons of the sterogenesis of the small bowel and liver denote the possibility that intestinal contribution to endogenous cholesterol synthesis is considerably greater than previously estimated, even in the absence of dietary cholesterol. PMID- 7354407 TI - Measurement of milk intake in suckling mice. PMID- 7354408 TI - Radiographic changes following asbestos exposure: experience with 7,500 workers. PMID- 7354409 TI - Progressive massive fibrosis developing after brief coal dust exposure: evaluation with CT scanning and radionuclide angiocardiography. AB - Two patients are described who developed progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) after exposure to coal dust for only four and seven years, respectively, in Belgian coal mines in the post-war period. It seems likely from consideration of epidemiological data that these men were exposed to massive concentrations of coal dust during their time in the mines. In one patient in a computerized tomography scan clearly showed the extent of the PMF and brought out the degree of calcification in the center of the masses. Radionuclide angiocardiographic evaluation showed depressed right ventricular function which is probably a result of pulmonary hypertension, and also showed marked distortion of the pulmonary vascular bed. It is believed that these are the first reported instances of CT scanning and radionuclide angiocardiography in this condition. PMID- 7354410 TI - Cancer mortality among workers exposed to zinc chromate paints. AB - To evaluate the carcinogenicity of chromium compounds among user industries, the proportionate mortality experience of spray painters exposed to zinc chromate primer paints and electroplaters exposed to chromic acid in the aircraft maintenance industry was examined. Compared to the mortality patterns of U.S. white males, no excess of cancer was found in the 48 deaths among electroplaters. Analysis of the 202 deaths among spray painters revealed a significant excess of cancer, primarily of the respiratory tract. The relative increase of respiratory cancer showed a positive gradient with the length of estimated exposure time, and was confined to painters whose interval from first employment to death was at least 20 years. The findings consistent with occupational exposure to chromium compounds, previously shown to be carcinogenic in manufacturing processes, but the effect of other paint constituents, tobacco smoking, or methodologic limitations could not be discounted. PMID- 7354411 TI - Occupational medicine in a developing society: a case study of Venezuela. AB - Recent activities of the World Health Organization and other international agencies have placed new emphasis on occupational health in developing nations. Venezuela is a nation in transition from a developing society dominated economically by petroleum and agriculture to an economically-diversified industrialized urban society. It provides a case study which illuminates the problems of extending occupational health services in developing economies and questions of public policy regarding utilization of medical resources and the priority that occupational health should hold in such a society. Occupational health has become a serious problem in the developing world as new industries and accelerating ecnomic development occur without adequate resources for worker protection. The study of cases such as that of Venezuela may provide guidance for anticipating and preventing problems in other nations. This paper should be considered a pilot study to explore a social aspect of occupational health that has not received adequate attention. PMID- 7354412 TI - A mortality analysis of employees engaged in the manufacture of 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. AB - There have been few published reports regarding surveillance of individuals occupationally exposed to 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). The present study examined the mortality experience of 204 persons exposed to 2,4,5-T during its manufacture from 1950 to 1971. Length of employment in job assignments within the 2,4,5-T process area ranged from less than one year to a maximum of approximately ten years. Efforts to minimize 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) contamination of the product resulted in nondetectable concentrations using a method of detection developed in 1966 that was sensitive to 1 part per million. Within the scope of this mortality survey, no adverse effects were observed with respect to occupational exposure to 2,4,5-T or its feedstock, 2,4,5 trichlorophenol. PMID- 7354413 TI - Significance of short duration illness absences. PMID- 7354414 TI - Industrial accidents and recent life events. PMID- 7354415 TI - Outpatient needle-biopsy of the prostate: a retrospective study. PMID- 7354416 TI - Metabolic acidosis associated with percutaneous absorption of salicylic acid. PMID- 7354417 TI - Role of binders in moisture-induced hardness increase in compressed tablets and its effect on in vitro disintegration and dissolution. AB - The role of commonly used binders in the moisture-induced hardness increase in compressed tablets containing lactose as a major excipient was studied. Tablets compressed from granulations containing different binders at different moisture levels increased in hardness after overnight exposure to ambient room conditions. The results suggest that this hardness increase is related linearly to the amount of moisture loss from the tablets after compression. The magnitude of the hardness increase is related to the type and concentration of the binder used in wet granulation. The moisture-induced hardness increase in tablets prepared from granulations containing different binders had no effect on the tablet disintegration time and in vitro drug dissolution. PMID- 7354418 TI - Quantitative determination of titanium in a commercial sunscreen formulation by atomic absorption spectrometry. AB - An atomic absorption spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of titanium in a sunscreen formulation containing iron oxides and a complex organic base. Matrix matching between the samples and the standard was essential. A recovery study was conducted using a placebo base. Standard absorbance-concentration curves were linear in the 0-120-ppm range. PMID- 7354419 TI - Surface activities of barbital, phenobarbital, and pentobarbital and their interaction energies with phospholipid monolayers. AB - The adsorption free energies of barbital, phenobarbital, and pentobarbital at the air-water interface were estimated from plots of the surface pressure (pi less than or equal to 5 dynes/cm) against the bulk concentration. Their energies of interaction with dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine and dipalmitoyllecithin monolayers spread at the air-water interface were estimated from the surface pressure increase with increasing concentrations of the subphase-injected barbituric acid derivatives. Adsorption free energies and interaction energies were barbital less than phenobarbital less than pentobarbital, which correlate with their nerve blocking concentration. PMID- 7354420 TI - Fluorescence assay of nitrofurantoin with o-aminothiophenol in plasma and urine. AB - A fluorescence method is presented for the determination of nitrofurantoin based on conversion of the drug to a fluorescent substance. The method requires 0.1-0.5 ml of plasma or diluted urine and is 10 times more sensitive than the commonly used colorimetric method. PMID- 7354421 TI - Phenylfurans IV: spasmolytic 3-diethylamino-2,2-(dimethyl)propyl esters of 5 substituted phenyl-2-furancarboxylic acids. AB - A series of 3-diethylamino-2,2-(dimethyl)propyl 5-substituted phenyl-2 furancarboxylates was prepared and found to be pharmacologically active in vitro as GI tract nonanticholinergic smooth muscle spasmolytic agents. One of the more active compounds in the series contained the 5-(4-nitrophenyl) group. PMID- 7354422 TI - Simultaneous quantitation of acetaminophen, aspirin, caffeine, codeine phosphate, phenacetin, and salicylamide by high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - A method for the simultaneous quantitation of acetaminophen, aspirin, caffeine, codeine phosphate, phenacetin, and salicylamide was developed. The method is based on reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography with a mobile phase buffered with phosphate (pH 2.3). The procedure not only separated these six active ingredients but also salicylic acid, the major decomposition product of aspirin. The method gave excellent results for three commercial products and a synthetic mixture containing four active ingredients. Lowering the pH increased the retention time of some weak acids and decreased that of some weak bases. Only these changes in the retention times made the separation possible. PMID- 7354423 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of salicylic acid in aspirin powder and pharmaceutical dosage forms. AB - A sensitive, simple, and rapid method for the quantitation of salicylic acid in aspirin powders and its dosage forms was developed. The method is based on reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography using a mobile phase containing 20% methanol in aqueous phosphate buffer of pH 2.3. Other common ingredients present with aspirin such as acetaminophen, caffeine, codeine phosphate, phenacetin, and salicylamide do not interfere. Salicylic acid quantities as low as 0.1 microgram can be assayed with a relative standard deviation of +/- 2.3%. Sensitivity can be increased by using lower sensitivity settings. The method was tried on numerous commercial products and an old aspirin powder. The results generally were excellent, except that all of the aspirin and salicylic acid could not be extracted from suppositories. The old aspirin powder failed the USP limit test for salicylic acid. The powder apparently absorbed moisture and contained salicylamide as an impurity. PMID- 7354424 TI - Dipole moments and conformational structures of 2-substituted phenothiazines as solutes. AB - Experimental dipole moments measured in anhydrous benzene and dioxane are compared to the calculated values of some 2-substituted phenothiazine derivatives. The dipole moments and the solvent effects support the existence of a conformational mixture of these compounds as solutes. PMID- 7354425 TI - GLC-mass spectral determination of mescaline in plasma of rabbits after intravenous injection. AB - A GLC-mass spectral analysis with a deuterated internal standard was developed to measure plasma mescaline concentrations after intravenous administration to rabbits. The drug and the internal standard were extracted with benzene, derivatized with trifluoroacetic acid anhydride, and chromatographed on 2.5% QF-1 with mass fragmentographic detection. The detection limit is 5 ng/ml of plasma. The relative standard deviation was approximately 5%. The main advantage of this method is that it combines the specificity of the GLC retention time and mass spectral fragmentation pattern with the sensitivity of the mass fragmentographic detection. PMID- 7354426 TI - New compounds: Reissert compound studies XXXII: facile synthesis of 3 azapapaverine. AB - 6,7-Dimethoxyphthalazine was obtained in four steps from veratric acid and converted to its Reissert compound. Alkylation of this Reissert compound with 3,4 dimethoxybenzyl chloride followed by hydrolysis gave 3-azapapaverine. PMID- 7354428 TI - Decarboxylation kinetics of 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid. PMID- 7354427 TI - New compounds: derivatives of fluorene XXXVII: 9-substituted 3-nitrofluorenes. AB - New 9-substituted 3-nitrofluorenes were prepared as potential intermediates in a study of modified electrophilicity and mutagenicity of the carcinogen 3-N,O diacetylhydroxylaminofluorene. The reported derivatives, together with some already known 9-substituted 3-nitrofluorenes, were too unstable to survive the reducing conditions required to transform the nitro group to the corresponding hydroxylamine. PMID- 7354429 TI - Structure-activity analysis of hydrazide monoamine oxidase inhibitors using molecular connectivity. PMID- 7354430 TI - A rebuttal and some insights into cutaneous metabolism and diffusion. PMID- 7354431 TI - Elimination of tablet air entrapment using USP 1 rotating-basket dissolution apparatus. PMID- 7354432 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of coumarin anticoagulants XLV: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of acute interaction between warfarin and phenylbutazone in rats. PMID- 7354433 TI - Simultaneous solubilization of steroid hormones III: thermodynamic evaluation. PMID- 7354434 TI - Tetrazolium salts in pharmaceutical analysis II: direct assay of diethylstilbestrol and diethylstilbestrol dipropionate. AB - A convenient spectrophotometric determination of diethylstilbestrol and diethylstilbestrol dipropionate was developed involving their interaction with triphenyltetrazolium chloride at 50 degrees for 45 min and subsequent measurement of the formazan formed. The significance of extended conjugation within t,e 4,4' stilbenediol molecule to induce the color reaction is documented. Ideal adherence of color absorption to Beer's law permitted accurate and precise determination of diethylstilbestrol and diethylstilbestrol dipropionate pure forms over the range of 2-22 microgram of diethylstilbestrol/ml. Application of the tetrazolium color reaction to the analysis of diethylstilbestrol dipropionate dosage forms was achieved without prior hydrolysis or extraction. PMID- 7354436 TI - Distribution coefficients and in vitro human serum protein binding of spironolactone and its 7 alpha-carboxymethyl analog. AB - The distribution coefficients of spironolactone (I) and its 7 alpha-carboxymethyl analog (II) were determined at 22-25 degrees in systems of n-octanol or chloroform and 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. The respective values for I in the two systems were 153.9 and 15.1, and those for II were 15.9 and 3.1. Protein binding studies of I and II were conducted with human serum albumin and human gamma-globulin via equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees. The I fractions bound to 4% (w/v) albumin and to 1.16% (w/v) gamma-globulin were 66 and 18%, respectively. The corresponding II fractions bound to the two proteins were 46 and 12%. The greater protein binding of I agrees with its superior lipophilicity to that of II. The binding of both I and II to albumin increased with increasing albumin concentration, whereas the binding of I and II to albumin did not change significantly as the concentrations of I or II were varied from 50 to 1300 ng/ml. Cooperativity and/or multiple classes of binding sites appear to be associated with the binding of I and II to albumin. PMID- 7354435 TI - Tissue distribution and metabolism of drugs V: effect of secretin and pancreozymin on drug transport in rabbit pancreas. AB - The effect of secretin and pancreozymin on the tissue distribution and penetration of drugs in the rabbit pancreas was studied to clarify hormonally regulated drug distribution. Drugs with high liquid solubility were distributed easily within the pancreas even during secretin or pancreozymin treatment, and these hormones had little effect on drug distribution from the blood to the pancreas. However, secretin increased the concentration ratio of dimethadione in the pancreatic juice (J) to plasma unbound dimethadione (Pf), probably because the pancreatic juice during secretin infusion is alkaline relative to the control. Secretin had no effect on the J/Pf of isonicotinamide and sulfanilamide. Secretin decreased the J/Pf of drugs with low lipophilicity or large molecular weight because the penetration rates of these drugs from cell water to pancreatic juice were not rapid enough to reach equilibrium. Pancreozymin was unable to change the J/Pf of any drug tested. These results suggest that the barrier between the blood and the pancreas or the barrier between the pancreas and the pancreatic juice is unchanged by secretin or pancreozymin. PMID- 7354437 TI - Lidocaine pharmacokinetics in pregnant and nonpregnant sheep. PMID- 7354438 TI - False-positive alkaloid reactions. PMID- 7354439 TI - Prodrugs as drug delivery systems IV: N-Mannich bases as potential novel prodrugs for amides, ureides, amines, and other NH-acidic compounds. AB - The hydrolysis kinetics of a series of N-Mannich bases of carboxamides, thioamides, and other NH-acidic compounds were studied to assess their suitability as prodrugs for various drugs. The pH-rate profiles for the compounds were determined at 37 degrees and were accounted for by assuming the spontaneous decomposition of both free and protonated Mannich bases. The reaction rate for the free base increased sharply with increasing steric effects of the amine component of the N-Mannich bases and also with increasing acidity of the amide component. N-Mannich bases may be potentially useful prodrugs for NH-acidic compounds such as various amides, and ureides and for amines. PMID- 7354440 TI - Tocainide conjugation in humans: novel biotransformation pathway for a primary amine. AB - The metabolism of tocainide, an experimental antiarrhythmic drug, was studied in humans. Urinary excretion of unchanged drug was 28-55% in 24 hr after oral dosing. Urine hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid or beta-glucuronidase increased tocainide recovery to 55-79%. Saccharo-1,4-lactone inhibited the beta glucuronidase-mediated tocainide recovery increase. Adjustment of urine to pH 13 produced a compound identified as 3-(2,6-xylyl)-5-methylhydantoin. Evidence suggests that it was derived from the same metabolite that formed the additional tocainide after acid or beta-glucuronidase treatment. Tocainide carbamoyl O-beta D-glucuronide is the structure proposed for the metabolite. The suggested pathway for its formation involves the addition of carbon dioxide to the amino nitrogen of tocainide followed by uridine diphosphate-glucuronic acid conjugation. PMID- 7354441 TI - Secondary products of itanoxone. AB - Itanoxone synthesis by Friedel-Crafts reaction between itaconic anhydride and 2 chlorobiphenyl was studied. Five isomers corresponding to possible impurities were prepared and studied to perfect a reliable and practical method to detect these impurities in itanoxone. PMID- 7354442 TI - Photodecomposition of sulfonamides and tetracyclines at oil-water interfaces. AB - Changes that occur in the interfacial tension of hydrocarbon oils floated on dilute aqueous solutions of some sulfonamides and tetracyclines and irradiated with UV light were measured. Photodecomposition products in the oil and aqueous lyers were identified, and reaction mechanisms are proposed. PMID- 7354443 TI - Chemical constituents of gentianaceae XXVIII: flavonoids of Enicostemma hyssopifolium (Willd.) Verd. AB - The whole plant of Enicostemma hyssopifolium (Willd.) Verd. (Gentianaceae) was collected at different growth stages and was shown to contain seven flavonoids: apigenin (I), genkwanin (II), isovitexin (III), swertisin (IV), saponarin (V), 5 O-glucosylswertisin (VI), and 5-O-glucosylisoswertisin (VII). Compounds VI and VII previously were unreported in nature. The yields of the flavonoids varied with the growth stage. The biochemical and chemotaxonomic significance of these results is appraised. PMID- 7354444 TI - New compartment- and model-independent method for rapid calculation of drug absorption rates. PMID- 7354445 TI - Oxygen solubilization in egg lecithin dispersed in distilled water and physiological electrolyte fluids. AB - Gaseous oxygen solubilization in egg lecithin dispersed in distilled water, saline, and a multi-ion physiological electrolyte solution was determined and compared to controls deficient in egg lecithin. Significant oxygen solubilization occurred in the presence of egg lecithin. Oxygen solubilization was significantly greater in saline and in the multi-ion physiological electrolyte solution than in distilled water. PMID- 7354446 TI - Kinetics and mechanisms of monolayer interactions V: surface activities of alkylamides, alkylmonocarboxylic acids, and alkylketones and their interaction energies with phospholipid monolayers. AB - The adsorption free energies of the C1-C6 alkylamides, C3-C8 alkylketones, and C1 C10 alkylmonocarboxylic acids at the air-water interface, estimated from plots of the surface pressure (less than or equal to 5 dynes/cm) versus the bulk concentration, were linear functions of the total surface area per molecule (square angstroms per molecule), with a slope 46% higher for the alkylamides and 25% lower for the alkylketones than that for the monocarboxylic acids. The interaction energies of alkylamides with dipalmitoyl lecithin and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine spread at the air-water interface, estimated from the surface pressure increase with increasing concentrations of the injected C1-C5 compounds, were linear functions of the total surface area per molecule. The diffusion free energies, delta Gdif, of the alkylamides within a phospholipid bilayer, predicted from the permeability equation and their interaction energies with dipalmitoyl lecithin monolayers by assuming the additivity of their free energies of adsorption and dehydration at the solution-bilayer interface, agreed with the literature data. PMID- 7354447 TI - Protein concentration effects on binding of 14C-codeine, 14C-morphine, and 3H methadone to human serum albumin. PMID- 7354448 TI - Further considerations on model-independent bioavailability estimation. AB - Assumptions attendant to model-independent bioavailability estimation were reexamined. Particular attention was given to the situation where an intravenous reference is not available and nonrenal clearance is assumed to be constant between treatments. Under these circumstances, the previously proposed approximation was compared with other bioavailability estimators. On the basis of error analysis, a procedure was devised to yield optimal relative bioavailability estimates. PMID- 7354449 TI - Antiradiation compounds XVII: binding ability of radiation-protective N heterocyclic aminoethyl disulfides and thiosulfates to DNA. AB - Binding parameters for a series of N-heterocyclic aminoethyl disulfides and thiosulfates to DNA were determined at different ionic strengths and pH values. None of the thiosulfates showed any binding ability, but the disulfides revealed DNA binding abilities that were suppressed both by increased ionic strength and hydrogen-ion concentration. No correlation between DNA binding ability and radiation protective activity in mice was evident. PMID- 7354450 TI - Mass spectrometry of chlorambucil, its degradation products, and its metabolite in biological samples. AB - A sensitive and specific method for the determination of chlorambucil and its metabolite in biological fluids is reported. The method is based on selected-ion monitoring detection following simple extraction of the parent compound, its metabolite, and an internal standard (chlorambucil-d8) from plasma and urine samples. The precision (reproducibility) of the method was 94.3 +/- 1.3% with 200 ng of chlorambucil added to 1 ml of plasma. Chlorambucil degradation or alkylation of plasma proteins was minimal with plasma incubated at 24 degrees for 4 hr. However, chlorambucil recovery decreased to 56% after plasma incubation at 37 degrees for 4 hr. Three chlorambucil degradation products in ethyl acetate solution were found, and their structures were studied by mass spectrometry. PMID- 7354451 TI - Biodistribution of 14C-lomustine in an animal tumor model. AB - A formulation of 14C-lomustine in propylene glycol-ethanol (4:1) was administered intravenously to rats infiltrated with glioma tumors of the astrocytic series (RT6). The organ and tumor distribution of this agent was followed at 1, 4, 12, and 24 hr. Rapid blood disappearance (0-1 hr) of the label concomitant with an increase in all organs except the lung, muscle, and brain was observed. Only the blood, liver, and muscle contained greater than 1% of the dose after 24 hr. The bladder, liver, small bowel, and kidneys concentrated the highest percentages throughout the study. The distribution of 14C-lomustine in the tumor relative to the brain, muscle, and blood showed a maximum 4-12 hr after administration. PMID- 7354452 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of coumarin anticoagulants XLIV: Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of warfarin in rats. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of dose on warfarin pharmacokinetics in rats. First, in a crossover experiment, rats received 14C warfarin, 0.2 mg/kg iv, 12 hr after an injection of either nonradioactive warfarin (0.5 mg/kg) or saline solution. Warfarin concentrations in plasma declined triexponentially as a function of time. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that pretreatment with warfarin significantly decreased the apparent volume of distribution, total plasma clearance, and intrinsic plasma clearance of the drug. In the second part of the investigation, rats received single intravenous warfarin injections in the order of 0.1-1.0-0.1 or 1.0-0.1-1.0 mg/kg at 2-week intervals. The apparent volume of distribution, total plasma clearance, and intrinsic plasma clearance of the 1.0-mg/kg warfarin dose were appreciably lower than those of the 0.1-mg/kg dose. The decrease in the apparent volume of distribution of warfarin with increasing dose is consistent with the previously observed concentration dependence in hepatic uptake of the drug. PMID- 7354453 TI - New calculation method of mean total body clearance of drugs and its application to dosage regimens. AB - A new method for calculating the mean total body drug clearance is proposed for determining the mean dosing rate for patients. In this method, the mean clearance can be calculated from the individual clearance values by the harmonic mean method, or it can be determined by dividing the same absorbed dose by the arithmetic mean of the areas under the plasma level-time curve from time zero to infinity from all of the subjects or patients studied. In this method, the arithmetic mean method is assumed to have been used for calculation of literature mean plasma levels. Various methods for calculating mean clearances also are evaluated. These methods yield different mean clearance values from the same set of individual data, resulting in different dosage regimen recommendations. PMID- 7354454 TI - Simultaneous GLC determination of clofibrate and clofibric acid in human plasma. AB - A simultaneous assay for the detection of clofibrate and its metabolite, clofibric acid [2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid], is described. This GLC method is rapid and does not require a derivatization step. It is sensitive to 1-microgram/ml levels of either compound in biological samples and can be used to characterize the in vivo conversion of clofibrate ester to the free acid. PMID- 7354456 TI - Determination of two fenamates in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7354455 TI - Cactus alkaloids XLII: 3,4-dimethoxy-beta-phenethylamine and heliamine from the Mexican cereoid Backebergia militaris. AB - Backebergia militaris (Andot) Bravo ex Sanchez Mejorada yielded alkaloid crystals from a fractionated ethanol extract of only 20 g of plant material. The alkaloid was identified as heliamine (6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) hydrochloride. A second alkaloid, 3,4-dimethoxy-beta-phenethylamine hydrochloride, was crystallized after preparative TLC of the mother liquors. Both compounds were isolated previously from other cactus species. PMID- 7354457 TI - Antitumor activity of hydrazones and adducts between aromatic aldehydes and p (3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)benzoic acid hydrazide. AB - Hydrazones and adducts between aromatic aldehydes and p-(3,3-dimethyl-1 triazeno)benzoic acid hydrazide were synthesized and tested for antitumor activity. Two adducts derived from 2,6-dinitro- and 4-cyanobenzaldehyde were active against TLX5 lymphoma in mice. The hydrazone of the latter aldehyde was significantly more active than the adducts. PMID- 7354458 TI - Electron-capture GLC determination of bromhexine in human plasma. AB - A specific and sensitive GLC analysis of bromhexine in human plasma is described. After addition of the internal standard and an aqueous triethanolamine solution, bromhexine is extracted at alkaline pH into n-hexane, transferred to an acidic aqueous solution, and back-extracted into n-hexane after alkalinization. Both compounds are derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride and quantified by GLC using , 63Ni-electron-capture detector. The method has a sensitivity of approximately 1.0 ng/ml of plasma. Linearity of plasma working curves was good. The extraction recovery from spiked plasma was 90.1 +/- 5.68% (SD). The within run and within-day precisions (CV) were 6.0% (4.3 ng/ml, n = 8) and 8.6% (11.0 ng/ml, n = 13), respectively. The procedure was applied successfully to measurement of the plasma concentration-time profile in a human volunteer after oral drug administration. PMID- 7354460 TI - A unique shoulder lesion in ankylosing spondylitis: clinical comment. PMID- 7354459 TI - Lung carcinoma: juxtaarticular disease resembling bursitis and tenosynovitis. PMID- 7354462 TI - Inflammatory changes in Sjogren's syndrome. An electron microscopic study. PMID- 7354461 TI - Rheumatoid pleural effusions: the case for a primary glucose transport defect. PMID- 7354463 TI - Regional osteoporosis of the hip treated with calcitonin--continued. PMID- 7354464 TI - Hyperuricemia and gout in secondary polycythemia due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 7354465 TI - Histopathogenesis of bovine serum. Albumin-induced arthritis in the rabbit. AB - The sequential histologic changes in a bovine serum albumin (BSA)-induced model of chronic arthritis are described. The deposition of antigen in cartilage appears responsible for the localization of the chronic phase of the lesion, which predominates in synovium contiguous with the meniscus and periarticular ligaments. Theoretically, removal of antigen or immune complexes could play a key role in therapy of immune-mediated arthritis. PMID- 7354466 TI - A trial of intraarticular orgotein, a superoxide dismutase, in experimentally induced osteoarthritis. AB - Intraarticular injections of orgotein, a metalloprotein with superoxide dismutase activity, did not ameliorate experimentally-induced osteoarthritis in the rabbit. Reduction of sulfate incorporation by cartilage of operated osteoarthritic knees with injection of saline-sucrose placebo and orgotein in saline-sucrose vehicle was observed. Repeated intraarticular injections of both orgotein in a sucrose saline vehicle, and sucrose-saline placebo administered separately induced a severe synovitis in both osteoarthritic and normal knees. PMID- 7354467 TI - Synovial iron deposition in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - We examined the iron deposition in the synovia of 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 25 patients with osteoarthritis, and 20 controls without joint disorders. Both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid synovia contained iron, but in the latter greater quantities were present. None of the controls with normal synovia had iron deposition. As osteoarthritic patients had no concurrent systemic disorders, we suggest that local factors are of major importance in the deposition of iron, as opposed to the theory that iron deposition in synovium is a reflection of a generalized disturbance of iron kinetics in chronic disease. PMID- 7354469 TI - The clinical progression of apparent juvenile rheumatoid arthritis to systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Ten patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) developed clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 2 1/2 to 21 yr. At onset there was little to distinguish these patients from other children with JRA. Chronic arthritis developed in all and was not different from that seen in JRA. Onset of SLE followed a flare of arthritis in 8 patients, development of serositis in 5, and fever and rash in 5. LE cells and elevated DNA-binding were found in all patients, and glomerulonephritis was demonstrated in the 6 patients on whom renal biopsies were done. This group of patients may represent an important diagnostic subset of children with JRA or SLE. PMID- 7354470 TI - Articular complications of jejunoileal bypass surgery. AB - Articular complications are now frequently recognized with jejunoileal-bypass surgery for morbid obesity. We have evaluated 6 referred patients with these problems and 50 consecutive patients who had this procedure. The arthritis is variable but usually affects multiple joints. Four patients were seen during acute attacks of arthritis and all had cryoprecipitable material in their sera and plasma. Three of these 4 patients had evidence of Group D streptococcal antigen present while their joint disease was active, suggesting a possible role for bacterial antigens in the pathogenesis of the arthritis of jejunoileal bypass. PMID- 7354468 TI - Problems associated with the management of pregnancies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Eighty-three percent of 24 pregnancies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus studied retrospectively terminated in normal children. Fifty-four percent of patients had clinical and serological disease exacerbations during pregnancy or in the post-partum period, as contrasted with 4% in the 6 months prior to pregnancy. The presence of significant renal disease and SLE activity in the 6 months prior to pregnancy correlated with exacerbations. A distinction between pre-eclamptic toxemia and lupus exacerbation had to be made in 25% of our patients. There were 2 maternal deaths associated with uncontrolled lupus activity. No potentially viable infants died for reasons directly related to lupus activity. PMID- 7354471 TI - Serum histidine in rheumatoid arthritis: changes induced by antirheumatic drug therapy. AB - Serum free histidine levels were studied in 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with D-penicillamine and 15 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine for 6 months. Both drugs produced improvement in the majority of patients, measured in terms of changes in 5 clinical parameters and plasma viscosity. A significant increase in serum histidine was observed only with D-penicillamine. This action, not seen with other specific antirheumatoid drugs may reflect a specific action of the drug. PMID- 7354472 TI - Laboratory investigations in pseudogout patients and controls. AB - Nine biochemical laboratory tests and parathyroid and thyroid stimulating hormone levels from 36 symptomatic pseudogout patients were compared with results from 29 control subjects (spouses of patients). We found no significant differences in mean laboratory test values between patients and controls, although the patient and control group were not identical for male:female composition. We also found no differences in the number of laboratory abnormalities between the younger and older pseudogout patients. Elevated immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels, hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia accounted for almost 30% of the abnormal laboratory tests in the pseudogout patients. Laboratory abnormalities were frequent in both patients and controls. PMID- 7354473 TI - Achilles tendinitis associated with chondrocalcinosis. AB - Achilles tendinitis was observed in 3 patients with idiopathic articular chondrocalcinosis. It was associated with linear radiological calcifications which in this condition are not unusual but generally asymptomatic. Crystals presumed to be calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) were found in the 2 cases that were biopsied. In 2 patients the acute inflammation of the tendon subsided after several days, but in the 3rd it lasted 4 1/2 months, and resulted in a cicatricial thickening of the tendon with a progressive disappearence of the calcifications. Therefore, the development of Achilles tendinitis in an elderly patient may be an inflammatory reaction to CPPD crystal deposits. PMID- 7354474 TI - Streptococcus MG-intermedius (Streptococcus milleri) septic arthritis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Streptococcus MG-Intermedius (S. milleri) septic arthritis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis is presented. The unusual nature of this infection and the difficulties with the identification of S. milleri are discussed. PMID- 7354475 TI - Reversal of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy after chemotherapy for bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - A patient with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HO) secondary to large cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung was treated with combination chemotherapy (CAP 1). Systemic tumor symptoms resolved within 3 wk. Relief from the bone and articular symptoms of HO was noted after 3 months of treatment, coincident with a partial remission (greater than 50% tumor regression). Objective improvement in the radionuclide bone scan and radiographic periostitis was demonstrated after 6 months. Symptomatic improvement continued despite evidence of tumor progression after 10 months of treatment. Systemic chemotherapy should be considered in the management of symptomatic osteoarthropathy secondary to unresectable bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7354477 TI - The General Accounting Office and the public health. PMID- 7354476 TI - Metastatic carcinomatous arthritis and carcinoma of the lung. A report of two cases diagnosed by synovial fluid cytology. AB - Arthritis is rarely caused by metastatic carcinomatous deposits in and about joints. Two patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and metastatic carcinomatous arthritis (MCA) are described. The diagnosis was established by the demonstration of malignant cells in the synovial fluid. Histology of the synovium, in 1 case, revealed several metastatic carcinomatous deposits. This report emphasizes the value of synovial fluid exfoliative cytology in the early recognition of MCA so that appropriate palliative therapy can be implemented. PMID- 7354479 TI - Cheating in medical school. PMID- 7354478 TI - A pediatric--child-psychiatry liaison program in a community hospital. AB - In this paper the authors describe an innovative pediatric and child psychiatry liaison program in a community hospital. The primary focus of the program has been on the identification of normal and abnormal development of the hospitalized child and his family members, none of whom has obvious psychopathology. It has been directed toward and well received by medical students, pediatric residents, and paramedical personnel involved in pediatric hospital care and has increased the medical team's awareness of and sensitivities to patient and family needs. PMID- 7354480 TI - Educational implications of ambulatory care in the community. PMID- 7354481 TI - Teaching quality assurance at an HMO. PMID- 7354483 TI - A behavioral medicine course for postgraduate trainees in internal medicine. PMID- 7354484 TI - Teaching primary care psychiatry to medical students: a program and its results. PMID- 7354482 TI - Curriculum development and evaluation for a cancer education program. PMID- 7354485 TI - Health care technology. PMID- 7354486 TI - Performance in preceptorships. PMID- 7354487 TI - Chart review skills. PMID- 7354488 TI - Continuing education of physicians: conclusions and recommendations. Ad Hoc Committee on Continuing Medical Education of the Association of American Medical Colleges. PMID- 7354489 TI - Nuclear imaging of the heart. PMID- 7354490 TI - Radiologic seminar CXCIX: Improved thyroid uptakes and scans with Iodine-123. PMID- 7354491 TI - National Health Service Corps: boon or boondoggle? PMID- 7354492 TI - Use of the ventilatory equivalent to separate hypermetabolism from increased dead space ventilation in the injured or septic patient. AB - Normal subjects and surgical patients were studied with a noninvasive canopy spirometer system which provides prolonged measurements of gas exchange and pattern of breathing. Values for normal subjects agreed with published values. Twenty-nine patients undergoing uncomplicated elective operation had a mean preoperative minute ventilation of 3.44 +/- 0.84 L/min/m2, a VO2 of 0.132 +/- 0.022 L/min/m2, and VCO2 of 0.105 +/- 0.017 L/min/m2, and the postoperative values on the third to fifth day were not statistically different. The ventilatory equivalent (V.E.CO2) or the liters of air moved per liter of CO2 excreted has been used instead of the dead space/tidal volume (VD/VT) ratio for the indication of levels of minute ventilation, which are excessive for the associated metabolic demands for gas exchange. Thirty-eight runs on 18 acutely ill surgical patients showed mean increases in minute ventilation of 85%; the associated increases in metabolism averaged 17%. Therefore, their V.E.CO2 increased from a normal of 31 +/- 6 to 50.7 +/- 8, indicating a sharp increase in dead space ventilation. The additional clinical information provided by the serial graphic presentation of V.E.CO2 supplements what is learned from successive numbers representing the trend in VD/VT. PMID- 7354493 TI - Burn wound sepsis: effect of delayed treatment with topical chemotherapy on survival. AB - Using a standardized laboratory rat model of burn wound sepsis, a regimen of once a day application of Silvadene has been found to be more effective treatment than Sulfamylon or cerium-Silvadene. Delaying treatment following infection resulted in decreased survival. Possible reasons for difference in mortality are once daily application, or perhaps a change in sensitivity between drugs and the infective organism (Ps. aeruginosa) over time. PMID- 7354494 TI - A critical evaluation of povidone-iodine absorption in thermally injured patients. AB - Povidone-iodine ointment is a widely used topical antimicrobial agent in thermally injured patients. In 17 patients with burns ranging from 4 to 85% TBSA this agent was applied to both partial- and full-thickness burns. Peak serum iodine levels in patients treated within 24 hours of injury ranged from 595 to 4,900 micrograms per dL. The amount of iodine absorbed was directly related to the size of the burn. Serum iodine levels continued to rise until the drug was discontinued and remained elevated for as long as 7 days after discontinuance. Iodine excretion was directly related to renal function. The highest serum and lowest urinary iodine levels were present in patients who developed renal failure. Thyroid function was not affected by drug usage. A proven cause-and effect relationship between the elevated serum iodine attributed to the absorption of povidone-iodine and metabolic acidosis, hypernatremia, and hyperosmolarity was not established. Close monitoring of the patient's fluid and electrolyte balance is imperative during drug usage. The drug is contraindicated in any patient with impaired renal function. The high serum levels of this inorganic ion imply potential toxicity, but clinical evidence of cell or organ toxicity is as yet undetermined. PMID- 7354495 TI - Early biochemical changes and severity of injury in man. AB - To investigate whether biochemical changes soon after injury could be used as a measure of its severity or to predict its outcome we have examined the relationships of an injury severity score, initial blood metabolite concentrations, and subsequent biochemical changes in 33 injured patients. At about 4 hours after injury severity was related directly to blood lactate, pyruvate, and alanine (p less than 0.01), and inversely to blood ketone body concentrations (p less than 0.05). In 19 patients the daily total nitrogen, histidine, and 3-methylhistidine excretion was measured for 7 days. Only total urinary nitrogen was related to injury severity; 3-methylhistidine was inversely related to initial ketone body concentration; and histidine excretion was related to initial lactate, pyruvate, and alanine concentration. It is concluded that certain early biochemical measurements are significantly related to the severity of injury, and thus may be of practical importance. PMID- 7354496 TI - Stress hormones, lipids, and factors of hemostasis in trauma patients with and without fat embolism syndrome: a comparative study at least one year after severe trauma. AB - The pathophysiologic mechanism of fat embolism syndrome (FES) has been thought to depend on mechanical blockage of capillaries by fat emboli or on the toxic effect of free fatty acids on the capillary endothelium. Aggregation of platelets, microembolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and vasoactive amines are considered to be involved. The question of why some patients develop fat embolism while other patients with similar injuries do not remains to be solved. Blood tests in ten patients who developed FES and their reaction to stress were compared to the same tests in ten patients with similar injuries without FES at least 1 year after trauma. The following were measured: blood Hb, leucocytes, platelets, protein and lipid electrophoresis, ACTH, cortisol, TSH, GH, insulin, glucose, NEFA, certain coagulation and fibrinolytic studies, alpha 1 antitrypsin, and antithrombin III. The platelet values, especially after stress, and P + P values were higher in the FES-patients. The alpha-beta lipoprotein ratio was lower and the blood glucose values were higher in half of those FES-patients in whom a diabetic heredity was discovered. The U-catecholamines were also somewhat higher in the FES-patients. Disturbances of the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as a high platelet count and high P + P values may predispose to thrombosis and DIC. More numerous petechiae in Rumpel-Leede's stasis test in fat embolism patients suggest increased capillary fragility. Low growth hormone values in FES-patients and a different cortisol reaction to stress compared to control patients suggests a disturbed neurohumoral regulation in FES. PMID- 7354497 TI - Teaching the initial management of major multiple system trauma. PMID- 7354498 TI - Delayed neurologic injury secondary to high-voltage current, with recovery. AB - A patient with delayed neurologic injury secondary to high-tension current, with recovery, is presented. The mechanism of injury and pathophysiology are felt to be either vascular or direct damage to the spinal cord. This case demonstrates the need for frequent, repeated neurologic examinations of electrical injury victims. The cause of delay in onset of neurologic injury and the mechanism of recovery need further experimental study. PMID- 7354499 TI - Multiple cardiac lesions from blunt trauma. AB - Blunt chest trauma may produce a variety of cardiac lesions, which may occur alone or in combination. A case with a ventricular septal defect, left ventricular aneurysm, and coronary arteriovenous fistula with an associated rupture of the thoracic aorta following blunt trauma is presented in order to demonstrate that multiple, life-threatening cardaic lesions may be managed successfully. Surgical repair 32 days postinjury with Teflon patch plus ligation of the fistula were followed by recovery in the patient presented. PMID- 7354500 TI - Rupture of the right hemidiaphragm with liver herniation: report of a case with extension of a tear of a previously undiagnosed ruptured right hemidiaphragm. AB - Right-sided blunt diaphragmatic rupture is not uncommon. Its incidence has definitely increased. As expected, total or partial herniation of the liver commonly occurs with this entity. Diaphragmatic-pericardial rupture with visceral herniation into the pericardial cavity and other rare injuries have been diagnosed, but we found no report of extension of a diaphragmatic tear of a previously undiagnosed right-sided diaphragmatic rupture with total herniation of the liver. Such a case is reported here. PMID- 7354501 TI - The simultaneous use of Harrington compression and distraction rods in a thoracolumbar fracture-dislocation. PMID- 7354502 TI - Extrahepatic biliary steering-wheel trauma simulating pancreatic carcinoma--a dilemma in management. AB - A case report of extrahepatic common bile duct injury manifesting 3 weeks after a car accident, which resulted in a submucosal hematoma simulating bile duct carcinoma. Following operative placement of a T-tube the hematoma in the common bile duct resolved. The case presented supports the theory that the injury is caused by the effect of a shearing force on the inelastic common bile duct (5). PMID- 7354503 TI - Open metacarpophalangeal dislocations of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers. AB - A case of open metacarpophalangeal dislocation involving the index, middle, ring, and little fingers is presented. The extensive soft-tissue injury, associated with the dislocation, probably facilitated reduction. Repair was successful. PMID- 7354504 TI - False aneurysm of the posterior tibial artery complicating fracture of the tibia and fibula. AB - A false aneurysm of the posterior tibial artery associated with a fracture of the tibia and fibula is described. A review of the English language literature of the last 15 years revealed only six other similar cases. The physician should bear in mind that a persisting painful swelling at the fracture site of the leg might be the only clinical sign of a false aneurysm developing in one of the tibial vessels. PMID- 7354505 TI - Traumatic lumbar artery-inferior vena cava fistula. AB - A case is presented of a young man with small bowel and colon perforations secondary to an anterior abdominal knife wound who on followup examination had a lumbar artery-inferior vena cava fistula. This was closed successfully 8 weeks postinjury. PMID- 7354506 TI - Prostatitis syndromes: new perspectives about old woes. PMID- 7354507 TI - Renal cancer invading the inferior vena cava: clinical review and anatomical approach. AB - Renal cell carcinoma invades the inferior vena cava in approximately 5 per cent of the patients. The only effective therapy for intravascular renal cell carcinoma is radical nephrectomy and complete removal of the tumor thrombus. To formulate a reasonable operative approach to intracaval renal cell carcinoma we have reviewed our experience with 6 cases as well as the experience of other investigators. In addition, we studied the collateral circulation of the renal veins as described by various anatomists, and to this information we have added our experience with inferior venacavography and with intraoperative and autopsy dissections. Herein we describe a new preoperative staging system for intravascular renal cell carcinoma. The operative approach to each stage is discussed in detail beneficial intraoperative maneuvers are described and illustrated. PMID- 7354508 TI - Cecocystoplasty for bladder augmentation. AB - Augmentation of the bladder by cecocystoplasty has been studied in 37 patients during a 15-year period. The indications for an operation were a small contracted bladder secondary to tuberculosis in 31 cases, interstitial cystitis in 5 and carcinoma of the bladder in 1. Results were studied by the assessment of symptomatic improvement, the effect on renal function, urinary tract infection and the postoperative complications. Urodynamic studies also were done on 23 patients with tuberculosis of the renal tract and the results are discussed. Azotemia was not a contraindication to an operation but patients with enuresis or those who have evidence of psychiatric disturbance should be assessed carefully. PMID- 7354509 TI - Complications of cystectomy. AB - Analysis of 50 consecutive cystectomies performed by 1 surgeon during a 3-year period is conducted to determine the rate of complications (32 per cent) and the operative mortality (2 per cent). Rectal injury during salvage cystectomy represents the most major complication and wound infection was the most common complication. PMID- 7354510 TI - Management of prostatomembranous urethral disruption: 13-year experience. PMID- 7354511 TI - Clinical experience with hinged silicone penile implants for impotence. AB - Herein is discussed 25 men between 26 and 66 years old who underwent implantation of paired hinged silicone penile prostheses for importance. Subtraction of 20 mm. from the maximum symphysis to the mid glans length obtained in the outpatient setting provided an accurate estimate of the rigid shaft length of the implanted prostheses. The prosthesis, itself, was a satisfactory corporeal dilator in 84 per cent of the patients. In 1 case the prosthesis had to be removed because of infection and 4 patients would have benefited from a narrower shaft diameter prosthesis. After implantation of the new prosthesis 96 per cent of the patients had satisfactory intercourse. PMID- 7354512 TI - Endocrine effects of cyproterone acetate in patients with prostatic cancer. AB - Cyproterone acetate was given to patients with stages C and D prostatic cancer and its effect on endocrine parameters was studied. At a daily oral dose of 100 mg. cyproterone acetate induced marked reduction in the size and consistency of tumor, while it caused moderate suppression of serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone levels. Elevation of serum prolactin levels was observed after treatment with cyproterone acetate but was to a lesser degree than that caused by estrogens. PMID- 7354513 TI - Detection of urinary cancer with urinalysis sediment. AB - Examination of urinalysis sediments stained with toluidine blue from 1,208 men and women more than 40 years old revealed 58 abnormal specimens. Of these specimens 5 were positive with a routine cytologic examination and histopathologic confirmation. This detection rate of 1 bladder cancer in 1,000 examinations makes this simple examination worthwhile, the preparation of which has been done mainly in clinical microscopy. PMID- 7354514 TI - The role of excretory urography and cystoscopy in the evaluation and management of women with recurrent urinary tract infection. AB - We examined the roles of excretory urography and cystoscopy in the evaluation and management of 153 otherwise healthy women seen consecutively with recurrent urinary tract infections. The excretory urograms were entirely normal in 89 per cent of the patients; the abnormalities were incidental findings with no influence on subsequent management. These results, combined with the known expense and risks inherent in the use of iodinated radiologic contrast material, suggest that excretory urography be limited to those patients possessing other risk factors. These include a history of unexplained hematuria, obstructive symptoms, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, renal calculi, analgesic abuse, severe diabetes mellitus or bacteriologic evidence of rapid recurrence suggesting bacterial persistence within the urinary tract or an enterovesical fistula. On the other hand, cystoscopy under local anesthesia has essentially no risks and occasionally will yield information helpful in future management. PMID- 7354515 TI - The evaluation of bladder neck dysfunction. AB - Bladder neck dysfunction has been evaluated in 16 male patients. The efficacy of the traditional investigative methods for this entity is questionable and the value of video-urodynamics for definitive diagnosis is presented. The ability of the condition to masquerade as prostatis is apparent and treatment by unilateral bladder neck incision is proposed. PMID- 7354516 TI - Failure of bethanechol denervation supersensitivity as a diagnostic aid. AB - A total of 33 patients who demonstrated detrusor areflexia during cystometry underwent the bethanechol denervation supersensitivity test. In each instance the presence or absence of a neurologic lesion was documented carefully by complete neurologic evaluation. Of the 21 patients with a neurogenic bladder there was a falsely negative rate of 24 per cent. Of the 12 patients without a neurogenic bladder the falsely positive rate was 50 per cent. It is concluded that a positive bethanechol test is not by itself indicative of neurogenic bladder nor does a negative test exclude this diagnosis. PMID- 7354517 TI - Failure of the bethanechol supersensitivity test to predict improved voiding after subcutaneous bethanechol administration. AB - Subcutaneous administration of 5 mg. bethanechol chloride did not change significantly either flow rates or percentage residual urine in 11 patients with a positive bethanechol supersensitivity test. Therefore, a positive response to this test cannot be used to predict improved voiding function after subcutaneous or oral administration of the drug. Studies that purport to show a long-term rather than a short-term facilitory effect of this agent on voiding must satisfy rigid criteria, which include totally excluding a change in any other factor affecting the lower urinary tract. PMID- 7354518 TI - Urethral sphincterotomy for chronic spinal cord injury. AB - This study involves 53 patients with chronic spinal cord injury for 3 to 30 years in duration who had remained on catheter retention, had experienced different complications and were selected for urethral sphincterotomy. The pertinent and related literature, the results of patient evaluation and the indications, methods and complications of sphincterotomies will be discussed. Also presented are interesting points of the urodynamic studies and the justification and encouraging results of sphincterotomy in these patients. PMID- 7354519 TI - The flow rate nomogram: II. Clinical correlation. AB - Using the previously demonstrated statistical relationship between urinary flow rate and bladder volume we tested 53 patients with clinically evident outflow obstruction by uroflowmetry. Of these patients 32 were tested before and after a successful operation for outflow obstruction. In 98 per cent of the maximum flow measurements in obstructed patients the nomogram values were less than minus 2 standard deviations, indicating a clear separation from the normal population. After operative relief of the obstruction repeat uroflowmetry demonstrated all values to be in the normal range. Furthermore, in each patient the peak flow rate value increased an average of 2.7 standard deviations (minimum increase of 1.5 standard deviations). No significant correlation could be demonstrated between the size of the prostatic resection and the degree of urinary flow impairment. The use of a flow rate nomogram appears to differentiate reliably normal from obstructed individuals and also is highly useful in the postoperative followup of urinary outflow obstruction. PMID- 7354520 TI - Renal quantitative scintillation camera studies in the management of myelodysplasia. AB - The renal quantitative scintillation gamma camera study has been used in the evaluation and management of 95 children with myelodysplasia. This study has been helpful in assessing renal function. The precise information, reproducibility of results, high correlation with excretory urography and a minimal amount of irradiation exposure to the patient make this procedure an ideal technique to evaluate and follow a population that needs continuous monitoring of individual as well as total renal function. PMID- 7354521 TI - Two infantile cases of primary megaloureter with uncommon pathological findings: ultrastructural study and its clinical implication. AB - We report 2 cases of primary megaloureter, which might shed an unconventional insight into the etiology of this controversial issue. On histological studies, using light and electron microscopy, the dilated segment was characterized by sparse muscular development with an unrecognized amount of thick myofilaments and interstitial fibrosis, while the distal few centimeters of the narrowed segment maintained relatively normal muscular and interstitial features. The etiological and clinical implication of these findings in the management of primary megaloureter is discussed. PMID- 7354522 TI - Transverse advancement ureteral reimplantation: pull-through alternative in megaloureter. AB - A modification of the transverse advancement ureteral reimplantation technique suitable for megaloureter operation is described. After dividing the ureter extravesically at or near the ureteral hiatus and after adequate mobilization or manipulation (tailoring), the ureter is pulled through into the bladder. A limited mucosal incision is then made and routine transverse advancement reimplantation is done. The technique is suitable for cases when extravesical exposure of the ureter is considered necessary and obviates the need for intravesical ureteral mobilization. PMID- 7354523 TI - Megaloureter: definition, diagnosis and management. PMID- 7354524 TI - Ventriculoureteral shunt for hydrocephalus without nephrectomy. AB - The urinary tract has been used previously for shunting of cerebrospinal fluid. However, nephrectomy has always accompanied the procedure, making it less appealing despite adequate relief of hydrocephalus. By using reimplantation of the ureter and a psoas hitch we have performed the first reported ventriculoureterostomy without nephrectomy. To date the results in 3 patients have been excellent from a neurosurgical and urologic standpoint. PMID- 7354525 TI - The lack of correlation between upper tract changes on excretory urography and significant vesicoureteral reflux. AB - In a retrospective review of all excretory urograms and voiding cystourethrograms performed in a 1-year period in 391 children evaluated with a history of urinary infection 56 (14 per cent) had vesicoureteral reflux as well as a normal excretory urogram. Of the 89 children in the study with vesicoureteral reflux 56 (63 per cent) had a normal excretory urogram. The grade of reflux was II or greater in 49 per cent of the cases, which also had a normal excretory urogram. We conclude that an excretory urogram without a voiding cystourethrogram is an inadequate study for a child with a history of urinary infection. PMID- 7354526 TI - The effect of bladder function on the dynamics of the ureterovesical junction. AB - Upper tract perfusion studies in suspected ureterovesical junction obstruction should always be performed with measurement of intravesical pressure and with variation in bladder volume. Obstruction observed with increasing bladder volumes may be related to a non-compliant bladder wall, mechanical obstruction at or near the junction itself or a combination of both factors. PMID- 7354527 TI - The changing role of cystoscopy in the pediatric patient. AB - Cystoscopy is used too often in the pediatric patient and frequently is without diagnostic or therapeutic benefit to the child. Cystoscopy is of little proved benefit in the evaluation and treatment of recurrent cystitis, primary enuresis and most cases of hematuria. In children initially diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux therapeutic determinations generally can be made on the basis of response to appropriate antimicrobial therapy and from uroradiographic findings. Cystoscopy remains a valuable tool to evaluate urinary obstruction and severe congenital defects, such as intersex and cloacal anomalies, and to help place percutaneous suprapubic tubes for bladder cycling before urinary undiversion and for urodynamic evaluation. PMID- 7354528 TI - Urethral strictures secondary to pelvic injury in children. AB - Surgical repair of a membranous urethral stricture is difficult because of the location and potential risks of incontinence, impotence and infertility. The treatment of 2 such strictures by the Badenoch pull-through urethroplasty is presented. The technique is described and its apparent advantages over other methods of repair are discussed. PMID- 7354529 TI - Pediatric urolithiasis in the 1970s. AB - We studied retrospectively 38 children who presented with urolithiasis between 1970 and 1977. The sex ratio was 1:1 and the mean age was 9.4 years. A positive family history was found in 36 per cent. Urinary tract abnormalities predisposing to infective urolithiasis was found in 7 children (18 per cent) but required voiding cystography for detection in 5. Hypercalcemia was found in 3 of 32 (8 per cent), while 28 of the 38 patients (74 per cent) had idiopathic urolithiasis. Idiopathic hypercalciuria was found in 5 of 13 patients (38 per cent) with idiopathic urolithiasis. Investigation of urolithiasis in children should include voiding cystography and measurement of urine calcium, as well as oxalate and uric acid, under home diet conditions. PMID- 7354530 TI - Renal mass in crossed-fused ectopia. PMID- 7354531 TI - Renal cystography: unusual complication. AB - A patient is described in whom renal cyst aspiration and subsequent contrast material instillation caused pain, flank mass and spiking temperature, evantually necessitating exploration and drainage of a sterile abscess. Undiluted, hyperosmotic contrast material was the probable cause of this complication. A simple, easy way to calculate cyst volume and amount of contrast material to be used during cyst aspiration injection studies is discussed. PMID- 7354532 TI - Non-operative management of severe renal lacerations. AB - The management of severe renal lacerations produced by blunt trauma requires accurate diagnosis and close followup. All severe renal lacerations cannot be treated expectantly and non-operatively. However, in the stable patient with an accurately defined lesion and no other injury requiring surgical intervention a non-operative approach appears to be acceptable. We present 4 illustrative cases. PMID- 7354533 TI - A case of incomplete renal tubular acidosis (type 1) associated with medullary sponge kidney followed by nephrocalcinosis. AB - A case is reported of incomplete renal tubular acidosis (type 1) associated with medullary sponge kidney followed by nephrocalcinosis. Although several cases of classic renal tubular acidosis associated with medullary sponge kidney have been documented a case of incomplete renal tubular acidosis associated with medullary sponge kidney seems to be rare. We recommend examination for incomplete renal tubular acidosis in patients with medullary sponge kidney and nephrocalcinosis without systemic acidosis. PMID- 7354534 TI - Conserving nephrons in cholesteatoma. AB - A case of cholesteatoma, clearly delineated by preoperative air contrast retrograde pyelography, was treated like stone disease by removal of the obstructing material from the renal pelvis and pelvic ureter. A 7-year followup suggests that conservative surgical management may be the preferred treatment, since there is no evidence to date that cholesteatoma is a pre-malignant lesion nor necessarily a recurrent condition. PMID- 7354535 TI - Renal oncocytomas: clinical, radiological and histological features. AB - Proximal renal tubular adenomas with oncocytic features, also known as renal oncocytomas, are rare, probably benign, tumors of the kidney. They are easily misdiagnosed as carcinomas. However, radiological, histological and ultrastructural characteristics allow their differentiation from adenomas and adenocarcinomas. We report 4 cases of renal oncocytomas and review the literature. PMID- 7354536 TI - Reflex anuria from unilateral ureteral obstruction. AB - A 20-year-old woman had 18 hours of pain and anuria associated with a calcium oxalate stone impacted in the distal left ureter. The stone passed spontaneously and the urine output returned. There was no abnormality of the right kidney on excretory urography. We believe that this is a cause of reflex anuria not previously described. Severe pain may be the initiating event in this unusual but interesting syndrome and mechanisms proposed by previous authors are reviewed. PMID- 7354537 TI - Asymptomatic progression of partial ureteropelvic obstruction in children. AB - We report 2 cases of ureteropelvic obstruction, 1 of which was congenital and the other was postoperative with asymptomatic deterioration of the involved kidney. PMID- 7354538 TI - Lobulated inverted papilloma of the ureter. AB - An inverted papilloma of the ureter with ipsilateral hydronephrosis was found in a 77-year-old man who had a history of prostatic carcinoma. Inverted papilloma of the urothelium is a rare lesion, with the vast majority of cases being found in the bladder. To date none has been documented in the ureter. PMID- 7354539 TI - Undifferentiated sarcoma arising in an augmented ileocystoplasty patch. AB - We report an unusual case of a sarcoma at the patch site of an ileocystoplasty. The tumor proved to be an aggressive neoplasm that metastasized widely. The literature is reviewed concerning neoplasms occurring in urinary diversion procedures. PMID- 7354540 TI - Primary melanoma of the bladder: a case report and review. AB - A case of primary melanoma of the bladder is presented along with a review of the 3 previously reported cases. The criteria for classification of the bladder lesion as the primary site are discussed. Symptomatology and patient presentation are described. PMID- 7354541 TI - Malignant pheochromocytoma of the bladder. AB - A review of malignant pheochromocytoma of the bladder is presented with an illustrative case, emphasizing the importance of preoperative localization and an extirpative surgical approach for such patients. Since histologic criteria of malignancy in phoechromocytomas have not yet been established all of these patiets warrant a thorough intraoperative search and long-term postoperative followup for possible metastases. PMID- 7354542 TI - Fracture of the penis. AB - We report on 4 patients with fracture of the penis who were managed conservatively with oxyphenbutazone and diazepam. All of our patients recovered completely within 6 to 8 weeks. PMID- 7354543 TI - Transglandular cavernosum-spongiosum shunt for leukemic priapism in childhood. AB - Priapism is a complication rarely seen in childhood leukemia. Whatever the etiology the basic pathologic feature is obstruction to venous outflow from the corpora cavernosa. The cavernous bodies are erect but the glans penis and the corpus spongiosum usually remain soft. Various forms of treatment have been advocated for the management of this condition and have met with varying degrees of success. A boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia presented with priapism. Although radiation and chemotherapy induced prompt remission and dramatic decrease in leukocytosis, the priapism persisted. Resolution of the priapism was obtained using the transglandular cavernosum-spongiosum shunt. PMID- 7354544 TI - Post-traumatic segmental corpus cavernosum fibrosis: the diagnostic value of cavernosography and the surgical correction by cavernosum-cavernosum shunt. AB - A case is reported of post-traumatic segmental corpus cavernosum fibrosis with subsequent loss of erection. Evaluation of such problems with cavernosography is essential. Surgical correction included resection of the fibrotic segment and a cavernosum-cavernosum shunt, which resulted in good erections. PMID- 7354545 TI - Polyorchidism and seminoma in a child. AB - A case is reported of a neoplasm involving a supernumerary testicle in a 9-year old boy. The histologic diagnosis was anaplastic seminoma. We have not been able to find a similar case in the literature. PMID- 7354546 TI - Bilateral spermatic cord torsion in the neonate. AB - A case is reported of torsion of the spermatic cord in a newborn. This experience re-emphasizes the necessity of a careful and complete examination of the newborn immediately after delivery. The presence of a scrotal mass that does not transmit light represents torsion of the spermatic cord until proved otherwise, and demands immediate surgical intervention if their is to be any hope of testicular salvage. If torsion is present contralateral fixation is necessary. PMID- 7354547 TI - Anaerobic urinary tract infection owing to Bacteroides fragilis in a chronic hemodialysis patient. AB - A chronic maintenance hemodialysis patient with severe oliguria and persistent anaerobic urinary tract infection owing to Bacteroides fragilis is presented. Review of the literature shows that the incidence of anaerobic pathogens in random urine cultures is high but that the incidence of clinically significant infection is low. Since the urethra harbors anaerobic organisms suprapubic aspiration of urine and culture are indicated to confirm true anaerobic urinary tract infection. Anaerobic infections are associated with urinary tract abnormalities and pyuria. The various therapeutic maneuvers that were used to treat the infection are discussed, including antibiotic instillation into the bladder and nephrectomy. PMID- 7354548 TI - Effects of cholorobrominated and chlorinated cooling waters on estuarine organisms. PMID- 7354549 TI - Selected organic pesticides, occurrence, transformation, and removal from domestic wastewater. PMID- 7354550 TI - Emergency medical services--a new phase of development. PMID- 7354551 TI - Another use for vitamin E? PMID- 7354552 TI - Carcinogenicity testing of drugs. PMID- 7354553 TI - Fatal anaphylactoid reaction after dextran 40 administration. PMID- 7354554 TI - Antiperistaltic agents contraindicated in pseudomembranous colitis. PMID- 7354555 TI - Digoxin-prescribing. PMID- 7354556 TI - Flail chest and multiple myeloma. PMID- 7354557 TI - Massive overdose and death from prophylactic lidocaine. PMID- 7354558 TI - Air-quality standards. PMID- 7354559 TI - From the NIH: Some side effects of phenytoin are studied. PMID- 7354560 TI - From the NIH: Dental treatment of patients with cerebral palsy made easier. PMID- 7354561 TI - Match March. PMID- 7354562 TI - Management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Failure of basic emergency medical technician services. AB - Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated by emergency medical technicians (EMTs) with basic life support was studied in four communities with a combined population of 380,000. During a two-year period, 18 (6%) of 321 patients with cardiac arrest were resuscitated and ultimately discharged from the hospital. This figure is compared with 55 (22%) of 253 discharged in adjacent suburban communities with paramedic services. The evident factor accounting for the difference in survival rates was the time from collapse to receiving definitive care (advanced cardiac life support)--26 minutes in the EMT area compared to 7.8 minutes in the paramedic area. PMID- 7354563 TI - Automated and nomographic analysis of exercise tests. AB - A study was conducted to evaluate the validity and usefulness of a commercially available microprocessor for automated exercise ECG analysis and to develop a nomogram for estimating the severity of coronary artery disease. Results of visual analysis, automated analysis, and coronary arteriography were correlated for the 107 patients studied. Automated analysis was shown to be valid and useful. The ST integrals (area of ST depression) recorded after exercise were superior to those recorded during exercise because they manifested higher specificity and predictive value, even though their sensitivity was slightly lower. Using postexercise integrals, it was possible to differentiate mild and severe disease. From multiple-regression analysis of ST integrals, duration of exercise, and the severity of coronary artery disease, a nomogram was derived to estimate severity of coronary artery disease. PMID- 7354564 TI - Medical care of Cambodian refugees. AB - Tens of thousands of Cambodian refugees are entering Thailand. Many of the new arrivals are survivors of months of starvation and are critically ill with marasmus, kwashiorkor, beriberi, anemia, malaria, diarrhea, and respiratory diseases. With volunteer medical help, field hospitals are treating patients under primitive conditions that are gradually improving. Based on experience at the Sa Kaeo refugee camp, a brief survey of the nutritional and other diseases likely to be encountered is given for the potential volunteer who may be unfamiliar with tropical medicine. PMID- 7354565 TI - The dog heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) in man. An epidemic pending or in progress? AB - Human infection with the dog heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) may lead to focal pulmonary infarction with granuloma formation. The resulting roentgenographic coin lesion may require a diagnostic thoracotomy in consideration of malignancy. Because of sometimes enigmatic histopathological characteristics, this process may not be receiving the recognition it deserves. Furthermore, the dramatic increase of primary (canine) host infections in the United States presages an increase of secondary (human) host infections. Many thoracotomies will be performed for this innocuous process unless the dirofilarial agent can be controlled or the human pulmonary lesion can be reliably identified without operation. PMID- 7354566 TI - Failure to thrive and metabolic alkalosis. Adverse effects of a chloride deficient formula in two infants. AB - This report concerns two infants with failure to thrive and hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. Both infants were fed exclusively with a soybean-based formula, which, as a result of a manufacturing error, was severely deficient in chloride. When an alternative formula containing an adequate amount of chloride was prescribed, the electrolyte abnormality was corrected, and the infants resumed their normal weight gain. PMID- 7354567 TI - Surreptitious habitual vomiting simulating Bartter's syndrome. AB - A patient with hypokalemic alkalosis, normotensive hyperreninism, hyperaldosteronism, increased levels of urinary and plasma prostaglandin E, and vascular hyporesponsivity to angiotensin II was thought to have Bartter's syndrome. Results of a kidney biopsy showed hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus but no renomedullary cell hyperplasia. A 24-hour urine collection showed a low chloride level and no increase in the fractional chloride clearance, thus excluding Bartter's syndrome. Subsequent disclosure of surreptitious, habitual vomiting explained the hypokalemia. PMID- 7354568 TI - Candida parapsilosis endocarditis. Recovery of the causative organism from an addict's own syringes. PMID- 7354569 TI - Simulacra of Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 7354570 TI - Intestinal obstruction in a 55-year-old man with previous thoracic surgery (extrapleural plombage). PMID- 7354572 TI - Continuing medical education: the infinite phase of the continuum. PMID- 7354571 TI - Medical education in the United States. PMID- 7354573 TI - Can we afford maximum quality in medical educational materials? PMID- 7354575 TI - AMA's role in recognizing new health occupations. PMID- 7354574 TI - 'If we're so good, why aren't we better?' Social expectations of medicine in the 1980s. PMID- 7354576 TI - Health of physicians in midlife in relation to use of alcohol: a prospective study of a cohort of former medical students. PMID- 7354577 TI - A unique case of benign postoperative parotid swelling. AB - A case of severe, unilateral parotid swelling noted immediately postoperatively is discussed. Review of medical records at three hospitals over the years 1969 1977 failed to reveal similar cases. This unusual entity falls into the spectrum of previously described "anesthesia mumps," and resembles the parotid swelling occasionally noted after peroral endoscopy. This form of perioperative "mumps" is to be clearly differentiated from classic postoperative parotitis and should be recognized as a benign variant requiring no treatment. PMID- 7354579 TI - Clinical conferences at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Aortic stenosis in the elderly. PMID- 7354578 TI - Partial endocardial cushion defect and persistence of the left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium in a 34-year-old man with features of the Kaufman and Marfan syndromes. PMID- 7354581 TI - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. PMID- 7354580 TI - Patterns of forced expiratory flows in groups at risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - In a modified case-control study of obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), airways obstruction has been found to be associated with age, sex, protease inhibitor type, socioeconomic status (SES) and smoking. In this paper patterns of forced expiratory flows are examined in persons demonstrating various risk factors. Two broad patterns of flow limitation emerge. The first pattern, characterized by lower flows at high lung volumes, is found in first-degree relatives of patients with COPD and subjects with a low SES. This pattern, consistent dysfunction of large airways, may reflect reversible decreases of airway caliber. The second pattern, characterized by lower flows at low lung volumes, is found in older subjects. This pattern, consistent with nonhomogeneously emptying lungs or dysfunction of small airways, may reflect more chronic irreversible changes. Smokers and male subjects exhibit both patterns of flow limitation when compared with subjects who had never smoked and female subjects. It is possible that the combination of the patterns reflects a particularly high risk for the development of COPD in male smokers. PMID- 7354582 TI - [Electrical activity of the atria in myocardial infarct according to large-scale ECG data]. PMID- 7354583 TI - [Erythrocytic blood indices in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7354584 TI - [Anatomic and physiological basis for a functional test with deep inspiration and expiration of rheumatic heart defect patients]. PMID- 7354585 TI - [Specific complications in surgery on the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 7354586 TI - [Pressing problems of the primary prevention of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7354587 TI - [Physician's approach in treating myocardial infarct complicated by a transverse heart block]. AB - On the basis of the results of observation over 253 patients in whom the acute period of myocardial infarction was complicated by atrioventricular block, the author recommends the therapeutic tactics in this group of patients. It is shown that electrical stimulation is the most effective method of treatment in complete atrioventricular block. Analysis of the natural course of atrioventricular block in myocardial infarction shows that the artificial pacemaker should be implanted not earlier than 4 weeks after the development of the block, if the block does not disappear by that time. Data on the condition of circulation obtained by means of the routine physical methods of examination are the most valuable criteria in the choice of the ortimum parameters of electrical stimulation of the heart. PMID- 7354589 TI - [Adrenal cortex hormones in acute myocardial infarct complicated by pulmonary edema]. AB - The results of the study of adrenal cortical function in 94 patients (including 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary edema) and in 20 practically healthy persons are discussed. Marked activation of adrenal cortical hormones was noted in patients with acute myocardial infarction and edema of the lungs. PMID- 7354590 TI - [Change in adrenal glucocorticoid function in myocardial infarct complicated by cardiogenic shock]. AB - The article deals with the results of study of bound and free 11 oxycorticosteroids and the reserve binding capacity of transcortin in 65 patients with myocardial infarction complicated by various types of cardiogenic shock. The most significant increase in the level of 11-oxycorticosteroids and decrease in transcortin reserve binding capacity were found in patients with true cardiogenic shock. PMID- 7354588 TI - [Late arrhythmias in myocardial infarct]. AB - The authors had 75 patients with myocardial infarction under observation. After the 15th day of the disease various disorders of cardiac rhythm and conductivity were revealed in 85% of patients during cardiomonitor surveillance. The most frequent occurrences were ventricular extrasystole (72.5%), sinus bradycardia (40%) and atrial extrasystole (37.5%). Primary ventricular fibrillation was noted in 4 (5.3%) patients two of whom were resuscitated. In 50 patients with myocardial infarction of more than one month duration disorders of cardiac rhythm during physical load were studied (dosed walking under telectrocardiographic control and/or on a treadmill). During dosed waling 28% of patients developed arrhythmia or it was intensified (sinus tachycardia was not taken into account). During a load on a treadmill such changes were encountered in 30% of patients. A favourable effect of treatment with cordarone was produced in most patients with ventricular extrasystole some of whom were resistant to lidocain treatment. A good effect was produced in some patients by means of the pulsnorma or rythmodan. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents as well as cordaron and isoptin were effective in atrial extrasystole and sinus tachycardia. Hyperbaric oxygenation was used in 14 patients with disorders of rhythm. Disappearance of arrhythmia or considerable improvement was registered in 11 patients after treatment consisting of 10-12 procedures. PMID- 7354592 TI - [Immunoglobulin content in the blood serum of myocardial infarct patients]. AB - The content of serum immunoglobulins G, A, and M was studied in 143 patients suffering from myocardial infarction and in 119 donors. It was found that in patients with myocardial infarction the level of serum immunoglobulins depends on the size of the necrotic focus, the developing complications and the concomitant diseases. PMID- 7354591 TI - [Thyroid hormones, cholesterol, erythrocyte aggregation and fibrinogen degradation products in acute myocardial infarct]. AB - One hundred and sixty-two patients with acute myocardial infarction, whose ages ranged from 36 to 65, were studied. The content of thyroid hormones was found to be reduced in the acute period of myocardial infarction. The triiodothyronine level was lower on the 2nd day of the disease, the thyroxine content decreased on the 10th day of the disease but became normal on the 20-25th day. An interrelation between the clinical course of the disease and the dynamics of changes in the cholesterol content, rate of erythrocyte aggregation, the content of fibrinogen degradation products, and the level of thyroid hormones was determined. Normalization of the values was determined. Normalization of the values studied occurred earlier in the group of patients with a more favourable course of the acute period of myocardial infarction than in those with severe myocardial infarction. The data obtained show a close interrelation between thyroid activity and values studied and the clinical course of the disease. PMID- 7354593 TI - [Use of a biographical questionnaire for studying the social and psychological characteristics of myocardial infarct patients]. AB - An original formalized and standardized biographical questionnaire revealed higher activity and emotional tension in persons with myocardial infarction in the subacute period than in patients of a control group. A formalized and standardized biographical questionnaire is a reliable method for investigating the social and psychological peculiarities in applying measures of rehabilitation and primary and secondary prophylaxis in patients suffering from ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7354594 TI - [Liver-specific enzymatic activity and radiohepatographic indices in evaluating the functional state of the liver in myocardial infarct]. AB - Data on changes in the blood activity of sorbit dehydrogenase (SDH) and fructose 1-phosphate aldolase (P-1-PA) in blood serum and the findings of radiohepatography in 224 patients with macrofocal and 120 patients with microfocal myocardial infarction are discussed. The studies were conducted in dynamics. Observations showed that SDH and P-1-PA activity grew in the acute period of mycrofocal myocardial infarction. The increase in enzyme activity was most marked in patients with cardiogenic shock. In patients with microfocal myocardial infarctions the increase in the activity of the enzymes studied was mainly encountered when there were signs of congestion in the liver. Radiohepatography revealed disorders of hepatic function in all patients with macrofocal myocardial infarction and in those patients with microfocal infarction who had congestion in the lijer. Changes in the radiogepatogram indices were most marked in patients with myocardial infarction attended by shock and congestion in the liver. The results of the study are evidence that simultaneous tests for SDH and P-1-PA activity in blood serum and radiohepatography give the fullest and most reliable information on the functional condition of the liver in patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 7354595 TI - [Intensive therapy in cardiology]. PMID- 7354596 TI - [Oxygen transport function of the blood in ischemic heart disease]. AB - Blood oxygen transport function was studied in 40 patients with ischemic heart disease and afflicted or intact cardiac coronary arteries (as demonstrated by angiography) and in 23 individuals of the control group. Analysis of indices characterizing oxygen transport in patients with ischemic heart disease revealed diminished affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen with a shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right and downward. The shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is due a decrease in blood pH and increase of the role of auxiliary factors, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in patricular. The shifts in the curve were more marked in patients with poor physical load tolerance and affliction of the three main coronary arteries, which is an act of compensation aimed at improving oxygenation of the heart muscle. PMID- 7354597 TI - [Noninvasive method of determining the cerebral blood flow circulation rate and its correlations with cardiac minute volume]. AB - A method is suggested for noninvasive determination of the cerebral circulation rate and its correlations with the cardiac output. It is based on the metrological possibilities of tetrapolar rheoencephalography in correlation with chest (transthoracic) rheography. The percentage of cerebral circulation rate in relation to the cardiac output measured by this method (Ic/o) characterizes the direction and value of compensatory blood redistribution in various hemodynamic situations, while the absolute values of cerebral circulation rate (Cm, in millilitres per minute) and their relation to the proper values (Cm. in % of proper values) make it possible to appraise the afficacy of the compensatory shifts in each individual case. The method may gain wide use in the clinic for indirect appraisal of the condition of the cerebral circulation. PMID- 7354598 TI - [Activity of total serum creatine phosphokinase and its MB fraction in reversible coronary blood flow disorders in dogs in a chronic experiment]. AB - On a model of reversible coronary blood flow disturbances in dogs short-term myocardial ischemia (2 to 15 min) in 16 chronic experiments caused an increase in the activity of total blood CPK by 57.3 +/- +/- 11.7 mE/ml (p less than 0.001) and of MB fraction by 6.9 +/- 1.23 mE/ml (p less than 0.001). Experiments in which the disturbances in coronary blood flow were repeated at intervals of 2-3 days showed that the changes in the activity of the enzymes occurred in definite stages. The results obtained on this model present new possibilities for elaborating diagnostic criteria of microfocal myocardial lesions. PMID- 7354600 TI - [Data on the disorder in calcium accumulation and binding by fatty tissue cellular membranes in rats with spontaneous hypertension]. AB - The Ca-binding and Ca-accumulating capacity of the adipocyte membranes was studied in rats with spontaneous genetic hypertension (SHR) by the method of isotope exchange. It is shown that ATP-dependent calcium absorption is increased in the mitochondria and reduced in the endoplasmic reticulum of adipocytes of SHR rats as compared to that in normotensive animals. The ATP-independent hinding of calcium by the plasmic membranes of SHR rat adipocytes is reduced. The disclosed disorders of the membrane function may cause an increase in the content of free intracellular calcium in the adipocytes and explain the increased sensitivity of fat tissue to the effect of lipolytic hormones which was revealed earlier. PMID- 7354599 TI - [Ultrastructural and histochemical criteria of myocardial hypoxia and a morphological assessment of the various methods for its protection (based on biopsy data of the human heart)]. AB - Short-term ischemia (up to 10 minutes) induced by clamping of the aorta in correction of a ventricular septal defect causes no essential ultrastructural, metabolic or functional changes in the myocardium. In much longer period of ischemia (of up to 40 minutes) during operation for congenital heart diseases, the use of deep hypothermia is effective. Cold cardioplegia is a sufficiently reliable method for myocardial protection when the aorta is clamped for up to 60 minutes in operations for acquired heart diseases. Changes in the structure and metabolism of the myocardium are reparable, their degree depends on the initial condition of the heart muscle and proper fulfilment of the methodical conditions of this type of protection. Pharmacological cardioplegia combined with external cooling of the heart makes it safe to disconnect the heart from circulation for a loger period (up to 120 minutes). PMID- 7354601 TI - [Formation of ectopic stimulation in the heart under the action of aconitine. I. The dynamics of input and output membrane currents]. AB - Rapid sodium and slow input and output currents were studied by the double saccharose bridge method on isolated atrial trabeculae of Rana ridibunda under the effect of aconitin (100 mg/l). It is shown that the ptroperties of rapid sodium channels change under the effect of aconitin. As the result of this, activation of the input sodium current begins at potentials which are close to the rest potential, the maximum value of sodium conduction reduces, while the reverse potential for sodium current is shifted in the direction of lower potentials. Despite the effect of aconitin, the sodium current is blocked by tetrodotoxin (10-6M). Aconitin causes reversible reduction of the input calcium current but has no effect on the output current. PMID- 7354602 TI - [Electrocardiographic characteristics of a secondary tumorous lesion of the heart]. AB - The main electrocardiographic signs of metastasis and spread of malignant tumors to the heart in 123 patients were studied. The most reliable electrocardiographic criterion of tumor metastasis to the heart are signs of a macrofocal lesion with no dynamics of changes characteristic of ischemic heart disease. Spread of a tumor to the heart and micronodal metastasis are characterized by the appearance of signs of microfocal myocardial lesion on the ECG. Specific carcinomatous pericarditis has all the ECG signs that are typical of pericarditis of any other etiology. Electrical alternation in an oncological patient is a convincing sign of metastatic lesion of the heart. PMID- 7354603 TI - [Apex cardiography in the assessment of the signs of early disorder of myocardial contractile capacity]. AB - Asynergia of systolic wave of the apexcardiogram was studied in 54 patients with various forms of ischemic heart disease. The paradoxical protrusions were divided into 4 types. A directly proportionate dependence was disclosed between the magnitude of asynergy and the degree of the pathological condition. The paradoxical protrusion diminished during treatment and rehabilitation in most patients, in some it disappeared, which may point to the functional character of disorders of myocardial contractility. PMID- 7354604 TI - [Method of evaluating the psychological conflict in patients who have had a myocardial infarct]. AB - A test for quantitative appraisal of psychological confliction is described. A variant of the "Polar personality profiles" method (SDF) is used as the basis of the test. The corresponding scheme for presenting the SDF and interpreting the data obtained is elaborated. Data obtained during clinical interrogations were used for validation of the test. One hundred and forty-five males were examined 1.5 to 2 months after recovery from myocardial infarction. A close correlatin was noted between the clinical data and the results of SDF. The results of the study show that the suggested method makes it possible to obtain reliable quantitative data concerning the psychological confliction of patients who had myocardial infarction. PMID- 7354605 TI - [Acid-base state and the electrolyte balance of young infants in the immediate postoperative period after radical correction of an interventricular septal defect under artificial circulation]. AB - Acid-base equilibrium and electrolyte balance were studied in 80 infants in the immediate postoperative period after surgery for ventricular septal defect under conditions of extracorporeal circulation. Decompensated metabolic alkalosis was the most characteristic disorder of acid-base equillibrium in patients with an uncomplicated postoperative period, whereas decompensated respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis were characteristic of patients with compensated and decompensated forms of cardiac insufficiency. Plasma hypokaliemia and hypochloremia attended by intracellular retention of sodium were typical disorders of the electrolyte balance in all forms of changes in the acid-base equilibrium. PMID- 7354607 TI - [The thin child, from the viewpoint of the pediatrician in 1980]. PMID- 7354606 TI - [Myocardial diseases: their etiology, nomenclature and classification (apropos of the classification of noncoronarogenic myocardial lesions published in Kardiologiia No. 5, 1978)]. AB - The main forms of "noncoronarogenous" diseases of the heart muscle and the problems of their nomenclature are discussed, an attempt is made in particular to determine the borderline between the concepts of "myocardial dystrophy" and "cardiomyopathy". The article also deals with the role of infections in the origin of inflammatory processes in the heart muscle (myocarditis) and its dystrophy. A conclusion is drawn on the expediency, from the standpoint of nomenclature, to designate the pathological condition of the myocardium in the course of an infectious disease only by the term "myocarditis". The relation between "primary cardiomyopathies" and Fiedler's idiopathic myocarditis is discussed. The possible role of virus infection in the origin of the indicated forms of myocardial diseases is considered. The classification of noncoronarogenous myocardial lesions published in Kardiologia (1978, No. 5) is discussed. The author of the present article thinks that it may be appraised quite favourably on the whole, and also makes some remarks. PMID- 7354609 TI - [Daily events--a feuilleton on the 50th anniversary of "Kinderarztliche Praxis"]. PMID- 7354608 TI - [Changes in the course of infectious diseases in childhood]. PMID- 7354610 TI - [Significance of early diagnosis of herpetic eczema for successful photodynamic therapy]. PMID- 7354611 TI - [The "thin" child]. PMID- 7354612 TI - Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. PMID- 7354613 TI - Studies of biologic properties of proteoglycans from bovine aorta. AB - Chondroitin sulfate-dermatan sulfate proteoglycans (PG) were isolated from bovine aorta-intima by extraction with 4.0 M guanidinium chloride in the presence of protease inhibitors and purified through cetylpyridinium complexes. The PG were fractionated by CsCl isopyknic centrifugation into three fractions with different chemical composition. The anticoagulant activity of the PG fractions was studied by Stypven time, partial thromboplastin clotting time (PTT), and thrombin time assays. The three PG fractions delayed coagulation in the three assays. The PG fractions did not affect the ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation but inhibited the aggregation induced by 0.2 units per ml. of thrombin. The PG fractions released lipoprotein lipase in rabbits when injected, and the enzyme activity released by the major PG fraction was approximately 60 per cent of that of heparin. This PG fraction interacted with serum low density lipoproteins but not with high density lipoproteins. Certain biologic properties are probably due to the presence of dermatan sulfate in the PG fractions. These studies suggest important functional roles for PG in the arterial wall. PMID- 7354614 TI - The athogenesis of endocardial fibroelastosis in Burmese cats. PMID- 7354615 TI - The effects of variable O2 tension and of exogenous superoxide dismutase on type II pneumocytes exposed to paraquat. PMID- 7354616 TI - Phagocytosis and degradation of rat liver mitochondria by cultivated human glial cells. PMID- 7354617 TI - Induction of focal hemopoiesis in adult rat liver by glucan, a macrophage activator. A cytochemical and ultrastructural study. AB - Multiple injections of glucan, a beta-1,3-polyglucose with a potent stimulating effect on the mono-nuclear phagocytes, induced hemopoiesis in adult rat liver. Hemopoietic islands were present in the connective tissue of the portal triads and in the perisinusoidal spaces. The use of peroxidase cytochemistry facilitated the detection of such islands at the light microscopic level and the identification of their cellular components at the ultrastructural level. The hemopoietic colonies consisted of erythroid and myeloid series. The erythropoietic cells comprised erythroblasts, normoblasts, and reticulocytes, all of which contained peroxidase reaction product diffusely in their cytoplasm. The granulopoietic series consisted of promyelocytes (peroxidase activity in nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and granules) and myelocytes (peroxidase only in granules). The hemopoietic islands were always associated with macrophages which exhibited peroxidase activity in NE and endoplasmic reticulum but not in the Golgi apparatus. This association between hemopoietic cells and "glucan-activated" macrophages shows the central role of macrophages in differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells and suggests that the macrophage activating potency of glucan and its effect on hepatic hemopoiesis are interrelated. PMID- 7354618 TI - Changes in rat hepatocyte plasma membranes caused by synthetic estrogens. AB - Livers of rats treated with ethynyl estradiol show hepatocyte swelling, nuclear enlargement, and an increase in size and numbers of nucleoli. Mitotic figures are frequent and there is occasional hepatocyte necrosis. Thin sections (1-micron. thick) show separation of cells with gaps between. Ultrastructurally, these gaps are occupied by cell membrane microville. These microvilli are not a normal feature on cell borders between adjacent hepatocytes. Similar anomalous microvilli are a feature of hepatocytes in regenerating nodules of cirrhosis, regenerating hepatocytes following partial hepatectomy, and in embryonic liver tissue. The significance of this finding and the known relationship of contraceptive agents and liver tumors is discussed. PMID- 7354619 TI - Effects of ethynyl estradiol on liver microsomal mixed function oxygenase activity in male rats. PMID- 7354620 TI - Ribosome-lamella complex in hairy cell leukemia. Ultrastructure and distribution. AB - Of 19 patients with hairy cell leukemia, an unusual lymphoproliferative disease, nine were found by transmission electrom microscopy to have a cytoplasmic inclusion known as the ribosome-lamellae complex (RLC). The RLC appears to be a cylinder 2.2 to 4.1 micron. in length. The internal diameter appears to be relatively constant at 0.42 micron. The outer diameter, which depends on the number of lamellae as well as on the contents of the intralamellar space, ranges from 0.52 micron to 1.27 micron. The RLC can be comprised of a single lamellae spiraled around the central core, but also RLCs with both two and three lamellae can be defined. The lamellae are composed of double tubule structures 125 A in width set in parallel arrays 125 A apart. A second array of parrallel tubules intersect at a 60 degree-angle creating a lattice. THe distance between the spiraled lamellae is dependent upon the presence or absence of ribosome-like particles. When these particles are present, the distance is usually 406 A, but when they are absent the distance is 172 A. Although experiments with certain fixatives suggest the lamellae may be primarily composed of protein rather than lipid, the exact nature of the RLC and its importance to the leukemic process remain to be determined. PMID- 7354621 TI - Hepatotoxicity of dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide at and above the levels used in some aflatoxin studies. AB - Albino rats were each treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethysulfoxide (DMSO). The doses of DMF administered were 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 ml. per kg. and those of DMSO were 1.2, 2.4, 3.6, and 4.8 ml. per kg. The animals were sacrificed at 24, 48, 72, and 120 hours following administration of each dose. The liver was investigated in all cases. Treatment with DMF at 0.6 ml. per kg. indicated some histologic lesions of the liver which became well defined at 0.9 and 1.2 ml. per kg. causing severe central phlebitis with centrilobular coagulative necrosis of the cells associated with a heavy inflammatory infiltrate. Maximal liver lesions occurred at 48 hours and started to regress after 72 hours. However, cellular atypism became a consistent finding after this inflammatory phase. DMSO-treated animals showed minimal histologic lesions of the liver at 1.2 and 2.4 ml. per kg. Higher doses caused fatty infiltration with a predominatly periportal distribution. It tended to produce its maximal effect in 12 hours which then regressed rapidly after 24 hours. The development of histologic lesions in the liver even at 0.6 ml. per kg. suggests that DMF is not a suitable solvent for aflatoxin studies, and hence the results obtained from such studies need cautious interpretation. DMSO appears to be an ideal alternative for toxicologic studies at a much higher dose level compared to DMF. PMID- 7354623 TI - The stuttering problem profile: a task that assists both client and clinician in defining therapy goals. AB - This report describes a paper and pencil task, the Stuttering Problem Profile, which provides qualitative data that can be useful when identifying goals for stuttering therapy. Specific ways in which the task has been used are indicated. A copy of the Stuttering Problem Profile is included. PMID- 7354622 TI - Recurrent laryngeal nerve dissection: a case report involving return of spastic dysphonia after initial surgery. AB - This case study describes successful management of spastic dysphonia using a procedure whereby the right recurrent laryngeal nerve was severed. Thirteen months following the surgical treatment, the subject reported a return of the preoperative vocal characteristics of spastic dysphonia. Tests and inspection revealed that the right recurrent nerve was again intact and the right vocal fold was functional. A second surgical procedure was performed, modified to prevent neural reconnection, with a return of the improved voice observed following the initial surgery. The results are discussed in terms of etiological considerations of spastic dysphonia. PMID- 7354624 TI - Hearing levels among elderly nursing home residents. AB - Specific frequency and degree of hearing loss data were determined for 202 elderly nursing home residents (159 females, 43 males) drawn from five nursing homes in three cities. Mean hearing levels and distribution of degree of hearing loss are presented for subjects by decade groups. Data also are presented by sex and by ear. Pure tone averages (500, 1000, 2000 Hz) for the better ear showed a substantial deterioration in each decade interval beginning from ages in the 60s and extending into the 90s. The prevalence of loss of hearing sensitivity for all subjects was 82% when a 26 dB pure tone average was used as a cutoff; 48% had pure tone averages greater than 40 dB. Consideration of collapsed ear canals on a sub-group of this sample suggested that conventional threshold findings slightly overestimated the prevalence of loss in this population. PMID- 7354625 TI - A response to Prutting. PMID- 7354626 TI - Electroacoustic performance characteristics of FM auditory trainers. AB - This study investigated the electroacoustic performance characteristics of FM auditory trainers. Experiment one was designed to answer two interrelated questions. First, what are the differences in the electroacoustic performance of FM auditory trainers between the FM and EM modes? Second, is the method for evaluating electroacoustic performance of hearing aids also appropriate for assessing the response characteristics of FM auditory trainers? The purpose of the second experiment was to assess the effect that taper of the volume control dial had on performance of these trainers. The study found that, with certain cautions, the ANSI S3.22-1976 procedures for assessing a hearing aid could be applied to the measurement of FM trainers. There were performance differences, however, between the auditory trainers when set to the FM and EM transmission modes. Thus, the electroacoustic assessment of FM units in both the EM and FM modes of operation is needed to assess their performance fully. PMID- 7354628 TI - Loudness discomfort levels: a clinical procedure for hearing aid evaluations. AB - Before any amplification system is evaluated, prescribed, or recommended, the audiologist must determine that the limits of its output across frequency are not greater than the levels at which clients experience discomfort, that is, their Loudness Discomfort Levels (LDL). After reviewing terminology, reasons for obtaining LDLs, and several sources of variability in LDL measurements, a new clinical LDL measurement procedure for hearing aid evaluations is suggested. The main aspects of this procedure are the instructions (from Morgan, Wilson and Dirks, 1974), the stimuli (sweep-frequency pulsed pure tones), the psychophysical method (tracking procedure), the calibration of the stimuli (by a hearing aid receiver attached to a 2 cm3 coupler), and the presentation of the stimuli (through the hearing aid receiver coupled to the client's earmold). This technique is suggested as clinically feasible and as a defensible procedure for obtaining LDLs for the purpose of more closely specifying an appropriate SSPL90 curve. PMID- 7354627 TI - An analysis of connected speech samples of aphasic and normal speakers. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop a technique for quantifying connected speech samples of aphasic individuals as they recover from the moderate to the mild range of severity. Verbal picture descriptions elicited from mild and moderate aphasic speakers were audio-recorded and compared to those elicited from normal adult and geriatric speakers. These samples were compared on the basis of a measure of amount of information conveyed (content units) and two measures of efficiency including speaking rate (syllables per minute) and rate at which information was conveyed (content units per minute). Results indicated an inverse relationship between severity of aphasia and amount of information conveyed. However, mild and high-moderate aphasic speakers tended to communicate as much information as normal speakers. Both measures of efficiency differentiated groups of mild and high-moderate aphasics from normal speakers as well as differentiating low-moderate from mild aphasic speakers. Use of this quantification system which takes into account both amount of information and efficency of communication is illustrated with data obtained from a recovering aphasic speaker. PMID- 7354629 TI - Characteristics of frontal lispers clustered according to severity. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship among frontal lisping, protrusive lingual force, and lingual diadochokinetic rates when subjects are grouped according to severity of lisping. Results revealed that when compared to normal speaking counterparts: (1) lispers in each severity subgroup exhibited significantly weaker protrusive lingual forces and that the significance of such differences increased with the severity of lisping; and (2) all but the moderately severe lispers displayed significantly slower lingual diadochokinetic rates. These findings suggest that clustering lispers into homogeneous severity subgroups before examining the relationships between their misarticulations and the lingual factors studied may offer important information regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of their articulatory problems. PMID- 7354630 TI - A computer-based therapy for the treatment of aphasic subjects with writing disorders. AB - A computer-controlled rehabilitation for aphasics with writing impairments is presented. Subjects were asked to type words under dictation. Each time a letter was typed in its correct position, it was displayed on a screen. If the contrary, the error was not displayed, thus avoiding visual reinforcement of false choices. This method of rehabilitation has proved efficient as concerns typewriting. More importantly, some learning transfer to handwriting was observed at the completion of experimental training. The results showed a significant reduction in the number of misspelled words as well as in the erroneous choice and serial ordering of letters. The stability of the observed improvement is discussed in relationship to variables such as the time elapsed since brain damage and the type of writing difficulty. PMID- 7354632 TI - Evaluation of a language program for young autistic children. AB - This report presents retrospective data comparing an individualized language development program for preschool autistic children receiving language remediation (experimental subjects) with a group receiving the basic school curriculum only (control subjects). All findings favored the language remediation group, as indicated: (1) experimental subjects made significant gains in one year while the control group required two years; (2) after one year, experimental subjects surpassed controls on four measures; (3) only experimental subjects made significant gains in communicative speech, noteworthy because interpersonal interaction is so difficult for the autistic child; and (4) after two years, 58% of the experimental subjects, but only 14% of the controls, had mastered all seven skills. These results support the hypothesis that an individualized language remediation program facilitates the acquisition of prelinguistic and linguistic skills. PMID- 7354631 TI - Speech performance, dysphagia and oral reflexes in cerebral palsy. AB - The adequacy of biting, sucking, swallowing, and chewing as well as the presence or absence of nine infantile oral reflexes were assessed in 60 cerebral-palsied individuals. The effect of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex and the Moro reflex on the infantile oral reflexes was also studied. There was a trend for subjects with more adequate feeding skills to achieve higher levels of overall speech proficiency and articulatory competency, but this trend was not completely systematic. Fifteen subjects displayed abnormal oral reflexes, but these reflexes could not be elicited consistently. The effect of the ATNR and Moro reflex on the oral reflexes seemed limited. Results generally supported the value of the widespread prescription of improving feeding in cerebral palsy, but the need to modify abnormal oral reflexes received less support. The question of using prespeech oromotor training to reduce possible future dysarthria is discussed in terms of the findings. PMID- 7354633 TI - Conservative operation for mitral insufficiency: critical analysis supported by postoperative hemodynamic studies of 72 patients. AB - From May, 1974, through December, 1978, 255 mitral annuloplasties have been performed at our institution. Forty-three Carpentier rings and 212 flexible rings were used. Simultaneously, 307 patients with predominant insufficiency were treated with a Hancock bioprosthesis. A critical analysis of the flexible ring group versus the Hancock group is presented: The average ages were 41.3 versus 43.3 years. Preoperatively, 55% versus 60% were in Functional Class III and 9.6 versus 25.4% were in Class IV. The valve lesion was caused by rheumatic disease in 91.2% versus 93.9%. A multiple valve operation was required by 51% versus 60%. There was a significant difference in the operative mortality rates (1.8% versus 11.4%). This difference was maintained for each preoperative functional class and for the isolated and multiple valve groups. There was no significant difference in the late mortality rates (1.4% versus 3.7%). The total actuarial survival rates were of 96.4% and 81% (maximum follow-up times 4.0 and 4.5 years). The incidence of embolism was 2.4% and 4.1% per patient-year, with both groups being subjected to the same anticoagulation policy. The incidence of dysfunctions was equal (3.9% per patient-year). Postoperative hemodynamic evaluation of 72 patients having annuloplasty and 129 patients having Hancock valve replacement showed basal mean transmitral gradients of 10.98 +/- 3.6 and 9.66 +/- 2.73 mm Hg. The average effective orifice areas were 1.93 +/- 0.74 and 2.25 +/- 0.46 cm2. While the bioprosthesis behaves hemodynamically like a flow-related variable orifice, the reconstructed valve orifice is dependent upon its preoperative anatomy. In conclusion, the comparison of flexible ring annuloplasty and Hancock valve replacement for mitral valve disease shows a lower operative mortality for the former and comparable medium-term postoperative course. Since both techniques have a limited durability, longer follow-up periods will soon resolve this controversial issue. PMID- 7354634 TI - Reconstructive surgery of mitral valve incompetence: ten-year appraisal. AB - Between January, 1969, and January, 1978, 551 patients with mitral incompetence were treated by a system of reconstructive techniques. Mitral valve incompetence was classified into three types according to leaflet pliability; type I normal leaflet motion, 150 cases; type II, leaflet prolapse, 213 cases; and type III, restricted leaflet motion, 188 cases. Associated tricuspid valvular disease was present in 174 cases (31.5%) and was treated by prosthetic ring annuloplasty. The operative mortality rate was 4.2% (16/377) in the mitral group and 14% (25/174) in the mitral-tricuspid group. Follow-up data are available in 341 patients from 1 year to 10 years (average 4 1/2 years). The late mortality rate was 7% (24/341). Actuarial curves including hospital mortality rate show an 82% survival rate at 9 years in the mitral group and a 79% rate in the mitral-tricuspid group. Thirty-seven patients (11%) underwent reoperation mainly for residual (17) or recurrent (16) mitral incompetence. Thromboembolism occurred in 12 patients for an embolic rate of 0.6% per patient-year, even though 48% were not given anticoagulants. Acorrding to the New York Heart Association (N.Y.H.A.) classification, 76% (207/270) of the patients were in Class I, 19% (51/270) were in Class II, 4% (10/270) were in Class III, and 0.7% were in Class IV (2/270). Results of postoperative catheterization and angiocardiography are available in 52 patients. Comparison between the various groups shows that the best results were obtained in type II mitral incompetence, followed by type I and type III mitral incompetence. This experience demonstrates that predictable and stable long-term results have been achieved by techniques of valvular reconstruction with a low incidence of thromboembolism. Reproducibility of the techniques is a limiting factor which can be overcome by adequate training and progressive experience. Patient selection is based on the valvular disease rather than age, physical condition, or cause of valvular disease. PMID- 7354635 TI - Anterior and cervical mediastinoscopy for determining operability and predicting resectability in lung cancer. AB - Forty-seven (39%) of 120 patients with presumably operable lung cancer were found to have metastatic tumor in mediastinal lymph nodes by mediastinoscopy. Unnecessary thoracotomy was avoided in these 47 patients. Results of anterior mediastinal node biopsy were positive in 16 (38%) of 42 patients with primary tumors of the left lung who were evaluated by anterior mediastinoscopy without resection or division of costal cartilage. Thirty-one (40%) of 78 patients with primary tumors of the right lung had positive results of mediastinal node biopsy as demonstrated by cervical mediastinoscopy. Sixty-seven percent of patients with centrally located tumors, 43% with adenocarcinoma, and 57% with undifferentiated carcinoma had mediastinal lymph node metastasis. Negative results of anterior mediastinoscopy in patients with primary tumors of the left lung predicted resectability in 25 (96%) of 26 instances. Forty-three (91%) of 47 patients with primary tumors of the right lung and negative results of cervical mediastinoscopy had resectable tumors. Anterior mediastinoscopy appears to be as accurate in the evaluation of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in left lung cancer as cervical mediastinoscopy is in the evaluation of right lung cancer. PMID- 7354636 TI - Computer simulation: a diagnostic method in comparative studies of valve prostheses. AB - Computer simulation was used to compare flow characteristics through Starr Edwards and Bjork-Shiley valves in the mitral and aortic positions. Pressure and velocity determinations were mathematically computed with the use of a model based on the recognition that blood is a non-Newtonian fluid. The results were displayed in two-dimensional graphic form. In both the mitral and aortic positions the Bjork-Shiley prosthesis showed a more favorable laminar flow pattern, producing fewer eddies and smaller pressure and velocity gradients through the occluder. Computer simulation is a valuable adjunct in the comparative testing of the hemodynamic properties of artificial heart valves and offers several advantages over physical simulators. PMID- 7354637 TI - Plasma ionized calcium concentration: important determinant of the hemodynamic response to calcium infusion. PMID- 7354638 TI - A twenty-year experience with surgical management of carcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia. AB - Twenty years of experience with operative treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia are reviewed. Of the 513 patients with biopsy-proved malignancy reviewed, 211 (41%) underwent gastroesophagectomy. The hospital mortality rate for the patients operated upon was 12%. The 3 year survival rate was 26% and the 5 year survival rate was 15% for the entire surgical series. Squamous cell carcinomas of the lower third were the most favorable subgroup (25% 5 year survival) and lower third adenocarcinomas the least favorable (8% 5 year survival). Our procedure of choice is a one-stage resection with stomach used to restore continuity. Operative details and perioperative management are reviewed. The single-layer wire technique of anastomosis seems to give acceptably low rates of anastomotic leak (4.2%) and stricture (2.3%). Preoperative radiation was not used in this series. PMID- 7354639 TI - Complications associated with covering the bronchial stump with pleura. AB - Coverage of the bronchial stump with parietal pleura generally should be performed after pulmonary resection. We describe four patients who underwent coverage of the bronchial stump of the right upper lobe with a laterally based parietal pleural flap. The flap eventually caused distortion and collapse of the right intermediate bronchus, necessitating reoperation in three patients. This complication can be avoided. PMID- 7354640 TI - Role of computed tomography in evaluation of intrathoracic lesions. PMID- 7354641 TI - Diagnostic lung biopsy in the immunocompromised patient. PMID- 7354643 TI - Mechanisms of opening of aortic valve. PMID- 7354642 TI - Malignant thymoma in childhood. PMID- 7354644 TI - Renal failure associated with fenoprofen. AB - The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used in treating various arthritides have been implicated in decreased renal function. We describe two patients who had acute renal failure that was apparently secondary to fenoprofen and was associated with a tubulointerstitial nephritis and nephrotic syndrome. The complication resolved when the use of the drug was discontinued. PMID- 7354646 TI - Enuresis--is it being overtreated? PMID- 7354645 TI - Blood test abnormalities in runners. AB - Physicians are conditioned to interpret blood test results outside "normal" limits as being signs of disease. In endurance-trained athletes, such "abnormal" tests results may instead be indications of physical activity. Data from six runners are presented illustrating that anemia, liver disease, myocardial ischemia, or renal disease might erroneously be diagnosed unless the physician is aware of the exercise habits of the patient. PMID- 7354647 TI - Nephrotoxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 7354649 TI - Wide-angle two-dimensional echocardiographic profiles of conotruncal abnormalities. PMID- 7354648 TI - Dialysis in the treatment of multiple myeloma. AB - Twenty patients with multiple myeloma and renal failure were treated by dialysis and chemotherapy consisting of prednisone and melphalan. Of nine patients treated by short-term dialysis, only two recovered renal function despite correction of fluid and electrolyte disorders, hypercalcemia, and hyperuricemia. The remaining seven patients died within 2 months in a uremic state, and one of the patients who recovered renal function died 14 months later of bronchopneumonia. In contrast, long-term hemodialysis and chemotherapy in 11 patients resulted in sufficient improvement in 8 patients to permit a degree of rehabilitation comparable to that achieved in patients with primary renal disease who have progression of the multiple myeloma. Of the 20 patients, 6 survive 7 to 48 months after beginning treatment. PMID- 7354651 TI - Saralasin infusion in renovascular hypertension: increased response rate in seated patients. AB - Most series report a significant percentage of nondepressor (negative) responses to saralasin infusions in patients with surgically curable renovascular hypertension. Usually the infusions have been performed with the supine position. In the present study saralasin infusions were done in 33 acutely sodium-depleted hypertensive patients--17 with renovascular and 16 with the essential variety. Most patients were infused in the seated and supine positions to test the hypothesis that there might be a higher incidence of positive (vasodepressor) responses to the saralasin infusion when patients are in a sitting position. The results did, in fact, show a larger number of positive responses to saralasin in the seated patients with renovascular hypertension than in those in the supine position (88% versus 71%). There was a modest increase in the rate of false positive responses in the patients with essential hypertension who were infused in the seated position (31% versus 23%). However, inasmuch as the saralasin infusion test is proposed as a screening procedure for renovascular hypertension, some false-positive responses are acceptable. PMID- 7354652 TI - Legionnaires' disease: a review of the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of a newly recognized infection. AB - During the 2-year period 1977 through 1979, 26 patients with Legionnaires' disease were seen at the Mayo Clinic and affiliated hospitals. The patients ranged in age from 17 to 81 years with a median of 51 years. Twelve (46%) were immunologically compromised. Most of the other patients had underlying chronic tobacco bronchitis. Hectic fever, cough, and diarrhea were common symptoms. Chest radiographs showed patchy perihilar infiltrates that often progressed to consolidation. Diagnosis was made by indirect fluorescent antibody testing in 15 patients (58%), but in no case was the test diagnostic during the first week of illness. In seven patients the diagnosis was established by positive direct flourescent antibody testing of lung tissue, in two cases by culture of lung tissue, and in one case each by direct fluorescent antibody positivity of sputum or bronchial washing. Of the 26 patients, 3 (12%) required hemodialysis for acute renal failure and 5 (19%) died. A favorable clinical response to therapy with erythromycin was noted. The differential diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease must include other bacterial pneumonias, as well as mycoplasma, psittacosis, Q fever, and viral pneumonia. For critically ill patients, open-lung biopsy may be necessary to provide a rapid diagnosis. Current evidence suggests that erythromycin alone or in combination with rifampin is the treatment of choice. A 3-week course of therapy is recommended in order to prevent relapse. PMID- 7354650 TI - Breast cancer in DES-exposed mothers: absence of association. AB - Reports in the popular press have suggested that exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) is followed by an abnormally high incidence of breast cancer. The reports were based on a reanalysis of data not considered ominous originally; and both data and analyses are summarized here. In addition, new data are presented on mothers of young women enrolled in the National DESAD Project at its Mayo Clinic Center. Among 408 women given DES, there were 8 confirmed instances of breast cancer, in comparison with an expected number of 8.1, based on breast cancer incidence rates among parous women in the local population. A previous case control study of the possible association of antihypertensive therapy and breast cancer in the local population revealed DES exposure in 10% of the breast cancer group and 12% of the controls. These apparently negative results clearly indicate a need of further studies of the alleged effect of DES. PMID- 7354653 TI - Etiology and outcome in 42 children with acute nonbacterial meningoencephalitis. AB - In a prospective study of 42 cases of childhood meningoencephalitis occurring in 1974 and 1975, a diagnosis of an infectious agent was made in 30 (71%). California virus infections were most common; they were serious illnesses but had few sequelae. Benign illnesses with enteroviruses were also common. Miscellaneous and unknown agents accounted for the most seriously ill patients and for both deaths. Persistent neurologic deficits were unusual. Headaches, malaise, and changes in behavior were common but transient. PMID- 7354654 TI - Removal of plasma lipoproteins from circulating blood with a heparin-agarose column. AB - A method is described for the removal of cholesterol fractions by means of intermittent extracorporeal plasma circulation through a column containing heparin-treated agarose in the presence of calcium. The system allows plasma perfusion in one column while simultaneously recharging another. In vitro testing demonstrated its efficiency, and in vivo testing of a normal dog proved its feasibility. In vitro testing revealed a mean removal of 22% of low-density and very low-density lipoproteins combined. Animal testing did not produce any abnormalities in clinically significant parameters. PMID- 7354655 TI - Visualization of coronary artery fistula by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - We report the case of a patient in whom an aneurysmal coronary artery fistula was visualized with two-dimensional echocardiography. Subsequent contrast echocardiography, coronary arteriography, and surgery confirmed the location and nature of the lesion. Contrast echocardiography was superior to angiography in delineating the cardiac chamber into which the fistula emptied. PMID- 7354656 TI - Observations on Legionnaires' pneumonia. PMID- 7354659 TI - Knee arthroplasty. PMID- 7354658 TI - Obesity. PMID- 7354657 TI - Serologic markers of hepatitis. PMID- 7354660 TI - Cytotoxic effects of erythromycin estolate and chlorpromazine on hepatocytes isolated from rats of varying ages: a brief note. AB - Hepatocytes isolated from young (1 month) rats were as sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of erythromycin estolate and chlorpromazine as were liver cells obtained from older (3, 10 and 24 months) rats. The hepatocytes from the 24-month-old rats released aspartate transaminase more slowly than did parenchymal cells isolated from the younger rats. PMID- 7354661 TI - Phase-space description of the cell cycle: application to noncycling, senescent, and transformed cells. AB - The behavior of a cellular biochemical reaction system can be portrayed by its trajectory in phase space. Phase-plane trajectories are proposed which depict the concentration of a characteristic chemical species in normally reproducing diploid cells, and in their noncycling, transformed, and senescent counterparts. It is assumed that the biochemical reaction system which determines the concentration of the characteristic species is nonlinear and nonconservative; the trajectories are therefore analyzed with the help of established qualitative mathematical techniques which are applicable to such systems. Mitotic cycles are presented as stable limit cycles; noncycling and senescent states are represented as isolated stable singular points. The concentration trajectory traversed in the transformed cell cycle surrounds the trajectory traversed in the normal cell cycle, which itself surrounds the singular point corresponding to the noncycling or senescent state. Transitions between the normal cycle and the noncycling state are associated with changes in the concentration of the characteristic species which exceed cyclically varying rate-dependent threshold values. Transitions from the normal cycle to the transformed cycle or to the senescent state are described by the coalescence and disappearance of the normal stable limit cycle with one of two adjacent unstable limit cycles. PMID- 7354662 TI - Commitment theory of cellular aging: possibility of an immortal diploid cell strain. AB - Calculations based on the commitment theory of cellular aging indicate that the mean number of uncommitted cells is much greater than unity in populations consisting of 10(10) or more diploid cells. Consequently the probability that all of the uncommitted cells will be lost by in vitro subcultivation is very small. It may therefore be possible to establish a cell population in the laboratory which is, for all practical purposes, immortal. PMID- 7354663 TI - The sensitivity to hyperbaric oxygen of human diploid fibroblasts during ageing in vitro. AB - The effect of hyperbaric oxygen on human diploid fibroblasts, WI-38, at various passages was examined. Their colony-forming ability deteriorates on exposure to hyperbaric oxygen. The cellular injury is not due to the high pressure per se, but to oxygen toxicity, since compressed nitrogen has no effect on the cells. When the cells beyond mid-40 population doublings (lifespan completed more than about 75%) are exposed to 50 atm of oxygen, there is a great decrease in the efficiency of the colony formation. A double exposure to 75 atm of oxygen inhibits the growth of the late passage cells more strongly than that of the early passage cells. These results suggest that the late passage cells are more sensitive to oxygen than the early passage cells. PMID- 7354664 TI - The role of T-agglutinin in the disappearance of erythrocytes artificially aged by desialylation. AB - The chance discovery of two mouse strains, one with and one without a high presence of serum T-agglutinin, permitted the investigation of the role of this antibody in the disappearance of desialylated erythrocytes, which may be regarded as a model for ageing. The proportional relationship between the quantity of sialic acid removed and the diminution of half-life is not affected by the presence or absence of T-agglutinin. Opsonization by T-agglutinin would therefore appear to be an improbable mechanism. Other possible theories are discussed. PMID- 7354665 TI - Disulfide bonds and the structure of the chromatin complex in relation to aging. AB - Triton X-100 washed nuclei from livers of young-adult and old mice were digested with micrococcal nuclease and pelleted. Supernatants (1SF) were saved and the pellets lysed in a hypotonic EDTA buffer. A second supernatant (2SF) and a final pellet (P) were obtained by recentrifugation (7000 g, 7 minutes). The 1SF/2SF ratio, which has been shown to be an index of the transcriptionally active to inactive chromatin ratio, was lower in older mice. The fraction relatively resistant to solubilization by the nuclease (P) was found by isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation to be in a more compatc, condensed state when prepared from older mice. Higher amounts of heavy density chromatin were obtained from nuclei of old than young mice by hypotonic lysis plus minimal mechanical shearing. 2-Mercaptoethanol (2ME) treatment brought the density of the material of P from old mice back to the levels of young mice. In both age groups 2ME decreased the densities of mechanically sheared chromatin as well as of the whole Triton X-100 washed nuclei. In nuclease digestion experiments treatment of the nuclei from both age groups with S-S reducing agents increased the release of DNA from P into the supernatants. The results are consistent with S-S bonds being involved in the condensed structure of chromatin in young and old mice and in the shift of the chromatin complex towards a more compact, condensed state in old age. PMID- 7354666 TI - Changes in hepatic cell mitochondria during parabiosis between old and young rats. AB - Electron-micrographic measurement studies have been made on the hepatic cell mitochondria of the long-lived parabiotic unions between old and young rats. The mitochondria of the younger partners were significantly larger in size and those of the older partners were significantly larger in number and smaller in size compared with those of young and old control rats, respectively. The mitochondrial cristae seemed to become more compactly arranged in the younger partners and more sparsely in the older ones. The influence of parabiosis between different aged rats upon age changes in mitochondria and their function is discussed. PMID- 7354667 TI - The influence of age on the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system of the mouse: a quantitative ultrastructural analysis of the supraoptic nucleus. AB - A quantitative study of various morphological parameters in endocrine cells of the neuroendocrine region of the laboratory mouse was carried out. The supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system synthesises the hormones vasopressin and, to a lesser extent, oxytocin, and transports them to the posterior pituitary. Female C57BL/Icrfat mice at 8 and 26 months of age, free of macroscopic pathology, were sampled when in a physiologically defined resting state. No significant differences in the volume fractions of most cell and subcellular components could be detected at the two ages studied; however, significant increases in the volume fractions of hormone-containing granules and lipofuscin (aging pigment) were demonstrated in older animals. These observations are similar to those made on rat endocrine pancreas also in the resting state. The notion that these hormone-secreting cells are "protected" to some extent from the aging process, and may have some of the qualities of "pace-maker" cells, is discussed. PMID- 7354668 TI - Trends in medical care costs. Do HMOs lower the rate of growth? AB - Total medical care expenses are generally lower for HMO enrollees than for comparable persons with other coverage. However, a rarely addressed question is whether HMO enrollees also experience a slower rate of growth in costs. This paper examines data from several sources (Federal Employees Health Benefits Program, California State Employees, and Kaiser-Oregon) to compare trends in utilization and costs for HMO enrollees and comparison groups over periods of up to twenty-five years. Total costs can be decomposed into cost per unit of service and the number of units, or utilization of services. Trends over time in cost per unit of service (e.g., per hospital patient day) in HMOs are generally comparable to national trends, as are measures of factor inputs (e.g., physician office visits per physician per year). Trends in utilization, such as hospital days per 1,000 enrollees, show slight reductions for HMO enrollees relative to persons with conventional coverage. Therefore, the rate of growth in total costs (including out-of-pocket expenses) is only slightly lower for persons in HMOs. While HMOs may offer lower costs at any point in time, they have not been able to substantially alter the national patterns of medical care inflation and increasing resource use. PMID- 7354669 TI - Evaluation of television consultations between a large neonatal care hospital and a community hospital. AB - Two-way television consultations between community hospital nurses and neonatologists at a nearby teaching hospital were conducted over a two- and one half year period of time and were evaluated with respect to a baseline time period in which the television was not available. Screening for illness and prematurity in neonates occurred in a high risk population residing in a black, economically deprived, innercity area. Outcomes including transfer of sick babies from the community hospital to the large teaching hospital are analyzed in relation to prenatal maternal risk characteristics. Apgar scores, birth weight and gestational age. Evidence available suggests that television consultations facilitated formation of appropriate criteria for interhospital transfer and that routine clinical screening tests were performed more consistently following initiation of interhospital consultations. PMID- 7354670 TI - Psychiatric disorders and their treatment: a community survey. AB - This paper examines relationships between true and treated prevalence of mental illness in a community by examining the use of mental health and other professional services for emotional problems and the relationship of this use to the individual's diagnostic status. The results are based upon a third round of 515 interviews in a longitudinal community study in New Haven, Connecticut, and demonstrate the high use of nonpsychiatric physicians by persons with a psychiatric diagnosis. PMID- 7354671 TI - The organization of physician services in solo and group medical practice. AB - While the effects of physician organization have been examined extensively, little is known about factors related to physicians' choice of either the solo or group practice setting. This study develops a model of physician practice mode choice that includes variables measuring both the characteristics of individual physicians and the socioeconomic environment. The analysis is stratified by 9 specialty groupings to allow a comparison of inter-specialty differences in practice mode choice. Findings suggest that, in general, the group practice physician tends to be board-certified, a member of the American Medical Association (AMA), younger than 55 years old and a graduate of a U.S. medical school. In addition to this general profile, substantial differences exist by specialty. A number of environmental factors are also shown to be related to the practice mode decision. Finally, results are discussed in relation to trends in the health care field and possible effects on the future distribution of group versus solo practice physicians. PMID- 7354672 TI - Use of hospital services under two prepaid plans. AB - This study compares the use of hospital services under two prepaid plans offered to Stanford University employees and their families. One is a Kaiser plan while under the other (Clinic plan), physician services are provided by the Palo Alto Medical Clinic, a multispecialty, largely fee-for-service group practice, and hospital services are covered by a Blue Cross policy. Using age- and sex-adjusted data, the hospital admission rate excluding deliveries is higher under the Clinic plan (44.2 admissions per 1,000 personyears compared with 38.2 under the Kaiser plan), but hospital days per 1,000 personyears are almost identical (249.8 days under the Kaiser plan, 250.7 under the Clinic plan). The difference in the admission rates is due to the higher surgical admission rate under the Clinic plan (32.4 admissions per 1,000 personyears compared to 25.0 under the Kaiser plan). However, when surgical procedures performed in the hospital on a nonadmission basis are added to surgical admissions, the surgical rates under the two plans become very close (35.7 admissions and procedures per 1,000 personyears under the Kaiser plan and 37.6 under the Clinic plan). This lends some support to the hypothesis that the lower hospital surgery rates found under prepaid group practice plans may be due as much to the group practice form of their organization as to their prepaid feature. The authors offer some possible reasons why surgeons in fee-for-service group practices may have relatively low surgery rates even though they do not have the incentive to hold down costs which surgeons in prepaid group practices have. PMID- 7354674 TI - Real costs of dental care in private and public practices. AB - The Chattanooga Project was a publicly funded program providing dental care to indigent children by private practice and public fixed and mobile clinics. Previous studies of the project have shown that the cost of providing dental care in public practices was lower than in private practices, and that this difference was not attributable either to the social characteristics of the children nor to the type of care provided. This article analyzes potential economic causes of the cost differences arising from the input-output relationships in each mode. Because the number and frequency of service types and productivity rates differed among the modes, a standard service package was developed. Productivity and costs were recalculated on the basis of this standard set of services. The results were that with services and productivity held constant the differences between private and public costs increased. The implications are that resources in the private practices were earning significantly higher returns than those in the public practices, and that public practices can offer viable economic alternatives to private practices in the provision of dental care. PMID- 7354673 TI - The effect of a group practice on rural health attitudes and behavior. AB - The opportunity to join a group practice has been identified as a successful inducement for physicians to locate in rural areas. Less is known of the effects of group practice on the health attitudes, behavior and status of the rural communities in which they are established. A random survey of households was conducted in 1972 in a rural Midwestern area, prior to the establishment of a community-sponsored multispecialty primary care group practice, and again on the same households in 1977, after establishment of this group practice (a total of 292 households representing 829 persons). Perceived access to health services before the establishment of the group practice did not significantly predict use of the group practice. Neither previous use of medical services nor health status measured by several indices was associated with eventual use of the group practice. The apparent impact on the community of the group practice was a significant improvement in access to physician services, shown by shorter average travel time to the place of primary care and a 62 per cent improvement in the ability to make a same-day appointment. Furthermore, a significant shift in the distribution of physician services was noted over the study period. The introduction of physician assistants significantly decreased the prior positive attitudes toward them. Despite improvement in access to care, no changes in population health status or receipt of preventive services were noted. Current users of the group practice appear similar to those utilizing conventional medical care sources in regard to access to services, use of services, as well as health status, attitudes and costs. PMID- 7354676 TI - [Hypophosphatasia in an adult]. PMID- 7354675 TI - [The Serafen Project]. PMID- 7354677 TI - [Traumatic myocardial infarct in a formerly healthy man without coronary sclerosis]. PMID- 7354678 TI - [The County Council Board on the prison's responsibility to its inmates]. PMID- 7354679 TI - [How hereditary is alcoholism? Variations in the capacity to metabolize alcohol is genetically determined]. PMID- 7354680 TI - [Mortality decreases even in "mild hypertension"]. PMID- 7354682 TI - [We must object to psychiatric abuse!]. PMID- 7354681 TI - [Contraception in the eighties: a theme with variations]. PMID- 7354683 TI - [The health of Gothenburgers]. PMID- 7354684 TI - [Malignant lymphoma and exposure to chemical substances, in particular organic solvents, chlorphenol and phenoxyacetates]. PMID- 7354685 TI - [180 deaths associated with hard drugs]. PMID- 7354686 TI - [Psychogenic pain from the locomotor apparatus]. PMID- 7354687 TI - Distant metastases in head and neck epidermoid carcinoma. AB - Autopsy findings and case histories of 64 cases of epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck at the Denver Veterans Administration Hospital between 1967 and 1977 were reviewed. Forty percent of these cases had metastases below the clavicles at autopsy. Incidence of metastasis was related to size of the primary lesion. Correlation with nodal involvement was equivocal. Our data was combined with that of similar studies done by O'Brien in 1970 and Gowen in 1963 and resulted in a combined autopsy series of 247 cases. Overall, 47% had distant metastases at autopsy. PMID- 7354688 TI - Reconstruction of the base of the tongue and lateral pharyngeal wall. AB - A technique for reconstruction of the lateral pharyngeal wall, with a buccal mucosal rotation flap is presented for use in patients following extensive resections of the lateral pharyngeal wall with partial mandiblectomy. Reconstruction of the base of the tongue, utilizing midline tongue flaps and/or the epiglottis, is also illustrated. These innovative techniques frequently obviate forehead and chest flaps, aid in vocal rehabilitation, and allow single stage resection and reconstruction in nonradiated patients. PMID- 7354689 TI - Diagnosis of perilymph fistula using ENG and impedance. AB - The presence of perilymph fistula has been difficult to determine because of the lack of efficient and reliable testing methods. The condition is suspected on the basis of history alone and confirmed by surgery. This paper details a quick, reliable procedure called the ENG fistula test, using impedance bridge for pressure change and electronystagmography to aid the establishment of nystagmus and dizziness. To evaluate this procedure, a combination of tests were performed, including Valsalva maneuver, tragal compression, and pneumatic otoscopy, which were previously considered helpful in the diagnosis of fistula. Of them, Valsalva maneuver and tragal compression proved inconclusive; pneumatic otoscopy proved to be helpful. In comparison, however, the ENG fistula test proved most valuable, with results surgically confirmed in 90.8% of cases in this series. This study involved 74 patients whose primary complaint was dizziness. Only some patients simultaneously experienced hearing lows. Included are 5 patients whose positive ENG fistula test results and 15 whose negative test results were confirmed by surgery. Selected case histories are presented. PMID- 7354690 TI - An evaluation of revision stapes surgery. AB - The expected success rate in primary stapedectomy is well documented in recent literature, but few reports have commented on the difficulties or the expected results in revision stapes surgery. Reports have dealt with different techniques, but the surgeon and the patients should be aware of the problems and risks involved in revision stapedectomy. The records of 35 patients who had undergone revision stapedectomy were analyzed to determine the following: 1. cause of failure, 2. how to avoid these difficulties, 3. hearing results, and 4. possible identifying factors which might pinpoint those patients with a high risk for sensorineural hearing loss. A review of these cases demonstrates that the results of revision stapedectomy are different than those for primary stapedectomy. PMID- 7354691 TI - Laser stepedotomy for otosclerosis. AB - The argon laser microscope recently developed by the author is used to vaporize the stapes tendon, the posterior crus and a rosette of holes in the stapes footplate in the surgical treatment of otosclerosis. An autogenous vein- stainless steel piston assembly is used to reconstruct the stapes portion of the ossicular chain. The surgical technique and results in a preliminary series of 11 patients are reported. Rationale and advantages over conventional stapedectomy are discussed. PMID- 7354692 TI - Stapedius reflex quantification in acoustic tumor patients. AB - This investigation is a human application of previously reported work from our laboratories on experimental acoustic tumor effects on the stapedius reflex in monkeys. In this study, the contralateral stapedius reflex was elicited in human controls and in subjects with an acoustic tumor. Acoustic impedance was recorded on magnetic tape for offline analysis of reflex threshold, latency, rise, amplitude, decay, and relaxation. Typical tumor effects on threshold and decay were observed. Most important was the demonstration that decay measured at 20 db SL was more sensitive and more specific for tumor than decay measured at the conventional 10 db SL. Stapedius reflex latency, rise, and amplitude were more sensitive to the presence of a tumor than were measures of threshold and decay. These data indicate that qualification of the reflex will increase the utility of the test. PMID- 7354693 TI - Manometric measurement of Eustachian tube ventilatory function. AB - Although initial manometric studies of Eustachian tube ventilatory function in both normal and abnormal ears suggested that this technique provided an accurate physiologic assessment of ventilatory function, recent studies have questioned the physiologic nature of these tests. In an effort to clarify this controversy, the tubal ventilatory capacity of 51 ears in which Eustachian tube function was clinically normal was assessed manometrically. Similar measurements were made in 18 ears in which Eustachian tube function was clinically normal except for a complaint of aural fullness. This group showed poorer ventilatory function than normal ears, but the most striking result was the inability of over 50% of the normal group to equilibrate negative pressure to a level within the normal range of 0 to -50 mm H2O. It is postulated that Eustachian tube ventilatory function exhibits a range of individual variability such as is characteristic of other biologic systems. PMID- 7354694 TI - Brain stem auditory evoked potentials in determining site of lesion of brain stem gliomas in children. AB - Brain stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) test results are reported on seven children (2 1/2-13 years) with brain stem neoplasms. In each case, the BAEP test results clearly indicated the site of lesion as determined by computerized tomography and observation during surgery. Seven criteria for the assessment of BAEP test results are also presented: 1. Peak latency, 2. Intra-peak latency, 3. Inter-peak latency, 4. Response stability, 5. Amplitude, 6. Waveshape, and 7. Peak presence. Six children had positive indications on at least four of the seven criteria described, while one child had two positive indications. However, dramatic abnormality on any single criterion warrants serious investigation. PMID- 7354695 TI - Intact acoustic reflexes in the presence of ossicular disruption. AB - The potential usefulness of impedance studies is reviewed and a case of osteogenesis imperfecta, having bilateral ossicular discontinuity and intact acoustic reflexes, is presented. This seeming paradox was explainable on the basis of surgically confirmed, bilateral disruption of the stapes crura, central to the stapedial tendon insertion. PMID- 7354696 TI - Spatial anatomy of facial nerve fibers--a preliminary report. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to tag axons to the orbicularis oculi muscle in eight adult cats. Retrograde axonal transport in some animals resulted in fiber labelling such that the spatial anatomy of fibers was determined. In those few animals in which labelling occurred, a definite spatial orientation was retained in the extra-temporal nerve. Problems with the HRP technique are discussed in the paper, and the literature is reviewed with regard to spatial orientation of facial nerve axons. This technique, previously used to label neurons in the facial nucleus, appears to be of value in labelling of the peripheral fibers as well. PMID- 7354698 TI - Atypical mycobacterial cervical adenitis: clinical presentation. AB - Atypical mycobacterium cervical adenitis (AMCA) is a disease primarily of childhood and usually presents as a unilateral mass or draining sinus. The pathogens are mycobacteria which are distinct from Mycobacteria tuberculosis, leprae and bovis (the typical mycobacteria). The atypical mycobacteria are readily recovered from the environment and are generally of low virulence. They are increasingly being recognized as pathogen for man though they are probably not transmissible from human contact. Most commonly these organisms are implicated in either pulmonary disease or lymphadenopathy. Fourteen cases of AMCA occurring in childhood are presented. A review of the bacteriology of the atypical mycobacteria is included. The clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, chemotherapeutic management and role of surgical intervention are discussed. PMID- 7354699 TI - Laryngeal rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The classic sequence of pathologic changes associated with rheumatoid arthritis as they affect the cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints of five larynges is described. Although several previous reports have drawn attention to the presence of rheumatoid arthritis in the larnx, the current study emphasizes that the small joints of the larynx may be involved by the full spectrum of pathologic changes and that both cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints are equally prone to the various stages of inflammation, joint destruction and ankylosis that characterize the disease elsewhere. Rheumatoid nodules were seen in two cases and granulomatous areas surrounding cricothyroid joints were noted in two others. PMID- 7354697 TI - Surgical correction of the convex vocal cord after Teflon injection. AB - Teflon injection of paralyzed and bowed vocal cords has been performed since 1962. It has been generally accepted that nothing could be done if an excess is injected or a granuloma reaction within the cord occurs causing an early or late convex cord which projects across the midline. A technique is described to correct such convex cord problems and the results are given for 12 patients for whom corrective surgery was done. PMID- 7354700 TI - Pitfalls in the radiographic diagnosis of stenosis of the internal auditory canal. AB - The syndrome of stenosis of the internal auditory canal is radiographically suggested by narrowing of the canal on temporal bone tomography or nonfilling on Pantopaque cysternography. The internal auditory canal ends medially at the porous acousticus. In the literature, the radiographs employed to demonstrate this stenosis show the narrowing to be medial to the porous acousticus and therefore extracanalicular. The presumed narrowing is actually in a neurovascular groove on the posterior aspect of the temporal bone. Temporal bone specimens were photographed and tomographed to demonstrate this point. These data suggest that present radiographic criteria for diagnosis of this syndrome are invalid. PMID- 7354701 TI - Amyloidosis of the maxillary antrum. AB - A rare case of primary amyloidosis which presented as a destructive lesion of the maxillary antrum is discussed. Current methods of diagnosis and treatment of amyloidosis are outlined. PMID- 7354702 TI - Mastoid release for congenital torticollis. PMID- 7354703 TI - Polyamide mesh implants in revision rhinoplasty and the severely traumatized nose. PMID- 7354704 TI - Production of urine free dopamine from DOPA; a micropuncture study. PMID- 7354705 TI - Formation and accumulation of hypotaurine in rat liver regenerating after partial hepatectomy. PMID- 7354706 TI - Antagonistic effects of isovalerate and glycine on plasma choline levels in rabbits. PMID- 7354707 TI - Glucose metabolism during sleep and wakefulness. PMID- 7354708 TI - [Generalized mathematical model for interpreting the measurement results in radioisotope dynamic studies]. PMID- 7354709 TI - [Criteria of malignancy in the radiophosphorus indication of eye tumors using Cherenkovsky's method of radiation]. PMID- 7354710 TI - [Radionuclide measurements of the rate of volumetric blood flow in the crura]. PMID- 7354711 TI - [Late results of drug and combined (chemo- and radio-) therapy of stages IIIB-IV of lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 7354713 TI - [Basic patterns of the phase of contrast substances elimination from reactively altered lymph nodes]. PMID- 7354712 TI - [Results of the radiation therapy of lymphogranulomatosis according to immunoreactivity data]. PMID- 7354714 TI - [Effect of calcitonin on bone restructuring in irradiated animals under functional parodontal stress]. PMID- 7354715 TI - [Changes in cellular ultrastructure in rectal cancer after irradiation]. PMID- 7354716 TI - [Effect of different methods of experimental irradiation on the coronary vessels]. PMID- 7354717 TI - [Multielement silicon detectors in the dosimetry of x-ray irradiation]. PMID- 7354718 TI - [Holder for precision irradiation of small targets in the region of the head]. PMID- 7354719 TI - Increased catabolism of high density lipoprotein in alcoholic hepatitis. AB - The kinetics of high density lipoprotein apoprotein A-I were determined in three subjects with severe alcoholic hepatitis. Lipoprotein was obtained from three healthy subjects, radioiodinated, and injected into the patients and the donors. The catabolic rate of A-I was two to four times higher in the patients compared to a group of 18 control subjects studied previously. In the patients only, about 20% of the radiolabeled apoproteins rapidly appeared in the lipoprotein-poor fraction of plasma, which also contained substantial amounts of unlabeled A-I. The findings show that the reduced concentration of A-I in alcoholic hepatitis (less than half-normal), is due not to diminished synthesis (synthesis was normal) but to rapid degradation. This may reflect disruption of abnormal high density lipoproteins due to lack of cofactors. PMID- 7354720 TI - Deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone excretion in Cushing's syndrome. AB - We have used specific radioimmunoassays to measure urinary free deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and total aldosterone excretion in 15 patients with Cushing's syndrome. Free DOC excretion was increased in 6 of 8 patients with pituitary-dependent adrenal hyperplasia, in 2 of 3 patients with adrenal adenoma, and in all 4 cases with adrenal carcinoma. The most marked increase was noted in the adrenal carcinoma cases. Aldosterone excretion was high, normal, or low in each of the three types of Cushing's syndrome. The free DOC response to metyrapone in Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal adenoma was markedly different from that in patients with adrenal hyperplasia (pituitary-dependent) and may serve as a test to ascertain the etiology of the disorder. Correlations of free DOC and aldosterone excretion with free cortisol excretion, and their responses to the administration of metyrapone and dexamethasone were compatible with ACTH dependency in adrenal hyperplasia, autonomous production of steroids in adrenal adenomas and a chaotic steroidogenesis in adrenal carcinoma. PMID- 7354721 TI - Nutrient intake: relationships with lipids and lipoproteins in 6--19-year-old children--the Princeton School District study. AB - Relationships between nutrient intakes and plasma lipids and lipoproteins were studied in 949 randomly selected children, ages 6--19, in the biracial, suburban, Princeton School District. While nutrient intake increased with age in males, such age-associated increases in nutrient ingestion were much less consistent or were not significant for females. Primarily in the 6--9 and 10--12 yr age groups, white children ingested more total calories, more saturated fat, and a lower ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated (P/S) fat, more total carbohydrates, sucrose, starch, and other carbohydrates, and more protein than black children. After adjusting for age, race, sex, weight, and height, several nutrient-lipid and lipoprotein partial correlation coefficients were significant, but of relatively low magnitude. There were weak but significant inverse correlations between dietary P/S ratios and dietary carbohydrates with both total (r = -.07, 0.7) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-LDL), (r = -.07, -.08). Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-HDL) was inversely and significantly correlated with dietary sucrose (r = -.07); plasma triglyceride correlated positively with dietary sucrose (r = .08). Potential relationships between nutrients and lipids-lipoproteins were also examined in children at the extremes of, and in the middle of, lipid-lipoprotein distributions. After covariance adjustment for age, sex, race, and Quetelet index, children having the highest levels of C-HDL had the lowest intake of dietary carbohydrate and total calories. After further covariance adjustment for total calories, children at the highest end of the plasma cholesterol distribution had a greater intake of cholesterol and total protein than did children in the lowest end of the distribution. Nutrient intake may play a small but significant role relative to lipids and lipoproteins in children, and as such, may have importance relative to pediatric precursors of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7354722 TI - Measurement of reverse triiodothyronine in dried blood spot: methodology and clinical application as a screening procedure for detection of congenital hypothyroidism. AB - A new sensitive radioimmunoassay method for measuring reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) concentrations in dried blood samples, designed to screen newborn infants for congenital hypothyroidism, has been developed. Paper strips are impregnated with cord blood and dried. Duplicate 5-mm diameter discs are punched from the paper strips and added directly to the radioimmunoassay reaction mixture. After incubation, bound and free hormone are separated by dextran-coated charcoal. The disc remains in the solution throughout the procedure and the assay can be completed within 24 hr. Recovery of rT3 is greater than 95% and coefficients of variation are 9.4% (intraassay) and 12.2% (interassay) at an rT3 concentration of 220 ng/dl. At very low rT3 concentrations (25 ng/dl), coefficients of variation are 14.2% (intraassay) and 18.7% (interassay). The method readily detects 12.5 ng/dl of rT3. With this paper disc method, rT3 was measured in 38 newborns and compared with serum rT3 measured in the same subjects by a standard radioimmunoassay method. The correlation between rT3 values measured in dried blood disc and in serum was very high (r = 0.918). The rT3 in dried blood discs from the cord blood of 745 normal newborns was 228.9 +/- 76.0 ng/dl (mean +/- SD). In contrast, two infants with proven congenital hypothyroidism had rT3 values of 35 and 75 ng/dl, respectively. This study indicates that rT3 can be easily measured in dried blood discs and suggests that the described method may be a useful screening procedure in a program for the detection of neonatal hypothyroidism. PMID- 7354723 TI - Alterations in monodeiodination of iodothyronines in the fasting rat: effects of reduced nonprotein sulfhydryl groups and hypothyroidism. PMID- 7354724 TI - 1980 presidential election, national census to have profound effects for medicine. PMID- 7354725 TI - Ophthalmology fights back! PMID- 7354726 TI - Important to distinguish wastes of nuclear plants, biomedicine. PMID- 7354727 TI - The Michigan Department of Social Services. Part 3. PMID- 7354728 TI - What medical education is doing to provide physicians for Michigan. PMID- 7354729 TI - Physician's family faces number of stresses. PMID- 7354730 TI - An animal model for testing automatic defibrillators. AB - A promising therapy for ventricular fibrillation--a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia--is implantation of an automatic defibrillator. A critical component of such a device is the system that detects the presence of ventricular fibrillation. Automatic systems for detecting ventricular fibrillation have been tested with arrhythmias produced by electric shocks in normal canine hearts, but have not been tested with spontaneous arrhythmias in hyperirritable hearts. We have developed an animal model to create arrhythmias without electrical stimulation and have used it to test our automatic defibrillator. This model permits evaluation of both reliability to diagnose VF and reliability to reject other tachyarrhythmias. PMID- 7354732 TI - Influence of acute coronary artery occlusion on direct ventricular defibrillation in dogs. AB - Automatic defibrillators have been successfully tested in normal animals. However, human candidates for implantation of such devices are likely to have ischemic heart disease. This study examined the optimal site of defibrillation and the influence of acute myocardial ischemia upon the defibrillation threshold in anesthetized dogs. The defibrillation threshold was determined from a transvenous right ventricular intracavitary electrode and from right and left ventricular epicardial electrodes. Shocks were delivered before and after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Before occlusion, the rate of successful shocks was low from the right ventricular epicardium, moderate from the right ventricular cavity, and high from the left ventricular epicardium. Furthermore, the defibrillation threshold was significantly lower at the left ventricular epicardium than at the right ventricular sites. During coronary artery occlusion, the rate of successful defibrillation remained high from the left ventricular epicardium, and there was no significant change in the defibrillation threshold. It was concluded that the left ventricular epicardium is the optimal site for defibrillation in the anesthetized dog. Acute coronary artery occlusion did not modify the success rate of defibrillation or the energy required for defibrillation. PMID- 7354731 TI - Ventricular defibrillation with myocardial electrodes in the dog, calf, pony, and pig. AB - The defibrillation effectiveness of 4-msec rectangular wave shocks was evaluated using myocardial electrodes with 25-kg dogs and (nominally) 100-kg calves, ponies, and pigs as part of an evaluation of the suitability of these animals as models for automatic implanted defibrillator research. The percent success of defibrillation attempts in dogs ranged from 44% with 4-A, 6-J shocks to 93% with 8-A, 16-J shocks. The success achieved in calves with scaled electrodes was uniformly lower and reached a maximum of 28% with 23-A, 107-J shocks. Pigs defibrillated with scaled electrodes at a success level (43%) more comparable to dogs (54%) at the 12-A, 25-J level. Using larger electrodes in calves, only 63% success was attained with 25-A, 52-J shocks; lower (14-A, 22-J) and higher (35-A, 100-J; 47-A, 176-J) shocks were less than 30% effective. Ponies were refractory to defibrillation at up to the 25-A, 100-J level with the large electrodes; with 21-A, 43-J shocks only 42% success in pigs was achieved. In general, there were marked differences between the responses of dogs and calves that are inconsistent with the closed-chest defibrillation behavior of both animals. Failure to achieve reliable and highly successful defibrillation in the larger animals may indicate their possible unsuitability as models in implanted defibrillator research. PMID- 7354733 TI - Optimal spacing of right ventricular bipolar catheter electrodes for detecting cardiac pumping by an automatic implantable defibrillator. AB - Our defibrillation-detecting system uses both ECG and right ventricular impedance change (delta Z). We studied the effect of catheter electrode spacing on delta Z in 10 dogs with body weights of 10 to ,5 kg and heart weights of 67 to 220 g. Impedance to 20-kHz 100--muA square waves was measured between two 1-cm-long electrodes mounted on a No. 12F catheter and wedged into the right ventricular apex. Catheters with spacings of 5 to 25 mm between the electrodes were tested during sinus rhyhm and ventricular fibrillation. During sinus rhythm the mean beat-to-beat delta Z was 23 +/- 4 omega using the 5-mm spacing. Wider spacing gave smaller, and hence less desirable, delta Z. Some delta Z signals were recorded during ventricular fibrillation, and 5-mm spacing was more sensitive to these than wider spacing. This resulted in some prolongation of the time between onset of fibrillation and application of the defibrillation shock, but should decrease false positive diagnosis of fibrillation. No clear relationship was observed between delta Z and body weight or heart weight. We conclude that the 5 mm spacing is best for detection of pumping by the catheter-impedance method in hearts of this weight range. PMID- 7354735 TI - The induction of myocardial damage by open-chest low-energy countershock. AB - Anesthetized rabbits were used to study the effects of internal electrical defibrillation on the heart. Single electrical shocks of 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 Wsec/kg or five consecutive shocks of 0.5 Wsec/kg spaced at either 1 shock per min, per 2 min, or per 3 min, were used. Half of the rabbits given a single shock of 1 Wsec/kg or multiple shocks at a spacing of 1 shock per min were given intravenous injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (6 mg/kg) 5 min before receiving the defibrillatory shocks. Damage to the hearts was assessed by electrocardiography and histopathology. Myocardial damage was evident at the lowest energy levels used. All indices showed that the degree of damage was increased by increasing the energy level of single shocks or by decreasing the time interval between multiple shocks. The steroid pretreatment did not appear to protect the hearts from damage caused by the shocks. PMID- 7354734 TI - Hemodynamic responses to two defibrillating trapezoidal waveforms. AB - The purpose of this study is to compare postdefibrillation hemodynamics following a 2-msec 80% tilt shock to those following a 10-msec 50% tilt shock. The waveforms can be generated by an automatic implantable defibrillator. In 18 mongrel dogs, a defibrillating catheter carrying two pairs of electrodes was lodged at the apex of the right ventricle. Every 15 min a fibrillation defibrillation episode was initiated, alternating the two defibrillating waveforms in successive episodes. The peak current for the 10-msec defibrillating shock was twice the predicted threshold peak current; the 2-msec shock was of the same delivered energy as the 10-msec shock. In each episode, fibrillation lated for 30 sec, then defibrillation was accomplished with one of the two wave-form countershocks. Hemodynamic measurements were recorded at 2 min prior to fibrillation and 1 min after defibrillation of each episode. Data were obtained on heart rate, mean femoral arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, left ventricular dP/dt, right ventricular dP/dt, cardiac power, and the number of ventricular ectopic beats per minute. The data indicate that with superior restoration of circulation as the criterion, a low-peak-current, long-duration, low-tilt defibrillating waveform is preferable for catheter-electrode ventricular defibrillation. PMID- 7354736 TI - Evaluation of the operating internal resistance and capacitance of intact trapezoidal waveform defibrillators. PMID- 7354737 TI - Treatment of the sudden death syndrome: new devices and new techniques. PMID- 7354739 TI - The choice of antimicrobial drugs. PMID- 7354738 TI - Comparison of myocardial damage from defibrillator discharges at various dosages. AB - To study the difference in myocardial damage produced by the same defibrillation energy delivered at frequent, low-energy discharges vs infrequent, high-energy discharges, experiments were performed on 48 dogs. In Part I, a total of 3000 Wsec energy was delivered; in Part II, a total of 600 Wsec was delivered; and in Parts III and IV, a total of 1800 Wsec was delivered. In half the dogs, the energy was delivered in three shocks within 135 sec. In the other half, the shocks were delivered by 10 smaller shocks at 15-sec intervals. The degree of myocardial damage assessed by ST-segment elevation on precordial mapping or necrotic index from gross and microscopic examination 4 days after the shocks showed no significant difference. However, the three high-energy shocks (600 to 100 Wsec) resulted in ventricular fibrillation or complete heart block in 33% (6 of 18) of the dogs. These arrhythmias were not observed in the animals receiving low-energy (60-, 200-, or 300-Wsec) discharges. PMID- 7354740 TI - Salt restriction to prevent hypertension. PMID- 7354741 TI - Respiratory tract Aspergillus: clinical significance. PMID- 7354742 TI - Body image, personality, and life event changes after jejunoileal bypass surgery for massive obesity. PMID- 7354743 TI - Complications of cancer therapy. PMID- 7354744 TI - Indo-Chinese refugees -- medical care of Southeast Asians -- compliance. PMID- 7354745 TI - Gold therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7354746 TI - CME evaluation -- 1979 Minnesota Medical Annual Meeting. PMID- 7354747 TI - The fractured scapula: significance and prognosis. PMID- 7354748 TI - Management of ingested foreign bodies in the esophagus in children. PMID- 7354749 TI - Consumer information on health care costs: preliminary results. PMID- 7354750 TI - Cerumen in the lumen, a rhyme. PMID- 7354751 TI - Hypokalemic periodic paralysis in a thyrotoxic white man, case report. PMID- 7354752 TI - Southeast Missouri Maternity Clinic. PMID- 7354753 TI - A remainder system for periodic hospital maintenance. PMID- 7354754 TI - Veterinary predation and ethics revisited. PMID- 7354755 TI - How to collect and preserve physical evidence. PMID- 7354756 TI - Prophylactic use of antibiotics in surgery. Part II. PMID- 7354757 TI - Unusual causes of "carpitis". PMID- 7354758 TI - Arginase: a liver-specific enzyme. PMID- 7354759 TI - Carbadox vs lincomycin in swine dysentery control. PMID- 7354761 TI - Intervertebral disc protrusion is a surgical disease. PMID- 7354760 TI - Rhabditic dermatitis in dogs. PMID- 7354762 TI - Roentgen-ryan rerun. PMID- 7354763 TI - Poisonings in cattle. PMID- 7354764 TI - Equine case reports. PMID- 7354765 TI - Reduction by cimetidine of serum parathyroid hormone levels in uremic patients. PMID- 7354766 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 11-1980. PMID- 7354767 TI - Care in childbirth and beyond. PMID- 7354768 TI - Sounding board. The future of chiropractic. PMID- 7354769 TI - Drug-induced interstitial nephritis with heavy glomerular proteinuria. PMID- 7354770 TI - Cimetidine and hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7354772 TI - Vitamin C therapy of advanced cancer. PMID- 7354771 TI - Polyuria from tachycardia in an infant. PMID- 7354773 TI - Prevalence of the hemochromatosis gene. PMID- 7354774 TI - Waiting for the doctor. PMID- 7354775 TI - Waiting for the doctor. PMID- 7354776 TI - International Encyclopedia of Pharmacology and Therapeutics: duplication or updating? PMID- 7354777 TI - Responses to hydrochlorothiazide and acetazolamide in patients with calcium stones. Evidence suggesting a defect in renal tubular function. AB - Urinary excretion of sodium, calcium, and magnesium has been measured after single oral doses of hydrochlorothiazide (100 mg) and acetazolamide (500 mg) in unselected patients with calcareous renal stone formation and in normal control subjects. With hydrochlorothiazide, 36 stone formers had significantly greater increments in sodium (P less than 0.01), calcium (P less than 0.05), and magnesium (P less than 0.05) excretion than 20 normal subjects. With acetazolamide, 13 stone formers had a smaller increment in sodium excretion (P less than 0.05) than 10 normal subjects. The abnormal responses to both diuretics were most marked in the patients with hypercalciuria during fasting. These data suggest that the tubular handling of sodium, magnesium, and calcium may be abnormal in patients with calcareous renal stones and are consistent with the presence of a defect in proximal-tubular reabsorption of fluid and electrolytes that may be partly offset by increased reabsorption in the distal nephron. PMID- 7354778 TI - Small-airways dysfunction in nonsmokers chronically exposed to tobacco smoke. AB - We evaluated the effect of long-term passive smoking (involuntary inhalation of tobacco smoke by nonsmokers) and long-term voluntary smoking on specific indexes of pulmonary function in 2100 middle-aged subjects. Regardless of sex, nonsmokers chronically exposed to tobacco smoke had a lower forced mid-expiratory flow rate (FEF 25 to 75 per cent) and forced end-expiratory flow rate (FEF 75 to 85 per cent) than nonsmokers not exposed (P less than 0.005). In addition, values in passive smokers were not significantly different from those in light smokers and smokers who did not inhale (P less than 0.005). When we looked at the extent to which smoke exposure is related to graded abnormality, we found that nonsmokers in smoke-free working environments have the highest scores on the spirometric tests; passive smokers, smokers who do not inhale, and light smokers score similarly and significantly lower; and heavy smokers score the lowest (P less than 0.005). We conclude that chronic exposure to tobacco smoke in the work environment is deleterious to the nonsmoker and significantly reduces small airways function. PMID- 7354779 TI - Child abuse as a cause of post-traumatic hypopituitarism. PMID- 7354780 TI - Current concepts in cancer: The changing nature of endometrial cancer. PMID- 7354781 TI - Notes of a biology-watcher. On smell. PMID- 7354782 TI - By the London Post. Negligence or error of judgment?--Waiting lists--Oysters for a boy. PMID- 7354783 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 12-1980. PMID- 7354784 TI - (Passive) smokers versus (voluntary) smokers. PMID- 7354785 TI - Side effects of bromocriptine. PMID- 7354786 TI - Outlook for low-birth-weight infants. PMID- 7354787 TI - Outlook for low-birth-weight infants. PMID- 7354788 TI - Outlook for low-birth-weight infants. PMID- 7354789 TI - Eisenmenger's syndrome and pregnancy. PMID- 7354790 TI - Eisenmenger's syndrome and pregnancy. PMID- 7354791 TI - Prevention of recurrent venous thrombosis: warfarin versus heparin. PMID- 7354792 TI - Prevention of recurrent venous thrombosis: warfarin versus heparin. PMID- 7354793 TI - Prevention of recurrent venous thrombosis: warfarin versus heparin. PMID- 7354794 TI - Ventricular tachycardia after alcohol. PMID- 7354795 TI - Ventricular tachycardia after alcohol. PMID- 7354796 TI - Ventricular tachycardia after alcohol. PMID- 7354797 TI - Relief of anxiety during invasive diagnostic procedures. PMID- 7354798 TI - Chronic dialysis for uremia. PMID- 7354800 TI - Child abuse. PMID- 7354799 TI - Child abuse. PMID- 7354801 TI - Child abuse. PMID- 7354802 TI - Child abuse. PMID- 7354803 TI - Selective health care for developing countries. PMID- 7354804 TI - Selective health care for developing countries. PMID- 7354805 TI - Selective health care for developing countries. PMID- 7354806 TI - Selective health care for developing countries. PMID- 7354807 TI - The enzymatic defect in variegate prophyria. Studies with human cultured skin fibroblasts. AB - Fecal protoporphyrin is increased in patients with variegate porphyria, even during clinical remission, suggesting an enzymatic defect in the terminal portion of the heme biosynthetic pathway. We measured the activities of protoporphyrinogen oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of protoporphyrinogen to protoporphyrin, and heme synthase, which catalyzes the chelation of iron to protoporphyrins, in cultured skin fibroblasts from five normal controls and five patients with variegate porphyria. Heme synthase activity was shown to be normal in variegate porphyria cells by direct assay in cell sonicates and indirect assay in intact cells. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity, however, was reduced to 43 per cent of normal in sonicates of variegate porphyria cells (0.90 +/- 0.13 vs. 2.12 +/- 0.25 nmol of protoporphyrin per milligram of protein per hour [mean +/- S.E.M.] [P less than 0.005]). We conclude that protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity is deficient in variegate porphyria. Fecal protoporphyrin may increase because an excess amount of protoporphyrinogen is excreted into bile and subsequently auto-oxidized to protoporphyrin. PMID- 7354808 TI - Laboratory distinction between essential and secondary hypertension by measurement of erythrocyte cation fluxes. AB - An abnormally low sodium-potassium net flux ratio in erythrocytes was recently described in human essential hypertension. We have confirmed this finding in 65 patients with essential hypertension who were compared with 33 normotensive controls born of normotensive parents. In 23 other subjects with documented secondary hypertension and normotensive parents, the sodium-potassium net flux ratio was found to be similar to that in the controls. The erythrocyte test thus appears to be of interest in distinguishing between essential and secondary hypertension. Severe renal failure itself reduces the flux ratio and would therefore distort the results of this test. PMID- 7354809 TI - Increased sodium-lithium countertransport in red cells of patients with essential hypertension. AB - This paper describes experiments showing that one of the pathways of sodium transport across the red-cell membrane, sodium-lithium countertransport, is faster in patients with essential hypertension than in control subjects. This transport system accepts only sodium or lithium and is not inhibited by ouabain. The maximum rate of transport shows inherited differences. The mean maximum rate of sodium-lithium countertransport was found to be 0.55 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- S.E.M.) mmol (liter of red cells X hour)(-1) in a group of 36 patients with essential hypertension and 0.24 +/- 0.02 in 26 control subjects (P less than 0.001). The first-degree relatives of eight patients with essential hypertension and 10 control subjects had mean maximum rates of sodium-lithium countertransport of 0.54 +/- 0.05 and 0.23 +/- 0.02, respectively. Five patients with secondary hypertension had normal mean maximum rates of sodium-lithium countertransport. The relation between heritability of red-cell sodium-lithium countertransport and essential hypertension should be investigated further. PMID- 7354810 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 13-1980. PMID- 7354811 TI - Hypertension and the red cell. PMID- 7354812 TI - Alcohol increases bromocriptine's side effects. PMID- 7354813 TI - Hazards of pulmonary-artery catheterization. PMID- 7354814 TI - Hazards of pulmonary-artery catheterization. PMID- 7354815 TI - Hazards of pulmonary-artery catheterization. PMID- 7354816 TI - Hazards of pulmonary-artery catheterization. PMID- 7354817 TI - Activation of alternative complement pathway by fluid from hydatid cysts. PMID- 7354818 TI - Plasma exchange in primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 7354820 TI - Hypouricemia in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 7354821 TI - Hypouricemia in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 7354819 TI - Vitamin D-dependent rickets type II. PMID- 7354823 TI - Sleep hypoxemia at high altitude. PMID- 7354824 TI - Sleep hypoxemia at high altitude. PMID- 7354825 TI - Changes in mortality rates from multiple myeloma. PMID- 7354822 TI - Use of thrombolytic agents. PMID- 7354826 TI - Competition in providing medical care. PMID- 7354827 TI - Effects of mental health on physical health. PMID- 7354828 TI - Effects of mental health on physical health. PMID- 7354829 TI - Effects of mental health on physical health. PMID- 7354830 TI - Effects of mental health on physical health. PMID- 7354831 TI - Do patients feign ignorance? PMID- 7354833 TI - Communication between cells. PMID- 7354832 TI - Human rights and medicine in Zimbabwe. PMID- 7354834 TI - Possible hazards of photochemotherapy for psoriasis. PMID- 7354835 TI - Antigenic shift and drift. PMID- 7354836 TI - Man in space. PMID- 7354837 TI - Structure of the junction between communicating cells. AB - An 18-A resolution map of the 'gap junction' has been obtained by electron microscopy. The protein oligomer in the junctional membranes, the 'connexon', is a cyclinder composed of six subunits which are titled around its axis. Analysis of two different subunit configurations suggests how the connexon might regulate the passage of small molecules between cell interiors. PMID- 7354838 TI - Chronic blockade of dopamine receptors by antischizophrenic drugs enhances GABA binding in substantia nigra. PMID- 7354839 TI - Effects of 4-aminopyridine on normal and demyelinated mammalian nerve fibres. AB - We have previously demonstrated that a drug which prolongs action potentials can, like a reduction in temperature, overcome conduction failure in demyelinated nerve fibres. Although the particular substance then used, a scorpion venom, was not a suitable therapeutic agent, we suggested that other drugs, with similar but milder effects on the action potential, might be effective in the symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis. We now report some encouraging results obtained with 4-amino-pyridine (4AP), a substance which blocks the voltage-dependent potassium current in squid giant axons. The use of a potassium-blocking agent to prolong action potentials may seem surprising because we previously found tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA), another potassium blocker, ineffective on normal rat myelinated fibres, and two recent voltage-clamp studies have confirmed that mammalian nodes have few, if any, potassium channels. On the other hand, 4AP strongly potentiates transmitter release from the unmyelinated terminals of rat motor nerves, and the possibility arose that demyelinated axon membrane, which can conduct impulses continuously like an unmyelinated fibre, might further resemble its unmyelinated terminals by responding to 4AP. In testing this hypothesis, we have found that both TEA and 4AP prolong action potentials of demyelinated and unmyelinated fibres, and both facilitate conduction in fibres blocked by demyelination. 4AP is effective at lower concentrations, and is the more promising for clinical use, as it has already been used with beneficial effects in the treatment of Eaton-Lambert syndrome and myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7354840 TI - Requirement for monocytes in the spontaneous cytotoxic effects of human lymphocytes against non-lymphoid target cells. AB - Human lymphocytes have been shown to lyse in vitro a large variety of target cells derived from tumour as well as normal tissues. The effector cells involved in this spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC) have generally been characterised as lymphocytes which lack surface membrane immunoglobulin (sIg) and lack or express only low-affinity receptors for sheep red blood cells (SRBC), but possess receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (refs 3--7). We have previously shown that monocytes may be involved in SCMC, as strong depletions of adherent cells always resulted in a reduction in SCMC. In the present study, experiments were undertaken to determine the role of monocytes in SCMC. Evidence is presented that monocytes have a helper function in the lymphocyte-mediated SCMC against target cells growing in monolayer cultures, whereas effector cells in SCMC against lymphoid target cells growing in suspension cultures were lysed by lymphocytes in the absence of monocytes. PMID- 7354841 TI - Autoreactive natural killer-like cells from agar-cloned murine bone marrow cells. AB - Natural surveillance against malignant cells has been ascribed to so-called natural killer (NK) cells. These cells attack tumour cells without prior antigen stimulation and may also be cytotoxic to non-malignant cells. NK cells are routinely demonstrated by their cytotoxic activity against various types of tumour cell in vitro, but elucidation of the characteristics of the cytotoxic cells has hitherto been hampered by the lack of techniques by which NK cells can be isolated. Here we demonstrate murine NK-like activity from bone marrow cells cloned in semi-solid agar medium for granulocyte-macrophage colony formation. Data obtained indicate that such procedures considerably improve the possibility of obtaining quite pure NK cell populations by which the NK cell phenomenon may be studied in more detail. PMID- 7354842 TI - Epithelial cells in nerve-free hydra produce morphogenetic substances. AB - It has been shown that hydra, consisting almost exclusively of epithelial cells, have normal morphogenetic properties. This means that they are able to reproduce asexually by budding and to regenerate head or foot with conservation of the original polarity. Such hydra have no interstitial cells and they lack nerves and nematocytes as differentiation produces of the interstitital stem cell. Consequently, they are unable to catch or ingest food and would not survive in ntaure. However, stocks can be maintained in the laboratory, if food is injected into the gastric cavity. The fact that nerve-free hydra would grow and regenerate normally raised some doubts as to the role of the nervous system in the control of differentiation and development in hydra. In particular, the significance of morphogenetic substances, such as the head activator, which is normally produced by nerve cells, seemed to need reassessment. We now show that epithelial cells, seemed toneed reassessment. We now show that epithelial cells in hydra have the potential to produce head activator and other morphogenetic factors, but that this property is repressed in the presence of nerves. PMID- 7354843 TI - Mutagenicity of carcinogenic methylating agents is associated with a specific DNA modification. AB - The carcinogenic potency of simple aliphatic alkylating agents such as the alkylnitrosamides and the alkylmethanesulphonates is positively correlated with their ability to alkylate the relatively weakly nucleophilic oxygen atoms in DNA, particularly the O6-atom of guanine. Differences in the spectrum of DNA alkylations produced by these agents can be rationalised on chemical grounds in that the electrophilic reactivity of the alkylating species determines the extent to which it will react at sites of weaker nucleophilicity. Alkylation of the more strongly nucleophilic ring nitrogen atoms of the purine bases, which is the main site of reaction with all these agents, appears to be much less important in alkylation carcinogenesis. O6-alkylation of guanine is likely to interfere with DNA base-pair hydrogen bonding and is possibly the major DNA modification responsible for the induction of GC yields AT transition mutations in bacteria and bacteriophage by alkylating agents. Here, we have studied the effects of three methylating agents of contrasting carcinogenic potency on mammalian (V79 Chinese hamster) cells in in culture. We report that the mutagenicity but not the cytotoxicity of each agent reflects its carcinogenicity and, furthermore, that the marked differences in mutagenicity are closely paralleled by differences in levels of O6-guanine methylation. PMID- 7354844 TI - Hybridisation of scDNA does not lead to overestimates of mRNA complexity. PMID- 7354845 TI - Hybridization of scDNA does not lead to overestimates of mRNA complexity. PMID- 7354846 TI - A dearth of new drugs. PMID- 7354847 TI - Recombinant DNA research thrives. PMID- 7354848 TI - Chemical company study shows no dioxin hazard. PMID- 7354849 TI - Osteology and prehistoric society. PMID- 7354850 TI - Ribonuclease still under attack. PMID- 7354851 TI - Post-receptoral processes in colour vision. PMID- 7354852 TI - Free calcium in Xenopus embryos measured with ion-selective microelectrodes. AB - A regulatory role for intracellular free calcium has been suggested in cell division and intercellular communication via gap junctions. Previous measurements of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ during cell division and uncoupling have been made with the Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein aequorin. We now report experiments using Ca2+ sensitive microelectrodes to monitor free Ca2+ in the cells and intercellular fluid of early embryos of the amphibian Xenopus laevis. In addition to measuring basal levels, we have looked for changes in free Ca2+ during cell division and during electrical uncoupling of the normally coupled embryonic cells, induced by acidification of the intracellular medium. PMID- 7354853 TI - Host gene influences sensitivity to interferon action selectively for influenza virus. PMID- 7354855 TI - Osteoclasts derived from haematopoietic stem cells. AB - The origins of the multinucleated osteoclast have been controversial, with osteogenic precursors and haematopoietic stem cells as candidates. Recent evidence for the latter is persuasive but circumstantial. We report here direct evidence obtained in radiation chimaeras from a natural cytoplasmic cell marker transmitted by the donated haematopoietic stem cell. PMID- 7354854 TI - Spontaneous stomach ulcer in genetically mast-cell depleted W/Wv mice. AB - Histamine has been implicated in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal ulcers. Since mast cells contain a considerable amount of histamine as well as heparin and other biologically active substances, it seems reasonable to speculate that they are involved in this process. In fact, development of gastroduodenal ulcers was reported in dogs with mastocytoma, and an increase in mast-cell number was described in the vicinity of human gastroduodenal ulcers. Y.K. et al. have recently found that the number of mast cells in a unit length of the skin of W/Wv mutant mice is less than 1% of the value for the congeneic +/+ mice and that no mast cells are detected in the intestinal canal of W/Wv mice. Therefore, this mutant mouse was used to investigate the role of mast cells in the induction of gastroduodenal ulcers. As a preliminary experiment, we examined the stomach and duodenum of W/Wv mice without any treatments. Unexpectedly, we found the spontaneous development of perforating stomach ulcers in W/Wv mice, suggesting that mast cells do not necessarily have aggravating effects on the production of stomach ulcers. PMID- 7354856 TI - Pacemaker currents in chick embryonic heart cells change with development. AB - The initial heartbeat of the chick embryo occurs shortly after the first day of incubation. The pacemaker of this beat originates in the region of the primitive heart destined to become sinoatrial tissue in the adult. Individual cells isolated from the atrial and ventricular portions of the embryonic heart are also capable of beating spontaneously at this stage. However, the intrinsic activity of these cells gradually diminishes from about day 7 until day 21 when the chick hatches. We have investigated these changes in automaticity by measuring membrane pacemaker currents with the voltage-clamp technique from aggregates of cells prepared from 7-, 12- and 17-day-old chick embryo cardiac ventricle. We report that there is a voltage and time dependent conductance at 7 days which is markedly reduced by 17 days. The reduction of this pacemaker current parallels the decrease of spontaneous activity in these preparations. PMID- 7354857 TI - Somatostatin production by rat cerebral neurones in dissociated cell culture. PMID- 7354859 TI - The beta-globin gene is on the short arm of human chromosome 11. AB - Investigations on the regulation of human globin gene expression are assisted by a knowledge of the chromosomal location of the globin genes. Previous studies have mapped the alpha-globin locus to human chromosome (HC) 16, and have shown that the human globin gene complex gamma-delta-beta co-segregates with lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) and the presence of HC 11 in somatic cell hybrids. Radioactively labelled globin complementary DNA (cDNA) probes were used in molecular hybridisation experiments to determine the chromosomal locations of the alpha- and beta-globin genes. When human x rodent somatic cell hybrids are used which contain well-defined parts of human chromosomes, direct mapping of genes of chromosomal regions or single bands is possible. We have regionally localised the human beta-globin gene using two sets of hybrid cell lines: (1) Chinese hamster x human hybrid cells containing the HC 11 long arm or both the short and long arms and (2) mouse x human hybrids containing only the HC 11 short arm. The techniques of liquid molecular hybridisation and Southern blotting with 32P-labelled human beta-globin cDNA (from plasmid JW102) have been used to localise the beta-globin gene sequence to region 11p11 leads to 11p15. Similar results were reported recently by Jeffreys et al. PMID- 7354860 TI - Oocytes in the testis. PMID- 7354858 TI - Cholesterol levels inversely reflect the thermal sensitivity of mammalian cells in culture. AB - Cholesterol is a primary component of the mammalian cell plasma membrane. Although its function is unknown, it may be of major importance in maintaining membrane fluidity and rigidity. In artificial membrane systems, the addition of cholesterol results in a condensing effect--thickening the bilayer and inducing higher order in the acyl chains of the phospholipids. Permeability profiles indicate that the addition of cholesterol into egg-lecithin bilayers increases the half-time of solute transport. In addition, decreased amounts of sterol in the membrane increase glucose permeability, and, in L cells, increase the transport of rubidium. These studies suggest a role for cholesterol in changing the physical characteristics of the membrane resulting in the alteration of membrane permeability. We now provide evidence that cholesterol may act, presumably via changes in physical membrane properties, with yet another biological consequence; regulating the survival sensitivity of mammalian cells to hyperthermic temperatures. PMID- 7354861 TI - Sequence-dependent variations in the backbone geometry of a synthetic DNA fibre. PMID- 7354862 TI - X-ray structure of the ternary complex Zn(II)-ATP-2,2'-bipyridyl and possible model for ATP transport. AB - Ternary complexes between metal ions, nucleotides and aromatic heterocyclic amines are being investigated by X-ray diffraction as possible models for enzyme metal-substrate interactions. Kennard and coworkers have reported the crystal structure of the ATP disodium salt. Although more recently several crystal structures of binary and ternary complexes between metal ions and nucleoside monophosphates have been reported, no structure combining metal complexes with nucleoside di- or triphosphates has been reported. Most divalent metal ions catalyse the nonenzymatic transfer of phosphate from nucleoside polyphosphates to various acceptors. Therefore, these compounds in water solution undergo extensive hydrolysis in the presence of metal ions, leading to the formation of the monophosphates; for instance, at pH 6.5, Cu2+ accelerates the hydrolysis of ATP by a factor of about 300 (ref. 5). We report here the crystal and molecular structure of the complex [Zn(II)-H2ATP-2,2'-bipyridyl]2.4H2O, determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. The complex molecule provides a possible model for ATP transport and phosphate group transfer mechanism. PMID- 7354863 TI - Sequence of a ribosomal RNA gene intron from Tetrahymena. AB - Recently, several genes coding for messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA in eukaryotes have been found to be interrupted in their coding regions by DNA sequences which are not represented in the mature RNA transcripts (see ref. 1 for review). Many of these intervening sequences, or introns, are now known to be transcribed in the precursor RNA, from which they are subsequently processed out to form the mature RNA. As the intron-exon junctions must in some way be recognised for accurate splicing, the nucleotide sequences of these regions from a number of protein-coding and tRNA genes have been analysed. Sequence homologies were found at the splice points of the protein-coding gene introns from diverse organisms, but the tRNA intron boundaries were not similar to these. This has led to the speculation that different splicing activities are necessary for the processing of introns in mRNA and tRNA precursors. We report here the sequence of a ribosomal RNA gene intron from Tetrahymena in which intron-exon junctions differ from those analysed to date. PMID- 7354864 TI - Left-handed DNA helices. AB - The synthetic DNA polymerpoly d(GC) . poly d(GC) has been studied by X-ray diffraction of orientated fibres in which it has either the well known (A or B) randed conformations have been observed with poly d(AC) . poly d(GT) and with poly d(As4T) . poly d(As4T), demonstrating that the novel structure is accessible to any DNA segment with an alternating purine-pyrimidine base sequence. PMID- 7354865 TI - Role of the surface carbohydrates in sperm-egg interaction in Ciona intestinalis. PMID- 7354866 TI - Dopamine depolarisation of mammalian primary afferent neurones. AB - Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the mammalian nervous system. As such, it is implicated in the aetiology and therapy of various disease conditions--for example, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, Huntington's disease and tardive dyskinesia. However, only limited electrophysiological information is presently available concerning dopamine receptors in the mammalian nervous system, and there are only three reports in which intracellular techniques have successfully recorded the action of DA on individual central neurones. In all cases, DA depolarised the respective neurones. In the periphery, DA is reported to hyperpolarise superior cervical ganglia. However, this hyperpolarisation has been shown to be due to activation of alpha-adrenoreceptors and not to a response of DA on a DA receptor. Peripheral DA actions have also been described presynaptically, but are difficult to study electrophysiologically for technical reasons. As a result, little is known at the membrane level about the effects of drugs thought to modulate or interact with DA receptors. In the present report, we describe a depolarising action for DA on the cat dorsal root ganglion. PMID- 7354867 TI - Black widow spider toxin-induced calcium fluxes and transmitter release in a neurosecretory cell line. AB - Several polypeptide neurotoxins affect presynaptic functions by interfering with chemical neurotransmission. This group of toxins includes botulinum toxin, tetanus toxin, beta-bungaro-toxin and black widow spider toxin (BWSTx). While the effect of the first three toxins is mainly a rapid and severe block of neurotransmitter release, BWSTx affects transmission by a massive stimulation of mediator release. Despite various hypotheses put forward to explain the action of BWSTx at the level of nerve terminals, there is still a considerable degree of uncertainty as to the cation dependence of venom action. Study of the toxin mode of action at the biochamical level has been hampered by the complexity and cellular heterogeneity of the preparations used, neuromuscular junction or synaptosomes. PC12 cell line, derived from a rat phaeochromocytoma, seems to be an excellent model in view of its property of synthesising and storing noradrenaline, dopamine and acetylcholine, and releasing them in depolarising conditions. We have recently shown that highly purified BWSTx stimulates secretion from PC12 cells of previously taken up radioactive dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) (ref. 14 and manuscript in preparation). We report here that the earliest detectable event after toxin treatment of such cells is a massive increase of cytosolic calcium. PMID- 7354868 TI - X-ray induced in vitro neoplastic transformation of human diploid cells. AB - Techniques have recently been developed to identify and score quantitatively neoplastic transformation caused by X rays in cultured cells derived from rodents. Because of their relevance to estimates of human cancer risk, it is clearly desirable to carry out similar experiments with cultured cells of human origin. The present report describes for the first time the neoplastic transformation in vitro of human diploid cells by X-ray irradiation into cells which can progress in vitro into advanced stages of neoplastic development, namely, to form colonies in agar and give rise to tumours when injected into nude mice. PMID- 7354869 TI - Vitamin B12 synthesis by human small intestinal bacteria. AB - In man, physiological amounts of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) are absorbed by the intrinsic factor mediated mechanism exclusively in the ileum. Human faeces contain appreciable quantities of vitamin B12 or vitamin B12-like material presumably produced by bacteria in the colon, but this is unavailable to the non coprophagic individual. However, the human small intestine also often harbours a considerable microflora and this is even more extensive in apparently healthy southern Indian subjects. We now show that at least two groups of organisms in the small bowel, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella sp., may synthesise significant amounts of the vitamin. PMID- 7354870 TI - A factor(s) in Klebsiella culture filtrates specifically modifies an HLA-B27 associated cell-surface component. PMID- 7354871 TI - How trypanosomes change coats. PMID- 7354873 TI - London medical colleges for the chop. PMID- 7354872 TI - Chemical company suppresses dioxin report. PMID- 7354874 TI - Sister chromatid exchange in cells metabolically coupled to Bloom's syndrome cells. PMID- 7354875 TI - Induction of sister chromatid exchanges by BUdR is largely independent of the BUdR content of DNA. AB - The halogenated thymidine (dT) analogue, 5-bromodeoxy-uridine (BUdR), has a variety of effects on mammalian cells, including toxicity, suppression of differentiation, and mutagenesis. Although it is generally assumed that the effects of BUdR are due primarily to its presence in DNA, results from our laboratory have raised doubts about such assumptions. We have shown, for example, that BUdR mutagenesis in mammalian cells is determined by the concentration of BUdR in the medium rather than in DNA, and that mutagenesis can be suppressed by deoxycytidine (dC) without changing the amount of BUdR in DNA. BUdR has also been shown to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in mammalian cells. Initial results suggested that the relationship between BUdR and SCEs might not be explained by a single factor, and various correlations between BUdR and SCEs have been proposed. However, the results to date have been inconclusive, because the experiments did not resolve as independent variables the concentration of BUdR in the medium and the amount of BUdR incorporated into nuclear DNA. We have now carried out experiments to resolve these two factors; the results indicate that the major factor in determining the frequency of SCEs is the concentration of BUdR in the medium. PMID- 7354876 TI - My specialty: orthopaedic surgery. PMID- 7354877 TI - Emotional effects of the Omaha tornado. PMID- 7354878 TI - The simple Pap smear. PMID- 7354879 TI - Epidermoid tumors--diagnostic dilemmas. Part I. PMID- 7354881 TI - Physostigmine reversal of delirium and coma. PMID- 7354880 TI - AV node interruption, permanent epicardial pacemaker insertion, and left ventricular aneurysmectomy. PMID- 7354882 TI - Subclavian vein single-needle dialysis in acute renal failure following vascular surgery. AB - Acute renal failure, following major surgery of the abdominal aorta, was managed in 3 patients using the subclavian vein for single-needle dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis could not be done, as the posterior peritoneum is violated. Blood access for hemodialysis also poses several problems. Percutaneous cannulization of the femoral vein is risky because of the possibility of accidental entry into the synthetic graft. The subclavian vein provides an alternate source of blood supply for single-needle dialysis in these high-risk postsurgical patients who have acute renal failure. Several advantages are described with this technique, including preservation of forearm vessels. Utmost care has to be taken during cannulization of the subclavian vein, as well as meticulous attention given, to prevent infection. PMID- 7354883 TI - Effects of propranolol on post-ischemic acute renal failure. AB - The effects of constant intravenous infusion of propranolol, 1 mg/kg/h, on acute renal failure produced by 1 h occlusion of the left renal artery in the rat were investigated by clearance and micropuncture techniques. Propranolol infusion resulted in a significantly smaller rise in proximal intratubular pressure than that observed following renal ischemia in the saline-infused group. When compared with saline-infused animals, this effectwas accompanied by a significant improvement in inulin clearance without commensurate increase in renal blood flow or stop flow pressure and suggests attenuation of intratubular obstruction by the drug. A complex metabolic effect may be involved. PMID- 7354884 TI - Obstructive uropathy in patients with nonvisualization on renal scan. AB - A retrospective review of 27 patients with nonvisualization on 131I orthoiodohippurate (Hippuran) renal scan during 1972--1977 was carried out. 5 patients had renal failure caused by urinary tract obstruction and of these, 4 were submitted to surgical relief. Varying levels of life-sustaining renal function were recovered in all 4 patients. 16 had chronic intrinsic renal disease, of whom 7 were admitted for reasons not directly related to renal failure. All of these required chronic dialysis within 3--6 months. The remaining 7 patients had acute renal failure (clinically, acute tubular necrosis) and none of them survived. It had been well established that the prognosis for recoverability of renal function is extremely poor in patients with nonvisualization on hippuran scan. It is important, therefore, to emphasize that nonvisualization on 131I-orthoiodohippurate renal scan in patients with urinary tract obstruction does not exclude the potential for recoverable renal function. Therefore, even in the absence of renal visualization, the need to definitively rule out urinary tract obstruction remains. PMID- 7354886 TI - H1- and H2-histamine receptor antagonists and induced release of prolactin in male rats. AB - The effects of 3rd ventricle injection of metiamide, an H2-histamine receptor antagonist and pyrilamine, an H1-histamine receptor antagonist, on the increase of plasma prolactin induced by two doses of histamine in normal male rats were studied. Metiamide did prevent the stimulating action of histamine whereas pyrilamine was not effective. Histamine-induced prolactin release was also blocked by low doses of the 2 antihistamines given in combination. Metiamide per se has no effect but high doses of pyrilamine increased plasma prolactin levels and augmented the hormone response to histamine. The results suggest mediation of H2-receptors in the facilitatory action of histamine on prolactin release. PMID- 7354885 TI - Gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin levels in patients with chronic renal failure on regular hemodialysis. AB - Previous studies of gastric secretory function and serum gastrin levels in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) have yielded conflicting results. In a study of 30 patients on regular hemodialysis, serum gastrin levels were higher than normal (p less than 0.05), and the gastric secretory response to pentagastrin was normal for the group as a whole. There were, however, 8 patients who were hypochlorhydric (4 achlorhydric) and 7 who were hyperchlorhydric. The patients with gastric hyposecretion were older, predominantly male and this group was associated with the highest gastrin levels as well as the highest incidence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Chronic gastritis is thus more common in CRF than generally believed and may be responsible for much of the morbidity from gastrointestinal complications during hemodialysis. PMID- 7354887 TI - Prolactin-releasing effect of domperidone in normoprolactinemic and hyperprolactinemic subjects. AB - The prolactin (PRL)-releasing effect of domperidone (DOM), a novel antidopaminergic drug which does not cross the blood-brain barrier, was investigated in normoprolactinemic subjects, in subjects with physiologic puerperal hyperprolactinemia or pathological hyperprolactinemia. DOM (4 mg i.v.), administered to 8 normoprolactinemic women, induced a clear-cut and sustained rise in plasma PRL, with peak levels occurring 15-30 min postinjection; the effect of the drug was also evident in 3 normoprolactinemic women at the dose of 0.25 mg i.v. Also in 8 puerperal women (postpartum day 2) intravenous administration of 4 mg DOM was followed by an increase in plasma PRL (51-517% of baseline levels, 15-45 min postinjection). Administration of DOM (4 mg i.v.) to 16 subjects with pathological hyperprolactinemia, evidenced the presence of 14 DOM-nonresponder (maximum percent increase of baseline PRL 48%) and 2 DOM responder subjects. In 8 of the DOM-nonresponder subjects the existence of a pituitary tumor was established at surgery by selective removal of an adenoma (7 subjects) or a teratoma (1 subject): of the 6 subjects who did not undergo surgery, 3 had biochemical and/or radiologic evidence suggestive of a PRL secreting tumor and 1 was acromegalic. These results indicate that DOM is capable of releasing PRL both in normoprolactinemic subjects and subjects with puerperal hyperprolactinemia. In contrast, DOM is unable to modify PRL levels in most subjects with pathological hyperprolactinemia, with proven or suspected pituitary tumors. PMID- 7354888 TI - Accelerated and enhanced testosterone secretion in juvenile male dogs following medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic lesions. AB - Lesions of the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic (MP-AH) continuum made in juvenile male dogs (10-11 weeks of age) were previously reported to reduce juvenile mounting and virtually eliminate male copulatory behavior in adulthood. The effects of these lesions on the developmental patterns of serum testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were examined in the present study. Subjects with MP-AH lesions (MP-AH subjects) had a pubertal rise in serum T almost 2 months before subjects with sham lesions (SHAM subjects). Subsequently mean serum T of MP-AH subjects rose to levels significantly higher than those of SHAM subjects before falling back to the normal 3-4 ng/ml range of SHAM subjects at 10 months. There was no apparent relationship between secretion of LH and the acceleration and enhancement of serum T. These observations indicate that there can be impairment of male sexual behavior with lesions that accelerate and enhance sexual functioning in other respects. PMID- 7354889 TI - Rat brain norepinephrine release during progesterone-induced LH secretion. AB - The administration of 1.5 mg of progesterone to ovariectomized estrogen-primed rats induced a surge in plasma norepinephrine (NE) preceding the pituitary LH release. The injection of reserpine (2 mg/kg) 2 h prior to progesterone completely blocked the progesterone effects on both NE and LH plasma surges. On the other hand, the adminitration of phenoxybenzamine prior to progesterone, blocked the steroid effect on LH without inhibiting the plasma NE rise. Contrarily, the alpha-blocker was able to induce a rapid increase in the amine levels 2 h after its injection. The determination of NE in the anterior hypothalamus of these rats revealed that simultaneously with the plasma NE rise induced by progesterone there was a fall in the hypothalamic amine levels. Both reserpine and phenoxybenzamine caused a depletion in the amine content of the anterior hypothalamus. In experiments measuring the arteriovenous difference in the concentration of NE across the brain following progesterone-induced LH release, it was found that most NE comes from the brain. The amine rise was evident in the jugular vein while the arterial NE concentration showed a slight increase. These findings raise the possibility that the changes in circulating NE may reflect an enhanced noradrenergic activity occurring in the brain from which the LH surge results. PMID- 7354890 TI - Participation of the dorsal hippocampus in the glucocorticoid feedback effect on adrenocortical activity. AB - The feedback effect of systemically administered dexamethasone on basal plasma corticosterone levels and on adrenocortical responses to ether plus skin incision stress were studied in intact rats and in animals with bilateral dorsal or ventral hippocampectomy or fimbria section. It was found that in rats with ventral hippocampectomy or fimbria section, the degree of the feedback was similar to that in intact rats. However, in animals with dorsal hippocampectomy, the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on basal and stress-induced adrenocortical responses was significantly reduced. These results taken together with previous observations, that section of the dorsal fornix has a similar effect, suggest that dexamethasone exerts its influence on the brain and that the dorsal hippocampal formation participates in the feedback regulation of pituitary adrenal function. It cannot be excluded, however, that dexamethasone may exert its influence on the pituitary, and the effect observed may be summation of dexamethasone action on the pituitary plus lack of hippocampal input. PMID- 7354891 TI - Prolactin-releasing effect of a novel anti-dopaminergic drug, domperidone, in the rat. PMID- 7354892 TI - Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomographic scanning. AB - In 47 cases of verified ruptured saccular aneurysm, we investigated the relationship of the amount and distribution of subarachnoid blood detected by computerized tomography to the later development of cerebral vasospasm. When the subarachnoid blood was not detected or was distributed diffusely, severe vasospasm was almost never encounters (1 of 18 cases). In the presence of subarachnoid blood clots larger than 5 X 3 mm (measured on the reproduced images) or layers of blood 1 mm or more thick in fissures and vertical cisterns, severe spasm followed almost invariably (23 of 24 cases). There was an almost exact correspondence between the site of the major subarachnoid blood clots and the location of severe vasospasm. Every patient with severe vasospasm manifested delayed symptoms and signs. Excellent correlation existed between the particular artery in vasospasm and the delayed clinical syndrome. Severe vasospasm involved the anterior cerebral artery in 20 cases and the middle cerebral artery in only 14. As the grading system used is partly subjective, the findings should be regarded as preliminary. The results, if confirmed, indicate that blood localized in the subarachnoid space in sufficient amount at specific sites is the only important etiological factor in vasospasm. It should be possible to identify patients in jeopardy from vasospasm and institute early preventive measures. (Neurosurgery, 6: 1--9, 1980) PMID- 7354893 TI - Microsurgical anatomy of the superior cerebellar artery. AB - Fifty cerebellar hemispheres from 25 adult cadavers were examined. The superior cerebellar artery (SCA) was present in each of the 50 hemispheres. Forty-three SCAs arose as a single trunk, and 7 arose as duplicate trunks. One solitary trunk and the rostral trunk of one duplicate vessel arose from the posterior cerebral artery. The remainder arose from the basilar artery. The SCA was divided into four segments: the anterior pontomesencephalic segment lay below the oculomotor nerve; the lateral pontomesencephalic segment course; below the trochlear and above the trigeminal nerve; the cerebellomesencephalic segment coursed in the groove between the cerebellum and the upper brain stem; and the cortical segment was distributed to the cerebellar surface. The SCAs arising as a single trunk bifurcated into a rostral and a caudal trunk, corresponding to the runks formed by a duplicate origin. The rostral trunk supplied the medial and the caudal trunk supplied the lateral parts of the cerebellar cortex. The SCA gave off perforating, precerebellar, and cortical arteries. The perforating arteries penetrated the interpeduncular fossa, the cerebral peduncles, the junctions of the superior and middle cerebellar peduncles, and the colliculi. The precerebellar branches arose within the cerebellomesencephalic groove and supplied the adjoining parts of the cerebellum and brain stem. The cortical branches were divided into vermian, hemispheric, and marginal arteries. The 50 SACs had points of contact with 32 oculomotor, 46 trochlear, and 26 trigeminal nerves. (Neurosurgery, 6: 10--28, 1980) PMID- 7354894 TI - Spinal drainage using ureteral catheters. PMID- 7354895 TI - Needle biopsy of intracranial lesions guided by computerized tomography. PMID- 7354896 TI - Closed irrigation-suction technic in lumbar laminectomy infections. PMID- 7354897 TI - Giant cell tumors of the spine: a clinical study of six cases, with emphasis on the radiological features, treatment, and follow-up. AB - Six cases of giant cell tumor of the spine are reported. Based on cases reported in the literature and on their personal experience, the authors stress the difficulty of making a proper differential diagnosis between giant cell tumor and other giant cell variants (i.e., aneurysmal bone cyst and benign osteoblastoma) on the basis of the clinicoradiological findings alone. It is pointed out that the disappointing recurrence rate of about 50% for giant cell tumors in ordinary locations (such as the long bones) and in the sacrum is remarkably decreased when these tumors involve the movable part of the vertebral column; giant cell tumors above the level of the sacrum have a better prognosis. (Neurosurgery, 6: 29--34, 1980)] PMID- 7354898 TI - Hydranencephaly versus maximal hydrocephalus: an important clinical distinction. AB - To define better the syndromes of hydranencephaly and maximal hydrocephalus, we followed 10 neonates demonstrating (by computerized tomography) virtual absence of the cerebral substance with serial computerized tomographic (CT) scans, electroencephalograms (EEGs), and developmental evaluations. The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 23 months. Two well-defined syndromes emerged. Five patients showed absence of cortical activity on EEG and a CT picture of minimal occipital brain parenchyma connected by a thin bridge of tissue to intact basal ganglia. These patients were shunted and showed no improvement with time, either neurologically or radiologically. Five patients showed minimal frontal cerebral mantle on CT and the presence of electrical activity on EEG. These patients required bilateral shunts to control head size and showed remarkable progress with time. Serial CT scans demonstrated the appearance of considerable brain substance, and neurological development was either normal or slightly delayed. We believe that the former pattern of only minimal occipital brain and absent EEG activity defines true hydranencephaly, whereas the presence of small amounts of frontal brain tissue associated with EEG activity seems to represent maximal hydrocephalus. The differences in CT pattern, EEG, and clinical progress all suggest a different pathophysiology for these two conditions. (Neurosurgery, 6: 35--38, 1980). PMID- 7354899 TI - Intrauterine constraint and craniosynostosis. AB - Intrauterine constraint is responsible for a number of structural defects of the craniofacial and peripheral skeleton including plagiocephaly, micrognathia, congenital hip dislocation, and talipes equinovarus. This report describes five infants with serious craniofacial alterations, all attributable to intrauterine constraint. All five children had clinical and laboratory evidence strongly suggestive of craniosynostosis. In three of the five, sutural fusion was documented either at operation or at necropsy. In the other two the clinical course indicated that true synostosis was not present. In all cases the sutural involvement corresponded to the dimension in which head growth had been restricted. This determaination was based upon an assessment of the other craniofacial alterations that were present. The etiology of the intrauterine constrain was different in each case. Factors involved included breech presentation, primagravidity, uterine malformations, amniotic bands, and defects in fetal neuromuscular development, all of which are known to produce fetal deformations. As further evidence of severe constraint, fetal activity was greatly reduced during four of the five pregnancies. There was no history of craniosynostosis in other family members. We propose that in utero compression may lead to a spectrum of craniofacial defects that includes craniosynostosis when the constraint is particularly prolonged. The data suggest that mechanical forces may play a role in the etiology of some cases of craniosynostosis. The fact that head shape spontaneously remolded in one of the five cases suggests further that surgical correction may not be required in all cases in which constraint is the suspected etiology of the deformation. (Neurosurgery, 6: 39-44, 1980). PMID- 7354900 TI - Effect of the dural application of Zenker's solution on the feline brain. AB - Zenker's solution is a tissue fixative containing mercuric chloride, potassium bichromate, sodium sulfate, and glacial acetic acid. In 1956, Anderson and Johnson reported its use in clinical neurosurgery. They applied the solution to the exposed dura after craniectomy. Delayed bone formation was thought to be due to the suppression of the osteoblastic activity of the outer layer of the dura. The fixative has since become a well-accepted adjuvant to the treatment of craniosynostosis. In 1972, Pawl and Sugar reported postoperative seizures in 6 of 34 patients treated with this solution. They assumed that the fixative penetrated the dura and irritated or damaged the cortex. To clarify the effect of Zenker's solution on the underlying brain, we performed bilateral parasagittal craniectomies in a group of kittens and adult cats. Zenker's solution was applied to one side and the other side served as a control. The animals were killed after periods varying from 24 hours to 2 months. We then examined the cortex under the craniectomies. There was immediate breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, as evidenced by the penetration of intravenous Evans blue. In the postoperative period investigated, an inflammatory response in the underlying brain with thickening of the arachnoid occurred. The results and implications of these experiments are presented. (Neurosurgery, 6: 45--48, 1980) PMID- 7354901 TI - Large arachnoid cysts at the cranial base. AB - Two infants who presented with macrocephaly had very large noncommunicating cysts at the cranial base that were displacing the brain. Only one of the patients was hydrocephalic; he eventually underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunting after craniotomy and attempted internal drainage of the cyst. The other infant had a cystoperitoneal shunt. Both have done well after 4 and 6 years of follow-up, respectively. These large arachnoid cysts are bilateral lesions with the potential for severe surgical complications and a questionable possibility of cure. The authors recommend systematic radiological investigation to decide the appropriate therapy, including an analysis of the patency of the subarachnoid pathways with radionuclide cisternography and cystography. Simple cystoperitoneal shunting may be the appropriate therapy for most of these large lesions. (Neurosurgery, 6: 76--81, 1980). PMID- 7354902 TI - Effect of radiation therapy on hemangioblastoma: a case report and review of the literature. AB - A case of medullary hemangioblastoma treated with radiation and operation is presented. After radiation a 55% decrease in the volume of the vascular portion of the tumor was documented by angiograms. Also, there were planes of dissection between the tumor and the dorsal medulla that had not been appreciated at exploratory operation before radiation. Total resection of the tumor was accomplished using hypothermia and cardiac standstill. The literature detailing the effects of radiation on hemangioblastoma is reviewed. (Neurosurgery, 6: 82- 86, 1980) PMID- 7354903 TI - Ligation of the basilar artery as the definitive treatment for a giant aneurysm of the basilar artery apex: case report. PMID- 7354904 TI - Severe vasospasm with an unruptured aneurysm: case report. PMID- 7354905 TI - Shunt position within the brain stem: a preventable complication. PMID- 7354906 TI - Multi-aspects classification of mental disorders (MACM). A solution to the present confusion in the international classification mental disorders. AB - The international classification of mental disorders (ICD-8) presented by the WHO has not been accepted in all countries and where it is used, local adjustments are made and sometimes parallel classification models are used. The diagnostic system has also been criticized as lacking in exactness and consistency and the reliability between diagnosticians has been shown to be low. As a consequence, international communication is made difficult and research is hampered. This problem is particularly relevant in the field of biological research. In fact, it can be suspected that most inconsistencies as regards results obtained in different places might depend upon an inconsistent use of the current diagnostic labels. A possible solution of this problem can be the use of a multiaspect classification model. Such a multiaspect model (MACM) including four variables - symptomatology, severity, course and supposed etiopathogenesis - has been tested for several years at Umea. MACM is shown to be easly to communicate both in undergraduate training and in ternational communication. The reliability between diagnosticians is found to range from 56 to 82% as compared to 22-36% as concerns ICD-8. It is also shown that fairly homogeneous groups, both regarding course, supposed etiopathogenesis and biological basis, can be formed and that MACM seems to bear temporal stability. Computer programming of MACM diagnoses is as possible as with ICD-8 diagnoses. Furthermore, when Macm is used in clinical routine work, much more information valid in administrative routines is stored than what is possible when ICD-8 is used. PMID- 7354907 TI - 24-hour rhythm of human plasma noradrenaline and the effect of fusaric acid, a dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor. AB - A 24-hour of basal noradrenaline (NA) levels in normal human plasma in the supine position was observed; higher NA levels during daytime and lower NA levels at night, especially early in the morning. This pattern of the 24-hour rhythm of plasma NA levels was similar to that of serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) levels. After oral administration of fusaric acid, a DBH inhibitor, the rhythm changed, and plasma NA levels increased at 3 h and returned to the initial level at 23 h. In contrast, plasma DBH activity was markedly inhibited during 23 h after fusaric acid administration. PMID- 7354908 TI - Pharmacological effects of p-chloroamphetamine with respect to current amine hypotheses of affective disorders. AB - The effects of p-chloroamphetamine (pCA) on the regional distribution of dopamine, noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine in rat brain were studied at both 3 and 30 days after a single injection. It was found that pCA has no significant effect on the levels of dopamine or noradrenaline at either of the times studied. Conversely pCA had an effect on the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine but the effect was both time and area dependent. pCA has been shown to be an effective antidepressant. Since the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine were reduced in all areas studied and there was no effect on the levels of the two catecholamines, the results found in the study do not support an amine hypothesis in which these transmitters are implicated. PMID- 7354909 TI - The effects of lithium chloride on spontaneous alternation behaviour in the goldfish (Carassius auratus). AB - Spontaneous alternation behaviour of goldfish was observed in a two-unit T maze. Whilst significant degrees of alternation occurred under both lithium and sodium treatment, alternation under lithium was significantly lower than under sodium. In a second experiment it was shown that lithium increased the amount of random or erratic behaviour demonstrated by fish. The effects of lithium on spontaneous alternation were fully explained by a lithium-induced increase in randomness of activity, without recourse to any assumption that lithium affected memory traces. PMID- 7354910 TI - Reactive depression: a follow-up. AB - 93 cases of reactive depression have been followed up in order to investigate the long-term course of illness. By independent classification of reactive and endogenous depressions the authors agreed on diagnosis for 94%. Ten subgroups of reactive depressions are illustrated by case histories. It is of practical importance to establish the clinical diagnosis of reactive depression because these states are different from endogenous depressions with regard to pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment. PMID- 7354912 TI - Metrizamide lumbar epidurography with Seldinger Technique through the sacral notch and selective nerve root injection. AB - Lumbar epidurography serves as an important radiographic procedure in the evaluation of patients with equivocal myelography and confusing or non-diagnostic physical findings. It is particularly valuable in patients with a wide ventral epidural space secondary to previous surgery, arachnoiditis or on a congenital basis. Several techniques and various contrast agents have been employed for the procedure. A pure Seldinger technique with a caudal approach through the sacral hiatus and injection of metrizamide gives excellent visualization of the epidural space and nerve root sleeves. The proper concentration of metrizamide is crucial for optimal results. Lateral, AP, and AP oblique radiographs, occasionally combined with lateral, complex motion tomography, clearly demonstrate the root sleeves and ventral epidural space. CT scanning, with present technology, does not provide the necessary detail for evaluating the epidural space. PMID- 7354911 TI - Urinary MHPG in subgroups of depressed patients and normal controls. AB - 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), the urinary metabolite thought best to reflect brain norepinephrine metabolism, was studied in a large group of hospitalized depressed patients with primary affective disorder and in normal controls, as part of an ongoing effort to evaluate the role of central amine dysfunction in affective illness. Overall there was no difference in MHPG between the depressed patients and controls. Hosever, within the depressed population the bipolar patients excreted significantly less MHPG than the unipolars and, as a group, the male bipolar patients had significantly lower MHPG than male controls. MHPG correlated positively with age, age of onset, rating of anxiety and psychosis and, most importantly, with systolic blood pressure. These data support the concept of biological heterogeneity among individuals with major depressive disorders. However, the relationship between MHPG excretion and various psychological and physiological parameters is both intriguing and complex and warrants careful interpretation. PMID- 7354913 TI - Related anomalies of origin of left vertebral and left inferior thyroid arteries: report of three cases. AB - The known rare occurrence of related anomalies of origin of vertebral and inferior thyroid arteries appears not to be documented in the angiographic literature. Three cases with manifestation on the left side are presented. Embryology is discussed briefly. Knowledge of such anomalies is of importance to surgeons as well as angiographers. PMID- 7354914 TI - An analysis of 113 intracranial infections. AB - The location, source of infection, and CT characteristics of 90 intracerebral abscesses and 23 subdural empyemas are reported with special regard to capsule enhancement and surrounding cerebral edema. PMID- 7354916 TI - Metrizamide enhanced CT in hydrosyringomyelia. AB - The exact evaluation of a hydrosyringomyelic cyst by metrizamide enhanced CT is reported. After intraventricular injection of metrizamide and overflow of contrast medium in the central canal of the spinal cord, CT scan revealed the exact shape and extension of the cyst from C0 to T7. PMID- 7354917 TI - Anomalous foramen transversarium of C2 simulating erosion of bone. AB - A case is reported of a patient with nocturnal myoclonus and weakness of the left arm in whom a round defect was seen in the arch of C2 on the left side. Vertebral angiogram revealed that this was caused by an anomalous course of the vertebral artery and not by an aneurysm. A similar location of this foramen was found in nine of 100 cases reviewed. PMID- 7354915 TI - Computed tomography in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. AB - The computed tomography (CT) findings in a verified case of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) are presented. CT revealed diffuse and severe cerebral atrophy, reflected by generalized subarachnoid space enlargement and symmetric ventricular dilatation. There was no evidence of abnormalities of the white matter. The CT features in our case of NCL correspond perfectly with the neuropathologic changes of the disease mentioned in the literature. Furthermore, CT is of considerable help in differentiating between those inherited metabolic brain diseases characterized primarily by white matter involvement and those presenting predominantly with changes of grey matter. PMID- 7354918 TI - Partial regressive occipital vertebra. AB - Craniocervical developmental anomalies can be quite varied and many involve the proatlas and its remnants. A previously undescribed variant consisting of a remnant of the proatlas and its transverse processes is reported and the developmental anatomy of this region is summarized. PMID- 7354919 TI - Bifrontal epidural haematoma after shunt operation and posterior fossa exploration: report of a case with survival. AB - A case of bifrontal epidural haematoma secondary to ventriculocardiac (Spitz Holter) shunt operation and posterior fossa exploration is reported. The relevant literature has been reviewed. The diagnosis of this complication was made by CT scan. PMID- 7354920 TI - Membrane stain in chronic subdural hematoma: a rare angiographic sign. A case report. AB - Chronic subdural hematoma is diagnosed angiographically by the presence of an avascular zone as a result of medial displacement of the cerebral surface vessels from the inner table. A rare angiographic sign, membrane stain, is reported in a case of chronic subdural hematoma. The stain is presumed to represent the vascular membrane of the chronic subdural hematoma. PMID- 7354921 TI - [Surgical treatment of cerebrovascular insufficiency (CVI)]. PMID- 7354922 TI - [Determination of immunoglobulins in the aged. Normal range and changes in pathological conditions]. AB - Serum IgA, IgG and IgM values in 238 normal aged subjects were compared with those in 100 normal adults. Both male and female aged subjects displayed a significant rise in IgA and a significant fall in IgM, whereas IgG values were not markedly different. It was found that IgA increased and IgM decrease by an average of 12 mg % and 10 mg % (17 mg % in the aged) per decade respectively. Values were also determines in 597 aged hospital patients and related to the disease for which they were admitted. Increases in all three Igs were noted in sclerotic cardiopathy, chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency, acute broncopneumopathy (IgA increase only in chronic forms), and gastroduodenal ulcer. Diverticulosis of the colon and acute pancreatitis, however, were accompanied by elevated IgA values only. Increases were particularly marked in chronic liver disease, less so in diseases of the gallbladder. Neoplasia was usually accompanied by higher Ig levels. PMID- 7354923 TI - [Problems of physiopathology of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. The "colonopathies"]. PMID- 7354924 TI - [Study of aspecific bronchial reactivity in subjects with allergic diseases and in bronchial asthma patients]. AB - A study has been carried out on the effect of inhalatory metacholine in a series of 29 subjects, 10 of whom were normal, 11 asthmatic and 8 non-asthmatic allergopathics. Respiratory alterations were studied using 8 functional parameters designed to highlight the behaviour of the major and minor airways respectively. Metacholine at very high doses was studied in normal subjects, demonstrating its lack of effect at respiratory level. The functional behaviour of the allergopathics proved to differ from that of the asthmatics and was characterized essentially by a diminution in low expiratory flows unassociated with clinical signs or functional involvement of the main airways. The meaning of the results and their possible clinical importance are discussed. PMID- 7354925 TI - [Fever in the course of malignant tumors]. AB - Fever may be an early symptom or the only symptom of malignant tumour. It is then regarded as paraneoplastic. Endoscopy, needle biopsy and even laparotomy must be associated with general examination in the diagnosis of such tumours in patients with fever of obscure aetiology. PMID- 7354926 TI - [Modern trends in antibiotic therapy of difficult infections: amikacin sulfate. A meeting held in Naples with Professor Fernando De Ritis as Chairman]. PMID- 7354927 TI - [Oncology in Brazil]. PMID- 7354928 TI - [Immunosuppressive action and effects of amethopterin on the lymphoid tissue of the rabbit appendix]. AB - Effects of amethopterin (MTX) on lymphoid tissue of rabbit appendix have been evaluated. The drug caused an evident depletion of lymphoid cells. This finding suggested the relevance of cytotoxicity in the mechanism of immune suppression. Discontinuation of drug treatment demonstrated a tendency toward the reorganization of the lymphoid tissue. PMID- 7354929 TI - [Post-irradiation lesions of the brachial plexus]. AB - A series of 60 cases in which a departure was made from the usual chronological distribution of preoperative radiation doses for breast cancer is presented. Tardive lesions were noted in the brachial plexus in 33 cases. Their incidence was higher in patients who had received larger dose fractions over a shorter total period. The progress of these lesions was barely influenced by medical and physical management. The underlying pathogenetic problems are examined, with particular reference to the radiotherapeutic technique and dose fractionation. Agreement is expressed with the opinion of other workers that the risk of such lesions can be kept down by employing a scrupulously careful technique, and employing total doses of 4.500-5.500 rads in 5-6 weeks. The conventional pattern of 5 weekly sessions should not be too widely departed from. PMID- 7354930 TI - [Prevention in the evolutive age. Meeting in Turin held by the Institute and by the Society of Social Medicine. A round-table discussion of environmental factors]. PMID- 7354931 TI - [Epidemiological evaluation of thromboembolic risk. Critical review of the prospects offered by determination of antithrombin III]. AB - Authors review the epidemiology of deep venous thrombosis and the prothrombotic state in high risk patients; particularly antithrombin III role in blood clotting is considered. A fall in antithrombin III concentration and/or activity can induce hypercoagulability and thrombosis. Moreover authors stress the need to evaluate antithrombin III as anti-Xa activity, to detect high risk patients for deep venous thrombosis. PMID- 7354932 TI - [Usefulness of the determination of serum and cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins in the diagnosis of nervous system pathology]. AB - Liquor and serum at the same time were examined in 61 subjects suffering from neurological diseases. Stress is laid on the dosage of IgG and albumina in liquor as well as in serum. The results obtained are considered as useful to the diagnosis in various diseases of the nervous system. PMID- 7354933 TI - [Mechanisms and levels of airway obstruction in bronchial asthma. I]. PMID- 7354934 TI - [Diagnosis and specific desensitizing treatment of allergic asthma]. PMID- 7354935 TI - [Reimplantation of the areola and nipple in mastectomy operations for breast carcinoma]. AB - The technique for the application of areola and nipple in the mastectomy for the mammary carcinoma is proposed. It is pointed out that the preservation of the nipple with its areola is psychologically important for the patient. It is also showed how the application of a silicone prosthesis, volumetrically restoring the extirpated tissue, is afterwards possible. During the operation, a disk of tissue is drawn under nipple and areola and histologically tested; if this tissue certainly results without neoplastics cells, the reapplication is achieved. PMID- 7354936 TI - [Primary carcinoma of the gastric stump. 7 clinical cases]. PMID- 7354937 TI - [Statistical studies of the bilaterality of malignant tumors of the thyroid]. PMID- 7354938 TI - [Long-term results of primary choledochal-jejunal anastomosis]. AB - Long term of Roux en Y choledochojejunostomy evaluation, performed for choledocholithiasis, inflammatory or neoplastic common bile duct strictures. However the anathomopathological situations are different, when the indication is right, this kind of surgical management shows all its effectiveness also for the low mortality and the absence of long term complications. PMID- 7354939 TI - [Idiopathic myelofibrosis. Clinical case report]. PMID- 7354940 TI - [Hemorrhagic pulmonary syndrome secondary to disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 7354941 TI - [Pancytopenia with an autoimmune hemolytic component and marked anti-I serum activity]. PMID- 7354942 TI - [Bronchial asthma in subjects with positive skin reactions to seeds of edible legumes]. PMID- 7354943 TI - [Refresher course in surgery. Lesson 20. Acute and chronic suppurations of the anal region]. PMID- 7354944 TI - [Transcutaneous renal needle-biopsy guided with ultrasonics]. AB - Authors performed percutaneous renal biopsy guided by ultrasounds in 10 patients in whom urography was dangerous or did not provided good renal images. The advantages of this method are in the directional and dimensional accuracy of ultrasound scanning, so that the exact topography of the kidney can be established. The use of ultrasonically guided renal biopsy is mainly recommended in iodine medium idiosyncrasy, in myelomas and renal failure. This method can be preferred in order to establish the exact topography of kidney, in acute anuric renal failure, in chronic failure (when high doses of iodate contrast are needed), and in the presence of cyst. PMID- 7354945 TI - [Epidemiology of tumors of the lung]. AB - Examination of tumour epidemiology shows that among all cancers, lung cancer is the one growing most rapidly. Oncogenous substances are examined, particularly tobacco and atmospheric pollutants in general; the oncogenous action of silica is also interesting. Lung cancer is growing particularly in the female sex, a fact which is correlated with the increase of women smokers and the use of oestroprogestinics. PMID- 7354946 TI - [Bile lipid composition in subjects with blood lipid disorders (types II and IV). Effect of a new hypolipemic drug (Etofibrate)]. AB - The biliary lithogenous index before and after treatment with Etofibrate, a new hypolipaemizing substance, has been assessed in dyslipidaemic subjects (ypes II and IV). Etofibrate is the result of the association of a molecule of clofibrate and one of nicotinic acid. An analysis of relative molar concentrations of biliary lipides showed that subjects with type IV and IIb dyslipidaemia produced lithogenous bile in base condition, unlike subjects with type IIa dyslipidaemia. After 28 days of treatment with Etofibrate (900 mg/die) a clear-cut increase was observed in the biliary lithogenous index in all types of dyslipidaemia examined. PMID- 7354947 TI - [Ribostamycin in chronic and recurrent bronchopulmonary and urinary infections]. AB - Results in the treatment of mostly Gram-negative infections of the respiratory apparatus (30 subjects) and the urinary apparatus (20 subjects) with ribostamycin are reported. These were regarded as good overall, as shown by the bacteriological findings. An extremely high sensitivity to the antibiotic was noted in isolated germs from both types of infection. This good response in vitro was matched by an equally encouraging bacteriological result in vivo. PMID- 7354948 TI - [Return to the home environment and to work of the patient treated with portacaval anastomsosis]. AB - Social and occupational reinsertion is examined with reference to a series of 137 patients subjected to side-to-side porto-cava anastomosis for portal hypertension due to cirrhosis of the liver. Postoperative occupational reinstatement was possible in a group of patients (39.42%) who had been compelled to work less on account of haemorrhages. Considering the seriousness of the operation and the long convalescence required, there was a good overall recommencement of occupational activity (73.72%). The view is expressed that continuous contact with the hospital is essential, since this will more readily ensure that the basic hygienic and dietetic rules applicable to the patient are respected. In addition, it is felt that the patient should be required to lead as normal a life as possible, in spite of his underlying liver alteration. PMID- 7354949 TI - Assessment of the red eye. PMID- 7354950 TI - Alcohol withdrawal. AB - Nurses involved in primary health care are called upon to assess the patient who may present with signs and symptoms of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The purposes of this article are to define the alcohol withdrawal syndrome in terms of its two major phases, to review the underlying pathophysiology of the clinical manifestations, to describe conditions and influences which complicate and/or aggravate the syndrome, and to provide the reader with a rational approach to assessment of a patient in acute alcohol withdrawal. The rationale for general treatment measures is briefly discussed. PMID- 7354951 TI - Peer review among rural clinics. AB - One goal of nursing has always been to improve the quality of health care. This goal has resulted in myriad attempts to evaluate both nurses and nursing care, determine outcomes and goals, establish criteria, and develop measurement tools. Since Derryberry first documented the evaluation of nursing care in 1939, evaluations have focused on the provider, the consumer, the outcomes, and the process of providing care; but all have had as their central purpose the benefit of the client through the improvement of health care. The importance of quality assurance is reflected not only in nursing literature, but also in the recent development of PSROs, Medicaid/Medicare regulations, certification, and mandatory continuing education for health professionals. At the 1978 American Nurses' Association Convention, the House of Delegates pledged "to work aggressively on improving the quality of health care, and that of nursing care in particular, through peer review." PMID- 7354952 TI - Child health maintenance. PMID- 7354954 TI - Physicians and nurses: two kinds of practitioners. PMID- 7354953 TI - The rageful patient. PMID- 7354955 TI - Physician-nurse relationship from the physician viewpoint. PMID- 7354956 TI - Warts: the bane of our existence--even in children. PMID- 7354957 TI - Recent concepts in eye disease. PMID- 7354958 TI - Posterior and anterior tibial arterial bypass following tibial fracture. PMID- 7354960 TI - Presidential perspectives Communications, credibility, and public image. PMID- 7354961 TI - High blood pressure--an office reminder. PMID- 7354959 TI - Tennis elbow syndrome: results of the "lateral release" procedure. PMID- 7354962 TI - Insurance for life with tax-free dollars. PMID- 7354963 TI - Injuries to young athletes. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Pediatric aspects of Physical Fitness, Recreation, and Sports. PMID- 7354964 TI - Transcutaneous bilirubinometry: preliminary studies of noninvasive transcutaneous bilirubin meter in the Okayama National Hospital. AB - A new noninvasive bilirubinometer (Tc BM), which measures transcutaneous bilirubin level of the newborn, was developed as a joint effort by the present authors and the Minolta Camera Company, Ltd. A series of linear relationships were found to exist between total serum bilirubin concentration and yellowish skin color intensity in both term and low-birth-weight infants of Japanese ancestry. The instrument was examined for precision, accuracy, and technique dependence. From these resulting relationships, it can be concluded that the transcutaneous bilirubin measurement is precise and accurate, and will become an alternative to the routine procedures used to measure serum bilirubin concentration in the near future. Although the values obtained during phototherapy or postexchange stage do not correlate well with serum bilirubin measurement, transcutaneous bilirubin will be accepted by the general nursery staffs because of its potential screening value. PMID- 7354965 TI - School influences on children's behavior and development: the 1979 Kenneth Blackfan Lecture, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston. PMID- 7354966 TI - Observations of paternal response to sudden unanticipated infant death. AB - Support provided to families experiencing the loss of an infant to sudden infant death syndrome has focused on the description of maternal bonding and the consequences to the mother. However fathers also develop significant relationships with their infants, and their responses to the unanticipated loss of their children may be different than those of mothers. In this study 28 fathers who lost infants to SIDS appeared to have identifiable patterns of behavior which were more peculiar to men: (1) the necessity to "keep busy" with increased work; (2) feelings of diminished self-worth; (3) self-blame because of lack of "care" involvement; and (4) a limited ability to ask for help. That men should be stoic and less emotional and that one need not be concerned with the reactions of fathers appears to be a reflection of societal attitudes. However, these paternal behaviors, which emerge at a time of crisis and which obstruct full expression of grief, may unwittingly be promoted by medical and health care providers who are anxious to help fathers fulfill societal expectations of masculine strength. PMID- 7354968 TI - Resurgence of nutritional rickets associated with breast-feeding and special dietary practices. AB - Ten cases of nutritional rickets seen over a 10-month period are reviewed. The salient clinical features are summarized, and the striking association with unsupplemented breast-feeding, fad diets, and lack of immunizations is discussed. The importance of recognizing such associated practices for purposes of early diagnosis and intervention is stressed. PMID- 7354967 TI - Increased lead absorption in inner city children: where does the lead come from? AB - Pica for lead-containing paint has been questioned as the principal mechanism for the widespread moderately elevated blood lead levels (30 to 80 microgram/100 ml) in inner city children. This study explored the hypothesis that lead-contaminated household dust is a major source of lead for these children; hand contamination and repetitive mouthing is the proposed mechanism of ingestion. Forty-nine inner city children with blood lead 40 to 70 microgram/100 ml were matched with 50 children with blood lead less than or equal to 29 microgram/100 ml from the same inner city environment. House dust lead and lead on hands were found in significantly greater quantity among experimental subjects. Other factors differed between groups; lead content of peeling paint, soil lead, and pica affected more experimental than control children, but did not account for more than 50% of experimental cases. The cause of moderate blood lead elevation is multifactoral: no single source accounted for all children with elevated levels. However, lead contamination of house dust and hands appears to be a major factor in this condition. PMID- 7354969 TI - Relactation: a study of 366 cases. AB - Relactation is resumption of breast-feeding following cessation or significant decrease in milk production. It may be appropriate following an untimely weaning from the breast or the hospitalization and subsequent separation of mother and infant. Relactation includes encouraging the low-birth-weight infant to nurse after the baby is able to suckle. Preparation for relactation includes breast and nipple stimulation, supplementation of the maternal diet, and occasional use of exogenous hormones. The baby's willingness to suck is related to infant age at the time of relactation. Most babies older than 3 months are less willing to suck than younger infants. If the baby is of low birth weight, the length of time before the breast can be introduced also affects infant responsiveness. Three fourths of the study participants evaluated their experience positively. Neither the length of time the infant was nursed nor the need for supplemental fluids during relactation was related to the mother's evaluation of her experience. Most mothers stressed the importance of nursing to the mother-infant relationship. Milk production was less often a goal and, when so specified, it was likely to influence the mother to evaluate her experience negatively and to result in difficulty in achieving a total milk supply. PMID- 7354970 TI - Fat-soluble vitamin concentrations in hypercholesterolemic children treated with colestipol. AB - In summary: (1) Colestipol therapy plus diet reduced total cholesterol 19 +/- 3% in 11 hypercholesterolemic children after two months and 13 +/- 5% after two years in five children. (2) Diet therapy did not significantly reduce serum concentration of any of the fat-soluble vitamins or folate. (3) During 24 months of colestipol therapy plus diet serum vitamin A and E concentrations did decrease in the five patients with good drug adherence (vitamin A, 68 +/- 11 vs 35 +/- 4 microgram/100 ml, P less than .005) (vitamin E, 14 +/- 1 vs 11 +/- 1 microgram/ml, P less than .05). However, those concentrations remained within normal limits. (4) Colestipol therapy plus diet had no effect on prothrombin time, serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, folate, or calcium metabolism (as studied by sequential determination of serum total and ionized calcium phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone). PMID- 7354972 TI - Personality development and familial dysautonomia. AB - The study sought to establish baselines for personality and frequency of psychopathology in familial dysautonomia (FD). Fifty FD patients, aged 6 to 28 years, served as subjects. FD subjects in all age ranges manifest neurotic patterns, but show no greater incidence of more severe pathology than is found in the general population. the arrested psychologic development seen in FD is described, together with the phenomenon of periodic lapses in judgment. The organic impairment of cognitive functions is discussed. Recommendations for treatment are proposed. PMID- 7354971 TI - Tracheal asiration and its clinical correlates in the diagnosis of congenital pneumonia. AB - Tracheal aspirates were obtained from 320 newborns with respiratory distress and one or more perinatal risk factors for infection. Samples were obtained before 8 hours of age, either by direct aspiration or immediately following intubation. Twenty-five infants had bacteria present in the aspirate smear. In each case a pure culture of the organism suspected by smear morphology was grown. The same organism was isolated from blood in 14 of the 25 newborns suspected of having pneumonia. The remaining 11 infants had clinical courses, depressed mature neutrophil counts, and elevated band to total neutrophil ratios consistent with bacterial infection. Twenty-five infants without bacteria in the tracheal aspirate smear were randomly selected as a comparison group. Three of these infants had positive blood cultures, and one of the three also grew the same organism from the tracheal aspirate. The chest radiograph was abnormal in all infants but did not discriminate patients with or without pneumonia. We conclude that examination of the tracheal aspirate obtained within the first 8 hours of age is helpful in the early diagnosis of congenital pneumonia. PMID- 7354973 TI - Age-related symtomatology of ECHO 11 virus infection in children. AB - One hundred two children with ECHO 11 virus infection were analyzed as to symptomatology, which was related to the age of the patients. Neonates manifested an undifferentiated febrile illness in most cases. The symptomatology of older infants and toddlers was different from that of newborns with respect to the presence of discernible pharyngitis in two thirds of the cases. An exaggerated febrile response complicated by convulsions or gastrointestinal symptoms was another characteristic feature of this age group. A characteristic manifestation of children more than 3 years old was pharyngitis which included minute vesicular lesions or exudative ulcers around the fauces. PMID- 7354974 TI - Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis following tolazoline-induced gastric hypersecretion. AB - Gastric hypersecretion following administration of tolazoline resulted in severe hypochloremic alkalosis in an infant with persistent fetal circulation. An initial bolus injection of 2 mg/kg was followed by an infusion of 5 mg/kg/hr for 24 hours. The infusion was then maintained at 2 mg/kg/hr for the next four days. Volume of gastric secretions exceeded 25 ml/kg/24 hr. Weaning from tolazoline and replacement of chloride and potassium corrected the metabolic alkalosis. PMID- 7354975 TI - The use of cimetidine in the newborn. PMID- 7354976 TI - Evaluation of the free erythrocyte porphyrin (FEP) test in a private practice: the incidence of iron deficiency and increased lead absorption in 9- to 13-month old infants. AB - With the free erythrocyte prophyrin (FEP)/hematocrit ratio as a screening test, three of 122 9- to 13-month-old children had iron deficiency (FEP 147 to 286 microgram/100 ml of RBCs). The hematocrit alone could not identify these children. All three were drinking more than one quart of cow's milk per day. On follow-up examination of seven children with values of FEP of 100 to 140 microgram/100 ml of RBCs, two became anemic and one demonstrated increased lead absorption. Children with values of FEP below 100 microgram/100 ml of RBs (2 SD above the mean) did not develop anemia. Teaching parents to restrict cow's milk intake below one quart per day could be an effective means of preventing iron deficiency as identified by FEP screening. The child with increased lead absorption could not have been recognized by hematocrit alone. PMID- 7354977 TI - Patient and provider factors associated with selected measures of quality of care. AB - Studies assessing quality of general pediatric care are handicapped by (1) lack of explicit criteria, (2) the broad spectrum of medical needs presented, and (3) the need to distinguish between influence of patient and provider factors. In this study, part of a comprehensive study of utilization of pediatric services at five sites (three neighborhood health centers, an emergency room, and a hospital based primary care program), we selected three measures sampling different aspects of quality of care, including (1) immunization status, (2) screening procedures, and (3) ongoing care for ten tracer conditons. Adequacy of follow-up of the tracer conditions was assessed along two dimensions: (1) whether a return appointment was scheduled, and (2) whether the patient kept the appointment ("compliance"). Results indicate that attainment of fully immunized status varies inversely with age, while for the tracer conditions, arrangement of follow-up (provider factor) was associated with site, and compliance (patient factor) was associated with both site and pattern of use. Accomplishment of follow-up was better for patients diagnosed in a primary care facility than in the emergency room and for patients with close ties to a primary care facility than for those with limited or no involvement with primary care. These findings support the value of continuity of care in a setting designed to deliver comprehensive care. PMID- 7354978 TI - Major coagulopathy and "nonpoisonous" snake bites. AB - Two florid examples of disseminated coagulopathy following the bite of a rear fanged snake (normally considered "nonvenomous") are reported. The posibility of clinically significant cases of snakebite envenomation due to "harmless" snakes in the United States is raised because of the diagnostic and therapeutic implications. PMID- 7354979 TI - Compliance of child care programs with health and safety standards: impact of program evaluation and advocate training. PMID- 7354980 TI - Grand round series: hypoglycemia and unilateral pulmonary edema in a newborn. AB - A case of cardiomegaly with unilateral pulmonary edema is presented. The predisposing etiologies were severe hypoglycemia and a hypertonic glucose infusion into a branch of the left lower lobe pulmonary vein. Resolution resulted following maintenance of adequate glucose levels, vigorous cardiopulmonary support, and repositioning of the catheter tip in the inferior vena cava. The pathophysiologic mechanism was direct endothelial injury with an osmotic diuresis. The role of the release of a vasoactive substance was postulated. PMID- 7354981 TI - Erythema following transcutaneous PO2 monitoring. PMID- 7354982 TI - Immunization outreach program in health maintenance organization. PMID- 7354983 TI - Radionuclide joint imaging: acute rheumatic fever simulating septic arthritis. PMID- 7354984 TI - Psychogenic polydipsia with hydronephrosis in an infant. AB - Psychogenic polydipsia can occur in infants and may be associated with urinary tract dilation. It is not known whether this dilation can lead to a decline in renal function, as has been reported in patients with diabetes insipidus and hydronephrosis. The structural changes may be reversed by treatment of polydipsia through fluid restriction and counseling. PMID- 7354985 TI - Application of live varicella vaccine to children with acute leukemia or other malignancies without suspension of anticancer therapy. PMID- 7354986 TI - A diagnostic approach to metabolic acidosis in children. PMID- 7354987 TI - A hierarchy of clinical observations. PMID- 7354988 TI - The pediatricin's role in the treatment of child abuse: implications from a national evaluation study. PMID- 7354989 TI - Failures in learning and failures in teaching. PMID- 7354990 TI - Amniotic fluid microviscosity and middle ear effusion. PMID- 7354991 TI - Impact of neonatal intensive care on neonatal mortality in Chile. PMID- 7354992 TI - Measles vaccine in egg-allergic children. PMID- 7354993 TI - Waardenburg syndrome associated with Hirschsprung disease and other abnormalities. PMID- 7354994 TI - Maternal transmission of HBV infection. PMID- 7354995 TI - National Committee to Abolish Nit-Picking and 'Fine-Tooth Combing'. PMID- 7354996 TI - What is proper food for human infants? PMID- 7354997 TI - Role of pediatrician in fostering good parenting. PMID- 7354998 TI - Back to blaming parents? PMID- 7354999 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics: Committee on Radiology. Excretory urography for evaluation of enuresis. PMID- 7355001 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics: Committee on Drugs. Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera). PMID- 7355000 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics: Committee on Radiology. Comparison radiographs of extremities in childhood: recommended usage. PMID- 7355002 TI - Morning plasma cortisol levels in infants treated with topical fluorinated glucocorticosteroids. AB - The plasma cortisol levels of 17 infants of mean age 12.1 months taken at 8 AM were measured before and after application of a topical fluorinated glucocorticosteroid. There was a statistically significant depression of plasma cortisol value in 11 infants at days 3, 7, and 14 after therapy. All of the plasma cortisol levels returned to normal. For the entire group of 17 infants, however, there was no significant depression of plasma cortisol levels. Even in the usual office use of topical glucocorticosteroids, one must be aware of the possiblity of percutaneous absorption. PMID- 7355003 TI - Dysautonomia in an infant with secondary hyperammonemia due to propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase deficiency. AB - A male infant who had vomiting and coma in the absence of ketoacidosis was initially thought to have dysautonomia because of abnormal responses to methacholine and histamine, as well as abnormal urinary catecholamine excretion. Following an episode of hyperammonemia, a liver biopsy was performed which revealed a partial deficiency of carbamyl phosphate synthetase activity. The patient was treated with a protein-restricted diet supplemented with a mixture of ketoacid analogues of the essential amino acids, which precipitated ketosis and acidosis. A primary deficiency of propionyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase was subsequently demonstrated. Because disorders of propionate metabolism may not initially present with ketoacidosis, we recommend examination of both plasma and urine for metabolites of this pathway, as well as direct measurement of propionyl CoA carboxylase activity in peripheral blood leukocytes, before performing a liver biopsy to evaluate urea cycle enzyme activities, and particularly before adding keto acid/amino acid mixtures to a protein-restricted diet. PMID- 7355004 TI - Blastomycosis in children. AB - Four cases of blastomycosis in children selected from a larger series of cases seen over 36 months are presented. This infection in the pediatric age group is not often considered in the setting of a slowly resolving pneumonic illness. The morbidity and mortality of this disease in the adult warrant careful consideration of this entity in the pediatric age group, since effective therapy is available. PMID- 7355005 TI - The importance of nonrenal involvement in hemolytic-uremic syndrome. AB - Fifteen children with the clinical manifestations of hemolytic-uremic syndrome are reported. Prompt recognition of the syndrome and effective therapy for acute renal failure including early dialysis were instituted in each case. Analysis of the clinical course and histopathologic features in these patients indicated that early dialysis and effective management of acute renal failure may unmask evidence of nonrenal involvement; microthrombi may be found in a wide distribution of organs, including the brain and myocardium; and extent and severity of nonrenal involvement become an important determinant of ultimate prognosis. PMID- 7355006 TI - Inherited antithrombin III deficiency and cerebral thrombosis in a child. AB - Identification of a family affected by antithrombin III-heparin cofactor (AT-III) deficiency was made after diagnosis of the index case, a 15-year-old boy who suffered cerebral thrombosis. The proband had a two-year history of recurrent thrombosis involving the lower extremities. His mother and sister were also affected. Studies showed a decreased biological activity (AT-IIIc) and antigen (AT-IIIag) by the Laurell technique in the proband (AT-IIIc = 0.32, AT-IIIag = 46%), his sister (AT-IIIc = 0.29, AT-IIIag = 47%), and his mother (AT-IIIc = 0.41, AT-IIIag = 56%). Crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) of the affected individuals' plasma in agarose-containing heparin demonstrated a normal pattern of migration. Treatment with warfarin sodium (Coumadin) resulted in an increase in activity in two of three affected family members, and in antigen in all three. Anticoagulant therapy did not affect the pattern of AT-III on CIE. This family represents a quantitative deficiency in antithrombin III. A review of the reported cases of antithrombin III deficiency indicates that individuals with this disorder may have thromboembolic disease in childhood. PMID- 7355007 TI - Corrective shoes for children: a survey of current practice. AB - A survey of shoe-prescribing practices for children was taken among pediatricians, orthopaedists, pediatric orthopaedists, and podiatrists. Opinions differed significantly regarding the usefulness of shoe modifications for common pediatric lower limb and foot problems. Parents' attitudes toward children's shoes were also surveyed. Pediatricians and pediatric orthopaedists tended to prescribe corrective shoes less often than did orthopaedists and podiatrists. High topped shoes are not necessary to promote normal foot development, in the opinion of 85% of those surveyed; however, high topped shoes were often recommended for infants because they slip off less easily. Preferences for Thomas heels, scaphoid pads, reverse lasts, straight lasts, wedges, torque heels, and shoe lifts for problems including flexible flat feet, metatarsus adductus, intoeing, bow legs, knock knees, and leg length inequalities were delineated among the four groups treating children's feet. The authors conclude that whereas studies show that shoe modifications are of questionable value in the problems discussed, corrective shoes are often prescribed when regular shoes would be more appropriate and economical. PMID- 7355008 TI - Bile acid excretion and patterns of fatty acid absorption in formula-fed premature infants. AB - Balance studies of individual fatty acid (FA) absorption and bile acid (BA) excretion were performed in 23 healthy premature infants fed proprietary formulas, utilizing gas-liquid chromatography. There was a direct correlation between the amount of BA excreted and absorption. This correlation was valid for total fat and for unsaturated dietary FA. Malabsorption of saturated FAs was in proportion to their hydrocarbon chain length and is best explained by their aqueous solubility, independent of BA. Assays of total FA absorption by gas liquid chromatography and by the method of van de Kamer appear to be interchangeable. PMID- 7355009 TI - Major complication secondary to percutaneous radial artery catheterization in the neonate. PMID- 7355010 TI - Necrosis of the forearm following radial artery catheterization in a patient with Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7355011 TI - Noise and hypoxemia in the intensive care nursery. PMID- 7355012 TI - Asymmetric crying facies: an alternative interpretation. PMID- 7355014 TI - Cor pulmonale in severe Pierre Robin syndrome. PMID- 7355015 TI - Catecholamine metabolites in congenital sensory neuropathy with anhydrosis. PMID- 7355013 TI - Paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis of Mount and Reback. PMID- 7355016 TI - Delayed cardiopulmonary arrest after Lomotil ingestion. PMID- 7355017 TI - Neonatal codeine withdrawal in infants of nonaddicted mothers. PMID- 7355019 TI - Premie nipples: a potential aspiration hazard. PMID- 7355018 TI - Abetalipoproteinemia presenting as severe vitamin K deficiency. PMID- 7355020 TI - Bacterial cholangitis in a 10-week-old infant with fever of undetermined origin. PMID- 7355024 TI - Child abuse intervention: conflicts in current practice and legal theory. AB - Recent litigation of child abuse cases indicates that two contradictory policies compete for court approval. One policy would reduce the amount of intervention into abusive families on grounds of privacy. The other seeks to maintain and expand channels of investigation and treatment. While attempting to prescribe a comprehensive approach to child abuse, these conflicting policies, in fact, address different problems in child protection. Without a treatment formulation that focuses on the separate issues raised by each policy, it is not clear that clinicians will be able to sustain child abuse investigatory and protective authority against the privacy attack. This treatment synthesis must entail development of standards that maximize protection of the child from caretakers at the earliest stages of risk and protection from administrative procrastination in case resolution. Protecting the child rather than the family institution should provide the central focus of policy formulation. PMID- 7355021 TI - Child abuse: least harmful, most protective intervention. PMID- 7355023 TI - Angel dust: possible effects on the fetus. AB - A case report of an infant whose mother used phencyclidine (PCP, "angel dust") during pregnancy is presented. As a neonate, the infant showed abnormal behavior and an unusual appearance, and later, spastic quadriparesis. Based on previous animal studies, it is likely that this infant had prolonged exposure to PCP as a fetus. His abnormal neonatal behavior was consistent with previously reported effects of this drug. The relationship between his exposure to PCP and his dysmorphology and spasticity remains speculative. It is suggested that clinicians be alert to further cases of these associations. PMID- 7355022 TI - Understanding children's advocacy in the health sector. PMID- 7355025 TI - Child abuse intervention. PMID- 7355026 TI - National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. PMID- 7355027 TI - Noise pollution. PMID- 7355028 TI - Vitamins and low birth weight infants. PMID- 7355031 TI - The association of kernicterus with bacterial infection in the newborn. AB - A total population of 29,395 neonates cared for in the six-year period from 1971 to 1976 was reviewed for evidence of autopsy-proven kernicterus. A total of 327 neonates died and 232 were autopsied. The only cases of kernicterus occurred in four near-term infants with antemortem proven sepsis. All four of these infants weighed more than 2,200 gm and were delivered after gestations of either 36 or 37 weeks. These cases of kernicterus occurred during a period when more aggressive management of hyperbilirubinemia in low-birth-weight infants had apparently eliminated immaturity as a predisposing factor in the development of kernicterus, uncovering bacterial infection as the major remaining etiologic co-factor. PMID- 7355030 TI - National surveillance of Kawasaki disease. AB - Information about 261 cases of Kawasaki disease (KD) was reported to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) between July 1976 and July 1978. KD occurred at all times of the year in young, previously healthy children throughout the United States. KD was more common in infants and toddlers, males, and Asian and part Asian children. The illness was characterized by acute onset of prolonged high fever; maculopapular or scarlatiniform rash; adenopathy; injection of the conjunctival and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract; redness of the palms and soles; indurative edema of the extremities; desquamation, arthralgias; and elevated white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and platelet count. Complications included gallbladder disease and carditis; 2.8% died. Surviving patients were hospitalized for a mean of 8.9 days. PMID- 7355032 TI - Clinical predictability of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. AB - Ninety-eight infants of less than 35 weeks' gestation, consecutively admitted to a regional neonatal intensive care unit, were followed prior to computerized tomography (CT) scan for clinical signs of subependymal and/or intraventricular hemorrhage. The presence or absence of intracerebral hemorrhage was confirmed by CT scan in all patients, and the severity of hemorrhage was quantitated as mild, moderate, or marked. Thirty-seven out of 98 infants (38%) demonstrated intracerebral hemorrhage on CT scan; 20 of 37 (54%) were predicted clinically. Clinical predictability was related to severity of hemorrhage as quantitated by CT scan. Clinical signs that were found helpful in predicting subependymal and/or intraventricular hemorrhage were fall in hematocrit, failure of rise in hematocrit with transfusion of packed red blood cells, tight fontanel, decrease in spontaneous activity, decreased tone, abnormal eye signs, and seizures. PMID- 7355029 TI - Birth weight of children with phenylketonuria. PMID- 7355033 TI - Cerebral intraventricular hemorrhages in infants: a widening age spectrum. AB - Cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), a problem widely recognized in premature infants, was found in six older infants, ages 2 weeks to 3 months. IVH was often initially misdiagnosed as subarachnoid hemorrhage or meningits with a traumatic lumbar tap. IVH occurred primarily in infants with hypoxemia, acidosis, ischemia, and/or hypernatremia, conditions found in association with IVH in premature infants, but also occurred spontaneously. Computerized tomography scans were the most valuable diagnostic procedure for detection of IVH. PMID- 7355035 TI - Effect of respiration on the echocardiogram in children with cystic fibrosis. AB - Respiration-related cyclic variation was noted in echocardiographic measurements of right and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension. D-E amplitude of the anterior mitral leaflet, and mitral valve E-F slope in 26 children with cystic fibrosis. The observed echographic changes seem to be an exaggeration of the normal physiologic variation seen with respiration. In children with advanced respiratory disease, airway obstruction, rather than cor pulmonale, may be responsible for this exaggeration. PMID- 7355034 TI - Posterior fossa subdural hemorrhage in the newborn. AB - Posterior fossa subdural hematoma formation in the newborn is an infrequently reported event. It is characterized by a complicated delivery, usually at term, followed by developing lethargy and irritability within the first few days of life. Respiratory irregularities, tense anterior fontanelle, and increasing head circumference ensue, accompanied by a falling hemoglobin and blood-stained cerebrospinal fluid. Various cranial nerves may also be involved. Previously reported cases have been marked by diagnostic delays that affected the subsequent outcome of some of the patients. Computed tomography (CT) allows for earlier confirmation of the diagnosis, especially where coronal views are employed. Three cases are reported here to illustrate the above features. PMID- 7355036 TI - Factors affecting heart rate variability in preterm infants. AB - Neonatal heart rate variability (NHRV) was studied in 92 preterm infants (birth weight, 750 to 2,500 gm; gestational age, 28 to 36 weeks). Each infant was monitored continuously during the first 6 hours and for one hour at 24, 48, and 168 hours of life. During each hour NHRV was quantified and related to the following parameters: sex, gestational age, postnatal age, heart rate, and the presence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). NHRV in healthy preterm infants was inversely related to heart rate level and directly related to the infant's postnatal age. In healthy babies with gestations of 30 to 36 weeks there was no significant correlation between NHRV and gestation. Decrease in NHRV was significantly related to the severity of RDS, and the reappearance of NHRV in infants with RDS was associated with a good prognosis. Decreased NHRV significantly differentiated the infants with RDS who survived after the fifth hour of life. The data reveal that NHRV (1) should be corrected for heart rate level and postnatal age; (2) is decreased in RDS; and (3) can be used as an indicator of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with RDS. PMID- 7355037 TI - Attempts at use of strychnine sulfate in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia. AB - In two cases of nonketotic hyperglycinemia treated from early ages with strychnine sulphate, the patients demonstrated persistent severe psychomotor retardation and seizures. Strychnine therapy improved tone and feeding, but did not seem to alter fundamentally the course of the disease in either patient. PMID- 7355038 TI - Psychosocial adjustment of latency-aged diabetics: determinants and relationship to control. AB - The relationship of psychosocial adjustment, family functioning, self-esteem, and diabetic control was studied in 20 latency-aged diabetic children and their parents. Moderate to severe adjustment problems were found in 11 (55%) of the patients. Child self-esteem, parental self-esteem, and family functioning, as scored by standard instruments, were all significantly greater in the group of children considered to be well-adjusted as compared to the maladjusted group (P less than .05 to .001). Of these, parental self-esteem appeared to correlate most closely with the child's adjustment. Twenty-four-hour urinary glucose excretion was two- to threefold greater in maladjusted as compared to well-adjusted patients (71 +/- 20 vs 20 +/- 5 gm, P less than .05). These data suggest that psychosocial adjustment problems frequently occur in latency-aged children with diabetes, are associated with poorer chemical control, and require a family centered approach to intervention and management. PMID- 7355039 TI - Paroxysmal choreoathetosis: report of five cases and review of the literature. AB - Paroxysmal choreoathetosis is a rare, involuntary movement disorder. Attacks occur spontaneously or may be induced by movement, startle, or anxiety. The movements are tonic, dystonic, or choreoathetotic. Sporadic and, more commonly, familial cases have been reported. Onset occurs most often during childhood, and the course is nonprogressive. Response to anticonvulsant therapy is usually excellent. Five cases of the sporadic form of paroxysmal choreoathetosis are reported. Three of the five patients had attacks after initiation of movements such as rising from a chair. Results of physical examination were normal in four patients. One child had mild hemiatrophy and unilateral hyper-reflexia. Results of laboratory studies, including determinations of serum calcium and ceruloplasmin levels, EEGs and CAT scans of the head, were normal. The attacks ceased in all patients after treatment with either phenytoin or carbamazepine. PMID- 7355040 TI - The conservative management of vesicoureteric reflux: a review of 121 children. AB - A group of 121 children with vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) grades 1 to 3 managed conservatively were followed-up for a period of six to ten years. In the majority of patients VUR grades 1 and 2 disappeared spontaneously. Prognosis was less favorable in those who were seen initially with grade 3 VUR. A statistically significant higher incidence of reflux disappearance was observed in children who were seen before 4 years of age. In the majority of patients with paraureteric vesicle diverticulum, reflux persisted. Reflux was more likely to disappear in children with lower incidence of urinary tract infection than in those with multiple infections. PMID- 7355041 TI - Acquired pulmonary artery aneurysm in an infant. AB - An aneurysm of the left pulmonary artery developed in an infant during a staphylococcal generalized infection. The successful surgical treatment required a left pneumonectomy. In this report the causes of that rare lesion and the prognosis of pneumonectomy in infancy are reviewed. PMID- 7355042 TI - Report of the New England Regional Infant Cardiac Program. PMID- 7355045 TI - [Scandinavian cooperation in the fight against hospital infection]. PMID- 7355044 TI - [Animal experiments--a necessary evil?]. PMID- 7355046 TI - [Deaths in fires. Children and the aged are high-risk groups]. PMID- 7355047 TI - [Hospital hygiene working groups against hospital infection]. PMID- 7355048 TI - [The new antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery is not quite risk-free]. PMID- 7355043 TI - [Patient-physician relation. 1. What factors influence the contact between patient and physician?]. PMID- 7355049 TI - [The work of the hygiene nurse is a great pedagogical challenge]. PMID- 7355050 TI - [Formerly safe microbes often affect more sensitive patients]. PMID- 7355051 TI - [Norway will have a basic course for hygiene nurses]. PMID- 7355052 TI - [Educate health personnel in primary care and put health research and self care in the front line]. PMID- 7355053 TI - [Bad breath]. PMID- 7355054 TI - [Patient-doctor relations 2. The medical interview, physical examination and information]. PMID- 7355056 TI - [Great need for psychological insight in the industrial health services]. PMID- 7355057 TI - [Use and misuse of vitamin C and false conclusions]. PMID- 7355055 TI - [The psychologist's role in industrial safety]. PMID- 7355058 TI - [Animal experiments. Scientists spread smoke screens to calm public opinion]. PMID- 7355060 TI - [Guidelines for blood-pressure measurements in children]. PMID- 7355059 TI - [Health care at the end stage of life]. PMID- 7355061 TI - [Access to medical care of patient with hypertension: influence of socio professional categories (author's transl)]. AB - An analysis of socio-professional categories was performed in 712 active hypertensive men, referred between January 1st 1976 and December 31st 1977 to the hypertension out patient clinic of the Saint-Joseph Hospital, Paris. The percentages of senior executives, middle executives and patients with liberal professions, were higher than those calculated in the whole French population. In contrast, the percentages of craftsmen, shopkeeper, employees and manual workers were lower. Furthermore, blood pressure levels obtained by history and those found at first consultation were higher in employees and manual workers than in patients from a higher socio-economic level. The social differencies which are observed may be related to known data concerning mortality, morbidity and drug consumption according to socio-professional categories. They should lead physicians and health care administrators to seek more effective and egalitarian methods of prevention. PMID- 7355065 TI - [Calcification of the quadriceps cul-de-sac. A new sign associated with articular chondrocalcinosis?]. PMID- 7355062 TI - [Involvement of the large vessels supplying the brain in sickle cell disease: a possible cause of Moya-moya (author's transl)]. AB - In two children (1 girl and 1 boy aged 6 years) with an SS haemoglobinopathy, a neurological deficit affecting one half of the body led to arteriograms being performed. These revealed stenoses of the major vessels (above all anterior and middle cerebral with development of a collateral circulation giving an appearance suggestive of Moya-moya syndrome). Various aetiologies have been suggested for this syndrome: congenital disease, oral contraceptives, atheroma. Sickle cell disease is a new cause. The mechanism would appear to be fibrosis proliferating secondary to sub-endothelial anoxia caused by sludging in the vasa vasorum. PMID- 7355066 TI - [Thrombopenia during acute brucellosis]. PMID- 7355064 TI - [Destruction of the valve of the great saphenous vein in the technique of femoro popliteal bypass in situ (author's transl)]. AB - Destruction of the valves of the great saphenous vein is one of the essential steps in femoro-popliteal bypass in situ. The authors suggest the use of bougies with a tip in the form a shell, the base of which is adorned with 4 rounded and smoothed teeth. After destruction of the great saphenous and ligation of the collaterals, arterial filling of the vein after superior anastomosis and the retrograde insertion of strippers may be used the collapse the valves opened by the blood flow. Amongst 40 bypasses performed using this technique, 38 were without problem. PMID- 7355063 TI - [Thyrotoxicosis with low T3 and high reverse T3 levels. 9 cases (author's transl)]. AB - In common forms of hyperthyroidism serum levels of triiodothyronin (T3) are higher than those of thyroxin (T4) and isolated elevations of serum T3 have even been noted. We report 9 cases of proven hyperthyroidism with normal or low levels of T3 and elevated T4 and reverse T3 (rT3). Most out of the patients were more than seventy years old and had associated diseases. Our data show that the low T3 with elevated rT3 syndrome--which has been noted in many metabolic and pathologic conditions--can coexist in hyperthyroidism. They emphasize the lack of diagnostic discrimination of T3 assays in thyroid dysfunction especially in the older patient or one with associated disease. PMID- 7355067 TI - [Chronic pancreatitis. Connection with HLA antigens]. PMID- 7355068 TI - [Assay of estradiol receptors in a liver adenoma observed after taking an estrogen-progestogen combination]. PMID- 7355069 TI - [Enlargement of parotid glands during anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 7355070 TI - [Microsurgical tubal polypectomy]. PMID- 7355071 TI - [Selective exeresis of a hypophyseal adenoma in Cushing's disease]. PMID- 7355072 TI - [Treatment of Hodgkin's disease with massive bone marrow involvement and diffuse myelofibrosis]. PMID- 7355074 TI - [Pyopneumothorax as the first and main manifestation of Fasciola hepatica distomatosis]. PMID- 7355073 TI - [The use of CO2 laser in tubal surgery]. PMID- 7355075 TI - [Syncope and ischemic cerebral accidents: value of continuous electrocardiographic recording by Holter's system]. PMID- 7355076 TI - [The responsibility of physicians in the public hospital sector]. PMID- 7355077 TI - [Doxycycline sensitivity in 80 hospital strains resistant to tetracycline]. PMID- 7355078 TI - [4-year evolution of antibiotic resistance to tetracycline and to doxycycline. Remark on the antibiogram of doxycycline]. PMID- 7355081 TI - [Prophylaxis with doxycycline administered systemically in colorectal surgery]. PMID- 7355079 TI - [Comparative effect of doxycycline and tetracycline on 150 anaerobic strains]. PMID- 7355080 TI - [Treatment of primary invasion acute brucellosis in its septicemic form with doxycycline]. PMID- 7355083 TI - [Doxycycline in bronchopulmonary infectious pathology]. PMID- 7355084 TI - [Passage of doxycycline across the blood-brain barrier]. PMID- 7355082 TI - [Level of doxycycline in the palatine tonsils in the maxillary sinus mucosa and in sinus secretions]. PMID- 7355085 TI - [Treatment of acute infectious pneumopathies in aged patients with injectable doxycycline]. PMID- 7355086 TI - [Symposium on Vibramycin. Paris, May 11th, 1979]. PMID- 7355087 TI - [Structure-activity correlations in the tetracycline family]. PMID- 7355088 TI - [Tissue pharmacokinetics of doxycycline compared with those of other antibiotics in rats]. PMID- 7355090 TI - [Use of doxycycline in human renal failure]. PMID- 7355089 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of doxycycline in man by high performance liquid chromatography. Administration of single 200 mg doses intravenously and orally]. PMID- 7355091 TI - [Hemo-synovial diffusion of doxycycline in patients with joint effusion]. PMID- 7355092 TI - [Use of tetracyclines during renal failure]. PMID- 7355093 TI - [Comparative activity of various representatives of the tetracycline family]. PMID- 7355094 TI - [An effective weapon against pyocyanic bacteria]. PMID- 7355096 TI - [Survival or decline of the pharmaceutical industry?]. PMID- 7355095 TI - [Etiology of sterility: an investigation strategy]. PMID- 7355097 TI - [Arterial surgery in cerebral circulatory insufficiency. Prospects for the future]. PMID- 7355098 TI - [Haemolytic anaemia with acanthocytosis and erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase deficiency in severe hepatic diseases. 5 cases (author's transl)]. AB - In 5 patients, haemolysis was intrasplenic. Red cell deformity could be acquired by foreign red cells transfused into the patient. Association of the two abnormalities (acanthocytosis and glutathion peroxydase deficiency) was necessary for the onset of haemolysis. They progressed in parallel and varied in relation with the severity of the hepatic disease. The relationship between these two abnormalities is unknown but would appear to be dependent upon a factor of hepatic origin. PMID- 7355099 TI - [Administration route of natural sex steroids (estradiol, progesterone, testosterone) (author's transl)]. AB - The natural sex steroids (E2, T, P) may be used in therapeutics. Estradiol and testosterone esters (decanoate and undecanoate) may be administered orally. A local effect always follows the percutaneous application of sex steroids, and this is usually accompanied by a systemic effect. But because of the very important metabolism of progesterone by the skin, it is necessary to administer it by other routes (intravaginal, intrarectal) in order to obtain a systemic effect. PMID- 7355100 TI - [Cutaneous sterilisation in arterial surgery (author's transl)]. AB - To prepare for vascular surgery it appears that antiseptic atomizing by the circulating nurse is more effective than antiseptic swabbing by the surgeon. PMID- 7355101 TI - [Pulmonary sarcoidosis: value of bronchoalveolar lavage for therapeutic indications]. PMID- 7355102 TI - [Early post-operative changes in serum folate levels after digestive tract surgery]. PMID- 7355103 TI - [X-ray tomography and/or echotomography in the immediate complications of abdominal surgery]. PMID- 7355104 TI - [Contibution of the serum thyroglobulin assay to the diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis]. PMID- 7355106 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Remission obtained with prednimustine after failure of corticosteroid therapy and cyclophosphamide]. PMID- 7355105 TI - [Do severe complications still occur in induced abortion?]. PMID- 7355107 TI - [Echographic diagnosis of the male sex in utero. The scrotal ballotement sign]. PMID- 7355108 TI - [Liver contusions. Proposed classification]. PMID- 7355110 TI - [Diagnosis of lower limb paralysis in comatose hemiplegics]. PMID- 7355109 TI - [Silicosis due to drug addiction to a scouring powder]. PMID- 7355111 TI - [Vertebral bone condensation and tricholeukocytic leukemia. A case]. PMID- 7355113 TI - [Salicylate poisoning by local application of 20% salicylic acid petrolatum to a psoriatic patient]. PMID- 7355112 TI - [Severe meningococcal infections in children. Hemodynamic study in 2 patients]. PMID- 7355114 TI - [Health profession facing the governmental measures of 25 July 1979]. PMID- 7355115 TI - [National Association of Physicians, Surgeons, Specialists and Biologists in Public Hospitals]. PMID- 7355116 TI - [Contribution of biology to the image of the human condition]. PMID- 7355117 TI - [Polycythemia resulting from abnormal hemoglobin with increased affinity for oxygen. Two cases (author's transl)]. AB - An abnormal hemoglobin with increased oxygen affinity has to be suspected in all the cases of polycythemia where no direct signs of "polycythemia vera", or any of the classical reasons for erythropoietic stimulation can be demonstrated. This fact is documented by two new observations, one concerning a 44 year-old man with Hb Kempsey, another concerning a 58 year-old woman with Hb Malmo. The diagnosis is based on a scrupulous electrophoretic study involving an isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel, and, on the study of the oxygen binding properties of the red blood cells. This polycythemia being a compensatory mechanism allowing a normal oxygen delivery to the tissues has to be respected and a compromise must be found with the cardiovascular risk. PMID- 7355118 TI - [The immunological diagnosis of hydatidosis. 139 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Hydatidosis is not rare in France and often poses diagnostic problems to practitioners. In addition to classical clinical and radiological data, immunological methods provide at the present time reliable means of confirming the diagnosis and conducting post-therapeutic surveillance. After a brief epidemiological and clinical review, the authors review the different laboratory techniques available and report their experience involving 139 cases collected over a period of 2 years. Emphasis is placed upon the relatively high prevalence of the disease amongst immigrant workers, as oppossed to the rare cases seen in the native population, as well as the value of immunoelectrophoresis and conditioned haemagglutination reactions. New therapeutic possibilities offered by mebendazole and its derivatives are indicated. PMID- 7355119 TI - [Acute glomerulonephritis associated with Fisher's syndrome after tetanus prophylaxies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7355120 TI - [Intensive plasmapheresis and erythropheresis, an emergency treatment of superacute autoimmune anemia]. PMID- 7355121 TI - [Acute alcoholic rhabdomyolysis with renal failure. Scintigraphy with technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate]. PMID- 7355122 TI - [BB isoenzyme of creatine kinase. Place in pulmonary pathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7355123 TI - [Marrow aplasia and 5-fluorocytosine]. PMID- 7355124 TI - [Measurement of the flow in venous reinfusion of ascitic fluid. Le Veen's peritoneojugular shunts]. PMID- 7355125 TI - [Expert testimony regarding medical responsibility in esthetic surgery. 2. The operation : the choice and the risks]. PMID- 7355126 TI - Collection of mutant tRNA sequences. PMID- 7355127 TI - Loopstructures in synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides. AB - A comparative nuclear magnetic resonance study of the hydrogen-bonded imino protons in a series of synthetic DNA fragments is presented. The fragments ATCCTA(Tn)TAGGAT are in principle capable of forming either a self-complementary hairpin loop structure (monomer form) or an interior loop structure (dimeric form). It has been shown, that for n = 1 only the dimer structure is present in aqueous solution, whereas the exclusive existence of the hairpin loop structure is indicated for n = 3, 4 & 5. Surprisingly, for n = 2 two different structures appear to be present in solution. Concentration studies show that both monomers and dimers exist side by side in this case. Hairpins as well as interior loops form extra "melting sites" in addition to the wellknown fraying phenomenon at the terminus of the double helix. PMID- 7355128 TI - Self-assembly of single and closely spaced nucleosome core particles. AB - Self-assembly of DNA with the four core histones but in the absence of H1 generates nucleosome core particles which are spaced randomly over large distances. Closely spaced core particles, however, exhibit a preferred short linkage which is not a multiple of 10 base pairs. They bind about 140 base pairs whereas apparently shorter DNA lengths per nucleosome observed after digestion with micrococcal nuclease are the result of degradation from the ends. The DNA length of one superhelical turn in the core particle is 83 +/- 4 base pairs. Single core particles may bind more DNA than closely spaced core particles but probably less than two full turns of 168 base pairs. The internal structures of single and of native core particles are very similar as judged by their amount of DNA, sedimentation coefficient, appearance in the electron microscope, and digestion with DNase I. In addition to core particles, a particle is described which sediments at 9 S and consists of 108 base pairs of DNA bound to the histone octamer. It appears to be the smallest stable "core particle" but it is not a degradation product of the 146-base-pair core particle. Digestion of end-labeled 9 S and nucleosome core particles with DNase I shows distinct differences. PMID- 7355129 TI - The structure of drug-deoxydinucleoside phosphate complex; generalized conformational behavior of intercalation complexes with RNA and DNA fragments. AB - A 2:2 complex of proflavine and deoxycytidylyl-3', 5'-guanosine has been crystallized and its structure determined by x-ray crystallography. The two dinucleoside phosphate strands form self complementary duplexes with Watson Crick hydrogen bonds. One proflavin is asymmetrically intercalated between the base pairs and the other is stacked above them. The conformations of the nucleotides are unusual in that one strand has C3',C2'endomixed sugar puckering and the other has C3',C3' endo deoxyribose sugars. These results show that the conformation of the 3'sugar is of secondary importance to the intercalated geometry. PMID- 7355130 TI - The pediatric abdominal examination: a multiple challenge. PMID- 7355131 TI - Modern treatment of intracranial aneurysms. AB - The initial physical and neurologic examinations usually allow a presumptive diagnosis of intracranial aneurysm, but confirmation may require computed tomography (CT) and selective angiography. Medical management of the patient necessitates close observation, supportive care, and use of drugs to reduce intracranial pressure and to prevent dissolution of clot at the aneurysmal fundus to prevent rebleeding. The age of the patient may be a deciding factor in selection of surgical candidates. The surgical procedure of choice is direct obliteration of the aneurysm by clipping or ligation, unless such a procedure would compromise the patency of major intracranial vessels or not be possible because of the shape of the aneurysm. With aggressive medical management and modern surgical techniques, many more of these patients may be saved and returned to productive life. PMID- 7355132 TI - Vertigo as the only symptom of subclavian steal syndrome. PMID- 7355133 TI - Cardiovascular side effects of phenothiazines and tricyclic antidepressants. A review with precautionary measures. AB - A well-documented association exists between the phenothiazines and the tricyclic antidepressants and such alarming side effects as cardiac arrhythmias, ECG changes, and even sudden death. Most disturbing is the fact that major and possibly fatal arrhythmias can occur in young adults without antecedent heart disease who are receiving therapeutic dosages of these psychotropic drugs (especially thioridazine). Further study of the cardiovascular side effects of psychotropic drugs is needed to clarify the association. In the meantime, it is mandatory that physicians individualize treatment programs that include these drugs and carefully monitor patient response. PMID- 7355134 TI - Side effects' side effect. PMID- 7355136 TI - Sleep disorders: what the primary care physician needs to know. PMID- 7355135 TI - Gonococcal arthritis syndromes: an update on diagnosis and management. AB - The primary care physician can diagnose gonococcal arthritis with virtual certainty in the presence of migratory polyarthralgia, tenosynovitis of the upper extremity, and characteristic skin lesions. The exquisite antibiotic sensitivity of most gonococcal organisms has made outpatient oral therapy reasonable, with rapid resolution of symptoms usually resulting. PMID- 7355137 TI - Replacement and resurfacing of joints. PMID- 7355138 TI - Gross hematuria: a rare manifestation of primary renal candidiasis. AB - Primary renal candidiasis is an uncommon disorder. It typically presents as urinary tract obstruction secondary to bezoar in the ureter, progressive oliguria (at times alternating with episodes of diuresis), ureteral colic, passage of tissue- or stone-like material, pyuria, and/or progressive renal failure. The patient described here presented with gross and microscopic hematuria. In our literature review, we found neither of these reported as clinical signs of primary renal candidiasis. With the widespread use of drugs (eg, antibiotics, antineoplastic chemotherapeutic agents, systemic corticosteroids) which facilitate the growth of Candida, primary renal candidiasis should be considered in the patient who presents with hematuria. PMID- 7355139 TI - Cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoprotein studies: strategies for clinical use. AB - Epidemiologic evidence links high levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol to increased risk of coronary heart disease. There is no evidence--yet--that lowering LDL and raising HDL alleviate that risk. Testing should be limited to those subgroups of the population at greatest risk. Total cholesterol and triglyceride determinations are the tests of choice for initial evaluation. HDL should be determined before instituting long-term treatment for hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 7355140 TI - Evaluation of postoperative changes in mental status. AB - When confronted with a patient with an alteration in mental status following surgery, the physician must consider both organic and psychosocial causes and their synergistic interactions. A careful medical assessment will rule out metabolic disorders, sepsis, cardiopulmonary complications, and adverse drug effects. A mental status examination and psychiatric history from the patient and family will identify psychosocial determinants. Simultaneous treatment of the organic and psychosocial components is essential if the physician hopes to provide the best patient care and maximize the likelihood of recovery. PMID- 7355141 TI - Ventricular tachycardia associated with removal of a Swan-Ganz catheter. AB - Swan-Ganz catheterization was performed because of persistent unexplained tachycardia in a patient with myocardial infarction. Although there was no premonitory arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia developed as the catheter was removed. Direct-current cardioversion was required. The occurrence of ventricular tachycardia requiring cardioversion in a patient who experienced no ventricular ectopy earlier in his hospitalization shows that Swan-Ganz catheter removal may provoke potentially serious arrhythmia. Uninterrupted vigilance from the time the Swan-Ganz catheter is inserted to the time it is removed is essential. Therefore, we recommend that the catheter be removed under ECG monitoring by experienced personnel, with lidocaine and a defibrillator available. PMID- 7355142 TI - Delayed menarche in young women athletes. PMID- 7355143 TI - Giardiasis: often undetected and untreated. PMID- 7355144 TI - Whole blood vs plasma glucose levels in pregnancy. PMID- 7355145 TI - Diagnostic tests in clinical allergy. PMID- 7355146 TI - Relationship of proximal and distal function in motor development. AB - This study questions the validity of the principle of a proximo-distal direction of motor development and the idea that distal skill emerges out of and is dependent upon proximal control. To determine the relationship between proximal and distal motor function, 12 normal infants (9 girls, 3 boys), 30-weeks of age, were recorded on videotape while reaching for a one-inch red cube contained in a specially designed form board. Their visually guided reaching (proximal) ability and prehensile (distal) skills were rated on nonstandardized scales. No significant linear relationship was found between proximal and distal motor behavior. The conclusion that distal development does not necessarily follow proximal motor development is offered. The possibility that two different motor control systems governin; proximal and distal function is considered. Reconsideration of the proximo-distal sequences currently used in treating motor system dysfunction is recommended. PMID- 7355147 TI - Exercise response during wall-pulley versus bicycle ergometer work. AB - The purpose of this study was to test the significance of differences between cardiopulmonary responses to wall-pulley arm exercise and to bicycle ergometer leg exercise. The heart rate responses were greater for arm exercise than for leg exercise at comparable external work rates or energy cost levels. The systolic blood pressure responses and myocardial oxygen cost were greater for arm exercise at given external work loads, but not a comparable energy cost levels. The clinical and theoretical significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 7355148 TI - Comparison of textbook and self-instructional learning methods. AB - Physical therapists have voiced their concern that independent study units, self assessment tools, and refresher courses be made available. In response, we developed a series of self-instructional units in radiology, gross anatomy, and applied anatomy. To evaluate two of the units (hip and knee), we compared the self-instructional method with a traditional method using assigned textbook readings. We found no significant differences in performance levels between physical therapists and physical therapy students using self-instruction and those using textbook methods of reviewing anatomy. It took less time for the participants to do self-instruction reviews than textbook reviews, and the six month retention rate was higher for those using self-instruction. Results of an attitude questionnaire, however, indicated approval of the self-instructional method of review as being more acceptable and enjoyable than the textbook method. PMID- 7355150 TI - Role-model concepts before and after the formal professional socialization period. AB - Physical therapy students in baccalaureate-degree programs used a forced-choice Q sort of 49 characteristics of physical therapists to describe their concepts of a physical therapy role model at the beginning and again at the end of basic professional training. In ranking the items with the 10 highest mean values (most descriptive) for each sorting, two items represented technical and eight items represented personal characteristics. The same nine items remained highest for both Q sorts. In comparing the high-ranking items to those rankings of sortings performed by recent graduates and by physical therapists, six items were the same. The majority of the correlations between the students' pretraining and posttraining Q-sort scores were significant, with moderate degrees of correlation. The investigator concluded that physical therapy students' role model concepts were fairly similar before and after professional training. Personal, rather than technical, characteristics best described the physical therapy role model. PMID- 7355149 TI - Heart-rate response to a conditioning program for young, alcoholic men. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine 1) if our young alcoholic men, like subjects in other studies, had high resting heart rates, high heart-rate responses to exercise, and prolonged cardiac recovery time after exercise and 2) if a jogging program conducted five days a week for four weeks could improve these physiological factors. Heart rates were compared between the group of joggers and a similar group of alcoholics who did not jog. Unlike the subjects of other studies, the young, alcoholic men in our study did not have high resting heart rates. Significant decreases in resting heart rate and heart-rate response to one-minute and three-minute step tests were found in the jogging group. PMID- 7355151 TI - Anterior interosseous syndrome: a case report. PMID- 7355152 TI - School motor-development area. PMID- 7355154 TI - Research writing tips: introduction section and research hypothesis. PMID- 7355153 TI - Mandatory continuing education--why? PMID- 7355155 TI - Effects of cold. PMID- 7355156 TI - Electromyographic activity of shoulder muscles during unilateral upper extremity proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation patterns. AB - Twenty-nine normal adults were tested to measure the electrical activity of the anterior, middle, and posterior portions of the deltoid muscle and sternal portion of the pectoralis major muscle during the performance of four upper extremity diagonal patterns with the elbow straight, flexing, and extending. The patterns were performed through range of motion, with an isometric contraction performed in the shortened range. With the elbow straight, the middle portion of the deltoid muscle was primarily active with shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation; the anterior portion of the deltoid muscle with shoulder flexion, adduction, and external rotation; the posterior portion of the deltoid muscle with shoulder extension, abduction, and internal rotation; and the sternal portion of the pectoralis major muscle with shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation. The middle and anterior portions of the deltoid muscle exhibited significantly greater activity in their optimal patterns with the elbow strainght, followed by patterns with the elbow flexing and significantly less activity with the elbow extending. The posterior portion of the deltoid muscle in its optimal pattern produced greatest activity with the elbow straight or extending. Findings confirm the patterns considered optimal for monitored portions of these two muscles in normal subjects. Suggestions are made for study of patients who exhibit imbalances of muscle strength. PMID- 7355157 TI - Values in conflict: hospital culture shock. AB - The individual who becomes a patient brings to the health care setting needs, values, and life style founded on highly individualistic personal history and experience. The process of health care and the manner in which it is negotiated is largely controlled by the health professional. Success or failure of treatment and ultimate progress of the patient may depend upon resolution of a fundamental conflict of values between patient and care-giver. PMID- 7355158 TI - Kinetic family drawing test for evaluating families having children with muscular dystrophy. AB - The kinetic family drawing test is suggested as a diagnostic procedure for evaluating interpersonal dynamics in families with muscular dystrophy. Through such testing, attitudes and conflicts of children with dystrophy and their normal siblings are evoked and compared. The use of this projective method can aid in programing treatment for these families. PMID- 7355159 TI - Nutritive sucking in high-risk neonates after perioral stimulation. AB - Five high-risk neonates were selected from the population of newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Medical College of Virginia Hospitals to investigate the effect of perioral stimulation on nutritive suckling ability. A polygraph and pressure transducer were used to record sucking activity over a four-minute interval for three successive feedings. During the first and third feedings, the infants received no stimulation. During the second feeding, infants received perioral stimulation whenever they stopped sucking for a two-second period. An analysis of variance showed a statistically significant effect from the stimulation sequence as well as a trend of decreasing sucking activity during the four-minute interval. The study indicated that perioral stimulation may be an effective method for increasing nutritive sucking ability of infants who are poor feeders. PMID- 7355160 TI - Physical therapy management of patients with total ankle replacement. AB - Ankle arthrodesis has been the treatment of choice for patients who have arthritic or degenerative ankly disease with disabling pain and loss of motion. But the results of long-term retrospective studies show a significant percentage of arthrodeses are unacceptable to patients and considered to be clinically poor or failures by the physicians. Therefore, total replacement of the ankle joint is becoming recognized as an alternative to ankle arthrodesis. This procedure eliminates pain and provides suffient ankle motion for resumption of normal activities. Objectives and indications for the procedure, two types of prostheses, and the surgical procedure are discussed. Guidelines are provided for preoperative and postoperative physical therapy for patients having total ankle replacements. PMID- 7355162 TI - What changes are predicted for the physical therapist assistant in the 1980s? PMID- 7355161 TI - Iontophoresis and ultrasound for postsurgical temporomandibular trismus and paresthesia. PMID- 7355163 TI - The pectoralis major musculocutaneous island flap in single-stage reconstruction of the pharyngoesophageal region. AB - The pectoralis major island musculocutaneous flap is reliable. The size of the skin island may vary from 5 X 8 cm to 8 X 20 cm. The pharyngoesophageal region can be reconstructed in a single stage with this versatile flap (both primary and secondary cases). We have reconstructed seven patients by this method without major complications. PMID- 7355164 TI - Secondary musculocutaneous flap: an experimental study. AB - In four dogs, eight secondary musculocutaneous flaps were created by the vascularization of skin flaps with transposed sartorious muscle. All skin flaps demonstrated excellent viability on clinical follow-up, with vascularity confirmed by fluorescein dye, microangiography, and histologic studies. Potential clinical uses of this method are discussed. PMID- 7355165 TI - Skoog rhytidectomy: a five-year experience with 577 patients. PMID- 7355166 TI - The second-look technique in face lifts--does it work? AB - Charts of 120 patients who have undergone face lifts in a single practice have been reviewed for objective evidence of postoperative hematoma formation following traditional or second-look face lift surgery. The respective rates of hematoma formation-21.7 percent, as compared with 7 percent-were found to be significantly different (P less than 0.025) by chi-square analysis, and no extraneous factors can be asserted to explain this difference. The authors therefore conclude that the second-look technique is responsible for reducing postoperative complication from face lift and that it is a worthwhile modification to the traditional procedure. PMID- 7355167 TI - Late leakage of inflatable silicone breast prostheses. PMID- 7355168 TI - A 3 1/2-year experience with double-lumen implants in breast surgery. AB - The use of the double-lumen implant, with 20 mg of Solu-Medrol or less, has improved the final results in patients having reconstruction after mastectomy. However, the results in patients having augmentation mammaplasties have been much more dramatic, with far superior results over those patients having a gel implant. During the first year the incidence of scar tissue problems is 17 times greater with the gel implants than with the double-lumen implants and 20 mg or less of Solu-Medrol. Scar capsules were also extremely amenable to closed capsulotomy after augmentation with the double-lumen implant, in marked contrast to the gel implant. There is no evidence to support the hypothesis that the double-lumen implant and Solu-Medrol merely delays the eventual appearance of the scar tissue problem. The recommended dosage of Solu-Medrol would appear to be 20 mg and not less. PMID- 7355169 TI - A new method for prophylactic mastectomy, reduction mammaplasty, and mastopexy. AB - A procedure is described for reduction mammaplasty, mastopexy, and prophylactic mastectomy, which utilizes an inferiorly based flap. This flap is either dermal or dermal-glandular. It is coupled with a superior-based derme of performance, and reproducible pleasing appearance have been attained. PMID- 7355170 TI - Arteriovenous shunting in the pig. AB - Forty axial-pattern skin flaps in 10 pigs were studied, and 50 and 15 mu radioactively tagged microspheres were used to study blood flow at 2 days and 7 days after surgical delay. Blood flow increased during this period. No statistically significant change in the index of non-nutrient flow, an expression of arteriovenous shunting, or in percent shunting occurred. It would appear that changes in shunting during the period of delay studied did not occur and cannot explain the enhanced survival of tissue resulting from a surgical delay procedure. PMID- 7355172 TI - Full-thickness transnasal flap. AB - A method is described to reconstruct a unilateral asymmetrical defect of the tip of the nose resulting from burn scar contracture and alar loss by utilizing an appropriate full-thickness rotation of tissue of similar consistency to the defect derived from the opposite side of the nose. This transfer led to the use of similar, but normal tissue, by subtracting from the dimensions of the normal side to add to the shortage of tissue on the abnormal side. This method was designed because of the lack of normal adjacent tissue available for transfer and demonstrates a relatively simple solution to a difficult problem. PMID- 7355171 TI - Sepsis of the cheek over a subcutaneous forehead flap. AB - In two cases, a temporal flap was folded medially and passed through a subcutaneous tunnel superficial to the parotid gland. In both cases sepsis developed at the point at which the flap entered the mouth. In one case a spontaneous perforation occurred and the other required drainage. If one elects to fold the flap medially and pass it superficial to the zygomatic arch, the route described by Lewis and Remensnyder, i.e., deep to the masseter, is preferable. PMID- 7355173 TI - Intraoperative identification of the gracilis muscle for vaginal reconstruction. PMID- 7355174 TI - Intraoperative identification of the gracilis muscle for vaginal reconstruction. PMID- 7355175 TI - Nasal septum osteotome. AB - A new chisel for nasal septum osteotomy in craniofacial surgery is reported. With the aid of a guide wire, the cranial base is completely protected from inadvertent penetration. The direction of osteotomy can be changed because of the chisel's central fenestration, even if placed incorrectly at the beginning. PMID- 7355176 TI - Subcutaneous mastectomy for benign breast lesions with immediate or delayed prosthetic replacement. PMID- 7355177 TI - Comparison of 0.25% Marcaine with 0.50% Xylocaine as local anesthetic agents (both with 1:200,000 epinephrine) PMID- 7355178 TI - Inner space and outer space identity in contemporary females. AB - Historically, attempts to achieve experimental confirmation of hypotheses in psychoanalytic theory have been very limited. As Nelson (1976) has pointed out, the psychoanalytic literature is abundantly filled with articles and symposia dealing with the inherent difficulties of psychoanalytic research. This study represents an attempt to translate an area of analytic theory into an experimental paradigm and to use the paradigm in a test of the validity of the theory. The theory being tested in Erikson's (1968) theory of identity formation in females. The findings lead to a suggestion that Erikson's theory is in need of modification as a description of contemporary women. The study is discussed here in the context of Erikson's theory and the analytic writings on the female inner space. PMID- 7355179 TI - E. E. Cummings and the thoughts that lie too deep for tears. Of defense in poetry. PMID- 7355180 TI - Oedipal equivalents in a clan culture: reflections on Navajo ways. AB - Patterns have emerged in anthropological and clinical work with Navajos which seem inconsistent with out present formulation of the Oedipus complex and its place in the emotional maturation process. This paper evolved out of an effort to reconcile psychoanalytic concepts with Navajo symptoms, experiences, feelings, and beliefs. PMID- 7355181 TI - Correlates and accompaniments of promiscuous sex among male homosexuals. AB - Until the past decade or thereabouts the psychoanalytic perspective has dominated writings on homosexuality. This almost inevitably entailed a concentration on the search for its etiological origins (Weinberg and Williams, 1974, pp. 3--4). As a consequence, the issue of the nature of the various styles of homosexual expression has been relatively neglected. An exploration of the "disconcerting variability" (Tripp, 1975, p. 133) of homosexual lifestyles is an extremely recent topic among researchers. Too often in the past homosexuality has been conceived of as a uniform entity: its contrasts with heterosexuality were exaggerated and similarities within homosexuality were overemphasized. Variation in modes of homosexual expression cries out for empirical attention (Bell and Weinberg, 1978, pp. 21--25). It is our intention in this paper to undertake an empirical exploration of some accompaniments of one dimension of homosexual behavior--having sexual experiences with a large number of partners. Far from asserting that this is characteristic of many or most homosexual men, we seek to differentiate them and understand to what extent the lives of men at the upper end of this continuum are intertwined with other, typically negatively regarded aspects of sexual life. PMID- 7355182 TI - Developmental stresses in medical education. AB - In attempting to understand the nature of emotional disturbances in medical student populations, one inevitably is drawn to the study of the complex interactions between the demands of the medical school environment and the adaptive capacities of students. In our work as psychiatric consultants to the University of Colorado Medical Center Student Health Service, we have found it useful to conceptualize the four-year medical curriculum as presenting the student with a series of adaptive and development tasks. The appearance of emotional disturbance is seen to relate as much to the particular developmental stress confronting the student as to his long-standing character structure and psychopathology. In this paper, we will describe and illustrate with clinical material major developmental tasks likely to elicit emotional distress in students. Indicators of potentially adaptive versus maladaptive resolutions will be outlined, and some suggestions for helpful intervention offered. Unique issues faced by women medical students will also be reviewed. PMID- 7355183 TI - Mother-child management of interactions at choice points. AB - This ethological study investigates the interactional processes involved in the management of choice behaviors between mothers and their children in a natural situation. The research problem concerns the behavioral mechanism of "offering choices," and its role in establishing children in control of the management of interactions at choice points. PMID- 7355184 TI - The sociocultural dynamics of mass hysteria: a case study of social conflict in West Malaysia. AB - This discussion of an episode of mass hysteria in a Malay college in West Malaysia examines stress and conflict in relation to the interpretive process within a specific social setting. Unlike previous studies, which conceptualize mass hysteria as a cathartic response to accumulated stress, the present study treats stress as a matter of definition in a specific sociocultural context rather than as an objective given from which predictions can be made. Objections are raised to the logic of explanations that attribute mass hysteria to environmental stress. What is of concern is how meanings are assigned to events that are experienced as stressful, how participants and observers explain these events, and the consequences that follow from their interpretations. PMID- 7355185 TI - Component configuring in compound electrodermal conditioning with human subjects. PMID- 7355186 TI - Cognitive and somatic events associated with discriminative changes in heart rate. PMID- 7355187 TI - A psychophysiological comparison of type A and B men exposed to failure and uncontrollable noise. PMID- 7355188 TI - Recall, recognition, and rate: memory and the heart. PMID- 7355189 TI - Sleep, performance and mood after the energy-expenditure equivalent of 40 hours of sleep deprivation. PMID- 7355190 TI - Energy expenditure, heart rate, and ambulation during shock-avoidance conditioning of heart rate increases and ambulation in freely-moving rats. PMID- 7355191 TI - Facial muscle patterning and subjective experience during affective imagery: sex differences. PMID- 7355192 TI - Physiological detection of deception: measurement of responses to questions and answers during countermeasure maneuvers. PMID- 7355193 TI - Electrodermal response dysfunction in patients on maintenance renal dialysis. PMID- 7355194 TI - Jerman Memorial Lecture. Computer reconstruction of radiographic images. AB - The use of computers in radiographic film analysis is being seriously investigated in this country and in other parts of the world. The potential impact on radiologic technology should be considered and examined. This paper will give an overview of some of the work being done and the implications for the future in radiologic technology. PMID- 7355195 TI - The issue of tenure and its future. AB - Tenure is being questioned by the public in light of competency-based education and teacher accountability. Academic freedom is essential, but some tenured faculty compromise the quality of education students receive. Renewable contracts may hold part of the answer to this issue. PMID- 7355196 TI - Rationale behind criterion-referenced clinical evaluation tools (a look at the ASRT recommendations). AB - Predicting and assessing learning outcomes through the use of behavioral objectives is increasing in programs of radiologic technology. The American Society of Radiologic Technologists has made available an instrument for evaluating student clinical performance and by examining the assumptions underlying this instrument we may better understand the theoretical basis upon which criterion-referenced evaluations are founded. PMID- 7355197 TI - Paper chase: does academic degree make a difference? AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the employment related differences between graduates of baccalaureate and associate degree programs in allied health education. Specifically, graduates were compared with respect to the level of professional responsibility, salary, geographic mobility, and job satisfaction. Data regarding a job placement of radiologic technologists from a baccalaureate program are reported. PMID- 7355198 TI - Improving coronary angiograms. AB - Coronary angiography is an important procedure, and the best quality radiographs possible are essential to accurate diagnosis. Aside from the technical factors necessary to produce good images, the ability of the patient to breathe properly greatly influences the radiographic outcome. The breathing technique described here has been found effective, and teaching patients how to do it is an integral part of the technologist's role in the examination. PMID- 7355199 TI - Essentials and guidelines of an accredited educational program for the radiographer. AB - The Essentials were initially adopted in 1944, and revised in 1955, 1969, and 1978. They were adopted by the American College of Radiology, the American Medical Association, The American Society of Radiologic Technologists, and the Program Review Committee of the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology. The Essentials, which represent the minimum accreditation standards for an educational program, are printed here in regular type face. The extent to which a program complies with these standards determines its accreditation status; the Essentials, therefore, include all requirements for which an accredited program is held accountable. The Guidelines, explanatory documents that clarify the Essentials, are printed in italic. Guidelines provide examples, etc., to assist in interpreting the Essentials. PMID- 7355201 TI - New radiography test specifications effective May 1980. PMID- 7355200 TI - ALARA concept--now a requirement. PMID- 7355202 TI - Visibility and sharpness of lung structure at 90, 140, and 350 kV. AB - Human lung specimens containing a variety of lesions were radiographed at 90, 140, and 350 kV. Nodules less than 3 mm in diameter and linear shadows less than 0.3 mm in diameter were either not visible or poorly seen at 350 kV. Larger lesions were seen well with all three kilovoltages, although the interfaces were more distinct on the 90- and 140-kV views. The best images were obtained at 90, slightly worse at 140, and least satisfactory at 350 kV; in general, however, most features of the normal and diseased lung were readily seen at all three kilovoltages. The apparent degradation of the lung image at high kV levels may be explained by the large focal spot of the 350-kV system and the attenuation properties of high-energy photons. PMID- 7355203 TI - Displacement of the right paraspinous interface: a radiographic sign of acute traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta. AB - Displacement of the right paraspinous interface is a moderately sensitive and highly specific sign of acute traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta. In the appropriate clinical setting, it is an indication for further evaluation and consideration of aortography. PMID- 7355204 TI - A simple method of teaching three-dimensional coronary artery anatomy. AB - A simple method of teaching the three-dimensional anatomy of the coronary arteries is presented. The technique utilizes the concept of two imaginary circles around the interventricular and atrioventricular grooves, respectively. The hands and fingers of the trainee and/or a demonstrator are used to represent the various cardiac structures. PMID- 7355205 TI - Aphthoid ulcerations in gastric candidiasis. AB - Tiny aphthoid erosions appear to represent the earliest detectable radiographic change in gastric candidiasis. In this report, the radiographic appearance of these lesions is correlated with gross and microscopic pathologic anatomy, and the progression of these ulcerations to deeper linear furrows is illustrated. It is hoped that the detection of the gastric candidiasis at this early stage will hasten therapy, and thus decrease the risk of fulminant infection in the immunocompromised host. PMID- 7355206 TI - Primary retroperitoneal teratoma in adults: presentation of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Retroperitoneal teratomas are rare in adults; they are malignant in 25.8% of cases. The authors report two benign cases in which radiologic examination was essential in establishing the diagnosis. Irregular calcifications, which are visible in 61.5% of reported cases, cannot be considered a sign of benignity, since 12.5% of calcified tumors were malignant. Because of the indeterminate course of the disease, surgical removal is indispensable. PMID- 7355207 TI - Mammographic parenchymal patterns and risk factors for breast cancer. AB - A classification scheme to mammographically identify women at high risk for breast cancer proposes four patterns of breast duct prominence: N1 (normal), P1, P2, and DY (dysplasia). The authors investigated the claims of several studies that women who later get breast cancer are more likely than controls to be in the P2 and DY categories, and attempted to determine whether parenchymal patterns are related to known epidemiological risk factors. Mammograms of the noncancerous breast of 102 women with cancer were matched according to age and race with those of 204 controls; the two sets were intermixed and classified by parenchymal type. Patients and controls were similarly distributed by parenchymal type, the majority being P2 and DY. Nulliparous women and women with a family history of breast cancer were those most likely to fall into the P2 and DY categories. The risk estimates associated with these categories vary considerably across studies, and breast parenchymal patterns may be related to other known risk factors. PMID- 7355208 TI - Scoliosis secondary to fractures of the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae. AB - Fractures of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae may be difficult to identify radiographically because they are often obscured by gas and feces. With unilateral fractures, there is often scoliosis convex to the side of the fractures. We propose that this may be due to the ineffective action of the ipsilateral quadratus lumborum muscle which inserts into the transverse processes. The unopposed action of the contralateral quadratus lumborum results in scoliosis convex to the side of the fracture(s). Awareness of this cause of scoliosis can help in differentiating it from scoliosis caused by other painful abdominal processes, and may aid in recognition of the fracture(s). PMID- 7355209 TI - Lumbar spine metastasis in cervical carcinoma: a characteristic pattern. AB - A review of 339 cases of uterine cervix carcinoma revealed lumbar spine involvement characterized by unilateral destruction or sclerosis of contiguous vertebrae, often with disk narrowing and accompanied by high ureteral obstruction. The left side is usually involved probably due to direct invasion from tumor-containing lymph nodes. PMID- 7355210 TI - Healing of lytic Paget bone disease with diphosphonate therapy. AB - In a patient with Paget disease, two of three lytic fronts ("blade-of-grass" lesions) healed according to radiologic criteria during intermittent diphosphonate therapy. PMID- 7355211 TI - New standards of cortical mass in the humerus of neonates: a means of evaluating bone loss in the premature infant. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop standards for quantitating bone loss in premature infants. Cortical measurements of the humerus, including the outside diameter (T), the inner diameter (M), the cortical thickness (C), and the cortical area (CA), were calculated for 132 newborn infants who weighed between 500 and 3,686 g and ranged in gestational age from 22 to 40 weeks. The measurements were correlated with the independent variables of gestational age and birth weight, and are presented graphically. With the method of cortical measurement described in this study, it may be possible to determine the causes of bone loss, and to find ways to correct it. PMID- 7355212 TI - Neonatal embolism due to thrombosis of the ductus arteriosus. AB - The authors present a case of disseminated emboli originating in a thrombotic, aneurysmal ductus arteriosus in a neonate. In a critically ill neonate, the arteriographic appearance of ectatic, elongated, and tortuous vessels proximal to a stenotic segment is suggestive of multiple arterial emboli. PMID- 7355213 TI - Calcification associated with duodenal duplications in children. AB - Calcification of intestinal duplications is rare, and it is most uncommon in duodenal duplications. In this report, two cases illustrate distinct forms of calcification associated with duodenal duplication cysts. Each type may be confused with calcifications in other benign or malignant lesions. Calcified duodenal duplication cysts should be considered when investigating spherical upper abdominal calcifications. PMID- 7355214 TI - Soft-tissue anatomy within the spinal canal as seen on computed tomography. AB - The CT appearance of the vascular, ligamentous, and neural tissues in the spinal canal was studied in 50 patients and 5 cadavers. In some patients, iodinated contrast medium was first injected into the ascending lumbar veins, nucleus pulposus, or theca. Positive identification of spinal soft tissues on the CT image was made by reference to cadaver dissections. The spinal cord, nerves, root sheaths, retrovertebral plexus, epidural and basivertebral veins, posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum, intervertebral disks, and vertebral arteries can be demonstrated by CT, indicating its value in the diagnosis of disease of the cord, disk, and epidural space. PMID- 7355215 TI - Pituitary apoplexy: diagnosis by computed tomography. AB - Computed tomography (CT) now enables the early diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy. Since CT can detect blood, it can document acute or chronic hemorrhage in pituitary adenomas. In addition, CT can discriminate between densities other than blood and can therefore be used to diagnose those cases of pituitary apoplexy in which infarction and necrosis predominate. These conclusions were verified by a review of 10 apoplectic patients studied by CT. Although nine diagnostic delays occurred tissue confirmation by surgery in eight cases and autopsy on one made us familiar with the CT findings which should be useful in future diagnosis. PMID- 7355216 TI - Computed tomography of Moyamoya disease: demonstration of occluded arteries and collateral vessels as important diagnostic signs. AB - Diagnosis of moyamoya disease primarily depends on the angiographic demonstration of stenosis and occlusion of the carotid bifurcation, and extensive parenchymal and leptomeningeal collaterals. According to previous reports, computed tomography (CT) reveals multiple low density areas in the brain, with atrophic changes. Based on this review of six cases, CT with contrast enhancement often reveals tortuous, curvilinear vessels in the basal ganglia, corresponding to extensive parenchymal and leptomeningeal collaterals on angiography. The most proximal portions of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries are often poorly visualized. When multiple low density areas or subarachnoid hemorrhages are encountered on CT, these findings in the basal ganglia should be sought for differential diagnosis. PMID- 7355217 TI - The use of computed tomography in recurrent rectal tumors. AB - Thirty-six patients treated surgically for carcinoma of the rectum were examined by computed tomography (CT) to determine its value in investigating local pelvic recurrence. Thirteen patients with suspected recurrence but no clinical or radiological evidence of disease and 19 patients with known recurrence were scanned. This study indicates that CT is effective for diagnosing local recurrence from carcinoma of the rectum and accurately delineates the extent of tumor spread, as well as organ and muscle involvement. The value of CT for screening patients at high risk of developing pelvic recurrence is discussed. PMID- 7355219 TI - Ultrasound demonstration of anicteric dilatation of the biliary tree. AB - This report presents eight patients with dilatation of the biliary tree, six of whom had no clinical or laboratory evidence of biliary tract disease except for elevated levels of serum alkaline phosphatase. In two patients, dilatation was caused by obstruction of only one hepatic duct; in three, it was caused by a pancreatic tumor; and in three, it was associated with gallstones which exercised a ball-valve effect, producing intermittent obstruction. The elevation of the alkaline phosphatase level in six of these patients suggests that it is a more sensitive indicator of biliary tract obstruction than the serum bilirubin level is. The recognition of biliary dilatation in one or both lobes of the liver should lead to a careful examination, with ultrasound or another modality, of the porta hepatis, common bile duct, and pancreas. PMID- 7355218 TI - Computed tomography of acetabular fractures. AB - Computed tomography (CT) is helpful in delineating the extent and configuration of fractures of the acetabulum. These injuries are frequently complex, and the precise pathological anatomy is not easily demonstrated by conventional radiographs. In some cases CT will reveal a fracture which may not be seen on the radiograph. In addition, the extent of soft-tissue damage and joint involvement is precisely demonstrated with CT. Five cases are presented to illustrate the value of CT in acetabular fractures. PMID- 7355220 TI - Sonographic findings in primary carcinoma of the gallbladder. AB - The sonographic appearance in 4 cases of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder is correlated with the surgical and pathological findings. A fungating tumor had the greatest chance of resection, with findings dependent on the location and size of the mass. Infiltrating lesions were highly malignant. In less advanced cases, tumor infiltration caused irregular thickness of the gallbladder wall which was readily distinguishable from edema due to cholecystitis. In advanced cases, gallstones and stone shadowing coexistent with the tumor were important diagnostic clues, permitting differentiation between primary gallbladder carcinoma and neoplasms originating elsewhere. Sonography can provide critical diagnostic information which cannot be obtained by other conventional procedures. PMID- 7355221 TI - Ultrasonic-pathologic classification of splenic abnormalities: gray-scale patterns. AB - In order to more specifically define splenic abnormalities with gray-scale ultrasound, a prospective study was performed involving 40 patients with splenomegaly and/or diseases of the spleen. The following sonographic patterns were found: (a) uniform splenic sonodensity, equal to that of the liver (normal); (b) uniform splenic sonodensity, less than that of the liver (low sonodensity); (c) focal defect, more dense than adjacent spleen (sonodense and sonolucent perisplenic defects. Each pattern was found to be associated with certain pathologic categories, which formed a basis for the ultrasonic-pathologic classification of splenic disease. With the use of these patterns, a more specific diagnosis of splenic abnormalities may be made. PMID- 7355222 TI - Post-splenectomy: true mass and pseudomass ultrasound diagnosis. AB - Ultrasound plays a major role in the evaluation of mass lesions in the postoperative period. Diagnostic pitfalls may occur in post-splenectomy cases when stomach and bowel loops settle into the splenic fossa and simulate mass lesions. While true masses such as subphrenic abscess, pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocyst are essentially unchanging in appearance or location when scanned in varying patient positions, pseudomasses of stomach or bowel loops often do change, Awareness of possible post-splenectomy pseudomass is important in order to avoid confusing the gastrointestinal tract with a pathological condition. PMID- 7355223 TI - Ultrasonography of rapidly growing uterine leiomyomata associated with anovulatory cycles. AB - Three cases of rapidly growing leiomyomata uteri in young oligomenorrheic women are presented. The atypical ultrasonic and histologic findings are discussed. A spectrum of atypical ultrasonic findings including a high degree of transonicity and multiple areas of cystic degeneration is described. Histologic examination correlates well in explaining the sonographic characteristics. In addition, a possible relationship between the presumably anovulatory cycles present in these women and their rapidly growing leiomyomata is suggested. PMID- 7355224 TI - Sonography of benign sacral teratoma in utero. AB - Sacral teratoma is rarely diagnosed in utero. In the case presented, gray-scale sonography revealed a teratoma in utero, demonstrated the proportion of solid and cystic components, and identified calcification. These are important features, since solid tumors lacking calcification are usually malignant, and cystic or complex tumors as well as those with calcification are usually benign. PMID- 7355225 TI - Simultaneous 99mTc-P-butyl-IDA and 131I-rose bengal scintigraphy in neonatal jaundice. AB - Eight neonates with jaundice were studied simultaneously with 99mTc-p-butyl-IDA and 131I-rose bengal. Due to physical decay, 99mTc-p-butyl-IDA failed to demonstrate delayed excretion through the patent extrahepatic biliary tract in 3 of 5 patients with concomitant hepatitis; 131I-rose bengal showed small-bowel activity in all 5. Neither agent demonstrated small-bowel activity in 3 neonates with extrahepatic biliary atresia. Based on this clinical trial, 131I-rose bengal remains the radiopharmaceutical of choice for distinguishing between hepatitis and biliary atresia in these patients. PMID- 7355227 TI - Distribution and tissue dose of intraperitoneally administered radioactive chromic phosphate (32P) in New Zealand white rabbits. AB - Radiophosphorus (32P) has become the preferred radioisotope for intraperitoneal radiotherapy in the adjuvant treatment of ovarian cancer. In a study of the distribution and tissue dose of intraperitoneally administered 32P in rabbits, effective half-lives of 32P and the radiation dose absorbed by intra-abdominal tissues were determined. Results show that 32P is not uniformly distributed over the peritoneal surfaces and that many areas are minimally irradiated. It is concluded that a significant fraction of the 32P distribution is systemic and that the beta-ray dose for intra-abdominal tissues is much lower than suggested by theoretical models. PMID- 7355226 TI - Comparison of bone scintigraphy and radiography in multiple myeloma. AB - Radionuclide images and skeletal radiographs of 51 patients with multiple myeloma were compared to assess the sensitivity of scintigraphy in detecting radiographically evident disease. Comparable studies were available for 562 sites. The radionuclide image was relatively insensitive in detecting myeloma; it failed to show radiographically evident disease or underestimated its extent at 27% of the sites. On a limited number of serial images there were 7 sites at which a scintigraphic abnormality preceded the radiographic abnormality. No definite correlation was found between scintigraphic findings and hematologic parameters of myeloma activity. Although the radionuclide image may demonstrate a few sites of myeloma before the radiograph, radiography remains the primary method of evaluating skeletal involvement by myeloma. PMID- 7355228 TI - Increased tissue differentiation using color display of multiple-energy CT scans. AB - Just as the average value of the attenuation coefficient can be represented by the brightness of the pixel, the energy structure of the attenuation coefficient determines its hue. This can be measured by filtering the x-ray beam with W, Pb, and Sn at 100, 120, adn 140 kVp, respectively. The color differences seen in (a) CT images of phantom materials such as iodine and calcium, (b) brain specimens containing hemorrhage, meningioma, glioblastoma, or metastases, and (c) preliminary in vivo head and body scans represent variations in chemical composition across the tissue section. Measurements show that energy-selective filtration increases the separation between effective energies while reducing the dose for the same number of transmitted x rays. PMID- 7355229 TI - Analysis of the steepness of the dose-incidence curve for necrosis in mouse tails after a multifraction x-ray schedule. AB - The steepness of the dose-incidence curve for necrosis of mouse tails was measured in detail after a multifractionated schedule of 15 fractions over 19 days. The steepness is compared with curves reported previously for some other rodent and human tissues, and it is analyzed in terms of a composite mean lethal dose for the fractionated treatment of the target cells envisaged as responsible for tail necrosis. It is shown that this dose of 2.3 +/- 0.3 Gy (230 +/- 30 rad) is equivalent to the inverse slope of the tangent to the survival curve for single doses, at the mean dose fraction used of 4.3 Gy (430 rad). PMID- 7355230 TI - The juxtaphrenic peak in upper lobe collapse. AB - Steeple-shaped shadows adjacent to the diaphragm are common in upper lobe collapse due to a variety of causes. They call attention to upper lobe collapse and should not be considered indicative of intrinsic lower lobe abnormality. PMID- 7355231 TI - Ultrasonically guided percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and percutaneous pancreatography. AB - Ultrasonically guided percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and percutaneous pancreatography were successfully performed in a patient with periampullary carcinoma. The entire biliary tree, including the dilated pancreatic duct, was visualized on both occasions. The techniques used are described, and the clinical significance of ultrasound as a guide in percutaneous puncture is discussed. PMID- 7355232 TI - In vivo radiographic appearance of the St. Jude valve prosthesis. AB - The St. Jude valve prosthesis has radiopaque leaflets which can be seen by cinefluoroscopy to determine their in vivo movement. Laboratory and clinical experience with visualization of various components of the prosthesis is described. PMID- 7355233 TI - Postoperative percutaneous kidney stone extraction. AB - Retained stones may be found in patients who have undergone operations for multiple renal calculi. These stones often produce morbidity and must be removed. The authors describe a technique using a nephrostomy tube, placed during the initial operation, to extract stones percutaneously. PMID- 7355234 TI - Percutaneous antegrade bilateral dilation and stent placement for internal drainage. AB - The authors describe a percutaneous method of establishing a channel betweeen the ureter and bladder across an obstruction. This technique, which involves a balloon catheter and placement of pelvivesical stents to provide internal drainage, is useful when the underlying disease contraindicates surgery and when retrograde catheterization from the bladder has failed. Palliation is achieved with little discomfort or risk to the patient. PMID- 7355235 TI - A modified needle-hookwire technique to simplify preoperative localization of occult breast lesions. AB - Accurate preoperative localization of breast lesions is important to ensure removal of the suspected area without also removing large quantities of tissue. By using a hook retracted into the needle lumen, repositioning prior to the final anchoring of the wire in the tissue is simplified. PMID- 7355236 TI - A modified blurred undersubtraction method (BUS) and its applications. AB - A modification of a previously described method of enhancing radiographs for photography is presented. The mask to be used during photography is produced by exposing a subtraction film with the radiograph and two layers of diffusing glass in between it and the x-ray copier. Various applications for producing other types of masks are also discussed. PMID- 7355237 TI - Guided puncture under real-time sonographic control. AB - A new method of percutaneous thin-needle biopsy is presented. The needle is guided sonographically under visual control. This method is safe, economical, and tolerated well by the patient. PMID- 7355238 TI - Radiologic technology and education: the role of the radiologist. AB - Present methods of accreditation of education of all programs in radiologic technology and credentialling of radiologic technologists are based on the activities of the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRC-ERT), and the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT), but with increasing role of government in this process. Because it is so important to radiology and radiologists that this process continue, radiologists are urged to play a more active role. PMID- 7355239 TI - Radiographic changes in the irradiated lung. PMID- 7355240 TI - Double and single contrast arthrography of the knee. PMID- 7355241 TI - Current cancer immunology. PMID- 7355242 TI - Review of experimental studies on nitrosourea derivatives in Japan. AB - Four antitumor nitrosourea derivatives under development in Japan are described. Among these, GANU and MCNU, having very similar structures to chlorozotocin, are water-soluble compounds, and CDL-7 and EBNU are rather insoluble in water. The latter two are before clinical trials, and like other nitrosourea derivatives, have a marked antitumor activity in mouse leukemia L1210. Though GANU and MCNU are in the stage of clinical studies, it seems premature to draw conclusions about them. Antitumor activity and pharmacologic studies on four nitrosourea compounds under development in Japan are reviewed. These compounds are: 1-(2 chloroethyl)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea (GANU), 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3 (methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranos-6-yl)-1-nitrosourea (MCNU), DL-1(2-chloroethyl)-3 (hexahydro-2-oxo-azepin-3-yl)-1-nitrosourea (CDL-7), and 1,1'-ethylene-bis(1 nitrosourea) (EBNU). PMID- 7355243 TI - The clinical evaluation of analogues, IV. Nitrosoureas. PMID- 7355245 TI - Effect and mode of action of N4-behenoyl-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. AB - N4-Behenoyl-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (behenoyl ara-C, NSC 239336) enhanced chemotherapeutic activity against L1210 murine leukemia as compared with 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C). Behenoyl ara-C was resistant to deamination by cytidine deaminase, which was supposed to be liable for inactivating ara-C in vivo. Behenoyl ara-C exerted chemotherapeutic activity when administered before implantation of leukemic cells, suggesting prolonged circulation in the body fluid. These two findings indicate that the resistance to the enzymatic deamination and hydrophobicity endowed by behenic residue were responsible for the enhanced chemotherapeutic activity of behenoyl ara-C. This idea was supported by the finding that ara-C encapsulated in liposome enhanced chemotherapeutic activity. PMID- 7355246 TI - Strategy for evaluation of a new antitumor agent in the treatment of breast cancer. PMID- 7355247 TI - The National Cancer Institute's Natural Products Antineoplastic Development Program. AB - The present Natural Products Antineoplastic Development Program of the National Cancer Institute is reviewed, and the potential new anticancer agents being developed in each of the three natural products programs, fermentation, plant, and animal, are discussed [2, 5]. PMID- 7355244 TI - Review of a new antimetabolic agent 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU). AB - A new 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) derivative, 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU), has been developed in the National Cancer Center, and its phase I study is being performed in Japan by a clinical study group involving major institutions. Its LD 50 values are nearly equal to those of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT 207) and greater than those of 5-FU, and this compound is more effective than the latter two analogues against various experimental murine tumor systems. In the phase I study, the incidence ratio of side effects was dose dependent, and the characteristic subjective symptoms were hot sensation and pollakisuria. No hematologic or serum biochemical changes were noted. PMID- 7355248 TI - Methodology of phase I study in Japan. AB - This paper reviews the methodology of phase I study in Japan. Most leading institutions participated in a phase I study when the decision was made to proceed with clinical trials after detailed analysis of experimental results of a new antitumor agent. An initial dose in phase I study used to be calculated according to the dose comparable to the minimum effective dose, 1/100 of LD 50 (mg/kg) in rodents, but the dose recently has been estimated based on one-tenth of mouse LD 10 (mg/m2) or one-third TLD in sensitive large animals. Qualitative prediction through preclinical toxicology indicated better correlation with clinically observed toxicities in gastrointestinal and hematopoietic systems, but renal and hepatic toxicities were being overestimated, and neurologic and skin toxicities were being underestimated. A recent trend in the development of new antitumor agents has been to find a less toxic and more effective compound. This has made phase I study more complicated, because metabolites produced in the midway of metabolic pathway might induce unprediced toxicities. Several approaches to conduct a phase I study more efficiently are discussed. PMID- 7355249 TI - The new NCI screen and its implications for clinical evaluation. PMID- 7355250 TI - Methodology phase II clinical trial in cancer. PMID- 7355251 TI - Phase II study of antineoplastic agents in Japan. PMID- 7355252 TI - Clinical strategy for evaluation of anthracycline analogues. PMID- 7355253 TI - [Roentgenological diagnosis of the functioning of the cervical spine (author's transl)]. AB - Basing on literature and 230 own functional examinations of the cervical spine, the author reports on a roentgenological method which satisfies practical requirements. In patients with degenerative and post-traumatic changes, the extent and localisation of the disorders of function and structure of the vertebrae can be determined by this method, enabling discovery of functional disorders in a large number of patients with clinical cervical spine syndrome. X ray functional testing is shown to be a necessary complement to conventional x ray diagnosis and clinical examination. PMID- 7355254 TI - [Special factors governing x-ray examination of the hip joint in children (author's transl)]. AB - The special features governing roentgen examinations of the hip joint in children in respect of positioning, x-ray technique and radiation protection, are explained. Particular attention is paid to the criteria of an accurate focussing of the pelvis in infants. Furthermore, standard focussing procedures and x-ray symptoms are described for the following diseases and malpositionings: changes of the centre-collum-diaphysis angle (coxa vara, coxa valga), torsional hip, epiphysiolysis capitis femuris, aseptic necrosis of the femoral head (M. Perthes), and coxitis in babies, infants, and juveniles. PMID- 7355255 TI - [Roentgenological methods for measuring the spine (author's transl)]. AB - Roentgenological measuring methods applicable to the vertebral column are reviewed on the basis of the roentgenological and orthopaedic literature, and described in the form of sketches and instructions regarding their application. The measuring methods reviewed in this article are used by radiologists and clinicians to assess the extent and severity of diseases of the spine, as well as to keep a watch on the course of such diseases. PMID- 7355256 TI - [Determination of the antetorsional angle at the femur with axial computer tomography]. AB - The antetorsional angle was determined in several patients as well as in an isolated femoral bone by means of computer tomography. A comparison with Rippsteins method shows good correlation, taking different definitions of the antetorsional angle into consideration. Due to a mathematical correction method, the CT determination method is independent of the positioning of the patient. PMID- 7355257 TI - [On the problem of knee joint articular space in the x-ray film (author's transl)]. AB - Measurements of the width of the intraarticular space were performed in x-ray films of 64 human knee joints (32 patients), taken laterally, and in standing position after 24 hours of rest in bed or after exposure to load for one hour. In more than half of the knee joints, the width of the intraarticular space increased after load. However, the distance between the articular surfaces rarely changed in the same patient in the same sense in the right and left knee joint, respectively medially and laterally. Hence, this method of indirect measurement of the cartilaginous layer is unsuitable, and the question raised in literature regarding the cartilaginous changes under load can be explained as being due to influx of fluid or as an expression of the viso-elastic properties of the articular cartilage. PMID- 7355258 TI - [Influence of depth compensation on the visualization properties of ultrasound image methods (author's transl)]. AB - Due to the enormous absorption of ultrasound in body tissue an amplification of the echo signals, depending to the pulse transit time, is absolutely necessary for ultrasonic measurements. The influence of the adjustment of the depth compensation facility on the imaging characteristics of ultrasonic methods is examined with phantom measurements in water and in mineral oil, which provide a suitable phantom substance for body tissue. The importance of the reflector geometry for the adjustment of the depth compensation facility appears from measurements at a frequency of 2 MHz with a plane and a spherical reflector. The results demonstrate the necessity to adapt the adjustment of the facility to both, the utilized transducer and the respective diagnostic question in order to avoid errors in evaluation. The effects of depth compensation and reflector geometry on the ultrasound image are demonstrated by using a special arrangement of phantomes. PMID- 7355259 TI - [Roentgenological analysis of the mobility of the diaphragm in functional pulmonary disorders (author's transl)]. AB - Analysis of pulmonary function and densitometric examinations were carried out side by side in 41 patients with various types of pulmonary disorders. The results of both examination methods show good correlation and enable the physician to make a definite statement on the type of bronchopulmonary disease in the examined patient. The definite information which can be gained via this specific roentgenologic method justifies its use alongside the methods of pulmonary functional analysis. PMID- 7355260 TI - [Lymphographic pattern in lymphogranulomatosis -- a study on the prognostic value and relation to histology (author's transl)]. AB - The possibilities offered by lymphography with regard to supplying clear information in respect of prognosis and histology in patients with lymphogranulomatosis, were analysed in 83 patients via retrospective evaluation of clinical data and x-ray findings, using a computer. Disclosure of pathological lymphangiographic changes signifies poor prognosis not requiring further differentiation. Analysis of the pathological storage patterns appears to indicate that these are images of an infiltrative process proceeding in three stages. Solitary filling defects appear first, followed by a lucunar image and, finally, a cystic storage pattern. No different prognostic conclusions can be drawn from the individual stages. No correlation was found between lymphographic storage patterns and histological findings. PMID- 7355261 TI - [Clinical experiences in rapid infusion of jotroxamide in cholegraphie (author's transl)]. AB - Jotroxamid has been infused intravenously in 60 patients within 10 minutes for cholegraphy. At the evaluation, contrast medium side effects, heterotopie excretion, quality of contrast and length of examination time have been considered. Reactions to the contrast medium were low compared with the results of other authors, an increase of cases with roentgenographie demonstrable heterotopic excretion could not be observed. Opacification of the biliary duct system was except in 2 cases very good. The total examination time was compared with the conventional infusion rate 30 minutes less. PMID- 7355262 TI - [Sonography in the Diagnosis of Intrahepatic Cholangiectasis (author's transl)]. AB - The sonographic pattern of signs associated with cholangiectasis is analysed in 25 patients. The extent of dilatation of the bile ducts correlates with the bilirubin level and the duration of the disease. Discrepancies occur in fibrose processes in the biliary tract region and in localised cholangiectases. Sonography is a basic radiologic examination method if there is any suspicion of obstruction to flow in the biliary tract. Findings obtained via sonography are the starting-point of further examinations. PMID- 7355263 TI - [On the diagnosis of the duodenal ulcer in oral cholecystography (author's transl)]. AB - Retention of contrast medium in oral cholecystography, manifested by an incomplete ring or any other sign in the right epigastrium, is a rare occurrence. However, if such retention is discovered, the roentgenologist must immediately suspect the presence of an active duodenal ulcer, so that it will be imperative to perform contrast medium examination of th stomach right away. PMID- 7355264 TI - "Peer" review. PMID- 7355265 TI - A prescription for monitoring drugs. PMID- 7355266 TI - Rand issues final alcoholism report. PMID- 7355267 TI - Decision on Aspartame due this year. PMID- 7355268 TI - Cellular senescence in a cloned strain of bovine fetal aortic endothelial cells. AB - The life-span in vitro and other proliferative characteristics of a strain of endothelial cells cloned from the aorta of a fetal calf were examined. Cultures of these cells had a replicative life-span of approximately 80 cumulative population doublings. Growth rates in the logarithmic phase and plateau densities decreased as the cumulative population-doubling level increased. After approximately 65 percent of the life-span of a culture was completed, the percentage of cells that incorporated [3H]thymidine during a 24-hour labeling period began to decrease rapidly. The cells expressed factor VIII antigen and their intercellular borders were stainable with silver nitrate throughout the life-span of each culture. Average cellular attachment size increased more than threefold between cumulative population-doubling levels 41 and 80. The facility with which cloned strains of endothelial cells can be isolated should encourage further exploitation of this important cell culture model. PMID- 7355269 TI - Ala-Gly- and Val-Asp-[Arg8]-vasopressin: bovine storage forms of arginine vasopressin with natriuretic activity. AB - Extracts of fresh-frozen bovine neurohypophysis were purified by chromatographic techniques to isolate and characterize the components that produce natriuresis in nondiuretic dogs. Two compounds with natiuretic properties similar to those of synthetic arginine vasopressin accounted for most of the natriuretic activity and appeared to be the prevalent vasopressin-like molecules in the extract. These peptides were Ala-Gly-[Arg8]-vasopressin and Val-Asp-[Arg8]-vasopressin; the natriuretic potency of each appeared to be similar to synthetic arginine vasopressin and could be observed with doses in the range of 50 picomoles. In the dog the most conspicuous difference between synthetic arginine vasopressin and the new vasopressin peptides was the smaller pressor responses to natriuretic doses of the new compounds. PMID- 7355270 TI - Eyeblinks and visual suppression. AB - A technique for bypassing the eyelids permits equivalent visual stimulation of the retina before, during, or after a blink. Sensitivity to these stimuli decreases during voluntary blinks. This indicates that the source of the deficit is neural rather than optical. Such a visual loss may help to explain the common experience that most blinks go unnoticed. PMID- 7355271 TI - Adapting to two orientations: disinhibition in a visual aftereffect. AB - The tilt aftereffect of adapating to two different orientations simultaneously is weaker than the aftereffect of adapting to the more effective of the two orientations alone. This finding is consistent with explanations of orientational after-effects in terms of lateral inhibition between cortical orientation detectors, but not with explanations in terms of neural "fatigue" from excitation. PMID- 7355272 TI - Rat model for carcinogenesis in ureterosigmoidostomy. AB - A rat model is used to study the carcinogenesis that occurs when urine is surgically diverted into the fecal stream, as in ureterosigmoidostomy. Adenocarcinoma of the colon occurs adjacent to the urine inlet. It is completely prevented by proximal diversion of the feces, implying that fecal carcinogens are activated locally by the urine or the urothelium. PMID- 7355273 TI - Local effect of the blastocyst on estrogen and progesterone receptors in the rat endometrium. AB - Nuclear receptors for both estradiol and progesterone were present in twofold higher concentrations in implantation sites than in nonimplantation regions of the endometrium of 6-day pregnant rats. Decidualization in the absence of an embryo was not accompanied by a similar increase in the concentration of nuclear receptors. Moreover, this difference in receptor distribution between the implantation and nonimplantation areas persisted when a major part of the maternal supply of sex steroids was suppressed by ovariectomy on day 5 of pregnancy. These results support the hypothesis that steroids originating from the embryo affect the endometrial implantation site. PMID- 7355274 TI - Calcium transients during excitation-contraction coupling in mammalian heart: aequorin signals of canine Purkinje fibers. AB - Aequorin signals in mammalian heart muscle cells reveal the existence of two temporally distinct processes that increase cytoplasmic calcium ions after membrane excitation. The differential dependence of these processes on the pattern of stimulation suggests that the first process is, or is closely related to, calcium entry through the surface membrane and that the second is calcium release from intracellular storage sites. PMID- 7355275 TI - Parathyroid hormone: a coronary artery vasodilator. AB - Injection of synthetic bovine parathyroid hormone (the amino terminal peptide containing the first 34 amino acids) to the coronary circulation of the dog resulted in a marked coronary vasodilation. The vasodilatory response was dose dependent and amounted to a 161 percent increase over the resting flow rate at a concentration of 1.0 unit per kilogram. PMID- 7355276 TI - Identification of mosquitoes of Anopheles gambiae species complex A and B by analysis of cuticular components. AB - Two important vectors of malaria in Africa, Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae), often occur sympatrically and cannot be distinguished morphologically. A chemical method was developed to identify individual laboratory-reared adult males or females of either species by extraction and analysis of cuticular components with gas chromatography. Statistically significant differences were seen between species when selected pairs of peaks were compared. PMID- 7355277 TI - Lateralization of reward in rats: differences in reinforcing thresholds. AB - Fourteen rats with bilaterally implanted lateral hypothalamic electrodes were allowed to self-stimulate each side of the brain during daily test sessions. Rotation (circling behavior) during self-stimulation sessions was also recorded. All rats rotated in preferential direction regardless of the side of the brain stimulated, and, in each case, the direction was the same as that subsequently determined in response to d-amphetamine. All rats had asymmetries in self stimulation thresholds related to the direction of rotation. Thresholds were lower on the side contralateral to the direction of rotation, and entire rate intensity functions were displaced to the left on that side. The results, discussed in terms of lateralization of affect, suggest a model in which quantitative differences in neuronal firing can be translated into apparent qualitative specialization, with the two sides of the brain appearing to be specialized for high and low mood, respectively. PMID- 7355278 TI - Binocularity in the cat visual cortex is reduced by sectioning the corpus callosum. AB - In the normal cat, most cells in area 17 can be binocularly driven. Sectioning the corpus callosum results in a significant reduction in binocularly driven cells. Normal binocular vision is thus dependent on the corpus callosum. PMID- 7355280 TI - EPA sets rules on hazardous wastes. PMID- 7355279 TI - Do the two eyes constitute separate visual channels? AB - A two-interval forced-choice procedure was used to study monocular detection of a briefly presented low-contrast sine-wave grating pattern. Uncertainty about which eye was stimulated degraded detection performance for stereo-blind observers but not for normal ones. These results relate to selective monocular suppression, stereopsis, and other forms of binocular interaction and suggest the level at which inputs to the two eyes are combined neurally. PMID- 7355281 TI - Government weakens airport noise standards. PMID- 7355282 TI - Fluorescent light induces malignant transformation in mouse embryo cell cultures. AB - Fluorescent light induced a dose-dependent malignant transformation in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells. A plateau in the dose-response curve for transformation was correlated with that observed with ultraviolet light exposure. The similarity in the two dose-response patterns suggests that similar molecular processes may be involved in the induction of malignant transformation by the two types of radiation. PMID- 7355284 TI - Babesia bovis: continuous cultivation in a microaerophilous stationary phase culture. AB - The protozoan parasite Babesia bovis, a causative agent of bovine babesiosis, has been continuously cultivated in a settled layer of bovine erythrocytes. Lowered oxygen tension within the layer of host erythrocytes results in a darkening of infected cultures and provides a rapid means of evaluating parasite growth. Deprivation of carbon dioxide causes the merozoites to accumulate in the medium rather than involving new erythrocytes. When separated from the culture, these extraerythrocytic parasites retain their infectivity. Parasites produced in vitro are morphologically identical to parasites from the blood of infected cattle and are susceptible to antibabesial drugs. PMID- 7355283 TI - Artificial sweetener use and bladder cancer: a case-control study. AB - In a case-control study of 302 male and 65 female bladder cancer patients and an equal number of other patients matched to them in age, sex, hospital, and hospital-room status, no association was found between use of artificial sweeteners or diet beverages and bladder cancer. No dose-response was observed with respect to quantity or duration of use of the two combined. No evidence was found to suggest that artificial sweeteners or diet beverages promote the tumorigenic effect of tobacco smoking. Artificial sweetener and diet beverage use strongly reflected socioeconomic status among controls with various diagnoses. PMID- 7355285 TI - Mebendazole therapy of parenteral trichinellosis. AB - Mebendazole was highly effective against the helminth parasite Trichinella spiralis in mice subjected to a 3-day course of treatment during the invasive and encystment phases of experimental trichinellosis. When treatment began either 2 or 4 weeks after the mice were inoculated with parasites, the number of larvae developing in the host musculature was greatly reduced by twice-daily oral administration of 3.125, 6.25, or 12.5 milligrams of mebendazole per kilogram of body weight. PMID- 7355287 TI - Differences in the distribution of gray and white matter in human cerebral hemispheres. AB - The distribution of gray matter in the two cerebral hemispheres was determined by the xenon-133 inhalation method. There was more gray matter relative to white matter in the left hemisphere than in the right, particularly in the frontal and precentral regions. This finding suggests that the organization of the left hemisphere, relative to that of the right, emphasizes processing or transfer within regions, or both, rather than transfer across regions. PMID- 7355286 TI - Vomeronasal pump: significance for male hamster sexual behavior. AB - Vomeronasal chemoreceptors segregated within the vomeronasal organ are important for male hamster sexual behavior. An autonomically controlled vascular pump, previously demonstrated in anesthetized animals, can transport stimuli to the receptors. Interruption of the efferent nerves controlling the pump results in behavioral deficits similar to those produced by interruption of the afferent nerves carrying information from the vomeronasal organ to the brain. Pump activation is thus a prerequisite for normal vomeronasal stimulation in behaving animals. PMID- 7355288 TI - Caffeine study. PMID- 7355289 TI - Radioactive wastes from biomedical institutions. PMID- 7355291 TI - Industry readies for interferon market. PMID- 7355290 TI - Collagen: molecular diversity in the body's protein scaffold. AB - Intensive research in the last decade has revealed a wealth of detail on the mechanism of biosynthesis, molecular structure, and covalent cross-linking of collagen. Tissues of higher animals express a family of at least five genetically distinct types of collagen molecule, each apparently tailored for different construction work outside the cell. Within each genetic type of collagen, further chemical heterogeneity is also evident; the variations in hydroxylation, glycosylation, and cross-linking are dependent, for example, on tissue type, age, and hormonal status. The functional significance of collagen's molecular diversity and its control by different cells and tissues are not yet well understood but abnormalities of collagen in many human diseases keep this protein a focal molecule of medical research. PMID- 7355292 TI - A bank for Nobel sperm. PMID- 7355293 TI - Ape-language controversy flares up. PMID- 7355294 TI - Origin of cushion tissue in the developing chick heart: cinematographic recordings of in situ formation. AB - Differential interference microscopy and time-lapse cinematography were used to determine unequivocally the origin of cushion tissue cells migrating in situ in the atrioventricular region of the embryonic chick heart. These studies have verified the presumed endocardial origin of cushion tissue mesenchyme. PMID- 7355295 TI - Intensity fluctuation spectroscopy monitors contractile activation in "resting" cardiac muscle. AB - Intensity fluctuations in a laser beam scattered by nonbeating isolated rat cardiac muscle varied directly with the calcium concentrations in the bathing fluid. The steady-state level of these fluctuations varied directly with calcium dependent force suggesting that the intensity fluctuations reflect an interaction of calcium ions with the myofilaments. The demonstration that both a portion of resting force and the frequency of intensity fluctuations vary directly with calcium even in quiescent conditions indicates that some contractile activation is present in the resting muscle. PMID- 7355296 TI - Brainstem catecholamine neurons are target sites for sex steroid hormones. AB - Sex steroid hormones and catecholamines have physiological interactions in the brain. By the combined use of autoradiography and fluorescence histochemistry, steroid hormone target sites and catecholamine neurons were visualized simultaneously in the same tissue preparation. By this dual localization method, [3H]estradiol and [3H]dihydrotestosterone target sites were identified in nuclei of many catecholamine cell bodies in the brainstem, and catecholamine nerve terminals were observed near certain steroid hormone target neurons. These results suggest close anatomical interrelations between steroid hormone sites of action and catecholamine sites of production and action in the brain. PMID- 7355297 TI - Rate of acoustic change may underlie hemispheric specialization for speech perception. AB - Phonemically similar syllables, differing only by temporal acoustic cues, were presented dichotically to investigate temporal processing mechanisms in hemispheric specialization for speech. Reducing the rate of acoustic change within syllables while keeping their phonemic characteristics constant significantly decreased the characteristic asymmetry in processing speech. PMID- 7355299 TI - Letter from the editor: pneumonias. PMID- 7355298 TI - Elevated blood acetaldehyde levels in alcoholics and their relatives: a reevaluation. PMID- 7355300 TI - Localized alveolar shadows, solitary or multiple. PMID- 7355301 TI - Case of the winter season. PMID- 7355302 TI - Hypersensitivity pneumonias. PMID- 7355303 TI - The acute bacterial pneumonias. PMID- 7355304 TI - Pneumonia in children as it differs from adult pneumonia. PMID- 7355305 TI - Status of PUVA therapy. PMID- 7355306 TI - Recognizing the teen-ager who needs to be pregnant. PMID- 7355307 TI - Recognizing the teen-ager who needs to be pregnant: a clinical perspective. AB - Based on the last three years' clinical experience with 600 inpatient adolescents at the Adolescent Center of Houston International Hospital, this paper reviews the pregnancy issue in terms of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. The majority of the patients were white middle-class girls ranging in age from 12 to 17. The clinical symptoms which especially identified at-risk patients were (1) failure experiences, (2) stymied aggression, (3) rights of passage proclamation, (4) parental complicity, (5) the guaranteed spouse, (6) perceived love deprivation, (7) contrived need for parental acceptance, and (8) pseudoknowledge. Secondary prevention is described in terms of (1) parents' group for the parents of the young parents, (2) use of peer group psychotherapy, and (3) parents' groups as a means for dealing with "pregnancy substitutes." Tertiary prevention is depicted in terms of (1) peer group psychotherapy in the postabortion phase, (2) use of peer groups and parents' groups to avoid further pregnancies, and (3) peer/parents' group psychotherapy as a source of contraceptive information. Illustrative vignettes are included for each category. Follow-up at six months after hospitalization has supported the effectiveness of the methods of intervention described. PMID- 7355308 TI - Erythrocytosis associated with carboxyhemoglobinemia in smokers. AB - During a two-year period, we evaluated 14 patients with erythrocytosis. Carboxyhemoglobinemia secondary to cigarette or cigar smoking or both caused elevated hematocrit values in ten of the patients, and in all 14 either red cell volume was increased or plasma volume was decreased. There was no correlation between the number of cigarettes or cigars reportedly smoked and either the degree of carboxyhemoglobinemia or the hematocrit value, In three patients who stopped smoking permanently, hematocrit values decreased from a mean of 56% to 46%. Even though the high hematocrit value reversed when these patients stopped smoking, we met with limited success in persuading the others to do so. PMID- 7355309 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia. AB - We present a patient with Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia who relapsed after a course of apparently appropriate antibiotic therapy. A literature review of successfully managed patients with this infection suggests clinical efficacy of aminoglycosides if therapy is continued for at least two weekon are presented. Close follow-up after therapy is required for early recognition and prompt treatment of relapse. PMID- 7355310 TI - Acute calcareous deposits of the hand and wrist. AB - Acute calcareous deposits of the hand and wrist have been infrequently reported. A review of the literature and five recent cases indicate that these painful lesions will respond rapidly to immobilization and medication. Differentiation from infection is important. PMID- 7355311 TI - Acute pancreatitis in Reye's syndrome: a fatal complication during intensive supportive care. AB - Acute pancreatitis was an unexpected complication during the course of intensive supportive management in five patients with Reye's syndrome. Four of the five patients died and one survived with transient neurologic deficits. Although corticosteroid therapy, fluid restriction, and hypothermia may have contributed to the development of this complication, acute pancreatitis may represent a severe manifestation of visceral metabolic dysfunction in Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7355312 TI - Cholecystectomy with closed suction drainage. AB - In this prospective, consecutive, and nonrandomized study, 200 patients had cholecystectomy in a seven-month period. Half of them had drainage with Penrose drains and the other half with a closed suction system. The average hospitalization was one day shorter in the latter. No complications related to its use were found. Retrospective evaluation appears to indicate some conservation of medical care expenditures. PMID- 7355313 TI - Asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Ten asymptomatic patients with biochemical, immunologic, and histologic features of primary biliary cirrhosis are described. Their liver disease was first suggested by an elevated alkaline phosphatase level upon routine biochemical screening tests. Increasing awareness of this disease has led to its increased detection in asymptomatic patients. It is this group of asymptomatic patients from whom we will learn more about the natural history of primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 7355314 TI - Avulsion of the common bile duct by blunt trauma. AB - Two cases of common bile duct avulsion by blunt trauma are presented. These injuries are rare and the treatment is controversial, but the better repairs are choledochoduodenostomy and choledochojejunostomy. Primary repair is not indicated. PMID- 7355315 TI - Screening for hypertension in adolescents: the search for normal values. AB - Appropriate control of adult hypertension is currently challenging our health care system. Evaluation of juvenile hypertension may assist in alleviating this massive medical problem by helping to identify potentially remediable risk factors. Assessment of "normal" blood pressure values for children and adolescents must first be accomplished before attempting modification of "abnormals." A hypertension detection and referral surveyed the blood pressures of 7,498 New Orleans high school students aged 14 to 18, to identify youngsters with high blood pressure and to refer them for further evaluation; to demonstrate the range of adolescent blood pressures in this population; to stimulate cooperative blood pressure screening efforts; and to increase the awareness of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors. Peer group analysis for age, sex, and race showed some variation and divergence to the "tracking" effect. Black boys, for example, showed a sharp increase in diastolic blood pressures at age 16. Blood pressures greater than the 90th percentile are recommended as criteria for referral for further medical evaluation, and were found in this study to be 140-150/84-90 mm Hg for boys and 130-140/84-90 mm Hg for girls. PMID- 7355316 TI - Prostatic needle examination: current clinical concepts. AB - A survey of urologic training programs was undertaken to determine the clinical usage of needle biopsy technics in evaluating prostatic disease. The most popular procedure was transperineal (57%), performed on an inpatient basis (62%). Transrectal biopsy was slightly less popular (43%), with 100% of the surveyed institutions using prebiopsy antibiotic coverage versus only 24% with the transperineal technic. An average of 3.25 cores per biopsy procedure were obtained. Various advantages and disadvantages of each procedure including the use of anesthesia and analgesia are discussed and future direction is proposed. PMID- 7355317 TI - Urethral urinary extravasation and complications. AB - Ten cases of urinary extravasation from the male urethra are reviewed. Parameters include etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and complications. Prognosis may be predicted by extent of extravasation, associated disease states, and presence of shock. All cases were treated with antibiotics and surgical therapy which varied from simple minimal drainage to extensive debridement. There were no fatalities. It is concluded that this individualized regimen offers the least mortality and morbidity. PMID- 7355318 TI - Sickle cell centers of tomorrow. Part I: Regional information centers. AB - Regional sickle cell organizations are needed to assemble, catalogue, and distribute information, to maintain teaching programs, to serve as referral agencies, and to aid individuals with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies in obtaining maximal benefit from existing community services. The governing body should be representative of the entire area. More than half of the voting members should be adults with the sickle cell trait or sickle cell disease and/or their relatives. A suggested minimal staff could consist of a secretary-librarian and a director. The usefulness of the "Center" to patients, especially at the time of their recurrent painful episodes, could be greatly extended by the maintenance of a 24 hour telephone answering service. Funding of the "Regional Sickle Cell Information Center" by the United Way is recommended. PMID- 7355319 TI - Sickle cell centers of tomorrow: Part II: Research, diagnostic laboratory tests, mass screening, medical care, and community services. AB - The main activities of the sickle cell centers of tomorrow should be to assemble, catalogue, and distribute knowledge, to serve as a referral agency, and to encourage donations for basic and applied research to qualified and fiscally responsible institutions. Sickle cell centers should not attempt to operate diagnostic laboratories or provide medical care unless research is the main purpose. Mass screening programs should be phased out. Sickle cell centers should coooperate with and aid in upgrading existing community services but should not attempt to duplicate existing programs on a categorical sickle cell basis. PMID- 7355320 TI - Economic impact of quality control in diagnostic radiology. AB - With ever-increasing costs confronting health care facilities, much attention is being focused on various cost-containment projects. Although it is generally assumed that a radiology department quality control program will increase costs, institutional savings may also result. A comprehensive quality control program involving continuing education, simplification of technic, processor control, standardization of cassettes, and preventive maintenance resulted in substantial savings for a medical school radiology department. PMID- 7355321 TI - Arsenic poisoning. AB - Arsenic poisoning continues to require awareness of its diverse clinical manifestations. Industry is the major source of arsenic exposure. Although epidemiologic studies strongly contend that arsenic is carcinogenic, there are little supportive research data. Arsenic poisoning, both acute and chronic, is often overlooked initially in the evaluation of the patient with multisystem disease, but once it is suspected, many accurate methods are available to quantitate the amount and duration of exposure. Treatment with dimercaprol remains the mainstay of therapy, and early treatment is necessary to prevent irreversible complications. PMID- 7355322 TI - Clinicopathologic conference. University of Oregon Health Sciences Center. Hepatosplenomegaly and diffuse lymphadenopathy in a young woman. PMID- 7355323 TI - Bibliotherapy: Rx--literature. AB - Bibliotherapy is the use of any literary work in the treatment of physical or emotional problems. It is practiced by a variety of professionals including librarians, psychoanalysts, educators, and behavioral scientists. Patrons, outpatients, inpatients, students, clients and parishioners are some of the participants in bibliotherapy sessions. The literature used may be the spoken or the written word or audiovisual, and it may be self-produced or otherwise. Bibliotherapy can be divided into two divisions, psychotherapeutic and educational. An emotional release occurs in bibliotherapy, and healing may take place. Insight may be gained, and personality may be altered. To be a facilitator and to avoid any adverse effects of bibliotherapy, the bibliotherapist must know books and people and must have training in psychotherapy and literature. Bibliotherapy is a form of communication involving the renewing of the mind. PMID- 7355324 TI - Semantics of general medicine. AB - The words "education" and "training" are examined in the context of contemporary general internal medicine. Based upon the definitions of these two words, the words "practical" and "management" are assuming new meanings which reflect an approach to the patient distinct in a number of ways from the classic one. Conflict may arise when members of two groups attribute distinct and differing meanings to the single word. PMID- 7355325 TI - Unilateral pulmonary artery aplasia presenting with chest pain and pleural effusion. AB - A 58-year-old woman with a pleural effusion and left chest pain was found to have unilateral absence of the left pulmonary artery. She is unique in that she had recurring pleural effusions and chest pain for 26 years, which has not been previously described with this rare disorder. PMID- 7355326 TI - Fatal myocarditis associated with abortion in early pregnancy. AB - Primary myocardial disease in early pregnancy is a rare phenomenon. We describe four abortion-related deaths in the United States from 1975 through 1978 which were attributed at postmortem examination to myocarditis in the first trimester of pregnancy. Three of the four deaths were associated with conditions which have a presumed immunologic mechanism. PMID- 7355328 TI - Adenomyomatous polyp of the stomach. AB - An unusual and rare benigh tumor of the distal antrum is described with radiologic and photomicrographic illustrations. Often confused with leiomyomas or pancreatic rests, the diagnosis has been made only at operation. With the newer technics that are now available, such as snare cautery or large-particle endoscopic biopsy, surgery may be avoided. PMID- 7355327 TI - Propranolol-related bronchospasm in patients without history of asthma. AB - Three patients with no history of asthma or allergy developed bronchospasm while taking propranolol for hypertension. The bronchospasm was severe in all three and in one patient resulted in respiratory arrest. Since the bronchospasm was relieved with discontinuation of propranolol and supportive bronchodilator therapy, the bronchospasm was believed to be caused by propranolol. Furthermore, each patient was subsequently treated with other antihypertensive medications which, like propranolol, contain the stabilizer additive tartrazine. Bronchospasm did not recur, making it unlikely that tartrazine hypersensitivity caused this problem. Regardless of a negative history of asthma, therefore, life-threatening bronchospasm must be considered a possible complication of propranolol therapy. PMID- 7355329 TI - Coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus and myasthenia gravis. AB - The coexistence of myasthenia gravis and systemic lupus erythematosus in a 52 year-old woman is reported. Review of the literature shows that systemic lupus erythematosus occurs much more often in the myasthenia gravis population than in the population in general. Myasthenia gravis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in a patient with weakness and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7355330 TI - Medroxyprogesterone in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. AB - We have described a patient in whom complete regression of pulmonary metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) followed treatment with medroxy-progesterone acetate (Depo-Provera). Although the reported rate of objective response to progesterone therapy in RCC is only 10% to 15%, the occasionally dramatic results, especially in men, warrant a trial of this agent. Other more toxic agents have consistently failed to provide significant responses. PMID- 7355331 TI - Multicentric glioma or metastatic disease: a problem in diagnosis. AB - The case of a 56-year-old woman with a breast mass and two separate, intracerebral lesions demonstrated by computerized axial tomography of the brain is reported. Evaluation revealed no primary neoplasm, and a diagnosis of multicentric glioma was made and confirmed by postmortem examination. This entity, known to neurospecialists, has had no previous exposure in the literature dealing with general medicine. This patient demonstrates a possible diagnostic pitfall which may arise in this age of readily available computerized axial tomography. PMID- 7355332 TI - Fludrocortisone therapy for hypercalcemia. AB - A patient with mild hypercalcemia associated with adenocarcinoma of the lung was treated with fludrocortisone, a synthetic mineralocorticoid. Hypercalcemia resolved during therapy in conjunction with sodium retention and increased weight. Volume expansion and weight gain were highly correlated with decreases in the serum calcium level. Augmented urinary calcium excretion was documented in the first week of therapy and is the likely mechanism for the observed lowering of serum calcium levels. Long-term fludrocortisone therapy was not associated with signs of hyperaldosteronism and appears to be an effective means of controlling mild hypercalcemia. PMID- 7355333 TI - Unilateral arteriomegaly. AB - We have described a patient with unilateral arteriomegaly. The dilated, tortuous arteries with markedly prolonged flow are characteristic, but the unilaterality has not been previously reported. The arteriomegalic femoral artery was used for a femorofemoral graft for the opposite side, with a good result. PMID- 7355334 TI - Aneurysm of anomalous right subclavian artery. AB - A 67-year-old man presented with a mediastinal mass and multiple arterial emboli to the right hand caused by an aneurysm of an anomalous right subclavian artery. Operative management was successful. We have reviewed other reported cases of this lesion. PMID- 7355335 TI - Total anomalous systemic venous return. AB - We have described an 18-year-old boy who is asymptomatic nine years after surgical correction of total anomalous systemic venous return. His clinical course and anatomy are compared to the eight previously reported patients. PMID- 7355337 TI - Severe local reactions to pneumococcal vaccine. AB - Two patients who received pneumococcal vaccine had severe pain and swelling that extended beyond the site of injection. Both patients were atopic, and each had either received pneumococcal vaccine in the past or had had extensive laboratory contact with pneumococci. Care must be exercised in selecting patients for revaccination with pneumococcal vaccines. PMID- 7355336 TI - Rhabdomyolysis in a patient with nonoliguric renal failure: similarities to the toxic-shock syndrome. AB - We have described a 13-year-old girl with idiopathic rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria, and nonoliguric renal failure. The biochemical abnormalities and enzyme and isoenzyme values and their interrelationship to the hosptial course are stressed. We believe our patient's condition had marked similarities to the toxic-shock syndrome. The case illustrates the importance of the rapid recognition of myoglobinuria so that its potentially fatal biochemical abnormalities may be expeditiously identified and treated. PMID- 7355338 TI - Unilateral lobar pneumonia with empyema caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - A 62-year-old woman died of a combination of pneumonia, empyema, emphysema, and severe heart disease. The pneumonia was due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a rarely if ever reported causative agent in pulmonary infection. Autopsy ruled out other sites from which the organism could have originated. PMID- 7355339 TI - Nosocomial cryptococcal infection. PMID- 7355340 TI - Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity. AB - Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is uncommon. Four cases are presented. The average age is in the sixth decade. Early diagnosis is difficult and prognosis is generally poor. Efforts toward earlier detection and treatment are recommended. PMID- 7355341 TI - Vertical and horizontal nystagmus in magnesium deficiency. PMID- 7355342 TI - Meningitis in typhoid fever: an unusual complication. AB - A case of Salmonella typhi meningitis in a 15-month-old child was manifested only by organisms in the CSF, emphasizing the need for spinal tap in children with typhoid fever. The infection responded satisfactorily to special drug therapy. PMID- 7355343 TI - Migraine. PMID- 7355344 TI - Tendon rupture and steroid therapy. PMID- 7355345 TI - Cyproheptadine therapy in Cushing's disease and Nelson's syndrome. PMID- 7355346 TI - [The financial aspect of autopsy]. PMID- 7355347 TI - Anaesthetic horrors. PMID- 7355348 TI - The clinical assessment and management of patients with prosthetic cardiac valves: A review of current practice at the Cardiac Clinic, Groote Schuur Hospital. AB - This review deals with the clinical assessment and management of patients with prosthetic cardiac valves. The types of prosthesis available are considered, with special reference to those which have been used frequently at Groot Schuur Hospital. The common complications encountered are described, as well as the clinical features of normally and abnormally functioning prostheses. The management of anticoagulant medication, pregnancy, infective endocarditis, systemic embolism and haemolysis in these patients is discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the urgent referral to a cardiac department of patients with posthetic malfunction or conditions in which there is a potential for the development of malfunction. PMID- 7355349 TI - Distribution and biosocial correlations of blood pressure levels in Johannesburg blacks. AB - Blood pressures were measured in a sample of Johannesburg Blacks consisting of 5 018 men and 5 028 women attending the local Labour Bureau. Blood pressure levels correlated positively with age and body mass and were higher in males than females when weight was taken into account. Hypertension was common in both sexes and at most ages; in the 4th decade about one-third of men and women had phase 4 diastolic pressures greater than 90 mmHg. Correlations of blood pressure with a number of social variables were generally unimpressive. There was some evidence that blood pressure was inversely related to educational status and was higher in young adults who (a) lived apart from their families compared with those who lived in family units, and (b) grew up in a rural area and then migrated to Johannesburg compared with those who had lived in Johannesburg all their lives. PMID- 7355350 TI - [Tibia and fibula fractures]. PMID- 7355353 TI - Erythema multiforme -- an unusual reaction to BCG vaccination. AB - An eruptive form of erythema multiforme subsequent to BCG vaccination seen in a young Black nurse is reported. In a short review of the literature the author emphasizes that specific and nonspecific complications may occur after inoculation, but that the rare occurrence of these cutaneous manifestations cannot undermine the value of this preventive measure. PMID- 7355354 TI - Treatment of severe metabolic alkalosis with intravenous infusion of hydrochloric acid. PMID- 7355352 TI - 'Missed beats' in a fetus. A case report. AB - The unique documentation by ultrasonography of a cardiac conduction abnormality in a fetus resulting in 'missed beats' is presented. Whereas cardiac arrythmias in the neonate are well described, the aetiology in the fetus remains obscure. PMID- 7355355 TI - Exchangeable transhepatic drainage in benign obstructions of the proximal hepatic duct. PMID- 7355351 TI - Typhoid fever: A report on a point-source outbreak of 69 cases in Cape Town. AB - In 1978, after a party in a Cape Town suburb attended by several hundred people, 69 persons were treated for typhoid fever. The precise source of the infection could not be traced, although it is reasonable to suppose that food eaten at the party had been contaminated by the main caterer. All 57 cultures of Salmonella typhi phage-typed were of phage type 46, including that obtained from the stool of the main caterer, who was asymptomatic. An epidemiological profile of the cases and an account of the management of the outbreak is given. There were no deaths and no patient became a carrier. Although the outbreak was contained, certain problems relating thereto are aired, including in particular the potential hazard of food-borne disease wherever housing and environmental standards are low. PMID- 7355356 TI - Combined use of ultrasonography and gallium scanning in the diagnosis of pelvic pathology. AB - Ultrasonography and gallium-67 citrate scanning are two relatively new noninvasive diagnostic aids that have proved useful in the evaluation of neoplastic and inflammatory processes. These two procedures have a complementary role rather than a competitive one in the diagnosis of infections and tumors. Both procedures can be used with mutual benefit and, as a consequence, improved accuracy in clinical diagnosis may be obtained. We consider this approach to be of value in the modern evaluation of patients with inflammatory and neoplastic pelvic processes, offering new possibilities for noninvasive diagnosis and management. PMID- 7355357 TI - Postoperative gastric mycosis. AB - Significant symptoms postoperatively may be associated with massive growth of yeast organisms in the gastric remnant. Contrary to reports in the literature, the roentgenologic appearance is suggestive but not diagnostic of the presence of gastric mycosis. In our series, roentgenologic studies, gastroscopy and direct microscopic examination of the gastric contents have been required to establish the diagnosis of gastric mycosis. In our experience, as well as in that of other reported series, gastric mycosis has been most frequently seen following vagotomy and antrectomy with Billroth I reconstruction. The physiopathology is speculative, but abnormal gastric emptying of solids, increased intragastric pH and reflux of duodenal contents into the stomach are strongly suggestive factors. Treatment of this condition, as reported in the literature, has been empiric and not quite successful. Our treatment protocol has given us more satisfactory results. Postoperatively, gastric mycosis is a benign condition not associated with obstruction of the gastric outlet or the intestine, gastric hemorrhage, anemia or peforation. Aggressive treatment is not justified in the absence of severe symptoms. If the reflux of duodenal contents is suspected to be an important contributing factor, reconstruction of the gastric outlet using the Roux-en-Y principle may give gratifying results. PMID- 7355358 TI - Mitochondrial dysfunction of the liver and hypoglycemia in hemorrhagic shock. AB - In this study, the aim was to characterize the relationship of hypoglycemia to hepatic mitochondrial function and hepatic glycogen stores in late hemorrhagic shock. With the use of a modified Wiggers' model of hemorrhagic shock, blood glucose, hepatic mitochondrial function and hepatic glycogen were measured when reinfusion of 60 per cent of the shed blood was required to maintain the blood pressure at 30 millimeters of mercury. Defective mitochondrial energy-linked metabolism was more sensitively detected with isocitrate as substrate than with alpha-ketoglutarate, succinate or malate. The correlation between the blood and hepatic glycogen content was only 0.43 when oxidative phosphorylation was coupled. When oxidative phosphorylation with isocitrate was uncoupled, the relationship between blood glucose and hepatic glycogen was exponential, with a correlation of 0.91. The results suggest that defective energy-linked mitochondrial function impairs gluconeogenesis and that hypoglycemia occurs when oxidative phosphorylation becomes uncoupled and hepatic glycogen stores are subsequently depleted. PMID- 7355359 TI - Complications of jejunoileal bypass related to the excluded segment. AB - Dogs having a jejunoileal bypass, with the distal end of the bypassed segment being exteriorized as an ileal stoma, were compared with a control group having a Payne type jejunoileal bypass. In both groups, approximately 83 percent of the small intestine was bypassed. All except one dog survived the full six months of the study. During the first four months after the jejunoileal bypass, the dogs having an ileal stoma had more stable food consumption, less weight loss and higher levels of serum albumin than did those of the control group. During this period the bypassed segment in dogs of the control group usually contained bacteroides, whereas, after ileostomy, the segments were usually free of these organisms. At six months after jejunoileal bypass, there was no significant difference in the two groups with regard to nutrition, weight and the presence of bacteroides in the excluded segment. The hepatic structure and function was unaffected by both bypass procedures. Following a jejunoileal bypass in the dog, the complications associated with the excluded segment can be lessened by exteriorizing the distal end of the segment as a cutaneous ileal stoma. PMID- 7355360 TI - Evaluation of operative choledochoscopy. AB - The accuracy of choledochoscopy in demonstrating calculi of the common bile duct has been assessed from 121 examinations with the rigid choledochoscope by 13 different surgeons. Choledochoscopy was used before an exploratory procedure in 48 patients and was without error in 45, but the procedure is not recommended because of the risks of unncessary choledochotomy. Postexploratory choledochoscopy was used in 73 patients. A correct diagnosis of the presence or absence of stones was provided in 64 patients, including unsuspected stones in 13. However, stones were missed in nine patients. When postexploratory T-tube cholangiography was combined with choledochoscopy, there were no diagnostic errors. It is concluded that, in all patients, after choledochotomy, choledochoscopy should be combined with cholangiography. PMID- 7355361 TI - Diseases of the breast in young women. AB - The records of 516 women, less than 30 years of age, requiring biopsies of the breast were reviewed. Four cancers were identified. All 397 biopsies done on patients less than 27 years of age were benign. Young women with masses can be reassured as to the probable benignity of the illness and operative timing made compatible with their other obligations. Greater development of ambulatory care surgical centers is needed to accommodate young women with breast masses to alleviate both anxieties and costs associated with hospitalization. PMID- 7355362 TI - Myoelectric and motor patterns of continent pouch and conventional ileostomy. AB - Our aim was to compare the myoelectrical and motor properties of the continent ileal pouch of 19 patients with those of the terminal ileum of six patients with Brooke ileostomy. The undistended ileum in both types of ileostomy exhibited pacesetter potentials at a mean frequency of 9.1 cycles per minute during fasting upon which were superimposed the cyclic bursts of action potentials and attendant contractions characteristic of the interdigestive state. Both types of ileostomy also accommodated to distention, with intraluminal pressure being kept low as the ileum filled. However, the amplitudes of the changes in intraluminal pressure present in the pouch were less than those present in the Brooke ileum both before and during distention, and the volumes to which the ileum could be distended were far greater in the patients with ileal pouches than in those with the Brooke ileostomy. Feeding did not alter the responses to distention of either type of ileostomy. We conclude that the electrical and motor patterns of the undistended ileum are similar in both types of ileostomy, but that the anatomic and motor properties of the pouch allow it to accept far larger intraluminal volumes both during fasting and after feeding. PMID- 7355363 TI - Hemodynamics of sequential bypass grafts in peripheral arterial occlusions. AB - An experimental model of double arterial occlusion with potential run-off through an intervening arterial segment has been devised to measure the efficacy of sequential bypass grafting in augmenting run-off. Graft flows were augmented in all instances by the addition of a sequential anastomosis. The increases in flow rates ranged from 49 to 182 per cent. PMID- 7355364 TI - A physiologic approach to fluid therapy in severely burned children. AB - Fluid balance data in 30 severely burned children hydrated according to a fluid resuscitation program were reviewed. The formula to estimate fluid requirements is based upon body surface area and surface area burned rather than weight. It uses two independent figures to estimate maintenance fluid needs and fluid requirements as a result of the burn. A standard isotonic solution containing 12.5 grams of human serum albumin is used for hydration. The state of hydration is monitored using several clinical and laboratory guides. The use of hourly urine volume for this purpose has been de-emphasized. Although no complications directly related to fluid therapy were encountered, five of the 30 children died as a result of septicemia five, ten, 12, 23 and 37 days postburn, respectively. A maximal weight increase following resuscitation averaged 4 kilograms per square meter of body surface burned. The volumes of urine that can be expected from patients similarly resuscitated have been defined. This program is safe, accurate and effective for a wide range of burn sizes and age groups. PMID- 7355365 TI - Intraoperative pressure measurements of the choledochoduodenal junction, common bile duct, cysticocholedochal junction and gallbladder in humans. AB - With the use of the perfused system for manometry, the resting pressure profile in the biliary tract system was investigated during operation in 15 patients with gallstones. Resting intraluminal pressure of the gallbladder was lower than the pressure in the common bile duct. At the level of the choledochoduodenal junction, a sphincter with phasic activity was demonstrated. A second high pressure zone was observed at the cysticocholedochal junction without phasic activity. PMID- 7355367 TI - The mesocaval C shunt. AB - A modification of the mesocaval interposition H shunt utilizes the anterior cephalad portion of the superior mesenteric vein on top of the uncinate process of the pancreas as the site of anastomosis. This site is above the branches of the superior mesenteric vein and ensures a vein of large caliber. When the graft is anastomosed to this portion of the vein, it assumes a C configuration. PMID- 7355366 TI - Debunking debulking. PMID- 7355369 TI - The image of the surgeon through drawings. PMID- 7355368 TI - A simplified method and approach to the distal splenorenal shunt. AB - Several procedures have been developed to obtain decompression of protal hypertension for bleeding esophageal varices. In recent years, the distal splenorenal shunt has become popular becuase it causes less encephalopathy than the standard portacaval or mesocaval shunts. A criticism of the distal splenorenal shunt has been the technical difficulty of dissecting the splenic vein and obtaining adequate exposure. We have facilitated some of these difficulties by exposing a retroperitoneal approach and by the use of a Smith ring retractor. PMID- 7355370 TI - Modified costotransversectomy: a surgical approach to ventrally placed lesions in the thoracic spinal canal. AB - A modification of the classic costotransversectomy approach to anteriorly placed lesions in the thoracic spinal canal is described. This operation was used in four cases with excellent results. PMID- 7355371 TI - Persistent otic artery. AB - A patient with a persistent otic artery is presented. The radiographic anatomy is presented in the anteroposterior as well as the lateral plane. The significance of the otic artery is twofold. First, it is important in understanding the embryogenesis of the cerebral vessels. Secondly, it is an anatomical variant that is important in performing and evaluating cerebral arteriograms. PMID- 7355372 TI - Subependymal hematoma in "Moyamoya" disease. AB - A 27-year-old woman in the ninth month of her pregnancy suddently developed nausea and motor weakness of her right lower extremity while shopping. Subsequently a disturbance of consciousness and right-sided hemiparesis developed. Spinal puncture yielded clear CSF but CT scan demonstrated a left subependymal hematoma. Angiographical examination led to a diagnosis of "Moyamoya" disease. The source of the intracranial hemorrhage could not be identified. The hematoma could not have been diagnosed accurately without the CT scan. PMID- 7355373 TI - Chronic spinal subdural haematoma. AB - Chronic spinal subdural haematomas are uncommon. This is the report of a 62-year old hypertensive and diabetic white female, with progressing paraparesis and sensory loss in the lower limbs for six months. There was no history of trauma to the spine. Ascending myelography disclosed a complete block at the first lumbar vertebra. At operation, a characteristic chronic subdural haematoma was found and removed. Postoperative course was uneventful, and nine months after surgery she was asymptomatic. Spontaneous chronic subdural haematoma, although rare, should be considered in the diagnosis of spinal cord compression. Surgical treatment may lead to complete recovery of the neurological deficit. PMID- 7355374 TI - National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke. PMID- 7355375 TI - Computer-assisted (axial) tomography in the management of subarachnoid haemorrhage. AB - A prospective trial of the role of routine computer-assisted (axial) tomography of the brain (CT) in the early management of subarachnoid haemorrhage is reported. A correct aetiological diagnosis was made from the CT scan in 76% of patients. Early routine performance of CT frequently provides valuable information in planning management. PMID- 7355376 TI - Complete excision of arteriovenous malformations of the cervical cord. AB - Total removal of an arteriovenous malformation of the cervical spinal cord is uncommon. Two cases of complete excision of such a malformation confirmed by angiography are reported. PMID- 7355378 TI - Lateral ventricle plexus papilloma and communicating hydrocephalus. AB - A choroid plexus papilloma was found in the right lateral ventricle of a five month-old boy. Though it was associated with an important communicating hydrocephalus, it was seen at operation to be freely mobile and did not directly obstruct the flow of the cerebrospinal fluid. Computerized axial tomography was the most helpful para-clinical investigation for diagnostic purposes, and for follow-up study. Tumor removal alone was sufficient to cure the hydrocephalus, and no shunt was necessary. We feel that this case demonstrates that hyperproduction of CSF is sufficient alone to cause communicating hydrocephalus in patients with choroid plexus papilloma of the lateral ventricle. PMID- 7355379 TI - Geniculate neuralgia and audio-vestibular disturbances due to compression of the intermediate and eighth nerves by the postero-inferior cerebellar artery. AB - A compression of the intermediate, cochlear and vestibular parts of the VIII nerve by a redundant loop of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) was found at autopsy in a patient who suffered during 21 years of geniculate neuralgia associated with tinnitus, hypoacousia and occasional dizziness. The relationship of arterial cross compression to geniculate neuralgia and audio vestibular disturbance is discussed. PMID- 7355380 TI - Occipital encephalocele in an adult. AB - Most encephaloceles are seen in children shortly after birth. An unusual case is reported in which a Nigerian male with an occipital encephalocele was first seen with this malformation at the age of 43 years. The significance of the operative findings is also discussed. PMID- 7355377 TI - Radiopaque solidifying liquids for releasable balloon technique: a technical note. AB - Recently we have reported a catheter having a balloon which can be released simply by twisting the catheter. In the technique, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) has been used as a solidifying liquid to prevent the released balloon from deflating. Since HEMA is not radiopaque, the place and the size of the balloon cannot be visualized under an X-ray image intensifier. The present investigation involves the preparation of a radiopaque, solidifying liquid, by mixing HEMA with a suitable contrast medium such as metrizamide, sodium iothalamate or meglumine sodium iodamide. The use of HEMA-contrast medium mixtures made injection of the solidifying liquids much more controllable. PMID- 7355381 TI - Effect of hyaluronidase on acute spinal cord injury. AB - Three control and five experimental dogs were subjected to 500 gm-cm injury of the midthoracic spinal cord by the weight dropping technique. Five hundred units per kilogram of hyaluronidase injected intravenously 20 minutes after injury in the experimental animals did not alter the loss of dorsal column evoked potentials (nonaveraged) or improve the pathological results up to three hours. These results imply that hyaluronidase will not significantly alter the functional outcome of trauma of the spinal cord in dogs. PMID- 7355383 TI - The influence of systemic aspirin on rat small diameter vein grafts: a scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Small diameter vein grafts have been shown previously to have a poor patency rate unmedicated rats. Oral aspirin administered to male and female rats for one week pre-operatively reduced the number of platelets laid down on the luminal surface of their grafts, and resulted in a greater number of grafts remaining patent up to one hour after the blood flow through them had been established. The patency rate of grafts examined one to 17 weeks after operation was significantly better in female rats than in males given aspirin pre- and post-operatively. The different effect of aspirin in preventing thrombosis of the vein grafts of the two sexes makes its clinical usefulness for this purpose suspect. PMID- 7355382 TI - Bilateral carotid-cavernous fistulae: a review. AB - The clinical course of a patient with bilateral carotid-cavernous fistulae is described. The aetiology and pathophysiology of bilateral fistulae are considered. A review of the literature on this rare lesion is followed by an appraisal of the problems confronting successful surgical management. PMID- 7355384 TI - Obesity surgery in perspective. AB - Increasing numbers of physicians are discontinuing the use of jejunoileal (JI) bypass as a surgical solution to morbid obesity in favor of gastric restriction procedures. However, there is a significant risk that, as with JI bypass several years ago, gastric bypass (or its variations) may be regarded shortly by many as a panacea without sufficient evidence to support this belief. Current evidence suggests that gastric restriction procedures are followed by weight loss similar to that seen with JI bypass, without the high incidence of complications, rehospitalization, reanastomosis, or conversion to another operation for further weight reduction. However, long-term prospective studies which demonstrate permanence of weight loss and absence of late complications of the gastric restriction procedures as yet are unavailable. Therefore, gastric bypass, gastroplasty, and the other variations of gastric restriction should be carried out only in a setting where long-term follow-up (by an experienced multispecialty team) and complete postoperative testing with statistical evaluation are available. PMID- 7355385 TI - The effect of superficial femoral artery occlusion on the outcome of aortofemoral bypass for intermittent claudication. AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of untreated superficial femoral artery occlusion in patients undergoing aortofemoral bypass for intermittent claudication. In 56 patients at a mean follow-up time of 3.3 years, graft patency, treadmill walking tolerance, and ankle systolic pressure indices (ASPI) were compared in two groups of limbs: those with a patent superficial femoral artery and those with that vessel occluded. There was a high graft patency rate with no significant difference between the two groups. In limbs with a patent superficial femoral artery, 86% were completely relieved of claudication. However, in limbs with an occluded superficial femoral artery, only 26% were relieved of claudication. In limbs with a patent superficial femoral artery, the mean postoperative ASPI was 0.87 (SE +/- 0.22) compared with 0.61 (SD +/- 0.17) in limbs with an occluded superficial femoral artery. These results indicate that, in patients with combined superficial femoral artery occlusion and aortoiliac disease, revascularizing the deep femoral artery by aortofemoral grafting often does not achieve relief of claudication. There is a need for more effective hemodynamic discrimination of the relative contribution of proximal and distal occlusions. PMID- 7355387 TI - Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic aorta in close proximity to the anterior spinal artery: a therapeutic dilemma. AB - Operative therapy is generally advocated for the management of chronic traumatic pseudoaneurysms of the aorta. A potential complication of both thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysmectomies is paraplegia secondary to infarction or ischemia of the spinal cord. The present report describes a patient with a traumatic aneurysm of the lower thoracic aorta immediately adjacent to the origin of the anterior spinal artery, both delineated angiographically. In this particular situation, it was elected to follow the patient because the aneurysm was asymptomatic, small, and chronic, and because the risk of spinal cord injury associated with aneurysmectomy was estimated to be high. Serial computerized tomography (CT) scanning was used as a means of measuring the exact aneurysm size. Operation will be recommended if the aneurysm produces symptoms or enlarges, as demonstrated by CT scans. PMID- 7355386 TI - The use of specific thromboxane inhibitors to preserve the dermal microcirculation after burning. AB - Selective thromboxane inhibitors were evaluated as a pharmacological agent in the prevention of progressive dermal ischemia after burning. Standardized partial thickness burns were inflicted on guinea pigs. Burned guinea pigs were separated into four groups: one served as a control, one was treated with Imidazole, one with dipyridamole, and the other with methimazole. Histology and depth of dermal perfusion were evaluated by the India ink perfusion technique. Untreated controls showed progressive dermal ischemia with complete absence of India ink-filled vessels in the dermis by 24 hours. Imidazole, dipyridamole, and methimazole improved dermal perfusion as suggested by relative levels of India Ink filling. Preservation of dermal appendages was seen secondarily to improved dermal microcirculation with an eight-fold increase in hair follicles in treated guinea pigs compared with controls. This study suggest that thromboxane plays a role in progressive dermal ischemia. Selective inhibition of thromboxane avoids the side effects associated with complete suppression of the metabolism of arachidonic acid. PMID- 7355388 TI - Gentamicin dosage requirements: wide interpatient variations in 242 surgery patients with normal renal function. AB - Wide interpatient variations were demonstrated in gentamicin elimination rate and dosage requirements for 242 surgery patients with normal renal function. These patients' half-lives ranged from 0.4 to 13.4 hours as compared to previous reports of 2.5 to 4 hours. The distribution volumes ranged from 0.06 to 0.63 liter/kg, as compared of reported values of 0.20 to 0.25 liter/kg. These wide interpatient variations in kinetic parameters, combined with the need to obtain narrow ranges in serum concentrations, necessitated measuring serum concentrations and individually calculating each patient's dosage regimen early in the treatment course. Using this approach, optimal peak and trough serum levels were consistently produced in these patients. Their required dosage regimens demonstrated considerable variability--ranging from 0.7 to 12.4 mg/kg/day. Compared to the recommended regimen (3 to 5 mg/kg/day), 47% of these surgery patients required higher dosages, and 14% required lower dosages. The incidence of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity were extremely low, with only three patients possibly having gentamicin-associated nephrotoxicity. These results further emphasize the need to measure serum concentrations and make necessary dosage adjustments to ensure therapeutic levels. However, because of the wide interpatient variation, these increased dosage regimens are not routinely suggested without previously measuring serum concentrations. PMID- 7355389 TI - Thromboembolism after insertion of the Mobin-Uddin caval filter. AB - The occurrence, in one patient, of a life-threatening pulmonary embolus 3 days following insertion of a Mobin-Uddin umbrella filter promoted a review of our experience with this device. Over the past 5 years, 41 patients had umbrella filters inserted at the Beth Israel Hospital. Five patients (12%) had proven or probable pulmonary embolization following filer placement. In four of the seven autopsied patients, thrombus was found on the cardiac side of the umbrella, and in one of these patients a fresh embolus was also found in the pulmonary artery. We conclude that the standard (nonheparin-impregnated) Mobin-Uddin umbrella device offers incomplete protection against pumonary embolization in patients who cannot concurrently receive anticoagulant drugs. PMID- 7355390 TI - Pathological fibrinolysis secondary to pseudoaneurysms. AB - Pathological fibrinolysis due to pseudoaneurysms was observed in a patient 4 years after aortobifemoral bypass graft. The patient presented with a pulsatile abdominal mass and ischemic changes in the legs. Excessive bleeding from venipuncture sites prompted coagulation screening, which disclosed rapid clot lysis, fibrin split products, and low fibrinogen suggestive of pathological fibrinolysis. Therapy with epsilon amino caproic acid (EACA, Amicar) controlled the coagulopathy, permitting angiography and operation. Resection of the pseudoaneurysms resulted in resolution of the abnormal fibrinolysis. Normally, there is a balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis protecting against excessive bleeding or clotting. Clot itself is a powerful stimulus for the activation of the fibrinolytic system, although many other factors have been shown to initiate and sustain the process. Fibrinolysis is pathological when the process becomes excessive or inappropriate. Plasminogen is activated to plasmin which digests fibrin. Both plasmin and fibrin split products inhibit polymerization of fibrin monomers (which is the final step in the coagulation cascade in the formation of a stable clot), resulting in an unstable clot which is rapidly lysed. To our knowledge such a coagulopathy has not been reported to be a complication of pseudoaneurysms. PMID- 7355391 TI - Cimetadine as a preoperative medication to reduce the complications of aspiration of gastric contents. AB - In an effort to decrease gastric residual and acid content prior to operation and thus to decrease the risk of aspiration, a prospective clinical trial comparing three drugs was carried out. Eighty-four patients undergoing elective craniotomy for a space-occupying lesion were studied. Twenty-eight patients were premedicated with the anticholinergic atropine (0.01 mg/kg); 28 patients were administered the anticholinergic glycopyrrolate (0.005 mg/kg); and 28 patients were given three preoperative doses of cimetadine and no anticholinergic. Gastric acidity was elevated above pH 2.5 in 93% of those receiving cimetadine, in comparison to 54% for glycopyrrolate and 29% with atropine. In addition, the stomach was completely dry in 54% following cimetadine, and in only 25% and 11% following glycopyrrolate and atropine. Cimetadine is more effective as a preanesthetic agent than anticholinergic drugs in decreasing gastric residual and acid content, and essentially eliminates the risk of aspiration. PMID- 7355393 TI - Predicting the success of a sympathectomy: a prospective study using discriminant function and multiple regression analysis. AB - A prospective study of 72 limbs treated with phenol sympatholysis for inoperable peripheral arterial occlusive disease was carried out in order to determine which factor or combination of factors could most accurately be used to predict the success or the failure of the sympathetic interruption. Seven variables were recorded prior to phenol sympatholysis and the patients were followed up to 3 years in order to determine the degree of success or failure of the sympathectomy. The results of discriminant function analysis of these data showed that the most important variables in predicting the outcome were (1) the level of ankle systolic pressure, (2) the presence or absence of a neuropathy, and (3) the extent of the ischemic damage. The correct outcome was predicted in 87% of the cases. Using these three variables, multiple regression analysis was performed to construct a table showing the percentage chance of a successful outcome from a sympathectomy. The results show that a phenol sympathectomy is likely to be successful in the management of a patient with peripheral arterial occlusive disease if there is no evidence of a somatic (and hence autonomic) neuropathy, if the ankle systolic pressure is above 30 mm Hg, and if the tissue damage is not too extensive (i.e., only rest pain, night pain, or digital gangrene is present). PMID- 7355394 TI - Trapping, nontrapping, and release of nine and fifteen micron spheres in dog kidneys. AB - Variations in the distribution of different size microspheres trapped within an organ depend upon regional variations in delivery or trapping of different size spheres. We have determined the intrarenal distribution of trapped 9 mu and 15 mu spheres, as well as their nontrapping and release in dog kidneys. More 15 mu spheres than 9 mu spheres are normally trapped in the outer cortex, and fewer 15 mu spheres than 9 mu spheres in the medulla. This is true whether the renal blood flow enters the organ through the hilum or through capsular collaterals with chronic renal artery occlusion. The differences in distribution are due to greater trapping of 15 mu spheres than 9 mu spheres in the outer cortex with subsequent greater delivery and trapping of 9 mu spheres than 15 mu spheres in the vasa rectae of the medulla. Axial migration of the larger 15m spheres with greater distribution to terminal branches of a vessel and less distribution to proximal branches does not explain these observations, because it is independent of the transcortical direction of blood flows. Studies with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) vasodilation show that 15 mu spheres are trapped to a greater degree than 9 mu spheres and that previously trapped 9 mu spheres may be released with ATP vasodilation. Nontrapping and release of microspheres are potential sources of error and are greater with 9 mu than 15 mu spheres. PMID- 7355392 TI - Hormonal (gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin) and secretory effects of bombesin and duodenal acidification in dogs. AB - We have studied the influences of duodenal acidification on the effects of bombesin on gastric and pancreatic secretion and on blood levels of gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin (CCK) in six conscious dogs with chronic gastric and pancreatic fistulas. Duodenal acidification suppressed bombesin-stimulated gastric acid output (from 20.1 +/- 4.2 to 8.2 +/- 1.9 mEq/120 min) and gastrin release (from an integrated 2-hour output of 16.0 +/- 1.2 to 11.1 +/- 1.1 ng min/ml). On the other hand, duodenal acidification augmented bombesin-stimulated secretion of pancreatic bicarbonate (from 0.75 +/- 0.12 to 7.81 +/- 2.0 mEq/120 min) and protein (from 0.57 +/- 0.10 to 1.00 +/- 0.18 gm/120 min). Blood levels of CCK (but not of secretin) were increased with bombesin alone, whereas blood levels of secretin (but not CCK) were increased by duodenal acidification alone. Bombesin plus duodenal acidification resulted in increase of both CCK and secretin. This increase of secretin may be responsible, in part, for suppression of both gastric acid output and gastrin release, as well as for increases in pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and protein. PMID- 7355395 TI - Ipsilateral thrombophlebitis and pulmonary embolism after Cooper's ligament herniorrhaphy. AB - Five cases of Cooper's ligament herniorrhaphy are presented which were followed by ipsilateral deep vein thrombophlebitis and, in four instances, by pulmonary embolism. Possible compression of the femoral vein by too snug a repair is postulated. PMID- 7355396 TI - Perforation of the inferior vena cava by the Kim-Ray Greenfield filter. AB - Perforation of the inferior vena cava has been reported following insertion of the Kim-Ray Greenfield filter. This report describes this complication as a consequence of a preventable technical error. However, the clinical implications of such a malpositioned filter may extend beyond the possible obvious complications of retroperitoneal hemorrhage or paracaval organ injury. Inadequate protection against pulmonary embolism may result. A three-dimensional concept is presented to illustrate the loss of equal "compartmentalization" of the cava. PMID- 7355398 TI - Medical Practice Act to undergo scrutiny of Sunset Commission. PMID- 7355399 TI - [An unusual complication in a case of verminous aneurysm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7355397 TI - Holistic health--trend or fad. PMID- 7355400 TI - [Lameness in the horse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7355402 TI - [Therapy and prognosis of the medulloblastoma: progress through late irradiation techniques (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty patients with histologically established medulloblastoma were postoperatively irradiated at the radiological center in Essen. The patients were divided into two groups. Treatment was nonuniform in the first group consisting of 12 patients irradiated between 1969 and 1973. The second group of 18 patients was treated uniformly as regards the combined neurosurgical and radiological concept, and a new irradiation technique at the 5.7-MeV linear accelerator was employed there. While none of the patients in the first group survived longer than three years, in the second group 12 of 18 patients are in a good general state after a follow-up period between 19 and 60 months. PMID- 7355401 TI - [Brief review of nutrition in rabbits (author's transl)]. AB - A practitioner should be aware of the most important items regarding feed and water supply that may by a factor in assessing problems on large commercial units or in fancy breeding. A breif introduction on the function of the digestive tract precedes a discussion of the main causes of nutritional disorders which are frequently lethal. The specific mechanism of recirculation (caecotrophy) causing increased vulnerability to variations in the texture of feeds is stressed. Severe intestinal malfunction is readily induced by contaminated and spoiled feed and/or drinking water. These effects are probably underestimated in comparison with specific diseases. Data on nutritional requirements are also presented to the extent to which they are relevant in this context. PMID- 7355403 TI - [Late sequelae of preventive radiation and chemotherapy of the cerebral cranium in children with acute leukemia (author's transl)]. AB - In 15 children, combined treatment of the cerebral crane (irradiation + cytostatics) was done for acute leukemia, using Pinkel's or Riehm's method. In order to judge of late sequelae on the brain tissue, the cerebral crane was explored by means of computed tomography, generally more than a year later. Of 15 children 10 revealed slight or important parenchymal alterations being imputable to the former therapy. A possible augmentation of the sensitivity to radiation due to combined chemotherapy is discussed, and a revisal of therapeutic schedules, therefore, is recommended. PMID- 7355404 TI - [Hematologic toxicity of total body irradiation (author's transl)]. AB - Eleven patients with malignant lymphoma were treated with total body irradiation. This therapy was performed during 3 weeks with a midline dose of 70 to 100 rd. Two patients were treated two times after an internal of 3 months. The authors studied the hematologic side effects of this therapy. The irradiation caused a diminution of leucocytes of 73% of the initial value (range 16,7 to 98,4%), the neutrophilic granulocytes were reduced by 60% (24-95%), the thrombocytes were reduced by 57% (12-73%). The lowest values were seen during the fourth and sixth week of observation or one to three weeks after the end of therapy. In patients with hypoplastic anemia the number of reticulocytes was reduced to zero with a further fall of hematocrit and replacement therapy was necessary. The pool of circulating CFUc was reduced to zero in nine of twelve observations up to six weeks after therapy. PMID- 7355405 TI - [Radiogenic fibrosarcomas (author's transl)]. AB - Two radiogenic fibrosarcomas are presented. One of them appeared 22 years after a radiotherapy because of carcinoma of the body of the uterus. Criteria for the distinction between radiogenic sarcomas and secondary tumors are given and discussed. The authors present a diagram of all radiogenic fibrosarcomas after mastocarcinoma quoted in the literature of the world. This renders possible a comparison between applicated doses and latent periods. PMID- 7355406 TI - [Premyelin synthesis and myelination of the brain in mice after fractionated X ray treatment in the prenatal state (author's transl)]. PMID- 7355407 TI - Radiation effects on the parotid gland of mammals. Part 4: Biochemical and morphological changes after local irradiation. AB - A morphological and biochemical study was done on rat parotids to evaluate the modifications after 2400 rad in the parotid area only. As previously observed, whole-body irradiation with lower doses produced only slight effects on the gland. The enzymes peculiar to glandular function decreased significantly 3 days after irradiation, later they fluctuated on control values. Increase in alkaline phosphatase, LAP, and decrease in protein content was a constant result. Beta glucuronidase only among lysosomal enzymes increased significantly at some intervals. Morphological alterations in the glandular sections of the sacrificed animals appeared modest and mostly consisted of progressive fibrosis. PMID- 7355409 TI - [Radiation therapy of lymphogranulomatosis: Results under special consideration of recurrences in the early stages (author's transl)]. AB - Absolute 5-year survival rates from 105 primarily irradiated patients with Hodgkin's disease amount to 79% for Stage I and to 88% for Stage II cases. Out of this collective, the patients free from recurrences during 5 years come to a rate of 75% in Stage I and 41% in Stage II. In 37 patients, recurrences were observed, the causes of which are being examined. From the site of the recurrences conclusions may be drawn in view of an improved treatment. PMID- 7355408 TI - [Irradiation of the breast glands as prophylactic treatment of an estrogen induced gynecomastia in patients with prostate carcinomas (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred and four patients with histologically demonstrated prostate carcinomas were submitted to a bilateral orchiectomy. Before the beginning of a hormone therapy, both breast glands were irradiated prophylactically. The patients were observed between two and thirty months. The radiotherapy was executed with electrons with an energy of 10 to 12 MeV and by a stationary field which had a size of 10 X 10 cm. A total surface dose of 12,0 Gy was applicated in four single doses of 3,0 Gy each. The symptom-less healing of 45% of the pateints and the rate of only 29% of patients with gynecomastia is considered to be a good result. In view of the success achieved by the hormone therapy, subjective complaints such as hyperesthesia, pains and pruritus are regarded to be less important. PMID- 7355410 TI - [Therapy results in case of tumors of the epipharynx under special consideration of the problem of metastases (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given on 117 patients with tumors of the epipharynx. All these patients were irradiated. 67% had early metastases in the neck region. 8% had remote metastases which became manifest within two years. The five-year survival rate was 29%, the ten-year survival rate 23%. The results in cases of carcinomas were slightly better than those of the sarcomas. A manifestation of metastases can be prevented by prophylactic irradiations of No regions. Manifest metastases can be healed by radiotherapy. PMID- 7355411 TI - [Studies about the dose distribution in the marginal field regions (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have examined in an experimental study what influence is exerted by the width of the boundary line between two adjacent fields and by the dose inhomogeneity on the suture points lying in the region of the target volume. The results of this study are presented and the influence exerted on the dose distribution by different diaphragm sizes is shown by means of longitudinal and cross sections. The conclusion for the practical application of radiotherapy is that there exists a possibility to obtain homogenous dose distributions also beyond the borders of the field. PMID- 7355412 TI - Measurements on the radiation protection of patients irradiated with an 18-MeV electron linear accelerator. AB - In order to quantify the influence of some physical and geometrical treatment parameters on the stray radiation dose absorbed by patients undergoing radiotherapy on an 18-MeV linear accelerator, dose distributions were measured in a polystyrene phantom by means of LiF-dosimeters. For 10-MV X-rays, 6-MeV and 18 MeV electron radiation dose profiles, depth dose and isodose curves were obtained at various field sizes and treatment couch positions. By covering the phantom with 1 or 2 mm thick lead sheets a remarkable dose reduction was found. A two exponential expression was derived to estimate stray radiation dosage in routine radiotherapy. The validity of the calculation method was demonstrated by comparing the gonadal load measured in an Alderson phantom with the calculated data. PMID- 7355413 TI - Absorbed dose distribution for X-ray beams and beams of electrons from the Therac 10 Neptune linear accelerator. AB - After a brief presentation of the Therac 10 Neptune linear accelerator a complete set of dose distribution numerical values is given. These values define the depths on the axis as a function of the depth dose and define the penumbra (as characterized by the positions of the isodose curve intersections with parallel planes to the phantom surface) for beams of X-rays and for beams of electrons. Measurements of residual X-rays are given for a 10 MeV beam of electrons. PMID- 7355414 TI - [A patient-specific co-ordinate system for the reproduction of irradiation parameters (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a position which can be taken by the patient during the irradiation as well as during the examiantion by computed tomography. This method allows to clearly associate the tomograms with the patient's position during the irradiation. PMID- 7355415 TI - New complete geometrical rapid-test for radiation therapy equipment. AB - Daily, weekly and monthly tests of all geometrical performance tolerances for isocentric radiotherapy units can be improved and simplified by a new timesparing comprehensive test procedure. Using a simple auxiliary device, an exact rapid test of isocentre, field-sizes, scales and all optical beam or isocentre indicating instruments is done at the isocentre with only one ready pack film under multiple conditions. PMID- 7355416 TI - Initial events in radiation-induced atheromatosis. IV. Lipid composition of radiation-induced plaques. AB - Ionizing irradiation produced atheromas in the carotid arteries of hypercholesteremic rabbits which received a 0.5% cholesterol diet during 6 weeks. During this relatively short feeding period no atheromas were formed in the nonirradiated carotid arteries. When the animals received this diet for 5 months or a 2% cholesterol diet for 3 months also diet-induced atheromatosis could be found in the latter blood-vessels. A comparison was made between the lipid composition of the diet-induced and the radiation-induced fatty plaques. In all types of plaques the neutral lipids formed about 75 percent of the total lipids, esterified cholesterol being formed the main part of it followed by free cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. A great similarity exists between the lipid composition of the diet-induced fatty plaques of the carotid artery, the aorta and the radiation-induced fatty plaque. It is concluded that radiation is one of the initiating factors in the atheromatous process of the large blood-vessels, leading to lipid infiltration because of injury to the endothelium. PMID- 7355417 TI - [Investigations on combined injuries. 27th communication: immunity and antibody level in rabbits after whole-body irradiation and combined injuries (irradiation and traumatism) (author's transl)]. AB - A combined traumatism adversely affects radiation disease. Therefore it was of interest to investigate what influence exerts a combined lesion on an existing immunity state. After whole-body irradiation alone as well as after combined irradiation and traumatism, no significant decrease of the antibody level was found in rabbits which had been infected with vaccina virus Elstree four weeks before the irradiation. The conclusion seems justified that patients submitted to a therapeutic immunosuppression have to be vaccinated against dangerous virus infections before and that a natural immunity or an immunity induced by vaccination cannot be destroyed even by an accident involving a high radiation exposure. PMID- 7355418 TI - [Radiotherapeutic treatment of soft tissue sarcomas (author's transl)]. AB - From 1950 until 1976, 33 patients with diverse soft tissue sarcomas (excluding rhabdomyosarcomas) were treated by us with radiotherapy after local excision or with radiotherapy alone. More than 70% of these patients had no evidence of disease after eight years. Including secondary treatment, the eight year survival rate was more than 90%. Our results are in accordance with some published reports, which demonstrate, that a combination of conservative surgery and radiotherapy (6600--7000 rd) achieve at least the same symptomless survival rate in patients with soft tissue sarcoma as radical surgery including amputation. PMID- 7355419 TI - [Invalidity after radiotherapy of the cervix carcinoma, stages II and III (author's transl)]. AB - At least five years after combined radiotherapy of the cervix carcinoma, stage II and III, 67 patients were examined in order to find out whether they were invalid or not. Despite of conventional percutaneous radiotherapy there were no cutaneous damages. About half of all patients had late lesions of the bladder and the bowel. The capacity for work was limited only in a third of all patients. The lesions of the vagina and the consequences of the partly precocious postmenopause were judged to be the most serious damages. Only one quarter of all patients had a normal sex life. PMID- 7355420 TI - [Electronic data processing in irradiation of gyneocological cancer (author's transl)]. AB - For statistical processing of data resulting from irradiation of gynecological cancer a system of EDP working off-line is presented. Not only healing and survival rates will be evaluated but also data about the morbidity of irradiated patients. Thereby the employed therapy should be improved. Moreover, the patient follow-up can be supervised by a special program with automatical summoning of negligent patients. PMID- 7355421 TI - [Contribution concerning radiotherapy of chordomas with regard to own cases and those presented in literature (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe chordomas, i.e. relatively rare dysontogenetic tumors, their different localisations and the possibilities of radiologic diagnosis. Particular attention is paid to the therapy methods, namely operation, radiotherapy, and their combination, and to the problem of the high rates of local recurrences (36% on an average). The therapeutic problems of seven own cases are discussed and compared to those mentioned in literature. Surgery which should be performed as radically as possible and subsequent high dose radiotherapy (6000 rad) are stated to be at present the most promising therapy combination. PMID- 7355422 TI - Considerations in the radiation treatment of intracranial ependymoma. Prognosis in 24 own cases and results in published series after different techniques of radiation treatment. AB - The course of 24 patients with intracranial ependymomas after surgical and radiotherapeutic treatment from the years 1954 to 1978 is analysed. The survival rate after 5 and ten years is about 40%. Patients with well differentiated ependymoma, who were irradiated with tumor doses of at least 4000 rad in 4 weeks with inclusion of the whole brain for a part of the dose had a 5-year survival rate well above 50%. In patients with well-differentiated supra or infratentorial ependymomas, prophylactic irradiation of the whole spinal axis is not indicated. Patients with high-grade malignant ependymomas are irradiated by a treatment technique similar to that in patients with medulloblastomas, and additive chemotherapy is administered thereafter. Results of ongoing clinical studies should answer the question, whether this treatment can achieve higher cure rates in patients with high-grade malignant ependymomas. PMID- 7355423 TI - Treatment of impending stroke. PMID- 7355425 TI - Comparison of Doppler sonography and plate thermography for detection of carotid artery stenosis. AB - Foils coated with specific cholesterol esters indicate differences in temperature by changes in color. When these foils are placed on the skin, the skin temperature measured is related to the perfusion provided by the vessels supplying this area of the skin. A group of 300 patients were examined simultaneously with plate thermography and directional Doppler sonography in order to detect obstruction or occlusions of the carotid artery. Abnormalities were found in 42 patients. In 31, the positive findings obtained by the 2 methods were in agreement. In 8 only plate thermography gave a positive result, and in 3 only Doppler sonography yielded a relevant finding. Plate thermography as a method for the detection of a stenosis or an occlusion of the carotid artery is suggested as useful for an initial screening method. PMID- 7355424 TI - Incidence of transient cerebral ischemic attack in Hawaii Japanese men. The Honolulu Heart Study. AB - At the Honolulu Heart Study 7,895 men of Japanese ancestry, 45--68 year-old, who were free of previous stroke at the baseline examination (1965--1968) were followed 6 years for the development of transient cerebral ischemic attacks (TIA). Fifty-one men developed probable or possible episodes. In multivariate analysis TIA was associated with preceding hypertension, cigarette smoking and coronary heart disease. It was less common in men who were facile with written Japanese language, in those who consumed alcohol, and in those who were physically active. During an average follow up of 3 years after these TIA events 2 strokes occurred, vs 0.7 expected. This prognosis is more favorable than that reported by other studies. PMID- 7355426 TI - Reduction in regional cerebral blood flow during normal aging in man. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured by the 133Xenon inhalation method in a selected group of 44 normal non-hospitalized, normotensive subjects aged 19 to 79 years. rCBF was computed as the initial slope index value (ISI). Advancing age was associated with significant reductions in the mean brain and mean hemispheric ISI as well as in individual ISI levels measured from all areas in both hemispheres. Our findings suggest that decline of rCBF is not limited to normal elderly subjects but that it is a progressive phenomenon which begins at an earlier age. PMID- 7355427 TI - Effect of chronic atrial fibrillation on regional cerebral blood flow. PMID- 7355428 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow in the rat as determined by particle distribution and by diffusible tracer. AB - Measurements of total and regional cerebral blood flow in paralyzed rats maintained on 70% N2O/30% O2 obtained by a diffusible tracer technique, iodoantipyrine, and by a particle distribution method, microspheres, have been compared. Total CBF values were in good agreement, 0.86 +/- 0.07 ml/g/min (PaCO2 37.3 +/- 1.5, iodoantipyrine method) and 0.88 +/- 0.02 (PaCO2 36.2 +/- 0.8, microsphere method). Regional cerebral blood flows showed good agreement with the 2 methods, with highest flow in the colliculi, striatum and cerebral cortex and lowest flows in the hypothalamus, pons medulla and cerebellum. The iodoantipyrine method is technically easier to perform and had a higher precision. PMID- 7355429 TI - Anticoagulant vs anti-platelet therapy as prophylactic against cerebral infarction in transient ischemic attacks. AB - 156 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) or reversible ischemic neurological deficit (RIND) were given prophylactic anticoagulant (AC) treatment against cerebral infarction in a prospective multicenter study from 5 hospitals in southern Sweden. After 2 months of AC treatment, 135 patients remained in the study and were randomized into 2 groups; one continued with AC treatment and one changed to anti-platelet therapy. The patients were followed for 12 months. No significant difference was seen between the 2 groups but 3 completed cerebral infarctions occurred during anti-platelet therapy against one during AC treatment. One cerebral hemorrhage was seen during AC treatment. All completed strokes occurred in men who initially had carotid symptoms. The number of patients with TIA/RIND was somewhat higher in the anti-platelet group whereas myocardial infarctions occurred more often during AC treatment. Compared to the natural history of untreated TIA/RIND both treatments were found to have a prophylactic effect against cerebral infarction. PMID- 7355430 TI - Cerebral pathophysiology in hemorrhagic shock. Nuclide scan data, fluorescence microscopy, and anatomic correlations. AB - Nineteen unanesthetized sheep were given Evans blue dye or radionuclide and then were incrementally bled into hemorrhagic shock (BP less than 50/25) by withdrawal of blood over a period of approximately one hour. Four sheep served as controls for histologic data. Static nuclide brain scans performed in 6 bled sheep demonstrated immediate uptake of the radionuclide. Fluroescence microscopic examination of brain tissue obtained at autopsy in bled sheep demonstrated dye uptake in the perivascular areas, but not in the neuropil. Electron microscopic examination of collateral cortical biopsy specimens showed swelling of perivascular astrocytic foot processes, but no endothelial abnormality. We feel that the uptake of radionuclide and dye-albumin complex by the perivascular astrocytes represents enhanced transendothelial transport rather than passage of molecules between endothelial cells. The significance of this presumably transient phenomenon is discussed. PMID- 7355431 TI - Low molecular weight dextran in experimental embolectomy. AB - The canine middle cerebral artery (MCA) was embolized with a pliable cylinder 8 mm long by 1.6 mm in diameter via the internal carotid artery. Both control and experimental embolectomies were performed 6 hours following embolization. The experimental animals were treated with low molecular weight dextran (LMD). In the control animals, the average volume of infarction in the brain was 1.45 cm.3 In the experimental animals the average volume of infarction was 0.13 cm.3 PMID- 7355432 TI - Extrancranial occlusive vascular disease: does size matter? AB - A 47-year-old patient had lesser development of her left limbs and face, smaller left vascular structures, and severe occlusive disease of the left internal carotid, left subclavian, left vertebral and left iliac arteries. In 12 examples of occlusion of a carotid artery, 10/11 with unequal vascular luminal size had the occlusion on the smaller side. Of 20 patients with severe asymmetrical carotid stenosis, 13/17 with unequal size had more stenosis on the smaller side. These preliminary observations suggest that a small vessel may be more likely to occlude than its larger counterpart. PMID- 7355433 TI - Carotid artery velocity patterns in normal and stenotic vessels. AB - Duplex scanning provides real time B-mode images of the carotid bifurcation vessels along with a single gate pulsed Doppler flow velocity detector. By using the B-mode output of the duplex system to measure the Doppler angle and spectrum analysis to measure the frequency content of the Doppler signal, instantaneous flow velocity can be calculated. Mean velocity at peak systole was calculated retrospectively in 68 common (CCA) and internal (ICA) carotid arteries of 39 patients who had undergone prior angiography and prospectively in 30 arteries of 15 healthy young controls. The ratio of mean peak ICA velocity to mean peak CCA velocity at systole (VICA/VCCA) was below 0.8 in all 36 normal arteries and above 1.5 in all 21 high-grade stenoses of 60% or greater diameter reduction. Sixty-one percent of 41 vessels with less than 10 to 55% diameter reduction had a velocity ratio between 0.8 and 1.5. Only 10% of all ICA's with any stenotic lesion were incorrectly classified as normal. VICA/VCCA appears to be an accurate indicator of the degree of ICA stenosis. PMID- 7355434 TI - Comparative effects of unilateral and bilateral carotid artery ligation in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Male and female, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with blood pressures ranging from 190-210 mmHg were subjected unilateral or bilateral carotid artery ligation. Representative numbers of animals were killed 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 and 48 hours later. Severe cerebral ischemia caused a significant and protracted increase in the pre-existent high blood pressure, the enzymes CPK, SGOT and LDH triglycerides, free fatty acids, glucose, and corticosterone. Despite these marked pathophysiologic changes, the brains of these animals were free of real damage except for cerebral edema and scattered petechiae. Some of the animals developed massive atrial thrombi and myocardial infarcts. It is suggested that severe cerebral ischemia precipitated the myocardial infarcts through the aegis of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response. PMID- 7355435 TI - Correlation between glucose utilization and metabolite levels during focal ischemia in cat brain. AB - Focal ischemia was produced in cat brain by occluding the middle cerebral artery. After 60 min of ischemia the rate of glucose utilization, as measured by the uptake of [14C] deoxyglucose ([14C]DG), was correlated with tissue levels of ATP, phosphocreatine, and lactate measured in the same regional samples. Ischemia caused local increases of [14C]DG uptake which were associated with mild to moderate anaerobic perturbations of metabolite levels. Altered metabolite levels also occurred in regions in which the rate of glucose consumption was not markedly different from that of the non-ischemic hemipshere. In addition, there were regions with decreased [14C] DG uptake which invariably were depleted of ATP and phosphocreatine. Thus, suppression of glucose metabolism was restricted to the most severely ischemic areas, where the delivery of glucose may be rate limiting. PMID- 7355436 TI - Primary pontine hemorrhage: clinicopathological correlations. AB - In 18 autopsies from patients with primary pontine hemorrhage we studied the sites of bleeding, the volumes and development of hematomas and clinicopathological correlations. A modular optical electronic planimeter was introduced to measure the size of hematomas. The series of patients can be divided into 2 groups from the viewpoint of bleeding sites, their development and clinical symptomatology. These are 1) the tegmentobasilar type and 2) the tegmental type. The precise location of the origin of hemorrhage, and the approximate volume of hematomas can now be determined with the help of computerized tomography. This information will be of help in understanding clinical symptoms. Two different typical patient reports, selected from the collection, are presented. PMID- 7355437 TI - Plasma acetylsalicylate and salicylate and platelet cyclooxygenase activity following plain and enteric-coated aspirin. AB - Compressed and enteric-coated acetylsalicylate (ASA) tablets have been compared in normal healthy subjects. Plasma ASA and salicylate (SA) were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Platelet cyclooxygenase activity in vitro was studied by a radiometric technique. Following ingestion of 650 mg of ASA in the form of compressed tablets, cyclooxygenase activity was inhibited 95% within 45 min. Enzyme activity was observed to increase within 8 h and reached 10% of control level by 24 h. The pattern suggests that only circulating platelets are affected by ASA ingestion. Following the administration of 650 mg of ASA as enteric-coated tablets comparable inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity was observed, although the effect was delayed, reflecting the delayed appearance of ASA in the plasma. Return to control levels followed a pattern similar to that observed with the compressed tablet. PMID- 7355438 TI - Arterial occlusion following anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery. AB - Symptoms of cerebral ischemia following superficial temporal artery (STA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA) anastomosis are uncommon and are usually related to impaired flow through the anastomosis or occlusion of the cortical receptor artery. In this report, 3 patients are described who developed symptoms of cerebral ischemia after surgery despite a widely patent anastomosis. In each patient, postoperative angiography revealed occlusion of a previously demonstrated high-grade stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) or MCA. Occlusion of the stenotic artery was probably related to decreased velocity of blood flow through the narrowed vessel resulting from alterations in flow patterns following anastomosis. PMID- 7355439 TI - Spontaneous bilateral recanalization in bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion. AB - The authors report a young woman with bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion shown by carotid angiography. There was spontaneous bilateral recanalization demonstrated radiographically. The possible causes, e.g. the intake of oral contraceptive drugs, a spontaneous intimal dissection and other etiological features are discussed and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 7355440 TI - Effects of formaldehyde fixation on basilar artery caliber. AB - The external diameters of rat and rabbit basilar arteries were determined before and after formaldehyde fixation in relaxed and drug constricted vessels. Fixation usually resulted in an immediate vessel constriction followed by partial relaxation after several hours. However, the results were inconstant from vessel to vessel and from area to area of the same vessel. It is concluded that morphologic as well as morphometric assessment of formaldehyde-fixed basilar arteries is unreliable. PMID- 7355441 TI - [Elaboration and improvement of material evidence study methods]. PMID- 7355442 TI - [Elaboration and improvement in the methods for the forensic chemical study of material evidence]. PMID- 7355444 TI - [Basal subarachnoidal hemorrhages in head injury without skull lesions]. PMID- 7355443 TI - [Sudden death in young people]. PMID- 7355445 TI - [Determination of the mechanical strength of the human crus to transverse directed impacts (bumper injuries)]. PMID- 7355446 TI - [Diagnosis of the trauma conditions by the nature of the bone fractures]. PMID- 7355447 TI - [Preservation of the form and dimensions of the injuries in removing skin flap specimens]. PMID- 7355449 TI - [Eastablishing the presence of blood in stains by paper microchromatography]. PMID- 7355448 TI - [Ascertaining the instrument and mechanism of an injury received in agricultural production]. PMID- 7355451 TI - [Isolation of nitrogen-containing bases from the blood]. PMID- 7355452 TI - [Forensic medical meaning of data on the macro- and microelements in bone tissue]. PMID- 7355453 TI - [Method for separating the soft tissues from the bones of the facial skeleton]. PMID- 7355450 TI - [Ethanol concentration in the blood and urine depending on the storage time]. PMID- 7355454 TI - [Undiagnosed congenital toxoplasmosis as a cause of medical and forensic errors]. PMID- 7355456 TI - [Tasks of the Problem Commission in introducing scientific achievements into forensic medical practice]. PMID- 7355455 TI - [Unusual case of fatal trauma]. PMID- 7355458 TI - The dependence of agglomeration of stored erythrocytes on fibrinogen and pH. PMID- 7355459 TI - The sterility of platelet and granulocyte concentrates collected by discontinuous flow centrifugation. AB - Platelet concentrates prepared by a discontinuous flow centrifugal technique (Haemonetics) were examined for evidence of bacterial contamination and subsequent growth from 3 to 11 days after collection. Of the 126 platelet concentrates examined, 4 revealed bacterial growth. However, the growth patterns indicated contamination during the microbiologic manipulations rather than contamination of the units during preparation. These studies indicate that platelet concentrates prepared using the Haemonetics Blood Processor can be safely transfused for up to three days after collection if stored at 4 to 6 C. PMID- 7355457 TI - Anti-Sdx: a "new" auto-agglutinin related to the Sda blood group. AB - Two examples of a "new" IgM saline-agglutinating auto-antibody are described. The antibodies bind complement, have the ability to cause in vivo hemolysis, and are most active at room temperature at a pH of about 6.5. Despite tests on more than 5,000 people, no nonreactive cell sample has been found. The reactive antigen is not denatured by neuraminidase, papain, or ficin, and is present on i adult red blood cells. The antibodies appear to be slightly inhibited by human saliva and milk, and more convincingly inhibited by urine from Sd(a+) persons. They are not inhibited by urine from Sd(a-) persons, but are strongly inhibited by guinea pig urine. The serologic characteristics indicate a relationship to the Sda blood group and the auto-antibody has been named antiSdx. Sdx antigen is present on red blood cells from some higher primates and is absent from rabbit, rhesus monkey, dog and sheep cells. PMID- 7355461 TI - Concerning reactions after transfusion. PMID- 7355460 TI - Blood preservation. XXVIII. Galactose and maltose maintain red blood cell 2,3-DPG and ATP. AB - Because there may be inadequate dextrose in the newly licensed CPD-adenine for five or six weeks storage of high hematocrit red blood cells, this laboratory has examined some alternate sugars for their ability to maintain red blood cell metabolism during storage. In the current study, dextrose and fructose were studied as model or prototype nutrients. A third six carbon monosacharide, galactose, three dissacharides, lactose, maltose, and sucrose were studied in the same experiment. Of these, fructose best maintained ATP and 2,3-DPG during the fourth to sixth week of whole blood storage at 4 C. Dextrose was next best during this time and was nearly equivalent to fructose in the first three weeks of storage. Galactose and maltose both maintained ATP and 2,3-DPG, but not nearly so well as did fructose and dextrose. Sucrose and lactose were associated with the most rapid deterioration of ATP and DPG levels and they failed to maintain the progressive fall in pH which is usually associated with continuing, useful metabolism. PMID- 7355462 TI - Fortified adenine. PMID- 7355464 TI - The 'type and screen': an indirect crossmatch. PMID- 7355463 TI - Bacteremia during leukapheresis. PMID- 7355465 TI - Cryoprecipitate preparation. PMID- 7355466 TI - Simplified quality control for vacuum agitators. PMID- 7355467 TI - Autologous blood transfusion with methyldopa induced positive direct antiglobulin test. PMID- 7355468 TI - A possible Kidd antigen variant. PMID- 7355469 TI - The potential use of dihydroxyacetone for improved 2,3-DPG maintenance in red blood cell storage: solution stability and use in packed cell storage. AB - Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is effective in maintaining 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) concentrations in stored red blood cells. One limitation to the use of DHA is its instability when added to anticoagulant solutions during blood bag manufacture. The stability of DHA solutions have been evaluated. Solutions of DHA are stable at 25 C in water or isotonic saline, with or without the addition of glucose or adenine. DHA is stable to autoclaving; 99 + per cent surviving at 150 mM, and 89 per cent surviving at 1.9 M concentrations. DHA can be incorporated into a satellite addition pouch attached to the main blood drawing bag, and be added to the blood-anticoagulant mixture after phlebotomy or the preparation of red blood cells. Addition of the DHA solution, containing adenine and extra glucose, to packed cells causes significantly improved maintenance of 2,3-DPG during 42 days of 4 C storage, while maintaining adequate concentrations of red blood cell ATP. The use of DHA, adenine, and glucose in extended storage of packed cells, using either zero or seven day addition of the nutrient solution, produces similar efficacious results. PMID- 7355470 TI - Viability and function of outdated human red blood cells after biochemical modification to improve oxygen transport function, freezing, thawing, washing, postthaw storage at 4 C, perfusion in vitro through a bubble oxygenator, and autotransfusion. PMID- 7355471 TI - Use of in vitro assays in selection of compatible platelet donors. AB - Although HLA-matched platelet transfusions are of value in the support of some alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients, poor posttransfusion increments can be observed following HLA-matched platelet transfusions and conversely good posttransfusion increments may result after HLA-mismatched platelet transfusions. We have explored the possibility that in vitro assays in addition to HLA typing might better select compatible donors for refractory recipients. Our studies suggested that a platelet migration inhibition assay is predictive of platelet transfusion responses in HLA-compatible and incompatible donor-recipient pairs, while lymphocytotoxicity is predictive of posttransfusion increments only in HLA incompatible donor-recipient pairs. Granulocytotoxicity, microleukoagglutination, and capillary leukoagglutination showed no value in predicting platelet transfusion increments, either in HLA-compatible or incompatible donor-recipient pairs. PMID- 7355472 TI - A Dutch blood bank and its donors. AB - Through the aid of a questionnaire, a group of prospective donors, donors and ex donors was studied. The most important incentive to become a donor was the direct approach by another donor. The most important motives were altruistic in nature and the medical check-up which is a part of donation. The complaints and objections of donors related to the medical check-up, the distance traveled to the site of the medical examination and blood collection and the rather impersonal way donors were treated. The most important reasons why ex-donors had stopped giving blood referred to medical complaints, practical inconveniences, physical reactions to the giving of blood, the impersonal approach and the fear of detrimental side-effects of the giving of blood. The Dutch system, whereby no financial remuneration is offered for the donation of blood, appears to function satisfactorily. The survey justifies future research aimed to a greater degree on the connection between the motives of the donor and the way the blood bank functions. PMID- 7355473 TI - A simplified method for monitoring and calibrating refrigerator alarm systems. AB - A method to modify existing temperature alarm systems on blood bank refrigerators is described. This provides an accurate and convenient method for monitoring the temperature alarm system outside of the refrigerator. PMID- 7355475 TI - Transient bacteremia after dental procedures and other minor manipulations. AB - The devastating transfusion reaction that can occur after the infusion of blood contaminated with bacteria has prompted blood banks to adopt practices designed to minimize the possibility of bacterial contamination. There are four recognized sources of contamination of blood collected for transfusion: 1) prior contamination of the bag or the anticoagulant solution; 2) airborne contamination of the needle; 3) inadequate skin preparation including coring of the skin; and 4) bacteremia in the donor. The use of plastic collection bags and specially designed needles, and the recognition of the importance of aseptic technique have drastically reduced the incidence of serious transfusion reactions due to contamination. The history obtained from the donor prior to phlebotomy also eliminates many donors who could have bacteria in their blood at the time of donation. Improved collection techniques and the deferral of potential high risk donors have made serious reactions from contaminated blood a rare occurrance. PMID- 7355474 TI - Gram-negative sepsis treated with neutrophils collected exclusively by intermittent flow centrifugation leukapheresis. AB - The effectiveness of neutrophils prepared for transfusion by intermittent flow centrifugation leukapheresis (IFCL) as treatment for serious bacterial infections in neutropenic patients has not been documented in the literature. Their value, in fact, has been questioned. We report that IFCL neutrophils are similar to cells prepared by other techniques in the ability to support neutropenic patients with culture-proven, gram-negative sepsis unresponsive to antibiotics. PMID- 7355476 TI - pH-dependent anti-U in autoimmune hemolytic anemia. PMID- 7355477 TI - Quantification of erythroid and granulocytic precursor cells in plateletpheresis residues. PMID- 7355478 TI - Fibrinogen in cryoprecipitate and its relationship to factor VIII (AHF) levels. AB - Very little has been published to indicate the quantity of fibrinogen in cryoprecipitates. We assayed 88 preparations from five blood banks for factor VIII(AHF) and fibrinogen to assess whether the AHF assay can predict the fibrinogen content. Cryoprecipitate was considered to be consistent with FDA standards with 80 units of factor VIII/bag (40% yield from 200 ml plasma). Fibrinogen was considered adequate if 200 mg were recovered (40% yield, 200 ml plasma, normal range 150--350 mg/dl). The mean AHF was 145 units/bag and fibrinogen. In 64/88 bags, the fibrinogen and AHF were concordant, but in 24/88 bags the results were discordant. Although it appears safe to conclude that a bag of cryoprecipitate will average 250 mg fibrinogen, adequate control may require separate assays for fibrinogen. PMID- 7355479 TI - Platelet glycolysis in platelet storage. IV. The effect of supplemental glucose and adenine. AB - Platelet concentrates were prepared from blood collected in CPD, CPD-A1, and CPD A3. CPD-A1 contains 1.25 times as much glucose as does CPD, and sufficient adenine to provide a final concentration of 0.25 mM; CPD-A3 contains twice as much glucose as does CPD, and sufficient adenine to provide a final concentration of 0.5 mM. The consumption of glucose and the production of lactate and pyruvate in the platelet concentrates during room temperature storage was not influenced by glucose or adenine concentration. There was no difference in the rates of fall of the pH of platelets collected in the three preservatives. However, the number of contaminating white blood cells had a significant effect on these parameters. It is suggested that minimizing the number of contaminating white blood cells in platelet preparations may prove to be an important factor in platelet preservation. PMID- 7355480 TI - The multicellular spheroid as a model tumor allograft. III. Morphological and kinetic analysis of spheroid infiltration and destruction. PMID- 7355481 TI - Characterization of canine monocytes in vitro: increased receptor activity for Fc, C3, and heterologous erythrocytes. PMID- 7355483 TI - Post-transplant immunosuppressive drug infusions and donor pretreatment. PMID- 7355482 TI - Amplication by hydrocortisone of the induction of cytotoxic response in vitro to syngeneic murine leukemias. PMID- 7355484 TI - [Human Chlamydia infection]. PMID- 7355485 TI - [Occurrence of chlamydia antibodies in patients in a general internal medicine department]. PMID- 7355486 TI - [Chronic alcoholism and cerebrovascular infarctions]. PMID- 7355487 TI - [In vitro fertilization and culture of human oocytes]. PMID- 7355488 TI - [Misinterpretation of syphilitic manifestations]. PMID- 7355489 TI - [Temporal lobe epilepsy and schizophreniform psychosis]. PMID- 7355490 TI - [Intra-arterial insufflation of CO2 in the treatment of ischemia of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7355491 TI - [Sudden death during treatment with clozapine (Leponex)]. PMID- 7355492 TI - [Levamisole induced agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia]. PMID- 7355493 TI - [What do we know about foot deformities in children?]. PMID- 7355494 TI - [Glucocorticoids for injection therapy of joint and articular structures]. PMID- 7355495 TI - [Circulating immune complexes]. PMID- 7355496 TI - [Social and medical indicators for prognosis and case-closure status at a rehabilitation clinic]. PMID- 7355498 TI - [Specialists in Greenland]. PMID- 7355497 TI - [Primary prevention of ischemic heart disease. A review on the intervention survey]. PMID- 7355499 TI - [Impressions from a study tour of China]. PMID- 7355500 TI - [Arthroscopy in the diagnosis of knee joint diseases]. PMID- 7355501 TI - [Ophthalmologic ultrasonic diagnosis with B-scanning. A year's series comprising 399 examinations]. PMID- 7355502 TI - [Clinical surgical features of breast diseases]. PMID- 7355503 TI - [Late results of aortic valve surgery]. PMID- 7355504 TI - [Hyperostosis with spicule formation in intracranial meningiomas]. PMID- 7355505 TI - [Bilharziasis--a possible diagnosis in Denmark]. PMID- 7355506 TI - [Acute respiratory distress caused by tonsillar hypertrophy]. PMID- 7355507 TI - [Sturge-Weber syndrome]. PMID- 7355508 TI - [Inadequate effect of malaria prevention]. PMID- 7355509 TI - [Penicilliamine in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7355510 TI - [Causes of death and death certificates. An evaluation of the diagnosis in 373 death certificates]. PMID- 7355511 TI - [The significance of autopsies for statistics on the causes of death. An examination of death certificates]. PMID- 7355512 TI - [Reliability of death certificates. An autopsy study]. PMID- 7355513 TI - [Summer camps for hemophiliacs]. PMID- 7355514 TI - [Pyomyositis in Denmark]. PMID- 7355515 TI - [Pyomyositis. A prospective study of 25 cases]. PMID- 7355516 TI - [Nickel eczema caused by metal buttons in cowboy jeans]. PMID- 7355517 TI - [Occult hemolacrima in hematological patients. Study using a simple stix method]. PMID- 7355518 TI - [Sterilization performed in connection with induced abortion]. PMID- 7355519 TI - [Accidental cutting of a subclavian catheter during fixation with Mersilene suture]. PMID- 7355520 TI - [Progress in gerontologic psychiatry]. PMID- 7355521 TI - [A review of hospital journals]. PMID- 7355522 TI - Noise in ultrasonic imaging. AB - The feasibility of noise measurement in medical ultrasonic imaging has been studied and a theoretical evaluation of stochastic noise influence upon the perceived image has been undertaken. The influence of noise on a perceived image has been calculated by considering the light intensity perception characteristic of the human eye and it has been found taht the additive noise in the video signal pushes the small signals in the image towards the invisible (black) region. Impulse noise measurements of amplitude and time jitter have been set up using a standard water/CCl4 interface and pulse amplitude analysis to take into account the random nature of noise by distribution measurements. PMID- 7355524 TI - [Nuclear medicine findings in urinary kidney stoppage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7355523 TI - [Micromorphological and functional alterations of the kidney during persistent ureteral obstruction (author's transl)]. AB - Alterations on the upper urinary-tract and on the kidney have been investigated by histology and scanning-electron-microscopy (SEM) in an animal study on the rat. Examinations have been performed 7, 14, 28 and 56 days after double-ligating the ureter. The documentation shows the developed alterations which are remarkable in the area of the papilla and medulla of the kidney, whereas the glomerula are nearly unchanged in comparison with the controls. At the same time function-tests with radioactively labelled Jodium-Hippuran and technetium-DTPA have been performed. The nephrograms in the region of interest technique showed after 14 days isosthenuria and after 4 weeks no signs of any function on the operated side. PMID- 7355525 TI - [Radioisotope lymphadenectomy in testicular tumors (author's transl)]. AB - This paper presents a preliminary report of the first eleven patients with testicular cancer who underwent lymphadenectomy assisted by radioisotope techniques with a special designed gamma surgical camera. In cases of only partial carcinomatous infiltration the lymph nodes are well marked with the radioisotope. Additionally colour television gives the surgeon an objective continuous control of the actually dissected lymphatic tissue during all phases of surgery. In our experience the use of radioisotope-techniques and a gamma surgical camera seem to be of great value in improving lymph node extirpation in cases of testicular cancer. PMID- 7355526 TI - [Dysuric symptoms following prostatectomy (author's transl)]. AB - A certain number of patients suffer from symptoms after the operation for benign prostatic hypertrophy. 22 patients with persisting symptoms after TUR were investigated. Neither obstruction nor infection was seen. The urodynamic assessment showed pathological changes of detrusor function in most patients. In 5 patients detrusor instability was seen and in 12 patients hypotonic or atonic detrusors were demonstrated. 5 patients had normal bladder function. Causes for persisting symptoms after operation are discussed. It is stressed, that patients with preoperative normal flow-rates should be investigated urodynamically in order to avoid a wrong indication for prostatectomy. If symptoms persist postoperatively, an urodynamic assessment is again helpful for a reasonable therapeutic approach. PMID- 7355527 TI - [The vesico-ureteric-renal reflux in adults (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report about 59 adults (6 men and 53 women) from 15-45 years of age with 79 refluxing ureters and renal units. In 76% an antireflux procedure could be performed to preserve the kidney. 65% of the refluxing ureters were operated on according to the technique of Politano-Leadbetter and 35% according to the technique of Lich/Gregoir. After the operations of Politano/Leadbetter recurrences occurred in 4,6% and complications in 5,1%. The technique of Lich Gregoir showed more unfavourable results: recurrences in 14% and complications in 9,5%. Therefore the procedure of Lich-Gregoir is not to be recommended in adults. It should however be reserved for the refluxes in children because of the favourable results. PMID- 7355528 TI - [Clinical problems in urinary obstruction (author's transl)]. AB - It is difficult to define and diagnose urinary obstruction in a meaningful way only by radiographic methods and without involving a urodynamic concept. Urinary infection, urolithiasis and elevated arterial blood pressure are the most common complications found with urinary obstruction. In 70 patients with obstruction of the pelviureteral junction we found infection in 15.7 percent, lithiasis in 27 percent, and arterial hypertension in 27 percent. PMID- 7355529 TI - [Diagnostic ultrasound in urology (author's transl)]. AB - Diagnostic ultrasound is done by reflected sound waves. The procedure is non invasive and not dangerous. First it was used in medicine in 1940. Nowadays the technical and diagnostic experience has reached a high standard. Basically there are two display modes: The simple A-mode displays the echo pattern as a vertical deflection on an oscilloscope. With B-mode, the echoes are displayed two dimensionally as dots according to the acoustic boundaries of the cross section. Especially in urology diagnostic ultrasound is of great help. PMID- 7355530 TI - [Calcium oxalate activity products and discriminant analysis of urinary parameters as basis for a calcium oxalate screening program (author's transl)]. AB - The values of 7 urinary parameters in divided urine collections were measured in 20 patients with calcium oxalate stones and ten normal persons. On this basis the thermodynamic stone formation risk was calculated for the different urine collections. Stone formation risk in the 0-6 a.m. urine fractions appeared to be the most important. The risk of stone formation is significantly increased in the time from midnight to 6 a.m. To detect the risk situation the determination of oxalic acid, calcium, potassium and inorganic sulfate in night urine is adequate. PMID- 7355531 TI - [Changes in renal function during and after unilateral ureteral obstruction (author's transl)]. AB - The contribution of the obstructed kidney to the total renal blood flow (RBF) and the clearances of 51Cr-EDTA and 125-I-IOH was measured during unilateral ureteral obstruction. It was shown that the decrease of the clearances, depending on functional processes like filtration and secretion, was much faster than the decrease in the RBF. The recovery potential of the obstructed kidney was determined after a reversible temporary ureteral obstruction of up to three weeks duration. It was shown that the recovery of the glomerular filtration rate depended upon the duration of the obstruction. It was independent of the presence of the intact contralateral kidney. PMID- 7355532 TI - Anatrophic nephrolithotomy for removal of staghorn or branched renal calculi. AB - Forty anatrophic nephrolithotomies were performed in 38 patients between November, 1965, and December, 1977, to remove staghorn or branched renal calculi. Thirty-six (95 per cent) of the patients' preoperative urine cultures were infected, and postoperatively 35 of the cultures (88 per cent) were sterile. Magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi were present in the majority of patients (67 per cent). In 6 patients (15 per cent) transient nephrocutaneous fistulas developed. Thirty-six of the 40 renal units (90 per cent) had improved or stable intravenous pyelograms postoperatively. The patients had been followed for an average of twenty months (four to one hundred and twelve months). In 6 patients (15 per cent) recurrent renal calculi developed, and 3 patients (8 per cent) had residual calculi during this period. PMID- 7355533 TI - Adjuvant "sandwich" radiation therapy for bladder cancer. AB - Preliminary results of a study using a new concept of adjuvant "sandwich" radiotherapy in bladder cancer are presented. In this approach low-dose preoperative irradiation (500 rads) is delivered prior to cystectomy, and then on the basis of histopathologic staging patients with superficial tumors (Stage A and B) are followed with no further treatment; patients with deeply invasive tumors (Stage B, Grade III or IV, B2 or C) are treated with high-dose postoperative irradiation (4,500 rads in five weeks); and patients with advanced or metastatic disease (Stage D) are treated palliatively. Eighteen patients were treated with this approach, and all patients have been followed for at least one year. Sixteen (89 per cent) are alive with no evidence of tumor. One patient died of distant metastasis, and 1 patient died of peritonitis without evidence of disease. Since recurrence is known to develop in 50 per cent of patients within the first year after treatment, the low rate of failure obtained using this approach of adjuvant "sandwich" radiotherapy with a minimum follow-up of one year appears to be promising. This approach ideally balances the risk versus benefit ratio of adjuvant therapy sparing patients with superficial tumors from unnecessary treatment while treating patients with more advanced disease aggressively. PMID- 7355534 TI - Primary adenocarcinoma of bladder. AB - Since 1959, 10 patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder were treated at the Virginia Mason Medical Center for an incidence of 1.5 per cent of all bladder cancers. This retrospective study shows that histologic grade and tumor location had a variable influence on survival whereas clinical stage appeared to have a direct effect on survival. The only long-term survivors were the 4 low stage patients who underwent radical cystectomy. PMID- 7355535 TI - Bladder hernias. AB - Six cases of bladder herniation are reported: 4 were associated with inguinal hernias, and 2 were situated in the lower midabdomen. In 1 patient a gangrenous intrascrotal ruptured bladder was found. In most instances simple fascial closure after reduction of the herniation sufficed for treatment. Bladder involvement in any low abdominal wall hernia should be suspected since failure to do so may lead to postoperative complications. PMID- 7355536 TI - Major complications of silicone penile prosthesis: predisposing clinical situations. AB - Necrosis of the corpora cavernosa of the penis developed in 2 patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by significant vascular disease following insertion of a silicone penile prosthesis necessitating its removal. The surgical maneuvers thought to predispose to these complications will be considered. PMID- 7355537 TI - Simplified technique for microscopic vasovasostomy. AB - A one-layer technique for microscopic vasovasostomy is described. There was an 83 per cent return of sperm and 50-per cent pregnancy rate using this technique. With attention to detail, both vasa can be reanastomosed within two hours. PMID- 7355538 TI - Renal cell carcinoma in multicystic dysplastic kidney. AB - Controversy surrounds the management of multicystic dysplastic kidneys. This report of a renal cell carcinoma originating in a multicystic kidney lends support to elective removal of these kidneys. PMID- 7355539 TI - Acute ureteral obstruction from buckshot. AB - A patient with acute ureteral obstruction caused by buckshot is reported. Its occurrence is rare, and its management is similar to that of ureteral calculus. PMID- 7355540 TI - Anuria secondary to bilateral ureteropelvic fungus balls. AB - A case of acute onset of anuria secondary to bilateral ureteropelvic obstruction by fungus balls is presented. Contributing factors, clinical features, and approaches to treatment are discussed. PMID- 7355541 TI - Prolapse of ectopic ureterocele and bladder trigone. AB - The first documented case of prolapse of an ectopic ureterocele and bladder trigone is presented. The differential diagnosis and therapy are discussed. PMID- 7355542 TI - Amyloidosis presenting as priapism. AB - A sixty-five-year-old white man presented with sudden onset of painful, priapism. Review of pathologic specimens at the time of surgical decompression revealed massive amyloid infiltration. Purpura, organ enlargement, gastrointestinal bleeding, and congestive heart failure developed subsequently. Postmortem examination revealed widespread amyloidosis. To our knowledge this is the first report of amyloidosis presenting with priapism. PMID- 7355543 TI - Nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring with stamps. AB - A stamp technique was developed to detect complete nocturnal erections for the evaluation of impotence. The test correctly detected complete nocturnal erections in 22 potent men and absence of complete nocturnal erections in 11 impotent men (P value under 0.001). This is a simple, useful screening test for organic impotence. PMID- 7355544 TI - Styrofoam cup penile dressing. PMID- 7355545 TI - Atypical leiomyoma of prostate. AB - A prostatic leiomyoma with nuclear atypia, similar in appearance to atypia sometimes seen in uterine leiomyomas, was an incidental finding in a fifty-three year-old man who underwent prostatectomy for hyperplasia. The smooth muscle nature of the lesion was confirmed by electron microscopic examination. This is the third lesion of this type to be reported. PMID- 7355546 TI - Epidermoid cysts of testis. AB - Six cases of epidermoid cyst of the testis are presented. Conservative surgical treatment of this condition is discussed. PMID- 7355547 TI - Nephrogenic adenoma of urinary bladder associated with malakoplakia. AB - A case of nephrogenic adenoma occurring in a twelve-year-old black female child, associated with recurrent Escherichia coli urinary tract infection is described. The patient was followed for over six years and treated with repeated cystoscopic examinations and fulgurations of the lesion. Five years after the initial diagnosis, malakoplakia of the bladder developed in association with nephrogenic adenoma. There was no evidence of invasion of the bladder by the lesion during these six years. Electron microscopic study of nephrogenic adenoma indicated its origin from the urothelium. Nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder is to be considered as a benign metaplastic lesion of the urothelium and is to be treated with repeated cystoscopic fulgurations. PMID- 7355548 TI - Hematuria and pleural effusion following parotid tumor. PMID- 7355549 TI - Case profile: spontaneous rupture of simple renal cyst into pyelocalyceal system. PMID- 7355550 TI - Technetium-99m glucoheptonate renal scan in diagnosis of acute renal injury. AB - Twenty-four patients with suspected renal injury were evaluated using high-dose intravenous pyelography, technetium-99m glucoheptonate radionuclide studies (RNS), and selective renal arteriography. Critical examination of these three diagnostic modalities reveal that RNS are extremely accurate in renal trauma evaluation and are more sensitive than intravenous pyelography. When RNS are used in conjunction with high-dose intravenous pyelography in the third workup for renal trauma, 60 to 65 per cent of diagnostic angiograms may be avoided. PMID- 7355551 TI - Investigation of postprostatectomy problems. AB - Sixty patients presented with postprostatectomy problems. The symptoms of slow stream and hesitancy were associated with the urodynamic finding of an underactive detrusor more often than with persistent obstruction. The symptoms of persistent urgency, frequency, and urge incontinence were associated with bladder hypersensitivity and bladder instability. Stress incontinence was associated with low sphincter pressures demonstrated by urethral profilometry. Urodynamic studies enabled accurate diagnosis of these problems and indicated which patients had persistent obstruction (17 per cent) and would therefore benefit from additional outflow tract surgery. PMID- 7355552 TI - Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. PMID- 7355553 TI - Value of nocturnal penile tumescence studies. PMID- 7355554 TI - A survey of causes of mortality in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). AB - Lesions found in 257 post mortem examinations of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) are recorded. The commonest disease was neoplasia, principally of the gonads, kidneys and fat. Hepatitis and focal hepatic necrosis, thyroid dysplasias and septicaemias were also common. A great variety of other disease processes occurred; each affected only a few birds. PMID- 7355555 TI - The isolation of Acholeplasma oculi from an outbreak of ovine keratoconjunctivitis. PMID- 7355556 TI - Anaesthetic risk to Belgian shepherd dogs. PMID- 7355557 TI - Health hazards associated with the handling of animal wastes. AB - Many diseases of farm animals, particularly salmonellosis, may be disseminated by slurry. Salmonellas may be found in low numbers (less than 100 per gram) in slurries but 90 per cent die during the first two to four weeks when the material is stored and survive on grass for short periods only. Animals experimentally allowed to graze pasture spread with slurry are not easily infected. The danger of disseminating salmonellosis by by the use of a slurry system can be significantly reduced if the slurry is stored for at least one month before spreading on pasture and if pasture treated with stored slurry is not grazed for a similar period after spreading. PMID- 7355558 TI - Ventral hernia in the sheep. AB - Between November 1974 and November 1978, 11 sheep with ventral hernia were referred for surgical correction. The anatomy of the area, clinical findings, operative details, surgicopathological observations and postoperative results are described. A comparison of these cases with hernial correction in horses and cattle is made. PMID- 7355559 TI - A farrowing management system using cloprostenol to control the time of parturition. AB - During a one year period, 1459 sows and gilts were treated with cloprostenol to induce farrowing during the night on a large commercial pig farm. A regular farrowing supervision programme was used during each farrowing period. The mean time from treatment to onset of farrowing was 25.7 hours (SD 5.36) and 95.3 per cent of aniamls commenced farrowing within 36 hours. There was a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in the proportion of piglets reared to weaning during the trial when compared with both the previous year and the average for the previous three years. The proportion of stillborn piglets and mortality of liveborn piglets up to weaning were significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced during the period of the trial. Similarly the number of piglets crushed by the sow was significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced. However, the proportion of piglets dying as runts increased significantly (P less than 0.001) and as a result of an isolated outbreak of scouring during one month of the trial, the number of piglets lost because of scouring also increased significantly (P less than 0.001). Several practical and economic benefits were identified as part of the new management system. PMID- 7355560 TI - Efficacy of albendazole against Fasciola hepatica in cattle. AB - Albendazole in drench formulation was administered to calves 16 weeks after infection with 400 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. In separate experiments, albendazole at dose levels of 10 or 15 mg/kg reduced the fluke burden by 92.84 per cent and 95.0 per cent, respectively. In another experiment, a dose level of 7.5 mg/kg given once, twice with a two-week interval, or twice with a three-week interval reduced the mean fluke burden by 43.75 per cent, 72.29 per cent and 90 per cent, respectively. PMID- 7355561 TI - A two year survey on the control of the importation of captive birds into Great Britain. AB - The operation of the Importation of Captive Birds Order 1976 is described. In the first 24 months that the order was effective, a total of 183,189 birds were landed. Of these 5829 (3.18 per cent) were dead on arrival, 8643 (4.71 per cent) died in quarantine and 474 batches of carcases were submitted for post mortem examination. Chlamydia infections were diagnosed in birds from 14 quarantine/isolation lots and salmonellae were isolated from 23 lots. Thirty-six haemagglutinating agents were isolated from 17 quarantine/isolation lots. These were identified as eight influenza A viruses with Hav 7 Neq 2 subtypes (associated with two importations); 14 influenza A viruses with Hav 4 Nav 1 subtypes (six importations); four yucaipa-like paramyxoviruses (three importations); four 449-like paramyxoviruses (two importations); one unspecified paramyxovirus; five Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) (two importations). Four of the NDV isolates, associated with one importation, were shown to be velogenic viruses by intravenous pathogenicity index tests in six-week-old chickens. PMID- 7355562 TI - Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in dogs in Cornwall. PMID- 7355563 TI - Vaccination of greyhounds against canine parvovirus. PMID- 7355564 TI - B bronchiseptica vaccine. PMID- 7355565 TI - Libidinous behaviour in a gelding. PMID- 7355566 TI - The differentiation of atypical adenomas and encapsulated follicular carcinomas in the thyroid gland. PMID- 7355567 TI - Ischaemic contracture and myocardial perfusion in isolated rat heart. AB - The development of left ventricular contracture and myocardial perfusion defect was studied in isolated rat hearts during global ischaemia of 90 min duration. The left ventricular pressure was measured by a balloon catheter inserted into the ventricle and filled with water. The pressure reached the maximum at 16 min of ischaemia. The left ventricular volume and compliance (passive distensibility) were measured by the same balloon, the former by connecting the balloon to an open catheter and the latter by applying a constant additional volume (0.020 ml) into the balloon. the left ventricular volume and compliance both decreased progressively for 20 min of ischaemia after which they remained low for the rest of the observation period (90 min). The myocardial perfusability was tested by infusing 0.1 per cent sodium fluorescein in isotonic saline into the cannulated aortic root of the isolated heart preparation. The percentage perfused with the fluorescent tracer in horizontal frozen myocardial sections was estimated by point counting from colour photogragraphs taken under ultraviolet light. The proportion of the perfused area decreased gradually from 100% at 0 min of ischaemia to 93, 67, 43 and 37% at 15, 30, 60 and 90 min of ischaemia, respectively. It was concluded that ischaemic contracture of the left ventricle is followed by the development of a myocardial perfusion defect in isolated ischaemic rat heart. PMID- 7355568 TI - [Evolution in the early changes in the establishment of arterial thrombi (author's transl)]. PMID- 7355570 TI - Immunohistochemical analysis of thyroglobulin synthesis in thyroid carcinomas. AB - This immuno-histochemical description of thyroglobulin synthesis in human thyroid carcinomas is based on the analysis of 72 malignant thyroid neoplasms and about 100 cases of thyroid adenomas and other diseases of the thyroid gland. In our experience immuno-histochemistry has been an invaluable diagnostic adjunct to light microscopy for three reasons: 1) as an approach to a functional classification of thyroid carcinomas, 2) as an aid in the differential diagnosis of thyroid carcinomas of follicle cell type from tumors of other origins, 3) as an aid in the functional classification of non-cancerous thyroid tissue. In the field of metastasizing thyroid carcinoma this immuno-histochemical approach combined with a morphometrical method may enable accurate identification of patients for whom radioiodine therapy is appropriate. PMID- 7355569 TI - Morphometric observations on the rat heart after high-dose treatment with cortisol. PMID- 7355571 TI - Niemann-Pick disease. Analysis of liver tissue in sphingomyelinase-deficient patients. PMID- 7355572 TI - Malignant histiocytosis. Immunohistochemical characterization on paraffin embedded tissue. AB - Clinically, malignant histiocytosis is a malignant neoplasia with poor prognosis. Diseased are lymphnodes (especially cervical nodes), liver, spleen and bones. Few cases become leukemic. The cells show characteristic pale roundish, often indented nuclei, without large nucleoli and with abundant ill-defined cytoplasm. Phagocytosis of erythrocytes and leukocytes, as well as, hemosiderin deposits may serve as indicators for histiocytic, respectively macrophagic qualities. On touch preparation, tumor cells previously had been marked by acid phosphatase and non spevific esterase, as being histiocytic. - A comparable marking could be carried out on paraffin embedded material with lysozyme (muramidase) and alpha1 antichymotrypsin, by the indirect immuno-peroxidase technique. No correlation could be proven between any special shape of tumor cells or between different grades of cellular atypism and presence or absence of the immunohistochemical reaction. The reaction with lysozyme and alpha1-antichymotrypsin was also tested in other tumors and was found to be positive in a variety of different tumor cells showing degenerative changes, respectively necrobiosis. - But lysozyme and alpha1-antichymotrypsin are markers characteristically found in histiocytes, respectively histiocytic tumor cells. They are apparently less distinct in MH with a larger number of immature histiocytic tumor cells. PMID- 7355573 TI - Conformation of free and of integrated Moloney leukemia virus proviral DNA in preleukemic and leukemic BALB/Mo mice. PMID- 7355574 TI - Human adenovirus type 2 protein IIIa. I. Purification and characterization. PMID- 7355575 TI - Human adenovirus type 2 protein IIIa. II. Maturation and encapsidation. PMID- 7355576 TI - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in African swine fever virus. PMID- 7355578 TI - Adsorption and penetration of the trypsinized vaccinia virion. PMID- 7355577 TI - Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza virus. Identification of the loci of the two ts lesions in the Udorn-ts-1A2 donor virus and the correlation of the presence of these two ts lesions with a predictable level of attenuation. PMID- 7355579 TI - Persistent infection of Muntiacus muntjak cells with adenovirus type 2 and abortive infection with adenovirus type 12. PMID- 7355581 TI - [Effect of early hospital admission on the prognosis of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7355580 TI - In vitro translation of virion RNA from Moloney murine sarcoma virus. PMID- 7355582 TI - [Prognostic importance of a hemodynamic examination in mitral stenosis not treated surgically]. PMID- 7355583 TI - [Changes in the 1st heart sound in incipient heart failure]. PMID- 7355584 TI - [Blood flow in subcutaneous tissue in ischemic disease of the lower extremities and in controls during slow walking]. PMID- 7355585 TI - [Lung function in obesity]. PMID- 7355586 TI - [Lipoprotein lipase activity of adipose tissue in various types of primary familial hyperlipoproteinemias]. PMID- 7355587 TI - [Results of HBsAg examination using reverse passive hemagglutination in blood donors and in some transfusion preparations]. PMID- 7355588 TI - [Preliminary study of "catabolic" nitrogen]. PMID- 7355589 TI - [Gold therapy in 350 patients with progressive polyarthritis]. PMID- 7355590 TI - [Angina pectoris and normal coronography findings]. PMID- 7355591 TI - [Cytotoxic immunity indices of melanoma B16 growth in mice]. AB - Lymphocytes and sera in mice with melanoma B16 and in intact mice render a cytotoxic effect on melanoma B16 cells in vitro. Lymphocytes in intact mice possess the maximum cytotoxicity for tumor cells, taken at the 20th day since the tumor inoculation, while the cytotoxic effect of mice melanoma B16 lymphocytes during this period proves to be markedly reduced. The kinetics of immune indices during the melanoma B16 growth in mice is characterized by rise and fall in the lymphocyte and sera cytotoxicity. PMID- 7355592 TI - [Differential diagnosis of inferior lobe tuberculosis and malignant lung tumors]. AB - The author reports the observations over 190 patients referred to the Tuberculosis Institute for the present or suspected pulmonary tuberculosis of the lower lobe localization. In 47 (24.7%) of the patients the diagnosis of tuberculosis was rejected and lung cancer was diagnosed, central--in 5 of them, peripheral--in 42. Clinical manifestations in patients with tuberculosis and cancer were similar, weakness, cough, poor appetite being predominent; however, in cancer patients these were more frequently observed and more manifest with a tendency to aggravation and showing no response to tuberculostatic drugs. In 26.6% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and in 21.3% of lung cancer patients clinical manifestations of the disease were either entirely absent or insignificantly pronounced. PMID- 7355593 TI - [Morphological criteria of lung cancer regression under the effect of magnetotherapy]. AB - The complex investigation (histological, histochemical, morphological, electrone microscopy) of lung cancerous tumors from 20 patients, subjected preoperatively to the action of magnetic fields enhancing the antitumor resistance by developing general nonspecific adaptation reactions: activation and training, has revealed a number of morphological changes which indicate a marked antitumor effect of magnetic fields. These changes were maximum manifest after 20-30 sessions. High differentiated adenocarcinoma proved to be mostly sensitive to the magnetic field action. PMID- 7355594 TI - [Diagnostic errors in esophageal cancer]. AB - At different stages of examination and treatment in esophageal cancer patients there arise a large number of diagnostic errors, making from 28.3% to 32.7% as shown by our findings. A primary x-ray examination fails to detect tumor in 13.8 19.2% of patients. Most frequently diagnostic errors were due to underestimation of the clinical symptoms (first of all dysphagia and pains in food passage along the esophagus); a long period of time elapsed since patients' referral till roentgenological examination, poor potentialities of the latter in terms of detecting early esophageal cancer. If esophageal cancer is reasonably suspected then esophagoscopy is felt to be mandatory in all cases with negative roentgenological findings. To timely recognize esophageal tumors and lessen the number of diagnostic errors, it seems rational to establish special centers for endoscopic examination (fiberoptic esophagogastroscopy), where this category of patients should be referred to. PMID- 7355595 TI - [Morphological and cytophotometric characteristics of esophageal dysplasias and cancer in situ]. AB - Studies on some morphological features of the squamous epithelium of esophageal mucosa in dysplastic processes and cancer in situ as well as quantitative studies of the DNA content have shown that changes in the DNA content, increased polyploidy and genetic heterogenicity of the cell elements correspond to the degree of epithelial cells dedifferentiation and might be taken into account in diagnosis of early malignification of esophageal squamous epithelium. PMID- 7355596 TI - [Intraneoplastic iontophoresis of cytostatics in the overall treatment of esophageal cancer]. AB - The authors report the results of clinical elaboration and testing of the technic of intraesophageal intratumor sarcolysin iontophoresis associated with radiotherapy in 40 inoperable patients with cancer of the thoracic esophagus. A total focal dose of irradiation was on the average 1/3 less compared with the routine one. Iontophoresis was performed by a specially designed electrode with 5 10 mA during 60 minutes. The iontophoresis procedure was followed by irradiation. The immediate good results of the treatment were twice as frequent as in control groups. The treatment proceeded with less pronounced radiation response. An average survival of patients while using chemical drugs intophoresis proved to be equal to control data that is likely to be due to the far-advanced stage of the disease in most patients. An average survival in patients with less tumor proliferation was found to be longer than in analogous control series. PMID- 7355597 TI - [Spontaneous blood serum chemiluminescence in patients with cancer of the esophagus and proximal portion of the stomach]. AB - Based on the maternal pertaining to 193 patients with cancer of the esophagus and proximal gastric portion, 22 patients with non-tumor diseases of the stomach and esophagus, 19 donors (aged 18-25 years) and 10 practically healthy subjects aged 34-67 years, it was found that tumor invasion of the stomach body and the presence of such aggravating factors as grade IV dysphagia, inflammatory complications etc. are associated with a significantly increased intensity of serum chemiluminescence. Anesthesia and other factors as a concomitant of surgery reduce considerably the level of blood serum chemiluminescence during the operation, whereas an intensive postoperative therapy retains its initial level. The development of complications during the operation and after it is accompanied with 1.5--2 times or more increased luminescence. Radical surgical and combined treatment would condition the normalization of the luminescence. Radiation treatment first increases and then decreases the luminescence down to normal values. PMID- 7355598 TI - [Total activity and the isoenzymatic spectrum of blood serum lactate dehydrogenase in oncological patients]. AB - Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme spectrum was studied in blood serum of healthy persons (50), cancer patients (337) and patients with benign tumors and chronic inflammatory diseases (94). The total LDH activity was found to be unchanged. In patients with cancer of different localizations (63%) the LDH-5: LDH-1 coefficient turned out to be elevated. This observation allowed us to specify the range of the coefficient values from 0.07 and more, which is characteristic of cancer patients only. The corresponding values for healthy subjects and patients with benign tumors and chronic inflammatory processes would be 0.07. PMID- 7355599 TI - [Stable cell line from a malignant human paraganglioma and its virological study]. AB - Under in vitro cultivation of 14 soft tissue malignant human tumors there were obtained two cell lines: from cells of hypernephroma (Hn-7) and malignant paraganglioma (Par-1). The transfer of the cultured Par-1 cells medium to recipient cells CET enabled obtaining the transformed cell line 63. This line possesses all the features of in vitro growing tumor cells: it results in tumor growth in young Syrian hamsters, when injected retrobuccally, and in newborn animals injected percutaneously, also it yields cell colonies growth in semiliquid agar. The cultured line 63 ran through more than 100 passages, its isoenzymic assay indicates that it belongs to a human type and differs from cells HeLa, the karyotypic pattern shows the number of chromosomes to be close to the dyploid number in man. In the cell line 63 there is the synthesis of two viruses: RNA-containing one belonging to the orthomixo-group and DNA-containing one belonging to human oncoviruses of the Papova group. PMID- 7355600 TI - [Carcinogenic hazard in the manufacture of technical-grade carbon]. AB - As a result of retrospective studies on cancer mortality among workers engaged in the carbon black industry, it was found that the mortality rate from cancer of the lung, stomach and gastrointestinal tract within this cohort of workers is higher compared with the population of the surrounding district and distant to it. PMID- 7355601 TI - [Status and developmental prospects of the oncological service in the USSR]. PMID- 7355602 TI - [Distribution of 131I-labelled growth hormone in mice of high and low cancer lines]. AB - It was shown that an uptake of the labeled STH in the mammary tissue of mice C3H is twice as that as in mice C57Bl, and by 40% higher than in mice CC57Br. In mammary tumors of mice C3H the label uptake was 30% higher than in mammary glands without any visible tumor. These facts may evidence that the hormone of growth take part in providing the conditions which contribute to the origination and development of mammary gland tumors. PMID- 7355604 TI - [Cytological control of the extent of tumor excision in stomach cancer]. AB - To ascertain precisely the gastric cancer stage is possible only during the operation. In many medical institutions the degree of local tumor proliferation and the level of its metastatic spread is assessed by a surgeon basing on his personal experience by the examination and palpation findings. Use of the intraoperative cytologic assay in surgical treatment of gastric cancer enables ascertaining the fact of tumor spread beyond the organ boundaries. Moreover, the cytologic method provides an objective control of ablasty of the operation performed. The cytologic check was employed in 198 oncological patients subjected to partial or total gastric resection. The detection of free tumor cells in the abdominal cavity at the start or termination of the operation would influence the surgical policy in each particular case. PMID- 7355603 TI - [Ethnic aspects of cancer distribution in Dagestan]. AB - On a model of ethnic groups of Dagestan the features of malignant tumors incidence among small population have been studied. The environmental factors, habits and diet are shown to be of importance, whereas hereditory factors are not so essential for the rate of cancer incidence in different nationalities. The role of civilization and urbanization in the changed structure of cancer morbidity among migration groups is emphasized. PMID- 7355605 TI - [Work rehabilitation of colonic and rectal cancer patients after radical operations]. AB - Under study was the labour rehabilitation of 120 patients with cancer of the colon and rectum following radical operations, 47 of them had a permanent colostome. A statistical analysis has demonstrated that the labour rehabilitation is significantly influenced by patients' age, the kind of labour, the time elapsed since the operation, total duration of working. Over 70% of patients resumed their activities during 12 months after the operation. In this group the mortality was 19 +/- 6.6% within the first 5-year period. There were no lethal issues among patients who resumed their activities in later terms. All patients with cancer of the colon and rectum subjected to radical surgery, provided their being in creative age and showing no recurrence, may be rehabilitated if the necessary conditions be provided for them. PMID- 7355606 TI - [Properties of the DNA from subcellular fractions of sarcoma 45]. PMID- 7355607 TI - [In vitro cultivation of a spontaneous thyroid gland cancer from a C3H mouse]. PMID- 7355608 TI - Use of epidemiology in primary health care. PMID- 7355609 TI - Drug policies for primary health care. PMID- 7355611 TI - The inequality of death. Assessing socioeconomic influences on mortality. PMID- 7355612 TI - Evaluation of the patient with a positive hemoccult test. PMID- 7355610 TI - The WHO you want. An address to WHO Regional Committees. PMID- 7355614 TI - "Tropical pyomyositis". PMID- 7355613 TI - Treatment of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy. PMID- 7355615 TI - Brain tumors in chronic epilepsy. PMID- 7355616 TI - Unilateral nephromegaly with a pancreatic pseudocyst. PMID- 7355617 TI - Prevention of neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome. PMID- 7355618 TI - Aspects of human nutrition and food contaminants. PMID- 7355620 TI - [Determination of IgE in the blood serum in some forms of eczema]. PMID- 7355619 TI - [Change in the cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in the blood plasma in psoriasis]. PMID- 7355621 TI - [Androgenic and estrogenic saturation of the body in infectious forms of syphilis before and after treatment]. PMID- 7355622 TI - [Buschke's scleredema in children and adults]. PMID- 7355623 TI - [Micronodular form of necrobiosis lipoidica]. PMID- 7355624 TI - [Malignant form of papillary-pigmented skin dystrophy (acanthosis nigricans malignum)]. PMID- 7355625 TI - [Change in body immunological reactivity in eczema and neurodermatitis under the influence of nonspecific and specific hyposensitization]. PMID- 7355626 TI - [2 cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome]. PMID- 7355627 TI - [Therapeutic effectiveness of Canesten in treating urogenital candidiasis]. PMID- 7355628 TI - [Basis for the pathogenetic and etiotropic therapy of postgonorrheal complications]. PMID- 7355630 TI - [Case of soft chancre occurrence]. PMID- 7355631 TI - [Antibody content in different immunoglobulin classes in syphilis]. PMID- 7355629 TI - [Diagnosis, clinical aspects and therapy of gonorrheal and trichomonal lesions in men and women]. PMID- 7355632 TI - [Results of treating infectious forms of syphilis by the continuous method]. PMID- 7355633 TI - [Characteristics of the diagnostic errors in infectious forms of syphilis]. PMID- 7355635 TI - [Diseases of the nervous system and sense organs in railroad workers and the problems of their rehabilitation]. PMID- 7355634 TI - [Dermatological aspects of Urov (Kashin-Bek) disease]. PMID- 7355636 TI - [Problems of information system development and introduction in city pediatric polyclinics]. PMID- 7355637 TI - [Work organization experience in preventing alcohol abuse among adolescents]. PMID- 7355638 TI - [Change in the structure of night sleep in agrypnic syndrome patients under the influence of reflexotherapy]. AB - A total of 15 patients with sleep disorders were treated by reflexotherapy. These disorders were of the agrypnic type (insomnia), had a polymorphic character and were due to the psychogenic factors (neurosis). Acupunctures were performed with the use of 3 levels of action of acupuncture points (according to the Tabeev method). Under the impact of treatment and in the presence of neurotic symptomatology regress there was a distinct subjective and objective improvement of the night sleep, which was confirmed by polygraphic recording. PMID- 7355639 TI - [Experience in treating schizophrenia by means of detoxification hemosorption]. AB - A new method of sorptional detoxication (hemosorption) was used in the treatment of schizophrenia. The method consisted in blood perfusion through activated carbon. In all, 13 sessions of hemosorption were performed in 9 patients with different forms of schizophrenia. The preliminary data indicate that detoxicational hemosorption facilitates rapid disappearance of psychotic symptomatology, permits the doses of psychopharmacological drugs and the duration of hospital treatment to be significantly reduced. PMID- 7355640 TI - [Clinical criteria of the social danger of schizophrenic patients (psychopathlike states)]. AB - On the basis of an epidemiological multifactorial comparative study of schizphrenic patients who committed and did not commit socially dangerous acts, in several large administrative territories it was possible to detect a distinct correlation of different types of dangerous acts with clinical symptoms of the disease. The study contains a list of syndromes and their variants conjugated with different frequencies of dangerous acts. It was established that schizophrenic patients most frequently commit dangerous acts when there is a predominance of psychopathlike disorders in the clinical picture, mainly of a polymorphic and explosive character. It was demonstrated that this circumstance should be taken into consideration along with other factors, in a comprehensive assessment of the risk of a commitment of socially dangerous acts by patients. PMID- 7355642 TI - [Concepts of medical psychology]. PMID- 7355643 TI - [Hemosorption and the treatment of alcoholic delirium]. PMID- 7355644 TI - [Apropos of F. I. Stekhun's article, "The Effect of Alcohol on the Male Genitalia"]. PMID- 7355641 TI - [Program activities of the World Health Organization in the field of biological psychiatry]. PMID- 7355645 TI - [Diagnosis of carotid artery occlusions by means of ultrasonic dopplerography]. AB - The method of ultrasound dopplerography (USDG) was used for the diagnosis of common and internal carotid artery occlusions on the neck. The linear velocity of the blood flow in the common, internal and supratrochlear arteries was examined. Four dopplerographic criteria were established, which permitted to detect an occlusion of the carotid arteries in 38 out of 39 cases. The coincidence of a dopplero- and angiographic diagnosis was marked in 97,4% of the observations. The technique of USDG is relatively simple and safe. Although the method cannot completely substitute angiography, it can significantly expand the diagnostic possibilities during examination of patients with cerebrovascular disorders. PMID- 7355646 TI - [Echopulsography of the basilar artery]. AB - A method of recording echopulsograms of the basilar artery has been developed and tested in experimental and clinical conditions. The examinations were carried out in 40 healthy individuals and 18 patients with basilar artery patholody. Standards of the echopulsograms were elaborated, and the latters' changes in patients with atherosclerotic stenosis, thrombosis, and basilar artery aneurism were determined. PMID- 7355647 TI - [Intravascular thrombocyte aggregation in acute cerebral circulatory disorders]. AB - On the basis of dynamic examinations of 52 patients with various forms of cerebrovascular disorders it has been found, that intravascular aggregation of platelets takes place in all forms of cerebral stroke (brain infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoidal hemorrhage) and in transitory disturbances of cerebral circulation. The intravascular aggregation of platelets and activation of the blood coagulation system are more marked in cases of cerebral hemorrhage, as compared with other forms of cerebral stroke. The degree of the platelet intravascular aggregation is directly proportional to the stroke gravity, the thromboembolic complications, and the progress of chronic cardiovascular insufficiency. The intravascular aggregation of platelets is considered to be one of the pathogenetic factors of cerebrovascular diseases. PMID- 7355648 TI - [Transient circulatory disorders of the spinal cord]. AB - Twelve patients with transient disturbances of the blood circulation in the spinal cord are described. The principal cause of the disease in these patients were degenerative and dystrophic changes in the vertebral column. The catamnesis was studied. In 5 patients repeated transient disturbances of the spinal circulation were observed (the observation period ranging from 2 months to 4 years) and 7 patients developed hemorrhages to the spinal cord (within a period from 3 months to 24 years from the disease onset). It is suggested that patients with transient disturbances of the spinal circulation should be treated surgically (in order to eliminate the discovascular conflict). PMID- 7355649 TI - [Hemodynamic and cerebrospinal fluid dynamic shifts in experimental stimulation and constriction of the vertebral artery]. PMID- 7355650 TI - [Statistical patterns in the distribution of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhages]. AB - A study of 788 cases of spontaneous subarachnoidal hemorrhages, which were observed in some neurological clinics during the past 5 years, permitted an analysis of the statistical data concerning the distribution and outcomes of this form of strokes depending upon the age of the patient and etiology. Among the observed population, individuals of a young and middle age prevailed (78% of the patients were younger than 60 years). The role of separate etiological factors is different in different age groups in individuals under 40, subarachnoidal hemorrhages are mainly produced by a rupture of cerebral vascular aneurysms; in the age group of 40--59 years by arterial hypertension, while in the elderly by atherosclerosis in combination with arterial hypertension. The outcomes of subarachnoidal hemorrhages in general are more favourable in the older age groups. However, in hemorrhages of an aneurysmal etiology the lethality amounts to 21%, and is especially high in repeated strokes. In the group of patients with hemorrhages of an aneurysmal etiology the highest lethality was recorded in a localization of the aneurysm in the anterior communicating artery and anterior cerebral artery. PMID- 7355651 TI - [Asthenic disorders in burn disease]. AB - A total of 73 patients with burn disease were examined. The whole period of the disease was marked by a distinct asthenic symptomatology shown by predominance of physical asthenia, by stable and stereotypic mental disturbances. The asthenic disorders correlated with the somatic state of the patient. Such disorders were seen for a long period of time, and even after recovery. Apart from asthenic symptomatology, all the patients demonstrated disturbances in the intellectual sphere, and in intellectual-mnestic processes, which were also seen in the late periods of burn disease. The changes in the neurologic state were characterized by lesions of the cranial nerves, anizoreflexia of the hemitype, pathological reflexes in the hand and feet, vegetative-trophic disturbances indicating that all the patients who had extensive and deep burns developed encephalopathy. PMID- 7355652 TI - [Systematics of diseases with cenesthesiopathic-hypochondriac and algesic hypochondriac syndromes]. AB - The occurrence of cenesthopathic-hypochondriacal and algic-hypochondriacal syndrome in the climacteric period is inherent to certain age related and non related groups of diseases. An exogenous (mainly infectious) age concept on the genesis of this protracted nonpsychiatric hypochondriacal symptomatology is formulated. An explanation is proposed concerning an earlier (up to 40 years of age) appearance of this disorder in adults. PMID- 7355653 TI - [Dependence of the peripheral blood lymphocyte reaction of schizophrenia patients to concanavalin A stimulation on the clinical parameters of the pathological process]. AB - Studies were performed on an equivalent age group of schizophrenic patients and normal donors to detect the lymphocyte reaction of the peripheral blood to concanavalin A stimulation. It was demonstrated, that in the blood of schizophrenic patients, the part of lymphocytes capable of reacting to stimulation, is 2,3 times less than in the group of normals. The studies showed that the capability of cells to react to stimulation does not depend upon the duration of the disease, the duration of the postmanifest or initial periods, but differs in patients with different forms of schizophrenia. A significant negative correlation was demonstrated between the severity of positive disorders and the lymphocyte response to stimulation. PMID- 7355654 TI - [Clinical aspects of schizophrenia with cenesthesiopathic disorders]. AB - A study of 75 patients permitted differentiating clinical variants of schizophrenia with cenesthopathic disturbances, description of the psychopathological traits of cenesthopathy and structurally related symptomatology. One of the diagnostic criteria of this form of schizophrenia is the dynamics of modified cenesthopathy. Some aspects of differential diagnosis in different forms of development and prognostic variants of diverse types of cenesthopathy are discussed. PMID- 7355655 TI - [Paranoid disorders in the debut and further course of late schizophrenia]. AB - A study of 60 schizophrenic patients permitted to clinically analyze the state of late paranoic psychoses, which is difficult for differential diagnosis due to pronounced age syndromological atypicity. The allocation of these prevalently slowly progressive forms to late schizophrenia is based on studies of the regularity of the disease, particular clinico-psychopathological traits of the paranoic syndrome as well as on the hereditary loading data, premorbid traits and signs of mental abnormality in the past. The data obtained indicate a relationship between pronounced age atypicity of the psychoses and the degree of progression of the schizophrenic process. PMID- 7355656 TI - [Diagnosis and prevention of the initial manifestations of cerebral circulatory insufficiency]. AB - On the basis of the results of clinico-physiological examinations of 900 patients the problems pertaining to the pathogenesis, clinical course and prevention of inadequate blood supply of the brain are considered. Three variants of the clinical course of the initial manifestations of such inadequacy are specified: a) asymptomatic (latent), b) permanent and c) paroxysmal. Principles of the secondary prophylaxis of cerebrovascular diseases are presented. PMID- 7355657 TI - [Progressiveness of schizophrenia. II. The progressiveness of continuously proceeding forms of schizophrenia]. AB - The study involved a clinical examination of 568 patients with continious forms of schizophrenia and different degrees of progression (from mild sluggish to malignant forms). The following stages of the diseases are differentiated: an initial one, a stage of the highest process activity, a stage of stabilization, reduction of the psychosis and formation of the terminal state. A thorough analysis of the cases demonstrated that even in a continuous development of schizophrenia, the progression of the process is limited in time. It was found that the more polymorphic and severe are the signs of the process in active phase, the less is the time taken by this phase. In compliance with varying duration of the active stages of the disease the age periods during which there ensue a stabilization of the malignant, sluggish and paranoid forms of schizophrenia are very diverse. PMID- 7355658 TI - [Characteristics of the formation of anomalous thinking in children with schizophrenia]. AB - The traits of age thinking development (formation) were studied by experimental and psychological tests in children aged from 5 to 14 years who were diagnosed as suffering from favorably developing forms of schizophrenia. During all the age periods this group of children showed a deviation in the thinking development, compared to that of the control normal group. The tests detected an abnormal form of thinking not described before which was characterized by typical changes in the interrelationship and dynamics of 2 significant sides of thinking activity. The dysharmony and asynchronism of development were expressed in a drop of the rate and in a specific pattern of forming selectivity of knowledge actualization. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that there was an accelerated development of formal and logical aspects, operational side of thinking. The results obtained allow a new approach to some traits of intellectual activity inschizophrenia and indicate their relation with some personality traits. PMID- 7355659 TI - Cholinergic inputs to the amygdala and the control of gonadotrophin release. AB - Adult female rats castrated 4 weeks before were implanted bilaterially into the basomedial area of the amygdala with drugs known to mimic or to counteract the actions of acetylcholine. The animals were sacrificed at different time intervals after the implantation of the different compounds, and serum levels of LH and FSH were measured by radioimmunoassay. The data obtained indicate that the intra amygdalar implantation of the muscarinic blocker atropine induces a significant increase of the release of LH without altering FSH secretion. The implantation of two cholinomimetic drugs, pilocarpine, an almost pure muscarinic agonist, and carbachol, which possesses both muscarinic and nicotinic properties, exerted an inhibitory effect only on LH release. On the contrary, the intra-amygdala placement of the nicotinic blocker mecamylamine was followed by an increase of FSH with no changes in LH. These observations may suggest that cholinergic signals reaching the amydgala may be of some relevance in the mechanisms controlling gonadotrophine secretion. Muscarinic receptors seem to play an inhibitory role in the regulation of LH secretion, while nicotinic receptors seem to modulate in an inhibitory way FSH release. PMID- 7355660 TI - Effects of oestradiol and progesterone on the alkaline phosphatase activity of a human endometrial cancer cell-line. AB - The alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity of a human endometrial cancer cell line, established and designated as HEC-50-B in our laboratory, was investigated biochemically and histochemically in relation to its cell growth pattern and to the effects of the sex steroid hormones, oestradiol and progesterone. The ATPase activity increased sharply in the early stationary phase to reach an activity almost 2.5 times higher than that obtained in earlier stages of the culture. On administration of oestradiol to the culture medium, a sharp elevation of the ALPase activity was induced on an average of 2 days earlier (late logarithmic phase) than in the case of an ordinary culture (no hormone administration), without causing a notable change in cell growth pattern. It should be noticed, however, that progesterone at such a low concentration that had very little effect on cell growth in the culture could clearly prohibit the elevation of ALPase activity. This hormonal effect on the ALPase activity resembled that on the enzyme activity of the endometrium of adult women. The ALPase activity of both the cultured endometrial cancer cells and the endometrium was found to be a sensitive indicator of the effect of progesterone. It would be a useful tool for future study in elucidating the mechanism of hormonal control of the neoplasm. PMID- 7355661 TI - The concentration of 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F2 alpha in peripheral venous plasma throughout the normal ovarian and menstrual cycle. AB - The concentration of 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) has been measured in daily samples of peripheral venous plasma from 5 women throughout the ovarian or menstrual cycle. The values have been combined by days, relative to a pre-ovulatory peak, the LH peak and to Day 1 of the next menstrual cycle. The patterns (geometric means) have been related to the corresponding values for oestradiol, LH and progesterone. The results show that there was considerable variation in the concentration of PGFM (50-909 pmol/l; n = 140) and that the coefficient of variation within an individual cycle ranged from 30-74%. Nevertheless two peaks--one pre-ovulatory (associated with a marked increase in the level of circulating oestradiol) and one pre-menstrual (associated with rapidly falling levels of circulating oestradiol and progesterone) were apparent in all cycles. The concentration of PGFM during the pre-ovulatory rise was 521 +/ 325 pmol/l; mean +/- SD and the corresponding value for the pre-menstrual rise was 571 +/- 325; both peaks were significantly higher (P less than 0.0025, P less than 0.0005, respectively, Student's t-test) than during the remainder of the cycle (257 +/- 190). There was no significant difference, however, between the concentration during the follicular and luteal phases. PMID- 7355663 TI - Effects of propylthiouracil and methylmercaptoimidazole on thyroglobulin synthesis. AB - The effect of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU), and 1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole (MMI) on thyroglobulin (Tg) biosynthesis has been studied in vivo and in vitro. In vivo experiments were performed in rats treated for 20 days with PTU or MMI, analyzing soluble and particulate, cold and 125I-labelled, Tg. Thyroglobulin biosynthesis was also investigated by in vitro experiments, incubating thyroid tissue with labelled amino acid and carbohydrate in the presence of antithyroid compounds. It has been found that in vivo antithyroid agents decrease the amount of soluble Tg and increase the proportion of particulate Tg. Tg from treated animals is poorly iodinated being mainly represented by its 12S subunit. In vitro studies demonstrate that PTU and MMI inhibit Tg biosynthesis which is impaired in the polypeptide synthesis as well as in carbohydrate chains addition. Thus the inhibition of the hormonogenetic processes induced by antithyroid treatment leading to a depressed iodinating activity also appears to be related to a significant impairment of the production of the Tg molecule, the specific iodine acceptor. PMID- 7355662 TI - Congenital goitre due to "thyroid peroxidase-iodinase defect". AB - A 16-year-old male cretin with congenital goitrous hypothyroidism and 95% discharge in the perchlorate test underwent thyroidectomy. Thyroid studies disclosed negligible peroxidase (TPO) activity in the tyrosine iodinase assay, 6 nmoles I- inc./g (normals: 220-410). Using the same particulate preparations, a high activity was obtained in the guaiacol assay, 485 U/mg vs. 176 U/mg of a control gland. Goitre TPO was solubilized by treating the thyroid pellets with deoxycholate, trypsin and acetone. Soluble goitre TPO was further purified on Sephadex G-200. By this procedure we obtained a single peak of enzyme activity for oxidizing guaiacol, although no activity was found for iodinating tyrosine. I2 formation, as measured by the triiodide assay, was only 28% of that expected for normal TPO when compared for guaiacol oxidation. It is concluded that this abnormal TPO was the cause of the congenital hypothyroidism of the patient. We suggest the term "thyroid peroxidase-iodinase defect" for defining this newly found inborn error. PMID- 7355664 TI - The international reference preparation of calcitonin, human, for bioassay: assessment of material and definition of the international unit. AB - An international reference material is required for bioassays of preparations of synthetic human calcitonin for administration to man and for use in immunoassays. A preparation of synthetic human calcitonin in ampoules coded 70/234 (previously widely used as the MRC Research Standard) has been examined in an international collaborative study involving 7 laboratories in 6 countries. The results of 34 in vivo bioassays with two other preparations of synthetic human calcitonin showed that this preparation was suitable to serve as a standard. With the agreement of the participants in the collaborative study, the batch of ampoules, code 70/234, was established in 1978 by the World Health Organization as the International Reference Preparation of Calcitonin, Human, for Bioassay. The International Unit of human calcitonin was defined as the activity contained in one ampoule of this preparation, thus maintaining continuity of the unit of the research standard. PMID- 7355665 TI - Pseudohypoparathyroidism associated with hypercalcitoninaemia. AB - A case of a 33 year old man with type I of pseudohypoparathyroidism associated with hypercalcitoninaemia and deficiency of prolactin and growth hormone is reported. The diagnosis of pseudohypoparathyroidism was made by recognition of the classic skeletal signs of Albright's osteodystrophy and confirmed by an infusion test with parathyroid hormone, which revealed a lack of both a cyclic AMP and phospaturic response. By investigation of the endocrine status the function of the pituitary/thyroid and pituitary/testis axes as well as the adrenal cortex was observed to be normal. The basal prolactin concentration was however, lower than normal and a lack of response in the growth hormone level in two glucagon tests was observed. Furthermore the basal calcitonin level was higher than normal and by provacation with pentagastrine the calcitonin secretion was very high despite an only slightly decreased serum calcium level. By operation the thyroid gland was normal and by light microscopy of a biopsy no signs of medullary carcinoma was observed. No good explanation for the high calcitonin basal level and secretion was found. PMID- 7355666 TI - Serum somatomedin activity measured as sulphation factor in peripheral, hepatic and renal veins of mongrel dogs: basal levels. AB - Serum somatomedin (SM) activity measured as sulphation factor on chick embryo cartilage was determined in peripheral (PV), hepatic (HV) and renal (RV) veins or 36 mongrel dogs. Mean SM activity +/- SEM was 0.53 +/- 0.03 U/ml in peripheral and hepatic veins, and 0.61 +/- 0.04 U/ml in renal vein (P less than 0.005). When the gradient of SM activity in hepatic or renal vein to that in peripheral vein, [HV]-[PV] or [HV]-[PV], was plotted versus SM activity in peripheral blood [PV], a negative correlation was found in the case of hepatic but not of renal blood. These data indicate that the kidney may be a production site of SM activity, whereas the liver is differently implicated in the overall regulation of SM activity. PMID- 7355667 TI - Dose and sex related effects of aromatic aminoacids decarboxylase inhibitors on serum prolactin in humans. AB - Single doses of carbidopa and benserazide, two inhibitors of aromatic aminoacids decarboxylase, have been given orally to healthy women and men aged 19 to 32 years. Serum prolactin levels increased in respect to baseline levels when 80, 125 or 250 mg of carbidopa and 10, 20, 30, 50, 80 or 125 mg of benserazide were given. The carbidopa doses of 20 and 50 mg were ineffective. Carbidopa induced the enhancement of serum prolactin at a later time and over a longer time span than benserazide. The effect on serum prolactin is dose dependent for both drugs. The hyperprolactinaemia obtained with 250 mg of carbidopa and with 125 mg of benserazide is significantly larger in women than in age matched men. The observed prolactin increase fits with the hypothesis that a diminution of the inhibitory effect of dopamine at the pituitary and/or at the median eminence levels may occur in connection to the pharmacologically impaired monoamine synthesis. An effect of serotonin cannot, however, be excluded. PMID- 7355668 TI - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency: final diagnosis in adult age in three patients. AB - Three patients, one male and two females, in whom the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) was made in early childhood were studied. The two females were treated with cortisone acetate from the age of 2 and 4 years, respectively, and later they both proved to be fertile. The male patient was only treated sporadically with cortisone acetate until the age of 33 years. He also became fertile when a more consistent treatment with prednisolone was started. The two female patients had a slight hypertension in childhood before the treatment was initiated but became normotensive on treatment. The male patient revealed a blood pressure of180/130 mm Hg at the age of 33 years. In this patient the treatment with prednisolone produced a moderate decrease in the blood pressure, but additional treatment with antihypertensive drugs was needed to make him normotensive. All three patients were originally thought to have a 21 hydroxylase deficiency and the correct diagnosis of an 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency was first established between the age of 26 and 33 years. It is concluded that an early diagnosis and an uninterrupted treatment with glucocorticoids are important in order to prevent hypertension and infertility problems. PMID- 7355669 TI - Central nervous system involvement in adult-onset Gaucher's disease. AB - Neuropathological findings are reported in an adult with Gaucher's disease. In this patient, Gaucher cells with characteristic storage material were found throughout the brain and also in the leptomeninges. They were confined to the perivascular space of small blood vessels and were commonly associated with intense perivascular, glio-mesodermal fibrillary reaction. Neuronal storage was not seen. Glucosylceramidase activities were severely deficient in both brain and liver and glucosylceramide was abnormally increased in the liver of this patient. The significance of the neuropathological changes is briefly discussed. PMID- 7355670 TI - Plasmalogenase and phospholipase A1, A2, and L1 activities in white matter in canine distemper virus-associated demyelinating encephalomyelitis. AB - Three weeks after inoculation of 24-day-old gnotobiotic dogs with Snyder-Hill canine distemper virus, white matter samples were taken from the primary predilection sites for canine distemper virus-associated demyelination. The plasmalogenase activity in extracts was nearly 6-fold greater than control values for a dog with extensive demyelination and was not detectable in tissue from a dog with non-demyelinating lesions. Acid and neutral phospholipases A1 and A2 were assayed in homogenates and extracts with phosphatidyl ethanolamine substrates. Phospholipase A2 activities at both pH 4.3 and pH 6.8 were less in the dog with severe demyelinating lesions than in dogs with less severe lesions. Phospholipase A1 activities were generally similar for all four dogs. The marked elevation of plasmalogenase activity in demyelinating tissue may be associated with a release from the plasmalogens of arachidonic acid which is converted to oxygenated metabolites that may then be responsible for the inflammation. Phospholipases acting on phosphatidyl ethanolamine do not seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of demyelination associated with canine distemper virus. PMID- 7355671 TI - Formation of heterotopic granule cell in mouse cerebellum after neonatal administration of cytosine arabinoside. AB - The mice, ICR-JCL strain, were injected s.c. with 30 mg/kg body weight of cytosine arabinoside at the age of 2, 3, and 4 days. The external granular layer of these mice was destructed selectively, and subsequently these mice developed abnormal cytoarchitecture in the cerebellum, such as disarrangement of Purkinje cells and heterotopic granule cells in the molecular layer. This study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism in the formation of heterotopic granule cells. In the cerebellum of the treated mouse, some mossy fibers and glomerular collaterals of climbing fibers extended abnormally even into the molecular layer by the age of 10 days, since no granule cells migrated to the inner granular layer until about 10 days when granule cell production started again in the regenerated external granular layer. Subsequently, these fibers, i.e. axons which extended into the molecular layer, established synapses in the molecular layer with the dendrites of migrating granule cells. These granule cells had no need to migrate to the inner granular layer, and so they remained in the molecular layer as heterotopic granule cells. PMID- 7355672 TI - Macrophages in peripheral nerves. An ultrastructural and enzyme histochemical study on rats. AB - The cellular content of the endoneurium in peripheral nerves of normal adult rats was studied. Endoneurial cells with high light-microscopical activity of acid phosphatase were usually located close to blood vessels or near the perineurium. Cells with the ultrastructural appearance of macrophages showed the same distribution and accounted for 2--4% of the endoneurial cell nuclei profiles. These cells rapidly endocytosed carbon particles after endoneurial administration of colloidal carbon in vitro. PMID- 7355673 TI - Light microscopic study of striated muscle in uremia. AB - Gastrocnemius muscle biopsies from 28 patients with chronic renal failure were analyzed with a light microscope after staining with Gomori trichrome stain and after histochemical reactions for ATPase and NADH diaphorase. Nineteen (68%) of the biopsies were pathological. Uremic myopathy was seen in eleven (39%) of the biopsies, eight of which were obtained from subjects on regular hemodialysis. Pure myopathic muscle damage was observed in three (11%), both myopathic and neuropathic muscle damage in eight (29%) and pure neuropathic muscle damage in eight (29%) of the biopsies. Fiber type atrophy and hypertrophy of both types were seen. The most common quantitative findings were Type II atrophy, small mean size and type grouping of Type II fibers, and Type I hypertrophy. PMID- 7355674 TI - Hydrolytic enzymes in meningiomal subtypes. AB - Estimation of activity of five hydrolytic enzymes was made in foru histologically different types of human meningiomas derived from surgery. The hydrolytic enzymes examined in 13 tumors included four lysosomal enzymes: beta-glucuronidase, N acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (hexosaminidase), beta-galactosidase, and acid phosphatase. The fifth enzyme studied was alkaline phosphatase. The one papillary type meningioma examined appeared to contain generally greater activities of the lysosomal enzymes than the other tumor types. Alkaline phosphatase was decidedly greater in transitional type meningiomas. The correlation of histological types with alkaline phosphatase activity is discussed with regard to previous observations. PMID- 7355676 TI - Experimental brain tumors by transplacental ENU. Multifactorial study of the latency period. AB - Experimental cerebral tumors have been induced by transplacental ENU. The morphologic study of the brains of treated rats revealed that cellular hyperplasias appear at the 30th day of extrauterine life in the paraventricular white matter, i.e., before the already known "early neoplastic proliferations". Cytofluorimetric investigations failed to demonstrate differences between treated and control rats during the 1st month. On the contrary, adenylate cyclase activity is very high in that period. The duration of the latency period is discussed. PMID- 7355675 TI - Thickening of the basement membrane of cortical capillaries in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Data concerning width and surface of the basement membrane of cortical capillaries in three patients with Alzheimer's disease and five age-matched controls, have been submitted to statistical analysis to ascertain the role of the aging process upon thickening of the basement membrane itself. The analysis showed that there was a significant difference between patients with Alzheimer's disease and controls (P less than 0.01) as to both width and surface of the basement membrane, so suggesting that in these patients aging was not the only factor which thickening of the basement membrane of cortical capillaries was related to. PMID- 7355677 TI - Flow-through fluorocytophotometry of different brain tumours. AB - The flow-through cytophotometric method was used to investigate the single-cell DNA content in 60 tumours of the CNS and allied structures (9 meningiomas, 5 ependymomas, 15 astrocytomas, 11 anaplastic astrocytomas, 8 glioblastomas, 7 medulloblastomas, 2 oligodendrogliomas, 1 anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and 2 neurinomas). The cytophotometric parameters were correlated with morphological and clinical data of the tumours. The results are summarised in Tables 1--7. With regard to the DNA content of their cell nuclei, the gliomas present a behaviour similar to tumours in other organs, but in the present study the cytophotometric signs of malignancy in gliomas are not so evident as in carcinomas or sarcomas. The information obtained by flow cytophotometric methods may be helpful in diagnosing the degree of malignancy in brain tumours. PMID- 7355678 TI - Correlative biochemical and morphological studies of myelination in human ontogenesis. I. Myelination of the spinal cord. AB - Biochemical, light and electron microscopic observations in six human fetuses between the 16th and 34th weeks of gestation and five infants, 1 day to 3 years old, are presented. The results indicate that myelination of the human spinal cord started before the 16th week of gestation, as a considerable amount of myelin is isolated at this time biochemically, and occasionally axons with loose myelin coils are observed in the electron microscope. It is also stressed that morphological studies are insufficient to evaluate the completion time of the myelination process, as it can be shown biochemically that qualitative myelin maturation takes a long time. PMID- 7355679 TI - Correlative biochemical and morphological studies of myelination in human ontogenesis. II. Myelination of the nerve roots. AB - Biochemical and morphological observations of nerve roots in six fetuses from the 16th to 34th week of gestation and five infants 1 day to 3 years old are presented. In dorsal roots the process of myelination begins later than in the ventral roots and spinal cord and proceeds much slower. As in the spinal cord during nerve roots myelin maturation profound lipid changes are observed. PMID- 7355680 TI - Congenital hearing impairment. AB - Although early management of children with hearing loss is extremely important, diagnosis is often delayed because the development of hearing-impaired children parallels that of normal infants until the age of nine months. A high-risk registry aids in recognition of hearing-impaired children, but fails to identify those in whom an autosomal recessive defect is responsible. Management includes harnessing the child's residual hearing with hearing aids and teaching parents methods to maximize the child's ability to recognize sounds. PMID- 7355681 TI - Understanding arterial blood gases. AB - Arterial blood gases are useful in establishing acid-base status, determining the degree of impairment of the lungs as a gas exchanger, diagnosing such important phenomena as pulmonary emboli and implementing or adjusting oxygen therapy. The balance among H+, HCO3- and CO2 is represented by the equation H+ + HCO3- in equilibrium CO2 + H2O. Primary alterations of either component of the left-hand side of the equation result in metabolic acid-base balance disturbances; primary alterations of CO2 result in respiratory acid-base balance disturbances. PMID- 7355682 TI - Conversion hysteria. AB - Conversion hysteria differs from hysteria in that it arises suddenly, rather than being a lifelong disorder. It is monosymptomatic rather than polysymptomatic, and is seen in men almost as frequently as in women. La belle indifference, when present, is a useful clue to diagnosis. Other clues are ambiguity in reporting of the symptoms, medically inconsistent symptoms and hysterical personality features. Treatment may include removing the patient from a stressful environment and removing the "payoff" yielded by the illness. A confrontation with the patient is generally to be avoided. PMID- 7355683 TI - Antiparasitic drugs. AB - Antiprotozoan drugs of choice include: chloroquine for malaria; diiodohydroxyquin for asymptomatic intestinal amebiasis; metronidazole for acute amebic colitis, extraintestinal amebiasis and trichomoniasis; quinacrine for giardiasis; quinine pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for pneumocystis pneumonia. Anthelmintic drugs of choice include: mebendazole for roundworm, pinworm, whipworm and hookworm infections; niclosamide for tapeworm infections, and thiabendazole for trichinosis. PMID- 7355684 TI - Hypertensive emergencies. AB - Sustained, severe hypertension increases the risk of stroke and renal insufficiency in all patients, and may lead to aortic dissection or accelerated ischemic heart disease in patients with underlying vascular disease. In many situations, such hypertension demands urgent, immediate blood pressure reduction. In some cases, a gradual lowering of blood pressure is not only preferable, but is essential in preventing damage from overzealous therapy. Effective treatment of mild to moderate hypertension would prevent the great majority of hypertensive crises. PMID- 7355688 TI - View from the Hill. PMID- 7355686 TI - Strides made in use of blood substitute. PMID- 7355685 TI - Treating decubiti and nonhealing wounds of the lower extremities. PMID- 7355687 TI - Glucose tolerance test is poor indicator of hypoglycemia. PMID- 7355689 TI - Urine cytology. Part I: urinary tract cytology. AB - Urinary tract cytology is an excellent means of detecting urinary tract neoplasia. It is not a good localizing technique but is an exceptionally useful diagnostic tool for monitoring high-risk patients. The closer the lesion is to the collecting point, the higher the degree of diagnostic accuracy. Thus, cells from a bladder cancer are more frequently seen than malignant cells from the ureter or renal pelvis. Properly collected urine specimens examined by qualified cytologists can also aid in the diagnosis of infections and inflammatory diseases. PMID- 7355690 TI - From heart to brain: the new definitions of death. PMID- 7355691 TI - The effects of atropine administered with standard syringe and a self-injector device. PMID- 7355692 TI - Study of serum digoxin status in digitoxicity by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7355694 TI - The usefulness of radionuclide ventriculography for the identification and assessment of patients with coronary heart disease. AB - To assess the usefulness of radionuclide angiography for the identification and evaluation of patients with coronary heart disease, we analyzed 100 consecutive patients who had undergone that examination and coronary arteriography. Regional wall motion abnormality during exercise was detected in 65 of 76 (86%) patients with occlusive coronary disease and in one of 11 (9%) with normal coronary arteries and normal left ventriculograms. The changes in the left ventricular ejection fraction in response to exercise were not helpful for the identification of individual patients with coronary disease, since changes were often small and within the error of the technique. Substantial decline of the ejection fraction during exercise indicated multivessel disease or severe proximal left anterior descending artery occlusion. PMID- 7355695 TI - Myocardial blood flow as a determinant factor in the electrical stability of the myocardium. PMID- 7355693 TI - Electrocardiographic changes in cerebrovascular hemorrhage. AB - The electrocardiographic abnormalities found in localized cerebrovascular hemorrhage which have been documented by computerized tomography (CT) scans are described. Frontal lobe hemorrhages are associated especially with the electrocardiographic abnormalities of QT prolongation and neurogenic T waves. Brain stem hemorrhage seems to be associated with noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, and sudden development of atrial fibrillation. It is proposed that the cause of ECG abnormalities in association with lesions in the vicinity of area 13 on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe, or around the circle of Willis, results from alterations in sympathetic and parasympathetic tone mediated by fibers from the orbito-frontal area to the heart via the stellate ganglia. PMID- 7355697 TI - Extension of experimental infarction with nicotine and estimates of infarct size. PMID- 7355696 TI - Biatrial electrograms during coarse atrial fibrillation and flutter-fibrillation. AB - Right and left atrial electrograms were recorded in 57 patients who demonstrated coarse atrial fibrillation or flutter-fibrillation on the scalar electrocardiogram. Atrial electrograms in coarse atrial fibrillation most often showed biatrial fibrillation with periodic slowing and regularity, while dissimilar interatrial or right intra-atrial rhythms were noted less frequently. Flutter-fibrillation on the scalar ECG required the presence of rapid regular tachysystole (flutter) somewhere in the atria and was usually associated with dissimilar interatrial or right intra-atrial rhythms, dissimilar atrial flutter rates, or fast or fragmented flutter. Coarse atrial fibrillation and flutter fibrillation may be secondary to a variety of atrial electrical events. PMID- 7355698 TI - Congenital atresia of the left coronary ostium and hypoplasia of the left main coronary artery. AB - The clinical and pathological findings are described in a six-month-old female with an unusual congenital malformation, atresia of the orifice and hypoplasia of the left main coronary artery. The literature is reviewed and the clinical findings are discussed. A comparison has been made with the anatomic findings in true single coronary artery and with the angiographic findings in anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the main pulmonary artery. PMID- 7355699 TI - Acute dissecting aneurysms of the aorta: diagnosis and treatment--1979. PMID- 7355701 TI - Cigarette smoking and coronary heart disease: new evidence and old reactions. PMID- 7355700 TI - Clinical pharmacology of the new beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. Part II. Effects of oral labetalol in patients with both angina pectoris and hypertension: a preliminary experience. PMID- 7355702 TI - Coronary care--the limits? PMID- 7355703 TI - Bradyarrhythmia after digitalis--chronic cardiotoxicity? PMID- 7355704 TI - Better aim on poison prevention: pharmacists increase efforts. PMID- 7355705 TI - Regional centers answer the challenge. PMID- 7355706 TI - The oldest 'new' program in poison control. PMID- 7355707 TI - National directions in poison control. FDA plots new course. PMID- 7355708 TI - Preventing the preventable. PMID- 7355709 TI - Keeping high blood pressure on the run. Pharmacy's big part in hypertension control. PMID- 7355710 TI - Class labeling: FDA concepts and approach. PMID- 7355712 TI - Position paper -- NIOSH stop sale request against Scott Aviation. PMID- 7355711 TI - Herzberg's theory of hygienes and motivators. PMID- 7355713 TI - Study relates health problems to anesthetic gases... PMID- 7355714 TI - A national cancer policy/an independent scientific panel. PMID- 7355715 TI - Solomon's baby -- the farmer... PMID- 7355716 TI - Gas chromatographic analysis of acetic acid in air. AB - A gas chromatographic (GC) method is presented for the specific determination of acetic acid in air. Air samples are collected in fritted midget bubblers containing aqueous sodium carbonate. Aliquots of the absorbent solution are esterified and GC analysis performed on the headspace. The formation of the ester is directly proportional to the concentration of the acetic acid concentration in the absorbent. The method is applicable to concentrations of acetic acid in air over the range of 2.0 mg/m3 to 75 mg/m3, and can be extended to include higher concentrations by quantitative dilution of samples. PMID- 7355717 TI - Experimental study of pulmonary emphysema in rats exposed to coal dust and papain: effects on the infrastructure and the cell dynamics. AB - Experimental lesions of emphysema were produced in SPF rats after laryngotracheal injection of papain and coal dust. The infrastructural changes were investigated a different intervals. The lesions observed are progressive, characterized by atrophy and ruptures of the interalveolar septa, and the disappearance of pneumocytes II. Passage through the septa of mineral particles is enhanced and total dust clearance seems to be increased. The results are discussed in the light of alveolar clearance studies using Fe-59 and surface tension measurements on pulmonary washings. PMID- 7355718 TI - An air sampling and analysis method for monitoring personal exposure to vapors of acrylate monomers. AB - A method for air sampling and analysis has been developed for vapors of acrylate monomers. Concentrations as low as 0.05 parts per million by volume (ppmv) can be measured, with the exception of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate which can be measured as low as 0.01 ppmv. These limits of sensitivity are based on a 60-minute sample at a flowrate of 500 cc per minute. The acrylate monomer vapor is adsorbed on activated silica gel, desorbed in acetone, and analyzed by gas chromatography using FFAP or OV-17 liquid phase columns. Three statistical studies show that this method is well within the accuracy and precision limits OSHA requires for methods of monitoring personnel exposure to air contaminants. Other parameters investigated were the effects of humidity, flowrate, and adsorption capacity, plus storage effects. This method has been applied to the following acrylate monomers; 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA), hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), isodecyl acrylate (IDA), methylcarbamoyloxyethyl acrylate (MCEA), 2-henoxyethyl acrylate (PEA), esterdiol-204-diacrylate (ED-204-DA), and esterdiol-204-4-ethoxy diacrylate (ED-204-4EO-DA). PMID- 7355719 TI - A new respiratory protective device. AB - This paper describes a new respiratory protective device for use in dangerous environments. The new system provides a lightweight alternative to present compressed air systems and a safe alternative to present pure oxygen respirator systems. The new system utilizes electronically controlled valves, two breathing bags, and a small, compressed supply of oxygen-rich air to achieve these goals. A prototype backpack system very adequately demonstrated the feasibility of such a system as a useable device for respiratory protection. PMID- 7355720 TI - Monitoring airborne fly ash by the membrane filter counting procedure. AB - Airborne fly ash can be monitored by the membrane filter (MF) technique. A variation of the asbestos procedure of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health is applicable for monitoring airborne fly ash in the diameter range of 0.75 to 15 micrometers. Results of a survey by the MF method of five coal-fired generating plants show as high as 263 particles of fly ash per cm3 of air in the size range of 0.75 to 5 micrometers. Recent literature on toxic metallic elements on fly ash suggest that respirable airborne fly ash is a risk to human health. Because of the importance of fly ash as air contaminants. the MF technique is proposed as a method for monitoring these particles. PMID- 7355722 TI - The decontamination of radium from a commercial building located in a large Canadian city. AB - In August, 1975, the Ministry of Health of the Province of Ontario at the request of one of the tenants of a building in a large Canadian city conducted a radiation survey of the third floor of the building. The survey, although preliminary, showed that high radiation existed on the third and second floors and that significant contamination existed in some other parts of the six-floor building. The contamination was identified as radium-226. An investigation revealed that the third floor of the building had been used during World War II for processing radium and also for some radium dial painting work. The Atomic Energy Control tboard (AECB) requested Atomic Energy of Canadian Limited (AECL) to remove the radium contaminant from the building. AECL assigned the job to its Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories (CRNL). The objectives were to reduce the radium concentration throughout the building so that radon decay products would be less than 0.02 Working Levels (WL) and exposure rates would be less than 50 microR/h. The techniques used and the extent of decontamination achieved are reported. PMID- 7355723 TI - Absorption of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) from the respiratory tracts of beagle dogs. AB - Absorption of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) from the nasopharyngeal (NP), tracheobronchial (TB) and pulmonary (P) regions of beagle dogs was determined because of the current interest in aerosolized DTPA as a method for the removal of radionuclides deposited in the respiratory tract. Radiolabled DTPA was instilled into the NP, TB and P regions of dogs and its subsequent translocation was followed for 48 hours. Results revealed that 16, 48 and 90% of the instilled DTPA was absorbed into the circulatory system from the NP, TB and P regions, respectively. A comparison was also made between NP absorption of aerosolized as opposed to instilled DTPA. Nasopharyngeal absorption (23%) of aerosolized DTPA was slightly higher than that of instilled DTPA. Further, DTPA deposited in the respiratory tract remained in the body longer than intravenously injected DTPA. These findings indicate that a substantial quantity of DTPA is absorbed from all regions of the respiratory tract and that DTPA need not be deposited within the deep lung to produce systemic absorption of DTPA for the removal of internally deposited radioactive isotopes. PMID- 7355721 TI - Recommended criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of hearing conservation programs. AB - Hearing level data from several North Carolina industrial populations is analyzed. The analysis considered several different test retest criteria as well as changes in hearing levels with time at different testing frequencies. The findings demonstrate the necessity fo subdividing the populations by race and sex. A characteristic of programs that are classified as acceptable is a significant improvement over the first four to six years of testing in the mean hearing levels (the learning curve) at 3, 4 and 6 kHz with respect to the baseline hearing test. A significant correlation is established between the change in the mean hearing level at 4 kHz and a test retest criterion defined as a shift in mean hearing level equal to or greater than 15 dB at any frequency tested in either ear. PMID- 7355724 TI - Atmospheric lead and the related blood-levels of workers in high-speed can making. AB - Any lead in the atmosphere around high-speed can-making lines consists wholly of solid particulate lead metal or lead oxidation products. The working temperature is below the boiling-point of lead, and so none of it is the result of condensation of lead vapor. Level of lead in blood does not appear to be related to the level of total lead in atmosphere or with the worker's proximity to the can-line. There may however perhaps be some relation between blood-lead level and the atmospheric concentration of the respirable part of the lead in the air breathed; investigation is therefore now directed into comparing blood-lead level with atmospheric lead-level measured by analytical procedures which select the particle-size of the sample taken. The paper presents an interim report, with data, on results so far obtained. The whole research program will study the individual operations of can-making. PMID- 7355725 TI - Comments on ''Phase Equilibrium Method for Determination of Desorption Efficiencies'' and some extensions for use in methods development. AB - Dommer and Melcher recently published a paper entitled, "Phase Equilibrium Method for Determination of Desortpion Efficiencies". The equilibrium expression which they assumed is shown to be a special case of the langmuir isotherm. The equation they derived relating the desorption efficiency, the equilibrium constant and the ratio of the weight of the solid to that of the liquid phase is discussed; the use of this relationship to demonstrate the invariance of the equilibrium constant, K, with changing ratios of liquid to solid phase is shown to lead to large uncertainties in K when the desorption efficiency is high. Use of their equation to derive expressions useful in methods development are presented and their potential utility discussed. PMID- 7355727 TI - No excess in cancer deaths found in largest group ever studied for long-term effects of dioxin exposure... PMID- 7355726 TI - Use of a GC concentrator to improve analysis of low levels of airborne hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine. AB - New findings from animal studies indicate that there is a serious cancer risk associated with exposures to hydrazines. In June, 1978, NIOSH announced more restrictive occupational exposure levels for these compounds. Adherence to these limits requires improved analytical methodology. This paper describes a modified method for monitoring hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine in atmospheric samples below the ceiling concentrations recommended by NIOSH. The method utilizes a GC concentrator for which a "trap" (ventable GC precolumn) was prepared and tested. Using this trap, up to 40 microL sample injections (injections much too large for conventional GC work) are effectively chromatographed. Presented are data on the overall efficiency of the method for airborne hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine in the concentration ranges of 0.02 - 0.67 mg/m3 and 0.04 - 1.04 mg/m3, respectively. PMID- 7355728 TI - Comments... More on ionizing radiation. PMID- 7355729 TI - Left ventricular ejection fraction and first third ejection fraction early after acute myocardial infarction: value for predicting mortality and morbidity. PMID- 7355730 TI - Regional left ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction: evaluation with quantitative radionuclide ventriculography. AB - Regional and global left ventricular performance was noninvasively assessed with quantitative gated equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography in 43 patients an average of 40 hours after the onset of a first acute transmural myocardial infarction. In all 16 patients with anterior infarction, regional ejection fraction, a quantitative measure of regional left ventricular performance, was uniformly depressed in the infarcted zone. In patients with inferior infarction the abnormalities of regional performance were less severe. Fourteen of 20 patients (70 percent) with inferior infarction had depressed performance in the infarcted zone. Function in noninfarcted zones was abnormal in only 6 of the 20 patients (30 percent) with inferior infarction, but it was abnormal in 11 of the 16 patients (69 percent) with anterior infarction, particularly in those with severe pump failure. As a consequence, global left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower in patients with anterior than in those with inferior infarction (mean +/- standard error of the mean 31 +/- 3 percent versus 51 +/- 3 percent, less than 0.005). Prognosis and clinical functional class were related to performance not only in infarcted zones, but also in noninfarcted zones as assessed with electrocardiography. It is concluded that depressed function in apparently noninfarcted left ventricular zones contributes significantly to left ventricular dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction, particularly in patients with anterior infarction. PMID- 7355731 TI - Combined right and left ventricular infarction: pathogenesis and clinicopathologic correlations. PMID- 7355732 TI - Mechanism of the repetitive ventricular response in man. AB - The electrophysiologic characteristics of the repetitive ventricular response that followed an electrically induced single premature ventricular complex were evaluated to determine its mechanism during atrial pacing or sinus rhythm in 30 patients. Seven patients had preexisting bundle branch block. His bundle or right bundle branch deflections did not precede the repetitive complex in 29 of the 30 patients, which implies that the proximal His-Purkinje system was not involved in the reentry circuit. In 24 of 30 patients the QRS axis ot the repetitive complex was divergent 45 degrees or more from the stimulated complex. In 22 of 30 patients the reprtitive complex had a right bundle branch block configuration. In 14 of 18 patients with two or more repetitive complexes, the QRS pattern changed from beat to beat, which implies that either the reentry pathway or conduction was changing. Thus, the repetitive ventricular response, which can be associated with clinically important ventricular arrhythmias, probably represents intraventricular rather than proximal His-Purkinje system reentry. PMID- 7355734 TI - Effects of exercise training on left ventricular function in normal subjects: a longitudinal study by radionuclide angiography. PMID- 7355733 TI - Superior QRS axis of ventricular premature complexes: an additional criterion to enhance the sensitivity of exercise stress testing. PMID- 7355735 TI - Statistical comparison of M mode and two dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of flail mitral leaflets. AB - Forty-five patients who had surgical therapy for pure mitral insufficiency were evaluated prospectively with both M mode and two dimensional echocardiography; 26 patients (Group I) had a flail mitral valve leaflet, and 19 patients (Group II) had intact chordae tendineae. The M mode echocardiographic criteria of a flail valve (systolic left atrial echoes, systolic mitral valve flutter, diastolic mitral flutter and chaotic paradoxic diastolic posterior leaflet motion) were compared statistically with the two dimensional echocardiographic criterion (loss of systolic leaflet coaptation). The presence of one M mode echocardiographic finding had a sensitivity of 60 percent, a specificity of 53 percent, a predictive accuracy of 63 percent and a predictive value of 50 percent. The sensitivity (96 percent), specificity (84 percent), predictive accuracy (89 percent) and predictive value (94 percent) of the two dimensional echocardiogram were statistically superior to those of the M mode study (p less than 0.05 or better for each criterion). Thus, two dimensional echocardiography is distinctly superior to M mode echocardiography in the diagnosis of flail mitral valve leaflets. PMID- 7355736 TI - Complications of the intraaortic balloon counterpulsation device: clinical and morphologic observations in 45 necropsy patients. PMID- 7355737 TI - Effect of verapamil on regional coronary and myocardial perfusion during acute coronary occlusion. PMID- 7355738 TI - Nongeometric determination of left ventricular volumes from equilibrium blood pool scans. AB - This study assesses the utility of a scintigraphic, nongeometric technique for the determination of left ventricular volumes. Accordingly, gated blood pool scintigraphy and cineangiography were performed within a 24 hour period in 22 patients. Scintigraphic volume measurements were calculated from individual frames of a modified 35 degrees left anterior oblique projection using an algorithm designed to consider (1) the background-corrected left ventricular activity normalized for activity per milliliter of peripheral venous blood; (2) total study time; (3) number of frames acquired per cardiac cycle; and (4) percent of the cardiac cycle acquired. Angiographic volumes were calculated by the area-length method and the Kennedy regression equation. There was an excellent correlation between scintigraphic and angiographic methods for all volume measurements grouped together (r = 0.985, standard error of the estimate [SEE] = 14.6 ml) as well as for segregated end-diastolic volumes (r = 0.985, SEE = 16.2 ml) and end-systolic volumes (r = 0.988, SEE = 14.7 ml). Prospective testing of the independent ability of scintigraphy to estimate ventricular volumes was provided for by studying an additional 13 patients, and good agreement was found between scintigraphic and angiographic determinations of left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes. Thus, radionuclide techniques, which are independent of geometric assumptions, may be utilized for the quantitation of left ventricular volumes. PMID- 7355739 TI - A new approach to visualize the left main coronary artery using apical cross sectional echocardiography. AB - Patients undergoing coronary arteriography were studied to evaluate the feasibility of use of cross-sectional echocardiography to detect the left main coronary artery. Visualization of the left main coronary artery from the cardiac apex was attempted using a cranial transducer angulation. With this approach, the left main coronary artery was adequately visualized in 27 of 35 consecutive patients (77 percent) who were prospectively evaluated; in 12 of the 27 the bifurcation was clearly seen. In 26 of the 27 patients cross-sectional echocardiography correctly assessed the patency of the left main coronary artery as judged with coronary angiography. One patient had a false positive echocardiographic study; there were no false negative studies. A comparison of the short axis versus apical cross-sectional techniques in another group of 30 patients revealed the superiority of the apical approach in visualization of the left main coronary artery and its bifurcation; combined use of both techniques allowed for a 93 percent (rate of) success. Thus, apical cross-sectional echocardiography permits visualization of the left main coronary artery and its bifurcation and, therefore, has the potential for detecting left main coronary obstructive lesions. PMID- 7355740 TI - Pulmonary artery sling. AB - Pulmonary artery "sling" indicates the vascular anomaly wherein the left pulmonary artery arises from the right pulmonary artery and traverses between the esophagus and trachea to enter the left lung. Respiratory symptoms may result from compression of the trachea and right mainstem bronchus by the anomalous vessel as well as by associated tracheobronchial defects. Six cases are described. The distinctive radiologic features include anterior indentation of the barium esophagogram and a characteristic pulmonary angiogram. Surgery is the usual recommended treatment for life-threatening airway obstruction, but results are often poor. In patients with less severe symptoms the physician's approach may be modified by the presence of associated intracardiac defects and intrinsic airway disease. PMID- 7355741 TI - Hypertension and propranolol therapy: effect on blood pressure, plasma catecholamines and platelet aggregation. AB - The effects of propranolol on blood pressure, plasma catecholamine concentration and platelet aggregation were examined in 16 patients with uncomplicated primary hypertension. The patients were studied at rest, during isometric handrip stress and 48 hours after sudden discontinuation of propranolol therapy. Plasma catecholamine concentration and platelet aggregation studies were also carried out in 11 age-matched normotensive and healthy subjects at rest. Plasma catecholamine concentration and platelet aggregation were greater in the hypertensive than in the normotensive subjects, but the difference reached statistical significance for aggregation only. Exercise significantly increased catecholamines and platelet aggregability. The administration of propranolol (240 mg/day) produced a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressue and in aggregation (the percent of light transmission at 1 microM adenosine diphosphate, at rest) and a significant increase in catecholamine concentration. However, propranolol did not prevent the changes in all these variables with exercise. The abrupt discontinuation of propranolol was not associated with any subjective or objective untoward cardiovascular effect or abnormal changes in plasma catecholamines. However, in some patients the platelet aggregation studies demonstrated a hyperaggregable state, which may be due to a state of supersensitivity of platelets to circulating catecholamines. PMID- 7355742 TI - Blood pressure and survival after myocardial infarction: the Framingham study. PMID- 7355743 TI - Early repair of ventricular septal rupture after infarction. PMID- 7355744 TI - Two dimensional echocardiographic visualization of ventricular septal rupture after acute anterior myocardial infarction. AB - In three consecutive cases of ventricular septal rupture after acute anterior myocardial infarction, wide angle two dimensional echocardiography readily visualized the septal defect, permitting the defect to be localized and its size estimated. In addition, negative contrast echoventriculography identified a left to right shunt at the ventricular level. The echocardiographic findings were corroborated by cardiac catheterization data in all patients, by perioperative examination in two and by postmortem findings in one patient. Postoperative echocardiographic studies afforded demonstration of the patch closing the defect. In patients with acute myocardial infarction associated with the sudden appearance of a systolic murmur, two dimensional echocardiography should be performed promptly in order to guide the diagnosis and management of these critically ill patients. In some patients with severe cardiogenic shock, in whom a favorable prognosis depends on rapid treatment, two dimensional echocardiography may allow the patient to be taken to surgery immediately without further study. PMID- 7355745 TI - Clotted hemopericardium with the hemodynamic characteristics of constrictive pericarditis. AB - Cardiac catheterization in a patient 4 weeks after coronary arterial bypass surgery demonstrated the typical hemodynamic findings of constrictive pericarditis, which completely resolved after removal of 500 ml of clotted pericardial blood. The pericardium was not responsible for the findings because it was left in place. This case demonstrates that clotted hemopericardium may mimic constrictive pericarditis. PMID- 7355746 TI - Scintigraphy in nontransmural myocardial infarction. PMID- 7355747 TI - Coronary arteriography for whom? PMID- 7355748 TI - Isoproterenol in primary hypertension. PMID- 7355749 TI - Echocardiogram in mitral regurgitation. PMID- 7355750 TI - Detection of coronary artery disease: comparison of exercise stress radionuclide angiocardiography and thallium stress perfusion scanning. PMID- 7355751 TI - Left ventricular ejection fraction determined by radionuclide ventriculography in early stages of first transmural myocardial infarction. Relation to short-term prognosis. PMID- 7355752 TI - Ventricular compliance in ischemic right ventricular dysfunction. AB - Ischemic right ventricular dysfunction was diagnosed in 54 patients with acute myocardial infarction who had a right atrial pressure disproportionately increased in relation to the pulmonary capillary pressure. The right atrial pressure curve in 40 patients (74 percent) was M- or W-shaped, termed a noncompliant pattern, and was similar to the pattern found in constrictive pericarditis. Kussmaul's sign was found in the patients whose respiration was recorded. This pattern, which represents poor right ventricular compliance, was severe in 30 cases (y descent greater than x descent) and slight in 10 cases (y descent = x descent). Its duration was variable, ranging from days to years. Of the 54 patients, 32 (59 percent) had a low output syndrome, diagnosed in the presence of a cardiac index of less than 2.2 liters/min per m2, with signs of poor tissue perfusion. The severe noncompliant pattern was significantly related to the presence of a low output syndrome (p less than 0.01) and mortality from this cause (p less than 0.05). The jugular venous tracing pulse had a pattern similar to that of the right atrial pressure recording and therefore may be valuable in the noninvasive diagnosis of right ventricular dysfunction and in the study of the evolution of the noncompliant pattern and, hence, of ventricular compliance. PMID- 7355753 TI - Negative intraventricular diastolic pressure in patients with mitral stenosis: evidence of left ventricular diastolic suction. AB - Left ventricular diastolic pressure was evaluated in 15 patients with mitral stenosis and 16 patients with no significant heart disease to determine if a stenotic mitral valve can cause the left ventricle to produce a negative diastolic pressure, indicative of ventricular diastolic suction. The minimal level of diastolic pressure in patients with mitral stenosis ranged between 6 and -7 mm Hg; in normal subjects it did not fall below 0. The average value of minimal diastolic pressure in patients with mitral stenosis (-2 +/- 1 mm Hg [mean +/- standard error of the mean]) was significantly lower than in patients without significant heart disease (5 +/- 1 mm Hg) (p less than 0.001). These observations indicate that the human left ventricle, in the presence of mitral stenosis, can generate a negative diastolic pressure. The presence of a negative diastolic pressure in patients with mitral stenosis suggests that the dynamics of the ventricle during diastole may contribute to the filling process. PMID- 7355755 TI - Electrophysiologic and anatomic correlates of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias in a model of chronic myocardial infarction. PMID- 7355754 TI - Echocardiography in assessing acute pulmonary hypertension due to pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7355757 TI - Collateral vessels between the coronary and bronchial arteries in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. AB - Selective coronary arteriography (using the Sones technique) was performed in 67 patients with congenital heart disease aged 1 to 33 years. Five of the 23 patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease had collateral vessels between the coronary and bronchial arteries; none of the 44 patients with noncyanotic congenital heart disease had such vessels. Each of the five patients with collateral vessels had severe obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract or the pulmonary valve plus a ventricular septal defect and a right to left shunt. It appears that such collateral vessels from the coronary arteries provide an increment to pulmonary blood flow in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease and diminished pulmonary flow. PMID- 7355758 TI - Episodic drug treatment in the management of paroxysmal arrhythmias. AB - The use of maintenance medication in the treatment of episodic cardiac arrhythmia is often complicated by problems of patient compliance with therapy and adverse side effects. Furthermore, repeated hospitalizations and cardioversions are both costly and inconvenient. A method of intermittent drug therapy is described in which antiarrhythmic medication is taken only at the onset of an episode of arrhythmia. This approach was effective in terminating both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias in 24 of 32 patients and obviated the need for hospitalization and further treatment. In cases in which maintenance therapy was required because of the frequent occurrence of arrhythmia, periodic drug therapy was still of value in the treatment of breakthrough episodes. The use of intermittent drug therapy is a safe and effective approach to the management of episodic cardiac arrhythmia and, in addition, results in significant financial saving. PMID- 7355759 TI - Mexiletine therapy in 15 patients with drug-resistant ventricular tachycardia. AB - Mexiletine therapy was administered to 15 patients with chronic and recurrent episodes of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. All patients were intolerant of or had arrhythmias resistant to conventional antiarrhythmic agents. At maximal dosages of mexiletine 2 patients had more than 90 percent reduction in frequency of premature ventricular complexes, whereas 11 patients had less than 50 percent reduction, as measured on 24 hour electrocardiographic recordings. Mexiletine was unsuccessful in preventing or abolishing ventricular tachycardia in 11 patients. Adverse side effects occurred in nine patients (60 percent) and were severe enough to necessitate discontinuation of therapy in six patients (40 percent). Side effects appeared to be dosage-related. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated a mean elimination half-life of 12.6 +/- 1.6 hours following oral administration of mexiletine. In the patients studied, mexiletine exhibited limited antiarrhythmic efficacy and was associated with frequent adverse side effects. PMID- 7355756 TI - Scanning electron microscopy after coronary transluminal angioplasty of normal canine coronary arteries. AB - Percutaneous coronary transluminal angioplasty is currently being proposed as a possible treatment for some patients with significant coronary arterial lesions. In this study scanning electron microscopy was used to assess the morphologic changes caused by the angioplasty balloon catheter in normal canine coronary arteries. Balloon inflation uniformly caused endothelial denudation with virtually immediate dense platelet adhesion to the subendothelial matrix. This platelet adhesion was unaffected by pretreatment with aspirin (35 mg/kg body weight) or heparin (2,000 units). However, intravenous administration of low molecular weight dextran almost completely prevented platelet adhesion to the exposed subendothelial connective tissues. It is concluded that even in normal canine coronary arteries (1) loss of endothelium is seen after transluminal angioplasty; (2) this endothelial damage stimulates platelet adhesion and thrombus formation; and (3) the immediate layering of platelets can be prevented by administration of low molecular weight dextran. PMID- 7355761 TI - Study of moxaprindine with programmed electrical stimulation of the heart in patients with reentrant tachyarrhythmias. PMID- 7355760 TI - Ventricular ectopic activity after medical and surgical treatment for recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7355762 TI - Dose requirements of hydralazine in patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure. PMID- 7355763 TI - Calcification in porcine xenograft valves in children. AB - Calcification developed in the degenerating collagen of the cusps of three porcine xenograft heart valves implanted in children for less than 4 years. The morphologic features and effects of this calcification are presented. Calcification of porcine xenografts seems to occur more frequently and at an earlier stage after insertion in children than in adults. Host factors, possibly related to calcium homeostasis, may promote calcification; hence, these valves may not be appropriate for use in children. PMID- 7355765 TI - Adult cardiovascular training programs in the United States. This listing is provided as a service to physicians by the American College of Cardiology. PMID- 7355764 TI - Silent myocardial ischemia in patients with a defective anginal warning system. PMID- 7355766 TI - Torsade de pointes and mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 7355767 TI - Treatment of torsade de pointes. PMID- 7355769 TI - Ventricular fibrillation during ergonovine maleate provocation of coronary arterial spasm. PMID- 7355768 TI - Spontaneous rupture of abdominal aneurysm. PMID- 7355770 TI - Mobitz type II His-Purkinje block during His bundle pacing. PMID- 7355771 TI - Mitral regurgitation. PMID- 7355772 TI - The interaction between vitamin B12 and vitamin C. PMID- 7355774 TI - Liver storage iron in normal population of Cuba. AB - One hundred sixty-one liver specimens from subjects who died acute traumatic deaths were studied. Of these, 127 came from male subjects and 34 from female subjects. The liver storage iron values of subjects in the persent study dying acutely from traumas and the differences found are in agreement with those expected according to the iron physiological needs and the prevalence of anemia reported by this cause in the world. This substantiates that the study of nonheme iron contents in subjects who died acute traumatic deaths is a good method for assessing iron nutritional status in a population. It is interesting to note the significant increase of hepatic storage iron found in men 61 to 70 years old, although it would be important to increase the number of cases to obtain more representative data. Liver storage iron in the Cuban population is not essentially different from that reported in the United States, Sweden, and Australia and the deficiency percentage is one of the lowest in Latin America. PMID- 7355773 TI - Serum and plasma zinc, copper and iron concentrations in Aboriginal communities of North Western Australia. AB - Two aboriginal communities situated in the tropical north-west of the Australian continent have been investigated in regard to trace metal status (zinc, copper, and iron) and other laboratory and epidemiological information. A total of 364 persons, ranging in age from 5 to 77 years were studied. The incidence of hypozincemia (serum or plasma zinc concentration less than 0.71 micrograms/ml) of the two communities when combined was 24.4%, while hypercupremia (defined as serum or plasma copper levels greater than 1.38 micrograms/ml) was 47.9%. Depressed serum iron levels were demonstrated in more than 50% of the Aborigines studied. Hypozincemia was most prevalent (incidence 31 to 67%) in children at the time of the important pre- and postadolescent growth period (10 to 15 years) and in women beyond 60 years of age (incidence 33 to 64%). Serum total protein and vitamin B12 levels tended to be increased. Mild anemia was seen in approximately one in five persons aged less than 20 years. Intestinal parasites and pathogenic enterobacteria were frequently isolated in fecal specimens. In one community, half of the persons examined had positive isolates of enteric pathogens. Intestinal parasites predominated and were more frequently isolated from persons aged less than 20 years. Ancylostoma duodenale accounted for 32% of the pathogens isolated. Evidence is presented that suggests that both communities are exposed to numerous bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections. The diet consumed in these communities is predominately white flour and refined sugar. Geophagia is practiced in this area of Australia. It is emphasied that all the etiological prerequisites and many of the laboratory findings ascribed to the zinc deficiency syndrome appear to be operating in the two Aboriginal communities studied. PMID- 7355775 TI - Stability of vitamin B12 in the presence of ascorbic acid in food and serum: restoration by cyanide of apparent loss. AB - Ascorbic acid in varying amounts was added to food and serum samples and heated at 37 C. Vitamin B12 was then measured by radioimmunoassay and microbiologically using several extraction methods. B12 values in a cottage cheese meal were lower than controls when concentrations of ascorbic acid greater than but not equal or less than 0.5 mg/ml were added and if KCN was not used during extraction, but when 70 micrograms/ml KCN was added after ascorbic acid exposure B12 was quantitatively recovered. Serum B12 was variably decreased by lesser concentrations of ascorbic acid but was also quantitatively restored by increasing KCN concentration during extraction. In the absence of KCN in the extraction step some loss of B12 at 100 C was observed; the loss was greater with added ascorbic acid. Our results indicate that previous reports on B12 loss in the presence of ascorbic acid are artifacts of the methods used. In view of these in vitro findings B12 destruction by ascorbic acid in vivo seems highly improbable. PMID- 7355776 TI - Breast-feeding patterns in rural Bangladesh. AB - Nearly 1500 women with live births from February through September 1974 were included in this multiple phase study of breast-feeding patterns in a rural area of Banglandesh. The median duration of breast feeding was observed to be 30 months. Over 75% of the women whose most recently born children were living were breast feeding at 2 1/2 years postpartum. The major reason for discontinuing breast feeding in the 1st year was infant death, and in the 2nd year, pregnancy. Insufficient milk was given as a reason for discontinuing breast feeding by 18% of the women who stopped breast feeding for reasons other than child death; among these women almost 60% were pregnant at the time they stopped. Of the breast feeding women who became pregnant, over 50% continued to breast feed through the 6th month of pregnancy. A sample of 200 breast-feeding women with children ages 17 to 25 months were followed longitudinally for 1 1/2 years or until the mothers conceived. A seasonal trend in suckling time was observed with women reducing suckling during the harvest season. Total suckling time was inversely associated with socioeconomic factors and with infant nutritional status. No association was found between mean suckling time and maternal nutritional status, maternal morbidity, infant morbidity, or child's sex. PMID- 7355777 TI - Longitudinal studies of anthropometric data and body composition. The population study of women in Gotenberg, Sweden. AB - Anthropometric data and body composition, estimated from total body potassium and total body water determinations, were studied in 1968 to 1968 and 1974 to 1975 in a population sample of middle-aged women. Altogether 1302 women participated in the anthropometric studies and 79 women in the body composition studies on both occasions. Body height decreased with age both secularly and biologically. The reduction of body height was greater at higher ages. Body weight increased with age, the change being partly a cohort effect and partly an effect of age. Evidence of a reduced muscle mass in the arms with age was found. Body cell mass increased with age in some age strata. There was an increase in subcutaneous fat with age, both in the arms and in the trunk. Body fat did not change significantly with age in the age strata studied. A change in body weight was accompanied by a smiliar change in both body fat and body cell mass. PMID- 7355778 TI - Urinary nitrogen output as a validity test in dietary surveys. PMID- 7355779 TI - The human requirement for copper. I. Healthy men fed conventional, American diets. AB - Each of 13 men was fed diets made from conventional foods for two to seven periods lasting 30 days in a metabolic ward. There was a total of 47 experimental periods. Supplementation of the basal diet with each of several bran or other fiber sources was done in no particular order; each subject was fed the unsupplemented diet for at least one period. The diet was designed to contain amounts of essential nutrients close to the Recommended Dietary Allowances; it resembled the "average" American diet as it contained 16% protein, 40% fat, and 44% carbohydrate. Only minimal variation in energy intake and physical activity of the men was permitted; body weight remained constant within +/- 2%. Copper in food, feces, and urine was measured during the last 12 days of each period. Linear regression of balance (intake minus the sum of fecal and urinary losses) revealed a daily requirement of 1.30 mg (95% confidence limits of 1.24 to 1.35 mg). On consideration of a calculated surface loss of 0.25 mg/day, the requirement is 1.55 mg/day. The requirement was unaffected by the type of fiber source. A review of published data revealed that this requirement substantially exceeds the amount of copper found in many conventional diets. PMID- 7355781 TI - The effects of ascorbate ingestion on levels of salivary iga in adult volunteers. PMID- 7355780 TI - Enhanced lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes of zinc-deficient rats. AB - The clinical association of decreased serum and hepatic zinc in patients with cirrhosis of the liver presumably arising from excess ethanol ingestion prompted a study of the activities of zinc and alcohol in experimental animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of zinc deficiency upon lipid peroxidation in the liver. The effect of ethanol and zinc deficiency on lipid peroxidation was also evaluated. Rats were used in the experimental design, one group received a control diet, and one was maintained on a zinc-deficient diet. One-half of each group also received 3.85 g ethanol per kilogram body weight daily. Lipid peroxidation in vivo was determined by estimation of diene conjugation of microsomal lipids. The in vitro lipid peroxidation potential was measured by the generation of malonic dialdehyde by enzymatic as well as nonenzymatic reactions. Analysis of this data indicated that increased hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation was associated with zinc deficiency whether using in vivo or in vitro indices of measurement. Review of the data from individual animals indicated that the lowest levels of serum zinc were associated with increased hepatic content of phospholipids. The degree of lipid peroxidation in the zinc deficient animals was not increased by ingestion of alcohol. PMID- 7355782 TI - Determinants of plasma cholesterol in children--a family study. AB - Twin and family studies have revealed genetic and maternal influences on plasma cholesterol. This study was designed to identify familial and environmental variables related to cholesterol levels in children. Volunteer families (n = 74) were obtained from a previous study of cord blood cholesterol. When the children were 2.5 years old, blood samples, dietary histories, heights, weights, and skinfold thicknesses were obtained. Dietary variables were significantly correlated with plasma cholesterol levels in children but not in their parents. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify sets of variables predictive of plasma cholesterol fractions of these children. For plasma total cholesterol, the set included previous history of breast feeding (versus formula), child's current dietary poly-unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio, maternal alcohol and fat consumption, paternal cholesteryl esters, and maternal hematocrit (r = 0.53). Free cholesterol had a similar predictive variable set (r = 0.52). More variation in esterified cholesterol of children was predicted (r = 0.69) by history of breast feeding, child's current protein and caloric intake, maternal total and esterified cholesterol, and proteinuria during pregnancy. Cord blood cholesterol was not predictive of any later cholesterol measurement. These correlations of children's plasma cholesterol with multiple factors emphasize the importance of focusing on very early childhood for study of both the normal developmental pattern of human cholesterol and intervention to prevent adult hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 7355785 TI - A mathematical relationship between the fatty acid composition of the diet and that of the adipose tissue in man. AB - Based on literature data, the hypothesis is advanced that in human subjects a direct mathematical relationship exists between the average fatty acid composition of the habitual diet and that of the lipid stores of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Since the half-life of adipose tissue fatty acids in man is in the order of 600 days, the fatty acid pattern of depot fat provides a qualitative measure of the fat intake over a period of 2 to 3 years. It is concluded that in long-term experimental and epidemiological nutritional surveys the adipose tissue fatty acid pattern of the subjects is a useful index of the average composition of their habitual dietary fat. PMID- 7355784 TI - The effects of increasing weekly doses of ascorbate on certain cellular and humoral immune functions in normal volunteers. AB - Certain functions of the blood neutrophils and lymphocytes from normal adult volunteers were evaluated after the ingestion of increasing doses of ascorbate. Serum immunoglobulins and levels of C'3 and total hemolytic complement were also measured. Enhancement of neutrophil motility to a chemotactic stimulus of endotoxin-activated autologous serum was observed in normal adult volunteers after the ingestion of 2 and 3 g ascorbate daily. No alteration was observed at lower doses. Other neutrophil functions evaluated that remained unaltered by ascorbate, were postphagocytic hexose monophosphate shunt activity and myeloperoxidase mediated iodination of ingested protein. Stimulation of lymphocyte transformation to the mitogens phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A was detected after the daily ingestion of 1, 2, and 3 g of ascorbate. Mitogen induced protein synthesis was unaffected. Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, C'3, and C'4 and total complement activity were unaltered by ascorbate. PMID- 7355783 TI - The nutritionally and metabolically destructive "nutritional and metabolic antineoplastic diet" of laetrile proponents. PMID- 7355786 TI - Red cell transketolase as an indicator of nutritional deficiency. PMID- 7355787 TI - Red cell transketolase as an indicator of nutritional deficiency. PMID- 7355788 TI - Is it bad not to be thin? PMID- 7355789 TI - Assessment of the nutritional status of children. PMID- 7355791 TI - Growth of the exclusively breast-fed infant. PMID- 7355790 TI - Serum cholesterol levels of males and females in different age groups in South India. AB - A number of epidemiological studies on cholesterol levels in several parts of North India have been reported but there are no cholesterol levels in South India where the dietary patterns are different. Serum total cholesterol in 411 normal healthy males and females of ages ranging from 10 to 65 years was determined in Andhra Pradesh. Cholesterol levels in males gradually increased up to 40 years. Females had higher values than males until 20 years of age and relatively lower values afterwards. No difference was noticed between males and females after 40 years. The results are compared with those reported from North India and from other countries. PMID- 7355792 TI - Human milk folate and folate status in lactating mothers and their infants. AB - Plasma and red blood cell folate levels of healthy, well-nourished lactating mothers were measured. Folate levels in their breast-fed infants were significantly higher than in the mothers. No abnormal hematological findings were observed in either mothers or infants. Folate levels in breast milk and in the infants' plasma were significantly correlated. The mean breast-milk folate level was 141.4 ng/ml. The total daily folate intake for breast-fed infants was assessed at 14 to 25 micrograms/kg body weight. The plasma and red blood cell folate levels of the lactating mothers were significantly increased after oral administration of 1 mg pteroylmonoglutamate daily for 4 weeks. However, milk folate level did not change. PMID- 7355793 TI - The effect of thiamin and riboflavin supplementation on the level of those vitamins in human breast milk and urine. AB - Thiamin and riboflavin concentrations in urine and breast milk were measured to see if vitamin supplementation during lactation is beneficial to healthy well nourished women. seven supplemented subjects and five nonsupplemented subjects expressed milk four times per day for 3 days at 1 and 6 weeks postpartum. Dietary intakes were recorded for 1 day before milk collection and the 3 days of milk collection. A 24-hr urine sample was collected at 1 and 6 weeks postpartum. Mean thiamin concentration in the milk increased significantly in both groups between 1 and 6 weeks postpartum, although there were no significant differences between groups. Riboflavin values reflected in the milk were significantly lower in the nonsupplemented group of women both at 1 and 6 weeks postpartum, but values did not change significantly in either groups as the milk matured from 1 to 6 weeks postpartum. Urinary excretion of thiamin and riboflavin was proportionally higher in the supplemented group of women. Riboflavin and thiamin status of both groups of women depicted normal intakes and the milk concentration of thiamin and riboflavin either met or exceeded established norms in both groups of women. PMID- 7355794 TI - Red cell transketolase as an indicator of nutritional deficiency. AB - Twenty patients who had symptoms that were apparently neurotically functional are reported because they proved to have abnormal red cell transketolase activity. Although in many of the cases the etiology appeared to be associated with heavy consumption of "junk" foods, carbonated or sweet beverages, and candy, this was not so in all of them and the etiology in these cases remains obscure. The symptoms in all 20 patients could be correlated with those well documented in early beriberi and all were clinically improved by the administration of thiamin. In only two cases were other vitamins administered. Such improvement was slow and there were no dramatic recoveries. In 10 patients improved transketolase activity was correlated with clinical well-being. The other 10 patients did not keep their return appointments. Telephone contract revealed that they were asymptomatic. PMID- 7355795 TI - Failure of a large dose of vitamin A to enhance the antibody response to tetanus toxoid in children. AB - Field studies to determine the effects of a large dose of water miscible vitamin A on selected parameters of children's immunological function were completed in rural Bangladesh. There was no difference between vitamin A treated or control groups in tetanus antitoxin responses after tetanus toxoid immunization or in skin test reactivity to common antigens. Subsequent studies with mice demonstrated vitamin A dose-related antitoxin responses, but the animals required amounts of vitamin that would be likely cause undesirable side effects if administered in similar doses to children. PMID- 7355796 TI - The effects of the dietary intakes of copper, iron, manganese, and zinc on the trace element content of human milk. AB - Fifteeen breast-feeding mothers who volunteered for a study of trace elements in human milk, kept two 7-day food records during the course of lactation. The 1st survey week ranged from 6 to 8 weeks and the 2nd survey week from 17 to 22 weeks postpartum. The milk samples submitted for analysis represented a sample of every feed during a period of 24 hr and contained foremilk and hindmilk in equal proportions. The 7-day food records were handled by a computing system to give an average daily food consumption and nutrient intake, but iron was the only trace element given by the system. In order to estimate the trace element intakes of the mothers, mixtures were prepared to represent the average daily food consumption. The trace element concentrations of the mixtures and milk samples were analyzed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The estimated average daily copper intake was 1.8 mg, the iron intake 16 mg, the manganese intake 5 mg, and the zinc intake 13 mg. The mean copper, iron, manganese, and zinc concentrations of the milk samples were 0.36 +/- 0.07 mg/liter, 0.40 +/- 0.10 mg/liter, 4.5 +/- 1.8 microgram/liter, and 1.89 +/- 0.74 mg/liter for the 1st survey week and 0.21 +/- 0.07 mg/liter, 0.29 +/- 0.09 mg/liter, 4.0 +/- 1.5 microgram/liter, and 0.72 +/- 0.44 mg/liter for the 2nd survey week. A significant positive correlation (P less than 0.01) was observed in the 2nd survey week between maternal manganese intake and the manganese content of human milk. The intake of copper, iron, and zinc, at the present level of intake, did not seem to affect the corresponding trace element levels in human milk. PMID- 7355798 TI - A study of malabsorption in intestinal tuberculosis: stagnant loop syndrome. AB - A study was carried out in the patients with intestinal tuberculosis and obstruction requiring surgery to determine the pathogenesis of malabsorption in this condition. Fifteen of the 20 patients studied had malabsorption, nine of 17 (53%) had intestinal bacterial overgrowth and 10 of 16 (62.6%) had free bile acids in their jejunal aspirates. In a comparable group of nontuberculus intestinal obstruction requiring surgery, six of seven (85.7%) had malabsorption, and four of five (80%) had both the bacterial overgrowth as well as bile salt deconjugation. Among a group of 10 patients with intestinal tuberculosis without significant obstruction, four were found to have malabsorption but only one had evidence of bacterial overgrowth and bile salt deconjugation. In contrast, only one of the 10 patients with extraintestinal tuberculosis and none of the 12 healthy, normal subjects had malabsorption. None had bacterial overgrowth or bile salt deconjugation in either group. Resection of the obstructing lesion corrected the malabsorption as well as the bacterial overgrowth and the bile salt deconjugation in all four patients tested with intestinal tuberculosis. Malabsorption in intestinal tuberculosis thus appears to be associated with obstruction rather than with the tuberculous process. Demonstration of bacterial overgrowth and bile salt deconjugation in the upper small intestine of patients with intestinal tuberculosis with obstruction and malabsorption indicate the presence of a stagnant loop syndrome. PMID- 7355797 TI - Sulphate, acid-base, and mineral balances of obese women during weight loss. AB - Four obese women, each at least 50% above their expected weight for height were maintained in the metabolic unit for 63 days on liquid formula diets of differing protein and calorie content. We made the following findings: 1) When 12 g protein nitrogen was consumed, 1 mEq of acid was excreted in the urine for every 2 mEq of urinary sulphate. 2) On a protein-free diet more acid was excreted in the urine than could be accounted for by oxidation of sulphur to the sulphate which was excreted in the urine. 3) Both increased consumption of protein and a restriction of dietary calories was associated with an increase of urinary acid. 4) Urinary sulphur excretion was closely correlated with nitrogen intake and urinary urea nitrogen excretion. However, on a protein-free diet the ratio of total nitrogen to sulphur in the urine was greater than when 12 g protein nitrogen was consumed. 5) There is some evidence that when total calorie intake was reduced at a level of 12 g protein nitrogen intake, the ratio of urinary urea nitrogen to urinary sulfur decreased. This suggests selective retention of some nonsulphur containing amino acids and/or selective oxidation of sulphur-containing amino acids. 6) In general, urinary calcium and magnesium excretions were depressed both with a decrease in protein consumption and a decrease in caloric intake. 7) The urinary excretions of calcium and magnesium showed a tendency to fall during the 63 days of the experiment. 8) The urinary and fecal phosphorus excretion remained constant during the various metabolic periods of the experiment. PMID- 7355799 TI - Effect of sucrose polyester on fecal steroid excretion by 24 normal men. PMID- 7355800 TI - The hemicellulose component of dietary fiber. AB - The digestion of hemicellulose in humans was investigated with subjects with an ileostomy and subjects with healthy small and large bowel on a fixed diet of known fiber content. It was shown that an average of 65% of the hemicelluloses were digested by women ileostomy subjects and 83% by men ileostomy subjects and 97% in the intact women subjects and 95% in the intact men subjects. The monosaccharide composition of the hemicelluloses in the diet, small bowel excreta and feces, suggest that an arabinoxylan hemicellulose from cereals, is not digested in the small bowel and only partly digested in the large bowel. This study suggests that it is the arabinoxylans from cereals that are important components of dietary fiber. PMID- 7355801 TI - The effect of dietary sucrose on protein utilization in healthy young men. PMID- 7355802 TI - Estimated fluoride intake of 6-month-old infants in four dietary regions of the United States. AB - Eleven composite food groups comprising the infant "market basket" food collections for 1977 or 1978 from each of four dietary regions of the United States were analyzed for their fluoride content. Based upon the determined fluoride content of each composite and Food and Drug Administration estimates of food consumption the daily fluoride intake of an average 6-month-old infant residing in each of the dietary regions was calculated. The daily fluoride intake varied from 0.207 mg/day in Grand Rapids, Mich. (north central dietary region) to 0.541 mg/day in Orlando, Fla. (south dietary region). Flouride intakes of 0.272 and 0.354 mg/day were calculated for Philadelphia, Pa. (northeast dietary region) and Los Angeles, Calif. (west dietary region), respectively. The fluoride content of the water supplies ranged from 0.37 ppm (Los Angeles) to 1.04 ppm (Grand Rapids). Drinking water, dairy products and substitutes (other than milk), and grain and cereal products contributed 44 to 80% of the daily fluoride intake. In three of the four dietary regions the daily fluoride intake was less than the optimum level of 0.05 mg/kg body weight. PMID- 7355803 TI - Fluoride intakes of young male adults in the United States. AB - The total daily fluoride intake for young male adults living in four geographical areas of the United States has been estimated by the analysis of "market basket collections" obtained in 1975 and 1977. The fluoride intake in 1975 vaired from 0.912 mg/day in an unfluoridated city (Kansas City, Mo.) to 1.720 mg/day in a fluoridated city (Atlanta, Ga.). The 1977 collection from San Francisco, Calif. contained more fluoride (1.636 mg/day) than the 1975 collection (1.213 mg/day). The level of intake found in this study is less than that reported by San Filippo and Battistone (Clin. Chem. Acta 31: 453, 1971) who analyzed similar collections from Baltimore, Md. in 1967 to 1968 (2.09 to 2.34 mg/day). This study, as well as the earlier one, indicates that relatively low levels of fluoride are being consumed in the United States by the young adult male 16 to 19 years of age. PMID- 7355804 TI - A note on the interpretation of results of supplementation trials. AB - In a supplementation trial to study the effect of the supplemental treatment on some response variable of interest, the variable is often measured twice from each subject, namely; before (x) and after (y) the trial period. The difference between y and x (Z = y - x) is then computed for each subject. The Z and x values are the primary data for statistical analysis. The objective of the study is to obtain an unbiased estimate of the "average effect" of the supplemental treatment on the response variable. When x is not comparable in the two groups (supplementation versus no supplementation) but x and Z are similarly correlated in the two groups, then an unbiased estimate of the average effect is obtained by the usual method of covariance adjustment of x. However, when x and Z are not similarly correlated in the two groups, a modified method of adjustment of x is needed to obtain an unbiased estimate of the average effect. The modified method is given in this note. Furthermore, the statistical implication of the average effect so obtained is discussed. PMID- 7355805 TI - Urban-rural differences in the growth of Peruvian children. AB - The growth characteristics of children from four villages in northern Peru were compared with those of poor urban children in the capital city, in whom short stature but generally satisfactory weight for height relationships after infancy had been demonstrated. Height for age and weight for age fell more rapidly during infancy in the rural than in the urban children of both sexes. Rural girls caught up with the urban girls in height during childhood but did not match them in weight until late adolescence. Their weight to height ratios were consistently lower after 1 year of age, most strikingly between 2 and 5 years of age, and did not approach or match those of the urban girls until adolescence. Rural boys did not catch up with the urban boys in height or weight (differences in height were not statistically significant between 6 and 10 years, however) and their ratios remained consistently lower until late adolescence, most strikingly in early childhood and during puberty. Such urban-rural and sex differences, if typical and current, might well call for very different remedial measures at different ages in each of the populations. PMID- 7355807 TI - "Morbid" obesity: a hazardous disorder that resists conservative treatment. PMID- 7355806 TI - The impact of ordinary illnesses on the dietary intakes of malnourished children. AB - The effect of respiratory infections, diarrhea, illness-induced apathy, and of a summary variable of selected common symptoms on food intake was estimated from data collected on preschool children from rural Guatemala. The presence of selected common symptoms was associated with an average reduction in daily intake of nearly 20%, equivalent to 175 kcal and 4.8 g of protein. Effects were of similar magnitude for diarrhea and for apathy but lower for respiratory infections, namely 61 kcal and 1.0 g of protein. It is concluded that common illnesses are an important cause of low dietary intakes in children from Guatemama. PMID- 7355808 TI - Prevalence of severe obesity in adults in the United States. PMID- 7355809 TI - Factors controlling food intake: a comparison of dieting and intestinal bypass. PMID- 7355810 TI - Overview: jejunoileal bypass in the treatment of morbid obesity. PMID- 7355812 TI - Gastroplasty in the surgical treatment of morbid obesity. PMID- 7355811 TI - Gastric bypass in morbid obesity. AB - Gastric operations for the treatment of morbid obesity have been standardized. They require close adherence to specifications for success. The upper stomach volume should be measured intraoperatively and fashioned to a capacity of 50 ml at a pressure of 25 to 30 cm of saline. The outlet should be no larger than 12 mm in diameter. The necessity for bypassing the remainder of the stomach and duodenum has not been established. Early maintenance of gastric decompression and immediate supervision and education of patients regarding new eating habits are crucial in the prevention of gastric rupture. Long-term care is usually minimal, but patients should be followed at least at 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and at yearly intervals thereafter. Increasing numbers of intestinal bypass operations are being replaced by gastric bypass or gastroplasty. Many surgeons who once used intestinal bypass have decided to use the stomach operations instead because of the much less complicated long-term care required after the gastric procedures. PMID- 7355813 TI - Effects of truncal vagotomy on body weight and hyperinsulinemia in morbid obesity. PMID- 7355814 TI - Jaw wiring. PMID- 7355815 TI - Combined medical-surgical approaches to treatment of obesity. PMID- 7355816 TI - Assessment of jejunoileostomy for obesity--some observations since 1976. AB - In this review, which only partially covers the data available, it is pointed out that the evaluation of the results of jejunoileostomy may depend upon the criteria used by the observers, and disclosure of the true effects of the operation may depend upon the long-term follow-up of the patients. With increasing length of observation, it has become apparent that problems such as vitamin D deficiency, renal stone formation, continued steatorrhea, gallstones, zinc and copper deficiency, and even renal failure may be seen with disturbing frequency. Some of these may be preventable, others may be correctable and, indeed, the overall incidence of genuinely severe problems may, in the long run, be sufficiently low so as to make the benefits of jejunoileostomy outweigh the hazards. The rate of patient satisfaction is high, quality of life is generally improved and psychosocial and economic benefits of jejunoileostomy are apparent. The operation may also be a better alternative than the physical hazards of continuing obesity. Whether or not gastric bypass represents a true improvement over jejunoileostomy will depend upon the conclusions reached after applying to it the same searching scrutiny that is being used to examine the long-term results of jejunoileostomy. PMID- 7355817 TI - Emotional responses to weight reduction by three methods: gastric bypass, jejunoileal bypass, diet. PMID- 7355818 TI - Treatment of proctitis after jejunoileal bypass operations. PMID- 7355819 TI - Changes in perceptual responsiveness following jejunoileostomy: their potential role in reducing food intake. PMID- 7355820 TI - The case against radical interventions. PMID- 7355822 TI - Morbid obesity: good and poor results of jejunoileal and gastric bypass. PMID- 7355824 TI - True informed consent in surgical treatment of morbid obesity: the current case for both jejunoileal and gastric bypass. PMID- 7355823 TI - Federal employee program benefits for surgical treatment of morbid obesity. PMID- 7355821 TI - Long-term follow-up of jejunoileal bypass patients. PMID- 7355826 TI - Our experience with the jejunoileal bypass. PMID- 7355827 TI - A survey of surgical techniques for treatment of obesity and a remark on the bilio-intestinal bypass method. PMID- 7355828 TI - Negative psychiatric sequelae to jejunoileal bypass are often not correlated with operative results. PMID- 7355825 TI - Remarks: surgery and obesity. PMID- 7355829 TI - A summary of 24 years' experience with surgery for morbid obesity. PMID- 7355830 TI - Two years of clinical experience with biliopancreatic bypass for obesity. PMID- 7355831 TI - Reduction of gastric reservoir capacity. PMID- 7355832 TI - Survey comparison of success, morbidity, mortality, fees and psychological benefits and costs of 3,146 patients receiving jejunoileal or gastric bypass. PMID- 7355834 TI - Workshop II--comparative assessment of jejunoileal and gastric bypass. PMID- 7355835 TI - Workshop III--research needs. PMID- 7355833 TI - Workshop I--for whom is surgical treatment desirable and undesirable? PMID- 7355836 TI - Some characteristics of indicators of nutritional status for use in screening and surveillance. PMID- 7355837 TI - Protein requirement for intrauterine growth retarded infants. PMID- 7355838 TI - Effect of nutrition on serum zinc concentration during pregnancy in Turkish women. AB - The serum zinc concentration in 101 pregnant women and 40 control subjects were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The zinc levels were significantly low in 30 poorly nourished pregnant women compared to controls (P less than 0.01), whereas there was no statistical difference between the normal mean zinc values and that of well-nourished pregnant women (P greater than 0.05). This study revealed that nutrition is an important factor during pregnancy among Turkish women. In view of severe teratogenic effects of maternal zinc depletion in experimental animals as well as epidemiological evidence that maternal zinc deficiency could be a cause of severe congenital malformations of the central nervous system in humans, more extensive studies are definitely needed in Turkey. PMID- 7355840 TI - Breath hydrogen after oral xylose in tropical malabsorption. PMID- 7355839 TI - Hydrogen breath test of lactose absorption in adults: the application of physiological doses and whole cow's milk sources. PMID- 7355841 TI - Dietary fiber and blood lipids: treatment of hypercholesterolemia with guar crispbread. AB - Eleven hyperlipidemic patients took an average of 13 g guar in crispbread form over 2- to 8-week periods. Eight weeks' treatment (seven patients) reduced total serum cholesterol by 13% (P less than 0.002) while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was unchanged. A 13% nonsignificant reduction was also seen in serum triglyceride. Comparison of blood lipid changes over 2-week periods showed guar crispbread to be as effective as guar given in hydrated (eight patients) or semihydrated form (four patients). In addition total serum cholesterol was lowered significantly (11%, P less than 0.05) in five patients where cholestyramine was ineffective. Due to its acceptability, guar crispbread is likely to prove a useful cholesterol-lowering agent. PMID- 7355847 TI - Nutrition in the pathogenesis of alcoholic pancreatitis. AB - The pathogenesis of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis is unclear. Some European studies have shown that alcoholics who develop pancreatitis consume a diet richer in protein and fat than normal controls. The infrequency of alcoholic cirrhosis in patients with alcoholic pancreatitis in these studies was explained by this enhanced nutritional intake protecting the liver but not the pancreas. In this study we evaluated by an oral recall method the nutritional intake of patients with alcoholic pancreatitis or alcoholic cirrhosis prior to the onset of symptomatology and compared the data with established norms. Our data did not confirm the European observation that pancreatitis patients consume amounts of protein and fat, more than the general population and more than alcoholics with cirrhosis. Furthermore, the combined incidence of cirrhosis and pancreatitis was not infrequent. Our observations do not disprove that a high fat and/or protein diet predispose to pancreatitis but suggest that such a diet is not a prerequisite for alcoholics to develop pancreatitis. PMID- 7355843 TI - Decreased formation of porstaglandins derived from arachidonic acid by dietary linolenate in rats. AB - Accumulated evidence now suggests that availability of precursor acid is an important factor controlling the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PG's). Since linolenic acid inhibits the conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid (PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and thromboxane A2 precursor), rats receiving more linolenic acid are expected to have less arachidonic acid and thus less PG's synthesized from arachidonic acid than those receiving linoleic acid alone. Essential fatty acid-deficient rats, induced by feeding hydrogenated coconut oil diet for 15 weeks, were divided into six groups and fed graded amounts of purified methyl linolenate for 6 weeks. Each group of rats except essential fatty acid-deficient group received the same amount of linoleate. The results showed that the level of arachidonic acid in serum lipids and serum concentrations of PG's synthesized from arachidonic acid by platelets decreased as the amount of dietary linolenate increased. This indicated that biosynthesis of PG's in platelets can be influenced by the availability of precursors, and thus it can be modified by the manipulation of dietary fatty acids. PMID- 7355842 TI - Composition of lymph chylomicrons from proximal or distal rat small intestine. AB - The composition of lymph chylomicrons secreted by rat proximal and distal small intestine were compared during constant perfusion of a lecithin-stabilized tri (1 14C) oleoyl glycerol emulsion, in pairs of unanesthesized rats with mesenteric lymph fistulas. By the 6th hr of infusion when 14C-triglyceride output was constant, the distal intestine secreted 33% less chylomicron phospholipid. Distal chylomicrons were larger and had higher triglyceride:phospholipid and higher apoprotein:phospholipid ratios than chylomicrons secreted by proximal intestine. The major apoprotein classes--apoB, apoA-I, apoE(= ARP), and C peptides--were present in both groups of chylomicrons, but in different proportions. Distal chylomicrons contained less apoA-I and more C peptides, with an increase in apoC III3, and a decrease in apoC-III0, compared with proximal chylomicrons. The present study suggests that the distal intestine is defective in the utilization of phospholipid from the intestinal lumen for chylomicron phospholipid synthesis. Whether the observed changes in the size and phospholipid or apoprotein content of distal chylomicrons affect their system metabolism is presently not known. PMID- 7355846 TI - Immune responses to measles and smallpox vaccinations in malnourished children. AB - Children with different levels of nutritional status were studied to determine their immune response to, and complications from, immunization with live measles vaccine and lyophilized smallpox vaccine. Two hundred forty-one children between the ages of 5 months and 9 years were examined to assess their nutritional status at the time of immunization. Sero-conversion was defined as a hemagglutination inhibition titer to measles virus, of greater than or equal to 1:20 6 to 8 weeks after vaccination in initially sero-negative children. Of 111 initially sero negative children 94% had an adequate immune response, shown by sero-conversion. Of 193 children without a smallpox vaccinationscar 97% were successfully immunized against smallpox. These rates of immune response were independent of age, sex, and nutritional status of the children. The geometric mean titer rise to measles immunization of groups, whose nutritional status was normal (greater than 90% of median weight for age), mildly (75 to 90%), moderately (60 to 75%), or severely (less than 60%) malnourished were 7.5, 8.8, 7.9, and 7.9, respectively. Malnutrition did not affect the children's ability to develop adequate immune response to measles of smallpox vaccine, and there were no major complications during the 8-week period of follow-up. Since measles is a very severe disease, which in malnourished children can carry a case fatality rate as high as 50%, malnutrition should be a prime indication for measles immunization, and certainly not a contraindication. PMID- 7355844 TI - The effects of dietary trans, trans methyl octadecadienoate acid on composition and fatty acids of rat heart. PMID- 7355845 TI - Effect of vitamin E supplementation on leukocyte function. AB - The effect of megadoses of vitamin E was studied in 13 adult males and five young boys. Three hundred milligrams of vitamin E as dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, given daily for a period of 3 weeks produced a significant depression in the bactericidal activity of the leukocyte and the mitogen induced lymphocyte transformation. The delayed hypersensitivity of the skin to phytohemagglutinin was, however, not affected by the supplementation. The implication of the study and the discrepancy between the in vitro and the in vivo results of the cell mediated immunity are discussed. PMID- 7355850 TI - An ecological interdependence of diet and disease? A study of infection in one tribe consuming two different diets. AB - The nature and incidence of infections were studied in two groups of Turkana living in the same area but eating different diets; one consumed milk only and the other a combination of fish and milk. The only apparent and significant nutritional difference between the two groups was mild iron deficiency in the milk drinkers. Episodes of fever, symptomatic infection with malaria and brucellosis, molluscum contagiosum and common warts, episodes of diarrhea, and serological evidence of infection with Entamoeba histolytica were significantly increased in Turkana eating fish. We suggest that this phenomenon may result from a disruption of a long-standing ecological compromise between the all-milk diet of the Turkana and the pathogenic organisms. PMID- 7355848 TI - Selected blood components and urinary B vitamins as related to age and sex of black population in Southwest Mississippi. PMID- 7355851 TI - Food habits and nutritional status of agricultural migrant workers in Southern Brazil. AB - A new class of migrant workers, commonly known as "Boia-Frias", is rapidly growing in the periurban slumbs (favelas) of Brazil. In 1978 a collaborative study was undertaken to assess the food habits and nutritional status of 100 migrant worker families of Vila Recreio, a typical Boia-Fria settlement near Ribeirao Preto in the state of Sao Paulo. The findings of this survey revealed that the traditional diet of Boia-Frias is nutritionally inadequate both in quality and quantity. Their rice and bean-based diet lacks sufficient variety because of the infrequent use of fresh fruits and vegetables, which are available locally, and of supplemental amounts of protein-rich foods of animal origin. Empty-calorie foods such as carbonated drinks and alcoholic beverages are consumed freely; and starchy foods, traditionally used in the North and Northeast of Brazil, are used commonly as weaning foods. Although dietary practices of pregnant and lactating women are poor, breast-feeding is still practiced by most mothers. The biochemical analysis of blood samples did not indicate major subclinical deficiencies except low hematological values and low plasma vitamin A concentrations in about 25% of the population examined. Plasma cholesterol and plasma vitamin E values were found to be normal. However, anthropometric examinations revealed clear signs of malnutrition and/or undernourishment, which likely impairs their capacity for physical work and adversely affects their overall health. PMID- 7355849 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of arm circumference indicators in identifying malnourished children. AB - Arm circumference indicators of nutritional status such as simple arm circumference, arm circumference-for-age and arm circumference-for-height have advantages for field use because of their simplicity and low cost. However, these indicators need to be evaluated in terms of their ability to identify children who are manourished by more accepted criteria such as weight-for-age and weight for-height. This study used sensitivity-specificity analysis to evaluate arm circumference indicators in 3838 children 1 to 4 years of age in a rural area of El Salvador. It was found that simple arm circumference gave sensitivity specificity results similar to arm circumference-for-age and generally better than arm circumference-for-height in identifying children with low weight-for age. The three arm circumference indicators gave similar sensitivity-specificity results in identifying children with low weight-for-height. Linear correlations of the arm circumference indicators with weight-for-age and weight-for-height gave results which correspond to the results of sensitivity-specificity analysis, but the information obtained from correlations to was less useful in evaluating the adequacy of the individual arm circumference indicators for screening purposes. Sensitivity-specificity analysis is proposed as useful method for evaluating indicators for use in nutritional surveys and for screening for malnutrition. PMID- 7355852 TI - Determinants of growth among poor children. I. Food and nutrient intakes. AB - One hundred sixty-seven poor families living in Lima had yearly anthropometric and socioeconomic evaluations for up to 16 years. In 26 of these a 7-day individually-weighed food survey was carried out in 1972 to 1974, immediately following a national food consumption survey. Adult males were markedly under represented in the survey and probably to a lesser degree in the national one. Mean daily intakes of energy (1975 +/- 498 kcal), total protein (41.1 +/- 12.1 g), and animal protein (14.4 +/- 8.1 g) fell between those of the first and second economic deciles of the city in the national survey, which is where mean incomes were estimated to be. Intakes of the few adult males were approximately 50% higher than the family means, those of adult females approximately 12% lower. Nutrient intakes of the few infants in the survey were markedly different from those of the 2- to 19-year-old children, being heavily dependent on cow milk. There were no significant differences in intake between boys and girls. Children over 2 years of age derived almost 50% of energy and protein from cereals (notably wheat and rice), 11.2% of energy from sugar, 4.3% of energy and 11% of protein for legumes, 4.4% of energy and 14.7% of protein from meat, and 13% of energy from separated fats. Total fat represented 21.8% of energy in their diet. These sources of energy and protein were very similar to those found in the lowest two deciles of the national survey from Lima. PMID- 7355853 TI - The energetic joule revisisted. PMID- 7355855 TI - Variability of results of lymphocyte transformation assays in normal human volunteers. Responses of mononuclear leukocytes to mitogen stimulation. AB - Human mononuclear leukocyte transformation responses were tested in a microassay system using measurement of tritiated thymidine incorporation stimulated by different mitogens. A wide range of results was found using cells isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque separation of blood from normal volunteer donors. Considerable variation was seen in the responses of different individuals tested concurrently, and in the responses of single individuals tested sequentially. Wide variation in responses existed even when dose-response curves were produced. There was little variation in the cell concentrations or mitogen concentrations that produced optimal responses in this assay. Caution in comparing responses of mononuclear leukocytes obtained at different venipunctures is advised. PMID- 7355854 TI - Prolymphocytic leukemia. An ultrastructural study. AB - The ultrastructural features of the leukemic cells from three patients with prolymphocytic leukemia were examined. In all patients, the prolymphocytes were characterized by a single prominent nucleolus and a chromatin structure intermediate between that of a mature lymphocyte and a lymphoblast. The cytoplasm contained a few short segments of rough endoplasmic reticulum and a poorly developed Golgi apparatus. Polyribosomes and lysosomes were scarce. These ultrastructural features help in distinguishing prolymphocytic leukemia from other malignant lymphoproliferative disorders. A unique feature of the leukemic cells from one patient was the presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions. These were concentrated in the region of the Golgi zone, were surrounded by a smooth, trilaminar membrane, and had a substructure of parallel lines with a periodicity of approximately 60 A. To the authors' knowledge, similar inclusions have not been previously described in prolymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 7355856 TI - An automated blood smear analysis system. Clinical experience and performance. AB - A detailed clinical evaluation of the diff3 system for examining peripheral blood smears was performed over a six-month period in a service hematology laboratory in a large teaching hospital. The diff3 automatically classifies 11 categories of nucleated cells; qualitatively evaluates erythrocyte size, shape, and color; estimates platelet and leukocyte count; and generates a quantitative estimate of platelet number. The analyzer contains a system for signaling abnormal or suspicious slides for technologist review. As many as 14 slides can be processed in sequence without operator attendance. Throughput averages 33 slides/hour in no review mode. The analyzer produced similar in-run and day-to-day precision when examining a wide variety of blood smears. Morphologic evaluation of nucleated and non-nucleated blood cells correlated with that of technologists. The diff3's normal range compared closely with that obtained by senior technologists examining conventional smears. Band counts, while somewhat higher, did not lead to judgement errors in left-shift direction. The diff3's sensitivity to recognizing abnormal smears was virtually identical to that of technologists with a false-positive level only slightly greater than theirs; diff3's false negatives were equal in frequency to those experienced by technologists. PMID- 7355857 TI - Lymphocyte transformation and radioallergosorbent tests in drug hypersensitivity. AB - An in-vitro lymphocyte transformation test was performed on 252 patients, some of whom were suspected to have hypersensitivities to antibiotics, aspirin, methyldopa, allopurinol, or halothane. Overall, the proportion of patients with clinically documented drug reactions who had positive tests was higher than the corresponding proportion of patients without such reactions. When results from individual drugs were compared, however, significant differences were found only with respect to antibiotics and aspirin. Extent of lymphocytic transformation did not correlate with severity or form of hypersensitivity. A radioallergosorbent test for penicillin-binding IgG and IgE was done on plasmas of 63 patients whose lymphocytes were tested against penicillin in the lymphocytic transformation test. The radioallergosorbent test and the lymphocyte transformation test results did not correlate, but levels of penicillin-binding IgG and IgE showed significant correlation. A greater number of patients with clinical hypersensitivity to penicillin had positive results by both the lymphocyte transformation test and the radioallergosorbent test than by either test alone. The clinical relevances of these tests are discussed. PMID- 7355858 TI - Analytic precision in clinical chemistry and medical decisions. AB - A study was undertaken to answer the question: how precise do measurements in clinical chemistry have to be to contribute positively to patient treatment. Sixty-three senior specialists in internal medicine, working in university and teaching hospitals, were interviewed on a number of subjects related to medical decision-making. Hospital laboratories tested samples of quality-control sera to obtain information about intra- and interlaboratory variability. Data for normal range values were reported by laboratories. The tests evaluated in this study were: sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, urea, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol, total protein, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and hemoglobin. Three criteria were applied to test whether analytic precision met present medical needs: (1) the difference between normal range limits and action levels (a value prompting the clinician to action, e.g., repeated or additional testing, in the outpatient situation; (2) a medically significant change in a patient's condition, assuming an initial value in the near-abnormal range; (3) clinicians' feeling of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with laboratory performance. Except for calcium, median analytic precisions of laboratories participating in the study were adequate to record a change in the condition of a patient with a value in the near-abnormal range (second criterion). In order to distinguish the individual with a disease from the normal population, more tests need improvement: calcium, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and hemoglobin (first criterion). This finding largely agrees with physicians' satisfaction or dissatisfaciton (third criterion). PMID- 7355860 TI - Current status of practice and training in cytology. II: a survey of cytology training in pathology training programs. PMID- 7355859 TI - Current status of practice and training in cytology. I: a survey of the practice of cytology in anatomic pathology laboratories. PMID- 7355861 TI - A distinctive perivenular hepatic lesion associated with heart failure. AB - Hepatic morphologic changes in seven patients in heart failure who were initially thought to have hepatitis are reported. In each instance, percutaneous liver biopsy or post mortem tissue examination disclosed a striking lesion involving all perivenular areas, with replacement of hepatocytes by erythrocytes. Four patients were in pure left-heart failure, while three were in biventricular failure. Upon treatment of the heart failure, the conditions of all patients improved clinically, and liver-function tests returned to normal or near normal. In two patients who later had refractory heart failure and died, there was no evidence of hepatic-vein thrombosis or occlusion post-mortem. A hypothesis is offered for the pathogenesis of this lesion, and its clinico-pathologic differential is discussed. PMID- 7355862 TI - A pitfall in hemoglobin electrophoresis. Artefactual minor unstable hemoglobin results from improper specimen handling. AB - Blood specimens are commonly mailed for the purpose of hemoglobin studies, such as identification of abnormal hemoglobins and measurement of hemoglobins A2 and F. In a period of a few months, the author examined eight specimens sent from a referring laboratory, in which cellulose acetate electrophoresis (p H 8.6) revealed a discrete minor band in a position approximately midway between the positions of hemoglobins A and S. For each specimen, tests for hemoglobin instability were positive. In one specimen, marked methemoglobinemia and sulfhemoglobinemia were also demonstrated. Further studies of fresh specimens obtained from the same subjects failed to demonstrate any hemoglobinopathy. The abnormal band in the original eight specimens was an artefact resulting from improper specimen handling--that is, unduly long transit times without refrigeration. The aftefactual band had electrophoretic mobility identical to that of methemoglobin derived from hemoglobin A. PMID- 7355863 TI - Significance of a sixth lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme (LDH6). AB - An unusual band on the cathodic side of the membrane was found on lactate dehydrogenase electrophoresis of blood specimens from 18 patients. Fifteen patients died shortly after the finding. No specific cause was found for the unique band, but most of the patients had arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease with acute passive hyperemia of the liver, and prerenal azotemia. PMID- 7355864 TI - Serum gentamicin assay by a radiometric procedure. AB - A new radiometric (BACTEC) microbiologic procedure, using a 14C-urea substrate and a Proteus species culture, was compared with three microbiologic assays and a radioimmunoassay (RIA) method for determination of gentamicin levels in serum. The non-radiometric microbiologic assays did not differ significantly from the RIA assay, but the BACTEC method showed significant differences with specimens containing greater than 4 microgram/ml gentamicin. Overall, the BACTEC assay was found to be simple to run, fast and reproducible. At concentrations of gentamicin less than 4 microgram/ml, it was just as accurate as were the microbiologic assays. However, at concentrations greater than 4 microgram/ml, the BACTEC assay read consistently less than RIA and the other assays. Because of the BACTEC assay's high cost per single test, it cannot approach the utility of the rapid, easy, reliable, and comparatively inexpensive microbiologic assays. The BACTEC assay is, however, a useful alternative to the RIA method in laboratories that already have radiometric equipment and in which batching of serum samples for gentamicin assay is necessary. PMID- 7355865 TI - Problems in paternity testing. Subtypes of AB. AB - Paternity test results demonstrated that a child of type A1 has a mother who types as an A2B; the putative father is type O. According to the recent AMA-ABA joint report, these results prove nonpaternity. All other erythrocytic and HLA typing indicated a high probability that the putative father was the biologic father. Since the expression of the A1 gene may be weakened on the erythrocytes of a type AB person, the possibility that the mother carried an A1 gene was considered. Review of published data reveals that in black persons there appears to be an excess of type A2B and a deficiency of type A1B compared with the numbers expected from gene frequencies. It is possible that as many as one of five black persons with A1 and B genes has an A2B phenotype. PMID- 7355866 TI - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver. Report of three cases and review of the literature. AB - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver is characterized grossly by diffusely nodular liver resembling micronodular cirrhosis. Viewed microscopically, the nodules consist of regenerative parenchyma without fibrosis, which are usually smaller than the hepatic lobule. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia is distinct from other nodular lesions of the liver such as cirrhosis, partial nodular transformation, focal nodular hyperplasia, and adenoma. Although nodular regenerative hyperplasia is seldom reported, it may occur more frequently than it is recognized. PMID- 7355867 TI - Epidermoid cyst of the ovary. A report of three cases with comments on histogenesis. AB - Three cases of epidermoid cyst of the ovary are presented. In each case small epithelial nests were found in the wall of the cyst, which, on serial section, proved to be focally cystic with mucin and keratin debris in their lumens. A comparative study of these epithelial nests, Walthard nests, and the epithelial components of a Brenner tumor revealed striking morphologic similarities. The findings suggest that epidermoid cysts originate from epithelial cell nests of the type encountered in Brenner tumors. PMID- 7355868 TI - Brain heterotopia in the lungs. A rare cause of respiratory distress in the newborn. AB - This article documents the presence of multifocal, bilateral glial heterotopia in the lungs manifesting as symptomatic lung masses during the newborn period. Prior to the present report, this rare form of heterotopia was known to occur exclusively in anencephalic infants. The observed bilateral pulmonary disease had an important cystic component, clinically and radiologically similar to cystic adenomatoid malformation. Theoretically, several explanations may be elaborated to account for the presence of central nervous tissue in the lungs: embolic events; protrusion of embryonic brain structures that are subsequently dislodged from their normal site; in-situ transformation of local developing tissues; and teratoma with predominance of neural tissue. The evidence is insufficient to conclude in favor of any of these explanations. PMID- 7355869 TI - Comparison of the diagnostic values of pleural biopsies and cytologic evaluation of pleural fluids. PMID- 7355870 TI - Diagnostic value of granuloma with fibrinoid ring. PMID- 7355871 TI - High-density lipoprotein cholesterol--significant bias between methods. PMID- 7355872 TI - Stainable iron in bone marrow. PMID- 7355873 TI - Qualitative platelet dysfunction. PMID- 7355874 TI - A semiautomated instrument for the activated coagulation time (ACT) PMID- 7355875 TI - Deoxyribonuclease activity of enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 7355876 TI - An evaluation of the SAG-1 assay for determination of gentamicin levels. PMID- 7355877 TI - Research trends in the American Journal of Epidemiology. PMID- 7355879 TI - A time-series comparison of cancer mortality rates in the New Jersey-New York Philadelphia metropolitan region and the remainder of the United States, 1950- 1969. AB - Cancer mortality trends from 1950 to 1968 were studied for the New Jersey-New York-Philadelphia metropolitan region and the remainder of the United States for 65 age- sex- and race-standardized causes. Usuing total population, age-adjusted rates for the years 1950--1954, 1955--1959, 1960--1964 and 1965--1969, the findings show a strong tendency for the region and the remainder of the nation to be moving toward similar mortality patterns. White and nonwhite male rates in the remainder of the nation are rapidly catching up to the study region's rates. Female rates are converging, although less rapidly. PMID- 7355878 TI - Studies of blood pressure in schoolchildren (ages 6--19) and their parents in an integrated suburban school district. AB - Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), along with demographic and anthropometric variables were assessed in a biracial group of schoolchildren and parents in an integrated suburban school district: 682 schoolchildren, ages 6--19, including 268 white males, 236 white females, 85 black males and 93 black females; 362 adults, ages 20--64, including 142 white males, 159 white females, 20 black males and 41 black females. There were no significant black-white SBP or DBP differences in children, while SBP and DBP were higher in adult blacks than whites. Using multiple regression analysis, with BP as the dependent variable, SBP in children was significantly associated with pulse, weight, skinfold thickness, age and height; DBP was significantly associated with age, pulse, weight, and skinfold thickness. Race, sex, and education of the head of household did not significantly enter the multiple regression matrix for children's BP. Respectively, 29% and 22% of the variance of the children's SBP and DBP was accounted for by the measured variables. In adults, SBP was significantly related to weight, race, pulse, and age; DBP was significantly related to weight, race, age, and skinfold thickness. Respectively, 27% and 24% of the variance of the adults' SBP and DBP was accounted for by the measured variables. Covariance adjusted mean SBP and DBP were higher in hypertriglyceridemic than in hypotriglyceridemic children (p = 0.001), and were lower in hyperalpha-lipoproteinemic than hypoalpha-lipoproteinemic children (p less than or equal to 0.03). Children in an integrated school district may have shared behaviors, goals, and environments contributing to shared BP, while differing environmental factors may become amplified with age and life experience and contribute to higher BP in black adults. PMID- 7355880 TI - The effect of migration on comparison of disease rates in geographic studies in the United States. AB - Cancer rates are often compared between counties or other geographic units as a method of testing for risk from environmental exposures. Migration between geographic areas greatly reduces the sensitivity of this method. Under simplifying assumptions the quantitative effect of migration on risk estimates is shown using migration and cancer incidence data for the United States. For example, 40--50% of the relative excess risk, defined as the relative risk minus one, is not reflected in the estimated risk for most cancers, when rates are compared between exposed and unexposed counties and migration has taken place during a 30-year latent period. More extreme losses of sensitivity also occur. Under the simplifying assumptions, the quantitative effect of migration on risk estimates is shown as a function of cancer site, latent period, and the type of geographic units for which rates are calculated--states, counties, or places. Also discussed are some implications of these findings for geographically-based studies and additional data needs for assessing the effect of migration. PMID- 7355881 TI - Sinonasal cancer and occupation: a case-control study. AB - In reviews of malignancy and occupation, cancer of the nose and paranasal sinuses (sinonasal cancer (SNC) is frequently mentioned. In a case-control study of SNC among subjects who died in Connecticut in the period 1935--1975, occupations from death certificates and city directories were compared to job titles taken from previous literature. The results do not support an association of the cancer with nickel (odds ratio = 0.7, 95% confidence limits (CL): 0.4, 1.5) but do support an association with cutting oils (odds ratio = 2.8, 95% CL: 1.4, 5.7) and wood dust (odds ratio = 4.0, 95% CL: 1.5, 10.8). Actual exposure to these agents was not documented, but the results were consistent with other features of the study and with previous literature. In a search for other occupational correlates, SNC was also found to be positively associated with cutters and with construction workers. PMID- 7355882 TI - Follow-up studies of world war II and Korean conflict prisoners. III. Mortality to January 1, 1976. AB - Mortality through 1975 in US Army veterans released from prisoner-of-war camps following World War II (Europe, Pacific) and the Korean conflict and in several non-prisoner groups is compared using death rates and standard mortality ratios. The World War II Pacific and Korean conflict experience reveal increased risk of dying among former prisoners which, though diminishing with time, persist for 9 and 13 years, respectively. Mortality from tuberculosis and from trauma contributes to the increase among Pacific ex-prisoners, while for Korea the increase is limited to trauma. An excess of deaths due to cirrhosis of the liver in all three former prisoner groups appeared from about the 10th follow-up year. While the reported mortality experience for World War II spans 30 calendar years and for Korea 22 years, no evidence of increased aging among former prisoners of war is seen in mortality from the chronic and degenerative diseases. PMID- 7355883 TI - Evaluation of a diet history questionnaire for epidemiologic studies. AB - This study was conducted to evaluate a detailed diet history questionnaire. Diet histories obtained from 16 men were compared with food records kept by their partners for a 30-day period. Mean estimates for all 13 nutrients calculated were higher with the diet history than with food records. Positive correlation coefficients were found between estimates from the two methods for all nutrients as well as food groups and six of the 13 nutrients gave a good fit for the corresponding regression equations. The questionnaire was also evaluated by repeating it after six months on 26 case-control pairs of an ongoing diet and cancer study. High correlation coefficients were obtained for most nutrients for the controls. However, cases showed lower correlations probably due to changes in their diet. The study found that the diet history method as an estimate of dietary patterns among groups shows sufficient validity and reliability to make it a useful instrument for epidemiologic studies. PMID- 7355884 TI - The epidemiology of myopia. AB - Many people have reduced unaided vision because of myopia, a spherical error of refraction. The biological theory of myopia views myopia as the result of genetically determined characteristics of eye tissues, whereas the use-abuse theory views myopia as the result of habitual use of the eye at a near focal length, near-work. The use-abuse theory implies that myopia is preventable whereas the biological theory does not. Myopia varies over age, gender, race, ethnicity, level of education, social class and degree of urbanization. The explanation of the epidemiology of myopia in the use-abuse theory is that some types of people do more near-work than others. Using data from the Health Examination Survey of 12 to 17-year-olds conducted by the US Public Health Service from 1966--1970, this paper finds that the use-abuse theory can explain at least some of the variance of myopia and much of the socially patterned variance. This finding raises the possibility that at least some of the myopia extant in a population is preventable. PMID- 7355885 TI - Epidemic salmonellosis from cheddar cheese: surveillance and prevention. AB - On August 3, 1976, ongoing Salmonella surveillance in Colorado first detected an epidemic of Salmonella heidelberg infections that eventually totaled 339 isolates. The majority of the cases occurred between July 23 and August 12 in two widely separated cities: Denver and Pueblo. Epidemiologic investigation successively incriminated 1) recent dining at Mexican-style restaurants (p less than 0.001), 2) eating foods containing cheese in these restaurants (p = 0.029), and 3) consumption of cheddar cheese from a single shipment of a single manufacturer (p less than 0.01). The prompt investigation enabled an embargo of 2087 kg (41%) of the contaminated cheese. S. heidelberg was isolated from seven production lots of the incriminated cheese. Surveillance and the epidemiologic investigation may have resulted in prevention of 25,000 diarrheal illnesses. PMID- 7355886 TI - Suspected foodborne carbamate pesticide intoxications associated with ingestion of hydroponic cucumbers. AB - In the period April 1--15, 1977, nine residents of one Nebraska town experienced violent illnesses with short duration following ingestion of locally grown hydroponic cucumbers. Despite a thorough investigation, the etiologic agent of illness was not determined. From July 16--25, 1978, a second similar outbreak occurred in an adjacent city. Five individuals experienced illness similar to that which occurred in 1977, also following ingestion of hydroponic cucumbers grown at the same greenhouse involved in the 1977 outbreak. The carbamate insecticide, aldicarb, was detected in some cucumbers grown at the hydroponic greenhouse. The source of this chemical in the greenhouse could not be determined. PMID- 7355887 TI - General medical care in America: a generalist-specialist mix. PMID- 7355888 TI - "The sky is falling". PMID- 7355889 TI - Alcohol and mortality: the Honolulu Heart Study. AB - It has been shown previously that coronary heart disease was less likely to develop in Japanese men in Honolulu who drank alcoholic beverages than in those who abstained, and that the more they drank (up to about 60 ml/day of ethanol) the lower the risk. In this report on the same men, it is shown that the same sort of relation holds for mortality from coronary heart disease but that the reverse is true for death from cancer and from stroke. Men who drank were more likely to die from these causes than those who abstained, and the more they drank the greater the risk of death. Men who drank relatively large amounts were more likely to die from cirrhosis of the liver than other men. The resultant curve for total mortality is u-shaped, the lowest risk being for men who consumed from 1 to 10 ml/day of ethanol. Even at that low level of consumption, however, the risk of death from cancer or stroke was greater than it was for nondrinkers. In short, for this population of Japanese men, alcohol consumption appears to have some benefits and some hazards with regard to mortality, and the benefit or hazard depends on which cause of death is being considered. PMID- 7355890 TI - Severe illness with influenza B. AB - Fifteen patients with recent influenza B infection were admitted to three Dallas hospitals in the first 11 weeks of 1977. The patients' ages ranged from five to 73 years, with a median of 18 years. Most had no significant underlying disease. The spectrum of clinical illness included postinfluenzal bacterial pneumonia (three cases), other severe chest disease (two cases), hyperpyrexia and possible rhabdomyolysis in the elderly (two cases), onset of toxemia of pregnancy, thyroid dysfunction, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, neurologic disorders (two cases), and Reye's syndrome (three cases). Two patients died. Two elderly men with high fever and weakness entered the hospital within three days of illness and two of three patients with Reye's syndrome were admitted four days after the onset of influenza, but the 11 other patients gave a history of seven to 31 days of symptoms before being hospitalized. Morbidity and mortality with influenza B are neither trivial nor restricted to debilitated hosts. PMID- 7355891 TI - Right and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Assessment by first-pass radionuclide angiography. AB - To evaluate the relationship between right and left ventricular function in patients with obstructive lund disease, we studied 10 normal subjects (group 1) and 37 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by first pass radionuclide angiography. These 37 patients were divided into three groups: nine with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (group 2), 20 with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (group 3) and eight with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and primary left ventricular disease (group 4). In each subject right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and ejection fraction during first third of systole (first third LVEF) were calculated. (For table: see text.) p less than 0.05 versus 1. All subjects in group 2 had normal left ventricular and right ventricular function. In group 3, 11 of 10 (55 per cent) had a low RVEF and three of 20 (15 per cent) a low LVEF. However eight of 20 in this group (40 per cent) had a depressed first-third LVEF. The correlation between decline in RVEF and first-third LVEF was good r = 0.73. We conclude that (1) certain indices of early systolic left ventricular ejection are abnormal in many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and correlate with the decline in right ventricular function; (2) this is not seen in patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is worse in patients with underlying left-sided heart disease. PMID- 7355892 TI - Deaths from nosocomial infections: experience in a university hospital and a community hospital. AB - To assess the importance of nosocomial infections as a contributory cause of death in patients who die in the hospital, we studied the hospital course of 100 consecutive patients who died at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center and 100 consecutive patients who died at Hackensack Hospital. The epidemiologic patterns of infection were similar although the institutions provide care for different types of patients. There were 88 nosocomial infections in 63 patients. When the nosocomial infection was causally related or contributed to death, infection of the lower respiratory tract was predominant in 31 of 52 (60 per cent) instances. When the nosocomial infection was unrelated to death, urinary tract infection was predominant in 13 of 36 (36 per cent) infections. Among those who died with nosocomial infection, 42 of 63 (67 per cent) patients were terminal on admission and were typically in their 60's with metastatic carcinoma. The 21 patients who were not terminal on admission were typically in their late 70's and had complications of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Pneumonia was the most frequent nosocomial infection related to death. There is need to devise a pneumonia prevention program that identifies those at high risk and reduces the chance of aspiration of pharyngeal secretions and spread of virulent bacteria from person to person. PMID- 7355893 TI - On the various forms of corticosteroid withdrawal syndrome. AB - Five patients who had received corticosteroids for periods of years experienced steroid withdrawal symptoms when attempts were made to reduce or discontinue the drugs. Summarized herein are studies of hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) function in these five people during corticosteroid withdrawal. Analysis of these data and of data in previous reports discloses four subgroups of corticosteroid withdrawal syndrome: Type I, symptomatic and biochemical evidence of HPA suppression; type II, recrudescence of the disease for which the drug was originally described; type III, dependence upon corticosteroids, either physical or psychological, with demonstrably normal HPA function and no recrudescence of underlying disease; and type IV, biochemical evidence of HPA suppression without symptoms and without recurrence of underlying disease. Any combination of types I, II and III may exist. The major conclusions are these five. (1) Some syndromes that clinically suggest HPA suppression are not. (2) Some syndromes that resemble drug-dependence are not. (3) The rapid ACTH test is a clinically useful way to assess HPA function; this test should govern the rate of corticosteroid withdrawal in the absence of steroid-treatable disease. (4) If disease is present, the rate and degree of corticosteroid withdrawal are governed by the status of the disease. (5) Patients have an unpredictable tendency to abuse corticosteroids; physicians should guard against inattentively permitting long term, unnecessary overdosage to continue. PMID- 7355894 TI - Alteration of pulmonary function in intravenous drug abusers. Prevalence, severity, and characterization of gas exchange abnormalities. AB - We examined the influence of chronic intravenous drug abuse on respiratory function in 512 consecutive drug addicts by obtaining respiratory histories, pulmonary function tests and chest roentgenograms. Two hundred and fourteen (42 per cent) had carbon monoxide-diffusing capacities (DLCO) of less than 75 per cent predicted (mean 65.7 per cent), and in 38 per cent reduced DLCO was the sole pulmonary function test abnormality. Obstructive lung disease attributed to asthma or chronic bronchitis was observed in 6 per cent and a restrictive defect due to interstitial lung disease was observed in 7 per cent. Exercise limitation due to dyspnea among those patients with altered pulmonary function was uncommon except in those with obstructive or restrictive lung disease. Roentgenographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension was not observed in any of the patients. Gas exchange measured at rest and during exercise in 11 patients with a low DLCO and in three patients with restrictive lung disease and a low DLCO revealed an increased alveolar-arterial oxygen difference but normal minute ventilation, dead space-to-tidal volume ratio and absence of abnormal right-to-left shunts. We conclude that alterations in pulmonary function in drug addicts due to foreign particle emboli are very common but that significant respiratory symptoms are unusual and that abnormalities in gas exchange during exercise are mild. PMID- 7355895 TI - Neutrophil marrow in chronic benign idiopathic neutropenia. AB - Quantitative studies of neutrophil marrow were carried out in 10 patients with chronic neutropenia (60 to 1,970 cells/microliter) with no other abnormalities and no serious infections. Neutrophil marrow cellularity was determined from neutrophil-normoblast ratios in marrow sections and ferrokinetic estimation of normoblasts. The results were interpreted in the light of 95 per cent confidence limits previously observed in 13 normal volunteer subjects. Three distinct neutrophil marrow profiles were determined by the numbers of promyelocytes and myelocytes and of segmented marrow cells. Tentative kinetic interpretation was based on the expectation that the physiologic marrow response to removal of neutrophils from circulation would produce an increase in promyelocytes and myelocytes due to influx and proliferation, and a decrease in marrow segmented cells due to accelerated release. In two patients increased segmented marrow cells were consistent with an abnormality of release. Decreased numbers of promyelocytes and myelocytes in three patients was consistent with decreased proliferation. In five patients basal numbers of promyelocytes and myelocytes suggested abnormal proliferation or abnormal regulation of myelopoiesis. The number of metamyelocytes and band forms relative to promyelocytes and myelocytes was normal in all 10 patients: none had evidence of cell loss during postmitotic maturation. The term "chronic benign idiopathic neutropenia" appears to embrace more than one mechanism for neutropenia. All 10 patients had evidence of abnormal neutrophil marrow function. PMID- 7355896 TI - The problem of "protopathic bias" in case-control studies. AB - Among the many sources of bias that can affect the results of case-control research, protopathic bias occurs when a pharmaceutical agent is inadvertently prescribed for an early manifestation of a disease that has not yet been diagnostically detected. In a case-control study of estrogens and endometrial cancer, approximately 10 per cent of the patients exposed to estrogens specifically stated that oral estrogens had been prescribed by their physician to treat an episode of uterine bleeding. This result was consistent with another study in which seven of 23 estrogen users were given the medication for the treatment of uterine bleeding before the diagnosis of cancer was made. Protopathic bias, which may account for much of the allegedly protective effect of oral contraceptives on the development of benign breast disease, can also occur in studies of aspirin and myocardial infarction, sex steroids and birth defects, and bronchodilators and death from asthma. This empiric demonstration of protopathic bias helps to indicate the need for careful precautions against its effects. PMID- 7355897 TI - Venous thrombosis and splenic rupture in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. AB - A patient with an 11 year history of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria presented with severe abdominal pain. On admission, the hematocrit value was 30 per cent and unchanged from repeated measurements during the previous three years. Abdominal angiography identified extensive thromboses of the splenic and portal venous systems. After initial improvement on heparin therapy, the patient experienced additional abdominal crises. A ruptured and multifragmented spleen was removed at the time of exploratory laparotomy. Postoperatively, after a several days' interval of improvement, the patient experienced additional thrombotic episodes of the abdomen, upper extremities and cerebral cortex. The latter was associated with disabling nerve paralysis. With continuous intravenous heparin plus steroid therapy, the patient's condition improved progressively. Despite the numerous thrombotic episodes during the prolonged hospital course, no hemolytic episodes were observed. This is the first report of documented splenic rupture in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. PMID- 7355898 TI - Spontaneous increase in erythropoietin and hematocrit value associated with transient liver enzyme abnormalities in an anephric patient undergoing hemodialysis. AB - An anephric patient undergoing hemodialysis experienced an increase in his hematocrit value (19 +/- 1 per cent to 31 +/- 1 per cent) as a result of increased erythropoiesis (reticulocyte count 1.8 per cent to 7.4 per cent). This increase occurred in concert with an elevation of the patient's liver enzyme levels and was maintained for four months. The hematocrit value returned to its base line only after the liver function tests showed improvement. During the period when the hematocrit value was increasing, the circulating level of erythropoietin was elavated to 71.0 mU/ml--a level higher than that seen in either anephric or nephric patients undergoing dialysis. When the hematocrit value and liver enzyme levels had returned to their base line values, the erythropoietin level was 4.3 mU/ml--a level in the range seen in anephric patients undergoing dialysis. The observations in this patient suggest that under certain circumstances, the liver can produce erythropoietin in the anephric patient; and, more importantly, that the bone marrow of at least some uremic patients is capable of responding to the endogenous erythropoietin. PMID- 7355899 TI - Diffuse intrapulmonary hemorrhage, renal failure and a systemic vasculitis. A case report and review of the literature. AB - A 63 year old women was hospitalized with massive hemoptysis, anemia and renal failure. Despite intensive supportive care, she died soon after admission. Autopsy revealed diffuse necrotizing alveolitis, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and a systemic vasculitis. Massive intrapulmonary hemorrhage with hemoptysis is an unusual complication of a systemic vasculitis. The case is discussed and the literature reviewed. PMID- 7355900 TI - A program for in-house proficiency testing in clinical microbiology. AB - A design for an in-house blind proficiency testing program in clinical microbiology has been developed using a multi-level approach to proficiency testing, with progressive levels of organism identification difficulty. Flexibility of design allows the program to be used in any laboratory by starting the program at the appropriate level of difficulty. The necessary steps to initiate a similar testing program are detailed and benefits of the program are analyzed. PMID- 7355901 TI - Tetracycline-a case of hemolysis. PMID- 7355902 TI - Comments of the American Society for Medical Technology on the notice of proposed rulemaking clinical laboratories; personnel standards. PMID- 7355903 TI - A perspective on the development of regulatory policy regarding personnel standards, quality control, and proficiency testing for clinical laboratories. PMID- 7355904 TI - Microbiology problem. PMID- 7355905 TI - Hematology problem. PMID- 7355906 TI - A model career ladder approach to medical technology education. AB - The medical technology program at the University of Vermont was modified in 1972 to create a 2 + 2 integrated curriculum with specialty options progressing that associate degree to baccalaureate degree. This design allows the fundamentals acquired in the associate degree curriculum of the medical laboratory technician (MLT) to serve as a practical and theoretical foundation that can be expanded upon in the baccalaureate degree curriculum of the medical technologist (MT). Options in the baccalaureate degree curriculum are generalist, specialist in clinical chemistry, in hematology, and in clinical microbiology. The design of this program provides a response to the changing role of the clinical laboratory practitioner. PMID- 7355907 TI - Contributions of the caregiving environment to increased lead burden of children. AB - Two groups of children, 12 to 30 months (n = 14) and 31 to 78 months of age (n = 12), showing increased lead burden were compared to a sample of children matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status but showing no evidence of increased lead burden. All children were screened at a local county health department because of suspected lead exposure or as part of the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Program. The quality of the caregiving environment was assessed using the HOME Inventory. A measure of maternal intelligence was also obtained. For the younger children, significant deficits in maternal IQ and quality of the caregiving environment were associated with increased lead burden. In particular, the subscales of the HOME Inventory dealing with emotional and verbal responsivity of the mother and maternal involvement with the child were significantly lower for children with increased lead burden. For the older children there was no significant association between lead burden and home environment or maternal IQ. The results suggest that intellectual deficits previously attributed to lead toxicity may be related to compromised home environment. PMID- 7355908 TI - Concepts of mental deficiency among the Tamang of Nepal. AB - The Tamang of the Kathmandu Valley have an agrarian society with little demand for literacy and schooling, yet they recognize and label mental retardation. The criteria for labeling are based partially upon insufficiency of intelligence and behavioral adaptation but primarily upon speech incompetence. There is stigma attached to the label, and it has a limiting effect upon social status and role. While the Western conception of mental deficiency is not primarily contingent upon verbal ability, speech function is a consideration in the evaluation of intelligence, as is the case in other parts of the world. In fact, verbal skill is one useful referent for future cross-cultural research on mental deficiency. PMID- 7355909 TI - Peer preferences of at-risk and normally developing children in a preschool mainstream classroom. AB - Social interactions and peer preferences in a preschool mainstream classroom containing normally developing and at-risk children were studied using the ethological method of direct observation. Data on social play and on gaze orientation indicated that normally developing children and at-risk children interacted primarily with children from the same group (other normally developing and at-risk children, respectively). Data on selection on game partner and on preference of seat neighbor, however, revealed peer preference by normally developing children only. The findings were discussed as having theoretical implications for using direct observation vs. the more traditional sociometric methods for studying social adaptation in the mainstream classroom and as having practical implications for mainstreaming at risk-preschoolers. PMID- 7355910 TI - Social milieu of a residential treatment center for severely or profoundly handicapped young children. AB - Severely or profoundly handicapped young children who lived in a residential treatment center were subjects in a modified time-sampled observation study of social behavior, state, and physical context. The study was conducted for 3 successive years. Although system-level changes in the ecology of the institution over the 3 years did not appear to affect the social-interaction indices, the developmental ages of the children were positively related to social opportunities and social behavior. PMID- 7355911 TI - Maintenance and generalization of a sorting and retrieval strategy by EMR and nonretarded individuals. AB - The ability of 47 EMR and 51 nonretarded individuals to maintain and generalize a sorting and retrieval strategy designed to facilitate recall and clustering was examined. Each of these two groups of subjects was assigned to one of three conditions: experimental, practice, or control. Only subjects in the experimental condition received strategy training. The three conditions were each further divided into two subconditions: superordinate and associative. The experimental task consisted of two phases: word elicitation and recall. The data showed that after a 6-month interval, the strategy was still maintained. Neither the far generalization data that was provided by the word-elicitation phase nor the near generalization data, obtained through the recall phase, however, revealed any significant results. PMID- 7355912 TI - Effects of auditory feedback on velocity extrapolation by mentally retarded and nonretarded groups during rotary pursuit tracking. AB - Retarded adolescents, CA-matched nonretarded adolescents, and MA-matched nonretarded children stylus-tracked an intermittently disappearing rotary pursuit target with and without auditory feedback. Under the no-feedback condition, all groups demonstrated an almost linear increase in deviation errors over five successive 2-second intervals following disappearance of the target, with the retarded group showing a greater increase than did the CA-matched and MA-matched groups. Under the feedback condition, the CA-matched group reached an asymptote of target proximity 4 seconds after the target disappeared, whereas errors for the retarded and MA-matched groups continued to increase throughout the 10-second sample period. Performance of the retarded group with no feedback was interpreted as evidence for deficient velocity extrapolation, and failure of the retarded and MA-matched groups to stabilize proximity under the feedback condition was attributed to delayed response of the feedback. PMID- 7355913 TI - Self-paced vs. externally paced motor tracking by retarded and nonretarded persons. AB - An expectancy hypothesis of the psychological refractory period (PRP) was tested as an alternative to an arousal hypothesis to explain retarded persons' longer reaction times. Retarded adolescents, CA-matched nonretarded adolescents, and MA matched nonretarded children tracked light stimuli presented under self-paced and externally paced conditions. Response latencies under both conditions were longer for the retarded and MA-matched groups, and all groups decreased latencies from the self-paced to externally paced conditions. Neither hypothesis was supported. We suggested that group differences were due to differences in the central delay effect of the PRP. PMID- 7355914 TI - Resident-care practices in the County of Somerset, England. PMID- 7355915 TI - Contrasting adaptive behavior ratings of male and female institutionalized residents across two settings. AB - Twenty-two mentally retarded male and 22 retarded female residents from a state institution in central Ohio were compared on Adaptive Behavior Scale, Part Two, ratings across two settings (cottage and classroom). A multivariate analysis of variance did not reveal an overall interaction of sex and setting nor an overall effect for sex differences. Results did indicate a significant overall effect for setting. Significant differences were found in the following domains: Rebellious Behavior, Stereotyped Behavior and Odd Mannerisms, Unacceptable Vocal Habits, Hyperactive Tendencies, and Psychological Tendencies. Higher scores (negative direction) were noted in the classroom setting. PMID- 7355916 TI - Living placement and absenteeism in community-based training programs. AB - A survey of client absenteeism in community-based training facilities was conducted. Results indicated that clients who resided with their natural parents were absent more frequently than were clients who resided in community living facilities. In addition, absenteeism was not related to level of intellectual functioning or to age. Sex differences approached significance as female clients were found to be absent more often than were male clients; however, the duration of the absences was shorter, resulting in no significant difference between sexes in total days absent. PMID- 7355917 TI - On research with the lower levels of retardation. PMID- 7355918 TI - An attempt to assess and predict adaptive behavior of institutionalized mentally retarded clients. AB - Institutionalized retarded clients (N = 142) were assessed on the Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS) within 6 months of their admission to Woodhaven Center (Philadelphia) and approximately 12 to 18 months later. While clients were found to progress significantly on 7 of the 10 domains of Part One of the ABS, no significant gains were noted on Part Two. Selected client characteristics (age of admission, sex, IQ, AAMD etiological classification) were also examined as predictors of improvement on the ABS. None of these characteristics was significantly associated with gains on the ABS. The above findings were discussed in terms of specific characteristics of the client population and with respect to limitations of the ABS itself. PMID- 7355919 TI - Dimensions underlying a hierarchically based assessment of social problem solving. AB - The dimensions underlying a procedure designed to assess nine levels of social problem-solving among EMR learners were explored in relation to IQ and MA. Principal-factor solutions followed by oblimin rotations were performed on data collected from 120 EMR children (ages 9 to 14). Results yielded three hierarchical factors, two that were moderately related to IQ and MA and one that was independent of IQ and MA. Explanation of the findings was based on a consideration of the differences between divergent and convergent production abilities. PMID- 7355920 TI - Visual probability learning of institutionalized profoundly retarded adult males. AB - Eighteen profoundly retarded men were given repeated presentations of a two choice visual discrimination using a modified Wisconsin General Test Apparatus and two probabilistic reinforcement schedules counterbalanced for order. Individuals received 240, 70:30 trials and up to as many 100:0 trials; when schedules were shifted, majority/minority (A1/A2) designations were reversed. The 100:0 results indicated preshift mean terminal rates that approached the reinforcement level and postshift rates that were inhibited by prior 70:30 training. The 70:30 results indicate learning only for those given a particular stimulus as their a1: overmatching prior to the shift that was reduced by previous 100:0 training to the matching level. Learning failures were explaiined in terms of attention to a preferred stimulus and the need for more trials, and areas for further inquiry were suggested. PMID- 7355921 TI - Progesterone-induced glycogen accumulation in human endometrium during organ culture. AB - An organ culture system was used to evaluate the response of human proliferative endometrium to progesterone stimulation. The glycogen content of proliferative tissue was increased as much as thirteenfold during organ culture in media containing progesterone. The steroid-induced increase in tissue glycogen was detectable after 16 hours and reached a maximum at 48 and 72 hours of culture. Progesterone induced a significant increase in glycogen at a media concentration of 1.6 x 10(-8)M and a maximal increase at 3.2 x 10(-7) to 3.2 x 10(-6)M. At higher media concentrations of progesterone (1.6 x 10(-5)M), glycogen levels failed to reach the maximum obtainable. The extent of the response correlated poorly with the initial glycogen content of the tissue and not at all with the initial content of high-affinity progesterone-binding sites in cytosol. Addition of estradiol-17 beta to medium (10(-10)M to 10(-7)) has no effect on the progesterone-induced increase in tissue glycogen. Delaying the addition of progesterone to the cultures for 24 hours resulted in a diminished glycogen response; the reduced response may be related to a rapid decrease in high affinity progesterone-binding sites as measured in cytosol prepared from tissues cultured in the absence of progesterone. High-affinity progesterone-binding sites in endometrial cytosol were found to decrease rapidly during the first 24 hours of culture. The addition of cycloheximide or actinomycin D to the culture media inhibited the increase in tissue glycogen caused by progesterone. These results demonstrate that progesterone can induce an in vitro response in human proliferative endometrium similar to that seen in vivo. The response of the endometrium is reproducible and allows for comparisons between grouped data obtained by using tissues from several different donors. PMID- 7355922 TI - Danazol binding and translocation of steroid receptors. AB - Danazol, an isoxazol derivative of ethinyl testosterone which suppresses gonadotropin levels and acts as a weak androgen, is shown by competition studies to bind rat androgen receptor (Ki 10(-8M) and progestin receptor (Ki 10(-7)M) but not estrogen receptor. Effective antigonadotropin doses to the rat in vivo translocate only androgen receptor to target cell nuclei; nuclear receptor levels remain elevated more than 6 hours. The same translocation occurs when rat uteri are incubated with danazol in vitro, showing that the action of danazol is direct and probably does not require metabolic conversion of the drug. PMID- 7355923 TI - Concentration of cytosolic estrogen receptors in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. AB - Although all postmenopausal women are relatively estrogen-deficient, osteoporosis develops in only some of them. This could be related to a greater-than-normal degree of postmenopausal failure in sex hormone production or to a decrease in biologic effect at target tissue sites. We compared the concentration of sex steroids in serum and the concentration of cytosolic estrogen receptors in one target tissue (obtained by biopsy of the uterine cervix) in 18 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis and in 18 age-matched postmenopausal control subjects. Serum androstenedione and estrone were not significantly lower and serum estradiol was only marginally lower in the osteoporotic patients. Estrogen receptor concentration in cervical tissue from both postmenopausal groups was not significantly different. We concluded that abnormalities of residual postmenopausal production of sex steroids and binding of sex steroids to cervical target tissue are not the major factors accounting for the decreased bone mass in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. PMID- 7355924 TI - Clinical and physiologic implications of increased fetal oxygen consumption. AB - In an effect to determine if placental diffusion reserves exceed fetal oxygen requirements we artificially increased fetal O2 consumption by infusing norepinephrine (NE) or triiodothyronine (T3) into 24 chronically catheterized fetal lambs. After 50 minutes of NE infusion, fetal O2 consumption rose 25%; after 5 days of T3 infusion, it increased 28%. In both instances there was a redistribution of organ blood flows, but placental diffusing capacity and the fetal venous and arterial blood gas values remained essentially unchanged. We concluded that both NE and T3 infusion can result in an increased rate of fetal metabolism with increased oxygen consumption and that the placental reserve for O2 diffusion exceeds normal oxygen requirements. PMID- 7355926 TI - A definition of human fetal apnea and the distribution of fetal apneic intervals during the last ten weeks of pregnancy. AB - Fetal breathing movements were studied over 24-hour observation periods for a total of 744 hours in 31 healthy pregnant women at 30 to 39 weeks' gestational age. An analysis of 165,786 breath-to-breath intervals in eight fetuses demonstrated that 97% of breath-to-breath intervals were less than 6 seconds in duration. It was concluded that a breath-to-breath interval of 6 seconds or more is a rational definition of fetal apnea during the last 10 weeks of pregnancy. An analysis of intervals during which time no fetal breathing activity occurred in the 31 fetuses demonstrated that prolonged episodes of apnea were distributed in a similar fashion at different gestational ages. The longest periods of apnea were 65 minutes at 30 to 31 weeks, 105 minutes at 34 to 35 weeks, and 120 minutes at 38 to 39 weeks. No periods of apnea of more than 45 minutes were measured during the second and third hours following maternal meals. A useful strategy for recognition of significant fetal apnea would be to make observations during the second and third hours following maternal meals when apneic lengths greater than 45 minutes were not observed in this highly selected group of normal fetuses. PMID- 7355925 TI - Hemodynamic observations in severe pre-eclampsia with a flow-directed pulmonary artery catheter. AB - Ten patients with severe pre-eclampsia were studied throughout labor and delivery and during the early puerperium with a flow-directed pulmonary artery catheter. Cardiac output was higher than previously described in normal patients. Pulmonary artery pressures were not significantly altered from the normal pregnant values. The usual increase in cardiac output occurring in the early puerperium was not observed in the patients with severe pre-eclampsia. Central venous pressure and pulmonary artery wedge pressure did not correlate in three of the nine patients studied. Left ventricular stroke work index was elevated in the patients with severe pre-eclampsia, suggesting a hyperdynamic state. The pulmonary artery catheter provided important new information in patients with severe pre-eclampsia and may be a useful clinical adjunct in patients with hemorrhage or oliguria and in patients needing a regional or general anesthetic. PMID- 7355927 TI - Fetal oxygen consumption and mechanisms of heart rate response during artificially produced late decelerations of fetal heart rate in sheep. AB - Delayed decelerations of fetal heart rate were produced by abruptly decreasing uterine blood flow to zero for 20 seconds in chronically instrumented, normoxic sheep. Fetal O2 consumption, O2 content, and O2 tension in umbilical blood decreased significantly before the decline in heart rate. Fetal arterial blood pressure did not change significantly. Complete vagal blockade abolished the late deceleration and uncovered a late acceleration, which in turn was eliminated by total beta-adrenergic blockade. We conclude that these late decelerations in normoxic sheep are vagally mediated and due to chemoreceptor rather than baroreceptor activity. PMID- 7355928 TI - Acute exercise stress in the pregnant ewe. AB - In the near-term pregnant ewe, acute treadmill exercise produced significant changes in maternal and fetal parameters only with the onset of maternal exhaustion which was unrelated to the degree or duration of maternal exercise. With exercise to exhaustion the rate of both uterine and umbilical blood flow fell but uterine and umbilical oxygen uptakes were unchanged. Although maternal lacticemia developed and fetal PO2 fell no excess lactate was produced by the uteroplacental tissues or fetus. The increase in maternal heart rate during exercise was directly related to the decrease in uterine blood flow. PMID- 7355929 TI - Plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and glycerol concentrations in the postmature rabbit. AB - Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, glycerol, and glucose concentrations were measured in term and postmature rabbits. The data show that the term and postmature mothers have significantly higher glycemia than their fetuses. However, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations are lower in the postmature mother than in her fetus. Postmature fetuses are characterized by very high plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations. The results demonstrate that postmaturity is accompanied by maternal and fetal lipid metabolic changes related to a decrease in the transfer of maternal fatty acids through the placenta and to a diminution in fetal liver glucose utilization. The postmature fetus is then in a relative state of fasting and must rely on its own supply of fuel (glycogen and lipids) to provide cells for growth and survival. The maternal metabolic changes can possibly be explained by a decreased utilization of maternal substrates by the fetus, the placenta becoming insufficient. The close interrelationship of fetal and maternal lipid metabolism with the activity of the placenta suggests that an accurate knowledge of the metabolic changes taking place in the fetus during alteration of the maternal environment is indispensable to the understanding of the short- and long-term effects of maternal disease on the fetus. PMID- 7355930 TI - In vitro palmitate and glucose metabolism in the postmature fetus. AB - Fetuses from term and postmature rabbits were obtained and their livers incubated with palmitate-1-14C in room air. The net incorporation of the fatty acids into ketone bodies, lipids, and Co2 was measured at fixed and variable concentrations of cold glucose. Data from postmature liver show that lipid synthesis is decreased, 14CO2 production is increased, and ketone body formation is unchanged when compared with data from the term liver. The addition of cold glucose to a constant concentration of palmitate-1-14C causes a slight increase in lipid synthesis in thepostmature liver, in contrast to a decrease in the term liver. The experimental results indicate that liver lipid synthesis and glucose utilization are diminished in the postmature preparation. This suggests that the postmature fetal liver responds to the decreased availability of free fatty acid from the placenta and to the increasing hypoxia by metabolic adaptations resembling those observed during fasting and tissue hypoxia. These changes are somewhat similar to those observed in the neonate before the onset of breast feeding. Fetal metabolism is, therefore, responsive to changes in placental transfer of fatty acids and to postmaturity. PMID- 7355931 TI - Stability of sex chromosome mosaicism. AB - In individuals with sex chromosome mosaicism the proportions of cell lines have been reported to change over time; however, purported changes have failed to show a consistent decrease or increase in any given cell line, normal or abnormal. We, therefore, investigated three mosaic individuals: two 45,X/46,X,i(Xq) and one 45,X/46,XX. We first initiated studies which verified that the proportion of various cell lines can be reliably (reproducibly) quantitated in lymphocytes of mosaic individuals, data which surprisingly were heretofore unavailable. Having established the ability to quantitate sex chromosome mosaicism, we initiated longitudinal studies. No significant differences in proportions of mosaic cell lines were observed in the three individuals studied over various time intervals. This stability was observed in individuals with high as well as lower proportions of 45,X cells. Further studies over longer periods and with other subjects are continuing, but our preliminary studies suggest mosaicism shows longitudinal stability, at least in adults. The practical clinical significance is that mosaicism can be reproducibly quantitated from a single lymphocyte culture, indicating that a single blood sample will generally suffice for most clinical studies. PMID- 7355932 TI - Fetal and maternal concentrations of uric acid and oxypurines during labor and post partum. AB - Concentrations of uric acid (UA) and oxypurines (OPs) were enzymatically determined in fetal scalp plasma, amniotic fluid, and maternal venous plasma simultaneously collected during oxytocin-induced labor in 19 normal term parturient patients. Values were compared with concentrations in arterial and venous cord plasma and maternal plasma drawn immediately post partum. During labor until just before delivery fetal levels of UA were significantly lower and OP concentrations were significantly higher than the corresponding maternal levels. These differences were absent when cord and maternal concentrations were compared. It is concluded that UA and OP values in cord plasma do not reflect fetal levels during labor. The cause of this discrepancy remains obscure. PMID- 7355933 TI - Severe rheumatic cardiac disease and pregnancy: the ultimate prognosis. AB - All of 134 women classified as having "functionally severe" rheumatic cardiac disease and surviving pregnancies in 1931 through 1943 have been traced to 1975. Ninety-three percent have died at the exponential rate of 6.3% per year. The women with and without pregnancies following admittance to the series were similar in respect to age at entry, ages in which they lived, and proportionate representation in all but one of five subgroups with extraordinarily high death rates in the first five years of follow-up. Analyses of the data by life tables, average annual death rates, lengths of survival, and average ages at death failed to uncover any evidence for a delayed adverse effect of pregnancy in the whole series or in any of the subgroups. Provided that the patient survives the gestation, the life expectancy is not shortened by pregnancy. PMID- 7355934 TI - Monitoring perinatal mortality rates: California, 1970 to 1976. AB - Recent developments have emphasized the need to monitor perinatal mortality statistics by small geographic areas. A method is presented which separates county-specific perinatal mortality rates into a component reflective of socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental variables, and a component that relates more directly to hospital-based intra- and postpartum care. Major differences in geographic variations were observed between the crude rate and the two components. An arbitrary index of the need for perinatal health services was created by combining the two components with the number of perinatal deaths in each county. Although there are some obvious limitations, the index serves as a useful guidepost for monitoring perinatal mortality on a statewide basis. PMID- 7355935 TI - Determinants of postpartum morbidity in laboring monitored patients: a reassessment of the bacteriology of the amniotic fluid during labor. AB - Identification of the type and concentration of bacterial organisms in the amniotic fluid (AF) during labor might allow for earlier and more effective treatment of postpartum infections. Previous studies have identified organisms typically associated with postpartum endometritis, but the relationship to intrapartum findings has been disappointing. The purpose of this prospective study was to reassess any relationships between the bacteriology of the AF during labor and the postpartum course in the high-risk, noninfected, monitored gravid patient. The intrapartum AF bacterial flora was similar in 70 patients delivered vaginally and 80 patients delivered abdominally. In patients who did not receive prophylactic antibiotics, a total AF organism count of greater than or equal to 10(4) colonies/ml and the presence of any streptococcal or Bacteroides organism, gram-negative bacillus, or Staphylococcus aureus were significantly related to postpartum morbidity. Under these conditions, cesarean section considerably increased the risk of clinical endometritis. These results suggest that semiquantitative culture of AF obtained through the intrauterine pressure catheter prior to delivery may be of value in the postpartum management of patients delivered by cesarean section. PMID- 7355936 TI - Total uterine impulse and cervical resistance at parturition. AB - Resistance to the passage of the fetus during parturition has been estimated indirectly by calculation of the active contraction area during the first stage of labor until the cervix reaches a dilatation of 5 cm--the period of cervical resistance. Parturients with a high total uterine impulse in this period were studied. Two different patterns of cervical resistance with corresponding clinical pictures were found. Type I had a high frequency of cesarean sections with a good correlation to the resistance. With high resistance there also was a tendency to low Apgar scores at 1 minute. Type II had normal 1 minute Apgar scores and only vaginal deliveries. PMID- 7355937 TI - Myometrial inhibiting activity of relaxin-containing extracts of human corpora lutea of pregnancy. AB - Relaxin is a peptide hormone secreted by the human corpus luteum of pregnancy . Aqueous extracts of relaxin-rich pregnancy corpora lutea decreased the amplitude of spontaneous human myometrial strip contractions in vitro. Relaxin-poor extracts of menstrual cycle corpora lutea did not affect contractions. Antibody precipitation of relaxin from pregnancy luteal extracts eliminated the effect on myometrial strips. Relaxin removal was confirmed by bioassay. This demonstrates an inhibiting action of human relaxin on human myometrial tissue in vitro. This action suggests a mechanism for maintaining uterine quiesence in early pregnancy. PMID- 7355938 TI - Sinusoidal fetal heart rate. I. Clinical significance. AB - Sixteen cases of SHR are analyzed with respect to perinatal outcome, fetal scalp and umbilical arterial pH, and characteristics of the FHR pattern. There were no perinatal deaths in this series. The SHR is defined and a plan for management of the patient with SHR is proposed. A theoretical explanation of the pathophysiology of SHR is presented in terms of a fetal compensatory mechanism for hypoxia, based on these observations as well as a review of the literature. Biochemical data may provide valuable information permitting optimal management of patients with SHR patterns. PMID- 7355939 TI - Sinusoidal fetal heart rate. II. Continuous tissue pH studies. AB - Two cases of SHR in labor monitored by continuous fetal tissue pH measurements are presented. Both showed onset of the pattern in the absence of fetal acidosis, a fall in TpH following the appearance of the abnormal FHR pattern, and fetal compensation with a good perinatal outcome. These patients demonstrate that the fetus may tolerate a SHR and recover from preacidosis and acidosis. Continuous pH measurement may be helpful in conservative management of patients with abnormal FHR patterns. PMID- 7355940 TI - Induction of fetal breathing by metabolic acidemia and its effect on blood flow to the respiratory muscles. AB - Sustained and vigorous fetal breathing activity was produced in a chronic fetal lamb preparation by infusion into the fetus of either NH4Cl or HCl. Over a 2 to 3 hour period, 20 to 25 mEq/kg were infused. All of the fetuses tolerated blood pH values of 6.7 to 6.8 and survived. The breathing activity began after the completion of the infusion, and consisted of regular 30 to 50 torr inspirations at a rate of 60 to 120 breaths/min. This activity was continuous for as much as 8 hours, and persisted with pauses and decreased amplitude for 24 to 36 hours. During fetal breathing, blood flow to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles increased approximately 12- and sixfold, respectively. PMID- 7355941 TI - Calcium-regulating hormones and ions in amniotic fluid. AB - Concentrations of the hormones and ions involved in calcium homeostasis were analyzed in simultaneous samples of amniotic fluid and maternal blood obtained from normal pregnant women between 14 weeks' gestation and term. Amniotic fluid total calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus levels fell progressively and markedly despite constant or only declining maternal serum levels. Ionized calcium was constant in both amniotic fluid (mean 2.22 mEq/L) and maternal serum (mean 2.33 mEq/L) throughout gestation. Parathyroid hormone levels in amniotic fluid declined after 20 weeks' gestation, despite rising maternal serum levels, consistent with suppressed fetal parathyroid activity secondary to the relative hypercalcemia of late fetal life. Calcitonin levels in both amniotic fluid and maternal serum were unchanged throughout gestation, with amniotic fluid levels being significantly lower than those in maternal serum. PMID- 7355942 TI - Amniotic fluid thyroid hormone concentrations during human gestation. AB - AFT4, AFT3, and AFrT3 concentrations were measured in samples from pregnant women between 10 and 43 weeks' gestation. During the first half of pregnancy, AFT4 and AFrT3 concentrations increased progressively, reaching peak levels at 25 to 30 and 17 to 20 weeks, respectively. AFT3 concentrations were low and increased slowly during this stage of pregnancy. During the last half of pregnancy, AFT4 and AFrT3 levels decreased while AFT3 continued to increase. This pattern of change is most likely explained by an increase in 5'-iodothyronine monodeiodinase activity in the fetal compartment. Normal values of amniotic fluid thyroid hormone concentrations as standards of reference for possible prenatal diagnosis of fetal thyroid abnormalities are provided. PMID- 7355943 TI - In vitro conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone by term human fetal membranes. AB - The conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone by homogenates of term human fetal membranes (38 to 40 weeks' gestation) was quantitated prior to and after labor. Chorion pars reflexa obtained after spontaneous labor by vaginal delivery was more active than that obtained prior to labor by elective cesarean section (p less than 0.05). With homogenates of amnion pars reflexa (n = 18), and pars placentaris (n = 18) obtained prior to labor no conversion or pregnenolone to progesterone was detected. In contrast, in amnion pars reflexa obtained after labor the reaction was detected in five of the 13 tissues examined and was significantly different from tissues obtained prior to labor (p less than 0.01). However, the conversion by the amnion pars placentaris after labor was not significantly different from that to labor. Evidence for inhibition of the reaction in the amnion pars reflexa and pars placentaris obtained prior to labor was found when prolonged washing of these tissues (up to 5 hours) with isotonic KCl resulted in the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone being easily detected. This study suggests that there may be "activation" of the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone in fetal membranes during labor and indicates that considerable care should be taken in studying this and perhaps other reactions in fetal membranes as the mode of delivery, the preparation of tissue, and, in the case of the amnion, the area studied can affect the results obtained. PMID- 7355944 TI - Estradiol and progesterone receptors in human endometrium: normal and abnormal menstrual cycles and early pregnancy. AB - Estradiol and progesterone receptor sites (empty or filled with endogenous hormone)have been measured in the cytoplasm and nuclei of human endometrium. Receptor changes have been observed throughout the normal menstrual cycle. During the preovulatory phase the cytoplasmic estradiol receptor sites do not change while the nuclear receptor sites more than double. Cytoplasmic estradiol receptor sites decrease very early in the secretory phase, whereas the decrease in nuclear sites occurs later. Cytoplasmic progesterone receptor sites more than double during the preovulatory phase and show a large decrease immediately after ovulation, when the concentration of nuclear receptor is at its highest. Thus the total cellular concentrations of both estradiol and progesterone receptors are lowest in the late secretory phase. It was found that they are positively correlated with the concentration of plasma estradiol only during the proliferative phase. The concentration of cytoplasmic progesterone receptor is negatively correlated with 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity during the secretory phase. In anovulatory cycles the concentrations of estradiol and progesterone receptors are high, similar to those of the late proliferative phase. "luteal insufficiency" is characterized by a very low concentration of estradiol receptor. Early pregnancy endometrium (8 to 10 weeks' gestation) is characterized by a large concentration of progesterone receptor, exceeding those of any period of the menstrual cycle. PMID- 7355945 TI - The effect of pregnancy on suspected pituitary adenomas after conservative management of ovulation defects associated with galactorrhea. AB - Thirty infertile patients with ovulation defects and galactorrhea conceived after medical therapy: four after clomiphene stimulation (with or without hCG) and 26 after receiving CB-154 (2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine or bromergocryptine). Pregnancies were followed closely; sellar tomography and perimetry were repeated at 36 weeks' and 8 weeks' post partum. One patient required transsphenoidal adenectomy because of acute pituitary enlargement. Two developed minimal asymptomatic fossa enlargement. Lactation was suppressed with Lactostat in the first eight patients delivered; hyperprolactinemia, amenorrhea, and galactorrhea recurred. Five of eight showed asymptomatic enlargement of the sella. Bromergocryptine was used to suppress lactation in the rest. Long-term bromergocryptine therapy resulted in the restoration of euprolactinemic ovulatory cycles in all patients. These data suggest that patients with ovulation defects associated with galactorrhea can conceive with medical therapy now available. However, there is a risk of significant pituitary enlargement during pregnancy and the puerperium. Lactation should be suppressed with bromergocryptine. PMID- 7355946 TI - Correlation between histologic dating of human corpus luteum and the luteinizing hormone peak--biopsy interval. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of retrospective dating of ovulation in women based on the histologic dating of the corpus luteum. Corpora lutea enucleated from the ovary of 39 women between one and six days following the LH peak in plasma were examined by routine histologic techniques and dated according to Corner's criteria. The correlation between the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak--biopsy interval and histologic dating was assessed. Linear regression analysis of the data gave a correlation coefficient of 0.76. However, the dating of different corpora lutea obtained at the same LH peak--biopsy interval can differ by as much as four days. In addition, it was found that the stages named by Corner as days 1 and 2 seem to develop within the first 24 hours following the LH peak, while stages corresponding to days 4 and 5 each take two days to develop. It is concluded that the use of corpus luteum morphologic features for retrospective timing of ovulation is subject to an error of variable magnitude due to unequal duration of each stage, as well as considerable individual variation. PMID- 7355947 TI - Immunoglobulin concentration in serum and seminal fluid from men with and without sperm-agglutinating antibodies. AB - Serum and seminal fluid from infertile men with head-to-head (H-H) or tail-to tail (T-T) sperm-agglutinating antibodies and fertile men devoid of sperm antibodies were examined for immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE. Only IgG, IgA, and IgE were demonstrated in the seminal fluid. No statistically significant differences in the serum or seminal fluid immunoglobulin concentrations were found between the fertile and the two infertile groups of men examined. PMID- 7355948 TI - Prognosis and treatment of endometrial cancer. AB - An understanding of the patterns of spread and prognostic factors influencing survival is necessary to develop rational treatment programs for patients with endometrial cancer. The most important risk factors include the stage of tumor, status of pelvic lymph nodes, depth of myometrial penetration, tumor grade, cell type, and patient age. Because of the inherent inaccuracies of staging based on pelvic examination and the inability to assess the status of lymph nodes or myometrial penetration clinically, errors in management often result when radiation therapy is delivered prior to operation. Therefore, a rationale is offered for primary operative management of patients with Stage I disease, with consideration of adjunctive radiation therapy following operation based on extend of disease and a thorough evaluation of the high-risk factors. It is suggested that patients with more advanced stages of disease be considered for pretreatment operative evaluation. Data are presented which refute theoretical objections to this approach. PMID- 7355950 TI - Ileovaginal fistula following cryosurgery for vaginal dysplasia. PMID- 7355949 TI - Missed tubal abortion. PMID- 7355951 TI - Simultaneous real-time ultrasound scanning and pelvic examination in assessment of pelvic disease. PMID- 7355952 TI - Ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotropin by a highly anaplastic adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. PMID- 7355953 TI - Two methods of natural family planning. PMID- 7355954 TI - Two methods of natural family planning. PMID- 7355956 TI - Abdominal hysterectomy for abortion-sterilization. A report of 500 consecutive cases. AB - This report is a retrospective study of 500 consecutive abdominal hysterectomies performed on the Therapeutic Abortion Service at the Los Angeles County University of Southern California Medical Center from 1968 to 1974. The cases have been examined as to the patient's profile of age, religion, ethnic group, marital status, gravidity, parity, and abortion history; the coexisting medical problems; the types of associated surgeries performed; complications and morbidity, including blood loss, febrile episodes, and length of hospitalization. This patient population was predominantly 26 to 35 years of age, Catholic, Spanish-surname, married, and in their third to eighth pregnancy. Over 30% of our patients had some relatively severe medical or social problem contributing to their selection of this procedure. In over 80% of patients, hysterectomy was the only surgical procedure performed. Average blood loss was less than 400 cc, and 6.8% of patients had transfusion. In about 32% of patients a significant febrile episode was recorded. The average postoperative stay in hospital was about 5 days. No death was encountered. In view of these findings and the apparent benefits of a combined procedure, it is suggested that this surgical approach is a safe and effective method of simultaneous termination of unwanted pregnancy and childbearing capacity in selected cases in which hysterectomy would be medically indicated. PMID- 7355955 TI - Management of acute chorioamnionitis. AB - Acute chorioamnionitis has been recognized as a major threat to both mother and fetus, but there has been little study of its therapy. On this service, the plan of management consists of parenteral, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and prompt action to effect delivery. Cesarean section was generally performed only when there were additional obstetric indications. No arbitrary time limit was set for the diagnosis-to-delivery interval. The perinatal mortality rate was increased fourfold, but few deaths could be attributed to infection. Maternal outcome was usually good following vaginal delivery and more complicated following abdominal delivery. Over 90% of patients were delivered within 12 hours of diagnosis of chorioamnionitis. PMID- 7355957 TI - Contact hysteroscopy: another method of endoscopic examination of the uterine cavity. AB - Recently there has been renewed interest in hysteroscopy which, since its discovery a century ago, has been in a state of uncertainty. Classical hysteroscopes all require the dilatation of the uterine cavity by the injection of a fluid under pressure. With contact hysteroscopy, the image is obtained by the applciation of the end of the apparatus against the uterine mucosa. This simplifies the equipment and opens up new possibilities. The results of more than 1,000 contact hysteroscopies done in the various circumstances of gynecology and the pathology of pregnancy are presented. The facility of this technique should contribute to the increased use of visual exploration of the uterine cavity, the advantages of which have already been shown. PMID- 7355958 TI - Pelvic "lipolymph nodes": a consideration in the differential diagnosis of pelvic masses. AB - Twelve patients with pelvic "lipolymph nodes" were seen at the Mayo Clinic during a period of 26 years. Most of the patients were perimenopausal or postmenopausal, and all but one were obese. The average size of the nodes was 6.6 cm, with the range being 2 to 14 cm. The most frequently involved nodes were the external iliac and obturator groups. Excretory urography and pelvic ultrasound scan (high resolution scanner) were helpful in determining the extraperitoneal location and the solid nature of the tumors. Lymphangiography performed in one case was helpful in confirming the nodal origin of the pelvic tumor. Exploratory laparotomy was required to determine the exact nature of the lesion in all patients. The treatment consisted of simple removal of the involved nodes. No recurrences have been observed. PMID- 7355959 TI - Radiolabeling of mammalian spermatozoa and their use to monitor sperm transport in females. AB - Radiolabeling of mammalian spermatozoa with 131I, 67Ga, 111In, and 99mTc was investigated. Spermatozoa were labeled with 99mTc for in vivo studies because of a high labeling yield (70 to 90%) combined with the lack of impairment of sperm motility. Ovariectomized sheep were brought into estrus by sequential administration of progesterone and estradiol cyprionate. Sheep were necropsied up to 6 hours after insemination with 99mTc-labeled ram sperm and their reproductive tracts were resected and examined with a rectilinear scanner. Radioactivity was clearly observed in the fallopian tubes, with larger amounts in the vaginas, cervices, and uteri. In contrast, when 99mTc-spermatozoa were replaced with 99mTcO4-, much less radioactivity remained in the reproductive tract at resection and this was evenly distributed. Some label left the 99mTc-spermatozoa in vivo, but radioactivity remained on the cells long enough to consider attempting to monitor sperm transport in vivo in a suitable species. PMID- 7355960 TI - Distinguishing lymph node metastases from benign glandular inclusions in low grade ovarian carcinoma. AB - In order to properly stage patients with ovarian carcinoma, we are routinely removing and microscopically examining sample aortic lymph nodes in these patients, since aortic lymph node metastases may affect long-term survival. Inasmuch as benign glandular inclusions can be found in pelvic and aortic lymph nodes, we have run into difficulty distinguishing such inclusions from genuine metastases in cases of low-grade or borderline serous ovarian carcinomas. Atypical epithelium in these tumors may closely resemble the lining of benign glandular lymph node inclusions. Moreover, like metastases benign glandular inclusions may grow in the peripheral sinusoid, show epithelial papillae and psammoma bodies, and may even proliferate as small sheets of cells. Just how crucial it is to recognize aortic lymph node metastases in these low-grade tumors will be clarified when the prognostic importance of aortic node metastases becomes understood. PMID- 7355961 TI - Pancreatitis, familial hypertriglyceridemia, and pregnancy. AB - Interrelationships between pregnancy, hypertriglyceridemia, and pancreatitis were assessed in three women with familial hypertriglyceridemia. One subject had known familial hypertriglyceridemia, familial type V hyperlipoproteinemia, prior to conception. In this woman a progressive increase in triglyceride levels to more than 3,000 mg/dl during the first two trimesters required dietary intervention and hospitalization at 28 weeks' gestation. Use of an isocaloric National Institutes of Health type V diet reduced triglyceride levels to less than 900 mg/dl; the pregnancy was uneventful with term delivery of a healthy neonate. The familial hypertriglyceridemia was covert in the other two women until term. In one subject, subsequently shown to have familial type V, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis with a pancreatic pseudocyst, shock, and hypocalcemia developed at 39 weeks' gestation; the neonate was safely delivered, and the mother survived. In the second, entirely asymptomatic subject, triglyceride levels greater than 5,000 mg/dl were discovered incidentally at term cesarean section during delivery of a healthy neonate. With a fat restricted diet, plasma triglyceride levels abruptly fell post partum to less than 500 mg/dl, and subsequent studies revealed familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia. Routine quantitation of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels or simple visual examination of fasting plasma for triglyceride-induced opacity or "milky" appearance should be done during early pregnancy. This would allow the obstetrician to identify women with severe familial hypertriglyceridemia prior to the superimposition of the physiologic hyperlipidemia of pregnancy upon familial hypertriglyceridemia with resultant, and often catastrophic, acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7355962 TI - The effect of pregnancy on the angiotensin II pressor response in the rabbit. AB - The pressor response to angiotensin II was measured in unanesthetized, chronically catheterized pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits. Angiotensin II was infused intravenously for 10 minutes at a dose of 50 and 124 ng/kg/min. No difference in control mean arterial blood pressure was observed between pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits. The pressure change in response to angiotensin II was significantly greater in nonpregnant rabbits than in pregnant rabbits (P less than 0.002). Plasma samples were analyzed for angiotensin II concentration by radioimmunoassay. The results showed that there was no difference in plasma angiotensin II concentration between pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits following angiotensin II infusions. In a separate series we observed the effect of 5 mg of phenoxybenzamine on the pressor response to angiotensin II. After phenoxybenzamine treatment the control mean arterial blood pressure was significantly greater in nonpregnant rabbits than in pregnant rabbits, but the change in pressure in response to angiotensin II in nonpregnant rabbits was not significantly different from that of pregnant rabbits. These results show (1) that pregnant rabbits have a decreased sensitivity to angiotensin II, (2) that this decreased sensitivity is not due to differences in plasma concentration of angiotensin II, and (3) that this differential sensitivity to angiotensin II can be prevented by alpha-receptor blockade. PMID- 7355963 TI - Uterine contractility and oxytocin sensitivity in preterm, term, and postterm pregnancy. AB - The records of 117 patients who had serial nonstress tests (N = 285) and oxytocin challenge tests (N = 268) were analyzed to determine whether baseline uterine contractility and/or oxytocin sensitivity changed with increasing gestational age. The results obtained in patients who were delivered before, at, and after term were compared. Uterine contractility and oxytocin sensitivity increased in all groups as gestational age progressed. No significant differences in uterine contractility were noted among groups; however, oxytocin sensitivity was significantly increased in the preterm group (p less than 0.001) and decreased in the postterm group (p less than 0.001). Our results suggest that the response of the uterus to oxytocin early in pregnancy may help to identify patients who will be delivered before or after term. PMID- 7355964 TI - Uterine and ovarian artery blood flow in the pregnant dog. Attempt at comparative study in pregnant women. AB - UABF and OABF were measured in dogs with the electromagnetic flowmeter. In eight nonpregnant animals, UABF was on the average 3.2 ml/min and OABF 0.4 ml/min. In 10 pregnant bitches near term UABF was 27.3 ml/min and OABF 1.3 ml/min. Complete aortic occlusion in the pregnant bitch at term reduces UABF to 2.4 ml/min (loss of 24.9 ml/min) and increases OABF to only 1.6 ml/min (gain of 0.3 ml/min). The conclusion is that most of the blood flow to the uteroplacental unit in the pregnant bitch is channelled through the uterine artery and the marked drop in UABF produced by acute aortic occlusion is not compensated by an increase in OABF. The conditions are different in human pregnancy where the progressive nature of the aortic compression by the pregnant uterus allows, under the most favorable circumstances, the gradual development of a collateral circulation mostly through the ovarian arteries. However, this does not occur all the time as demonstrated by angiographic studies in a series of 12 patients and in similar studies reported in the literature. This could result in a placental insufficiency. PMID- 7355965 TI - Antepartum fetal evaluation: development of a fetal biophysical profile. AB - Five fetal biophysical variables, fetal breathing movements, fetal movements, fetal tone, qualitative amniotic fluid volume, and the nonstress test, were measured in the same observation period in 216 patients with high-risk pregnancies. All delivered within one week of the last observation. The relationship between individual biophysical variables and combinations of variables to the outcome of pregnancy as judged by five-minute Apgar score, fetal distress in labor, and perinatal mortality rate (PMN) was determined. For any single test, the false negative rate was low and was similar between tests, but the false positive rate was high (greater than 50%) and varied significantly between tests. Combining tests resulted in a significant change in both the false negative and false positive rates as compared to any single test. The most accurate differentiation of the normal from the compromised fetus was obtained when all five variables were studied. The PNM ranged from 0 when all variables were normal to 600 per 1,000 when all were abnormal. These data suggest that combined fetal biophysical testing is a more accurate method of antepartum fetal evaluation than any single method. PMID- 7355966 TI - Bacterial colonization of amniotic fluid from intact fetal membranes. PMID- 7355967 TI - Sonar fetal cephalometry: comparison of bistable with gray scale and real-time techniques. AB - The fetal biparietal diameter was measured simultaneously with B-scan bistable and gray scale techniques and subsequently with real-time ultrasonography. Measurements were made from outer table to outer table with the bistable technique, which has been proven to be accurate and reliable. With the gray scale and real-time modalities, distances were measured between several landmarks from the same image. Off all measurements taken from gray scale and realtime images, those between the centers of each band outlining the fetal skull showed the best correlation and the closest values to measurements using the standard bistable technique. Discrepancies exceeded 2 mm in only 5% with the gray scale and in 2% with the real-time technique. Using the measurement between outer and inner aspects of the cephalic band, the percentages of discrepancies exceeding 2 mm were 7% with gray scale and 6% with real time. PMID- 7355968 TI - Increased heart rate response to parasympathetic and beta adrenergic blockade in growth-retarded fetal lambs. AB - To determine the influence of the autonomic nervous system on the circulation of normal and growth-retarded fetal lambs we measured the responses of heart rate and arterial blood pressure to parasympathetic (atropine 0.2 mg/kg) and beta adrenergic (propranolol 1.0 mg/kg) blockade in the last quarter of gestation. The heart rate response to parasympathetic blockade increased with gestational age in both normal and growth-retarded fetuses but in the growth-retarded fetuses there was a significantly greater response to parasympathetic blockade than in control fetuses from 121 days' gestation to term. The heart rate response to beta adrenergic blockade did not change with gestational age in normal fetuses. From 131 days' gestation to term the heart rate response to beta-adrenergic blockade in growth-retarded fetuses was significantly higher than in normal fetuses. The systemic arterial blood pressure responses to parasympathetic or beta-adrenergic blockade were similar in growth-retarded and normal fetuses. These results indicate an increased parasympathetic and beta-adrenergic influence on the heart of fetuses whose growth has been retarded. It may also suggest a more generalized increase in parasympathetic and sympathetic tone affecting other organs and systems in the growth-retarded fetal lambs. PMID- 7355969 TI - The placental transfer of acetylsalicylic acid in near-term ewes. AB - The placental transfer of acetylsalicylic acid was studied in five near-term ewes and fetuses. The total clearance (Ctot) of acetylsalicylic acid from the fetal compartment was determined by bolus injection of 14C-acetylsalicylic acid into the fetal compartment. Ctot = Cp + Cf where Cp is the placental clearance and Cf is the fetal tissue clearance. 14C-acetylsalicylic acid was then infused into the ewe. Fetal (F) and maternal (M) steady-state concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid were measured. During steady-state conditions, the influx of acetylsalicylic acid into the fetal compartment will equal the efflux, or Cp X (M - F) = Cf X F. Combining these two equations yields the following description of placental clearance: Cp = Ctot x F/M. Using this equation, we calculated Cp = 0.57 +/- 0.12 ml/min . kg and Cf = 1.93 +/- 0.22 ml/min . kg. Maternal and fetal placental flows were also measured using radioactively labeled microspheres. From these flows, a 99% degree of diffusion limitation was determined for the placental transfer of acetylsalicylic acid. PMID- 7355971 TI - Effects of parity on cesarean section rate. PMID- 7355970 TI - Toxic prescription for babies. PMID- 7355972 TI - Vaginal agenesis associated with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. PMID- 7355973 TI - Cellular immune responsiveness of uveitis patients to retinal S-antigen. AB - S-antigen, an organ-specific substance isolated from the retinal photoreceptor region, was shown to be a potent agent for the induction of experimental autoimmune uveitis. S-antigen and other ocular antigens were tested for their ability to induce blast transformation of lymphocytes from patients with a variety of ocular inflammatory diseases. Lymphocytes from 22% of patients tested manifested a positive memory response to the S-antigen prepared from bovine eyes. Responses to human S-antigen paralleled those found with the bovine. All of those with a positive response had active or inactive retinal lesions. Some posterior uveitis patients responded to crude retinal extracts but not to S-antigen, indicating the possible role of other retinal antigens still to be purified. Control subjects did not manifest a positive immune response to the S-antigen, nor did patients with anterior uveitis. Possibly, these responses play some role in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 7355974 TI - Retinal arteriovenous anastomoses in the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. AB - A 15-year-old black girl had acute bilateral uveitis and other features of the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. Several months after the onset of her illness, she developed acquired retinal arteriovenous anastomoses in both eyes. By using fluorescein angiography, we documented that the anastomoses were collateral vessels developing in areas of damaged retinal pigment epithelium and retinal capillaries. PMID- 7355975 TI - Clinical and biochemical heterogeneity in gyrate atrophy. AB - Two patients had milder variants of the usual form of gyrate atrophy. Although the appearance of the chorioretinal degeneration was identical, the progression of the clinical signs and symptoms were slower with night blindness, cataracts, and decreased vision occurring at an older age. Additionally, the level of hyperornithinemia, although still increased above normal, was lower than that usually found in such patients (between 448 and 676 microM). Additionally, one of our patients responded to high dosage vitamin B6 with a 27% reduction in plasma ornithine. The difference in the quantitation of the increase in plasma ornithine, the difference in responsiveness to vitamin B6, and the difference in the clinical consequences of this underlying biochemical abnormality, indicated a variant form of gyrate atrophy, suggesting the presence of genetic heterogeneity. PMID- 7355976 TI - Diagnostic modalities in choroidal melanoma. AB - We prospectively studied 51 patients with choroidal melanomas in a masked manner to determine the accuracy of clinical, ultrasound, and fluorescein diagnosis as well as the accuracy of tumor size measurements. In patients with clear media, clinical diagnosis was the most accurate means of detecting a choroidal melanoma. There was excellent correlation between clinical, ultrasound, and pathology measurements of tumor size. In small melanomas, clinical examination was the most accurate means of measuring tumor diameter and ultrasound the most accurate method of measuring tumor height. Even with a trained ocular oncologist, there was a significant variability in tumor measurements on serial ophthalmoscopic examinations. PMID- 7355977 TI - Gray crescent in the optic nerve head. AB - Twenty-nine patients had a slate-gray crescent within the peripheral tissue of the optic nerve head. Twenty-five of the patients were black; an examination of 100 consecutive black patients revealed the gray crescent in 12 cases. The gray crescents were usually bilateral and were most often located along the temporal or inferotemporal disk margin. Failure to recognize the anatomic location of the gray crescent may lead to misdiagnosis of disk cupping. PMID- 7355978 TI - The effect of aqueous humor on the growth of subconjunctival fibroblasts in tissue culture and its implications for glaucoma surgery. AB - We used aqueous humor from cataract patients and glaucoma patients as a medium for tissue culture of subconjunctival fibroblasts. The aqueous humor from cataract patients consistently inhibited the growth of their own subconjunctival fibroblasts, whereas that of some of the glaucoma patients did not. We found a significant correlation between the success of the filtering operation and the ability of that patient's aqueous humor to inhibit the growth of fibroblasts in tissue culture. PMID- 7355979 TI - Computed tomography and angiography in the diagnosis of suprasellar mass lesions. AB - We studied four cases in which the differentiation between a noncalcified suprasellar aneurysm and tuberculum meningioma, and a calcified suprasellar aneurysm and craniopharyngioma, could not be established by computed tomography scan alone. Cerebral angiography clearly showed both aneurysms. PMID- 7355980 TI - The cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome. AB - A 3 1/2-month-old boy with the cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome had low birth weight, microcephaly, microphthalmia, cataracts, blepharophimosis, high nasal bridge, micrognathia, kyphosis, rocker-bottom feet, and a longitudinal foot groove. The product of a consanguineous parentage, he showed marked developmental retardation, suggesting abnormal recessive inheritance. PMID- 7355981 TI - Uniocular congenital blindness as a complication of midtrimester amniocentesis. AB - A 6-month-old baby girl with congenital unilateral blindness had an eyelid coloboma and clear evidence of an old vascularized corneal perforation, indicating that the cause of the blindness was an ocular trauma sustained during a midtrimester amniocentesis. PMID- 7355982 TI - An improved scleral spatula needle. AB - I devised a new spatula needle (DO-5) that improves the performance of the established DO-1 needle of the Davis and Geck Co. The diamond-shaped tip of the needle was lengthened to improve its penetration force through the sclera and the widened shoulder of the point was narrowed to enable the needle to pass through the sclera more easily and to provide closer contact between suture and scleral tissue. PMID- 7355983 TI - Enucleation of uveal melanomas. PMID- 7355984 TI - Applanation tonometry without fluorescein. PMID- 7355985 TI - Disk cupping in childhood glaucoma. PMID- 7355986 TI - Spontaneous glomerular sclerosis in aging Sprague-Dawley rats. II. Ultrastructural studies. AB - Increased protein filtration and work overload have been proposed to account for the development of glomerular sclerosis in old rats. Sprague-Dawley rat kidneys were examined ultrastructurally from birth through 24 months of age to further delineate pathogenetic factors. There was progressive thickening of all basement membranes with lamination, intramembranous pseudolinear deposits, and degeneration. The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was 1300 A at birth and increased to 4800 A by 24 months of age. GBM thickening correlated very closely with age (r = 0.90, P less than 0.001), correlated roughly with mesangial sclerosis, but did not correlate at all with proteinuria. Obliteration of podocytes and degenerative changes in the cytoplasm occurred in all cell types and was present in both proteinuric and nonproteinuric rats. These findings suggest that the lesion of spontaneous glomerular sclerosis of aging rats results not from proteinuria but from the natural process of abiotrophic involution. Further, this lesion is but a more obvious indicator of the alterations occurring simultaneously in other portions of the kidney. PMID- 7355987 TI - The evolution of vascular changes in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - A longitudinal study on the development of vascular lesions was carried out in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) of the Aoki-Okamoto strain. The aorta and intrarenal arterial vessels were examined at different ages, from 5 to 48 weeks, by light and electron microscopy. Endothelial permeability to injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was evaluated in 20-week-old animals. Morphologic differences between vessels of SHRs and age-matched normotensive controls (Wistar Kyoto strain) were first noted at 10 weeks of age and became more pronounced with time. Vascular pathology involved both intima and media. Medial thickening was seen in both aorta and peripheral arteries and, in the latter, was associated with decreased luminal diameters. These medial changes may contribute to the maintenance of the elevated blood pressure. Intimal lesions affected predominantly the aorta and were characterized by an expansion of the subendothelial space with deposition of acid mucopolysaccharides. There was increased accumulation of tracer HRP in the expanded subendothelium, which suggested enhanced permeability and/or retention of the tracer. In animal species susceptible to atherosclerosis, these intimal changes could serve as the structural basis for the higher propensity for atheromatous lesions in hypertensive individuals. In the SHR, despite stabilization of systolic blood pressure at about 20 weeks of age, both intimal and medial lesions continue to progress and become more extensive and severe; this suggests that not only the severity of hypertension but also its duration are significant determinants of the degree of vascular damage. PMID- 7355988 TI - Lysosomal alterations in hypoxic and reoxygenated hearts. I. Ultrastructural and cytochemical changes. AB - Rabbit hearts perfused under hypoxic conditions underwent progressive subcellular damage, which becomes irreversible by one hour. During the first 20 minutes of perfusion, minor dilation of mitochondria and condensation of nuclear chromatin were the only salient features of cell injury. By 40 minutes moderate mitochondrial swelling was evident in hypoxic myocytes. Moreover, an increase in degenerating mitochondria and autophagic vacuoles was apparent. Reperfusion after either 20 or 40 minutes of hypoxia restored contractility, and injured myocytes underwent a cellular repair process that involved a dramatic increase in lysosomal autoplagy. One hour of hypoxia yielded irreversibly injured myocytes. Upon reoxygenation, some of these cells displayed typical changes of necrosis, but others apparently underwent an abortive repair process involving the formation of large, probably nonfunctional lysosomes. These observations suggest that lysosomal autophagy is important in the efforts at repair that cardiac cells initiate during and after hypoxia. PMID- 7355989 TI - Immunology of the lower respiratory tract. Serial morphologic changes in the lungs and tracheobronchial lymph nodes of dogs after intrapulmonary immunization with sheep erythrocytes. AB - Sequential histologic changes in immunized and contralateral lung lobes, and ipsilateral and contralateral tracheobronchial lymph nodes were evaluated from dogs after intra-pulmonary immunization with sheep erythrocytes. In addition, changes in the relative numbers of unstimulated lymphocytes, activated lymphocytes, and plasma cells were determined for immunized and contralateral lung lobes by the use of bronchopulmonary lavage. Histologic evidence of an immune response occurred 2 days after immunization in ipsilateral tracheobronchial lymph nodes and on Day 5 in immunized lung lobes. Pulmonary lymphoid infiltrates appeared initially around pulmonary venules and veins. There was expansion of these infiltrates into alveolar spaces, where mixed mononuclear aggregates were formed in association with alveolar macrophages 7 days after immunization. A similar but attenuated and delayed response occurred within contralateral control lung lobes, although mononuclear aggregates were not found. Activated lymphocytes in lavage samples increased prior to histologic evidence of pulmonary lymphoid infiltrates. These results suggest that after intrapulmonary immunization the lung recruits circulating immunocytes produced in ipsilateral lung-associated lymph nodes as the source of specific antibody-forming cells in bronchoalveolar air spaces. PMID- 7355990 TI - Long-term follow-up as program evaluation: lessons from McCord's 30-year follow up of the Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study. AB - In the context of earlier work on the Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study, McCord's recent 30-year follow-up is seen as raising issues with respect to the controlled experiment as a basis for evaluation and study of psychotherapeutic effects. The follow-up's general conclusion that "treatment" produces insidious long-term side effects is challenged, and its specific stated conclusions are deemed unwarranted by the conceptualizations and evidence presented. PMID- 7355991 TI - Mood quality and intensity in nursery school children as predictors of behavior disorder. AB - Ratings of mood quality and intensity of response, as temperamental attributes of preschool children, were derived from interviews with nursery school children and from direct observations. Findings based on these two attributes signaled emotional distress and identified those children who required referral for clinical disorders within the subsequent five-year period. This study suggests that negative mood and high intensity ratings may be effective indicators of children at risk. PMID- 7355993 TI - Genetic etiology in the hyperactive child syndrome: a critical review. PMID- 7355992 TI - Assessing coping behavior. AB - The Coping Inventory, an observation instrument based on Lois Murphy's longitudinal study of children's coping behavior, is described. The instrument assesses 48 kinds of coping behavior in order to develop a profile for use in educational and therapeutic planning. Examples and supportive technical data are given. PMID- 7355994 TI - Family attitudes toward mental illness: immutable with respect to time, treatment setting, and outcome. PMID- 7355995 TI - The rehabilitation hospital: a ten-year study of chronic psychiatric patients. PMID- 7355996 TI - Sex-stereotyping in adult-infant interaction: some negative evidence. PMID- 7355997 TI - Treating children and adolescents in the same psychiatric inpatient setting. PMID- 7355998 TI - The dimensions of meaning and belonging in the process of divorce. AB - Emotional reactions to divorce are described, with particular reference to the loss of social definition faced by members of the separating family. It is suggested that, for children in particular, disruption of the family matrix constitutes a crisis of meaning and belonging that may be central to the impact of divorce. PMID- 7355999 TI - Hyperkinesis comes of age: what do we know and where should we go? AB - The first heuristic description of the hyperkinetic impulse disorder made its appearance in the literature just over twenty years ago. Although there are many who are made restless and irritable by continuing ambiguities and controversies surrounding the hyperkinetic syndrome, the past two decades have brought considerable maturation in our knowledge of this concept. The present paper sketches the state of the art in regard to hyperkinesis, and draws conclusions about directions for both research and clinical work. PMID- 7356000 TI - Family therapy: the making of a mental health movement. AB - Family therapy, unlike many fleeting therapeutic fads, has flourished in established mental health circles for the past 25 years. This paper examines the socio-historical sources of family therapy's popularity, and considers the growth and development of this contemporary American therapeutic phenomenon from a sociological perspective. PMID- 7356001 TI - Toward a public policy on the chronic mentally ill patient. AB - This paper outlines the problems posed by the chronic mentally ill, which have become a national disgrace. The historical background of deinstitutionalization is reviewed, issues critical to an understanding of the problems of the chronic mental patient are examined, solutions are suggested, and a public policy on the chronic mental patient is proposed. PMID- 7356002 TI - From hospitals to jails: the fate of California's deinstitutionalized mentally ill. AB - This paper describes a shift of mentally ill persons from custodial care in state institutions during the 1960s to prosecution in criminal courts during the 1970s. The shift is attributed to the unforeseen clinical needs of this new outpatient population, the inability of community mental health centers to meet these needs, and the changes in mental health laws, specifically their emphasis on the concept of dangerousness. PMID- 7356003 TI - Counseling Asians: psychotherapy in the context of racism and Asian-American history. AB - The historical experience of Asian immigrants to the United States is outlined, and implications for counseling and psychotherapy with Asian-Americans are considered. It is suggested that, in charting therapeutic goals for Asians, three major factors must be taken into account: 1) when and why Asians migrated to the United States, and where they settled; 2) the number of years, and the impact, of public education; and 3) conflicting cultural norms that complicate the acculturation process. PMID- 7356004 TI - Brief group therapy with offspring of holocaust survivors: leaders' reactions. AB - The authors, themselves children of Holocaust survivors, discuss their reactions and experiences in leading nine short-term awareness groups designed for this population. They evaluate their role as leaders, and examine countertransference, personal motivation, and the establishment of goals within the group context. Preparation for therapists leading short-term homogeneous groups of which they are not members is also explored. PMID- 7356005 TI - Reaction-time and movement-time of children with cerebral palsy: under motivational reinforcement conditions. AB - The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of motivational reinforcement (verbal praise), upon the reaction- and movement-times of children with spastic cerebral palsy. Twenty male and sixteen female subjects were tested on the motor task under controlled conditions. Based upon this initial testing, the subjects were matched and paired, and then designated as the experimental (N = 18) and control (N = 18) groups, respectively. The investigation was carried out over a seven week period with the initial (week-one) and final test (week seven) sessions performed under control conditions. The five week period between initial and final sessions was utilized for application of the treatment condition (verbal praise), or control condition (no praise). The analyses performed indicated that only the experimental group improved significantly in reaction-time and movement-time performance. It was therefore, concluded, that the motivational reinforcement condition (verbal praise), resulted in a reaction time and movement-time performance which was significantly superior to that of a non-motivational (no praise) condition. PMID- 7356006 TI - Coupling between oxidative metabolism and active transport in the midgut of tobacco hornworm. AB - Active K transport (Isc) in the midgut of tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta has been shown to be highly dependent on oxidative metabolism. However, the oxygen consumption rate (rO2) was not altered by conditions that drastically affect Isc. Respiration was normally maximal, inasmuch as uncouplers did not increase rO2. This rate could be maintained without any added substrate probably by oxidation of endogenous substrates. Additional succinate increased rO2 by 17%. Simultaneous monitoring of Isc and the redox level of the respiratory chain components demonstrated that 1) succinate (5 mM) reduced all the respiratory enzymes while increasing Isc by 17%; 2) sesamol (5 mM), a mitochondrial uncoupler, reoxidized all respiratory enzymes and inhibited Isc by about 50%; 3) cyanide (1 mM) fully reduced the cytochromes and completely inhibited Isc. These redox responses indicate that the mitochondria in this tissue are normally coupled, even if respiration is maximal and is not modulated by active transport. Mitochondria isolated from the midgut show coupling and respiratory control by ADP, appearing to behave like mitochondria from other tissues. Therefore, a cytoplasmic constraint must exist in this tissue that continually elicits an unmodulated maximal respiratory rate. PMID- 7356007 TI - Role of ATP in respiratory control and active transport in tobacco hornworm midgut. AB - The intracellular ATP, ADP, AMP, and orthophosphate (Pi) levels were measured in the midgut of Manduca sexta. The nucleotide levels were identical in tissues either "fresh" frozen or equilibrate in regular (32 mM) K or low (8 mM) K solutions. The calculated [ATP]/[ADP][Pi]ratio was approximately 300 M-1, which is low compared to other tissues. Given the ability of this ratio to control the respiratory rate, it is speculated that this low value may cause the maximal uncontrolled respiration normally observed in the midgut. The kinetics to anoxia of active transport (Isc) and the redox level of the mitochondrial cytochromes were measured simultaneously in the midgut. The cytochromes became reduced with a time constant of 0.75 +/- 0.15 min, whereas that for Isc inhibition was 2.1 +/- 0.15 min after a delay of 0.25 min. The difference between these two kinetic rates indicates that an intermediate form of energy exists in this tissue to energize active K transport. Measurements of ATP levels during the transition to anoxia indicate that its decay kinetics are sufficiently slow for ATP to be the immediate energy source for active transport in this tissue. PMID- 7356008 TI - Structural and functional study of control of canine tracheal smooth muscle. AB - The structural bases for myogenic and neurogenic control of canine tracheal smooth muscle were studied. At optimum lengths, strips of muscle showed insignificant neurogenic or myogenic tone. Atropine and/or tetrodotoxin blocked the contractile responses elicited on electrical field stimulation of intrinsic nerves. After raising the tone with tetraethylammonium ion and in the presence of atropine, field stimulation of nerves caused a relaxation, a major component of which was blocked by propranolol and/or tetrodotoxin, suggesting an effect mediated through interaction of mediator released from sympathetic nerves with beta-adrenergic receptors. Electron microscopic studies revealed gap junctions between extensions of smooth-muscle cells and a sparse innervation. The axonal varicosities, corresponding to cholinergic (predominantly) and adrenergic (occasionally) nerves, were seen predominantly in the clefts between cell bundles. The physiological responses were compared with the morphological features. Although this muscle exhibits multiunit behavior in vitro, implying that nerves initiate the coordinate activity, its ultrastructural features suggest a potential for single-unit behavior. PMID- 7356009 TI - Specific tissue impedances of estrogen- and progesterone-treated rabbit myometrium. PMID- 7356010 TI - Effect of temperature on mechanical and myothermic properties of rabbit smooth muscle. AB - The mechanical performance and the heat production of 18 rabbit rectococcygeus muscles have been measured at 19 degrees C and 29 degrees C. The rate of energy liberation in a tetanus was 2.96 +/- 0.14 mW/g at 19 degrees C and 5.84 +/- 0.25 mW/g at 29 degrees C. At both temperatures there was a linear relationship between total (initial + recovery) heat production and the stress-time integral for stimulus durations up to 13 s. The slope of the relationship had a Q10 of 1.8. Recovery heat evolution, measured after mechanical relaxation was complete, was approximately exponential in character. The final time constant for recovery heat liberation was 63.1 +/- 5.5 s at 19 degrees C and 32.3 +/- 2.4 s at 29 degrees C. After-loaded isotonic force-velocity data were fitted with the hyperbolic version of Hill's characteristic equation (A. V. Hill. Trails and Trials in Physiology. London: Arnold, 1965). The a/Po ratio was practically temperature independent, but maximal shortening velocity and the constant b had Q10's of 2.5 and 2.7, respectively. PMID- 7356011 TI - Effects of dantrolene on the energetics of fast- and slow-twitch muscles of the mouse. PMID- 7356012 TI - Stretch-induced growth in chicken wing muscles: a new model of stretch hypertrophy. AB - A new model of stretch-induced growth is evaluated in four chicken wing muscles stretched to different extents by a spring-loaded tubular assembly. Muscles grew in length and cross section in proportion to the extent to which they were stretched. Longitudinal growth was essentially completed within 1 wk, while muscles grew in cross section through at least 5 wk of stretch. The muscles were neither denervated nor immobilized, and muscle activity as measured by EMG was not increased. Oxidative enzyme activities increased substantially with stretch in the patagialis (PAT), a twitch muscle, but were relatively unchanged in the slow-tonic anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD). Stretch altered mitochondrial enzyme proportions in the PAT, but had little effect in the ALD. Capillary density was unchanged with stretch in the PAT, but decreased in the ALD. Capillary density was unchanged with stretch in the PAT, but decreased in the ALD. Capillary-to fiber ratio, however, increased in both muscles. We conclude that muscles grow and adapt enzymatically due to stretch, but that these responses are dissimilar in twitch and tonic muscles. PMID- 7356013 TI - Mammary gland function and development: effect of zinc deficiency in rat. AB - The effect of dietary zinc deficiency during late pregnancy and lactation on the rat mammary gland was investigated by feeding female rats either a zinc-deficient diet (0.4 ppm Zn) or a zinc-sufficient diet (100 ppm Zn) ad libitum or restricted in amount. Zinc deficiency from day 0 of lactation specifically reduced the total RNA content of lactating mammary glands on day 14, but had no effect beyond that of food restriction on their total DNA content, Both RNA and DNA content of the mammary gland were decreased by reduced food intake. Zinc deficiency from day 14 of pregnancy to day 2 of lactation severely impaired parturition and prevented the normal rise in mammary gland RNA seen during lactogenesis in control animals. A shorter deficiency period, from day 18 of gestation, had no effect on mammary gland nucleic acids other than that due to inanition. PMID- 7356014 TI - Nitrogen handling in adult hypothalamic obese rats. AB - Several aspects of nitrogen metabolism have been studied in adult nonhyperphagic, hyperinsulinemic, ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)-lesioned rats. Ten days postoperatively, VMH-lesioned rats had high plasma levels of urea and low plasma tyrosine, while plasma alanine, glutamine, total amino acid, and protein levels were unaltered. Urea production and excretion were increased in VMH-lesioned rats. Increased urea synthesis could not be attributed to enhanced peripheral release of amino acids. In vitro, measurements of hepatic amino acid uptake and liver protein synthesis did not reveal any disturbances of these processes in VMH lesioned rats. However, hepatic transamination and lipogenesis from amino acids were increased following VMH-lesions. In addition to the hyperinsulinemia previously reported to occur in nonhyperphagic VMH-lesioned rats, this study showed an increased glucagon secretion from perfused pancreases of these animals. These data together suggest that the excess of the two hormones at the portal vein of VMH-lesioned rats would favor uptake and deamination of amino acids, their diversion to lipid synthesis and possibly other pathways, with consequent increase in urea production and reduced supply of amino acids to peripheral tissues available for nitrogen retention. PMID- 7356015 TI - Turnover of total proteins and ornithine aminotransferase during liver regeneration in rats. AB - The recovery of approximately 40% of the total liver protein during the first day after partial hepatectomy was shown to be due to the near cessation of protein breakdown rather than to an increase in protein synthesis. The decrease in degradation of total protein was less if rats were adrenalectomized or protein depleted prior to partial hepatectomy. The effect of these treatments originally suggested that changes in free amino acid levels in liver might be related to the rate of protein degradation. However, no correlation was found between levels of total free amino acids and rates of breakdown. Measurements of individual amino acids during liver regeneration suggested that levels of free methionine and phenylalanine, amino acids that have been found to lower rates of protein degradation in vitro, are not correlated with rates of breakdown in vivo. The difference between the fractional rate of ornithine aminotransferase degradation (0.68/day and 0.28/day in sham-hepatectomized and partially hepatectomized rats, respectively) was sufficient to account for the higher level of this protein 3 days after surgery in the latter group. PMID- 7356016 TI - Prolactin in human milk: correlation with lactose, total protein, and alpha lactalbumin levels. AB - To determine whether prolactin (PRL) could be conclusively demonstrated in human milk, samples from nine puerperal women were examined by radioimmunoassay techniques. Recovery of 78 +/- 5% (mean +/- SE) PRL added to eight milk samples and mean recoveries of 83, 92, and 92% of PRL after 1, 2, and 3 h incubation at 21 degrees C indicated that quantitative recovery was possible. PRL immunoreactivity was not lost by dialysis for 96 h. Serial dilution of milk samples before and after dialysis gave inhibition curves parallel to PRL standards. Milk PRL concentrations were high for the first 3 days after birth, with a peak mean value of 157 +/- 18 ng/ml (SE) on the third day. Milk PRL levels then fell sharply to a mean of 24 ng/ml 13 days after delivery. Milk PRL concentrations showed a significant negative correlation (P less than 0.001) with milk lactose (r = -0.59) and positive correlations (P less than 0.01) with total milk protein (r = 0.49) and alpha lactalbumin (r = 0.33) estimations. We conclude that i) PRL is a normal constituent of human milk, ii) high concentrations of PRL are present in human milk for the first 3 days postpartum but subsequently fall rapidly, and iii) milk PRL levels correlate significantly with milk lactose, total protein, and alpha-lactalbumin values. PMID- 7356017 TI - Bath and lumen effects of SITS on PAH transport by isolated perfused renal tubules. AB - Effects of 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic stilbene (SITS) in bath or lumen on p-aminohippurate (PAH) transport by isolated perfused snake (Thamnophis spp.) distal-proximal renal tubules were studied. Addition of SITS to the bath in concentrations as low as 10(-10) M irreversibly depressed net PAH secretion. Addition of 10(-4) M SITS in the bath depressed net PAH secretion by about 60% without affecting apparent permeability of luminal membrane to PAH (PL) or net fluid absorption. Cellular PAH concentration was reduced by about 70% at this time but was still greater than that in the bath. Apparent permeability of peritubular membrane, determined from PAH efflux from tubules with oil-filled lumens, was unchanged even with 10(-3) M SITS in bath. These data indicate that SITS in the bath inhibits PAH transport from bath into cells without enhancing passive efflux from cells to bath. Addition of 10(-4) M SITS to the lumen alone depressed net PAH secretion and PL by about 60%, but this depression was reversed when SITS was removed from the lumen. These data suggest that PAH moves from cells to lumen by a mediated process distinctly different from that fro transport into cells from bath. PMID- 7356018 TI - Renal nerves in compensatory renal response to contralateral renal denervation. AB - Acute unilateral renal denervation and the resultant antidiuresis and antinatriuresis are accompanied by a compensatory antidiuresis and antinatriuresis from the opposite kidney. The present study tested the hypothesis that the renal sympathetic nerves mediated this adaptive response. In the volume expanded rat, acute left renal denervation increased left kidney fractional sodium excretion from 4.4 +/- 0.6 to 5.9 +/- 0.6%, while right kidney fractional sodium excretion decreased from 4.3 +/- 0.6 to 3.5 +/- 0.5%. Subsequent acute right renal denervation increased right kidney fractional sodium excretion from 3.5 +/- 0.5 to 4.7 +/- 0.6%. Measurement of efferent left renal sympathetic nerve activity before and after acute right renal denervation showed an increase from 10.9 +/- 0.8 to 16.0 +/- 1.4 Hz. When both kidneys were simultaneously subjected to acute renal denervation, fractional excretion of sodium increased bilaterally. In uninephrectomized rats subjected to acute denervation of the remaining kidney, fractional excretion of sodium increased. Glomerular filtration rate was unchanged throughout in all studies. These results demonstrate that the compensatory renal response to acute contralateral renal denervation is mediated by the efferent renal sympathetic nerves. PMID- 7356019 TI - Two modes of phosphate transport by turtle urinary bladder. AB - The effects of changes in pH and addition of CO2/HCO3- on transepithelial phosphate transport were studied in turtle urinary bladder. Net mucosa-to-serosa flux of phosphate (JP) was determined as the difference between unidirectional 32P fluxes in the absence of transepithelial electrochemical gradients. With 5 mM phosphate in HCO3--free Ringer at pH 8.4, JP was 21.8 +/- 7.4 nmol . 8 cm-2 . h 1. There was a slight increase in JP with isohydric addition of 10 mM HCO3-. Addition of 5% CO2, which reduced pH to 7.3, did not affect JP. At pH 8.4, JP was not affected by ouabain or dinitrophenol and increased progressively as phosphate concentration was raised between 0.5 and 10 mM. At pH 6.2 in the absence of exogenous CO2 and HCO3-, JP was undectable. With 2.5 mM HCO3- and 5% CO2 at pH 6.5, JP was 61.3 +/- 16.0 and decreased to 30.6 +/- 1.6 nmol . 8 cm-2 . h-1 when pH was raised to 7.2 by increasing HCO3- to 10 mM. At pH 6.5 JP was inhibited by both ouabain and dinitrophenol. These results suggest that at acidic pH, JP results from the tranport of H2PO4-. The transport of H2PO4- is CO2 dependent and inhibited by ouabain and dinitrophenol. In contrast, at alkaline pH, JP results from the transport of HPO4(2-), which is neither CO2 dependent nor inhibited by ouabain or dinitrophenol. PMID- 7356020 TI - Renal concentrating defect in the hypokalemic rat is prostaglandin independent. AB - The renal concentrating defect in the hypokalemic rat is prostaglandin independent. The present study was undertaken to test whether the renal concentrating defect in potassium-depleted rats is at least in part mediated by prostaglandins. Rats on a K-deficient (n = 12) and K-supplemented (n = 12) diet underwent a urinary concentrating test before and after prostaglandin inhibition with indomethacin. The drug did not alter maximal urinary osmolality in normokalemic rats. Likewise, the abnormal maximal urinary osmolality of K depleted rats was not improved by prostaglandin inhibition (1,533 +/- 124 before and 1,475 +/- 88 mosmol/kg H2O after indomethacin). Control animals receiving a blank diluent instead of indomethacin showed no change in maximal concentrating ability between equally timed dehydration tests. Indomethacin caused no significant alterations in blood urea nitrogen or creatinine. Direct measurements of renal medullary prostaglandings revealed no difference between K-depleted (22.9 +/- 4.4 pg/mg) and normokalemic (23.6 +/- 2.3 pg/mg) rats. Indomethacin significantly and comparably lowered prostaglandin content in both K-depleted and normokalemic rats. These studies, therefore, reveal no enhancement of prostaglandin synthesis with K depletion and demonstrate that the renal concentrating defect of K depletion in the rats is prostaglandin independent. PMID- 7356021 TI - Bulk flow of brain interstitial fluid under normal and hyperosmolar conditions. AB - Although bulk flow of brain interstitial fluid (ISF) occurs with changes in hydrostatic and osmotic pressures, under normal conditions only diffusion of molecules in the ISF has been reported. Extrachoroidal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production and intracerebral injection studies, however, provide indirect evidence for the bulk flow of ISF under normal conditions. We studied tissue penetration profiles of an extracellular molecule in gray and white matter after 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-h ventriculocisternal perfusions. Gray matter apparent diffusion coefficients were similar at different times as expected with diffusion; however, white matter coefficients decreased significantly with time, suggesting bulk flow of ISF. White matter data was reanalyzed for both bulk flow and diffusion; we calculated a diffusion coefficient of 3.00 x 10(-6) cm2/s and a velocity for ISF of 10.5 micrometers/min toward the ventricle. Additional animals were given 20% mannitol (1.5--3 g/kg) intravenously prior to a /-h ventriculocisternal perfusion. Mannitol produced a significant bulk flow of ISF away from the ventricle in gray matter. We estimate that 30% of extrachoroidal CSF production is from flow of ISF in white matter. PMID- 7356022 TI - Improved renal cortical tubule suspension: spectrophotometric study of O2 delivery. AB - An improved cortical tubule suspension from the rabbit kidney is described that contains almost entirely proximal convoluted tubules with little contamination by cellular debris or glomeruli. These tubules appear to be capable of active transepithelial transport, since their tubular lumina are open and ouabain inhibits 70% of the QO2. In previous preparations with closed tubular lumina, ouabain inhibited QO2 only 40% and the base-line QO2 was one-half to one-quarter that of the present preparation. The delivery of oxygen to this tubule suspension was compared to that of slices by three different means: oxygen consumption kinetics, ATP content, and, more directly by spectrophotometric monitoring of the redox state of cytochrome oxidase. Results demonstrate that the cortical slice is evidently oxygen deficient even when the bath PO2 is in excess of 570 mmHg. In contrast, the tubule suspension is shown to be adequately oxygenated even at a bath PO2 of 10 mmHg. This tubule suspension will be highly applicable for the analysis of aerobic metabolism in a functionally intact renal preparation by optical, electrode, and biochemical assay technologies. PMID- 7356023 TI - Dissociative effects of piretanide on proximal tubular PO4 and HCO3 transport. AB - The effect of piretanide on renal electrolyte transport was evaluated by simultaneous micropuncture and clearance studies. In chronically thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) dogs, the drug caused an increased percentage excretion (%E) of sodium (from 0.6 +/- 0.1 to 15.2 +/= 1.8%, P less than 0.01) as well as of calcium (from 1.0 +/- 0.2 to 17.8 +/- 1.7%, P less than 0.001) and bicarbonate (from 1.2 +/- 0.4 to 5.9 +/- 0.9, P less than 0.001), but there was no change in %E of phosphate (4.0 +/- 0.9 to 6.6 +/- 1.6, P less than 0.10). In the presence of a constant infusion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) the drug caused a greater degree of natriuresis, calciuria, and bicarbonaturia and a significant increase in %E of PO4 (from 7.4 +/- 1.6 to 20.0 +/- 2.1, P less than 0.05). Proximal fractional reabsorption (PFR) of PO4 was unaffected, but there was a significant decrease in PFR of sodium, calcium, and bicarbonate in the TPTX dogs. The presence of PTH did not alter the effects of piretanide on PFR of phosphate and bicarbonate. There was no change in urinary or tubular fluid pH in either group of dogs. These data indicate that piretanide dissociates proximal PO4 transport from that of sodium and bicarbonate. In the presence of PTH, the drug inhibits PO4 transport beyond the late proximal convoluted tubule. In addition, tubular (and urinary) pH appears to be an important regulator of PO4 transport, especially in the absence of PTH. PMID- 7356025 TI - A physiological model for hepatic metabolism of transferrin-bound iron. AB - Hepatic iron and transferrin uptake following intravenous injection of purified native rat transferrin has been studied in the rat. Livers were removed at varying time intervals postinjection and were fractionated by isopycnic density gradient centrifugation. Neither 59Fe or 125I (labeling transferrin) appeared in the lysosomal or mitochrondrial fractions at any stage up to 14 days. 59Fe first appears in the supernatant zone of the sucrose gradient and with increasing time postinjection passes through regions of increasing density. By 16 h 59Fe became established at a density of 1.10 g/cm3 and it was identified as ferritin. Ferritin persisted labeled with 59Fe for up to 14 days. The study suggests hepatic iron uptake does not involve endocytosis. Iron is incorporated into ferritin of increasing density. This model can be used for the study of iron metabolism in human biopsy samples. PMID- 7356024 TI - Bile acid structure and bile formation: a comparison of hydroxy and keto bile acids. AB - The effect of four bile acids, taurocholic (TC), taurochenodeoxycholic (TCDC), tauro-3 alpha,7 alpha-dihydroxy-12-keto-5 beta-cholanoic (T12K), and cholic (C), on bile lipid and water secretion was studied in the bile fistula cat over a 20 fold range of bile acid secretion rates. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) and lecithin-solubilizing capacity of TC, TCDC, and T12K were measured in vitro. T12K and C produced a greater choleresis than TC or TCDC; phospholipid secretion was strikingly reduced with T12K; and cholesterol secretion strikingly increased with TCDC, with a high cholesterol-phospholipid ratio. The estimated CMCs of TC, TCDC, and T12K were 3.3, 0.7, and 6.2 mM respectively; the relative lecithin-solubilizing capacities were 4.4:2.6:1. We conclude that the micellar characteristics of the bile acids studied do not explain the differences in water and lipid secretion observed, and that effects within the hepatocyte may be equally important. PMID- 7356026 TI - Effects of sulfation patterns on intestinal transport of bile salt sulfate esters. AB - The absorption of 14C-labeled 3 alpha-, the 7 alpha- and the 3 alpha,7 alpha sulfate esters of taurochenodeoxycholate by guinea pig small intestine was studied using in vivo and in vitro preparations. In vivo ileal perfusions showed that sulfation markedly decreased uptake by the ileal bile salt transport system and that the position and number of the sulfate radicals affected the degree of transport inhibition. The following relationships were found: transport of taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDC) greater than TCDC-3-sulfate greater than TCDC-7 sulfate greater than TCDC-3,7-disulfate with a decrease of approximately 90% between each pair. In vitro, jejunal perfusions demonstrated that sulfation also decreased passive flux. By use of an everted gut sac technique, the ability of ileum to move the sulfated bile salts against a concentration gradient was measured. Under these conditions transport of TCDC-3-sulfate was minimal, and that of the 7-sulfate and 3,7-disulfate was not observed. In view of the reported increased levels of sulfated bile salts after total or partial biliary tract obstruction, our results support the concept of sulfation as an adaptive mechanism for enhancing fecal elimination of bile salts. PMID- 7356027 TI - Effects of sodium nitroprusside and verapamil on lower esophageal sphincter. AB - Infusions of verapamil (V) and sodium nitroprusside (NP) caused dose-dependent reductions in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) in anesthetized opossums. Verapamil caused a gradual fall during the infusion and a gradual recovery upon cessation of the infusion. On the other hand, NP caused a prompt reduction and a prompt recovery. Both the agents also caused a fall in arterial blood pressure, but the fall in LESP was not related to the fall in the blood pressure. Both the agents antagonized the tonic and the phasic components of the LESP and, in large doses, both drugs almost abolished the LESP. Esophageal contractions were also antagonized by both agents, although verapamil was more effective than nitroprusside in this regard. These studies show that phasic and tonic components of LESP are not related to distinctive verapamil and nitroprusside sensitive calcium activation systems. Moreover, the V- and NP sensitive calcium activation systems may lie in series rather than parallel. PMID- 7356028 TI - Changing negative inotropic effect of acetylcholine in maturing canine cardiac muscle. AB - The effect of maturation on the contractile response to acetylcholine was studied in canine right atrial and right ventricular trabeculae. At any age the only inotropic response observed was negative. The decrease in contractile performance was always significantly greater in the atrial trabecula. Between 3 and 9 mo of age (12 dogs each group) there was a significant increase in the amount of negative inotropic action exerted by identical concentrations of acetylcholine. These data suggest that either the number of muscarinic receptors or the target cell response to acetylcholine increases during maturation. PMID- 7356029 TI - Helically cut vascular strip preparation: geometrical considerations. AB - The present study examines certain constraints associated with the use of helically cut strips obtained from the rat aorta. The angle (phi) at which a strip is cut from a vessel segment is intimately related to the strip width as well as the vessel circumference. Quantitatively, the relationship can be expressed by the equation cos phi = strip width/vessel circumference. To obtain strips of equal width from vessels of different diameters, the angle (phi) at which the strips are cut must differ. The stress developed by vascular strips was found to be a function of phi. Strips cut transverse to the long axis developed approximately 20 times more stress than strips cut parallel to the long axis. Strips cut at other angles developed intermediate stresses. This study demonstrates that helically cut strips lend themselves to artifact with respect to the tension-generating capacity of vascular smooth muscle if the geometrical considerations of strip width, vessel diameter, and the pitch of the helix are ignored. PMID- 7356030 TI - Effect of damaged ends in papillary muscle preparations. AB - The mechanical characteristics of the central segment of isolated cat papillary muscle were determined with recently developed equipment. Two small sharpened stainless steel pins, inserted transversely through the muscle, were used to mark the ends of a segment not damaged by attachments. Installation of the pins did not affect the performance of the muscle. The distance between the pins was measured and controlled to produce isometric and afterloaded isotonic contractions of the segment of the muscle between the pins. Data from such contractions were compared with traditional whole muscle measurements made on the same preparation. The isometric length-tension curve of the central segment was significantly higher than that of the whole muscle, and there was no plateau of developed force at long lengths in five of six muscles studied. In the resting state, the segment was more compliant than the whole muscle for physiologic lengths and much stiffer for longer lengths. Segment velocity and shortening were significantly higher than whole muscle velocity and shortening at comparable loads. PMID- 7356031 TI - Overdrive suppression of automaticity in cultured chick myocardial cells. AB - Overdrive suppression in automatic cells and postdrive hyperpolarization in quiescent cells were examined in cultured embryonic chick heart cells. Cells were enzymatically separated from 3-day-old whole hearts and from 16-day-old atria and ventricles. The dispersed cells were allowed to reaggregate into small spheres (aneural) and maintained in culture for 1--4 wk. Quiescent reaggregates (all ventricular reaggregates and some of the atrial) demonstrated postdrive transient hyperpolarization of up to 5 mV. The spontaneously beating reaggregates (some of the atrial and all of the 3-day-old hearts) demonstrated overdrive suppression of automaticity. The faster the predrive spontaneous firing rate, the shorter was the overdrive suppression period. Prolongation of the drive period increased the duration of the overdrive suppression. The time courses of recovery from both overdrive suppression and postdrive hyperpolarization were similar. Atropine (10( 5) M) did not affect the phenomena. Ouabain (10(-6) M) reduced the postdrive hyperpolarization and shortened the duration of overdrive suppression. It was concluded that overdrive suppression and postdrive hyperpolarization a) occur in cultured chick ventricular and atrail cells; b) occur in early embryonic stages of development; c) occur independently of cholinergic receptors; d) are dependent on stimulation of an elecrogenic Na-K pump. PMID- 7356032 TI - Capillary recruitment in exercise: rate, extent, uniformity, and relation to blood flow. AB - Erythrocyte-containing capillaries were counted in dog gracilis muscles freeze clamped at rest and after twitch contraction at 4/s. In each of 21 muscles, 6--8 blocks were examined at -70 degrees C without fixation or staining; 15 fields were counted per block. Frequency analysis of capillaries per field based on the negative binomial distribution indicated that capillary density at rest was controlled by arterioles. Active vasomotion of these arterioles was "switched off" within 5 s after onset of exercise. Capillary density was then determined passively by stochastic rheologic factors acting at the individual capillaries. Thus exercise changes the site and the mechanism of capillary control. Recruitment occurred first where capillary density was lowest, and was complete in 15 s; this greatly decreased the heterogeneity of capillary spacing. Mean capillary density increased 1.5- to 3-fold, whereas flow increased almost 7-fold. Calculated mean velocity and mean transit time of erythrocytes in capillaries were 1.1 mm/s and 920 ms at rest and 4.2 mm/s and 215 ms after 3 min of exercise. PMID- 7356033 TI - Validation of dynamic radiography in the dog and evaluation of ischemic dyssynergy. AB - If a collimated radiation detector (sodium iodide crystal) and a collimated X-ray source are positioned at right angles, scattered radiation will be sensed and the detector will generate a signal as tissue enters and leaves the "sensitive volume" formed by the intersection of the field of view of the detector and incident beam. This technique, called dynamic radiography, was used to identify and quantify the components of epicardial motion in anesthetized open-chested dogs. The data so obtained were validated by two independent optical methods: biplane cinematography and a technique that measures the shadow cast by the heart using a light beam-cadmium sulfide photocell. Displacement measured by dynamic radiography appeared to be the time integral of the scalar product of the velocity vector and the vector normal to the surface area within the sensitive volume, i.e., that component of displacement of myocardial mass that was perpendicular to the surface of the myocardium. In other words, the dynamic radiographic signal was proportional to the mass of tissue within the sensitive volume. Good agreement in terms of absolute motion, its direction, and phase was noted between predicted dynamic radiographic signals and those observed. Thus validated, this technique was found to be reliable in quantifying motion abnormalities produced by acute coronary ligation. PMID- 7356035 TI - Effects of active shortening on tension development of rabbit papillary muscle. AB - Duration and intensity of force development have been shown to be less during active muscle shortening than during isometric contraction. The purpose of this study was to compare force developed during controlled shortening with that predicted by the Frank-Starling relation. Paillary muscles from the right ventricles of rabbits were arranged for isometric tension recording, and isometric contractions were recorded at several lengths. The muscles were then permitted to shorten at velocities of 0.2--6 mm/s, shortening beginning 150--200 ms after the stimulus. Length-tension-time curves constructed from the isometric contractions were used to determine predicted shortening tension (Pp), which was compared with actual tension during shortening (Ps) at corresponding times and lengths. Ps was significantly less than Pp and the ratio Ps/Pp decreased with increasing velocity of shortening. The decrease in Ps/Pp was directly related to the duration of shortening (P less than 0.001), suggesting that the fall of shortening tension reflected both the Hill force-velocity relation and shortening deactivation. PMID- 7356034 TI - Cytoplasmic control of DNA synthesis by myocardial nuclei. AB - In vitro DNA synthesis by isolated myocardial nuclei declines rapidly during postnatal growth. To study the mechanism(s) responsible for this decline, cytoplasmic extracts (CE) were prepared from isolated rat myocytes at different times after birth. CE from 2-day-old rats stimulated in vitro DNA synthesis by myocardial nuclei from adult (6 mo old) rats (55 +/- 6 pmol[3H]dTMP . mg DNA-1 . 15 min-1 vs. 32 +/- 4 pmol [3H]dTMP . mg DNA-1 . 15 min-1 in untreated controls, P less than 0.01). The ability of cytoplasmic extracts of stimulate DNA synthesis decreased with age, from 73 +/- 9% over controls at age 2 days to 18 +/- 6 at 28 days; adult myocytes were essentially ineffective. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that CE-directed DNA synthesis was replicative and discontinuous. CE stimulatory activity was heat-labile, nondialyzable, trypsin-sensitive, and distinct from DNA polymerases. The results indicate that a) adult myocyte nuclei can be induced to synthesize DNA by cytoplasmic extracts from neonatal rats, and b) that absence of regulatory cytoplasmic factor(s) may, in part, explain the age dependent decline in myocardial DNA synthesis. PMID- 7356036 TI - Control of fetal cardiac output during changes in blood volume. AB - Changes in cardiac output (Qco), heart rate, right atrial pressure, (Pra), and mean systemic pressure (Pms) in response to blood volume changes were measured in chronically prepared fetal sheep. With a 10% decrease in blood volume, fetal cardiac output, measured with the microsphere technique, decreased significantly from 592 +/- 28 to 471 +/- 32 ml . min-1 . kg-1. Heart rate changed little from control animals (163 +/- 5) to those with decreased volume (161 +/- 10 beats/min). Right atrial pressure decreased significantly from 5.4 +/- 0.4 to 4.2 +/- 0.6 mmHg. Mean systemic pressure decreased from 13.8 +/- 0.3 to 10.5 +/- 0.6 mmHg. With a 10% increase in fetal blood volume, cardiac output rose insignificantly to 632 +/- 38 ml . min-1 . kg-1. However, right atrial pressure increased significantly to 8.9 +/- 0.6 mmHg and mean systemic pressure increased significantly to 16.5 +/- 0.8 mmHg with the increased volume. Heart rate again changed little (153 +/- 9 beats/min). The fact that cardiac output rose only a small amount, whereas right atrial pressure rose sharply with an increased blood volume, suggests that the fetal heart is operating near the upper limit of its Starling function curve. As a result, there is very limited cardiac reserve for increases in fetal cardiac output. PMID- 7356037 TI - Preservation of ischemic myocardium by pinane thromboxane A2. AB - Pinane thromboxane A2 (PTA2), a thromboxane A2 analog has been shown to antagonize the vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation induced by thromboxane A2, in addition to specifically inhibiting thromboxane synthetase. Because thromboxane A2 generation would be detrimental in acute myocardial ischemia (MI) by both decreasing coronary blood flow and increasing platelet aggregation, inhibition of thromboxane production and action may be beneficial in myocardial ischemia. In pentobarbital-anesthetized cats, the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated, and PTA2 (0.5 mumol . kg-1 . h-1) or a Na2CO3 vehicle was infused 30 min post-MI for 270 min. Compared to vehicle-treated MI cats, PTA2 prevented the increase in plasma thromboxane levels seen at 2 through 5 h (P less than 0.005 at 2 through 5 h) and prevented the large increase in plasma CK activities at 4 and 5 h (P less than 0.025). In addition, PTA2 treatment abolished the differences in myocardial CK activities between ischemic and nonischemic regions and prevented the decrease in percent-bound cathepsin D in the ischemic region. Moreover, ECG analysis revealed a decreased incidence of premature beats in PTA2-treated MI cats as compared to MI-vehicle cats. In summary, these data indicate that PTA2 protects the ischemic myocardium and provide further evidence that inhibition of thromboxane formation, in addition to antagonism of its activity, is beneficial during the early stages of acute myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7356038 TI - Role of carotid sinus and cardiopulmonary reflexes on left ventricular dP/dt in cats. AB - Interaction between vagally mediated cardiopulmonary receptors and carotid sinus baroreceptors was studied in regard to cardiac contractility in anesthetized cats using vagal cold block and carotid occlusion. Cold block of the vagi produced a small but significant increase in left ventricular dP/dt and in arterial pressure. Carotid occlusion caused a greater increase in both parameters. The effects of each of these individual procedures were significantly greater when either intervention was tested in combination with the other. Cardiac sympathectomy reduced but did not abolish the reflex increase in cardiac contractility due to either procedure. Subsequent beta-adrenergic blockade eliminated the reflex change in the contractility. The study demonstrates that 1) both cardiopulmonary and carotid sinus baroreceptors participate in the neural control of cardiac contractility with the latter's role being dominant; 2) there is an apparent interaction between the two reflex mechanisms in which one reflex system acts to compensate the other's effects. PMID- 7356039 TI - Analysis of cardiac kinetics: use of a new photo-optic technique. AB - The photokymograph (PKG) is a new noninvasive instrument that can record segmental myocardial wall motion from self-illuminated images such as are produce; by fluoroscopy, cine ventriculography, two-dimensional sonography, and 99mTc scintigraphy. The PKG can be calibrated to provide amplitude of myocardial tissue motion. The recordings of segmental wall motion obtained closely resemble those recorded by established techniques, both during control state and during ischemic episodes. Regression analysis was performed to compare PKG recordings with frame by frame analysis of left ventriculograms (0.98) and with M-mode echo derived from two-dimensional images (r = 0.97). The PKG has some distinct advantages over existing techniques used to analyze segmental wall motion: it is inexpensive, usable simultaneously over multiple areas, analyzes individual beats, and is not restricted to any particular myocardial wall or any particular angle of motion. PMID- 7356040 TI - Two minds about brain asymmetries. PMID- 7356041 TI - Regulation of body volume by salivation in a tick challenged with fluid loads. AB - Injection into the hemolymph of 1.2% NaCl, 11.2% sucrose, 2.3% urea (all approximately isosmotic to hemolymph), or distilled water induced salivary fluid secretion in the ixodid tick Amblyomma hebraeum Koch. Saline gave the largest response at high doses. Injection of hyperosmotic NaCL into the hemolymph did not induce salivation but led to the drinking of distilled water in amounts sufficient to dilute the salt load to isosmolarity. Atropine only partially inhibited salivation induced by NaCl, sucrose, and distilled water. Reserpine markedly inhibited salivation induced by NaCl. We propose that at least two sensory pathways (one cholinergic, one not) converge on the secretory nerve. The physiological significance of the cholinergic pathway is not known. The other pathway probably mediates the regulation of hemolymph volume, possibly via stretch receptors, but its transmitter is not known. PMID- 7356042 TI - Water balance in the California newt, Taricha torosa. AB - Both dehydration to 87% of original body weight (Wo) and arginine vasotocin (AVT: 20 mU/g) elicited rapid weight gains (ca. 9% of Wo in the 1st h) when terrestrial phase T. torosa were given access to water. In each case, net weight gain resulted from increased integumental osmosis and antidiuresis. Mesotocin (0.001 - 0.1 micrograms/g) elicited modest but significant weight gains (ca. 1%/h) caused solely by increased integumental osmosis. Integumental water uptake from wet moss was 66% that of totally immersed animals. Water movement from ventral to dorsal body surface occurred along channels on the skin. Urinary bladder storage capacities in excess of 50% of Wo were observed. Following AVT administration, bladder water resorption increased significantly, while glomerular filtration rate dropped to 16% of control values. The structural and physiological adaptations for water balance in T. torosa are comparable to those found in some terrestrial anurans. PMID- 7356043 TI - Universal eating monitor for continuous recording of solid or liquid consumption in man. AB - A universal eating monitor has been developed that permits covert continuous weighing of a subject's plate or other food reservoir by means of a concealed electronic balance. By coupling the device with a digital computer, it is possible to record precisely the amount consumed every 3 s throughout a single course meal consisting of a relatively homogeneous mixture of foods. The monitor have been used to compare total intake, meal duration, initial rate of intake, and deceleration of intake in human subjects ingesting either a solid or liquid version of the same food after 3 or 6 h without food. It was found that the liquid form was eaten faster than the solid form, but that total amounts consumed in each form were not significantly different. These results suggest that when the rate of consumption is controlled by the physical consistency of the food, the amount eaten is not determined by the rate of consumption alone. Further studied are necessary to determine the relative roles of visual cues and interoceptive signals on quantity eaten. PMID- 7356044 TI - Computer simulation of ventilatory control by both neural and humoral CO2 signals. AB - A mathematical model portraying a humoral signal derived from time-dependent variations in arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) and a neural signal proportional to the metabolic CO2 production was tested by computer simulation. The signals were assumed to enter the central mechanism through afferent pathways connected in reciprocal inhibition. The central mechanism, previously described, contained proportional, gradient, and positive feedback components. The model simulates steady-state isocapnic hyperpnea under endogenous CO2 load and hyperpnea proportional to PaCO2 under exogenous CO2 load. This behavior is consistent whether the neural signal is present alone, the humoral signal is present alone, or both are present and synergistic. When the neural and humoral signals are opposed hypocapnia and hyperventilation ensue; the values being consistent with the isometabolic hyperbola. The model also portrays steady-state behavior when CO2 is inhaled during exercise. During hypometabolic states of rest the mechanism appears to become insensitive to PaCO2 levels. PMID- 7356045 TI - General systems theory, brain organization, and early experiences. AB - Three hypothetical brain processes--interhemispheric coupling, hemispheric activation, and interhemispheric inhibition--are derived from an equation characterizing general systems theory. To investigate these processes, experimental rats were reared under differing early experience conditions. When adult, they had their right or left neocortex lesioned, had a sham operation, or were left undisturbed. Interhemispheric coupling was measured by means of a correlation coefficient between the right and left hemispheres. The presence of a significant positive correlation is taken as evidence of a negative feedback loop between the hemispheres. In one experimental population, in which rats did not receive any extra stimulation in infancy, the correlation was not significantly different from zero, thus implying that the two hemispheres were operating independently. In another population, in which rats had received handling stimulation in infancy, the correlation coefficient was significant (0.543), indicating that the hemispheres were coupled in a systems arrangement. The processes of hemispheric activation and interhemispheric inhibition were assessed by comparing the mean performance of the two unilateral lesion groups and the group with intact brain. The two rat populations had different forms of brain organizations as measured by these processes. These analyses show that the behavior of the isolated hemisphere cannot be directly extrapolated to the behavior of the connected hemisphere. If there is hemispheric coupling via a negative feedback loop or if there is interhemispheric inhibition, then the disconnected hemisphere may show behaviors that are not evident in the normal connected condition. PMID- 7356046 TI - Water balance in embryos of Fundulus heteroclitus and F. bermudae in seawater. AB - The purpose of this study is to examine the mechanisms of osmoregulation in embryos of Fundulus heteroclitus and F. bermudae. The turnover rate of tritiated water in intact embryos of F. heteroclitus increases from 0.05 to 0.013 h-1 at 4 days to 0.12 +/- 0.030 h-1 at 7 days and to 0.18 +/- 0.060 h-1 at 10 days, corresponding to estimated diffusional water permeabilities of 0.4, 1.0, and 1.6 x 10(-6) cm . s-1, respectively. These values are low when compared to other organisms but not sufficiently low to maintain embryos in water balance. The osmolality of the embryonic extracellular fluids decreases during development from 362 +/- 9.2 mosmol . kg-1 at 4 days to 344 +/- 6.9 mosmol . kg-1 at 10 days. Water loss is balanced by drinking seawater at a rate of 600 pl . mg-1 . h-1 for 7- to 8-day embryos. The embryo possesses a pair of branchial chambers that communicate anteriorly with the pharynx through embryonic gill slits and posteriorly with the perivitelline space by means of pores. In the absence of a mouth it is probably through these pores that seawater is injested. PMID- 7356047 TI - Salt balance in embryos of Fundulus heteroclitus and F. bermudae adapted to seawater. AB - 22Na+ and 36Cl- tracer flux experiments of embryos of Fundulus heteroclitus show that a significant influx and efflux of Na+ and Cl- occur during development. The average influx for Na+ and Cl-, respectively, are 5.0 +/- 0.76 and 1.1 +/- 0.1 nmol . mg-1 . h-1. The average effluxes are 4.9 +/- 0.95 and 3.0 +/- 0.01 nmol . mg-1 . h-1 for Na+ and Cl-, respectively. The electrical potential across the embryonic cavity epithelium of F. heteroclitus and F. bermudae is 50 +/- 1.7 mV and 40 +/- 1.3 mV, respectively (inside positive). Diluting the artificial seawater bathing medium with distilled water decreases the potential across the embryonic cavity of F. bermudae to -11 +/- 5.0 mV at 5% artificial seawater. Because in seawater the potential across the embryonic cavity epithelium is inside positive, the efflux of Cl- is against its electrical potential gradient indicating an active extrusion mechanism for Cl-. The site of the active extrusion mechanism for chloride is located in the yolk sac where chloride cells associated with blood vessels are common. PMID- 7356048 TI - Cardiac receptors in ducks: the effect of their stimulation and blockade on diving bradycardia. PMID- 7356049 TI - Nucleus accumbens to globus pallidus GABA projection subserving ambulatory activity. AB - The present experiments investigated the hypothesis of a projection relating to the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from the nucleus accumbens to the globus pallidus subserving ambulatory activity in the rat. The GABA antagonist picrotoxin, microinjected into the globus pallidus, elicited dose-dependent increases in ambulatory activity. The administration of dopamine into the nucleus accumbens had a synergistic effect and further stimulated ambulatory activity. GABA injected into the ventral posterior globus pallidus significantly attenuated the ambulatory activity stimulated by injecting dopamine into the nucleus accumbens. These observations provide evidence of a GABAergic projection from the nucleus accumbens to the globus pallidus and implicate it in the initiation of ambulatory activity. PMID- 7356050 TI - On the anatomic relation of choroid plexus to brain: a comparative study. AB - The size of choroid plexuses and cerebral ventricles relative to brain varies widely among vertebrates. The functional significance of this variability has attracted little attention since Herrick's original proposal that large choroid plexuses might enhance oxygen delivery to the brain and therefore be of adaptive value in the transition of vertebrates from water to air breathing. We compared choroid plexus and brain weight or ventricular and brain volume in 40 species from nine vertebrate groups. Both choroid plexus weight and ventricular volume were unrelated to brain size. Plexus weight ranged from 0 to 5.2% of brain weight and ventricular volume from 0.9 to 132% of brain volume. Amid this diversity the dipnoans, chondrosteans, holosteans, amphibians, and crossopterygian examined in this study are exceptional in uniformly having large plexuses. The adaptive significance of large choroid plexuses may lie in the presence of specific homeostatic mechanisms and their role in the response to the increases in PCO2 that accompany the transition to air breathing. PMID- 7356051 TI - Fat-free mass, total body water, and intracellular water in the aged rat. AB - Total body water (TBW) and intracellular water (ICW = TBW minus extracellular water), when related to fat-free body mass (FFB), were recently observed to remain stable in healthy aged men and women. To expand these findings, a group of male Sprague-Dawley rats was followed from weaning to death. The design minimized several perturbations common to aging studies. At about 100-day intervals from 297 to 888 days, representative animals were killed for chemical studies. TBW/FFB was stable from 362 to 715 days, then significantly higher at 800 and 888 days. Extracellular water content of the fat-free body (ECW/FFB) increased significantly during middle life (362--579 days), then remained stable through 888 days. Changes of ICW/FFB were not significant. Aside from a uniquely higher value at 638 days, protein content did not differ significantly at any age. The stability of these major constituents suggested approximate maintenance of cell mass in healthy rats at late ages, a conclusion supported by additional observations of this colony and of an aged human population. We are unable to confirm the hypothesis that loss of FFB is part of the normal aging process. PMID- 7356052 TI - Regulation of nucleic acid synthesis in Artemia salina nauplii by environmental salinity. AB - Ribonucleic acid synthesis in Artemia salina nauplii was strongly inhibited by increasing salinity in the surrounding media, as measured by incorporation of tritiated uridine. Although precursor pools varied in both concentration and specific activity with increasing salinity, these changes did not account for the reduction in ribonucleic acid synthesis. Low levels of oxygen at high salt concentrations did not account for this effect. Intracellular ATP concentrations decreased as the salinity of the environment was increased. Levels of ATP were not affected either by increased oxygen or by the presence of ouabain in the medium. PMID- 7356053 TI - Sex differentiation of t-e circadian system in the golden hamster. AB - The effect of estradiol benzoate (EB) on free-running circadian activity rhythms was studied in gonadectomized hamsters maintained in constant dim illumination. EB shortened the period (tau) of the female, but not of the male circadian activity rhythm. Responsiveness of the circadian system to EB was subject to sexual differentiation. The circadian period of wheel running by female hamsters given a single injection of testosterone propionate on the day of birth did not shorten in response to EB in adulthood. This failure to respond to EB also was observed in normal male hamsters, and was different from the response shown by normal females. Preliminary data suggest that tau of the activity rhythm of males castrated on the day of birth is shortened during EB treatment in adulthood. The differential effects of estradiol on tau are related to anatomic differences between the sexes in neural connections of the substrate for circadian rhythms. PMID- 7356054 TI - Continuing certification and continuing education. AB - The authors review the guidelines of the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) for recertification and the approaches of various medical specialty boards, including internal medicine, pathology, and family practice, toward implementing periodic recertification. At a time when psychiatry has an increasingly close alliance with the other medical specialties, it is important that this issue receive serious consideration. Close collaboration between APA and the ABPN on the recertification process assures that any procedures developed will be in keeping with psychiatrists' wishes and needs, while meeting the responsibility for public accountability. PMID- 7356055 TI - Geriatric psychiatry training: a brief clinical rotation. AB - Burgeoning interest in geriatric psychiatry has created a challenge of optimally fitting geriatric content into already crowded psychiatric residency curricula. The authors review general considerations in geriatric psychiatry training and describe a brief clinical rotation for working with the elderly. The brief rotation is not presented as the ideal way of imparting geriatric psychiatry skills, but as an effective use of limited time to improve one's approach to the older patient. The clinical rotation enables the resident to learn more about psychiatric issues in later life, as well as to acquire a better perspective on other parts of the life cycle and on other aspects of psychiatry. PMID- 7356056 TI - Career choices for the woman psychiatric resident. AB - The transition from residency to the active practice of psychiatry is a difficult, complex, and relatively unexplored one for both men and women. Women who have faced this transition have only recently begun to share experiences, problems, fantasies, and special knowledge. The authors illustrate career choices for women that have aspects which are different from those male residents must consider and which create transitional problems. They suggest two possible strategies to those who supervise women professionals during this transition. The first is an active counseling program at the end of residency training, adequately staffed by professional men and women. The second strategy for a new psychiatrist would be to participate in a continuing women's group. PMID- 7356057 TI - Time orientation and psychotherapy in the ghetto. AB - The ghetto resident's concern with immediate real and psychological survival leads to what Kluckhohn called a present-time cultural value orientation, in contrast to the middle-class time orientation, which values preparation for the future. The authors view several aspects of the psychotherapy of ghetto patients in the light of this difference: evaluating patients for long-term psychotherapy, understanding precipitating factors, and understanding the nature and urgency of patients' communications. The authors have observed behaviors as expressions of impulse rather than of culturally determined expectations that are projected onto the therapist. PMID- 7356058 TI - Linking general health and mental health systems of care: conceptual models of implementation. AB - Recent political and scientific developments have contributed to a growing recognition of the need to move mental health into the mainstream of general health service delivery. It is important to systematically approach the development of a range of conceptual models that could link these two systems. The author defines such linkage relationships in terms of three basic elements: contractual, functional, and educational. He describes six models and presents specific examples of each. He suggests the factors that should be examined to select the most effective model for a given context and presents future research needs in the field. PMID- 7356060 TI - In search of true freedom: drug refusal, involuntary medication, and "rotting with your rights on". PMID- 7356061 TI - Refusing treatment for mental illness: historical and ethical dimensions. AB - The author summarizes the historical bases for overzealous intervention by physicians, noting the tensions among medical technology, nature as a healing force, and the physician's warrant to treat. He discusses John Mill's On Liberty and Gerald Dworkin's "Paternalism" and suggests that there are times when the intervention should be withheld, but never the care. PMID- 7356059 TI - Insanity acquittals in New York State, 1965--1978. AB - The author presents data on the use of the insanity defense to provide a basis for current debates on its revision. Generally, the experience in New York State in 1976--1978 reflects an increasing number of insanity acquittals over 1965- 1976, but the characteristics and length of hospitalization of the defendants remained fairly similar. In addition, in some counties the defense was used often, but in others it was not used at all. The author suggests that similar, more sophisticated analyses of the actual operation of the insanity defense be carried out to establish an adequate basis for designing rational social policy. PMID- 7356062 TI - The psychiatrist's double bind: the right to refuse medication. AB - The assertion of a patient's right to refuse medication places a psychiatrist in a double bind because he or she knows that medication will often greatly relieve mental disturbance. Delaying medication until the patient is formally judged incompetent and a guardian appointed causes discomfort for the patient, the physician, staff, and other patients. On the other hand, forcing medication on a patient undermines the latter's sense of autonomy and may interfere with his or her constitutional rights, as a federal judge has ruled in the famous Boston State Hospital case. The right to refuse medication presents a uniquely intriguing case study of a need for accommodation between abstract constitutional concepts and practical realities and has opened a profound legal and ethical debate about the nature of "true freedom." PMID- 7356065 TI - Social and cultural perspectives on medication refusal. AB - The author reviews the sociocultural anthropology of medication refusal in relation to "compliance" and examines the social and cultural meaning of medication outside and within treatment. She suggests that these aspects of the medication experience provide the clinician with a deeper and needed understanding of both compliance and drug refusal. PMID- 7356064 TI - Legal guardianship in drug refusal: an illusory solution. AB - The use of legal guardianship appears to offer a ready resolution to the complex forensic issue of involuntary medication for psychiatric inpatients. The authors, with the aid of clinical examples, show that the gap between theory and practice may render this solution illusory and illustrate the profound complications for treatment introduced by the guardianship process itself. After examining the complexities of this problem, they consider alternative methods for preserving the patient's rights both to receive and to refuse medication. PMID- 7356063 TI - Drug refusal: a study of psychiatric inpatients. AB - The authors studied patients' refusal of medication during a three-month period on an inpatient service of a community mental health center. Although refusal of medication was common, most episodes were self-limited. Only 5 of 72 episodes seriously impaired patient care; each of these cases appeared to be delusionally motivated. Legal conceptions of a right to refuse treatment may not accurately portray the realities of the clinical situation, in which patients' refusal is determined by the dynamics of their illness rather than reflecting a principled exercise of their legal rights. PMID- 7356066 TI - Cerebellar pathology in schizophrenia: a controlled postmortem study. AB - In a morphometric study of the anterior cerebellar vermis of 47 brains in the Yakovlev collection, the area of the vermis of 5 of 12 brains of schizophrenic patients was smaller than that of any of 11 brains of control subjects without psychiatric or neurologic disease and 9 of 10 brains of control subjects with other psychiatric diagnoses (p less than .02). This finding confirms computerized tomography scan observations in live patients and supports the idea that some schizophrenic patients have structural abnormalities of the cerebellar vermis. PMID- 7356067 TI - GABA levels in CSF of patients with psychiatric disorders. AB - The authors measured gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the lumbar CSF of patients with depression, with psychosis, or undergoing evaluation for a neurologic disorder. GABA levels in the CSF from depressed patients were significantly decreased compared with neurologic control patients. CSF GABA levels in psychotic patients were not different from those in neurologic patients, although the data suggested a decrease in CSF GABA levels in patients with schizoaffective disorder. PMID- 7356068 TI - Recertification and child psychiatry. AB - Recertification raises a number of issues for the subspecialty of child psychiatry. The author discusses double jeopardy (i.e., examination in both the main and subspecialty areas), the use of multiple methodologies for achieving certification, and the problems of attaining evaluation and validity of the recertification process. PMID- 7356069 TI - Psychiatric and nonmedical decisions on commitment. AB - The civil commitment statutes of Oregon were changed in 1973 and 1975 to include nonphysician court examiners and public prosecutors in the commitment hearing. To evaluate the effect of these changes the authors compared the commitment decisions actually made by panels composed of two physicians with those made by panels with one physician and one nonphysician mental health professional. They also compared the commitment decisions made by six groups of medical and nonmedical people involved with the commitment process regarding five case vignettes. They found that decisions made by the nonmedical mental health professionals were not significantly different from those made by the psychiatric examiners. PMID- 7356070 TI - Clinical depression in alcoholism. PMID- 7356071 TI - Effect of methadone dosage on clonidine detoxification efficacy. PMID- 7356072 TI - Weight-dependent arrhythmia in a patient with anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7356073 TI - Rapid mood cycling and concomitant cortisol changes produced by cyproheptadine. PMID- 7356074 TI - A resignation. PMID- 7356075 TI - Euphemistic camouflage. PMID- 7356076 TI - Questioning the efficacy of combined therapy. PMID- 7356077 TI - Treating depression with amphetamines. PMID- 7356079 TI - Triiodothyronine, imipramine, and depression. PMID- 7356078 TI - Serial dexamethasone suppression tests in affective disorders. PMID- 7356080 TI - Computed tomography: cost containment misdirected. PMID- 7356081 TI - How to evaluate ambulatory medical care. PMID- 7356082 TI - Editor's report: the ethics of publication. PMID- 7356083 TI - Peer review checklist: reproducibility and validity of a method for evaluating the quality of ambulatory care. AB - This report describes the construction and evaluation fo a 35-item checklist used in performing peer review of ambulatory medical records. Scores obtained by using the checklist were evaluated for reproducibility. Ten reviewers, reviewing ten records on each of two occasions judged the records consistently item by item, 74 per cent of the time; 53 per cent greater than expected by chance (p less than 0.01). Pairs of reviewers, reviewing the same ten records, were consistent with one another, item by item, 72 per cent of the time; 35 per cent greater than expected by chance (p less than 0.05). Ten sick call patients were reexamined by an especially trained Reevaluation Physician who evaluated the quality with which they had been managed at the time of sick call. The medical records of the same ten patients were then reviewed with the Peer Review Checklist. The correlation between the quality scores obtained by the two methods were 0.72 and 0.74 on two trials. A correlation coefficient of 0.44 was found between the two evaluation methods when 89 cases were reviewed by a Peer Review panel composed of 10 different physicians. Peer Review Checklist scores correlated positively with scores obtained by using a series of disease specific protocols with explicit criteria. The correlations varied from 0.28 to 0.63 with six different disease specific protocols. PMID- 7356084 TI - Use and reported effectiveness of Tel-Med: a telephone health information system. AB - In January 1977, a Telephone Information System (Tel-Med) was begun in Winston Salem, North Carolina. A survey was conducted to determine how Tel-Med was meeting the community's need for health information and to see if program objectives were being met. Respondents in 3,005 randomly selected households were interviewed by telephone to determine user characteristics, user motivation, action taken, knowledge and information gained, and system improvements. A key finding indicated that larger percentages of adults with lower income and educational levels were not aware of the service than were the adults in upper income and educational levels. However, income and education are not related to use of Tel-Med among individuals who know of this service. This finding suggests that the poorer and lesser educated would use Tel-Med in a way similar to that of their more fortunate peers if efforts were made to inform them of the service. PMID- 7356085 TI - Respiratory symptoms and lung function in a sample of Vermont dairymen and industrial workers. AB - This study reviews the respiratory status of a sample of Vermont male dairy farmers, and a comparison group from industry, matched for age, sex and smoking. Survey instruments included a standardized questionnaire and simple pulmonary function tests. In general, past and present smokers had more respiratory symptoms than never-smokers; and farmers, in all smoking categories, reported symptoms with greater frequency than did their counterparts from industry. Forced vital capacity (FVC) tended to be lower among men with a history of smoking but, within each smoking category, dairymen and factory workers had very similar FVCs. Farmers who had never smoked or who were current cigarette users had lower FEV1/FVC (forced expiratory volume at one second/forced vital capacity) ratios than their controls from industry. Sixteen diarymen demonstrated precipitins to either Micropolyspora faeni (13) or Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, (3), but only one reported a constellation of symptoms compatible with farmer's lung disease. The estimated prevalence of antibodies to thermophilic actinomyces in this farm population was approximately 10 per cent. Although sample sizes were limited, dairymen from small farms tended to be older, have more respiratory symptoms, less satisfactory pulmonary function, and more serologic evidence of exposure to farmer's lung antigens than their counterparts from large farms. PMID- 7356086 TI - Use of automated record linkage to measure patient fertility after family planning service. AB - Record linkage was used to identify births in 1974 to patients who had received contraceptive services from public family planning clinics in metropolitan Atlanta. The record linkage methodology is described. Results indicated that patient educational level, age, contraceptive choice, and race were the factors most associated with subsequent patient fertility. Black teenage patients experienced the highest fertility. Patients age 20 years and over with some education beyond high school experienced approximately one-third the fertility of less-educated patients. The program effectiveness of the IUD and the Pill was substantially better than that of foam and condoms. Excluding teenagers, the program effectiveness of the IUD was better than the Pill. Changes in family planning services for high-risk patients may help them achieve their fertility control objectives. Linking family planning clinic records to official birth records as described in this study can help determine clinic success in meeting patient objectives. Other applications of record linkage are discussed briefly. PMID- 7356087 TI - The process of ambulatory care: a comparison of the hospital and the community health center. AB - In a study of 300 chronically ill patients who were referred from an outpatient department to community health centers in a public hospital district, we found that the number of visits made, the amount of medicine prescribed, and the number of tests ordered all increased markedly for those patients in the 6 months immediately following their referral. As a result, there was substantial increase in the charges incurred for their care. The care itself changed as well. The physicians at the centers on the whole differed from those at the hospital in the emphasis they placed upon various types of visits, medicines, and tests. There were also large differences among the community health centers along these dimensions. The findings indicate the difficulty of providing comparable care at a comparable cost within a large health care system. PMID- 7356089 TI - Public health: notes on the state of our union. The 1979 presidential address. PMID- 7356090 TI - The epidemic of endometrial cancer: a commentary. AB - Vital statistics show that a rise in incidence of endometrial cancer began in the mid-1960s on the West Coast of the United States. This rise was continuous and reached a peak in 1975. Elsewhere, incidence rates for endometrial cancer rose during the 1970s. It now seems evident that much of the rise in all areas of the country was due to replacement estrogen treatment. We estimated from data obtained from the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities-Professional Activity Study of Ann Arbor, Michigan, that over 15,000 cases of endometrial cancer were caused by replacement estrogens during the five-year period 1971- 1975 alone. This represents one of the largest epidemics of serious iatrogenic disease that has ever occurred in this country. With the substantial fall in estrogen sales starting in January 1976, there has been an associated decline in the incidence rates of endometrial cancer nationwide. PMID- 7356088 TI - Pancreatic cancer mortality in Louisiana. AB - As a preliminary step in the investigation of high pancreas-cancer mortality among White males in a cluster of Louisiana parishes, we examined 876 pairs of certificates of death which occurred in this area during 1960--75. The pancreas cancer death records were matched to controls by age, race, sex, year of death, and parish of residence. The odds ratios were increased about two-fold for workers in the oil refining and paper manufacturing industries, and slight elevations were seen among residents near refineries and food processing plants. Despite the limited residential and occupational information available on death certificates, this study suggests leads to environmental factors that can be further investigated by a case-control interview study in Louisiana. PMID- 7356092 TI - Selection of health insurance by an employee group in Northern California. AB - Enrollment trends for a large employee group were analyzed to determine the extent to which consumers chose Blue Cross or Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) health insurance under various premium differentials. Data were collected from employment records of six University of California campuses for the period 1967 to 1978. Enrollment in the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan (an HMO) more than doubled during this period while enrollment in Blue Cross remained relatively stable. This increased preference for Kaiser coverage was associated with a concurrent relative rise in costs to employees of Blue Cross coverage. These data suggest that consumers are sensitive to insurance costs, and that given the opportunity HMOs can compete effectively with traditional health insurance. PMID- 7356093 TI - Mutagenic activity in drinking water. AB - Drinking water samples concentrated by freeze drying were found to be mutagenic in a mammalian tissue culture assay using Chinese hamster embryonic lung cells (V79). The mutagenicity could be enhanced by the promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate. The water itself was also shown to contain promoting chemicals. The mutation frequency of cells pretreated with low levels of benzo(a)pyrene was increased following subsequent exposure to the concentrated water sample. Approaches to estimate the risk involved in exposure to present drinking water are proposed. PMID- 7356094 TI - Problems of case finding and data collection in ambulatory care settings. AB - The experience gained in a four-year ambulatory care study suggests that major problems of patient care data collection include: 1) Difficulties in obtaining listings of patients by diagnosis/condition that accurately reflect the actual practice experience; 2) Inaccurate coding or identification of the reason for patient visits; and 3) Inability to find the medical record within the system. Data presented here suggest there are certain regularities in completion rates characteristic of research sites and of diagnostic categories. PMID- 7356091 TI - Smoking and chronic respiratory symptoms: prevalence in male and female smokers. AB - The relationship between respiratory symptoms and smoking habits, according to sex, was studied in 899 adults (average age 39, 55 per cent male) in a Paris industrial medical center. The relative risk of having chronic bronchitis among smokers, compared to nonsmokers, was higher in females (3.3) than in males (1.6). The prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms, dyspnoea and wheezing was more closely associated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day in females than in males. No confounding factor was found to be responsible for these results. PMID- 7356095 TI - A comparison between carboxyhemoglobin and serum thiocyanate determinations as indicators of cigarette smoking. AB - Cigarette smoking histories were compared to carboxyhemoglobin and serum thiocyanate concentrations obtained from 426 smokers and 191 non-smokers. The mean levels of both carboxyhemoglobin and serum thiocyanate wefe significantly higher among cigarette smokers and correlated with number of cigarettes smoked per day. The specificity of both procedures was 81 per cent, and serum thiocyanate had a higher sensitivity (93 per cent vs. 83 per cent), making it potentially more suitable for use as an index of cigarette smoking. PMID- 7356096 TI - The immunization status of children in an HMO. AB - The immunization status of children within a well established Health Maintenance Organization is compared to data from 1973 and 1977 national surveys. The 1977 HMO data derive from a mail questionnaire survey and the 1973 data from the medical records. The HMO children are at less risk of diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, and measles while the opposite was true for rubella and mumps. The latter findings are related to earlier HMO policy, now modified. PMID- 7356098 TI - Recertification for medical specialists. PMID- 7356097 TI - Certificate-of-need programs, mechanisms. PMID- 7356099 TI - Canine gastric sling fibers: contractile properties. AB - The contractile properties of canine sling fibers and the longitudinal and circular muscles were characterized and compared. The longitudinal and circular muscles developed spontaneous contractions, but the sling fibers developed no spontaneous phasic contractions. The cholinergic receptors of all three muscles were excitatory. The alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors of the longitudinal and circular muscles were inhibitory, but the sling fiber alpha-adrenergic receptors were excitatory and the beta receptors inhibitory. Large concentrations of atrophine induced contractions of all three muscles. Some of the contractile properties of the sling fibers are more similar to those of the distal esophageal circular muscle than to those of the gastric longitudinal and circular muscles. The sling fibers together with the esophageal circular muscle may play an important role in the gastroesophageal sphincter mechanism. PMID- 7356100 TI - Mesenteric vascular disease. AB - Mesenteric vascular disease continues to be associated with an extremely high mortality. It is not necessarily a disease of old age: 20 of the 75 patients in our series were less than 60 years of age. In retrospect, earlier diagnosis and a more aggressive approach could have improved the survival rate of 17.3 percent. Surgeons have been slower to accept revascularization of the bowel compared with similar procedures in the extremities and other organs. A greater understanding of the disease and the benefits of surgery should yield better results. Early laparotomy with aortomesenteric grafting and planned resection 24 hours later, as used in one patient, is advocated as a useful technique. PMID- 7356101 TI - Gastric carcinoma after treatment of ulcer. AB - In a study comparing 1,496 gastric cancer patients with 1,496 matched control patients, gastrectomy or simple gastrojejunostomy for ulcer predisposed to gastric cancer whereas medical ulcer treatment did not. Gastric carcinomas after ulcer surgery appeared after age 50 years. The time interval between ulcer treatment and the appearance of gastric cancer gradually decreased as the patients' age approached 50 years. The selection of operated ulcer patients for gastroscopic evaluation should be based on age rather than sex, location of the ulcer, ulcer-cancer interval or type of ulcer operation. Gastroscopy was the most effective diagnostic tool in the management of such patients. PMID- 7356102 TI - Gastric carcinoma treated by chemotherapy after resection: a controlled study. AB - A prospective controlled study of combined chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, vinblastine and cyclophosphamide was conducted in 53 patients with radical resection for gastric carcinoma. The patients were divided into two groups, a control group of 26 patients and a chemotherapy group of 27 patients, that were similar in regard to age, sex, location of carcinoma, type of resection and pathologic findings. No significant differences in survival rate were observed between the control group and the chemotherapy groups. PMID- 7356103 TI - Ten year evaluation of posterior fundoplasty in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux: long-term and comparative study of 135 patients. AB - Results over a 5 to 10 year period in 135 patients with hiatal hernia treated surgically by posterior fundoplasty were compared with results in a similar group of 40 patients undergoing Nissen fundoplication. The final results demonstrate the effectiveness of both procedures to relieve gastroesophageal reflux. However, the collateral effects with posterior fundoplasty are considerably less than those with the Nissen fundoplication. The lower esophageal sphincter was longer with fundoplasty than with the Nissen procedure. PMID- 7356104 TI - Hepatolithiasis in Japan: present status. AB - Intrahepatic gallstone or hepatolithiasis is one of the most difficult conditions encountered by surgeons in daily practice. A nationwide survey was conducted recently to document the state of hepatolithiasis in Japan and to establish proper methods of treatment. Over 160 institutions participated and 1,590 cases were collected. The stones were mostly of the bile pigment calcium stone variety and were found mainly in the left hepatic duct. The incidence was found to differ considerably from area to area. Pathologic features, diagnostic procedures and treatments currently available for hepatolithiasis are discussed. PMID- 7356105 TI - Low anterior resection for rectal cancer: technique and results. AB - The records of 113 consecutive patients who underwent low anterior resection for rectal cancer are reviewed. The patients with a single-layer anastomosis appeared relatively free of complications. The two-layer technique resulted in a 4.4 percent incidence of anastomotic problems. In this limited study, cancers less than 12 cm above the anus, especially those in the Dukes' C category, were more apt to show recurrent or residual tumor. The excessive residual tumor rate of 13 percent in this study indicates that the Miles' resection should have been used more frequently. The distance of normal bowel transected below the lesion was not the only factor in prognosis. The 5 year survival rate of 60 percent should be improved. PMID- 7356106 TI - Cholecystosonography: accuracy, pitfalls and unusual findings. AB - Gray scale cholecystosonograms in 200 patients were reviewed. The findings in 133 of the patients were proved correct at surgery or autopsy. The overall accuracy for the detection of gallstones was 92 percent, with a false-negative rate of 4 percent. A false-positive diagnosis of cholelithiasis was made in three patients, two of whom proved to have extensive cholesterolosis. Causes of false-negative studies were the presence of a single small calculus, obseity and a large distended gallbladder. Ultrasound was specific but insensitive in the detection of a thickened gallbladder wall. The significance of a nonvisualized gallbladder by ultrasound and the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of gallbladder disease are discussed. PMID- 7356107 TI - Experimental nonsuture colonic anastomoses. AB - A comparative study of sutured colonic anastomoses and anastomoses made by isobutylcyanoacrylate was performed in 60 rats. No difference in the strength of the anastomoses, as expressed by the bursting pressure, was found, and there was no difference in the frequency of adhesions or stenoses, provided the cyanoacrylate was meticulously covered by omentum. Histologic evidence of delayed healing was observed in the cyanoacrylate group; however, this did not seem to reduce the strength of the anastomosis. Provided it is covered with an omental tag, isobutylcyanoacrylate may prove to be a valuable adjunct to conventional suture techniques under special circumstances. PMID- 7356108 TI - Guidelines for hospital emergency medical service in a university hospital in France: a progress report. AB - The emergency department has become a major portal of entry in university hospitals for patients with life-threatening conditions as well as for nonurgent cases. A fourfold increase in 10 years (28,263 patients in 1977) allows an analysis of admissions according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale and of the value of diagnosis. Results emphasize the need for complementary surgical consultant and operatory structures, a rapid and good quality approach and a specific coordination on an equal basis between the emergency department and other specialized departments. Teaching of practical emergency care should be adapted and increased. PMID- 7356109 TI - Incidental appendectomy at the time of surgery for ectopic pregnancy. AB - Incidental appendectomy at the time of surgery for ectopic pregnancy can be performed safely in the appropriately selected patient. The added procedure does not place the patient at increased operative risk and spares her from the possible subsequent development of acute appendicitis. PMID- 7356110 TI - Acute appendicitis in preschool age children. AB - Appendicitis in preschool children is not uncommon. A duration of greater than 40 hours usually implied perforation. The most common findings were abdominal pain, tenderness, temperature elevation and vomiting. In the presence of perforation or abscess formation, appendectomy followed by copious wound irrigation, abscess drainage and delayed secondary wound closure is the procedure of choice. PMID- 7356111 TI - Nonfunctioning retroperitoneal paragangliomas. AB - Nonfunctioning paragangliomas of the retroperitoneum are extremely rare tumors. As of this report, 30 cases are known from published data. Characteristics of these tumors and diagnostic techniques are herein described. Approximately 20 percent of these lesions are considered malignant. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice once the diagnosis is made. PMID- 7356112 TI - Spontaneous segmental infarction of the greater omentum. AB - Spontaneous segmental infarction of the greater omentum, although rare, is probably more common than the 112 reported cases suggest, but its sporadic occurrence has lent itself more to isolated case reports than to an extensive overview of the disease. Despite the frequent preoperative diagnosis of appendicitis, the presentation and course are seldom typical of appendicitis. Progressive peritoneal signs finally dictate surgical exploration. A vertical incision provides the best access to the involved organs and should be used whenever the diagnosis of appendicitis is in doubt. A surgeon who encounters free serosanguineous peritoneal fluid and a normal appendix should suspect omental disease. No convincing etiology has yet been advanced although blunt trauma, whether substantial or trivial, may account for some cases. The close temporal and geographic relation of two of these cases has raised the question of infectious etiology; however there was no microbiologic or pathologic evidence of bacterial or viral infection. PMID- 7356113 TI - Cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. AB - The case presented herein has two exciting aspects. First, the cystadenocarcinoma may have developed in a previously existing pseudocyst secondary to trauma 4 years earlier. The history of trauma certainly pointed the author to a diagnosis of pseudocyst. The possibility has to be entertained that a long dormant pseudocyst underwent cystadenomatous and, ultimately, cystadenocarcinomatous change. The acute nature of the patient's clinical problem seems explainable on the basis of recent hemorrhage. The second point is more gratifying. The identification of omental spread at the time of the first operation led to a second and ultimately a third look in this young patient, with a fortunate result. It is only fair to restate the concept that the results in the treatment of malignant disease are more strongly influenced by the "biologic predeterminism" of the tumor than by any of our surgical manipulations [18]. Nonetheless, an aggressive approach to resectable disease in young patients appears justified. PMID- 7356114 TI - Traumatic hepatic duct injury: new approach to surgical management. AB - Blunt traumatic injury to the biliary tract is rare, and its management is one of the most difficult and challenging problems confronting surgeons. If disruption occurs in the hepatic ducts, occult ductal injury may even go unnoticed. A high index of suspicion is the single most important factor leading to the identification and successful management of these injuries. A patient with massive upper abdominal injuries secondary to blunt trauma is reported on. Intraoperative cholangiography demonstrated bilateral hepatic duct transection. The injury was successfully managed by Roux-en-Y hepatoportal enterostomy, an approach that has not been previously reported. Primary repair or hepatic cholangiojejunostomy is the treatment of choice for hepatic duct injuries. Hepatoportal enterostomy, however, offers a satisfactory alternative in treatment when the patient is unstable or when primary repair is not possible. The literature is reviewed and the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of nonpenetrating injuries to the biliary tract are discussed. PMID- 7356115 TI - Partial splenectomy for nonparasitic splenic cysts. AB - Four cases of partial splenectomy for large, nonparasitic splenic cysts are described. In all four patients it was possible to successfully preserve most of the splenic parenchyma. With the increasing realization of the importance of splenic function, the feasibility of this operative approach to splenic cysts is proposed. PMID- 7356117 TI - The laparotomy pad, the laundry and intestinal adhesions. AB - Uncoated laparotomy pads and pads coated with Hydron were put through an ordinary laundry procedure. A long-chain quaternary detergent remained in the pads and was not removed in the final rinse. In addition, Hydron was found, as expected. Implications of the presence of detergent in the peritoneal cavity are considered. PMID- 7356116 TI - Corrosive jejunitis due to ingestion of nitric acid. AB - Corrosive damage to the small bowel is not common; stasis of acid in the stomach usually prevents extensive jejunal damage. The case presented herein is unusual because the patient had a gastroenterostomy and sustained extensive injury of the jejunum after ingesting acid. The patient survived but developed a jejunal stricture that eventually required resection. PMID- 7356118 TI - Use of Doppler pressure measurements in predicting success in amputation of the leg. AB - Fifty-five patients underwent amputation of the leg. Fifty-eight percent of the amputations were above-knee and 32 percent below-knee. Preoperative Doppler ankle blood pressure measurements and ankle/brachial ratios were compared and correlated with wound healing in patients with below-knee amputation. Statistical analysis documented that such measurements were significant in predicting wound healing. If blood pressure greater than 55 mm Hg at the knee, greater than 70 mm Hg at the incision site or greater than 70 mm Hg at the ankle or an ankle/brachial ratio of at least 0.3 is documented, satisfactory healing will follow amputation. PMID- 7356119 TI - Statistical evaluation of the direct linear plot method for estimation of enzyme kinetic parameters. PMID- 7356120 TI - The rapid, quantitative determination of neutral sugars (as aldononitrile acetates) and amino sugars (as O-methyloxime acetates) in glycoproteins by gas- liquid chromatography. PMID- 7356121 TI - Assay for mouse tissue enzymes: levels of activity and statistical variation for 29 enzymes of liver or brain. PMID- 7356122 TI - Interference of polyols with the Lowry--Lopez phosphorus assay: reaction of polyols with Mo7O6--24. PMID- 7356123 TI - Sterol synthesis: medium-pressure chromatography of C27 sterol precursors of cholesterol on alumina-silver nitrate columns. PMID- 7356124 TI - A technique for electrophoresis in multiple-concentration agarose gels. PMID- 7356125 TI - A radioisotopic method for the assay of carbamoyl phosphate in extracts of cultured human cells. PMID- 7356126 TI - Statistical evaluation of alternative models: application to ligand--protein binding. PMID- 7356127 TI - Procedure for the enzymatic synthesis and isolation of cinnamoyl-CoA thiolesters using a bacterial system. PMID- 7356128 TI - The interaction of amino acids with ophthaldialdehyde: a kinetic study and spectrophotometric assay of the reaction product. PMID- 7356129 TI - Determination of inorganic phosphate in the presence of nonionic detergents: a modified isobutanol--benzene extraction method. PMID- 7356130 TI - Incorporation of 14C from carboxyl-labeled oleoyl-, linoleoyl-, and arachidonoyl CoA into water-soluble and insoluble fractions of rat liver slices: methodology for in vitro experiments. PMID- 7356131 TI - Artifactual staining of proteins on polyacrylamide gels by nitrobluetetrazolium chloride and phenazine methosulfate. PMID- 7356132 TI - Melting curves on less than 1 microgram of nucleic acid. PMID- 7356133 TI - A collection device for small electronically sorted samples from flow cytometers. PMID- 7356134 TI - Determination of size and charge distributions by combination of quasi-elastic light scattering and band transport. PMID- 7356135 TI - The applicable condition of Magos' method for mercury measurement under coeixtence of selenium. PMID- 7356137 TI - Reverse-phase liquid chromatographic analysis of amino acids after reaction with o-phthalaldehyde. PMID- 7356138 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation and quantification of the four biliverdin dimethyl ester isomers of the IX series. PMID- 7356139 TI - Isolation of nascent RNA molecules from rat liver nuclei: the use of mercurated CTP and the specificity of thiopropyl Sepharose chromatography. PMID- 7356136 TI - Quantitation of oligosaccharides released by the beta-elimination reaction. PMID- 7356140 TI - The use of 1,6-diphenylhexatriene to detect lipids on thin-layer chromatograms. PMID- 7356141 TI - Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in cultured human cell lines: separation by isoelectric focusing. PMID- 7356142 TI - Purification of ornithine transcarbamylase from rat liver by affinity chromatography with immobilized transition-state analog. PMID- 7356143 TI - Separation of amino acid phenylthiohydantoins by high-performance liquid chromatography on phenylalkyl support. PMID- 7356144 TI - Resolution of nucleotide sugars and oligosaccharides by lectin affinity chromatography. PMID- 7356145 TI - A scanning inverted microfluorometer with electronic shutter control for automatic measurements in micro-test plates. PMID- 7356147 TI - Difficulties in the analysis of acid-labile sulfide in Mo-S and Mo-Fe-S systems. PMID- 7356146 TI - A simple enzymatic procedure for radioimmunochemical quantitation of the large molecular forms of gastrin and cholecystokinin. PMID- 7356148 TI - Synthesis of carrier ampholyte mixtures suitable for isoelectric fractionation analysis. PMID- 7356149 TI - Formation of a thiamine artifact during chromatography: a single column procedure for the separation of thiamine and the thiamine mono-, di-, and triphosphate esters. PMID- 7356150 TI - The toroidal coil planet centrifuge without rotating seals applied to countercurrent chromatography. PMID- 7356151 TI - A critical examination of some newly available standards for liquid scintillation counting. PMID- 7356152 TI - Analysis of reduced forms of biopterin in biological tissues and fluids. PMID- 7356153 TI - An improved temperature-jump apparatus. PMID- 7356154 TI - An inexpensive, disposable minispinner for the cultivation of mammalian cells in suspension. PMID- 7356155 TI - A rapid and sensitive assay for arginase. PMID- 7356156 TI - Bioassay of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in human plasma purified by partition, alkaline extraction, and high-pressure chromatography. PMID- 7356157 TI - Electrophoretic analysis of iodine-labeled influenza virus RNA segments. PMID- 7356158 TI - Synthesis of [3,5-125I]triiodo-L-thyronine of high specific activity. PMID- 7356159 TI - Reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic separation of retinoids, including retinylphosphate and mannosylretinylphosphate. PMID- 7356160 TI - Direct connection of high-speed liquid chromatograph (equipped with gel permeation column) to atomic absorption spectrophotometer for metalloprotein analyasis: metallothionein. PMID- 7356161 TI - A simple modification on the vacuum system of the Beckman automated sequencer to improve the efficiency of Edman degradation. PMID- 7356162 TI - Spectrophotometric assay for D-(-)-lactate in plasma. PMID- 7356163 TI - Analytical techniques for cell fractions. XXVII. Use of heart proteins as reference standards in two-dimensional electrophoresis. PMID- 7356164 TI - Degradation of ATP by membrane-bound enzymatic activities in Dictyostelium discoideum monitored by high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7356165 TI - A convenient reverse-phase liquid chromatographic assay for epoxide hydrase. PMID- 7356166 TI - Improved technique for the measurement of the kinetics of Ca2+ uptake by cells: the coupling of an amplifier with voltage regulator to a Ca2+-selective electrode. PMID- 7356167 TI - Fluorescence analysis of picoliter samples. PMID- 7356168 TI - Large-scale preparation of highly purified lysosomes from normal rat liver. PMID- 7356169 TI - Simultaneous elimination of sodium-24, potassium-42, bromium-82, and phosphorus 32 in the determination of trace elements in biological materials by neutron activation analysis. PMID- 7356170 TI - Determination of silicon and aluminum in biological matrices by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. PMID- 7356171 TI - Analytical parameters for determination of chromium in urine by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. PMID- 7356172 TI - Determination of serotonin in serum and plasma by liquid chromatography with precolumn sample enrichment and electrochemical detection. PMID- 7356173 TI - Organization of brainstem noradrenaline hyperinnervation following neonatal 6 hydroxydopamine treatment in rat. PMID- 7356174 TI - Estrogen receptors in mammary gland primordia of fetal mouse. AB - Swiss albino mice were injected on day 16 of pregnancy with 3H diethylstilbestrol. Fetuses were sacrificed 3 h afterwards, frozen, and processed for thaw-mount autoradiography. The serial sections from 4 fetuses were studied. Intense nuclear concentration of radioactivity was found in the mesenchymal cells directly surrounding the epithelial primordia of the mammary glands, but not in the epithelium itself. Localization was similar in male and female fetuses. These findings are discussed in relation to their developmental, teratological, and onocological implications. PMID- 7356175 TI - Intercellular junctions in the full term human placenta. II. Cytotrophoblast cells, intravillous stroma cells and blood vessels. AB - Intercellular junctions within the villous stroma and the cytotrophoblastic layer of the human full term placenta were investigated using thin sectioning and freeze-fracturing. Numerous maculae adherentes (desmosomes) were found between the cytotrophoblast cells and the syncytiotrophoblast. This junction type was also seen connecting adjacent cytotrophoblast cells. Large gap junctions were frequently observed in contact areas of perikarya or at processes of adjacent fibroblasts. They often exhibited a peculiar pattern of their particles on the P face of the membrane. Small rows of junctional particles were found on the P faces of interconnected smooth muscle cells and gap junctions frequently bridged myoendothelial and interendothelial contact zones. The significance of the junctional complexes is discussed in relation to functional systems within the villous stroma of the human full term placenta. PMID- 7356176 TI - The placenta of the pig. I. Finestructural changes of the placental barrier during pregnancy. AB - The finestructural changes of the interareolar porcine placenta during pregnancy are described. After perfusion fixation of the placenta the change in the thickness of the placental barrier from day 30 to day 110 of gestation is much more evident than after immerson fixation as has been used by all former authors. The alterations are due to the indentation of both the trophoblast and uterine epithelium by their corresponding capillary-network. This indentation is limited to the lateral wall and the summit of the chorionic ridges, while at the base the trophoblast as well as the uterine epithelium remains high columnar. This indicates that in the interareolar porcine placenta, which is represented by the chorionic ridges and the corresponding endometrial folds, at least two different areas with different structure and function may be discerned. 1) The lateral side and the top of the chorionic ridges seem to be predestinated for gaseous exchange. The placental barrier in this area is often less than 2 micrometers. 2) The transport of blood-borne nutrients takes place at the base of the chorionic ridges. This transport seems to be facilitated by an intercellular channel system between the uterine epithelial cells. PMID- 7356177 TI - Neurogenesis in the basal forebrain in the Chinese hamster (cricetulus griseus). II. Site of neuron origin: morphogenesis of the ventricular ridges. AB - In the present study the morphogenesis of the ventricular ridges, i.e. the site of origin for neurons in the basal ganglia and various related basal forebrain structures, has been studied in the Chinese hamster with the aid of three dimensional and graphical reconstructions. The first ridge appears at developmental stage 14 (E 12 1/2). It originates at the level of the torus hemisphaericus, thereby obscuring the basal part of the telodiencephalic boundary. Later on this ridge passes into the medial ventricular ridge. Subsequently, the lateral ventricular ridge arises at stage 16 (E 13 1/2). Initially, both ridges are completely separated by the sulcus subpallii intermedius. During further development, however, this limiting groove fades away, a process starting caudally and gradually proceeding in the rostral direction. Eventually, this process results in the formation of one single ventricular eminence at the second fetal stage (E 18). In the adult stage the ventricular eminence curves around the cerebral stem area. Thickening of the telencephalic walls and local coarctations have considerably reduced the lumen of the lateral ventricle. The preoptic region in the adult must be considered as a derivative of the diencephalic part of the medial ventricular ridge. PMID- 7356178 TI - Serotonergic intraventricular axons in the habenular region. Phagocytosis after induced degeneration. AB - Both intracerebroventricular injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine and electrolytical midbrain-raphe lesions in rats induce degeneration of supraependymal axons (SEAs) normally occurring in large numbers upon the ependyma of the medial habenular nucleus and habenular commissure. It is concluded that the intraventricular axon plexus in the epithalamic region is comprised of serotonergic (5-HT) fibers originating in the dorsal and/or median raphe nuclei. Besides the elimination of SEAs, conspicious features were a marked reduction in the number of cilia, degenerative signs in the habenular ependyma, and the emergence of large numbers of supraependymal macrophages, being most probably involved in phagocytosis of the axonal debris. It is suggested that the nucleus habenulae medialis is influenced serotonergically by the midbrain raphe via (1) a direct projection upon its neurons and (2) an indirect projection by way of the intraventricular axon plexus. The origin of intraventricular macrophages is discussed in relation to recent data in the literature. PMID- 7356179 TI - The anatomy and blood system of the kidney in the river lamprey, lampetra fluviatilis. AB - The anatomy and blood system of the kidney in the river lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis, was studied after injecting microfil into nephrons or the arterial system. Renal arteries arose at irregular intervals from the dorsal aorta and gave rise to a regular arrangement of afferent arterioles supplying the network of glomerular capillaries. Nephron units were arranged in two longitudinal series on each side of the glomerular capillaries, with the capsule of each nephron closely related to the capillary network. A short neck segment lead into the convoluted proximal segment, which accounted for over half the length of each nephron and was surrounded by a network of capillaries and sinusoids supplied by efferent glomerular arterioles. The end of each proximal segment formed the descending limb of a nephron loop, which lay parallel to the ascending distal limb and the end of each collecting duct. Peritubular blood flow in this region was generally opposite the flow of tubular fluid and blood eventually drained into large thin-walled sinuses connected to the post-cardinal vein. PMID- 7356180 TI - Dynamical aspects of neocortical histogenesis in the rat. PMID- 7356181 TI - Pattern of distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the cerebellar cortex of the pond turtle, with emphasis on parallel fibers. A histochemical and biochemical study. PMID- 7356182 TI - The organization of the fimbria, dorsal fornix and ventral hippocampal commissure in the rat. PMID- 7356184 TI - Afferent neurons of the hypoglossal nerve of the rat as demonstrated by horseradish peroxidase tracing. AB - Cell bodies of sensory neurons of the rat's hypoglossal nerve were demonstrated by the somatopetal horseradish peroxidase (HRP) transport technique. Labelled perikarya were found within the second and third cervical spinal ganglia and in the vagal sensory ganglia. After application of HRP to the cut peripheral trunk of the hypoglossal nerve about 200 labelled cell bodies were counted in each animal. The vast majority of the axons from cervical spinal ganglion cells reach the hypoglossal nerve via the descending ramus (N. descendens hypoglossi). However, there may exist an additional pathway, probably via the cervical sympathetic trunk. Application of HPR to the medial and lateral end branches led to a labelling of much fewer spinal ganglion cells while the number of labelled vegal sensory neurons remained unchanged. Thus, it is suggested that the majority of the cervical afferents of the hypoglossal nerve originates within the extrinsic tongue musculature and the geniohyoid muscle, whereas the vagal afferents may perhaps derive exclusively from the intrinsic muslces. Histograms of the mean diameters of labelled cell bodies show a predominance of very small perikarya. This contrasts with the diameter distribution of sensory perikarya labelled after HRP application to nerves supplying other skeletal muscles. It is therefore assumed that the afferent component of the hypoglossal nerve is composed mainly of small-calibre axons. PMID- 7356183 TI - Fine structure of the retinal epithelium and tapetum lucidum in the giant danio (danio malabaricus) (teleost). AB - The normal morphology of the retinal epithelium and tapetum lucidum has been studied by transmission electron microscopy in the eye of a teleost; the giant danio (Danio malabaricus). The retinal epithelium forms a single layer of cells joined laterally by cell junctions. Centrally in the retina these cells are tall columnar, while more peripherally they become more cuboidal in shape. Apical processes of these cells enclose photoreceptor inner and outer segments. Few basal (scleral) infoldings are seen in the epithelial cells. Throughout the epithelial layer the cells display smooth endoplasmic reticulum, numerous mitochondria and phagosomes. Within the epithelial cells centrally located in the retina are found numerous lipid spheres which act as a tapetum lucidum. Only at the extreme periphery are these reflective spheres scarce or absent from the epithelial cells. Melanosomes, although found throughout the epithelial layer, are scarce centrally and more numerous peripherally. A population of wandering phagocytes appears to be a normal feature within the retinal epithelial layer of this species. Bruch's membrane shows a trilaminate composition rather than the usual pentalaminate structure seen in most vertebrates. The choriocapillaris endothelium facing Bruch's membrane is very thin but only minimally fenestrated. PMID- 7356185 TI - Migration of binucleate cells in the sheep placenta during normal pregnancy. AB - The maternofetal interface in the placentomes of the sheep placenta consists of a fetal cellular chorion layer whose apical microvilli interdigitate with those of a syncytial layer which borders the maternal connective tissue. Most of the granulated binucleate cells found in the chorion epithelium reach neither its basement membrane nor its microvillar junction apex. However, up to one fifth of the binucleate cells can be shown to be part of or push pseudopodia across the microvillar junction or are located within the syncytium. The syncytium and chorionic binucleate cells both have a nuclear chromatin structure and distinctive cytoplasmic granules which are not found in any other placental cells. This suggests that most, if not all, of the syncytium is derived by fusion of fetal binucleate cells which have migrated across the microvillar junction from the chorion, and that the immunological maternofetal junction does not lie between chorion and syncytial layers. PMID- 7356186 TI - Trauma in patients influenced by drugs and alcohol. AB - To examine the relationship of drugs, alcohol, and trauma, we conducted a retrospective study of 66,099 patients seen in the emergency department at the University of Arizona Health Sciences Center from August 1975 to July 1978. Of 646 patients found to have acute drug intoxication, 33 (5.1%) had sustained traumatic injury. Examination of blood, urine, and gastric specimens revealed only alcohol present in 17 (49%) of these patients. No specific pattern of drug ingestion or injury was seen in the remaining patients. While no generalizations can be made regarding prevention, the data may sensitize the clinician to the complex interrelationship of drugs, alcohol, and trauma. PMID- 7356187 TI - Research algorithms for emergency medicine. AB - The computer-instigated development of graphic depictions showing rationales and decisions required in the care of patients has allowed clinicians to standardize science in the art of clinical medicine. Such condensation of medical judgment and information into algorithms is particularly important for emergency medicine. This paper describes the background and development of such algorithms in a research setting, and suggests modes for adaptation to clinical settings. PMID- 7356188 TI - Unrecognized tracheal intubation: a complication of the esophageal obturator airway. AB - Esophageal obturator airway (EOA) use is not without risk. We present here the fatal cases of three patients in whom the trachea was inadvertently intubated with the EOA. In all three cases, the presence of tracheal intubation was unrecognized during the initial prehospital resuscitation, but was recognized and documented in the emergency department. PMID- 7356189 TI - Esophageal perforation following use of the esophageal obturator airway. AB - Four cases of esophageal rupture associated with the use of the esophageal obturator airway are presented and added to the fifteen cases already in the literature. The incidence of this complication may be greater than previously suspected since a systematic search for this complication has not been made in cardiac arrest patients. The mechanism of rupture of the occluded esophagus may be similar to that seen in postemetic rupture. Endotracheal intubation remains the procedure of choice in airway control of cardiac arrest patients, although the modified esophageal obturator airway with gastric tube may prevent the occurrence of esophageal rupture by allowing decompression of the esophagus. PMID- 7356190 TI - Propranolol overdose. AB - This is a report of a patient who survived a large propranolol overdose, as documented by toxic blood levels. The signs and symptoms were those of profound inotropic and moderate chronotropic cardiotoxicity which failed to respond to parasympatholytics or catecholamines, but subsequently reversed coincident with the administration of glucagon. We report this case because of the sudden development of shock in a patient who looked deceptively well, and because of the improvement apparently brought about by glucagon. PMID- 7356192 TI - The problems of becoming a teenager. PMID- 7356191 TI - Fogarty catheter removal of nasal foreign bodies. AB - The removal, without incident, of 14 nasal foreign bodies is described. None of the bodies was amenable to anterior instrumental extraction, and all were removed using a small-diameter Fogarty catheter. PMID- 7356193 TI - Reimbursement for emergency physicians -- a progress report. PMID- 7356194 TI - Reflections on "turf" and "young turks". PMID- 7356195 TI - CPR equipment adjuncts. PMID- 7356196 TI - CPR equipment adjuncts. PMID- 7356198 TI - Nasogastric intubation. PMID- 7356197 TI - CPR equipment adjuncts. PMID- 7356199 TI - Optimal blood ordering for emergency department patients. AB - A lack of documented criteria for determining which emergency patients should have blood crossmatched for possible transfusion led us to review the records of all patients for whom blood was crossmatched in the emergency unit of our hospital in 1977. Of 378 patients who had blood crossmatched for 1,230 units, only 105 (28%) received blood transfusions (331 units total). Variables showing relationship to transfusion of blood were consolidated into four criteria: 1) shock; 2) hematocrit less than 30%; 3) observed blood loss of at least 500 ml or grossly visible gastrointestinal bleeding; and 4) emergency surgery with anticipated blood loss. Application of these criteria identified 55% of patients who did not receive transfusions and 41% of units unnecessarily crossmatched, while failing to identify only three patients received single-unit transfusions. Use of the criteria would have reduced the crossmatch/transfusion ration from 3.7:1 to 2.6:1. PMID- 7356200 TI - Extreme hypothermia and ventricular fibrillation. AB - A 31-year-old white man with a core temperature of 60.8 F (16 C) and ventricular fibrillation was successfullly resuscitated using active core and external rewarming techniques. Rectal temperature at the time of reestablished electromechanical cardiac activity was 68 F (20 C), a temperature previously thought to be incompatible with successful resuscitation from venticular fibrillation. We are not aware of previous case reports describing survival following a lower documented core temperature. PMID- 7356201 TI - Rapid orthopedic and neurologic evaluation. AB - A technique is presented for rapid evaluation of the extent of orthopedic or neurologic injury. Consistent use of the method, a combination of active motion against resistance and standard neurologic tests, has helped avoid unnecessary radiation and costs while correlating well with physical and radiographic findings in the awake, cooperative, injured individual. PMID- 7356203 TI - Public confidence: our opportunity for the '80s. PMID- 7356202 TI - Marfan's syndrome. PMID- 7356204 TI - EMT-paramedic defined. PMID- 7356205 TI - Activated charcoal. PMID- 7356206 TI - Anxiety in the emergency department. PMID- 7356207 TI - Incorrect assembly complicates esophageal obturator airway use. PMID- 7356208 TI - Packaging problems. PMID- 7356209 TI - The esophageal obturator airway: a study of respiratory effectiveness. AB - The respiratory effectiveness of esophageal obturator airway (EOA) ventilation versus endotracheal tube (ET) ventilation was compared in 22 patients experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest in a prehospital setting. Arterial blood gas analyses were performed on each patient after initial ventilation with the EOA and again after ET insertion and ventilation. For the entire study population, there was no significant difference (P greater than .05) in PO2 or pH measurements. There was a significant difference (P less than .01) in mean PCO2s. Patients admitted to the coronary care unit demonstrated no difference in any parameter of blood gas measurements. In patients declared dead in the emergency department, there was a statistically significant difference in PCO2 levels, which were lower with ET ventilation. All other parameters showed no significant difference. In general, when blood gas analyses were good or bad with the EOA, they were similarly good or bad with ET ventilation, whether the patient lived of died. Fifty-five percent of patients showed a decrease in PO, after ET intubation and 73% demonstrated a decrease in PCO2 after ET intubation. Patients who left the emergency department alive had shorter apnea to EOA insertion times than did those declared dead in the emergency area. Although the EOA does not replace ET ventilation, this study demonstrates that esophageal airway ventilation is as effective as endotracheal intubation in the emergency department setting. PMID- 7356210 TI - Trends in training: focus on emergency medicine. AB - A research project was developed to study the process of professional socialization in graduate medical education by describing and analyzing the development of emergency medicine residencies in comparison to those of surgery and internal medicine. Based on the assumption that residency programs have a profound impact on the quality, distribution, and career patterns of physicians, researchers surveyed residents and residency directors in the three specialty groups to determine the following: characteristics of founders of the programs, factors influencing physicians to enter a specialty, variations in residency program organization and structure, and career patterns of physicians entering the specialty. Implications are drawn from the data and applied to the development of residency training. Anwar RAH: Trends in training: focus on emergency medicine. PMID- 7356211 TI - Use of the tilt test in measuring acute blood loss. AB - We undertook to determine the accuracy of the tilt test in detecting acute blood loss. One hundred volunteers were phlebotomized a specific amount of blood (Group I, 450 cc; Group II, 1,000 cc in 500 cc increments). Orthostatic vital signs were recorded at timed intervals comparing the supine to sitting and supine to standing techniques. Using the criteria of pulse increase greater than or equal to 30/min or severe symptoms, the supine to standing test accurately distinguished 1,000 cc blood loss from no blood loss in our population. The major value of the tilt test is detecting blood loss of 1,000 cc or more. PMID- 7356212 TI - Appendicitis over forty. AB - Charts of 616 patients over the age of 40 presenting to a community hospital emergency department with lower abdominal pain were reviewed to estimate the incidence and establish the profile of appendicitis in older patients. Appendicitis remains the commonest cause of undiagnosed lower abdominal pain, and retains a common presentation at all ages. Much of the pre-operative delay in patients who perforated appendices occurred in the hospital. Barium enema was a useful and safe diagnostic procedure used in 22 cases. PMID- 7356214 TI - The battered woman syndrome. AB - Six hundred twenty adult woman volunteers and 30 acutely battered adult women were studied during a 10-week period to establish criteria for diagnosis, define therapy, and conceptualize a theoreical model of the battered woman syndrome. The volunteer group indicated that 35% of those with ongoing relationships have histories of battery. Psychiatric history in either partner, parental divorce and battery, alcohol usage, psychiatric history and significant criminal history, among the victims; and divorce, marriage counseling, and psychiatric history among the women were identified as significant correlates with a battery. A survey of historical and physical findings and a review of current literature are included. PMID- 7356213 TI - Mammalian bite wounds. AB - Clinical data were collected prospectively from a series of 160 patients presenting with mammalian bite wounds. Anaerobic and aerobic cultures were prepared from sterile swabs placed in 65 bite wounds prior to cleansing. Infection was noted in 11 of 22 cat bites, six of 37 human bites, three of 80 dog bites, and in none of the 21 bites caused by other mammals. Pasteurella multocida was recovered from six infected cat and dog bites, all of which developed infection within 24 hours of injury. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridans were the principal pathogens isolated from the remaining infected cat, dog, and human bites. Infection most commonly followed puncture wounds caused by cats (10/19) and lacerations into subcutaneous tissue of the hand caused by humans (4/17). None of the 10 sutured wounds became infected. All infected bite wounds responded to antibiotic therapy. No conclusions regarding the value of prophylactic antibiotics could be made. PMID- 7356216 TI - Aspects of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Workshop held 16--18 October 1979, Kroc Foundation Headquarters, Santa Ynez Valley, California. PMID- 7356215 TI - Patients, charts, and orders: keeping track. AB - A simple, inexpensive system for keeping track of charts, orders, and patients in a busy emergency department is described. All orders, except the most urgent, are communicated in writing. A secretary relieves the nurses of secretarial duties, and functions as coordinator of laboratory work and communications. A traffic board, using magnetic markers, allows instant visualization of the state of the department. Swift movement of patients from room to room can occur without losing track of the patient or his chart. A system of six discrete chart stations is used, each denoting a separate task to be done. The chart moves in an orderly manner through stations, giving the staff "at a glance" information about what must be done and how well the department is processing patients. A scribe option is employed in overload conditions, allowing a substantial increase in patient processing. PMID- 7356217 TI - Aspects of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Introduction and workshop summary. PMID- 7356218 TI - Cardiac denervation in diabetic neuropathy. AB - Measurement of heart rate variation during deep breathing has been used as a diagnostic test of autonomic function. Normal subjects have considerable heart rate variation that is accentuated during deep breathing; this variation is diminished or sometimes absent in diabetics with autonomic neuropathy. Recording heart rate variation during deep breathing is a good method for establishing the presence of autonomic neuropathy: All normal subjects have a score greater than 9, and autonomic neuropathy is probably absent if the score is greater than 12. The optimal breathing rate for this test is six breaths per minute in nondiabetics but is usually less in diabetics with autonomic neuropathy. The use of six breaths per minute as a standard, however, enhances the ability of the test to discriminate normal from neuropathic patients. Imparied heart rate variation can be the earliest sign of diabetic neuropathy and may precede the appearance of autonomic symptoms by several years. Severe autonomic neuropathy may be responsible for spontaneous respiratory arrest and unexplained sudden deaths, which are not rare among these patients. PMID- 7356219 TI - Assessment of cardiovascular effects in diabetic autonomic neuropathy and prognostic implications. AB - Cardiovascular effects of diabetic autonomic neuropathy include postural hypotension, resting tachycardia, and, possibly, painless myocardial infarction. Involvement of cardiovascular reflexes in diabetes can be assessed using simple noninvasive tests: the Valsalva maneuver, beat-to-beat heart rate variation, the heart rate response to standing, postural fall in blood pressure, and the sustained handgrip test. Tests of parasympathetic function appear to be abnormal more frequently and earlier in cardiac autonomic involvement, whereas sympathetic damage usually occurs later and is associated with clinical symptoms. When test results are abnormal, in association with symptoms suggestive of autonomic neuropathy, the prognosis is grave. Some sudden deaths that occur may be due to abnormal autonomic reflexes. PMID- 7356220 TI - Neuropathology of diabetic neurogenic bladder. AB - Disturbances of urinary bladder function are well-recognized problems in diabetic patients and are generally attributed to peripheral neuropathy. Because of the difficulties inherent in the histologic examination of the peripheral autonomic nerves, little is known about the pathology of these nerves. Recently, alterations have been observed in fine axons in the bladder wall in diabetic subjects. Pathologic changes have also been observed in ganglia of the bladder wall. Abnormalities previously described in the autonomic ganglia and nerve trunks of diabetic subjects may also be important in the development of urinary bladder dysfunction. PMID- 7356221 TI - Diabetic cystopathy: epidemiology and related disorders. AB - The precise incidence and prevalence of diabetic cystopathy are difficult to determine because of the insidious onset, discrete symptoms, and differences in the definition of bladder dysfunction. Diabetic cystopathy, classified according to urophysiological criteria, was shown to occur in 43% to 87% of insulin dependent diabetics, with no sex or age differences. Another study showed an average 25% prevalence of diabetic cystopathy in patients on oral hypoglycemic treatment. A Scandinavian study showed that in patients who have had diabetes for 10 years, the prevalence of diabetic cystopathy in those who were insulin dependent was two to four per 1000 and in those on oral hypoglycemic agents was one to three per 1000. The correlation between diabetic cystopathy and peripheral neuropathy ranged from 75% to 100%. Nephropathy was seen in 30% to 40% of cases. The higher frequency of urinary tract infections in diabetics is not related to diabetic cystopathy but to the frequent occurrence of non-neurogenic bladder outlet disorders, especially in older women. PMID- 7356222 TI - Development of urinary bladder dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. AB - The diabetic neurogenic paralytic bladder is characterized by marked residual urine, secondary infection, pyelonephritis, sepsis, and azotemia. Initial manifestations were studied in diabetic patients with and without neuropathy and in nondiabetic controls, all without symptoms referable to the urinary tract. The nondiabetic controls and the diabetics without neuropathy were urologically normal. Eighty-three percent of the diabetic patients with neuropathy had objective evidence of neurogenic bladder involvement; however, there was no residual urine, infection, pyelonephritis, sepsis or azotemia. The disparity between early and late bladder involvement is determined by the factor of residual urine, which is the measure of advancing bladder neuropathy leading to decompensation. Progressive decompensation of the asymptomatic diabetic bladder may be a cause of the increased frequency of renal infection in diabetic patients. PMID- 7356223 TI - Treatment of diabetic cystopathy. AB - Neurogenic bladder disorders in diabetic patients may result in insufficient bladder emptying because of loss of reflex detrusor contraction. In those who are asymptomatic or have only moderate signs of diabetic cystopathy, treatment choices are scheduled voiding by the triple-voiding technique, cholinergic treatment either daily or twice weekly, and transurethral surgery of the bladder neck. In patients with total urine retention, an indwelling catheter will decrease the overstretched detrusor muscle. Cholinergic treatment with initially high parenteral doses of bethanecol may help to diminish residual urine. Transurethral surgery is often mandatory in such cases. Decensus of the bladder in females often requires surgery. Deficient bladder sensation is irreversible in diabetics, and follow-up of treatment should be lifelong. PMID- 7356224 TI - Physiology of male sexual function. AB - The male sexual response cycle consists of excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. The initial event, penile erection, is produced by arteriolar dilatation and increased blood flow to the erectile tissue of the penis. Erection is a reflex response initiated by visual, olfactory, or imaginative stimuli impinging upon supraspinal centers or by genital stimulation that in turn activates spinal reflex mechanisms. Sacral parasympathetic and thoracolumbar sympathetic nerves provide the efferent vasodilator input to the penis. Parasympathetic nerves also stimulate secretion from the seminal vesicles and prostate and Cowper's glands during the plateau phase. The orgasmic phase is characterized by seminal emission and ejaculation and the accompanying sensations. Emission of semen into the urethra depends on sympathetic nerves that elicit contractions of smooth muscles in the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate. Rhythmic contractions of striated muscle (bulbocavernosus and ischiocavernosus) generated by efferent pathways in the pudendal nerve eject semen from the urethra. PMID- 7356225 TI - Sexual function in diabetic patients. AB - Although sexual dysfunction in the male diabetic has been recognized for many years, only recently has systematic investigation been undertaken to understand the problems involved. The marked increase of impotence in diabetes has been shown to be, to a significant extent, a result of diabetic autonomic pelvic neuropathy. However, awareness of other causes of impotence is essential for proper diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Strikingly, the marked impact of diabetes on male sexual function is not shared by the female diabetic patient, whose sex interest and orgasmic reaction are essentially unimpaired when compared with those of the nondiabetic female. PMID- 7356226 TI - Diagnosis of erectile impotence in diabetes mellitus. An objective and specific method. AB - Objective procedures for both the differential and specific diagnosis of erectile impotence were applied in a study of 13 diabetic men. Monitoring of nocturnal penile tumescence provided evidence of patients' erectile capacity and allowed differential diagnosis of organogenic impotence. Follow-up evaluations of penile blood pressure, bulbocavernosus reflex response latency, and plasma concentrations of testosterone and prolactin allowed localization of probable organic deficits. Bulbocavernosus function was compromised in nine patients, and penile systolic blood pressure was abnormally low in five. Hormone levels were typically within the normal range. These procedures are recommended for comprehensive assessment of impotent diabetic persons in both clinical and research settings. PMID- 7356227 TI - Psychological treatment of erectile disorders in diabetic patients. AB - Psychological and organic factors may interact in the impairment of erectile capacity. This interaction must be considered in the accurate assessment of the extent of organic defect and the choice of psychological approaches for treatment of diabetic men with erectile disorders. Psychosexual evaluation must be done to select patients for penile prosthetic implantation. PMID- 7356228 TI - An inflatable penile prosthesis for treatment of diabetic impotence. AB - Surgical results have improved considerably since the first implantation of the inflatable penile prosthesis in 1973. The incidence of infection appears to be less than 2% and the overall success rate greater than 95%. With strict attention to details of preoperative preparation and to asepsis, the incidence of infection is probably no greater in the diabetic patient. Although there will always be mechanical problems with this more sophisticated device, the ease with which these problems can be corrected and the advantages of having natural erections, as well as flaccidity, makes the inflatable prosthesis the most desirable treatment for organic impotence. PMID- 7356229 TI - Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia: recognition among patients referred after unsuccessful parathyroid exploration. AB - Of 67 patients referred after unsuccessful surgery for presumed primary hyperparathyroidism, six were shown to be members of kindreds with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. This diagnosis had not been recognized in any of the six previosuly. Most of the remaining 61 cases had proven or probable typical primary hyperparathyroidism, and a subgroup of four had hypercalcemia with suppression of the parathyroid glands. Urine calcium excretion expressed as the calcium:creatinine clearance ratio provided an easily measurable and effective index to separate the groups with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, typical primary hyperparathyroidism, and suppressed parathyroids. Thus, at least 9% of patients referred after unsuccessful parathyroidectomy had familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. The assessment of urine calcium excretion by indices such as the calcium:creatinine clearance ratio should facilitate recognition of this condition, which responds poorly to standard subtotal parathyroidectomy. PMID- 7356230 TI - Monitoring metabolic control in diabetic outpatients with glycosylated hemoglobin. AB - The usefulness of HbA, as a monitor of metabolic control was studied in 15 diabetic outpatients during periods of stable, deteriorating, and improving control. Mean fasting concentrations of HbA, and plasma glucose during a 3-month period of stable control were 12.6% +/- 0.8% and 120 +/- 8 mg/dL, respectively. One week after discontinuation of oral hypoglycemic therapy, blood glucose had risen to 172 +/- 23 mg/dL and HbA, to 14.1% +/- 0.7% (P less than 0.025). Reinstitution of therapy resulted in a significant fall of blood glucose within 2 weeks. A significant decline in HbA1 (from 15.3% +/- 0.8% to 14.1% +/- 0.9%, P less than 0.025) occurred 2 weeks later. The data show that the rate of formation of HbA1 is considerably faster than its rate of disappearance. Thus, HbA1 is likely to reflect disproportionally recent episodes of poor control. We conclude that HbA1 is useful to monitor diabetic outpatients during periods of stable and rapidly deteriorating control but is not suited to detect rapid metabolic improvements. PMID- 7356231 TI - Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia without evidence for hepatitis B virus infection. AB - Prompted by reports associating essential mixed cryoglobulinemia with hepatitis B, we tested for hepatitis B markers in serum and cryoprecipitates and searched for virus particles by electron microscopy in cryoprecipitates from 12 patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia and 22 control subjects with mixed cryoglobulinemia secondary to recognized disease processes. None of the patients with essential cryoglobulinemia had detectable serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or antibody (anti-HBs), whereas five of the 22 patients with secondary cryoglobulinemia were positive for either HBsAg or anti-HBs. In cryoprecipitates from 10 patients with essential cryoglobulinemia, we could not detect HBsAg by radioimmunoassay or virus particles by electron microscopy, but one cryoprecipitate was anti-HBs-positive; however, four of 12 cryoprecipitates from patients with secondary cryoglobulinemia were positive for HBsAg or anti-HBs. Evidence of liver disease was present in similarly small proportions of both groups. Thus, in almost all our patients, essential mixed cryoglobulinemia was unrelated to hepatitis B infection. PMID- 7356232 TI - Oxypurinol nephrolithiasis in regional enteritis secondary to allopurinol therapy. AB - A patient with regional enteritis and recurrent uric acid nephrolithiasis was treated with allopurinol. While on 600 mg of allopurinol daily, she began to pass many small, soft, yellow stones. Analysis of the stones by liquid chromatographic and gas chromatograph/mass spectrometric techniques revealed that their major constituent was oxypurinol, a metabolite of allopurinol. Metabolic studies of the patient indicated that increasing doses of allopurinol were associated with increases in xanthine and oxypurinol excretion, while uric acid excretion was not reduced. This case illustrates a complication of high-dose allopurinol therapy in the treatment of uric acid nephrolithiasis. PMID- 7356233 TI - Effects of aspirin on glomerular filtration rate in normal humans. PMID- 7356234 TI - Dihydroergotamine treatment for orthostatic hypotension from Vacor rodenticide. PMID- 7356235 TI - A Sioux medicine man describes his own illness and approaching death. AB - A Sioux medicine man spent a long professional life as a "primary care" rural indigenous practitioner. He was treated, against his wishes, in a modern hospital for his own last illness. His description of that experience and of his non Western medical practice emphasizes persisting problems in the humanistic aspects of our science. PMID- 7356236 TI - Prescription prices under the New York generic substitution law. AB - We evaluated the New York State generic substitution law. This law mandates substitution of a less expensive product if the physician signs the prescription for an eligible brand name drug on the line marked "subsitution permissible." We purchased drugs by brand name and generically before the law went into effect. Later, we purchased the same drugs in the same stores using the formats "brand dispense-as-written," "brand-substitution-permissible," and "generic." Mean savings from generic prescribing or substitution increased from 12.1% +/- 20.4% before the law to 26.2% +/- 10.5% (brand-substitution-permissible) and 27.2% +/- 14.2% (generic). Prices for the same drug written the same way varied enormously among pharmacies. Brand-dispense-as-written, brand-subsitution-permissible, and generic prices in the same store varied substantially and unpredictably. Savings were not passed on to consumers in 29% of postlaw comparisons. Assuring maximal savings requires extensive comparison shopping. PMID- 7356237 TI - The poverty of health data on the aged in the 1980 census. PMID- 7356238 TI - The generic prescribing issue. PMID- 7356239 TI - Clara. PMID- 7356240 TI - Pentazocine and agranulocytosis. PMID- 7356243 TI - Doxorubicin and ventricular arrhythmia. PMID- 7356242 TI - Isoniazid and levodopa. PMID- 7356241 TI - Interaction of lithium and methyldopa. PMID- 7356244 TI - Reaction to primaquine. PMID- 7356245 TI - Resin hemoperfusion for ethchlorvynol. PMID- 7356246 TI - Resin hemoperfusion for ethchlorvynol. PMID- 7356247 TI - Triamterene-induced nephrolithiasis. PMID- 7356248 TI - Updating The International Classification of Diseases. PMID- 7356249 TI - Regimens for treatment of lupus nephritis. PMID- 7356250 TI - Cutaneous lesion in muscle disease. PMID- 7356251 TI - Psoralen and photoactivation. PMID- 7356252 TI - Epidemic measles in a summer camp. PMID- 7356253 TI - Carbenicillin and pseudomembranous enterocolitis. PMID- 7356254 TI - Streptococcus bovis septicemia and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7356255 TI - Physiologic age and the recent heart disease mortality. PMID- 7356256 TI - Polyglandular failure syndrome. PMID- 7356257 TI - Louis H. Clerf lecture. Otorhinolaryngology: A progress report. AB - The present status of the expanding specialty of Otorhinolaryngology is discussed. Some of the intradisciplinary problems which are developing as a result of growth and expansion of the specialty are reviewed and some solutions are suggested. PMID- 7356258 TI - Emergency management of tracheal stenosis. Retrograde tracheal bougienage. AB - A new technique for immediate though temporary relief of airway obstruction due to tracheal stenosis is described. Introduction of a small gauge cuffed endotracheal tube past the stenotic segment, followed by repeated withdrawal with the cuff inflated, allows for effective and safe retrograde bougienage. Airway patency is maintained throughout. Following this procedure introduction of an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy cannula is facilitated and definitive surgery can be planned. PMID- 7356259 TI - X-ray of the month. Intracranial chordoma. PMID- 7356260 TI - Branch of the singular nerve (posterior ampullary nerve) in the otic capsule. AB - The frequency of occurrence, location and course of the branch of the singular nerve in the otic capsule in man was investigated by examining the histological sections of 223 human temporal bones. In the proximal portion near the internal auditory meatus the branch of the singular nerve was observed in 194 bones (87%), and was seen to join the main trunk of the singular nerve in 181 of those bones. In the distal portion near the posterior semicircular canal ampulla in 58 bones (26%) and in 45 of those bones it was seen to arise directly from the main trunk of the singular nerve. In 13 bones the branch was seen taking its course in the otic capsule independently from the main trunk all the way to the posterior canal crista. The accessory portion of the branch of the singular nerve reached the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa near the internal auditory meatus in 11 of 223 bones. PMID- 7356261 TI - Ewing's sarcoma of the mandible. AB - Ewing's sarcoma is an uncommon neoplasm that primarily occurs in the long bones of the lower and upper extremities. Only 2% involve the mandible, and the maxilla is involved one eighth as often as the mandible. The most common site of metastases is the lung. Increasing pain is the most common presenting symptom. A case of mandibular involvement is presented. The combination of a large, soft tissue mass adjacent to an area of bone destruction in a young male should suggest the diagnosis. The previously poor five- and ten-year survival rates of 8 and 4% respectively, may have promise of marked improvement. This improvement lies in a changing philosophy of treatment. Four-drug chemotherapy combined with prophylactic whole-lung irradiation has been added to local irradiation of the tumor bed. Five-year survival figures of 20 to 30% appear obtainable. Although extensive surgical resection of the primary tumor in the long bones has for the most part been replaced by local irradiation for control, surgery in mandibular cases may still be the treatment of choice. PMID- 7356262 TI - Intracanalicular neurilemmomas: clinicopathologic study. AB - Twenty-five patients with intracanalicular neurilemmonas were studied, the largest series yet reported. The tumors were most frequent in men by a ratio of 2:1, occurred more often on the left acoustic nerve, generally associated with long duration of symptoms and were equally distributed in the third to fifth decades, but the prevalence slightly increased in the sixth and seventh decades. A shorter length of illness occurred in younger persons as well as most patients with von Recklinghausen's disease. The length of illness ranged from six months to 35 years. Symptoms generally were limited to the auditory nerve except in three instances of involvement of the facial nerve. These three cases were the only ones with preoperative facial palsy. Posterior fossa myelogram was the most useful diagnostic acid. The rate of growth in one patient was estimated to be 1 to 2 mm per year by serial study of myelograms, but the growth rate is probably variable. CT scans were not useful in detecting small tumors. Histologically, most tumors less than 1 cm in diameter were primarily composed of Antoni type A tissue. Vascular malformations were found within the tumor in three cases. Altered blood vessels are the mechanism whereby characteristic changes occur in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Small tumors generally lack blood vessels, hence are less often associated with abnormal CSF. PMID- 7356263 TI - Acute gram-negative bacillary infections of middle ear and mastoid. AB - Thirty-three patients with acute purulent otitis media and mastoiditis caused by Gram-negative bacilli are presented. The main features of the disease include: predilection for young male infants, a high rate of complications that include sepsis, mastoiditis and osteomyelitis of the base of the skull. Patients that are diagnosed early respond well to drainage and ventilation of the infected middle ear combined with in vitro effective antibacterial therapy. Patients that receive prior inappropriate antibacterial therapy tend to have prolonged courses and require mastoid surgery. It is suggested that early myringotomy and bacterial cultures be performed in all patients with acute middle ear infections. PMID- 7356264 TI - Atypical cilia of the human nasal mucosa. AB - Typical and atypical ultrastructural features of the cilia in the human nasal mucosa are reported in this paper. The specimens were taken from patients with the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis or chronic sinusitis. Most of the cilia showed a typical 9 + 2 arrangement of the axial filament complexes, but atypical axonemes such as 9 + 4, 8 + 2 and 10 + 2 patterns were found in six cilia of three patients. The supernumerary central fibrils were observed in one cilium only, whereas atypical patterns of the peripheral fibrils were found in five cilia. Cilia which contained a multiple axial filament complex, so-called compound clia, were also found in the mucosa of the chronic sinusitis cases. On the basis of their ultrastructural appearance, we classified these cilia into two groups, an "adhesive type" and a "bulging type." The former had a columnar shape of variable diameter, whereas the latter had a balloon-like form. The former contained closely packed multiple axial filament complexes whereas the latter possessed only sparse and irregularly oriented complexes. Electron-lucent lumina which were formed by the remnants of the ciliary membrane were frequently found in the former's transitional portion, but never in the latter. PMID- 7356265 TI - Laryngeal sarcoidosis with airway obstruction. AB - Sarcoidosis is a chronic systemic granulomatous disease that occasionally affects the larynx. When the degree of involvement is marked, significant airway obstruction can occur. We present four cases of laryngeal sarcoidosis that resulted in airway obstruction. The clinical features of sarcoidosis of the larynx are discussed, and current methods of treatment are summarized. The laryngologist should include laryngeal sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis of patients with airway obstruction, and should play a major role in its management. PMID- 7356266 TI - Rheumatoid cricoarytenoid arthritis complicated by upper esophageal ulcerations. AB - Arthritis of the laryngeal joints occurs with most of the diseases which are manifest by polyarthritis. This publication discusses an unusual extension or complication of cricoarytenoid arthritis, ulcerative necrosis of the postcricoid cervical esophagus which necessitated a total laryngectomy in a patient with advanced rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7356267 TI - A study of the physiologic relationship of lower and upper airways with 133Xe. AB - In order to test the hypothesis that there is air streaming through the upper airways to the ipsilateral lung, and that reflex hypoventilation of the ipsilateral lung may occur in unilateral nasal obstruction, 11 volunteers and three patients were examined for these phenomena, employing Xenon-133 (133Xe) and a special mask permitting inhalation of the gas through one nostril at a time. Patients with deviated nasal septa were also examined, one of these before and after surgery. There was no difference in 133Xe distribution between right and left lungs when gas was inhaled through either normal nostril as compared to inhalation through the mouth, in patients with deviated septa or with cotton obstruction of the contralateral nostril. Furthermore, there was no evidence of delayed washout of 133Xe from either lung or any segment thereof under conditions of nasal obstruction. Thus acute or chronic nasal obstruction does not alter the distribution of inpired gas to the lungs. Neither air streaming nor reflex bronchoconstriction occurs with nasal obstruction. PMID- 7356268 TI - Lymphoid hyperplasia of larynx simulating neoplasia. AB - A rare case of lymphoid hyperplasia of the adult larynx (hyperplasia of the laryngeal tonsil) is reported. While this benign lesion recurred following surgical excision, the patient has been followed for more than two years without additional therapy and is asymptomatic. Seven additional cases of laryngeal lymphoid hyperplasia in the English literature are reviewed. The problems related to inadequate sampling (biopsy) and the histologic criteria for diagnosis are emphasized. To define the pathogenesis and ultimate biologic potential of this lesion, more cases must accrue and be studied with a long follow-up. PMID- 7356270 TI - Subcutaneous bronchogenic anomalies. AB - Two cases of congenital anomalies, one cyst and one sinus, presenting in the suprasternal notch are reported. No communication with deeper structures was found at surgery, and histology was compatible with previous descriptions of subcutaneous bronchogenic cysts. The literature is reviewed, and the similarity between these lesions and many cases of branchial fistula is stressed. PMID- 7356269 TI - Keratoacanthoma of the head and neck. AB - Four representative cases of keratoacanthoma of the head and neck are presented; one of which contained squamous cell carcinoma at its base. Although keratoacanthoma has become recognized as a distinct clinical entity, its similarities to squamous cell carcinoma frequently result in difficult diagnosis. A discussion of the disease spectrum, diagnosis and management is presented. Prompt and complete surgical excision of head and neck keratoacanthoma is recommended. PMID- 7356272 TI - Effects of attention-requiring tasks on vestibular nystagmus. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of two types of attention-requiring tasks on vestibular nystagmus elicited by caloric stimulation: mental arithmetic and a short conversation. The subjects were divided into four groups according to stimulus paradigm and task. It was found that conversation was consistently superior to mental arithmetic in engaging the cortex and preventing response decline and even reverse caloric-induced habituation. PMID- 7356271 TI - Asymptomatic nasal septal perforations in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Nasal septal performation has been considered a diagnostic criterion for systemic lupus erythematosus since 1971. However, little has been published in the otorhinolaryngologic literature regarding this lesion. We report six patients having asymptomatic anteroinferior nasal septal perforations and symptomatic lupus. No obvious clinical correlates were found. We support the hypothesis that nasal septal perforation in systemic lupus erythematosus is a common phenomenon, and attribute its infrequent detection to the asymptomatic nature of the lesion in this setting. PMID- 7356273 TI - Pathology consultation. Mucoepidermoid and acinous cell carcinomas of salivary tissues. PMID- 7356274 TI - Commentary on recent pediatric literature relevant to otolaryngology. PMID- 7356275 TI - [Parietal manifestations of thoracic actinomycosis. Results in five cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356276 TI - [Angiographic aspects of Fallot's tetralogy. Report of 100 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356277 TI - [Xeroradiography and telethermography of child tumours (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356278 TI - [An original method for optimzation of external radiotherapy using a data processing system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356279 TI - [Value of ultrasonography in the exploration of giant tumours in adult's abdomen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356280 TI - [Frontal or profile knee incidence? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356281 TI - [Adrenal gland haematoma in a new-born infant: diagnosis and follow-up by ultrasonography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356282 TI - [Value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of haemobilia. A report on a case after transparietal liver needle biopsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356283 TI - [Spontaneous closure of a ventricular septal defect with formation of an aneurysm in the membranous septum following pulmonary artery banding (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356284 TI - [Aorto-arteriography of lower limbs by the trans-lumbar approach. A simplified method in dorsal decubitus]. PMID- 7356285 TI - [Value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of renal abscesses. Results in 13 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356286 TI - [Treatment of dissecting aneurysms of renal artery. Report of four cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356287 TI - [Patellar lateralisation treated by tibial tuberosity transposition. Report of fifty cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356289 TI - [Cervical stump carcinoma after subtotal hysterectomy. Report of 25 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356290 TI - [Importance of immediate heparin therapy and systematic "second look" follow-up operations during treatment for mesenteric vein thrombosis. Report of three cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356288 TI - [Bleeding during the surgical treatment of tubal infertility by the Shirodkar's procedure. Prospective study showing a defibrination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356292 TI - [Pancreatic heterotopia of the stomach. Nine cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356293 TI - [Thyroid autonomous nodule. Surgical treatment and post-operative outcome. Retrospective study of 102 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356291 TI - [Encapsulating perihepatitis. Report of four cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356294 TI - [Mucoceles of the appendix. Clinical and pathological aspects. Therapeutic considerations about six cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356295 TI - [Prolonged storage of fungal culture collections on agarized media]. AB - The study of the efficacy of storage of 300 fungal cultures on agarized media with repeated passages showed that the survival level of the fungi stored with this method may serve an additional biological characteristics for some species: Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium sclerotiorum and others. When the fungi were stored on agarized media with repeated passages for a prolonged period of time, there were observed lower levels of sporulation, sclerotia formation and pigmentation in some cultures. PMID- 7356296 TI - [Optimization of the sterilization regimen for glassware and nutrient media by autoclaving]. PMID- 7356297 TI - [Bioavailability of ampicillin preparations for internal use]. AB - Bioavailability of various ampicillin dosage forms was studied. No difference in the level and rate of the antibiotic absorption was observed with the use of ampicillin trihydrate and anhydrous ampicillin capsules and ampicillin trihydrate tablets. Significant differences in the rate of ampicillin transfer into solution from various dosage forms were noted in the studies with the "rotating basket" apparatus. No correlation between the rate of ampicillin transfer into solution and the level of ampicillin absorption was found. PMID- 7356298 TI - [Effect of amphoglucamine on humoral immunity indices]. AB - It was shown that amphoglucamine, a new Soviet polyenic antibiotic had no significant effect on the antibody titers in the reactions of agglutination, complement binding and precipitation, when administered at various periods of immunogenesis of rabbits immunized with killed C. immitis vaccine. No signific and difference in the serum complement titers of the immunized animals was found. The study on the protective properties of the immunized animal sera demonstrated that the antibiotic administered during immunogenesis rather inhibited the preventive properties of the immune sera. Amphoglucamine administered during immunogenesis suppressed intracutaneous allergic reactions to the antigen. The data should be considered in the diagnostic practice, since some times the allergic reactions are the only diagnostic sign. PMID- 7356299 TI - [Damaging action of lincomycins on the intestines of experimental animals]. AB - It was found that lincomycin and 7-chlor-7-desoxylincomycin administered 3 times induced severe enterocolitis accompanied by dysbacteriosis in a part of the experimental rabbits, while no such phenomenon was observed in the mice. Treatment of the animals with neomycin for 10 days protected them from death of severe forms of enterocolitis. PMID- 7356300 TI - [Method of determining bacitracin residues in animal husbandry food products]. AB - Distribution of bacitracin in rabbits when given orally was studied. It was found that bacitracin was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, penetrated into the organs and tissues, was partially bound there and rapidly excreted with the urine and bile. The highest percentage of the antibiotic binding was registered in the bone marrow and organs of the lymphoid system. Since the binding of the antibiotic was selective (only in the organs of the lymphoid system) and its presence in the muscle tissue and subproducts (liver, kidneys, etc.) was in the trace amounts, they do not prevent the use of such products in food. Thermal treatment of such products eliminates the antibiotic activity which is also in favour of their use. Therefore, bacitracin may be widely used as a growth stimulator in cattle breeding. For detection of the bacitracin bound fraction in the organs, tissues and animal products it is recommended to use enzymatic hydrolysis of the biological substrates containing bacitracin with a 2 per cent pepsin solution prepared in phosphate buffer, pH 6.0-6.2. PMID- 7356302 TI - [Micromonospora resistence to definite antibiotics and their ability to produce structurally analogous antibiotics]. AB - Thirty six cultures of Micromonospora freshly isolated from soil samples were studied with respect to their sensitivity to a number of antibiotics of various structures and modes of action. It was found that all of them were highly sensitive to penicillin, ristomycin, tetracycline, rifampicin, streptomycin, olivomycin, carminomycin and dactinomycin. Significant differences in sensitivity of the Micromonospora cultures were revealed only with respect to gentamicin, tobramicin, erythromycin and lincomycin. Seven cultures were resistant to gentamicin and tobramicin and sensitive to all of the other antibiotics. Broad spectrum antibiotics were isolated from these cultures. The study of the antibiotic chemistry showed that they were 2-desoxystreptamine-containing aminoglycosides. Two cultures proved to be resistant to erythromycin and lincomycin. When identified with the use of antibiotic resistant staphylococcal strains, the crude antibiotic substances isolated from these cultures appeared to be not active against staphylococci resistant to erythromycin and lincomycin. By their chromatograpi- behaviour the antibiotics were close to macrolides. Therefore, it was found that production of aminoglycoside and macrolide antibiotics was most characteristic of Micromonospora. A certain correlation between resistance of Micromonospora to these 2 antibiotic groups and capacity for their production was shown. PMID- 7356301 TI - [Lysozyme concentration in the gastric juice in peptic ulcer]. AB - Lysozyme concentration in the gastric juice of 34 patients with peptic ulcer and 10 practically healthy persons was studied. In the patients with peptic ulcer the lysozyme levels in the gastric juice were found to be lower. A significant decrease in the lysozyme concentration was observed in the patients suffering from peptic ulcer for more than 2 years. During the first months of the disease increased levels of lysozyme were recorded. Relationship between the lysozyme concentration in the gastric juice and the acidity of the gastric contents was shown. Decreased concentrations of lysozyme were more pronounced in the patients with increased levels of hydrochloric acid. PMID- 7356303 TI - [Cephalosporin C stability in aqueous solutions]. AB - Stability of cephalosporin C in aqueous solutions at various temperatures was studied. The kinetic parameters of the inactivation process providing estimation of the inactivation rate constant of cephalosporin C at pH 0-12.5 and various temperatures were evaluated. It was found that the zinc ions had no specific effect on the inactivation rate. PMID- 7356304 TI - [Effect of docecyl guanidine acetate on the in vitro activity of penicillin, streptomycin, levomycetin and chlortetracycline]. AB - Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus and gramnegative organisms, such as E. coli, Salmonella, Sh. sonnei and Pr. morganii to penicillin, streptomycin, levomycetin and chlortetracycline, as well as their combinations with dodecylguanidine acetate, a surface active substance from the group of guanidine alkyl derivatives was studied. The activity of the penicillin combination with dodecylguanidine acetate was 16-64 times higher than that of penicillin alone against staphylococci and gramnegative bacteria respectively. Sensitivity of the gramnegative organisms to dodecylguanidine acetate combinations with levomycetin or chlortetracycline was 2-260 or 2-250 times higher respectively than that to the antibiotics alone. Sensitivity of the grampositive and gramnegative organisms to the combination of streptomycin with dodecylguanidine acetate was the same as that to streptomycin alone. Increased sensitivity of the microbes to penicillin, levomycetin and chlortetracycline in the presence of the subbacteriostatic concentrations of dodecylguanidine acetate must be associated with an increase in the antibiotic penetration into the microbes under the effect of the surface active substance. PMID- 7356305 TI - [Antibiotic action on Bacillus polymyxa 153 enzymatic activity]. AB - The study on the effect of some antibiotics on the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDG) and dehydrogenases of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TAC) in the cell extracts of Bac. polymyxa 153 producing polymyxin B showed that the level of the reaction of the individual enzymes to the effect of various antibiotics was different. Specific sensitivity to polymyxins M and B was found in succinate dehydrogenase and that to polymyxin B in malate dehydrogenase. The activity of the first components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes was completely suppressed not only by polymyxins M and B but also by novobiocin, ristomycin and nistatin. The activity of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase was not suppressed by either of the antibiotics tested. PMID- 7356307 TI - [Biological characteristics of a repressor of interferon production]. AB - The data on the properties of the interferon production protein repressor are presented. It was isolated from the chick embryo fibroblasts in the state of hyperreactivity to repeated induction of poly (ri) poly (rC). The repressor activity amounted to 2048 IIU/ml. The repressor was thermoresistant and stable to pH 2.0-8.0. A pronounced interferon inhibitory effect of the repressor was observed after 20 minutes of its contact with the cells at a temperature of 37 degrees C. Its half-life was 10 hours. The repressor similarity with homologous interferon was noted. PMID- 7356306 TI - [Comparative study of rifampicin distribution in the body of pregnant and nonpregnant white rats exposed to the antibiotic by inhalation]. AB - When rifampicin was administered to albino rats in the form of inhalations, it was absorbed by the blood and penetrated into various organs, the levels of the antibiotic in the biosubstrates being dependent on its concentration in the inhalation air. Rifampicin distribution in the gravid animals was mainly of the same character as that in the nongravid rats. However, when the animals were exposed to the antibiotic effect during the whole period of the gravidity, a significant increase in the antibiotic levels in the blood and internal organs was observed. PMID- 7356308 TI - [Drug forms of the fucidin antibiotic group]. PMID- 7356309 TI - [Arthrobacter simplex var. amylolyticus var. nov., a producer of a hexaene antibiotic in the fradicin-mycelin group]. PMID- 7356310 TI - [Effect of lincomycin on its own producer, Actinomyces roseolus, during prolonged passage on a liquid culture medium]. AB - Act. roseolus rapidly lost its antibiotic activity on passages in liquid media. Degeneration with respect to the antibiotic production property was accompanied by changes in the physiological and morphological characteristics. The culture became low differentiated during the whole developmental cycle. The capacity of the ribosomes for formation of the polysomes and aggregation was decreased or completely lost. The developmental cycle of the culture was shortened because of earlier autolysis and limited formation of the daughter microcolonies. Lincomycin retarded the rate of these changes. The culture preserved its morphological similarity with the initial strain and its viability increased. Therefore, lincomycin promoted some stabilization of the properties of the culture during its passage. PMID- 7356311 TI - [Device for sampling and feeding under aseptic conditions]. AB - The scheme and operating principle of a device for sampling and feeding under aseptic conditions are discussed. The device provides sterility of the elements used for sampling and feeding and excludes the contact of the liquids with the environment. The results of the study on the device temperature fields substantiated the sterilization regime using the parameter of the aseptic efficient. The sterilization period is 10 minutes which decreases the steam consumption and increases the production efficiency. PMID- 7356312 TI - [Metabolic characteristics of P. nigricans Thom. strains in the presence of varying carbon sources and under varying temperature conditions]. AB - The effect of glucose, succinate and acetate, as well as elevated temperatures on the dynamics of the pyruvate, PEP and H-6-P levels in the mycelium of the strains of various productivity (117 and B) grown on the mineral medium was studied. It was found that in the presence of any of the carbon sources the initial levels of pyruvate and PEP in both strains were the same. The pyruvate level in strain 117 in the presence of glucose or succinate was stable, while in strain B it was variable. Strain B unlike strain 117 was subjected in the presence of glucose to transit repression. On the media with acetate both strains had the similar dynamics of the pyruvate and PEP concentrations but differed in the levels of H-6 P. Elevated temperatures of the medium induced changes in the concentrations of the metabolites of strain B in the presence of glucose and redoubled repression in the presence of succinate. The dynamics of the metabolite levels in the above strains exposed to elevated temperatures of the medium was also different. PMID- 7356313 TI - Enzymatic formation of the bisfuran structure in aflatoxin biosynthesis. AB - A relatively stable enzyme system that converts versiconal hemiacetal acetate to versicolorin A was isolated from the soluble fraction of the homogenized cells of Aspergillus parasiticus ATCC 15517. The cell-free preparation did not require oxygen or oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate for activity, nor did it require dithiothreitol, polyclar (polyvinyl pyrrolidone), or glycerol for stabilization of activity. It was susceptible to inhibition by dichlorvos and cysteine. Isotope tracer studies revealed involvement of several intermediates in the conversion of versiconal hemiacetal acetate to versicolorin A. These findings confirm the biogenetic relationship of versiconal hemiacetal acetate and versicolorin A, and they confirm that the bisfuran ring structure in aflatoxins and related fungal metabolites is derived from the hemiacetal structure of versiconal hemiacetal acetate. PMID- 7356314 TI - Recovery of chill-stressed Vibrio parahaemolyticus from oysters with enrichment broths supplemented with magnesium and iron salts. AB - The effects of magnesium and iron salts on the recovery and growth of chill stressed cells of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were studied. Supplementation of glucose salt Teepol (GST) broth with 20 to 100 mM of Mg2+ significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increased the number of cells recovered from oyster homogenate stored at 3 degrees C. Populations detected with supplemented GST were comparable to those obtained with Horie arabinose ethyl violet (HAE) broth, with or without Mg2+. Recovery of V. parahaemolyticus from homogenates stored at -18 degrees C was also improved when enrichment broths supplemented with Mg2+ were used. Ferric iron (added as FeCl3) at 240 microM in GST and 240 or 960 microM in HAE significantly enhanced the extent of recovery of chilled cells. Ferrous iron was generally less effective. Teepol did not influence the growth of nonchilled cells, but significantly reduced the viable population in suspensions of chilled cells when used at a level of 0.4% in GST. The relatively high pH (9.0) of HAE caused a significant reduction in the number of viable, chill-stressed cells of V. parahaemolyticus. The overall results indicated that HAE broth is superior to GST for recovering V. parahaemolyticus from refrigerated and frozen oyster homogenates. PMID- 7356315 TI - Identification of a chromosomal determinant of enterotoxin A production in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Chromosomal mapping of the determinants for enterotoxin A and enterotoxin B production in three strains of Staphylococcus aureus was attempted by using conventional transformation procedures and a series of multiply marked derivatives of NCTC 8325 as recipients. A gene governing enterotixin A production (entA+) in strain S-6 was located on the chromosome between the pur-110 and ilv 129 markers, very close to a determinant of alpha-hemolysin production, hla+. The entA+ gene of strain FRI-196E was shown not to be located at the same position; its location could not be determined. The entB+ genes of strains S-6 and C243 were not located within the known linkage groups examined. Recombinants were screened for enterotoxin production by a new procedure that combined characteristics of immune serum plate and optimal sensitivity plate procedures. The strains and methods used in this study of enterotoxin determinants should prove useful in genetic studies to locate other chromosomal determinants of S. aureus whose phenotypes are difficult to score or select for. PMID- 7356316 TI - Adherent bacterial populations on the bovine rumen wall: distribution patterns of adherent bacteria. AB - Fourteen tissue sites from the bovine reticulo-rumen were examined by scanning electron microscopy to determine the distribution patterns of bacterial populations adhering to the epithelium. Although diet variations did not appear to influence the total number of tissue-adherent bacteria present in adult Herefords, diet affected their distribution. It appeared that the distribution of the bacterial populations may be directly affected by the physical state of the digesta. The digesta may be mechanically removing adherent bacteria from the tissue surface by abrasive action. The total adherent population consisted of subpopulations with separate distribution patterns, and macropopulations of morphologically similar bacteria were occasionally observed at specific sites on the epithelial surface. Ureolytic organisms on the epithelium followed a distribution pattern considerably different from the general bacterial distribution. PMID- 7356317 TI - Evaluation by electron microscopy and anaerobic culture of types of rumen bacteria associated with digestion of forage cell walls. AB - Different morphological types of rumen bacteria which degraded cell walls of forage grasses with various in vitro digestibilities were evaluated with electron microscopy. The majority of these bacteria (i.e., about 70% or more) consisted of two distinct types: (i) encapsulated cocci and (ii) irregularly shaped bacteria, resembling major fiber digesters found in the rumen. Each type was capable of degrading structurally intact cell walls. Differences (P less than or equal to 0.02) in the percent ratio of encapsulated cocci to irregularly shaped bacteria were observed between Bermuda grass and fescue; the ratio of encapsulated cocci to irregularly shaped bacteria between Bermuda grass and orchard grass was similar and variations were high. The proportion of irregularly shaped bacteria usually increased with increased time of digestion. Differences (P greater than 0.1) were not found in the percentage ratio of encapsulated cocci to irregularly shaped bacteria attached to specific tissue types in either Bermuda grass or fescue. However, encapsulated cocci tended to be more prevalent on sclerenchyma than other tissues in Bermuda grass, but less prevalent on sclerenchyma than other tissues in fescue. Transmission electron microscopy of tissue digestion of rapidly degraded orchard grass blades revealed that mesophyll, parenchyma bundle sheath, and parts of the epidermal cell wall apparently were degraded without direct attachment of bacteria although bacteria were near the cell walls undergoing digestion. Anaerobic growth studies showed that the total culturable bacteria developing on medium 10 and media containing carbohydrates similar to those in forage cell walls (i.e., pectin, xylan, and cellobiose) were 80% higher from rumen bacterial populations adapted in vitro to cell walls of orchard grass compared to those from Bermuda grass; the number of colonies from the orchard grass-adapted population was significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) greater on the medium containing xylan. Filter paper tests showed that the cellulolytic activity of populations adapted to fescue was greater than that of orchard grass or Bermuda grass. PMID- 7356318 TI - Gastrointestinal ecology and histology of rats monoassociated with anaerobic bacteria. AB - Pure cultures of anaerobic bacteria colonized the gastrointestinal tracts of germfree rats and induced an increase in the cellularity of intestinal tissue. PMID- 7356319 TI - The janthitrems: fluorescent tremorgenic toxins produced by Penicillium janthinellum isolates from ryegrass pastures. AB - New tremorgenic mycotoxins named janthitrem A, B, and C (molecular weights 601, 585, and 569, respectively) were produced by more than half of 21 Penicillium janthinellum isolates obtained from ryegrass pastures involved in ryegrass staggers outbreaks in sheep. PMID- 7356320 TI - Utilization of ammonia nitrogen by intestinal bacteria isolated from pigs. AB - In a medium containing ammonia, proteose peptone, and cysteine as nitrogen sources, 17 of 24 Bacteroidaceae strains, 3 of Selenomonas strains, 1 of 7 curved rods, 3 of 7 Spirochaetaceae strains, 8 of 20 Eubacterium strains, 8 of 13 Peptococcaceae strains, 3 of 4 Clostridium strains, 19 of 20 Enterobacteriaceae strains, and 1 of 8 Streptococcus strains utilized ammonia nitrogen preferentially to proteose peptone nitrogen. To determine the ability of intestinal microbes to synthesize amino acids from ammonia, ammonia utilization by Bacteroides ruminicola strain 9 was studied in defined media containing ammonia and other nitrogen sources. In another medium containing ammonia, proteose peptone, and cysteine as nitrogen sources, ammonia was preferentially utilized even when the proteose peptone nitrogen content was eight times greater than that of ammonia nitrogen. In a medium containing ammonia, an amino acid, and cysteine, the lowest uptake of ammonia nitrogen was observed when the medium contained aspartic acid, glutamic acid, threonine, or alanine; but ammonia was utilized more effectively than any of the amino acids. Incorporation of (15)N from [(15)N]ammonia into bacterial amino acids was studied. (15)N was incorporated into every amino acid of B. ruminicola strain 9, and the highest uptake was observed in aspartic acid and alanine. PMID- 7356321 TI - Isolation of the Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare-M. scrofulaceum complex from tank water in Queensland, Australia. AB - Disease-associated serotypes of Mycobacterium intracellulare and M. avium have been isolated from 32 of 141 rainwater tanks situated in the basin of the Fitzroy River and its tributaries in central Queensland, 7 of 32 tanks situated in the hinterland of the coastal city of Rockhampton, and 2 of 32 tanks sampled repetitively in the southeastern Queensland city of Toowoomba. M. gordonae was also isolated from 23 of the river basin tanks, from 9 in the Rockhampton hinterland, and from 5 in the city of Toowoomba. One half of these isolates came from tanks which also yielded M. intracellulare. Mycobacteria of the M. terrae-M. triviale-M. nonchromogenicum complex were found in 7 tanks, usually in conjunction with M. intracellulare. The humans who consume the contaminated tank water are free of symptoms but have not been medically examined. It is suggested that mycobacteria adhering to dust particles disturbed by mechanical cultivation may be the source of contamination. PMID- 7356322 TI - N2O reduction by Vibrio succinogenes. AB - Vibrio succinogenes grew anaerobically at the expense of formate oxidation, with nitrous oxide (N2O) serving a terminal oxidant. N2O was quantitatively reduced to dinitrogen (N2). In the presence of 5 x 10(-2) atm (ca. 5 kPa) of acetylene (C2H2), which inhibits the reduction of N2O, growth of V. succinogenes was completely inhibited. Nitrate was reduced to nitrite or to ammonia, depending on the extent of availability of formate, but N2 was not produced by reduction of nitrate. During the reduction of nitrate to ammonia, all eight electrons transported to a molecule of nitrate appeared to be coupled for energy-yielding reactions. PMID- 7356323 TI - Concentration of coliphages from large volumes of water and wastewater. AB - Membrane filter adsorption-elution technology has been extensively used for the concentration and detection of animal viruses from large volumes of water. This study describes the development of positively charged microporous filters (Zeta Plus) for the concentration of coliphages from large volumes of water and wastewater. Four different coliphages were studied: MS-2, phi X174, T2, and T4. Positively charged microporous filters were found to efficiently adsorb these coliphages from tap water, sewage, and lake water at neutral pH. Adsorbed viruses were eluted with a 1:1 mixture of 8% beef extract and 1 M sodium chloride at pH 9. Using this method, coliphages could be concentrated from 17-liter volumes of tap water with recoveries ranging from 34 to 100%. Coliphages occurring naturally in raw and secondarily treated sewage were recovered with average efficiencies of 56.5 and 55.0%, respectively. This method should be useful in isolation of rare phages, the ecology of phages in natural waters, and the evaluation of water quality. PMID- 7356325 TI - Circular dichroism studies of ferredoxin:protein complexes. PMID- 7356324 TI - Digestion of algin by Pseudomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas putida. AB - Pseudomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas putida were identified as alginolytic species. Two media used for demonstrating alginolytic activity are described. The applied aspects of the ability of these two species to digest algin are discussed. PMID- 7356326 TI - Pathways of NADPH in rat liver. Evidence favoring a single cytosolic pool. PMID- 7356327 TI - Immunochemical studies on two DT diaphorase active antigens isolated from rat liver cytosol by affinity chromatography. PMID- 7356328 TI - A study of the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate on bovine beta-casein self association. PMID- 7356330 TI - Purification and characterization of a folate binding protein from rat liver cytosol. PMID- 7356331 TI - Partial purification and characterization of the glucosidases involved in the processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. PMID- 7356329 TI - Studies on the oxidation of omega-hydroxyprostaglandins by an NAD-dependent dehydrogenase from mammalian liver cytosol. PMID- 7356332 TI - Substrate and metal ion interactions in the NAD+ malic enzyme from cauliflower. PMID- 7356333 TI - Le(b)-active glycolipid in human plasma: measurement by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7356334 TI - A comparison of the effectiveness of protein denaturants for beta-lactoglobulin and ribonuclease. PMID- 7356335 TI - Studies on native ribosomal subunits from rat liver. Evidence for a low molecular weight ribosome dissociation factor. PMID- 7356336 TI - Subcellular localization of 3-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A carboxylase in bovine kidney. PMID- 7356337 TI - Comparison of two solid-phase peptide syntheses of a 32-amino acid carboxyl terminal fragment of human parathyroid hormone, hPTH-(53-84). PMID- 7356338 TI - ATP synthesis linked to light-dependent proton uptake in a rad mutant strain of Halobacterium lacking bacteriorhodopsin. PMID- 7356341 TI - Isolation of the major glycoprotein from fat cell plasma membranes. PMID- 7356339 TI - Stimulation of a Cd-binding protein, and inhibition of the vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein, by zinc or cadmium in organ-cultured embryonic chick duodenum. PMID- 7356340 TI - The binding of calcium to bovine factor VII. PMID- 7356342 TI - Treating keloids by surgery and methotrexate. PMID- 7356343 TI - Mastocytosis spectrum. PMID- 7356344 TI - Melanoma in Africans. PMID- 7356345 TI - A modified technique for eliciting Nikolsky's sign. PMID- 7356346 TI - Herpes zoster in a 4-month-old infant. PMID- 7356347 TI - Disabling pansclerotic morphea of children. AB - Fourteen children with generalized morphea involving all levels of the skin and soft tissues were examined. The term "acral pansclerotic morphea" describes the distribution and the multiple levels of sclerosis. Lymphocytic inflammation and hyaline pannicultitis were observed on biopsy specimens in some cases. Laboratory data were characterized by a polyclonal elevation of gamma-globulin level and by peripheral eosinophilia. Pulmonary changes in five patients and esophageal changes in one imply that acral pansclerotic morphea may be assoicated with mild nonprogressive visceral change. Although cyclophosphamide may retard the process, no satisfactory treatment for progressive, mutilating acral pansclerotic morphea has been found. PMID- 7356349 TI - Recurrent staphylococcal infection in families. AB - This controlled double-blind study examined the efficacy of a single large inoculum of Staphylococcus aureus 502A in interrupting intrafamilial spread of recurrent staphylococcal abscesses. Forty families were enrolled in the study and 32 completed six months of follow-up care. All participants were first treated with oral oxacillin sodium or dicloxacillin sodium, twice daily hexachlorophene showers, and bacitracin given nasally for two weeks. Some then received nasal inoculation of 10(8) to 10(9) organisms of S aureus 502A while others were given only sterile broth. Fifteen of 17 families or 29 of 36 individuals who received 502A remained free of recurrence for six months of observation, while only four of 15 control families or 18 of 34 members had no recurrences (P less than .005). After six months after colonization, 83% of the treatment group retained the 502A organism. PMID- 7356348 TI - Growth dynamics of malignant melanomas. A photodocumentary investigation. AB - Series of "private" photographs taken of patients over many years can greatly aid in following the course of development of malignant melanomas. In one case of superficial spreading melanoma, the pigmented lesion displayed spread around the entire circumference, maintaining its round shape throughout its course. The other tumors enlarged by focused spreading at various points along the border, changing in shape over several years of development. The temporary appearacne of two closely adjacent pigmented lesions frequently occurred during the early development of malignant melanomas, followed by fusion after progressive spread. Lentigo maligna melanoma showed the greatest continuous alteration of shape. Different tumor types observed over similar periods of time showed different dynamics of growth with reference to shape (horizontal spreading growth) and depth to invasion (vertical growth). PMID- 7356350 TI - Porphyria cutanea tarda associated with chronic renal disease and hemodialysis. AB - A fourth case of symptomatic porphyria associated with hemodialysis for chronic renal failure is reported. Subepidermal bullous dermatoses of patients who have undergone hemodialysis have not usually been associated with elevated porphyrin levels. However, this patient and three previously reported cases have been found to have abnormal porphyrin study results in association with skin lesions typical for porphyria cutanea tarda, occurring after hemodialysis. Hemodialysis does not effectively decrease circulating plasma uroporphyrin levels, although some dialysis of uroporphyrin into the dialysate could be measured in this case. Evaluation of bullous or porphyrialike dermatoses in patients treated with hemodialysis should include adequate testing for increased porphyrin levels. PMID- 7356351 TI - Cutaneous calcinosis in localized discoid lupus erythematosus. AB - Cutaneous calcinosis is reported in the lesions of a woman with long-standing discoid lupus erythematosus. Calcium deposits were found in the middle and deep parts of the dermis surrounded by homogeneous collagen staining positively with Alcian blue solution. In contrast to the relative frequency of this event in patients with scleroderma or dermatomyositis, calcinosis cutis occurs very rarely in lupus erythematosus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of calcinosis cutis in discoid lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7356352 TI - Cutaneous mucinosis of infancy. AB - Cutaneous mucinosis is a term that has been used to describe a group of diseases or conditions in which accumulation of mucin in the skin is a prominent feature. The cutaneous mucinoses includes myxedema (both diffuse and localized), lichen myxedematosus (papular mucinosis), lipoid proteinosis, follicular mucinosis, cutaneous focal mucinosis, cutaneous myxoid cyst, and others. All of these diseases share distinct histologic features. I examined a 16-month-old infant with a case of cutaneous mucinosis that had unique clinical and histologic features, unlike any of the known mucinoses. PMID- 7356353 TI - Lucio's phenomenon. AB - A 38-year-old woman had diffuse, nonnodular, lepromatous leprosy and Lucio's phenomenon. Most cases of Lucio's phenomenon have been reported to have a leukocytoclastic vasculitis as the underlying pathologic abnormality. In this patient, however, the histologic picture of an early lesion of Lucio's phenomenon showed a milk, mononuclear cell infiltration, endothelial swelling, vascular thrombosis, and ischemic necrosis. Lepra bacilli were abundant around nerves and blood vessels, and many were noted in vascular walls and endothelium. Our findings raise the possibility that some cases of Lucio's phenomenon may be caused by vascular damage due to direct invasion of Mycobacterium leprae and not necessarily by leukocytoclastic vasculitis. PMID- 7356354 TI - Thyroid acropachy. AB - Thyroid acropachy (TA) developed in a 48-year-old man at least six years prior to clinically evident and symptomatic hyperthyroidism. The TA prompted a clinical workup for acromegaly on two occasions, with negative results. It usually develops after diagnosis or treatment of hyperthyroidism and usually occurs in conjunction with exophthalmos. In our patient, TA preceded the diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism and was not associated with exophthalmos. PMID- 7356355 TI - Immediate hypersensitivity to seminal fluid and atopic dermatitis. AB - A woman with atopic dermatitis experienced anaphylactic episodes following intercourse with her husband, with subsequent exacerbations of her atopic dermatitis. Skin testing and an in vitro leukocyte histamine release assay established the diagnosis of immediate hypersensitivity to her husband's seminal fluid; delayed hypersensitivity to seminal fluid could not be demonstrated. Antigen was found in the seminal fluid of nonrelated men. Radioallergosorbent testing detected the presence of circulating IgE antibodies specific for seminal plasma protein. Immunotherapy with seminal plasma may have limited the severity of a subsequent reaction. Serum from the husband and nonrelated men also contained antigen that provoked histamine release from the patient's leukocytes in vitro. The antigen in serum was associated with the globulin fraction and had a temporal relationship to ejaculation, appearing within 12 hours of ejaculation and disappearing within four days. PMID- 7356357 TI - Psoriasis, methotrexate, and oligospermia. AB - A young man with severe psoriasis was treated intermittently with methotrexate. On two different occasions, severe oligospermia documented by serial seminal fluid analyses was present coincident with methotrexate administration. Discontinuation of methotrexate resulted in normal sperm concentration. Measurements of serum gonadotrophin and testosterone levels were normal during and after methotrexate treatment. It is concluded that methotrexate administration may result in severe oligospermia and that these inhibiting effects on spermatogenesis are reversible. PMID- 7356356 TI - Primary oxalosis with livedo reticularis. AB - Livedo reticularis developed on the lower extremities of a 37-year-old woman with primary oxalosis and renal failure that was treated by hemodialysis. Biopsy results of the involved skin indicated oxalate crystals in the walls of the blood vessels of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Oxalosis with vascular involvement should be included in the long list of causes of livedo reticularis. PMID- 7356359 TI - Kyrle's disease and type II hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 7356358 TI - Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma with skin ulceration. Histiocytosis X of the Hand-Schuller-Christian type. AB - A patient with multifocal eosinophilic granuloma or histiocytosis X of the Hand Schuller-Christian type was diagnosed as having hidradenitis suppurativa on the basis of ulceration and draining sinuses of the axillary, perianal, and inguinal regions. He also had diabetes insipidus and thyroid and pulmonary disease. Microscopic examination of the thyroid, lungs, and involved skin indicated massive infiltration of these organs by histiocytes and eosinophils. Ulcerations of this type are a rare manifestation of Hand-Schuller-Christian disease. Surgical excision of the involved areas with healing by secondary closure produced good results. PMID- 7356360 TI - Percutaneous intraaortic balloon pumping. PMID- 7356361 TI - Serum cefazolin levels during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - This study was done to assess the adequacy of a regimen using cefazolin as a prophylactic antibiotic for patients undergoing open-heart operation. At the time of the preoperative medication, adult patients received 1 gm of cefazolin intramuscularly, and pediatric patients were given a dose of 20 mg per kilogram of body weight. Group I consisted of 10 adults undergoing a variety of cardiac procedures. The mean serum cefazolin level after institution of cardiopulmonary bypass was 27.36 micrograms/ml (range, 13.1 to 40.3 micrograms/ml). This level remained fairly stable throughout cardiopulmonary bypass. Group II consisted of 10 pediatric patients undergoing cardiac procedures for repair of a variety of congenital anomalies. The mean serum cefazolin level after institution of cardiopulmonary bypass was 20.01 micrograms/ml (range, 11.4 to 28.9 micrograms/ml) and remained stable for the duration of the procedure. In both groups perfusion pressure, urinary output, and body temperature did not seem to have any influence on these levels. It is concluded that the administration of one dose of cefazolin intramuscularly before operation results in an adequate and stable serum cefazolin level in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for up to three hours, possibly longer. PMID- 7356362 TI - Improved anesthesia for deep surface-induced hypothermia: the halothane-diethyl ether azeotrope. AB - The halothane-diethyl ether azeotrope was evaluated in dogs as the anesthetic agent for deep surface hypothermia with total circulatory arrest for open-heart operation. All 10 animals given azeotrope in 100% oxygen (O2) experienced atrial arrhythmias during cooling, and 1 had ventricular fibrillation prior to the completion of cooling at 18 degrees to 20 degrees C. After only 30 minutes' arrest, 8 of the 10 dogs had postoperative motor disturbances. Administering the azeotrope in 95% O2 and 5% carbon dioxide (CO2) yielded markedly improved results characterized by a rapid, smooth cooling course, easy resuscitation following circulatory arrest, and rapid rewarming, and 3 out of 10 dogs experienced mild motor disturbance after 60 minutes of circulatory arrest. This method, when compared with our standard method of ether in 100% O2, resulted in reduced blood lactates and a striking improvement in clinical status on the first postoperative morning. In limited clinical trials, infants undergoing repair of congenital cardiac defects have done well and responded as expected based on the laboratory experience. Since the results with the azeotrope in 95% O2 and 5% CO2 were at least as good as, and in several instances better than, those with the standard method employing either, the nonexplosive characteristic of the azeotrope warrants continued evaluation of this agent. PMID- 7356363 TI - Open-heart surgery in the first week of life. AB - The high mortality of open-heart operations in infants with congenital heart disease has traditionally led to deferral of definitive operation and to use of medical therapy or palliative procedures. The technique of deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest and advances in intensive care have made early repair possible. Since 1973, we have repaired life-threatening but correctable lesions in 11 infants in the first week of life. There are 7 survivors. Four patients had total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, 2 had truncus arteriosus (1 with aortic arch interruption), and 1 each had pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum, critical pulmonary stenosis and intact ventricular septum, D transposition of the great vessels, tetralogy of Fallot, and left ventricular aortic tunnel. Postoperative hypoglycemia (less than 50 mg per 100 ml) developed in 4 patients and hypocalcemia (less than 7 mg per 100 ml), in 5. These problems responded appropriately to replacement therapy. Three of the survivors experienced renal failure, a complication subsequently prevented by use of mild hemodilution perfusion. Two patients had major bleeding, which now is prevented by finer suturing and administration of vitamin K and platelets. One infant, moribund with pH of 6.8 when brought to operation, sustained a cardiac arrest with subsequent brain damage. We conclude that newborns with life-threatening malformations can undergo successful repair. Attention must be paid to their unique metabolic demands, and surgical technique must be meticulous. Early operation before clinical deterioration is essential. PMID- 7356366 TI - Percutaneous intraaortic balloon pumping: initial clinical experience. AB - A new intraaortic balloon is described that can be inserted percutaneously through a 12F sheath by the standard Seldinger technique. Insertion and removal are rapid, and the hemodynamics of balloon pumping are similar to our previous clinical experience with standard single- and dual-chambered intraaortic balloons. The initial clinical experience is detailed. PMID- 7356364 TI - Long-term results of open mitral valvuloplasty. AB - The long-term results of open mitral valvuloplasty in 51 patients are assessed. At the time of operation, 4 patients were in New York Heart Association Functional Class II, 41 in Functional Class III, and 5 in Functional Class IV. Group I (14 patients) had had previous closed mitral commissurotomy. Three patients died 2 to 4 years after open valvuloplasty. One patient died following valve replacement 7 years after the open valvuloplasty. Five others required mitral valve replacement 1 to 12 years following open valvuloplasty. Only 4 of the 14 patients are in Functional Class I or II 10 to 15 years following valvuloplasty. Group II (36 patients) had never undergone a previous mitral operation. Four of them died of progressive myocardial failure 4 to 6 years following valvuloplasty. One patient died of carcinoma of the lung 2 years postoperatively. Six patients underwent valve replacement 6 to 11 years following initial operation. Twenty-six have survived for at least 10 years without additional operation. Fourteen are in Functional Class I, and 12 are in Funcitonal Class II. Open mitral valvuloplasty allows for (1) accurate commissurotomy and careful subvalvular dissection, (2) direct vision to diagnose clot in the left atrial appendage or left atrium proper, (3) accurate assessment of residual or induced mitral regurgitation and immediate repair, and (4) reasonable operative mortality and morbidity. PMID- 7356365 TI - Operation for chronic constrictive pericarditis: Do the surgical approach and degree of pericardial resection influence the outcome significantly? AB - Our experience with 27 patients undergoing pericardiectomy at New York University Medical Center over the past 13 years has evolved a radical pericardiectomy operation suggesting that two traditional concepts are erroneous: (1) pericardiectomy limited to the anterior and lateral surfaces of the ventricles is an adequate operation and (2) delayed recovery is due to myocardial "atrophy" and not to inadequate operation. Radical pericardiectomy entails removal of virtually the entire parietal pericardium from all cardiac surfaces including that of both ventricles, the right atrium, and the venae cavae. Performed in 22 patients by dissecting a cleavage plane between the thickened parietal pericardium and underlying epicardium, all procedures were done through a sternotomy. Intraoperative monitoring of arterial pressure, cardiac output, and wedge pressure is essential because of displacement of the left ventricle. The left ventricle can be completely mobilized so that at the end of the operation the entire heart can be lifted upward and the course of the coronary sinus fully visualized. Intraoperative pressure measurements demonstrate that this radical resection immediately corrects hemodynamic abnormalities (elevated right atrial and ventricular end-diastolic pressures), as demonstrated in 10 patients. Most patients undergo massive diuresis (7 to 16 kg) within two weeks, with an uneventful recovery. These findings contrast markedly with early experiences using a conventional limited pericardiectomy. PMID- 7356367 TI - Pulmonary mucormycosis (Phycomycetes) successfully treated by resection. AB - Pulmonary mucormycosis (Phycomycetes) is an uncommon fungus infection complicating diabetes mellitus, leukemia, lymphoma, and other debilitating diseases. A review of the literature revealed that of 21 diabetic patients in whom Phycomycetes occurred without underlying malignancy, only 7 survived. These 7 underwent operation. This report concerns another patient with pulmonary mucormycosis who was successfully treated by pulmonary resection. PMID- 7356368 TI - Taussig-Bing anomaly: total repair with closure of ventricular septal defect through the pulmonary artery. AB - Total surgical repair of a Taussig-Bing malformation in an 8-year-old boy was accomplished successfully after previous palliative procedures. The child had undergone a Rashkind septostomy when he was 10 days old, banding of the pulmonary artery and division of a patent ductus arteriosus when he was 2 weeks old, and a Blalock-Hanlon septectomy when he was 1 year old. Complete repair involved patching the ventricular septal defect (VSD), debanding and patching the pulmonary artery, and rerouting the venous return by performing a Mustard procedure. Because of its high location, the VSD could not be reached properly through the tricuspid valve and was approached through the pulmonary arteriotomy. Excellent exposure was obtained by retracting the pulmonary valve, and patch closure of the defect was achieved without difficulties. We believe this approach to the VSD is preferable because no incision is necessary in the right ventricle. This is important since the right ventricle becomes the systemic ventricle after the Mustard operation. PMID- 7356369 TI - A new valve retractor for mitral valve procedures. AB - Optimal exposure greatly facilitates reconstructive mitral valve procedures. We describe an effective method for exposing this valve using a specially designed mitral valve retractor. This technique proved useful in 321 patients who underwent operation on the mitral valve. PMID- 7356370 TI - Improved exposure of the mitral valve in patients with a small left atrium. AB - A modification of the usual approach to the mitral valve is described and illustrated. This technique employs right atriotomy and interatrial septotomy, which can be easily performed when standard left atriotomy does not provide satisfactory mitral valve exposure. While this modification is not often necessary, it can be helpful in patients with a small left atrium, especially those with a small left atrium and associated left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 7356371 TI - A technique for preclotting vascular grafts. AB - Porous vascular grafts can be safely and securely sealed prior to use by a thirty minute soak in cryoprecipitate followed by a ten-minute immersion in topical thrombin. This technique does not use the patient's blood and works in a patient fully anticoagulated with heparin. It has provided absolute graft competence in a series of 12 patients with valve conduits and 6 with patch enlargement of the ascending aorta. PMID- 7356373 TI - Further characterization of the nonimmunoglobulin sperm-agglutinin found in some human sera. AB - A comparison is made between some properties of immunoglobulin and nonimmunoglobulin sperm-agglutinins. It is found that antisperm antibodies are directed against spermatozoal components and bind equally well to viable and nonviable spermatozoa. On the other hand nonimmunoglobulin sperm-agglutinins are directed at both spermatozoal and seminal plasma components and bind to viable sperm. beta-lipoprotein may not be involved in the nonimmunoglobulin sperm agglutinin found in human sera. PMID- 7356372 TI - Operation for motor dysfunction of the esophagus. AB - Modern operative treatment of motor dysfunction of the esophagus began in 1949 with the recognition that anastomotic procedures that bypass or destroy the distal esophageal sphincter are associated with the development of reflux esophagitis and stricture. Thirty years later, reflux esophagitis related to esophagomyotomy or intrinsic esophageal disease remains the dominant concern and challenge. This review examines the current status of operative procedures for the management of three important primary disorders of esophageal motility: achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, and scleroderma. Relief of esophageal obstruction by esophagomyotomy or reconstruction is the common surgical goal. The addition of a fundoplication procedure to discourage esophageal reflux remains controversial in each disorder. Esophageal resection may become necessary when stricture persists or esophagomyotomy fails to provide lasting relief of dysphagia. PMID- 7356374 TI - Leucospermia and male fertility. AB - The evaluation of smears of normozoospermic men showed a clear leucospermia in 15% of the patients. There was a slight motility inhibition of the spermatozoa and head-to-head agglutination in the direct surroundings of the leucocytes. Phagocytosis of sperm heads by granulocytes was also evident. Leucospermia was due to prostatis, epididymitis, autoimmune reaction, or the presence of anerobic bacteria which have not been detected by the routing procedures. In twenty percent of all the females examined the aspirates of Douglas pouch contained anerobic bacteria and increased frequency of granulocytes. PMID- 7356375 TI - The significance of chlamydial genital infection in male infertility. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis (C.tr.) is recognized as an aetiological agent in most cases of male nonspecific urethritis, post-gonococcal urethritis, and epididymitis. According to the recent view, C.tr. is considered capable of causing infertility in women, but up to date the significance of C.tr. in male infertility is unknown. According to our study, chlamydial genital infection seems to play a role in male infertility, but in lesser degree than in females. Male chlamydial infection seems to be less intense and more "distal" than female infection. The infection is apparently often quite symptomless. The incidence of genital chlamydial infection in male population evidently increases with age and promiscuity at least from the age of 20 to 30 years. PMID- 7356376 TI - Techniques for culturing and determining antimicrobial susceptibility of Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - The application of cell culture techniques to the study of chlamydiae have led to isolation of C. trachomatis from a variety of syndromes, among which are nongonococcal urethritis, post-gonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, acute salpingitis, neonatal conjunctivitis, and pneumonia of infants. The methods currently employed fo chlamydia isolation are described, as well as the conditions which affect the infectivity of these organisms to cells in vitro. Cell culture methods applicable to the study of the effect of antibacterial drugs on C. trachomatis are also presented. PMID- 7356377 TI - Somatic and germinal cells' interrelationship in the course of seminiferous tubule maturation in man. AB - Certain successive phases of seminiferous tubule maturation were observed in a transsection of a Leydig cell adenoma-bearing testis of a boy with precocious puberty. Massively accumulated Leydig cells may stimulate the maturation of Sertoli cells, as indicated by progressive replacement of Sertoli cell precursors by mature Sertoli cells at a distance closer to the adenoma. On the other hand, tubules less advanced in maturation contained a higher number of somatic cells than those more advanced in maturation. Leydig-cell-dependent maturation of Sertoli cells may be in competition with Certoli cell multiplication, or numerous undifferentiated somatic cells may undergo a natural elimination in the course of tubular maturation. An inverse relation between the number of Sertoli cell precursors and the number of meiotic spermatocytes suggests that quantitative reduction of Sertoli cell precursors may be important for the intratubular milieu necessary for the onset of the first meiosis in man. PMID- 7356378 TI - Estrogen receptor proteins in diverse human tumors. AB - One hundred three diverse benign and malignant human tissues have been assayed for estrogen receptor proteins. Receptors were detected in many endocrine and nonendocrine tumors. Tissues with estrogen receptor activity included four of five male breast carcinomas, 11 of 14 malignant melanomas, four of eight colon carcinomas, five of seven renal carcinomas, and various sarcomas and benign and normal tissues. Some tumors also had progesterone, androgen, and/or glucocorticoid receptors. These results suggest the use of hormones and hormone antagonists for therapy of a broad range of human cancer. Clinicians of diverse expertise should be aware of, and responsive to, potential endocrinological involvement in many dissimilar disease states. PMID- 7356379 TI - Disinfection of surgical wounds without inhibition of normal wound healing. AB - The goal of disinfection of surgical wounds is to destroy as large a number as possible of the microbes that have made their way into the surgical wounds during the time of surgery, without disturbing the normal wound-healing process. It is not a substitute for preoperative disinfection of the skin or aseptic technique, but makes it possible to further decrease the rate of infection in slightly or moderately contaminated wounds. This was shown with a series of 294 pediatric surgical patients, 283 of whom had undergone appendectomy. A 5% povidone-iodine solution, especially in combination with excipients, was too strong, whereas a 1% povidone-iodine solution without excipients applied to the surgical wound was safe from the standpoint of wound healing, and decresed the number of wound infections in those patients with appendicitis in whom neither peritonitis nor periappendicular abscess had yet developed. PMID- 7356380 TI - Value of preoperative evaluation in patients with lymphoma. AB - The records of 136 patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma and of 32 patients with non Hodgkin's lymphoma who underwent staging laparotomy were reviewed. There were changes in the clinical stage of 25% of the patients after laparotomy. Forty-one percent of the lymphangiograms and 55% of the liver-spleen scintiscans were inaccurate or nondiagnostic. There were few stage alterations by laparotomy in patients in clinical stages I and II. There was a higher frequency of stage changes in clinical stage III1 and III2 patients. Staging laparotomy is not recommended for clinical stages I and II but is mandatory for stages III1 and III2. PMID- 7356381 TI - Complete vagotomy. The evolution of an effective technique. AB - In the 36 years since the reintroduction of truncal vagotomy for the treatment of duodenal ulcer, recurrent ulcer at a rate of between 7% and 12% has become accepted as the most serious long-term postoperative complication. Although techniques for performance of complete vagotomy have been described, many of these principles of technique have been either forgotten or discarded. The new techniques of vagotomy, that is, selective and highly selective vagotomy, have realerted us to the necessity of performing a careful and wide anatomic dissection of all periesophageal tissue of the esophagogastric junction. PMID- 7356382 TI - Cecal volvulus. A case for nonresectional therapy. AB - Sixteen cases of acute cecal volvulus were retrospectively evaluated. A follow-up was obtained averaging 5.6 years. The average age of the 14 female and two male patients was 47 years. Sixty-two percent of the patients were younger than 50 years of age. Eighty-one percent of the patients had undergone prior operation, with four of these 13 patients having been operated on within the preceding 30 days. Gynecologic procedures accounted for 40% of the previously performed operations. Plain abdominal films and results of barium enema examination were diagnostic or highly suspicious of cecal volvulus. Fourteen nonresectional procedures were performed. No subsequent abdominal operations for recurrence have been required. The concept that this lesion requires resection in the absence of necrosis cannot be supported by our data. PMID- 7356383 TI - Infiltrating (intramuscular) lipomas and angiolipomas. A clinicopathologic study of six cases. AB - Infiltrating (intramuscular) lipomas and angiolipomas are benign mesenchymal tumors that usually appear as a deep, nontender mass within soft tissue, particularly in the extremities. The average tumor size in six cases studied was 11.2 cm (range, 2.0 to 22.0 cm). On gross examination, these tumors are circumscribed but unencapsulated, with infiltration of adjacent skeletal muscle. The correct preoperative diagnosis is seldom made, and the characteristic infiltrating pattern seen microscopically can lead to a mistaken diagnosis of sarcoma. Soft-tissue roentgenograms can be helpful in diagnosis and localization. The recommended mode of therapy is complete local excision with tumor-free soft tissue margins. None of the six patients described here have experienced recurrence of tumor an average of two years after surgical resection. Prolonged follow-up is recommended, however, since inadequate resection can result in late tumor recurrence. PMID- 7356384 TI - Laparotomy as a precipitating factor in the rupture of intra-abdominal aneurysms. AB - Previously asymptomatic aneurysms in ten patients ruptured within 36 days (mean, ten days) of a prior laparotomy. The laparotomy and associated intra-abdominal disease may have precipitated rupture of the unresected abdominal aneurysms by reduction of the collagen content of the aneurysm wall, thus making the wall weaker. The scar-like collagen fibers of an aneurysm wall provide the strength that permits the wall to resist rupture. There is a dynamic equilibrium between synthesis and lysis of this collagen. Lysis of collagen is enhanced by injury, such as laparotomy, and by nutritional depletion and local inflammation. Collagen lysis is greatest in the area adjacent to the injury, but also occurs at remote sites as well. Lysis is greatest during the first postoperative week, after which, in the absence of sepsis or starvation, synthesis exceeds lysis and the equilibrium is restored. A thin aneurysm wall may be weakened enough during this period of negative collagen balance to allow rupture. PMID- 7356385 TI - Acute abdomen in children with infected ventriculoperitoneal shunts. AB - During the past 48 months, seven children with infected ventriculoperitoneal shunts with acute abdominal emergencies in the absence of neurological signs or symptoms were encountered. Initial confusion in the correct diagnosis led to unnecessary laparatomy in three children and a dangerous delay in the initiation of appropriate treatment in all seven patients. The correct diagnosis was made by analysis of ventricular fluid obtained from the shunt reservoir. Diversion of infected CSF from the inflamed peritoneal cavity combined with intravenous and intraventricular antibiotics resulted in prompt resolution of abdominal signs and successful sterilization of the CSF. Total shunt replacement in uncontaminated CSF followed by postoperative antibiotic therapy administered intravenously effected complete cures in all patients. Awareness of this syndrome and its proper management is of paramount importance. PMID- 7356386 TI - Mesenteric vein thrombosis. The importance of a second-look operation. AB - Mesenteric vein thrombosis is an abdominal emergency that is rarely diagnosed early. Review of the literature has shown that most cases have been treated by intestinal resection, a few by thrombectomy with or without resection. Three cases of mesenteric vein thrombosis were treated by resection, heparinization, and a second-look operation after 24 hours. When necessary, resection was carried out at the second surgical procedure followed by a third-look operation after 24 hours. After the last inspecting operation without further resection, full heparinization was continued and anticoagulation was ultimately maintained with warafin sodium (Coumadin) for at least three months. The authors believe that optimal treatment for mesenteric vein thrombosis should include anticoagulation with heparin sodium and a mandatory second-look operation. PMID- 7356387 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of hepatic and splenic trauma. AB - Blunt abdominal trauma comprises a major portion of surgical emergencies. These patients require imaging modalities that are rapid and accurate. In two patients with upper abdominal trauma, gray scale ultrasound was successfully used both for initial diagnosis and for monitoring the postoperative course. PMID- 7356389 TI - Intimal hyperplasia. An experimental study. AB - Intimal hyperplasia is a common cause of the narrowing and failure of vein grafts in arterial circuits. Various factors may contribute to this. An experimental dog model that isolated the contribution of blood velocity from other possible causes was developed. Intimal hyperplasia was clearly greater in those segments of vein grafts with low-flow velocities. PMID- 7356388 TI - Intra-abdominal abscess caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. AB - An immunologically compromised patient was found to have a postoperative intra abdominal abscess from which Staphylococcus epidermidis was the sole isolate. Studies of the isolate in a rabbit and in mice showed no evidence for unusual virulence of the organism. The S epidermidis probably was introduced into the peritoneal cavity during surgery and, because of the patient's neutropenia, produced a serious infection within a few weeks. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a intra-abdominal abscess associated with S epidermidis to be described in the literature. PMID- 7356390 TI - Sterile, portable radiation shield for the operating room. AB - A sterile, portable radiation shield has been developed to protect the surgeon who must remain in the operative field during radiation exposure. The shield is simple to construct and to use. There is no undue prolongation of operating time. The shield effectively reduces exposure to radiation. PMID- 7356391 TI - Relationship of wheat streak mosaic and barley stripe mosaic viruses to vector and nonvector eriophyid mites. AB - Large amounts of wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) accumulate in the midgut of its mite vector Eriophyes tulipae reared on virus infected plants. Masses of flexuous rod shaped virus particles persisted in the midgut, without degradation, for at least 5 of the 6--9 day adult life of mites. WSMV particles also were found distributed in the body cavity and in salivary glands of mites suggesting that the virus is "circulative" in E. tulipae. Abacarus hystrix, a nonvector of WSMV, when reared on virus infected plants, occasionally contained a small number of virus particles in its gut only. Extracts of such mites were not infective. Barley stripe mosaic (BSMV)--a rod-shaped virus, was not transmitted by E. tulipae, although a large concentration of virus particles was found in the midgut of mites reared on virus infected plants. Extracts of such mites were infective and the virus particles were retained for several days in the gut of such mites held on virus-free plants. BSMV particles were also found in the body cavity of mites. Possible reasons for E. tulipae being a nonvector of BSMV are discussed. PMID- 7356392 TI - Differentiation of ectromelia virus haemagglutinin from haemagglutinins of other poxviruses. AB - The use of mouse erythrocytes in haemagglutinin titrations allows ectromelia virus haemagglutinin (EHA) to be differentiated from the haemagglutinins produced by other members of the variola/vaccinia subgroup of poxviruses. PMID- 7356393 TI - Influenza B virus: alpha-amanitin sensitivity of replication and primer dependence of in vitro transcription. AB - The replication of influenza B/Lee/40 virus in MDCK (canine kidney) cells was sensitive to alpha-amanitin and actinomycin D. In vitro, virion transcriptase activity was stimulated by dinucleotide primers such as ApG. The above characteristics are shared by A/WSN virus. PMID- 7356394 TI - The surface structure of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. AB - An electronmicroscopic study of a suspension of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus by freeze-drying and freeze-etching methods showed that glycoprotein peplomers are located on the surface of the lipoprotein shell. These peplomers are organized with trimer clustering in a T = 4 icosahedral surface lattice. The mode of glycoprotein clustering for the two clones of VEE are different. PMID- 7356395 TI - The haemagglutinating properties of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. AB - The haemagglutinating properties of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus have been investigated. Erythrocytes from a wide range of animals were used in these tests but only cells derived from mice (Balb/c and Manchester strain) gave reproducible haemagglutination. The tests were carried out at various temperatures but haemagglutination only occurred at 4 degrees and 22 degrees C. The haemagglutination was pH dependent with an optimum being between pH 5.75 and 6.0. Variable results were obtained at the same pH values with erythrocytes derived from rats (Sprague Dawley) but the reaction in this case appeared to be related to individual batches of erythrocytes. PMID- 7356396 TI - Replication of eubenangee virus in Culicoides nuberculosus (Mg.) and Culicoides variipennis (Coq.). AB - Eubenangee virus multiplied to a high titre in both Culicoides variipennis and C. nuberculosus after intrathoracic inoculation but only in C. varriipennis after oral ingestion. 7.9 per cent of the orally infected C. variipennis supported virus replication and transmission of virus was demonstrated after 15 days' incubation at 26 degrees C. The significance of low infection rates when assessing vector potential in the laboratory and the relevance of these infection rates to the field situation are also discussed. PMID- 7356397 TI - Biological properties of human interferon fractions obtained by blue sepharose chromatography. AB - Human interferons of lymphoid and nonlymphoid origins were segregated into several fractions by virtue of their elution properties from Blue Sepharose. According to desorption of the main portion of antiviral activity, three major classes could be discerned: 1. Leukocyte interferons eluting predominantly in 0.5 M NaCl buffer, 2. Lymphoblastoid interferons eluting mostly in 1 M NaCl buffer, and 3. Cell culture-derived fibroblast and bladder carcinoma interferons requiring ethylene glycol in addition to 1 M NaCl for elution. Desorption behavior from Blue Sepharose did not necessarily correlate with the presence of specific antigenic markers and no consistent segregation of Le and F antigens in individual fractions was observed. All fractions exhibited comparable activity in heterologous sheep and homologous human cells. Therefore, no distinctive biological features could be associated with multiple interferon species isolated by Blue Sepharose chromatography. PMID- 7356399 TI - Inhibition of macromolecular synthesis in cells infected with an invertebrate virus (iridovirus type 6 or CIV). AB - Chilo Iridescent Virus (CIV), an invertebrate virus, rapidly inhibits cellular RNA, DNA and protein synthesis in permissive and non permissive vertebrate and invertebrate cell lines. The integrity of the viral genome is not required for inhibitory expression, since viral proteins solubilized from CIV by freezing and treatment with EDTA exhibit inhibitory properties similar to those of intact virions. PMID- 7356398 TI - Polypeptide synthesis in alphavirus-infected Aedes albopictus cells during the establishment of persistent infection. AB - Polypeptide synthesis was examined in mosquito cells during the establishment of a persistent infection with two alphaviruses, Ross River virus (RRV) and Semliki Forest virus (SFV), and in vertebrate cells cytopathically-infected with the same viruses. In Aedes albopictus cell, RRV reached peak titres at 34--48 hours p.i. At 12 hours 85 per cent of cells assayed as infected by infective centre assay; by 48 hours when persistence was established, virus production was reduced and less than 5 per cent of cells assayed as infected. There was no shut-down of host polypeptide synthesis during infection. Viral polypeptide synthesis was maximal between 10 and 24 hours p.i. The major viral polypeptides labelled were nucleocapsid protein and envelope protein(s). The precursor polypeptide p95 which was prominent in infected BHK cells was not detected in mosquito cells. Similar results were obtained on SFV infection. During the establishment of persistence there was a coordinate decline in the synthesis of RRV polypeptides, reaching undetectable levels by 72 hours p.i. Subculturing persitently-infected cells led to a small increase in viral polypeptide synthesis and virus titre. In contrast, during RRV growth in BHK celos host protein synthesis was severly inhibited and by 9--11 hours p.i. virus-specific polypeptide synthesis represented more than 90 per cent of total protein synthetic activity. PMID- 7356400 TI - Effect of virazole (ribavirin) on tomato spotted wilt virus in two systemic hosts, tomato and tobacco. AB - Virazole (1, beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide = Ribavirin), a synthetic nucleoside analogue, has been successfully used against tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in tomato and tobacco plants. In tomato, the most efficient concentration to control TSWW was 500 mg/l while in tobacco, concentrations of 100 mg/l were sufficient to control systemic infection. When the plants did not show a systemic reaction virus could not be recovered from inoculated and treated tomato and tobacco plants by means of the local lesion assay. The results point out the response of a new plant virus to Virazole and indicate a possibility of controlling TSWW systemic infection. PMID- 7356401 TI - Subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to spinal arteriovenous malformation and aneurysm. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A patient with recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage was seen initially with intermittent signs and symptoms of intracranial and spinal cord dysfunction. Myelography and spinal angiography revealed an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and aneurysm of the spinal cord. Extensive investigation failed to reveal any intracranial lesion. The relationship of subarachnoid hemorrhage at a spinal level to the development of remote neurological abnormalities is discussed, and previous reports of aneurysms associated with spinal AVM are reviewed. PMID- 7356402 TI - Neonatal polycythemia causing multiple cerebral infarcts. AB - A child had neonatal polycythemia, severe seizures beginning at 6 weeks of age, and a computerized tomography scan showing multiple cerebral infarcts. Follow-up showed substantial developmental delay with spastic quadriplegia. This case illustrates that neonatal polycythemia is a rare but preventable cause of multiple cerebral infarctions, subsequent seizures, and developmental delay. PMID- 7356403 TI - Idiopathic hyperammonemia associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformation. A potentially treatable form of impaired mental function. AB - A patient with a cerebral arteriovenous malformation and a seizure disorder complained of impaired mental function. He had recurrent idiopathic hyperammonemia with no evidence of renal, hepatic, or pulmonary disease. Mental function improved in this patient with reduction of blood ammonia level. Impaired mental function as a complication in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations has been reported. To our knowledge, this particular syndrome has not previously been delineated in the extensive literature on cerebral arteriovenous malformations. The factors underlying this disorder are unknown. PMID- 7356404 TI - Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis due to indwelling transvenous pacemaker catheter. AB - Venous thrombosis from transvenous cardiac pacemakers may result in thromboembolism and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Although uncommon, both are potentially fatal complications. The latter is not well appreciated. The patient described illustrates this entity and the spectrum of venous thrombosis as a complication of intravascular foreign bodies is discussed. PMID- 7356405 TI - Clonazepam treatment of insomnia due to sleep myoclonus. AB - Nocturnal myoclonus has been identified as a cause of disturbed sleep and excessive daytime fatigue. To our knowledge, no therapy has heretofore been available to adequately control this problem. We identified this problem clinically in two patients; in one, the phenomenon was observed with a polygraphic sleep recording. Small doses of clonazepam, 1 mg, before retiring were found to specifically control the myoclonus and allow sleep patterns to return to normal. PMID- 7356406 TI - Violent automatism in a partial complex seizure. Report of a case. AB - We describe a patient who had a violent automatism that occurred during a partial complex seizure. The initial spike wave activity was recorded from nasopharyngeal leads that were lost as the patient began his vigorous, violent activity. This activity included nondirected, automatic, stereotyped behavior with physical assaults on objects in his path. PMID- 7356407 TI - Nemaline rod myopathy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Report of a case in a 10 year-old girl. AB - A 10-year-old girl studied with genetic, clinical, electrodiagnostic, and histopathologic methods showed evidence for both nemaline rod myopathy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Although Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease was documented in the family, no other members were found to have clinical and electrodiagnostic evidence for a primary myopathy. PMID- 7356408 TI - Cerebral phlebothrombosis. A complication of lymphoma. AB - A patient with malignant lymphoma died as the result of cerebral phlebothrombosis. The presence of "leukostasis" restricted to the CNS associated with venous necrosis is a possible mechanism leading to venous thrombosis. PMID- 7356410 TI - Arteriovenous malformations of the brain. II: Current concepts and treatment. AB - In this second of a two-part article, the treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain is discussed. The natural course of these lesions, which is treacherous, must be balanced against the risk-effectiveness of various therapies. Radiotherapy rarely abolishes these lesions and subjects the patient to the risk of radionecrosis and rebleed from the AVM. Embolization, which involves the placement of small spheres into the lesion under radiographic control, is a moderately safe procedure that can reduce the size of, but rarely eliminates, these malformations. Embolization, however, has been used effectively in preparing the lesion for excision. The techniques of contemporary surgery and the results of treatment of a large number of AVMs are discussed. PMID- 7356409 TI - Dejerine-Sottas disease revisited. AB - The fundamental clinical and pathologic findings associated with Dejerine-Sottas disease were reported in a series of three communications at the turn of the century. The salient pathologic observations made at that time regarding the characteristics of hypertrophic neuropathy occurring in infancy are recalled and reviewed in light of more recent studies. PMID- 7356411 TI - Interferon in biopsy and autopsy specimens of brain. Its presence in herpes simplex virus encephalitis. AB - Quantitative virus and interferon titers were assayed in temporal lobe brain biopsy specimens (six patients); in various regions of the brain at autopsy (five of the six patients); and in serums and CSF during courses of herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis. Until the tenth day of neurologic disease, interferon (geometric mean titer, 25 units/mL) was present in each virus-positive brain biopsy specimen. The geometric mean HSV-1 titer at brain biopsy was 328 tissue culture dose (TCD)50/g. On the sixth day of disease, CSF from the sole survivor contained 160 units/mL, but five other samples of CSF contained no detectable interferon. No serums from any of the six patients contained interferon. At autopsies performed on the sixth to 19th day of neurologic disease, 13 of 35 of the regional areas of the brain retained HSV, but only a single specimen from a temporal lobe had measurable interferon. Early in the course of HSV-1 encephalitis, substantial interferon titers are present in areas of virus multiplication. This local brain interferon is insufficient alone to inhibit progression of a disease but could possibly be important in combination with antiviral chemotherapy. PMID- 7356412 TI - Critical frequency of photic driving in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. A comparison to pattern evoked responses. AB - Patients with known or suspected multiple sclerosis (MS) were tested for abnormalities in visual evoked potentials. We compared the critical frequency of photic driving (CFPD) with pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (PVER). We found the CFPD to be somewhat more sensitive than PVER for detecting abnormalities in the visual pathways of patients with MS. When used together, the two were complementary, each fining abnormalities that the other missed. When evaluating patients with MS with evoked potentials, both PVER and CFPD should be tested. PMID- 7356413 TI - Sensory neuropathy associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. Histologic and morphometric studies. AB - Sensory symptoms can develop in the course of primary biliary cirrhosis. They have been attributed to xanthomatous infiltrates of the nerves. We report a case of a young woman suffering from pure sensory neuropathy starting at a time when evidence of liver disease was minimal. Histologic and morphometric studies of sural nerve biopsy specimens obtained from calf and ankle showed a dying-back type of axonal degeneration predominantly affecting large myelinated fibers. No lipid-containing cells were seen, which raises the possibility that other mechanisms related to primary biliary cirrhosis are involved in the pathogenesis of the neuropathy. PMID- 7356414 TI - Left unilateral agraphia and tactile anomia. Disturbances seen after occulusion of the anterior cerebral artery. AB - A 53-year-old right-handed Japanese man had a callosal disconnection syndrome associated with an occlusion of the left pericallosal artery. Computerized tomography scan confirmed a left medial lesion affecting the cingulate gyrus, the paracentral lobule, the precuneus of the left hemisphere, and most probably the corpus callosum. This anterior cerebral artery syndrome was characterized by right hemiparesis with predominant crural involvement, unilateral left-sided "disconnection" agraphia, and left unilateral "disconnection" tactile naming deficit. To our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature of the anterior cerebral artery syndrome in which unilateral leftsided apraxia was not associated with agraphia. The case is also the first in which Kanji-Kana dissociation of an aphasic nature has been reported as a feature of isolated left agraphia. PMID- 7356415 TI - The aphasia syndrome of stroke in the left anterior cerebral artery territory. AB - Two patients with transcortical motor aphasia are described. Both had infarcts in the distribution of the left anterior cerebral artery confirmed by computerized tomography (CT). The distinctive language abnormality, unusual EEG pattern, and nuclide and CT scan abnormalities all allow ready diagnosis of the syndrome of infarction in this distribution. The mechanism of the language disturbance is reviewed and implications for treatment and prognosis are discussed. PMID- 7356416 TI - Possible role of androgen receptors in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A hypothesis. AB - Androgen receptors have been demonstrated in both cranial nerve and spinal motor neurons. This article proposes that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may be a disease in which androgen receptors in motor neurons are lost or not functioning. This is suggested by the male-to-female ratio of the disease, the age of onset, and the sparing of neurons of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI that coincidentally lack androgen receptors. The hypothesis is that ALS may be due to a loss of androgen receptors that results in an inability to respond to a variety of insults including axonal damage. PMID- 7356417 TI - Dystonic foot response of Parkinsonism. AB - One third of a patient population with idiopathic parkinsonism was found to suffer from debilitating, painful dystonic movements of the lower extremities. The prevalence of this involuntary movement disorder was found to be positively correlated with the duration of dopaminergic treatment, but it also occurred occasionally in untreated persons. We suggest that the "dystonic foot response of parkinsonism" is a distinct clinical entity that has no localizing value in frontal lobe disorders and is associated with extrapyramidal disease. This disorder, though exacerbated by dopaminergic therapy, also differs from well accepted dopaminergic side-effects and does not predictably respond to manipulation of antiparkinsonian medications. Although the precise pathophysiology of this movement disorder is unknown, its response to baclofen therapy suggests that neurotransmitter systems other than cholinergic or dopaminergic ones may be implicated. PMID- 7356418 TI - Cerebral computerized tomography in intracranial inflammatory disorders. AB - Computerized tomography was used in 35 patients with intracranial inflammatory disease. Computerized tomography was most reliable in differentiating cerebritis from an encapsulated abscess. Low-density areas with no or only patchy enhancement are consistent with the presence of cerebritis, whereas peripheral rim enhancement with a surrounding area of low density suggests an encapsulated abscess. Computerized tomography was valuable for determining the presence of hydrocephalus and extracerebral lesions and for observing the response to therapy. PMID- 7356419 TI - Increased dosage of carbidopa in patients with Parkinson's disease receiving low doses of levodopa. A pilot study. AB - Twenty-one patients with Parkinson's disease were studied because their low maintenance dosages of carbidopa-levodopa in the customary ratio of 1:10 provided less than the daily 75 mg of carbidopa believed necessary to achieve full inhibition of extracerebral dopa decarboxylation. The dosage of carbidopa was increased 2.5 times to between 75 and 150 mg daily, while the mean dosage of levodopa essentially was unchanged. The new carbidopa-levodopa ratio was 1:4. During 15 months, this treatment produced a moderate decrease in the severity of parkinsonism and a marked decrease in peripheral adverse reactions, without a significant increase in the central adverse effects of levodopa. It is concluded that increasing the dosage of carbidopa may be beneficial to patients with Parkinson's disease receiving less than 75 mg of carbidopa and 750 mg of levodopa daily. PMID- 7356420 TI - CSF formation and absorption estimates by constant flow infusion method. AB - The constant-flow infusion method has been used to calculate conductance and the rate of CSF formation in 54 patients with varied but stable clinical pictures, normal CSF pressures, and dilated ventricles. Values for conductance varied from 0.00203 to 0.0263 mL/min/mm H2O, with a peak between 0.005 and 0.010, mL/min/mm H2O. Values for CSF formation uncorrected for a small, negative linear term containing the sagittal sinus pressure varied from 0.114 to 3.0 mL/min, with a peak between 0.5 and 1.0 mL/min, a range considerably larger than that given by earlier studies. Results indicate that CSF formation is reduced in the presence of low conductance. There is a possibility that the syndrome of normal pressure hydrocephalus results from underformation with ventricular stagnation. Low conductance values may identify shunt-responsive syndromes. PMID- 7356421 TI - Treatment with tryptophan of levodopa-associated psychiatric disturbances. AB - The effect of 2 to 6 g of tryptophan per day on levodopa-induced psychiatric symptoms was tested in nine patients with Parkinson's disease in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The psychiatric disturbances were not greatly altered by administration of tryptophan. PMID- 7356422 TI - Left hemisphere visual processes in a case of right hemisphere symptomatology. Implications for theories of cerebral lateralization. AB - A patient with a visuospatial disturbance characteristic of posterior right hemisphere disease was examined under different conditions of stimulus presentation. The visuospatial defect, which was shown by the failure to perceive abnormalities concerning the left side of objects and the misperception of spatial relations, was present under conditions of unrestricted visual exposure. However, when the stimulus material was briefly exposed in the right visual field, performance improved substantially. These data suggest that the visuospatial defect seen after right hemisphere disease is atributable to factors other than the incapacity of the left hemisphere to process visuospatial information. Our observations, together with other evidence, lead us to question those theories of cerebral lateralization based on the notion that visuospatial processing is special to the right hemisphere. PMID- 7356423 TI - Brachial plexus neuropathy. An electrophysiologic evaluation. AB - Electromyographic data were analyzed in a retrospective study of 16 patients with idiopathic brachial plexus neuropathy (BPN) and 15 patients with secondary BPN. In both groups, abnormalities on sensory and musculocutaneous motor conduction studies and lack of paraspinal fibrillation potentials on needle examination seemed most helpful in localizing a lesion to the brachial plexus. Routine motor conduction studies (distal and proximal ulnar and median) and F-wave latencies were less helpful. PMID- 7356426 TI - Meningitis caused by Candida tropicalis. AB - Meningeal infection with Candida remains rare. We report its occurrence in a healthy man following mastoid exploration for chronic suppurative middle ear disease. The infective agent proved to be C tropicalis, which has only been isolated from CSF in two previous cases of Candida meningitis. PMID- 7356424 TI - Arachnoid cysts in children. AB - Twenty-seven cases of intracranial arachnoid cysts in children aged 1 to 16 years have been studied with attention to diagnosis, pathologic findings, and surgical treatment. In nine patients, the cyst was located in the posterior fossa. In eight patients, there were other CNS or other organ system abnormalities. No specific symptom complex can be ascribed to arachnoid cysts in that the clinical manifestations are the result of their size and location, secondary complications, and remote effects. This is illustrated in the ten cases reported. PMID- 7356425 TI - Subarachnoid spinal hemorrhage in a case of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A 50-year-old woman with an 18-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) died after an exacerbation of the illness, characterized by deteriorating mentation and right hemiplegia. Necropsy revealed massive spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage resulting from aneurysmal dilation and rupture of the posterior spinal artery, which was involved by vasculitis. The left parietal lobe and internal capsule contained recent infarcts. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of SLE with spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage revealed by necropsy. PMID- 7356427 TI - Craniopharyngioma simulating bilateral internal ophthalmoplegia. AB - A 15-year-old girl had rapid onset of an apparent bilateral internal ophthalmoplegia. Subsequent evaluation revealed a large craniopharyngioma. It is uncommon for a mass to cause such eye findings and unique for a craniopharyngioma to manifest in this fashion. PMID- 7356428 TI - Stiff-man syndrome with abnormalities in CSF and computerized tomography findings. Report of a case. AB - We report a case of stiff-man syndrome with abnormal spinal fluid. Serum protein values were normal, but the spinal fluid levels of immunogammaglobulin G and acute-phase proteins were elevated. We discuss the possibility of an inflammatory process of the nervous system as a cause for these findings. Another interesting observation in our patient was that of local atrophies seen on computerized tomography, indicating hemispheral and especially brainstem lesions. Furthermore, as a new therapeutic possibility, we demonstrated the improvement of spasms and rigidity under the influence of heat. PMID- 7356430 TI - Optic nerve tuberculoma. A case report. AB - An intrinsic tuberculoma of the left optic nerve was found at necropsy in a 1 1/2 year-old child with tuberculous meningitis and disseminated miliary tuberculosis. PMID- 7356429 TI - Bilateral gaze paralysis with positive computerized tomography findings. A clinicoanatomic correlation. AB - The subacute development of an almost isolated bilateral gaze paralysis in a patient with mycosis fungoides allowed a unique opportunity for in vivo clinicoanatomical correlation when enhanced computerized tomography (CT) scan revealed two extremely small lesions of the pontine tegmentum. The larger lesion involved the region occupied by the medial longitudinal fasciculus and the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) bilaterally, and was alone sufficient to account for the eye movement disorder. PMID- 7356431 TI - Rhabdomyolysis during treatment with epsilon-aminocaproic acid. AB - Severe rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure occurred in a patient receiving epsilon-aminocaproic acid. The lack of evidence of vascular involvement in the muscle biopsy specimen suggests that epsilon-aminocaproic acid may have direct myotoxicity. This drug may produce a spectrum of muscle disease from mild myopathy to life-threatening rhabdomyolysis. PMID- 7356432 TI - Use of selective arteriography in the treatment of epistaxis. AB - Selective carotid arteriography can provide useful information in patients with massive epistaxis. It is limited in application because special techniques and preparation are necessary. Careful selection of patients is mandatory. It is not appropriate as a screening procedure for all patients with epistaxis. The procedure is especially useful when previous surgical control of the bleeding site has failed. Residual branches of the internal maxillary and ethmoid arteries are readily identified. The development of collateral blood flow to the nasal area from many sources can be recognized. The complexity of collateral blood flow emphasizes the necessity for controlling hemorrhage as close to the source as possible. At the same time, it suggests that long-term control of bleeding in the nasal area may fail due to this vast network of vessels. PMID- 7356434 TI - Laryngoscopic and voice characteristics of aged persons. AB - Laryngoscopic and voice changes in aged persons were examined in 20 men and 20 women with a mean age of 75 years. From recordings of their voices, voice quality was assessed and the fundamental frequency and pitch perturbation were measured. The characteristic findings obtained were as follows: the aged men tended to show marked vocal fold atrophy and/or edema, with a higher fundamental frequency of voice than young men, and the aged women tended to have vocal fold edema and slight hoarseness, with a lower fundamental frequency than young women. Voice changes in senescence are characterized by slight hoarseness or a noticeable change in fundamental frequency of voice. Change in the mass of vocal folds, due, for example, to atrophy or edema, is considered to be the greatest factor in these voice changes. PMID- 7356433 TI - Quantitative histologic features of the normal frontal sinus. AB - The entire mucosa from 30 normal frontal sinuses was removed, stained by the whole mount method, and the density of goblet cells and mucous glands was determined. There was an average of 6,300 goblet cells per square millimeter without statistically significant differences between the various walls. The glands were small and seromucous. In 87% of the sinuses, the gland density was less than 0.2 glands per square millimeter, and the total gland count did not exceed 40. This represents a totally negligible mucus production, which must be derived predominantly from the goblet cells. The density proved significantly higher in the inferior parts of the sinuses. The findings are discussed in relation to other areas of the respiratory tract. PMID- 7356435 TI - Acute and chronic effects of ammonia burns on the respiratory tract. AB - Exposure to anhydrous ammonia can result in substantial injury to the respiratory system, eyes, and integument. In this retrospective study, we present the acute and chronic respiratory manifestations in 12 patients exposed to anhydrous ammonia as a result of the same accident. Survivors suffering significant ill effects are separated into two groups according to history and clinical course. One group of patients sustained exposure to high concentrations of ammonia over a short period of time. They manifested upper airway obstruction and required early intubation or tracheostomy. These patients recovered with few pulmonary sequelae and are presently in good pulmonary health. The second group of patients were exposed to lower concentrations of gas over a prolonged period of time and did not manifest upper airway obstruction. In this group of patients, however, significant long-term pulmonary sequelae are manifested. PMID- 7356438 TI - Eosinophilic granuloma of the temporal bone. Two cases with bilateral involvement. AB - Bilateral involvement of the temporal bones is a rare manifestation of eosinophilic granuloma, a disease characterized by solitary or multiple foci of osteolytic damage. We report two cases in which the ambiguous and unusual initial symptoms and clinical course constituted a difficult diagnostic problem. In each case, the therapeutic approach used was different: the first was treated with a combination of radiotherapy and corticosteroids and the second with a combination of chemotherapy and corticosteroids. We have reviewed the literature, and the possible symptoms and clinical course are described. We report our views on the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the disease. PMID- 7356439 TI - Bilateral internal carotid aneurysms in the petrous temporal bones. AB - A unique case of bilateral intrapetrous internal carotid aneurysms is reported. The importance of an accurate diagnosis before surgical intervention is stressed and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 7356440 TI - Asphyxia caused by laryngeal impaction of an esophageal polyp. AB - We report a case of asphyxia due to laryngeal obstruction by an esophageal polyp with subsequent cerebral anoxia and death. We review the clinical manifestations and pathological aspects of benign esophageal tumors, with emphasis on the importance of an early diagnosis if a patient has repeated sensations of a regurgitated pharyngeal mass. PMID- 7356436 TI - Intravenous histamine in otologic practice. Side effects in 2,347 administrations. AB - Intravenous (IV) histamine has been used extensively at the Otologic Medical Group, Inc, Los Angeles, for 30 years in the treatment of various conditions in which vasospasm was thought to play a part in the cause. We report the findings on 2,347 IV histamine administrations to 622 patients during a 33-month period. Dizziness was the indication for treatment in half of the patients. Sensorineural hearing impairments was the diagnosis in an additional 44%, and the majority of these had had a sudden impairment. Side effects were uncommon, never serious, and bore no relationship to the results of the histamine skin test or the patient's general medical problem. The IV histamine treatment resulted in improvement in symptoms in 36%, and almost half of those improvements were immediate. PMID- 7356437 TI - Saccule otoconia displacement into cochlea in cochleosaccular degeneration. AB - Eight human temporal bones from five patients demonstrated varying degrees of cochleosaccular degeneration. Otoconial debris, with tissue reaction, was demonstrated within the ductus reuniens and cochlear duct, as far distal as the middle of the ascending basal limb. Saccule degeneration could be the primary lesion in cochleosaccular degeneration related to heredity or aging, with cochlear changes secondary to the presence of displaced otoconia. In cochleosaccular degeneration of viral cause, if saccule otoconial displacement occurs, it may possibly produce additional damage in a cochlea involved by viral infection. Cochlear damage might be related to the severity of otoconial displacement and/or to impaired clearing mechanisms of the cochlea. Retrograde cochlear hydrops, secondary to collapse of the saccule, occurs first in the cecum vestibulare and may extend distally. PMID- 7356441 TI - An unusual congenital middle ear ossicular anomaly. AB - Unilateral congenital absence of the stapes suprastructure occurred in association with displaced attachment of the stapedial tendon on an abbreviated incudal lenticular process. The stapes footplate was intact and mobile, and the middle ear was otherwise normal. This is interpreted to be a developmental aberration involving partial absence of a second branchial arch derivative. The preoperative history of no trauma or surgery and the audiologic analysis correlated with the occurrence of this anomaly. This appears to be the first reported case of this unusual congenital anomaly. In addition, it adds a unique item to the differential diagnosis of the pathologic features implicated in an ear with a conductive deficit, intact stapedius reflex, and tympanogram consistent with ossicular discontinuity. PMID- 7356442 TI - Solitary nasal polyp. PMID- 7356443 TI - Use of electromyography. PMID- 7356444 TI - Resident's page. Extramedullary plasmacytoma and sarcoidosis. PMID- 7356445 TI - Primary structure of three leucine transfer RNAs from bean chloroplast. PMID- 7356446 TI - The mode of action of aphidicolin on DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei. PMID- 7356447 TI - Identification of an endogenous peptide-ligand for the benzodiazepine receptor. PMID- 7356448 TI - Ganglioside accumulation in cultured skin fibroblasts from gangliosidosis patients. PMID- 7356449 TI - 5'-Deoxypyridoxal inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor binding in HeLa S3 cells and rat thymocytes. PMID- 7356450 TI - Substrate regulation of histone acetyltransferase from Artemia salina. PMID- 7356451 TI - Colchicine binding to an oligomer of tubulin. PMID- 7356452 TI - Ribbon shaped histone H4 aggregates. PMID- 7356453 TI - 25-Azacycloartanol, a potent inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-sterol-C-24 and C-28 methyltransferases in higher plant cells. PMID- 7356454 TI - Effects of cycloartenol and lanosterol on artificial and natural membranes. PMID- 7356455 TI - DNA polymerase activity, probably DNA polymerase alpha, remains associated to microtubules after successive polymerization cycles. PMID- 7356456 TI - Polymerization of membrane components in aging red blood cells. PMID- 7356457 TI - Comparison of coenzyme F420 from Methanobacterium bryantii with 7- and 8-hydroxy 10-methyl-5-deazaisoalloxazine. PMID- 7356459 TI - Preparation and conformational characterization of Cr (III) hemoglobin. PMID- 7356458 TI - 1-Butanol extracted proteolipid. Proton conducting properties. PMID- 7356460 TI - The modifying effect of sodium ascorbate on DNA damage and repair after N-methyl N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment in vivo. PMID- 7356461 TI - Inactivation of alanine aminotransferase by the neurotoxin beta-cyano-L-alanine. PMID- 7356462 TI - Association of ATP citrate lyase with mitochondria. PMID- 7356463 TI - Differential fluorescence enhancement of 8-anilino-1-napthalene sulfonic acid by ricin A and B chains. PMID- 7356464 TI - A new source of carbon oxides in biochemical systems. Implications regarding dioxetane intermediates. PMID- 7356465 TI - Detergent induced inhibition of eukaryotic RNA polymerase B activity and amanitin binding. PMID- 7356466 TI - Inhibition of DNA synthesis in the adenovirus DNA replication complex by aphidicolin and 2',3'-dideoxythymidine triphosphate. PMID- 7356467 TI - The effect of cytosol from regenerating rat liver on the in vitro RNA synthesis of isolated cell nuclei from a Morris hepatoma; comparative studies on molecular hybridization of nuclear RNA. PMID- 7356469 TI - A proposed mechanism for light emission by bacterial luciferase involving dissociative electron transfer. PMID- 7356468 TI - Glycosaminoglycans are integral constituents of renal glomerular basement membrane. PMID- 7356470 TI - Free fatty acid mobilization in the development of cerium-induced fatty liver. PMID- 7356471 TI - The hydroxypyridinium crosslinks of skeletal collagens: their measurement, properties and a proposed pathway of formation. PMID- 7356472 TI - On the dual localization of lipoprotein lipase in rat heart. Studies with a modified perfusion technique. PMID- 7356473 TI - Inhibition of tubulin polymerization by mebendazole. PMID- 7356474 TI - Transcription of a specific product from cloned T4 tRNA genes in Xenopus germinal vesicle extract. PMID- 7356476 TI - Application of fluorescamine XII. Chiroptical properties of fluorescamine condensation compounds with some less common alpha-amino acids. PMID- 7356475 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to connective tissue macromolecules: type II collagen. PMID- 7356477 TI - Rate of synthesis and concentration of specific mRNA sequences in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells compared to liver cells. PMID- 7356478 TI - Interaction of lentil lectin with human platelets. Evidence against glycoprotein II as aggregation mediator. PMID- 7356479 TI - The 20,000-dalton variant of human growth hormone: location of the amino acid deletions. PMID- 7356480 TI - Isolation of myosin messenger ribonucleoprotein particles which contain a protein fraction affecting myosin synthesis. PMID- 7356481 TI - The molecular weight of the cell-free translation product of alpha l (I) procollagen mRNA. PMID- 7356483 TI - Human interferon and cell growth inhibition. V. Effect of ouabain on interferon activities. PMID- 7356482 TI - Direct mitogenic effects of human somatomedin on human embryonic lung fibroblasts. PMID- 7356485 TI - Photaffinity labeling of specific muscarinic antagonist binding sites of brain: I. Preliminary studies using two p-azidophenylacetate esters of tropine. PMID- 7356484 TI - Tryptic cleavage of a peptide at modified aspartic acid. PMID- 7356486 TI - Preliminary characterization of a xylose acceptor prepared by hydrogen fluoride treatment of proteoglycan core protein. PMID- 7356487 TI - Rapid alteration in Ca++ content and fluxes in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treated myoblasts. PMID- 7356488 TI - The amphipathic membrane proteins associated with gangliosides: the Paul-Bunnel antigen is one of the gangliophilic proteins. PMID- 7356489 TI - Degradation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide by tissue homogenates. PMID- 7356490 TI - Rapid incorporation of the human neutrophil plasma membrane cytochrome b into phagocytic vacuoles. PMID- 7356491 TI - Formation of an AMP-protein complex in HeLa cells. PMID- 7356492 TI - Research: the third dimension of librarianship. AB - The rapid accumulation of data through increasingly sophisticated computer technology has created an unprecedented information explosion which might better be called an ignorance explosion. Data gathering emphasizing quantity rather than quality, speed of transmission rather than reliability or relevance, poses a challenge to the future of librarianship. Two concerns are discussed: (1) Relationship of technology to the information age. Librarians must be concerned with the methodology used in data collection, including the value judgments reflected in this activity. (2) Preparation of medical librarianship for the future. The profession will grow only as a result of individual effort, the recognition of people, and an appreciation of human values. Thus far, attempts to evaluate needs focus on technology while neglecting research into the human aspect. The author proposes that dimensions of the total professional model for medical librarianship must include research, as well as education and practice. The need to aid in the development of library researchers at the Ph.D. level through a National Library of Medicine program similar to that offered to researchers by the National Institutes of Health is stressed. By way of federal assistance and scholarships made available through national library associations, library research can become the vital and effective third dimension that will redefine the traditional concept of information storage and service in human terms, thus introducing a new relevance into the area of medical librarianship during the coming decades. PMID- 7356493 TI - The CLR/NLM Health Sciences Library Management Intern Program: first year. AB - The first year of the Health Sciences Library Management Intern Program, funded by the National Library of Medicine and administered by the Council on Library Resources, has recently been completed. This paper discusses the origins of the internship, the selection of the successful applicants, and the motivation of the interns and host directors. The basic components of the intership year are described, and its effects on the host libraries and interns are considered. The immediate future of the internship is outlined, and other methods for training health sciences library administrators are briefly discussed. PMID- 7356494 TI - NLM's Medical Library Resource Improvement Grant for Consortia Development: a proposed outline to simplify the application process. AB - The National Library of Medicine's Resource Improvement Grant for Consortia is available to assist with developing hospital library consortia, and to support the development of basic healthy information collections. In an effort to simplify the grant application process, this paper presents suggestions for writing the narrative section of the first budget-period application, using the outline in NLM's Application Instructions for Consortium Applicants. Suggestions for writing the narratives of the second budget-period application and the collection development application are also included. PMID- 7356495 TI - Communicating the results of NLM grant-supported library projects. AB - National Library of Medicine research, resource project, and resource improvement grant-related communication activity was measured and examined as an initial task in exploring information exchanges in health sciences librarianship. Grantees were generally found to be reporting results extensively in a variety of written formats and oral presentations. Ways to improve the transfer and utilization of research and development activity results are presented. PMID- 7356496 TI - Descriptive cataloging of serials: the National Library of Medicine versus the Library of Congress. AB - Descriptive cataloging practices for serial differ significantly in some respects between the Library of Congress and the National Library of Medicine. This paper compares some of these differences and indicates the impact they can have on the development of on-line cooperative data bases such as OCLC. Attention is also given to the possible impact of the second edition of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules on serials cataloging. The need for standardization is stressed. PMID- 7356497 TI - The effect of inflation on the cost of journals on the Brandon list. AB - A study of the increases over the past twenty years in the cost of the journals included in the 1977 Brandon list was conducted. This information is compared to the general U.S. rate of inflation for the same period as represented by the consumer price index. Results indicate that the Brandon list journal's prices have been increasing at a significantly higher rate than the general rate of inflation for this period. This information should be useful to the hospital librarian who must justify to administrators the need for increased funding beyond the general rate of inflation. PMID- 7356499 TI - The status of women in the administration of health sciences libraries: a five year follow-up study, 1972-1977. AB - A follow-up survey was conducted in 1977, five years after a previous survey of head librarians in large biomedical libraries, to assess changes that had occurred in the representation of women in top administrative positions. Results for the 126 libraries that responded are reported in six category groupings, with comparative figures for 1977, 1972, and 1950. Also reported are data on head librarian and associate librarian positions and on the appointment rate of women and men to head librarian posts that became vacant from 1972 to 1977. Despite a large number of vacancies and turnover, which provided an opportunity for change to have occurred, the most striking aspect of the 1977 survey is the similarity of its results to those of the 1972 survey. Women made up over three-fourths of the librarian work force and held considerably less than one-half of the head librarian positions. PMID- 7356498 TI - Random time sampling with self-observation for library cost studies: unit costs of reference questions. AB - The working time of reference librarians was sampled using random alarm devices and a structured checklist of mutually exclusive categories of reference questions. An average wage rate was applied to the unit time reciprocals derived from the resulting percentages. Wage costs for directional questions averaged $1.98; extended reference queries, $4.57. Random time sampling with self observation gives acceptable reliability at low cost, minimal interference with service operations, and minimal distortion of collected data due to the collection process. It can be carried out by library managers themselves. PMID- 7356500 TI - One hospital library consortium's experience: from external funds to internal support. PMID- 7356501 TI - From affiliation to bilateral arrangement: the evolution of a concept. PMID- 7356502 TI - Tumorigenic activity of benzo(e)pyrene derivatives on mouse skin and in newborn mice. AB - The tumorigenic activities of benzo(e)pyrene and several of its derivatives were determined in two mouse tumor models. Newborn Swiss-Webster mice were given i.p. injections of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mumol of compound on the first, eighth, and 15th day of life, respectively. When the mice were 62 to 66 weeks old, the experiment was terminated by killing the animals. Benzo(e)pyrene, trans-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5 dihydrobenzo(e)pyrene, and trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrobenzo(e)pyrene had little or no tumorigenic activity in lung tissue, although trans-9,10-dihydroxy 9,10-dihydrobenzo(e) pyrene did induce a significant number of hepatic tumors. The tumor-initiating activities of benzo(e)pyrene and several of its derivatives were determined on the skin of female CD-1 mice. A single topical application of 1.0 to 6.0 mumol of the test compound was followed 7 days later by twice-weekly applications of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate for 35 weeks. Control mice and mice treated with 6.0 mumol of benzo(e)pyrene, trans-4,5 dihydroxy-4,5-dihydrobenzo(e)pyrene, trans 9,10-dihydroxy-9,10 dihydrobenzo(e)pyrene, and trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10,11,12 tetrahydrobenzo(e)pyrene had a tumor incidence of less than 20% and had less than or equal to 0.25 papillomas/mouse. 9,10-Dihydrobenzo(e)pyrene was the only derivative tested that had significant tumor-initiating activity on mouse skin; an initiating dose of 2.5 mumol gave a 67% tumor incidence and 1.43 papillomas/mouse. PMID- 7356503 TI - Metabolism and macromolecular binding of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene by hamster embryo cells. AB - The metabolism and macromolecular binding of four metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene in hamster embryo fibroblasts has been studied. Two noncarcinogenic phenolic derivatives, 3-hydroxybenz(a)pyrene and 9-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, are rapidly metabolized, primarily to their respective glucuronic acid conjugates and other H2O-soluble conjugates (78.4 to 80.8% of total radioactivity). Water-soluble conjugates were also formed from the carcinogenic phenol, 2 hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, and from 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, but in lower amounts (36.8 to 43.8% of total radioactivity. With each of the compounds, from 10 to 20% of the radioactivity was converted to ethyl acetate-soluble metabolites. The amount of unmetabolized 2-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene recovered intracellularly was 20-fold higher than that recovered in incubations with the other phenols. Covalent binding to nuclear macromolecules was monitored after isopyknic separation. Binding of the three phenols tested was similar and was lower than the binding of benzo(a)pyrene to nuclear DNA, RNA, and protein. In contrast to the results with the monohydroxybenzo(a)pyrenes, high levels of covalent binding were observed with 7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene; binding to DNA was 8-fold higher (315 pmol bound per mg DNA) than binding of benzo(a)pyrene to DNA. PMID- 7356504 TI - Respiratory and calcium transport functions of mitochondria isolated from normal and transformed human lymphocytes. AB - Methods have been developed to isolate mitochondria from small amounts of normal and leukemic human lymphocytes obtained from small volumes of circulating blood. Mitochondrial respiratory functions were measured by polarographic techniques, and active calcium uptake was measured by a spectrophotometric procedure utilizing the calcium-sensitive dye murexide. The results indicate that the rates of active oxygen consumption of normal human lymphocyte mitochondria are very low in comparison to values obtained from a number of animal tissue sources. Mitochondria extracted from the lymphocytes of leukemic patients and from cultured, and phytohemagglutinin-transformed human lymphocytes exhibited higher respiratory rates than did normal controls. Although respiratory rates were relatively low in all preparations, the efficiency of energy coupling (ADP:O, ratio of nmol of adenosine diphosphate phosphorylated to nanoatoms of O2 consumed) was within normal limits. The mitochondria extracted from leukemia, cultured, and phytohemagglutinin-transformed lymphocytes exhibited high rates of respiratory substrate-supported calcium uptake compared to controls. PMID- 7356505 TI - Effects of cesalin on the ultrastructure and biological properties of cultured mammalian cells. AB - Cesalin rapidly inhibits the incorporation of uridine and thymidine into KB, MCF 7, HBL-100, and HTC cells but has no measurable effect on AlAb cells. Protein syntheiss is inhibited only after the effect on DNA and RNA is observed. After 12 to 48 hr, the cells in cultures containing cesalin increasingly lose adhesion to the flask surface and float in the medium. Both the inhibition of nucleotide incorporation and the inhibition of the cell growth, used as assays for cytotoxicity, show a varying sensitivity of these cell lines to cesalin, with AlAb cells being the most resistant and KB cells being the most sensitive. The ultrastructural changes induced by cesalin in KB cells demonstrate alteration in the nucleolus, increase in rough endoplasmic reticulum, extensive blebbing of the plasma membrane, and invagination of the nuclear membrane. The blebbing of the plasma membrane decreases after 24 hr with the appearance of a highly disorganized nuclear structure and numerous vacuoles containing insoluble fragments. PMID- 7356506 TI - Influence of dosage schedule on the biological characteristics of N nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumors. PMID- 7356507 TI - Photo-induced reactions of benzo(a)pyrene with DNA in vitro. PMID- 7356508 TI - Hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion system in canines. AB - The thermal infusion filtration system was designed to manage malignant effusions and treat metastatic cancers of the intracavitary serosa. Hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and cell and debris filtration were administered by a dynamic fluid flow. Preclinical evaluations of surgical procedure, temperature studies, fluid dynamics, and physiology were carried out in 15 dogs (17.2 to 25.4 kg) with peritoneal perfusion at 41 degrees C and 10 liters/hr flow. Results suggest that the dynamics of flow achieves total intracavitary equilibrium in 7 min. The time essential to elevate animal body mass temperature from ambient to 41 degrees varied as a function of mass. The hyperthermia induced expected nonlethal responses in physiology. The system was determined to be safe for clinical procedure. PMID- 7356509 TI - Morphological effects of mitomycin C administered intravesically to normal mice and mice with N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]-formamide-induce bladder neoplasms. AB - The intravesical administration of mitomycin C to normal and N-[4-(5-nitro-2 furyl)-2-thiozolyl]formamide-induced bladder tumor-carrying mice at initial concentrations of 2 and 5 mg/ml for 2 hr resulted in marked morphological effects including cytoplasmic and nuclear abnormalities and disruption of surface architecture. Tumors cells and normal urothelial cells were sensitive to the effects of mitomycin C. These effects were limited to epithelial cells. PMID- 7356510 TI - A human trophoblastic isozyme (lactate dehydrogenase-Z) associated with choriocarcinoma. AB - A unique electrophoretic form of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-Z), formerly observed in a choriocarcinoma cell line (JEG-3) and first-trimester placenta, has been shown to be the same as that produced in hydatidiform mole and term placenta. We have also observed LDH-Z in second-trimester placenta, choriocarcinoma metastasized to the liver, and five of five additional independently derived (from different patients) choriocarcinoma cell lines. The only exception to the production of LDH-Z in a choriocarcinoma was in the cell line BEWO, which was established from the same tumor as JEG-3. Since BEWO has been in culture for over 200 passages more than any of the independently derived lines, its lack of LDH-Z is viewed as being consistent with the loss of certain expressional characteristics upon such long-term culture. Analysis of JEG-3 subclones revealed the expression of LDH-Z to be independent of the products of the LDH-A genetic locus. Present data do not allow us to determine whether LDH-Z is the product of a newly discovered LDH locus or is a modified form of the product of the LDH-B locus. LDH-Z has not been observed in other human tissues, nor have we observed it in homogenates prepared from over 60 cell lines established from a wide variety of human neoplasms. We therefore conclude that LDH-Z is an isozyme associated with human choriocarcinoma and is indicative of the trophoblastic origin of the cells. PMID- 7356511 TI - Correlation of the production of plasminogen activator with tumor metastasis in B16 mouse melanoma cell lines. AB - The correlation between the production of plasminogen activator (PA) of tumors and their metastatic potential was studied. B16 melanoma cells and "B16 mets" cells (harvested from the pulmonary metastatic nodules of C57BL/6J mice bearing B16 isografts) were examined with respect to their fibrinolytic activity (FA) in tissue culture. B16 mets cells had a significantly higher FA than did B16 cells. F1 (a B16 subline with a lower incidence of metastasis) and F10 (a highly metastatic B16 subline) were also studied. F10 cells produced more FA than did F1 cells. The difference between the FA's of these tumors was due to differences in their PA production. Significant differences in PA production between F1 and F10 could be consistently observed when 10(5) or more cells were cultured for at least 24 hr. The cell-free supernatants harvested from 72-hr cultures of F10 cells had a higher FA than those harvested from F1 cultures. Results suggest that a quantitative difference in PA production between these 2 melanoma sublines does exist and that it may contribute to their different metastatic potential. PMID- 7356513 TI - Transport and binding of mesoporphyrin IX by leukemia L1210 cells. AB - The combination of mesoporphyrin IX and light is cytotoxic to leukemia L1210 cells, resulting in membrane damage and loss of viability. In this study, mesoporphyrin transport and the cellular environment of accumulated drug were examined. The latter was characterized by measurements of absorbance and fluorescence spectra and of effects of irradiation on subsequent capacity of cells for transport of the nonmetabolized amino acid cycloleucine. We observed a rapid accumulation of drug at a relatively hydrophilic cellular environment (dielectric constant, 20) from which light-catalyzed inhibition of cycloleucine transport was clearly demonstrable. Washing at 37 degrees rapidly depleted this cellular region of drug. Longer incubations resulted in accumulation of porphyrin at more hydrophobic locci (dielectric constant, approximately 10) from which the drug was not readily washed and from which the efficiency of light-catalyzed damage to membrane transport was relatively low. These findings are consistent with the hydrophobic nature of mesoporphyrin (octanol:water partition ratio, 10). PMID- 7356512 TI - Comparative carcinogenicity in F344 rats of the tobacco-specific nitrosamines, N' nitrosonornicotine and 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. AB - The tobacco-specific carcinogens, N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(N-methyl-N nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), were tested for carcinogenicity in F344 rats. Each nitrosamine in trioctanoin was administered by s.c. injection to 12 male and 12 female rats over a period of 20 weeks. The total dose of each nitrosamine was 3.4 mmol. The experiment was terminated after 12 months. NNK induced nasal cavity tumors in 83% of the males and in 83% of the females, liver tumors in 83% of the males and in 100% of the females, and lung tumors in 67% of the males and in 67% of the females. NNN induced nasal cavity tumors in 92% of the males and in 75% of the females. Only one liver tumor and no lung tumors were observed in the NNN-treated rats. These results indicate that, in the F344 rat, NNK is a more powerful carcinogen than is NNN. PMID- 7356514 TI - Subcellular localization of the sedimentable form of mammary tumor glycoprotein to the tumor cell plasmalemma. AB - A form of mammary tumor glycoprotein (MTGP) has been observed to be associated with the sedimentable fraction of homogenates of human carcinomas of the breast. A MTGP-containing breast carcinoma cell line, HS-578T (AY-726), containing both soluble and sedimentable forms of MTGP, was fractionated by differential ultracentrifugation, discontinuous sucrose gradient and on a polyethylene glycol dextran gradient. The separated crude nuclei fraction, crude mitochondrial fraction, disrupted organelles, ribosomes and rough microsomes, smooth microsomes, and plasmalemma were characterized by electron microscopy and enzymatic markers which confirmed that each fraction was highly enriched in the respective subcellular constituents. Analysis of insoluble MTGP demonstrated significant coisolation with the plasmalemma. On the basis of the present data showing that the sedimentable form of MTGP is firmly associated with the plasmalemma and previous evidence showing the specificity of MTGP for breast carcinoma cells and the surface exposure of MTGP on viable cells, we conclude that sedimentable MTGP is an integral membrane glycoprotein that could have biological significance in the behavior or immunobiology of these tumors. PMID- 7356515 TI - Cell surface alterations associated with exposure of leukemia L1210 cells to fluorouracil. AB - Exposure of murine leukemia L1210 cells to graded doses of 5-fluorouracil for 24 hr led to a progressive increase in cell surface hydrophobicity, inhibition of cell division, an an increased cell volume. Among the effects associated with fluorouracil treatment were inhibition of thymidylate synthetase, decreased incorporation of leucine into glycoprotein, and an apparently increased incorporation of thymidine into DNA and of glucosamine into glycoprotein. The latter effects are believed to be caused by depleted metabolite pools. Short-term treatment of L1210 cells with the drug altered only levels of thymidylate synthetase. Cell surface changes therefore appear to be related to long-term effects of fluorouracil associated with impaired synthesis of membrane glycoprotein. PMID- 7356516 TI - Distinction between preneopastic and neoplastic mammary cell populations in vitro by cytochalasin B-induced multinucleation. AB - Epithelial cell cultures of normal mammary gland, preneoplastic hyperplastic nodule outgrowth lines, primary tumors, and transplanted tumors, all derived from BALB/c mice, were examined for their response to cytochalasin B to determine if cells of primary mammary tumors multinucleated and if preneoplastic hyperplastic alveolar nodule cells responded differently than cells of primary tumors. Established tumorigenic and nontumorigenic cell lines were also examined as positive and negative controls. The standard assay conditions were optimized at 1 microgram CB per ml for 48 hr. The results, expressed as the mean percentage of cells exhibiting three or more nuclei per cell were: normal mammary cells, 5%; preneoplastic mammary cells, 4%; primary mammary tumor cells, 36%; transplanted mammary tumors, 70%; tumorigenic established cell lines, 80%; and nontumorigenic established cell lines, 5%. The frequency of tumor cells exhibiting multinucleation increased with serial transplantation in vivo and with serial passage in vitro. The results demonstrate that neoplastic cells within a primary tumor exhibit uncontrolled nuclear division and that uncontrolled nuclear division is a distinguishing characteristic between preneoplastic and neoplastic mammary cells. PMID- 7356517 TI - Structure-activity relationships in chick embryo fibroblasts for phorbol-related diterpene esters showing anomalous activities in vivo. PMID- 7356518 TI - Adhesion characteristics of murine metastatic and nonmetastatic tumor cells in vitro. AB - We have studied the attachment of mouse fibroblasts, transformed nonmetastatic fibroblasts, and metastatic fibrosarcoma cells to various substrates. The metastatic cells attach preferentially to type IV (basement membrane) collagen in the absence of serum, compared to type I collagen and plastic. In the presence of fibronectin, these cells attach well to both type I and type IV collagens. The normal and transformed fibroblasts attach to all these substrates, although the transformed fibroblasts attach more slowly. The ability to attach to type I collagen and plastic is correlated with the levels of fibronectin and collagen produced by these cells. The data indicate that the transformed and metastatic cells differ from normal cells in their attachment properties and ability to synthesize matrix proteins. The metastatic cells possess a unique system for binding to type IV collagen that could be important in enabling these cells to penetrate tissues bounded by basement membranes. PMID- 7356519 TI - Carcinogenicity of chloroethylene oxide, an ultimate reactive metabolite of vinyl chloride, and bis(chloromethyl)ether after subcutaneous administration and in initiation-promotion experiments in mice. AB - Repeated s.c. administration of chloroethylene oxide, a reactive metabolite of the carcinogen vinyl chloride, induced local tumors in mice, with an incidence comparable to that of bis(chloromethyl)ether, a structurally related human and animal carcinogen, when both compounds were applied at maximum tolerated chronically toxic doses; no tumors distant from the injection site were produced. Bis(chloromethyl)ether, chloroethylene oxide, and its rearrangement product chloroacetaldehyde, a highly toxic compound, were further tested in an initiation promotion experiment. Application to the skin of a single dose of either bis(chloromethyl)ether or chloroethylene oxide, followed by 3-times-weekly applications of 12-O-n-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate for 42 weeks, produced skin tumors in mice; chloroacetaldehyde under comparable conditions produced no increase in benign or malignant tumors. A good correlation between the chemical reactivity, on the basis of hydrolysis constants in aqueous media, and the carcinogenicity of the three compounds was noted. Our results support the hypothesis that epoxidation of the thylenic double bond in vinyl chloride yields an ultimate carcinogenic metabolite, chloroethylene oxide, a highly reactive compound which appears also to be largely responsible for the known genetic changes caused by the parent compound. PMID- 7356520 TI - Hormonal influences on the expression of casein messenger RNA during mouse mammary tumorigenesis. PMID- 7356522 TI - Cyclophosphamide-induced changes in the cellular composition of a methylcholanthrene-induced tumor and their relation to bone marrow and blood leukocyte levels. PMID- 7356521 TI - Molecular pharmacological differences between carminomycin and its analog, carminomycin-11-methyl ether, and adriamycin. PMID- 7356523 TI - Protective effect of plant sterols against chemically induced colon tumors in rats. AB - Diets rich in vegetables are associated with a low incidence of colon cancer. Since plant sterols are plentiful in vegetarian diets, we studied the effect of beta-sitosterol on colon tumor formation in rats treated with the carcinogen N methyl-N-nitrosourea. We demonstrated that beta-sitosterol nullified in part the effect of this direct-acting carcinogen on the colon. We suggest that plant sterols may have a protective dietary action action to retard colon tumor formation. The beneficial effects of vegetarian diets may be enhanced because of the presence of these compounds. PMID- 7356524 TI - Quantitation of benzo(a)pyrene-deoxyguanosine adducts by radioimmunoassay. AB - Calf thymus DNA was modified with the benzo(a)pyrene (BP) derivative, (+/-)7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene [(+/-) BPDE I], under conditions which yielded greater than 99% of the binding product in the form of trans-(7R)-N2-(10[7 beta,8 alpha,9 alpha-trihydroxy 7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene]yl) deoxyguanosine. Rabbits were immunized with modified DNA coupled to methylated bovine serum albumin, and the resulting antiserum was utilized in a competition radioimmunoassay for the quantitation of products of BP covalently bound to DNA. The antiserum was specific for both native and denatured immunogen DNA's as well as for the major isolated BP binding product, but it did not recognize BP, the tetrol of (+/-)BPDE I, or unmodified deoxyguanosine. The modified DNA was assayed in quantities as low as 2 pmol of adduct, a sensitivity sufficient to quantitate the extent of modification of cellular DNA when epidermal cell cultures were exposed either to BP or to (+/ )BPDE I. High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of DNA hydrolsates, obtained from epidermal cells exposed to BP or to (+/-)BPDE I, indicated that the major adduct was the same as than on the immunogen DNA. This approach should prove valuable for further studies on the mechanism of carcinogenesis and for monitoring human exposure to this ubiquitous carcinogen. PMID- 7356525 TI - Genetic regulation of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in primary cultures of fetal cells established from inbred strains of mice. PMID- 7356526 TI - Enhancement of hyperthermia-induced cytotoxicity by polyamines. PMID- 7356528 TI - Development of runting syndrome in Friend and Gross virus-induced doubly tolerant rats. AB - Neonatal injections of Friend virus (FV) or Gross virus (GV) into rats produced immunological tolerance to the virus-induced tumors. The inoculation of specific immune lymphoid cells into the FV-induced tolerant rats brought about the runting syndrome, whereas the GV-induced tolerance was completely abrogated by the same procedure. To investigate the mechanism of the runting syndrome, rats were made doubly tolerant by neonatal injections of a mixture of FV and GV. The adoptive transfer of lymphoid cells from rats immunized with the FV-induced lymphomas into the doubly tolerant rats produced the runting syndrome. On the other hand, adoptive transfer of lymphoid cells from rats immunized with GV lymphomas into the doubly tolerant rats did not produce the runting syndrome and broke down the GV-induced tolerance but not the FV-induced tolerance. By the use of a complement dependent cytotoxicity test, FV-infected cells were homogeneously detected in thymus, spleen, and bone marrow of the doubly tolerant rats, whereas GV-infected cells were detected only in the thymus. Studies with a rosette formation test as a rat thymus marker showed that none of the FV lymphomas formed rosettes with guinea pig erythrocytes, whereas GV lymphomas formed rosettes. These results suggest that FV and GV have different target cells for infection and transformation and that the development of the runting syndrome is closely associated with infection of bone marrow and spleen cells with FV. PMID- 7356529 TI - Effect of chronic treatment of rats with dimethylnitrosamine on the removal of O6 methylguanine from DNA. PMID- 7356527 TI - High cancer mortality rates from childhood leukemia and young adult Hodgkin's disease and lymphoma in the New Jersey-New York-Philadelphia Metropolitan Corridor, 1950 to 1969. AB - In comparison to the United States as a whole and to their total population age adjusted rates, the New Jersey-New York-Philadelphia Metropolitan Region was found to have excessively high childhood leukemia and high young adult Hodgkin's disease and lymphoma cancer mortality rates in the period from 1950 to 1969. PMID- 7356530 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of cancer patients receiving mitomycin C treatment. AB - Peripheral lymphocytes from cancer patients receiving mitomycin C treatment were examined for cytogenetic effects. The treatment consisted of i.v. injections of mitomycin C at a dose of 4 mg given twice a week for 2 weeks. The lymphocytes were cultured in vitro for 72 hr with phytohemagglutinin and 5-bromodeoxyuridine, and then sister chromatid exchanges were scored. Before treatment with mitomycin C, the frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of cancer patients were similar to those of healthy controls. After the first and second treatments in vivo with mitomycin C, the frequencies of sister chromatid exchnages increased with time, reached a peak in about 24 hr, and then returned to the pretreatment level in about 48 hr, in contrast to the case of in vitro exposure to mitomycin C. After the third and fourth injections, however, the frequency increased further and did not return to the original level. The significance of the specific kinetics of change in the sister chromatid exchnage frequency after in vivo treatments is discussed in relation to cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7356531 TI - Effects of catecholamines on cardiovascular response and blood flow distribution to normal tissue and liver tumors in rats. AB - The effects of infusion of adrenaline and noradrenaline were studied in rats with intrahepatic tumors, using 99mTc-and 51Cr-labeled microspheres. The effect on general circulation, cardiac output, and tissue blood flow was pronounced, especially with infusion of noradrenaline. Studies of liver tumor perfusion in relation to surrounding liver parenchyma perfusion showed an increased tumor/liver ratio in noradrenaline-infused rats, thus indicating a preferential blood flow to the tumors induced by this drug. Adrenaline as well as 0.9% NaCl solution infusion had no effect on tumor/liver blood flow ratios. Fluorescence microscopy and monoamine determination could not reveal any noradrenaline containing nerves in the liver tumors. These experiments might suggest that the effect of intraarterial infusion with cytostatic agents might be enhanced by a simultaneously administered vasoconstrictor such as noradrenaline. PMID- 7356532 TI - Correspondence re: H. J. Rapp and H. B. Hewitt. Appropriateness of animal models for the immunology of human cancer. PMID- 7356533 TI - Chemical reactivity and metabolism of norethindrone-4 beta,5 beta-epoxide by rat liver microsomes in vitro. AB - A method has been developed to separate norethindrone and norethindrone-4 beta,5 beta-epoxide by high performance liquid chromatography using isocratic solvent systems with either ODS-reverse phase or conventional silica gel columns. Using these techniques it was found that norethindrone epoxide, prepared chemically, was stable in aqueous buffer (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C for at least 1 h. Under similar conditions, in the presence of a 10-fold molar excess of cysteine or glutathione, the half life for norethindrone epoxide was 15 and 32 min respectively. In 0.01 M perchloric acid at 37 degrees C the t 1/2 of norethindrone epoxide was 17 min. Norethindrone epoxide was rapidly degraded by rat liver microsomal epoxide hydratase to give a metabolite having properties consistant with it being norethindrone-4,5-dihydrodiol. Epoxide hydratase activities were stimulated about three fold by pretreating rats with phenobarbitone. The pH optimum for this reaction was pH 7.4. Conversion of norethindrone epoxide to norethindrone-dihydrodiol was inhibited by the epoxide hydratase inhibitor 1,2-epoxytrichloropropane. Although norethindrone was extensively metabolised in the presence of NADPH and rat liver microsomes, no conversion to norethindrone-4 beta,5 beta-epoxide could be demonstrated, either in the presence or absence of epoxytrichloropropane in the reaction mixture. If norethindrone epoxide was produced under these conditions it was suggested that it either reacted with microsomal proteins at or close to the site or production or was further metabolised. Norethindrone-4 beta,5 beta-epoxide did not cause any loss of cytochrome P-450 when incubated with rat liver microsomes in the absence of NADPH. Only in the presence of NADPH did further metabolism of norethindrone epoxide occur leading to the formation of active metabolites capable of breaking down cytochrome P-450. The initial rate of loss of cytochrome P-450 under these conditions was greater with norethindrone than with norethindrone epoxide as the substrate. PMID- 7356534 TI - A benzo[alpha]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide is the major metabolite involved in the binding of benzo[alpha]pyrene to DNA in isolated viable rat hepatocytes. AB - Benzo[alpha]pyrene is metabolised by isolated viable hepatocytes from both untreated and 3-methylcholanthrene pretreated rats to reactive metabolites which covalently bind to DNA. The DNA from the hepatocytes was isolated, purified and enzymically hydrolysed to deoxyribonucleosides. The hydrocarbon deoxyribonucleoside products after initial separation, on small columns of Sephadex LH-20, from unhydrolysed DNA, oligonucleotides and free bases, were resolved by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The qualitative nature of the adducts found in both control and pretreated cells was virtually identical; however pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene resulted in a quantitatively higher level of binding. The major hydrocarbon-deoxyribonucleoside adduct, found in hepatocytes co-chromatographed with that obtained following reaction of the diol-epoxide, (+/-) 7 alpha,8 beta-dihydroxy-9 beta,10 beta-epoxy-7,8,9,10 tetrahydrobenzo[alpha]pyrene with DNA. Small amounts of other adducts were also present including a more polar product which co-chromatographed with the major hydrocarbon-deoxyribonucleoside adduct formed following microsomal activation of 9-hydroxybenzo[alpha]-pyrene and subsequent binding to DNA. In contrast to the results with hepatocytes, when microsomes were used to metabolically activate benzo[alpha]-pyrene, the major DNA bound-product co-chromatographed with the more polar adduct formed upon further metabolism of 9-hydroxybenzo[alpha]pyrene. These results illustrate that great caution must be exercised in the extrapolation of results obtained from short-term mutagenesis test systems, utilising microsomes, to in vivo carcinogenicity studies. PMID- 7356535 TI - A comparison of the DNA binding, cytotoxicity and repair synthesis induced in human fibroblasts by reactive derivatives of aromatic amide carcinogens. AB - The cytotoxicity of three structurally-related direct-acting carcinogens, N acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminophenanthrene and N-acetoxy 4-acetylaminobiphenyl, was compared in normal cells and in excision repair deficient xeroderma pigmentosum cells (XP12BE). All three proved significantly more cytotoxic to the XP cells than to the normal cells. At equicytoxic levels, substantially more residues were initially bound to the DNA of the normal cells than to the XP cells, suggesting that the former are able to remove a large percentage of the DNA bound residues before these can result in cell death. The ability of these cell strains to remove bound residues from DNA, to incorporate thymidine into parental strands of DNA during repair replication, and to recover from potentially lethal damage if held in the non-replicating, density-inhibited G0 state was compared as a function of dose and time. The XP12BE cells proved virtually incapable of excision repair of DNA damage induced by these carcinogens and of recovery. In contrast, normal cells recovered from the potentially lethal effects of these three compounds and did so at a rate comparable to their rate of removal of bound residues and of repair synthesis. In the excision-deficient XP12BE cells, DNA adducts induced by N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminophenanthrene proved 3 to 6-fold more cytotoxic than adducts induced by the other two carcinogens. PMID- 7356536 TI - Carcinogenic purine N-oxide ester modifies covalently all common bases in polynucleotides. AB - The carcinogen 1-methyl-3-hydroxyxanthine after esterification binds covalently to polynucleotides, RNA and DNA. All four ribopolynucleotides and poly(dT) are targets. Depending on reaction conditions, covalent binding is greatest to poly(A) followed by poly(U), poly(dT), poly(G), poly(C), RNA and DNA. Maximal covalent modification of DNA is one moiety per 360 nucleotides. All modified polynucleotides, RNA and DNA, except poly guanylic acid have been enzymatically digested and the major adducts characterized as nucleosides. PMID- 7356537 TI - Cadmium accumulation and distribution in human lung fibroblasts. AB - An investigation was conducted on cadmium accumulation and its molecular distribution in growing cultures of human fetal lung fibroblasts (IMR-90). For the first 24-48 h post-exposure, the amount of cadmium per cell remained low and relatively constant; more than 50% of the intracellular Cd was associated with molecular weight components less than 2000 daltons. The presence of a Cd-binding component with a molecular weight of 11,800 daltons was also detected during this initial period. Based upon its molecular size, sensitivity to trypsin, and ability to coincorporate 35S along with 115Cd, we have concluded that this component is a protein. Its similarity to metallothionein was suggested by its molecular size, low level in cells never exposed to Cd, spectral properties, and heat stability. During the late log phase of growth, accumulation of Cd by fibroblasts occurred at a near-linear rate and the intracellular Cd level was proportional to the exogenous concentration. There was a corresponding increase in the amount of the fibroblast Cd-binding protein present, accompanied by a reduction in the amount of Cd associated with low molecular weight components. Synthesis of the Cd-binding protein appeared to occur at a more rapid rate than accumulation suggesting that its presence may be necessary for Cd transport and/or accumulation, an interpretation strengthened by the finding that cells previously passaged in Cd exhibited no lag in accumulation and accumulated 8-10 fold more Cd. By 168 h post-exposure, a plateau occurred in the intracellular Cd level as well as the amount of Cd-binding protein present. After this period, a redistribution of Cd from the metallothionein-like protein to high molecular weight proteins occurred. It is possible that this redistribution might be the cellular event that triggers the pathological changes known to occur after Cd grown cultures have reached confluency. PMID- 7356538 TI - Influence of free fatty acid anion on the binding of warfarin to cytoplasmic proteins from rat liver. AB - In vitro binding studies have shown that warfarin binds strongly to both ligandins (Y) and Z protein obtained from rat liver cytosol with dissociation constants of 11.7 and 10.1 microM respectively. Increasing concentrations of oleate ion significantly increased the dissociation constant of warfarin with either protein, whereas laurate ion showed the same behavior only with Z protein. On the other hand, the binding of warfarin to liver cytoplasmic proteins in vivo was decreased in 72-h-pre-fasted rats, although such fasting failed to produce any increase in the in vivo levels of the cytoplasmic free fatty acids (FFA). However, based on the results of the in vitro binding study, it is suggested that changes in the composition of hepatic cytoplasmic free fatty acids as a result of fasting could reduce the in vivo binding of warfarin to Y and Z proteins and hence could lead to an increase of unbound warfarin in liver cytosol. PMID- 7356539 TI - Isolated hamster brown fat cells: a bioassay for toxicity tests at the cellular level. Effect of cigarette smoke condensates from high and low tar yield cigarettes. AB - A test system for the detection of substances with cell-irritating or cell damaging effects using isolated brown fat cells is presented and the effects of cigarette smoke condensates (CSC) from high and low tar yield cigarettes on this system examined. The condensates inhibited noradrenaline stimulated respiration in a dose-dependent manner. Ethanol solutions of the condensates had a stronger inhibitory effect than DMSO solutions. The CSC strongly inhibited the mitochondrial function but other cellular functions were also impaired. PMID- 7356540 TI - Bilirubin binding by primary sites of human serum albumin, with suppression of secondary-site interference by use of a high salt concentration. AB - A high (2.0 mol/L) NaCl concentration apparently suppresses the secondary-site binding of bilirubin by human serum albumin. Thus if an excess of bilirubin is added to human serum albumin or to neonatal serum in buffer containing 0.1 mol of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and 2.0 mol of NaCl per liter (pH 7.5), and the bilirubin not bound to albumin is removed by treatment with calcium carbonate, the bilirubin binding reserve of primary binding sites can be estimated from direct measurement of spectral absorbance at 468 nm. Hemolysis and conjugated bilirubin apparently do not interfere. In a comparison study with serum samples from neonates the method gave results that generally agreed with those obtained by a commercially available Sephadex G-25 column procedure. In serum samples from adults the calculated unbound unconjugated bilirubin (free bilirubin) values derived by using binding reserves determined by the proposed method correlated well with the free bilirubin concentrations measured by a peroxidase method, but were only about one-half the amounts obtained by the peroxidase method. PMID- 7356541 TI - Simultaneous liquid-chromatographic quantitation of salicylic acid, salicyluric acid, and gentisic acid in urine. AB - We have developed a specific and sensitive method for the determination of salicylic acid, salicyluric acid, and gentisic acid in urine. Any proteins present are precipitated with methyl cyanide. After centrifugation, an aliquot of the supernate is directly injected into an octadecyl silane reversed-phase chromatographic column, then eluted with a mixture of water, butanol, acetic acid, and sodium sulfate, and quantitated at 313 nm by ultraviolet detection according to peak-height ratios (with internal standard, o-methoxybenzoic acid) or peak heights (no internal standard). The method allows estimates within 25 min. Sensitivity was 0.2 mg/L for gentisic acid, and 0.5 mg/L for both salicyluric and salicylic acid (20-micro L injection volume); response was linear with concentration to at least 2.000 g/L for salicylic acid and metabolites. Analytical recovery of salicylic acid and metabolites from urine is complete. Intra-assay precision (coefficient of variation) is 5.52% at 7.5 mg/L for salicylic acid, 5.01% at 9.33 mg/L for salicyluric acid, and 3.07% at 7.96 mg/L for gentisic acid. Interassay precision is 7.32% at 7.51 mg/L for salicylic acid, 5.52% at 8.58 mg/L for salicyluric acid, and 3.97% at 8.32 mg/L for gentisic acid. We saw no significant interference in urine from patients being treated with various drugs other than aspirin. PMID- 7356542 TI - Immunoglobulins in cerebrospinal fluid in various neurologic disorders. AB - We determined the concentrations of immunoglobulins A, G, and M in cerebrospinal fluid of 16 patients suffering from multiple sclerosis, 13 with non-bacterial meningitis, 10 with stroke syndrome, and 13 with epilepsy. The differences in concentrations of immunoglobulins in these groups were remarkable in the patients with multiple sclerosis, meningitis, or stroke syndrome. We propose that the determination of the absolute immunoglobulin content in cerebrospinal fluid is of greater significance than the relative immunoglobulin concentration. PMID- 7356543 TI - Liquid-chromatographic determination of 5-fluorocytosine. AB - We report a "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic method for measuring 5 fluorocytosine in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. After deproteinization with trichloroacetic acid, the supernates are chromatographed on a reversed-phase (C18) column. Response to concentration is linear in the range of 5 to 200 mg/L, with ultraviolet detection at 276 nm. The assay requires only 0.1 mL of plasma, is reproducible, and may be performed in less than 12 min. 5-Fluorocytosine concentrations determined by this procedure correlated well with those obtained by spectrofluorometry, although the present method is more specific with no observable interference from co-administered amphotericin B and most other commonly encountered drugs, including salicylat:. This method is applicable to the routine therapeutic monitoring of pediatric and adult patients as well as to pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 7356544 TI - Evaluation of a radioenzymic kit for determination of plasma catecholamines. AB - We evaluated a commercially available reagent test-kit (Upjohn) for simultaneously determining norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine in 50-microL of plasma. The three catecholamines are enzymically converted into the radioactive O-methyl derivatives and separated by thin-layer chromatography. Day to-day precision (CV) was 11, 10, and 14% for norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine, respectively. The relationship between concentration of catecholamine and radioactivity (net dpm) was linear to at least 8 ng (corresponding to 1 mumol/L in plasma). Sensitivity was approximately 2 pg for dopamine, 1 pg for each of the other two catecholamines. Under our conditions, epinephrine was not quite completely resolved from the other two fractions. Catecholamine values determined in normal humans, after 30 min supine and after normal laboratory activity, agreed well with those found by other investigators. Correlation was good between kit results and those obtained in another laboratory that used self prepared reagents and "high-performance" liquid chromatography for the separation. PMID- 7356545 TI - Continuous-flow analysis for glucose in serum, with use of hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase co-immobilized in tubular form. AB - Hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, co-immobilized at the inner wall of plastic tubing, were used with continuous-flow analyzers to measure serum glucose. The performance of the enzyme-containing coils meets the hydraulic requirements of the continuous-flow instruments, and the average carryover does not exceed 2.2%. A glucose concentration change of 1 g/L yields a 0.08 change in absorbance. There is no significant deviation from linearity for glucose concentrations up to 5 g/L. The method is similar to the Reference Method proposed by the Food and Drug Administration, and results by the two methods agree and correlate well (r = 0.999). The operational stability of the enzyme tubes is sufficient to allow the analysis of at least 10 000 serum samples. We investigated in detail the effect of reagent concentrations and temperature on the performance of the enzyme coils, and the results shed light on the nature of the heterogeneous dual-enzymic reaction. PMID- 7356546 TI - Determination of urinary placental estriol by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AB - Ww describe a liquid-chromatographic procedure for determining urinary estriol concentrations. The urine sample, after enzymatic hydrolysis to free the conjugated estrogen, is extracted with ether, and an aliquot of the resulting extraction residue is injected into the liquid chromatograph. Sample components are separated with a reversed-phase C18 column and isocratic elution with an acetonitrile/water mobile phase. Using a far-ultraviolet excitation wavelength, we measure the natural fluorescence of the eluted estrogen with a fluorescence detector. The procedure provides excellent sensitivity for determing near-term pregnancy concentrations of urinary estriol. The selectivity of the method limits the effect of potentially interfering compounds. PMID- 7356548 TI - Response of ion-selective sodium and potassium electrodes in the Beckman Astra 4 and Astra 8 analyzers. AB - We tested the response of ion-selective sodium and potassium electrodes that are a part of the new multi-channel chemical analyzers, Astra 8 and Astra 4 (Beckman). For this we used plain and albumin-containing aqueous solutions of known Na+ and K+ concentrations, varied inversely so we could assess how the concentration of each electrolyte would affect the response of the other electrode. The stability of the electrodes with time was good and the electrodes are indeed selective for Na+ and K+. PMID- 7356547 TI - The multilayered film analyzer: glucose in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine; and urea nitrogen in serum and plasma. AB - Some basic laboratory performance criteria were studied for the Eastman Kodak glucose and urea nitrogen analyzer. Serum, plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid were tested. Precision, both "within-day" and "between-day," for both analytes was less than 2.2% (CV). Both analytes demonstrated linearity, with about 100% recovery of added substrates. Comparisons with continuous-flow procedures demonstrated good correlation. A variety of sera and plasmas can be used for glucose analysis; oxalate--fluoride-treated plasma is unacceptable for use in analysis for urea nitrogen. We saw no effects on glucose or urea nitrogen analysis from hemolysis, lipemia, icterus, some common drugs, ammonia, or abnormally high protein concentrations. Minimum amounts detectable were: glucose (serum) 104 mg/L; glucose (cerebrospinal fluid) 100 mg/L; and urea nitrogen (serum) 21 mg/L. Calibration procedures are discussed for protein-based and aqueous samples. PMID- 7356549 TI - Parallel evaluation of Astra 8 and Astra 4 multichannel analyzers in two hospital laboratories. AB - We evaluated the new Beckman multichannel analyzers Astra 8 and Astra 4. Both instruments performed the following tests: Na, K, Cl, CO2, urea, glucose, and creatinine in plasma and Na, K, Cl, and creatinine determinations in urine. We tested precision, accuracy, and linearity at the usual concentrations in plasma and urine. We compared the Astra 8 and Astra 4 with continuous-flow (SMA 6) and discrete analyzers such as IL 243, Beckman KLiNa Flame, Beckman System 1, Corning 920 M Chloride Meter, and the Corning Blood-Gas Analyzer 175. Special tests were performed on plasma-to-plasma and urine-to-plasma carryover. Both analyzers are easy to operate and suitable for both emergency and routine use. PMID- 7356550 TI - Immunoradiometric serum ferritin concentration compared with stainable bone marrow iron as indices to iron stores. AB - Immunoradiometric analysis has made it possible to measure ferritin reliably in serum. The determination is a sensitive means of assessing body iron because concentrations of ferritin closely parallel the body's reticuloendothelial iron stores. The information provided is similar to that obtained from bone-marrow aspirates or biopsies stained for iron with Prussian Blue. Comparative studies indicate good correlation between iron content in the marrow and serum ferritin, except possibly in patients with leukemia and metastatic tumors to the bone marrow. The clinical value of the assay in relation to other indicators of iron status (i.e., hemoglobin, erythrocyte indices, serum iron and iron-binding capacity, and erythrocyte protoporphyrin) is in its specificity and sensitivity for assaying physiological iron stores. PMID- 7356551 TI - Clinical evaluation of an immunoinhibition procedure for creatine kinase-MB. AB - We have clinically evaluated the Dade "Cardiozyme" immunoinhibition procedure for determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MG) in 71 patients who were suspected of having had an acute myocardial infarction. Electrophoresis for CK-MB was also carried out. On the basis of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for myocardial infarction, we found the Dade procedure for CK-MB to be somewhat inferior to electrophoresis. In 11 patients for whom the time of infarction was known, we observed normal CK-MB results for two of them by both immunoinhibition and electrophoresis during the first 24 h, but subsequently could detect abnormal CK-MB results by both methods. Thus in some patients such data are not helpful for making a diagnosis in the first 24 h. The Dade procedure is easy to perform, but lacks sensitivity in the region of low CK-MB activity, requires a very stable spectrophotometer, is imprecise, and produces negative numerical results in patients without myocardial infarction. PMID- 7356552 TI - Improved radiochemical method for measuring ferrochelatase activity. AB - We describe a radiochemical method for measuring ferrochelatase activity in the in vitro incorporation of iron into mesoporphyrin-IX to form mesoheme. 59Fe is used to quantify ferrochelatase activity in rat liver. The uptake of iron is linearly related to the time allowed for it to occur, and the reaction proceeds optimally under reducing and anerobic conditions, maintained in sealed lyophilization vials under a positive pressure of nitrogen. PMID- 7356553 TI - Use of an alumina column in estimating total iron-binding capacity. AB - I describe a simple, rapid technique for saturating the transferrin in serum and then removing unbound (excess) iron. This technique involves use of an easily prepared column of basic chromatographic alumina and a saturating solution of ferric chloride in citric acid. This method, when compared with the magnesium carbonate method of Ramsay (Clin. Chim. Acta 2: 221, 1957) by regression analysis and tests of precision, showed a negative bias for results by the alumina technique with respect to the magnesium carbonate method. PMID- 7356554 TI - An improved ultrafiltration method for free thyroxine and triiodothyronine in serum. AB - We describe an ultrafiltration technique for rapidly and directly determining free triiodothyronine or free thyroxine, or both. After equilibrating serum at 37 degrees C with purified tracer of high specific activity, we placed 0.15 mL of serum in 2.8 mL of phosphate buffer (0.1 mol/L, pH 7.4) in the ultrafiltration cell and obtained successive 0.2- and 0.6-mL fractions of protein-free ultrafiltrate. Under our conditions free ligand concentration was independent of flow rate. After purifying the second fraction with protein-coated charcoal, we could determine the proportion of free triiodothyronine or free thyroxine. Samples from normal adult men and women, including women who were taking oral contraceptives or were pregnant, and from hypo- and hyperthyroid patients gave results that agreed with those obtained by equilibrium dialysis. Speed is the main advantage of the method: one technologist can complete the procedure in 2 h and, using a multi-micro-ultrafiltration system, can process many samples in one day. For laboratories where index-type reactions are performed routinely and direct free triiodothyronine or free thyroxine is determined only on selected specimens, this method is superior to dialysis. It is also very convenient for rapidly purifying tracers, to at least 97% radiochemical purity, with 94% recovery and no dilution. PMID- 7356555 TI - Drug-induced dyslipoproteinemia: a report of two cases. AB - We describe two cases of atypical dyslipoproteinemia due to drug-induction. This secondary form of lipoprotein abnormality is unique because the newly available drug, miconazole, apparently directly delipidated the alpha-lipoproteins in the bloodstream. On closer study we found that the delipidation was caused by the vehicle rather than the fungicide--more specifically, only by the polyethoxylated castor oil in the vehicle. It affects serum lipoproteins both in vitro and in vivo, and the effect is species-specific. In vitro studies indicate that it preferentially delipidates high-density lipoprotein rather than low-density lipoprotein. Because its effects on the serum lipoproteins of rats resemble those on man, and because aortic lesions were produced in rats injected daily (90 mL/L) with this substance, caution is indicated in long-term use of drugs containing this chemical component in the vehicle. PMID- 7356556 TI - HDL cholesterol: results of interlaboratory proficiency tests. PMID- 7356558 TI - Simultaneous testing for glucose and total substances in routine urinalysis. PMID- 7356557 TI - Assessment of new urinalysis dipstick. PMID- 7356559 TI - Evaluation of a thrombin-containing blood-collection tube. PMID- 7356560 TI - Glycosylated hemoglobins: hematologic considerations determine which assay for glycohemoglobin is advisable. PMID- 7356561 TI - Collection and storage of serum lactic acid samples at room temperature without deproteinization. PMID- 7356562 TI - Electroimmunoassay of apolipoprotein A-1 on Mylar-supported cellulosic membranes. PMID- 7356563 TI - Quality control in assay of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. PMID- 7356564 TI - Aldehyde dehydrogenase interference in the Haeckel enzymic technique for uric acid determination. PMID- 7356565 TI - Advantages of using thin sodium iodide detectors for thyroid monitoring of personnel working with 125I. AB - Measurements of neck count-rates for personnel who regularly iodinated proteins with 125I showed that, generally, count rates were higher after iodination than before. The major pathway for the intake of 125I during iodination was through skin that was exposed to the free-iodine atmosphere of the fume hood. Neck count rates were measured in 34 other subjects who were working with 125I. The rates for 25 of them were significantly greater than for a control group of 36 subjects. Significant activities were also detected in seven of nine subjects who had never worked directly with 125I but who were located within areas where it was used extensively. To minimize thyroid burdens of 125I, it is essential that neck count-rates be measured routinely, in order to monitor the safety of procedures involving the use of 125I. PMID- 7356566 TI - Mechanism of interference by hemoglobin in the determination of total bilirubin. I. Method of Malloy-Evelyn. AB - Oxyhemoglobin is the species of hemoglobin in erythrocyte hemolysates that inhibits the diazo reaction. Ferric hemoglobin derivatives and species with relatively low molecular mass do not interfere. Conversion of oxyhemoglobin to acid hematin under assay reaction conditions is associated with rapid destruction of bilirubin, which accounts for the diazo reaction error. The most probable mechanism for this destruction of bilirubin is an oxidative reaction involving H2O2, formed in the oxidation of hemoglobin, and acid hematin acting as a pseudoperoxidase. We could find no evidence for other mechanisms of interference such as spectral error or azobilirubin destruction. Addition of potassium iodide, 4.0 mmol/L final concentration in the reaction mixture, eliminates interference from hemoglobin added to give concentrations as great as 10 g/L. It also eliminated the effects of hemolysis in the method of Ertingshausen et al. (Clin. Chem. 19: 1366, 1973), in which ethylene glycol is used as the accelerator. PMID- 7356567 TI - Mechanism of interference by hemoglobin in the determination of total bilirubin. II. Method of Jendrassik-Grof. AB - Oxyhemoglobin in erythrocyte hemolysates interferes with the Jendrassik-Grof assay. Destruction of azobilirubin occurs when oxyhemoglobin is oxidized to methemoglobin during diazotization or to alkaline hematin with addition of alkaline tartrate. The most probable mechanism is by oxidation with an agent such as hydrogen peroxide or a related species resulting from hemoglobin oxidation. Methemoglobin also appears to cause some destruction of azobilirubin during diazotization. Methemoglobin forms during diazotization because of reactions of oxyhemoglobin with both diazo reagent and nitrite ion. Formation of methemoglobin is, therefore, more rapid in the test than in the blank mixture and, under reaction conditions, its absorbance is less than that of oxyhemoglobin. This results in spectral interference when neutral azobilirubin is assayed. Alkaline tartrate abolishes this spectral error by causing rapid formation of alkaline hematin in both test and blank. PMID- 7356569 TI - Solid-phase radioimmunoassay with protein-A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus cells used to assay a protein (ferritin) and a hapten (digoxin). AB - We compared use of protein-A-containing Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with conventional ammonium sulfate precipitation and second-antibody methods of separating bound and free antigen in the radioimmunoassay of a hapten (digoxin) and protein (ferritin) in human sera. In each case, values obtained with the heat killed, formalin-fixed bacteria correlated well with those found by established methods. No matrix effects were detected in either hapten or protein measurements. Because of the affinity of S. aureus for rabbit IgG, rabbit antisera could be used with a small number of bacteria to detect antigen in the presence of 50-fold excess human IgG. The availability of S. aureus and ease of handling make this reagent a rapid, economical alternative of general applicability in radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7356568 TI - Biochemical individuality and the recognition of personal profiles with a computer. AB - Multitest analysis of an individual's blood provides a biochemical profile that reflects his identity and pathophysiological state. During a six-week period we repeatedly profiled 10 volunteers for 22 different analytes, using continuous flow and discrete analyzers (SMAC, KA 150 enzyme analyzer, ABA-100, AutoAnalyzers) and manual procedures. Two years later, we obtained multiple follow-up profiles. Using linear discriminant functions derived from the first five (or first 10) specimens from each subject, we were able correctly to identify 96% (or 100%) of the specimens collected during the remainder of the six week testing period. Ninety percent of the two-year follow-up specimens were correctly identified when we used all the original profiles to calculate the discriminant functions. Deliberately mislabeled specimens were also correctly identified by discriminant analysis. Profiles of individual samples (and average profiles for each subject) were graphically displayed as computer-drawn faces and non-linear maps. Covariances between pairs of tests on repeated profiles differed significantly for different subjects. Inter-test relationships were graphically displayed by nonlinear mapping. PMID- 7356571 TI - Maximizing the efficiency of an admissions test profile in a 680-bed hospital. AB - I describe the development and improved use of an efficient planned and scheduled approach to laboratory testing in a large tertiary-care hospital, which anticipates virtually all the usual needs of patient and clinician and which has been demonstrated to provide better service at lower cost. PMID- 7356570 TI - Screening radioimmunoassay for aldosterone in preheated plasma without extraction and chromatography. AB - We directly estimated plasma aldosterone radioimmunologically with use of an antiserum raised against an aldosterone-3-oxime/bovine serum albumin conjugate, the estimation being on samples with and without heating (60 degrees C), and diluted and undiluted. Values so obtained were compared with those by radioimmunoassay after extraction and chromatography. The correlation--even negative values were obtained--was poorest when the steroid was directly estimated in nonheated, undiluted plasma. Correlations were best (r = 0.918) for preheated and diluted native plasma, and the interassay CV was 9.8% (n = 57). However, there were some extraordinarily high values. After equilibrium dialysis of native and preheated (60 degrees C) plasma (15 plasma samples), the percentages of apparent free aldosterone and cortisol increased from 51.4 +/- 2.6% (SEM) to 64.3 +/- 1.6% and from 11.5 +/- 2.2% to 61.1 +/- 1%, respectively. We conclude that aldosterone-binding proteins play a role in direct radioimmunoassays of aldosterone in plasma, but by heating (with or without diluting) the plasma, direct assay can be used as a simple, fast, and inexpensive screening method. PMID- 7356572 TI - "High-pressure" liquid chromatography of sulfisoxazole and N4-acetylsulfisoxazole in body fluids. AB - We describe a simple, rapid chromatographic method for separating and quantitatively determining sulfisoxazole and its N4-acetyl metabolite in plasma and urine. A 100-micro L sample of plasma or urine is combined with 200 micro L of a solution containing 12 mg/L of the internal standard, N4 acetylsulfamethoxazole, in absolute methanol and centrifuged to obtain a clear supernatant solution. This solution is then eluted through a 10-micron microparticulate column with a mobile phase of 32/68 (by vol) methanol/sodium acetate buffer (0.01 mol/L, pH 4.7), at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The eluted sompounds are detected by their absorption at 254 nm. We calculated concentration from the peak-height ratios of sulfisoxazole or N4-acetylsulfisoxazole to N4 acetylsulfamethoxazole. The peak-height ratio was linear with concentration in the range 0.05--200 mg/L for both drug and metabolite in plasma and urine. Because this assay can be completed within 30 min of obtaining a blood or urine sample, it should be a valuable tool in clinical drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 7356573 TI - Circulating CK-MB and CK-BB isoenzymes after prostate resection. AB - We studied the effect of prostate resection on serum creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzymes in 22 patients. Two hours after their operations, two-thirds of these patients had increased total creatine kinase activity. The MB isoenzyme was demonstrated in sera of 66% of the patients and the BB isoenzyme in 76%. MB content varied from 1 to 7% of total creatine kinase activity, the average activity being 7.4 +/- 6 (SD) U/L. BB content varied from 1 to 29% of the total creatine kinase activity, the average activity being 8.5 +/- 5.4 U/L. No patients showed evidence of cardiac damage. In contrast to the enzyme changes associated with cardiac injury, MB isoenzyme seen after prostate resection is usually associated with the appearance of BB activity. In addition, the ratio of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes 1 and 2 was "inverted" in only five of the 33 patients, and appeared to corrlate with the degree of hemolysis in the postoperative sera. The prostate contains all three creatine kinase isoenzymes, BB predominating. PMID- 7356574 TI - Variation of carbonic acid pK'1g in blood and urine during NaHCO3 infusion and NH4Cl loading: a study of two renal acidotic patients. PMID- 7356576 TI - Spectrophotometric screening method for acetaminophen in serum and plasma. AB - We describe a simple, economical procedure for rapidly detecting acetaminophen in serum or plasma. The method is based upon the reduction by the drug of ferric 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine, at an acidic pH, to ferrous 2,4,6-tris(2 pyridyl)-S-triazine complex, which absorbs maximally at 593 nm. Absorbance and acetaminophen concentration are linearly related from 25 to 400 mg/L, and so therapeutic and toxic concentrations can be measured. The method is accurate; day to-day CV's for two pooled control specimens (103 and 227 mg/L) were 4.4 and 6.6%. Correlation studies, with an established nitration method and with the free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl dye method, showed correlation coefficients of 0.985 and 0.915, respectively. Of 25 commonly used drugs tested, only levodopa, oxyphenylbutazone, and phenylephrine interfere significantly. Interference from salicylate, salicylamide, and phenylbutazone was insignificant. PMID- 7356575 TI - Extraction and determination of chloroform in rat blood and tissues by gas chromatography-electron-capture detection: distribution of chloroform in the animal body. AB - We have developed a simple, sensitive, and accurate method for the determination of chloroform in rat blood, brain, kidney, liver, and fat. The detection limit is 2.5 ng of chloroform per gram of tissue. Studies of in vivo distribution of chloroform in rat blood and target tissues after intragastric intubation of chloroform/water show that the amount of chloroform accumulated in the different tissues increases with increasing doses. Fat tissue contains the greatest amount of chloroform. The accumulation of chloroform in rat blood and target tissues seems to be maximum 1.5 h after administration, and the apparent chloroform concentration is almost at baseline value 8 h later. PMID- 7356577 TI - Simplifying lymphocyte culture and the deoxyuridine suppression test by using whole blood (0.1 mL) instead of separated lymphocytes. PMID- 7356579 TI - Lipid interference in steroid radioimmunoassay. AB - To study lipid interference in steroid radioimmunoassays in which dextran-coated charcoal is used as the separating agent, we tested triolein and phosphatidylcholine as model hydrophobic and amphipathic lipids, respectively. Addition of either caused distortion of the standard curve to an extent that was inversely related to the polarity of the steroid molecule. Both lipids form a dispersion that entraps steroid molecules. When we increased the charcoal concentration, the effect of phosphatidylcholine addition was eliminated for assays of both polar and nonpolar steroids. In contrast, the effect from triacylglycerol was not corrected, particularly in assays of nonpolar steroids. We also studied mixtures of lipids mimicking the mixture of lipids extracted from plasma of normolipemic and hyperlipemic indviduals. The degree of lipemia that can be tolerated differs from assay to assay, and primarily varies directly with the polarity of the steroid being assayed. PMID- 7356578 TI - Metastable creatine kinase MM and complexes of creatine kinase BB and immunoglobulin G, "atypical" isoenzymes with similar electrophoretic mobility. AB - Metastable creatine kinase MM isoenzyme was isolated and partially purified from homogenates of myocardium and skeletal muscle by gradient elution on carboxymethyl cellulose. This variant isoenzyme migrated between the MM and MB isoenzymes on agarose electrophoresis, accounted for 3.5% of the total creatine kinase activity in each tissue, was not a macromolecule, and had stable electrophoretic mobility only in borate buffer (0.02 mol/L). By comparison, the creatine kinase isoenzymes with similar "atypical" electrophoretic mobility in serum specimens were complexes of the BB isoenzyme and immunoglobulin G. These complexes were measured by a radioimmunoassay specific for the creatine kinase B subunit and eluted predominantly with the MB isoenzyme in a commercial anion exchange reagent system. PMID- 7356581 TI - A fully automated, continuous-flow radioimmunoassay for methotrexate. AB - We describe a fully automated continuous-flow radioimmunoassay for methotrexate. [125I]Histamine-labeled methotrexate was used as tracer. Anti-methotrexate serum was coupled to a magnetizable solid-phase and the bound and free fractions were separated with an electromagnetic field. The assay is precise (CV less than 2.5%) and rapid (30 samples per hour), incubation volume is small (about 160 micro L), and incubation brief (10 min). The accurate timing inherent in the system obviates the need to attain equilibrium, so that assay of each sample takes only 15 min. The assay is sensitive (1--100 microgram/L). There is no significant carryover between samples of high and low concentration. Results by the automated method correlated well with those by both a manual assay in which the same reagents and separation technique are used (r - 0.99) and a competitive protein binding assay (r = 0.96). PMID- 7356580 TI - Immobilized-enzyme rate-determination method for glucose analysis. AB - We present a rate-determination method for analyzing glucose. A glucose enzyme electrode serves as the sensor and is made by placing a gel-immobilized layer of glucose oxidase over the tip of a Clark-type O2 electrode. The electrode membrane is made of Teflon and is derivatized by etching with a suspension of colloidal sodium metal in organic solvent. The enzyme is coupled to the membrane surface by use of paraformaldehyde. The immobilized-enzyme method is compared with a similar solution-enzyme method and with the National Glucose Reference method. The immobilized enzyme method compares favorably with the solution-enzyme method and offers the advantages of simplicity, economy of enzyme, and linearity over a greater range of concentration. PMID- 7356582 TI - Networks of verbal habits for drugs. PMID- 7356583 TI - Drug attitudes and discrimination between drugs among a group of English schoolchildren. AB - This study investigates the attitudes of a group of 185 London schoolchildren towards a number of legal and illegal drugs, and examines the ways in which they discriminate between these drugs. Heroin and LSD were seen as the most dangerous drugs, and alcohol and cigarettes as the safest. Subjects who had a negative attitude towards drugs in general regarded cannabis, amphetamines, alcohol and tobacco as more dangerous than subjects with a neutral or pro-drug attitude. There was also a sex difference: boys claimed to know more about drugs, were more likely to know a cannabis user and to have been "really drunk" than the girls. The implications of these results for drug and alcohol education programmes are discussed. PMID- 7356584 TI - Audiometric configuration in patients being treated for alcoholism. AB - The auditory acuity of 52 alcoholic subjects showed a consistent bilateral high frequency loss. Presence of this loss was found to be related to drinking time, but independent of age, suggesting a definite relationship between length of heavy drinking time and loss of auditory acuity in the high frequencies. PMID- 7356585 TI - When your patient complains of a neck mass. PMID- 7356586 TI - When to refer your patient for psychiatric care. PMID- 7356587 TI - Improving the body's anticancer system. PMID- 7356588 TI - For your stroke-prone patients: a guide to drug treatment. PMID- 7356589 TI - Principles of antibiotic use in the elderly. PMID- 7356590 TI - Obstructive airway disease: rational therapy with theophylline agents. PMID- 7356591 TI - A guide to examining the aging eye. PMID- 7356592 TI - Can osteoporosis be prevented? PMID- 7356593 TI - Biofeedback control of skin temperature and cerebral blood flow in migraine. PMID- 7356594 TI - Biofeedback, migraine headache and new symptom formation. PMID- 7356595 TI - Evaluation of a 5-day non-drug training program for headache at the Menninger Foundation. PMID- 7356596 TI - Headaches of the silver cord. PMID- 7356597 TI - Exposure to sun and precipitation of migraine. PMID- 7356598 TI - Reliability and concurrent validity of headache questionnaire data. PMID- 7356599 TI - Psychogenic headache. PMID- 7356600 TI - Subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 7356601 TI - The problem of patient compliance. PMID- 7356603 TI - Cognition and psychoanalysis. PMID- 7356602 TI - Immunoglobulin, complement, and immune complex levels during a migraine attack. PMID- 7356604 TI - Cognitive elements in Sullivan's theory and practice. PMID- 7356605 TI - Cognitive therapy in depression. PMID- 7356606 TI - Psychoanalysis--a cognitive process. PMID- 7356607 TI - Cognition in psychoanalysis. PMID- 7356608 TI - Cognitive repair in the treatment of the neuroses. PMID- 7356609 TI - Review of object relations theory in the light of cognitive development. PMID- 7356610 TI - How does the child know? Origins of the symbol in the theories of Piaget and Werner. PMID- 7356611 TI - Piaget on schizophrenia. PMID- 7356612 TI - Antifolate-resistant chinese hamster cells. Evidence from independently derived sublines for the overproduction of two dihydrofolate reductases encoded by different mRNAs. AB - A comparison by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins synthesized by antifolate-sensitive (DC-3F) and -resistant (DC-3F/A3 and DC-3F/MQ19) Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells has shown that an apparent molecular weight difference exists between the dihydrofolate reductases overproduced by the resistant sublines. Translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system of polysomal and cytoplasmic mRNAs from the three sublines has shown that the overproduction of dihydrofolate reductase by resistant cells is accompanied by increased levels of dihydrofolate reductase-specific mRNA and that the different molecular weight forms of dihydrofolate reductase are encoded by their respective mRNAs. PMID- 7356613 TI - Mechanism of oxygen transfer by prostaglandin hydroperoxidase. AB - The peroxidase associated with prostaglandin cyclooxygenase in ram seminal vesicle microsomes will utilize a wide variety of hydroperoxides and reducing substrates. One such reducing substrate, sulindac sulfide (cis-5-fluoro-2-methyl 1-[p-(methylthio)benzylidenyl]indene-3-acetic acid), inhibits the oxygenase, stimulates the peroxidase, and is oxidized to its analogous sulfoxide by the peroxidase. The peroxidase-catalyzed transfer of oxygen atoms from 15 hydroperoxyprostaglandin E2 (15-HPE2) to sulindac sulfide was examined using [18O]15-HPE2 which was prepared enzymatically and analyzed mass spectrometrically. The sulfoxide resulting from sulindac sulfide oxidation was also analyzed mass spectrometrically and found to possess an oxygen atom arising exclusively from the 15-HPE2. Since sulindac sulfide inhibits the oxygenase activity of this enzyme (ID50 approximately equal to 0.2 microM), it seemed possible that the oxygen atom was transferred while the sulfide was bound to this site. However, indomethacin, an inhibitor of the oxygenase with no effect on the peroxidase, did not alter the stoichiometry of sulindac sulfide oxidation, precluding this possibility. These findings are discussed in the context of identifying the nature of the actual oxidant and distinguishing between the oxidation mechanisms of various peroxidases and between sulindac sulfide and other reducing substrates for these enzymes. PMID- 7356615 TI - In vivo carboxyl methylation of human eruthrocyte membrane proteins. AB - In order to study the in vivo methylation of ghost membrane proteins, human erythrocytes were incubated with L-[methyl-3H]methionine. The [3H]methyl incorporation into the membrane components was observed in freshly prepared erythrocytes. Upon treatment of the methylated membrane at pH 7.4, 100 degrees C for 5 min, a condition which is known to hydrolyze protein-carboxyl methyl ester, 80% of the incorporated [3H]methyl was recovered as methanol. Cycloleucine, an inhibitor for S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, inhibited 70% of the methylation. The analyses of the methylated proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed two major methylated protein peaks which were tentatively identified as glycophorin A and band 4.5. This methylation pattern is similar to the in vitro methylation pattern when purified human ghosts were methylated with purified protein methylase II and S-adenosylmethionine (Galletti, P., Paik, W. K., and Kim, S. (1979) Eur. J. Biochem. 97, 221-227). It is concluded that carboxyl methylation of erythrocyte membrane proteins is the major methylation reaction in vivo in these membranes. PMID- 7356614 TI - Relationship between deactivation of insulin-stimulated glucose transport and insulin dissociation in isolated rat adipocytes. AB - The time course of 125I-insulin dissociation from receptors and deactivation of insulin-stimulated glucose transport was measured in rat adipocytes. When cells were incubated with a submaximally stimulating insulin concentration (1 ng/ml), insulin dissociated rapidly at 24 degrees C and 37 degrees C, with a t1/2 of 26 and 14 min, respectively. On the other hand, deactivation of 3-O-methylglucose transport proceeded at a much slower rate. The t1/2 of deactivation was 73 min at 24 degrees C and 43 min at 37 degrees C. Thus, the activated state of the glucose transport system persisted at a time when receptor occupancy had greatly decreased, and hormone dissociation was 3 times faster than deactivation; both processes were equally temperature-dependent. When glucose (1 mM) was omitted from the buffer, deactivation was essentially completely inhibited for at least 2 h despite the fact that the rate of insulin dissociation was unaffected. IN CONCLUSION: 1) termination of the insulin signal on glucose transport can be separated from dissociation of insulin receptor complexes; 2) transport deactivation proceeds much more slowly than insulin dissociation and is dependent on some aspect of ongoing cellular metabolism. PMID- 7356616 TI - Regulation of vitamin K-dependent carboxylation. AB - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation activity measured with pentapeptide substrate (Phe-Leu-Glu-Glu-Leu) gradually decreases upon in vivo injection of vitamin K to vitamin K-deficient rats. A decrease in pentapeptide carboxylation can also be observed by the in vitro addition of antibodies against prothrombin and other vitamin K-dependent proteins to the soluble system derived from vitamin K deficient rat liver microsomes. In both cases, adding back in vitro partially decarboxylated vitamin K-dependent proteins or purified hepatic prothrombin precursor restores the level of pentapeptide carboxylation. After warfarin treatment, a 3-fold increase in carboxylation results, which can be abolished by giving cycloheximide along with the warfarin. However, the resulting decreased activity is restored by the in vitro addition of partially decarboxylated vitamin K-dependent proteins. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that (after warfarin treatment) increased peptide carboxylation is primarily due to activation of the system by precursor proteins, rather than synthesis of an increased amount of enzyme. PMID- 7356618 TI - Protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes. Demonstration of the requirements for eIF-2 and Co-eIF-2A for peptide chain initiation using immune sera. AB - Antisera to eIF-2 and Co-eIF-2A have been prepared by immunizing two chickens separately with homogeneous preparations of either eIF-2 or Co-eIF-2A. Addition of anti-eIF-2 or anti-Co-eIF-2A to reticulocyte lysates strongly inhibits protein synthesis and, in each case, protein synthesis inhibition is reversed by the addition of the corresponding homogeneous factor. Protein synthesis inhibition by anti-Co-eIF-2A is not reversed by eIF-2 at any concentration tested indicating an absolute requirement for Co-eIF-2A in protein synthesis. Also, in partial peptide chain initiation reactions, the addition of anti-Co-eIF-2A inhibits Co-eIF-2A stimulation of ternary complex formation by eIF-2 and Co-eIF-2A protection of ternary complexes in the presence of aurintricarboxylic acid. PMID- 7356617 TI - Glucose transport carrier of human erythrocytes. Radiation-target size of glucose sensitive cytochalasin B binding protein. AB - Apparent molecular sizes of D-glucose-sensitive cytochalasin B binding protein of human erythrocyte membranes are assessed by applying classical target theory to irradiation-inactivation data. Molecular weights of this protein as it occurs in untreated ghosts, EDTA-treated ghosts, and reconstituted vesicles of Triton extract of ghosts are 220,000, 180,000, and 220,000, respectively. These results, in conjunction with other findings in the literature, suggest that the native form of the glucose transport carrier of human erythrocytes is a tetrameric assembly of a 50,000-dalton monomer or is a dimer of 100,000 daltons. PMID- 7356619 TI - alpha-N-benzoylarginine-beta-naphthylamide hydrolase, an aminoendopeptidase from rabbit lung. PMID- 7356620 TI - Control of specific transfer RNA concentrations in amino acid-deprived Friend leukemia cells operates at the level of RNA degradation. AB - In eukaryotes, the concentrations of specific tRNAs are closely correlated with the demands for their cognate amino acids in protein synthesis. To account for this phenomenon, we have proposed that the extent of aminoacylation of a given tRNA species in vivo controls the relative rate of synthesis or degradation of that species. Previously, we reported the Friend leukemia cells respond to deprivation of histidine, leucine, or tryptophan by specifically increasing the relative concentration of tRNAs cognate to the deprived amino acid (Weiser, K., and Litt, M. (1979) Eur. J. Biochem. 93, 295-300). In this paper, we show that this is also true for phenylalanine and we report studies of the relative rates of synthesis and degradation of tRNAPhe in phenylalanine-deprived and control cells. We find that deprivation of phenylalanine has no effect on the relative rate of synthesis of tRNAPhe, but does induce a decline in the relative rate of degradation of tRNAPhe which accounts quantitatively for the increase in its relative steady state concentration as measured by in vitro aminoacylation. We conclude that, in Friend leukemia cells, deacylated tRNA species are more stable than charged tRNA species. PMID- 7356623 TI - N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide inhibits monovalent cation influx but not cation/proton exchange in heart mitochondria. PMID- 7356622 TI - Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis in cultured cells by probable natural precursor sterols. PMID- 7356624 TI - Effects of branched chain alpha-ketoacids on the metabolism of isolated rat liver cells. III. Interactions with pyruvate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7356621 TI - Translation of globin messenger RNA modified by benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol 9,10-oxide in a wheat germ cell-free system. PMID- 7356625 TI - Studies on the kinetics and stoichiometry of inactivation of Pseudomonas omega amino acid:pyruvate transaminase by gabaculine. AB - A homogeneous pyruvate-requiring omega-amino acid transaminase from Pseudomonas species F-126 has been examined for its behavior with gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) as omega-amino acid substrate and for its susceptibility to the cyclic dihydroaromatic GABA analogue, gabaculine, a known suicide substrate for alpha ketoglutarate-requiring GABA transaminases (Biochemistry 16, 4604-4610, 1977). One isomer of DL-gabaculine serves as a completely efficient titrant (no product molecules released) for this omega-amino acid transaminase by the anticipated mechanism of bound pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) derivitization. Stoichiometric titration with [2-3H]gabaculine reveals full inactivation at 0.45 labels/enzyme tetramer (see below), consistent with the subsequent demonstration that there is only 0.45 PLP molecule, bound as phenylhydrazine-titratable aldehyde form, per tetramer. Spectroscopic monitoring of inactivation also agrees with formation, on full inactivation, of 0.45 mol of m-anthranilyl-PNP adduct as the species quantitatively responsible for enzyme inactivation. Incubation of enzyme with excess PLP at 60 degrees C allows loading of enzyme with coenzyme to an average level of approximately 1 PLP/subunit, but even in this case activity is only increased up to 1.5-fold, and 1 to 1.5 molecules of gabaculine/tetramer cause complete inactivation. These data may indicate negative cooperativity between subunits. PMID- 7356626 TI - The effects of temperature and pH on the binding of ATP to carp (Cyprinus carpio) deoxyhemoglobin. AB - The linkage relationships between the binding of protons, organic phosphate, and oxygen to hemoglobin are well documented phenomena. These interactions provide a model for the investigation of linkage equilibria. Since ATP is the major organic phosphate in the erythrocytes of many fish, the binding of ATP to a representative fish hemoglobin (Carp I) was investigated. In these studies, both temperature and pH were varied so that their effects on ATP binding could be elucidated. The experimental binding constants were fitted to an equation that included the two major ionizable forms of ATP present within the experimental pH range. The resultant fitted parameters indicate three protons are taken up as deoxyhemoglobin binds the fully ionized form to ATP while only two protons are bound for the partially ionized form. The enthalpy of binding (delta H), provides insight concerning the possible physiological and ecological significance of this phenomenon. PMID- 7356627 TI - Rapid regulation of the activity of the low density lipoprotein receptor of cultured human fibroblasts. AB - Regulation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity of cultured human skin fibroblasts was studied by measuring 4 degrees C binding of 125I-LDL after cells were incubated at 37 degrees C with medium containing varying lipoprotein and serum compositions. When cells grown on medium containing 10% human whole serum were exposed to medium containing 10% human lipoprotein-deficient serum, LDL receptor activity increased within 4 h and then decreased between 12 and 24 h. This early, transient increase in binding was inhibited by cycloheximide, suggesting that new protein synthesis was involved. Changing the medium also produced a drop in cell total cholesterol content within the first 4 h, suggesting that cholesterol efflux initiated the rapid increase in LDL receptor activity. Cells incubated for 4 h with medium designed to promote cholesterol flux into the cell (plus whole serum or LDL) or minimize efflux (no serum or lipoprotein-"free" medium) had lower LDL receptor activities than cells incubated for 4 h with medium that appeared to promote cholesterol efflux (plus lipoprotein deficient serum or high density lipoproteins3). The promotion of cholesterol efflux and acute activation of the LDL receptor by lipoprotein-deficient serum appear to be saturable processes. The direct addition of fresh lipoprotein deficient serum to the medium partially reversed the secondary decrease in LDL receptor activity that followed the initial acute increase. Frequent medium changes enhanced the long term rate of activation of the receptor, depleted the cell of cholesterol, and increased the rate of sterol synthesis. These results suggest that regulation of the LDL receptor activity is a potentially rapid process than can respond acutely to changes in the rate of cholesterol flux into or out of the cell. PMID- 7356628 TI - An in vitro protein-synthesizing system with isolated chloroplasts of Sorghum vulgare. An alternate assay system for exogenous template RNA. AB - A light-dependent in vitro protein-synthesizing system from isolated mesophyll chloroplasts of Sorghum vulgare was characterized. Preincubation of chloroplasts in light at 25 degrees C for 1 h depleted the endogenous templates completely; such preincubated chloroplasts translated exogenously added homologous, heterologous, and synthetic templates efficiently. The fidelity of the system in translating added templates was tested with specific templates. Substantive evidence for the fidelity of the system was obtained by immunological analysis of the specific products, e.g. chloroplast coupling Factor I obtained by the translation of S. vulgare leaf cellular and chloroplast RNAs. The efficiency of the system in translating the exogenous mRNA was also quite high. As the endogenous mRNA was totally depleted during preincubation, and as the system was nonspecific for the source of RNA for translation, these chloroplasts can serve as a simple alternative system for assaying the role of diverse template RNAs. PMID- 7356630 TI - Enzymatic synthesis of 15-hydroperoxythromboxane A2 and 12-hydroperoxy-5,8,10 heptadecatrienoic acid. AB - Partially purified thromboxane synthase from human platelets converted prostaglandin G2 to two products. These were transformed to 12-hydroxy-5,8,10 heptadecatrienoic acid and thromboxane B2 by stannous chloride reduction and to 12-keto-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid and 15-ketothromboxane B2 by lead tetraacetate dehydration. Trapping with methanol after short incubations of substrate with enzyme and reduction by stannous chloride yielded 11-O methylthromboxane B2. Based on these results, the enzymatically formed products were identified as 12-hydroperoxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid and 15 hydroperoxythromboxane A2. PMID- 7356629 TI - Mass spectrometric analysis of the reactions of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. AB - The products of the reaction of D-[2-13C]ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate with molecular oxygen in the presence of D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase were analyzed, after dephosphorylation, as the trimethylsilyl derivatives of glycolate and glycerate by mass spectrometry. The extent of isotopic incorporation into [1 13C]glycolate from [1-13C]glycolate 2-phosphate produced in the oxidation reaction demonstrates that at least 95% of the glycolate 2-phosphate produced arises from carbon atoms 1 and 2 of D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. When D-[2 18O]ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate was used, a significant amount of [1-18O]glycolate 2-phosphate was formed, indicating that O-2 of D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate is retained in the carboxyl oxygens of glycolate 2-phosphate. In addition, analyses of the products of the reaction between D-[2-13C]ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and [13C]O2 confirm and extend the conclusions of an earlier report (Mullhofer, G., and Rose, I. A. (1965) J. Biol. Chem. 240, 1341-1346) that cleavage of D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate occurs between carbon atoms 2 and 3 during its enzymatic carboxylation. The results eliminate possible mechanisms involving the obligatory loss of O-2 of D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate during its enzymatic oxidation and confirm the specificity of carbon--carbon bond cleavage in both the oxygenase and carboxylase reactions. PMID- 7356631 TI - Studies on the synthesis of cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome P-448 in rat liver. AB - The synthesis of cytochrome P-450 (phenobarbital inducible) and cytochrome P-448 (3-methylcholanthrene inducible) have been studied in rat liver in vivo and in the wheat germ cell-free system using anti-cytochrome P-450 and anti-cytochrome P 448 antibodies. The major mature forms synthesized in vivo correspond to a molecular weight of 47,000 for cytochrome P-450 and 53,000 for cytochrome P-448. Translation of poly(A)-containing RNA from phenobarbital-treated rats in the wheat germ cell-free system reveals that the cell-free product immunoprecipitated with anti-cytochrome P-450 antibody has a molecular weight close to 47,000. In the case of 3-methylcholanthrene, the cell-free product immunoprecipitated with anti-cytochrome P-448 antibody shows a molecular weight around 59,000. Significant conversion of the 59,000 species to the 53,000 species can be demonstrated when the translation is carried out in the presence of microsomal membranes isolated from rat liver. Phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene enhance the translatable messenger RNA contents for cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome P 448, respectively. PMID- 7356632 TI - Binding properties of a neurotoxin from the venom of the green mamba, Dendroaspis viridis. AB - A toxin, alpha-mambatoxin, was purified from the venom of the green mamba Dendroaspis viridis using the procedures of Shipolini et al. (Shipolini, R. A., Bailey, G. S., Edwardson, J. A., and Banks, E. C. (1973) Eur. J. Biochem. 40, 337 344). The purified toxin blocks agonist-induced activation of acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells but, like alpha-bungarotoxin, it does not affect agonist-induced activation of receptors on a clonal sympathetic nerve cell line (PC12), an endothelial cell line, cultured chick ciliary ganglion neurons, or frog cardiac ganglion neurons. The toxin does block binding of alpha-bungarotoxin to cultures of muscle and nerve, and iodinated alpha-mambatoxin binds to cultures of muscle and nerve. The alpha-mambatoxin binding component on muscle was identified as acetylcholine receptor on the basis of sedimentation, immunoprecipitation, and rate of degradation. The alpha-mambatoxin binding component on PC12 cells, like the alpha-bungarotoxin binding component on these cells, is not recognized by anti-acetylcholine receptor antisera which do recognize acetylcholine receptor on these cells. The number of alpha-mambatoxin binding sites on both nerve and muscle when assayed in situ is twice that of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites. However, when muscle cells are solubilized in nonionic detergents and then labeled with toxins, the number of alpha-mambatoxin binding sites is reduced and the two toxins bind in equal molar amounts. Finally, unlike alpha-bungarotoxin, which dissociates from complexes formed with nerve, alpha-mambatoxin forms complexes with nerve which dissociate only very slowly if at all. PMID- 7356633 TI - Purification and characterization of hydroxyindole oxidase from the gills of Mytilus edulis. AB - An hydroxyindole oxidase has been purified 100-fold from the gill plates of Mytilus edulis. This preparation yields a single band on acrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. Metal analysis and spectral data show that both heme iron and copper are present in the purified enzyme in a 1:1 molar ratio. Potassium cyanide, sodium azide, various copper chelators, and carbon monoxide inhibit the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. These inhibition studies, as well as the photoreversibility of the CO inhibition, lend support to the conclusion that metal ions function as necessary cofactors for substrate oxidation. The Mytilus gill enzyme oxidizes a variety of substrates, among them biogenic amines. For all substrates tested, 1 dioxygen molecule is consumed/mol of substrate oxidized. When p-coumaric acid is hydroxylated, caffeic acid is formed in quantitative yield. H2O2 has been identified as a second product of the oxidation reaction. The addition of catalase prior to the onset of reaction is inhibitory while H2O2 or ascorbate activate the enzyme. These findings suggest that the hydroxyindole oxidase may be a monooxygenase which does not require reduced pyridine nucleotide for reductive activation. PMID- 7356634 TI - Nucleic acid-binding glycoproteins which solubilize nucleic acids in dilute acid. Re-examination of the Ustilago maydis glycoproteins. AB - Holloman ((1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 2993-3000) reported the isolation from Ustilago maydis of a glycoprotein which prevented the precipitation of nucleic acids in cold 5% trichloroacetic acid. Two glycoprotein fractions from U. maydis with this nucleic acid-solubilizing activity were isolated in our laboratory using improved purification procedures. The activity was not due to nuclease contamination. The glycoproteins are distinguished by: their ability to bind to concanavalin A-Sepharose; their differential binding to double- and single stranded deoxyribonucleic acid, and to ribonucleic acid; their molecular weights (46,000 and 69,000); and the relative amounts present in growing versus nongrowing cells. Both fractions required sulfhydryl-reducing conditions for optimal yields, specific activity, and stability. Nucleic acid binding was cooperative, the minimum number of glycoproteins required to make a native T7 DNA molecule soluble in dilute acid being estimated at 2 and 15, respectively. PMID- 7356635 TI - Properties of phospholipase C isolated from rat liver lysosomes. AB - Phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.3) has been identified in a soluble, delipidated protein fraction isolated from rat liver lysosomes. Lysosomal phospholipase C is active against all phospholipids tested, including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine. It has an acid pH optimum, does not require divalent cations, and is not inhibited by EDTA. With [1-14C]dioleoylphosphatidylcholine as the substrate, 14C-labeled monoglyceride and diglyceride are the reaction products. Monoglyceride is formed rapidly from diglyceride by a lysosomal acid lipase, although some monoglyceride may be formed directly by phospholipase C hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine. The other product, phosphocholine, has been identified by its behavior during Dowex 1-formate anion exchange chromatography. This appears to be the first demonstration in mammalian systems ofa phospholipase C which is active against all phosphoglycerides. PMID- 7356636 TI - Antifreeze glycoproteins from Polar fish. Effects of freezing conditions on cooperative function. AB - Antifreeze glycoproteins and glycopeptides that function noncolligatively contribute one-third of the freezing temperature depression in the blood serum of some polar fishes and enable them to survive at low temperature (-1.9 degree C). There are at least eight closely related glycoproteins and glycopeptides ranging in molecular weight from 32,000 to 2,600 and numbered 1 to 8 in order of decreasing size. Under conditions of negligible supercooling, the glycopeptides have weaker antifreeze activity than the glycoproteins (20% on a weight basis, or 5% on a molar basis); in mixtures of both, their activities are additive. When nucleation is initiated in supercooled solutions (-4 to -5 degrees C), the glycopeptides are inactive, while the glycoproteins still show activity; when mixtures of both are nucleated in supercooled solutions, cooperative potentiation occurs, and the full activities of the glycopeptides are found. On nucleation of supercooled solutions of the glycoprotein alone or of the mixtures, the temperature rises above the freezing temperature ("overshoots") to an extent dependent upon the extent of supercooling; the temperature of the sample then decreases to form a plateau at the true freezing temperature. PMID- 7356637 TI - Antifreeze glycoproteins from Polar fish. Structural requirements for function of glycopeptide 8. PMID- 7356638 TI - Transcriptionally active mononucleosomes from trout testis are heterogeneous in composition. AB - Limited micrococcal nuclease action on trout testis nuclei yields two mononucleosome subsets, MN1 and MN2, enriched in transcribed DNA sequences. MN1 is soluble and MN2 insoluble in 0.1 M NaCl. Electrophoresis of intact MN1 and MN2 mononucleosomes in 4% polyacrylamide gels shows that each fraction is heterogeneous and four major and several minor subcomponents can be resolved. Dissociation of the protein components of these nucleosomal particles by two dimensional electrophoresis shows that the major component of MN1 possesses stoichiometric amounts of the four inner histones and of the high mobility group protein H6, associated with DNA fragments of 140 base pairs in length. The major component of MN2 possesses equimolar amounts of the four inner histones plus 1 molecule of H1 and H6, complexed with DNA fragments of 220 base pairs in size. PMID- 7356639 TI - First practical assay for soluble nitrous oxide reductase of denitrifying bacteria and a partial kinetic characterization. AB - Lysis of spheroplasts made from denitrification-adapted Paracoccus denitrificans released a soluble nitrous oxide reductase which was assayed spectrophotometrically under anaerobic conditions by following the oxidation of methyl or benzyl viologen cation radical upon reduction of N2O to N2. Other classes of reductants so far tested, including dithionite, could not substitute for viologen dyes. Viologen dyes, therefore, afford the first practical assay for this previously elusive enzyme of denitrifying bacteria. The assay is specifically an in vitro assay, because the dyes cannot couple with intracellular nitrous oxide reductase. The enzyme exhibited simple saturation kinetics with respect to both N2O and reduced viologen dye. The Km for N2O was about 5 microM at 22 degrees C and pH 7.1 and the apparent Km for reduced benzyl and methyl viologen was 0.9 and 0.5 microM, respectively. Both dyes afforded the same Vmax value. Oxidized viologen dyes were not inhibiting to 1 mM nor was N2 to 1 atm. In fresh lysates, Vmax was about 1.2 mumol of N2O X min-1 x mg of protein-1 or about twice that for intact cells or spheroplasts utilizing yeast extract or lactate. Enzyme activity was observed to be labile in crude preparations under anaerobic conditions. Nitrous oxide reductase was inhibited by acetylene, CO, azide, and cyanide with Ki values of 28, 3.5, 0.35, and 0.045 microM, respectively. All showed noncompetitive inhibition with respect to N2O. PMID- 7356640 TI - Preparation and characterization of an NH2-terminal fragment of human serum transferrin containing a single iron-binding site. PMID- 7356641 TI - Uptake of insulin by plasmalemma and Golgi subcellular fractions of rat liver. PMID- 7356642 TI - Dimeric histone interactions and histone packing. PMID- 7356643 TI - Studies of energy transport in heart cells. The importance of creatine kinase localization for the coupling of mitochondrial phosphorylcreatine production to oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 7356644 TI - Purification of the major sialoglycoproteins of 13762 MAT-B1 and MAT-C1 rat ascites mammary adenocarcinoma cells by density gradient centrifugation in cesium chloride and guanidine hydrochloride. PMID- 7356645 TI - Biosynthesis of murine terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. AB - An immunoprecipitation assay for measuring synthesis of murine terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.31) has been developed using rabbit antiserum to calf terminal transferase. The antiserum precipitates a single Mr = 60,000 polypeptide (TdT-60) from all cell lines and tissues that contain enzymologically demonstrable terminal transferase. This polypeptide is not precipitated from labeled extracts of cells that lack terminal transferase by enzymological criteria. TdT-60 fractionates with terminal transferase during phosphocellulose chromatography and sediments with it in a sucrose gradient. TdT 60 is not detectably processed to lower molecular weight polypeptides, and terminal transferase activity sediments as a Mr = 60,000 activity; thus, we believe it to be the active form of terminal transferase. Using this assay we have demonstrated that terminal transferase is synthesized in both the murine thymus and the bone marrow at a rate proportional to its biochemically measured steady state level. After cortisone treatment of mice, the Mr = 60,000 polypeptide disappears from the thymus and then reappears as the thymus begins to be repopulated. PMID- 7356646 TI - Characterization of a DNA polymerase activity in cultured human melanoma cells that copies poly(2'-O-methylcytidylate). PMID- 7356647 TI - The purification and partial characterization of human somatomedin C. AB - Somatomedin C was purified from a Cohn IV fraction of human plasma by acid release followed by dialysis, ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-50 chromatography, and isoelectric focusing between pH 7 to 11. The resulting preparation, which focused at pH 8.6, was essentially free of insulin contamination and appeared homogeneous by acid gel chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The somatomedin C was purified about one-half-million-fold with a yield of 7%. The purified preparation had an apparent molecular weight of 7,400 with no indication of intermolecular disulfide bonds. Its amino acid composition revealed a lysine rich peptide containing significant amounts of histidine and methionine. No free sulfhydryl was found. It stimulated in vitro cartilage sulfation and DNA synthesis of hypophysectomized rats. In the presence of hypopituitary serum, it increased cartilage sulfation of embryonic chick. Somatomedin C competed potentially with [125I]iodoinsulin for insulin receptors on human placenta cell membranes. [125I]Iodosomatomedin C apparently binds preferentialy to a high affinity placental receptor which is different from the insulin receptor. PMID- 7356648 TI - Isolation and characterization of hyaluronidase from cultures of chick embryo skin- and muscle-derived fibroblasts. AB - Primary and passaged cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts, prepared from 10-day embryonic skin and 12-day embryonic skeletal muscle, synthesize and secrete hyaluronidase at level comparable to the tissues of origin. The level of cell associated hyaluronidase remains approximately constant during culture while the enzyme accumulates extracellularly such that within a 48-h incubation period, levels of hyaluronidase in the medium are 2 to 4 times higher than that found associated with the cell layer. The cultures continue to produce hyaluronidase at approximately the same rate and distribution through as many as nine passages. In addition to the chick fibroblasts, a variety of mammalian cells also produce hyaluronidase in culture. Both the cell- and medium-associated forms of the chick fibroblast hyaluronidase are endoglycosidases of estimated molecular weight of 62,000, which preferentially cleave hyaluronate substrate at an acidic pH optimum. Neither the cell-associated nor secreted hyaluronidase are enzymatically active at neutral pH. PMID- 7356649 TI - Reconstitution of a formate-NADP+ oxidoreductase from formate dehydrogenase and a 5-deazaflavin-linked NADP+ reductase isolated from Methanococcus vannielii. AB - The formate-dependent reduction of NADP+ by extracts of Methanococcus vannielii is catalyzed by a coupled system consisting of formate dehydrogenase, a 5 deazaflavin cofactor, and 5-deazaflavin-dependent NADP+ reductase. All three components were purified from crude extracts of M. vannielii. Recombination of these components reconstituted the formate-NADP+ oxidoreductase system. The formate dehydrogenase also can utilize FAD, FMN, and a number of artificial dyes as electron acceptors, but these do not replace the 5-deazaflavin cofactor in the coupled enzyme system. The reduced form of 5-deazaflavin binds readily to the NADP+ reductase apoprotein and is not dissociated by ammonium sulfate treatment at neutral pH under anaerobic conditions. This electron transfer cofactor from M. vannielii is identical in many of its properties to the 5-deazaflavin isolated from other methane-producing bacteria. PMID- 7356650 TI - Enhancement of mitochondrial, cyanide-resistant superoxide dismutase in the livers of rats treated with 2,4-dinitrophenol. PMID- 7356651 TI - The NH2-terminal region of the P2 protein from rabbit sciatic nerve myelin. PMID- 7356652 TI - The mechanism of ether bond formation in O-alkyl lipid synthesis. AB - O-Alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate is formed enzymatically from acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate and a long chain fatty alcohol. This reaction is accompanied by stereospecific exchange of the pro-R hydrogen of carbon 1 (carbon 1 of all compounds corresponds to carbon 1 of sn-glycerol) of the dihydroxyacetone phosphate moiety with retention of configuration. In the present investigation, data are provided to show that the initial loss of hydrogen from carbon 1 of acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate does not depend on the presence of the fatty alcohol. In addition, the occurrence of a Schiff base between enzyme and acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate, comparable to the fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase reaction, could not be demonstrated. It is concluded that the formation of 1-O-alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate via the formation of intermediate 1-O acyl endiol and 1-O-alkyl endiol is a likely mechanism. PMID- 7356653 TI - Distribution of high mobility group proteins among domains of trout testis chromatin differing in their susceptibility to micrococcal nuclease. AB - Trout testis nuclei were treated with micrococcal nuclease, an enzyme which is known to digest preferentially the linker regions in transcriptionally competent portions of the chromatin. The digested nuclei were fractionated by two different methods, and the distribution of histones and high mobility group proteins among the various fractions was quantitated. The results obtained indicate that the linker regions of transcriptionally active nucleosomes are depleted in H1 and enriched in HMG (high mobility group)-T and ubiquitin. The core particles in transcribed regions of the chromatin are depleted in unacetylated H4 and enriched in the highly acetylated forms of H4 and also in the small basic non-histone, H6. Our results also suggest that one-fourth of the total H6 and one-half of the total HMG-T of chromatin are present in a different domain probably comprising nontranscribed regions. PMID- 7356654 TI - Carnitine biosynthesis. Purification of 4-N'-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase from beef liver. AB - 4-N-Trimethylaminobutyrate is formed during carnitine biosynthesis by the oxidation of 4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde. The aldehyde dehydrogenase which catalyzes this reaction has been isolated from bovine liver. This enzyme was purified to homogeneity, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, using two affinity type columns. Blue dextran and 5'-AMP covalently linked to a Sepharose matrix were used to bind this NAD+-requiring enzyme. Two other aldehyde dehydrogenases with broader specificities were also purified to homogeneity using the same affinity columns. The three enzymes appear to be distinct as they are different with respect to subcellular locations, substrate specificity, behavior on the affinity columns, disulfiram inhibition, and esterase activity. The enzyme with preference for trimethylaminobutyraldehyde as substrate probably functions in carnitine biosynthesis. PMID- 7356656 TI - Cross-linking of collagen and fibronectin by factor XIIIa. Localization of participating glutaminyl residues to a tryptic fragment of fibronectin. PMID- 7356655 TI - Factor Va-dependent binding of factor Xa to human platelets. PMID- 7356657 TI - A rapid purification of alpha-actinin, filamin, and a 130,000-dalton protein from smooth muscle. AB - Brief, low ionic strength extraction of chicken gizzard at 37 degrees C yields a solution containing a limited number of proteins including alpha-actinin, filamin, actin, desmin, and a 130,000-dalton polypeptide. The proteins are then fractionated by Mg2+- and (NH4)2SO4-induced precipitations and by ion exchange and gel filtration column chromatography to give rise to highly purified preparations of alpha-actinin, filamin, and a 130,000-dalton protein. The alpha actinin and filamin isolated by this scheme are "native" based upon their S20,w values and their ability to bind to F-actin. These procedures, with minor modification, can be used for the purification of alpha-actinin from skeletal muscle and non-muscle tissues as well as for the purification of filamin from non muscle tissue. PMID- 7356658 TI - Identification of the acetylcholine receptor subunit in the lipid bilayer of Torpedo electric organ excitable membranes. PMID- 7356659 TI - Cardiac muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding is regulated by Na+ and guanyl nucleotides. PMID- 7356660 TI - The heparin binding site of antithrombin III. Evidence for a critical tryptophan residue. AB - Chemical modification of antithrombin III, the major plasma protease inhibitor, with the tryptophan reagent dimethy(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl) sulfonium bromide, results in the incorporation of one hydroxynitrobenzyl moiety per molecule of antithrombin III. The derivatized inhibitor does not exhibit the heparin-promoted enhancement in rate of thrombin inactivation which is characteristic of the native molecule. However, the rates of thrombin inactivation in the absence of heparin are identical with native and derivatized inhibitors, indicating that the site of protease . inhibitor complex formation is not altered. Unlike native antithrombin III, the modified inhibitor does not bind to a heparin-agarose affinity column. When the modification reaction was performed with added heparin, the extent of modification was decreased and the heparin-promoted enhancement of thrombin inactivation was preserved. These results indicate that the integrity of a specific tryptophan residue is critical to the binding of heparin to antithrombin III. PMID- 7356661 TI - A direct demonstration of proton translocation coupled to transhydrogenation in reconstituted vesicles. AB - Homogeneous bovine heart mitochondrial transhydrogenase was reconstituted into K+ loaded phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Transhydrogenase-catalyzed reduction of 3 acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide by NADPH was stimulated severalfold when valinomycin was added to collapse the developing membrane potential. A rapid and extensive quenching of the fluorescence of the pH probe, 9-aminoacridine, under these conditions indicates that transhydrogenation is coupled to the acidification of the vesicle interior. A corresponding uptake of protons from the medium is demonstrated by electrode measurements that indicate 1 or less proton is translocated for each hydride ion equivalent transferred between the substrates. PMID- 7356662 TI - Dipolar relaxation in proteins on the nanosecond timescale observed by wavelength resolved phase fluorometry of tryptophan fluorescence. AB - We used phase fluorometry to investigate the wavelength dependence of the fluorescence lifetimes of N-acetyl-L-tryptophanamide (NATA) in solvents of varying viscosity and the lifetimes of tryptophan in human serum albumin, melittin, and liver alcohol dehydrogenase. In highly fluid solvents, and in completely vitrified solvents, the lifetime of NATA was constant across its emission spectrum. In viscous solvents, such as propylene glycol at -9 degrees C, the lifetimes of NATA increased across its emission spectrum, with the values being 3.3, 5.5, and 8.1 ns at 317, 344, and 400 nm, respectively. These wavelength-dependent lifetimes appear to be a result of reorientations of solvent dipoles around the excited state dipole moment of the indole moiety. For the three proteins investigated, the fluorescence lifetimes of tryptophan increased with increasing wavelength in a manner comparable to that observed for NATA in propylene glycol. These observations indicate that these protein matrices can reorientation around their tryptophan residues on the nanosecond timescale, and illustrate the potential of phase fluorometry for quantifying the details of these dipolar relaxation processes. PMID- 7356663 TI - Cytochalasins block actin filament elongation by binding to high affinity sites associated with F-actin. AB - We have found that addition of a small amount of filamentous muscle actin (F actin) to a solution of globular actin (G-actin) in a low ionic strength medium resulted in rapid polymerization of the G-actin. This reaction was inhibited by substoichiometric levels of cytochalasins (relative potency: cytochalasin D greater than cytochalasin E approximately equal to cytochalasin B greater than dihydrocytochalasin B). Binding experiments show that F-actin, but not G-actin, contains high affinity binding sites for [3H]cytochalasin B; the number of sites detected was on the order of about one per actin filament (one site/500 actin monomers). This number remained unchanged when the actin (prepared by polymerization-depolymerization cycles) was further purified by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Competitive displacement experiments showed that the relative affinity of several cytochalasins for these sites corresponds to their relative effectiveness in inhibiting actin polymerization induced by F actin. These results suggest that actin filaments can accelerate the rate of polymerization of G-actin in low ionic strength medium by providing sites onto which actin monomers can be added, and that cytochalasins inhibit actin filament elongation by binding to high affinity sites located at the polymerization end of the filaments. PMID- 7356664 TI - Immunochemical isolation of prolactin messenger RNA. AB - Prolactin mRNA has been isolated using immunochemical techniques. Initial experiments demonstrated that 125I-labeled prolactin antibody was able to bind to pituitary polysomes but not to liver polysomes, suggesting that the binding is specific. Prolactin-synthesizing polysomes were immunoprecipitated by reaction with antiprolactin followed by anti-antibody. Immunoprecipitated polysomal RNA was chromatographed on oligo(dT)-cellulose, and the poly(A) RNA was sedimented through a sucrose gradient. This procedure resulted in a 320-fold purification of prolactin mRNA as determined by translation in a mRNA-dependent reticulocyte lysate assay. Translation analysis also suggested that the isolated prolactin mRNA is greater than 95% pure. The molecular weight of prolactin mRNA determined by electrophoresis on agarose gels containing 10 mM mercury hydroxide was 350,000. Purified prolactin mRNA was used to synthesize full-length cDNA by means of avian myeloblastosis reverse transcriptase. Use of this cDNA as a hybridization probe demonstrated that estrogen is able to increase the concentration of prolactin mRNA sequences in the pituitary. PMID- 7356665 TI - Mn2+ and Ca2+ binding to the lima bean lectins. AB - We have purified the two lectins from lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus) and studied the binding of Ca2+ and Mn2+ ions to each. The 120,000-dalton tetrameric lima bean lectin (LBL4) and the 240,000-dalton octamer (LBL8) were purified by chromatography on Ultrogel and sulfopropyl Sephadex. Using equilibrium dialysis, we have found that demetallized LBL4 (apo-lbl4) will bind either 2 Mn2+ or 4 Ca2+ ions. The Ca2+ binding is strongly cooperative while the Mn2+ binding is not. If apo-LBL4 is presaturated with Mn2+ (Mn2+-LBL4), it will bind only 2 Ca2+ ions in a noncooperative manner. Apo-LBL4 presaturated with Ca2+ (Ca2+-LBL4) does not bind Mn2+. The metal stoichiometry for LBL8 is double that for LBL4 under all of the above conditions. PMID- 7356666 TI - Properties of lipid . apolipoprotein association products. Complexes of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and human apo A-1. PMID- 7356667 TI - Purine phosphoribosyltransferases from Leishmania donovani. PMID- 7356668 TI - The transport of neutral amino acids in cultured human fibroblasts. AB - The transport of neutral amino acids and their interactions for uptake have been studied in skin-derived-diploid human fibroblasts cultured at confluency. Properly timed preincubations in a medium defined in composition and requirements have been adopted to control size of internal amino acid pools and regulatory interferences affecting amino acid transport. L-Proline, L-alanine, and L-leucine were used as natural amino acid substrates. Amino acid uptake and exchange with preaccumulated molecules have been measured under conditions approaching initial entry rates in the absence and in the presence of Na+ and of transport-specific model substrates. Cultured human fibroblasts were found to contain three neutral amino acid transport systems: A, ASC, and L. L-Proline was taken up preferentially by System A. System ASC appeared to mediate the largest fraction of L-Leucine entered the cells mainly by the Na+-independent System L. Preaccumulation of the cells with Site A-reactive amino acids caused trans inhibition of the activity of System A. The activity of System L was strongly trans-stimulated in cells preloaded with Site L-reactive amino acids. The inward transport of L-alanine was trans-inhibited by internal Site A-reactive amino acids and trans-stimulated by preaccumulated L-alanine exchanging with the external amino acid through the operation of System ASC. PMID- 7356669 TI - Purification and characterization of I-cell disease alpha-L-fucosidase. PMID- 7356670 TI - The complete amino acid sequence of the Ca2+-dependent modulator protein (calmodulin) of bovine brain. AB - We present the data required to establish the complete amino acid sequence of bovine brain modulator protein, the multifunctional calcium-dependent regulatory protein. Bovine brain modulator protein contains 148 amino acid residues and has a molecular mass of 16,680 daltons. The protein commences with an acetylated alanyl residue in accord with the previous report that its NH2 terminus was blocked. The single residues of histidine and trimethyllysine occur at positions 107 and 115, respectively, in a region of the linear sequence implicated by other studies as important for calcium-dependent modulator protein-enzyme interactions. The sequence of bovine brain modulator protein demonstrated here is closely related to those of muscle troponin Cs, as originally suggested from considerations of the similarities in calcium binding and functional and physicochemical properties of these proteins (Watterson, D.M., Harrelson, W.G., Jr., Keller, P.M., Sharief, F., and Vanaman, T.C. (1976) J. Biol. chem. 251, 4501 4513). The linear amino acid sequence of bovine brain modulator protein is composed of four internally homologous sequences or domains, each of which contains the appropriate amino acids arranged so as to form a helix-loop-helix, calcium-binding structure. The high level of internal homology of bovine brain modulator protein and its relationship to the other members of the calcium binding protein superfamily provide convincing evidence that 1) it arose early in the evolution of these related proteins and 2) it was formed by two successive tandem duplications of a gene encoding a small, single domain ancestral precursor. Comparison with the nearly complete sequences of the bovine uterus and rat testis modulator proteins reported by other laboratories indicates that this ubiquitous calcium-dependent regulatory protein does not occur in tissue-specific forms, commensurate with the proposed function of modulator protein as a mediator of calcium-second messenger function in eukaryotic cells. PMID- 7356671 TI - Transient ischemic attacks (TIAS) and cerebral infarction (CI): a comparison of predisposing factors. PMID- 7356672 TI - Cause of death in Boston. PMID- 7356673 TI - Mortality in a Massachusetts general population. PMID- 7356674 TI - Diabetes subsequent to the birth of a large baby: a 16-yr prospective study. PMID- 7356675 TI - Multiple sclerosis and the Canadian climate. PMID- 7356676 TI - An analysis of patient recall of their therapeutic regimens. PMID- 7356677 TI - Mechanism of gastroesophageal reflux in recumbent asymptomatic human subjects. AB - We investigated the mechanism of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in 10 health volunteer subjects. Continuous recordings of intraluminal esophageal pH and pressure were obtained on two consecutive nights from 6:00 p.m. to 6:30 a.m. in each subject. During each study, the subject remained recumbent, except to eat a standardized meal after 1 h of basal recording. A manometric assembly with seven recording lumens monitored: (a) lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure via a sleeve device 6.5 cm in length, (b) esophageal-body motor activity, (c) swallowing activity in the pharynx, and (d) gastric pressure. An electrode 5 cm above the LES recorded esophageal pH. Sleep was monitored by electroencephalogram. All subjects showed wide variations of basal LES pressure. GER was not related to low steady-state basal LES pressure, but rather occurred during transient 5-30 s episodes of inappropriate complete LES relaxation. The inappropriate LES relaxations were usually either spontaneous or immediately followed appropriate sphincter relaxation induced by swallowing. The majority of GER episodes occurred within the first 3 h after eating. During the night LES relaxation and GER occurred only during transient arousals from sleep or when the subjects were fully awake, but not during stable sleep. After GER the esophagus was generally cleared of refluxed acid by primary peristalsis and less frequently by secondary peristalsis. Nonperistaltic contractions were less effective than peristalsis for clearing acid from the esophagus. We conclude that in asymptomatic recumbent subjects GER is related to transient inappropriate LES relaxations rather than to low steady-state basal LES pressure and also, that primary perstalsis is the major mechanism that clears the esophagus of refluxed material. PMID- 7356679 TI - Enterohepatic physiology of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - After intravenous administration of radiolabeled 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to rats, approximately 25% of the administered radioactivity appeared in the bile within 24 h. Instillation of the biliary radioactivity into the duodena of other rats was followed by recovery of 15% of the radioactivity in newly secreted bile within 24 h. The process by which products of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were excreted in bile was not saturable in the dose range tested (0.275-650 ng). The metabolites of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 present in bile were found to be much more polar than 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and were resolved into three fractions on high performance liquid chromatography. 60% of the radioactivity present in bile was retained selectively by DEAE-cellulose; the radioactive material could be eluted from the gel at a low pH or at high salt concentrations. When bile containing the radiolabeled metabolites was incubated at 37 degrees C and pH 5 with beta-glucuronidase, there was an increase in the amount of radioactivity comigrating with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Treatment of the products of radiolabeled 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in bile with diazomethane, an agent which converts acids into methyl esters, transformed one of the metabolites into a less polar compound. These results demonstrate that there is a quantitatively important enterophepatic circulation of the products of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the rat. PMID- 7356678 TI - Alveolar macrophage-derived chemotactic factor: kinetics of in vitro production and partial characterization. AB - Alveolar macrophages are the initial phagocytic cells that encounter foreign material and particulates deposited in the terminal airways. We have examined a mechanism by which these cells, after phagocytic challenge, may control or amplify the inflammatory response in lung parenchyma. Normal human alveolar macrophages (AM) were studied from eight subjects. With in vitro culture, AM produced and released two substances into culture media which have potent chemoattractant activity for blood polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) and negligible activity for mononuclear cells. Release of these factors is maximally stimulated by aggregated human immunoglobulin (Ig)G or zymosan particles; however, simple adhesion of the macrophages to plastic surfaces is also sufficient to stimulate release of these chemotactic substances. The larger substance (10,000 daltons) is immunologically distinct from C5a and interacts with a different PMN membrane receptor than that known to exist for formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Its chemotactic activity is sensitive to the enzymatic effect of trypsin. Although producing a single elution peak on gelfiltration chromatography, electrofocusing in polyacrylamide gels yielded five peaks of radioactivity. Chemotactic activity was localized to a fraction with a pI = 5.0. The smaller molecular weight substance has been less well characterized. Thus, the human AM can produce at least two factors which attract PMN and this capability may augment the local inflammatory response in the lung. PMID- 7356680 TI - Differentiation of subpopulations of human and murine hemopoietic stem cells by hypotonic lysis. AB - Both human and mouse bone marrow contain subpopulations of hemopoietic stem cells that greatly vary in their resistance to water exposure: The cells forming erythroid colonies or bursts in methyl cellulose in vitro are most sensitive to hypotonic conditions and are destroyed within 60 s in the hypotonic milieu. The murine pluripotent stem cells assayed by the spleen colony technique, as well as both murine and human myeloid stem cells assayed by the plasma clot diffusion chamber technique, displayed intermediate sensitivity and were nearly completely eliminated by 120 s of exposure to water. Both human and mouse bone marrow stem cells producing myeloid colonies in agar are most resistant to hypotonic conditions. The addition of monocyte-macrophages and lymphoid cells to water exposed mouse bone marrow cell populations to compensate for losses did not restore either erythroid or myeloid colony formation. PMID- 7356681 TI - In vivo demonstration of nonadrenergic inhibitory innervation of the guinea pig trachea. AB - To determine if electrical stimulation of autonomic nerves could excite nonadrenergic inhibitory motor pathways in the guinea pig respiratory system in vivo, we studied the effects of electrical stimulation of the cervical vagi and sympathetic nerve trunks on pressure changes (P(p)) within an isolated, fluid filled cervical tracheal segment which reflected changes in trachealis muscle tone. We preserved the innervation and circulation of the segment as evidenced by a rise in P(p) with vagus nerve stimulation and a fall in P(p) with intravenous isoproterenol. In five atropine-treated animals, stimulation of the cut vagi or sympathetic nerve trunks resulted in a mean fall in P(p) of 7.9 and 8.2 cm H(2)O, respectively. Treatment with propranolol attenuated the response to sympathetic stimulation but not vagal stimulation. To determine if these relaxation responses were mediated by an adrenergic or nonadrenergic mechanism, we studied an additional five animals that had been treated with 6-hydroxydopamine to destroy adrenergic nerve endings. In 6-hydroxydopamine, atropine, and propranolol-treated animals, sympathetic nerve stimulation decreased P(p) only 0.65 cm H(2)O, confirming the elimination of adrenergic nerve influences, whereas vagus nerve stimulation decreased P(p) 17.7 cm H(2)O. After sectioning the recurrent laryngeal nerves, the mean decrease in P(p) during vagus nerve stimulation was only 3.2 cm H(2)O. These findings demonstrate the presence of nonadrenergic inhibitory nerves in the guinea pig trachea in vivo. They further show that nonadrenergic inhibitory nerve effects are elicited during electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves and that interruption of the recurrent laryngeal nerves diminishes the magnitude of these effects. PMID- 7356682 TI - Characterization of deficient heme synthase activity in protoporphyria with cultured skin fibroblasts. AB - Heme synthase (ferrochelatase) activity, as determined by the chelation of ferrous iron to protoporphyrin or deuteroporphyrin, is reduced to 10-25% of normal in tissues of patients with protoporphyria. With cultured skin fibroblasts from seven patients with protoporphyria and six normal individuals, the present studies examined the enzymatic defect.Heme synthase activity in normal and protoporphyria fibroblasts had the same pH optimum, showed similar inhibition by divalent metals, and had the highest specific activity in the mitochondrial enriched fraction. The ultrastructural features and other biochemical parameters of mitochondria were normal in protoporphyria cells, excluding a general mitochondrial defect. Measurement of the rate of deuteroheme formation at different concentrations of substrate demonstrated a significant reduction in the apparent K(m) for deuteroporphyrin in detergent-treated sonicates of protoporphyria fibroblasts compared to normal (7.5 +/- 0.9 muM, mean +/- SEM, vs. 17.4 +/- 1.8), as well as a decrease in the velocity of reaction (mean level was 21% of normal). Studies with intact cells, in which heme synthase activity was estimated indirectly, also indicated that the apparent K(m) for porphyrin substrate was significantly lower in protoporphyria lines. These data show that heme synthase in protoporphyria fibroblasts has markedly reduced catalytic activity despite an increased affinity for porphyrin substrate. This could be caused by either a change in the enzyme protein, or an alteration of its micro environment. PMID- 7356684 TI - Urinary kallikrein excretion in essential and mineralocorticoid hypertension. AB - Urinary kallikrein excretion has been reported to be decreased in patients with essential hypertension and elevated in patients with primary aldosteronism as a reflection of mineralocorticoid activity. Low renin essential hypertension (LREH) has been postulated to result from excess production of an unknown mineralocorticoid(s). Urinary kallikrein excretion was compared in outpatients with essential hypertension, mineralocorticoid hypertension (primary aldosteronism and 17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency), and in normal subjects of the same race. No significant difference in urinary kallikrein excretion of patients with LREH vs. normal renin essential hypertension (NREH) was found for either black (4.1+/-0.4 vs. 4.8+/-0.5 esterase units (EU)/24 h, mean+/-SE, for 27 LREH and 38 NREH, respectively) or white patients (12.2+/-2.3 vs. 11.7+/-1.4 EU/24 h for 13 LREH and 25 NREH, respectively). Urinary kallikrein was decreased in black vs. white hypertensive patients and normal subjects. However, in patients with normal renal function (creatinine clearance >/=80 ml/min) urinary kallikrein was not significantly decreased in either black hypertensive vs. black normal subjects (4.3+/-0.3 vs. 5.4+/-0.6 EU/24 h) or in white hypertensive vs. white normal subjects (11.9+/-1.2 vs. 8.4+/-0.9 EU/24 h). In contrast, hypertensive patients with mild renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance of 41.8+/-78.5 ml/min) had reduced (P < 0.05) urinary kallikrein (3.3 EU/24 h with creatinine clearance of 63.6+/-2.0 for 24 black patients and 4.2+/-0.7 EU/24 h with creatinine clearance of 67.0+/-3.5 for 6 white patients). These results suggest that a reduction in urinary kallikrein excretion rate is an early accompaniment of hypertensive renal injury. Urinary kallikrein excretion in response to a 6-d 10-meq sodium diet and a 3-d Florinef (0.5 mg b.i.d.) administration was compared in hypertensive patients with normal renal function vs. race and age-matched normal subjects. Stimulation of urinary kallikrein excretion by Florinef was equal in black and white normal subjects vs. hypertensive patients (black normals = 12.3+/-2.7 [n = 9], NREH = 11.7+/-1.8 [n = 10], LREH = 10.9+/-1.5 [n = 12]; white normals = 21.2+/-2.9 [n = 11], essential hypertension = 20.9+/-3.2 [10 NREH, 5 LREH]). Stimulation of urinary kallikrein excretion with low sodium diet was decreased (P < 0.05) only in black LREH (black normals = 11.2+/-2.4 [n = 10], NREH = 10.1+/-2.7 [n = 10], LREH = 7.4+/-1.1 [n = 13]; white normals = 19.1+/-2.7 [n = 13], essential hypertension = 17.5+/-2.3 [nine NREH, four LREH]). However, during low sodium diet, black patients with LREH had evidence for less sodium depletion as manifested by a decreased rise in urinary aldosterone excretion (16.3+/-2.7 vs. 33.3+/-6.4 mug/24 h for black normals) and a failure to achieve metabolic balance in 11/13 patients. Thus, the lesser kallikrein stimulation appeared to result from these two factors. Black and white hypertensives with creatinine clearance <80 ml/min had little increase in urinary kallikrein excretion with Florinef or low sodium diet.5 of 12 patients with primary aldosteronism or 17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency did not have an elevated urinary kallikrein excretion rate. Mild renal insufficiency may have contributed to this finding in two of these five patients. Nevertheless, this finding illustrates a limitation to the use of urinary kallikrein excretion rate as an index of mineralocorticoid activity. However, it appears that the majority of patients with LREH have no evidence for excess production of an unknown mineralocorticoid. The failure to find a decrease in urinary kallikrein excretion in racially matched patients with essentil hypertension and normal renal function questions the postulate of a role of the kallikrein-kinin system in the initiation of essential hypertension. PMID- 7356683 TI - Propranolol decreases sympathetic nervous activity reflected by plasma catecholamines during evolution of myocardial infarction in man. AB - Plasma 1-norepinephrine and epinephrine contents were strikingly elevated in 70 patients during evolution of myocardial infarction. Propranolol or placebo, 0.1 mg/kg i.v., was administered randomly an average of 10 h after infarction and continued orally for 3 d. Propranolol, but not placebo, acutely decreased 1 norepinephrine contents from 2.24 +/- 1.33 (mean +/- SD) to 1.31 +/- 0.74 microgram/liter, P less than 0.001, and epinephrine contents from 0.97 +/- 0.42 to 0.74 +/- 0.42 microgram/liter, P less than 0.02. Decreases in 1-norepinephrine contents were related to the initial plasma concentrations, r = 0.85, P less than 0.001. A similar, but less strong relationship was observed between the initial epinephrine contents and propranolol-induced changes, r = -0.51, P less than 0.01. Propranolol reduced plasma-free fatty acid contents from 1,121 +/- 315 to 943 +/- 274 mumol/liter, P less than 0.001. Decreases in plasma contents of free fatty acids were related to decreases in epinephrine, r = 0.66, P less than 0.001. Propranolol did not cause significant additional changes in plasma catecholamine contents during the subsequent 3 d. In the placebo group 1 norepinephrine contents had decreased 24 h after infarction from 1.92 +/- 0.99 to 1.37 +/- 0.93 microgram/liter, P less than 0.02. Plasma epinephrine contents did not change. Heart rate remained below the control values during the entire study period in the propranolol, but increased in the placebo group. The data indicate that sympathetic hyperactivity, indirectly reflected by plasma catecholamine contents, is acutely reduced by propranolol during evolution of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7356685 TI - Injury of neoplastic cells by murine macrophages leads to inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. AB - Cytotoxic activated macrophages (CM) inhibited the growth of neoplastic L1210 cells in vitro but L1210 cell death was minimal to nonexistent. L1210 cells injured by CM were separated from macrophages and studied in an isolated system. CM-injured L1210 cells had an absolute requirement for glucose or another glycolyzable hexose (mannose or fructose) for at least 40 h after removal from macrophages. If the culture medium lacked sufficient concentration of one of these sugars, CM-injured L1210 cells died within 4 h. Uninjured L1210 cells cultured alone or with peptone-stimulated macrophages had no such requirement and maintained complete viability in hexoseless medium. The hexose requirement of CM injured L1210 cells could not be fulfilled by other naturally occurring monosaccharides, glucose or mannose derivatives, or substrates that can be oxidized by mitochondria. The concentration requirements for glucose, mannose, and fructose by CM-injured L1210 cells correlated with the concentrations required to support maximal glycolysis of these sugars by other murine ascites cells. A concentration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose which completely inhibited L1210 cell glycolysis also complete prevented the ability of glucose or mannose to maintain viability of CM-injured L1210 cells. Interaction with CM led to inhibition of L1210 cell mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This was supported by the findings that: (a) CM-injured L1210 cells had no Pasteur effect; their rate of aerobic glycolysis was the same as the rate of anaerobic glycolysis of uninjured L1210 cells, (b) Endogenous respiration of CM-injured L1210 cells was 15% of normal. Maximal inhibition of uninjured L1210 cell respiration by a specific mitochondrial poison (oligomycin) was nearly the same (13% of normal). It followed that CM-injured L1210 cells required hexose for chemical energy production via the glycolytic pathway. CM-induced mitochondrial injury occurred in five other neoplastic cell lines tested. PMID- 7356686 TI - Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina: amino acid metabolism and correction of hyperornithinemia with an arginine-deficient diet. AB - Four patients with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina were studied, all of whom exhibited the hyperornithinemia characteristic of this disorder. Elevated plasma histidine and diminished plasma lysine and branched-chain amino acids were also noted. The renal clearances of these four amino acids were not sufficiently elevated to explain their low plasma levels. In one subject, an arginine deficient diet led to progressive reduction in plasma ornithine from 13 times normal to the upper limits of normal, along with the disappearance of ornithinuria and lysinuria. Orally administered alpha-aminoisobutyric acid facilitated the fall in plasma ornithine by increasing renal losses of ornithine. It also increased the clearances of most other amino acids. When plasma ornithine approached normal (less than 200 microM), plasma lysine became normal, plasma arginine became subnormal, and renal clearances of basic amino acids decreased. Long-term (1.5 yr) maintenance with a diet containing 10-20 g of protein plus essential amino acids served to keep plasma ornithine at between 55-355 microM; chorioretinal degeneration did not progress and vision apparently improved. PMID- 7356687 TI - Obstructive nephropathy in the rat: possible roles for the renin-angiotensin system, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes in postobstructive renal function. AB - Relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) of 24 h duration in rats is followed by severe renal vasoconstriction in the postobstructive kidney (POK). The present study examined possible roles of renal prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxanes (TX), as well as the renin-angiotensin system, in this vasoconstriction. Administration of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, which blocks both PG and TX production, failed to improve POK hemodynamics in UUO rats. To explore the possible role of the TX compounds, which include the potent vasoconstrictor thromboxane A2 (TXA2), UUO rats were infused with imidazole, an agent that blocks synthesis of TX, but not of PG. Imidiazole led to two- to threefold increases in the clearance of both inulin and rho-aminohippuric acid by the POK. This effect of imidazole was abolished by indomethacin, suggesting that the amelioration of POK vasoconstriction by imidazole was a result of inhibition of vasoconstrictor TX synthesis (e.g. TXA2), with PG vasodilators (e.g. PGE2 or PG12) still active. Urea, infused in a solution whose osmolality and volume were identical to the imidazole infusion, failed to improve hemodynamics in the POK, making it unlikely that nonspecific effects of volume expansion or osmotic diuresis mediated the beneficial effect of imidazole. Further studies examined the possible role of the renin-angiotensin systems in the vasoconstriction of the POK. UUO rats infused with the angiotensin II antagonist, Saralasin, exhibited no significant improvement in POK function, a finding that might be at least partly attributable to agonist/vasoconstrictor properties of Saralasin. In other experiments, treatment of UUO rats with the angiotensin-converting enzyme blocker SQ 14225 (Captopril), in order to inhibit angiotensin II formation, led to at least twofold increases in the clearance of both inulin and rho-aminohippuric acid in the POK. It is unlikely that Captopril exerted this beneficial effect by potentiating the vasodilator kinins, because the effect was not diminished by administration of either carboxypeptidase B (which destroys the kinins) or Trasylol (which blocks kinin synthesis). Thus, these results suggest that both angiotensin II, as well as metabolites of the PG-TX system, may be important determinants of postobstructive renal hemodynamics in the rat. PMID- 7356688 TI - Function and immunochemistry of prekallikrein-high molecular weight kininogen complex in plasma. AB - Plasma from individuals with high molecular weight (HMW) kininogen deficiency has been reported to be deficient in prekallikrein as measured by radial immunodiffusion, prekallikrein coagulant activity, and/or kaolin-activated arginine esterase activity. The discovery that prekallikrein and HMW kininogen circulate as a complex in plasma led us to reevaluate the antigenic and functional properties of prekallikrein in HMW kininogen-deficient plasma as well as in normal plasma. The low prekallikrein antigen level in an individual with HMW kininogen deficiency was corrected to the normal range (80-95%) by the addition of 0.2 U/ml of purified HMW kininogen. A similar increase in apparent prekallikrein antigen was observed when purified prekallikrein and HMW kininogen were combined. The correction of the apparent prekallikrein defect in this HMW kininogen-deficient plasma coincided with the formation of a prekallikrein-HMW kininogen complex as demonstrated by immunoelectrophoresis. Similar findings were demonstrated with purified prekallikrein and HMW kininogen by immunoelectrophoresis as well as crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The coagulant activity in HMW kininogen-deficient plasma was increased in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of HMW kininogen, reaching 85% of normal level at a concentration of 0.2 U/ml. Kaolin-activated arginine esterase activity (kallikrein) in HMW kininogen-deficient plasma was fully corrected when HMW kininogen was added to the deficient plasma after depletion of kallikrein inhibitors. The functional and antigenic concentration of prekallikrein in plasma from four other HMW kininogen-deficient individuals was similarly corrected to normal after adding HMW kininogen. Addition of HMW kininogen increased the apparent prekallikrein activity in native normal plasma (as measured by esterase activity) but not in normal plasma in which inhibitors were inactivated. The apparent prekallikrein antigen concentration (as measured by radial immunodiffusion or electroimmunodiffusion) increased upon addition of HMW kininogen. Immunoelectrophoresis as well as gel filtration of normal plasma revealed the presence of free prekallikrein (17-38% of the total) in addition to the HMW kininogen-prekallikrein complex previously reported. This study emphasizes the influence of HMW kininogen on both functional and immunologic determinations of prekallikrein. PMID- 7356689 TI - Adenylate cyclase responsiveness to hormones in various portions of the human nephron. AB - The action sites for parathyroid hormone (PTH), salmon calcitonin (SCT), and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) were investigated along the human nephron by measuring adenylate cyclase activity, using a single tubule in vitro microassay. Well localized segments of tubule were isolated by microdissection from five human kidneys unsuitable for transplantation. PTH (10 IU/ml) increased adenylate cyclase activity in the convoluted and the straight proximal tubule, in the medullary and cortical portions of the thick ascending limb, and in the early portion of the distal convoluted tubule (corresponding stimulated:basal activity ratios were 64, 19, 10, 18, and 22, respectively). SCT (10 ng/ml) increased adenylate cyclase activity in the medullary and cortical portions of the thick ascending limb, in the early portion of the distal convoluted tubule, and, to a lesser extent, in the cortical and the medullay collecting tubule (activity ratios were 7, 14, 15, 3, and 3, respectively). AVP (1 microM) stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the terminal nephron segments only, i.e., the late portion of the distal convoluted tubule, the cortical and medullary portions of the collecting tubule (activity ratios 81, 51, and 97, respectively). As measured in one experiment, nearly one-half maximal responses were obtained with 0.1 IU/ml PTH or 0.3 ng/ml SCT in thick ascending limbs and with 1 nM AVP in collecting tubules, suggesting that enzyme sensitivity to hormones as well preserved under the conditions used in this study. PMID- 7356690 TI - Time-course of insulin degradation in perifused isolated rat adipose cells. AB - Isolated fat cells from rat epididymal adipose tissue were preincubated with 50 microU/ml (0.33 nM) 125I-insulin at 23 degrees C to enhance binding while retarding degradation. The fat cells were then perifused at that temperature to remove unbound 125I-insulin, and fractions of perifusate were collected each minute. The temperature of the cells in the perifusion chamber was then rapidly increased to 37 degrees C, and perifusion was continued. The fat cells degraded a portion of the bound 125I-insulin measured by loss of immunoprecipitability with excess antisera to insulin. The percentage of degraded 125I-insulin dissociating from the fat cells increased progressively with time at 37 degrees C, and the rateof dissociation of 125I-insulin degradation products showed a first-order dependence on the amount of degraded 125I-insulin bound to the cells. To explain this first-order dependence it is necessary to postulate a "processing" step after binding and before degradation. The first-order rate constant at 37 degrees C is 0.023 +/- 0.004 min-1. Fast and slow dissociating components can be resolved from kinetic plots of the dissociation of undegraded 125I-insulin (immunoprecipitable) from the isolated fat cells. The antilipolytic activity of the 125I-insulin on epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis is evident over much of the time-course of dissociation. A model for the degradation of insulin bound to isolated fat cells is discussed. PMID- 7356691 TI - Effect of glucose, independent of changes in insulin and glucagon secretion, on alanine metabolism in the conscious dog. AB - To study the effects of hyperglycemia on the metabolism of alanine and lactate independent of changes in plasma insulin and glucagon, glucose was infused into five 36-h-fasted dogs along with somatostatin and constant replacement amounts of both insulin and glucagon. Hepatic uptakes of alanine and lactate were calculated using the arteriovenous difference technique. [14C]Alanine was infused to measure the conversion of alanine and lactate into glucose. Hyperglycemia (delta 115 mg/dl) of 2 h duration caused the plasma alanine level to increase by over 50%. This change was caused by an increase in the inflow of alanine into plasma since the net hepatic uptake of the amino acid did not change. Taken together, the above findings indicate that glucose per se can significantly impair the fractional extraction of alanine by the liver. Hepatic extraction of lactate was also affected by hyperglycemia and had fallen to zero within 90 min of starting the glucose infusion. This fall was associated with a doubling of arterial lactate level. Conversion of [14C]-alanine and [14C]lactate into [14C]glucose was suppressed by 60 +/- 11% after 2 h of hyperglycemia, and because this fall could not be entirely accounted for by decreased lactate extraction an inhibitory effect of glucose on gluconeogenesis within the liver is suggested. These studies indicate that the plasma glucose level per se can be an important determinant of the level of alanine and lactate in plasma as well as the rate at which they are converted to glucose. PMID- 7356692 TI - Neuromorphology and neuropharmacology of the human penis: an in vitro study. AB - The neuromorphology and neuropharmacology of the human penis are only briefly described in literature. The present study was undertaken to define the adrenergic and cholinergic neuromorphology of the human corpus cavernosum (CC) and corpus spongiosum and to evaluate the in vitro response of the CC to pharmacologic stimulation. Human penile tissue was obtained from six transsexual patients undergoing penectomy. For morphologic study, the tissue was processed for (a) hematoxylin and eosin staining; (b) smooth muscle staining; (c) acetylcholinesterase localization; (d) glyoxylic acid histofluorescence; (e) electron microscopy; and (f) electron microscopy after glutaraldehyde dichromate fixation. In addition, strips of CC were placed in in vitro muscle chambers and tension changes recorded isometrically after stimulation with norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine. The CC contains abundant smooth muscle, numerous glyoxylic acidfluorescent (catecholaminergic) fibers and varicosities, and a scant distribution of acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers. Fewer of all these elements were present in the corpus spongiosum. No "polsters" were observed in the CC. Although glutaraldehyde-fixed controls exhibited no typical adrenergic vesicles (small, dense core, measuring 400-600 A in diameter), some small, strongly electron-dense vesicles were found in glutaraldehyde dichromate-fixed tissue and were thought to contain NE. A variety of other vesicles were also encountered. The addition of NE to the in vitro muscle chambers caused a dose-related contraction, which was blocked by pretreatment with phentolamine in all CC strips tested. Acetylcholine in high concentration produced minimal contraction in 2 of 24 strips. Our morphologic and pharmacologic data suggest that the sympathetic nervous system may affect erection by acting not only on the penile vasculature but also by direct action on the smooth muscle of the CC itself. PMID- 7356693 TI - Mononuclear cell modulation of connective tissue function: suppression of fibroblast growth by stimulation of endogenous prostaglandin production. AB - The role of immune cell products in modulating connective tissue metabolism was investigated. Supernates of both unstimulated and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human mononuclear cell cultures suppressed fibroblast proliferation (up to 90%) and concomintantly stimulated fibroblast prostaglandin E(PGE) synthesis (20- to 70-fold). The growth suppression was, at least in part, a secondary result of the increased fibroblast PGE synthesis; growth suppression (a) paralled the increased fibroblast PGE synthesis, (b) was reversed by addition of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis (indomethacin, meclofenamate, and eicostaetraynoic acid), and (c) was reproduced by addition of exogenous PGE2 to fibroblast cultures. The prostaglandin-stimulatory, growth-suppressive activity was a product of non-T lymphocyte, adherent cells and was present within 6 h of mononuclear cell culture. The activity was heat (56 degrees C) and trypsin sensitive, nondialyzable, and appeared in the 12,000-20,000 mol wt fractions by Sephadex G 100 chromatography. The activity in supernates of mononuclear cell cultures was removed by incubation with fibroblasts but not by similar incubation with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cells release a factor(s) which modulates fibroblast proliferation by altering prostaglandin metabolism. PMID- 7356694 TI - Gastric acid secretion is abnormally sensitive to endogenous gastrin released after peptone test meals in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - We studied 25 duodenal ulcer patients and 14 age- and sex-matched normal controls to determine whether gastric acid secretion in duodenal ulcer patients is abnormally sensitive to stimulation by gastrin endogenously released in response to meals. Acid response to saline and to 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0% peptone infused into the stomach was measured by 30 min intragastric titration. Total serum gastrin (G-total) and serum heptadecapeptide gastrin (G17), fasting and 30 min after each test meal, were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. In 19 ulcer patients and 11 normal subjects (controls), acid response to graded doses (11, 33, 100, and 300 pmol kg(-1) h(-1)) of G17-I were also measured. Mean acid output in response to each dose of peptone was significantly higher in duodenal ulcer patients than in the controls. Gastrin levels in ulcer patients and controls were not significantly different. Within individual patients and controls, both G-total and G17 were significantly correlated with meal-stimulated acid output regardless of whether the absolute, basal-corrected, or distention corrected values for acid output were examined (median r ranged from 0.82 to 0.94, P < 0.001). From the individual regression lines, the gastrin concentrations corresponding to half of the highest observed meal-stimulated acid response (D(50m)) were calculated. Mean D(50m) for G-total and G17 were significantly lower in duodenal ulcer patients than in controls both in the overall group and in pairs of ulcer patients and controls matched on the basis of highest observed meal-stimulated acid responses, or on the basis of maximal acid output in response to synthetic human G17. The dose of exogenously administered G17 required for half maximal G17 acid response mean D(50g), was significantly less in patients than in control subjects. In both ulcer and control subjects, D(50g) correlated significantly with D(50m). This and the significant correlation between meal-stimulated G17 and acid response strongly suggest that the endogenously released gastrin was responsible for most, if not all, of the postpeptone acid output.We conclude that after peptone test meals, gastric acid secretion in duodenal ulcer patients was abnormally sensitive to stimulation by endogenously released gastrin. PMID- 7356695 TI - Vitamin K-dependent calcium binding proteins in aortic valve calcification. AB - The pathogenesis of valvar calcification, which complicates the course of cardiac valve disease and also affects tissue valve prostheses, is incompletely understood. The present work explores the possible role of the vitamin K dependent, calcium-binding amino acid, gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) in valve mineralization. Gla is normally found in the vitamin K-dependent clotting factor proteins, and is also present in unique calcium binding proteins in bone, kidney, and lung. Unique Gla-containing proteins have also been isolated from pathologic calcifications including calcium containing renal stones and calcified atherosclerotic plaque. Calcified valves including specimens with calcific aortic stenosis, calcified porcine xenograft valves, and a calcified aortic homograft valve were analyzed for Gla content, complete amino acid analysis, and tissue calcium and phosphorus levels. Normal porcine valves contained protein-bound Gla (2.0-10.6 Gla/10(4) amino acids): no Gla was present in normal valve leaflets. Furthermore, Gla levels paralleled tissue calcium content in the calcified valves. In addition, complete amino acid analysis indicated a decline in valvar collagen content plus increased acidic proteins in conjunction with valvar calcification and the presence of Gla-containing proteins. These results suggest that calcific valvar disease may result in part from vitamin K-dependent processes. PMID- 7356696 TI - Biopsy of the matrix of a nail. PMID- 7356697 TI - Combined organoid and melanocytic nevus. PMID- 7356698 TI - Stellate excision of malignancies on the auricles. AB - Primary excision of malignancies on the auricles with the standard "wedge technique" may produce lateral protrusion of the helix. A stellate-type excision eliminates the possibility of this undesirable effect and allows the surgeon to close large defects in the helix. The technique is described in detail. PMID- 7356699 TI - Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, multiple dysplastic keratoses, and squamous-cell carcinoma of the glans penis. AB - A man who had been circumcised in adulthood developed, in sequence, balanitis xerotica obliterans (lichen sclerosus et atrophicus), multiple dysplastic keratoses, and a superficial, well-differentiated squamous-cell carcinoma on the glans penis. Squamous-cell carcinoma that develops after circumcision in adulthood tends to be more aggressive in biologic behavior and more malignant looking in histology. Cancer developing within lesions of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus has been reported rarely. PMID- 7356700 TI - Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa. AB - Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa is an unusual and impressive cutaneous hypertrophy that may occur secondary to chronic, severe lymphedema or venous insufficiency, usually of a lower extremity. The condition consists of hyperkeratotic, verrucous, and papillomatous projections. A case is reported in a white woman. PMID- 7356701 TI - Permanent loss of finger nails from sensitization and reaction to acrylic in a preparation designed to make artificial nails. AB - Six years ago a patient suffered a severe allergic reaction from sensitization to methyl methacrylate in a mixture of materials designed to make artificial nails. There was marked erythema, edema, and pain of the eponychial and paronychial tissues with persistent paresthesia of the finger tips. Gradual destruction of the nail plates developed and since no regrowth of the nails resumed in six years, the loss of the finger nails is found to be permanent. PMID- 7356703 TI - Autonomic dysfunction in the Guillain-Barre syndrome. Hemodynamic and neurobiochemical studies. AB - In 12 patients suffering from the Guillain-Barre syndrome, with autonomic dysfunction, a hemodynamic study was performed and biological counts of neurotransmitter metabolites were repeatedly taken in the urine, the plasma and the lumber cerebrospinal fluid. In the course of the Guillain-Barre syndrome with autonomic dysfunction the changes in hemodynamic indices suggest a state of sympathetic hyperactivity. There is an increase in cerebrospinal neurotransmitter metabolite levels with an increase in central cathecholaminergic and serotoninergic activity. The findings point to an interference of central structures in the sympathetic hyperactivity observed. PMID- 7356702 TI - The use of inotropic drugs in myocardial contusion: 2 case reports. AB - Myocardial contusion is a common complication of blunt chest injury. Severe heart failure and shock may result. The haemodynamic consequences of myocardial contusion in two patients are described; both received inotropic agents. In the first patient dobutamine was successful in improving myocardial function; dopamine had similar effects on the heart. In the second patient dopamine, preferred for its renal effects, produced a short-term improvement in myocardial function. The rational use of pharmacological agents in this condition demands precise understanding of the underlying haemodynamic disturbances. PMID- 7356704 TI - Rapid measurement of blood pressure in the sick neonate. AB - We measured mean arterial blood pressure using a hydrostatic technique in 24 sick neonates who had umbilical artery catheters in place. Value for blood pressure obtained with this technique correlated significantly (r = 0.9844, P less than 0.01) with measurements obtained with standard strain gauge and electronic monitor. The method is simple, quick, and safe. It is particularly useful when the infant's size or clinical condition precludes the use of the sphygmomanometer or Doppler ultrasound device or in a setting, such as during transport, when standard electronic means of blood pressure measurement are unavailable. PMID- 7356707 TI - Contact hypersensitivity, humoral immunity, and specific unresponsiveness can be induced in Syrian hamsters with simple haptens. AB - Several inbred strains of Syrian hamsters have been immunized by skin painting with highly reactive haptens. Classical contact hypersensitivity has been assayed by the ear swelling response: the response is hapten-specific, exaggerated after re-immunization with the original hapten, and can be transferred adoptively to naive syngeneic hamsters with viable lymphoid cells, suggesting that contact hypersensitivity is mediated in hamsters by T lymphocytes. Moreover, skin painting with hapten induces significant serum titers of anti-hapten antibodies, indicating that antigen-specific B lymphocytes are also activated. Hamsters can be rendered unresponsive to these same haptens by conventional methods: 1) i.v. inoculation of the soluble hapten sulfonate or 2) inoculation of hapten derivatized syngeneic lymphoid cells. Hamsters treated with these "tolerizing" maneuvers develop profound hapten-specific unresponsiveness that can be adoptively transferred to naive recipients with living lymphoid cells. "Unresponsive" animals, however, make strong anti-hapten antibody responses that rival the humoral immune responses found after skin sensitization. The data suggest that an active process is involved in the induction and maintenance of the unresponsive state, but responsibility can not be assigned firmly to putative suppressor T cells or to an antibody-mediated B suppressor modality. PMID- 7356705 TI - A computerized report form for the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (Cardiac Computer Report - B.M. Kennelly). AB - A report form is described which has been designed to cover the likely diagnoses of patients admitted to a cardiac intensive care unit. The information entered can readily be stored for computer retrieval and includes biographical and clinical data, information pertaining to medications, procedures, complications, arrhythmias, and electrocardiographic and serum enzyme values, with special reference to patients with acute myocardial infarction. The data is entered by the medical, nursing and secretarial staff prior to encoding and computer storage. The report from which has evolved from its prototype 7 years ago, is described in the hope that it may be a basis for modification to the needs of other cardiac intensive care units presently without a data retrieval system. PMID- 7356706 TI - Modulation of the activity of the classical complement pathway C3 convertase by surface-bound C3 or C5. PMID- 7356708 TI - Human neutrophil-derived platelet activating factor. PMID- 7356709 TI - Complement receptors on guinea pig epidermal Langerhans cells. AB - A population of guinea pig epidermal cells possessed the ability to form rosettes with IgM antibody-sensitized sheep erythrocytes coated with purified human C3b (SEAIgMC1-), but not with intermediates carrying C1, C4, or C2. This population of rosette-forming epidermal cells was identified as Langerhans cells (LC) ultrastructurally and by LC depletion and enrichment studies. In addition, these cells were able to bind fluid phase C3b, which inhibited any subsequent SEAIgMC1 3b rosette formation. Rosette formation was also inhibited after SEAIgMC1-3b pretreatment with beta 1H and C3b-inactivator. LC were shown to possess trypsin resistant C3b and Fc receptors, and unlike the temperature-independent nature of LC Fc-rosette formation, the ability of LC to form C3 rosettes was a temperature dependent process. The finding of C3b receptors on the surface of guinea pig epidermal LC supports the concept that they are of the phagocytic monocyte macrophage family. PMID- 7356710 TI - Cytotoxicity of human macrophages for tumor cells: enhancement by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). AB - Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates human macrophages derived from peripheral blood monocytes to kill tumor cells in vitro. Maximum cytotoxicity was observed after 8 to 24 hr of incubation with LPS. However, if the macrophages are activated with LPS for 8 hr and then maintained in medium for an additional 16 hr before assay, their cytotoxic capacity is lost. In comparison to normal macrophages, LPS-activated macrophages were cytotoxic to the three malignant cell lines tested but had no effect on the three nonmalignant cell lines. Human macrophages can be made tumoricidal by the addition of greater than or equal to 10 microgram/ml LPS, and the effect is abolished in the presence of polymyxin B. PMID- 7356711 TI - A hybridoma from an autoimmune NZB/NZW mouse producing monoclonal antibody to ribosomal-RNA. AB - Spleen cells from an unimmunized autoimmune NZB/NZW F1 female mouse were fused to the BALB/c MPC-11 drug-resistant clone 45.6 TG 1.7. One hybrid clone (D4) produced IgG-3 immunoglobulin that bound ribosomal RNA. A high concentration of this antibody was produced in the ascitic fluid of NZB/NZW male mice. DNA, tRNA, and synthetic single- and double-stranded polynucleotides could not bind significantly to the antibody. A Scatchard analysis showed that the rRNA-binding immunoglobulin is monoclonal and has a high affinity (10(9) liter/mole) for the RNA antigen. PMID- 7356712 TI - The preparation of rabbit antiserum specific for mammalian testicular sulfogalactoglycerolipid. PMID- 7356713 TI - Delayed-type hypersensitivity to liver F antigen in the mouse. PMID- 7356715 TI - Tegument-associated antigen modulation by adult male Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Adult Schistosoma mansoni from mice were incubated in rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin class or subclass-specific sera. The rabbit antibody binding was then visualized by incubation of the labeled worms in fluoresceinated Staphylococcus aureus, which associated with the Fc portion of the rabbit antibody molecule by means of bacterial cell wall Protein A. The assay system was found to be simple, inexpensive, specific, repeatable, and rapidly accomplished. By using this technique, previous work documenting the presence of mouse IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, IgA, and IgM on the tegumental surface of adult worms of mouse origin was confirmed. It was further confirmed that the complexing of rabbit antibody to the mouse antigen led to the shedding of that antigen from the parasite's surface membrane within 20 min at 37 degrees C. This shedding phenomenon was specific for only those antigens interacting with the ligand and was inhibited by incubation with sodium fluoride, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, cytochalasin B, cytochalasin D, caffeine, or at 4 degrees C. These data indicate a sophisticated control mechanism exercised by the parasite over its interface with the host and may indicate a complexity of the host-parasite relationship not heretofore recognized. PMID- 7356714 TI - Extensive necrosis of spontaneous canine mammary adenocarcinoma after extracorporeal perfusion over Staphylococcus aureus Cowans I. I. Description of acute tumoricidal response: morphologic, histologic, immunohistochemical, immunologic, and serologic findings. PMID- 7356716 TI - The effects of dialyzable products from human leukocyte extracts on cutaneous delayed-hypersensitivity response. AB - Fractions from human whole leukocyte lysates were prepared by sequential double dialysis against membranes with cut-offs of m.w. 12,000 and 3500, and by elution chromatography on Sephadex G-10. The effect of localized intracutaneous implantation of fractions with m.w. less than 3500 was studied. Two types of response were obtained: 1) the amplification of response to antigen to which the donor had preexisting immunity, and 2) the induction of inflammatory response histologically resembling delayed hypersensitivity in the absence of added antigen. The substances mediating these responses could be separated into unique components by use of a long (1 x 150 cm) G-10 column, or by hydroxylapatite chromatography. The active principles were derived from leukocyte extracts (as demonstrated by their absence from autologous RBC extracts prepared by identical methodology), and the histopathologic appearances after intracutaneous implantation were compatible with those of a delayed-hypersensitivity response. No evidence of transfer of antigen-specific information from a sensitive donor to a nonsensitive recipient was obtained under the conditions of study. PMID- 7356717 TI - Accelerated loss and replacement of receptors on antigen-binding cells after immunization. PMID- 7356718 TI - Mapping of lymphocyte surface polypeptide antigens by chemical cross-linking with BSOCOES. PMID- 7356720 TI - Induction of Fc epsilon-receptor bearing cells in vitro in human peripheral lymphocytes. AB - Fc epsilon R-bearing lymphocytes were induced in vitro by the culture of peripheral lymphocytes from ragweed-sensitive patients with antigen E together with, or followed by, human IgE. Neither antigen E alone nor IgE alone induced Fc epsilon R(+) cells. As expected, culture of normal lymphocytes with the antigen and IgE failed to increase Fc epsilon R(+) cells. However, mixed lymphocyte cultures from two normal individuals responsed to human IgE for the induction of Fc epsilon R(+) cells. In both antigen-stimulated and mixed lymphocyte cultures, a portion of Fc epsilon R(+) cells induced in vitro were T lymphocytes. Evidence was obtained that Fc gamma R(+) cells are involved in the induction of Fc epsilon R(+) cells. Depletion of Fc gamma R(+) cells in the lymphocytes from ragweed sensitive patients, before culture with antigen E and IgE, abolished the ability of the lymphocytes to respond to IgE for an increase in Fc epsilon R(+) cells. PMID- 7356719 TI - The regulation of human eosinophil function by endogenous mono-hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). PMID- 7356721 TI - Permeability changes induced in erthrocyte ghost targets by antibody-dependent cytotoxic effector cells: evidence for membrane pores. PMID- 7356722 TI - The influence of incubation time and mitogen concentration on lymphocyte blastogenic response: determination of conditions that maximize population differences. AB - The blastogenic responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes is a commonly applied measure of immune response capability. This assay is generally run under conditions of maximum lymphocyte stimulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate which conditions of lymphocyte culture were able to best discriminate normal from subnormal lymphocyte responses to mitogens and antigens. Mitogen or antigen concentrations and the length of incubation time were varied while other assay conditions (serum supplement, lymphocyte concentration, amount of label, and length of label pulse) were kept constant. A total of 24 cancer patients and 25 normal controls were studied. Under optimal assay conditions that provided for maximum lymphocyte stimulation, we were unable to distinguish differences in response between young and old individuals or cancer patients and normal controls. However, at suboptimal mitogen/antigen concentrations or suboptimal incubation times, significant differences were observed in these populations. It is suggested that in the evaluation of lymphocyte stimulation responses in various clinical groups, suboptimal lymphocyte culture conditions may provide for maximum discrimination among the groups. PMID- 7356723 TI - Activation of the alternative complement pathway: recognition of surface structures on activators by bound C3b. PMID- 7356724 TI - Macrophage-mediated suppression. I. Evidence for participation of both hdyrogen peroxide and prostaglandins in suppression of murine lymphocyte proliferation. AB - Macrophage-mediated suppression of Con A induced proliferation of murine splenic lymphocytes was studied in vitro. Either Corynebacterium parvrum-induced peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) or thioglycollate-induced PEC could totally suppress lymphocyte proliferation at a PEC:lymphocyte ratio of 2:10, whereas a ratio of 1 to 1.5: 10 caused a partial (60 to 68%) suppression. Exogenous PGE1 and PGE2 at concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-6) M could not totally suppress lymphocyte proliferation. Conversely, indomethacin reversed the partial suppression by macrophages but only partially protected the totally suppressed lymphocyte cultures. Macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity and cytostasis have been proposed to be mediated by hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, hydrogen peroxide was investigated as a possible additional cause for macrophage-mediated suppression, by testing the anti-inhibitory effects of catalase. Partially suppressed cultures were effectively protected from suppression by catalase. In totally suppressed cultures, catalase alone was only minimally effective, but a synergistic effect of catalase and indomethacin was obtained, which provided complete protection from maximal macrophage-mediated suppression. Catalase presumably contributes to the reversal of macrophage suppressive effects both by reducing the direct toxic effect of H2O2 and by preventing the H2O2 from generating additional prostaglandins. PMID- 7356725 TI - Membrane attack complex of complement: a structural analysis of its assembly. AB - This study was conducted to gain insight into the process of assembly of the membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement through structural analysis. Four intermediate complexes and the MAC were examined by electron microscopy and by sucrose density-gradient ultracentrifugation. The C5b-6 complex has a sedimentation rate of 11S, an elongated, slightly curved shape and dimensions of 160 x 60 x 60 A. At protein concentrattions greater than 1 mg/ml, and physiologic ionic strength and pH, the complex forms paracrystals that have the appearance of parallel strands. Equimolar quantities of C5b-6 and C7 mixed in the absence of lipids or detergents give rise to C5b-7 protein micelles which are soluble in aqueous media and have a sedimentation rate of 36S, suggesting a tetrameric composition. Ultrastructurally, C5b-7 protein micelles consist of four half rings, each measuring 200 x 50 A, which are connected to one another by short stalks extending from the convex side of the half-rings. C5b-7 bound to dioleoyl lecithin (DOL) vesicles has a similar ultrastructural appearance. After extraction with deoxycholate (DOC), C5b-7 has a sedimentation velocity of 36S which further suggests the occurrence of C5b-7 in the form of tetrameric protein micelles. Attachment of C8 to vesicle-bound C5b-7 results in dissociation of the protein micelles. An individual C5b-8 complex appears as a half-ring attached to the DOL-vesicle via a 100-A-long and 30-A-wide stalk. After extraction from the DOL-vesicles with DOC, C5b-8 has a sedimentation velocity of approximately 18S. Binding of C9 to DOL-vesicle bound C5b-8 induces the formation of the typical ultrastructural complement lesions. C5b-9 extracted from the vesicles with DOC has a sedimentation rate of 33S, which is characteristic of the C5b-9 dimer. It is concluded that dimerization is a function of C9. C5b-9 monomers are visualized when a single C5b-9 complex or an odd number of complexes were bound per DOL vesicle. The C5b-9 monomer has an ultrastructural appearance that is theoretically expected of a half-dimer: a 200- x 50-A half-ring which is attached to the DOL-vesicle by a 100- x 80-A appendage. Extracted with DOC, the C5b-9 monomer has a sedimentation rate of 23S. At a higher multiplicity of MAC per DOL vesicle, large structural defects in the lipid bilayer are seen which are attributed to direct physical destruction of membranes by the known lipid-binding capacity of the MAC. It is proposed that protein micelle formation at the C5b-7 stage of MAC assembly and dissociation of these micelles upon binding of C8 are events that facilitate dimerization of C5b-9 and thus MAC formation. PMID- 7356727 TI - Role of antigen-presenting cells in the development and persistence of contact hypersensitivity. AB - Three outcomes pertinent to contact sensitivity (CS) follow immunization with various forms of trinitrophenylated (TNP) substrates: (a) specific immunological unresponsiveness for CS is induced when immunization favors activation of splenic suppressor cells. This state is achieved by intravenous injection of trinitrophenyl-conjugated to various types of cells, such as peritoneal exudate cells (PEC). (b) A short-lived or evanescent form of CS is induced when immunization reduces activation of the suppressor circuit. This can be achieved by subcutaneous immunization with trinitrophenyl conjugated to syngeneic PEC, by pretreatment with cyclophosphamide to diminish suppression before intravenous immunization, or by altering the mode of antigen presentation by using TNP substrate that has undergone phagocytosis. (c) A long-lived form of CS is induced when trinitrophenyl is presented to the immune system on skin cells either by contact skin painting with reactive trinitrophenyl, or by subcutaneous, or even intravenous injection of trinitrophenyl-conjugated epidermal cells. In fact, trinitrophenyl-conjugated epidermal cells induced CS even when the suppressor circuit was activated by intravenous coadministration of TNP-PEC. This implies that antigen presentation on epidermal cells induces sensitized cells that are relatively resistant to suppression. The cell type(s) in the skin that are primarily responsible for this potent form of antigen presentation are most likely Langerhans cells, because they can be concentrated by virtue of their Fc receptors and they are Ia positive. Thus, both the anatomical site where antigen is first encountered by the immune apparatus, as well as the nature of the cells which present the antigen, determine whether a CS response will ensue, as well as whether it will be evanescent or long-lasting. PMID- 7356726 TI - Failure to trigger the oxidative metabolic burst by normal macrophages: possible mechanism for survival of intracellular pathogens. AB - As previously reported, normal human monocytes (11) and activated mouse macrophages (9) are able to kill or inhibit intracellular replication of Toxoplasma that are not antibody coated, whereas normal human and mouse macrophages are not (7, 9). Each of these types of mononuclear phagocytes is able to kill antibody-coated Toxoplasma. In our studies, phagocytosis of antibody coated Toxoplasma stimulated the respiratory burst by each of these types of mononuclear phagocytes, whereas phagocytosis of organisms that were not antibody coated stimulated the respiratory burst only by human monocytes and by activated mouse macrophages. Phagocytosis of Toxoplasma did not inhibit production of reactive oxygen metabolites by normal macrophages; rather, it failed to stimulate their production. Killing of Toxoplasma by monocytes from a child with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease and his heterozygote mother was impaired. Thus, reactive oxygen metabolites, perhaps in conjunction with lysosomal contents, appear to be first-line mechanisms whereby mononuclear phagocytes kill this organism. We were not able to determine the exact mechanisms whereby mononuclear phagocytes inhibit the replication of those Toxoplasma that were not killed, although both oxygen-dependent and other nonlysosomal mechanisms may be involved. The differences we observed in oxidative response to phagocytosis of Toxoplasma appear to be one determinant of the antimicrobial activity of these cells and may account for the ability of some intracellular pathogens to survive within phagocytes. These differences may be membrane related. Further studies of Toxoplasma membranes, phagocyte membrane receptors for Toxoplasma, and membrane related mechanisms for activation of the respiratory burst are needed to define their true basis. PMID- 7356729 TI - Is there still a place for bone scanning in Ewing's sarcoma? Concise communication. AB - In this retrospective study, 28 cases of Ewing's sarcoma are reviewed for the onset of metastasis. Bone scans demonstrated bone metastasis in three out of 28 patients at presentation. Of the 22 patients free of metastases at presentation, ten subsequently developed bone metastases. In six of these patients, the bone scan was the earliest demonstrator of metastatic disease. Bone scans are recommended at presentation and periodically during follow-up. PMID- 7356730 TI - Re: Comments on equilibrium, transient equilibrium, and secular equilibrium in serial radioactive decay. PMID- 7356728 TI - A murine C4 molecule with reduced hemolytic efficiency. AB - C4 functional activity and antigenic levels were determined in H-2-congenic mouse strains. In strains with the H-2w7 haplotype, the C4 hemolytic activity per unit of residual Ss antigenic activity, after depletion of the nonfunctional Slp positive molecules was 25-33% that found with other H-2 haplotypes. This reduced hemolytic efficiency was not the result of either a more labile C4 molecule or of the presence of inhibitors. Moreover, other strains with comparable antigenic concentrations of Ss (C4) and Slp has three- to fourfold higher levels of C4 hemolytic activity. Based on these data and previously reported structural differences between C4 molecules from the H-2w7 haplotype compared with other standard H-2 haplotypes, the reduced hemolytic efficiency of this molecule is probably secondary to alterations in the structure of its alpha-chain. PMID- 7356731 TI - Re: A simple method for the air monitoring of Xe-133. PMID- 7356732 TI - Radionuclide screening for renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7356733 TI - Traumatic pseudoaneurysm presenting as a thyroid mass. PMID- 7356734 TI - Spleen scanning in humans with Tc-99m-labeled erythrocytes: concise communication. AB - Technetium-99m-labeled heat-damaged erythrocytes were evaluated as a spleen imaging agent in 14 patients. Spleen-to-liver deposition ratios were increased to such an extent that the liver was rarely visualized, and interference from the hepatic left lobe of the liver was eliminated. Information obtained was accurate and diagnostically adequate in various splenic involvements. This tracer appears to be one of the better spleen imaging agents presently available. PMID- 7356735 TI - Sequential scintiphotography with technetium-99m pyridoxylideneglutamate in the detection of intrahepatic lithiasis: concise communication. AB - Sequential scintiphotography with Tc-99m pyridoxylideneglutamate was used to evaluate patients under strong suspicion of intrahepatic stones. The scintiphotos of 19 cases were analyzed. Results indicate that the sequential study reveals an excretion pattern pertinent to the diagnosis of intrahepatic stone. This simple and innocuous approach would be a useful screening technique for this disease. PMID- 7356736 TI - Role of iron-binding proteins and enhanced capillary permeability on the accumulation of gallium-67. AB - We studied the role of the iron-binding proteins transferrin and lactoferrin and of increased capillary permeability on the accumulation of gallium-67 in rabbits. Intramuscular injection of histamine caused accumulation of gallium-67 (injected i.v. as citrate), and of Tc-99m DTPA, at the i.m. injection site. Normal saline and albumin did not. Intramuscular injection of transferrin or lactoferrin similarly caused Ga-67 uptake. No accumulation of Tc-99m DTPA was observed at the site of transferrin injection but there was a slight accumulation at the site of lactoferrin injection. Prior saturation of transferrin or lactoferrin with ferric ion abolished their effect on Ga-67 accumulation. Gallium-67, pre-bound to transferrin vitro, did not accumulate at the site of histamine or transferrin injection, but there was a slight accumulation at the lactoferrin site. Our results suggest that either increased capillary permeability or iron-binding progeins can cause local uptake of Ga-67. Since these factors are present at sites of inflammation, they may contribute to the accumulation of gallium in inflammatory lesions. PMID- 7356737 TI - Metabolic activity of sodium, measured by neutron activation, in the hands of patients suffering from bone diseases: concise communication. AB - Turnover of sodium in the human hand was studied by neutron activation. Patients suffering from various metabolic abnormalities affecting the skeleton, who were undergoing routine neutron activation for the measurement of calcium, were investigated along with a group of healthy volunteers. Neutron activation labels the sodium atoms simultaneously and with equal probability regardless of the turnover time of individual body compartments. The loss of sodium can be described either by a sum of two exponentials or by a single power function. Distinctions between patients and normal subjects were not apparent from the exponential model but were brought out by the power function. The exponent of time in the latter is a measure of clearance rate. The mean values of this parameter in (a) a group of patients suffering from acromegaly: (b) a group including Paget's disease, osteoporosis, Cushing's disease, and hyperparathyroidism; and (c) a group of healthy subjects, were found to be significantly different from each other. PMID- 7356738 TI - Decreased bone uptake of technetium-99m polyphosphate in thalassemia major. AB - Bone scans were performed with Tc-99m stannous polyphosphate on four patients with thalassemia major. Three of the scans show generalized decrease in skeletal uptake of the radiopharmaceutical, associated with renal enlargement and markedly increased renal radioactivity. The skeletal findings are consistent with the known bone abnormalities in thalassemia major, which are secondary to the extensive marrow hyperplasia and include loss of trabeculae and cortical thinning with consequent loss of bone mass. The increased renal uptake is probably due in part to the increased renal excretion (secondary to the poor bone uptake) and in part to the tubular dilatation and renal enlargement associated with thalassemia major. In addition, the presence of excessive amounts of iron in these patients may play a role in both the skeletal and renal findings. PMID- 7356739 TI - Failure to visualize adrenal glands in a patient with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. AB - A patient with clinical and biochemical evidence of Cushing's disease and severe hyperlipidemia underwent an adrenal imaging procedure with NP-59 (6 beta [131I]iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol), without visualization of either gland. Correction of the hyperlipidemia followed by repeated adrenal imaging resulted in bilateral visualization. A pituitary tumor was removed at surgery, confirming the diagnosis of Cushing's disease. PMID- 7356740 TI - Metabolism of guanido-labeled (C-14)arginine in rats, mice, and man. AB - [6-14C]arginine, injected intraperitoneally into normal rats, was cleared from the plasma with biphasic decay kinetics. Urinary excretion was efficient (32% of the 25-muCi dose within the first 24 hr) with no preferential tissue retention. In mice, the effective duration of the radiotracer's availability for protein biosynthesis was less than 30 min. When the tracer was administered i.v. to patients with multiple myeloma, it was similarly cleared from the plasma with biphasic kinetics, and was excreted rapidly in the urine (22% of the dose within the first 24 hr). In patients, the guanido-tagged arginine labeled only tumor M component, and the labeling was most intense in patients who had far advanced disease. Estimated radiation dose to humans from a 100-muCi injection was 10 mrads. These studies demonstrate the fesibility of in vivo labeling with [16 14C]arginine, with minimal radiation hazard, thus providing a simple, sensitive, and specific method for monitoring the synthesis of the plasmacytoma M component in patients with multiple myeloma. PMID- 7356741 TI - Improved protein labeling by stannous tartrate reduction of pertechnetate. AB - A procedure has been developed whereby small amounts of protein--specifically human serum albumin and immunoglobulin G--can be labeled with Tc-99m. Artifactual problems associated with electrolytic and stannous chloride labeling procedures are virtually eliminated. The procedure is satisfactory for labeling human serum albumin, normal goat immunoglobulin G, and goat anti-carcinoembryonic antigen immunoglobulin G. PMID- 7356742 TI - Biochemistry of metalocenes. The organ distribution of hydroxyacetyl [103Ru]ruthenocene and its glucuronide in mice. AB - Hydroxyacetyl [103Ru]ruthenocene and its o-glucuronide were prepared in vitro by incubation of acetyl [103Ru]ruthenocene with rat-liver homogenate, NADPH, and UDP glucuronate. The factors affecting hydroxylation and glucuronidation in vitro were optimized for acetylruthenocene. Hydroxyacetyl [103Ru]ruthenocene glucuronide showed no affinity for the adrenal glands, but after i.v. administration of hy droxyacetyl [103Ru]ruthenocene there was a distinct accumulation of Ru-103 in adrenals, similar to that found after administration of acetyl [103Ru]ruthenocene. PMID- 7356743 TI - Localization of radiolabeled mouse alloantibody in a sarcoma induced by 3 methylcholanthrene. AB - The distribution of twice-purified I-125-labeled alloantibody, prepared from the serum of strain DBA/2J mice obtained after immunization with strain C3H/HeJ spleen cells, was studied in immunosuppressed DBA/2J mice bearing either an allogeneic C3H/HeJ MCA sarcoma (i.e., one induced by 3-methylcholanthrene) or a syngeneic MCA sarcoma. Radiolabeled antibody was isolated from labeled immune gamma globulin by adsorption onto C3H/HeJ red blood cells and elution from stroma prepared from these cells, followed by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography. This purified antibody bound specifically in vitro to C3H/HeJ red blood cells. In vivo this antibody localized preferentially in C3H/HeJ MCA sarcomas. An enrichment procedure was developed to increase the yield of radiolabeled alloantibody. The localization of I-131-labeled alloantibody in allogeneic tumor was visualized by external scintigraphy. Control I-131-labeled normal DBA/2J gamma globulin did not show such tumor localization. PMID- 7356744 TI - Potential column chromatography for ionic Ga-68. II: Organic ion exchangers as chromatographic supports. AB - A potential Ge-68 leads to Ga-68 generator system, based on the adsorption of Ge 68 from a dilute hydrofluoric acid eluent onto a commercially available organic anionexchange resin, is described. The distribution coefficients between the resin and dilute hydrofluoric acid were measured for germanium and gallium, and the breakthrough of germanium from a generator column determined. Using 0.01 N HF, the Kd values are 27 and greater than 4,000 for gallium and germanium, respectively. Gallium-68 can be quantitatively collected with 4 ml of 0.01 N HF. After neutralization, this provides a biologically safe concentration of NaF for injection. The breakthrough levels of germanium-68 remain lower than 10(-4) for up to 600 collections. PMID- 7356745 TI - The effect of cancer chemotherapeutic agents on the liver-spleen scan. AB - The effects of short-term cancer chemotherapy on the liver-spleen scintiscans of 15 patients were assessed. Half of these exhibited minimal and transient changes in the pattern of radiocolloid distribution and/or chemical liver-function tests. No examples of new focal defects were seen. The data suggest that cytotoxic drugs are capable of inducing minor scan changes that might be attributed erroneously to intrinsic hepatic disease. PMID- 7356746 TI - A rapid and reproducible method for the separation of cells from radioactive media. AB - A simple method is described for the rapid separation of cells, containing radioactive material, from their suspending medium. Cells, in aqueous medium, are layered on fetal bovine serum in microfuge tubes. The tubes are immediately spun for 1 min, frozen in ethanol-dry-ice, and their tips sliced and assayed. This method is both faster and more convenient than currently employed techniques. PMID- 7356747 TI - Skeletal blood flow: implications for bone-scan interpretation. AB - The dispersion of the skeleton throughout the body and its complex vascular anatomy require indirect methods for the measurement of skeletal blood flow. The results of one such method, compartmental analysis of skeletal tracer kinetics, are presented. The assumptions underlying the models were tested in animals and found to be in agreement with experimental observations. Based upon the models and the experimental results, inferences concerning bone-scan interpretation can be drawn: decreased cardiac output produces low-contrast ("technically poor") scans; decreased skeletal flow produces "photon-deficient" lesions; increase of cardiac output or of generalized systemic blood flow is undetectable 1--2 hr after dose; increased local skeletal blood flow results from disturbance of the bone microvasculature and can occur from neurologic (sympatholytic) disorders or in association with focal abnormalities that also incite the formation of reactive bone (e.g., metastasis, fracture, etc.). Mathematical solutions of tracer kinetic data thus become relevant to bone-scan interpretation. PMID- 7356748 TI - Still more applications of hepatobiliary scintigraphy. PMID- 7356749 TI - Modified technetium-99m heparin for the imaging of acute experimental myocardial infarcts. AB - We have reported previously that technetium-99m heparin (TcH) accumulates in, and allows scintigraphic identification of, damaged canine myocardium occurring with temporary occlusion and reperfusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. A recent modification consists of using heparin from sheep lung, with stannous phosphate as the reducing agent. In 12 dogs with permanent LAD occlusion, six were injected intravenously with TcH (3--6 mCi) at 24 hr after occlusion, and six at 48 hr. Each experimental animal demonstrated relatively high TcH uptake in the left-ventircular infarct region as compared with normal myocardium. The in vivo scintigrams in all animals with gross myocardial infarcts were positive. The results suggest that this modified TcH has value for identifying experimental myocardial infarcts and that the reduced bone uptake, compared with that occurring with Tc-99m phosphates, may be an advantage for scintigraphic infarct detection. PMID- 7356750 TI - Possible pitfalls with clinical imaging of indium-111 leukocytes: concise communication. AB - Indium-111 leukocyte imaging is a reliable procedure for detecting abscesses. Problems such as cell clumping can occur before injection, thus altering the normal distribution. Furthermore, accumulation of the labeled leukocytes in the colon, brain infarcts, and accessory spleens has been observed. Thus, these physiologic and pathologic conditions other than abscesses must be borne in mind to avoid false-positive diagnoses of abscess. PMID- 7356751 TI - Radiorespirometric testing of antibiotic sensitivity in urinary tract infections: concise communication. AB - A radiometric method, based on inhibition of 14CO2 release from bacterial metabolism of C-14-labeled glucose, was applied to test the susceptibility of urinary organisms to antibiotics. The testing was also carried out by the routine disc diffusion method after isolation of the organisms. Results of susceptibility to antibiotics could be obtained within 2 to 4 hr by the radiometric technique, compared with the 48 hr required for the disc method. PMID- 7356752 TI - The radionindium bone-marrow image in acute (malignant) myelofibrosis. AB - A patient with a rapidly fatal case of acute myelofibrosis had a radioindium bone marrow image that unexpectedly showed a normal pattern of distribution, unlike the more typical forms of chronic myelofibrosis or agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. The rapid progression of the disease and the unique handling of radioindium by the reticuloendothelial system may explain the discordant findings. PMID- 7356753 TI - Radioiodinated estrogen derivatives. AB - Monoiodohexestrol exhibits 10 to 15% specific binding to the 8S estrogen receptor while the remainder binds to nonreceptor 4S proteins. Reduction of nonreceptor binding with either thyroxine or 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid was not quantitative. Thus no accurate determination of the concentration of receptor sites in the radioreceptor assay was possible by graphical analysis. Two additional estrogens--17 alpha [125I]iodoethynylestradiol and 17 alpha [125I]iodoethynyl-11 beta-methoxy estradiol--were synthesized at high specific activity. Although the iodoethynyl derivatives were stable under synthetic conditions, deiodination in the presence of proteins is too fast to allow either in vivo or in vitro use. To make these compounds clinically useful, therefore, chemical modification to reduce nonreceptor binding and the rate of dehalogenation must be undertaken. PMID- 7356754 TI - Regional intracellular pH shift: a proposed new mechanism for radiopharmaceutical uptake in brain and other tissues. AB - This paper proposes a new mechanism for radiopharmaceutical uptake, which may be applicable to a variety of clinical studies. Many tissues and organs have low intracellular pH, either normally or as a result of various metabolic disturbances. We have developed a series of compounds that are neutral and lipid soluble at blood pH. These molecules can diffuse freely into cells. In those regions where intracellular pH is low, they pick up a hydrogen ion and become charged. In this form they are no longer lipid-soluble and are trapped because they cannot diffuse out of the cell. Studies of the brain uptake of two compounds of this type, Se-75 labeled di-beta-(morpholinoethyl)-selenide (MOSE) and di-beta (piperidinoethyl)-selenide (PIPSE), demonstrate the application of the principle. PMID- 7356755 TI - Renal clearance and extraction parameters of ortho-iodohippurate (I-123) compared with OIH(I-131) and PAH. AB - o-[131I] iodohippurate [OIH(I-131)] has been used for many years in the estimation of effective renal plasma flow. This compound suffers from low photon yield and poor images when the quantity used is limited to stay within a reasonable radiation dose. To test the validity of substituting I-123 for I-131, a series of experiments was performed in a surgically prepared dog model. The extraction ratios and clearance values OIH(I-123) prepared from radionuclidically pure I-123 were compared with those of commercial OIH(I-131) and PAH. The extraction ratios for OIH(I-123) and OIH(I-131) were 0.65 and 0.67, representing 0.86 and 0.88 that of PAH, respectively. The clearance values (cc/min/kg) for the I123 and I-123) can be used to estimate effective renal plasma flow; moreover, because of the high yield within an acceptable radiation dose range, images of good quality can be produced. PMID- 7356757 TI - Re: deconvolutional analysis in radionuclide quantitation of left-to-right cardiac shunts. PMID- 7356758 TI - Regarding venography and lung scanning. PMID- 7356760 TI - [75Se]selenomethionine uptake by the prancreas. PMID- 7356756 TI - Radiotracers for cerebral functional imaging--a new class. PMID- 7356759 TI - Scintigraphic findings in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. PMID- 7356761 TI - Rehabilitation of the crippled larynx: application of the Tucker technique for muscle-nerve reinnervation. AB - Interruption of laryngeal innervation may partially or totally impair respiration, deglutition and phonation--the three basic laryngeal functions. Tucker has developed a principle of muscle-nerve pedicle transfer for laryngeal reinnervation to relieve airway obstruction following bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. We have applied the principle of reinnervation proposed by Tucker to treat patients not only with airway obstruction, but also with aspiration and impaired phonation due to interruption of laryngeal innervation. There were 23 patients in this study. The functional defects included: voice alteration in 10 patients, airway obstruction in 8 and aspiration, as well as a voice change, in 5. The causes of injury were surgery in 9 patients, trauma in 5, tumor in 3, polio in 1 and a birth defect in 1 patient. No cause of nerve injury could be determined in 4 patients. The technique employed involved selective reinnervation of the laryngeal nerve branches to one or more laryngeal muscle groups; the muscle groups reinnervated were selected so as to overcome the functional defect of each particular patient. The patients have been followed for 6 mo. or longer. The results have been independently evaluated by a speech pathologist and documented by indirect and direct endoscopic observations, as well as by audio and audio-video recordings. In some cases, there was further documentation by cine-fluoro-audio tape recordings, laryngo-pharyngography, laryngeal tomography and pulmonary function studies. The muscle-pedicle transfer technique described by Tucker was found to be useful to correct laryngeal dysfunction in carefully selected cases. PMID- 7356762 TI - The fine surface structure and composition of salivary calculi. AB - Salivary calculi were formed by a laminated mixture of inorganic and organic substancs. However, there was no regular pattern for the growth of stones, as laminal thickness and the arrangement of the laminal component were not uniform. Finger-like radial projections, longitudinal pavements or amorphous structures were seen on the fractured surface of the calculi. No inert foreign body or microorganism was found in the calculi. There were two modes of formation in calculous nucleus, one developed by maturation of a primitive core, the other formed in homogenous mineral mass. X-ray microanalysis proved that most salivary calculi contained chemical elements such as calcium, phosphorous, potassium, sodium, magnesium, chlorine, sulfur, manganese, chromium and aluminum. As far as we have examined, these elements were distributed with almost equal density throughout the calculus. PMID- 7356763 TI - Correction of laryngectomy stomal stenosis. PMID- 7356764 TI - Isolated external otitis. PMID- 7356765 TI - Facelift - postoperative hematoma, prevention and management. PMID- 7356766 TI - Carcinoma of the lip. AB - Carcinoma of the lip is a common variety of head and neck malignancy frequently seen in the elderly Caucasian male. Three hundred and fifty consecutive cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the lip are anlayzed and the treatment methods and their results are presented. Surgical management is recommended for most patients because of the advantage of tumor margin assessment, avoidance of radiotherapy complications, and rapid rehabilitation. PMID- 7356767 TI - First branchial cleft anomalies. AB - A series of nine cases of first branchial cleft anomalies treated at Children's Hospital of Michigan from 1970-1978 is presented. A review of the literature and analysis of these cases reveals that the accepted criteria for classification of these anomalies are confusing and inadequate as they preclude the proper classification of a number of these cases. The embryogenesis of these anomalies is discussed with attention given to their relationship to the facial nerve. A proper classification is suggested. PMID- 7356768 TI - Medical genetics for the otorhinolaryngologist. AB - Genetic disorders involving the ear, nose and throat can be looked at in essentially the same way that one would view other genetic problems. It is important to differentiate genetic disorders from those due to environmental influences. This may be difficult on clinical grounds, since similar clinical features may be produced by different environmental factors or by different genes or groups of genes. When the cause of the disorder can be established, the risks involved in a family having further offspring usually can be determined reasonably readily. In the uncharacterized situations, empiric risk figures are employed. Abnormalities of genetic origin fall into one of three main groupings: chromosomal abnormalities, single gene mutations or polygenic inheritance. These situations are discussed and examples are given. PMID- 7356769 TI - The use of synthetic implant material in osteoplastic frontal sinusotomy. AB - The use of homologous fat in obliterating frontal sinus operations has proved to be a satisfactory technique. It does entail, however, a separate procedure to obtain the graft. Furthermore, the implanted fat has a tendency to shrink or absorb in varying degrees. Proplast has been used in a series of osteoplastic frontal sinus operations. The implant block is a highly porous preparation of Teflon fluorocarbon polymer and vitrous carbon fibers. It can be easily carved into desired shapes or it may be implanted in peices. The porosity of the substance permits in-growth of connective tissue. Eight obliterating frontal sinus procedures using the osteoplastic flap technique and implanting the synthetic material are reported. There have been no failures to date after 1 to 5 years follow-up. PMID- 7356770 TI - Inverting papillomas of the nose and paranasal sinuses. AB - Inverting papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses can sometimes be very difficult to distinguish from other nasal tumors, and the confusion ranges from allergic nasal polyposis to carcinoma. They are also certainly characterized by multiple recurrence, particularly after limited operations. The experience with 34 cases seen at UCLA over the past two decades is analyzed and a philosophy of treatment is outlined. We favor wide local excision which generally necessitates a lateral rhinotomy and medial maxillectomy. The operative approach will be described in detail. PMID- 7356771 TI - Vascular anomalies of the middle ear. AB - The patient presenting with a red mass behind the eardrum and a pulsating tinnitus may well have a vascular tumor. One must be ever mindful, however, that the mass may represent a congential vascular anomaly. The most common one seen is the uncovered jugular bulb in which the vessel extends superiorly into the middle ear to or above the incudostapedial joint. More rare is the uncovered and posteriorly displaced carotid artery. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the subject of vascular anomalies of the middle ear and temporal bone and to discuss the diagnosis and management of these lesions. Illustrative case reports with color photographs are presented as well. PMID- 7356773 TI - Disseminated histoplasmosis: clinical and pathologic correlations. PMID- 7356772 TI - Caustic ingestion: controversies in management. A review of 214 cases. AB - Two hundred fourteen patients admitted with a history of caustic ingestion are reviewed. Sixty-five had mucosal penetrating burns. Children five years of age and under accounted for 39% of admissions, but only 8% of burns requiring treatment. Adults accounted for 48% of admissions and 81% of burns requiring treatment. Complications associated with mucosal penetrating burns occurred in 31 patients; all but one were due to lye or acids. A three year prospective study evaluating methylprednisolone in the management of caustic burns is reported. This included 24 patients with mucosal penetrating burns due to lye or acids. The results of this study, and this review as a whole, indicate that methylprednisolone is beneficial in moderately severe burns due to lye, but is not indicated for severe burns from liquid lye, or for acid burns. PMID- 7356774 TI - Scleral buckling procedure for retinal detachments secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. AB - Ninety-two patients (99 eyes) underwent scleral buckling procedures for retinal detachment associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Fifty-three procedures were for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and 46 for tractional retinal detachment. The average follow-up period was 38 months. Anatomic success was assessed in terms of closure of retinal breaks (59/69, 86%), macular reattachment (42/90, 46%), and reduction in extent of retinal detachment postoperatively as compared to preoperatively (62/99, 63%). The visual acuity was better postoperatively in 33/99 (34%) of the eyes; 58/99 (58%) of the eyes maintained finger counting visual acuity. Improvement in visual acuity was more frequent in eyes with rhegmatogenous detachment (23/53, 43%) than in those with traction detachment (10/46, 22%). Although improvement is generally limited, some patients are markedly benefitted by scleral buckling procedures. PMID- 7356775 TI - Specular microscopy of iridocorneal endothelia syndrome. AB - Clinical specular microscopic examination of 17 patients with features common to the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (including Chandler's syndrome, iris nevus syndrome, and essential iris atrophy) showed pathognomonic endothelial changes and no areas of normal endothelial mosaic. Even in those patients with minimal anterior synechiae, gross central endothelial changes could be found, suggesting that the endothelial changes are primary and not secondary to the iris-corneal adhesions. Specular microscopy of the clinically uninvolved contralateral eye in these patients revealed frequent endothelial cell pleomorphism incommensurate with the patient's age. This study also confirmed the value of the specular microscope for qualitative endothelial observations. PMID- 7356776 TI - Optic nerve hypoplasia associated with absent septum pellucidum and hypopituitarism. AB - Five children had bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia, absent septum pellucidum, and hypopituitarism. Absence of the septum pellucidum was shown by computed axial tomography. All of the children were first-born. One of the children was definitely not mentally retarded and one at age 7 months was developing normally. All of the children had severe visual impairment and nystagmus. Pupillary responses varied. Ocular deviations included one with exotropia and three with esotropia. The extent of pituitary hormone deficiency varied. One child was symptomatic from birth, having severe hypoglycemia and seizures. Two children had prolonged neonatal jaundice. One unusual case had growth hormone deficiency with a normal growth curve. Another child with diabetes insipidus had dehydration and polyuria without polydipsia. PMID- 7356777 TI - Intravitreal autotransplantation of fibroblasts. AB - Tissue cultured skin fibroblasts autotransplanted into the vitreous cavity of rabbit eyes formed intravitreal strands that grew toward the medullary ray and optic nerve head and caused preretinal puckers and traction detachment. After four weeks, 32 of 51 eyes (63%) developed these changes. Light and electron microscopy revealed initial cell death. Remaining cells aligned themselves quickly into strands and began to multiply as shown by tritiated thymidine methyl incorporation. The appearance of cells that resemble myofibroblasts may explain the contractability of the strand. Because the effect of intraocular proliferation can be quantitated by the number of puckers and retinal detachments developing, this model may be useful for the study of therapeutic means to reduce intraocular proliferation. PMID- 7356778 TI - Limited superficial debridement to improve corneal clarity during closed vitrectomy. AB - We controlled the development of epithelial edema of the cornea during closed vitreoretinal surgery even when the technique required continuous use of a contact lens by gentle debridement of only the shaggy, edematous superficial layer of wing cells, using an olive-tip irrigator. This technique may avoid the necessity of completely removing the epithelium and the attendant postoperative complications. PMID- 7356780 TI - A makeshift retinoscopy rack. AB - A simple makeshift retinoscopy rack consists of various trial lenses placed into the slots of a nonfrosted, 35-mm slide viewing sheet. It is useful in determining the patient's refractive error at the bedside and in the operating room. PMID- 7356781 TI - Chloroquine retinopathy. PMID- 7356779 TI - Mycobacterium chelonei and orbital granuloma after tear duct probing. AB - A 75-year-old woman developed an orbital mass after lacrimal duct probing. Acid fast bacteria were observed on special stains and Mycobacterium chelonei, subspecies abscessus was isolated. The patient had been taking systemic corticosteroids. PMID- 7356783 TI - Keratoprosthesis. PMID- 7356782 TI - Retinal detachment in pseudophakia. PMID- 7356785 TI - Birdshot retinochoroidopathy. AB - Thirteen patients had a new syndrome and entity in intraocular inflammation called birdshot retinochoroidopathy, which was characterized by a white, painless eye with minimal anterior segment inflammation but particulate debris in the anterior and posterior vitreous. There was profuse retinal vascular leakage with resultant retinal, macular, and disk edema, which are the primary causes of the decreased vision in this syndrome. Long-term follow-up (mean of ten years) revealed that only two patients seemed to respond to anti-inflammatory therapy (systemic corticosteroids) and five patients progressed to 6/60 (20/200) or less visual acuity in at least one eye. PMID- 7356784 TI - Ichthyosis hystrix (epidermal nevus syndrome) and Coats' disease. AB - A 4-year-old girl had the ichthyosis hystrix variant of the epidermal nevus syndrome with ocular fundus manifestations of Coats' disease. Her hearing was impaired because of serous otitis media and her visual acuity decreased because of hard yellow exudate in the macula as a result of decompensation and plasma leakage from the peripheral retinal vascular anomalies. Treatment of the vascular malformations with cryotherapy resulted in a reabsorption of the retinal edema and hard yellow exudate. PMID- 7356786 TI - HLA antigens in recurrent stromal herpes simplex virus keratitis. AB - HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C antigens were typed on 48 patients with recurrent herpes stromal keratitis. The HLA-Aw30 antigen occurred three times more frequently in patients with herpes stromal keratitis than in those who lack the Aw30 antigen. When the data for the probability of the HLA-Aw30 were corrected for the number of variables studied, the corrected P value was not significant. A previous report of an increased frequency of HLA-B5 with recurrent herpes keratitis was not confirmed by our study. No significant associations with the HLA-C antigens were noted. HLA-DR antigen typing of 25 herpes stromal keratitis patients indicated that the HLA-DRw3 antigen appeared to have an increased frequency in herpes stromal keratitis. However, the small sample size studied precluded interpretation of the increased phenotypic frequency and the possible association of HLA-DRw3 and herpes stromal keratitis needs further study. PMID- 7356787 TI - A simple haploscopic method for quantitating color brightness comparison. AB - We developed a simple method for quantitating the color brightness comparison test. The testing procedure is quickly performed, uses common ophthalmic equipment, and permits an increased range of applications for the comparison test. PMID- 7356788 TI - Congenital absence of the lacrimal puncta associated with alacrima and aptyalism. AB - A 9-year-old girl had no lacrimal puncta, tearing (alacrima), or salivation (aptyalism). The lack of salivation caused florid dental caries. The same condition was found in the proband's father and paternal grandfather. Inheritance of this previously unreported trait appears to be autosomal dominant with variable expressivity. PMID- 7356789 TI - Trantas dots and limbal inflammation associated with soft contact lens wear. AB - A 30-year-old man developed vernal-like limbal changes associated with soft contact lens wear including Trantas dots, limbal nodules, and diffuse limbitis. These findings add to the contention that the conjunctival changes found in giant papillary conjunctivitis and vernal conjunctivitis share a common immunopathogenesis. PMID- 7356791 TI - Ocular inflammation associated with Yersinia infection. AB - We studied characteristics of ocular inflammation associated with Yersinia infection in 23 patients. After an acute onset with fever, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, 22 patients developed arthritis, 11 patients developed myalgia, 11 patients developed Reiter's syndrome, 17 patients developed acute anterior uveitis, and nine patients developed conjunctivitis. Sacroiliitis was found in 12 patients. The patients had high erythrocyte sedimentation rates, leukocytosis, and lack of antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor. All 17 patients tested had HLA-B27 antigen. The patients with acute anterior uveitis showed aqueous flare, cells, fine keratic precipitates, and often exudates, posterior synechiae, vitritis, and macular edema. Acute anterior uveitis was mostly unilateral and resolved during corticosteroids on the average during the first six weeks; recurrences were seen in about half of the cases. Conjunctivitis was generally mild with no chemosis, follicles, or keratitis; and it resolved in one week without treatment. Our results indicate that in HLA-B27 positive patients infective agents can trigger acute anterior uveitis or conjunctivitis, which often occur together with rheumatic diseases. PMID- 7356793 TI - Presidential address. Intraarticular replacement in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. PMID- 7356790 TI - Association of HLA-DRw2 antigen with presumed ocular histoplasmosis. AB - Patients with presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome were typed for HLA-A, B, C, and DR antigens. It was found that 21 (81%) of 26 of the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome patients with disciform macular scarring and 8 (62%) of 13 of the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome patients with peripheral atrophic spots typed for DRw2. The frequency of DRw2 in normal blood donors was 28%. The 77% (20 patients) frequency of B7 in 26 of the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome patients with disciform scarring was also significantly higher than the 25.6% frequency of B7 in normal blood donors. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in any HLA antigen frequency for patients with disciform scarring of degenerative choroidopathy. These observations suggest that an association with DRw2 may play a role in the pathogenesis of the eye lesions after Histoplasma capsulatum infection. PMID- 7356792 TI - Small unilateral foveal hemorrhages in young adults. AB - We studied nine cases of single, small, intraretinal foveal hemorrhages in one eye each of nine young adults during the last five years. The patients ranged in age from 18 to 47 years and were otherwise healthy. Four patients gave a history of strenuous exercise, most often weight lifting. The visual acuities ranged from 6/6 (20/20) to 6/60 (20/200) and most patients complained of a small central or paracentral scotoma. Fluorescein angiography did not show any retinal or choroidal vascular abnormalities and recovery of visual acuity was excellent in all patients available for follow-up examination during a period of two weeks to six months. PMID- 7356797 TI - Shoulder arthroscopy. Investigations with a fibreoptic instrument. AB - Ten patients with frozen shoulders and 13 other patients with derangements of the shoulder were examined by arthroscopy. The procedures were performed under anesthesia. A fibreoptic instrument was introduced posteriorly. All patients with frozen shoulders were relieved of their symptoms by the combined procedure of joint distention (with as much as 60 ml of saline) and arthroscopy, with or without manipulation of the shoulder. Three of the 13 cases of imprecisely diagnosed shoulder derangement are described in detail to illustrate refinements in the diagnosis which determined surgical repair in 2 cases and precise local treatment in the other one. All patients, whose shoulders were not manipulated, were discharged to their homes on the day of the procedures. A sling was worn for the first 24 hr and then the patient was placed on a regimen of supervised physical therapy. There was no significant morbidity in these patients. Additional refinements in arthroscopy for the shoulder and increasing expertise in using the techniques will firmly establish arthroscopy as a means for establishing precise diagnoses fro shoulder conditions. PMID- 7356794 TI - Nutrient pathways in transferred patellar tendon used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. AB - With the use of the hydrogen washout technique, nutrient pathways of a Jones-type anterior cruciate substitution in the dog were examined. There was no hydrogen uptake by the graft of patellar tendon left attached to the tibia but isolated from the synovium. However, when the graft was placed against synovium in the intercondylar notch, hydrogen uptake and washout were not significantly different than when the patellar tendon was completely intact (control). We conclude that, at least initially, direct blood flow does not contribute to nutrition and that synovial diffusion may play a significant role in the sustenance of the graft. PMID- 7356796 TI - Cyclic loading in knee ligament injuries. AB - The effect of cyclic loading on knee ligaments was studied both in vivo and in vitro. The compliance of the medial collateral ligaments of athletes participating in hockey, basketball, soccer, and downhill skiing was determined by using a specially built machine. Tests were conducted before and after participation in the various sports. Most subjects tested showed an increased compliance after their respective sporting activities. This observation was confirmed in the laboratory by imparting cyclic loading to 10 people under controlled conditions. The in vitro studies were conducted on the medial collateral ligaments of rats. These were tested to determine the effect of cyclic loading on the strength and stiffness of the ligaments. Results show a clear relationship between decreased stiffness or softening and a reduction in strength of the ligament. The amount of softening was related to the cyclic stress in the ligament. PMID- 7356795 TI - Limited arthrography in acute knee injuries. AB - Fifty consecutive limited arthrograms in acute knee injuries are reported with operative findings in 27 knees. The arthrograms were completely accurate regarding cruciate and medial collateral ligament integrity in 82% of all of the cases. Improvements in technique and recognition of superimposed anatomical structures led to fewer errors in interpretation as the series progressed. Limited arthrography is recommended as a useful office procedure in the early evaluation of knee ligament integrity in acute painful knee injuries. PMID- 7356799 TI - Acute fracture simulating a symptomatic bipartite patella. Report of a case. PMID- 7356798 TI - Tartan Turf on trial. A comparison of intercollegiate football injuries occurring on natural grass and Tartan Turf. AB - We retro- and prospectively compared collegiate football injuries that occurred on the grass and Tartan Turf (3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota) fields at the University of Wisconsin. Retrospective injury data were obtained from questionnaires returned by 235 of 450 athletes that competed from 1960 to 1973. Prospective injury data were obtained by examination of athletes injured from 1975 through 1977. Although the number of injuries occurring on each playing surface were not significantly different, the type and severity of injuries were significantly different. We found that significantly more serious sprains and torn ligaments occurred on grass than occurred on Tartan Turf. There were significantly more scrapes (minor injuries) on the Tartan Turf than on the grass. We conclude that we may be prematurely returning to natural grass playing surfaces, and--to the detriment of the athlete--ending production of one synthetic turf that helped reduce major injuries. PMID- 7356800 TI - Traction apophysitis of the olecranon. A case report. PMID- 7356801 TI - An unusual case of brachial plexus injury. PMID- 7356802 TI - Bradykinin, plasma protein fraction, and hypotension. AB - A directive from the Food and Drug Administration indicates that the use of plasma protein fraction (PPF) is contraindicated during cardiopulmonary bypass because of possible hypotension. Bradykinin has been implicated as the cause of this hypotension. Bradykinin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in PPF and in 5% albumin and were found to be consistently elevated in the former and occasionally in the latter. The addition of PPF to pump primes resulted in significantly elevated levels of bradykinin, which rapidly cleared, indicating that extrapulmonary sites of bradykinin inactivation were efficient. The potential hypotensive effect of PPF was observed by determining the change in mean perfusion pressure in two groups of patients: one group with a 3,000 ml crystalloid prime and the other with a prime of 2,000 ml of crystalloid and 1,000 ml of PPF. There was no significant difference in the perfusion pressure between the two groups at any point, and the hypotensive effects seen in both groups were readily treated, suggesting that the directive against the use of PPF during cardiopulmonary bypass may be unnecessarily restrictive. PMID- 7356803 TI - Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and peripheral vascular collapse following cardiopulmonary bypass: rare protamine reaction? AB - Four instances of severe anaphylactoid reaction occurring subsequent to cardiopulmonary bypass are described. These catastrophic reactions, from which 2 patients died, took place approximately an hour following administration of protamine and were characterized by marked peripheral vasodilatation, loss of capillary membrane integrity, and fulminant noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Primary cardiac depression was not evident. We hypothesize that protamine was the causative agent in these unusually severe reactions. Differential diagnosis from other causes of acute cardiorespiratory dysfunction depended on early assessment of pulmonary artery and left ventricular filling pressures, cardiac output, respiratory mechanics, and arterial blood gases. Therapy was difficult; success in 1 of the patients seemed to have been effected in part by prompt administration of high-dose corticosteroids and maintenance of peripheral vascular tone with an alpha-adrenergic agonist. PMID- 7356805 TI - Neomycin absorption following Clagett procedure for postpneumonectomy empyema. AB - Following a Clagett stage II procedure, significant amounts of neomycin are absorbed when concentrations of 0.25% neomycin (8.9 micrograms milliliter) are used. If higher concentrations are employed, the neomycin can achieve toxic levels (40 micrograms per milliliter), with associated renal toxicity and respiratory suppression. The peel of the empyema cavity does not prevent absorption of drugs. Therefore, when drugs are inserted into an empyema cavity, due care must be exerted to prevent drug toxicity. PMID- 7356804 TI - The use of levarterenol and phentolamine in patients with low cardiac output following open-heart surgery. AB - A study was made of the hemodynamic effects of levarterenol and phentolamine in patients in whom low cardiac output developed following open-heart operation. After the patients were weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass, the inotropic agents were infused into an external or internal jugular vein through an IVAC pump. Levarterenol was administered first until systolic arterial pressure rose 20 to 30% above the higest recorded preoperative pressure. After stabilization, phentolamine was administered, and infusion rates were adjusted so that arterial blood pressure was returned to levels measured before bypass. After infusion, all patients showed an increase in cardiac index, mean arterial pressure, mean stroke volume index, and left ventricular stroke work index. Mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and left atrial pressure decreased in all patients. This study demonstrates that hemodynamic improvement occurs in humans in low cardiac output state with simultaneous infusion of levarterenol and phentolamine. We recommend these agents for use in patients with low output, unless they continue to receive propranolol during and after operation. Patients on a regimen of propranolol should not be given levarterenol and phentolamine. PMID- 7356806 TI - Peripheral temperature monitoring during cardiopulmonary bypass operation. AB - Almost one-third of 24 adult patients undergoing hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for elective cardiac operation were found to have upper extremity skin and muscle temperatures of 30.0 degrees C or less at termination of CPB despite the return of nasopharyngeal temperature to normal values. Within 45 minutes, the mean nasopharyngeal temperature of these patients fell spontaneously from 37.1 degrees +/- 0.3 degrees C (+/- standard deviation) to 35.1 degrees +/- 0.4 degrees C, a significantly greater fall (p less than 0.005) than was observed for patients with extremity temperatures greater than 30.0 degrees C. Persistent hypothermia of the upper extremities correlated statistically with large body mass; it appears that these patients incur disproportionately large caloric debts during hypothermic CPB. Inadvertent hypothermia after CPB can be minimized if both core and extremity temperatures are utilized to provide an assessment of the adequacy of warming prior to return to spontaneous circulation. PMID- 7356807 TI - Extended evaluation of effects of anoxia on ventricular performance and compliance. AB - Eight dogs were prepared by implanting a left ventricular pressure transducer, aortic flow probe, and endocardial ultrasound crystals across the maximum transverse left ventricular diameter. In an unanesthetized state, the dogs were evaluated at rest and with acute volume loading, both before ischemic cardiac arrest and sequentially (2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours) after 20 minutes of arrest during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. At a left ventricular end diastolic diameter comparable to preoperative levels, left ventricular systolic pressure, heart rate, and rate of rise of left ventricular pressure were not changed, but at 2 to 6 hours there was a significant decrease in cardiac output (p less than 0.01), left ventricular stroke work (p less than 0.01), ejection fraction (p less than 0.05), maximum rate of systolic diameter shortening (p less than 0.05), and circumferential fiber shortening (p less than 0.05). They gradually returned to control levels by 24 hours postoperatively. Left ventricular compliance, as measured by left ventricular end-diastolic pressure at a set end-diastolic diameter and by left ventricular diastolic pressure/diameter, was reduced at 2 hours (p less than 0.01) and gradually returned to control values at 48 hours. Thus, reversible myocardial injury due to anoxia is associated with both decreased contractility and compliance, with resultant depressed left ventricular performance for 24 to 48 hours after injury. PMID- 7356808 TI - Cardiopulmonary dynamics during arteriovenous perfusion: cardiac output, pulmonary arterial resistance, and right venticular stroke work. AB - The effects of arteriovenous perfusion on myocardial performance, pulmonary circulatory dynamics, and organ preservation were studied in dogs in order to evaluate the applicability of arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for partial respiratory support. Studies were made on normally oxygenated dogs, on dogs made hypoxic by oxygen deprivation and ventilatory depression, and on dogs with pulmonary injury and moderate pulmonary hypertension induced by injection of oleic acid into the right ventricle. The latter two groups were included to assess the changes that occur in cardiopulmonary dynamics in the presence of hypoxia and pulmonary hypertension. A microchannel membrane oxygenator was employed to provide partial respiratory support to the group of animals with pulmonary injury. The results indicate that no deleterious hemodynamic changes occurred in any of the groups of animals with arteriovenous flow for periods of up to 5 hours at rates corresponding to 20 to 35% of the total cardiac output. Adequate systemic oxygenation was provided by the microchannel oxygenator at these rates of arteriovenous perfusion. PMID- 7356810 TI - Pacemaker implantation through the internal jugular vein. AB - During a twelve-year experience with 1,808 patients 90 underwent permanent transvenous implantation through the ligated internal jugular vein. Ninety-two implants were performed. In 2 of the patients both internal jugular veins were used without complication. Out of the ninety-two implants there were three complications; one permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and two episodes of severe thrombophlebitis, which receded with nonoperative therapy. The internal jugular vein is a useful and safe route for permanent pacemaker implant. PMID- 7356809 TI - Comparison of nonpulsatile and pulsatile extracorporeal circulation on renal cortical blood flow. AB - Radioactive microspheres were used to compare renal cortical blood flow with pulsatile and nonpulsatile extracorporeal perfusion in mongrel dogs. No difference was found in total renal cortical flow or in flow distribution using pulsatile compared with nonpulsatile perfusion when mean perfusion pressure was held constant at a high (80 mm Hg) or low (50 mm Hg) level. Although the present investigation does not resolve the question of whether pulsatile perfusion has advantages over nonpulsatile perfusion in maintaining renal function, the data indicate that any differences between the two techniques must be explained by a mechanism other than increased total cortical blood flow or by redistribution of cortical flow. PMID- 7356811 TI - Use of nitroprusside for control of pulmonary hypertension in repair of ventricular septal defect. AB - After repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD) in a 3-year-old child with markedly elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), sodium nitroprusside was administered by intravenous infusion at 3.0 microgram per kilogram of body weight per minute. Nitroprusside was effective in reducing pulmonary artery pressure and increasing systemic blood pressure in the intraoperative and early post-operative periods. It is suggested that nitroprusside may facilitate the perioperative management and enhance the early survival in patients with increased PVR secondary to a VSD. PMID- 7356812 TI - Rifampin in the management of early prosthetic staphylococcus epidermidis endocarditis. AB - Staphylococcus epidermidis endocarditis occurred four days following aortic valve replacement with a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis. Antimicrobial therapy, shown to be effective by in vitro and in vivo studies, failed to eradicate the infection. When rifampin was added to the existing antibiotic regimen, peak serum bactericidal activity increased, the patient defervesced, and blood cultures became negative. PMID- 7356813 TI - Intraoperative assessment of the mitral valve following reconstructive procedures. AB - A technique facilitating intraoperative assessment of the degree of mitral insufficiency during and after mitral reconstructive procedures has been developed. A multiholed left ventricular vent catheter is advanced across the aortic valve, thereby creating aortic insufficiency, filling the left ventricle with blood at aortic perfusion pressure, and approximating the leaflets of the mitral valve in the closed position. If present, mitral insufficiency can be estimated by the size of the regurgitant jet. In addition to assessing valve function following open mitral valvotomy, the method has also been helpful in managing leaks around the prosthetic valve, in assessing the closure of cleft mitral valve leaflets associated with ostium primum atrial septal defects, in confirming the completeness of closure, and in detecting obscure ventricular septal defects. PMID- 7356814 TI - Anatomical correction of transposition of the great arteries. AB - This method of true anatomical repair of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) avoids the transection and suture of the coronary arteries and does not require any tubes of foreign material. Because the transection goes through the infundibulum under the aortic annulus, the complete aortic root together with the coronary arteries and a muscular subvalvular rim can be sutured to the pulmonary annulus. The technical simplicity of this procedure allows its application in TGA with intact ventricular septum in the newborn when the left ventricular pressure is still high or after the left ventricle has been "prepared" by previous banding of the main pulmonary artery. PMID- 7356815 TI - Preparing an arterial patch graft. AB - Patch grafts frequently are used following endarterectomy for short-segment arterial disease. On occasion they are used to increase flow through stenotic areas where endarterectomy might be counterproductive. The following article delineates a fairly efficient way of preparing patch grafts in a reproducible manner. The technique involved in preparing, inserting, and suturing the patch graft is described. PMID- 7356816 TI - Atrioventricular sequential pacemakers: indications, complications, and long-term follow-up. AB - Our experience with 32 patients with atrioventricular (AV) sequential pacemakers and an average follow-up of 22 months is presented. The pertinent literature and physiology are reviewed. The indications, advantages, and complications of AV sequential pacemakers are analyzed. Half of the patients required bifocal pacing for control of arrhythmia alone, while half required control of arrhythmia associated with congestive heart failure due primarily to a noncompliant left ventricle. It is anticipated that the hemodynamic improvement occurring as a results of AV sequential pacing will increase the use of this mode of cardiac pacing in selected patients. PMID- 7356817 TI - Future focus of rehabilitation medicine. PMID- 7356818 TI - Spinal cord responses to peripheral nerve stimulation in man. AB - Summated spinal evoked responses were recorded with surface electrodes in 11 normal subjects. Bipolar recordings were obtained from electrode pairs at the L4 L2 spinous process level and T12-T10 spinous process level via peroneal nerve stimulation at the popliteal fossa. Responses were recorded with a TECA-4 electromyograph machine interfaced with a Nicolet 1070 series signal averager. The stimulus rate was controlled by a gated circuit that avoids simultaneous recording of the volume conducted electrocardiogram signal. Bilateral recordings were obtained to compare symmetries of the evoked responses, and H-reflexes were performed with simultaneous recording of the spinal evoked responses. The spinal responses were analyzed with respect to latency, duration, amplitude, waveform and conduction velocity. Symmetries of the bilateral responses were demonstrated by the student's t statistic and the correlation coefficient. When the peroneal nerve was stimulated at the lateral border of the popliteal fossa and the response recorded at the L4-L2 spinous process levels, the mean and standard deviation of the latency and conduction velocity of the fastest afferent fibers were 9.09 +/- 0.75 msec and 67.8 +/- 4.70 m/sec, respectively. The corresponding values at the T12-T10 spinous process level were 9.83 +/- 0.74 msec and 70.64 +/- 4.95 m/sec respectively. PMID- 7356819 TI - Cerebral disconnection associated with anterior communicating artery aneurysm: implications for evaluation of symptoms. AB - The anterior communicating artery of a 34-year-old man was clipped to prevent a 2nd aneurysm bleed. Forty-five days later he was admitted to a rehabilitation program. On routine clinical examination, the patient demonstrated memory loss, disorientation, perceptual problems, decreased initiative, and inconsistent muscle control of the left limbs. Only during subsequent intensive testing did he demonstrate left-right conflict and asymmetric left-right performance consistent with a pattern of partial cerebral disconnection. Review of additional results, obtained during testing 8 months after onset, revealed reduction but not elimination of symptoms. The need to require bilateral response during evaluation of patients with potential asymmetric left-right performance is postulated. PMID- 7356820 TI - Blink reflex: review of methodology and its application to patients with stroke syndromes. AB - The blink reflex may be elicited in the orbicularis oculi following electrical stimulus to the periorbital regions. It consists of a direct early component (R1) and a late component (R2) which is both direct and consensual. The amplitudes of R1 and R2 are reduced and the latencies normal in patients with lesions affecting the parietal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere. The blink reflex may well include tactile contributions from the parietal lobe. The latency of R1 may be prolonged by injuries of the pons and that of R2 by lateral medullary lesions. Blink reflexes may help to distinguish bulbar from pseudobulbar lesions and to estimate the response to therapy in patients with communication disorders. PMID- 7356821 TI - Language recovery in aphasia: effect of systematic filmed programmed instruction. AB - This project investigated the effect of systematic filmed programmed instruction on language recovery of aphasic subjects with markedly disturbed communication skills. Fourteen male veterans between 32 and 69 years of age who had suffered cerebrovascular accidents were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group of 7 patients each. All subjects had completed elementary school; the majority had attended high school and several had attended college. Each subject was receiving and continued to receive speech therapy. In addition, the experimental subjects received supplementary filmed programmed instruction while the control group viewed slides, attended bibliotherapy and engaged in other nonprogrammed, activity. Each subject submitted to pretests, midtests, posttests of reading recognition and comprehension, figure background, visual learning, visual closure, and vocabulary. Study of the results and statistical analysis of the data did not show significant improvement either due to speech therapy or filmed programmed instruction for these subjects. The results of this project cannot be generalized because of limitations of number, subject categories, widespread time since onset, and for the experimental group, the filmed material utilized. PMID- 7356822 TI - Motor nerve conduction indicators in uremic neuropathy. AB - Eighty-four patients with primary end stage renal disease (ESRD) of varying duration and severity were investigated by a single determination of facial nerve latency and determination of motor nerve conduction velocities of the peroneal, median, and ulnar nerves. Electrophysiologic evidence of motor neuropathy was found in 72 patients. In the facial nerve, conduction was abnormal in 82% of the patients; in the peroneal nerve it was abnormal in 68%; in the median nerve it was abnormal in 36%; and in the ulnar nerve it was abnormal in 22%. The facial nerve was the most sensitive indicator of uremic neuropathy of the 4 motor nerves studied. Information obtained from monitoring the facial nerve in patients with chronic renal failure will add significantly to the data used to identify uremic neuropathy. Combined studies of the facial, peroneal, and median nerves should identify most patients with uremic neuropathy. PMID- 7356823 TI - Driving control and equipment for a quadruple amputee patient. PMID- 7356825 TI - Rehabilitation medicine: affirmations and actions. PMID- 7356824 TI - Walker grip modification. PMID- 7356827 TI - The declining role of the surgeon in the treatment of acid-peptic diseases. PMID- 7356826 TI - Obligations of the amputation surgeon. PMID- 7356828 TI - Clinical characteristics distinguishing hereditary from sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma. Treatment implications. AB - Distinctive differences between the hereditary and sporadic varieties of medullary thyroid carcinoma include the uniform bilaterality, consistent association of C cell hyperplasia, and the frequent association with other endocrine lesions as characteristics of the hereditary type. Total thyroidectomy is required for hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma. Lateral cervical lymph node dissections do not appear necessary for the hereditary type when not palpable, detected only by family screening, and when biopsy of midjugular lymph nodes shows no evidence of metastasis. For palpable medullary thyroid carcinoma, the eradication of all cervical locations is unlikely to result in normal or undetectable levels of serum calcitonin postoperatively, even though such appears more likely for the sporadic variety. PMID- 7356829 TI - Acute cholecystitis. Comparison of ultrasound and intravenous cholangiography. AB - The clinical diagnosis of acute cholecystitis may sometimes be difficult. We compared the accuracy of abdominal ultrasound and intravenous cholangiography in patients with acute cholecystitis. Forty patients with histories and physical findings of acute cholecystitis had intravenous cholangiography and gray-scale abdominal ultrasonography soon after admission. Thirty-four of the 40 patients had surgically and pathologically proved acute cholecystitis. Thirty-one of the 34 patients had positive ultrasound findings. The intravenous cholangiographic findings were present in 27 of the 34 patients with acute cholecystitis. We describe the sonographic findings of acute cholecystitis. Ultrasound of the abdomen is recommended as the initial screening procedure in patients suspected of having acute cholecystitis. PMID- 7356830 TI - Hemobilia after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. AB - Hemobilia after the inception of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) has been reported as an uncommon, but sometimes fatal, complication. We examined the incidence, pathogenesis, and management of hemobilia in 94 patients who received PTBD. There were seven cases (7.4%) with transient and six (6.4%) with severe hemobilia; one patient (1.1%) of the latter group died. There was no correlation between hemobilia and hemostatic or hepatic insufficiency. Angiography during PTBD was performed in 47 patients, and abnormalities restricted to arterial changes were noted in nine (19.1%). All but one patient with hemobilia showed angiographic abnormalities. Our findings indicate that hemobilia occurs more often than has been suspected and that it is usually due to intrahepatic vessel injury rather than to hemorrhagic diathesis or hepatic insufficiency. The primary management of hemobilia consists of maintaining continuous patency of the drainage catheter. PMID- 7356833 TI - Carotid stenosis plus occlusion: endarterectomy or bypass? AB - In 15 patients with unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion and contralateral internal carotid artery stenosis of pressure significance (75% cross-sectional area or greater), the ocular pneumoplethysmograph (OPG-Gee) has documented bilateral improvement in the ophthalmic systolic pressure in 12/15 patients who underwent endarterectomy of the stenosed carotid artery as the sole operative procedure. External carotid to internal carotid shunt on the side of the internal carotid occlusion need be entertained only in those patients who remain symptomatic on the side of the internal carotid occlusion after contralateral stenosis endarterectomy. PMID- 7356831 TI - Morbid implications of above-knee amputations. Report of a series and review of the literature. AB - In a retrospective review of 100 consecutive patients requiring above-knee amputation for arterial occlusive disease, the operative mortality was 15%. An additional 26% mortality occurred during a two-year follow-up period. Principal causes of death were sepsis in 54%, heart disease in 16%, and stroke in 11%. The poor prognosis of patients requiring amputation was related to progression of systemic diseases and to generalized debility among these patients. PMID- 7356832 TI - Revascularization for severe limb ischemia. AB - Patients with rest pain or tissue necrosis (generally correlated with a tibial brachial pressure index of less than 0.25) have a high probability of limb loss unless revascularization is done. These problems are usually associated with extensive and multiple segments of anatomical occlusive disease. A review of 359 patients with such problems indicates that revascularization was done in 86%, with initial success in 92% of patients. The durability of successful limb preservation proved good, with 90% of patients having a comfortable, useful limb to time of death or for one year or longer after operation. Cumulative patency rates were 90% at five years for aortofemoral reconstructions, 70% at five years for femoropopliteal bypasses, and 49% at five years for femorotibial grafts. Cumulative limb salvage rates were 93%, 81%, and 67% at five years in the same categories, respectively. PMID- 7356834 TI - Diagnostic accuracy of ocular pneumoplethysmography attachment for pulse volume recorder. AB - The ocular pneumoplethysmography (OPG) attachment for the Life Sciences Pulse Volume Recorder (OPG-LS) is a widely distributed instrument, but no results have been published on its accuracy in diagnosing carotid artery lesions. One hundred twelve patients were studied with the OPG-LS using lateralizing criteria and a curve of ophthalmic artery systolic pressure (OAP) to brachial systolic pressure (BP) for normal carotid arteries, which served as a discriminant between normal and stenotic vessels. Two hundred nineteen carotid arteries were visualized on arteriography and percentage of diameter stenosis was measured. Lateralizing criteria by themselves gave poor diagnostic accuracy, but when combined with OAP BP data, positive diagnosis was made for lesions having greater than 60% diameter stenosis in 89.6% of patients and 80.8% of arteries. False-positive results for 0% to 30% diameter stenotic lesions occurred in 11.1% of arteries and in 13.6% of patients. PMID- 7356835 TI - Acquired double pylorus due to gastroduodenal fistula complicating peptic ulceration. AB - Fistulous communication between the gastric antrum and the duodenal bulb had the roentgenographic appearance of a double-channel pylorus in five adult patents. A penetrating peptic ulcer was the underlying cause in each instance. Following conservative management, the fistula in two cases closed spontaneously and in two other cases became asymptomatic despite persistence of the accessory channel. The remaining patient underwent subtotal gastrectomy because of hemorrhage from nonhealing antral ulcer. PMID- 7356836 TI - Chronic granulomatous disease in an adult with recurrent abscesses. AB - Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), produced by an inherited defect in the bactericidal capacity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, is associated with recurrent abscess formation in regional lymph nodes, pulmonary parenchyma, and liver requiring surgical drainage. It is now becoming increasingly recognized that this is not a uniformly fatal disease of childhood. Instead, patients with milder forms of the disease are being detected during adulthood. General surgeons should be aware of the possibility of this diagnosis in a patient with recurrent pyogenic abscesses requiring drainage. Making the diagnosis of CGD is important because with chronic prophylactic antibiotic therapy and early aggressive treatment of recognized infections, the morbidity and mortality of patients can be favorably influenced. We describe a 27-year-old man with recurrent liver abscesses who was subsequently found to have CGD. PMID- 7356837 TI - Restoring patency of occluded central venous catheters. AB - Thrombotic occlusion remains a major cause of central venous catheter removal prior to completion of therapy. Injection of a dilute solution of a potent fibrinolytic agent, urokinase or streptokinase, into the occluded Silastic central venous catheter consistently reestablishes its patency. This procedure was performed on 352 occluded silicone elastomer central venous catheters with only one failure and one minor complication. We recommend this technique for restoring patency of occluded silicone elastomer central venous catheters. PMID- 7356839 TI - Hemodynamics for the vascular surgeon. AB - Basic principles of fluid dynamics and material properties underlie many facets of the diagnosis, treatment, and natural history of vascular disease. I review the concepts of total fluid energy and both viscous and inertial energy losses with reference to arterial occlusive disease. I contrast the vascular wall properties of arteries and veins and discuss the relevance of mechanical principles to arterial aneurysm. I review the pathophysiologic features of small and large arteriovenous fistula. Finally, I discuss the altered dynamics associated with venous obstruction and valvular insufficiency in light of recent noninvasive diagnostic techniques that provide simple rapid assessment of venous pathophysiologic features. PMID- 7356841 TI - Another cause for incomplete lung reexpansion. PMID- 7356838 TI - Protecting the high-risk rectal anastomosis. AB - Anastomotic leakage is a serious complication of colonic surgery, and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. A new technique has been developed to reduce the danger from such leaks, which involves exteriorizing a loop of transverse colon without opeining it. Should a leak develop, this loop can be transformed into a colostomy; otherwise, it can be easily remimplanted into the abdomen once the bowel is healed. PMID- 7356840 TI - The value of no-touch isolation technique for resection of cancer. The eye as a model. AB - The role of the no-touch technique was examined using retinoblastoma and primary choroidal malignant melanoma of the eye as a model. Choroidal invasion, tumor friability, and tumor vascularity are important factors that render these two tumors susceptible to metastasis secondary to intraorgan pressure increases. Animal studies on no-touch enucleation procedures show that increased intraocular pressure during enucleation decreases survival rates considerably providing the tumor has invaded the choroid but has not yet metastasized. This "critical stage" correlates well with earlier data on the no-touch technique studied in noneye models. In humans, standard enucleations create intraocular pressures measured up to 500 mm Hg. The no-touch technique is applicable to the therapy of retinoblastoma and primary choroidal malignant melanomas, but long-term clinical studies are needed to establish the true benefit. PMID- 7356842 TI - Improved cannula instrument for operative cholangiography. PMID- 7356843 TI - Leprosy in a Vietnamese adoptee. PMID- 7356844 TI - Appraising psychotherapy. PMID- 7356846 TI - [Early diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. Diagnostic security of occult blood in mass screening]. PMID- 7356845 TI - Suppression of synthesis and esterification of cholesterol and stimulation of low density lipoprotein receptor activity by polyoxyethylated cholesterol in cultured human fibroblasts. AB - In cultured skin fibroblasts from normal and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemic subjects, a water-soluble polyoxyethylated derivative of cholesterol suppresses the incorporation of [2-14C]acetate into cholesterol and decreases the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis. The effect of this compound on low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-mediated activities (binding, internalization, and degradation of LDL) and on cholesterol ester formation was compared to that of LDL and 25-hydroxycholesterol. In normal fibroblasts preincubated in lipoprotein-deficient serum, LDL or 25-hydroxycholesterol decreased cholesterol synthesis and LDL receptor activity and increased cholesterol ester formation. In contrast, polyoxyethylated cholesterol stimulated LDL receptor activity, inhibited cholesterol ester formation mediated by LDL and 25-hydroxycholesterol, and inhibited the activity of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase in cell extracts. Polyoxyethylated cholesterol had no effect on the low level of LDL receptor activity of homozygous hypercholesterolemic fibroblasts but stimulated the half-normal activity of heterozygous cells. PMID- 7356847 TI - Excessive handling as a cause of hypoxemia. AB - Continuous transcutaneous oxygen (TcPo2) monitoring was used to study low-birth weight infants (15 control, 15 experimental) during their stay in the intensive care nursery (ICN). Twenty hours of continuous recordings were made of heart rate, respiratory rate, and TcPo2 in the first five days after birth. Personnel caring for the control infants were blind to the TcPo2 measurements. Those caring for the experimental group were instructed in the operation of the TcPo2 monitor and used the device to modify the timing and extent of procedures to minimize "undersirable time" (TcPo2 less than 40 or greater than 100 torr). Control group infants had an average of 40 min/20 hr in "undesirable time." When personnel used TcPo2 monitoring to modify care this "undesirable time" was reduced to 6 min/20 hr. This difference was statistically significant (P less than .001). Infants in the control group were handled more frequently, and experienced more hypoxemia. Of the hypoxemic time suffered by the control infants 75% was associated with handling. Only 5% of the hypoxemia or hyperoxemia was detected by blood Pao2 analysis or conventional monitors. Intermittent arterial blood gas sampling is an inadequate method for monitoring arterial oxygenation in low-birth-weight infants since hypoxemia and hyperoxemia are often missed. Continuous TcPo2 monitoring improves care by diminishing "undesirable time." PMID- 7356848 TI - TCDD in coal fly ash. PMID- 7356849 TI - Serum testosterone depression associated with hypoxia in respiratory failure. AB - 1. We have measured serum testosterone and arterial blood gas values in men with chronic obstructive airways disease. 2. Depression of serum testosterone concentrations was found. 3. The degree of testosterone depression was related to the severity of arterial hypoxia. PMID- 7356850 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in relation to the intracranial pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356851 TI - [Compliance of the brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356852 TI - [The developmental mechanism of occipital-vertebral anastomosis (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases of the occipital-vertebral anastomosis, demonstrated on vertebral arteriogram, were reported; three on the left side and one on the right side. The occlusion in the vertebral artery at the posterior end of the horizontal segment or the more distal segment of the vertebral artery was found in two cases and no occlusion involving the carotid and vertebral arteries was present in the remaining two cases. The direct type of the occipital-vertebral anastomosis was found in all of the four cases in the atlanto-occipital space. The developmental mechanism of the anastomosis was explained based upon the author's hypothesis on the embryonic development of the occipital artery. PMID- 7356853 TI - [Cortical potentials time-locked to EKG-R waves during wakefulness and slow wave sleep (stage 2) in the mankind (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this paper was to investigate whether cardiovascular afferent impulses could be recorded on a human scalp as computer-averaged cortical potentials time-locked to EKG-R waves. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Cortical potentials time-locked to EKG-R waves (EKG-EP) could be recorded on scalps of eleven healthy volunteers and within its pattern, triple negative large peaks could be seen during both wakefulness and slow wave sleep (stage 2). 2) Within triple negative large peaks, the 2nd negative peak were most stable and its averaged latencies were 224.1 +/- 32.4 msec. during wakefulness and 257.1 +/- 76.7 msec. during slow wave sleep (stage 2) and the 3rd negative peak had been found more frequently in the slow wave sleep than in the wakefulness. 3) EKG-EPs were analogous with those of auditory evoked potentials time-locked to EKG-R waves (EKG-AEP) if both were recorded in the same concious level. 4) Both latencies of the 2nd negative peak of the EKG-EPs and that of the largest negative peak of the EKG-AEPs were consistent each other with high ratio resulting r = 0.81 (P less than 0.01) in the wakefulness and r = 0.966 (P less than 0.001) in the slow wave sleep (stage 2) respectively. PMID- 7356854 TI - [Hemispheric asymmetries in preterm infants: autoregressive spectral analysis of visual and auditory evoked potentials (author's transl)]. PMID- 7356855 TI - Effect of intravenous propranolol on QT interval. A new method of assessment. AB - Changes in the QT and QTc intervals were studied in 16 patients by atrial pacing at rates of 100, 130, and 150 beats/minute. In all patients the measured QT shortened when the atrial paced rate was increased, but when corrected for heart rate the QTc lengthened. Intravenously administered propranolol produced a bradycardia and a lengthening of the QT interval in 15 of the 16 patients studied. When the QT interval was corrected for heart rate using Bazett's formula the QTc was shortened in 13 patients, unchanged in one, and lengthened in two. However, when the QT interval was measured at identical atrial paced rates the QT of the 15 patients studied was lengthened in 10 and unchanged in five. In none was the QT interval shortened. These results show firstly that Bazett's formula is unsuitable for correction of QT interval changes induced by atrial pacing, and secondly that, though intravenously administered propranolol usally produces a shortening of the QTc, when its effect is assessed directly by using an identical atrial paced rate the QT interval usually lengthens, or may remain unchanged, but never shortens. It is suggested that the formal assessment of drug induced QT interval changes should be made at identical atrial paced rates. PMID- 7356856 TI - Complications of pulmonary vein angiography. PMID- 7356858 TI - Cardiac rhythm and conduction before and after Mustard's operation for complete transposition of the great arteries. PMID- 7356857 TI - Study of cardiac rhythm in healthy newborn infants. AB - Twenty-four-hour electrocardiograms were recorded in the first 10 days of life on 134 healthy full-term infants with birthweights greater than 2.5 kg. The highest heart rate a minute, measured over nine beats, was 175 +/- 19 (SD). The lowest rates, measured over three, five, and nine beats were 82 +/- 12, 87 +/- 12, and 93 +/- 12, respectively. At their lowest rates 109 infants had sinus bradycardia and 25 had junctional escape rhythms. Thirty-three infants showed changes in P wave configuration with or without pronounced variation in PR interval. Atrial premature beats were present in 19 infants but only one had more than 12 per hour. In a randomly selected subgroup of 71 infants sinus pauses were found in 51 (72%). Five (7%) had electrocardiographic patterns and rhythm disturbances that could not be differentiated from those previously described as complete sinuatrial exit block or sinus arrest, eight (11%) had patterns indistinguishable from 2:1 sinuatrial block, and 23 (32%) had pattern indistinguishable from sinuatrial Wenckebach block. This study shows that normal infants have variations in heart rate and rhythm hitherto considered to be abnormal. PMID- 7356859 TI - Echocardiographic criteria for Ebstein's anomaly of tricuspid valve. PMID- 7356860 TI - Value of M-mode echocardiography for non-invasive diagnosis of Ebstein's anomaly. AB - M-mode echocardiographic studies were performed in 11 patients, most of them adults, with Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve, proven by cardiac catheterisation. Simultaneous recordings of the tricuspid and mitral valves were obtained in all cases, the transducer position being outside the left midclavicular line in seven patients. Tricuspid valve closure followed mitral valve closure in all cases, with an interval ranging between 0.04 and 0.14 s. Since, in more than 8500 routine echocardiographic studies a valve closure interval between 0.09 and 0.12 s was seen in only one patient without Ebstein's anomaly, an interval of 0.065 s or more should be regarded as diagnostic of Ebstein's disease; however, an interval shorter than 0.065 s does not exclude this diagnosis. In all patients a paradoxical septal movement was found. Two patients showed an atypical three-peaked diastolic pattern of movement of the anterior tricuspid leaflet and one patient also showed mitral valve prolapse. Pathological tricuspid valve closure delay, shown by echocardiography, makes it possible to diagnose Ebstein's anomaly in many cases without resort to cardiac catheterisation which has a relatively high risk in this disease. PMID- 7356861 TI - Echocardiography and rupture of the heart. AB - In four patients with rupture of the free wall of the left ventricle, the diagnosis was made at the bedside using a portable cross-sectional echocardiograph; this was confirmed at necropsy in two patients and by paracentesis in the other two. Weak ventricular contractions were seen after each QRS complex of the electrocardiogram, contradicting a widespread belief that cardiac rupture immediately produces electromechanical dissociation. In one patient aspiration of 100 ml blood from the pericardium allowed resumption of cardiac pump function; this patient survived for three days but was allowed to die because of cerebral damage sustained during resuscitation. PMID- 7356862 TI - Functional significance of coronary collateral circulation during dynamic exercise evaluated by thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy. AB - Sixty-five patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease were investigated by thallium-201 (201Tl) scintigraphy to determine the role of the collateral circulation during dynamic exercise. Fifty-three patients had complete proximal occlusion of at least one major coronary artery. One patient had total occlusion of all three major coronary arteries. Sixty-four collateral channels were identified, graded, and compared with corresponding regions of the myocardial scintigram. Tracer uptake was also graded and classified as various degrees of protection from ischaemia. A significant correlation between good collaterals with complete protection and poor or absent collaterals with no protection was noted. Seventeen patients (20 occluded vessels) had total coronary occlusion without myocardial infarction. Collaterals conferred protection in 9/15 occlusions whereas no protection was seen in five occlusions without collaterals. There was no difference in the protective role of homocoronary and heterocoronary collateral vessels. Hypertrophy of the first septal left anterior descending perforator conferred significant protection from ischaemia in contrast to bridging collaterals and ghosting. During exercise the right coronary bed is preferentially protected from ischaemia, in contrast to the left anterior descending territory. This probably reflects the direction of a transmural flow gradient between left and right ventricles during exercise. PMID- 7356863 TI - Innocent murmurs and third heart sounds in Black schoolchildren. AB - Normal auscultatory findings were studied during a heart survey in which 12 050 Black schoolchildren, aged 2 to 18 years, were examined by cardiologists. Physiological third heart sounds were detected in 96 per cent of children, innocent systolic murmurs in 72 per cent, and innocent mid-diastolic murmurs in 0.27 per cent. The term 'innocent systolic murmur" was used for vibratory systolic murmurs (70%) and pulmonary ejection systolic murmurs (4.2%) but distinct separation of these two murmurs was often difficult. Vibratory systolic murmurs were present throughout the age range. Important features in differentiating innocent systolic murmurs from those caused by mild organic heart disease included the intonation, site of maximal intensity, timing in systole, and behaviour with postural change. Innocent mid-diastolic murmurs are short murmurs occurring immediately after the third heart sound in children, with no supportive evidence of organic heart disease. PMID- 7356864 TI - 'Dual atrioventricular nodal pathways" in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - 'Dual atrioventricular nodal pathways" were found in five patients who also had the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. All five patients had a re-entrant tachycardia that used the atrioventricular node for conduction in the anterograde direction and an accessory atrioventricular pathway for conduction in the retrograde direction. One of the patients also had a re-entrant tachycardia that originated within the atrium or the atrioventricular node. Dual atrioventricular nodal pathways were identified in three of the five patients during their first electrophysiological study because the effective refractory period of the accessory atrioventricular pathway in the anterograde direction was longer than the effective refractory period of the fast atrioventricular nodal pathway. In the other two patients the dual atrioventricular nodal pathways were found only after operative division of an accessory atrioventricular pathway. Re-entrant tachycardia that uses an accessory pathway may be cured by operative division of the accessory pathway. Tachycardia resulting from re-entry within the atrioventricular node cannot be cured by an operation unless the normal conduction system is divided and a permanent pacemaker implanted. These five patients indicate the importance of determining the aetiology of tachycardia by studying the tachycardia itself and not only the type of atrioventricular conduction present. PMID- 7356865 TI - Long-term antihypertensive drug treatment and blood pressure control in three hospital hypertension clinics. AB - Prescribing patterns and blood pressure control have been studied in 1101 patients treated at three specialist hypertension clinics in Britain. Seventy four per cent of the patients were already receiving treatment at the time they were referred by their general practitioners. Though the initial improvement in blood pressure control was satisfactory, there was often some deterioration of control over the long term. The pressure exceeded 140/90 mmHg in the majority of patients followed for a year or more. During 1971-5 diuretics remained first preference, with increasing use of beta-blockers and a distinct decline in the use of sympathetic neurone blockers both by hospital staff and referring practitioners. Multiple drug treatment was common, nearly half the patients requiring more than one antihypertensive drug. In newly treated patients the frequency of cessation of a particular class of drug because of side effects or lack of efficacy ranged from 6 per cent with diuretics to 57 per cent with adrenergic neurone blocking drugs. Long-term blood pressure control still presents many problems, and the results contrast with the more optimistic interpretations sometimes placed on short-term clinical trials of antihypertensive effect. PMID- 7356866 TI - Ischaemic heart disease in young hypertensive women. AB - The association between hypertension and ischaemic heart disease was explored in a retrospective analysis of 50 severely hypertensive premenopausal women (presenting diatolic pressure greater than or equal to 120 mmHg) under 45 years of age who were seen over a seven-year period. Twenty-two per cent of these patients had angina pectoris, and 38 per cent had Minnesota code 4-1 or 5-1 changes on the resting electrocardiogram. The contribution of other risk factors, including smoking habits, was assessed: 72 per cent of the patients smoked; significantly less smoking was found among two groups of age-matched women with less severe hypertension [diastolic pressures of 90 to 104 mmHg (n=50) and 105 to 119 mmHg (n=50)]. In these latter groups, only one patient had angina pectoris and none had 4-1 or 5-1 changes on the electrocardiogram. PMID- 7356867 TI - Double diastolic murmur in mitral stenosis with atrial fibrillation and complete heart block. AB - A double diastolic murmur was heard in a patient with mitral stenosis, atrial fibrillation, and complete heart block. Echo-phonocardiographic examination showed two separate opening and closing movements of the mitral valve in the same long diastole. A clear time relation was observed between the valve closing movements and the separate diastolic murmurs, giving support to the theory that the backward motion of the mitral valve against the forward blood flow through the valve is responsible for the production of these murmurs. PMID- 7356868 TI - Anatomical correction of transposition of great arteries with persistent ductus arteriosus. One year after operation. AB - The postoperative data are described of a boy who had a 'switch' operation for transposition of the great arteries with persistent ductus arteriosus more than a year before. The child is living a normal active life. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, and angiocardiography show persistent abnormality of structure and function of the right ventricle but no evidence of reduced coronary blood flow, coarctation at the suture lines of the great arteries, or aortic regurgitation. Reference is made to an identical case operated upon 2 1/2 years ago. PMID- 7356869 TI - The effect of an acute infusion of vincamine and ethyl apovincaminate on cerebral blood flow in healthy volunteers. PMID- 7356870 TI - Stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analogues and human gastric mucosal adenylate cyclase. PMID- 7356871 TI - Unaltered diazepam plasma binding using indwelling heparinized cannulae for sampling. PMID- 7356872 TI - The kinetics and concentration-effect relationships of circulating adrenaline in man [proceedings]. PMID- 7356873 TI - Pharmacokinetics of methyldopa in gastrointestinal disease [proceedings]. PMID- 7356874 TI - Diuretic-induced hypokalaemia and the electrocardiogram [proceedings]. PMID- 7356875 TI - Bioavailability of standard and sugar-coated hydrallazine formulations in fast and slow acetylators [proceedings]. PMID- 7356876 TI - Polymorphic hydroxylation of debrisoquine in Nigerians [proceedings]. PMID- 7356877 TI - 4-Hydroxylation of debrisoquine in psoriasis [proceedings]. PMID- 7356878 TI - Inter-individual differences in the glycine conjugation of salicylic acid [proceedings]. PMID- 7356879 TI - The effect of fludrocortisone on urinary dopamine in man [proceedings]. PMID- 7356881 TI - The effect of small and moderate doses of (+)-amphetamine on hunger, arousal and mood rating in man [proceedings]. PMID- 7356880 TI - Interaction between phenytoin and dichloralphenazone [proceedings]. PMID- 7356886 TI - The effect of topical flurbiprofen on human skin inflammation [proceedings]. PMID- 7356883 TI - A comparison of the physico-chemical properties and potency of pethidine and phenoperidine [proceedings]. PMID- 7356885 TI - Phenytoin prescribing-deviation from the ideal [proceedings]. PMID- 7356882 TI - The kinetics of propranolol in hypothyroidism [proceedings]. PMID- 7356884 TI - Comparison of the peripheral anticholinergic activities of desipramine and amitriptyline in healthy volunteers [proceedings]. PMID- 7356887 TI - Psychological and psychomotor effects of cimetidine in healthy students [proceedings]. PMID- 7356888 TI - Antipyrine elimination by patients under treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. AB - 1 Antipyrine elimination kinetics have been determined in fifteen patients before and after 4 weeks treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors and in five patients after treatment only. 2 Antipyrine elimination was slightly but significantly slowed by 28 days treatment with phenelzine but the degree of slowing was uninfluenced by acetylator phenotype or dosage of phenelzine administered. 3 The findings suggest that at the dosage used phenelzine is a weak inhibitor of hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase in man and it is concluded that this is likely to provide an important source of drug interaction in some patients. PMID- 7356889 TI - Plasma noradrenaline concentration in essential hypertension during long-term beta-adrenoceptor blockade with oxprenolol. AB - 1. Chronic beta-adrenoceptor blockade with oxprenolol causes elevation of plasma noradrenaline levels, as compared with placebo, despite a significant fall in blood pressure and pulse rate. 2. The plasma noradrenaline concentration is not influenced by the frequency of administration or the formulation of the drug. 3. Plasma noradrenaline levels are not correlated with the plasma concentration of the drug. 4. The changes in plasma noradrenaline concentrations support a peripheral rather than central mechanism of action of beta-adrenoceptor blockers in man. PMID- 7356890 TI - Methods in the assessment of the control of breathing. PMID- 7356891 TI - Comparison of the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of conventional propranolol and a long acting preparation of propranolol. PMID- 7356892 TI - Metabolism of salicylate during chronic aspirin therapy. AB - 1. The effects of chronic administration of aspirin in therapeutic doses (3.9 g/day) on plasma and salivary salicylate levels were studied in eight subjects. 2. The urinary excretion profile for free salicylic acid and metabolites of salicylate were examined. 3. Plasma and salivary salicylate levels declined significantly after peak levels were achieved between days 3 and 10. 4. The decline in plasma and salivary salicylate levels may be due to an induction of a metabolic pathway such as salicylurate formation (Furst, Gupta & Paulus, 1977). Only the mean fraction of salicylate excreted as salicylurate appears to increase with time during the present study, although the change was not significant statistically. 5. The decline in plasma and salivary salicylate levels during chronic therapy may lead to an apparent 'tolerance' of some rheumatoid patients to aspirin. PMID- 7356893 TI - Factors determining the passage of drugs from blood into saliva. AB - 1. Following single oral dosing of ampicillin, cephalexin, tetracycline, erythromycin estolate, clindamycin and rifampicin to six normal volunteers, antibacterial activity was measured at 1, 3 and 6 h in serum, gingival fluid and minor gland saliva from all subjects and in parotid and submandiabular saliva from three. 2. pH values of all gingival fluid and saliva specimens were noted. 3. Partition coefficients between n-octanol and water were measured for erythromycin, clindamycin and rifampicin. Published data were used for ampicillin, cephalexin and tetracycline. 4. All antibiotics, but particularly rifampicin, were detected in gingival fluid. Only rifampicin and to a lesser degree, clindamycin were present in the other salivary constituents. 5. In studies of secretion of drugs in saliva, both the physico-chemical characteristics of the drugs and the physiological differences between individual salivary components should be considered. 6. Parotid saliva samples are likely to be of greatest value. PMID- 7356894 TI - The effect of semisynthetic penicillins on the binding of bilirubin by neonatal serum. AB - 1. The effect of ampicillin, cloxacillin, flucloxacillin and sulphafurazole on bilirubin on bilirubin binding by pooled human umbilical cord serum and bovine serum albumin was studied in vitro using Sephadex gel filtration. 2. Sulphafurazole displaced bilirubin from binding; both cloxacillins displaced bilirubin from pooled cord serum but not bovine serum albumin. 4. No displacement of bilirubin by the cloxacillins from pooled cord serum could be detected at therapeutic plasma concentrations of these drugs. 5. Scatchard analysis of the interactions showed that displacement of bilirubin by these drugs occurred principally at the primary, high affinity, low capacity binding site. PMID- 7356895 TI - Quantitative analysis of the disopyramide concentration-effect relationship. AB - 1. A combined pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model has been used to analyse the relationship between QT prolongation and changes in plasma concentration which occurred after disopyramide was given intravenously and orally to eight healthy subjects. 2. The pharmacokinetic models appropriate to intravenous and oral disopyramide have been extended by an 'effect compartment' which has no influence on the predetermined mass of drug in the body. 3. The model incorporates an adjustment for lag of effect behind any rapid changes in plasma concentration such as occur in the early distributive phase following intravenous administration. This permits calculation of the proportionality constant relating plasma concentration to effect. 4. Irrespective of the route of administration the mean (+/- s.d.) prolongation of the QT interval was 14.5 +/- 6.5 ms/micrograms ml-1. 5. There was no evidence that metabolite produced during first pass after oral administration made any significant contribution to effect. 6. This modelling technique should be applicable to the study of the concentration-effect relationship of a number of other drugs, both in health and in disease. PMID- 7356897 TI - Amiloride handling in renal failure. PMID- 7356896 TI - Assay of 6-thioguanine in human plasma. AB - 1. A fluorimetric method has been developed for measuring therapeutic concentrations of 6-thioguanine in human plasma. The drug was measured as an oxidized derivative, guanine 6-sulphonate. 2. 6-thioguanine was extracted from plasma by a novel procedure which isolated the drug from an interfering plasma components. This method involved the formation of the thioguanine phenyl mercury derivative in alkaline plasma and its extraction into toluene. The free drug was released by back-extraction into hydrochloric acid. 3. The assay is specific and shows a limit of sensitivity of 5 ng/ml. This was shown to be adequate for measuring plasma concentrations of 6-thioguanine after the administration of a 160 mg dose in a patient with leukaemia. PMID- 7356899 TI - Arterial blood gas tensions and pH. AB - 1 The definition of PO2 and its relationship to the oxygen saturation (SO2) by the oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) is described with details of the ligands of the ODC and the effects of haemoglobinopathies on P50 (the position of the ODC) and the slope of the ODC (Hill's 'n'). 2 The definition of PCO2 and description of CO2 transport by blood leads to consideration of the basis of acid base balance. 3 Acid base balance is expressed in terms of arterial blood (H+) (or pH) PCO2 relationship using a non-logarithmic diagram. 4 The measurement of arterial blood gas tensions is described with comments on arterial puncture and available modern automated blood gas electrodes and their calibration. 5 Non-invasive indirect measurements of blood gas tensions, by ear oximetry are described, with calibration figures on the Hewlett-Packard 47021A ear oximeter. End-tidal PO2 and PCO2 measurements by mass spectrometer or infra-red CO2 analyser, and of transcutaneous PO2 measurements by a heated polarographic electrode are described. 6 These measurements are necessary to study the effects of pharmacological agents on the chemical control of breathing, on pulmonary gas exchange, and on acid base balance in humans. The measurements are in everyday use in clinical practice, both to aid diagnosis of respiratory diseases, assess their severity, and to quantiate the effects of therapeutic agents. PMID- 7356898 TI - Dose-response relationship for mydriasis produced by topical ocular tyramine in man. PMID- 7356900 TI - The pharmacokinetics of methimazole after oral administration of carbimazole and methimazole, in hyperthyroid patients. AB - 1 Methimazole plasma concentrations were measured in two groups of hyperthyroid subjects after the oral administration of either carbimazole or methimazole. 2 With the HPLC method it was also possible to measure the concentration of a methimazole metabolite, 3-methyl-2-thiohydantoin in one patient. 3 Large interindividual differences were observed, especially within the carbimazole group. 4 Incomplete absorption of carbimazole could explain particular high apparent volumes of distribution and apparent clearances. PMID- 7356901 TI - The pharmacokinetics of methimazole in pregnant patients after oral administration of carbimazole. AB - 1 A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was used to study the pharmacokinetics of methimazole after oral administration of carbimazole to women in various stages of pregnancy. 2 In one patient it was possible to conduct the study in the first and third timesters: there was an appreciable increase in the apparent clearance of methimazole. 3 Based on the assumption of complete absorption and hydrolysis of carbimazole to methimazole the mean apparent clearance was found to be significantly higher in pregnant patients receiving 10 mg carbimazole than in non-pregnant patients receiving the same dose. PMID- 7356902 TI - Enhanced metabolism and diminished efficacy of disopyramide by enzyme induction? AB - 1 Monitoring plasma levels of mono-N-dealkyldisopyramide (MND), the most important metabolite of disopyramide, has been considered unnecessary. 2 We measured plasma levels of both disopyramide and MND in 64 consecutive patients receiving long term oral therapy with disopyramide. 3 Six patients were found with high plasma levels of MND, and simultaneously low levels of disopyramide. 4 Three of these patients were taking simultaneously phenytoin. The other three had a relatively high dose of disopyramide with regard to their renal function. One patient had terminal uremia, three had less severe renal dysfunction. 5 The underlying mechanism and clinical significance of the findings are discussed. PMID- 7356903 TI - Effect of cimetidine on the absorption of orally administered tetracycline. AB - 1 Six healthy female subjects received orally two 250 mg tetracycline tablets either with 400 mg cimetidine or placebo. In a separate experiment six healthy female volunteers received 500 mg tetracycline as a suspension on the fifth day of a 6 day regime of 400 mg cimetidine or placebo, 8 hourly and at bedtime. 500 mg tetracycline as tablets was also given with cimetidine only. 2 Following a single dose of cimetidine the mean peak tetracycline plasma concentration was significantly reduced by 1.2 microgram/ml and the area under the plasma concentration, time curve was decreased by 40%. The 72 h urinary tetracycline excretion was diminished by approximately 30%. 3 Tetracycline had no effect on the plasma concentration, time profile of cimetidine. 4 Administration of 400 mg cimetidine 8 hourly and at night for 6 days and dosing with 500 mg tetracycline as tablets or suspension on the fifth day produced no alteration in tetracycline kinetics. 5 It was concluded that under clinical circumstances it is unlikely that cimetidine produces a clinically significant alteration in tetracycline absorption or disposition. 6 The bioavailability of tetracycline from tablets and suspension was found to be similar (31.2% and 36.9% of the dose excreted in the urine over 72 h). 7 The mean renal clearance of tetracycline was 83.8 ml/min (95% confidence interval +/- 9.2 ml/min) and was unaltered by cimetidine treatment. PMID- 7356904 TI - A sex difference in the effects of oral codeine and promethazine on the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in human volunteers. AB - 1 Interactions between codeine and promethazine have been studied in male and female volunteers, measuring ventilation, end tidal PCO2, ventilatory response to CO2, pulse and blood pressure. 2 The effects of codeine on the above measurements have been compared in subjects who habitually smoke cigarettes and non smoking subjects. 3 Codeine displaced the ventilatory response to CO2 to the right and increased end tidal PCO2 in female subjects but not in males. 4 Promethazine plus codeine displaced the ventilatory response to CO2 to the right in male subjects but tended to reduce the response to codeine in females. 5 The slope of the ventilatory response to CO2 was significantly steeper in smokers and codeine caused significant reductions in slope in these subjects. PMID- 7356905 TI - Response of pathological ischaemic muscle pain to analgesics. AB - 1 Twenty-four patients suffering from severe pain due to chronic occlusive arterial disease of the legs were given oral doses of indoprofen (200 mg), ibuprofen (300 mg) and placebo. 2 Differences in pain intensity scored on a five point scale were taken as measurement of pain relief. 3 This double-blind, cross over trial showed that indoprofen had significantly greater analgesic effect than placebo and reference drug. 4 From a methodological point of view there are many arguments on favour of pathological ischaemic pain as a test for clinical assessment of analgesics. PMID- 7356906 TI - Prazosin protein binding in health and disease. PMID- 7356907 TI - Elevated blood histamine levels and mast cell degranulation in solar urticaria. AB - 1 Ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced wealing was studied in four patients with solar urticaria, whose measured action spectra were within the range 300 to 700 nm. 2 Elevated histamine levels were found in blood draining wealed skin in all four patients. 3 Histological and electron microscopial studies of the irradiated skin showed evidence of mast cell degranulation. 4 These findings demonstrate an association between histamine release from mast cells and wealing in solar urticaria, and should encourage evaluation of drugs which suppress histamine release in this disorder. PMID- 7356908 TI - Alcohol absorption, gastric emptying and a breathalyser. AB - 1 The value of a portable breathlyser (Alcometer AE-M2) in the assessment of gastric emptying after alcohol ingestion was investigated by comparing breath and venous blood alcohol concentrations with simultaneous scintigraphic measurements of gastric emptying rate. 2 Alcohol absorption, as determined by the area under the venous blood alcohol concentration-time curve during the first 30 min, correlated with gastric emptying during the same period, implying dependence of the rate of alcohol absorption on gastric emptying rate. 3 There was no correlation between breath and venous alcohol concentrations during the first 15 min after alcohol ingestion, but a significant correlation was observed thereafter. 4 Breath alcohol measurements may be sufficient to detect gross alterations in gastric emptying but measurements of venous blood alcohol are likely to be more reliable. PMID- 7356909 TI - A fluorimetric assay for metolazone in urine. PMID- 7356910 TI - Pharmacokinetics of acebutolol after intravenous bolus administration. PMID- 7356911 TI - Sound transfer function of the congested canine lung. AB - Alterations of sound transfer function of the lung in pre-congested and congested states were studied in a canine model as an index of the accumulation of lung liquids. Pulmonary congestion was produced by graduated inflations of a balloon in the left atrium. Different degrees of pulmonary congestion were documented by post-mortem wet to dry lung weight ratios. Sound transfer function of the lung was determined utilizing passive sound transmission in the audio freqency range consisting of sinusoidal oscillations swept from 50 Hz to 2 kHz. Sound transfer function in dB was defined as 20 times the logarithm of sound output divided by sound input. These functions were computed for pre-congested and congested states of the lung and the differential values correlated with the post-mortem wet to dry weight ratios of the lung. The magnitude of sound transfer function of the lung correlated well with increasing accumulation of intravascular and extravascular lung liquids and provided a quantitative index of pulmonary congestion. PMID- 7356912 TI - Acute effects of smoking a single cigarette on the airway resistance and the maximal and partial forced expiratory flow volume curves. AB - The acute airway response to smoking a single cigarette was assessed in eight symptom-free male smokers. The changes in airway function were determined using a computer analysis of maximal and partial expiratory flow volume curves together with measurement of airway resistance. The amount of smoke inhaled was assessed by measuring levels of nicotine in venous blood. When the results of all studies were analysed for the group as a whole only small and inconsistent changes in airway function were observed after smoking a cigarette, although all the subjects appeared to inhale the smoke. Although the group showed inconsistent changes, one subject exhibited a change on all four occasions in the studies using the maximal and partial expiratory flow volume curves. This was seen particularly for Vmax50 and Vmax40 obtained from the maximal and partial expiratory flow volume curves respectively. There appeared to be no difference between the two manoeuvres in their sensitivity to smoke-induced change. One subject showed a response to smoking when airways resistance was measured but this was on only one of two occasions. It is therefore possible that certain smokers are more susceptible to inhaled cigarette smoke and such individuals may be those who develop chronic airflow obstruction. The absence of a group effect was attributed to any smoking response being smaller than the other factors which affect measurements of airway function. PMID- 7356913 TI - A computer simulation of physiological factors contributing to hyperventilation and breathlessness in cardiac patients. AB - A computer model of human respiration is of value for teaching the basic principles of respiratory physiology to students. An extension of this educational use is in the theoretical exploration of the relative importance of individual factors which may be contributing to disordered function in common clinical problems. For example, when a cardiac patient becomes breathless with increase in ventilation during exercise there are alterations in many physiological variables. The influence of their individual contributions on the total ventilation and thence possibly on breathlessness is often difficult to estimate. We present a theoretical analysis using MACPUF, a digital computer simulation of circulation and gas exchange which can be used to extimate the quantitative contribution of relevant physiological variables by altering them singly and in combination. Alterations in dead space, physiological shunt and pulmonary compliance individually produce only small increases in ventilation. Increased neurogenic drive (e.g. from lung reflexes triggered by pulmonary congestion) is a potentially important but very variable factor. A more important influence on ventilation appears when cardiac output is reduced and anaerobic metabolism simulated, causing changes in blood gas tensions and acidaemia which then change ventilation. Any increase in ventilation becomes more significant as a cause of breathlessness when ventilatory capacity is reduced, which in cardiac patients it not infrequently is. PMID- 7356914 TI - Impaired polymorphonuclear leucocyte chemotaxis after influenza virus infection. AB - Polymorphonuclear leucocyte function was assessed in 13 patients with influenza by measuring phagocytosis of staphylococci and chemotaxis. Significant impairment of chemotaxis was shown. Subsequeuntly polymorph chemotaxis was found to be impaired in a group of volunteers infected with virus recombinants of A/New Jersey/8/76 but not in volunteers infected with a virus recombinant of A/Victoria/3/75. These results accord well with the in vitro effects of certain influenza viruses on polymorph function and suggest that interference with polymorph function may predispose to bacterial pneumonia after clinical influenza. PMID- 7356915 TI - Ethnic differences in the clinical features of sarcoidosis in South-East London. AB - The records of 91 patients who conformed to rigid criteria for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis were studied. These included 36 patients of West Indian and 47 of Caucasian origin. Comparison of these two groups showed a significantly later age of onset in the West Indians, who were also more liable to present with respiratory symptoms, particularly chest discomfort, to have eye involvement and palpable lymphadenopathy and to have a more disseminated disease than the Caucasian group. However, Caucasians were far more likely to have erythema nodosum. There was a tendency for the onset of symptoms in the whole group to occur between November to February. Differences in sarcoidosis between ethnic groups within the same geographical area suggest variable host responses which may be dependant on their immunological response. The later age of onset of sarcoidosis seen the West Indians might be explained by their later exposure to an environmental transmissible agent. PMID- 7356916 TI - Clara cells in llamas born and living at high and low altitudes. AB - Quantitative histological studies showed greater Clara cell activity in two llamas born and spending their lives in the High Andes as compared to a llama born and spending its life at sea level. PMID- 7356917 TI - A comparison of biopsy results using rigid and fibreoptic bronchoscopes. AB - A comparison of the results of bronchial biopsy in the histological diagnosis of lung cancer obtained via the fibreoptic bronchoscope and the rigid bronchoscope has been made. Positive biopsy rates of 72% with the fibreoptic bronchoscope and 51% with the rigid bronchoscope were obtained (P less than 0.001). Evidence is presented to show that this difference was not due to selection of patients. The negative biopsy rates in the presence of proven visible tumour were 9% with the fibreoptic bronchoscope and 16% with the rigid bronchoscope. PMID- 7356918 TI - Systemic amyloidosis complicating cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7356921 TI - Genetic basis of sex differences in the prevalence of asthma. AB - The possibility that sex differences in the prevalence of asthma are caused by a genetic sex influence was investigated in 298 asthmatic patients with three or more positive skin tests (sex ratio=1.35) and in 94 asthmatic patients with no positive skin tests (sex ratio=0.58). The distribution of asthma among the male and female relatives of the male and female patients was uniform in both groups, indicating there was no genetic sex influence. PMID- 7356919 TI - Gonadotropin-secreting bronchogenic carcinoma in a woman. AB - We report the case of a woman with a squamous carcinoma of the bronchus which secreted human chorionic gonadotrophin. Earlier reports have all involved males. Some evidence that estimation of serum HCG levels might prove a useful marker of early malignancy is presented. PMID- 7356920 TI - Prednisolone pharmacokinetics in asthmatic patients. AB - Prednisolone serum levels have been measured by radio-immunoassay in 12 steroid dependent asthmatic patients. Differences in prednisolone pharmacokinetics did not account for the variation in dose of prednisolone required to control asthma. PMID- 7356922 TI - The relationship between locus of control and academic achievement, anxiety, and level of aspiration. PMID- 7356923 TI - Visual and ocular control anomalies in relation to reading difficulty. PMID- 7356924 TI - Extraversion, neuroticism, intelligence and academic achievement in northern Nigeria. PMID- 7356925 TI - Congenital nystagmus. PMID- 7356926 TI - Contrast sensitivity in amblyopia due to stimulus deprivation. AB - Contrast sensitivity functions for sinusoidal gratings of varying spatial frequency and stimulus duration were determined for both eyes of 2 patients with amblyopia due to early occlusion and lid closure. The amblyopic eyes showed reduced contrast sensitivity over a wide range of spatial frequencies and stimulus durations, and the temporal integration time of the amblyopic eye was increased by comparison with the non-amblyopic eye at high spatial frequencies. When the gratings were flickered at 10 Hz the sensitivity for both flicker and pattern detection was reduced in the amblyopic eye over the entire spatial frequency range. Abnormal flicker perception by the amblyopic eyes was also evident in the reduced photopic luminosity functions of these patients. PMID- 7356928 TI - Effect of age on Arden grating acuity. AB - Arden grating test scores were obtained for 100 normal subjects under standardised testing conditions. While previously published ranges of interocular conguity were corroborated, a significant increase in test scores with increasing age was noted. This effect of age has not been previously reported. Physiological considerations suggest that such age dependency might have been expected. It is suggested that ranges of normal values be established for each of several age groups. PMID- 7356927 TI - A new treatment for congenital nystagmus. AB - Congenital nystagmus is a disorder of eye movement with an associated reduction in visual acuity. The latter is mainly due to the intensity of the nystagmus (amplitude times frequency) allowing the object of regard to spend only a short time on the fovea. Training patients by an auditory feedback technique to control the nystagmus enables visual sensitivity to improve. This method is compared with present alternatives, and further studies are suggested. PMID- 7356929 TI - Comparison of Snellen acuity, VER acuity, and Arden grating scores in macular and optic nerve diseases. AB - Patients with various macular and optic nerve abnormalities underwent Snellen acuity, transient VER acuity, and Arden grating testing. Snellen acuity was the coarsest of the 3 evaluations, generally falling after Arden scores and VER acuity had already undergone significant degradation. The Arden gratings appeared to be the most sensitive of the 3 tests, equalling VER performance in optic nerve diseases and surpassing it in macular diseases. Variations in results between the different tests are generally understandable if one considers the functions tested by each and the anatomical derangements caused by the diseases in question. The Arden grating test appears to be an excellent and sensitive screening test for central visual disturbances. PMID- 7356930 TI - Rieger's anomaly: a 42-year follow-up. PMID- 7356931 TI - Indirect choroidal tears at the posterior pole: a fluorescein angiographic and perimetric study. AB - Retinal fluorescein angiographic and visual field studies were performed on 10 patients who had developed indireect choroidal tears, these procedures being repeated at intervals until the retinal disturbances stabilised. Fluorographic investigations revealed that a transient breakdown of the choroidoretinal barrier to fluorescein dye could be detected in cases investigated within 4 days of injury, and also that the late complication of neovascularisation, producing a serous maculopathy, may resolve and good central vision be retained without recourse to photocoagulation therapy. Patients who had visual field examinations performed within a few days of trauma were noted to have dense central scotomata, but some recovery occurred in most cases, although to a variable degree. Field defects away from fixation corresponded to an extent with areas of post-traumatic pigmentary retinopathy, but in some portions of retina with normal background appearances sensitivity was also noted to be reduced. Scotomata corresponding specifically to choroidal tears or nerve fibre bundle defects were not recorded. Improvement of visual acuity may be expected, except in cases where a choroidal tear has involved the fovea or progressive choroidal neovascularisation led to permanent macular damage. PMID- 7356932 TI - Increased drift in amblyopic eyes. AB - Reports are conflicting on the presence of increased drift in amblyopic eyes. Furthermore, the individual effects of either amblyopia or strabismus alone on ocular drift have not been systematically investigated. We therefore used a photoelectric method to record horizontal eye position during monocular and binocular fixation in patients having amblyopia without strabismus, intermittent strabismus, or constant strabismus amblyopia. Our principal finding was increased drift amplitude (up to 3.5 degree) and velocity (up to 3.0 degrees per second) in amblyopic eyes during monocular fixation. While increased drift was found 75% of the time in amblyopia without strabismus and 50% of the time in constant strabismus amblyopia, it was found only 20% of the time in intermittent strabismus. Amblyopic drift could be either error-producing or error-correcting in nature. Increased drift was not present during monocular fixation with the dominant eye or during binocular fixation in any of our 16 patients. We therefore conclude that amblyopia and not strabismus is a necessary condition for the presence of markedly increased fixational drift. Increased drift amplitude but not velocity may adversely affect visual acuity in the amblyopic eye. PMID- 7356933 TI - Preparation and properties of bovine factor VIII (antihemophilic factor). AB - Factor VIII has been purified approximately 300000-fold from bovine plasma by ammonium sulfate fractionation, glycine precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography, sulfate--Sepharose column chromatography, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, and factor X--Sepharose column chromatography. The highly purified preparation migrated as a triplet on sodium dodecyl sulfate/urea--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with apparent molecular weights of 93000, 88000, and 85000. The coagulant activity of the purified preparations was inhibited by antibodies raised in rabbits against either the purified factor VIII protein or a preparation of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor. Antibodies to the purified protein also inhibited the coagulant activity of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor preparations. The purified factor VIII contained no platelet-aggregating activity, as measured in human platelet-rich plasma. The purified preparation of factor VIII was required for the activation of factor X in the presence of factor IXa, calcium, and phospholipid. It was activated about 30-fold by thrombin or factor Xa plus calcium and phospholipid, and each of these reactions was accompanied by a change in the sodium dodecyl sulfate/urea--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern of the protein. Factor VIII was rapidly inactivated by bovine-activated protein C in a reaction requiring calcium and phospholipid. This reaction was also associated with a change in the sodium dodecyl sulfate/urea- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern of the highly purified protein. These experiments involving three highly specific serine proteases support the conclusion that the triplet observed on polyacrylamide gels is factor VIII. PMID- 7356934 TI - Maize histone H1: a partial structural characterization. AB - The first H1 histone from a plant, Zea mays, has been characterized and partially sequenced. The maize H1 molecule shares many sequence features with rabbit and sea urchin H1 and chicken H5. The central hydrophobic region of the protein exhibits sequence microheterogeneity, indicating the presence of multiple H1 proteins in maize. The cause of the genetically controlled electrophoretic variation in the major H1 subfraction of maize has been localized to the carboxy terminal region of the molecule. PMID- 7356935 TI - Investigation of the structure of metallothioneins by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of metallothioneins from horse, human, and sheep livers were investigated. The spectra of the metallothioneins from the three species are similar as are the two isoproteins from any one species. The spectra indicate that metallothioneins possess a well-defined tertiary structure. Zinc(II) and calcium(II) ions induce similar but not identical tertiary structures. Confirmatory evidence was obtained for the involvement of cysteine residues in metal binding, but no evidence was obtained for the involvement of any other amino acid residue in metal binding. The apoprotein thionein was found to exist essentially in a random-coil conformation with perhaps some residual segmental structure. PMID- 7356937 TI - Marked structural differences of the Mcg Bence--Jones dimer in two crystal systems. PMID- 7356936 TI - Infrared studies on the conformation of synthetic alamethicin fragments and model peptides containing alpha-aminoisobutyric acid. AB - Infrared studies of synthetic alamethicin fragments and model peptides containing alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) have been carried out in solution. Tripeptides and larger fragments exhibit a strong tendency to form beta turns, stabilized by 4 leads to 1 10-atom hydrogen bonds. Dipeptides show less well-defined structures, though C5 and C7 conformations are detectable. Conformational restrictions imposed by Aib residues result in these peptides populating a limited range of states. Integrated intensities of the hydrogen-bonded N-H stretching band can be used to quantitate the number of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Predictions made from infrared data are in excellent agreement with nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction studies. Assignments of the urethane and tertiary amide carbonyl groups in the free state have been made in model peptides. Shifts to lower frequency on hydrogen bonding are observed for the carbonyl groups. The 1--6 segment of alamethicin is shown to adopt a 3(10) helical structure stabilized by four intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The fragments Boc-Leu-Aib-Pro-Val-Aib-OMe (12--16) and Boc-Gly-Leu-Aig-Pro-Val-Aib-OMe (11--16) possess structures involving 4 leads to 1 and 5 leads to 1 hydrogen bonds. Supporting evidence for these structures is obtained from proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies. PMID- 7356938 TI - Binding of scorpion neurotoxins to chick embryonic heart cells in culture and relationship to calcium uptake and membrane potential. AB - Stimulation of 45Ca uptake by scorpion neurotoxins in cultured chick embryonic heart cells has been shown to be directly linked to their effect on sodium channels. This property was used to compare the activity of 15 neurotoxins from five different species to their lethal effect in the mouse and immunological properties. As scorpion neurotoxins, the alkaloid neurotoxin veratridine enhanced 45Ca uptake, and an apparent positive cooperativity between the two drugs was observed. 125I-Labeled toxin II from the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector was shown to bind to chick heart cells specifically, saturably, and reversibly with high affinity (KD = 1--3 nM in sodium-free medium) and low capacity (10--20 fmol/mg cell protein). As shown by 45Ca uptake and radioactive toxin binding experiments, the affinity of scorpion neurotoxin to heart cell receptors was dependent on external K+ concentration. Toxin binding was lowered by increasing Na+ concentration in the medium and was abolished by veratridine in a sodium (140 mM) containing medium. As previously reported for neuroblastoma cells, all these results are in agreement with the membrane potential dependence of scorpion neurotoxin affinity for its membrane receptor. PMID- 7356940 TI - Mechanism of papain catalysis: studies of active-site acylation and deacylation by the stopped-flow technique. PMID- 7356939 TI - Direct observation of substrate distortion by triosephosphate isomerase using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. AB - The infrared spectrum of dihydroxyacetone phosphate bound to triosephosphate isomerase has been measured. There are two carbonyl bands corresponding to the bound substrate, with an intensity ratio of about 3:1. Relative to the carbonyl absorption of dihydroxyacetone phosphate in free solution, the major band is shifted by 19 cm-1 to 1713 cm-1, providing direct evidence of enzyme-induced distortion of the substrate. This strain is probably attributable to an enzymic electrophile that polarizes the carbonyl group of the substrate and thereby promotes catalysis. PMID- 7356941 TI - Pyridoxal phosphate as a probe of reovirus transcriptase. AB - The ribonucleoprotein core of reovirus is a multienzyme complex that transcribes messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) from double-stranded RNA templates. So far, the core has resisted attempts to disassemble it and identify the polypeptide species responsible for RNA polymerase activity. As an alternative approach, we tested pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) as a potential affinity labeling reagent for reovirus transcriptase in vitro; PLP has been used as an affinity reagent for cellular and viral nucleic acid polymerases. We found that PLP inhibited reovirus transcriptase reversibly (apparent Ki = 0.2 mM), but the inhibition was noncompetitive with respect to each of the four ribonucleoside triphosphates. This interaction required both the aldehyde and phosphate moieties in PLP, since pyridoxamine and pyridoxal were relatively inactive. To identify the polypeptides involved, we labeled the PLP--core complex by reductive alkylation with [3H]borohydride. At PLP concentrations close to the apparent Ki, labeling was selective for the two largest virion polypeptides, lambda 1 and lambda 2. At saturation, there were only 10 high-affinity PLP binding sites per core in each of the lambda polypeptide species. These findings implicate either or both lambda polypeptide species in viral transcription and they indicate that a special population, representing no more than 10% of the total lambda molecules in each core, participates in RNA synthesis. PMID- 7356942 TI - Biosynthesis of heparin. Hydrogen exchange at carbon 5 of the glucuronosyl residues. PMID- 7356943 TI - Conformation of the glycopeptide linkage in asparagine-linked glycoproteins. PMID- 7356944 TI - Nonuniform backbone conformation of deoxyribonucleic acid indicated by phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift anisotropy. AB - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance of highly oriented DNA fibers has been observed for three different conformations, namely, the A, B, and C forms of DNA. At a parallel orientation of the fiber axis with respect to the magnetic field, DNA fibers in both the A and B forms exhibit a single, abnormally broad resonance; in contrast, fibers in the C form show almost the full span of the chemical shift anisotropy (170 ppm). The spectra of the fibers oriented perpendicular indicate that the DNA molecules undergo a considerable rotational motion about the helical axis, with a rate of greater than 2 x 10(3) s-1 for the B-form DNA. Theoretical considerations indicate that the 31P chemical shift data for the B-form DNA fibers are consistent with the atomic coordinates of the phosphodiester group proposed by Langridge et al. [Langridge, R., Wilson, H. R. Hooper, C. W., Wilkins, M. H. F., & Hamilton, L. D. (1960) J. Mol. Biol. 2, 19--37] but not with the corresponding coordinates proposed by Arnott and Hukins [Arnott, S., & Hukins, D. W. L. (1972) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Coomun. 47, 1504--1509], and also lead to the conclusion that the phosphodiester orientation must vary significantly along the DNA molecule. The latter result suggests that DNA has significant variations in its backbone conformation along the molecule. PMID- 7356945 TI - Dependence of mononucleosome deoxyribonucleic acid conformation on the deoxyribonucleic acid length and H1/H5 content. Circular dichroism and thermal denaturation studies. AB - Four mononucleosome preparations were isolated from micrococcal nuclease digests of chicken erythrocyte nuclei which differed in average deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) length and in H1 and H5 content. The circular dichroism properties of the unperturbed mononucleosome preparations and the corresponding H1- and H5-depleted species demonstrate that the nucleoprotein spectra above 250 nm are all altered relative to protein-free DNA by the addition of a single negative band at 275 nm, similar to the band observed for psi-DNA. The quantitative analysis of the psi type band intensity for any of the higher molecular weight unperturbed samples relative to core particle mononucleosomes yielded a constant number of DNA base pairs (approximately 140) contributing to this new band. Upon removal of H1 and H5 from the mononucleosome preparations which have sufficiently long linker DNA, the psi-type band intensity indicates an approximately 30 base pair reduction in the number of core DNA base pairs contributing to the altered circular dichroism properties. The psi-type band is proposed to be due to the compact DNA tertiary structure, i.e., the manner in which the DNA is wound around the histone core allowing interactions between adjacent turns of the superhelix. This interpretation implies that approximately 30 base pairs of core DNA are removed from the unique core tertiary structure when the linker DNA is not bound by H1 or H5. The circular dichroism analysis correlates well with the thermal denaturation properties of mononucleosomes. Removal of H1 and H5 causes an overall reduction in the thermal stability of both core and linker DNA. The degree of destabilization is greatest when the average DNA length is maximum. Some core DNA is lost from the highest temperature melting bands when histone-free DNA is present. These results indicate two regions of different conformational and thermodynamic stability in core DNA. The length of attached linker DNA and its histone content influence the two regions of the core to differing extents. PMID- 7356946 TI - Reconstitution of bovine heart mitochondrial transhydrogenase: a reversible proton pump. PMID- 7356948 TI - Changes in the hepatic levels of messenger ribonucleic acid for malic enzyme during induction by thyroid hormone or diet. AB - Levels of hepatic messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for malic enzyme [L malate:NADP oxidoreductase (decarboxylating), EC 1.1.1.40] were quantitated in different dietary and hormonal states of the rat. Polysomal or total cellular poly(A)-containing RNA was translated in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system, which had been treated to reduce endogenous mRNA activity. The relative level of incorporation of radiolabeled amino acid into malic enzyme was determined by immunoprecipitation with antibody to malic enzyme and formaldehyde-fixed Staphylococcus aureus (Cowens I strain) as an immunoadsorbent. The immunoprecipitated product comigrated with purified malic enzyme on sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No malic enzyme was detected when nonspecific antisera or an excess of unlabeled malic enzyme was added during immunoprecipitation. The level of malic enzyme mRNA was found to markedly increase relative to euthyroid, chow-fed rats when the animal was either fed a high carbohydrate, fat-free diet or made hyperthyroid. Animals receiving both treatments had a further increase in mRNA activity to a level which was approximately 0.2% of the total incorporation of [3H]leucine. Levels of malic enzyme activity and the relative rate of synthesis were found to increase roughly in proportion to mRNA levels in these three states. Thus, the induction of malic enzyme by thyroid hormone or high carbohydrate, fat-free diet is due largely to an increase in the mRNA coding for this enzyme. PMID- 7356947 TI - Raman analysis of the thermotropic behavior of lecithin-fatty acid systems and of their interaction with proteolipid apoprotein. PMID- 7356950 TI - Cadmium-113 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of cadmium-substituted derivatives of bovine superoxide dismutase. AB - We have prepared the following cadmium-113-substituted derivatives of bovine superoxide dismutase and recorded the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of the cadmium: 2Cd(II), in which Cd(II) is presumed to bind to the Zn(II) site and the copper site is unoccupied, and 2Cd(II)--2Cu(I), which is analogous to the reduced form of the native protein. NMR transitions were observed at 310 ppm downfield from Cd(ClO4)2 for 2Cd(II) and at 320 ppm for the 2Cd(II)--2Cu(I) containing proteins. In each case the observed line width was 27 +/- 2 Hz. The following conclusions were drawn. (a) The very small chemical-shift difference between the two derivatives indicates that the Cd(II) binding site is very similar in both samples. It follows from this result and previous work that the imidazolato bridge is protonated on the Cu side upon reduction of the Cu ion from the II to I valence state. (b) The extremely narrow line width of the resonance in both forms suggests a virtual identity of Cd(II) bound to both subunits of the molecule. (c) The relaxation time, T1 = 1.2 s, is caused by approximately equal contributions from chemical-shift anisotropy and dipolar interactions with nearby protons. PMID- 7356949 TI - Steroid--protein interactions. Influence of steroid structure and temperature on the binding of steroids to guinea pig corticosteroid-binding globulin. PMID- 7356951 TI - Quasielastic light-scattering studies of aqueous biliary lipid systems. Mixed micelle formation in bile salt-lecithin solutions. AB - From measurements of the autocorrelation function and time-averaged intensity of light scattered from aqueous bile salt-lecithin solutions, we deduced the mean hydrodynamic radius (Rh), shape, and polydispersity of bile salt-lecithin mixed micelles as functions of bile salt species, lecithin to bile salt (L/BS) molar ratio, total lipid concentration (0.625-10 g/dL), temperature (20-60 degrees C), and NaCl concentration (0.15-0.6 M). Our data suggest that at low L/BS ratios (0 to approximately 0.6) simple bile salt micelles coexist in varying proportions with minimum-sized mixed micelles (Rh, 18-35 A). These solutions are highly polydisperse and display features dependent upon the particular bile salt species. At high L/BS ratios (greater than 0.6), only mixed micelles are present, and their sizes increase markedly (Rh, 20 leads to 300 A) with increases in L/BS ratio and appear to diverge as the lecithin-bile salt phase limit is approached. The shape of the mixed micelles as deduced from light-scattering measurements and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy is disklike. The radii of the disks, however, are not compatible with Small's model of mixed micellar structure [Small, D.M. (1967a) Gastroenterology 52, 607-a1 but are consistent with a new model proposed here in which bile salts and lecithin interact to form a mixed bilayer disk which is surrounded on its perimeter by bile salts. The inclusion of bile salts in a fixed stoichiometry within the interior of the bilayers is shown to provide a quantitative explanation for the divergence of the mixed micellar sizes, their temperature dependence, and the origin of the lecithin-bile salt phase limit. The influence of total lipid concentration on both mixed micellar size and the lecithin-bile salt phase limit is explained by the "mixed disk" model by taking account of the equilibrium between mixed micelles and bile salt monomers in the intermicellar solution. By use of this concept, deductions of the intermicellar bile salt concentration in taurocholate-lecithin solutions are made and are shown to vary as a function of mixed micellar size and temperature. The range of values obtained, 3-6 mM, is comparable in magnitude to the critical micellar concentration of the pure bile salt. PMID- 7356952 TI - Unfolding of nucleosomes by ethidium binding. AB - We report spectroscopic, hydrodynamic, and biochemical studies on the complex of ethidium bromide with 140 base pair nucleosomal core particles. Fluorescence titration indicates a greater intrinsic affinity of ethidium for nucleosomes than for DNA, and fluorescence depolarization measurements imply increased immobilization of ethidium bound to nucleosomes, but with more extensive dye-dye energy transfer compared to DNA-bound dye. Ethidium intercalated into DNA in nucleosomes has a limiting reduced linear dichroism of -0.45 at 320 nm and -0.25 at 530 nm. Both the energy transfer and dichroism results are consistent with clustering of the nucleosome-bound dye molecules. Electric dichroism measurements and ultracentrifugation studies reveal that structural distortion of the nucleosome accompanies ethidium binding, occurring in the range of r (ethidium residues per base pair) values from 0.02 to 0.06. The distortion transition is characterized by an increase in the negative limiting reduced dichroism from 0.29 to 0.45 at 265 nm, an increase in the field-induced viscosity-limited rotational orientation time from 0.8 to 3 mus, and a decrease in sedimentation coefficient from 10.5 to 8.2 S. The complex was modeled hydrodynamically as a cylinder of 335 A length and 67-A diameter, containing 1.4 superhelical turns of DNA. Dimethylsuberimidate cross-linked nucleosomes, or native nucleosomes in the presence of Mg2+, bind ethidium weakly and are not distorted. The periodicity of cutting sites produced by DNase II digestion of nucleosomes remains constant as ethidium is added, but the bandwidth increases. A thermodynamic model is proposed to interpret the binding isotherm, based on enhancement of drug binding affinity due to release of superhelical stress in the nucleosome-ethidium complex. PMID- 7356953 TI - Structure of cytochalasins and cytochalasin B binding sites in human erythrocyte membranes. AB - Twenty cytochalasins were tested for binding to and for inhibition of glucose transport in human erythrocyte membrane. In this membrane three cytochalasin B (CB) binding sites have been identified. All but three of the cytochalasins bind at site II. On the other hand, only nine of them, which are structurally closely related, bind at site I and inhibit glucose transport. For site I (and site III) binding and glucose transport inhibitory activities (a) the macrocyclic ring in the cytochalasin molecule must be at least 13-membered, (b) the nature of the aromatic ring at C-10 is not important, (c) the C-20-C-23 region makes a major contribution, and (d) the C-5-C-7 segment has a relatively minor influence. These findings do not support a proposed mechanism which involves 24, C-23, C-20, and C 1 oxygen atoms for interaction of CB with glucose carrier. The structural requirements for site II activity are less stringent. The size and the structure of the macrocyclic ring and the nature of the aromatic residue at C-10 modulate this activity only slightly, if at all. Modifications in the C-5-C-7 region of the molecule, however, result in substantial changes in this activity. PMID- 7356954 TI - Inactivation of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine decarboxylase by 2-(fluoromethyl) 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine. AB - 2-(Fluoromethyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine [alpha-FM-Dopa (I)] causes rapid, time-dependent, stereospecific, and irreversible inhibition of hog kidney aromatic amino acid (Dopa) decarboxylase. The inactivation occurs with loss of both the carboxyl carbon and fluoride from I and results in the stoichimetric formation of a covalent enzyme-inhibitor adduct. The data are consistent with I being a suicide inactivator of the enzyme, and a plausible mechanism for the inactivation process is presented. The inactivation is highly efficient in that there is essentially no enzymatic turnover of I to produce the corresponding amine, 1-(fluoromethyl)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine [alpha-FM-dopamine (II)]. Amine II is also a potent inactivator of the enzyme. In vivo compound I is found to inactivate both brain and peripheral (liver) Dopa decarboxylase activity. The possible significance of these data with respect to the known antihypertensive effect of I is discussed. PMID- 7356955 TI - Methylation of histidine-48 in pancreatic phospholipase A2. Role of histidine and calcium ion in the catalytic mechanism. AB - It is known that His-48 is part of the active center in pancreatic phospholipase. To further elucidate the role of histidine-48 in the active center of pancreatic phospholipase A2, we have modified the enzyme with a number of bromo ketones and methyl benzenesulfonates. Rapid methylation occurred with methyl p nitrobenzenesulfonate. Methylated phospholipase shows total loss of enzymatic activity whereas binding of substrate and the cofactor Ca2+ remains intact. Amino acid analysis of methylated equine phospholipase showed the loss of the single molecule of histidine and the formation of one molecule of 2-amino-3-(1-methyl-5 imidazolyl)propanoic acid (1-methylhistidine). Equine phospholipase was also modified by [13C]methyl p-nitrobenzenesulfonate and the methylated enzyme was studied by 13C NMR. The results indicate that the proton on the nitrogen in position 3 of the imidazole ring is involved in a strong interaction with a buried carboxylate group, thereby hindering rotation of the imidazole ring, and that the nitrogen in position 1 is involved in catalysis. These data are in full agreement with the three-dimensional structure at 1.7-A resolution of bovine pancreatic phospholipase. A catalytic mechanism is proposed in which a water molecule which is close to the nitrogen at position 1 of the imidazole ring of the Asp-99-His-48 couple acts as the nucleophile. A comparison is made between phospholipase A2 and the serine esterases. PMID- 7356956 TI - Resonance Raman spectroscopy of arsanilazocarboxypeptidase A: conformational equilibria in solution and crystal phases. PMID- 7356957 TI - Conversion of o-succinylbenzoate to dihydroxynaphthoate by extracts of Micrococcus luteus. AB - Cell-free extracts were prepared from either freshly grown or spray-dried cells of Micrococcus luteus ATCC 4698 by treatment with deoxyribonuclease and lysozyme. These extracts converted o-succinylbenzoic acid (OSB) to 1,4-dihydroxy-2 naphthoic acid (DHNA) as shown by spectrophotofluorometric and radioactivity assays. The conversion required the presence of ATP, CoA, and Mg2+. By use of [2 14C]OSB, the simultaneous production of the spirodilactone form of OSB was also demonstrated. The two products formed from OSB was also demonstrated. The two products formed from OSB were further characterized by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. The production of the spirodilactone was suppressed by the addition of a preparation of the enzyme DHNA synthase obtained from Mycobacterium phlei. (This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of a CoA derivative of OSB to DHNA.) On mild acid treatment, the M. luteus extracts retained the ability to produce spirodilactone but lost the ability to form DHNA. These results are interpreted to mean that an OSB-CoA derivative is an intermediate in the conversion of OSB to DHNA by M. luteus and that two enzymes are involved, one to form the OSB-CoA derivative and the second to carry out a cyclization reaction. PMID- 7356958 TI - Partial purification and characterization of a 90,000-dalton peptide involved in activation of the eIF-2 alpha protein kinase of the hemin-controlled translational repressor. AB - In the absence of heme, a negative translational control system is activated in reticulocytes or their lysates that causes the phosphorylation of the smallest subunit of peptide initiation factor 2 and the inhibition of peptide initiation. Two partially purified enzyme fractions are shown to give a concerted effect for phosphorylation of this subunit of initiation factor 2 and binding of methionyl tRNAf to 40S ribosomal subunits. One enzyme fraction contains a 90,000-dalton peptide that functions in activation of an enzyme containing a 100,000-dalton peptide of the other fraction. Phosphorylation of the 100,000-dalton peptide is correlated with activation of the kinase for the smallest subunit of initiation factor 2. Antibodies against the 90,000-dalton peptide decrease phosphorylation of both the 100,000-dalton peptide and the subunit of initiation factor 2. The results indicate that at least two components function in a sequence of reactions that inhibits protein synthesis by phosphorylation of the smallest subunit of eucaryotic initiation factor 2. The same sequence may be activated in the presence of heme by a cascade type of reactions initiated by a heat-stable protein, HS [Henderson, A.B., Miller, A.H., & Hardesty, B. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 2605-2609]. PMID- 7356959 TI - Studies on synthetic peptides that bind to fibrinogen and prevent fibrin polymerization. Structural requirements, number of binding sites, and species differences. PMID- 7356960 TI - Cell-cell recognition: specific binding of Microciona sponge aggregation factor to homotypic cells and the role of calcium ions. AB - Previous studies have established that the mechanism of species-specific sponge cell reaggregation in vitro involves at least three components: a species specific aggregation factor, its cell surface receptors, and Ca2+ ions. Here we report about the binding of Microciona 125I-labeled aggregation factor to cells and to other molecules of aggregation factor coupled to agarose beads, as well as the role of divalent cations in both factor-cell and factor-factor interactions. Our results indicate that cell aggregation is a two-step process, involving (1) Ca2+-independent species-specific binding of the 21 X 106 dalton aggregation factor to cellular receptors and (2) formation of Ca2+-dependent linkages between factor molecules on adjacent cells. Quantitation of binding suggests that less than 5% of the cell-associated aggregation factor in vivo is required for cell cell adhesion in the in vitro assay. Alternative biological functions for the aggregation factor are discussed. PMID- 7356961 TI - Role of the beta 146 histidyl residue in the alkaline Bohr effect of hemoglobin. AB - High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to investigate the effects of inorganic anions, such as phosphate or chloride, on the alkaline Bohr effect of normal human adult hemoglobin. By monitoring the chemical shift of the C2 proton of the beta 146 histidyl residue as a function of pH, we have determined its pK values in both ligated and unligated forms. In the presence of 0.1 M Bis-Tris buffer (with chloride ion concentration ranging from 0.005 to 0.06 M) in D2O at 27 degrees C, the pK value of the beta 146 histidine of deoxyhemoglobin is 7.98 +/- 0.03 and that of (carbon monoxy)hemoglobin is 7.85 +/- 0.03. However, in the presence of 0.2 M phosphate and 0.2 M NaCl in D2O at 27 degrees C, the corresponding pK values are 8.08 and 7.14, as previously reported by this laboratory [Kilmartin, J. V., Breen, J. J., Roberts, G. C. K., & Ho, C. (1973) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70, 1246-1249]. This large difference in the pK value between the deoxy and carbon monoxy forms in the presence of 0.2 M phosphate and 0.2 M NaCl was interpreted as direct support for (1) the breaking of an intrasubunit salt bridge between beta 146 histidine and beta 94 aspartate when the hemoglobin molecule undergoes the quaternary structural transition as proposed by Perutz [Perutz, M. F. (1970) Nature (London) 228, 726-739] and (2) Perutz's suggestion that the beta 146 histidine is one of the amino acid residues responsible for the alkaline Bohr effect. The absence of a large change in the pK value of the beta 146 histidine in the presence of 0.1 M Bis-Tris buffer implies that (1) the above-mentioned intrasubunit salt bridge is not broken in going from the deoxy to the carbon monoxy form and (2) the beta 146 histidyl residue does not contribute significantly to the alkaline Bohr effect under these conditions. We have also found that in measuring the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin as a function of pH in the presence of 0.1 M Bis-Tris or 0.2 M phosphate plus 0.2 M NaCl (both in D2O), there is no significant difference in the alkaline Bohr effect in these two media. Hence, our results suggest that the detailed molecular mechanism for the Bohr effect depends on the experimental conditions. PMID- 7356963 TI - Transcriptional and posttranscriptional modulation of cytoplasmic ribonucleic acids in regenerating liver and Novikoff hepatoma. PMID- 7356962 TI - Extensive homology of nuclear ribonucleic acid and polysomal poly(adenylic acid) messenger ribonucleic acid between normal and neoplastically transformed cells. AB - A cell line, designated BP6T, derived from Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells following treatment with benzo[a]pyrene is capable of producing tumors in newborn hamsters following the injection of as few as 1-10 cells. Polysomal poly(A) mRNA and total nuclear RNA obtained from this highly tumorigenic cell line were compared to RNAs obtained from the nonneoplastic parental embryo cells by a variety of techniques. RNA excess hybridizations to normal cell radiolabeled single-copy DNA or to a single-copy DNA tracer enriched for sequences transcribed in neoplastically transformed cells were unable to detect any significant differences in RNA sequence complexity between normal SHE cells and neoplastic BP6T cells. This finding of extensive homology of polysomal poly(A) mRNA and total nuclear RNA between normal and neoplastic cells, together with our previous finding of extensive homology of the major 35S-labeled nuclear or cytoplasmic polypeptides observable on two-dimensional gels [Leavitt, J. C., & Moyzis, R. K. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 2497-2500], demonstrates that the phenotypic changes associated with neoplastic transformation by chemical carcinogens are accompanied by relatively few changes in the qualitative pattern of gene expression in cells cultured in vitro. PMID- 7356965 TI - Optically detected magnetic resonance of tryptophan triplet states in native and urea-denatured proteins and polypeptides. PMID- 7356966 TI - Independent activation of the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica at two sites. AB - Membrane vesicles enriched in acetylcholine receptor were prepared from the electroplax tissue of Torpedo californica. The receptor was reduced with dithiothreitol to expose a sulfhydryl group near the ligand binidng site and then treated in one of the following ways: (1) affinity alkylated treated in one of the following ways: (1) affinity alkylated with bromoacetylcholine, a receptor activator, (2) affinity alkylated with maleimidobenzyltrimethylammonium, a receptor inhibitor, or (3) reoxidized to the native state with dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoate). The affinity labels blocked half of the binding sites for alpha bungarotoxin. The toxin sites not protected by the affinity labels were protected by carbamylcholine based on studies of toxin binding kinetics. The functional response of native and affinity-alkylated receptors was measured by a sodium ion flux procedure. In the absence of added cholinergic activators, only slow ion flux was observed. In the presence of carbamylcholine, a receptor activator, both native and modified membranes showed the increased sodium flux associated with functional receptors. The concentration of carbamylcholine required for a 50% maximal response was higher in the affinity-labeled membranes. Preincubation of the membranes with carbamylcholine blocked the increased ion flux, indicating that desensitization could be induced. The results provide evidence for the existence of two functional sites on the acetylcholine receptor. Each site corresponds to a bungarotoxin binding site and can be independently activated and desensitized. PMID- 7356964 TI - Translation of chick aortic elastin messenger ribonucleic acid. Comparison to elastin synthesis in chick aorta organ culture. AB - Studies were undertaken to define the molecular size of the elastin primary gene product. Translation of chick aortic messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in an mRNA dependent reticulocyte lysate resulted in the synthesis of two major proteins of 70 000 and 73 000 molecular weights. Both proteins were shown to be soluble forms of elastin by isotope incorporation, immunoprecipitation, collagenase and cyanogen bromide sensitivity, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The 70 000 dalton protein behaves similarly to authentic tropoeleastin in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. There was no evidence for a high molecular weight form of soluble elastin, although procollagen chains were indirectly identified among the aortic mRNA-directed translation products. The same molecular size proteins were also seen in organ cultures of chick embryonic aortas labeled with [3H]valine. However, the 73 000-dalton protein was not extractable in a neutral salt buffer but was found only if the aortas were extracted with urea in the presence of reducing and alkylating reagents. The results from these studies suggest that elastin is first synthesized as two distinct polypeptide chains which differ slightly in size and overall charge. The possibility that these two proteins may associate posttranslationally to form a dimer prior to secretion is postulated to explain the existence of a putative proelastin molecule seen in other systems. PMID- 7356967 TI - Influence of calcium on phosphatidylglycerol. Two separate lamellar structures. AB - The influence of calcium on the structure of rac-1,2-ditetradecylglycerol-3 phosphoglycerol is investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and by X-ray diffraction. It is shown that 1 M CaCl2 (pH 4.6) induces two separate lamellar phases in the same sample at 20 degrees C. These two phases can be clearly distinguished by their X-ray diffraction patterns. The type of phase observed depends on the pretreatment of the sample. At high temperature (90 degrees C), when the hydrocarbon chains are in the disordered state, the small angle reflections are in the ratio 1:1/square root 3:1/2 and thus indicate the presence of a hexagonal phase. PMID- 7356968 TI - Hindered depolarizing rotations of perylene in lipid bilayers. Detection by lifetime-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements. AB - Oxygen quenching of perylene fluorescence was used to vary its fluorescence lifetime. Steady-state fluorescence anisotropy measurements under these quenching conditions were used to investigate the diffusive motions of perylene in the isotropic solvent propylene glycol and in lipid bilayers. These lifetime-resolved anisotropy measurements indicate that the anisotropy of perylene in propylene glycol decays to zero at times long compared to its fluorescence lifetime. In contrast, the asymptotic or "limiting" anistropy values at these long times (r infinity) are nonzero in vesicles of dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC). r infinity values are largest at temperatures below the DMPC phase transition temperature of 23 degrees C. Representative values of r infinity for perylene in DMPC vesicles are 0.16 and 0.02 at 5 and 47 degrees C, respectively. Thus, in contrast to the free rotations observed for perylene in propylene glycol, perylene rotations are hindered in lipid bilayers. Less marked, yet significant, rotational hindrance was observed in dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) vesicles. Representative values for r infinity in this unsaturated lipid are 0.05 and 0.01 at 2 and 45 degrees C, respectively. Steady-state anisotropy measurements with short-wavelength excitations were used to investigate whether the in-plane or out of-plane rotations of perylene were responsible for the observed r infinity values. In DMPC vesicles we conclude that both rotations are partially hindered. In DOPC vesicles we can only conclude that one or both of these rotations are partially hindered, but both are not free. Most importantly, the existence of fundamentally different diffusive behavior for perylene in solvents and in lipids calls into question the meaning of membrane microviscosities which are derived via such comparisons. PMID- 7356970 TI - Histone-specific acetyltransferases from calf thymus. Isolation, properties, and substrate specificity of three different enzymes. PMID- 7356969 TI - Interaction of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase with transition-state analogues. AB - 2-C-Carboxy-D-ribitol 1,5-bisphosphate and 2-C-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1,5 bisphosphate have been synthesized, purified, and characterized. In the presence of Mg2+, 2-C-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate binds to ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase by a two-step mechanism. The first, rapid step is similar to the binding of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate or its structural analogues. The second step is a slower process (k = 0.04 s-1) and accounts for the tighter binding of 2-C-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate (Kd less than or approximately to 10(-11) M) than of 2-C-carboxy-D-ribitol 1,5-bisphosphate (Kd = 1.5 X 10(6) M). Both carboxypentitol bisphosphates exhibit competitive inhibition with respect to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. 2-C-(Hydroxymethyl)-D-ribitol 1,5 bisphosphate and 2-C-(hydroxymethyl)-D-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate were also synthesized; both are competitive inhibitors with respect to ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate with Ki = 8.0 X 10(-5) M and Ki = 5.0 X 10(-6) M, respectively. Thus, the carboxyl group of 2-C-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate is necessary for maximal interaction with the enzyme. Additionally, Mg2+ is essential for the tight binding of 2-C-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1,5-bisophsphate. A model for catalysis of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylation is discussed which includes a functional role for Mg2+ in the stabilization of the intermediate 2-C carboxy-3-keto-D-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate. Mechanistic implications that arise from the stereochemistry of this intermediate are also discussed. PMID- 7356971 TI - Equilibrium substrate binding studies of the malic enzyme of pigeon liver. Equivalence of nucleotide sites and anticooperativity associated with the binding of L-malate to the enzyme-manganese(II)-reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ternary complex. AB - Malic enzyme (ME) from pigeon liver is a tetrameric protein containing apparently identical subunits. In the present study, equilibrium dialysis and fluorescence titration techniques are employed to determine the binding parameters of nucleotide cofactors, malate, and the inhibitor oxalate. ME binds NADP+ or NADPH at four independent and equivalent sites with dissociation constants of 1.33 microM (pH 7.5, 4 degrees C) and 0.29 microM (pH 7.0, 5 degrees C), respectively, showing "all-of-the-sites" reactivity. The affinity of both nucleotides decreases with increasing temperature, yielding delta Hdissociation values of 11.4 kcal/mol for E-NADP+ and 8.9 kcal/mol for E-NADPH, thus implicating the involvement of polar forces in the binding process. The affinity of NADP+ is independent of pH between 6.1 and 8.4 whereas that of NADPH is highly pH dependent and decreases approximately 63-fold from pH 6.0 to pH 8.0. The pH profile suggests the participation of a protonated enzyme group(s) (pK = 7.2-7.5) in NADPH binding, probably a histidine residue. The affinity of NADP+ is enhanced ca. twofold by pyruvate, in the presence of Mn2+ (50-100 microM) saturating only two "tight" metal sites [Hsu, R. Y., Mildvan, A. S., Chang, G. G., & Fung, C. H. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 6574]. Binding of Mn2+ at weak metal sites (KD congruent to 0.9 mM) prevents this change. Malate binds free ME or binary E-Mn2+ and E-NADP+ (H) complexes weakly with dissociation constants of greater than or equal to 2 mM. The affinity is significantly increased by Mn2+ and NADPH in the ternary E-Mn2+ NADPH complex, yielding two "tight" (KD = 22-30 microM) and two "weak" (KD = 250 400 microM) malate sites per enzyme tetramer as the result of either preexisting nonidentity or negative cooperativity between intitially identical sites. The transition-state inhibitor oxalate binds ME tightly (KD = 65 microM) at the two tight malate sites, showing "half-of-the-sites" stoichiometry. The binding parameters are unaffected by Mn2+, whereas the affinity of this inhibitor is enhanced 3.5-fold by saturation with NADPH. Further evidence for the half-of-the sites reactivity of the affinity label bromopyruvate [Pry, T. A., & Hsu, R. Y. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 4024] is obtained by sequential modification of the four putatively identical SH groups of ME with bromopyruvate, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitro benzoic acid), and K14CN. The modified enzyme has a structure of E4(S-pyr)2(S 14CN)2 and is "inactive" in the reaction with malate. In contrast, the E(S-14CN)4 derivative prepared in the absence of bromopyruvate is completely active. The oxidative decarboxylase reaction is inhibited by high concentrations (greater than or equal to 0.3 mM) of malate in the presence of tightly bound Mn2+. Direct binding studies show a parallel increase in the affinity of NADPH, confirming our previous notion [Reynolds, C. H., Hsu, R. Y., Matthews, B., Pry, T. A., & Daibits the rate-limiting NADPH release step. PMID- 7356972 TI - Kinetic studies of the malic enzyme of pigeon liver. "Half-of-the-sites" behavior of the enzyme tetramer in catalysis and substrate inhibition. PMID- 7356973 TI - Ligand-induced transfer of proteins between phases: dependence upon the strength of ion pair interactions. PMID- 7356974 TI - Biological activity of synthetic molybdenum-iron-sulphur, iron-sulphur and iron selenium analogues of ferredoxin-type centres. AB - The molybdenum-iron-sulphur cluster [Fe6Mo2S8(SCH2CH2OH)9]3-, which contains two Fe3MoS4 cubane-like centres, is the best plausible analogue available to date for the molybdenum site of the nitrogenase enzymes. The iron-sulphur cluster [Fe4S4(S . CH2CH2OH)4]2- and the iron-selenium cluster [Fe4Se4(S . CH2CH2OH)4]2- are structural analogues of the ferredoxin Fe4S4 active centre. All three clusters would replace ferredoxin and mediate electron transfer to Clostridium pasteurianum hydrogenase in a H2-evolving system with sodium dithionite as the electron donor. The clusters would not replace hydrogenases which themselves are unable to evolve H2 from reduced ferredoxins. The molybdenum-iron-sulphur cluster would also replace ferredoxin in a chloroplast-ferredoxin-hydrogenase H2 evolving system. PMID- 7356975 TI - Simulation of grana stacking in a model membrane system. Mediation by a purified light-harvesting pigment-protein complex from chloroplasts. AB - An isolated light-harvesting pigment-protein complex contains polypeptides which bind chlorophyll a and b. The individual complexes can be purified from detergent solubilized membranes. The isolated light-harvesting complex, when dialyzed to remove detergents, was examined by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The material consisted of planar sheets of 80-Angstrom subunits which interacted via an edge-to-edge contact. Addition of cations caused the planar light-harvesting complex sheets to become tightly appressed in multilamellar stacks, with distinct subunits still visible within each lamellar sheet. A transition of particle organization from random to crystalline occurred in parallel with the cation induced lamellar association. Treatment of the dialyzed light-harvesting complex subunits with low levels of the proteolytic enzyme trypsin removed a 2000 molecular weight segment of the major polypeptide of the light-harvesting complex and blocked all subsequent cation-induced changes in structural organization of the isolated light-harvesting complex lamellar sheets. To gain further evidence for mechanisms of cation effects upon the organization of the light-harvesting complex in native membranes, the light-harvesting complex was incorporated into uncharged (phosphatidylcholine) lipid vesicles. The protein complexes spanned the lipid bilayer and were arranged in either a random pattern or in hexagonal crystalline lattices. Addition of either monovalent or divalent cations to "low salt" (20 mM monovalent cation) vesicles containing light-harvesting complex caused extensive regions of membrane appresion to appear. It is concluded that this cation-induced membrane appresion is mediated by surface-exposed segments of the light-harvesting complex since (a) phosphatidylcholine vesicles themselves did not undergo cation-induced aggregation, and (b) mild trypsin digestion of the surface-exposed regions of the light-harvesting complex blocked cation-induced lamellar appresion. The particles in the appressed vesicle membranes tended to form long, linear arrays of particles, with occasional mixed quasi-crystalline arrays with an angular displacement near 72 degrees. Surface-mediated interactions among light-harvesting complex subunits of different membranes are, therefore, related to changes in structural organization and interaction of the particles within the lipid phase of the membrane. Numerous previous studies have implicated the involvement of the light-harvesting complex in mediating grana stocking in intact chloro-last membranes. The data presented herein provide a simulation of the membrane appression phenomena using a single class of chloroplast-derived membrane subunits. The data demonstrate that specific surface localized regions of the light-harvesting complex are involved in membrane membrane interactions. PMID- 7356976 TI - The orientation of the substrate sites of formate dehydrogenase and fumarate reductase in the membrane of Vibrio succinogenes. AB - Formate dehydrogenase and fumarate reductase are involved in the electron transport phosphorylation system of Vibrio succinogenes. The orientation of the active sites of these enzymes in the cytoplasmic membrane of the bacterium was investigated with the aim of elucidating the mechanism of energy transduction. This was done by measuring the accessiblities of the enzymes to substrates, dyes and inhibitors both in cells and in cell-derived particles obtained with the French press. 1. After treatment of the cells with lysozyme and EDTA, followed by fractionation, both enzymes were found exclusively in the membranous fractions, while the periplasmic as well as the cytoplasmic fractions were devoid of both of the enzymic activities. 2. The sites of dye interaction of fumarate reductase were inaccessible to non-permeant dyes in cells, but were fully accessible in French-press particles. The Km for succinate as measured with the permeant methylene blue as acceptor was increased ten fold on lysis of the cells. The Km measured in the particles was similar to that of lysed cells and was not altered by lysis. 3. The rates of formate oxidation in the presence of non-permeant dyes and the Km for formate were unaffected by cell lysis. On lysis of French-press particles, formate oxidation with both permeant and non-permeant acceptors was increased about three fold. The extent of stimulation was not altered by inhibition of the enzymic activities. 4. Succinate oxidation by particles was fully inhibited by 4-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate whereas that of cells was fully resistant. Formate dehydrogenase in cells was inhibited by 4-diazophenyl sulfonate when added together with formate. This compound also inhibited the enzyme in the particles when given in the absence of a lytic agent or after its addition. However, most of the enzyme remained active if the inhibitor was added before the lytic agent. 5. Fumarate and succinate were actively taken up by the cells from the medium, while formate did not even penetrate through the membrane of the bacteria. 6. It is concluded that the substrate and the dye-reactive sites of formate dehydrogenase face the outside, while those of fumarate reductase face the inside of the cytoplasmic membrane of cells of V. succinogenes. About 70% of the French-press particles were inverted with respect to the substrate and dye sites of the enzymes. The membrane is impermeable to formate and does not contain a specific transporter. The electrogenic liberation of protons on the outisde and the uptake of protons from the cytoplasm of the bacteria, which accompany electron transport, can be explained on the basis of the orientation of the substrate sites of the enzymes without net transport of protons across the membrane. PMID- 7356977 TI - Supramolecular organization of chlorosomes (chlorobium vesicles) and of their membrane attachment sites in Chlorobium limicola. AB - The photosynthetic green bacterium Chlorobium limicola 6230 has been examined by freeze-fracture electron microscopy to investigate the size, form, distribution and supramolecular architecture of its chlorosomes (chlorobium vesicles) as well as the chlorosome attachment sites on the cytoplasmic membrane. The oblong chlorosomes that underlie the cytoplasmic membrane show a considerable variation in size from about 40 X 70 nm to 100 X 260 nm and exhibit no particular orientation. The chlorosome core, which appears to be hydrophobic in nature, contains between 10 and 30 rod-shaped elements (approx. 10 nm in diameter) surrounded by an unetchable matrix. The rod elements are closely packed and extend the full length of the chlorosome. Separating the chlorosome core from the cytoplasm is a approx. 3 nm thick lipid-like envelope layer, which exhibits no substructure. A 5-6 nm thick, crystalline baseplate connects the chlorosome to the cytoplasmic membrane. The ridges of the baseplate lattice make an angle of between 40 degrees and 60 degrees with the longitudinal axis of the chlorosome and have a repeating distance of approx. 6 nm. In addition, each ridge exhibits a granular substructure with a periodicity of approx. 3.3 nm. The cytoplasmic membrane regions adjacent to the baseplates are enriched in large (greater than 9 nm) intramembrane particles, most of which belong to approx. 10 nm and approx. 12.5 nm particle size categories. Each chlorosome attachment site contains between 20 and 30 very large (greater than 12.0 nm diameter) intramembrane particles. The following interpretive model of a chlorosome is discussed in terms of biophysical, biochemical and structural information reported by others: it is proposed that the bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c; chlorobium chlorophyll) is located in the rod elements of the core and that it is complexed with specific proteins. The cytoplasm-associated envelope layer is depicted as consisting of a monolayer of galactosyl diacylglycerol molecules. BChl alpha-protein complexes in a planar lattice configuration most likely make up the crystalline baseplate. The greater than 12-nm particles in the chlorosome attachment sites of the cytoplasmic membrane, finally, may correspond to complexes containing a reaction center and non-crystalline light-harvesting BChl alpha. The crystalline nature of the baseplate is consistent with the notion that it serves two functions: besides transferring excitation energy to the reaction centers it could also function as a distributor of this energy amongst the reaction centers. PMID- 7356978 TI - Photooxidative production of carbon monoxide by phototrophic microorganisms. PMID- 7356979 TI - Possible role of protein in photosynthetic electron transfer. AB - Photosynthetic electron transfer is discussed from a theoretical viewpoint. Theoretical description of electron transfer including the effect of low frequency mode of protein is first discussed briefly. Then typical electron transfers in the primary photosynthesis are discussed as examples for the comparison between the theory and experiments. Attention is focussed on the fact that the photosynthetic system organizes a variety of electron transfers in a systematic manner to achieve a vary efficient energy conversion, and it is suggested that the protein environment plays an important role in controlling the rate of electron transfer and maximizing the efficiency of the primary reaction. We emphasize that not only the electronic but also vibrational interactions are important for the regulation of electron transfer. Some novel processes such as activationless and negative activation transfers are shown to be connected with the significance of vibrational factor. PMID- 7356981 TI - The stoichiometry of ion fluxes during Sr2+-induced oscillations in mitochondria. AB - A quantitative study of H+, K+, Sr2+ and succinate fluxes in Sr2+-induced oscillatory state of rat liver mitochondria is presented. It was shown that oscillation of succinate content in mitochondria occurs synchronously with oscillations of the cation fluxes. Total charge transferred across the membrane by the registered cations and the succinate-anion is equal to zero. Passive H+ influx has been calculated at all stages of the oscillatory cycle. The conclusion is made that electroneutral 2 H+/Sr2+ exchange is periodically induced in mitochondria. A value of (2 +/- 0.2) . 10(-7) mol Sr2+/min per mg protein has been determined for Sr2+ by this type of exchange. PMID- 7356980 TI - Photosynthetic apparatus in chilling-sensitive plants. VII. Comparison of the effect of galactolipase treatment of chloroplasts and cold-dark storage of leaves on photosynthetic electron flow. AB - 1. Both galactolipase treatment of tomato chloroplasts and the cold and dark storage of leaves induce a large degradation of chloroplast monogalactosyl diacylglycerol and digalactosyl diacylglycerol as well as an accumulatwon of free fatty acids accompanied by the inhibition of Hill reaction activity with water as electron donor. All these changes are reversed upon illumination of the leaves. 2. Inhibition of diphenylcarbazide (DPC) leads to dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP) activity by free fatty acids released following galactolipase treatment of chloroplasts isolated from either fresh or cold and dark-stored and illuminated leaves is almost completely reversed by either bovine serum albumin or Mn2+, while that in chloroplasts from the cold and dark-stored leaves is reversed by bovine serum albumin and Mn2+ only up to about 60 and 25%, respectively. 3. Fatty acids released during the treatment of chloroplasts with galactolipase affect the electron transport mainly in the same site as exogenous unsaturated fatty acids do, while those released due to endogenous galactolipase activity appear to affect also in the region damaged by either Tris washing of chloroplasts or the cold and dark treatment of leaves. 4. The loss of manganese from chloroplasts (Kaniuga, Z., Zabek, J. and Sochanowicz, B. (1978) Planta 144, 49-56) seems to be the main reason of cold and dark-induced inactivation of Hill reaction activity in chloroplasts of chilling-sensitive plants, while both the degradation of galactolipids and the accumulation of fatty acids are of secondary importance. PMID- 7356982 TI - Effect of bicarbonate and oxaloacetate on malate oxidation by spinach leaf mitochondria. AB - Mitochondria isolated from spinach leaves oxidized malate by both a NAD+-linked malic enzyme and malate dehydrogenase. In the presence of sodium arsenite the accumuation of oxaloacetate and pyruvate during malate oxidation was strongly dependent on the malate concentration, the pH in the reaction medium and the metabolic state condition. Bicarbonate, especially at alkaline pH, inhibited the decarboxylation of malate by the NAD+-linked malic enzyme in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of the reaction products showed that with 15 mM bicarbonate, spinach leaf mitochondria excreted almost exclusively oxaloacetate. The inhibition by oxaloacetate of malate oxidation by spinach leaf mitochondria was strongly dependent on malate concentration, the pH in the reaction medium and on the metabolic state condition. The data were interpreted as indicating that: (a) the concentration of oxaloacetate on both sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane governed the efflux and influx of oxaloacetate; (b) the NAD+/NADH ratio played an important role in regulating malate oxidation in plant mitochondria; (c) both enzymes (malate dehydrogenase and NAD+-linked malic enzyme) were competing at the level of the pyridine nucleotide pool, and (d) the NAD+-linked malic enzyme provided NADH for the reversal of the reaction catalyzed by the malate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7356985 TI - A symbiotic relationship of energy metabolism between a 'non-glycolytic' mammalian red cell and the liver. AB - The red cell of newborn pig loses the ability to carry out glycolysis within a month after birth. The metabolic energy source for this 'non-glycolytic' mammalian red cell is unknown. Hepatectomy of an adult pig results in the loss of red cell ATP with a characteristic half-time of 7--8 h which is identical to the rate with which ATP disappears in the pig cells under in vitro substrate-free incubation. Exposure of pig red cells with either normal or depleted levels of ATP to isolated hepatocytes causes a net synthesis of red cell ATP during a 12 h incubation. These findings suggest that a symbiotic relationship of energy metabolism may exist between the red cell and the liver of the pig. PMID- 7356983 TI - Impaired substrate utilization in mitochondria from strain 129 dystrophic mice. AB - Mitochondria from skeletal muscle, heart and liver of strain 129/ReJ-dy dystrophic mice and their littermate controls were characterized with respect to their respiratory and phosphorylating activities. Skeletal muscle mitochondria from dystrophic mice showed significantly lower state 3 respiratory rates than controls with both pyruvate + malate and succinate as substrates (P less than 0.01). ADP/O and Ca2+/O ratios were found to be normal. A decreased rate of NADH oxidation (0.01 less than P less than 0.05) by sonicated mitochondrial suspensions from dystrophic mice was also seen. High respiratory rates with ascorbate + phenazine methosulfate as substrates indicated that cytochrome oxidase was not rate limiting in the oxidation of either pyruvate + malate or succinate. Skeletal muscle mitochondria from dystrophic mice showed no deficiency in any of the cytochromes or coenzyme Q. Mg2+-stimulated ATPase activity was higher in dystrophic muscle mitochondria than in controls, but basal and oligomycin-insensitive activities were virtually identical to those of controls. A significant reduction inthe intramitochondrial NAD+ content (0.01 less than P less than 0.02) was seen in dystrophic skeletal muscle as compared to controls. Heart mitochondria from dystrophic mice showed similar, though less extensive abnormalities while liver mitochondria were essentially normal. We concluded from these results that skeletal muscle mitochondria from strain 129 dystrophic mice possess impairments in substrate utilization which may result from (1) an abnormality in the transfer of electrons on the substrate side of coenzyme Q in the case of succinate oxidation; (2) a defect on the path of electron flow from NADH to cytochrome c, and (3) a deficiency of NAD+ in the case of NAD+-linked substrates. PMID- 7356986 TI - The relative absorption cross-sections of photosystem I and photosystem II in chloroplasts from three types of Nicotiana tabacum. AB - In the present study we used three types of Nicotiana tabacum, cv John William's Broad Leaf (the wild type and two mutants, the yellow-green Su/su and the yellow Su/su var. Aurea) in order to correlat functional properties of Photosystem II and Photosystem I with the structural organization of their chloroplasts. The effective absorption cross-section of Photosystem II and Photosystem I centers was measured by means of the rate constant of their photoconversion under light limiting conditions. In agreement with earlier results (Okabe, K., Schmid, G.H. and Straub, J. (1977) Plant Physiol. 60, 150--156) the photosynthetic unit size for both System II and System I in the two mutants was considerably smaller as compared to the wild type. We observed biphasic kinetics in the photoconversion of System II in all three types of N. tabacum. However, the photoconversion of System I occurred with monophasic and exponential kinetics. Under our experimental conditions, the effective cross-section of Photosystem I was comparable to that of the fast System II component (alpha centers). The relative amplitude of the slow System II component (beta centers) varied between 30% in the wild type to 70% in the Su/su var. Aurea mutant. The increased fraction of beta centers is correlated with the decreased fraction of appressed photosynthetic membranes in the chloroplasts of the two mutants. As a working hypothesis, it is suggested that beta centers are located on photosynthetic membranes directly exposed to the stroma medium. PMID- 7356984 TI - The effect of metal ions on mitochondrial pyridine dinucleotide transhydrogenase. AB - Bovine heart submitochondrial particle transhydrogenase is inhibited by cations in a concentration and pH-dependent manner, and non-energy-linked transhydrogenation is inhibited to a greater extent by metals than the energy linked reaction. The inhibition of the enzyme by Mg2+ is competitive with the NADP substrate and non-competitive with the NAD substrate. Mg2+ stimulates inactivation of the enzyme by 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), and protects against thermal and proteolytic inactivation. This suggests that Mg2+ binding in the NADP site alters transhydrogenase to a more thermostable conformation, which is less susceptible to attack by trypsin and more reactive with 5,5'-dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoic acid). Other cation inhibitors mimic Mg2+ in these properties. The order of effectiveness of the inhibitors tested is La3+ greater than Mn2+ greater than Ca2+ congruent to Mg2+ greater than Sr2+ greater than Na+ congruent to K+. This order is described by the Irving-Williams order for the stability of metal ligand complexes, suggesting that carboxylates or amines may comprise the inhibitory cation binding site. PMID- 7356987 TI - Electrochromic absorbance changes in spinach chloroplasts induced by an external electrical field. AB - Absorbance changes induced by electrical field pulses were studied in osmotically swollen spinach chloroplasts. The results and their interpretation on the basis of the geometry and electrical properties of the material may be summarized as follows: 1. The spherical vesicles, 'blebs', formed upon dilution of a chloroplast suspension consist of only a single membrane, while part of the thylakoid system remains concentrated in a few patches on its surface. 2. When an electrical field pulse is applied, an up to 3000-fold enhanced field is built up in the membrane, with a time constant of about 20 mus. From this the specific capacitance of the bleb wall was found to be 2 microF . CM-2. 3. The electrical field in the membrane causes several absorbance changes of the photosynthetic pigments with different dependencies on the direction of polarization of the measuring light. Some of these are due to field-induced changes in orientation, in particular of chlorophyll alpha, and have a relaxation time of less than 100 mus. Most of the absorbance changes directly reflect the kinetics of the membrane potential and can be ascribed to electrochromic shifts of photosynthetic pigments, mainly of carotenoids. 4. The carotenoid absorbance changes depend quadratically on the membrane potential; an apparent saturation at high applied field strengths is ascribed to dielectric breakdown at a membrane potential of about 1 V. 5. All carotenoids in the membrane contribute to the absorbance changes induced by an externally applied field, whereas the well-known light induced electrochromic absorbance change at 518 nm is mainly caused by a minor fraction of permanently polarized and spectrally red-shifted carotenoids. A computer simulation showed that this interpretation quantitatively explains the results and requires no unreasonable values of the various parameters involved. PMID- 7356989 TI - 9-Aminoacridine fluorescence changes as a measure of surface charge density of the thylakoid membrane. AB - 1. When suspended in a low cation-containing medium, chloroplast thylakoid membranes and carboxymethyl-cellulose particles quench the fluorescence from 9 aminoacridine (Searle, G.F.W. and Barber, J. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 502, 309--320). 2. Relief of this quenching is achieved by adding cations to the suspension medium with the order of effectiveness being C3+ greater than C2+ greater than C+, indicating that the fluorescence acts as an indicator of the surface electrical potential. 3. Using the Gouy-Chapman theory, the differential effect of divalent (methyl viologen) and monovalent (K+) cations has been used to calculate surface charge densities. 4. The calculations indicate that the surface charge density on the thylakoids significantly increases when cations are added to the low cation-containing medium. Under the same conditions the surface charge density of glutaraldehyde-fixed thylakoids and carboxymethyl-cellulose particles remained essentially constant. 5. It is argued that the 9-aminoacridine technique is able to probe localized areas on the membrane surface and that the variability of the surface charge density of untreated thylakoids may be due to redistribution of charges associated with membrane stacking as suggested by Barber and Chow (Barber, J. and Chow, W.S. (1979) FEBS Lett. 105, 5--10). PMID- 7356988 TI - Carotenoid transformations underlying the blue absorbance change in flashed leaves during the induction of oxygen evolution. AB - The blue absorbance change occurring in flashed bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaves when exposed to continuous light (first observed by Strasser; Strasser, R.J. (1973) Arch. Int. Physiol. Biochem. 81, 935--955) is caused by the conversion of the following xanthophylls: violaxanthine leads to antheraxanthine leads to zeaxanthine. This conclusion is derived from the simultaneous occurrence of both reactions: (a) In flashed leaves, blue absorbance change and xanthophyll conversion take place under strong (2 mW . cm-2) but not under weak (0.02 mW . cm 2) white light. (b) In chloroplasts isolated from flashed leaves, the blue absorbance change occurs in the dark under conditions that also induce the xanthophyll conversion. (c) Blue absorbance change and xanthophyll conversion are both inhibited by dithiothreitol. In addition, the light-induced blue absorbance change is reversed in the dark if aerobic conditions are maintained, i.e. under conditions that in normal leaves favor the reversal of the above reaction sequence. The significance of the xanthophyll conversion is discussed in relation to other phenomena occurring in flashed leaves after exposure to continuous illumination. PMID- 7356990 TI - The onset of photophosphorylation correlates with the rise in transmembrane electrochemical proton gradients. AB - The onset of photophosphorylation was determined by exposing chloroplast thylakoids to either single or multiple light flashes of varying duration. In aggreement with the results of Ort et al. (Ort, D.R., Dilley, R.A. and Good, N.E. (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 449, 108--124), the permeant buffer imidazole in the presence of valinomycin and K+ did not greatly delay the onset of phosphorylation driven by multiple activation. In single flashes, however, the lag in the development of phosphorylation was much longer and imidazole caused a further delay. A significant delta pH was generated by the multiple flash regime. The onset of photophosphorylation is, therefore, consistent with the rise in transmembrane delta pH. PMID- 7356991 TI - Different isometric force - [Ca2+] relationships in slow and fast twitch skinned muscle fibres of the rat. AB - Skinned muscle fibres prepared from fast and slow twitch muscles of rat have been activated in Ca2+-buffered solutions using a new activation procedure (Moisescu, D.G. and Thieleczek, R. (1978) J. Physiol. 275, 241--262). The results indicate that (i) the Ca2+ activation curve is less steep for slow fibres, (ii) physiologically relevant force levels are attained considerably faster at constant [Ca2+] in fast fibres, and (iii) active force becomes noticeable at lower [Ca2+], but reaches saturation at higher [Ca2+] for slow fibres. PMID- 7356992 TI - Glutathione and the mitochondrial reduction of hydroperoxides. AB - Various organic hydroperoxides are reduced when added to rat liver mitochondrial suspensions. Succinate increases the rate and duration of the reductions except for linoleic acid hydroperoxide which appears to inhibit its own reduction. 3 Hydroxybutyrate replaces succinate but other reductants used are less effective. The rate of reduction of tert-butyl hydroperoxide by succinate is not inhibited by cyanide but is partly inhibited if antimycin or rotenone are also added; ATP reverses the antimycin inhibition. Other inhibitors include the uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyhydrazone, ADP + Pi, the thiol reagents N ethylmaleimide and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and inhibitors of the mitochondrial transport of carboxylic acids. In some cases, the GSH concentration of the mitochondria during the reductions correlates with the reduction rate (e.g. with succinate and after N-ethylmaleimide) but in others it is dissociated. The results suggest that hydroperoxide reduction requires the GSH-glutathione peroxidase pathway but that entry of the oxidants into the mitochondrial matrix is also an energy-dependent step. PMID- 7356993 TI - Relation between energy production and adenine nucleotide metabolism in human blood platelets. PMID- 7356994 TI - Light-dark adaptation of bacteriorhodopsin in triton-treated purple membrane. AB - Solubilization of purple membrane with Triton X-100 yields Triton micelles containing bacteriorhodopsin monomers. The absorption maximum of dark-adapted solubilized bacteriorhodopsin is blue-shifted to 549 nm. Light adaption increases the absorbance by 4% and shifts the absorption maximum to 553 nm, i.e., the extent of light adaptation is considerably less than in intact purple membrane. Extraction of dark-adapted bacteriorhodopsin in Triton yields a 13-cis- to all trans-retinal ratio of 58 : 42 which changes after light adaptation to 38 : 62. It has been shown by Sperling et al. (Sperling, W., Carl, P., Rafferty, Ch.N. and Dencher, N.A. (1977) Biophys. Struct. Mech. 3, 79-94) that light adaptation in intact purple membrane occurs through a branching of the 13-cis photoreaction cycle, so that part of the pigment during each cycle crosses over into the all trans photoreaction cycle. We explain the decreased extent of light adaptation in solubilized bacteriorhodopsin by assuming a significant back reaction from the all-trans to the 13-cis cycle. This assumption predicts a wavelength dependence of the extent of light adaptation, which is born out by experiment. PMID- 7356995 TI - Energy charge, phosphorylation potential and proton motive force in chloroplasts. AB - Adenylate concentrations were measured in intact chloroplasts under a variety of conditions. Energy charge was significant in the dark and increased in the light, but remained far below values expected from observed phosphorylation potentials in broken chloroplasts, which were 80 000 M-1 or more in the light. With nitrite as electron acceptor, phosphorylation potentials in intact chloroplasts were about 80 M-1 in the dark and only 300 M-1 in the light. Similar phosphorylation potentials were observed, when oxaloacetate, phosphoglycerate or bicarbonate were used as substrates. delta G'ATP was -42 kJ/mol in darkened intact chloroplasts, 46 kJ/mol in illuminated intact chloroplasts and -60 kJ/mol in illuminated broken chloroplasts. Uncoupling by NH4Cl, which stimulated electron transport to nitrite or oxaloacetate and decreased the proton gradient, failed to decrease the phosphorylation potential of intact chloroplasts. Also, it did not increase the quantum requirement of CO2 reduction. It is concluded that the proton motive force as conventionally measured and phosphorylation potentials are far from equilibrium in intact chloroplasts. The insensitivity of CO2 reduction and of the phosphorylation potential to a decrease in the proton motive force suggests that intact chloroplasts are over-energized even under low intensity illumination. However, such a conclusion is at variance with available data on the magnitude of the proton motive force. PMID- 7356996 TI - A differential scanning calorimetry study of the interaction of gangliosides with peanut lectin, serotonin and daunomycin. AB - Thermotropic behaviour of human Tay-Sachs ganglioside and of mixed bovine brain gangliosides, before and after interaction with peanut lectin, serotonin and daunomycin, was investigated. Interaction of mixed brain gangliosides with peanut lectin or serotonin causes a decrease in the enthalpy of melting, whereas interaction of this lectin with Tay-Sachs ganglioside does not influence the enthalpy of melting. Serotonin causes a small increase in the enthalpy of melting of the Tay-Sachs ganglioside. PMID- 7356997 TI - Phosphatidylinositol distribution and translocation in sonicated vesicles. A study with exchange protein and phospholipase C. AB - The distribution of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine in sonicated phospholipid vesicles (phosphatidylcholine : diphosphatidylglycerol : phosphatidylinositol, 90 : 5 : 5 mol%) has been determined by the use of exchange protein from beef heart and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from Staphylococcus aureus. Approximately 70% of the phosphatidylinositol in the sonicated vesicles was accessible to the exchange protein and 70--75% was accessible to the phospholipase C. A similar proportion (65%) of the phosphatidylcholine was accessible to the exchange protein suggesting that phosphatidylinositol was not preferentially located in either surface of the phospholipid bilayer. The rate of translocation of both phospholipids was very slow but the rate for phosphatidylcholine (t 1/2 = 4--7 days) appeared to be greater than that for phosphatidylinositol (t 1/2 = 8--60 days). Production of asymmetric vesicles by removing phosphatidylinositol from the outer surface with either exchange protein or phospholipase C did not induce rapid phospholipid translocation. PMID- 7356998 TI - Testing carrier models of cotransport using the binding kinetics of non transported competitive inhibitors. AB - The kinetic equations representing the binding of a non-transported competitive inhibitor are derived from three variations of the carrier model of cotransport. These are (a) the model in which the binding sequence of activator and substrate is random (random bi-bi); (b) the model in which activator must bind before substrate (ordered bi-bi, activator essential), and (c) the model in which substrate must bind before activator (ordered bi-bi, activator non-essential). In general it is found that the kinetic equations for inhibitor binding are considerably simpler and easier to test than the corresponding transport equations. The effect of trans-inhibitor, transported substrate, activator concentration and membrane potential on inhibitor binding are examined in some detail. The use of these results to test and characterize the three transport models is emphasized. Applications to transport mechanisms which are not of the mobile carrier type are also discussed. A summary of relevant experimental data interpreted in terms of the theoretical models concludes the paper. PMID- 7356999 TI - Amino acid carriers at maternal and fetal surfaces of the placenta by single circulation paired-tracer dilution. Kinetics of phenylalanine transport. AB - The unidirectional uptake into the trophoblast of L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L phenylalanine, L-tryptophan, L-methionine and L-tyrosine from either the maternal or fetal circulations of an isolated dually-perfused guinea-pig placenta was studied using a single circulation paired-tracer dilution technique. Significant and equal uptakes were found on both sides. L-Phenylalanine uptake kinetics on the fetal side indicated an apparent Km of 17.0 mM and a V of 8.2 mumol/min per g. PMID- 7357000 TI - Effects of dexamethasone on the fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene in HeLa cells. AB - Treatment of HeLa cells for 24 h with dexamethasone resulted in lower steady state polarization values of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in both intact cells and dispersions of whole cell lipid extracts. Dexamethasone also reduced the polarization values in isolated membrane fractions from treated cells. These effects are similar to the effect of 25-hydroxycholesterol, a potent inhibitor of cellular sterol synthesis. PMID- 7357001 TI - Study of the interaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with DNA. AB - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase binds to homologous and heterologous single-stranded but not double-stranded DNA. Binding to RNA, poly(A) and poly(dA dT) has also been observed. Enzyme binding to these nucleic acids leads to the formation of an insoluble complex which can be sedimented at low speed. The interaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with DNA is strongly inhibited by NAD and NADH but not by NADP. Adenine nucleotides, which inhibit the dehydrogenase activity by competing with NAD for its binding site (Yang, S.T. and Deal, W.C., Jr. (1969) Biochemistry 8, 2806--2813), also inhibit enzyme binding to DNA, whereas glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and inorganic phosphate are non inhibitory. These results suggest that DNA interacts through the NAD binding sites of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. In accordance with this idea, it was found that DNA also binds to lactate dehydrogenase, an enzyme containing a similar dinucleotide binding domain, and that this binding is inhibited by NADH. A study of the base specificity of the DNA-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase interaction using dinucleoside monophosphates shows that inhibition of DNA binding by the dinucleotides requires the presence of a 3'-terminal adenosine and is greater when the 5'-terminus contains a pyrimidine instead of a purine. These results suggest that the dinucleotides bind at the NAD site of the dehydrogenase and that the enzyme would interact preferentially with PypA dinucleotides present in the nucleic acid. PMID- 7357002 TI - Purification and properties of a DNA ligase from a soluble DNA replication complex. AB - A DNA ligase has been purified from a subnuclear soluble replication complex isolated from adenovirus type 2-infected human KB cells. DNA ligase activity could not be demonstrated using an exogenous template until the complex was dissociated, suggesting that the ligase activity may be a component of the complex. The purified enzyme was free of endonuclease, exonuclease, 5' nucleotidase, and phosphatase activities, and had a molecular weight of 105 000, as estimated by sedimentation in a glycerol gradient. The ligase requires ATP and a divalent cation for activity. The optimum of the reaction is at pH 7.8 in 50- 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer and 10--20 mM MgCl2. Monovalent salts greatly stimulate ligase activity and the optimum was found at 150 mM. The reaction is very sensitive to high temperature; maximum activity was observed at 25--30 degrees C. ATP is the sole required cofactor and NAD, dATP and GTP could not replace the requirement for ATP. The Km for ATP is 60 microM. The Km for DNA is 250 microgram/ml or 1.6 nmol of terminal phosphate/ml and thus the enzyme shows relatively weak affinity for exogenous DNA. The maximum conversion of 32P into a phosphatase-resistant form is approximately 1.3% of the total, whereas T4 ligase, under the same conditions, can convert more than 25% of phosphate into a resistant form. PMID- 7357003 TI - Changes in DNA alkali-sensitive sites during senescence and establishment of fibroblasts in vitro. AB - DNA molecular weight was studied in human embryonic and mouse newborn lung fibroblasts in vitro at different passages of the culture using alkaline and neutral sucrose gradient techniques. Reduction of molecular weight of single stranded DNA due to alkaline-sensitive sites appeared spontaneously during the growth decline of the mouse cells. These changes disappeared when the mouse fibroblasts became a permanent cell line. At the end of phase II of the human fibroblasts, the molecular weight of single-stranded DNA also decreased, followed by the restitution of some high molecular weight DNA in the ultimate passages. When treated with 1 mM caffeine, the mouse fibroblasts during growth crisis did not survive, while cells of the established line resisted. Thus it might be possible that a DNA repair process was involved in the recovery of the mouse fibroblasts. Furthermore, results favor the hypothesis that the cells that become established are not present in the primary culture but originate in vitro. PMID- 7357004 TI - High-pressure scattering study of Artemia salina ribosomes and polysomes. AB - The intensity has been measured of the light scattered by solutions of brine shrimp (Artemia salina) ribosomes and polysomes under hydrostatic pressures up to 2000 atm. This has given information about pressure-induced decreases in the means weight of the particles in solutions containing different concentrations of K+ and Mg2+ ions. The dissociation-association equilibrium reaction ribosome formed from large subunit + small subunit is accompanied by a volume change, - 200 less than delta V less than --300 ml/mol; this delta V is discussed with relation to different models for the interaction between the ribosome subunits. The application of high pressures on polysome solutions caused also decreases of the light scattering; these were slower than in the case of ribosomes, and nonexponential. Only small decreases were found for ribosomes attached to messenger-RNA, which were obtained by incubation of polysomes with pancreatic RNAase. After fixation of the ribsomes and polysomes with formaldehyde, the light scattering remained constant with increasing pressures. PMID- 7357005 TI - Antigenicity of histones in various chromatins. AB - Antisera specific to purified histone fractions are used to assess the antigenicity of the histones present in chromatin derived from various sources. The results indicate that the antigenicity of the histones present in chromatin is markedly diminished as compared to the antigenicity of the histones free in solution. The antigenicity of histones in chromatins derived from three different tissues of the rat is very similar. The antigenicity of the histones present in chromatin derived from calf thymus is higher than that of the histones present in rat thymus. It is concluded that the major reason for diminished antigenicity of histones in chromatin is that the histones are complexed in the nucleosome conformation and that the antigenic determinants residing in histones in various chromatins are exposed to similar degrees. PMID- 7357006 TI - Nucleosome repeat lengths in the definitive erythroid series of the adult chicken. AB - Morris [1] has suggested that the difference in nucleosome repeat length between chicken liver (200 base pairs) and mature chicken erythrocytes (212 base pairs) may be due to the presence of histone H5 which is found in chicken erythroid cells but not in other tissues. Levels of H5 increase during erythroid maturation in the adult chicken. To determine what influence H5 might have on repeat length, erythroid populations at various stages of maturation were isolated, and repeat lengths and levels of H5 were determined. Bone marrow cells from anemic chickens were cultured in vitro to permit non-cycling erythroblasts to mature and thus increase in density. Less dense cycling basophilic erythroblasts were then isolated by buoyant density centrifugation. This erythroblasts were then isolated by buoyant density centrifugation. This population has a repeat length of 205 base pairs and an H5 content roughly two-thirds that of mature erythrocytes, which have a repeat length of 212 base pairs. A population intermediate in maturation, consisting of cells of the anemic pheripheral blood, has a repeat length of 218 base pairs, and the predominant cell type in this population has an H5 content greater than that of mature erythrocytes. Therefore, changes in histone H5 content are reflected by the nucleosome repeat length during erythroid maturation. PMID- 7357007 TI - Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase in regenerating rat liver by acute ethanol treatment. PMID- 7357008 TI - Involvement of tyrosyl residues in the substrate binding of pigeon liver malic enzyme. AB - The reactions of pigeon liver malic enzyme (L-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating), EC 1.1.1.40) with tetranitromethane and N acetylimidazole have been investigated to obtain information about the functional role of tyrosine residues in this enzyme. Incubation of the sulfhydryl-masked enzyme with tetranitromethane or N-acetylimidazole caused a time-dependent loss of all enzymatic activities of this enzyme. The absorption spectra of both the nitrated and acetylated enzyme indicated modification of tyrosine residues. The enzymatic activity of the acetylated enzyme was reversed by hydroxylamine. No amino group modification was observed. Preincubation of the enzyme with dicarboxylate substrate (or inhibitor), nucleotide coenzyme and divalent metal ions protected the enzyme against these reagents. The acetylated enzyme showed different kinetic properties from the native enzyme. The apparent Michaelis constants for malate and oxaloacetate increase by 2-5-fold. The binding between acetylated enzyme and NADPH was not abolished. These results strongly suggest the involvement of tyrosine residues in the dicarboxylic acid binding of malic enzyme. PMID- 7357009 TI - Effects of structures of tetrahydropterin cofactors on rat brain tryptophan hydroxylase. AB - Effects of structures of the side chain at position 6 of 12 tetrahydropterin cofactors including 4 stereoisomers of tetrahydrobiopterin and tetrahydroneopterin on the activity of rat brain tryptophan hydroxylase were examined. Tetrahydrobiopterins and tetrahydroeneopterins having a side chain of a L-erythro or or D-threo configuration showed lower Km values for both the pterin cofactor and tryptophan substrate and also higher V values than their enantiomers. L-erythro-Tetrahydrobiopterin had the highest cofactor activity among all the pterin cofactors examined. Since reduction of biopterin to tetrahydrobiopterin introduces another center of asymmetry at 6-position of the pterin ring, L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin obtained by chemical reduction is a mixture of two diastereoisomers. The two diastereoisomers of L-erythro- tetrahydrobiopterin, i.e. (6R)-L-erythro-tetrahydropterin and the (6S)-isomer were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and were examined for their cofactor activity. The two diastereoisomers gave similar Km values toward pterin itself and toward tryptophan, but the natural (6R)-isomer gave much higher V values than the (6S)-isomer; the (6S)-isomer was nearly inactive for rat brain tryptophan hydroxylase because of its very low V value. These results support the hypothesis that (6R)-L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin may be the natural cofactor of rat brain tryptophan hydroxylase. PMID- 7357011 TI - Partial purification and properties of a specific glucokinase from Streptococcus mutans SL-1. AB - The presence of glucokinase (ATP:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.2) activity in seven strains of oral streptococci is demonstrated. The glucokinase purified from Streptococcus mutans SL-1 cells is shown to be a highly specific enzyme, phosphorylating only glucose (eight sugars tested). The enzyme is a true glucokinase: formation of the product, shown here to be glucose 6-phosphate, is dependent on the presence of glucose, ATP, divalent metal ion and enzyme. The Km for glucose is 1.40 mM, the pH optimum for the enzyme is a broad plateu from pH 7.1 to 9.5 and the molecular weight is estimated to be 40 000. The finding of a glucokinase in oral streptococci indicates the existence of an intracellular mechanism of glucose phosphorylation. The implications of this observation are discussed. PMID- 7357010 TI - Isolation and properties of crystalline quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase from hog kidney. AB - Crystalline quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (nicotinatenucleotide: pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (carboxylating), EC 2.4.2.19) was isolated from hog kidney and compared with the same enzyme prepared from hog liver. The enzyme preparation was homogeneous as shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation analysis. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 220 000 and the subunit 35 000. The physicochemical properties of the enzyme were: sedimentation coefficient (S200,W), 7.75 . 10(-13) s; difussion coefficient (D200,W), 5.04 . 10(-7) cm2/s; Stokes radius, 62.05 A, frictional ratio (f/f0), 1.62 and isoelectric point (pI), 4.5. The enzyme was stable at 37 degrees C for 30 min between pH 4.5 and 9.5. Enzyme activity was inhibited by various carboxylic acids; however, this inhibition was reversed by raising the Mg2+ concentration. Optimum pH was 5.5, and no detectable amounts of Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Ca2+ were found by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The enzyme was found to contain sugar. Mg2+ was completely replaceable by Mn2+. The reaction mechanism of this enzyme was suggested to be of the 'ping-pong' type. Km values of quinolinic acid and 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate were 4 . 10(-5) and 1.4 . 10(-4) M, respectively. PMID- 7357012 TI - 'Inverse' substrates for butyrylcholinesterase. AB - 1. 'Inverse'-type substrates for butyrylcholinesterase (acylcholine acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.8), i.e., p- and o-nitrophenyl esters of (3 carboxypropyl)-trimethylammonium iodide, (4-carboxybutyl)trimethylammonium iodide and (5-carboxypentyl)trimethylammonium iodide were prepared, and their kinetic parameters for butyrylcholinesterase-catalyzed hydrolysis were determined. 2. The hydrolysis of these 'inverse'-type substrates were found to proceed through specific binding with the enzyme and efficient production of acyl enzyme intermediates, a pathway essentially identical with that followed by choline esters, normal type substrates. PMID- 7357013 TI - Inactivation of adenylate cyclase by phenylglyoxal and other dicarbonyls. Evidence for existence of essential arginyl residues. AB - Rat brain adenylate cyclase (ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1) activity was markedly reduced when the enzyme was preincubated at 23 degrees C for periods up to 30 min with phenylglyoxyal (2.5-20 mM), an agent that binds specifically to arinyl residues. The kinetics indicated the interaction of phenylgloxal with one arginyl residue was responsible for the inactivation. Protection of inactivation of the enzyme by phenylglyoxal was attained in the presence of ATP and to a lesser extent by ADP and 5'-AMP but not by cyclic-AMP or Mg2+. In addition, 2,3-butanedione and 1,2-hexanedione, compounds that also react with arginyl residues, each inactivated adenylate cyclase to varying degrees. Furthermore, this inactivation was enhanced in the presence of borate ions. These observations strongly suggest that brain adenylate cyclase possesses essential arginyl residues. PMID- 7357014 TI - Mechanism of inhibition of iodothyronine-5'-deiodinase by thioureylenes and sulfite. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that thiouracil inhibits the 5'-deiodination of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine uncompetitively with respect to substrate and competitively with respect to cofactor (thiol compounds). This paper shows that sulfite is also a strong inhibitor of this reaction showing a dose-dependent effect between 1 microM and 1 mM. The mode of inhibition is similar to that described for thiouracil. Dose-dependent inhibition was also observed with thiosulfate (0.01-1 mM), iodide and thiocyanate (both greater than 1 mM). No effect was exerted by up to 10 mM cyanide and up to 100 mM azide. Methimazole and thiourea were weak inhibitors above 0.1 mM but inhibition did not reach completion. These experiments were carried out in the presence of 1 mM dithiothreitol. The effect of thiouracil was found to be competitively obviated by methimazole and thiourea. However, the effect of sulfite and that of methimazole or thiourea were additive. It is proposed that an enzyme-sulfenyl iodide is formed during deiodination (ping-pong mechanism). This sulfenyl iodide may be reduced by cofactor to yield native enzyme. It may also react with thioureylenes, yielding mixed disulfides, or with sulfite, yielding a thiosulfate. The enzyme-methimazole disulfide is apparently less stable than the enzyme-thiouracil complex. It is suggested that sulfite also reacts with the enzyme-thioureylene disulfide. PMID- 7357015 TI - Molecular weight of the undegraded polypeptide chain of Pseudomonas amyloderamosa isoamylase. AB - Crystalline isoamylase of Pseudomonas amyloderamosa was found to be contaminated with a trace of proteolytic enzyme. This contaminant digested the isoamylase under neutral or alkaline conditions, especially in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). A reliable molecular weight of the enzyme was obtained by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by gel filtration on Sepharose-6B in 6 M guanidine-hydrochloride after heat inactivation of the contaminant. The molecular weight of the undergraded polypeptide chain of the isoamylase was about 90 000. The lower molecular weight and the subunit structure of the enzyme reported previously are incorrect. PMID- 7357016 TI - Characterization of liver prenyl transferase and its inactivation by phenylglyoxal. AB - The two interconvertible forms of pig liver prenyl transferase, A and B, consist of two identical subunits of Mr = 38 500 and are dimers. Form A contains six titratable SH-groups, whereas form B contains only four per dimer. The amino acid composition of the two forms is otherwise identical. Both enzyme forms are inactivated by phenylglyoxal. The inactivation in the absence of Mg2+ or Mn2+ is biphasic, each phase following pseudo first-order kinetics and is accompanied by a proportional binding of [14C]phenylglyoxal to the protein. In the initial fast phase of inactivation (t1/2 = 9.6 min) the amount of [14C]phenylglyoxal bound to the enzyme extrapolated to 1.1 arginyl residues and in the second phase (t1/2 = 23 min) to 2.2 arginyl residues modified per subunit for complete inactivation. 1 mM Mg2+ and 0.1 mM Mn2+ abolished the initial fast rate of inactivation and reduced its rate to a single half-life of about 60 min. Even at this slow rate of inactivation in the presence of Mg2+, the amount of [14C]phenylglyoxal bound to the enzyme extrapolated to about 2.3 arginyl residues modified per subunit for complete inactivation. In the absence of Mg2+ or Mn2+ only 1 mM geranyl pyrophosphate protected the enzyme against inactivation. However, in the presence of 1 mM Mg2+, isopentenyl, dimethylallyl and geranyl pyrophosphates gave additional protection over that observed with the metal ions, geranyl pyrophosphate being the most effective at 0.1 mM concentration. PMID- 7357017 TI - Extraction and partial purification of acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine acyltransferase from rat liver microsomes. AB - Acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.23) was extracted from rat liver microsomes with an aqueous dispersion of 1-acyl-sn glycero-3-phosphocholine, a substrate of the enzyme, and purified up to 30-fold. The procedure includes removal of unrelevant proteins and lipids by washings of microsomes with a buffer of high ionic strength and with buffers containing detergents, extraction of the enzyme with an aqueous dispersion of 1-acyl-sn glycero-3-phosphocholine, and chromatography by gel filtration. The acyltransferase was eluted from a Ultrogel AcA 34 column at a position with a Kav of 0.122; an elution position of a protein with a molecular weight of 225 000. The partially purified enzyme was active over a wide range of pH with an optimum at around pH 8. Depending on the acyl donors, different rates of the reaction were obtained by the preparation. The order was: arachidonoyl-CoA greater than linoleoyl-CoA = oleoyl-CoA greater than palmitoyl-CoA. The enzyme preparation acylated 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho ethanolamine and 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol but not acylated 2-acyl-sn glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate or diacylglycerol. Some sulfhydryl-binding reagents inactivated the enzyme. PMID- 7357019 TI - Evidence for active phospholipase A in mouse plasma. AB - Mouse, rat and human plasma were exposed to minimum concentrations of disulphide or minimum pre-incubation at 55 degrees C in order to inhibit lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase activity completely. The plasma samples were subsequently incubated at 37 degrees C and changes in individual phospholipid concentrations determined. Significant utilization of phosphatidylcholine and formation of lysophosphatidylcholine occurred only in disulphide-treated mouse plasma and this was accompanied by a decrease in total phospholipid concentration. When disulphide-treated mouse plasma was incubated with [U 14C]phosphatidylcholine radioactivity was additionally recovered in the lysophosphatidylcholine, non-esterified fatty acid and glycero-3-phosphocholine fractions; maximum conversion occurred at close to physiological pH. These observations suggest that phospholipase A and lysophosphatidylcholine hydrolase enzymes are active in mouse plasma but that phospholipase A is either absent or inactive in rat and human plasma. PMID- 7357018 TI - Substrate specificity of squalene synthetase. AB - 22 artificial homologues of farnesyl pyrophosphate were examined for the reactivity as substrate for squalene synthetase of pig liver microsomes. 16 of the homologues were found to be reactive to give corresponding squalene-like products. Extention of the omega-terminal of the carbon chain of farnesyl pyrophosphate is acceptable to the enzyme at least by two carbon atoms in either trans or cis direction (2E,6E)-3,7,11-Trimethyldodeca-2,6-dienyl- and (2E,6E)-3,7 dimethyldodeca-2,6-dienyl pyrophosphates are both good substrates, whereas (2E,6E)-3,7-dimethylundeca-2,6-dienyl-, (2E,6E)-3,7-dimethyl-trideca-2,6-dienyl-, (2E,6E)-3,7-dimethyltetradeca-2,6-dienyl-, (2E,6E)-3,7,10-trimethylundeca-2,6 dienyl-, and (2E,6E)-3,7,12-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienyl pyrophosphates are poor substrates. These results indicate that the carbon chain length rather than 10,11 double bond is important for the reactivity as substrate. Replacement of 3-methyl of farnesyl pyrophosphate by an ethyl group or introduction of a methyl group at C-4 results in a complete loss of activity. PMID- 7357020 TI - Identification and partial purification of a hydrophobic protein component associated with [3H]spiroperidol-binding activity. AB - The binding activity of radiolabelled neuroleptic drugs has been used to biochemically and pharmacologically characterize the dopamine receptor in brain. An extract which binds [3H]spiroperidol and exhibits stereoselectivity for (+)- and (-)-butaclamol, has been isolated from the calf striatal microsomal fraction. Specific binding activity in the chloroform-methanol extract of this preparation is enhanced over that of the crude homogenate. The highest specific binding of the chloroform methanol extract is associated with the crude phospholipid component which is enriched in hydrophobic proteins and acidic phospholipids. Subfractionation of the crude phospholipid extract by gel filtration (Sephadex LH 20) yields multiple peaks of [3H]spiroperidol binding activity, however four major zones of specific binding activity were detected. These results demonstrating a close association of phospholipids with a dopamine binding site suggest a functional role for proteolipid in receptor recognition and regulation. PMID- 7357024 TI - Assessment of fatty acids in dog left ventricular myocardium. AB - The concentration and composition of fatty acids in four lipid classes in biopsies of dog left ventricular myocardium were determined, using gas-liquid chromatography. When precautions were taken to minimize lipolysis during storage of the tissue and the homogenization process, the following results were obtained: 29 +/- 10 nmol non-esterified fatty acids, 2.98 +/- 2.41 mumol triacylglycerol, 149 +/- 51 nmol cholesteryl esters and 23.76 +/- 3.38 mumol phospholipid (expressed as fatty acid moiety per gram of wet tissue). The concentration of non-esterified fatty acids was 15 to 300 times lower than reported in literature. The main constituents of the non-esterified fatty acids were palmitic, stearic and oleic acid. Triacylglycerol consisted of approximately 40% esterified oleic acid. Linoleic acid accounted for 40% of the fatty acids in the cholesteryl-esters class. More than half of the fatty acid moiety of total phospholipids was linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. PMID- 7357021 TI - Purification of rat liver lysosomal cholesteryl ester hydrolase. AB - An acidic cholesteryl ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.13) from rat liver lysosomes was purified approximately 120-fold with 5% recovery of the original homogenate activity. The sequential steps were: digitonin solubilization, agarose gel filtration, DEAE-agarose and CM-agarose column chromatography. The enzyme was at least 90% pure as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It exhibited a molecular weight of about 60 000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis and gel filtration. The soluble enzyme required substrate which was incorporated into phospholipid vehicles for optimal activity. On the contrary, aggregates of the enzyme required a substrate preparation that involved the direct addition of cholesteryl ester in acetone. The enzyme also catalyzed the hydrolysis of emulsions of triacylglycerol. The ratio of the two activities remained almost constant during purification suggesting that the two activities (EC 3.1.1.13 and EC 3.1.1.3, respectively) may be the result of the broad specificity of one enzyme. The effects of some inhibitors and some properties of the enzyme have been studied and discussed. PMID- 7357023 TI - Effect of size and competition by lipoproteins and apolipoproteins on the uptake of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants by hepatoma cells in culture. PMID- 7357025 TI - Major proteins secreted by the epididymis of Lacerta vivipara. Isolation and characterization by electrophoresis of the central core. AB - Lizard epididymis produces large secretory granules (6 micrometer) which are discharged and mix with the spermatozoa. They consist of a dense central core and a peripheral vacuole. Central cores were prepared by two means: (1) homogenization of epididymal cells than isolation of a granular fraction by centrifugation on a discontinuous sucrose density gradient as a final step, and (2) collection of epididymal fluid containing both granules and spermatozoa, and separation of these elements by several steps of low speed centrifugations and washings. Purity of the different fractions was checked by microscopy. After complete dissolution in Triton X-100 (2.5%), the fractions containing central cores were submitted to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (15% acrylamide bisacrylamide). When apparently free from surrounding material, the dissolved central cores analyzed by electrophoresis showed only a main band representing a single protein (or a small group of proteins) of relative low mobility (molecular weight about 70 000). Other more mobile proteins have been identified in less purified fractions. They probably originate from the peripheral vacuole but this point is still under investigation. These two types of proteins do not originate from plasma or testis. Their androgen dependence is discussed. PMID- 7357022 TI - Influence of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase on cholesterol metabolism in hepatoma cells and hepatocytes. AB - Cholesterol content and synthesis were measured in rabbit hepatocytes and rat hepatoma cells (Fu5AH) incubated in rabbit serum at concentrations ranging from 2.5% to 50%. Values were compared to controls grown in delipidized serum protein. Cellular cholesterol content varied inversely with the serum concentration, whereas cholesterol synthesis was elevated as serum concentration in the incubation medium was raised. The reduction in cellular cholesterol content and the elevation in synthesis observed with the cells incubated in high concentrations of fresh serum could be correlated with the extent of serum lipoprotein modification by lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. Unmodified serum in which LCAT had been inactivated depressed cholesterol synthesis and increased cellular cholesterol content at all concentrations. The presence of active LCAT was not required for the cellular responses, since serum which had been modified before LCAT inactivation also stimulated cholesterol synthesis and decreased content. Qualitatively similar results were obtained with human, rat and rabbit sera. Fractionation of serum demonstrated that the stimulatory activity of LCAT-modified serum was associated primarily with the high-density lipoprotein fraction. Comparative cholesterol flux studies using prelabeled hepatoma cells exposed to either normal or modified high-density lipoproteins demonstrated that cellular cholesterol efflux was somewhat depressed in the presence of the modified lipoprotein whereas cholesterol influx was markedly reduced. These data indicate that LCAT modification of serum lipoproteins alters the relative rates of cholesterol flux with the major effect being on cholesterol uptake. This results in a net loss of cholesterol from the cells accompanied by a stimulation of cholesterol synthesis. PMID- 7357027 TI - Prominent increase in the amount of a cytosol protein in transformed fibroblasts and ascites hepatoma cells. AB - Analysis of cytosol proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis revealed a prominent increase in the amount of a cytosol protein with molecular weight of 88 000 in transformed human adult, human embryo, mouse adult, and hamster embryo fibroblasts as compared with normal fibroblasts. The cytosol protein with Mr 88 000 is also increased in the cytosol of four kinds of rat ascites hepatoma cell as compared to normal and regenerating liver. The protein with Mr 88 000 exists as one of the major cytosol proteins in transformed fibroblasts hepatoma cells and HeLa cells, constituting 7--10% of total cytosol proteins. The data suggest that the cytosol protein with Mr 88 000 is associated with certain growth characteristics of cells. PMID- 7357026 TI - Effects of ethyl hydrazinoacetate on gluconeogenesis and on ethanol oxidation in rat hepatocytes. AB - Both ethyl hydrazinoacetate and aminooxyacetate strongly inhibit gluconeogenesis from L-lactate, but not from pyruvate or fructose, in rat hepatocytes. Ethyl hydrazinoacetate partially inhibits gluconeogenesis from polyols, and also partially inhibits ethanol oxidation. In contrast to results obtained with aminooxyacetate, increasing the ethyl hydrazinoacetate concentration from 0.2 to 2 mM does not tend to diminish the inhibitory effect of this transaminase inhibitor on ethanol or polyol utilization. PMID- 7357029 TI - The synthesis and properties of 4,5-dioxovaleric acid, a possible intermediate in the biosynthesis of 5-aminolaevulinic acid, and its in vivo formation in Scenedesmus obliquus. AB - The formation of 5-aminolaevulinic acid for chlorophyll biosynthesis in the pigment mutant C-2A' of the unicellular green alga Scenedesmus obliquus occurs via two pathways: the first and major pathway uses glycine and succinyl-CoA as precursors and the second, the C-5 pathway, uses the intact five C-atom skeleton of either glutamate or 2-oxoglutarate. The intermediates in this latter pathway of 5-aminolaevulinic acid biosynthesis are still a matter of controversy and discussion but, in this paper, we have demonstrated in this Scenedesmus mutant that 4,5-dioxovaleric acid occurs in the cells when illuminated in the presence of laevulinic acid and the amount of 4,5-dioxovaleric acid formed is dependent on the period of illumination. In a preliminary experiment we have shown, under similar conditions, that labelled 4,5-dioxovaleric acid can be obtained from both DL-[1-(14)C]glutamate and [2-(14)C]glycine. This suggests that 4,5-dioxovaleric acid is formed enzymically from the intact five C-atom skeleton of glutamate but may also arise from the deamination of ALA formed by the condensation of succinyl CoA and glycine by the 5-aminolaevulinic acid synthase pathway. To obtain positive identification the naturally occurring, and also the labelled, 4,5 dioxovaleric acid were isolated as the more stable benzoquinoxaline derivative by condensation with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene and identified by comparison with the benzoquinoxaline derivative of an authentic sample of 4,5-dioxovaleric acid prepared by the hydrogenation of the ozonide of benzylidene laevulinic acid. The structures of the authentic sample of 4,5-dioxovaleric acid and its benzoquinoxaline derivative were confirmed by NMR and mass spectroscopy and both were further characterized by TLC and by infrared, ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy. PMID- 7357028 TI - In vivo deacetylation of N-acetyl amino acids by kidney acylases in mice and rats. A possible role of acylase system in mammalian kidneys. AB - Deacetylations of N-acetylhistidine and N-acetyltryptophan were examined in vivo by their administration to mice and rats. N-Acetylhistidine accumulated preferentially in the kidney and was converted to histidine effectively by acylase I. Similar deacetylation of N-acetyltryptophan by acylase III was also observed. Acylase I and III activities in mouse kidney increased in parallel remarkably at the period of weaning. A hypothesis that the acylase system in mammalian kidneys is a mechanism acquired to utilize amino acids from exogenous and endogenous acyl derivatives including those derived from protein hydrolysis was offered. PMID- 7357031 TI - Purification, radioimmunoassay, and distribution of human brain 14-3-2 protein (nervous-system specific enolase) in human tissues. AB - Human 14-3-2 protein, a nervous-system specific enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) isoenzyme, has been purified from human brain and a sensitive radioimmunoassay has been developed for its detection. A systematic survey of human organs has shown that immunoreactive nervous-system specific enolase is present in all human organs but at levels less than 3% of those found in human brain, with especially low levels in liver, kidney and skeletal muscle, and with the highest levels in adrenal and large intestine. In all organs immunoreactive nervous-system specific enolase occurs in two forms representing the heterodimer and homodimer forms of the enzyme, and in all tissues except brain the heterodimer predominates. The presence of nervous-system specific enolase in other organs is unlikely to be explicable by innervation alone since significant quantities are found in red blood cell haemolysates. Tissues which contain amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cells, for which the protein has been claimed to be a specific molecular marker, do not contain significantly higher levels of immunoreactive nervous-system specific enolase than other tissues. Both the heterodimer and homodimer forms of the enolase appear to be expressed at low levels in all tissues. PMID- 7357030 TI - Physical and chemical properties of platelet-activating factor obtained from human neutrophils and monocytes and rabbit neutrophils and basophils. AB - Platelet-activating factor secreted by stimulated human neutrophils and monocytes and rabbit neutrophils and basophils was isolated, purified and chemically and physically characterized. All four preparations had identical thin layer chromatographic behavior in a variety of solvent systems, identical solubility behavior in various organic and aqueous solvents and responded comparably to a variety of chemical and physical agents designed to reveal the presence functional groups. These findings indicate that human neutrophil and monocyte, and rabbit neutrophil and basophil derived platelet-activating factor preparations are indistinguishable, and support the conclusion that platelet activating factor is a neutral, polar lipid molecule whose functional activity is dependent upon the presence of a carboxylic acid ester. PMID- 7357032 TI - The metabolic effects of oxalate on intact red blood cells. AB - The metabolic effects of oxalate on pyruvate kinase were studied in intact human red blood cells and compared to the spontaneous modifications induced by congenital pyruvate kinase deficiency. In normal cells, oxalate (2-3 . 10(-4) M) produces a large increase of the monophosphoglycerates, phosphoenolpyruvate pool and decrease of pyruvate concentrations as a result of pyruvate kinase inhibition; it does not significantly modify 2,3-diphosphoglycerate level, ATP formation or overall glycolytic activity. Those effects of oxalate are not due to Mg2+ chelation. A similar metabolite pattern is observed in vivo in erythrocytes with congenital pyruvate kinase deficiency, in which ATP concentration and glycolytic activity are described. These cells are more sensitive to oxalate than normal ones. Results are discussed with reference to the rate-limiting character of normal or congenitally deficient pyruvate kinase. PMID- 7357033 TI - Biosynthesis of riboflavin in vitro. Isotopic incorporation studies in Pichia guilliermondii extracts. AB - In the riboflavin-deficient mutant rib3 and in wild-type cells of P. guilliermondii, GTP is transformed into 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4 ribitylaminopyrimidine and riboflavin, respectively. We were able to demonstrate the partial in vitro synthesis of these compounds, including a reductive conversion step of the product of GTP cyclohydrolase II action upon labelled [14C]GTP. In order to analyse the pyrimidine derivatives formed, 6,7-dimethyl-8 ribitylpterin and riboflavin were synthesized by addition of diacetyl. The data obtained indicate that the radiocarbon from the ribose moiety of GTP was transformed into the ribityl sidechain of 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4 ribitylaminopyrimidine as well as riboflavin without any dilution. Therefore, the ribityl sidechain of the riboflavin formed originates from the ribose moiety of GTP. PMID- 7357036 TI - Subcellular distribution of ascorbate in bovine adrenal medulla. Evidence for accumulation in chromaffin granules against a concentration gradient. AB - The subcellular distribution of ascorbate and catecholamines has been studied in homogenates of bovine adrenal medulla and cortex. 1. The recovery of the vitamin was found to be 4.10 +/- 0.22 and 9.57 +/- 1.37 mumol/g wet weight for the medulla and cortex, respectively. A major fraction (34.4%) of the vitamin was recovered in the particulate fraction of the medulla as compared to about 8% in the corresponding fraction of the cortex. In comparison, 78.9% of the catecholamines were found in the particulate fraction of the medulla. 2. Analytical differential centrifugation of medulla homogenates revealed a sedimentation profile of ascorbate which was identical to that obtained for noradrenalin and adrenalin. The co-sedimentation of these compounds indicates that ascorbate is an essential component of the heavy as well as the light population of chromaffin granules. The stoichiometry of catecholamines to ascorbate was approx. 25:1 in both subpopulations. 3. Based on an estimated volume fraction of approximately 13% for the chromaffin granules, as determined morphometrically (Kryvi, H., Flatmark, T. and Terland, O. (1979) Eur. J. Cell Biol. 20, 76-82), a concentration gradient (chromaffin granules:cytosol) of approx. 4 was estimated for ascorbate in the cells of adrenal medulla. 4. No ascorbate 2-sulfate was detected in any of the subcellular fractions isolated, and the content of dehydroascorbate in isolated chromaffin granules was less than 1% of the total ascorbate value. PMID- 7357035 TI - Proteoglycans synthesized in calluses at various stages of fracture healing in rats. AB - The sequential cartilage and bone formation was observed in fracture calluses which were formed at fibula diaphysis of Sprague-Dawley rats. The proteoglycans synthesized in the calluses at different stages during fracture healing were labeled in vitro with [35S]sulfate and then analyzed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. A heavy proteoglycan, in which chondroitin 4-sulfate accounted for approx. 90% of total radioactivity, was predominantly synthesized in addition to light, dermatan sulfate-containing proteoglycans in day-10 and day-20 calluses, when cartilaginous areas were predominant in these calluses. The synthesis of the heavy proteoglycan started around day 7, when chondrogenesis started locally in the callus, and ceased by day 30, when cartilage had been replaced by newly formed bone. The heavy proteoglycan had chemical and physical properties similar to those of the major proteoglycan synthesized by bone matrix induced cartilages, but different from those of the major one synthesized by the epiphyseal cartilage of neonatal rats. These findings suggest that the sequential molecular transitions observed in fracture healing differ from those in the endochondral ossification of embryonic skeletal tissues but resemble those in bone matrix-induced bone formation. PMID- 7357034 TI - Tryptamine-adenosine 5'-monophosphate interactions as studied by nuclear magnetic resonance and relaxation. AB - The conformation of tryptamine-adenosine 5'-monosphate and of their 1:1 complex in neutral aqueous solution at 297 K has been investigated by proton NMR and relaxation. The dependences of the proton chemical shift as a function of the tryptamine and AMP concentrations yield an association constant of 6.5 +/- 0.5 1 . mol-1. The reorientation correlation time of the complex tau R = (2.5 +/- 0.1) . 10(-10) s has been determined from the deuteron and ESR linewidth measurements on specifically labelled AMP. The proton longitudinal relaxation shows that the adenine and indole rings are head-to-head stacked 0.31 +/- 0.01 nm apart as confirmed by proton chemical shift measurements. In this complex, the AMP ribose ring takes the 3'-endo (N) conformation and the orientation of the adenine base is anti, whereas the tryptamine aminoethyl residue, in the gauche conformation, is most likely bound to the phosphate by coulombic interactions. PMID- 7357037 TI - Characterization of the particulate and soluble acceptor for transcobalamin II from human placenta and rabbit liver. AB - We describe in both human placenta and rabbit liver membranes specific acceptors which bind the human transcobalamin II-vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) complex with an affinity of 2.3 . 10(9) (placenta) and 6.7 . 10(9) (liver) M-1 and which bind the rabbit transcobalamin II-cobalamin complex with an affinity of 1.1 . 10(9) (placenta) and 1.9 . 10(9) (liver) M-1, respectively. The binding requires Ca2+ and is sensitive to both 1 M NaCl and acid pH. A new ligand binding assay, based on the ability of the acceptor, but not transcobalamin II, to bind to concanavalin A, is described and is used to characterize the solubilized acceptors. The solubilized acceptors bind human transcobalamin II-cobalamin with high affinity (about 2-9 . 10(9) M-1) but do not bind free cobalamin; unsaturated transcobalamin II is bound with an affinity approximately one-third of that for transcobalamin II saturated with cobalamin. On gel filtration, the human acceptor saturated with transcobalamin II-cobalamin exhibits a Stokes radius of 6.7 nm, whereas the free acceptor has a Stokes radius of 5.1 nm. The rabbit liver acceptor either unsaturated or saturated with transcobalamin II-cobalamin exhibits a Stokes radius of 5.7 nm. Both acceptors bind to lectins such as concanavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin and phytohemagglutinin, indicating their glycoprotein nature, and both acceptors can be purified approximately 30-fold by affinity chromatography on wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose columns. The concanavalin A assay, combined with lectin-Sepharose and transcobalamin II cobalamin-Sepharose affinity chromatography will provide for the isolation and study of pure acceptors from a variety of tissue sources. PMID- 7357038 TI - Isolation, purification and amino acid sequence of a tripeptide from bovine pineal tissue displaying antigonadotropic properties. AB - Studies were performed to isolate peptides displaying antigonadotropic properties from bovine pineal tissue. Inhibition of compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in adult mice was used as an index of activity to guide the purification of a bovine pineal extract in order to isolate these antigonadal peptides. Defatted bovine pineal glands were extracted with acetic acid and further purified by cation exchange chromatography, gel filtration and paper electrophoresis. The electrophoretogram revealed sixteen ninhydrin spots, of which four were antigonadotropic. One of these fractions was subjected to paper chromatography which yielded two antigonadal fractions. Amino acid analysis of each of these fractions indicated that one was in pure form and the sequence was found to be threonylserinyllysine. The other fraction was heterogeneous, but contained no lysine. Analysis of the amino acid content of the other antigonadal fractions obtained after electrophoresis indicated the possibility that other peptides were present, but did not suggest the presence of arginine vasotocin. PMID- 7357040 TI - Induction of mucosal glutathione synthesis by arsenic. AB - In the rat, oral administration of 1 mg/kg arsenic (as As2O3) binds rapidly to mucosal glutathione such that effective glutathione concentration is reduced. In response to the binding of arsenic to glutathione, de novo synthesis of glutathione occurs in the mucosal cell, resulting in twice the normal concentrations of glutathione within 3 h. This finding may explain acquired tolerance to arsenic, as well as the protective effect of arsenic against selenium toxicity. PMID- 7357039 TI - Concanavalin A agglutinability of dextran gel spheres. A physical model for cells agglutination. AB - Dextran is a polysaccharide which can interact with concanavalin A, and insolubilized dextran spheres are available with different degrees of swelling in water. One grade of these dextran gel spheres can be agglutinated extensively by concanavalin A, while another grade with the same binding constant is not affected. Photomicrographs and measurement by capillary suction show that deformability and good contact between these gel spheres can be correlated with their agglutinability. PMID- 7357041 TI - An octacalcium phosphate intermediate in the synthesis of chromatographic hydroxyapatite. AB - In the laboratory synthesis of hydroxyapatite for liquid column chromatography different procedures give varying amounts of a transient intermediate, identified by X-ray diffraction as octacalcium phosphate. The intermediate is most abundant in a recently-developed method involving conversion from brushite at neutral pH; well-crystallized hydroxyapatite is then produced without the boiling previously found necessary. The results are relevant to hydroxyapatite biosynthesis, where a similar intermediate has been postulated. Methods are described for the laboratory synthesis of octacalcium phosphate. PMID- 7357042 TI - The pentose phosphate pathway in brain during development. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats were delivered in our laboratory and decapitated at ages varying between 1 and 60 days. The concentrations of 6-phosphogluconate in extracts of the brain were determined in these litters and in adult rats. The highest of 6-phosphogluconate was seen in brains of 3-day-old rats when it was at that age more than six times the adult level. Turnover rates for this same compound were determined by an in vitro technique at ages 1, 3 and 12 days and in the adult. We conclude that the pentose phosphate pathway is more active in rat brain during early development than in the adult, with a peak occurring at 3 days of life, indicating a possible link to nucleic acid synthesis. PMID- 7357044 TI - Influence of oxygen tension and cortisol environment upon growth and cortisone conversion to cortisol by cultured human fetal lung fibroblasts. AB - Growth and conversion of cortisone to cortisol by human fetal lung fibroblasts in monolayer cell culture have been found to be sensitive to steady-state oxygen concentrations or to acute oxidant stresses. Oxygen-dependent differences are significantly modified by pre-incubation with cortisol. We speculate that cortisol may have an oxygen-protective role, and that the induction of increased conversion of cortisone to cortisol with an increase in oxygen tension, such at that observed at delivery, may be of significance in the prematurely born infant with the respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7357043 TI - Free amino acid levels of mother and child immediately after delivery in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. AB - The pattern of the free serum amino acids was analysed in 20 healthy mothers immediately after delivery and from their term appropriate for gestational age infants in cord blood. The free amino concentrations were higher in Tanzanian women, when compared to Swedish standards, whereas slightly higher or similar values were found in cord blood, resulting in a marked reduction of the fetal/maternal ratio for the individual amino acids. It is suggested that under 'basal nutritional conditions' the reduced placental gradient could be one of the compensatory mechanisms to facilitate an adequate supply of amino acids to the human fetus. The validity of the glycine/valine index to recognize early protein malnutrition in pregnant women and their offspring or in small for dates is disputed. PMID- 7357047 TI - Relationships between thyroid function and pathology of the newborn calf. PMID- 7357045 TI - Influence of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on noradrenaline metabolism in brown adipose tissue of the developing rat. AB - We studied the noradrenaline content, and monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O methyltransferase (COMT) activities in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of normal, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid developing rat. In the newborn, thyroid hormones are necessary for the increase in noradrenaline content which occurs between 0 and 5 days. Hypothyroidism increases both MAO and COMT activities. Hyperthyroidism decreases MAO activity but not noradrenaline content or COMT activity. In the full-term fetus, hypothyroidism decreases noradrenaline content as in the newborn, and also decreases MAO and COMT activities. It is suggested that thyroid hormones could modulate BAT nonshivering thermogenesis by regulating the level of noradrenaline, the direct mediator of heat production. PMID- 7357046 TI - On the mechanisms of renal sodium handling in newborn infants. AB - In an attempt to delineate the specific tubular defect in sodium reabsorption in low-birth-weight neonates, fractional sodium excretion (CNa/CCr), distal tubular sodium delivery (CNa+CH2O), and tubular sodium reabsorption [(CH2O/CH2O+CNa) X 100] were determined in 8 healthy premature and 10 full-term newborn infants. The mean birth weight was 1,701 g (range: 1,240--2,120 g) and the mean gestational age was 32.6 weeks (range: 28--35 weeks) for premature; and 3,199 g (range: 2,670 -3,670 g) and 38.9 weeks (range: 38--41 weeks) for full-term neonates. It was demonstrated that the significantly higher fractional sodium excretion in premature infants (1.44 +/- 0.33 SE versus 0.36 +/- 0.09%), p less than 0.01) resulted from significantly decreased proximal (CNa+CH2O : 0.674 +/- 0.105 versus 0.360 +/- 0.069 ml/min/1.73m2, p less than 0.05) and distal [(CH2O/CH2O+CNa) X 100:69.9 +/- 3.3 versus 85.8 +/- 3.4%, p less than 0.01] tubular sodium reabsorption. PMID- 7357048 TI - Proof and plausibility. PMID- 7357049 TI - Complications with electroconvulsive treatment combined with lithium. PMID- 7357050 TI - Urinary tryptamine excretion in chronic schizophrenics with low platelet MAO activity. AB - Reduced platelet MAO activity has been previously reported as a biochemical marker for a subgroup of psychiatric patients, including some chronic schizophrenics. As tryptamine metabolism appears to be sensitive to alterations in MAO activity, urinary tryptamine excretion was measured in chronic schizophrenics with low platelet MAO activity, chronic schizophrenics with normal platelet MAO activity, and age-matched and sex-matched controls. The increased urinary tryptamine excretion observed in chronic schizophrenics with low platelet MAO activity may reflect a pathophysiologic mechanism associated with low MAO activity. PMID- 7357051 TI - Relative efficacy of computed tomography and radionuclide scan in the diagnosis of organic brain syndrome. AB - Computerized tomography (CT) scan and radionuclide (Rn) scan findings on 77 psychiatric patients were compared to evaluate the relative efficacy of these two procedures in the diagnosis on intracranial disease. CT scan detected significant abnormalities in 23 patients (29.9%) while the Rn scan was positive in only five patients (6.5%). This is almost a fivefold difference in the detection rate of abnormalities between the CT and RN scan. Thirty-four of the 77 patients were diagnosed with organice brain syndrome (OBS) according to the criteria by Feighner et al. CT scan exclusively determined the contributing causes in 20 (58.8%) of these patients. In contrast, none of the Rn studies could exclusively contribute to a diagnosis of OBS. It is concluded that the routine use of both diagnostic procedures hardly seems justifiable in terms of patient benefit and increased cost. PMID- 7357052 TI - Clinical treatment research: its design, execution, analysis, and interpretation or how I stopped worrying and learned to love regressing. PMID- 7357053 TI - The importance of dietary control in metabolic studies of manic-depressive patients. AB - Diet control of electrolyte intake appears to diminish day to day variation of urinary electrolyte output. Urine sodium concentration is more affected by diet control than potassium, possibly due to the greater variation in sodium ingestion on uncontrolled diets. The coefficient of variation of urinary sodium excretion on the controlled diet was not significantly greater than the variation in sodium ingestion. These experimental results suggest that controlled diets reduce random variation in sodium and potassium excretion and therefore enhance the possibility of observing illness-related biological changes. PMID- 7357054 TI - REM sleep and normal intelligence. PMID- 7357055 TI - Scientific methodology in treatment. PMID- 7357056 TI - Drug concentrations in neuropsychiatry. PMID- 7357057 TI - Early behavioral abnormalities in mice due to scrapie virus encephalopathy. AB - The behavioral effects of scrapie virus infection, a slow degenerative disease of the central nervous system, were examined in mice. Testing was conducted at 50, 100, and 150 days postinfection and included open-field behavior, Y-maze alternation and activity, and two-way shuttle-box avoidance. The behavioral pathology was found to be task-specific rather than of a global nature. Furthermore, the effects observed could be classified as either early or late components of the disease. The relevance of this animal model to human presenile dementias is discussed. PMID- 7357058 TI - Preliminary trial of the noradrenergic agonist clonidine in psychiatric patients. AB - The hypotensive drug clonidine, which stimulates central alpha-adrenergic receptors, was administered to psychiatric patients in a preliminary double-blind study. Two schizophrenic patients became more agitated and aggressive during the trial. The drug showed some antidepressant effects in three of five depressed patients. Clonidine withdrawal appeared to potentiate symptoms in a manic patient. Drug treatment reduced blood pressure and rapid eye movement sleep. Interpretation of behavioral effects of clonidine is limited by uncertainty about the balance of its pre- and postsynaptic effects. PMID- 7357059 TI - The late positive component of the evoked response in acute schizophrenics during a test of sustained attention. AB - To investigate the relationship between behavioral and cortical measures of impaired attention in schizophrenia, 17 hospitalized acute schizophrenics and 16 hospitalized nonpsychotic patients were studied. Event-related potentials (ERP) were obtained while subjects performed the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) under three conditions: First base line, Auditory-Visual Distraction, and Second base line. Schizophrenics made more errors of omission and commission and had longer reaction times. Analysis of the Late Positive Component (LPC) of the ERP revealed that both groups had an attenuated LPC during distraction and a larger LPC to the critical compared to the noncritical stimulus throughout all conditions. Schizophrenics had a smaller LPC and a smaller amplitude difference between the critical and noncritical stimulus than the nonpsychotics throughout all conditions. PMID- 7357060 TI - Cumulative alterations in rat behavior during continuous administration of LSD or mescaline: absence of tolerance? AB - Male hooded rats were observed for 6 days following implantation with slow release subcutaneous pellets containing LSD, mescaline, or control vehicle solution. In animals housed in isolation cages, continuous hallucinogen administration resulted in a gradual increase in head twitches and catatonic postures which peaked 3--4 days after pellet implantation and then declined. In animals housed in social colonies, there were also delayed increases in behavior following hallucinogen-pellet implantation, but these principally involved social behaviors such as fighting by mescaline-treated animals and social grooming by LSD-treated animals. This finding of gradual and cumulative effects of continuous hallucinogen administration contrasts with the usual finding of a rapid tolerance to hallucinogens following repeated injections. PMID- 7357061 TI - On the interaction of caffeine with nucleic acids. III. 1H NMR studies of caffeine--5'-adenosine monophosphate and caffeine-poly(riboadenylate) interactions. AB - 1) The self-association of both caffeine (Cf) and 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in aqueous solution has been reinvestigated by 1H NMR. The self-association process is characterized by an isodesmic model. The apparent self-association constants of the vertical stacking process are KCf = (10.6 +/- 1.0) M-1 and KAMP = (1.67 +/- 0.17) M-1. The arrangement of the monomeric units in the stacked aggregates is discussed in terms of isoshielding curves theoretically calculated by Giessner-Prettre and Pullman. Models are proposed which are consistent with these and further previous NMR data. 2) The interaction of Cf and AMP has been studied by 1H NMR. The apparent association constant of the complex Cf-AMP is KC A = (7.3 +/- 1.2) M-1. Two models of the mutual arrangement of AMP and Cf in the complex are proposed on the basis of the calculated isoshielding curves considering both ring current and local atomic diamagnetic anisotropy effects. 3) The interaction of Cf and poly(riboadenylate), (rA)n, is indicated by a downfield shift of the H-8 line but an upfield shifts of the H-2 line in the 1H NMR spectra of (rA)n. The concentration dependence of the 1H NMR shifts of both Cf and (rA)n can be explained by the existence of two binding mechanisms. We suggest (i) partial insertion of Cf between adjacent base residues of ordered single-stranded regions of (rA)n and (ii) outside binding of Cf in form of monomeric Cf as well as of self-associated aggregates. The complex geometry of insertion proposed on the basis of the calculated isoshielding curves is characterized by a stronger overlapping of the Cf ring and the H-2 proton of (rA)n as compared to the H-8 proton. PMID- 7357062 TI - On the interaction of caffeine with nucleic acids. IV. Studies of the caffeine DNA interaction by infrared and ultraviolet linear dichroism, proton and deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - The DNA-caffeine interaction at high concentration of caffeine (Cf) leads to an arrangement of Cf molecules outside of the DNA double helix with an orientation parallel to the bases both in the A and B form as demonstrated by infrared linear dichroism. Addition of DNA broadens the 1H NMR lines of Cf in aqueous solution indicating a specific binding. Intercalation is not the predominant mechanism, the deuterium relaxation time T1 = (38 +/- 7) ms and the estimated reorientation correlation time tau cb = 0.17 ns of caffeine-8[2H] in the Cf-DNA complex suggest an outside stacking of the ligand. According to the results a model on the DNA-Cf complex at high Cf concentration (binding process II) is suggested including the caffeine-induced reorientation of the hydration shell of DNA. PMID- 7357063 TI - PH dependent volume changes accompanying the binding reactions of human and pigeon methemoglobins. AB - Dilatometric measurements of the volume changes accompanying the binding reactions of azide ion to human adult and pigeon methemoglobins as a function pH at 25 degrees C demonstrate pH values of maximum volume change (pH delta Vmax) which are different for the different hemoglobins. pH delta Vmax occurs at pH 6.7 for human methemoglobin A and at pH 7.7 for pigeon methemoglobin. The pH delta Vmax occurs near the characteristic pH (pHch) of maximum enthalpy of the same binding reaction. It is shown that the large pH variation in delta V can arise if the configuration of charged groups on the surface of the molecule is different in methemoglobin and methemoglobin complex. When such a difference in configuration exists the addition of the same number of protons to methemoglobin and methemoglobin complex will give rise to different changes in the partial molar volume of the two species. PMID- 7357065 TI - Enzyme reaction rates and the stochastic theory of kinetics. AB - The kinetics of an elementary reaction step are discussed from the viewpoint of the stochastic theory of chemical kinetics. The general form of the rate constant found in the stochastic approach is described and compared with the expression from transition state theory. Whereas the stochastic theory predicts a rate enhancement in cases which are not adiabatic (in the quantum mechanical sense), transition state theory, which is essentially an adiabatic theory of reaction rates, does not permit inclusion of the effect. This effect can be expected to be of greater importance in cases of catalysis by structures, such as enzymes, containing large numbers of vibrational degrees of freedom (particularly low frequency ones) than in cases lacking such structures. The stochastic theory is more general than the transition state theory, the rate constant expression given by the latter being obtainable from the former when restrictive assumptions, including that of adiabaticity, are made. Interpretations of enzyme catalysis based on the transition state theory must thus be viewed as speculative. PMID- 7357066 TI - NMR relaxation processes of 31P in macromolecules. PMID- 7357067 TI - 31P-NMR studies of DNA in nucleosome core particles. PMID- 7357069 TI - Nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor effects in the proton NMR spectra of the oligoribonucleotides ApGpX and CpApX. PMID- 7357068 TI - Induction of helicity in polyuridylic acid and polyinosinic acid by silver ions. PMID- 7357064 TI - Absorption spectroscopy and circular dichroism studies of sperm whale myoglobin chemically modified on the N-terminal alpha-aminogroup by isothiocyanate reagents. PMID- 7357070 TI - Application of band centrifugation to the study of the assembly of alfalfa mosaic virus. PMID- 7357072 TI - Monte Carlo computation of the supercoiling energy, the sedimentation constant, and the radius of gyration of unknotted and knotted circular DNA. PMID- 7357073 TI - Electrical conductivity of single crystals of lysozyme. PMID- 7357071 TI - Characterization of molecular motions in 13C-labeled aortic elastin by 13C-1H magnetic double resonance. PMID- 7357074 TI - Absorption and circular dichroic spectral studies on the self-association of daunorubicin. PMID- 7357075 TI - Pretreatment tumor mass, cell kinetics, and prognosis in multiple myeloma. AB - One-hundred fifty patients with multiple (plasma cell) myeloma had pretreatment tumor mass staging, and 79 also had measurement of the pretreatment labeling index (LI%). There were clear differences in survival by pretreatment stage of disease. The pretreatment LI% of bone marrow plasma cells was an independent prognostic factor both in single factor and multivariate regression analyses, including myeloma stage (p less than 0.02). Other important prognostic factors (multivariate) included performance status, serum creatinine, presence of Bence Jones protein, age, and kappa/lambda subtype. A LI% of less than 1% was associated with long survival in each patient group. Patients with benign gammopathy had excellent survival and very low labeling indices. A pretreatment LI% of greater than 3% in high cell mass patients with a high total number of DNA synthesizing cells (S) conferred a very poor prognosis (p = 0.002). This subgroup of patients with high S values also had a high incidence of central nervous system relapse (27%), Bence Jones proteinuria, and elevated serum uric acid levels. We conclude that the pretreatment labeling index provides helpful prognostic information in addition to tumor mass staging. PMID- 7357076 TI - Urinary hydroxyproline excretion in myelofibrosis. AB - Urinary hydroxyproline measurements were performed in a group of health volunteers as well as patients with cancer and myelofibrosis. Patients in whom there was no metastatic involvement of bone marrow excreted an amount of hydroxyproline not different from that of the control group. Those who had marrow metastasis produced elevated levels of hydroxyproline; the highest excretions were observed when marrow fibrosis was associated with metastasis. These results contrasted with those observed in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia patients whose excretions were equivalent to the control group. The result suggests differences in the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis and a technique potentially useful for distinguishing between patients who may otherwise be diagnostic problems. PMID- 7357078 TI - Cellular DNA content as a marker of human multiple myeloma. PMID- 7357077 TI - Enzyme histochemistry on bone marrow biopsies: reactions useful in the differential diagnosis of leukemia and lymphoma applied to 2-micron plastic sections. PMID- 7357080 TI - Aggregation of hemoglobin S and hemoglobin CHarlem with nonsickle hemoglobin in concentrated phosphate buffer. AB - The effect of HbA and HbF on both the aggregation and deaggregation of deoxy HbS and deoxy HbCHarlem in concentrated phosphate buffers was studied by a turbidimetric method. Although pure deoxy HbA is fully soluble in 2.4 M potassium phosphate buffer, the same concentration of deoxy HbAS was insoluble in the same buffer. Since there was little dissolved hemoglobin in the solute of a mixture of HbA and HbS, and since the intensity of turbidity was approximately twice that which would be expected from deoxy HbS alone, deoxy HbA must have coaggregated with deoxy HbS. Similar studies with mixtures of HbS and HbF showed different results. The rates of aggregation of deoxygenated mixtures of HbS and HbF were much slower than those of similar mixtures of HbS and HbA. Measurements of the absorption spectrum of the solute after centrifugation and the electrophoresis of both the aggregates and the solutes showed that a portion of the HbF was coaggregated with HbS, while some of the HbS was still in solution. The solubility of HbS and mixtures of sickle and nonsickle hemoglobins in 2.2 M phosphate buffer increased in the order of HbS, HbACHarlem, HbAS, HbCHarlem, HbSF, and HbFCHarlem. PMID- 7357079 TI - Fibrinolytic states in a patient with congenital deficiency of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor. PMID- 7357081 TI - Mapping the alpha-globin genes in an Algerian HbH patient and his family. AB - The organization of alpha-globin genes in normal white European, normal Algerian, and alpha-thalassemic Algerian DNA was examined by restriction endonuclease mapping using HindIII, HpaI, Bamhi, EcoRI, BgIII, and PstI. The results for normal DNA confirm and add to the findings of Surrey et al. and Orkin; the two alpha-genes are approximately 3.0 kb apart. The restriction enzymes BgIII and HpaL cut between the two alpha-genes. Four PstL sites are located: two surrounding each alpha-gene. The physical maps for a number of Algerian controls (normal alpha- and beta-globin biosynthesis profiles) are identical to that of the European controls. The Algerian alpha-thalassemic presenting with HbH disease was found to be homozygous for a 3.5-3.7 kb deletion at the alpha-gene locus, leaving one alpha-gene per chromosome. The patient's mother and father are both found to be heterozygous for this deletion. An unaffected sibling carries both normal chromosomes. The deletion could be the result of a Lepore-like crossover fusion event between the two alpha-globin genes, or of a 3.7 kb deletion of either the entire 5' alpha-gene or the entire 3' alpha-gene. The Algerian case of HbH disease studied differs from Asian cases in both the mode of inheritance and the molecular pathology of the alpha-thalassemia mutation. If this type of deletion is the major cause of Algerian alpha-thalassemia, it would explain the apparent absence of Hydrops fetalis in this geographical area. PMID- 7357082 TI - Thymus-dependent and thymus-independent subpopulations of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes: a granular subpopulation of probable bone marrow origin and relationship to mucosal mast cells. AB - Intraepithelial lymphocytes have been examined histochemically in the small intestines of normal rats and mice and in thymus-deficient animals (B rats and nude mice). It is concluded that these cells are heterogeneous, consisting of at least two subpopulations. One population contains granules, is thymus independent, and is probably bone-marrow-derived. The other population does not contain granules and appears to be thymus-dependent. It is suggested that the granular cell, which may be a precursor of mucosal mast cells, is more properly a previously unrecognized nonlymphoid leukocyte of bone marrow origin. PMID- 7357083 TI - Lower factor VIII coagulant in daughters of subjects with hemophilia A compared to other obligate carriers. PMID- 7357084 TI - In vivo radiolabeling of platelet proteins: a new method with identification of platelet factor XIII. AB - A method for radiolabeling platelets in vivo was developed in which 3H-arginine was injected into the bone marrow of normal dogs. On the third day after injection, a maximum of 6%--7% of the radioactivity had been incorporated into the total platelet mass. This method of isotope administration resulted in a 50- 60-fold increase in maximum uptake of radiolabel by platelets, as compared to values obtained by others using intravenous injections of various radioactive compounds. Tritium-labeled platelets were harvested from the animals and then were washed to remove unbound 3H-arginine. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 7 labeled protein bands, with molecular weights ranging from 29,000to 132,000, were obtained from the platelet-soluble fraction. One 3H-containing protein with a molecular weight of 81,000 was identified immunologically and enzymatically as platelet factor XIII. PMID- 7357085 TI - Congenital methylmalonic aciduria--homocystinuria with megaloblastic anemia: observations on response to hydroxocobalamin and on the effect of homocysteine and methionine on the deoxyuridine suppression test. PMID- 7357088 TI - Human pulmonary macrophage tumor cell cytotoxicity. PMID- 7357089 TI - Effect of short-term protein deprivation on hemopoietic functions of healthy volunteers. AB - To ascertain the effects of protein deprivation on hemopoietic parameters in otherwise healthy subjects, three volunteers were placed on diets containing 0.15 g protein/kg body weight for 8 days followed in 2 mo by another 8-day study period during which they ingested their usual diets containing more than 0.9 g protein/kg body weight. Complete blood counts, serum protein determinations, and tests of in vitro and in vivo leukocyte chemotaxis were performed prior to and at the conclusion of each study period. Subjects were phlebotomized of 500 ml on day 7 of each study period. Twenty-four-hour urinary erythropoietin excretion rates were assayed just prior to and again postphlebotomy. Reticulocyte counts were performed at intervals up to 1 wk postphlebotomy. Some of these determinations were replicated during a subsequent study. The hemoglobin and hematocrits decrased slightly but significantly after 8 days on low protein diets. Erythropoietin excretion rates and reticulocyte responses to phlebotomy were also less marked while subjects were on protein depleted diets. Leukocyte chemotaxis, measured both in vitro and in vivo, was also markedly reduced while subjects were on protein-depleted diets. We conclude that 8 days of moderately severe protein deprivation significantly impairs erythropoiesis and leukocyte function in otherwise healthy individuals. PMID- 7357087 TI - Positive Coombs test in Hodgkin's disease: significance and implications. AB - To clarify the clinicopathologic characteristics of Coombs' positivity in Hodgkin's disease, the records of 71 cases were reviewed. The direct Coombs test was positive in seven. Mean age of the seven was 22 yr (range 11-33). All were males. All had extensive disease (pathologic stage III or IV) and six had systemic (B) symptoms. Four had mixed cellularity; three had nodular sclerosis. The positive Coombs test was detected at original diagnosis in three and at time of relapse in four. Although all were anemic, only three had evidence of overt hemolysis. The antibody responsible for Coombs positivity was characterized in three and fulfilled the criteria for IgG anti-It. The presence of a positive direct Coombs test in the patient with Hodgkin's disease suggests active and advanced disease. The presence of IgG anti-It may represent a unique antibody in the Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia associated with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7357090 TI - Defective delivery of iron to the developing red cell of the Belgrade laboratory rat. AB - Erythroid cell iron and transferrin uptake and release was studied in the anemia of the Belgrade laboratory rat (gene symbol, b), an autosomal recessive trait characterized by hypochromia and hyperferrinemia. When reticulocyte-rich red cells were incubated in vitro with doubly (59Fe, 125I) labeled transferrin, b/b cells demonstrated a significantly higher uptake of transferrin (164% of control at 60 min), and a significantly lower uptake of iron (21% of control at 60 min) than control cells. These findings with b/b cells were simulated by sodium fluoride-treated control cells, but not by trypsin-treated control cells. When reticulocytes exposed to doubly labeled transferrin were incubated in normal rat plasma, there was a substantial loss of 125I from both the b/b cells (mean 71%) and control cells (mean 49%), but only a loss of 59Fe from the b/b cells (mean 21%). These findings suggest a defect in the delivery of iron to the b/b reticulocyte, which is distal to the binding of transferrin to its cell surface receptor. PMID- 7357086 TI - Prediction of chemotherapy response in human leukemia using an in vitro chemotherapy sensitivity test on the leukemic colony-forming cells. AB - An in vitro test system to quantitatively assess the chemotherapy sensitivity of human acute leukemic colony-forming cells (L-CFU) in relation to normal granulocytic precursor cells (CFU-C) has been developed. After simultaneous exposure of leukemic and normal bone marrow cells to individual drugs in vitro, cells were grown using an improved agar culture method with daily feeding. A sensitivity index (SI) was determined as the ratio of survival fraction of CFU-C to that of L-CFU, L-CFU being more (or less) sensitive than CFU-C if the SI were higher (or lower) than unity. Thirty SI were determined for 6 single drugs actually given in various combinations to a total of 9 patients (8 with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and 1 with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia). A highly significant correlation was observed between high (or low) SI and achievement of (or failure to achieve) complete remission, with only 6 false correlations (p = 0.0013). Also, the mean of these SI (MSI) for the multiple single drugs given to each patient as components of a combination chemotherapy was used to indicate an overall sensitivity for each trial of the chemotherapy. Among the 10 chemotherapy trials (1 trial each for 8 patients and 2 trials for 1 patient), 4 trials resulting in complete remission had MSI higher than 1.0, and 6 trials not resulting in complete remission had MSI lower than 1.0 (p = 0.0048). This assay system appears useful in predicting the response of patients to chemotherapy and in the selection of the most effective drugs for use in individual patients. PMID- 7357091 TI - Two new sickle cell syndromes: HbS, Hb Camden, and alpha-thalassemia; and HbS in combination with Hb Tacoma. AB - Hemoglobin variants having electrophoretic mobility more rapid than that of HbA were identified in combination with sickle hemoglobin in two patients at the Cook County Hospital. Neither individual had symptomatic hematologic disease. In one patient, the rapidly migrating hemoglobin had the amino acid substitution characteristic of Hb Tacoma (beta-40 arg leads to ser), a mildly unstable variant. In the other patient, Hb Camden (beta-131 gln leads to glu) was identified, and the hematologic findings also indicated that he has alpha thalassemia trait. In the patient with HbS-Camden--alpha-thalassemia, globin synthesis was unbalanced (alpha/beta 0.66), and HbS represented only 19.5% of the total hemoglobin. The latter finding suggests that under conditions of limited alpha-chain availability beta Camden may combine with alpha subunits at least as efficiently as does betaA. HbS represented 56% of the hemoglobin of the patient with HbS Tacoma, although the rate of synthesis of beta Tacoma by her reticulocytes was consistently greater than that of betaS. A time-course synthesis study demonstrated a progressive increase in the specific activity of beta Tacoma in relation to that of betaS, suggesting that the unstable beta chains of Hb Tacoma underwent selective intracellular degradation. This process appears to explain the disparity between the rates of synthesis of the two beta chains and the relative representation of HbS and Hb Tacoma in the patient's erythrocytes. PMID- 7357092 TI - Norepinephrine sensitivity, tension development and neuronal uptake in resistance arteries from spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. AB - Intact segments of mesenteric resistance arteries (200 micron) from 5-month-old spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were tested for norepinephrine (NE) sensitivity. Dose-response curves were obtained both before and after adrenergic denervation produced by short-term, in vitro, 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treatment. NE sensitivities of innervated vessels were the same in SHR and WKY rats, however, after 6-OHDA, not only did both ED50s show significant decreases (8.7- and 3.8-fold, respectively), but the ED50 of SHR vessels was half that of WKY (NE sensitivity increased twofold). In addition there was a 33% increase in wall tension generated in response to maximum NE stimulation, and a 44% increase in neuronal NE uptake in the SHR vessels. These results show that several important alterations have occurred in resistance vessels from SHR rats in the established phase of hypertension. The relationship of the increase in neuronal uptake to the increased total peripheral resistance and increased vascular reactivity commonly seen in SHR perfused beds and whole animals is unknown. However, the increase in NE sensitivity and in maximum NE wall tension could contribute to increase in both of these characteristics. PMID- 7357095 TI - Quantitative investigation of sudanophilic lesions around the aortic ostia of human fetuses, newborn and children. AB - The sudanophilic lesions around the aortic ostia of 10 fetus, 10 newborns and 10 children aged up to 1 year were studied using a polar coordinate mapping method. The periorificial sudanophilic lesions develop initially distal to the orifices and show a continuous increase with age in percentage and extent. In children the lesions nearly completely surround all the ostia with a significant distal peak. There was no sex difference; the involvement of the right and left side was comparable. The comparison of the morphological data from the parents and children with anamnestics showed no relationship. PMID- 7357093 TI - Paradoxical relaxation of arterial strips induced by vasoconstrictive agents. AB - Longitudinal strips isolated from canine distributing muscular arteries were relaxed by noradrenaline and contracted by papaverine. This paradoxical relaxation and contraction may be due to a helical and circular arrangement of smooth muscle in the wall which is incompressible. Various vasoconstrictive agents, including noradrenaline, produced a circumferential contraction and longitudinal relaxation in muscular arteries. Vasodilator agents produced the opposite effect. The direction and magnitude of response of a helical strip to a vasoactive substance depended upon its sectioning angle from the transverse axis of the vessel. PMID- 7357094 TI - Comparison of the responsiveness of cutaneous veins of dog and rabbit to adrenergic and cholinergic stimulation. PMID- 7357096 TI - Transmural nerve stimulation of blood vessels in vitro: a critical examination. AB - Use of the method of transmural nerve stimulation depends on the assumption that stimulation parameters can be chosen to selectively and maximally activate nerves without stimulating vascular smooth muscle directly. When commercial stimulators are used with low impedance electrodes, it may not be possible to validate this assumption, due to the limited current output in this situation. To circumvent this limitation a coupling device which provides a very low source impedance to the electrodes is described. Using this device in experiments on preparations of rabbit ear artery, we have demonstrated that it is possible to selectively activate nerves, without stimulating smooth muscle directly. Adrenergic nerve activation was blocked with guanethidine, phentolamine or tetrodotoxin, while responses to direct smooth muscle activation persist in the presence of these drugs. Appropriate parameters for supramaximal nerve stimulation vary with the type of preparation and electrode arrangement. The possibility of variation with tissue and species is also discussed. PMID- 7357097 TI - Identification of chlordanes and related compounds in goby-fish from Tokyo Bay. PMID- 7357099 TI - Arsenic and lead in an orchard environment. PMID- 7357098 TI - Selenium toxicity to Daphnia magna, Hyallela azteca, and the fathead minnow in hard water. PMID- 7357101 TI - Toxicity of selected arsenical compounds in short term bacterial bioassays. PMID- 7357100 TI - Action and structure - activity relationship of rotenoids as inhibitors of respiration in vitro. PMID- 7357102 TI - Effects of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDE on oxygen uptake in the freshwater planarian (Phagocata gracilis). PMID- 7357103 TI - Influence of pesticides and some of the oxidized analogues on microbial populations, nitrification and respiration activities in soil. PMID- 7357104 TI - Behavior of trifluralin in aquatic model ecosystems. PMID- 7357106 TI - Lead toxicosis and salt glands in domestic ducks. PMID- 7357109 TI - Toxicant effects on reproduction and disruption of the egg-length relationship in grass shrimp. PMID- 7357108 TI - Worker-crop contact analysis as a means of evaluating reentry hazards. PMID- 7357107 TI - Toxicology of ammonium sulfate in the lung. PMID- 7357110 TI - Characterization of the contamination of marijuana with paraquat. PMID- 7357105 TI - Efficiencies of liquid-liquid extraction, carbon, and XAD-2 absorption in isolating organic compounds from environmental sources. PMID- 7357111 TI - Effect of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate in the female rat: inhibition of hepatic and adrenal sterologenesis in vitro. PMID- 7357112 TI - Comparative study of uptake and tissue distribution of methylmercury in female rats by inhalation and oral routes of administration. PMID- 7357113 TI - In vitro metabolism of 14C-dieldrin and some of its metabolites in isolated nerve cords of Blaberus discoidalis. PMID- 7357114 TI - Effect of ammonium chloride on predatory consumption rates of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) on juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in laboratory streams. PMID- 7357115 TI - Histopathology of kidney of albino rat poisoned with uranyl nitrate. PMID- 7357116 TI - Field worker exposure and helicopter spray pattern of 2,4,5-T. PMID- 7357118 TI - Theoretical evaluation of aerosol deposition in anatomical models of mammalian lung airways. PMID- 7357117 TI - A possible physiological uptake mechanism of methylmercury by the marine bloodworm (Glycera dibranchiata). PMID- 7357119 TI - Theory of antigen-antibody induced particulate aggregation. I. General assumptions and basic theory. PMID- 7357120 TI - Theory of antigen-antibody induced particulate aggregation. II. Theoretical analysis and comparison with experimental results. PMID- 7357121 TI - Dipole theory of interactions of nerve signals. PMID- 7357123 TI - [Prisoners of war: FEV and long-term survival]. PMID- 7357124 TI - [Forced expiratory flow 25-75% in a population of non-smokers. Predicted normal values and limits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7357125 TI - Hyaluronic acid analysis and the diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma. PMID- 7357122 TI - The bronchodilator action of theophylline aerosol in subjects with chronic airflow obstruction. PMID- 7357126 TI - Acute effects on airways mechanics of pulmonary edema induced by intravenous oleic acid in dogs. PMID- 7357127 TI - Lung function in interstitial lung diseases in children. PMID- 7357129 TI - Why radiology? PMID- 7357128 TI - [Quality control of the measurement of the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7357130 TI - Oesophageal reflux and sliding hiatus hernia. PMID- 7357131 TI - How to intubate. PMID- 7357132 TI - Malignant melanoma. PMID- 7357133 TI - Effects of propranolol on baroreceptor reflex sensitivity in the conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) [proceedings]. PMID- 7357134 TI - Hypermotility of the amphetamine type induced by a constituent of khat leaves. AB - Khat leaves, widely used as a stimulant in East Africa and the Arab Peninsula, contain the alkaloid, (-)-cathinone. The effects of this substance on the locomotor activity of rats were compared to those of (+)-amphetamine. Both substances were found to induce a similar degree of hypermotility. Furthermore, the effect of (-)-cathinone on the locomotor behaviour of hypophysectomized rats was analogous to that reported for (+)-amphetamine in such animals. The results support the claim that the symptoms caused by the chewing of khat are amphetamine like. PMID- 7357135 TI - Acute hemodynamic effects of propranolol in the conscious spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) [proceedings]. PMID- 7357137 TI - Regional haemodynamic changes evoked by isoprenaline in conscious normotensive and renal hypertensive rabbits [proceedings]. PMID- 7357136 TI - The effect of sympathetic activity on vasomotor responses to methysergide in the femoral arterial bed of the anaesthetized dog [proceedings]. PMID- 7357138 TI - The interaction of antibiotics with ethinyloestradiol in the rat and rabbit [proceedings]. PMID- 7357139 TI - Species variations in the N-methylation and quaternization of [14C]-pyridine in vivo [proceedings]. PMID- 7357140 TI - Enhancement of antipyrine clearance and induction of antipyrine 4-hydroxylation by 3-methylcholanthrene in rats [proceedings]. PMID- 7357141 TI - Studies on the different metabolic pathways of antipyrine as a tool in the assessment of the activity of different drug metabolizing enzyme systems in man [proceedings]. PMID- 7357142 TI - Increased lipid peroxidation and decreased hepatic aminopyrine metabolism during carrageenin-induced granulomatous inflammation in the rat [proceedings]. PMID- 7357143 TI - Release of lysosomal phospholipase A from rabbit neutrophil leucocytes [proceedings]. PMID- 7357144 TI - Metabolism and incorporation in the tissues of arachidonic acid in normal and essential fatty acid deficient rats [proceedings]. PMID- 7357145 TI - Effects of exogenous arachidonic acid on the anti-inflammatory actions of dexamethasone in the rat [proceedings]. PMID- 7357146 TI - U-46619, a selective thromboxane A2-like agonist? [proceedings]. PMID- 7357147 TI - The effect of GABA on the conductance of Ascarid muscle [proceedings]. PMID- 7357149 TI - Some neurochemical effects of chronic oral administration of ethanolamine O sulphate to rats [proceedings]. PMID- 7357148 TI - Induction of analgesia and morphine potentiation by irreversible inhibitors of GABA-transaminase [proceedings]. PMID- 7357150 TI - The effect of some anaesthetic agents on [3H]-GABA release from rat brain slices [proceedings]. PMID- 7357151 TI - Regional changes in cerebral glucose utilization in kindled rats during convulsions [proceedings]. PMID- 7357152 TI - PGE2 mediated negative feedback of noradrenaline overflow in the central nervous system [proceedings]. PMID- 7357153 TI - Release of [3H]-noradrenaline from the guinea-pig vas deferns by ethacrynic acid [proceedings]. PMID- 7357154 TI - Catecholamine receptors in thoracic spinal cord [proceedings]. PMID- 7357155 TI - Hydrocortisone-induced inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis in rat leucocytes. AB - Rat peritoneal luecocytes incubated with hydrocortisone (10 micrograms/ml) release a factor which inhibits prostaglandin generation. The steroid-induced inhibitor, which mediates the anti-phospholipase effect of antiinflammatory steroids, may be a protein or a polypeptide since its formation is blocked by cycloheximide, a known inhibitor of protein synthesis. PMID- 7357156 TI - Three types of muscarinic receptors? [proceedings]. PMID- 7357157 TI - Effects of p-chloromercuribenzoate on muscarinic receptor binding in rat brain [proceedings]. PMID- 7357158 TI - Effects of glucocorticoids on acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction [proceedings]. PMID- 7357159 TI - Direct effects of glucocorticoids at the neuromuscular junction [proceedings]. PMID- 7357160 TI - Effect of histamine upon core and tail skin temperature of the conscious restrained rat [proceedings]. PMID- 7357162 TI - Comparison of various prostaglandins (PG's) on the in vitro longitudinal uterine smooth muscle of the rat and guinea-pig. PMID- 7357161 TI - Therapeutic concentrations of diazepam potentiate the effects of adenosine on isolated cardiac and smooth muscle [proceedings]. PMID- 7357163 TI - Dose-dependent nature of the interaction of fibrinogen-degradation products and 5 hydroxytryptamine on various vascular smooth muscle preparations [proceedings]. PMID- 7357164 TI - Interaction of adenosine with adenylate cyclase in rat fat cell membranes [proceedings]. PMID- 7357165 TI - Effect of oxytocin on 45Ca movements and contractile responses in the rat isolated aorta [proceedings]. PMID- 7357166 TI - Diuretic and antidiuretic responses to oxytocin administration in the rat [proceedings]. PMID- 7357167 TI - Inhibition of angiotensin-induced drinking by ergot alkaloids [proceedings]. PMID- 7357168 TI - Structure-activity relationships of bradykinin potentiating peptides [proceedings]. PMID- 7357170 TI - Interactions between chlordiazepoxide and food deprivation determining choice in food-preference test [proceedings]. PMID- 7357169 TI - Antioestrogenic derivatives of nafoxidine stimulate progesterone receptor synthesis in vivo [proceedings]. PMID- 7357171 TI - Fenfluramine; continuous monitoring of its effects of feeding and drinking in rats [proceedings]. PMID- 7357172 TI - Behavioural and EEG studies on an anaesthetic enkephalin peptide [proceedings]. PMID- 7357173 TI - Evidence for dopamine receptors on GABA-releasing nerve terminals in rat nucleus accumbens [proceedings]. PMID- 7357174 TI - Neurotoxicity of kainate and the inactivation of L-glutamate in vivo [proceedings]. PMID- 7357175 TI - Effects of some amino acids on K+-induced release of [3H]-DA from rat striatal tissue [proceedings]. PMID- 7357176 TI - Regional changes in brain dopamine receptor function during six months trifluoperazine administration to rats [proceedings]. PMID- 7357177 TI - Identification of two sulphur containing urinary metabolites of cinnamic aldehyde in the rat [proceedings]. PMID- 7357178 TI - The information content of pharmacological experiments [proceedings]. PMID- 7357179 TI - Metabolism and toxicity of acrylates and methacrylates [proceedings]. PMID- 7357180 TI - A model of transient neutropenia in the rat [proceedings]. PMID- 7357181 TI - The effect of metiamide on protracted anaphylaxis in the guinea-pig [proceedings]. PMID- 7357182 TI - Evidence in vivo for a 5-hydroxytryptamine link in dopamine-receptor-mediated hypothermia in the rat [proceedings]. PMID- 7357183 TI - Does 5-hydroxytryptamine influence the facilitating effect of fenfluramine on glucose uptake into rat isolated hemidiaphragm? [proceedings]. PMID- 7357184 TI - Effects of 5-hydroxytryptophol, a 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolite, on isolated cerebral arteries of the dog. AB - 5-Hydroxytryptophol (5-HTOL) caused a dose-dependent contraction of helically-cut strips of dog cerebral arteries. The 5-HTOL-induced contraction was suppressed by cinanserin, as was the contraction induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Treatment with 5-HTOL shifted the dose-response curve for 5-HT to the right and downward in a dose-dependent manner, but did not attenuate the contractile response to prostaglandin F2a. It may be concluded that 5-HTOL elicits cerebroarterial contractions by activating tryptaminergic receptors and also interferes with the action of 5-HT on the receptors. PMID- 7357185 TI - Modulation of nuclear oestrogen receptor levels by oestrogen and antioestrogen [proceedings]. PMID- 7357186 TI - Reduced antioestrogenic activity in derivatives of tamoxifen unable to undergo metabolic p-hydroxylation [proceedings]. PMID- 7357187 TI - Further evidence for an interaction of propranolol with the central 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor [proceedings]. PMID- 7357188 TI - On the importance of mesolimbic mechanisms for the control of apomorphine induced climbing behaviour in the mouse [proceedings]. PMID- 7357189 TI - Intravenous bicuculline in mice facilitates in vivo evaluation of drugs affecting GABA like mechanisms [proceedings]. PMID- 7357190 TI - The isolated anococcygeus muscle of the mouse [proceedings]. PMID- 7357191 TI - A comparison of the effects of agonist drugs on nerve-induced contractions of the rat bisected vas deferens [proceedings]. PMID- 7357192 TI - Mechanism of action of dopamine on the guinea-pig isolated gastroesophageal junction [proceedings]. PMID- 7357194 TI - Effect of verapamil on rhythmic contractions in isolated rat vasa deferentia [proceedings]. PMID- 7357195 TI - Effect of dihydroergotamine on the arteriovenous oxygen content difference and shunting of 15 micrometers microspheres over the cranial circulation of the cat [proceedings]. PMID- 7357193 TI - The effects of Cd2+ on the myogenic activity and the responsiveness of the rat portal vein to perimural stimulation, noradrenaline and potassium ions [proceedings]. PMID- 7357197 TI - The cardiovascular effects of some N,N-dialkylated derivatives of 2-amino-5,6 dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene after central or peripheral administration in rats [proceedings]. PMID- 7357196 TI - Time dependence of the interaction between histamine and histamine receptor antagonists in the cardiovascular system [proceedings]. PMID- 7357198 TI - Prophylactic administration of antibiotics compromises reticuloendothelial system function and exacerbates shock mortality in rats. AB - The effects of short-term (3 days) administration of three different antimicrobial agents (i.e., kanamycin, cephalothin and polymyxin B) on reticuloendothelial system (RES) phagocytic function and mortality after bowel ischaemic shock was studied in intact rats. All three antibiotics significantly depressed RES phagocytic function and exacerbated mortality after shock. The degree of antibiotic-induced inhibition of RES function seemed to parallel the antimicrobial effects on shock mortality; the greater the degree of RES inhibition, the greater the degree of exacerbation of shock mortality. In view of such findings, caution should be exercised in administering antibiotics prophylactically to patients and animals. PMID- 7357199 TI - Comparative electrophysiological effects of Org 6001, a new orally active antidysrhythmic agent, and lignocaine on human ventricular muscle. AB - 1 The electrophysiological effects of Org 6001, a new orally active antidysrhythmic agent, have been compared with those of lignocaine on the human ventricular action potential in vitro.2 Org 6001 (4 to 16 mg/l) greatly reduced the maximum rate of depolarization (MRD) of the human ventricular action potential but had no effect on resting membrane potential or action potential amplitude.3 The action potential duration at the 50% repolarization level, but not at the 90% repolarization level, was significantly reduced by Org 6001. The absolute refractory period was unchanged.4 Lignocaine, at a concentration (4 mg/l) within the therapeutic range, had no significant effect on any measured parameter, either in muscle exposed to a normal (4.0 mM) or high (5.4 mM) extracellular potassium concentration ([K(+)](o)).5 Higher concentrations of lignocaine (8 to 16 mg/l) did, however, reduce MRD at both [K(+)](o) without changing resting membrane potential or action potential amplitude. The action potential duration was decreased slightly by these higher concentrations of lignocaine whilst the absolute refractory period was lengthened.6 Org 6001 was found to be more potent than lignocaine in reducing MRD but, unlike lignocaine, the absolute refractory period was not prolonged. These compounds, therefore, differed in their electrophysiological effects on human ventricular muscle although both are characterized as being class 1 antidysrhythmic drugs. PMID- 7357200 TI - On the preparation of highly purified slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS A) from biological extracts. AB - 1 Very highly purified (greater than 100,000 u/mg) slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) has been prepared by reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) techniques. 2 High resolution liquid chromatography suggests that SRS-A may exist in at least three distinct forms which are possible tautomeric. 3 SRS-A collected by antigen challenge in vivo and by calcium ionophore-induced release in vitro are chromatographically indistinguishable. 4 Treatment of SRS-A with diazomethane but not sodium borohydride results in a loss of biological activity but treatment of the methyl ester with base results in a partial recovery of activity. 5 Highly purified SRS-A was examined by infrared and ultra-violet spectroscopy, and found to have a benzene-aromatic and probably an amino acid. PMID- 7357201 TI - Kinetics of morphine-sensitive [3H]-acetylcholine release from the guinea-pig myenteric plexus. AB - 1 Longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparations from the guinea-pig ileum were superfused at a constant rate while isotonic contractions were monitored. 2 The preparations were superfused with [3H]-choline while stimulated supramaximally at 0.1 Hz followed by washout in the presence of hemicholinium-3. The evoked release of the label due to a second 0.1 Hz stimulation in the absence of an anticholinesterase was measured. 3 Evoked efflux of the label was initially fast followed by a slower phase. 4 Morphine reduced the size of the pool and the rate of the initial fast efflux and the size of the pool but not the rate of the slow efflux evoked by supramaximal stimulation. 5 Submaximal stimulation reduced only the size of the pools from which the fast and slow efflux originated. 6 Naloxone reversed the depression of contractions and evoked release produced by morphine. 7 Results suggest that 0.1 Hz stimulation releases [3H]-acetylcholine simultaneous from two pools. The fast release may originate from spontaneously firing units whose rate of discharge is depressed by morphine, while the slow release originates from neurones which do not fire spontaneously and whose threshold to field stimulation is increased by morphine. PMID- 7357203 TI - A comparison of rates of depletion and recovery of noradrenaline stores of peripheral and central noradrenergic neurones after reserpine administration: importance of neuronal activity. AB - 1 The noradrenaline (NA) content of various peripheral sympathetic neuroeffector organs and brain was measured at various times after different doses of reserpine administered to the rat.2 About a 25% reduction in the NA content of the heart was observed 24 h after 0.005 mg/kg reserpine. Two to ten times more reserpine was needed to obtain an approximately similar degree of depletion in the salivary gland and vas deferens; 0.1 mg/kg produced almost complete depletion in the heart and salivary gland, whereas 5 mg/kg was needed to deplete the vas deferens of its NA content.3 The NA content of the brain and superior cervical ganglion was lowered by 20 to 30% in 24 h only when the reserpine dose was raised to 0.1 mg/kg, and 5 to 10 mg/kg was required to obtain over 95% depletion.4 The rates of recovery of cardiac and salivary gland NA stores, after about 80 to 100% depletion by low and high doses of reserpine, were almost identical. About 50% restoration occurred in 7 to 15 days after a single dose of 0.1 mg/kg reserpine.5 The superior cervical ganglion, the NA content of which was fully depleted by 10 mg/kg, showed almost complete recovery in about 7 days.6 Transmural stimulation of the left atrium of the guinea-pig for 30 min (5 Hz for 30 s/min), or exposure of the atrium to reserpine (5 mug/ml) for 30 min, caused modest but statistically insignificant reduction in tissue NA content. However, stimulation in the presence of reserpine 5 mug/ml for 30 min produced about 50% depletion of NA.7In vitro reduction in NA content caused by reserpine plus transmural stimulation, was even more pronounced after treatment of the isolated vas deferens of the rat with tetraethylammonium.8 It is suggested that different rates of depletion following in vivo administration of reserpine are mainly due to variation in neuronal activity of different sympathetic neuroeffector organs. PMID- 7357204 TI - Actions of 4-aminopyridine on vascular smooth muscle tissues of the guinea-pig. AB - 1 Effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and procaine on the membrane and contractile properties of smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig pulmonary artery and portal vein were observed.2 The membrane potential and length constant of smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig pulmonary artery were -53.2 mV and 1.2 mm, respectively, and those of the portal vein were -52.6 mV and 0.71 mm, respectively. The membrane was electrically quiescent in the pulmonary artery and it was electrically active in the portal vein.3 Both 4-AP and procaine depolarized the membrane, increased the membrane resistance and suppressed the rectifying properties in both tissues. Both agents evoked a graded response from the muscle membranes of the pulmonary artery by outward current pulse. Procaine had a greater effect than 4-AP on the above membrane properties.4 4-AP (10(-5) M) produced contraction without depolarization of the membrane. The contraction evoked by 10(-5) M 4-AP was completely suppressed but that evoked by 5 x 10(-4) M 4-AP was only partly suppressed by phentolamine (10(-7) M). However, the contraction evoked by procaine was not suppressed by phentolamine.5 4-AP enhanced but procaine suppressed the amplitude of 118 mM [K](0)-induced contraction.6 The results suggest that 4-AP and procaine suppress K-conductance of the muscle membrane, and 4-AP but not procaine increases noradrenaline release from the nerve terminal. Presumably intracellular free Ca concentrations are also modified by these agents. The effects of 4-AP and procaine on the vascular muscle were compared with those on other excitable tissues. PMID- 7357202 TI - The stimulatory effects of neurotensin and related peptides in rat stomach strips and guinea-pig atria. AB - 1 The stimulatory effects of neurotensin (NT) and several NT fragments were evaluated in two pharmacological preparations: rat stomach strips and isolated spontaneously beating atria of guinea-pigs.2 In rat stomach strips, NT elicited a dose-dependent contractile effect in concentrations varying between 1.3 x 10(-9) and 5.4 x 10(-7) M.3 The contractile effect of NT (1.3 and 5.4 x 10(-8) M) in this tissue was not modified by atropine (3.4 x 10(-7) M), methysergide (2.0 x 10(-6) M), a mixture of cimetidine (8.0 x 10(-6) M) and diphenhydramine (7.8 x 10(-6) M), indomethacin (1.4 x 10(-5) M), 8-Leu-angiotensin II (1.0 x 10(-6) M), glucagon (2.0 x 10(-6) M) or somatostatin (3.0 x 10(-7) M).4 Rat stomach strips desensitized by bradykinin (6.1 x 10(-6) M) or substance P (7.4 x 10(-6) M) maintained their sensitivities to NT (1.3 and 5.4 x 10(-8) M).5 In guinea-pig atria, NT produced a dose-dependent positive inotropic action in concentrations varying between 5.4 x 10(-10) and 2.7 x 10(-7) M.6 The inotropic effect of NT (2.7 x 10(-9) M) was not influenced by methysergide (2.8 x 10(-6) M), atropine (3.4 x 10(-7) M), practolol (1.5 x 10(-5) M), 8-Leu-angiotensin II (1.0 x 10(-6) M), or indomethacin (1.4 x 10(-5) M), but it was reduced by 37% by cimetidine (4.0 x 10(-5) and 2.0 x 10(-4) M). A combination of cimetidine (4.0 x 10(-5) M) and diphenhydramine (3.9 x 10(-6) M) did not produce a greater inhibition of NT than cimetidine alone.7 Atria desensitized by bradykinin (6.1 x 10(-6) M) or glucagon (2.0 x 10(-6) M) maintained their sensitivities to NT (2.7 x 10(-9) M). Substance P was inactive both as an agonist or antagonist of NT.8 These results suggest the existence of specific NT receptors in rat stomach strips and guinea pig atria.9 The data derived from our structure-activity study suggest that the minimum structure required for the full stimulation of NT receptors in these two preparations is H-Arg(9)-Pro(10)-Tyr(11)-Ile(12)-Leu(13)-OH. The sequence PyroGlu(1)-Leu(2)-Tyr(3)-Glu(4)-Asn(5)-Lys(6)-Pro(7)-Arg(8)- and the amino acids Ile(12) and Leu(13) appear to contribute mainly to the affinity or binding of NT to its receptor. The chemical groups responsible for the full activation (intrinsic activity) of NT receptors seem to be located in the sequence -Arg(9) Pro(10)-Tyr(11). PMID- 7357205 TI - Failure of anti-inflammatory steroids to inhibit prostaglandin production by rat polymorphonuclear leucocytes. AB - 1 Like rabbit polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes, rat peritoneal glycogen-induced PMN leucocytes produced much greater amounts of prostaglandin when incubated with killed bacteria than in the absence of phagocytosable material. 2 Rat PMN leucocytes mainly prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), in amounts up to 17 ng/10(6) cells in 90 min incubation, some 25 times the amount produced by resting cells. 3 Indomethacin and meclofenamic acid inhibited prostaglandin production by resting and phagocytosing cells, the IC50 being of the order of 10(-6) to 10(-7) M for both drugs. 4 Hydrocortisone and dexamethasone at concentrations up to 10(-4) M did not cause significant dose-related inhibition of prostaglandin production in this system. 5 It is suggested that the phagocytosing PMN leucocyte is insensitive to the action of anti-inflammatory steroids with respect to prostaglandin production. PMID- 7357206 TI - Evidence for two types of excitatory receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine in dog isolated vasculature. AB - 1 As part of an investigation into the mode of action of anti-migraine drugs, a study of the excitatory receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has been carried out in a range of isolated vascular preparations from the dog.2 5-HT contracted the dog isolated femoral artery and saphenous vein over the concentration-range 1.0 x 10(-8) to 5.0 x 10(-6) mol/l.3 In the femoral artery methysergide and cyproheptadine were potent, competitive and specific antagonists of the contractile responses to 5-HT, with pA(2) values of 8.52 and 8.55 respectively.4 In the saphenous vein, methysergide was only a weak antagonist of 5-HT. In addition, it was an agonist over the concentration-range 5.0 x 10(-8) to 1.0 x 10(-5) mol/l. Cyproheptadine was a weak and unsurmountable antagonist of contractile responses to 5-HT and methysergide.5 Contractile responses to 5-HT and methysergide in the saphenous vein were not antagonized by morphine (3.0 x 10(-5) mol/l), indomethacin (5.0 x 10(-5) mol/l), phentolamine (5.0 x 10(-7) mol/l), propranolol (1.0 x 10(-6) mol/l), atropine (1.0 x 10(-6) mol/l), mepyramine (1.0 x 10(-6) mol/l) or cimetidine (1.0 x 10(-5) mol/l).6 In the external carotid and lingual arteries the pattern of activity obtained with methysergide and cyproheptadine was the same as that in the femoral artery, while in the auricular artery the pattern of activity was the same as that in the saphenous vein.7 The results are consistent with the hypothesis that there are two types of receptor mediating 5-HT-induced vasoconstriction in dog vasculature. One type, characterized by the pattern of activity obtained in the femoral artery, is like the previously described ;D-receptor'. The other type, characterized by the pattern of activity obtained in the saphenous vein, has not been described before. The verification of this hypothesis requires the identification of a specific antagonist of 5-HT and methysergide in the saphenous vein. PMID- 7357207 TI - A calcium-dependent acetylcholine depolarization blocked by methoxyverapamil (D600) and procaine in snail neurones. AB - 1 Repetitive application of acetylcholine (ACh) revealed two types of ACh depolarization in two types of snail neurone, depending on their desensitization properties. 2 Further experiments were carried out on neurones which displayed a rapidly desensitizing response. 3 The amplitude of the response depended on the external sodium and calcium levels. 4 Procaine antagonized ACh effects with the same efficiency as atropine or hexamethonium, half maximal depression being obtained at a concentration of 10(-4) M. The blocking effect was independent of the dose of ACh. 5 The depression of the ACh-induced depolarization by cobalt ions and D600 suggests that calcium may participate in this response. PMID- 7357208 TI - A comparison in vitro of the vasoconstrictor responses of the mesenteric arterial vasculature from the chicken and the duckling to nervous stimulation and to noradrenaline. AB - 1 The vasoconstrictor responses of isolated mesenteric arterial vasculature of 2 to 5 week old domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus) and domestic ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) to periarterial nerve stimulation and to intra- and extra-vascular noradrenaline were compared.2 The tissues were perfused at a constant flow rate (2 ml/min) and the change in perfusion pressure produced by the various stimuli was used as a measure of the vasoconstrictor response. In a further study a constant pressure (50 mmHg)-variable flow system was used to corroborate the findings with the constant flow system.3 The mean pressure response produced by nervous stimulation in the duckling mesentery (137 +/- 62 mmHg) was approximately 3 times greater than that produced in the chicken mesentery (46 +/- 29 mmHg; P < 0.001). Cocaine hydrochloride (1 x 10(-5) M) potentiated the responses in the duckling but not in the chicken.4 The mean maximum pressure response evoked by intravascular noradrenaline in the duckling (170 +/- 27 mmHg) was significantly greater than that in the chicken (92 +/- 32 mmHg; P < 0.001). Cocaine produced a similar degree of potentiation in the 2 species.5 The mean maximum pressure response evoked by extravascular noradrenaline in the chicken (70 +/- 23 mmHg) was significantly greater than that in the duckling (36 +/- 25 mmHg; P < 0.001) which was the converse of the effect for intravascular noradrenaline. Cocaine produced a much greater potentiation of the responses to extravascular noradrenaline in the duckling than in the chicken.6 The results from the constant pressure study were similar to the corresponding findings in the constant flow studies. Nervous stimulation arrested flow in the duckling mesentery but not in the chicken. The maximum reduction in flow rate produced by intravascular noradrenaline was significantly greater in the duckling than in the chicken (P < 0.001).7 Quantitative histological studies were performed on transverse sections of arteries prepared with haematoxylin and eosin staining and histochemical fluorescence from 4 chickens and 4 ducklings. The mean wall thickness:lumen diameter ratios of the primary and secondary branches of the duckling mesenteric arterial vasculature were 1.8 and 4.3 times greater than those of the chicken respectively (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001). The mean density of noradrenergic innervation of the main artery and its primary branches in the duckling was 1.7 and 2.4 times greater than that of the chicken respectively (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01).8 The functional differences demonstrated in this study can be explained, at least partially, on the basis of the structural differences observed. During diving in the duck, intense peripheral vasoconstriction is believed to conserve the limited oxygen stores for those tissues most sensitive to oxygen lack. The structural and functional findings in the present study reveal that the duckling mesenteric arterial vasculature is well adapted to produce powerful vasoconstriction and hence play its role in oxygen conservation during diving. PMID- 7357209 TI - Preliminary pharmacological characterization of the bovine isolated bronchial artery strip: a new preparation. AB - 1 This paper describes a preliminary pharmacological study of the isolated helical strip of bovine bronchial artery under isotonic conditions in Krebs Henseleit solution. 2 The tissue contracted to histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), actions which were selectively antagonized by mepyramine and methysergide respectively. Histamine was not inhibited by metiamide and 5-HT was not affected by morphine. 3 Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and PGE2 were spasmogenic, whereas PGE1 caused relaxation. No potential antagonists of these agents were tested. 4 Carbachol, at all concentrations, caused contractions of the bronchial artery which were completely, irreversibly blocked by atropine. 5 The spasmogenic action of phenylephrine was selectively blocked by dibenamine. Vessel strips which were partially contracted to histamine, relaxed to isoprenaline and salbutamol. The action of isoprenaline was inhibited similarly by either propranolol or practolol. The evidence therefore suggests the presence of functional alpha, beta 1 and beta 2-adrenoceptors. PMID- 7357210 TI - Central respiratory and circulatory depression caused by intravascular saxitoxin. AB - 1 In cats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone and vagotomized, observations were made on the phrenic nerve action potential and the diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) at constant end-tidal Pco(2). Arterial blood pressure was stabilized by intravenous infusions of noradrenaline.2 Intravenous administration of saxitoxin (STX) initially abolished respiratory activity in the EMG and caused a slowing of oscillation in the central phrenic neurogram. Additional STX produced apneustic phrenic discharges followed by a progressive loss of nerve action potentials.3 The inspiratory centre in the medulla oblongata was stimulated electrically to evoke a sustained phrenic nerve discharge. STX, given intravenously, resulted in the elimination of spontaneous nerve activity without interfering with the evoked response.4 The cephalic intravascular infusion of STX into a carotid or vertebral artery depressed spontaneous respiratory activity while sparing EMG activity evoked by electrical stimulation of the intact phrenic nerve.5 Spontaneous respiratory discharge in the phrenic nerve was eliminated by smaller doses of STX administered intra-arterially than were required intravenously. In addition, onset of and recovery from neural silence occurred faster following intra arterial injection of STX.6 Depressant effects on arterial blood pressure coincided with those on respiration when STX was given intra-arterially.7 An electrophysiological assay on frog sartorius muscle was used to measure STX in the cerebrospinal fluid. Levels of STX detected were proportional to amounts of the toxin infused intra-arterially.8 It is concluded that STX exchanges rapidly between blood and brain to bring about central depression and this adds to its peripheral paralytic actions. PMID- 7357213 TI - Depot injections for affective disorders. PMID- 7357212 TI - Potentiation by dilazep on the negative inotropic effect of adenosine on guinea pig atria. AB - 1 Dilazep, a coronary dilator, has been reported to potentiate the negative inotropic and negative chronotropic responses of guinea-pig atria to adenosine. Studies were made on the mechanism of the potentiating action of dilazep with special reference to the degradation and uptake of adenosine. 2 The negative inotropic actions of adenosine and adenine nucleotides, such as ATP, ADP, AMP and cyclic AMP, on guinea-pig atria were selectively and dose-dependently augmented by dilazep at concentrations insufficient to produce any effect alone (0.01 to 1 microM). 3 Incubation of atrial tissue with 8.8 nM adenosine, containing 0.1 microCi of [3H]-adenosine, resulted in accumulation of [3H]-adenosine in the tissue; dilazep (0.01 to 1 microM) inhibited this accumulation. 4 Adenosine (10 microM to 10 mM) was degraded to inosine and hypoxanthine during incubation with atrial tissue; dilazep (0.1 to 10 microM) retarded the disappearance of adenosine and the formation of inosine and hypoxanthine. 5 These results suggest that dilazep potentiates the negative inotropic effect of adenosine on guinea-pig atria by preventing both its accumulation by atrial tissue and degradation by deaminase. PMID- 7357211 TI - Some effects of sodium nitroprusside, methoxyverapamil (D600) and nifedipine on rat portal vein. AB - 1 The effects of methoxyverapamil (D600), nifedipine and sodium nitroprusside on noradrenaline-induced electrical and mechanical activity in rat portal vein have been examined. 2 D600 and nifedipine produced a concentration-dependent reduction in mechanical responses to noradrenaline whilst sodium nitroprusside had no effect. The effects of D600 and nifedipine were reversed by increasing the extracellular calcium concentration. 3 The mechano-inhibitory effects of D600 were accompanied by a marked reduction in electrical activity with some evidence of electromechanical uncoupling. 4 The mechano-inhibitory effects of nifedipine were associated with considerable electromechanical uncoupling. 5 It is concluded that in the concentrations used, D600 acts primarily by inhibiting calcium influx with some effect on electromechanical coupling whilst nifedipine interferes mainly with the coupling process. The inactivity of sodium nitroprusside suggests that the excitation-contraction coupling process in rat portal vein is relatively simple and further studies with this tissue seem indicated. PMID- 7357215 TI - The nurse's clinical role. PMID- 7357216 TI - The nurse's clinical role. PMID- 7357214 TI - Hysterical stupor and death. PMID- 7357217 TI - The validity of national suicide rates. PMID- 7357218 TI - Bipolar affective disorder in old age. AB - In a retrospective study of 67 elderly bipolar patients the first manic attack occurred at about age 60, often after a long period from the time of the first affective episode, after which further depressive episodes occurred. This calls into question Perris' criteria for unipolar diagnosis. Among the men, a preponderance of cerebral-organic disorders was found. The evidence for sub classification of bipolar disorders into secondary or symptomatic manias is discussed. The recurrent nature of the illness in old age stresses the need for further evaluation of lithium prophylaxis. PMID- 7357219 TI - Serum immunoglobulins and cognitive status in the elderly: i. A population study. AB - Fifty-seven cognitively impaired elderly had significantly elevated serum IgG (P less than or equal to 0.005) and IgA (P less than or equal to 0.01) levels and similar IgM levels, compared to a population of 65 elderly matched for age and sex, who did not manifest cognitive impairment. These findings are compatible with a current hypothesis that immunological factors may be important in the cognitive disorders observed with increasing frequency among the aged. PMID- 7357220 TI - Serum immunoglobulins and cognitive status in the elderly: 2. An immunological behavioral relationship? AB - In 42 patients with cognitive dysfunction (senile dementia) significant correlations between immunoglobulins and various tests of intelligence were observed. Serum IgG emerged as the single best predictor of behavioural status. There is need for further research in this field. PMID- 7357221 TI - Social deprivation amongst short stay psychiatric patients. AB - Two samples of newly admitted psychiatric patients were examined. Of 558 patients admitted during one year, 76 (13.7 per cent) came in from transitory accommodation or no fixed abode; of 456 patients discharged 131 (28.7 per cent) either changed address during their stay in hospital or left without known accommodation. Of 102 patients in the wards and day hospital on one day, 29 (28.4 per cent) came in from transitory accommodation or no fixed abode, 66 (64.7 per cent) were unemployed, 51 (50 per cent) were living alone. Of the 74 inpatients 30 (40.5 per cent) were homeless and 27 (36.5 per cent) had no visitors. These results indicate that many patients have lost their community supports by the time they reach hospital. PMID- 7357222 TI - Interhemispheric transfer of stereognostic information in chronic schizophrenics. AB - Ten chronic schizophrenic in-patients and ten matched normal controls were tested on a cross-hemispheric stereognostic task, using both meaningful objects and non meaningful shapes of wood, under four different retention intervals. The main finding was that the schizophrenic group but not the control group displayed deficits in intermanual transfer of tactual material, as compared to the same task performed within hands. The implications of this result are discussed in relation to the possibility that some basic neurological disorder may accompany schizophrenia. PMID- 7357225 TI - Parental loss in childhood and onset of manic-depressive illness. AB - Among 231 cases of manic-depressive illness parental loss before 17 years was high but was not associated with earlier onset of illness. PMID- 7357223 TI - Patterns of peptides and protein-associated-peptide complexes in psychiatric disorders. AB - Peptidic neurones may be considered as multisignal intergrators and transducers. When formation or release of peptide outstrips genetically determined breakdown capacity, overflow of peptides to the body fluids and urine may be expected. In this paper, pathological urinary chromatographic patterns of peptides are shown for genetic, functional and mixed disorders. Part symptoms of the disorders may be induced with the biologically isolated and purified peptides as well as with chemically synthesized peptides. PMID- 7357226 TI - Myasthenia gravis--the difficult diagnosis. AB - Twenty-six patients with proven myasthenia gravis were interviewed to assess the length of time between onset of symptoms, presentation to the general practitioner and diagnosis. In one third the initial diagnosis was psychiatric and the average time between presentation and correct diagnosis was 2.8 years for men, 1.2 years for premenopausal women and three weeks for postmenopausal women. Diagnosis could have been made much earlier if doctors had been familiar with early symptoms in this relatively rare disease. Symptoms and signs fluctuated and were at times absent, especially in the mornings. PMID- 7357228 TI - Attributions for delinquent behaviour: impact of consensus and consistency information. AB - Male and female subjects made judgements concerning the delinquent behaviours of a male stimulus person. A video-taped interview with the youth was presented along with a 'clinic folder' containing information about the consensus and the consistency of his behaviours. An interaction between these information dimensions was predicted. The results revealed three-way interactions (consensusoeconsistencyoesex of observer) on some items, but simple main effects on other items. The results were discussed in terms of the focus of attention created by the various items. When the focus was on the actor, consistency information dominated. A focus on the environment led to reliance on the consensus variations. Directing attention to both causal factors produced the interaction. PMID- 7357227 TI - Young children's awareness of violence in Northern Ireland: the influence of Northern Irish television in Scotland and Northern Ireland. AB - Children aged 5 to 6 years living in either a suburb of London or in a small town in Northern Ireland which has been virtually free from violence, were asked to make up stories in response to a series of pictures depicting such things as derelict houses or a train crash. More Northern Irish children mentioned bombs and explosions than did the London children. To investigate the possibility that this knowledge of explosions might be the result of at least incidental exposure to coverage of such events on Northern Irish television news a further study was initiated. Children from another relatively quiet part of Northern Ireland were compared with children from two separate areas of Scotland where television reception is only possible from Northern Ireland and from a third area in Scotland where Northern Ireland television news cannot be received. Children from those areas where Northern Irish television news can be received again outnumbered those from the control area in terms of mentions of the words bomb or explosion. PMID- 7357224 TI - Socio-economic status and mental morbidity in certain tribes and castes in India- a cross-cultural study. AB - The authors made a field-survey of mental morbidity in all the tribal and caste groups residing in a cluster of villages in West Bengal, India, and found that, in each group, higher socio-economic classes had higher rates of mental morbidity. Different groups having a similar cultural pattern showed no significant difference in their rates of morbidity. Groups having different cultural patterns differed significantly in their rates of morbidity. In the tribal groups some neurotic disorders were absent. PMID- 7357229 TI - Actor-observer differences in attributions for smoking: introducing ex-actors and attributions for failure to give up. PMID- 7357230 TI - A comparison of social skills training and contingent attention to improve behavioural deficits of chronic psychiatric patients. AB - Twelve chronic psychiatric patients were treated with either social skills training or contingent attention to improve behavioural assets or deficits noted on the ward by independently trained raters blind to experimental conditions. Treatment was applied across groups using a multiple-baseline format. Inspection of the data revealed that clinically significant improvements in socially appropriate assets and deficits observed on the ward resulted with social skills training but no substantiative change accrued due to the contingent attention. The behaviours selected for treatment were those which staff were most willing to reinforce. This variable may account, in part at least, for the generalization of treatment effects to the natural environment with persons who received social skills training. PMID- 7357231 TI - Psychoticism and thought disorder in psychiatric patients. AB - Schizophrenic patients, whether thought-disordered or not, were found to perform worse than other patients when sorting schematic faces, but not when sorting equivalent abstract material. This information-processing deficit was found to be related to self-rated psychoticism scores as well as to factor scores on the factor of schizophrenia derived from the analysis of psychiatrists' ratings of the patients on a large number of symptoms. PMID- 7357232 TI - The training and generalization of conversation behaviours in psychiatric in patients: a controlled study employing multiple measures across settings. AB - This report provides an account of a conversation training programme for psychiatric in-patients, developed on the basis of previous work in the area and on analyses of normal conversations carried out by the author. A further aim was to generalize these increases in social behaviour to patients' general ward settings. Generalization procedures include tasks for patients to do between training sessions and a reduction in the number of stimulus differences between treatment and generalization settings. Two control groups were employed to assess the effectiveness of this treatment as compared to (1) an existing behavioural approach to the problem of withdrawn patients and (2) a group who received similar increases in staff attention, tangible reinforcement, and who also had their own attention focused on social behaviour. This latter control group then went on to receive the training given to the experimental group. Patients were assessed before treatment, after treatment and at 8-week follow-up. Measures were taken on frequency of conversation during treatment, frequency of conversation on the ward, quality of various social behaviours during videotaped interviews and quality of social behaviours during audiotaped conversations. The results indicate the following: (1) both behavioural treatments increased patients' utterances during treatment sessions; (2) the experimental treatment was superior in generalizing this increased frequency, although these increases reduced at follow-up; (3) the experimental group show some superiority when assessed on videotape, and gains made in the quality of interaction do not reverse as markedly as in frequency; (4) on the audiotaped conversations, the experimental group improved their social ability considerably and these improvements were still evident at follow-up. The behavioural treatment control showed some improvements on generalized measures but not as much or as consistently as the experimental group. The attention control group went on to replicate the experimental group treatments and results. PMID- 7357233 TI - Post-hypnotic amnesia: seeing is not remembering. AB - Prior to the administration of the reversibility cue to cancel a suggestion for post-hypnotic amnesia, subjects were exposed to a videotape playback of the events of the hypnotic session in the presence of an independent experimenter. The specific application of this method (the Experiential Analysis Technique) was designed to maximally cue subjects to recall and report on amnesic events. Performance of highly susceptible subjects who viewed the videotape indicated that amnesic subjects commented on fewer items, stopped the videotape less, and verbalized less than did non-amnesic subjects. The cued recall of the amnesic group was also often item-specific rather than general, and allowed one to distinguish between the impact of behavioural and experiential events. For some subjects, amnesia clearly could not be completely broken by the presentation of maximal cueing. PMID- 7357234 TI - Non-operative removal of bile duct stones by duodenoscopic sphincterotomy. AB - Surgical exploration of the common bile duct carries considerable risks in elderly and frail patients. Peroral, fibreoptic duodenoscopy allows access to the papilla of Vater in sedated patients and the opportunity to perform a diathermy sphincterotomy for removal of bile duct stones. We have attempted sphincterotomy in 134 patients, most of whom had previously undergone cholecystectomy and had some contraindication to a further operation. Sphincterotomy was technically successful in 129 patients (96 per cent), and all duct stones were removed in 119 patients (92.5 per cent of successful sphincterotomies). The technique failed only once in 95 patients with stones less than 14 mm diameter. Immediate complications occurred in 10 patients, 3 of whom required emergency surgery; 1 patient died. Endoscopic diathermy sphincterotomy is a major therapeutic advance in the management of elderly and high risk patients with bile duct stones. No significant adverse effects have yet been revealed in follow-up studies. However, the possibility of long term complications dictates the need for caution in offering this procedure to young patients who are fit for reoperation. PMID- 7357235 TI - Iatrogenic choledochoduodenal fistula: an unsuspected cause of post cholecystectomy symptoms. AB - In the investigation of 90 patients referred with severe post-cholecystectomy problems, 8 patients were found at ERCP to have choledochoduodenal fistula. The clinical features associated with the fistula included pain with fever, jaundice or hyperamylasaemia. Reviewing the details of the original surgery and the endoscopic findings, it is suggested that most, if not all, of these fistulas are iatrogenic. Treatment by biliary bypass is recommended. PMID- 7357236 TI - A compaative study of methods for the prediction of severity of attacks of acute pancreatitis. AB - Diagnostic peritoneal lavage was carried out in 79 patients with acute pancreatitis, at a mean time of 7 h after admission to hospital. The presence of more than 10 ml of free peritoneal fluid, brown-coloured free fluid or mid-straw coloured lavage fluid was the criterion used for the prediction of a severe attack by lavage. Prior to lavage the attack was assessed as mild or severe by the clinician and reassessed by him at 24 and 48 h. All attacks were finally classified as mild or severe by means of a simple clinical grading scheme. There were 61 mild and 18 severe attacks (including 4 deaths). Initial clinical assessment correctly predicted only 39 per cent of the severe attacks compared with a 72 per cent succwss rate for diagnostic lavage. All the mild attacks were correctly predicted by clinical assessment but lavage was wrong in 3 out of 61 cases (95 per cent success rate). By 48 h after admission clinical assessment was comparable to systems using multiple criteria in its predictive value, success rates being 83 per cent and 82 per cent respectively for prediction of severe attacks. We did not find either the presence of methaemalbumin in the serum or the presence of hypocalcaemia to be of additional value. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage was the most accurate early guide to severity, and correctly predicted all patients who developed shock or died. PMID- 7357237 TI - Present concept of the Belsey mark IV procedure in gastro-oesophageal reflux and hiatus hernia. AB - One hundred patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux and hiatus hernia were treated at the North Middlesex Hospital, Regional Cardiothoracic Centre, between 1968 and 1969. All patients received surgical treatment by the Belsey mark IV technique with no significant complications. The 9-10 year follow-up has shown a recurrence rate of 10 per cent. The majority of recurrences occurred within 2 years of the initial operation. Seven of these recurrences had excellent results after a second mark IV repair. The improved quality of life in the successful cases was dramatic. This series indicates that a left transthoracic mark IV type of repair is a safe and reliable procedure and gives excellent results with relief of symptoms. PMID- 7357238 TI - Clinical results of 229 patients with duodenal ulcer 1-6 years after highly selective vagotomy. AB - The aim of this study was to assess the clinical results after highly selective vagotomy (HSV) when used routinely at a district general hospital. A total of 229 patients with chronic duodenal or prepyloric ulcers was included in a 92 per cent complete follow-up 1-6 years after an elective HSV without drainage. There was no postoperative mortality, and the frequency of postoperative complicatons was low. Transient dysphagia and early fullness each occurred in about a quarter of the patients, whereas persistent dumping was found only in 1.3 per cent and diarrhea in 2.2 per cent of the patients. Recurrent ulcer was diagnosed in 12.7 per cent of the patients, but this figure decreased to 9.3 per cent after exclusion of one of the 24 surgeons involved. The overall clinical results according to the modified Visick classification were recorded as excellent or very good in 70 per cent and unsatisfactory in 20 per cent. The failures were almost exclusively due to a proved or suspected recurrence or to gastric retention, and further operations have been performed on 27 of these patients. After reoperation only 8 patients (3.5 per cent) remained failures according to the patient's own judgement at the time of follow-up. The recurrence ratein this study was considered disquietingly high with regard to the short observation time. However, other obvious advantages of the method and the possibility of improved results after adjustment of the surgical technique were considered to justify continued use of HSV as a routine procedure. PMID- 7357239 TI - The management of childhood intussusception in a district hospital. AB - Fifteen out of 34 infants with intussusception admitted to a district hospital were found to require resection of gangrenous bowel or an anatomical lead point. This resection rate (44 per cent) is considerably higher than those reported from specialist centres which rely on hydrostatic reduction as their primary form of treatment. The difference is probably a reflection of the greater proportion of late cases seen in a district hospital. Complications were virtually confined to those children who had undergone resection and it is concluded that earlier referral to hospital is the single factor most likely to reduce morbidity. Operative management is advocated, although barium enema is a safe valuable adjunct to surgery. PMID- 7357240 TI - Intramural haematoma of the duodenum. AB - Five cases of traumatic intramural haematoma of the duodenum occurring in children are presented. Four of the cases were treated conservatively with nasogastric aspiration and intravenous fluids and it is suggested that this should be the treatment of choice in the majority of cases. Two of the cases were diagnosed initially as having appendicitis and during the exploratory procedure in one of these cases the haematoma was evacuated. PMID- 7357241 TI - Acute caecal volvulus. AB - Forty-one cases of acute caecal volvulus have been analysed. The diagnosis is rarely made on clinical grounds alone but plain radiography of the abdomen should suggest the diagnosis in nearly 90 per cent of cases. Prompt surgery is imperative. When the bowel is viable, simple caecopexy combined with tube caecostomy is effective in fixing and decompressing the bowel in the short term and prevents recurrence. PMID- 7357242 TI - The value of routine preoperative urological assessment in patients undergoing elective surgery for diverticular disease or carcinoma of the large bowel. AB - A consecutive series of 176 patients was studied prospectively in order to assess the value of full urological assessment prior to elective colorectal surgery for carcinoma or diverticular disease. Fifty-one patients had urological symptoms and 29 of these had an abnormal intravenous urogram (IVU); when compared with the 125 asymptomatic patients, they were twice as likely to develop acute retention of urine and four times more likely to require prostatectomy. Twenty of the 31 patients with an abdominal mass had an abnormal intravenous urogram, and the presence of this physical sign may be regarded as an absolute indication for IVU. Forty-five patients had a urological abnormality on the preoperative IVU; of these, 1 in 6 required treatment prior to elective large bowel surgery and 1 in 3 developed acute retention of urine postoperatively (half required prostatectomy). Twenty-two patients had a disease-related abnormality on preoperative IVU and in 12 planned urological surgery was undertaken at the time of the colorectal resection. In the 91 patients with no urological symptoms, no abnormal mass and normal blood urea and mid-stream urine sample, the incidence of IVU abnormalities and of postoperative complications was low and surgical management was not altered in these patients. PMID- 7357243 TI - The clinical significance of the pattern of elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in recurrent colorectal cancer. AB - Serial serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assays were performed in 148 patients after potentially curative surgery for colorectal cancer. Thirty-seven patients developed proved recurrent tumour in a follow-up period of 2-5 years. Elevated CEA levels were recorded in 36 of these patients and in 27 rising levels preceded clinical symptoms of recurrent tumour. Two distinct patterns of CEA rise were observed: a 'fast' rise in which serum concentrations reached 100 microgram/l within 6 months of the first elevation and a 'slow' rise in which concentrations remained less than 75 microgram/l for at least 12 months. The majority of patients with the 'fast' rise had metastatic spread, whereas most patients with a 'slow' rise had local recurrence alone. This differential pattern may help to predict the site of recurrent tumour. PMID- 7357244 TI - Severe leg ischaemia caused by anterior resection of the rectum. AB - A 45-year-old man developed severe leg ischaemia following anterior resection for rectal carcinoma. A previously unrecognized infrarenal aortic occlusion was also present. Division of important collateral arterial pathways during the anterior resection was the cause of ischaemia which contributed to the patient's death. Patients having rectal or colonic resection should be carefully assessed for aortoiliac occlusive disease. Extra-anatomical arterial reconstruction before the bowel resection would avoid this complication. PMID- 7357245 TI - Clinical and manometric evaluation of rectal prolapse and incontinence. AB - The clinical presentation and manometric findings in 46 patients with rectal prolapse and/or incontinence are reported. Basal and maximal squeeze pressures in the anal canal of patients with prolapse alone did not differ from the pressures in age and sex-matched controls whereas anal pressures in both groups of patients with incontinence were significantly lower than in controls. Physiotherapy and faradism had no therapeutic value in rectal prolapse but gave improvement in 30 per cent of patients with incontinence. Rectopexy gave satisfactory results in all the patients with prolapse and improved incontinence in 70 per cent. Post anal repair cured 87 per cent of patients with idiopathic anorectal incontinence or with persistent incontinence after rectopexy. No form of treatment was associated with any significant elevation of anal pressures. PMID- 7357246 TI - Absorbable haemostatic materials and intraperitoneal adhesion formation. AB - The effect of two absorbable haemostatic materials, oxidized cellulse gauze (Surgicel) and absorbable gelatin sponge (Sterispon) has been investigated in relation to intraperitoneal adhesion formation using the rat as experimental animal. Neither oxidized cellulose gauze nor absorbable gelatin sponge was associated with an increased incidence of adhesions. On the contrary, oxidized cellulose gauze was associated with a decreased incidence of adhesions. If haemostatic material is required in the peritoneal cavity, oxidized cellulose gauze may be preferable to absorbable gelatin sponge since it is associated with a lower incidence of adhesions. PMID- 7357247 TI - The effect of bile salts on the pancreatic duct mucosal barrier. AB - The effects of various bile salts on the permeability of the pancreatic duct in cats have been investigated. The sodium salts of cholic, glycocholic, taurocholic, chenodeoxycholic, glycochenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic and glycodeoxycholic acids were perfused through the main duct in concentrations similar to those found in the duodenal contents (15-42 mM). HCO3- and Cl- fluxes were determined before and after perfusion. The unconjugated dihydroxy bile salts increased permeability to these anions to a greater degree than the trihydroxy bile salt, but all were damaging to the duct when they were perfused at an alkaline pH (8.4-9.1). The glycine conjugates of the bile salts were as damaging as the unconjugated form, but 42 mM taurocholate was more damaging than 42 mM glycocholate. When 25 mM glycocholate was perfused at pH 2.4 there was potentiation of the damage produced during perfusion of glycocholate at pH 8.7. Sterile cat bile did not damage the duct, but infected bile did. The ability of bile salts to increase the permeability of the pancreatic ducts must be considered as a possible aetiological factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and malignant diseases of the pancreas. PMID- 7357248 TI - Physical characteristics of gallstones and the calibre of the cystic duct in patients with acute pancreatitis. AB - Forty-six gallbladders were examined for the number, weight, size and shape of their gallstones, and for the volume of flow, under conditions of constant pressure, that was transmitted by the cystic duct. Eighteen gallbladders were from patients who had previously suffered an attack of acute pancreatitis, and the other 28 were from control patients who had not had a known attack of pancreatitis. Cystic duct flow rates, which we assumed were related to cystic duct calibre, were greater in the pancreatitis group (mean = 282 ml/min) than in the controls (mean = 134 ml/min) (P less than 0.01). There were more stones in the gallbladders of the pancreatitis patients, and the mean stone weight was lower in this group (0.31 g compared with 0.74 g; P less than 0.02). Large stones were more frequently seen in the control gallbladders. Small, irregular or mulberry-shaped stones were the dominant stone type in 78 per cent of the pancreatitis group but in only 43 per cent of the controls (P less than 0.05). Thus a large-calibre cystic duct and numerous small stones with an irregular shape appeared to be more common in patients who had suffered acute pancreatitis, and may be factors in the pathogenesis of the attack. PMID- 7357249 TI - The saline dilution test--a preoperative predictor of DVT. AB - In vitro dilution of blood with normal saline produces an increase in coagulability which can be accurately measured by the thrombelastograph. The degree to which the coagulability of an individual patient's blood is increased by such dilution appears to be directly related to that patient's risk of developing a postoperative deep venous thrombosis. In a small group of patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, a preoperative test based on the coagulability increase after in vitro saline dilution successfully predicted all those who subsequently developed a postoperative deep venous thrombosis on 125I fibrinogen scanning. PMID- 7357250 TI - Fibrinolysis and the prediction of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. AB - Fibrinolytic activity was measured in 28 patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery in order to assess the value of fibrinolytic activity as a predictive indicator of deep vein thrombosis. Eighty-nine non-smoking adults acted as controls. Fibrinolytic activity was estimated before and during operation, immediately postoperatively and 24 h and 48 h after operation. The onset of deep vein thrombosis was assessed daily for 5 days using 125I-fibrinogen uptake scans. Fibrinolytic activity in 9 patients changed significantly and 7 of these developed deep vein thrombosis. Preoperative assessment of fibrinolytic activity cannot alone predict deep vein thrombosis but changes in the pattern of activity may be of help in defining those at risk. PMID- 7357251 TI - The insertion of prostheses at mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast--a preliminary report. AB - There has been a move away from radical surgery for carcinoma of the breast to more conservative measures. However, even simple mastectomy causes considerable mutilation and is psychologically very upsetting for most patients. This has led to attempts at reconstruction of the breast and more recently to prostheses being inserted at the time of mastectomy (1). The early results of this procedure in 30 patients--the total experience of a general surgeon--are reported in this paper. PMID- 7357252 TI - Upper thoracic sympathectomy by transthoracic electrocoagulation. AB - Transthoracic electrocoagulation (TTEC) of the upper thoracic sympathetic chain is described. In 10 patients the technique was relatively simple and denervation was satisfactory in 9. One temporary Horner's syndrome was produced. The merits of this technique in a preliminary series are compared with other forms of treatment. PMID- 7357253 TI - The flight from science. PMID- 7357254 TI - Standard exercise test to assess peripheral arterial disease. AB - The fall in ankle systolic pressure after exercise serves as an objective indicator of the severity of haemodynamically important peripheral arterial disease. Twenty-six patients were studied to establish the effects of different work loads on the pressure response and to develop a test to standardise these effects. The patients walked for one or two minutes at 4 km/h and one or two minutes at 6 km/h, and the fall in pressure was the same when measured immediately after exercise. The time taken for the pressure to return to the pre exercise value varied. As the fall in pressure occurs after only one minute of exercise at 4 km/h on a 10% slope, this might be adopted as a standard test. It is acceptable to the patient, since claudication, angina, and shortness of breath rarely occur. It is sensitive enough to detect mild or asymptomatic disease and is useful in following up patients. PMID- 7357255 TI - Asthma induced by enkephalin. AB - A total of 291 diabetics were studied to see whether an asthmatic reaction was associated with facial flushing induced by chlorpropamide and alcohol. Of these patients, 191 reported facial flushing, of whom 12 reported breathlessness as well. Of these 12, five also described wheezing, and respiratory function tests showed them to have asthma. Three of these five patients underwent further tests, which showed that the asthmatic reaction could be prevented by giving disodium cromoglycate and the specific opiate antagonist naloxone. One patient developed wheezing when given an enkephalin analogue with opiate-like activity. Asthma induced by chlorpropamide and alcohol was concluded to be mediated by endogenous peptides with opiate-like activity such as enkephalin. PMID- 7357256 TI - Follow-up study of rubella vaccination in general practice. PMID- 7357257 TI - Polycythaemia vera and central sleep apnoea. PMID- 7357258 TI - Massive arterial thrombosis and oral contraception. PMID- 7357259 TI - Acute renal failure after major surgery. PMID- 7357260 TI - Who needs to see the psychiatrist? PMID- 7357261 TI - Outside Europe. An urban community health project. PMID- 7357262 TI - Unsolved problems for the '80s. PMID- 7357263 TI - My student elective. Problems in Peru. PMID- 7357264 TI - Randomised controlled trials and retrospective controls. PMID- 7357265 TI - Postnatal depression: does no one care? PMID- 7357266 TI - Decline of mortality from cardiovascular diseases in North Karelia. PMID- 7357267 TI - Renal impairment and lithium. PMID- 7357268 TI - Intravenous N-acetylcysteine: still the treatment of choice for paracetamol poisoning. PMID- 7357269 TI - Hepatitis and blood donation. PMID- 7357272 TI - Aggressive patients--what is the answer? PMID- 7357270 TI - Poisoning with chlormethiazole. PMID- 7357271 TI - Poisoning with chlormethiazole. PMID- 7357274 TI - Medical audit and clinical competence. PMID- 7357273 TI - Amnesty International's medical group. PMID- 7357275 TI - Multidisciplinary teams. PMID- 7357276 TI - Multidisciplinary teams. PMID- 7357277 TI - Cardiovascular mortality and altitude. PMID- 7357278 TI - Multidisciplinary teams. PMID- 7357279 TI - Multidisciplinary teams. PMID- 7357280 TI - Multidisciplinary teams. PMID- 7357282 TI - Domiciliary visits by consultants. PMID- 7357281 TI - Appointing house surgeons. PMID- 7357283 TI - Out-of-hours services by medical laboratory scientific officers. PMID- 7357284 TI - Payment for general practitioners in hospitals. PMID- 7357287 TI - The uneasy oesophagus. PMID- 7357286 TI - Drinking and driving: the leisurely approach. PMID- 7357285 TI - Penis captivus has occurred. PMID- 7357288 TI - Blows from the winter wind. PMID- 7357289 TI - How necessary are elimination diets in childhood? PMID- 7357291 TI - Postprandial gall-bladder emptying in patients with gall stones. AB - Gall-bladder emptying in response to a standard meal was assessed in 34 patients with radiolucent gall stones and 34 matched controls. Percentage gall-bladder emptying, derived from volume measurements made on standardised oral cholecystography, was significantly higher at 15 minutes in the patients than the controls (mean +/- SE of mean 38.0 +/- 3.7% v 28.0 +/- 3.8%). This difference was maintained at 30 and 60 minutes. It is concluded that postprandial gall-bladder emptying is increased in patients with cholesterol gall stones, and that this may be the cause of the small bile-acid pool found in these patients. PMID- 7357290 TI - Survival in sinoatrial disorder (sick-sinus syndrome). AB - A total of 381 patients with established (156) or potential (225) sinoatrial dysfunction were included in a 10-year prospective survey to determine the course of the disease and the benefits of pacing. With the exclusion of nine patients who were lost to follow-up, 61 were fitted with pacemakers. The overall survival of patients with established and potential dysfunction was similar and apparently indistinguishable from that of the normal population. Pacemaker implantation had little discernible effect on mortality though it reduced some incapacitating symptoms. These findings suggest that sinoatrial dysfunction is a relatively benign condition. Hence pacing should probably not be adopted as a routing measure but be reserved for patients with troublesome symptoms. PMID- 7357292 TI - Gall-bladder sensitivity to cholecystokinin in patients with gall stones. AB - Gall-bladder sensitivity to cholecystokinin (CCK) was determined by dynamic cholescintigraphy in 18 patients with radiolucent gall stones and 18 matched controls during an infusion of CCK in which the rate of infusion was increased. In 10 of the matched pairs the patient was more sensitive than the control, in one the control was more sensitive, and in seven no difference was detected (p = 0.012). It is concluded that patients with cholesterol gall stones have increased gall-bladder sensitivity to CCK, and that this may be important in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 7357293 TI - Role of non-medical staff in screening for breast cancer. AB - In a feasibility study of mass population screening for breast cancer by clinical examination and mammography the ability of non-medical staff (nurses and radiographers) to act as primary screeners was compared with that of medical staff (surgeons and radiologists). In 240 women with cancer the rate of detection of the disease by the non-medical staff was comparable to that of the medical staff, although the non-medical staff detected more cancers by mammography alone than did the medical staff. The rate of detection by surgeons and particularly nurses was lower in women without symptoms than in those with symptoms, whereas the incidence of detection by radiologists and radiographers was lower in women aged under 50 than in those over 50. The rate of detection by all groups of staff significantly increased with increases in tumour size. The results suggest that non-medical staff can act effectively as primary screeners, but that for the detection of cancer in asymptomatic women, particularly those over 50, mammography is probably more effective than clinical examination. PMID- 7357294 TI - Cimetidine for pruritus in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7357295 TI - Clearance of bacteriuria on discontinuing oral contraception. PMID- 7357296 TI - Non-haemolytic adverse reaction after transfusion of a blood unit containing penicillin. PMID- 7357297 TI - Weight gain between dialyses in diabetics: possible significance of raised intracellular sodium content. PMID- 7357298 TI - Infective endocarditis complicating psittacosis: response to rifampicin. PMID- 7357300 TI - Late displacement of central venous catheter resulting in vascular obstruction. PMID- 7357299 TI - Problems with intravenous chlormethiazole (Heminevrin) in status epilepticus. PMID- 7357301 TI - Hydrallazine-induced cutaneous vasculitis. PMID- 7357302 TI - My student elective. Acumen in the Transkei. PMID- 7357303 TI - Dislocated and dislocatable hip in the newborn. PMID- 7357304 TI - Are health services important to the people's health? PMID- 7357305 TI - Medical charities and prevention. PMID- 7357306 TI - Computers and urinary tract infection. PMID- 7357307 TI - Medical charities and prevention. PMID- 7357309 TI - Hypertension and special clinics. PMID- 7357312 TI - Dietary fibre and blood pressure. PMID- 7357308 TI - Whooping-cough immunization. PMID- 7357310 TI - Hypertension in general practice. PMID- 7357313 TI - Dietary fibre and blood pressure. PMID- 7357311 TI - Indomethacin treatment of postural hypotension in autonomic failure. PMID- 7357314 TI - Dietary fibre and blood pressure. PMID- 7357315 TI - Sclerosant treatment for hydroceles and epididymal cysts. PMID- 7357316 TI - Combined antidepressant treatment. PMID- 7357317 TI - Mebendazole and hydatid disease. PMID- 7357318 TI - Breathing difficulties in the newborn. PMID- 7357319 TI - Multiple sclerosis: what can and cannot be done. PMID- 7357320 TI - Resuscitation of the newborn. PMID- 7357321 TI - Multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7357322 TI - Rehabilitation. PMID- 7357325 TI - Tamoxifen-induced hypercalcaemia and response to treatment. PMID- 7357323 TI - Retrospective versus prospective controls in clinical trials. PMID- 7357324 TI - Iatrogenic collapse. PMID- 7357326 TI - A protection against beriberi. PMID- 7357328 TI - Medical audit and clinical competence. PMID- 7357327 TI - If I was forced to cut. PMID- 7357329 TI - A do-it-yourself medical centre. PMID- 7357330 TI - Tougher curbs on smoking. PMID- 7357331 TI - Sex distribution of distinction awards. PMID- 7357332 TI - Where have all the nurses gone? PMID- 7357333 TI - Abortion: a matter of clinical judgment. PMID- 7357334 TI - Experience with growth hormone treatment in Great Britain. PMID- 7357335 TI - A waste-cutting quango. PMID- 7357336 TI - Schizophrenia in different cultures. PMID- 7357338 TI - MDs or PhDs in medical research? PMID- 7357337 TI - Paraproteinaemia. PMID- 7357339 TI - Rational use of antibiotic therapy after appendicectomy. AB - A prospective randomised trial was carried out on 263 patients admitted for appendicectomy. In those patients with normal or inflamed appendix only, wound sepsis occurred in five (5%) of the 96 patients receiving metronidazole compared with seven (7%) of the 91 controls. In patients with gangrenous or perforated appendices, however, 15 of the 32 patients (47%) receiving ampicillin and five (16%) of 31 patients receiving metronidazole developed a wound infection (p less than 0.025). Therapeutic courses of metronidazole significantly reduced wound sepsis rate in those with gangrenous or perforated appendices. Together with another antibiotic it should form part of the management of such patients, but antibiotics are unlikely to reduce further the low rate of wound infection in patients with normal or inflamed appendices. PMID- 7357340 TI - Role of pituitary hormones in regulating renal vitamin D metabolism in man. AB - Studies in animals and tissue culture have shown the importance of prolactin and growth hormone in regulating renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity and plasma concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3). Evidence for a similar role for these hormones in man was sought by using a radioreceptor assay to measure plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations in 20 normal subjects, 12 patients receiving dialysis, 11 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, 10 pregnant women, seven women with prolactinoma, and 14 patients with acromegaly. Circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations were appreciably raised in the patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and the pregnant women (P less than 0.001), slightly but significantly increased in the patients with prolactinoma (P less than 0.05), and greatly raised in those with acromegaly (P less than 0.001). These results suggest that prolactin and growth hormone are important regulators of renal vitamin D metabolism in the physiological conditions of pregnancy, lactation, and growth in man. PMID- 7357341 TI - Predicting outcome of paracetamol poisoning by use 14C-aminopyrine breath test. AB - The 14C-aminopyrine (14C-amidopyrine) breath test, carried out within 24-36 hours of an overdosage of paracetamol, was used to predict the extent of liver damage in 30 seriously poisoned patients. Mean 14CO2 excretion was 4.4% in 20 healthy control subjects; 5.5% in six patients who escaped injury; and 2.9%, 1.5%, and 0.2% in those with mild to moderate (12 patients), severe (eight patients), and fatal (four patients) liver damage respectively. This test proved to be a more reliable predictor of the extent of liver damage than plasma paracetamol concentration or half life or the results of conventional liver function tests and may enable treatment of hepatic failure to be started at an early stage. PMID- 7357342 TI - Measurement of human fetal blood flow. AB - Real-time B-mode ultrasonography was combined with a pulsed Doppler ultrasound technique for transcutaneous measurement of human fetal blood flow in the aorta and intra-abdominal part of the umbilical vein. The target vessel was located and its diameter measured in the two-dimensional real-time image. The pulsed Doppler transducer was attached to the real-time transducer at a fixed angle. By processing the Doppler shift signals the instrument estimated the mean and maximum blood velocities and the integral under the velocity curves. This permitted calculation of the blood flow. The method was applied to 26 fetuses in normal late pregnancies. Mean blood flow in the descending part of the fetal aorta based on maximum velocity was 191 ml/kg/min. Mean flow in the intra abdominal part of the umbilical vein was 110 ml/kg/min. This method of measurement is non-invasive and opens new perspectives in studying fetal haemodynamics. PMID- 7357344 TI - Hypothermia during saturation diving in the North Sea. PMID- 7357343 TI - Cholesterol and mortality in New Zealand Maoris. AB - The relation between serum cholesterol concentration and mortality was studied prospectively over 11 years in 630 New Zealand Maoris aged 25-74. Serum cholesterol concentration was measured at initial examination in 1962-3 in 94% of the subjects and whether each was dead or alive was determined in 1974. The causes of death were divided into three categories: cancer, cardiovascular disease, and "other." The Mantel-Haenszel method of analysis of survivorship data showed a significant inverse relation between serum cholesterol concentration and overall mortality in men (x 2/2 = 11.6; p = 0.003) and women (x 2/2 = 7.6; p = 0.02) with odds ratios of 2.3 and 1.9 respectively. Similar significant inverse relations were found for cancer and "other" causes of death. These relations remained significant when baseline age, systolic blood pressure, and the Quetelt index were controlled in Cox's proportional hazards regression model. The results of this study provide evidence for a potentially deleterious effect of low serum cholesterol concentration. Hence, further research is needed before indiscriminate efforts are made to lower serum cholesterol concentrations in New Zealand Maoris. PMID- 7357345 TI - Immunological studies of minimal-change nephropathy. PMID- 7357346 TI - Temporal arteritis in association with the Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 7357347 TI - Pregnancy attributable to interaction between tetracycline and oral contraceptives. PMID- 7357352 TI - Long-term recovery from tetanus: a study of 50 survivors. AB - A follow-up study of 50 patients treated in the tetanus unit of the General Infirmary at Leeds from 1961 to 1977 showed that 29 patients had regained normal health, nine were still improving, but 12 considered that their health had been permanently impaired. In only two of these 12, however, was the deterioration serious and unequivocally linked to their illness and treatment. All but five of those previously working had returned to full employment. Sixteen patients had unpleasant memories of the illness and treatment, 19 had psychological after effects, and one suffered serious damage to mental function. Little evidence was found of pulmonary dysfunction after the disease and its treatment, and although all the patients showed a tracheal stricture of some degree, few had directly associated disabilities. The cause of stricture is multifactorial, the surgical technique being only one. A formal surgical closure of the trachea (if a flap has been used) and of the tissue of the neck in layers should lessen residual disability from the scar and strictured areas. PMID- 7357351 TI - Quality assurance: what now and where next? PMID- 7357349 TI - Legal abortion in England and Wales 1968-78. PMID- 7357348 TI - Diet and ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7357353 TI - The first year of life. Mother-infant bonding. PMID- 7357350 TI - Procedures in practice. Lumbar puncture. PMID- 7357355 TI - The clinical chemist and the future. PMID- 7357354 TI - My student elective. With the people of Hiranpur. PMID- 7357356 TI - Diagnostic kits and the clinical chemist. PMID- 7357357 TI - Whooping-cough immunisation. PMID- 7357359 TI - Whooping-cough immunization. PMID- 7357358 TI - Mortality of male doctors and reductions in cigarette smoking. PMID- 7357360 TI - Prophylaxis against postoperative pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7357361 TI - Intravascular thrombosis during air travel. PMID- 7357365 TI - Unwillingly to school. PMID- 7357362 TI - Massive arterial thrombosis and oral contraception. PMID- 7357364 TI - Psychoanalysis, psychotherapy, and health services. PMID- 7357363 TI - Oral contraceptives and the prothrombin time. PMID- 7357366 TI - Unwillingly to school. PMID- 7357367 TI - Physical indicators of emotional abuse in children. PMID- 7357368 TI - The uneasy esophagus. PMID- 7357369 TI - The uneasy oesophagus. PMID- 7357370 TI - Troxerutin in Raynaud's syndrome. PMID- 7357371 TI - Cleaning hospital wards. PMID- 7357372 TI - Medically qualified preclinical academics. PMID- 7357373 TI - Entertainment versus scientific inquiry. PMID- 7357374 TI - The scandal of the notional rent. PMID- 7357375 TI - Theoretical, methodological, and statistical implications of the inhalation rCBF technique for the study of brain-behavior relationships. PMID- 7357376 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow response to recognition memory versus semantic classification tasks. PMID- 7357377 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow response in a patient with remitted global amnesia. PMID- 7357378 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow response during rest and memory activation in a patient with global amnesia. PMID- 7357379 TI - rCBF activation in a patient with right homonymous hemianopia and alexia without agraphia. PMID- 7357380 TI - Patterns of regional cerebral blood flow during attempted reading aloud by stutterers both on and off haloperidol medication: evidence for inadequate left frontal activation during stuttering. PMID- 7357381 TI - Case reports of three dysphasic patients to illustrate rCMF responses during behavioral activation. PMID- 7357382 TI - The noninvasive measurement of regional cerebral circulation. PMID- 7357383 TI - Regional changes in cerebral blood flow during standard behavioral activation in patients with disorders of speech and mentation compared to normal volunteers. PMID- 7357384 TI - Cognitive task effects on hemispheric blood flow in humans: evidence for individual differences in hemispheric activation. PMID- 7357385 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow measurements by 133Xe-inhalation: methodology and applications in neuropsychology and psychiatry. PMID- 7357386 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow patterns during verbal and nonverbal auditory activation. PMID- 7357387 TI - Peripheral fields and branching patterns of buccal mechanosensory neurons in the opisthobranch mollusc, Navanax inermis. AB - A population of about 75 primary sensory cells were identified on the dorsal surface of each buccal ganglion of Navanax. Each sensory cell possesses at least one mechanosensitive field in the pharyngeal wall or lips that correlates somatotopically with its position in the buccal ganglia. Many cells had additional fields that could be widely separated, requiring that their afferent processes branch. Cells were found with processes in more than one buccal nerve and with multiple processes in the same nerve. Hyperpolarization of the soma or repetitive electrical or physiological stimulation could cause failure of centripetal propagation of impulses. Impulses initiated in different branches could fail at different distances from the soma. Axon spikes that fail to invade the soma may or may not invade other branches. Axon spikes in separate branches that fail to invade the soma can summate to initiate an invading impulse. These findings suggest that integration of information from different branches may occur in a single sensory neuron. PMID- 7357388 TI - Brain stem auditory evoked response development in the kitten. AB - The development of brain stem auditory evoked responses (BAERs), recorded from a surface electrode as short-latency, volume-conducted potentials, was studied in a series of kittens over a postnatal period ranging from birth to 60 days. Repeated, longitudinal observations on particular kittens were supplemented with observations on additional kittens during the first and second postnatal week to determine age of onset of the BAERs. The position of the animal and sound source within the recording chamber were held constant across recording sessions, as was click intensity except during recordings in which intensity effects were specifically studied. Click rates of 1, 10, 50 and 100/sec were routinely presented. Reference electrodes at the tongue, pinna and neck showed volume conducted responses to the click stimuli and resulted in considerable distortion of the activity recorded by the vertex electrode; the forepaw, in contrast, showed no activity and a vertex-forepaw electrode configuration provided good resolution of the BAERs across development. A number of new observations were made. BAERs were first observed at 4 days of age, approximately the same age at which depth evoked potentials are first recorded in brain stem auditory nuclei. Initially the BAERs were diffuse, high threshold and fatigued rapidly, characteristics shared with depth evoked potentials in the early postnatal period. Over the first two weeks, the potentials showed marked decrease in threshold, increased resistance to fast click rates, and better definition of wave forms. All BAER components showed exponential decreases in latency. Because all of the brain stem evoked potentials could be recorded concurrently and longitudinally in the same subject a number of developmental comparisons were possible among the BAER components. Wave 1, related to the acoustic nerve in the adult cat, showed a developmental time course and adult latency similar to that reported for N1. Wave 2, related to the cochlear nucleus in the adult, showed a marked bimodality over the first month; wave 2a was a large amplitude clearly separated wave which gradually fused as an inconspicuous leading shoulder on wave 2b. Wave 2b developed with a time course and adult latency similar to that reported for the ventral cochlear nucleus. Wave 3, related to the region of the superior olivary complex in the adult, showed a clear but transient bimodality during the third week of development. Wave 5, related to the inferior colliculus in the adult, appeared later than waves 1-4 and showed a significantly slower rate of development than waves 1-4. These data indicate that differential developmental changes occur within the brain stem auditory pathway and that the BAERs provide a dynamic probe of concurrent maturational interactions. PMID- 7357389 TI - Potentiation of GABA inhibitory action in cerebrllum by locus coeruleus stimulation. AB - In cerebellum, excitatory and inhibitory responses of Purkinje cells, produced both synaptically and by microiontophoresis of putative amino acid neurotransmitters, have been shown previously to be enhanced during NE iontophoresis. The influence of locus coeruleus conditioning stimulation on Purkinje cell responses to GABA iontophoresis was examined to determine whether endogenous NE, released from synaptic terminals, could exert similar modulatory effects. Locus coeruleus stimulation at current intensities which alone elicited no direct depression of Purkinje cell spontaneous discharge potentiated the inhibition produced by GABA. Iontophoretic application of sotalol, a specific beta-adrenergic blocker, antagonized this enhancement of GABA inhibition. Repetitive activation of the classic non-adrenergic cerebellar afferents did not enhance the GABA response, despite causing a direct depression in spontaneous rate. A neuromodulatory role is suggested for tonic adrenergic input in the mammalian central nervous system. PMID- 7357390 TI - Nicotine-induced release of noradrenaline from hypothalamic synaptosomes. AB - In order to elucidate the functional role of nicotinic receptors in the hypothalamus, the drug-induced release of noradrenaline from hypothalamic synaptosomes was studied utilizing [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA). The release of [3H]NA from synaptosomes was significantly increased with an increase of the dose of nicotine, carbamylcholine chloride, reserpine or tyramine hydrochloride added to the medium, whereas arecoline, atropine sulfate or mecamylamine hydrochloride had no significant effect. Mecamylamine hydrochloride completely inhibited the nicotine- or carbamylcholine-induced release of [3H] at the concentration of 10( 4) M, but had on effect on the reserpine- or tyramine-induced release of [3H]NA. A high concentration of potassium in the medium which depolarizes the synaptosome membrane significantly enhanced the release of [3H]NA. These results strongly suggest that there exist nicotinic cholinergic receptors in brain synaptic regions which play an important role in the function of hypothalamus by releasing noradrenaline and that the release mechanism of noradrenaline induced by nicotine is different from that induced by reserpine and tyramine. Although the existence of postsynaptic nicotinic receptor sites could not be reled out, the present studies indicate the importance of presynaptic cholinergic receptors in the brain. PMID- 7357392 TI - Development of the multiple molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in chick paravertebral sympathetic ganglia: an in vivo and in vitro study. AB - The development of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and the distribution of this enzyme among its multiple forms was studied in both tissue extracts and dissociated cell cultures of chick paravertebral sympathetic ganglia. In agreement with previous findings, total AChE (expressed either per ganglion or per microgram protein) increased in vivo between the time of formation of the paravertebral chain (embryonic day 7; E7) to hatching (E20-E21). After this time, enzyme activity changed much more slowly. Sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis of AChE in ganglia of post-hatching chicks revealed multiple forms of AChE with S values of approximately 6.5, 11 and 19.5. Developmental studies showed that 6.5 S and 11 S forms are present as early as day E7. Much of the pre-hatching increase in total AChE is due to increased levels of the 6.5 S form of the enzyme. By hatching, this form comprised approximately 85-90% of the total AChE activity. In contrast, during the first week after hatching, the activity of the 11 S form increased several-fold while that of the 6.5 S remained approximately unchanged. The 19.5 S form, which is thought to be associated with the synaptic membrane, was not detected prior to day E17 and reached adult levels (2-3% of total AChE activity) by the first week after hatching. Development of AChE was also studied in dissociated cell cultures of embryonic ganglia. Essentially all the AChE activity in such cultures was found to be associated with the neurons. Total AChE activity of cultured E11 ganglia increased in a pattern which was both qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that which occurred in vivol. Furthermore, it was found that development of both the 6.5 and 11 S forms of AChE took place in vitro. In cultures of E8, E11, E15 and E19 ganglia, the distribution of activity between the two forms after various times in vitro was similar to that which was found for in vivo ganglia at an equivalent embryonic stage. Such changes were not affected by the elimination of nonneuronal cells from the cultures. Two aspects of in vitro development, however, differed from that which occurred in vivo. First, an increase in 11 S AChE did not occur at ages equivalent to the first week post-hatching. Second, the 19.5 S form did not develop (even after several weeks) in cultures of E8, E11 and E15 ganglia, nor was this form (which was removed during dissociation of the ganglia) regenerated in cultures of E19 ganglia. Such findings suggest that the pattern of development of AChE and its multiple forms in chick sympathetic neurons is in part intrinsically programmed into these cells at an early stage of development as well as in part regulated by extrinsic signals that these cells receive from their chemical and cellular environment. PMID- 7357391 TI - An autoradiographic study of the localization of androgen concentrating cells in the chaffinch. AB - The distribution of labeled cells in the chaffinch brain has been examined by autoradiography after an intramuscular injection of [3H]testosterone. In the telencephalon labeled cells were particularly concentrated in nucleus magnocellularis neostriatalis anterioris, nucleus septalis lateralis, and hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudale. In the diencephalon the nucleus periventricularis magnocellularis, the nucleus magnocellularis posterioris and the area infundibularis contained many heavily labeled cells. In the mesencephalon and medulla, labeled cells were found in the nucleus intercollicularis and in the nucleus nervi hypoglossi, respectively. Measurements of the density of grains per cell revealed (1) clear quantitative differences in the extent of labeling in different regions of the brain and (2) a wide variation in the density of labeling of individual cells within a region. The relationship between these sites of hormone binding and known sites of androgen action in the avian brain is discussed. PMID- 7357393 TI - Effects of lateral and medial septal lesions on exploratory behavior in the albino rat. AB - The effects of selective medial and lateral septal lesions on exploratory behavior were studied in the rat. Three types of open-field test and two tests of object exploration were used. In the first experiment, medial but not lateral septal lesions abolished exploration of an open-field accessible from the home cage. No effects of either of the lesions were found in a standard open-field (Experiment 2). In the third experiment, rats with medial septal lesions were less active and showed a preference for the smaller compartments of the testing apparatus. These results suggest that a change in exploratory behavior following medial septal lesions may be primarily due to their effect on emotionality (increased fear). Two tests of object exploration (Experiments 4 and 5) showed that both types of selective septal lesions enhanced approaches to the novel object placed in the home-cage, but they did not affect object exploration and object preference in other conditions (Experiment 5). The same experiments revealed an increased level of activity (rearing and ambulation) in the rats with lateral septal lesions. It is concluded that the effect of medial septal lesions on exploration is due to increased fear of novel places (but not objects). Lateral septal lesions, on the other hand, increase activity in the rats but there is no evidence that this activity represents enhanced exploration. PMID- 7357394 TI - Effect of psychoytopic drugs on high affinity choline uptake by excised tissue of rat nucleus caudatus. PMID- 7357395 TI - beta-Bungarotoxin elevates diaphragm acetylcholine levels. PMID- 7357396 TI - Visual acuity following binocular deprivation in the cat. AB - Threshold visual acuity for three cats which were reared from birth to 4--12 months of age with bilateral lid closure was measured and compared to visual acuity in three cats which had the use of a non-deprived eye. The results indicate that binocular deprivation (BD) results in significant deficits in visual acuity which are proportional to the duration of deprivation. Threshold visual acuities were 3.7 cycles/deg. following 4 months of BD, 3.25 cycles/deg. following 7 months of BD and 2.55 cycles/deg. following 12 months of BD compared to acuities of 6.0, 6.5 and 6.8 cycles/deg9 for cats using a non-deprived eye. All BD cats had recovered from the initial visuomotor deficits, seen in these cats and reported in the literature, following lid-parting. The implication of such deficits in visual acuity on visual discrimination learning in BD cats is discussed. PMID- 7357397 TI - Effects of prostaglandin E2 on the activity of thermosensitive and insensitive single units in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus of unanesthetized rabbits. AB - Toe eliminate depressant effects of anesthetics on neuron activity, we recorded the single unit activity of thermoregulatory neurons in the POAH of unanesthetized rabbits. Intraventricularly applied PGE2 induced consistent excitatory effects (190% increase in firing rate) on cold-excitable cells and inhibited the firing rate (50%) of warm-sensitive neurons. Single units that were insensitive or had uncreelatable changes in firing rate with POAH temperature were either facilitated or inhibited by PGE2. The consistent effects of PGE2 on the thermoregulatory neurons found in this study support the proposal of PGE modulation of thermoregulatory neurons during the development of a fever. PMID- 7357398 TI - Sequential alterations of cerebral carbohydrate metabolism associated with gamma hydroxybutyrate. AB - The cerebral metabolic effects of intravenous administration of 1000 mg/kg gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) were studied by sequential measurement of the cerebral contents of selected glycolytic-citric acid cycle intermediates and energy phosphates in lightly anesthetized rats. The initial change in the glycolytic pathway occurred by 2.5 min, with increases of tissue glucose-6-phosphate and decreases of fructose-1,6- diphosphate which indicated an inhibition of phosphofructokinase. This pattern was transient and was replaced at 5--15 min by increasing tissue glucose and decreasing glucose-6-phosphate which indicated an inhibition of hexokinase. The initial inhibition of phosphofructokinase was associated with functional depression, an isoelectric EEG and an increase of the tissue phosphocreatine which suggested that the observed metabolic pattern was an adaptation to the reduced energy needs of neuronal depression. Within 2.5 min of GHB injection tissue alpha-ketoglutarate and aspartate showed significant increases which suggested a shift in the aspartate aminotransferase reaction. Preliminary calculations indicated that the probable cause of this shift was an increase in oxaloacetate content due to GHB oxidation. The cytoplasmic NADH/NAD+ ratio remained unchanged throughout the entire exposure to GHB (2.5--180 min) and thus gave no support for the hypothesis that GHB interfers with glycolysis via the restriction of free cytoplasmic NAD+ required for the glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase step. PMID- 7357399 TI - Cerebellar tRNA methyltransferases: a developmental study. AB - Developmental patterns of homologous and heterologous tRNA methylation by cerebellar tRNA methyltransferases are described. The study revealed that: (a) homologous tRNA methylation results in the predominant formation of N2 methylguanine and 1-methyladenine; (b) tRNA methyltransferase of bulk-isolated Purkinje and granule cells methylate E. coli tRNAglu2 in vitro in a characteristic manner, and (c) the methylation of 8-day-old cerebellar, cortical and hepatic tRNA in vivo yields tRNAs containing different proportions of methylated bases. The findings suggest that the presumably cell-specific populations of cerebellar tRNA methyltransferases continue to alter their substrate recognition characteristics up to and beyond the first month of post natal life. PMID- 7357400 TI - Long-term survival and development of dissociated parasympathetic neurons in culture. AB - Ciliary ganglion neurons from chick embryo were grown in cell culture following enzymatic and mechanical dissociation. The culture conditions necessary for long term (greater than 21 days) survival of the isolated neurons were investigated. Neurons could be cultured with and without non-neural cells by adjusting the culture substrate. Chick embryo extract was found to be essential in the growth medium, and the inclusion of horse serum had an additional beneficial effect. Also, non-neural cells increased the survival of these neurons in culture. Thus, there appear to be several factors involved in the survival of these neurons in culture. Assay of choline acetyltransferase activity revealed a 100-fold increase in activity over the first two weeks in vitro, and the developmental pattern of the enzyme activity was initially similar to that seen in vivo. The cultured neurons also retained many of the electrophysiological properties of ganglionic neurons in vivo. These included normal resting transmembrane potential, action potential amplitude and an afterpotential. The passive membrane properties of the cultured neurons (membrane resistance, capacitance and time constant) differed somewhat from those of neurons in ganglia. These results suggest that if proper culture conditions are provided, these parasympathetic neurons adapt well to cell culture and develop many of the properties of normal ciliary ganglion neurons in vivo. PMID- 7357402 TI - An autoradiographic study of eighth nerve projections in the galah, Eolophus roseicapilla. PMID- 7357401 TI - Effects of stimulation of the caudal brain stem on late ventral root reflex discharge elicited by high threshold sural nerve afferents. PMID- 7357404 TI - Putative cholinergic receptor activity in the deafferented rat superior colliculus. PMID- 7357403 TI - Central correlates of peripheral pattern alterations in the trigeminal system of the rat. PMID- 7357405 TI - Selective activation of the mesocortico-frontal dopaminergic neurons induced by lesion of the habenula in the rat. PMID- 7357407 TI - An ion flux assay of action potential sodium channels in neuron- and glia enriched cultures of cells dissociated from rat cerebellum. PMID- 7357410 TI - Cobalt and horseradish peroxidase tracer studies in the stellate ganglion of octopus. AB - The connectivity of the stellate ganglion of Octopus was investigated using cobalt and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracers applied to severed preganglionic and postganglionic nerves. Centripetal cells, defined as cells in the ganglion which send their axons back toward the brain, were discovered by both methods. Application of HRP to the pallial (preganglionic) nerve labeled the preganglionic fibers which enter the ganglion and spread widely within the neuropil. Application of either tracer to a single stellar (postganglionic) nerve labeled motor neuron cell bodies spread over 1/4 to 1/3 of the ganglion. Since there are 25-40 such stellar nerves per ganglion, it may be inferred that there is only a limited topographic relationship between the location of motor neuron cell bodies in the stellate ganglion and the segment of mantle muscle which they innervate. The axon and many side branches of these motor neurons were also labeled. The smooth, diffuse form of HRP labeling produced in pre- and portganglionic axotomized neurons in Oct0pus is similar in appearance to that produced in damaged mammalian neurons. PMID- 7357408 TI - Hydrogen ions have multiple effects on the excitability of cultured mammalian neurons. PMID- 7357406 TI - Dopaminergic component of [3H]spiroperidol binding in the rat anterior cerebral cortex. PMID- 7357409 TI - Quantitation of terminal parameters and their inter-relationships in maturing central synapses: a perspective for experimental studies. AB - The development and maturation of synapses in the molecular layer of the occipital cortex of rats at 15, 20, 28, 75 and 224 days postnatal were examined and quantitative ultrastructural techniques were employed. The parameters evaluated display a diverse set of trends. A steady increase in mean terminal area is noted, the proportions of the smallest terminals declining progressively over this period. The mean length of the postsynaptic thickening fluctuates throughout the developmental series. A close association is found between terminal area and junction lengthlarger junction lengths being consistently associated with larger areas. Synaptic vesicle numbers within each terminal increase markedly between 15 and 28 days. There is an increase in the frequency of flat and positively curved junctions with increasing age, the bimodal distribution of negative and positive curvatures at 15 days being replaced by a normal distribution in the adult. When synaptic length is compared with curvature, flat junctions emerge as the longest and the most highly curved junctions as the shortest. The terminal areas of positive junctions are greater than those of negative ones. The consequences of these results for the flat disc model of synapses are discussed, and it is postulated that negatively curved synaptic junctions may be non-functional. PMID- 7357411 TI - Kinetics of cell proliferation in the halved tectum of adult goldfish. AB - The time course of post-operative cell proliferation was studied in the halved optic tectum of adult goldfish using autoradiographic methods. At varying intervals after bilateral optic nerve crush and unilateral lesion of the caudal hemitectum, fish were injected with [3H]thymidine and allowed to survive for designated times before sacrifice. Comparisons of labeled cell numbers in different laminar regions on the intact and operated sides of the tecta were made. When short post-injection survival times were employed, there was a bimodal increase in proliferation on both tectal sides with increases occurring by 5 and between 20 and 35 days after surgery (dpo). More labeled cells were seen on the lesioned side in the outer tectal zone in fish injected at 25 and 35 dpo. Within their inner tectal zones these same fish showed more labeled cells in the periependymal layer on the lesioned side. With extended post-injection survival there was a general decline in numbers of labeled cells on both tectal sides. The only labeled cells which persisted in force were those of the periependymal layer; equal numbers were seen on both operated and intact sides. On the basis of these observations we conclude that the cell proliferation which occurs in this situation may be attributed primarily to the effects of optic nerve regeneration; the tectal surgery per se does not induce massive cell proliferation which might numerically reconstitute the halved tectum. PMID- 7357413 TI - Cerebral functional, metabolic and circulatory effects of intravenous infusion of adrenaline in the rat. PMID- 7357412 TI - Externally disposed polypeptides of chick brain mitochondria. PMID- 7357414 TI - Decrease in noradrenergic activity in hypothalamic nuclei during the development of spontaneous hypertension. PMID- 7357416 TI - Influence of gamma-aminobutyric acid on lordosis behavior and dopamine activity in estrogen primed spayed female rats. AB - In the first experiment the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the display of lordosis behavior was examined in septal-lesioned and sham-operated ovariectomized rats. Following estradiol benzoate (EB) priming, septal-lesioned rats were tested for lordosis behavior before and after bilateral infusion of picrotoxin or saline directly into the substantia nigra (SN). Sham animals were given the same behavioral tests but received intranigral infusion of either hydrazinopropionic acid (HPA) or saline. Picrotoxin, which blocks GABA receptors, was effective in suppressing the high levels of lordosis behavior seen in the EB primed septal-lesioned female rat 30 min after infusion, but not at 120 min. Conversely, HPA, which elevates endogenous GABA levels, was effective in facilitating lordosis behavior in sham-operated rats treated with EB only. The lordosis quotient was moderately increased 30 min after HPA infusion, reached high levels at 120 min, and returned to low levels by 360 min post-infusion, demonstating the reversibility of the drug effect. Saline infusions in lesioned and sham-operated controls were without effect. In the second experiment sepal lesioned and sham-operated rats were primed with EB and infused with the drugs as in the first experiment, but were sacrificed at the time the macimal behavioral effect had been observed in the first experiment. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and dopamine (DA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels were measured. No effect on TH activity was found. However, sham-operated rats receiving HPA infusions had lower DA and HVA levels compared to those of saline-injected controls, and septal-lesioned rats receiving picrotoxin infusions had higher DA and HVA levels than those of lesioned saline-injected controls. Septal-lesioned saline-infused rats also showed decreased DA and HVA levels relative to sham operated saline-infused animals. These results support the concept of a GABA inhibitory neuronal feedback system which modulates DA turnover and perhaps plays a critical role in the neural control of lordosis behavior. PMID- 7357415 TI - Distribution of serotonin and dopamine receptors in Aplysia tissues: analysis by [3H]LSD binding and adenylate cyclase stimulation. AB - The distribution of receptors for serotonin and dopamine has been studied in various neuronal and non-neuronal tissues from Aplysia californica using: (1) a [3H]LSD binding assay; and (2) stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity. High levels of specific [3H]LSD binding were found in all ganglia and nerves examined. Lower levels of binding were present in a number of muscle tissues and in the sheath surrounding the central ganglia. The ability of serotonin and dopamine to inhibit [3H]LSD binding depended upon the tissue examined. In muscle tissue, most of the binding was sensitive to serotonin. In contrast, a number of ganglia (e.g. the pleural, abdominal or cerebral) contained a considerable proportion of dopamine-sensitive binding. A limited pharmacological analysis of serotonin sensitive [3H]LSD binding indicated that Aplysia serotonin receptors are closely related to those found in the snail, Helix pomatia, and in rat brain. Adenylate cyclase activity in membranes from Aplysia ganglia, muscles and connective nerves was stimulated by serotonin (but not by dopamine). The amount of serotonin sensitive adenylate cyclase correlated well with the amount of serotonin sensitive [3H]LSD binding in most tissues. D-LSD was a partial agonist on the serotonin-sensitive adenylate cyclase, whereas the pharmacologically inactive stereoisomer L-LSD was without effect. The high density of serotonin receptors in pleuro-abdominal connective nerves, and their presence in the connective tissue sheaths surrounding the ganglia, suggests that not all of these receptors are located at synapses. On the other hand, the tissue distribution of dopamine and serotonin receptors, as measured by these techniques, is consistent with that expected from electrophysiological data. PMID- 7357418 TI - Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in the newborn dog. PMID- 7357417 TI - The laminar organization of the reciprocal projections between the claustrum and striate cortex in the tree shrew, Tupaia glis. PMID- 7357420 TI - A comparative study of the brain stem auditory response in mammals. PMID- 7357419 TI - Absence of force-feedback regulation in soleus muscle of the decerebrate cat. PMID- 7357421 TI - Stimulation of tryptophan uptake into enteric neurons by 5-hydroxtryptamine: a novel form of neuromodulation. PMID- 7357422 TI - The presynaptic grid: a new approach. AB - A new electron microscopic facility is described which enables systematic visualization of E-PTA-stained presynaptic grids in full en face position. This EM-facility is used to analyze the size and the number of dense projections of synaptic grids in different brain areas of the rabbit. The observations support the view that dense projections form an intrinsic part of all central synapses and are organized in a hexagonal or triangular pattern. The observation of annulate and horseshoe-shaped synaptic grids is in agreement with previous observations on synaptic connections with subsynaptic plate perforations. A non normal frequency distribution of dense projections per synaptic grid with distinct peaks is suggestive for the existence of distinct size classes of synaptic contacts. Analyses of the frequency distribution of dense projections in different areas and at different levels below the pial surface in adult animals point to a specificity of the distinct size classes related to the afferent origin or the target cell they are projecting on. Investigation of grid size and number of dense projections during a period of rapid synaptogenesis reveals that newly formed synapses also have a specific size. The complementarity of dense projections and vesicle attachment sites implicit in the model of Akert et al. has been used to calculate the number of vesicle attachment sites per sq. micrometer on account of the density of projections per grid. The agreement between our values and those of Akert and Peper, based on the analyses of vesicle attachment sites in freeze-etch specimen, is striking. The possible implications of these observations in relation to synaptic efficacy and neuronal microcicuitry are discussed. PMID- 7357423 TI - Neuropharmacological consequences of choline administration. PMID- 7357424 TI - Effects of using a chemically defined medium for primary rat monolayer cerebellar cultures: morphology, GABA uptake and kainic acid sensitivity. PMID- 7357425 TI - DFP mononeuropathy: evidence for a peripheral site of initiation. PMID- 7357426 TI - Formation of apparent presynaptic elements in response to poly-basic compounds. AB - Neuronal cell processes in dispersed cell culture grow out onto Sepharose beads coated with poly-basic proteins. Apparent presynaptic elements are formed by these neuronal processes with the bead serving as a postsynaptic element. It is suggested that electrostatic binding between poly-acidic groups on the presynaptic element and poly-basic troups on the postsynaptic element is one of the initial steps in the formation of a synaptic contact in culture. PMID- 7357427 TI - The origins of the centrifugal fibers to the olfactory bulb in the goldfish, Carassius auratus: an experimental study using the fluorescent dye primuline as a retrograde tracer. AB - The origin of the centrifugal fibers to the olfactory bulb in the goldfish was examined by injecting a fluorescent dye, primuline, into the olfactory bulb by means of hydraulic pressure. Three to five days after the primuline injection, which was confined to the unilateral olfactory bulb, a large number of primuline labeled perikarya appeared in two telencephalic areas on the ipsilateral side: the area ventralis telencephali pars dorsalis (Vd) and the ventral part of the area dorsalis telencephali pars lateralis (Dlv). No labeled cells were observed in the other olfactory bulb or in the contralateral telencephalic hemisphere or more posterior part of the brain. A combination of the primuline injection and the transection of either the medial or lateral olfactory tract showed that the main course of the centrifugal fibers was through the medial olfactory tract. These results may support Sheldon's opinion that the so-called tractus olfactorius ascendens, which corresponds to the medial part of the medial olfactory tract, is a centrifugal bundle originating from the cells in the nucleus medianus. The areas of the telencephalic hemisphere into which the olfactory bulbar fibers projected were also examined and compared with the originating areas of the centrifugal fibers. There was a considerable overlap between these two areas. This suggests a reciprocal connection between the olfactory bulb and the telencephalon. PMID- 7357428 TI - Vagal and splanchnic effects at the level of the ventromedian nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) in the cat. AB - A systematic study of vagal and splanchnic projections to the VMH area was undertaken in anaesthetized cats by means of macroelectrodes and microelectrodes. Responses elicited by vagal and splanchnic nerve stimulation were recorded from the VMH nucleus and the region situated above it. The fact that they are identical, whatever the nerve stimulated, indicates that the afferences follow a common central pathway. From the response latency and the stimulation parameters, it is assumed that the small vagal and splanchnic fibres (A delta, B and C) are involved. Evoked potentials are generally constituted of two parts: the earlier implies certainly the VPL nucleus (since it disappears definitively after VPL coagulation), whereas the later concerns a different relay probably located in the neighbouring and associative structure (since it persists after VPL coagulation). Similar late responses were simultaneously recorded in VPL nucleus, suggesting that this structure was the same for both nuclei. Its exact location was discussed. On the other hand, effects of gastric distension on the evoked potentials produced by vagal and splanchnic nerve stimulation were studied. The results obtained (decrease or increase in the responses, occurrence of an additional potential) indicated clearly that the gastric afferences projected to the VMH region. This simple method could be used to determine the importance of the sensory innervation of the different parts of the digestive tract. PMID- 7357429 TI - A genetically mediated relationship between the readiness to self stimulate lateral hypothalamus and the intensity of the septal and ventromedial hypothalamic rage syndromes. AB - Rats from two genetically high self stimulating lines (LC1-Hi, LC2-Hi) and from two genetically low self stimulating lines (LC1-Lo, LC2-Lo) were subjected to septal lesions at various ages. The genetically high self-stimulators exhibited the typical marked increase in emotionality following septal lesions, while the genetically low self stimulators showed an attentuated emotional response following septal lesions. In a subsequent experiment, animals from the same lines were subjected to VMH lesions. Once again, animals from the genetic high self stimulating lines showed a marked increase in emotionality following the lesions while the animals from the genetic low self-stimulating lines showed an attenuated emotional response. Hyperphagia was observed in all lines with no relation to the self stimulation genetic background. It is suggested that the septal and VMH systems modulating affective behavior are functionally related to the system modulating self stimulation, while these mechanisms seem to be basically independent of the VMH systems involved in maintenance of body weight. PMID- 7357430 TI - Conductance changes and inhibitory actions of hippocampal recurrent IPSPs. AB - Intracellular recordings were obtained from CA1 pyramidal neurons in obliquely cut in vitro hippocampal slices. Recurrent IPSPs were elicited by antidromic stimulation of alvear fibers. The mechanisms by which IPSPs depress pyramidal cell excitability were investigated. Recurrent IPSPs could be reversed in sign by small hyperpolarizing currents applied through the recording electrode, indicating an increased membrane conductance. By using an AC bridge circuit it was found that the maximum impedance decrease usually occurred slightly before the peak of the IPSP. Otherwise the time course of the impedance change matched that of the IPSP itself. Inhibitory actions of the conductance increase were studied by adjusting the membrane potential to the IPSP equilibrium potential, thus allowing only the IPSP conductance to play an inhibitory role. Under these conditions non-linear summation of recurrent IPSPs with EPSPs originating in the apical dendrites could be demonstrated only during the initial 15--25 msec ofthe IPSP, which is the period of maximum conductance increase. The inhibition afforded by the hyperpolarization of the recurrent IPSP far outlasts the period of effective EPSP shunting by the inhibitory synaptic currents. The mechanisms of recurrent inhibition in the hippocampus thus appear similar to those operating in spinal motoneuron IPSPs. PMID- 7357431 TI - Cortical activity and sleep in the rat lateral hypothalamic syndrome. AB - Continuous EEG recordings were performed in lateral hypothalamic (LH) damaged rats from day 1 post-lesion when totally aphagic and adipsic until complete recovery of their feeding and drinking. During the early post-operative stage (days 1--3 post-lesion), LH rats showed a complete disorganization of their basal EEG which was characterized by two superimposed activities, a constant rapid low voltage activity modulated by high voltage low frequency waves. Except in the case of intense illumination, several arousing stimuli did not affect this activity. By day 4 post-lesion, the two overlapping activities were replaced by less abnormal waves on top of which the first normal sleep spindles appeared. Sleep increased gradually and normal amounts of both slow-wave and paradoxical sleep were observed during 'stage 4' of recovery when rats again ate food and drank water. During this stage, and contrary to normal rats, meal size was correlated only with sleep events occurring within the intermeal interval following the next meal, when most of the ingested nutrients reached the systemic compartment. The effect of sleep of intragastric or intravenous caloric repletion was, at least in part, in agreement with the view of indirect effect of LH lesions on sleep through metabolic impairment. Whatever the mechanism underlying sleep deficits, these are one of the major symptoms of the lateral hypothalamic syndrome. PMID- 7357432 TI - Early septal lesion: effect on the development of the cholinergic system in rat hippocampus. AB - The development of the cholinergic system in the rat hippocampal formation was studied following lesion of the septal region at an age 2--4 days postnatal (i.e. the lesion was performed prior to the establishment of the septohippocampal connections). The steep increase in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) level, that under normal conditions takes place during the second and the third week postnatal, was not observed in early lesioned animals, and AChE level at maturity was about 30% of control. AChE level of adult-lesioned animals was about 15% of control, suggesting an age-dependent plasticity in response to the lesion. Early deafferentation did not seem to alter the pattern of development of muscarinic binding sites as measured by specific binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB). Total [3H]QNB bound per hippocampus of adult, early-lesioned animals was about 70% of control, but this reduction could be accounted for by the atrophy observed in the hippocampal formation following early lesion. Binding of [3H]QNB per protein in early lesioned animals did not differ from normal. Thus the development and the level of muscarinic binding sites in the hippocampal formation do not seem to depend upon normal establishment of presynaptic contacts. PMID- 7357433 TI - Effect of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine depletion on locomotion in the cat. AB - It has recently been hypothesized that stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) can give rise to locomotion in mesencephalic cats due to activation of descending monoaminergic pathways to the spinal cord. This notion is based on the findings that monoamine agonists and precursors can induce hindlimb stepping in acute low spinal animals, and on the similarities between the effects of the noradrenaline (NA) precursor, L-DOPA, and stimulation of the MLR. The hypothesis that the descending monoamine systems comprise the only pathways which control the initiation of locomotion has been tested in the present study. NA was depleted from the CNS using intraspinal and intraventricular injections of 6 hydroxydopamine and i.v. injections of the NA synthesis inhibitor, alpha methyltyrosine. Depletion of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was achieved using intraventricular injections of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine and i.p. p chlorophenylalanine. These treatments did not abolish evoked locomotion in spite of substantial depletion of NA and 5-HT in the spinal cord and brain stem (maximal depletions of NA up to 14% of control in lumbar cord and 16% of control in pons; maximal depletions of 5-HT up to 19% of control in sacral cord and 25% of control in medulla). Combined depletion of NA and 5-HT did not abolish evoked locomotion in mesencephalic cats, although the treated animals displayed pronounced ataxia prior to decerebration. Depletion of NA or 5-HT alone did not alter locomotion in otherwise intact animals. A previous report that phenoxybenzamine antagonizes the effects of MLR stimulation was not confirmed. The results therefore do not support the hypothesis that descending pathways containing monoamines are essential for locomotion evoked by brain stem stimulation. PMID- 7357435 TI - Acute and chronic effects of barbituartes on depolarization-induced calcium influx into rat synaptosomes. AB - Depolarization-induced 45Ca2+ influx into synaptosomes isolated from nontreated control and acutely treated rats (given 60 mg/kg phenobarbital i.p.) was significantly depressed (54 and 37%, respectively) by an in vitro challenge with pentobarbital, 0.3 mM (final concentration). However, depolarization-induced 45Ca2+ influx into synaptosomes isolated from tolerant rats (received dietary phenobarbital, 2.5 mg/g of diet, for 13 days) was not significantly altered when the synaptosomes were challenged with 0.3 mM pentobarbital. This suggests that synaptosomal membranes adapt during chronic exposure to barbiturates to allow for an enhanced Ca2+ influx subsequent to depolarization. Our data suggest that sedation may, at least in part, occur as a result of depressed stimulus-secretion coupling and that behavioral tolerance to sedation may occur because of the development of membrane tolerance to allow enhanced calcium influx. PMID- 7357434 TI - A comparison of solubilized and membrane bound forms of choline-O acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6) in mouse brain nerve endings. PMID- 7357436 TI - Sequential medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic lesions have same effect on copulatory behavior of male cats as simultaneous lesions. PMID- 7357437 TI - Electrical stimulation of the cerivcal sympathetic trunks mimics the effects of darkness on the activity of serotonin:N-acetyltransferase in the rat pineal. PMID- 7357438 TI - Effects of androgens on volumes of sexually dimorphic brain regions in the zebra finch. PMID- 7357439 TI - Onset of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats despite the depletion of spinal cord catecholamines. PMID- 7357440 TI - Dorsal raphe cells with collateral projections to the caudate-putamen and substantia nigra: a fluorescent retrograde double labeling study in the rat. AB - The relationship between the dorsal raphe neurons projecting to the caudate putamen and those projecting to the substantia nigra was investigated using a fluorescent retrograde double labeling technique in the rat. The majority of the dorsal raphe neurons projecting to the substantia nigra were found to project also to the caudate-putamen. In addition, a large population of dorsal raphe neurons innervating the caudate-putamen but not the substantia nigra was seen. The cells projecting to the substantia nigra were situated primarily in the dorsal part of the dorsal raphe, whereas those projecting to the caudate-putamen were located throughout the dorsal raphe. PMID- 7357441 TI - Functional properties of lumbar preganglionic neurones. AB - Lumbar preganglionic neurones projecting through WRL2 and L3 to lumbar ganglia caudal to L4 were investigated for those functional properties which are typical for postganglionic vasoconstrictor neurones supplying muscle and skin and for post ganglionic sudomotor neurones. The properties tested were the cardiac rhythmicity of the activity and the reactions to systemic hypoxia, to noxious stimulation of skin and (in part of the experiments) to vibrational stimuli. Furthermore, resting activity and conduction velocities of the asons were measured. 426 neurones were investigated. 311 (73%) of them were silent and could -- as far as tested -- not be excited by the afferent stimuli used. The conduction velocities of the axons of these neurones ranged from 0.5 to about 16 m/sec. 115 neurones had resting activity of 0.1--4.6 impulses/sec. The conduction velocities of their axons ranged from 0.5 to about 12 m/sec. 80 preganglionic neurones with resting activity were classified on the basis of the reflexes in these neurones to afferent stimuli. Preganglionic neurones reacting like postganglionic vasoconstrictor neurones to muscle (excited by systemic hypoxia and/or by noxious stimulation of skin; with cardic rhythmicity) were classified as type 1 neurones (26 from 80 neurones tested). The resting activity of these neurones was 1.8 +/- 1.3 impulses/sec (mean +/- 1 S.D.). Their axons conducted with 3.9 +/- m/sec. Preganglionic neurones reacting like the majority of the postganglionic vasoconstrictor neurones to hairy and hairless skin (inhibited by systemic hypoxia and/or noxious cutaneous stimuli) were classified as type 2 neurones (48 from 80 neurones investigated). In 40% of these neurones the activity had cardiac rhythmicity. The resting activity was 0.9 +/- 0.6 impulses/sec. The distribution of the conduction velocities of the axons of these neurones was bimodal. They conducted on the average with 1.3 +/- 0.6 m/sec and 6.6 +/- 1.1 m/sec respectively. A few neurones were found (6 from 80 neurones) which were activated by vibrational stimuli (activation of Pacinian corpuscles by tapping on the hindfoot). Since this type of activation is typical for postganglionic sudomotor neurones they were classified as type 3 neurones. The activity of these neurones had no cardiac rhythmicity. Indirect measurements of the conduction velocities of pregnanglionic axons converging onto postganglionic neurones supplying skeletal muscle and hairy skin yielded values which were statistically not different from the conduction velocities of the axons of type 1 and type 2 neurones respectively. These measurements support the classification into type 1 and type 2 preganglionic neurones. The implications of this study are discussed. PMID- 7357442 TI - Demonstration of an endogenous circadian rhythm of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone in the rat pineal gland. AB - alpha-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) has been identified and characterized in the rat pineal gland by a combination of immunochemical and high pressure liquid chromatographic techniques. The immunoreactivity in pineal extracts was separated into two chromatographic components. The major component had a retention time identical to that of alpha-MSH while the minor component eluted just slightly before standard alpha-MSH. Male rats maintained in a 12 h photoperiod demonstrated a marked circadian rhythm in pineal alpha-MSH concentration. Concentrations that peaked at 07.00 h, 1 h after the lights were turned on, were greater than 5 times the nadir which occurred at 01.000 h. Animals house in chronic dark for 7 days maintained the diurnal variation of alpha-MSH concentrations. However, in chronically dark housed rats, the peak shifted to 05.000 h and was greater than 10 times the nidir of this rhythm and approximately 4 time the peak at 07.00 in alternating light/dark conditions. Rats exposed to chronic light for 7 days maintained a pineal alpha-MSH rhythm although the amplitude of the peak was significantly decreased compared to the rhythm in animals housed in alternating light/dark conditions. Neither hypophysectomy nor superior cervical ganglionectomy had any effect on the alpha-MSH rhythm. Lesion of the arcuate nucleus, the major source of alpha-MSH-containing nerves in the brain, did not significantly affect pineal alpha-MSH concentrations. These data demonstrate a circadian alpha-MSH rhythm in the rat pineal and suggest an alpha MSH involvement in the rhythmic processes of the pineal gland. PMID- 7357445 TI - Thermo-sensitive neurons in hypothalamic tissue slices in vitro. PMID- 7357444 TI - Development of angiotensin-induced drinking in the rat. AB - The suckling rat responds from birth to intraventricular angiotensin, and the drinking behavior elicited by the hormone achieves adult characteristics of reliability and sensitivity at 4--5 days of age. Additional testing of 5-day-old rats injected with a range of doses showed that the threshold dose lies between 0.1--1.0 ng, which is comparable to the adult sensitivity to intraventricular injections. The hormone also increases milk intake in neonates, but the animals choose water over milk as early as 17 days. PMID- 7357443 TI - Estrogen receptors in the medial basal hypothalamus of the rat following complete hypothalamic deafferentation. PMID- 7357446 TI - Lack of a contribution from gamma motoneurone axons to Renshaw inhibition in the cap spinal cord. PMID- 7357449 TI - A re-examination of the cerebellar projections from the gracile, main and external cuneate nuclei in the cat. AB - Cerebellar projections from the dorsal column and external cuneate nuclei in the cat have been studied by means of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. Localized injections covering the entire cerebellar cortex and nuclei show that the gracile nucleus has a weak projection only to the cortex of the anterior lobe, but that there is a conspicuous projection from the main cuneate nucleus to the cerebellum. Most of these fibres reach lobule V and the adjacent parts of lobules IV and VI, and there is also a heavy projection to the paramedian lobule. Some fibres reach lobule IX and possibly also lobules II, III and VIIIB, and nuclear afferents also reach the fastigial and interposite nuclei. Three cerebellar cortical regions are the main targets for the fibres from the external cuneate nucleus, viz. lobule V with the adjacent regions of lobules IV and VI, lobules I and II and lobule IX (the anterior part). Other important afferent regions are the paramedian lobule and the cerebellar nuclei, especially the anterior interposite, and some fibres reach the flocculus. The projections are predominantly ipsilateral. The investigation is the first detailed study of the cerebellar projections from the three nuclei and the findings are discussed in relation to previous experimental observations. PMID- 7357447 TI - The distribution of catecholamines, glutamate decarboxylase and choline acetyltransferase in layers of the rat olfactory bulb. PMID- 7357450 TI - Efferent discharge patterns in the ciliary nerve of rabbits and the pupillary light reflex. AB - Unitary discharges in the efferent ciliary nerves were studied in cervical sympathectomized rabbits. In all, 279 units were recorded and categorized, except 7 units, into the following 3 types from their responses to photic and other stimuli, i.e. type A (170 units), type B (42 units) and type C (60 units). Type A units were characterized by exhibiting excitatory response to ipsilateral eye illumination and the response was closely related to the luminance level. The type A was further classified into AI (excitation), AII (no change) and AIII (inhibition) on the basis of the response to contralateral illumination. It was inferred that the type A was functionally related to active pupilloconstriction. Type B units were characterized by showing an exclusively inhibitory response to ipsilateral and/or contralateral illumination and the inhibition was luminance dependent. It was therefore assumed that the type B was concerned with active pupillodilation. Type C units were not responsive to light stimulus, though the type C displayed characteristic reflex response to mechanical or thermal stimulus within the receptive field. The reflexive response, however, was not mediated via the oculomotor nerve. In order to confirm the results of the unit analysis, pupillary light reflex was examined. In particular, the consensual reflex varied depending upon individual rabbits. Namely, one became miotic, another mydriatic and a third remained uninfluenced, which corresponded well with the response pattern of the light-sensitive units. PMID- 7357448 TI - Kainic acid neurotoxicity in the mouse cerebellum. PMID- 7357451 TI - Rescaling of the retinal map of visual space during growth of the kitten's eye. AB - We have measured the angle between the visual axis and the axis projected from the center of the optic disk in 35 cats ranging in age from two weeks to adulthood. Our results show that this angle, a, declines from around 27 degrees in very young kittens to about 16 degrees in adult cats, with most of the change occurring during the first 6 weeks after birth. We interpret this change as reflecting a progressive contraction of the area of object space projected onto the retina. For this to occur, the posterior nodal distance of the eye's optical system must increase by a larger factor than the transverse extent of the retina. This process undoubtedly contributes to maturation of the kitten's visual function, causing a reduction of the size of neuronal receptive fields and an enhancement of spatial resolution. PMID- 7357452 TI - Differential effects of noxious and non-noxious input on neurones according to location in ventral periaqueductal grey or dorsal raphe nucleus. AB - Nociceptive and non-nociceptive input to the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) and to the surrounding periaqueductal grey (PAG) was studied in chloralose-anaesthetized rats. Single units in the midbrain responding to electrical stimulation of a coccygeal nerve were recorded with glass micropipettes. A fluorescence histochemical technique was applied to identify recording sites in the DR and PAG. 109 DR-units, 141 PAG-units and 95 units from surrounding structures were tested for responsiveness to electrical nerve stimulation. In 53% of the DR units, but in only 20% of the PAG- and SN-units, ongoing activity was inhibited by electrical stimulation (I-units) while 42% of the PAG- and SN-units but only 24% of the DR-units were electrically excited (E-units). 40 E-units and 24 I units were tested with repeated noxious radiant heat stimuli applied to the tail or hindpaws. 70% of the E-units were excited by heating, and in 54% of the I units ongoing activity was inhibited by heating. The majority of the former units were located in the PAG, and most of the latter were proven to be DR-neurones. In 75% of the E-units and in 12.5% of the I-units the heat effect was in the opposite direction. The findings are discussed in terms of the now well established role of the PAG-region in the descending control of pain. The properties of the PAG-E-units suggest that this system is involved in a negative feedback circuit by which pain transmission to the CNS limits itself. DR-I-units may be involved via an additional small loop with the PAG to disinhibit the activation of the PAG pain control system. PMID- 7357453 TI - Three types of reticular neurons involved in the spino-bulbo-spinal reflex of cats. AB - Reticular neuron activity was recorded in 28 chloralosed cats in order to analyze the reflex arc of the spino-bulbo-spinal (SBS) reflex. Three types of reticular neurons, types I (input), II(output) and III (relay), were identified by unit discharges in response to stimulation of the sural nerve. (1) Type I (input) neurons received spinal ascending volleys monosynaptically and responded to stimulation of the sural nerve with spikes of low amplitude and short latency. Unit spikes, however, were not produced by stimulation of the superficial radial nerve and the sensorimotor cortex. These input neurons were located in the dorsocaudal part of the medial bulbar reticular formation. (2) Type II (output) neurons were part of the reticulospinal tract, which sends axons to the spinal cord, since these neurons exhibited antidromic spikes following stimulation of the ventrolateral funiculus of the spinal cord. Unit spikes were evoked by stimulation either to the sural or superficial radial nerves. These neurons were located in the ventrocaudal part of the medial bulbar reticular formation. (3) Type III neurons included relay neurons. Unit spikes were evoked by stimulation of the sural nerve, superficial radial nerve and sensorimotor cortex. However, unit discharges were not obtained by antidromic stimulation to the reticulospinal tract. These neurons were distributed widely in the brain stem, both in the bulb and pons. (4) Latency difference of unit discharges between input and output neurons was 3.5--5 msec, indicating the presence of interneurons (relays) between input and output neurons. Spikes of output neurons with 3.8--4.2 msec latency were observed following stimulation of the region where input neuron activity was found. We may conclude that three kinds of reticular neurons, input, relay and output, were involved in pathways of the SBS reflex. PMID- 7357454 TI - Sprouting and functional regeneration of an identified neuron in Helisoma. AB - A pair of identified neurons in the snail, Helisoma, rapidly regenerate after severance of their axons and functionally reinnervate their former target organs, the salivary glands. Functional reinnervation occurred in 40% of the preparations within 6 days and in 93% of those examined on or after day 7 following axon severance. Neuronal regeneration is highly specific. For instance, in each case in which the salivary glands were found to be reinnervated and simultaneous records were taken from gland cells and their normal effector neuron, this neuron (neuron no. 4) was found to have reinnervated the glands. In addition, regeneration following total denervation of the feeding musculature can result in feeding movements which appear normal on visual inspection and by myographic recordins. Neural regeneration is manifested by extensive axonal sprouting. The site of initiation of sprouts is a function of the crush site, but sprouting is not totally restricted to the vicinity of the crush. In addition, the initial regeneration and axonal sprouting following severance of these axons is not dependent upon the presence of their original target organs. PMID- 7357456 TI - Morphologic analysis of axo-glial membrane specializations in the demyelinated central nervous system. AB - Axo-glial membrane specializations, occurring in demyelinated spinal cord lesions in guinea pigs with chronic, relapsing experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE) and a case of multiple sclerosis (MS) between naked axons and scarring astrocytes, have been analyzed in transverse and longitudinal sections by transmission electron microscopy. The most common axo-glial specialization was of the desmosome-type and was plaque-like and punctate. It was not related to the region of subaxolemmal densification at the nodes of Ranvier. Synapse-like and gap junctions were also seen, but rarely, between naked axons and astrocytes in chronic EAE. In MS, only desmosome-like specializations were encountered between axons and glia and they were less extensive than in the guinea pig material. Surprisingly, similar chronically demyelinated lesions in the optic nerves of guinea pigs, failed to display axo-glial membrane specializations. It is speculated that their presence in spinal cord lesions is related to the proximity of gray matter and is of relevance to regeneration. PMID- 7357455 TI - Polygraphic evidence against a critical role of the raphe nuclei in sleep in the rat. AB - The role of the raphe nuclei (RN) in sleep and waking has been investigated in 35 male Wistar rats. After an habituation period to their environment, the rats were continuously recorded (24 h/day), during a 5 day period prior to the lesioning of one or several RN and thereafter during 22 days. The daily slow wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS) amounts from the 18th to the 22nd day after the lesion were used to classify the rats. Most of the lesions of the RN had no effect, or only transient ones, upon sleep whereas some rats with a long-lasting decrease in both sleep stages had no lesions at the level of the RN. Specific PS alterations were observed after lesions around the A 10 area and specific SWS alterations occur following lesions in the lateral part of the periaqueductal central gray at the level of the rostral end of nucleus raphe dorsalis (RD). PMID- 7357458 TI - Intracellular brain pH and the pathway of a fat soluble pH indicator across the blood-brain barrier. AB - Umbelliferone, a pH sensitive fluorescent indicator, can be used to determine intracellular pH measurements and analyze the pathway of a fat soluble substance across the blood--brain barrier (BBB). The 'equivalent intracellular pH' determined by this technique corresponds closely with the calculated intracellular pH derived from mathematical abstractions. The pH of the indicator's environment along its pathway into and out of brain tissue can be determined from a ratio analysis of various points along the calibrated fluorescent tissue clearance curves from 340 and 370 nm excitation. This analysis indicates that immediately upon leaving the intravascular space the indicator enters an environment that is too acid to represent the extracellular space. This suggests that fat soluble substances follow an intracellular pathway across the BBB (capillary endothelium to glial cell to neuron). PMID- 7357457 TI - Radioimmunoassay for mouse nerve growth factor (NGF). Effects of thyroxine administration on tissue NGF levels. AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been developed for beta-nerve growth factor (NGF) purified from the submaxillary gland of the adult male mouse. The RIA is sensitive to 13 pg/assay tube with an intra-assay coefficient of variation of 7% and an interassay coefficient of variation of 11.8%. Of the substances tested for immunological cross-reactivity in the RIA, only mouse epidermal growth factor caused significant displacement of the radiolabeled ligand; 11% at a dose of 10 microgram/ml. Mouse tissue extracts diluted out parallel to the standard curve. The effects of altered thyroid function on tissue NGF concentration in adult male mice were studied using the RIA. Thyroxine administration (25 microgram T4 i.p. daily for 12 days) caused significant increases in submaxilllary gland and liver NGF content and concentration (P less than 0.001) compared to controls but had no significant effect on heart and kidney NGF levels. Propylthiouracil treatment (0.05% PTU in the drinking water for 21 days) led to a marked increase in thyroid gland weight (550% of control) but had no significant effect on NGF concentration in any of the organs studied with the exception of kidney where a 75% reduction in NGF concentration was observed. These studies indicate that thyroid hormones increase NGF content and concentration in the submaxillary gland and liver of adult male mice and are suggestive of increased NGF synthesis. Thyroid hormones may therefore play an important regulatory role in NGF metabolism in peripheral tissues of the adult mouse. PMID- 7357459 TI - Autoradiography of GABA in the rat hypothalamic median eminence. AB - Light microscopy autoradiographs of the rat hypothalamic median eminence were prepared after injection of high specific activity tritiated GABA and GABA structural analogs. Following intracardiac injection of labeled GABA with short (15 min) survival time, a dense accumulation of silver grains was observed over the external layer of the median eminence. The silver grains appeared much less numerous and randomly scattered over the internal layer. No conspicuously labeled cells could be detected in the median eminence. A similar pattern of labeling was observed after 10 min in vitro incubation of the median eminence with a low concentration (2.5 x 10(-7) M) of labeled GABA. Clusters of silver grains were also visible over the external layer following intraventricular injection of labeled GABA. In this latter case, however, other sites of labeling were revealed over the internal and ependymal layers. The dense labeling over the external layer with tritiated GABA was partially reduced by a simultaneous intracardiac injection of a 50-fold excess of non-radioactive cis-aminocyclohexane carboxylic acid--a reported preferential substrate for GABA neuronal uptake--but it was not displaced by a 2000-fold excess of non-radioactive beta-alanine--a reported specific substrate for GABA glial uptake. Intracardiac injection of triated beta alanine led to a faint and even labeling over the entire median eminence with no preferential accumulation of silver grains over the various layers. Following intraventricular injection of labeled beta-alanine the tanycytes and their processes as well as numerous glial cells appeared heavily labeled. These results suggested that there exist cell elements in the external layer of the hypothalamic median eminence which are capable of accumulating exogenous GABA according to its neuronal uptake characteristics. Although the exact nature of these cells is not readily apparent at this stage of our investigations, these findings led us to speculate that there might be a subpopulation of GABAergic nerve endings in the vicinity of the primary plexus capillaries. PMID- 7357460 TI - Cytosine arabinoside effects on developing cerebellum in tissue culture. AB - Cerebellar explants derived from neonatal mice were exposed to cytosine arabinoside, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Following such exposure, the cortical regions of the explants contained numerous closely packed large neurons with few intervening elements and without lamination. The surviving large cortical neurons included Golgi cells and Purkinje cells, the latter with persistent dendritic spines in the absence of granule cells. A marked increase in density of subcortical and intracortical neurites was evident in fiber stains. The neurites were identified as Purkinje cell axons and axon collaterals by fiber tracing. Myelin failed to form around the axonal elements. Both regular and phasic spontaneous discharges were recorded electrophysiologically. Trains of cortical stimuli elicited both excitatory and inhibitory responses in the absence of parallel fibers. Antidromic stimulation of Purkinje cell axons evoked inhibition of spontaneous cortical discharges. By contrast, antidromic activation of Purkinje cell axons in control cultures had no effect on spontaneous cortical discharges, or provoked a transient increase in discharge rate. These responses were interpreted as consistent with a cortical remodeling in granuloprival cerebellar cultures in which basket-stellate cell inhibition of Purkinje cells was preempted by Purkinje cell recurrent axon collateral inhibition. PMID- 7357462 TI - Lack of evidence of synaptic contacts by climbing fibre collaterals to basket and stellate cells in developing rat cerebellar cortex. PMID- 7357461 TI - Action of muscular group III and IV afferents on spinal locomotor activity in cat. PMID- 7357463 TI - Functional reorganization of cat somatic sensory-motor cortex (Sml) after selective dorsal root rhizotomies. PMID- 7357464 TI - The influence of muscle-conditioned medium on cholinergic maturation in spinal cord cell cultures. PMID- 7357465 TI - Mescaline and LSD facilitate the activation of locus coeruleus neurons by peripheral stimuli. PMID- 7357466 TI - Localization of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites to the goldfish retinotectal projection. AB - The optic tectum of the goldfish Carassius auratus is a rich source of alpha bungarotoxin (alpha-Btx) binding protein. In order to determine whether some fraction of these receptors is present at retinotectal synapses, we have compared the histological distribution of receptors revealed by the use of [125I]alpha-Btx radioautography to the distribution of optic nerve terminals revealed by the use of cobalt and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) techniques. The majority of alpha-Btx binding is concentrated in those tectal layers containing primary retinotectal synapses. The same layers contain high concentrations of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), revealed histochemically. Following enucleation of one eye, there is a loss of alpha-Btx binding in the contralateral tectum, observed both by radioautography and by a quantitative binding assay of alpha-Btx binding. Approximately 40% of the alpha-Btx binding sites are lost within two weeks following enucleation. By contrast, no significant change in AChE activity could be demonstrated up to 6 months following enucleation. These results are discussed in light of recent studies which show that the alpha-Btx binding protein and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor are probably identical in goldfish tectum. We conclude that the 3 main classes of retinal ganglion cells projecting to the goldfish tectum are nicotinic cholinergic and that little or no postdenervation hypersensitivity due to receptor proliferation occurs in tectal neurons following denervation of the retinal input. PMID- 7357467 TI - Extracellular calcium and potassium changes in hippocampal slices. AB - Ca2+ and K+ ion sensitive microelectrodes were used to measure changes in ionic activities in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices during orthodromic (stratum radiatum) stimulation. Baseline levels of [K+]o and [Ca2+]o were those of the bathing medium which contained 5 mM K+ and 2.0 mM Ca2+. During stimulation [K+]o rose to maximal levels of 12 mM while [Ca2+]o decreased to as low as 1.4 mM. Systematic alterations in extracellular field potentials in stratum pyramidale accompanied the ionic shifts. Following stimulation K+ undershoots occurred. An active K+ uptake mechanism was demonstrated using iontophoretic K+ pulses. [K+]o and [Ca2+]o changes occurred in parallel and in a laminar distribution with maximal changes recorded in stratum pyramidale. Maximal [K+]o changes occurred from baselines of 5 mM and declined progressively at higher baseline levels. During epileptiform activity produced by exposure of slices to penicillin, larger ionic shifts with a more rapid onset occurred. The alterations in [K+]o and [Ca2+]o in the hippocampal slice are similar in some respects to those obtained by stimulation in vivo, making this preparation a potentially useful one for determination of mechanisms and effects of alterations in the ionic microenvironment. PMID- 7357468 TI - Non-spiking interactions and local interneurones in the central pattern generator of the crayfish swimmeret system. PMID- 7357470 TI - A striatal source of glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in the substantia nigra. PMID- 7357469 TI - Interaction of estradiol and 2-hydroxy-estradiol with histamine receptors at hypothalamic level. PMID- 7357471 TI - Demonstration of brain-specific benzodiazepine receptors in rat retina. PMID- 7357472 TI - Labelling of retina and optic tecta glycoproteins of chickens in light and dark after intraocular injection of N-[3H]acetylmannosamine. PMID- 7357473 TI - Bilateral dopamine metabolism in the striatum after unilateral application of tetrodotoxine in the midbrain of the rat. PMID- 7357474 TI - The olivocerebellar system. II. Some ultrastructural correlates of inferior olive destruction in the rat. AB - Short- and long-term ultrastructural changes induced in rat inferior olivary nucleus (ION) and cerebellum by a single injection of 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) were investigated. Evidence of perikaryal and dendritic alterations was already present in numerous ION neurons at 3 h after injection. All ION neurons were affected at 6 h. Complete destruction of the entire ION was achieved within 8-10 h. Time-course and cytological features of this degeneration were described. Total absence of axonal termination degeneration in the ION or at its periphery ruled out the existence of recurrent olivary axons in these locations. Climbing fiber (CF) terminal degeneration in the cerebellar cortex apparently was restricted to the molecular layer, which cast serious doubts on the existence of glomerular collaterals of CFs. Evidence of axonal terminal degeneration was observed within all cerebellar nuclei at 24 and 26 h after 3-AP treatment, but degenerating profiles were unexpectedly infrequent. Consequential to CF deafferentation, Purkinje cells (P.cells) underwent both precocious and delayed ultrastructural changes. Delayed and long-range changes involved mainly dendrites and perikarya. Axon terminals underwent precocious but prolonged alterations which were interpreted as evidence supporting enhanced synaptic activity of P. cells deprived of CFs. PMID- 7357475 TI - The olivocerebellar system. I. Delayed and slow inhibitory effects: an overlooked salient feature of cerebellar climbing fibers. AB - (1) Chemical destruction of the inferior olive (ION), or midline section interrupting the climbing fibers (CFs) rapidly resulted in marked modifications of Purkinje cell (P. cell) simple spike (SS) firing rate and pattern. (2) After CF deafferentation, P. cells at first about doubled their SS frequency which further increased for the next 10 min. (3) Besides the increase in the firing rate, the spike train became much more regular, which in part seemed to be linked to mass oscillations of the neuronal circuitry, as revealed by strong oscillations of background noise. (4) After ION destruction CF activity could be supplied for by juxtafastigial (JF) stimulation which reduced SS frequency again while the firing became much less regular. These effects were shown to be due to the all-or-nothing activity of the CF and not to the simultaneous stimulation of mossy fibers (MFs) or P. cell axons. Neither were they ascribable to CF collaterals. The differences between this new powerful inhibitory action of the CF system on the P. cell and the well documented pause mechanism is discussed. (5) A quantitative relationship has been established between complex spikes (CSs) and SS firing rates. A steady 2/sec CS frequency was shown to effectively silence the P. cell. (6) When CF stimulation was discontinued, an "off" effect was described. It consisted of an initial rise in SS frequency developing in 9 sec, and a delayed further increase unfolding in about 10 min. (7) When CF stimulation began, an "on" effect was observed, which evolved with an exponential-like kinetic of very variable time-constant seemingly depending on past history. PMID- 7357476 TI - Kainate-induced lesion in the optic tectum: dependency upon optic nerve afferents or glutamate. AB - Kainic acid is known to induce characteristic lesions in neurons receiving an intact input with presumed glutamate-mediated neurotransmission. There are indications for glutamate as a transmitter of retinal afferent terminals in the pigeon optic tectum. After tectal injection of kainic acid (0.5-2.0 microgram in 0.5 microliter) the optic tectum was studied by light and electron microscopy and the following changes were observed: (a) within 1-48 h important neuropil vacuolization predominantly in lower part of layer 5. Such vacuoles were sometimes postsynaptic to identified retinal afferent terminals: (b) within 1 h to 21 days progressive neuronal cell loss throughout the tectal layers. These toxic effects were not observed 2-12 weeks after contralateral retinal ablation but could partially be restored by combined glutamate (0.2 mg) and kainate injection. Thus in the pigeon tectum, kainic acid neurotoxicity is dependent upon an intact retinal input, a finding consistent with a special role for glutamate - possibly as a transmitter - in retinal terminals. PMID- 7357477 TI - The maturation of frequency selectivity in C57BL/6J mice studied with auditory evoked response tuning curves. AB - The present study was designed to examine the ontogeny of frequency selectivity in the neonatal auditory system. Mice were tested between 12 and 65 days of age. At each age two measures of auditory sensitivity were made from cochlear nucleus evoked responses. Tone-burst evoked-response thresholds in the quiet were determined for frequencies between 1.0 and 39.0 kHz. A two-tone simultaneous masking procedure was then used to obtain evoked response tuning curves. The frequency selectivity of the tuning curves was quantified by calculating a Q ratio. The results show that tuning is poor in neonates but rapidly improves to adult-like levels within 5-16 days after the inception of auditory function. The data also indicate that the development of frequency selectivity varies directly with the maturation of threshold sensitivity. PMID- 7357478 TI - Acoustic priming and kanamycin-induced chochlear damage. AB - The cochleae from 3 lines of mice, selectively bred for differential susceptibility to priming-induced audiogenic seizures, were examined following acoustic priming and retest or kanamycin treatment, and the degree of cochlear damage was assessed. After 60 sec of acoustic priming, animals from the high and unselected lines which had subsequently developed audiogenic seizure susceptibility exhibited severe cochlear damage limited to the outer hair cells. Low line mice, which had been selected for resistance to acoustic priming-induced audiogenic seizures and were not seizure susceptible, exhibited no cochlear pathology following acoustic priming. Following kanamycin treatment, all 3 lines developed subsequent audiogenic seizure susceptibility. Histological examination of cochleae from mice so treated revealed a pattern of damage similar to that caused by acoustic priming, except that the cochleae of priming-induced audiogenic seizure resistant low line mice revealed a significant amount of outer hair cell damage. The results are discussed with respect to the physiological mechanism underlying a selectively bred behavioral phenotype in terms of a possible instance of damage/disuse-supersensitivity in the central nervous system. PMID- 7357481 TI - [Mucoepidermoid tumour of the bronchus in a 15-year-old girl (author's transl)]. PMID- 7357480 TI - [Course of pregnancy and labour in women with positive HLA antibodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7357479 TI - Rapid degeneration of developing rat Pacinian corpuscles after denervation. AB - The effect of denervation upon the development of Pacinian corpuscles was investigated in the crural interosseous membrane of the rat during the early postnatal period. When the sciatic nerve was transected in 1-day-old rats, further development of immature Pacinian corpuscles was arrested and their structure rapidly disintegrated. In the main cluster of corpuscles, Pacinian axon terminals degenerated within 12 h after the operation and were phagocytised by the inner core cells. Subsequently large dense inclusion bodies and vacuoles with dense debris appeared in the inner core and capsule, and cell autolysis and pyknosis ensued from the 2nd day onwards. The debris of degenerated cells was removed by macrophages and the disintegration of individual corpuscles was completed 2-5 days after nerve section. Normal interosseous membranes of 2-6-day old rats contained 54.9 +/- 1.2 (+/- S.E.) Pacinian corpuscles, as revealed by staining for cholinesterase. The total days after denervation, dropped to 38% on day 3, decreased further to 15% on day 4 and reached zero values on day 5 after nerve section. The experiments demonstrate that the postnatal development and growth of the non-nervous components of Pacinian corpuscles is completely dependent upon the neuronal induction exerted by sensory axon terminals. PMID- 7357483 TI - [Selective synchronized retroperfusion of coronary veins in experiment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7357482 TI - [Distribution of cardiac output following 2 hours of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation]. PMID- 7357484 TI - [Surgical management of chest deformities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7357485 TI - [Neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve. Analysis of 10-year material (author's transl)]. PMID- 7357490 TI - The value of ultrasonic imaging and CT scanning in planning the radiotherapy for prostatic carcinoma. AB - Forty-four consecutive patients with potentially curable carcinoma of the prostate were localized with an Old Delft Simulator with the methods described by Bagshaw. The isocenter and the treatment portal were marked on the skin of the patient. Subsequently, the adequacy of the portal was checked by ultrasonography and/or CT scanning. Of 30 patients who underwent ultrasonography, five patients (17%) were found to have tumor extending beyond the initially simulated treatment portals. Using CT scanning, three of 22 patients were found to have tumor extending beyond the initially simulated portals. As a result, 1-2 cm were added to the initially simulated treatment portals for adequate coverage of the tumor volumes. Eight of our 44 patients underwent both studies and results were similar with ultrasonography and CT scanning. Only patients in the group presenting with clinical stage C disease had modifications of the initially simulated treatment portal. It is recommended that conventional simulation should be done first in order to establish the isocenter and treatment volume, which then should be confirmed by ultrasonography or CT scanning. PMID- 7357489 TI - [Geomagnetic activity and urgency to hospitalize patients with ischaemic heart disease, cardiac infarction, and stroke (author's transl)]. PMID- 7357491 TI - An evaluation of lymphography with nodal biopsy in localized carcinoma of the prostate. URO-Oncology Research Group. AB - One hundred forty-nine lymphograms from patients with localized carcinomas of the prostate were interpreted by a referee radiologist without the benefit of clinical stage, grade of tumor, or the result of staging pelvic node dissection. The lymphogram was able to detect 30 of 35 (86%) positive nodal metastases and confirm 90 of 114 (79%) negative nodal biopsies. The internal iliac nodal biopsies were positive as a single finding in only 7 of 54 (13%) patients. The total external iliac nodal involvement was 41 of 54 (76%). High-grade prostate cancer patients have twice the incidence of positive nodal biopsies and lymphograms. Lymphography detected 43% of positive nodal patients with normal acid phosphatase and 69% of positive nodal patients with elevated acid phosphatase determinations. The lymphogram and tumor grade (prostate) are considered significant potential predictors of lymph node biopsy result. Finally, the incidence of nodal metastasis in localized prostatic cancer from surgical and histologically confirmed lymphogram series is reviewed with the concept of sensitivity and specificity of the lymphogram. PMID- 7357486 TI - [Cauda equina syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7357487 TI - [Potential nephrotoxicity of amoxicillin in patients with reduced renal function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7357488 TI - [Value of combining amiloride with furosemide chlorthalidone in diuretic treatment]. PMID- 7357492 TI - Influenza immunization of children with neoplastic diseases. AB - During the National Influenza Immunization Program in 1976, 147 children with neoplastic diseases received Wyeth split-product bivalent influenza vaccine: A/New Jersey/8/76 (HSW1N1), A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2). Thirteen normal siblings served as controls. Seventy-one patients received two doses of the vaccine four weeks apart. After the second injection of A/NJ/8/76, there was a difference between the response of the patients on chemotherapy and those off therapy greater than or equal to 30 days--38% vs. 76%, P less than 0.01 for four-fold rise and 26% vs. 57%, P less than 0.05 for the attainment of protective (greater than or equal to 32) hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers. These differences were observed in both leukemia-lymphoma and solid tumor patients. There was a difference in HI titers to A/Vic/75 between patients on and off chemotherapy after a single injection, 34% vs. 71%, P less than 0.001 for a four-fold rise. After the second immunization, only 52% on, and 86% off therapy (P less than 0.05) had a four-fold rise in titers. Thirty-two percent of the patients on treatment who achieved "protective" titers did so only after the second immunization. Immunoglobulin levels and neutropenia did not correlate with the inability to obtain a four-fold rise in titers. Our findings suggest that patients on chemotherapy cannot be effectively vaccinated by a new antigen, and that single yearly boosters may be insufficient for recall of old antigens. Patients off chemotherapy greater than or equal to 30 days respond as normal controls. PMID- 7357493 TI - Evaluation of nonhormonal cytotoxic chemotherapy in the Nb rat (Pr-90) prostatic carcinoma. AB - The Nb rat prostate adenocarcinoma occurs spontaneously. The frequency of occurrence is increased by hormone induction. Tumors are classified as autonomous or estrogen or androgen dependent, based on their response to hormone manipulation. These rats provide a unique animal model for the evaluation of biological activity, hormone dependency, and the screening of therapeutic modalities. This report evaluates the use of cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin and methotrexate on the autonomous Pr-90 tumor. Methotrexate and Adriamycin were evaluated at two different concentrations, which demonstrated statistically significant results. Cyclophosphamide treatment resulted in complete tumor regression in eight of 12 tumors. Evidence of Adriamycin cardiotoxicity was found at autopsy. PMID- 7357494 TI - Familial retinoblastoma and ataxia telangiectasia: human models for the study of DNA damage and repair. AB - A variety of genetic diseases are associated with a high incidence of malignant tumors as compared to the general population. Laboratory data are presented that suggest that the increased cancer incidence in ataxia telangiectasia and familial retinoblastoma patients may be related to deficiencies in the normal DNA repair processes in their cells. Finally, we offer a hypothesis regarding the types of possible repair defects involved in these diseases and the biological consequences of such defects. PMID- 7357495 TI - Influence of estrogen receptor status on response of metastatic breast cancer to aminoglutethimide therapy. AB - Aminoglutethimide (AG) is an effective chemical ablative form of therapy for metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Estrogen receptor (ER) status in breast cancer is useful in predicting the response to the hormonal treatments. Of 134 postmenopausal metastatic breast cancer patients treated with AG, ER analysis was done in 63 patients, 52 of whom are now evaluable. ER biopsy was performed prior to Ag therapy in 61 patients, but the results were not known to the investigators. ER value greater than or equal to 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein was considered ER positive (ER+), 4-9.9 fmol/mg borderline, and less than 4 fmol/mg ER negative (ER-). In 38 ER+ patients, objective response rate was 50% (three complete response, 16 partial response) and eight stabilization. Median duration of objective response was 15 months. Forty-three percent of the patients with borderline estrogen receptor level responded objectively (three partial response) with the median duration of response eleven months. Fourteen percent of ER- patients responded objectively (one complete response). Hence the estrogen receptor level predicts response in ER+ and ER borderline patients treated with AG. PMID- 7357496 TI - Changes in multiple or sequential estrogen receptor determinations in breast cancer. AB - Estrogen receptor (ER) analyses are widely used in the management of patients with breast cancer. Few data are available concerning variations in ER as a function of time and therapy. We examined patients in whom multiple biopsies and receptor analyses were either performed simultaneously or over time with or without intervening chemotherapy or endocrine therapy. In 27 patients with simultaneous assays from different metastatic sites, concordant results were obtained in 23 (85%) with respect to classifying a tumor as ER+ or ER-. In 34 patients, multiple assays were performed over time. The receptor concentrations were concordant in patients receiving no intervening therapy. In 10 patients receiving hormonal therapy, the median receptor concentration changed from 66 femtomoles per mg cytoplasmic protein pretherapy to 8 femtomoles post therapy (P less than 0.05). This change suggested that hormonal therapy selectively eliminates ER+ cells. In 19 patients receiving intervening chemotherapy, the median receptor concentrations pre and post therapy were similar. We conclude that simultaneous assays from multiple metastatic sites are highly concordant and unlikely to change over time without intervening therapy, but marked changes occur following therapy with a decrease in receptor concentration after endocrine therapy. PMID- 7357497 TI - Favorable outcome of central nervous system toxoplasmosis occurring in a patient with untreated Hodgkin's disease. AB - The current report describes severe, multi-focal central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis in a patient with untreated Hodgkin's disease. Anti-toxoplasma therapy was associated with prompt clinical improvement, and as such may represent the first successfully treated case of global CNS-toxoplasmosis occurring in a person with histologically documented lymphoma. Previously, CNS toxoplasmosis has been noted to complicate lymphomas after initiation of anti neoplastic therapy. The occurrence of disseminated toxoplasmosis prior to anti neoplastic therapy is unique and suggests that lymphoma per se is a predisposing factor. PMID- 7357499 TI - Gastric hamartomatous polyps in the absence of familial polyposis coli. AB - Hamartomatous polyps in the stomach have been described as gastric lesions of familial polyposis coli. Four cases of multiple gastric hamartomatous polyps not associated with polyposis coli were encountered. Histologically, all these polyps consisted of normal oxyntic glands with numerous cystic dilatations of the glandular lumens of various sizes. Endoscopically, the polyps were all located in the acid secreting area and had an acid secreting function, which was revealed by the endoscopic Congo red test. PMID- 7357498 TI - Malignant melanoma of the skin in Hawaii, 1960-1977. AB - An analysis was made of the 333 cases of invasive malignant melanoma (MM) of the skin, which were diagnosed among residents of Hawaii from 1960-1977. Caucasians accounted for 265 (79.6%) of the cases. The age-adjusted incidence rate of MM was found to have tripled among both male and female Whites during the study period, while no increase was observed for non-Whites. Among Whites, age-adjusted incidence rates increased for all anatomic sites for both sexes, except for apparently stable rates on the lower extremities of females. Rates were higher for males on the head and neck and trunk and higher for females on the lower extremities. By 1972-77, however, rates on the lower extremities were equal for the sexes. Interestingly, age-adjusted rates for Hawaii-born Whites were found to be much lower than for Caucasian immigrants, particularly among females, where a six-fold difference was observed. Thus, the epidemiology of MM in Hawaii is largely, but not entirely, consistment with the hypothesis that solar exposure is a major risk factor for MM. PMID- 7357500 TI - Metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma to the bones of the hand. AB - A case of bronchogenic carcinoma with polyostotic metastatasis to the phalanges is presented. The literature has also been extensively reviewed. PMID- 7357501 TI - Colon carcinogenesis: an overview. AB - The mechanisms for activation of procarcinogens and some of the factors that affect these reactions are considered. It is proposed that the nucleus of the colonic cell may actually be responsible for the formation of ultimate carcinogenic forms of exogenous procarcinogens. The contributions of the intestinal microbial flora to activation and detoxification of the carcinogens are discussed, and the suggestion that inactive glucuronides of procarcinogens are hydrolyzed to proximate carcinogens by the microbial flora is proposed. Finally, the two-stage mechanism for carcinogenesis is discussed; large bowel cancer is the focal point. PMID- 7357502 TI - Heterotrophic nitrification by intestinal microorganisms. AB - From studies of nitrate balance in man and analyses of fecal and ileostomy samples, the possibility that nitrite and nitrate are formed de novo in the intestine, possibly by heterotrophic nitrification has emerged. This proposition significantly alters our previous conceptions of man's exposure to nitrite and suggests that nitrite may play a role in the cause of intestinal cancer. Heterotrophic nitrification has been demonstrated in various microorganisms. Our work has shown that intestinal heterotrophic microbial isolates from man are able to oxidize nitrogenous compounds to nitrite. These isolates include both procaryotes and eucaryotes. PMID- 7357503 TI - Androgen receptors in chemically-induced colon carcinogenesis. AB - Cytoplasmic extracts (105,000 x g supernatants) prepared from the colon of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride (DMH) treated male BD-IX rats bound 3H-5 alpha dihydrotestosterone (DHT) with high affinity (Kd = 3 x 10(-9) M) and low capacity (n = 20 fmoles/mg protein). Unoccupied saturable binding sites were not detected in normal intact colon but were observed in colons from gonadectomized rats. DHT receptors were present in both the ascending and descending segments of the colon. The DHT binding components sedimented as 7--8S species on linear sucrose density gradients and were effectively displaced by cyproterone acetate, but not by progesterone. Forty percent of the DMH-induced colon tumors also bound DHT with high affinity and limited capacity. These results suggest that the sex steroids are involved in carcinogen-induced colon tumorigenesis, and the action is mediated by their association with sex steroid specific receptors. PMID- 7357504 TI - Past and future role of the Organ Site Programs. PMID- 7357505 TI - Screening for colorectal cancer: an overview. AB - The critical issue of whether to screen asymptomatic patients for colorectal cancer is related to expected benefits, the population at risk, sensitivity and specificity of available screening and diagnostic tests, cost-effectiveness, and patient compliance. Current screening programs in progress strongly suggest a survival benefit to those patients with a positive screening test but longer follow-up is necessary. Risk factors within the population have been defined, but further work is needed to identify more completely the high-risk subgroups for selective screening. Selective screening of high risk groups would be more productive than mass screening of standard risk patients. Screening and diagnostic tests in current use appear to be sensitive and specific, but more data will have to be examined. Screening with fecal occult testing has been shown to be feasible and productive, but cost-effectiveness must be demonstrated. Patient compliance has been high in well-motivated patients entering studies, but factors involved in health belief must be evaluated as a basis for patient orientation toward screening. Our goal for colorectal cancer is primary prevention--identification and elimination of environmental factors. Until then, secondary prevention may be a realistic achievement--the identification and eradication of precursor lesions and the diagnosis of early colon cancer. PMID- 7357506 TI - An inherited form of large bowel cancer: Muir's syndrome. AB - Three inherited types of large bowel cancer not associated with polyposis were previously proposed. A fourth should also be added to the list, namely, Torre's or Muir's syndrome. This report summarizes the clinical and genetic features of that syndrome in one family. The principle features of the syndrome comprise multiple skin tumors, i.e., sebaceous adenomas, keratoacanthomas, and basal and squamous cell carcinomas occurring with polyps and adenocarcinomas, mainly of the large bowel and also of the small intestine and stomach. Other malignancies occurring with the multiple skin tumors, with or without the involvement of intestinal malignancies, included adenocarcinoma of the uterus, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder or ureter, squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, esophagus, or vulva, and cancer of the breast. The syndrome followed a dominant mode of inheritance with high penetrance and variable expressivity, perhaps more variable in females than in males. PMID- 7357507 TI - Potentiation of the anti-tumor activity of 5FU by thymidine and its correlation with the formation of (5FU)RNA. PMID- 7357508 TI - Combination clinical trials with thymidine and fluorouracil: a phase I and clinical pharmacologic evaluation. AB - Phase I observations of combined therapy with thymidine (TdR) and 5-fluorouracil (FU) have demonstrated that when TdR is administered by rapid infusion at a dose of 7.5 or 15g and FU is given by bolus injection 60 minutes after the start of the TdR dose, the biologic activity of Fu is increased five- to eight-fold. The observed toxicity is primarily hematopoietic: 15g TdR and 7.5 or 10mg/kg FU produced median white blood count nadirs of 2,600 on day 16 and platelet count nadirs of 150,000 on day 14. The combined therapy produced two partial remissions in 18 patients with colon cancer, 17 of which had experienced progression of disease on FU containing regimens. Partial remissions were also obtained in two heavily pretreated patients with ovarian cancer and diffuse, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. Plasma analyses for TdR and FU and their metabolic products by high pressure liquid chromatography have demonstrated a marked elevation and prolongation of FU levels. The beta phase T 1/2 for 7.5mg/kg FU were: FU alone 6 minutes, 7.5g TdR + FU 135 minutes, 15g TdR + FU 188 minutes, and TdR 45g + FU 190 minutes. The addition of TdR all but eliminated oxidative metabolism of FU; renal clearance became the primary detoxification route. Thymidine levels exceeded 10(-3)M; the beta phase T 1/2 of TdR varied with the administered dose: 3gTdR, 7 minutes; 7.5g TdR, 24 minutes; 15g TdR, 52 minutes; and 45g TdR, 98 minutes. PMID- 7357509 TI - Neural control of colonic cell proliferation. AB - The mitotic rate in rat colonic crypts and in dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic carcinomas was measured using a stathmokinetic technique. In sympathectomized animals cell proliferation was retarded in the crypts but not in the tumors, whereas in animals treated with Metaraminol, a drug which releases norepinephrine from nerve terminals, crypt cell but not tumor cell proliferation was accelerated. Blockade of alpha-adrenoceptors also inhibited crypt cell proliferation. However, stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors inhibited and blockade of beta-adrenoceptors accelerated tumor cell proliferation without influencing crypt cell proliferation. Injection of either serotonin or histamine stimulated tumor but not crypt cell proliferation and blockade or serotonin receptors or histamine H2-receptors inhibited tumor cell proliferation. It is postulated that cell proliferation in the colonic crypts, like that in the jejunal crypts, is under both endocrine and autonomic neural control whereas colonic tumor cell division is subject to endocrine regulation alone. PMID- 7357510 TI - Maturation-induction of tumor cells using a human colon carcinoma model. AB - The establishment of a maturation-induction model using human colon cancer cells as targets is reported. Two colon carcinoma cell lines were established from human tumors; one line was heterogeneous and was cloned into two distant subpopulations. Cells from these lines and clones and cells from an established human colon carcinoma cell line were treated in vitro with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and were compared to untreated cells according to two general sets of criteria. One set contains characteristics that define a cell as transformed (i.e., anchorage independence and tumorigenicity for nude mice), and the second set contains three antigenic marker systems that would provide evidence that maturation is occurring in treated human colon cancer cells. These colon tissue or tumor-related markers include carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), colonic mucoprotein antigen (CMA), and the human blood group determinants. DMF-treated cells are less malignant than untreated cells; the treated cells show a marked reduction in tumorigenicity and in clonogenicity in soft agar. Each of the markers indicates that the treated cells are better differentiated than their untreated counterparts. For example, treated cells show increased expression of normal-CMA and decreased expression of tumor-CMA compared to untreated cells. Cells removed from DMF reverted to express the tumorigenicity, growth properties, and antigens characteristic of their untreated counterparts. Therefore, DMF reversibly induces in cultured colon cancer cells a less malignant phenotype with concomitant maturational effects. These results indicate that this model is appropriate for study of maturation-induction in human colon tumor cells, and has potential application to other types of human carcinomas. PMID- 7357511 TI - Effects of sodium butyrate and dimethylsulfoxide on biochemical properties of human colon cancer cells. AB - Sodium butyrate and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) have marked effects on the growth, morphology, and biochemistry of two human colonic adenocarcinoma cell lines in culture. Doubling times were increased between 18% and 660% while cell viability was unaffected. Both cell lines formed colonies in soft agar in the absence of butyrate of DMSO, but no colonies were observed in the presence of these agents. However, no differences in in vivo tumorigenicities, when cells were implanted in athymic mice, were seen following treatment. Gross morphological alterations including cell enlargement, process formation, and cellular flattening occurred during culture in butyrate or DMSO. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed no change in membrane protein constituents, but autoradiographic analysis of membrane glycoproteins demonstrated differences between treated and untreated cells. Ganglioside compositions were altered, and a sialyltransferase required for the synthesis of GM3 ganglioside was elevated by butyrate. Although cytoplasmic aminooligopeptidase remained unaffected by butyrate or DMSO, brush border-associated activity was enhanced by butyrate. Alkaline phosphatase also rose dramiatically during culture in butyrate but was not enhanced by DMSO. PMID- 7357513 TI - Murine colon adenocarcinoma: immunobiology of metastases. AB - Orthotopic transplantation of MCA-39 murine colonic tumor cells into the submucosa of the cecum results in the growth of a "primary" tumor that metastasizes to the liver. This model system parallels the sequence of events that can occur with human colon carcinoma and provides a means of evaluating the role of the immune system in hepatic metastases formation. Temporal studies of the specific antitumor response detected by a micro-leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay revealed two patterns of sensitization as the "primary" tumor grew and hepatic metastases developed. The systemic antitumor response was monophasic and disappeared prior to the formation of hepatic metastases. In contrast, the local and regional antitumor response was biphasic. The breakdown in the local and regional response may play a permissive role in the formation of hepatic metastasis. PMID- 7357512 TI - Conjugation of methotrexate to poly (L-lysine) as a potential way to overcome drug resistance. AB - Methotrexate (MTX) was conjugated through a carbodiimide-catalyzed reaction to poly (L-lysines) of various molecular sizes at a ratio of approximately one molecule per 27 lysyl residues. These conjugates were tested on cultured, Chinese hamster, ovary cells known to be drug resistant because of a deficient methotrexate transport. The cellular uptake of conjugated drug far exceeded the uptake of free drug in both drug sensitive and resistant lines. The conjugated drug inhibited the growth of the transport-deficient cells at concentrations at which free drug had no effect. The conjugate failed to inhibit dihydrofolate reductase in vitro. This and other evidence indicate that the strong pharmacologic effect of the MTX-poly(Lys) conjugate is due to the intracellular- presumably intralysosomal--hydrolysis of its polymeric backbone followed by the release inside the cell of an active form of MTX. This conclusion is supported by data obtained with conjugates using poly(D-lysine) as a carrier. This optical isomer is not susceptible to common proteolytic enzymes and MTX-poly(D-Lys) has not growth inhibitory effect whatever on either transport proficient or deficient CHO-cells. MTX-poly(L-lys) can thus be seen as a lysosome-activated drug. PMID- 7357514 TI - Immunoprevention of large bowel cancer: an animal model. AB - Bowel carcinomas developing in rats exposed to 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine (DMH) or N methyl-N-Nitroguanidine (MNNG) have been used as models for human large bowel carcinomas. These rat tumors express unique antigens and shared embryonic antigens detectable by in vitro techniques and by isograft rejection tests. Although the shared antigens induced a much weaker isograft resistance, it is possible to prevent and/or delay development of primary bowel cancers by immuniation against antigens shared among bowel carcinomas and present also on embryonic cells. Evidence is discussed indicating that it is possible to limit the tumor spread and the appearance of additional primary carcinomas by multimodal immunological manipulation and in a small frequency even to achieve tumor regression. PMID- 7357515 TI - Application of in vitro soft agar techniques for growth of tumor cells to the study of colon cancer. AB - An in vitro assay to measure the clonogenic or colony-forming capability of cancer cells present in biopsy samples has recently been applied to study the biology and drug-sensitivity of a variety of human neoplasms. This approach appears to be suitable for study of the tumor stem or progenitor cells present in malignant effusions from patients with colonic carcinoma. In our preliminary studies, morphology of the tumor colonies by inverted microscopy and with Papanicolaou staining of dried agar plating layers as well as immunofluorescent localization with a specific antiserum to human carcinoembrionic antigen have been used as markers of the neoplastic origin of colon tumor colony-forming cells. Successful application of this assay to colonic solid tumors will require improvement in techniques for disaggregation of viable clonogenic cells. We anticipate that short term clonal assays will have increasing use for clinical and biological studies of human colon cancer. PMID- 7357516 TI - Radioimmunodetection of colorectal cancer. AB - This study examines the accuracy of colorectal cancer radioimmunodetection. Twenty-seven patients with a history of histologically-confirmed colonic or rectal carcinoma received a high-titer, purified goat anti-CEA IgG labelled with 131-I at a total dose of at least 1.0 muCi. Various body views were scanned at 24 and 48 hours after administration of the radioantibody. Three additional cases were evaluated; one had a villous adenoma in the rectum and received the 131-I labelled anti-CEA IgG, while two colonic carcinoma patients received normal goat IgG labelled with 131-I. All of the 7 cases with primary colorectal cancer showed true-positive tumor localization, while 20 of 25 sites of metastatic colorectal cancer detected by immune scintigraphy were corroborated by other detection measures. The sensitivity of the radioimmunodetection of colorectal cancers (primary and metastatic) was found to be 90% (true-positive rate), the putative specificity (true-negative rate) was 94%, and the appraent overall accuracy of the technique was 93%. Neither the case of a villous adenoma receiving the anti CEA IgG nor the two cases of colonic cancer receiving normal goat IgG showed tumor radiolocalization. Very high circulating CEA titers did not appear to hinder successful tumor radiolocalization. These findings suggest that in colorectal cancers the method of CEA radioimmunodetection may be of value in preoperatively determining the location and extent of disease, in assessing possible recurrence or spread postoperatively, and in localizing the source of CEA production in patients with rising or elevated CEA titers. An ancilliary benefit could be a more tumor-specific detection test for confirming the findings of other, more conventional diagnostic measures. PMID- 7357517 TI - Lymphokine-mediated immunotherapy studies in mouse tumor systems. AB - Studies have been performed using two subcutaneously implanted mouse tumor models to investigate the immunotherapeutic potential of lymphokine-containing culture supernatants from long-term human lymphoblast cell cultures. Human lymphoblastoid cell line, RPMI 1788, was used as a cell culture source of lymphokines. Supernatants were removed from cultures at the stationary phase of growth and concentrated on Amicon filters retaining molecules above 10,000 Daltons. This concentrate was applied to a Sephadex G-25 column, equilibrated with ammonium bicarbonate buffer, for removal of salts and dye from the culture medium. The effluent was lyophilized and reconstituted for use in further purification by affinity chromatography and SDS-PAGE gels. Such preparations were used to inject DBA/2 mice bearing subcutaneous L-1210 tumors. In addition, the B-16 melanoma was used as a model of a solid tumor in C57Bl/l mice. Animals were treated intralesionally and intraperitoneally with lymphokines containing preparations and control solutions. Tumors growing subcutaneously were susceptible to lymphokine-induced inflammation-mediated regression without additional therapy. In the study of L-1210 subcutaneous tumors, reduction in tumor size was followed by complete regression, prolonged survival, immunity to additional inoculation, and cures in 20--40% of the treated mice. Tumor regression and prolongation of survival were also noted in mice bearing B-16 melanomas. These studies support the use of mouse tumors as bioassays for antitumor inflammatory activity of human lymphokine preparations and help to quantitate their potential use in human tumor immunotherapy. PMID- 7357519 TI - Potentiation of cigarette smoking and radiation: evidence from a sputum cytology survey among uranium miners and controls. AB - To assess the effect of cigarette smoking and of exposure to radon daughters, a prospective survey consisting of periodic sputum cytology evaluation was initiated among 249 underground uranium miners and 123 male controls. Sputum cytology specimens showing moderate atypia, marked atypia, or cancer cells were classified as abnormal. As compared to control smokers, miners who smoke had a significantly higher incidence of abnormal cytology (P = .025). For miner smokers, the observed frequencies of abnormal cytology were linearly related to cumulative exposure to radon daughters and to the number of years of uranium mining. A statistical model relating the probability of abnormal cytology to the risk factors was investigated using a binary logistic regression. The estimated frequency of abnormal cytology was significantly dependent, for controls, on the duration of cigarette smoking, and for miners, on the duration of cigarette smoking and of uranium mining. PMID- 7357518 TI - Immune reactivity in patients with colorectal cancer: assessment of biologic risk by immunoparameters. PMID- 7357520 TI - Combined VM-26 and cytosine arabinoside in treatment of refractory childhood lymphocytic leukemia. AB - On the basis of previous findings at this institution, VM-26 and Cytosine Arabinoside (ara-C) were used in combination to treat 33 children with refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Chemotherapy was given by vein twice a week for four weeks at dosage of 300 mg/m2 for ara-C and 50, 75, 110, 165, or 200 mg/m2 for VM-26. Ten marrow remissions (nine complete and one partial) were induced, with hypotension (2/33) and bone marrow hypoplasia (20/33) the most significant side effects observed. Therapeutic responses were obtained with each dosage of VM 26 except 75 mg/m2; myelosuppression developed at all dosages, being most prolonged at 200 mg/m2. Ten of the 23 non-responders did not complete their planned courses of therapy. The significance of this information is that combinations of VM-26 and ara-C were effective in patients who were either in late stages of their leukemia or had never achieved an initial remission. All had been previously treated with prednisone, vincristine, daunomycin and L asparaginase. In addition, seven of the 10 responders had previously received ara C in other drug combinations. The use of VM-26 and ara-C in combination may be warranted for newly diagnosed patients who are at high risk for treatment failure with first-line drugs. PMID- 7357521 TI - Effective treatment of hormonally-unresponsive metastatic carcinoma of the prostate with adriamycin and cyclophosphamide: methods of documenting tumor response and progression. AB - Combination chemotherapy with Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide was administered to 22 men with progressive tumor following hormonal treatment for metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Objective partial response was documented in 7 patients (32%); an additional four (18%) had stable disease for a minimum of four months, and 11 (50%) were non-responders. Patients with partial response had a median survival of 14 months and lived significantly longer than those with no response (median five months); survival of men with stable disease approximated that of partial responders. Serial utilization of multiple staging procedures during chemotherapy demonstrated that although no single test allowed identification of all patients with objective tumor response or progression, improvement in median of five parameters could be documented in responding patients. In patients adequately studied at the time of disease progression, deterioration in a median of six tests was found. Serum acid phosphatase radionuclide bone scan, and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen were the most sensitive procedures which detected both objective tumor response and progression. Toxicity of chemotherapy was acceptable except in patients with prior radiation therapy. Administration of Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide was associated with clinical benefit in half of our patients with hormone-resistant prostatic cancer. Tumor response and progression can best be objectively assessed if several staging procedures are serially employed during treatment. PMID- 7357522 TI - Pulmonary fibrosis following low-dose 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) therapy. AB - Two women, 65 and 55 years old, with metastatic malignant melanoma, were treated with low doses of BCNU for a short period (six and three months, total dose 2500 and 2000 mg). Both patients developed pulmonary fibrosis, which was visible in postmortem examination. In the first woman, lesion development was so widespread as to be considered responsible for death. Because chest x-ray before treatment was not abnormal, we consider BCNU capable of inducing the lesion. PMID- 7357523 TI - Pulmonary abnormalities in patients intravenously receiving the methanol extraction residue (MER) of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. AB - Eight of 64 patients receiving intravenous administration of methanol extraction residue (MER) of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), developed miliary-type pulmonary parenchymal changes. The clinical and radiological characteristics are described. An increased incidence was noted in patients with a history of previous BCG exposure or with positive PPD skin reactivity. Spontaneous resolution was observed upon discontinuation of MER. These changes most likely respresent a granulomatous inflammatory process, although no histological confirmation was obtained. PMID- 7357526 TI - Hodgkin's disease in childhood: histopathologic classification in relation to age and sex. AB - The histopathologic classification of Hodgkin's disease is discussed in relation to age and sex of 278 children younger than 15 years of age, whose lymph node biopsies were diagnosed between 1963 and 1978 at the Lymph Node Registry in Kiel. The distribution of the histologic subtypes was not essentially different from that in adult cases, with the exception of a lower incidence of the lymphocyte depletion type in children. The youngest patient was 22 months old. We found a gradual increase in the number of cases per year until the age of 15 years. We also confirmed the male preponderance in Hodgkin's disease, which was especially pronounced in the younger age group. The male preponderance was most apparent in the lymphocyte predominance and mixed cellularity types and less evident in the nodular sclerosis and lymphocyte depletion types. The only changes in subtype in sequential biopsies from a total of 34 cases were seen in 3 out of 13 cases of the mixed cellularity type: later biopsies from the 3 cases showed a change to nodular sclerosis. PMID- 7357525 TI - Variation of microsomal mixed function oxidase(s) and human lung cancer. AB - Animal and human studies on aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) have demonstrated wide inter-individual variation. First attempts to link this variation to the susceptibility to certain cancers have been successful in mice but remained inconclusive in man. In a new approach, saliva antipyrine half-lives and metabolic clearance rates have been used to assess individual rates of benzo]a]pyrene metabolism in human subjects. Saliva antipyrine half-lives and metabolic clearance rates have been measured in 57 patients with lung cancer, 90% of whom had quit smoking more than three months prior to the test, 57 cancer-free matched controls, and 59 healthy smoking controls. The mean antipyrine half-life was significantly shorter (P less than 0.001) in lung cancer patients when compared with the cancer-free matched control group, but differed little from that of the smoking group (P less than 0.05). The data support the previous observation than lung cancer patients have increased oxidation rates which, in addition to smoking, might have predisposed them to developing lung cancer. PMID- 7357524 TI - Evaluation of the significance of prognostic factors in stage III Hodgkin's disease treated with MOPP and radiotherapy. AB - One hundred consecutive Stage IIIA and IIIB Hodgkin's disease patients were treated between July 1969 and September 1976, on a combined chemotherapy radiotherapy program consisting of two courses of MOPP followed by radiotherapy to the mantle, abdomen, and pelvis. Eighty-eight patients completed radiotherapy to all disease sites. At the time of this analysis, the mean follow-up period for the 100 patients was 45 months; 70 patients had been followed three to seven years. Projected five-year survival and disease-free survival figures for the 100 patients were 80% and 68% respectively; corresponding results for the 88 patients were 90% and 78%. To determine whether any of the following prognostic factors influenced results for either the 100 or the 88 patients, survival curves were calculated for age, sex, constitutional symptoms, histopathology, method of staging, and status of the mediastinum. Other than age, none of these factors influenced survival significantly. However, disease-free survival figures were influenced adversely by mediastinal disease as well as age. PMID- 7357527 TI - Management of glioma of the optic nerve and/or chiasm: an analysis of 20 cases. AB - The records of 20 patients with biopsy-proven glioma of the optic nerve and chiasm are reviewed. Symptoms and physical findings on admission are reported. Patients were classified, according to the operative findings, into disease limited to the optic nerve and a more extensive disease group. Surgical procedures, operative complications, irradiation technique, and outcome are analyzed. Patients with disease limited to the optic nerve may be adequately managed by resection alone. In the more extensive lesions, high morbidity is associated with resection; therefore, biopsy and irradiation offer the best alternatives for this group of patients. PMID- 7357528 TI - Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy. I. Its value to clinical practice. AB - From the experiences in dealing with 2591 cases of transthoracic and transabdominal fine-needle aspiration biopsies (1967-1978), we present our views on the value of this relatively new diagnostic method to clinical practice. Virtually any accessible localized lesion in any organ of the body can be investigated by fine-needle aspiration biopsy, which is considered most useful in patients with suspected malignant disease. Transthoracic and transabdominal fine needle aspiration biopsy may provide information otherwise obtainable only by thoracotomy or laparotomy. It is an inexpensive and safe method with high accuracy for obtaining a pathologic diagnosis, and can impart some practical significance to clinical practice, especially in clinical management. The pitfalls in cytomorphologic interpretation, which often cause unsuccessful attempts, can be readily avoided with increased practical experience, as indicated by the increase in detection rate of lung cancer by fine-needle aspiration method from 82.8% in 1967-1968 to 93.4% in 1976 at the Toronto General Hospital. The accuracy of cytologic diagnosis plays a major role in spreading this still relatively unfamiliar but excellent diagnostic method. We believe that the method deserves widespread clinical application and when this happens, it will bring about great savings in health care resources. PMID- 7357529 TI - Non-invasive bronchial epithelial papillary tumors. AB - Nineteen papillary, non-invasive tumors arising from the bronchial epithelium but excluding carcinoid tumors are reviewed. Eight were solitary papillomas of which three were covered with a mixture of epithelial types. Seven were benign but one had a focus of carcinoma in situ. A similar change was seen in bronchial epithelium adjacent to a papilloma. Two cases of recurrent papillomas were seen and in one, carcinomatous changes eventually occurred. Two combined benign brochial cystadenomas with papillomas are described. One transitional celled papillary carcinoma in situ and five other papillary carcinomas in situ are described. One bronchial papilloma covered with dysplastic epithelium was considered an intermediate stage in the development of carcinoma in situ. Two papillary tumors may have arisen from peripheral bronchi or brochioles. Their lining cells resembled Clara cells, they grew by local expansion, and there was an absence of malignant features. The differential characteristics of two secondary carcinomatous polypoidal tumors are described. PMID- 7357530 TI - Inhibition of DNA synthesis and enhancement of the uptake and action of methotrexate by low-power-density microwave radiation in L1210 leukemia cells. AB - We have studied the effects of low-power-density microwave (MW) radiation (continuous and pulsed wave with average power density of 10 milliwatts/sq cm and range of 5 to 50 milliwatts/sq cm; frequency, 1.0 GHz) on the uptake and action of methotrexate (MTX), the inhibition of DNA synthesis in L1210 murine leukemia cells in vitro, and the MTX treatment of mice bearing this leukemia. Using short term tissue culture techniques, MTX concentrations of 0.2 microM, and MW exposure times of 20 min, we have found that continuous-wave low-power-density MW irradiation enhances the uptake of [3H]MTX as compared to nonirradiated controls. The enhancement is observed in only a small range of power densities (5 to 25 milliwatts/sq cm) and is in an inverted-U-shaped relationship. MW irradiation alone has an inhibitory effect on the [3H]deoxyuridine incorporation into DNA. Compared to cell suspensions treated with MTX alone, groups treated with MW irradiation followed by MTX exhibit an augmentation of inhibition of DNA synthesis as measured by [3H]deoxyuridine incorporation. Combined treatment of L1210-bearing mice with MW irradiation and MTX in vivo prolonged the duration of survival over that of animals treated with MTX alone, indicating a greater killing of leukemia cells. These results suggest that the therapeutic index of MTX may be improved by the use of MW irradiation at low power densities. PMID- 7357531 TI - Demonstration of a direct carcinogenic effect of estradiol on Leydig cells of the mouse. AB - When testes of 1-day-old BALB/c mice were transplanted to the spleen of castrated isologous recipients and a pellet composed of 20% 17 beta-estradiol-80% cholesterol was placed next to these explants, typical Leydig cell tumors developed in 14 of 24 grafts that were in close apposition to the estrogen source. No tumors developed in such intrasplenic grafts in eight animals in which the pellet was at a distance from the graft. Also, neither tumors nor areas of Leydig cell hyperplasia developed in the 32 testicular grafts placed in the fourth mammary gland of the same animals. Grafting of 1-day-old testes to the spleen of castrated untreated males did not result in the development of tumors during a 1-year period of observation, and implantation of a 17 beta-estradiol pellet into the spleen of 6-week-old animals resulted in no morphological changes in the Leydig cells unless adhesions between the spleen and the abdominal wall had occurred that resulted in a significant systemic circulation of unmetabolized 17 beta-estradiol. A 5-MG 20% 17 beta-estradiol pellet implanted in the s.c. tissues was an effective means of producing Leydig cell tumors both in testes in situ and in testes that had been grafted either to the spleen or to the fourth mammary gland. The results of these experiments indicate that the carcinogenic effect of 17 beta-estradiol results from an action of this estrogen directly upon the Leydig cells rather than by either the action of some systemic metabolite or the alteration of the general endocrine status of the animals. PMID- 7357532 TI - Effect of vitamin E against adriamycin-induced toxicity in rabbits. PMID- 7357533 TI - Immunoprophylaxis of syngeneic methycholanthrene-induced murine sarcomas with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and tumor cells. PMID- 7357534 TI - Tissue disaggregation of human renal cell carcinoma with further isopyknic and isokinetic gradient purification. AB - Five different human renal cell carcinomas were disaggregated with three combinations of enzymes. Significant tumor heterogeneity in response to the enzyme disaggregation was observed. A combination of collagenase (0.5 mg/ml) and trypsin (0.25%) was then used for routine disaggregation of 11 additional tumors. The viability of cells in suspension ranged between 63 and 98% with a mean viability of 83.2 +/- 10.7% (S.D.). The mean yield of total viable cells per g of tissue was 17.4 +/- 14.2 x 10(6). Tumor cells were further fractionated in isopyknic and isokinetic gradients. After isokinetic sedimentation, significant heterogeneity among tumors was seen, but lymphocytes were consistently located in Fraction 7 +/- 2, whereas tumor cells were predominantly in Fraction 22 +/- 1. Malignant epithelial cells were enriched to a 85.8 +/- 9.4% (range, 69.5 to 92.5%) purity by isokinetic gradient centrifugation. Lymphocytes could be successfully separated from tumor cells using an isopyknic gradient. Controlled rate freezing of cells provided material for repeated experiments while short term tissue culture prior to cell separation increased the proportion of viable cells in the suspension. Disaggregation of human renal cell carcinoma and separation of malignant cells from tumor lymphocytes provides the foundation for characterizing these tumors biochemically and for analyzing hormonal responsiveness and the immunological characteristics of these tumors in vitro. PMID- 7357536 TI - Activity of phorbol ester tumor promoters on enucleated Swiss 3T3 cells. AB - The site of action of the phorbol esters, potent tumor promoters, is not known. To evaluate the possible role of the nucleus in the specific interaction of phorbol esters with cells, the activity of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate was determined on intact and enucleated Swiss 3T3 mouse cells. The parameter which was used as a measure of cellular response was the morphological change of transient cell rounding and process formation which was induced in these cells within 2 hr by biologically active phorbol esters. We found no effect of the cell nucleus on the responsiveness of the cells to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. Likewise, the responsiveness of the cells to phorbol-12,13-dibenzoate, phorbol 12,13-diacetate, and phorbol-13-acetate was nuclear independent. These three derivatives were examined because they have comparable efficacies to phorbol-12 myristate-13-acetate (i.e., similar maximal effects) in a variety of in vitro systems but vary greatly (10,000-fold) in potency. We conclude that the phorbol ester receptor coupled to the morphological response (and presumably those other cellular responses which share the same structure-activity requirements) is nonnuclear. PMID- 7357535 TI - The biological significance of estradiol receptor binding to DNA. AB - MTW9-D, a rat mammary tumor derived from MTW9 by chronic administration of the dopamine antagonist drug R33,812 shows ovariectomy-induced regression (OIR). MTW9 MtT is also a variant of MTW9, grown by coimplantation of a mammosomatotropic tumor MtTW10, but it does not show OIR. However, when the mammosomatotropic tumor (MtT) is resected, the tumor regresses and shows rapid OIR; implantation of MtT into animals bearing MTW9-D prevents OIR following drug withdrawal. The estradiol receptor (ER) from MTW9-D cytosol binds to DNA-cellulose significantly more than that from MTW9-MtT. After MtT resection, the mammary tumor ER binds to DNA cellulose, as well as ER from MTW9-D, whereas implantation of MtT into animals bearing MTW9-D decreases ER binding to DNA-cellulose. The significance of these findings in relation to possible clinical application is discussed. PMID- 7357537 TI - Comparative tumor-initiating activity of methylated benzo(a)pyrene derivatives in mouse skin. AB - The abilities of various mono and dimethyl derivatives of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) to initiate skin tumors in mice were determined by using a two-stage system of tumorigenesis. 11-Methylbenzo(a)pyrene was found to be approximately 3 times more active as a tumor initiator than was the parent hydrocarbon; 1-methyl benzo(a)pyrene was about twice as active as was BP. Substitution of a methyl group in positions 7, 8, 9, or 10 of BP, which would be involved in a bay-region diol-epoxide, completely counteracts the tumor-initiating ability of BP. 3-, 4-, and 12-methyl-benzo(a)pyrenes and activity equivalent to that of BP, whereas 2-, 5-, and 6-methylbenzo(a)pyrenes, as well as 1,2-, 4,5-, 1,6-, and 3,6 dimethylbenzo(a)pyrenes, were all less active than BP. The concepts of steric inhibition of metabolic activation and stereospecific activation are suggested to explain the tumor-initiating activities of various methylated derivatives. PMID- 7357538 TI - Circumvention of resistance to daunorubicin by N-acetyldaunorubicin in Ehrlich ascites tumor. AB - Experimental evidence indicates that Ehrlich ascites tumor cells resistant to daunorubicin (DNR) have a higher active drug extrusion than do wild-type cells. In the present study, the possibility of circumventing this mechanism of resistance by addition of an analog of DNR, N-acetyldaunorubicin (N-acetyl-DNR), was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The affinity of N-acetyl-DNR was 7 times lower than that of DNR in the lysates of both wild-type and resistant cells. In agreement with this finding, N-acetyl-DNR reduced the binding of [3H]DNR to lysate from the two cell lines only to a minor extent. On the other hand, N acetyl-DNR exerted a marked inhibition on both the active efflux and the unidirectional influx of [3H]DNR in both cell lines. Within certain limits, addition of N-acetyl-DNR resulted in increased steady-state uptake of [3H]DNR; in wildtype cells, the maximal obtainable elevation was 18%, compared to 142% in resistant cells. In vivo addition of N-acetyl-DNR, even at 80 mg/kg for 4 consecutive days, did not influence the toxicity of DNR in mice. In a therapeutic experiment, addition of N-acetyl-DNR increased the antitumor activity of DNR upon the resistant tumor line significantly, but no change was observed in the wild type tumor. These data indicate that N-acetyl-DNR or related analogs may be used as adjuvants to circumvent acquired resistance to DNR. PMID- 7357539 TI - Effect of fatty acid modifications of cultured hepatoma cells on susceptibility to complement-mediated cytolysis. AB - The fatty acid composition of Morris Hepatoma 7777 cells was modified by exposure to culture media that were supplemented with 0.1 to 0.36 mM oleic or linoleic acid for 5 days. Changes occurred in the fatty acid composition of both the cellular phospholipid and the neutral lipid fractions. Exposure to linoleic acid caused a large increase in the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the cell lipids, whereas enrichment in monoenoic fatty acids occurred when the cells were exposed to high levels of oleic acid. Cellular phospholipid content decreased, cholesterol content did not change, and triglyceride content increased as a result of fatty acid supplementation. The fatty acid-modified cells showed increased susceptibility to complement-mediated cytolysis as compared with control cells grown in unsupplemented culture media. The extent of the increase in susceptibility to cytolysis depended on the degree of lipid modification and also on the cell number and antibody titer used in the assay. Cells enriched with linoleic acid were the most susceptible, but oleic acid enrichment also produced increased susceptibility to immune cytolysis. The kinetic study showed that the initial rate of cytolysis was higher in fatty acid-modified cells than in the control cells. There was no difference in the osmotic fragility of the control and fatty acid-modified cells. These results indicate that changes in the lipid composition of a target cell can influence its susceptibility to complement dependent cytolysis. PMID- 7357540 TI - Effect of high-dose progesterone on growth of rat mammary carcinoma. PMID- 7357541 TI - Effect of 2,3-dihydro-1 H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole on the proliferation of mouse leukemic and normal cells in vivo. AB - Administration of 2,3-dihydro-1 H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole (IMPY; NSC 51143), 250 to 500 mg/kg, in Day 5 L1210 and P388 (ascites) tumor-bearing mice did not consistently prolong the life span of tumor-bearing animals. Flow cytometry and autoradiographic studies showed that, after 12 to 18 hr of a single IMPY injection, both P388 and L1210 tumor cells were synchronized in S phase. In contrast, IMPY inhibited cellular proliferation in both bone marrow and duodenal crypts during the first 24 hr. and a recovery was detectable only after 36 hr, returning to pretherapy values by 72 hr. Preliminary data indicate that this differential response of normal versus tumor cells to IMPY can be exploited to maximize chemotherapeutic efficacy in scheduled chemotherapy with cycle-specific agents. PMID- 7357542 TI - Persistence of resistant putative preneoplastic hepatocytes induced by N nitrosodiethylamine or N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. AB - The administration of either N-nitrosodiethylamine (diethyl-nitrosamine) to intact male F-344 rats or N-methyl-N-nitrosourea to similar animals 18 hr after partial hepatectomy results in the induction of altered resistant hepatocytes that persist for up to 36 weeks with no perceptible decrease in their number. The criterion for resistance was the ability to proliferate rapidly and to develop into foci or nodules when exposed to a level of dietary 2-acetylaminofluorene that inhibits the proliferation of the vast majority of hepatocytes when liver cell proliferation is stimulated by surgical or chemical partial hepatectomy. Since this selection procedure, when coupled with a single dose of diethylnitrosamine, is associated with a high incidence of liver cancer as compared to appropriate controls, and since similar foci and nodules were shown previously to be one site of origin for hepatocellular carcinoma in this model, the induction of resistant hepatocytes is interpreted as initiation. Thus, these results suggest that initiation of liver carcinogenesis in this model is irreversible, at least for a period of 36 weeks. PMID- 7357543 TI - Binding of [3H]12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate to intact human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Our studies indicate that tritiated 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate ([3H]TPA) produced by the reduction of the C-20 aldehyde with sodium [3H]borohydride is recognized by the same cellular site as is unlabeled 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). None of the concentrations of TPA used in these studies had an effect on the cell number and viability of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) when incubated up to 1 hr at temperatures of 37 and 4 degrees as compared to untreated controls. [3H]TPA was not significantly metabolized by these cells after 1 hr at 37 degrees. Examination of the binding of [3H]TPA with simultaneous examination of uptake of tritiated thymidine ([3H]dThd) in parallel cultures demonstrated a close correlation between the apparent binding constant (0.94 X 10(8) M-1) and the activation constant for TPA stimulation of [3H]-dThd incorporation (0.95 X 10(-8) M). Binding of [3H]TPA was examined in two experimental conditions in which TPA-induced mitogenesis was inhibited: (a) preincubation of HPBL at 37 degrees for 24 hr causes a decrease of [3H]dThd uptake of 50% and an apparent loss of binding sites for [3H]TPA; and (b) glucocorticoid inhibition of [3H]dThd uptake in HPBL by 50%, however, did not reduce [3H]TPA binding. Our data suggest that cellular receptors either at the membrane or in the cytoplasm exist for TPA in HPBL. Alterations in binding of TPA to these receptors may account for the decrease in mitogenic response in preincubation experiments. PMID- 7357544 TI - Role of vascular function in response of tumors in vivo to hyperthermia. AB - The response of SCK tumor cells in vivo and in vitro to heat was compared, and the relationship between the kinetics of cell death and vascular function in tumors in vivo after hyperthermia was studied. The number of clonogenic cells in tumors excised immediately after heating was significantly less than that in the in vitro culture treated with the same heat doses. This suggested that the tumor cells in vivo are far more sensitive to direct damage by heat than are the cells in vitro. When the tumors were left in situ after hyperthermia at 43.5 degrees for 30 min, there was a progressive decrease in cell survival until 6 to 12 hr after the heating. The study of intravascular volume using the 51Cr-labeled red blood cell method indicated that severe vascular occlusion occurs in the tumor after hyperthermia. It therefore appeared that delayed cell death in tumors in vivo after hyperthermia resulted from an insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrients and an increase in acidity due to the vascular occlusion. Both the direct damage to tumor cells and the indirect damage to tumor cells as a consequence of vascular occlusion may play important roles in the eradication of tumors by hyperthermia. PMID- 7357545 TI - Transport of melphalan by sensitive and resistant L1210 cells. PMID- 7357546 TI - L-phenylalanine mustard (melphalan) uptake and cross-linking in the RPMI 6410 human lymphoblastoid cell line. AB - L-Phenylalanine mustard (melphalan) induced a time- and concentration-dependent arrest of cycling RPMI 6410 cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle as evidenced by flow cytofluorometry. A melphalan exposure of 1 microgram/ml for 1 hr caused a temporary G2 blockage which was overcome by 48 hr. Higher concentrations or longer exposures lead to irreversible blockages. Melphalan caused DNA cross linking which was monitored by the alkaline elution method. The cross-linking was shown to be between DNA and protein. The degree of DNA cross-linking increased for approximately 4 hr after a 1-hr drug exposure of 1 microgram/ml. At 36 to 48 hr after the drug exposure, the cells overcame the G2 block and were dividing. The DNA cross-links have apparently been repaired as they are no longer detected by alkaline elution. The extent of melphalan cross-linking was dependent on both drug dosage and exposure time. Using a culture medium lacking amino acids, it was shown that melphalan uptake into RPMI 6410 cells was inhibited by leucine, isoleucine, or glutamine. The increased uptake of melphalan and the increased cross-linking in amino acid-deficient media were reduced by readdition of the aforementioned amino acids. PMID- 7357547 TI - An in vitro and in vivo investigation of three surface-active agents as modulators of cell proliferation. PMID- 7357548 TI - Increase of sister chromatid exchanges and perturbations of cell division kinetics in human lymphocytes by benzene metabolites. AB - Benzene, which has been associated with human cancers, is metabolized to produce several major metabolites that could be responsible for the biological effects. Tests have now been carried out on human lymphocytes in culture to determine if benzene or its metabolites, phenol, catechol, and hydroquinone, induce cytogenetic changes and affect the cell cycle. The results indicate that benzene itself does not induce sister chromatid exchanges or affect cell cycle kinetics over a wide range of doses. Phenol has an effect only at very high doses. On the other hand, catechol is a potent compound that induces sister chromatid exchanges and delays cell division very readily. Hydroquinone is also potent, but less so than catechol. Thus, the formation of catechol and hydroquinone is the most likely cause of benzene toxicity. PMID- 7357549 TI - Comparative carcinogenicities and mutagenicities of vinyl carbamate, ethyl carbamate, and ethyl N-hydroxycarbamate. PMID- 7357550 TI - Platelets as a source of growth-promoting factor(s) for tumor cells. AB - Human platelet lysate was shown to contain growth-promoting activity for four well-established malignant cell lines. Platelet lysate was able to support their cell proliferation without plasma or serum, indicating that platelets contained "survival factor" as well as mitogenic factor for these tumor cells. The growth promoting activity was nondialyzable, heat stable up to 56 degrees, and partially trypsin labile, but it was completely destroyed by periodate oxidation, suggesting that a glycoprotein or glycopeptide may be the active principle. The activity was released from platelets aggregated by thrombin or collagen but not by adenosine diphosphate. This suggests that alpha-granules may be the principle storage site for growth-promoting activity. PMID- 7357551 TI - Characterization of the platelet-aggregating activity of tumor cells. AB - Two lines of mouse tumor cells were shown to be capable of aggregating mouse and rabbit platelets in vitro. This process required higher Mg2+ concentrations than were needed by other commonly used platelet-aggregating agents. Platelet aggregating activity was also found in tumor cell membrane fragments. This membrane-bound platelet-aggregating material contained protein, lipid, and carbohydrate moieties. The presence of all three appeared to be essential for stimulating platelet aggregation. Destruction of any component abolished its activity: protein by trypsin; lipid by phospholipase A2 and non-ionic detergents; and sialic acid by neuraminidase. Platelet aggregation induced by tumor cell membrane fragments was associated with a secretory release reaction. In this process, growth-promoting activity for tumor cells was also released from platelets. These results underline the importance of platelets in establishing tumor metastases. PMID- 7357552 TI - Pharmacokinetic basis for differences in methotrexate sensitivity of normal proliferative tissues in the mouse. AB - Following s.c. administration of varying doses of methotrexate (12 to 400 mg/kg) to mice, the drug accumulated more rapidly and to much higher levels in the small intestine in comparison to bone marrow. The persistence of exchangeable levels of drug (i.e. above that presumed to be equal to the dihydrofolate reductase-binding capacity) was also much greater in the small intestine. In addition, the more prolonged persistence of exchangeable drug in the small intestine compared to marrow correlated with a substantially longer duration of inhibition of DNA synthesis ([6-3H]deoxyuridine incorporation) in the former. Earlier recovery of DNA synthesis as a consequence of more rapid loss of drug appears to explain the lower sensitivity of marrow compared to small intestine to the effects of this agent in mice. These studies extend prior studies in our laboratory to the two major host proliferative populations in mice and allow us to propose that the property for accumulating and maintaining pharmacologically effective intracellular levels of folate analogs is differential among all proliferative tissues (tumor and normal) of this animal and probably in higher mammals as well. PMID- 7357553 TI - Influence of chronic Toxoplasma infection on ethylnitrosourea-induced central nervous system tumors in rats. AB - Because prior work with mice had revealed remarkable inhibition of central nervous system (CNS) tumor by chronic Toxoplasma infection, the effect of immunomodulation produced by this obligate intracellular parasite was studied in rats which developed CNS tumors following transplacental exposure to the chemical carcinogen ethylnitrosourea. Groups of Fischer 344 rats which had been exposed to ethylnitrosourea were either uninfected or infected at 1 month of age with a virulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii. Rats were sacrificed when morbid symptoms from tumor growth developed, and neural tissue was prepared for light microscopy. Chronic Toxoplasma infection had no effect on the survival of rats or on the amount, location, or histological type of CNS tumor which developed. Although serum antibody to Toxoplasma was present in all infected rats for the duration of the experiment, there was no histological evidence in the brain of a cellular response to infection or to the presence of tumor. When these results are compared to prior experiments of CNS tumor in mice, they suggest that mechanisms of protection against Toxoplasma infection differ in mice and rats and that an inflammatory component produced by the Toxoplasma organism in the brain is a necessary prerequisite for tumor inhibition. PMID- 7357554 TI - Purification and characterization of acid phosphatase from Dunning R3327H prostatic adenocarcinoma. AB - Acid phosphatase (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) was isolated from the Dunning R3327H prostatic adenocarcinoma, a slow-growing and hormone-sensitive rat prostate tumor histologically similar to well-differentiated human prostatic cancer. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity and characterized. In comparison with the acid phosphatase isolated from human malignant prostate, the acid phosphatase from the Dunning rat tumor was similar in molecular weight [100,000 +/- 10% (S.D.)]. However, it possessed a single isoelectric point of 7.6 (human prostatic acid phosphatase showed multiple isoenzymes at 4.4 to 5.3); an electrophoretic mobility of 0.5 in reference to human prostatic acid phosphatase on 7.5% polyacrylamide gel, pH 8.5; an optimal pH of 5.0 with alpha-naphthyl phosphate as the substrate in 0.1 M citrate buffer (human prostatic acid phosphatase, 5.5); and a Km (alpha-naphthyl phosphate) of 6.9 X 10(-4) M (human prostatic acid phosphatase, 4.4 X 10(-5) M). Furthermore, it did not cross-react with antiserum raised against human prostatic acid phosphatase. These results show that the acid phosphatase of the Dunning R3327H prostatic adenocarcinoma is biochemically and immunologically distinct from human prostatic acid phosphatase and may be unique for this animal model of prostatic cancer. PMID- 7357555 TI - Specific inhibition of proliferation of nonmalignant rat hepatic cells by a factor from rat liver. AB - A simple quantitative assay based on the colony-forming ability of cells was used to investigate the effect of partially purified factors isolated from rat liver on the proliferation of nonmalignant and malignant rat liver epithelial cells in culture. Using this assay, which differentiates between the cytostatic and cytotoxic actions of the test materials, we found that the liver factors exerted a dose-dependent cytostatic inhibition of nonmalignant liver cells but had no inhibitory effect on malignant liver cells. However, the crude fractions showed a significant activation of the proliferation of one of the malignant cell lines tested. The inhibitory effect of this material was not due to arginase, thymidine, or thymidine-degrading enzymes. The respective inhibitory and activating effects exerted by very low concentration of the liver fractions could not be resolved by our separation methods. Even though the material may contain a mixture of activators and inhibitors, it is likely that the differential effect on the proliferative capacity of nonmalignant and malignant cells is due to the altered state of the malignant cells. PMID- 7357556 TI - Progressive DNA damage in hepatic nodules during 2-acetylaminofluorene carcinogenesis. AB - The method of alkaline elution was used to detect DNA alteration in rat liver throughout the carcinogenic sequence that resulted from exposure to a standard four-cycle feeding regimen of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AFF). At the end of 3 weeks of AAF feeding, DNA from aliquots of whole liver demonstrated a small but significant degree of damage. By the end of the fourth AAF feeding, the liver exhibited numerous nodules that could be dissected free from surrounding tissue. DNA from these putative premalignant lesions showed approximately 136% more damage than that seen at the end of 3 weeks of AAF feeding. Two to 4 months following the cessation of AAF, DNA from persistent nodules was examined for eivdence of alteration. Despite the prolonged absence of exposure to AAF, DNA damage was found to have progressed and was as much as 320% greater than that seen at the end of the first cycle. While the persistence of DNA damage during chronic exposure to a carcinogen has been reported previously, the observations that the DNA of a focal lesion which is putatively premalignant was damaged and, further, that this alteration progressed in the absence of a carcinogen, are unique. PMID- 7357557 TI - Effect of thymidine on the toxicity, antitumor activity, and metabolism of 1-beta D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in rats bearing a chemically induced colon carcinoma. PMID- 7357558 TI - Serum sialyltransferase levels as a parameter in the diagnosis and follow-up of gastrointestinal tumors. AB - Serum sialytransferase (SST) levels were determined in patients with various gastrointestinal cancers at different clinical stages. These SST values are significantly elevated over normal healthy controls, and a correlation was observed beteen tumor stage and SST activity. While SST levels rise in patients with increasing tumor burdens, they revert to normal in patients with undetectable tumor tissue after radical surgery. In a group of patients, carcinoembryonic levels were determined along with SST values, and both sets of data were correlated to the clinical diagnoses. The usefulness of SST determinants in the diagnosis and follow-up of gastrointestinal tumors is discussed. PMID- 7357559 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of benzo(a)pyrene metabolism by human lymphocytes from donors of different aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducibility and antipyrine half-lives. AB - With high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), lymphocytes from six human donors were evaluated for their ability to metabolize benzo(a)pyrene (BP). Donors whose aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducibility ratios ranged from 2.4 to 4.6 and whose antipyrine plasma half-lives ranged from 8 to 17 hr were examined. The BP metabolites identified were: 7,8-dihydrodiol, quinones, and 9-hydroxy and 3-hydroxy phenols. HPLC profiles of BP metabolites elaborated by uninduced (control) and benz(a)anthracene-induced lymphocytes were qualitatively similar among the six donors. A good correlation (r = 0.79) was found between known AHH inducibility ratios for the donors, as determined by the conventional fluorometric AHH assay, and induction of BP phenol production quantitated from HPLC data. HPLC results also indicated that the induction of benzo(a)pyrene-7,8 dihydrodiol, the proposed proximate carcinogenic form of BP, did not parallel BP phenol induction. Furthermore, the data also indicated a good negative correlation between AHH inducibility and the measurements of plasma antipyrine or urinary 4-hydroxyantipyrine half-lives (r = -0.88 or -0.91), respectively. PMID- 7357560 TI - Effect of dietary vitamin E on dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic tumors in mice. AB - This study investigates the effect of variations in dietary vitamin E on the incidence of dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic tumors in mice. Two groups of 65 LACA mice were given 28 weekly s.c. injections of dimethylhydrazine. The only difference in the management of the two groups was the dietary content of vitamin E; one group received 10 mg/kg, and the other group received 600 mg/kg. Of these two groups, 42 and 51 mice, respectively, survived, and there were significantly more adenomas, more adenomas with pleomorphic cytology, and more invasive carcinomas in the group receiving a low vitamin E supplement to their diet. It is suggested that vitamin E may have some part to play in the multifactorial effect of diet on colorectal carcinogenesis. PMID- 7357561 TI - Erythrocyte entrapment of daunomycin by amphotericin B without hemolysis. AB - Amphotericin B is a polyene that binds to sterols and perforates cell membranes. An antileukemic drug such as daunomycin added exogenously is impermeable to the red cell membrane. However, when the cells are incubated with a low concentration of amphotericin B, daunomycin is entrapped in the red cells without hemolysis or alteration in the chemical parameter of the erythrocytes. The erythrocyte has been used as a carrier vehicle to enhance the cytotoxic activity of daunomycin against L1210 leukemic cells. In comparison to control preparations, the greatest increase in survival was obtained in vivo when the erythrocytes with entrapped daunomycin were given to C57BL X DBA/2 F1 mice bearing L1210 cells. PMID- 7357562 TI - Influence of chlorambucil, a bifunctional alkylating agent, on DNA replication and histone gene expression in HeLa S3 cells. AB - We have examined the influence of chlorambucil, a bifunctional alkylating agent that inhibits cell proliferation, on DNA replication and histone gene expression in exponentially growing HeLa S3 cells. During the period of treatment with chlorambucil (up to 3 days), neither transcription nor translation in general appeared to be affected, but the incorporation of [14C]thymidine into DNA was reduced to 15% of control values by the third day. The appearance of newly synthesized histones and non-histone proteins on chromatin was inhibited with a time course similar to that for inhibition of DNA synthesis. However, the representation of histone messenger RNA sequences in various cellular compartments did not appear to be affected by chlorambucil treatment, in contrast to the loss of histone messenger RNA sequences from polyribosomes following the more rapid inhibition of DNA and histone synthesis by 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine or hydroxyurea. The possibility is considered that chlorambucil interferes with histone gene expression at posttranscriptional or posttranslational levels. We also conclude that the inhibition of DNA synthesis by chlorambucil is most probably an indirect effect, a result of the inhibition of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. PMID- 7357563 TI - Influence of surfactant concentration on the antitumor activity of emulsified components of mycobacteria. AB - The influence of Tween 80 content on the antitumor activity of emulsified mycobacterial components administered intralesionally was studied in mice. The number of treated animals in which there was complete regression of tumor depended on the concentration of Tween in each of the emulsions. An additional variable was the size distribution of the mineral oil droplets, which depended on whether the emulsions were prepared by ultrasonication or by mechanical grinding. Emulsions of mycobacterial components (cell walls of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate) prepared by ultrasonication contained smaller oil droplets than did those prepared by grinding. Ground emulsions retained antitumor activity over a wider range of Tween concentrations than did ultrasonically prepared emulsions. The latter required Tween at concentrations in an optimal range above which the tumor-regressive potency was diminished. Emulsions of trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate containing the lowest concentration of Tween needed to produce a relatively stable preparation contained larger oil droplets and were immunotherapeutically less active than were those prepared with an optimal concentration of Tween. Emulsions of B. Calmette-Guerin cell walls retained antitumor activity even in the absence of added Tween. PMID- 7357564 TI - Decreased DNA repair synthesis and defective colony-forming ability of ataxia telangiectasia fibroblast cell strains treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. AB - DNA repair synthesis and posttreatment colony-forming ability were measured in six human fibroblast cell strains derived from patients with the autosomal recessive disorder, ataxia telangiectasia (AT), and five cell strains from normal individuals. All 11 cell strains showed approximately equal levels of DNA repair synthesis after methyl methanesulfonate and ultraviolet light treatments assayed by the benzoylated naphthoylated diethylaminoethyl-cellulose method. Four AT cell strains exhibited 27 to 41% of the repair shown by normal cell strains after treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Two AT cell strains had normal levels of repair synthesis after MNNG treatment. All the AT strains tested had normal survival after treatment with methyl methanesulfonate and ultraviolet light as assayed by posttreatment colony-forming ability. The six AT cell strains exhibited diminished survival after MNNG treatment. The inhibition of [3H]thymidine uptake as a function of MNNG concentration was similar for all the normal and AT cell strains tested. PMID- 7357566 TI - Synthesis and immunoadjuvant activities of muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine and some carbohydrate analogs. PMID- 7357565 TI - Clinical correlations of steroid receptors and male breast cancer. AB - Estrogen receptors (ER) were present in tumor specimens from 29 of 34 cases of male breast cancer. There was a significant negative correlation of ER concentration with age. The quantity of ER tended to correlate directly with progesterone receptor levels, disease-free interval, and response duration among responders, but not to a statistically significant extent. In 13 patients for whom response data were available, no significant correlation was observed between ER levels and either frequency or duration of orchiectomy response. Among the six patients with tumor ER levels of less than 30 fmol per mg of protein, however, only two brief responses to orchiectomy occurred that were of little clinical benefit, while three of seven patients with higher ER responded more favorably. Thus, although this suggests that a relationship between low ER and unfavorable orchiectomy response may emerge as more patients are studied, currently available data do not justify basing therapeutic intervention on ER status of a biopsy in a manner analogous to that used for female breast cancer. Nine of 14 male breast cancer patients had positive progesterone receptor assays and several had androgen or glucocorticoid receptors. Tissue from only three of ten men with gynecomastia had measurable ER, and these were limited to the 4S component on sucrose gradients. PMID- 7357568 TI - Comparison of alkal-labile oligosaccharide chains of M and N blood-group glycopeptides from human erythrocyte membrane. AB - Alkali-borohydride degradation of M or N blood-group active, tryptic glycopeptides and glycoproteins was performed under conditions giving the reduced oligosaccharides in a yield significantly improved over that reported earlier. Degradation of desialosylated glycoproteins yielded beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 3)-D GalNAcol, D-GalNA-col, and Galol in a ratio of approximately 30:1:1. GalNAc was shown to be alpha-D-linked to the polypeptide chain. Degradation of the glycopeptides gave the tetrasaccharide, NeuAc-(2 leads to 3)-beta-D-Galp-(leads to 3)-[NeuAc-(2 leads to 6)]-D-GalNAcol, and two trisaccharides, NeuAc-(2 leads to 3)-beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 3)-D-GalNAcol and beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 3)-[NeuAc (2 leads to 6)]-D-GalNAcol, in a molar ratio of approximately 8:3:1. These oligosaccharides were accompanied by minor amounts of unidentified compounds showing identical electrophoretic mobility when derived from M and N glycopeptides. During isolation of the reduced oligosaccharides, the release of sialic acid did not exceed 5.5%, indicating that only a part of the trisaccharide portion might have arisen as a result of desialosylation of the tetrasaccharide. No differences between the degradation products derived from M and N glycoproteins were found, and the presence of significant amounts of larger, alkali-labile oligosaccharides was not observed. PMID- 7357567 TI - Synthesis of N-acetyl-6-amino- and -6-(acylamino)-6-deoxymuramoyl dipeptides, and their immunoadjuvant activities. PMID- 7357569 TI - Modifications at C-3 and C-4 of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose. AB - Modifications at C-3 and C-4 of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose have been developed. A 3,4-double bond was introduced into benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3,4-di-O methylsulfonyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside by treatment with NaI and Zn. Epoxidation of the double bond with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid gave an exo-epoxide exclusively. The stereochemistry of the epoxidation product has been confirmed by an alternative synthesis. An analysis of the 1H-n.m.r. spectra indicates that both the 3,4-unsaturated derivatives and the epoxide exist in the OH1 (D) conformation. Nucleophilic reagents (F-, I-) opened the 3,4-epoxide to give 4 substituted derivatives having the D-gulo configuration. Thus, 2-acetamido-1,3,6 tri-O-acetyl-2,4-dideoxy-4-iodo-alpha-D-gulopyranose and 2-acetamido-1,3,6-tri-O acetyl-3,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro-alpha-D-gulopyranose have been synthesized. Reduction of the double bond in the key intermediate and deprotection gave 2-acetamido 2,3,4-trideoxy-D-glucopyranose. Some of the derivatives were active as inhibitors of growth of mouse, mammary adenocarcinoma cells in culture. PMID- 7357570 TI - 4-N-acylfortimicins B and the preparation of fortimicin A from fortimicin B. AB - Selective 4-N-acylation of fortimicin B (2) has been accomplished by 4-N acylation of 1,2',6'-tri-N-benzyloxycarbonylfortimicin B (4) followed by hydrogenolysis of the N-protecting benzyloxycarbonyl groups. In this manner, fortimicin B was converted into fortimicin A (1), and a series of 4-N acylfortimicins B (3) was prepared for antibacterial assay. The key intermediate, 1,2',6'-tri-N-benzyloxycarbonylfortimicin B, was prepared either directly from fortimicin B or by converting fortimicin A into 1,2',6',2''-tetra-N benzyloxycarbonylfortimicin A (6a), followed by selective hydrolysis of the 4-N (N-benzyloxycarbonyl)glycyl group of the latter. PMID- 7357571 TI - A general and sensitive chemical method for sequencing the glycosyl residues of complex carbohydrates. AB - This paper describes a new glycosyl-sequencing method. This method was made possible by the ability to fractionate complex mixtures of peralkylated oligosaccharides by reversed-phase, high-pressure liquid chromatography. The fractionation ability of the reversed-phase system allows the isolation and subsequent unambiguous identification by g.l.c.-m.s. of disaccharides, almost all trisaccharides, and, in some cases, tetrasaccharides generated by successive partial acid hydrolysis, reduction, and ethylation of a permethylated, complex carbohydrate. As these small oligosaccharides overlap within the unhydrolyzed, complex carbohydrate, the oligosaccharide sequences may be pieced together, and, with the glycosyl-linkage composition of the intact complex carbohydrate, can be used to determine the glycosyl sequence of the complex carbohydrate. The details of the sequencing method are illustrated by the elucidation of the glycosyl sequences of three complex carbohydrates. These examples demonstrate the wide variety of complex carbohydrates whose structures can be ascertained by the new sequencing technique. Two of the examples are the commercially available polysaccharides, lichenan and xanthan, whose structures have already been reported. The other example is a nonasaccharide derived from xyloglucan, a structural polymer of plant cell-walls. The glycosyl residues of the complex carbohydrates studied include hexosyl, deoxyhexosyl, pentosyl, glycosyluronic, and pyruvic acetal-substituted hexosyl residues. It will be demonstrated that the new glycosyl-sequencing technique is not compromised by the presence, in the carbohydrate to be analyzed, of glycosyl linkages possessing very different acid labilities. Two major advantages of this sequencing technique are that it is relatively rapid and that it requires only milligram quantities of carbohydrate. PMID- 7357572 TI - Structure of the extracellular polysaccharide from Corynebacterium insidiosum. PMID- 7357573 TI - The sources of acid hydrolases for photoreceptor membrane degradation in a grapsid crab. AB - Dawn photoreceptor breakdown in the crab Leptograpsus variegatus is analysed at the ultrastructural level. Coated vesicles derived from microvilli are assembled as mutlivesicular bodies (mvbs), which degrade to multilamellar bodies (mls) and are lysed. Cytochemical markers for hydrolases were a fluoride-inhibited beta glycerophosphatase and a fluoride-insensitive p-nitrophenyl phosphatse, with indistinguishable distributions when localised at pH 5.0. These enzymes are injected into the secondary lysomes from two sources: (i) immediately after dawn Golgi bodies are highly active, and differentiate a transtubular network, from which tubules and vesicles detach, and can be seen fusing with mvbs and mlbs. (ii) Saccules derived from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) provide a second source and are most often seen in association with late mlbs. Both kinds of primary lysosome rare give AcPh-positive responses when free in the cytosol, but are seen to do so as they make contact with their secondary lysosomal targets. Lipid droplets and lipofuscin bodies are interpreted as the residual products of breakdown. These results are discussed in relation to previous findings on photoreceptor membrane breakdown in a dinopid spider. Attention is drawn to the implied diversity of organisation of lysosomal compartments in receptors which internalise membranes of similar compositions. PMID- 7357574 TI - Ultrastructural study of the human neurohypophysis. I. Neurosecretory axons and their dilatations in the pars nervosa. AB - Neurosecretory axons and their dilatations in the pars nervosa of the human neurohypophysis were studied electron microscopically. The axons are of two different types based on their content of neurosecretory granules (NSGs): (i) NSGs of Type A are 100-300 nm, and (ii) NSGs of type B are 50-100 nm in diameter. While fibers (or axons) of type B were scarce, showing simple swellings and terminal formations, fibers of type A were ubiquitous in the human pars nervosa, exhibiting numerous dilatations with a diversity of internal structure, apparently representing the ultrastructural manifestation of intraaxonal turnover of neurohypophysial hormones. Based on the predominating aspect of their internal structure, dilatations of type A-fibers were classified into six different types, with various transitional forms: Type I is characterized by abundant NSGs; type II by prominent mitochondria; type III by abundant lysosomal bodies; type IV by an electron-lucent matrix with few organelles; type V by prominent tubuloreticular profiles; and type VI by numerous microvesicles. The functional significance of each type is discussed and a scheme of possible interrelationships between these dilatations is proposed. PMID- 7357575 TI - Autophagy of ferritin incorporated into the cytosol of Hela cells by liposomes. AB - Ferritin was trapped in negatively charged liposomes consisting of phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl serine in a molar ratio of 9:1. Unilamellar vesicles were prepared by ultrasonic treatment. HeLa cells were incubated with these liposomes for 2h and chased for 0, 2, 14 and 20 h. The migration pathway of ferritin in the cells was followed by quantitative electron microscopy. Ferritin was detected exclusively in cytosol and lysosomes. Evidence is presented that free ferritin in cytosol enters lysosomes. PMID- 7357576 TI - The role of gap junctions in trophoblastic cell fusion in the guinea-pig placenta. AB - Fusion of cytotrophoblast cells in the guinea-pig placenta occurs at regions of plasma membrane interdigitation where the cells are attached to one another by complex arrays of gap junctions and desmosomes. Fusion begins at the gap junctions, which are lost in this process. The desmosomes play no obvious part in the fusion mechanism and remain after fusion as sites of attachment of syncytiotrophoblast membrane to itself. It is proposed that a major role of gap junctions in placental development is to bring trophoblast plasma membranes into a close relationship which may act as a starting point for cell fusion. PMID- 7357577 TI - The seminiferous epithelium in the guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). AB - Spermiogenesis and cellular associations in the seminiferous epithelium of the guinea fowl were studied and described in "sexually" active adult birds. PAS stain was found to be useful in the recognition of steps of spermatid differentiation only in the first early stages. Nuclear morphological changes were subsequently found to be more reliable in tracing steps of spermiogenesis. It was observed that haematoxylin-eosin stained tissue can be used in the study of spermiogenesis in the bird. Various stages of the seminiferous epithelium were observed in any cross-section of the seminiferous tubules. Distinct cellular associations were observed, but intermix of adjacent germ cells or heterogenous cellular associations were frequently encountered. PMID- 7357578 TI - Origin and distribution of VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide)-nerves in the genito-urinary tract. AB - VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide)-immunoreactive nerves were found throughout the genito-urinary tract of the cat; they were less numerous in the guinea pig and in the rat. In the cat, VIP nerves were particularly numerous in the neck of the urinary bladder and proximal urethra, in the uterine cervix and in the prostate gland. The nerves were found in smooth muscle, around blood vessels and in the connective tissue immediately beneath the epithelium. Ganglia were found below the trigonum area of the bladder, in the wall of the proximal urethra, and in paracervical tissue. VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies occurred in all these ganglionic formations. These ganglia probably represent the origin of the VIP nerves of the genital tract since their removal in the female cat greatly reduced the VIP nerve supply. Transection of the hypogastric nerves had no overt effect. Transection of the cervix eliminated the VIP nerves above the level of the lesion, except those in the ovaries, supporting the view that the VIP nerves of the uterus and the oviduct are derived from a paracervical source. PMID- 7357579 TI - Ultrastructure of the human enamel organ. II. Internal enamel epithelium, preameloblasts, and secretory ameloblasts. AB - The fine structure of internal enamel epithelium, preameloblasts and secretory ameloblasts in primary tooth germs (bell stage) from four human foetuses was investigated. The characteristics of the differentiation of internal enamel epithelium via preameloblasts to secretory ameloblasts are described. The internal enamel epithelium consists of a row of low differentiated prismatic cells separated from the dental papilla by a distinct even basal lamina. In the preameloblasts the rough endoplasmic reticulum cisterns and mitochondria increase in number, the Golgi complexes become extensive and take up a distal position, and secretory granules are formed. Furthermore, the basal lamina is removed by coated vesicles, and proximally and distally in the cells a complex of zonulae adhaerentes, terminal webs and gap junctions is formed. The secretory ameloblasts make up a layer of highly differentiated cells demonstrating typical merocrine secretion. PMID- 7357580 TI - The time course of synapse formation of mouse neuroblastoma cells in monolayer cultures. AB - Neuroblastoma cells grown on substrates in culture develop long processes and assume the morphology of normal neurons as judged light microscopically. The development of synapses in the cultured tissue is studied by periodic electron microscopic examination of the areas of contact between cells. The initial explants are free of any apparent synaptic contacts. After 48 h in culture, simple swellings or boutons are detected at the periphery of the cells or at the end of the fine processes. These initial synaptic profiles contain a few vesicles but lack mitochondria. The synaptic vesicles appear to originate from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Further explants remain primitive, only the number of vesicles in the cytoplasmic swellings or boutons increases. These clusters of vesicles are 40-60 nm in diameter and morphologically distinguishable from the synaptic vesicles of normal neurons. There are no postsynaptic folds or membrane thickenings. Specialized cell contacts between cells are also present. PMID- 7357581 TI - Extracellular shedding of photoreceptor membrane in the open rhabdom of a tipulid fly. AB - The compound eyes of the Australia tipulid fly, Ptilogyna, shed the bulk of their rhabdomeral membrane to extracellular space during turnover. The rhabdomeres of the retinulae lie in a common extracellular space (ECS), which is subdivided in the proximal retina. Before dawn, a distal region of the microvilli in each rhabdomere differentiates and becomes less electron-dense after conventional fixation. The differentiated region then dilates and develops an irregular profile. A few hours after dawn, the transformed tips break off and form a detritus in the ECS. The degraded membrane is internalised back into the retinula cells by mass endocytosis. Retinulae develop pseudopodia at sites bordering the ECS and engulf the membrane detritus, which comes to lie first of all in vacuoles within the receptor cells and then forms very large multivesicular bodies. The latter transform to multilamellar and residual bodies and are, presumably, lysed. Surrounding these secondary lysosomes are rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth tubular systems, tentatively considered on comparative grounds to provide hydrolases. The literature concerning the ultrastructure of compound eyes offers a small number of instances where extracellular shedding can be suspected for morphological reasons. Attention is drawn to analogies with the shedding of photoreceptor membranes in vertebrate retinae. PMID- 7357582 TI - Calcitonin-like immunochemical staining in the alimentary tract of Ciona intestinalis L. AB - Calcitonin-like immunoreactivity has been found with the peroxidase-anti perioxidase (PAP) method in cells of the epithelium of the alimentary tract as well as in nerve cells and nerve fibers in the connective tissue underlying the epithelium of the alimentary tract of Ciona intestinalis L. The nature of these cells is discussed with reference to endocrine-like cells found in the alimentary tract of other protochordates and to the possible dual role of calcitonin occurring in the gastroenteropancreatic system, on the one hand, and in the nervous system, on the other. PMID- 7357583 TI - Architecture of normal pancreas as revealed by retrograde injection. AB - The architecture of the pancreas was revealed by retrograde injection of the pancreatic ductal system of normal rats with a silicone rubber compound, and subsequent study of the preparation by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The injected material became associated with both ducts and "acinar" areas. Examination of these specimens suggests that the arrangement of the exocrine pancreas is that of a complexly curving and branching system of tubules which anastomose and end blindly. This architecture, which is not that of a true acinar gland, provides a rational basis for the understanding of the simple dedifferentiative changes that accompany pancreatic carcinogenesis, and which have been generally interpreted as representing ductular proliferation. PMID- 7357584 TI - Electron microscopic immunocytochemical investigation on the postnatal development of the vasopressin system in the rat. AB - The present ultrastructural results indicate that, in the rat, the vasopressin synthesizing perikarya of the supraoptic nucleus (NSO) attain a certain degree of maturity earlier than those of the paraventricular nucleus (NPV). In the neonate rat, the stainability of the nuclear areas is very weak; in the perikarya of the NSO a few labeled granules can be found, whereas the perikarya of the NPV often display only a labeled Golgi area, the cytoplasm being devoid of granules. At the end of the first (NSO) and the second (NPV) postnatal weeks, the filling of the neurosecretory granules with vasopressin is inhomogeneous with irregular spots of reaction product distributed on the granules. This feature is less obvious during the following week and has nearly disappeared after the third and fourth postnatal weeks. Already in the neonate two types of vasopressin-positive fibers are observed in the median eminence, characterized by the different diameters of their granules and by their typical location in the internal and the external pericapillary contact zone. Especially in one and two week-old animals, in the internal zone of the median eminence and, to a lesser degree in the neural lobe, the immuncytochemical reaction product is deposited on an axonal tubular network. Judging from the presence of very few vasopressin-negative fibers in the neural lobe of the neonate, the development of the oxytocin system appears to be delayed. A characteristic relationship between pituicytes and the neurosecretory fibers can be observed during the first two postnatal weeks. After the third postnatal week the immunocytochemical features of the vasopressin system correspond approximately to that in adult rats. PMID- 7357586 TI - Analysis of the crystal arrangement in collagen fibrils of mineralizing turkey tibia tendon. AB - Mineralized pieces of tendons from the tibio-tarsus of turkeys were (i) shock frozen, freeze-dried, embedded and cut without staining, or (ii) fixed, embedded and stained after sectioning. Micrographs were taken with an electron microscope on longitudinally cut sections. The center-to-center distances of neighboring apatitic needles within collagen fibrils were measured. For shock-frozen and freeze-dried specimens, the average of these distances is 4.7 nm and the most frequent value 4.2 nm; for the fixed and stained specimens, 3.8 nm and 3.6 nm, respectively. Laser diffraction of the electron micrographs showed a dumbbell like intensity pattern (two diffuse maxima of intensity on the equator, one on each side of the central spot), giving an average distance of about 6 nm. This value represents the upper range of the direct measurements. The measurements demonstrate that the arrangement of the collagen microfibrils is mainly preserved during mineralization. However, using laser diffraction, distances of 9-11 nm were also observed. Such large distances can also be demonstrated by X-ray diffraction on collagen fibrils stained under special conditons. this may indicate that special conditions of apatitic mineralization or staining may alter the arrangement of the microfibrils. PMID- 7357585 TI - An electron microscopic study of the baroreceptors in the internal carotid artery of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - The carotid baroreceptor field of normotensive (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) examined in this study extends for about 0.5 mm along the length and about 1/3 to 1/2 of the circumference of the wall of the internal carotid artery opposite to the carotid body. The vascular wall of the baroreceptor field exhibits neither a marked dilation to form a carotid sinus nor histological differences in the intima and media compared to other parts of the carotid artery. Histologically the adventitia of the baroreceptor field is characterized by (1) an increased thickness and by less well developed elastic lamellae in comparison with other parts of the arterial wall, (2) a profuse blood and nerve supply, and (3) a richness of cellular elements. The presumptive baroreceptor terminals are localized in the inner 1/3 of the adventitia and display local enlargements that appear to show preferential association with the cell body or processes of the Schwann cell but not with other components of the adventitia. the enlargements are characterized by an accumulation of very densely packed mitochondria, and glycogen particles. No morphological alterations were noted in the baroreceptor terminals of SHR except for proliferated basal laminae that invest the terminals. Our work does not support the concept that resetting of the baroreceptors is due to degeneration of the terminals. PMID- 7357587 TI - Ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of aphids. II. Trichoid, chordotonal and campaniform sensilla. AB - An electron microscopical study of aphid antennal sensilla has revealed two types of trichoid sensilla. Type I, innervated by a single neuron is mechanoreceptive; type II, innervated by three to five neurons is both mechanoreceptive and chemoreceptive with possibly a third function. Johnston's organ in the pedicel comprises a peripheral ring of scolopidia inserted into the joint with the flagellum; two non-peripheral groups of scolopidia lie in the lumen with attachment points in the wall of the third segment. The fine structure of a campaniform sensillum on the pedicel is described together with two homologous and previously unknown sense organs at the joint between the fifth and sixth antennal segments. An unusually placed scolopidium in the lumen of the sixth segment has also been found. The function of this scolopidium is unknown but Johnston's organ, the campaniform sensillum and joint receptors are suggested to act as antennal proprioceptors. PMID- 7357588 TI - Changes in glomerular structure after sexual maturation and seawater adaptation in males of the euryhaline teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus L. AB - In sexually mature male sticklebacks, the renal tubular cells are transformed from ion reabsorbing to mucus secreting cells and in these fish concomitant changes take place in the glomeruli. The present study compares glomerular structure of immature males in fresh water (controls) to those of mature males in fresh water and to immature male sticklebacks in seawater. Glomerular structure is markedly altered in the latter two groups and the changes are similar to a large extent. In these two groups the renal capsules and glomeruli are smaller and the lumina of the glomerular capillaries decrease in diameter, while the number and size of the endothelial fenestrations are reduced. Mesangial cells proliferate and the mesangial matrix greatly expands in both the centrolobular region and the subendothelial space around the capillaries. The secretory activity of the podocytes is enhanced and is responsible for the observed increase in thickness of the outer layer of the basal lamina, the lamina rara externa. The area covered by the filtration slit membranes is reduced, probably as a consequence of fusion of the pedicels of the podocytes. The permeability characteristics of the glomerular filtration barrier for macromolecules, as studied with ferritin injections, remain unaltered. However, the observed differences point to a reduction of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) during maturation in male sticklebacks, as well as during adaptation of sticklebacks to seawater. This conclusion is in line with physiological evidence. PMID- 7357589 TI - The morphology of synaptic profiles in explants of foetal and neonatal mouse cerebral cortex maintained in a magnesium-enriched environment. AB - The present study examines the ultrastructure of synaptic profiles developed in explant cultures of immature mouse cerebral cortex, maintained for prolonged periods in a magnesium-rich environment. The ethanolic phosphotungstic acid method was employed in addition to conventional preparation procedures so that paramembranous densities could be clearly observed. Although presynaptic terminals were frequently packed to capacity with vesicles in cultures maintained in magnesium-rich media, there was always a proportion which contained loosely collected vesicles. Few other changes in synaptic morphology were apparent and the paramembranous densities were unaffected. The reasons for the effectiveness of the transmission block, the absence of any change in the morphology of paramembranous densities, and the excessive crowding of presynaptic vesicles are considered and discussed. PMID- 7357590 TI - Fine structure of the compound eyes and interfacetal mechanoreceptors of Cicindela tranquebarica Herbst (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). AB - The structure of the compound eyes of adult Cicindela tranquebarica Herbst was examined by use of light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Each ommatidium of these photopic eyes is eucone and has a "subcorneal layer" situated between the corneal lens and crystalline cone. A distal rhabdomere consisting only of microvilli from retinula cell seven, a more proximal, rectangular, fused rhabdom formed from six retinula cells, and a basal, eighth retinula cell with a spherical rhabdomere comprise the light sensitive portions of the ommatidium. The "subcorneal layer" consists of lamellae of endocuticular microfibrils and, in surface view, shows 11 concave polygons. Proximal extensions of the crystalline thread form inter-retinular fibres containing microtubules between retinula cells 1/2, 3/4, 5/6, and 7/1. The primary pigment cells are devoid of pigment granules, but are rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum. Proximal to each retinula cell nucleus are two basal bodies, one perpendicular to the other. The more proximal basal body extends two fibrillar feet proximally which fuse to form a horizontally-banded ciliary rootlet extending the length of the retinula peripheral to the rhabdom. Each ommatidium is surrounded by 16 secondary pigment cells. Interfacetal mechanoreceptors between some adjacent lenses each have a single bipolar neuron, with a dendritic sheath, tubular body, cilium, outer and inner sheath cells, and an axon surrounded by a neurilemma sheath cell. PMID- 7357591 TI - Ultrastructural observations on changes in cell shape in chromatophores of the sea urchin Centrostephanus longispinus. AB - Alterations in cell shape of the light-sensitive chromatophores of the sea urchin Centrostephanus longispinus were studied by scanning- and transmission electron microscopy. Transition of the aggregated to the dispersed state is accompanied by incorporation of vesicles into the membrane of the pigment cell. During disperson a system of microtubules originating from centriole-like structures is established throughout the stellate cell. Within restricted areas of the cell, cytoplasmic differentiation and condensation is found. The possible functional significance of the findings is briefly discussed. PMID- 7357592 TI - Nuclear uptake and retention of androgen by the pituitary gland of the hamster and the rat. AB - Castrated adult male hamsters and castrated adult female rats were injected with either 0.2 microgram (hamsters) or 0.5 microgram (rats) of 3H-dihydrotestosterone (107 Ci/mmole)/100 grams body weight and killed 1 1/2 h later. The pituitary glands were removed and processed for both autoradiography and immunocytochemistry (hamster) or only autoradiography (rats). Localization of the androgen was found in 10-15% of the cells of the pars distalis in both species. Only cells that stained for luteinizing hormone (LH) in the hamster's pars distalis concentrated the androgen. Also cells in both the pars intermedia and pars nervosa (1-5%) concentrated the androgen in both species. Although the number of cells that concentrated the androgen in the pars intermedia and pars nervosa was small, this finding may be related to recent physiologic data that suggest that the gonadal steroids may play a role in regulating water retention and natriuresis. PMID- 7357593 TI - Changes induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in the paraventricular nucleus. A correlated fluorescence microscopic/electron microscopic evaluation. AB - Remodelling of catecholaminergic (CA) fibers after cerebral intraventricular 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) administration was evaluated quantitatively in the paraventricular nucleus ( PAR) of young adult rats, using fluorescence microscopy (FM) and electron microscopy (EM). Fluorescent CA varicosities and CA boutons (marked with 5-OH-DA) were counted after survival periods of 4, 21, 56 or 180 days. Four days after 6-OH-DA treatment, the number of fluorescent varicosities dropped to 45% of control numbers but was restored to 79% of control values by 180 days. In the EM study, marked boutons had dropped more dramatically: to 12% of control numbers, after 4 days and 54% by 180 days post-neurotoxin. These data provide strong evidence that substantial but incomplete restoration of CA terminals occurred in PAR. It is of interest that, in all survival intervals, percentage reductions in numbers of CA terminals were more extreme when EM was used for quantification. Nevertheless, the trends indicating partial restoration of terminal numbers with time were parallel in the FM and EM studies. Structures identified as CA growth cones in PAR contained a feltwork of fine filaments together with mitochondria, granular vesicles (often with electron-dense cores marked by the 5-OH-DA label), vacuoles and smooth-surfaced reticulum. The presence of growth cones, some of which persisted 11 months after neurotoxin administration, further supports the inference that a regenerative response of CA elements was evoked in PAR by the 6-OH-DA treatment. PMID- 7357596 TI - Inhibition of intracellular protein transport in the mouse exocrine pancreas induced by vinblastine. AB - The effect of vinblastine on the intracellular transport of newly synthesized protein in the mouse exocrine pancreas in vivo was studied by electron microscopic autoradiography after administration of 3H-leucine. Vinblastine (1.1 mumole/mouse; i.v. injection) was in general given 1 h before radioleucine and 2 4 h before fixation of the pancreas by perfusion with glutaraldehyde. Vinblastine causes the disappearance of microtubules, mainly present in controls in the apical portion of the acinar cell. After injection of vinblastine, zymogen granules from clusters located throughout the cell but often associated with Golgi areas. The latter are enlarged mainly due to the accumulation of small vesicles. In addition, Golgi areas are displaced, most often in an apical direction. Electron microscopic autoradiography demonstrated that vinblastine delays the appearance of labeled protein in zymogen granules; even 2 h after injection of radioleucine the majority of silver grains is located over the rough endoplasmic reticulum while very few grains are related to zymogen granules. This finding might be related to the structural changes of the Golgi areas observed. Although intracellular migration of protein is retarded, zymogen granules are formed. However, many of the labeled granules are found in peculiar locations, often distant from the acinar lumen. The present study suggests that vinblastine, possibly due to its effect on microtubules, influences both the formation and the translocation of zymogen granules. PMID- 7357595 TI - Gap junctions on myoepithelial cells. AB - In the submandibular gland of the male mouse, myoepithelial cells are found not only located to the endpieces and intercalated ducts, but also around the striated (or granulated) ducts. Irrespective of their location in the gland, the myoepithelial cells and their processes were found to be connected by gap junctions. It is suggested that these gap junctions play a key role in the synchronization of the contractile function of the myoepithelial cells. PMID- 7357594 TI - Phagocytosis of spermatozoa by the ovum of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus at the time of fertilization. AB - Spermatozoa with intact acrosomes, as well as those coming into contact with the ovum at a smaller angle, and morphologically abnormal spermatozoa reach the plasma membrane of the ovum via an extensively dissolved zone of the inner layer of the vitelline membrane. This zone is assumed to be formed by overlapping of two or more tunnels formed by spermatozoa that had previously come into contact with the ovum. When a spermtozoon comes into contact with the plasma membrane of the ovum, many cytoplasmic processes extend outwards and cover it. Thereafter, the plasma membranes of the processes fuse, thereby phagocytizing the spermatozoon. It is assumed that the he phagocytized spermatozoa cannot undergo transformation into male pronuclei and that they degenerate soon after phagocytosis. PMID- 7357597 TI - The ultrastructural basis of steroid production in the Y-organ and the mandibular organ of the crabs Hemigrapsus nudus (Dana) and Carcinus maenas L. AB - The ultrastructure of the steroid producing Y-organ and the mandibular organ of the crustaceans Hemigrapsus nudus and Carcinus maenas has been studied with reference to the well investigated steroid secreting cells (SSC) of mammals. In accordance with the most important characteristic of mammalian SSC, abundant SER could be shown in the Y-organ, where it is unevenly distributed. The amount of SER seems to vary in correlation with the secretion of moulting hormone during the moult cycle. Most Y-organ cells contain a great number of mitochondria of the tubular type, another important characteristic of mammalian SSC. The ultrastructure of the mandibular organ of C. maenas differs considerably from that of the Y-organ. Some SER was found, mitochondria of unusual shape and size were conspicuous. No definite conclusion as to the function of the mandibular organ is yet to be drawn. PMID- 7357598 TI - The lateral eyes of the scorpion, Androctonus australis. AB - The dioptric apparatus of the lateral eyes of the scorpion, Androctonus australis, consists of a cuticular lens, but lacks a vitreous body. The retina is formed by (1) retinula cells displaying a contiguous network of rhabdoms; (2) arhabdomeric cells bearing a distal dendrite that contacts retinula cells via numerous projections and ends before the rhabdomere of the retinula cells; (3) pigment cells that ensheath retinula and arhabdomeric cells with the exception of the contact regions; and (4) neurosecretory fibres possibly originating in the supraesophageal ganglion. The ratio of the number of retinula to arhabdomeric cells is determined to be close to 2:1 in the three larger anterolateral eyes, in contrast to the median eyes where the ratio is 5:1. The construction of the dioptric apparatus as well as the anatomy of the retina imply that in the lateral eyes of Androctonus australis visual acuity is reduced. A certain degree of spatial discrimination, however, may be retained by the presence of a relatively high number of arhabdomeric cells. It is suggested that the lateral eyes of A. australis mainly function as light detectors, e.g., for Zeitgeber stimuli. PMID- 7357599 TI - A control region in the center of the 5S RNA gene directs specific initiation of transcription: I. The 5' border of the region. AB - The 5S ribosomal RNA gene of Xenopus contains a region within the gene that directs the initiation of 5S RNA synthesis. This result was obtained by enzymatically deleting a fragment of X. borealis somatic 5S DNA from the 5' side of the gene and cloning the resultant mutants. These deletion mutants were tested for their ability to support 5S RNA transcription in an oocyte nuclear extract. Mutants lacking the entire 5' flanking region synthesized 5S RNA or slightly smaller RNAs that were initiated a few nucleotides into the gene. Mutants deleted as far as 50 nucleotides into the gene synthesized discrete RNAs of 116--121 nucleotides. These RNAs were fused transcripts that were initiated in the plasmid vector, transcribed through the remainder of the 5S RNA gene and terminated at the end of the gene. Mutants deleted 55 or more nucleotides into the gene synthesized little or no 5S size RNA. When additional nucleotides were inserted between nucleotides +40 and +41 of the gene, discrete transcripts of approximately 120 nucleotides were synthesized that had initiated within the gene. We conclude that a control region within the gene directs RNA polymerase III to initiate transcription approximately 50 nucleotides upstream from the 5' border of this region. The 3' border of the control region resides between gene residues +80 and +83 as determined in work described in the accompanying paper (Bogenhagen, Sakonju and Brown, 1980). When this control region is present, the exact site of initiation is determined by the sequence around the start site. PMID- 7357600 TI - Retroviruses and embryogenesis: microinjection of Moloney leukemia virus into midgestation mouse embryos. PMID- 7357601 TI - Platelet adhesion to fluid and solid phospholipid membranes. AB - We have studied platelet adhesion to phospholipid model membranes in vitro. Our results showed that films made of egg lecithin, dioleoyllecithin or phosphatidylethanolamine from two different sources (egg yolk and E. coli) are unadhesive for platelets. Platelets adhered to films made of distearoyllecithin, dipalmitoyllecithin and N--stearoylsphingomyelin. According to electron spin resonance measurements, the former lipids were present during incubation with platelet-rich plasma above the phase transition temperature, whereas the latter were present below this temperature. Cross-linking of phosphatidylethanolamine films with glutaraldehyde or egg lecithin, as well as dioleoyllecithin with OsO4, abolishes the phase transition of the lipids in these films, transforming them to the solid state. After such treatment the films become adhesive for platelets. Thus fluid liquid crystalline phospholipid membranes are unadhesive for platelets; solid crystalline (gel) films are adhesive for these cells. We suggest that the fluidity of the plasma membrane has an essential role in making the endothelium unadhesive for platelets in vivo. PMID- 7357602 TI - Fv-2 locus controls the proportion of erythropoietic progenitor cells (BFU-E) synthesizing DNA in normal mice. AB - We have found that Fv-2 on chromosome 9 of the mouse, the locus originally identified as a major determinant of host susceptibility (Fv-2s) or resistance (Fv-2r) to Friend leukemia virus in mice, also functions in uninfected animals, where it determines whether a high (Fv-2s) or low (Fv-2r) proportion of erythropoietic progenitor cells BFU-E are normally engaged in DNA synthesis. Adult mice belonging to five inbred strains of genotype Fv-2rr, two inbred strains and three congenic strains of genotype Fv-2ss, two kinds of F1 hybrid of genotype Fv-2rs, and appropriate controls were given high specific activity 3H- thymidine intravenously for 1 hr and their bone marrow and spleen cells were assayed for surviving BFU-E at 7 days and CFU-E at 2 days in plasma culture. A high proportion of BFU-E in all Fv-2ss and Fv-2rs mice were killed, but all or nearly all of the BFU-E in Fv-2rr mice survived exposure to 3H--thymidine. The allelic difference of Fv-2 had no significant effect on the proportion of other progenitor or stem cells (CFU-E, CFU-C or CFU-S) normally undergoing DNA synthesis in the hemopoietic tissues, or on the hemoglobin concentration, red blood cells, hematocrit, total of differential white blood cell counts in the peripheral blood of these animals. While a few or no BFU-E were killed by 3H- thymidine in adult B6 (Fv-2rr) mice, a high proportion of BFU-E were killed by 3H -thymidine in these animals when they were less than 7 weeks old. Bleeding of adult B6 mice or lethal irradiation followed by repopulation by syngeneic bone marrow cells rendered a high proportion of their BFU-E vulnerable to 3H- thymidine. BFU-E of adult B6 mice which in vivo were unaffected by 3H--thymidine were rapidly killed when exposed to 3H--thymidine in vitro. Fv-2 thus seems to act at or near the G1-S or G0-S boundary to influence the rate or probability of transition between the nonDNA-synthesizing and the DNA-synthesizing states of BFU E. The gene that controls susceptibility or resistance to a murine erythroleukemia virus appears also to be a regulatory gene that controls the proliferative behaviour of normal cells at a specific stage of erythropoietic differentiation. PMID- 7357603 TI - Routes of intracellular transport of acetylcholine receptor and esterase are distinct. PMID- 7357604 TI - A control region in the center of the 5S RNA gene directs specific initiation of transcription: II. The 3' border of the region. PMID- 7357605 TI - The nuclear envelope lamina is reversibly depolymerized during mitosis. AB - The nuclear envelope lamina is a supramolecular protein assembly associated with the nucleoplasmic surface of the inner nuclear membrane, which contains three predominant polypeptide components in mammalian cells (lamins A, B and C). We previously demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy that the lamina is reversibly disassembled during cell division, coincident with the disassembly and reconstruction of the mitotic nuclear envelope architecture. In this paper, these immunocytochemical observations are extended with cell fractionation and immunoprecipitation studies performed on synchronized populations of tissue culture cells. With these techniques, we have established that during mitosis, lamina A and C occur in a soluble and nonmembrane-associated state. In contrast, the mitotic lamin B may be associated with membrane fragments derived from the disassembled interphase nuclear envelope. From sedimentation analysis on sucrose gradients, we have determined that all three lamins are monomeric at periods of mitotic lamina disassembly. These results, together with quantitative immunoprecipitation studies, demonstrate that the lamina is reversibly depolymerized during cell division. Attendant with the depolymerized state of the lamina, the mitotic lamins (which are phosphoproteins) have a distinctly more acidic isoelectric point and a substantially higher level of phosphorylation compared to their interphase counterparts. This indicates that reversible enzymatic phosphorylations of the lamins may be involved in modulating the state of polymerization of the lamina and its reversible mitotic disassembly. PMID- 7357606 TI - Identification, organization and processing intermediates of the putative precursors of Xenopus vitellogenin messenger RNA. AB - To understand the mechanism of estrogen-induced activation of the vitellogenin genes in the liver of Xenopus, it is essential to characterize the transcriptional products of these genes. In this paper we describe large nuclear RNAs containing vitellogenin mRNA sequences as revealed by hybridization of cloned vitellogenin cDNAs to nuclear RNA separated on agarose gels. Putative vitellogenin mRNA precursors, which are recovered as poly(A)-containing RNA, have been identified for the four known vitellogenin mRNAs. From electron microscopic analysis of R loops, prepared between enriched mRNA precursors and cDNA specific for the A1 vitellogenin mRNA, we conclude that the precursor molecules contain sequences complementary to vitellogenin mRNA which are interrupted by additional RNA segments probably representing transcribed introns. Within the 3.7 kb of the 3' end of the A1 vitellogenin mRNA we have discovered seven large and at least five small transcribed introns. Some of the R loops have been found to contain only a few transcribed introns, and we assume that they represent processing intermediates. Comparison of these putative intermediates suggests that the splicing order of different introns does not follow a single pathway. PMID- 7357607 TI - Definition of the 5' and 3' ends of transcripts of the ovalbumin gene. AB - We present data which map the 5' and 3' ends of transcripts of the natural ovalbumin gene. First, hybridization of radiolabeled 5' and 3' fragments of the gene to oviduct nuclear RNA which had been electrophoresed in agarose gels and transferred to DBM paper localized the 5' and 3' ends of precursor molecules and demonstrated that the largest ovalbumin RNA molecules detectable by this method (approximately 7.8 kb) were similar in size to the ovalbumin natural gene. Second, hybridization of end-labeled probes to oviduct nuclear RNA followed by digestion with S1 nuclease and analysis on polyacrylamide gels mapped more precisely the 5' and 3' ends of the precursor molecules, and these termini were coincident with the beginning and end of the structural sequence of the natural gene. These results suggest that the 7.8 kb precursor is likely to be the primary transcript of the ovalbumin gene. PMID- 7357608 TI - The addition of 5' cap structures occurs early in hnRNA synthesis and prematurely terminated molecules are capped. AB - After cells were labeled by brief exposure to 3H-methyl-L-methionine, the majority of labeled 5' terminal cap I (m7GpppN1mpN2p) oligonucleotide structures were in nuclear RNA (hnRNA) molecules approximately 750 nucleotides or less in length. After longer label times, the proportion of cap I structures in nuclear molecules longer than mRNA rose to approximately 60% of the total, but approximately 40% of the cap I structures were still in molecules shorter than approximately 750 nucleotides. The cap I structures in both long and short hnRNA chains contained all four 2' methylated nucleotides in the N1 position in about the same proportion as in mRNA. None of the large hnRNA molecules could be demonstrated to contain 5' pppX p termini; the only such terminus in high molecular weight RNA was pppAp which was decreased markedly by low doses of actinomycin and is presumably the terminus of pre-rRNA. These results raise the possibilities that hnRNA chains can initiate with any of the four nucleotides, that capping occurs very close to or at the start of hnRNA chain synthesis and that approximately 40% of the hnRNA chains may be prematurely terminated. PMID- 7357609 TI - Influence of mRNA secondary structure on binding and migration of 40S ribosomal subunits. AB - Reovirus messenger RNA was modified by reaction with bisulfite (in denaturing conditions) or by incorporation of IMP in place of GMP, thereby irreversibly unfolding the mRNA. Messenger RNA in which the secondary structure was weakened or abolished retained the ability to bind to wheat germ ribosomes, suggesting that conformational features around the AUG codon are not required for ribosome recognition of mRNA. Ribosomes were not able to attach (directly) to spurious internal sites, even in extensively unfolded RNA, indicating that the monocistronic character of eucaryotic messages (in which initiation is limited to a single 5' proximal site) is not simply due to conformational masking of all the internal AUG codons. The secondary structure in eucaryotic messages does contribute to the fidelity of the translation process, however, because when 40S ribosomal subunits were incubated with denatured mRNA they failed to stop at the 5' proximal AUG codon. Extensive migration beyond the 5' region occurred when 40S ribosomes (in the absence of 60S subunits) attached to unfolded mRNA, implying that the secondary structure in native mRNA facilitates correct translation by impeding migration of 40S subunits beyond the 5' proximal initiation region. Secondary structure in mRNA may also modulate the efficiency of translation. Studies with BrUMP-substituted mRNA, in which the secondary structure is enhanced, suggested that the efficiency of mRNA binding to ribosomes decreases as the stability of the secondary structure increases. PMID- 7357610 TI - Secondary structure of mouse and rabbit alpha- and beta-globin mRNAs: differential accessibility of alpha and beta initiator AUG codons towards nucleases. AB - The nucleotide sequence from the 5' terminus inward of one third of mouse alpha- and beta maj-globin messenger RNAs has been established. In addition, using 5' 32P end-labeled mRNAs as substrates and S1 and T1 nucleases as probes for single stranded regions, the secondary structures of mouse and rabbit alpha- and beta globin mRNAs have been analyzed. Our results indicate that the AUG initiator codon in both mouse and rabbit beta-globin mRNA is quite susceptible to cleavage with S1 and T1 nucleases, suggesting that it resides in a single-stranded exposed region. In contrast, the initiator AUG in the alpha-globin mRNA of both species is inaccessible to cleavage, indicating that it is either buried by tertiary structure or is base-paired. Since the rate of initiation of protein synthesis with beta-globin mRNA in rabbit reticulocyte is 30--40% faster than for alpha globin mRNA, these results imply a possible correlation between the differential rates of initiation with these two mRNAs and the accessibility of the respective AUG initiator codons. PMID- 7357611 TI - In vitro splicing of the ribosomal RNA precursor in nuclei of Tetrahymena. AB - The macronuclear rRNA genes of Tetrahymena thermophila contain a 0.4 kb intervening sequence. In this paper we present evidence that the excision of the intervening sequence from pre-rRNA occurs in vitro in isolated T. thermophila nuclei. The transcription-processing system includes alpha-amanitin to inhibit non-rRNA synthesis and aurintricarboxylic acid to inhibit endogenous nucleases. A discrete 0.4 kb RNA comprises up to 6% of the RNA synthesized in this system. Southern hybridization with restriction fragments of the rDNA (rRNA genes) shows that the 0.4 kb RNA contains the intervening sequence. The size of the 0.4 kb RNA, 410-425 nucleotides, is the size predicted if the entire intervening sequence were excised as a single linear molecule. The 0.4 kb RNA accumulates post-transcriptionally and appears to be stable in vitro. T. pigmentosa strain 6UM, whose rDNA has an intervening sequence of the same size and location as that of T. thermophila, also produces a 0.4 kb RNA in vitro; T. pigmentosa strain 8ALP, with not rDNA intervening sequence, produces no such RNA. The measurement of the accumulation of the excised intervening sequence is a convenient assay for the pre-rRNA splicing activity and a means for characterizing some of the details of the reaction. The resistance of the splicing acticity to concentrations of aurintricarboxylic acid that inhibit other endogenous nucleases should be useful in assaying the splicing enzyme during purification. PMID- 7357612 TI - Nucleotide sequence of genes coding for tRNAPhe and tRNATyr from a repeating unit of X. laevis DNA. AB - A cloned 3.18 kb repeating unit of Xenopus laevis DNA, known to contain two tRNA1Met genes, has been partially sequenced. The sequenced region could potentially code for two more tRNA species. One is a phenylalanine tRNA with the same primary sequence as that found in a variety of mammals. The other is a tyrosine tRNA with a 13 bp intervening sequence located immediately adjacent or very close to the 3' nucleotide of the anticodon. The two putative genes have opposite polarity and the sequences encoding the 5' nucleotides of the mature tRNAs are separated by only 72 bp of DNA. Homologous GC-rich sequences of dyad symmetry precede each gene. Neither gene codes for the 3' terminal CCA expected in the nature tRNAs. A short T cluster is present in the noncoding strand 3 bp away from the 3' end of the tRNATyr gene. A similar short T cluster is located 26 bp downstream of the tRNAPhe sequence. The nucleotides in between are very GC rich and are capable of forming a stable RNA hairpin. The possible significance of these features for tRNA gene evolution, RNA splicing and transcription is discussed. PMID- 7357613 TI - Vesicle fusion, pseudopod extension and amoeboid motility are induced in nematode spermatids by the ionophore monensin. AB - The sodium- and potassium-transporting ionophore monensin induces the maturation of Caenorhabditis elegans spermatids to spermatozoa in vitro. Rearrangement of cytoplasm, fusion of membranous organelles with the plasma membrane and growth of pseudopodia, all characteristic of in vivo spermiogenesis, occur within five minutes after exposure to monensin at concentrations of 0.1-1.0 micronM. This activation is dependent upon external Na+ and K+ ions but not Ca2+ ions. Monensin activated spermatozoa have normal morphology and normal amoeboid motility. During activation spermatids twitch and rotate prior to pseudopod extension. Analysis of intermediates by transmission and scanning electron microscopy reveals that the sequence of morphogenetic events leading from the spherical spermatid to the polarized spermatozoan involves microvilli rearrangement and membranous organelle fusion, cytoplasmic polarization, then pseudopod extension. PMID- 7357614 TI - Specificity of tissue interaction and origin of mesenchymal cells in the androgen response of the embryonic mammary gland. AB - In the androgen-induced destruction of the mammary rudiments of 14 day male mouse fetuses, the hormone acts directly only on the mesenchyme, which then condenses around the epithelial gland buds and--in some unknown way--causes their necrosis. In this paper we report that an organ-specific but not species-specific influence of mammary epithelium on the surrounding mesenchyme is required to allow its response to the hormone. This epithelial "signal" has a very short range; its transmission may depend on contact between the two tissues. The requirement for epithelial contact, however, may only exist for those mesenchymal cells that initiate the reaction at the tissue interface, whereas the hormone must act on all the cells that eventually form the mesenchymal condensation. Mesenchyme of the mammary region only is competent to produce this testosterone response. All the mesenchymal cells required for the reaction are already present at the epithelial surface at least 2 days before the hormone response occurs, and our experiments exclude the participation of any cells that could have arrived at the mammary bud through migration from more distant sites. PMID- 7357615 TI - Degradation of the acetylcholine receptor in cultured muscle cells: selective inhibitors and the fate of undegraded receptors. PMID- 7357616 TI - Mammalian cell cycles need two random transitions. AB - Although a single transition in the cell cycle is both sufficient and necessary to account for the distribution of differences in the intermitotic times of sister cells, two random transitions seem necessary to account for the responses of quiescent cells to stimulation by growth factors. We propose that serum depleted quiescent cells "rest" in an indeterminate state (Q) which they leave at random upon stimulation and initiate a lengthy process (L). Upon completion of L the cells enter another indeterminate state (A) which they also leave at random and shortly thereafter initiate S phase and subsequently divide. On leaving A they also re-enter Q, and, again at random, initiate L. This sequence, Q leads to L leads to A, is maintained in steady state proliferation, and because of the random exit from Q and A, overlaps to varying degrees with the conventional cell cycle (M-G1-S-G2-M). The hypothesis provides a qualitative account of various problematic features of the lag between stimulation and entry into S phase. It also provides a good quantitative account of the distribution of sibling differences, the correlation coefficient of sibling intermitotic times and the distribution of intermitotic times and the distribution of intermitotic times in steady state growing cultures. There are striking similarities between the hypothetical cycle and the centriole cycle. PMID- 7357617 TI - Isolation of mitotic apparatus containing vesicles with calcium sequestration activity. AB - We present the first report of isolate mitotic apparatus with vesicular calcium sequestration. Phase-contrast, differential interference contrast and polarized light microscopy as well as transmission and scanning electron microscopic examinations revealed structures comparable to mitotic apparatus in vivo. Numerous membrane-bound vesicles which retained their osmotic activity were present throughout. Microtubules, yolk, ribosomes and condensed chromatin were also present. The protein composition of mitotic apparatus was not dramatically altered by treatment with 0.5% Triton X-100, even though vesicles were destroyed and yolk was extracted. Calcium sequestration was demonstrated with ATP-dependent accumulation of 45Ca by mitotic apparatus whose vesicles were left intact. Compared with controls for which no nucleotide was added, accumulation by mitotic apparatus with intact vesicles was enhanced to 184% when it was present. When ATP was supplemented with the divalent ionophore A23187, the calcium retention level was comparable to that of the control to which no nucleotide was added. Finally, the calcium accumulation by mitotic apparatus treated with either of the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogs AMPPCP or AMPPNP resulted in calcium retention levels similar to those of controls. The solubilization of vesicles with Triton X-100 abolished calcium accumulation in the presence or absence of any of the above additives. Resolution of vesicles on sucrose step gradients after 45Ca-oxalate loading with ATP or AMPPCP indicates that a specific vesicular fraction sequesters 45Ca. PMID- 7357618 TI - Fibroblast adhesion to fibrinogen and fibrin substrata: requirement for cold insoluble globulin (plasma fibronectin). AB - We carried out experiments to determine conditions for fibroblast adhesion to fibrinogen and fibrin substrata. Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells did not attach to substrata composed of purified fibrinogen or fibrin. When cold-insoluble globulin (CIG) (plasma fibronectin) was bound to fibrinogen or fibrin substrata, adhesion of BHK sells was observed and the extent of adhesion was dependent upon the CIG conecntration. Binding of CIG to fibrinogen or fibrin substrata in the presence of Factor XIII (factor) under covalent crosslinking conditions resulted in a marked increased in the ability of the substrata to support cell adhesion. Control experiments indicated that CIG formed the sites on the fibrinogen and fibrin substrata to which the cells were attaching. In addition, the effect of factor XIII was shown to require covalent crossliking of CIG to the fibrinogen or fibrin, which involved a glutamine residue on the CIG molecule and could be prevented by prior crosslinking of CIG with putrescine or with itself. The enhanced ability of Factor XIII-crosslinked CIG substrata to support cell adhesion could not be accounted for by the absolute amount of CIG bound to the substrata. We present in this paper the possibility that the orientation of CIG on the substrata is the critical factor. PMID- 7357619 TI - A fixed site of DNA replication in eucaryotic cells. PMID- 7357620 TI - Characterization of maternal small lymphocyte subsets during allogeneic pregnancy in the mouse. PMID- 7357621 TI - [Prenatal fetal sex-determination and amniotic concentration of FSH (author's transl)]. PMID- 7357622 TI - [Prenatal fetal sex-determination and amniotic fluid testosterone concentration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7357623 TI - [The authors' first experience with foetoscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7357624 TI - [A contribution to the problem concerning the bleeding in puerperium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7357625 TI - [Spontaneous turning of the fetus during labor]. PMID- 7357626 TI - [A rare localization of a cyst of the canalis Nuckii]. PMID- 7357627 TI - [Transport mechanisms of the human oviduct and possibilities of its control]. PMID- 7357628 TI - [Estriol in gynecology]. PMID- 7357629 TI - [Unusual levels of gonadotropins and estrogens in amenorrhea]. PMID- 7357632 TI - [A discussion of the article by Dr. K. Balaka and associates: "What should be done with ascertained precanceroses?"]. PMID- 7357631 TI - [In response to the article by Dr. Vaclav Trnka: "How to further effect a lower perinatal mortality" (Cs. Gynek., 44, 1979, 4, p. 313-315]. PMID- 7357630 TI - [Local application of testosterone and progesterone in the treatment of vulvar dystrophy]. PMID- 7357634 TI - [Our views on the question "What to do with precancerous conditions?" in the article by Dr. K. Balaka]. PMID- 7357633 TI - [A contribution to the article by Dr. K. Balaka and associates: "what should be done with ascertained precanceroses?"]. PMID- 7357635 TI - [Internal cooperation in gynecology, particularly in the Danube region]. PMID- 7357636 TI - [Comments on transversal cuts in laparotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7357637 TI - [Detailed study of hypophyseal secretion of gonadotropins in conditions of failing ovarian function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7357638 TI - [Failure of intrauterine device (IUD) envisaged from the aspect of workability (author's transl)]. PMID- 7357639 TI - [Immunoglobulins found in women suffering with ovarian cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7357640 TI - [Culture of GM-CFC mouse bone marrow in semisolid agar]. PMID- 7357641 TI - [Morphologic findings on the problem of glaucomatous changes of the optic nerve papilla. III. Anatomic, physiologic, clinical, and experimental data used in the study]. PMID- 7357643 TI - [Morphologic and functional changes in dialyzed patients]. PMID- 7357642 TI - [Changes in work capacity in glaucoma patients]. PMID- 7357644 TI - [Computerized axial tomography in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7357645 TI - [The completely automatized refractometer]. PMID- 7357646 TI - [Isoglaucon in the treatment of glaucoma]. PMID- 7357647 TI - [Unilateral amaurosis after traumatic retrobulbar hemorrhage]. PMID- 7357649 TI - [Methods used in the evaluation of pressure and circulatory parameters of intraocular fluid]. PMID- 7357648 TI - [The relationship between lactate dehydrogenase activity and total protein content in subretinal fluid and the duration of retinal detachment]. PMID- 7357650 TI - [Corneal reflection. Prism measurement of strabismal deviation]. PMID- 7357651 TI - [Gramoxon ocular burns]. PMID- 7357652 TI - [Basic units in geometric optics from the viewpoint of postgraduate study]. PMID- 7357653 TI - [Modern tasks of neurology in the health care program]. PMID- 7357654 TI - [Electroencephalography findings in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 7357655 TI - [Spinal amyotonia-amyotrophy (Werdnig-Hoffman disease) on the basis of observation of 40 cases]. PMID- 7357656 TI - [Nonspecific spondylitis as a complication of lumbar puncture]. PMID- 7357657 TI - [Quantitative analysis of fatty acids in cerebrospinal fluid using gas chromatography. III. Profile of normal and pathologic cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 7357658 TI - [Psychological analysis of personality in patients with migraine]. PMID- 7357659 TI - [Acute transverse myelopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7357660 TI - [Gangliocytomas of the brain]. PMID- 7357661 TI - [The tranquilizer Demetrin (prazepam)]. PMID- 7357662 TI - [Differential diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. PMID- 7357663 TI - [Scintigraphic diagnosis of gliomas of the brain]. PMID- 7357665 TI - [Recurrence and reoperation in lumbar intervertebral disk hernia]. PMID- 7357666 TI - [Practical application of inter-age correlations for the control of height and weight increases]. PMID- 7357664 TI - [The effect of hormonal contraceptives on the EEG]. PMID- 7357667 TI - [The importance of radiographic examination in the diagnosis of neonatal pneumopathies. VI. Conclusion]. PMID- 7357668 TI - [Isotope nephrography in children. Correlation with morphologic and functional findings]. PMID- 7357669 TI - [Intensive care units for older children]. PMID- 7357670 TI - [Importance of the determination of immunocomplexes in glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7357671 TI - [Periventricular hemorrhage in low birth weight children]. PMID- 7357672 TI - [Risk factors in infants during the postnatal period]. PMID- 7357673 TI - [The newborn and its environment]. PMID- 7357674 TI - [Report on the status of health care of gypsy children in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7357675 TI - [Economical preservation of human milk - a contribution to the nutrition of premature infants]. PMID- 7357676 TI - Effects of caffeine and saccharin on DNA in the bladder epithelium of rats treated with N-butyl-N-(3-carboxy-propyl)-nitrosamine. AB - The damage to DNA caused by N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)-nitrosamine (BCPN), saccharin and caffeine in the urinary bladder epithelium of female rats and its subsequent repair was investigated using alkaline sucrose density gradient analysis with a fluorimetric procedure for DNA determination and light and electron microscopy. Exposure of the bladder epithelium to 50 mg/kg body wt. of BCPN solution for 5 min resulted in serious damage of DNA within 2 h. Subsequent repair of most of the DNA damage, as indicated by reconversion of low molecular weight DNA fragments to larger ones, began after 6 h, and appeared to be complete after 48 h. Caffeine and saccharin induced no remarkable changes in the sedimentation profiles of DNA of the epithelial cells, with or without pretreatment of the cells with BCPN (administered to rats as 0.05% BCPN in the drinking water for 4 weeks). These results were confirmed by light and electron microscopy. PMID- 7357677 TI - Comparative induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis by physical and chemical agents in non-proliferating primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. AB - The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA due to unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced by N-OH-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-OH-AAF), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and ultra-violet light was quantitated by autoradiography and by scintillation spectrometry on acid precipitable macromolecules or DNA insolated by isopycnic banding in cesium chloride (CsCl). Dose-dependent increases in UDS due to N-OH-AAF and AFB1 treatment were found. Only 2-fold increases at the highest dose levels were found, however, when incorporated [3H]thymidine was quantitated by scintillation spectrometry. Seven, 11, and 25-fold increases in UDS induced by AFB1, N-OH-AAF and ultra-violet light, respectively, were found when incorporated [3H]thymidine was quantitated by autoradiography, indicating a high sensitivity for detecting 'long patch' repair by this technique. Scintillation spectrometry was completely ineffective in detecting EMS-induced UDS, whereas autoradiography demonstrated a small, but significant induction in [3H]thymidine incorporation at high dose levels. The non proliferative nature of the primary hepatocyte prohibits the uniform radioactive prelabeling of DNA, necessary in other techniques, for the detection of 'short patch' repair induced by compounds such as EMS. Therefore, the sensitivity of the primary cultured rat hepatocyte in conjunction with UDS for detecting DNA damage caused by mutagens and carcinogens which induce 'short patch' repair may be limited to the autoradiographic analysis of the unscheduled incorporation of [3H]thymidine. PMID- 7357678 TI - Cultured human fibroblasts as a model for evaluation of potential in vivo toxicity of membrane damaging antibiotics. AB - The toxic side effects of certain antimicrobial agents are probably related to their membrane damaging properties. Thus it should be possible to use measurement of membrane damage in vitro for evaluation of the potential toxicity in vivo of such antibiotics. We estimated the membrane damage induced in cultured human fibroblasts by anti-microbial agents, such as polyene antibiotics, sodium fusidate and polymyxin B as well as derivatives of some of these. Degree and character of membrane damage was determined on basis of leakage of three defined cytoplasmic markers from prelabelled cells after treatment with test substance. By comparing the minimal inhibitory concentrations against the target microbial cells (MIC) with the amounts needed to cause membrane damage of human cells (ED50) a 'therapeutic dose range' was obtained (ED50/MIC). The therapeutic dose range and the character of induced membrane damage were compared with the relative toxicities in vivo of each test substance. Highly toxic agents caused large functional 'holes' and/or showed a narrow therapeutic dose range, whereas less toxic substances induced smaller functional holes and/or had a larger therapeutic dose range. These parameters, evaluated in the presented model system, should be useful for an indication of potential toxicity in vivo. PMID- 7357679 TI - Distribution and repair of O6-methylguanine in different fractions of rat liver DNA after dimethylnitrosamine administration. AB - The removal of the promutagenic DNA alkylation product O6-methylguanine from different fractions of rat liver DNA has been examined using the technique of DNA DNA reassociation. Male Wistar rats were given a low non-toxic dose of N,N dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) (2 mg/kg) and killed 3 or 18 h later (a period corresponding to the removal of 50% of the O6-methylguanine from 'total' liver (DNA). DNA was extracted from liver, denatured in alkali and incubated at 60 degrees C for periods corresponding to the reassociation of highly repetitive (polycopy), middle repetitive and 'unique' sequences i.e. different 'kinetic' classes of DNA. Reassociated and single-stranded DNA were separated by hydroxyapatite chromatography and analyse for O6-methylguanine content. Three hours after administration of DMN the levels of O6-methylguanine in the reassociated and single-stranded DNA were the same after each period of reassociation indicating that O6-methylguanine was randomly distributed among the DNA classes. At 18 h the levels of O6-methylguanine were again the same in the reassociated and single-stranded DNA but approx. 50% lower than in the 3 h DNA samples. The rate of loss of O6-methylguanine from the three DNA classes was thus the same and there was therefore no indication of preferential removal of this base from any one kinetic class of DNA under the conditions used. PMID- 7357681 TI - Chlorinated hydrocarbon-cell membrane interactions studied by the fluorescence quenching of carbazole-labeled phospholipids: probe synthesis and characterization of the quenching methodology. AB - In recognition of the need to understand better the interactions of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides with cell membranes we investigated the use of fluorescence quenching of membrane-bound fluorophores by these chlorinated hydrocarbons. An extensive survey of potential fluorophores identified the N alkyl derivatives of carbazole as being especially suitable fluorophores. The fluorescence emission of these derivatives is quenched by a wide variety of commonly-used chlorinated hydrocarbons. This quenching is collisional and does not result in significant photodecomposition. Four structurally distinct carbazole-labeled phospholipids were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by 270 MHz proton NMR and by chromatographic and chemical means. The carbazole moiety of each labeled phospholipid should be localized at a different depth in lipid bilayer. However, water soluble quenchers indicate that the fluorophores are inaccessible to the aqueous phase, irrespective of their point of attachment to the phospholipids. When incorporated into lipid bilayers, the fluorescence lifetime of these carbazole-labeled phospholipids reveals the collisional frequency between the fluorophore and the chlorinated hydrocarbon. As a result quenching of membrane-bound fluorophores may be used to measure: (1) the diffusional rate of the chlorinated hydrocarbon in the bilayer; (2) the lipid water partition coefficient; (3) the maximum binding capacity of the membrane for the chlorinated hydrocarbon. Examples of all these measurements are given, and the fluorometric results are confirmed by direct chemical analysis. PMID- 7357680 TI - Cadmium-induced reduction of bone alkaline phosphatase and its prevention by zinc. AB - The dietary exposure of rats to cadmium (75 ppm) for periods of up to 48 weeks caused an accumulation of cadmium in the femur, and an inhibition of the accumulation of zinc in the bone. After 48 weeks of cadmium treatment, there was a decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase in the femur. This effect was prevented by a simultaneous dietary supplement of zinc (300 ppm). PMID- 7357682 TI - Phosphatidylcholine liposomes containing cholesterol analogues with side chains of various lengths. AB - The effect of the length of the side chain of sterols on their interaction with phosphatidylcholine was studied by measuring the permeability properties of liposomes constituted with sterol analogues with side chains of various lengths. The sensitivities of liposomes constituted with these sterol analogues toward digitonin and polyene antibiotics were also examined. The effects of sterols on phase transition of phosphatidylcholine were examined by measuring their effects on permeability increase due to perturbation of phase equilibrium and by differential scanning calorimetry. An analogue with a short side chain, isopropyl (C-22), had a very similar effect to cholesterol in suppressing the permeability increase, suggesting that the full length of the side chain is not necessary for this effect. The permeability of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine at 42 degrees C was suppressed as much by the analogue C-22 as by cholesterol. Androstene-3-beta-ol, an analogue without a side chain, however, had little suppressive effect. Thus it is concluded that the condensing effect of sterol requires a side chain, but not the full length of side chain. Liposomes constituted with analogues having a side chain with more than 5 carbon atoms showed maximum reactivity with a polyene antibiotic, amphotericin B, whereas those constituted with analogues having a side chain with less than 4 carbon atoms showed weaker reactivity. These findings indicate that a side chain with more than 5 carbon atoms is essential for the maximum interaction of liposomes with amphotericin B. Unlike amphotericin B, filipin reacted almost equally well with liposomes containing C-22 and with those containing cholesterol. Thus the chain length of the side chain of sterol is less important for interaction of liposomes with filipin than for their interaction with amphotericin B. Liposomes containing analogues having a side chain with more than 6 carbon atoms showed maximum reactivity with digitonin. Thus for the maximum interaction of liposomes with digitonin, the side chain of sterol should be longer than 6 carbon atoms. PMID- 7357683 TI - Action of surfactants on egg lecithin liposomes. AB - The lytic action of several homologous series of surfactants including N-acyl derivatives of the Na-salt of amino acids on the egg lecithin multilamellar liposomes was examined. The affinity for the lipid membrane and the solubilising capacity of the agents were estimated. The contribution of a CH2 group and that of the polar head group of surfactants to the free energy of the agent's binding to the membrane were evaluated. The results obtained indicate that the contribution of a CH2 group to the free binding energy depends on the nature of the surfactants' head group. This dependence is attributed to either various localisation of the agent's molecules in the lipid bilayer or to different properties of the agent's hydrocarbon tails. The contributions of the head groups of the surfactants are assumed to reflect the affinity of these head groups for the lecithin polar head group at the membrane interface. The results obtained indicate some degree of specificity involved in the interactions of the head groups. PMID- 7357684 TI - Influence of monovalent and divalent cations on the surface area of phosphatidylglycerol monolayers. AB - A theory is presented on the electrostatic properties of the surface area of phosphatidyl-glycerol monolayers spreading at an air-water interface in the presence of monovalent and divalent cations. In the present theory, the adsorption of monovalent and divalent cations to the membranes is taken into account, besides the dissociation of protons, as possible cause of the change of surface charge density with the variation of pH or ion concentrations. It is also pointed out that, in the presence of structure-making ions such as Li+ and Na+, the nearest-neighbour interactions between proton dissociation sites become important for the monolayers in the gel state to yield a sharp expansion of the surface area with the increase of pH. The present theory shows quantitative agreements with previously-observed data. PMID- 7357685 TI - Sodium ion diffusion through liposome membranes containing cerebroside. AB - Na+ efflux from liposomes (small unilamellar vesicles, SUV) of various compositions was studied, using 22Na+ and 3H-labelled stachyose in simultaneous dual isotope measurements, stachyose being used as a measure of liposome disintegration. Dialysis was utilised to separate liposomes from extra-liposomal activity. Liposomes were made from egg lecithin and sphingomyelin and from mixtures of egg lecithin, sphingomyelin, cerebroside, sulphatide and cholesterol. All mixtures produced more leaky and less stable SUVs than pure lecithin and pure sphingomyelin. The incorporation of cerebroside is significantly smaller than that of the phospholipids including sphingomyelin. It was found that membranes containing cerebroside had a significantly higher Na+ permeability than membranes without cerebroside. PMID- 7357687 TI - Integration of haemophilic boys into normal schools. AB - Advances in the medical treatment of haemophilia have made it possible for the majority of haemophilic children to attend ordinary rather than special schools. A survey carried out in the Glasgow and Edinburgh regions among families with haemophilic children and the schools which these children attend has drawn attention to certain implications of this new policy. PMID- 7357686 TI - High resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of glycosphingolipids. I: 360 MHz 1H and 90.5 MHz 13C NMR analysis of galactosylceramides. AB - The high resolution 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of galactosylceramides containing n-fatty acids and alpha-hydroxy fatty acids were recorded in dimethylsulfoxide solution with and without addition of D2O. From the coupling constants of the sugar ring protons, a 4C1 conformation can be deduced. In contrast to the conformation in aqueous solution, the C6 hydroxymethylene group is freely rotating around the C6--C5 bond. In the ceramide residue all signals produced by protons linked to carbons bearing electronegative substituents could be attributed. The large difference in coupling constants of the methylene protons of C1' to the C2' methine proton of the sphingosine indicates a restricted rotation around the C1'--C2' bond. The assignments of the hydroxy and amino protons follow from the decoupling of the corresponding methine protons. PMID- 7357688 TI - The relationship between structured and free play in the development of a mentally handicapped child: a case study. AB - This case study provides an individual illustration of the work of the Parental Involvement Project. A key feature of the approach used was the structured play situation. Thus, the case study also serves to demonstrate the role of structured play, and its relation to free play, in the development of a young, mentally handicapped child. PMID- 7357689 TI - Effects of unilateral hearing loss upon educational achievement. AB - Recent evidence suggests that children with relatively minor hearing impairments may be at a developmental disadvantage. A survey of over 42,000 students was conducted and children with unilateral hearing losses were identified on the basis of audiometric testing. A comparison of the standardized achievement test scores obtained by the unilateral hearers, using class and national norms with a sibling control group, yielded no significant differences although the hearing impaired group scored lower on all subscales. There were sex differences observed, however, with male unilateral hearers performing significantly better than females on several subscales. Although the results indicate little educational disadvantage accompanying unilateral losses in this sample of children, in the absence of more definitive evidence, it would be prudent to consider a unilateral loss as a 'risk factor' for the production of developmental problems. PMID- 7357690 TI - The law of Laplace. Its limitations as a relation for diastolic pressure, volume, or wall stress of the left ventricle. PMID- 7357692 TI - Membrane electrical effects of histamine on vascular smooth muscle of canine coronary artery. PMID- 7357691 TI - Ryanodine alteration of the contractile state of rat ventricular myocardium. Comparison with dog, cat, and rabbit ventricular tissues. PMID- 7357694 TI - Ultrastructural injury to chick myocardial cells in vitro following "electric countershock". PMID- 7357695 TI - The effect of ouabain on the isolated sinus node preparation of the rabbit studied with microelectrodes. AB - In 30 isolated, spontaneously beating right atrial preparations of the rabbit, the arrhythmogenic actions of ouabain were studied with microelectrodes. Ouabain (10(-6) M) uniformly produced the following events: (1) a gradual increase in sinus rate with periods of alternation of beta-to-beat atrial intervals, (2) a rapid rate and regular rhythm, (3) severe irregularity of rhythm, (4) total atrial arrest. Cycle length decreased from 394 msec +/- 43 (mean +/- SD) during control to 229 msec +/- 26 during the period of rapid rate and regular rhythm (P less than 0.001). Pretreatment with atropine or propranolol did not abolish this positive chronotropic action of ouabain. Maps of the spread of activation in the area of the sinus node in eight experiments revealed that the speeding up of rate is accompanied by a shift of dominant pacemaker site toward the sinoatrial border. In explanation, it is shown that sinoatrial border fibers develop strong diastolic depolarization, whereas dominant pacemaker fibers do so to a lesser extent or not at all. The atrial arrhythmias--best to be described as "digitalis induced sinus tachycardia"--may represent the experimental counterpart of the so called "paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with block" described as a common manifestation of digitalis intoxication in man. PMID- 7357696 TI - Representation of cardiac electrical activity by a moving dipole for normal and ectopic beats in the intact dog. PMID- 7357693 TI - The role of vagal afferents in the reflex control of the left ventricular refractory period in the cat. PMID- 7357698 TI - Enhanced recovery from postischemic acute renal failure. Micropuncture studies in the rat. PMID- 7357697 TI - Effect of pacing-induced ischemia on left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations in dogs with coronary stenoses. PMID- 7357699 TI - The role of the sodium pump in the control of vascular tone in the rat. PMID- 7357701 TI - Stimulation by bradykinin of afferent vagal C-fibers with chemosensitive endings in the heart and aorta of the dog. PMID- 7357700 TI - The relationship between ultrasonic pulsatility index and proximal arterial stenosis in a canine model. AB - Although the ultrasonic pulsatility index (PI) is used as a test of arterial inflow, the relationship between proximal arterial stenosis and PI has not been fully evaluated. In a series of experiments on dogs, over 200 measurements of pressure, flow (using an indwelling electromagnetic flowmeter), and PI were made distal to implanted arterial stenoses of varying length (0.5--9 mm) and cross sectional area (36--94% reduction in area). It was shown that, whereas the reduction of PI correlates broadly with stenosis severity, the scatter of results is wide for all but the tightest stenoses. This scatter is due at least in part to the variability of the vascular bed distal to the site of measurement. PMID- 7357702 TI - Effects of external calcium, calcium channel-blocking agents, and stimulation frequency on cycle length-dependent changes in canine cardiac action potential duration. PMID- 7357703 TI - Sodium requirement for effects of ouabain on contraction of isolated guinea pig atria. PMID- 7357704 TI - Left and right ventricular pump function and consequences of having two pumps in one heart. A study on the isolated cat heart. PMID- 7357706 TI - Comments on "The cardiac and vascular factors that determine systemic blood flow". PMID- 7357705 TI - Prevention by vagotomy or atropine administration of the hemodynamic changes occurring after acute unilateral nephrectomy in the dog. PMID- 7357707 TI - Electrical safety standards for electrocardiographic apparatus. PMID- 7357708 TI - Clinical significance of upsloping ST segments in exercise electrocardiography. AB - Conventional exercise electrocardiographic criteria usually involve patterns with a horizontal or downsloping ST segment. In the present study we present criteria based on upsloping ST segments and compared these criteria with the conventional criteria. Using upsloping ST-segment criteria, the amount of ST-segment depression at 80 msec after the end of the QRS complex is used as a parameter (ST criterion E, with a depression of 100 mV, and ST criterion F, with a depression of 200 mV). In the graded exercise test a bicycle ergometer was used. The ECG leads were CM5 and CC5. The results of exercise electrocardiography were compared with the findings from coronary arteriography. In 623 selected patients (565 males and 58 females), application of conventional ST criteria gave a sensitivity of 56% and a specificity of 94%; with application of the ST criteria E or F, sensitivity was 75% and specificity 90%. In the 58 females use of these new criteria resulted in a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 88%. Ninety-three patients (15%) could be classified as positive exercise responders by the sole presence of an upsloping ST segment (type E or F). Sixty-eight percent of the patients with type E and 75% with type F had two- or three-vessel disease (coronary obstructions greater their or equal to 50%). We conclude that ST criteria based on upsloping ST segments significantly increase the diagnostic yield of the exercise ECG. PMID- 7357709 TI - Influence of left ventricular dimensions on endocardial and epicardial QRS amplitude and ST-segment elevations during acute myocardial ischemia. AB - The influence of acute myocardial ischemia and changes in ventricular dimensions on endocardial and epicardial electrograms were evaluated in 17 anesthetized open chest dogs before and after left ventricular volume expansion and before and after coronary artery ligation. In eight dogs, regional myocardial blood flow was determined by the labeled microsphere technique. Endocardial QRS (endo-QRS) amplitude in ischemic and nonischemic zones, and epicardial QRS (epi-QRS) in nonischemic zones maintained a negative linear relation with left ventricular end diastolic dimension before and after coronary artery ligation, although acute ischemia decreased endo-QRS independently. Epi-QRS amplitude in the ischemic zone decreased after coronary artery ligation but changed inconsistently during volume expansion. Ischemia-induced epicardial ST-segment elevation decreased during volume expansion and was associated with improved epicardial blood flow. Changes in epi-QRS in ischemic zones, however, were not related to epicardial blood flow during volume expansion. These findings indicate the potential problems of using changes in QRS amplitude for determining the extent of myocardial ischemic injury. PMID- 7357710 TI - Spontaneous variability of complex ventricular arrhythmias detected by long-term electrocardiographic recording. AB - Variations in the frequency of complex ventricular arrhythmias were evaluated by consecutive 24-hour long-term electrocardiographic recordings over 4 days using a two-channel recorder and computer-assisted analysis system with a weighted relative mean error of 7.5 +/ 5% (SD). Twenty patients (mean age 58 +/- 9 years [SD] with various cardiac disorders were selected if they had a daily average of more than 30 ventricular ectopic complexes per hour. Twenty patients had ventricular couplets and 14 patients had ventricular tachycardia (at least triplets). The mean daily number of either couplets or ventricular tachycardia was subjected a four-factor nested analysis of variance to determine the sources of variation in ectopic frequency. Differences in hourly rates accounted for 30% of the variation in the frequency of ectopic complexes. Statistical methods were applied to determine the change in frequency of complex arrhythmias necessary to exceed that attributable to spontaneous variation alone at the p less than 0.05 level. Using a typical protocol, for example, comparing a 24-hour test period with a 24-hour control period would require a 65% decrease in mean hourly frequency of ventricular tachycardia and 75% reduction in the frequency of couplets to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy rather than a reduction due to spontaneous variation alone. PMID- 7357711 TI - Development of a bladder-free cuff for measuring the blood pressure of the fingers and toes. AB - In the present study, we investigated the technique and reliability of measuring digital blood pressure by means of a rigid, airtight container (a bladder-free cuff) and a photocell placed on the digit. As cuff pressure increased, the position of digits in the cuff was maintained in the hand by fixing one or two fingers inside the cuff and, in the foot, by using a supporting stick to keep the distance from the cuff to the bed constant. An airtight seal inside the cuff was achieved using a thin rubber sleeve and adhesive tape. Blood pressures determined by the bladder-free cuff correlated well with those obtained by the conventional cuff with bladder. By using the bladder-free cuff, blood pressure could be measured at the distal phalanx of the fingers and in all toes. PMID- 7357712 TI - Evidence for additional blood pressure correlates in adults 20-56 years old. AB - The offspring of parents belonging to the original Framingham Heart Study cohort, and spouses of these offspring, were examined beginning in 1971. Cardiovascular examinations similar to those performed on the parents in 1952-1953 were given to offspring and their spouses. The mean blood pressure (BP) appeared to be lower in the female offspring-spouses than in the cohort mothers. Comparable multivariate analyses on 3588 offspring and spouses of both sexes, ages 20-49 years, and 1842 parents, ages 30-49 years, confirmed the frequently reported importance of weight, heart rate, alcohol consumption, glucose and hematocrit or hemoglobin as independent positive correlates and smoking as an inverse correlate of botsured variables of total serum proteins and plasma triglycerides added significantly to prediction of BP in both sex groups, and a less striking negative association was found for serum phosphorus. The findings for serum proteins and triglycerides were supported in a separate population of middle-aged twin men. Even with the additional measured variables, only 28-34% of the total BP variance is explained in these populations. PMID- 7357714 TI - Detection of residual jeopardized myocardium 3 weeks after myocardial infarction by exercise testing with thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy. PMID- 7357713 TI - Changes after quitting cigarette smoking. AB - Changes in cardiorespiratory symptoms and coronary disease risk indicators over an average 1 1/2-year period were assessed in 9392 persistent cigarette smokers and 3825 persons who quit smoking between two multiphasic checkups. The prevalence of questionnaire-reported chronic cough fell markedly in subjects who quit a one-or-more-pack/day habit (e.g., from 11.2% to 1.8% in white men, p less than 0.001). However, chest pain, shortness of breath and exertional leg pain showed no consistent improvement in quitters compared with persistent smokers. Weight gain was about 2-3 lbs greater in quitters, but changes in blood pressure were small and not consistent across race-sex groups, nor were there consistent differences between persistent smokers and quitters in trends in trends in vital capacity, cholesterol or prevalence of ECG abnormality. Quitting was associated with increase in serum uric acid levels of about 0.2-0.5 mg/dl and relative falls in hemoglobin, leukocyte count and serum glucose levels, all consistent with smoker-nonsmoker differences previously found in cross-sectional studies. Except for the small increases in weight and uric acid levels, quitting smoking did not appear to increase risk of coronary heart disease by other mechanisms. PMID- 7357715 TI - Symptom-limited vs heart-rate-limited exercise testing soon after myocardial infarction. AB - To develop guidelines for exercise testing soon after uncomplicated myocardial infarction, 93 men completed a heart-rate-limited (HRL) protocol and 107 completed a symptom-limited (SXL) protocol 3 weeks after the acute event. In the HRL protocol, effort terminated at a heart rate of 130 beats/min in the absence of a limiting symptom, exertional hypotension or ventricular tachycardia. Peak heart rate was not an end point in the SXL protocol. Despite a higher peak heart rate and work load in patients who completed the SXL protocol, the prevalence of exercise-induced ischemic ST-segment depression and ventricular ectopic activity was similar in the two groups. No complications occurred with either protocol. Twelve patients (6%) had cardiac events within the next 2 months. Regardless of the test protocol used, early events were more common in patients with ischemic ST-segment responses (15%) than in patients without ischemic responses (3%) (p less than 0.01). In contrast, exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias were not predictive of early events. Eleven weeks after infarction, when all tests were SXL, the prevalence of exercise-induced ischemic ST-segment depression and premature ventricular complexes was similar to that at 3 weeks. We conclude that SXL and HRL exercise test protocols reveal a similar prevalence of ischemic ST segment depression and ventricular ectopic activity soon after uncomplicated myocardial infarction. PMID- 7357716 TI - Are the clinical and hemodynamic events during exercise stress testing in invasive studies in patients with angina pectoris reproducible? PMID- 7357717 TI - Rest and exercise hemodynamic effects of oral hydralazine in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. AB - To determine the hemodynamic effects of afterload reduction at rest and during upright exercise in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction, 12 patients were studied before and after taking 50-75 mg of oral hydralazine every 6 hours for 48 hours. Oxygen consumption and heart rate were unchanged from control both at rest and during two work loads on a bicycle ergometer. Cardiac output was significantly increased at rest and during both workloads. The arteriovenous oxygen difference was significantly reduced at rest and during exercise. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was also significantly lower at rest and during exercise. Systemic vascular resistance was reduced at rest, and exercise-induced vasodilation was augmented by the administration of hydralazine. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume and ejection fraction assessed by radionuclide angiocardiography were not significantly changed at rest or during exercise after hydralazine. Seven of the 12 patients have maintained clinical improvement during a follow-up of 6-12 months. Hemodynamic improvement provided by oral hydralazine at rest is maintained during moderate exertion in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. In selected patients, chronic afterload reduction with oral hydralazine may result in increased cardiac reserve, decreased pulmonary congestion or decreased myocardial oxygen demands, thereby improving or abolishing resting or exertional dyspnea or angina. PMID- 7357718 TI - Sequence of events in angina at rest: primary reduction in coronary flow. AB - To investigate the events that lead to acute myocardial ischemia we monitored continuously the ECG, the left ventricular (four patients) or aortic (two patients) pressure and the great cardiac vein oxygen saturation (CSO2S) by a fiberoptic catheter in six patients with frequent anginal attacks at rest. We recorded 137 transient ischemic episodes (10 with chest pain) characterized by ST segment elevation in 28 episodes, depression in three episodes and by pseudonormalization of previously inverted or flat T waves in 106 episodes. The onset of electrocardiographic and hemodynamic changes was preceded by a large drop in CSO2S in all 135 episodes with ST-T changes in the anterior leads but not in two episodes with ST elevation on inferior leads. The fall in CSO2S, consistently followed by signs of left ventricular function impairment and never preceded by any detectable increase in the hemodynamic determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption, probably reflects a reduction in regional perfusion. Thus, a reduction in coronary flow may cause transient ischemia in patients with angina at rest. These episodes may be associated with variable, often minor electrocardiographic changes and occasionally with anginal pain. PMID- 7357719 TI - Effect of acute coronary artery occlusion on local myocardial extracellular K+ activity in swine. AB - We studied the time course, magnitude and homogeneity of the change in extracellular myocardial potassium activity after acute ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in pigs using potassium-sensitive electrodes made from a valinomycin-polyvinyl chloride matrix membrane. We also studied the relationship between the changes in potassium activity and the simultaneous changes in ventricular activation using the reference barrel of the K+ electrode to record ventricular electrograms. We found that the K+ rose sooner, more rapidly and to higher levels than previously reported. The K+ changes occurred in three phases: a phase of rapidly rising K+ that began within seconds of the ligation and lasted 5-15 minutes, a plateau phase that lasted approximately 15 minutes and a phase of slowly rising K+ that extended throughout the longest occlusion (60 minutes) used in this study. The K+ changes were reversed by release of the occlusion during the rapidly rising and plateau phases, but were not reversed by release of the occlusion during the phase of slowly rising K+. Inhomogeneities in the K+ rise appeared between the center and lateral margins of the midmyocardial ischemic zone, between the subendocardium and the subepicardium in the center of the ischemic zone, and between closely spaced electrodes located in the midmyocardial center of the ischemic zone. Thus, the change in K+ activity, as recorded by our electrodes, can be considered an excellent marker of ischemia. Changes in ventricular activation paralleled the K+ rise, the inhomogeneities of K+ rise and the reversal of the K+ rise after release but could not be entirely explained by the change in K+. PMID- 7357720 TI - Transluminal angioplasty: correlation of morphologic and angiographic findings in an experimental model. AB - The morphologic consequences of transluminal angioplasty of stenotic atherosclerotic coronary arteries are unknown. This study describes the production of aortoiliac atherosclerosis in rabbits and reports the morphologic changes after transluminal angioplasty of stenotic arterial lesions. Atherosclerotic lesions were evaluated angiographically before and after transluminal angioplasty and were studied histologically and by electron microscopy after angioplasty. Moderatley stenotic aortic segments showed denudation of endothelial cells and deposition of a carpet of platelets enmeshed in fibrin. Medial and intimal compression were not seen. Intimal plaque disruption and splitting of atheromatous plaques were observed in more stenotic vessels where dilatation during angioplasty is relatively greater. Transluminal angioplasty, therefore, acutely causes desquamation of endothelial cells and superficial plaque elements, splitting of atheroma and subsequent deposition of platelets and fibrin in the area of angioplasty. This experimental model may be useful to evaluate the morphologic changes after angioplasty and might be used in further studies to determine the long-term pathophysiologic changes after transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 7357721 TI - Quantification of coronary arterial narrowing at necropsy in acute transmural myocardial infarction. Analysis and comparison of findings in 27 patients and 22 controls. AB - We quantitatively analyzed the degree and extent of coronary arterial narrowing by atherosclerotic plaques in the entire length of each of the four major coronary arteries in 27 necropsy patients with transmural acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and compared the findings with those in 22 control subjects. Of the 1403 5-mm segments examined in the 27 AMI patients, 484 (34%; controls 3%) were 76-100% narrowed in cross-sectional area by atherosclerotic plaques, 528 (38%; controls 25%) were 51-75% narrowed, 319 (23%; controls 44%) were 26-50% narrowed, and only 72 segments (5%; controls 28%) were less than or equal to 25% narrowed. The amount of severe (greater than 75%) narrowing of the right, left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary arteries by atherosclerotic plaques was similar, as was the amount of severe narrowing in the distal and proximal halves of these three arteries. The number of severely narrowed 5-mm segments did not correlate significantly with the patient's age at death, the presence or absence of a history of angina pectoris or healed myocardial infarction, or with heart weight. The men, however, had a significantly greater number of severely narrowed 5-mm segments of coronary artery than the women (p less than 0.05), and the patients with associated transmural left ventricular scars had significantly more severely narrowed segments than did patients without transmural scars. PMID- 7357722 TI - Time course of thallium-201 redistribution after transient myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7357723 TI - Linear relationship between the distribution of thallium-201 and blood flow in ischemic and nonischemic myocardium during exercise. PMID- 7357724 TI - Evaluation of aortic valve replacement in patients with valvular aortic stenosis. AB - Echocardiographic and hemodynamic studies were obtained in 42 consecutive patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for isolated aortic stenosis. Concentric left ventricular (LV) wall thickening, the most common preoperative abnormality, occurred in 95% of patients. LV dilation with reduced fractional shortening was noted in approximately 25% of patients but was severe in only one patient. Six months after operation, LV wall thickness had decreased on average but had not returned to normal and fractional shortening was unchanged. Repeat measurements in 13 patients an average of 37 months after operation were unchanged compared with measurements made 6 months after operation. When patients were subdivided into those with LV dilatation and those without, we found that patients with dilated ventricles preoperatively had a greater decrease in LV internal dimension and mass than those without preoperative dilatation. The patient data also were examined for possible association with mortality. One operative (2%) and five late cardiac (13%) deaths occurred. No preoperative or 6 month postoperative echocardiographic or hemodynamic measurement was strongly associated with these deaths, nor were any late deaths due to congestive heart failure. Compared with preoperative measurements in symptomatic patients who were operated for isolated aortic regurgitation, patients with aortic stenosis had smaller left ventricles with less depression of systolic function, as well as less aortic root and left atrial dilatation. Our data do not support the concept that the aortic valve should be replaced before the onset of symptoms to prevent irreversible LV damage in patients with isolated aortic stenosis. PMID- 7357725 TI - Congenital left ventricular inflow obstruction evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - Several forms of congenital heart disease that cause left ventricular inflow obstruction have similar M-mode findings, and frequently the exact anatomic diagnosis cannot be made by M-mode echocardiography alone. We examined five children with various forms of left ventricular inflow obstruction using two dimensional echocardiography. The diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterization and surgery in all five patients. In one patient with congenital mitral valve stenosis, a thick mitral valve with two papillary muscles was imaged. This patient was easily distinguished from a second child with parachute deformity of the mitral valve in whom a single papillary muscle arising from the left ventricular apex was seen. These two patients with mitral valve stenosis were easily differentiated from the three patients in whom the left ventricular inflow obstruction was caused by a membrane within the left atrium. The membrane could be seen in several spatial planes; however, we could not distinguish by two dimensional echocardiography one child who had cor triatriatum from the other two patients who had a supravalvar mitral ring. Because of its spatial anatomic display, the two-dimensional echocardiogram provides information for a more detailed anatomic diagnosis in children with congenital left ventricular inflow obstruction. PMID- 7357727 TI - PDA by Doppler echo. PMID- 7357726 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic findings in right-sided infective endocarditis. AB - M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms were recorded in 12 narcotic addicts who had right-sided infective endocarditis. The two-dimensional echocardiogram showed vegetations in 10 patients (nine tricuspid and one pulmonic), while the M mode echocardiogram was positive in six (five tricuspid and one pulmonic). The use of multiple transducer positions resulted in better visualization of the valves and appeared to be an important reason for the large number of positive two-dimensional echocardiograms. Echocardiographic findings were also available after completion of antibiotic therapy in seven of 10 patients. Of these seven patients, the vegetation appeared unchanged in three, diminished in size in three and was no longer visualized in one. No patient required valve replacement. Two dimensional echocardiography using a wide-angle sector scanner appears to offer distinct advantages over the standard M-mode technique in evaluating patients with right-sided infective endocarditis. PMID- 7357728 TI - Comparison of i.v. quinidine and disopyramide. PMID- 7357729 TI - LAHB obscuring RBBB. PMID- 7357730 TI - Univentricular heart of RV type. PMID- 7357732 TI - Human placental oxytocinase and its relationship to pregnancy plasma oxytocinase. AB - Plasma "oxytocinase of pregnancy" and three placental "oxytocinase" fractions from human placental extracts were compared. On the basis of acrylamide-agarose chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, substrate specificity, heat liability and relative insensitiveness to L-methionine, it is concluded that placental enzyme activities, present in the second acrylamide-agarose peak, are identical with the plasma "pregnancy oxytocinase" and are to be regarded as its source. The hypothesis of a transplacental passage of placental peak II oxytocinase in the blood compartment of the mother seems well supported. Heat treatment of the placental extracts uncovered a minor activity behaving like Oya's microsomal oxytocinase, which is totally unlike the plasma oxytocinase and plays no part in the increased oxytocinase activity of human pregnancy plasma. A hitherto undescribed enzyme activity shares with the pregnancy oxytocinase its specificity towards L-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide and di-S-S-L-cysteinyl-beta naphthylamide, its heat lability and realtive insensitiveness to L-methionine. However, this activity is carried by a protein of much lower molecular weight as judged by acrylamide-agarose chromatography, which shows only a single activity band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7357731 TI - On the influence of reaction conditions in activity determination of alkaline phosphatase on the molar absorptivity of 4-nitrophenol. AB - In activity determination of alkaline phosphatase (AP), measuring temperature, type and concentration of buffer, and protein concentration in the test influence the molar absorptivity of 4-nitrophenol. Thus systematic errors of up to 3% may occur in activity determinations of AP if these influences are not taken into account. PMID- 7357734 TI - A screening test for pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma using high voltage electrophoresis. PMID- 7357733 TI - Interferences in the radioimmunological determination of urinary free cortisol. AB - The magnitude of interferences arising in the radioimmunological assessment of urinary free cortisol is studied (a) by comparing cortisol immunoreactivities from crude urine, after organic solvent extraction of different selectivity and after additional chromatography by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and (b) by evaluation of the profile of immunoreactivity resulting from the fractions eluted by HPLC. Three antisera from different sources have been investigated. Values of cortisol-immunoreactivity in crude urine were about six times and values of a simple dichloromethane extract about three times higher than values obtained after HPLC. The main part of the interfering compounds arising in organic extracts have a polarity similar to cortisol, which cannot be easily eliminated by simple solvent extraction procedures. Specific estimation of urinary cortisol by radioimmunoassay requires a preceding chromatographic technique of high efficiency, such as HPLC, which represents an adequate tool for the routine laboratory. PMID- 7357735 TI - The influence of serum paraproteins on Burstein's reaction for beta-lipoproteins. AB - Using sulfonated polysaccharides to precipitate beta-lipoprotein in serum, we obtained high values in certain cases with normal serum lipids. Therefore, we examined whether there are proteins in such sera which precipitate under conditions optimal for beta-lipoprotein insolubilization. The results show that certain IgG paraproteins are precipitable by sulfonated polysaccharides giving erroneously high values for beta-lipoprotein. PMID- 7357737 TI - Serum levels of thyroid hormones in liver diseases. AB - Concentrations of thyroid hormones and thyrotropin (TSH) were measured in sera of clinically euthyroid patients with various liver diseases and compared with normal controls. The mean serum concentration of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3) was significantly increased in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (p less than 0.01). This increase seemed to be dependent upon the hepatic damage, although it was not significant in patients with acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and compensated liver cirrhosis. The mean serum concentration of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) was significantly decreased in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (p less than 0.05). However, in patients with acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and compensated liver cirrhosis, the mean concentration of T3 was above the normal. The mean value of rT3/T3 ratios in patients with acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and compensated liver cirrhosis were similar to that of normal controls, but in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, the mean value of rT3/T3 ratios was markedly higher than that of normal controls. The rT3/T3 ratios have little or no correlation with some standard liver function tests. These results suggest that marked alterations of peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T4) to rT3 or T3 may be found only in a state of decompensated liver cirrhosis among the various liver diseases. PMID- 7357736 TI - Properties of purified salivary ribonuclease, and salivary ribonuclease levels in children with cystic fibrosis and in heterozygous carriers. AB - Alkaline acid- and thermo-stable ribonuclease was isolated from human saliva of healthy subjects, children with cystic fibrosis, and from parents of the latter. The enzyme was purified about 180-200 times, and its ionic requirements, and specificity towards various substrates, characterized and compared with those for human pancreatic ribonuclease. The level of acid- and thermo-stable ribonuclease activity was five times higher in terms of enzyme level per ml saliva, and three times higher in terms of salivary protein, for 62% of children with cystic fibrosis, and for 73% of carrier subjects, relative to co-nrol groups. Assay of the level of this ribonuclease activity appears to be a promising diagnostic tool for detection of heterozygote carriers. PMID- 7357738 TI - The relationship between the cholesterol content and subfraction distribution of plasma high-density lipoproteins. AB - High density lipoprotein subfractions (HDL2 and HDL3) were separated from the plasma of 25 healthy volunteers (13 males, 12 females) rate zonal ultracentrifugation. The rotor elution profile, measured at 280 nm, was used with the specific extinction coefficient for each subfraction (HDL2, 0.60 +/- 0.11 mg protein/A280nm, HDL3, 0.86 +/- 0.10 mg protein/A280nm (n=25) to calculate their plasma concentration. Their protein and lipid composition were also determined by chemical analysis. Plasma lipids, lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein A-II and apolipoprotein B levels were measured in the same subjects and correlated with the HDL subfraction concentrations. HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I concentrations correlated significantly (p less than 0.01 and 0.02 respectively) with plasma HDL2, but not with HDL3. Indeed, the significantly higher levels of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I in the female group could be attributed entirely to an increase in circulating HDL2. This data supports the proposal that the latter subfraction is the major contributor to the anti-atherogenic role of plasma HDL. PMID- 7357741 TI - Plasma 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D measured by radioimmunoassay and cytosol radioreceptor assay in normal subjects and patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and renal failure. AB - Antibodies to 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 25-hemisuccinate linked to albumin were produced and an immunoassay for 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D developed. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D concentrations were compared using an immunoassay and cytosol radioreceptor assay. Both assays gave comparable results but the immunoassay was more reproducible, slightly more sensitive and had a lower detection limit. Using the immunoassay the plasma 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D was 110.5 pmol/l (S.D. 29.4) in normal subjects; there was no difference between males and premenopausal females. It was negatively related to plasma phosphate. In renal failure and primary hyperparathyroidism plasma 1,25(OH)2D was positively related to radiocalcium absorption. Following 1 and 2 microgram of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 given orally the peak plasma concentration occurs within 12 h. PMID- 7357740 TI - A simple method for the isolation of multiple sclerosis specific brain antigens. AB - A method for isolation of two multiple sclerosis(MS)-specific brain antigens [3] is described. The brain cytosol was passed through a Con A-Sepharose column and the glycoproteins containing MS-specific antigens (MSG) were eluted with 50 mmol/l methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, pH 6. By fractionation of MSG on DEAE cellulose, a fraction containing MS-specific antigens (MSG2) was eluted in 0.25 mol/l NaCl, after prior elution of other proteins with distilled water. The MS specific antigens in the MSG2 fraction were traced and characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. A quantitative determination of proteins eluted in MSG2 revealed that the 2 MS-specific antigens had been purified 10 000 times. Using this method to isolate the two MS-specific antigens of autopsy brains, they were found to be present in 7/7 MS brains and absent in 9/9 non-MS brains studied. The method described in the present communication may be used both for the partial purification of the MS-specific antigens as well as for the tracing of the specific antigens in different topographical areas of the MS brains. PMID- 7357742 TI - Optimization of diagnostic discrimination applied to the amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. AB - An unrecognized disparity frequently separates the intuitive reliance placed on laboratory information by those who produce it and those who use it. To harmonize these dissimilar perceptions requires quantitative measures of the information contained in laboratory data. The assay of the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in amniotic fluid is used as an example to analyze the discriminatory ability of a test. This assay can be optimized from the different viewpoints of sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic effectiveness or value. In each case test results are interpreted in the light of different factors and so the optimal decision threshold to separate positive from negative results may vary. Appreciation of this concept would endow the interpretation of laboratory tests with the same flexibility traditionally available to other clinical information. PMID- 7357739 TI - The magnesium content of duodenal mucosa in man. AB - The magnesium content of duodenal mucosa was estimated in biopsy specimens from 50 patients, 43 of which had normal mucosal histopathology. There was no significant difference in the mean mucosal magnesium content of those speciments with normal and abnormal histopathology and overall the mean value was 30.9 mmol/kg dry weight of tissue, but there was a wide spread of values. The concentration of magnesium in plasma and duodenal fluid was also determined. There was no significant correlation between duodenal mucosal magnesium content and plasma magnesium concentration. However, there was a weak but statistically significant correlation between magnesium content in duodenal fluid and duodenal mucosa (r = 0.54, p less than 0.001). PMID- 7357743 TI - A radioimmunoabsorbent assay for plasma somatostatin. AB - A solid phase radioimmunoassay for determination of immunoreactive somatostatin (IRS) in plasma is described. Plasma samples obtained from 30 apparently healthy persons and from 5 anaesthetized pigs were extracted with acetone-petroleum ether. The antibodies (R 141 and R 101) were conjugated to cyanogenbromide activated microcrystalline cellulose. Tyr1-somatostatin was iodinated according to the lactoperoxidase method. After extraction the recovery of somatostatin varied between 80 and 118%. The sensitivity of the assay was 5--10 pg/ml and the intra- and interassay variation ranged between 8 and 20%. The mean (+/- S.D.) value of IRS in systemic blood in man was 77 (+/- 19) pg/ml. Intravenous administration of 10 micrograms/kg synthetic somatostatin to anaesthetized pigs was followed by a 20-fold increase in plasma IRS. The hypersomatostatinemia rapidly vanished with a half-life of 3.5 min. The level of IRS in cerebrospinal fluid was unchanged by intravenous somatostatin at this dose. PMID- 7357744 TI - Kinetics of bilirubin photodegradation with application to amniotic fluid. AB - By spectrophotometric methods we have studied the photodegradation of bilirubin in simple solution and in amniotic fluid and have found that: (1) the photodegradation process can be described by kinetics which are first-order in concentration and second-order in time; (2) the photodegradation products of bilirubin do not prevent the determination of the absorbance of the parent compound; (3) although the rate of the photodegradation process depends upon both the oxygen partial pressure and the irradiation intensity, the determination of the original bilirubin absorbance is independent of both of these parameters so long as they are constant over the period of photodegradation; (4) other chromagens in amniotic fluid (including hemoglobin and methemoglobin) experience little photodegradation in the time required to degrade bilirubin; (5) several absorbance measurements over a short (approximately five-minute) period of photodegradation are sufficient for the determination of the original bilirubin absorbance for the complete range of interest in amniotic fluid with an accuracy of about five percent. PMID- 7357745 TI - A solid-phase immunoadsorbent assay for serum prostatic acid phosphatase. AB - A solid-phase immunoadsorbent assay for serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) measurement has been developed as modified from our previously reported immunofluoroassay, utilizing the specific anti-PAP antibodies conjugated to CNBr activated Sepharose 4B. The serum prostatic acid phosphatase was bound, and separated from other acid phosphatases and serum proteins, by the solid-phase anti-PAP IgG Sepharose 4B. The enzyme activity was quantitated by measuring the enzyme hydrolytic product, alpha-naphthol, from a primary standard solution. The entire procedure could be performed within four hours. The sensitivity of this method was 0.22 I.U./l of enzyme activity or 0.88 ng of prostatic acic phosphatase protein per ml of serum. Normal range of serum prostatic acid phosphatase as determined by this assay was found to be 0.4--2.4 I.U./l of enzyme activity (or 1.60--9.60 ng of enzyme protein per ml of serum). Initial clinical evaluation showed that 19 of 25 patients with early stages of prostatic cancer and 12 of 14 patients with metastatic prostatic cancer exhibited an elevated enzyme level (overall 79%), as compared with only six and eight patients, respectively (overall 36%), by a conventional chemical method. PMID- 7357746 TI - Plasma alpha-D-mannosidase in mucolipidosis II and mucolipidosis III. AB - There is a marked increase in the acidic alpha-D-mannosidase in the plasma of a patient with mucolipidosis II and of a patient with mucolipidosis III. A small proportion (3--4%) of this acidic alpha-D-mannosidase does not bind to concanavalin A-Sepharose, suggesting an alteration in the glycosylation and some of the enzyme in these disorders. A slight elevation in intermediate alpha-D mannosidase was also demonstrated in these samples by using a differential assay for the acidic and intermediate alpha-D-mannosidase activities. A combination of chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose and Sephadex G-200 showed that intermediate alpha-D-mannosidase components I2 and I4, which account for approximately 80% of the intermediate activity in normal plasma, were also present in ML II and ML III plasma. The minor intermediate alpha-D-mannosidase components in normal plasma, I1 and I3 were either present in small amounts or not detected. These results suggest that a defect in intermediate alpha-D mannosidase is unlikely to be the primary defect in these disorders. PMID- 7357747 TI - Immunoreactive nervous system of specific enolase (14-3-2 protein) in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Nervous system-specific 14-3-2 protein is an acidic enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) isoenzyme which is found in high concentrations in nervous tissue and which is also considered to be a molecular marker for amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells. A radioimmunoassay for this protein shows levels of immunoreactivity of 10 ng/ml and 5 ng/ml in human cerebrospinal fluid and serum respectively. The immunoreactivity in concentrated cerebrospinal fluid dilutes out in parallel with the standard curve in the assay, has a similar molecular weight to the immunoreactivity in soluble protein extracts of whole human brain, and on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis migrates as two forms representing the homodimer and probably the heterodimer species of the enzyme. The protein also occurs at relatively high levels in erythrocytes and an approximately 1% haemolysis would be sufficient to account for the normal serum level of immunoreactivity. Clinical measurements of 14-3-2 protein in neurological disorders or APUD-system disease could be potentially useful in cerebrospinal fluid but are unlikely to be of value in serum. PMID- 7357748 TI - The serum IgG subclass levels in healthy infants of 13--62 weeks of age. AB - The levels of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 were determined in serum samples of 160 infants aged 13--62 weeks, and of their mothers. In addition the serum IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgD levels of the infants are presented. The results show that IgM, IgG1, and IgG3 slightly increase during the first year of life, whereas IgG2, IgG4, IgA, and IgD hardly do. This difference in the development of the various immunoglobulin isotypes reflects differences in the terminal maturation of subsets of B-lymphocytes into plasma cells. About 50% of the infants of this age had no detectable IgG4 and three children had no IgG2. These observations indicate that longitudinal investigations are needed in children suspected of a IgG2 or IgG4 subclass deficiency. No statistically significant influence of sex on the IgG subclasses could be demonstrated in these infants. PMID- 7357749 TI - Determination of uric acid with uricase and peroxidase. AB - A reliable method for the determination of uric acid in plasma or serum is described. The hydrogen peroxidase developed in the uricase reaction is used, together with peroxidase, for the coupling of sulphonated dichlorophenol and 4 aminoantipyine to a red dye. The difference in absorbance at 515 nm before and after addition of uricase is measured. Of the components tested for interference some gave rise to falsely lowered values. Reagents are cheap and the high molecular absorption coefficient of the red dye permits the use of small sample volumes. PMID- 7357750 TI - The real and apparent plasma oxalate. AB - A method for the determination of human plasma oxalate concentration by an enzymatic assay procedure is described using deproteinised plasma. The apparent concentration of oxalate in 20 normal subjects was 1.1--16.0 mumol/l (mean 7.78; S.D. 3.96). It was suspected that these results might be too high, due to the possible conversion of glyoxalate to oxalate, and this reaction was clearly demonstrated to occur in whole blood in vitro. Inhibitors (boric acid, DL-beta phenyllactic acid, and allopurinol) of this oxidation were therefore added to the freshly taken blood samples, prior to assaying by the same technique. The plasma oxalate concentration from normal subjects was then found to be 0--5.4 mumol/l (mean 2.26; S.D. 1.67). It is concluded that normal blood spontaneously generates oxalate on standing, and the higher values obtained by other in vitro methods must be fallacious. PMID- 7357751 TI - Inhibition of alkaline phosphatase by several diuretics. AB - Acetazolamide, furosemide, ethacrynic acid and chlorothiazide, diuretics of considerable structural diversity, inhibit alkaline phosphatase. The inhibition is reversible and the mechanism is of the mixed type, having both competitive and non-competitive characteristics. Ki is calculated to be 8.4, 7.0, 2.8 and 0.1 mmol/l for acetazolamide, furosemide, ethacrynic acid and chlorothiazide, respectively. Chlorothiazide is a much more potent inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase than the other three diuretics. The combination of ethacrynic acid and cysteine, itself an alkaline phosphatase inhibitor, is less inhibitory than ethacrynic acid alone. Rat and human kidney alkaline phosphatase are equally sensitive to chlorothiazide, ethacrynic acid and furosemide. PMID- 7357752 TI - Use of 1-methoxy-5-methylphenazinium methyl sulfate (1-methoxyPMS) in the assay of some enzymes of diagnostic importance. AB - 1-Methoxy-5-methylphenazinium methyl sulfate (1-methoxyPMS) is a photochemically stable electron mediator between NAD(P)H and tetrazolium dyes. We have examined the efficiency of 1-methoxyPMS as an electron mediator in the assay of human lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) and the activity staining of LDH isozymes after electrophoresis. The turnover number of 1-methoxyPMS as an electron mediator between NADH and nitrotetrazolium blue was 10--12 s-1, which is a value equal to that of PMS. Correlation coefficient between the estimated LDH activities of human sera obtained with 1-methoxyPMS and those obtained with diaphorase was 0.998. 1-MethoxyPMS successfully substituted for the unstable PMS in the activity staining of LDH isozymes of human serum, giving less background staining. We conclude that 1-methoxyPMS will be useful for routine methods of activity assay and activity staining of enzymes of diagnostic importance. PMID- 7357753 TI - A modification of the isotope assay method for determination of thymidylate synthetase in normal and malignant tissues. PMID- 7357754 TI - Human growth hormone concentrations in amniotic fluid from pregnancies complicated by fetal neural tube defects. PMID- 7357755 TI - The EEG in osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 7357756 TI - Persistence of EEG activity with prolonged induced hyperthermic fever. AB - Ten instances of deliberate systemic temperature elevation in the 41.5 degrees C to 42.2 degrees C range have been evaluated electroencephalographically, demonstrating decrease in predominant frequency and voltage. Persistence of electro-cerebral activity suggests that previous reports of electro-cerebral inactivity with elevated temperatures reflect indirect serious effects due to cardiovascular compromise with cerebral ischemia, rather than to a direct temperature-related loss of CNS electrical activity. PMID- 7357758 TI - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in transtentorial herniation. AB - Brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER's) were recorded in patients exhibiting brainstem compression from supratentorial lesions. BAER's were altered in the early stages of herniation. In two cases the latencies returned to normal on treatment with steroids. PMID- 7357759 TI - Waking and all-night sleep EEG's in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7357757 TI - Brain stem auditory evoked responses in clinical practice. AB - A relatively new noninvasive technique for the diagnosis of abnormalities affecting the central nervous system is presented. It is especially useful in patients with acoustic neuroma, brain stem disorder such as tumors of the posterior fossa with neuraxis impingement, as well as demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis. It is certainly useful in the verification of neurologic normalcy in patients complaining of dizziness and vertigo. PMID- 7357761 TI - Alteration of the complement system in children with acquired thyroid disease. PMID- 7357760 TI - Isolation and characterization of an acidic chemotactic factor from complement activated human serum. PMID- 7357763 TI - Circulating immune complexes in patients with necrotizing vasculitis. PMID- 7357762 TI - Mitogen stimulation of human lymphocytes. I. The effect of exogenous deoxyribonucleic acid. PMID- 7357764 TI - Osteolytic and osteoblastic metastases due to carcinoid tumors. AB - Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors arising from the foregut and hindgut may metastasize within the abdomen. Bone metastases are rare, but their occurrence is well established. Both osteoblastic and osteolytic metastases can occur in the same patient without any bone symptoms. Three patients with malignant carcinoid tumors had no bone symptoms but demonstrated extensive bone metastases on radionuclide bone scans. Some of these lesions were abnormal on corresponding roentgenograms and some areas were negative on roentgenograms. The use of radionuclide bone scanning in the evaluation of patients with malignant carcinoid tumor is emphasized. PMID- 7357768 TI - Bone marrow scintigraphy in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 7357765 TI - The scintigraphic evaluation of hip pain in children. AB - Thirty-eight patients (28 boys and 10 girls) with hip pain were referred for bone scans. In 7 of 8 with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, there was decreased uptake of the radiopharmaceutical in the proximal femoral epiphysis; the other had radiographic evidence of joint destruction and showed increased uptake. Three patients with abnormal scans had normal x-rays with Gaucher's disease, toxic synovitis, and Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, respectively. One patient with avascular necrosis associated with steroid therapy had increased uptake, possibly due to revascularization. Those with toxic synovitis had either normal bone scans for showed a slight generalized increase around the hip joint. It is speculated that the latter may represent those who later present with Legg-Calve-Perthes. The bone scan is useful for the early detection of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease in patients with hip pain. PMID- 7357766 TI - The use of bone scanning in the diagnosis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. AB - The correct diagnosis of RSD can be difficult. We have found bone scanning helpful in evaluating 18 patients, making the diagnosis in 13 and excluding it in five. A characteristic pattern of uptake is demonstrated and the results summarized. PMID- 7357767 TI - Scintigraphy in epidermoid tumor of the skull. AB - In two patients, skull lesions radiologically typical of epidermoid tumor, but surgically unproven, showed intense concentration of Tc-99m-MDP. The lesions were also faintly positive with Tc-99m-DTPA and Ga-67-citrate. PMID- 7357769 TI - Scintigraphic sequelae of superior vena caval obstruction. AB - The scintigraphic characteristics of superior vena caval obstruction are presented together with a discussion of the relevant vascular anatomy. Alterations in scintigraphic venous blood flow patterns of a patient who underwent two surgical bypass procedures for symptomatic relief of superior vena caval obstruction are shown. PMID- 7357770 TI - Improved renal screening on bone scans. AB - Intravenous injection of Tc-99m-labeled radionuclides permits angioscintigraphic and blood pool visualization of both supra- and infradiaphragmatic organs. By adding this procedure to routine bone scans an improvement in the diagnostic yield of incidentally observed renal abnormalities was achieved. Several illustrative cases involving hyper- and hypovascular lesions are presented. The authors recommended increased use of immediate postinjection blood pool studies in all routine brain and bone scans as a means of renal screening at negligible cost. PMID- 7357773 TI - Middle ear pressure. PMID- 7357771 TI - Tc-99m-MDP bone scintigraphy and "growing" bone islands: a report of two cases. AB - Difficulties in correlation of Tc-99m-MDP bone scintigraphy and radiography of "growing" bone islands were encountered in two cases. The sensitive nature of bone scintigraphy as a metabolic indicator and the slow, inconstant growth rate of bone islands are presumed to cause the difficulties in correlation. PMID- 7357772 TI - Illnesses associated with extreme elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in children. AB - The laboratory and hospital records were reviewed for the 156 children seen at Milwaukee Children's Hospital over a thirty-one month period with erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) greater than or equal to 100 mm/hr. Fifty-five per cent of the children had an underlying infectious disease, 25 per cent had a collagen or renal disease, 13 per cent had neoplasms, and 6 per cent had miscellaneous disease processes. Patients with infectious diseases and high ESRs were significantly younger, significantly more febrile, and had higher leukocyte and absolute band counts than did patients in the other groups. Patients with malignancy had significantly lower hemoglobin levels, leukocyite and absolute PMN counts. Some patients did die during the 30-month study period but not during the particular hospitalization in which the ESR was obtained. PMID- 7357774 TI - Subdural effusion. PMID- 7357775 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 7357776 TI - The wandering spleen in infancy and childhood. AB - The wandering spleen is an unusual entity, which has been described rarely in infants and children. Although patients may be asymptomatic, some may present with torsion of the spleen with associated vovulus and vascular infarcation. Two asymptomatic patients with wandering spleen are described. Radiographic signs and isotopic scan findings of wandering spleen are discussed and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 7357778 TI - Extensive myiasis from tumbu fly larvae in Ghana, West Africa. PMID- 7357777 TI - Disseminated intravascular clotting and renal cortical necrosis complicating a snake bite. PMID- 7357779 TI - Cat-scratch disease with encephalopathy. AB - A case of encephalopathy complicating cat-scratch disease has been described. Neurologic signs manifested by convulstions and stupor appeared ten days after epitrochlear lymphadenopathy. The clinical course gradually improved over the next few days and recovery was complete. The spinal fluid was normal. The skin test with CSD antigen was positive. In all cases of encephalopathy developing within six weeks following the appearance of unexplained lymphadenopathy, the diagnosis of cat-scratch disease should be entertained. The importance of the cat scratch disease antigen in diagnosis is emphasized. PMID- 7357780 TI - Recurrent parotitis during childhood. AB - A case of a child suffering from recurrent parotitis secondary to inadvertant chewing on Stensen's duct orifice suggests that this cause may be common to other children plagued by this puzzling disorder. PMID- 7357781 TI - The developmental case conference as a method of teaching pediatricians about child development on an inpatient service. AB - Teaching pediatricians about child development on an inpatient service can pose difficult problems for the psychologist-consultant. This paper describes the evolution of a weekly case conference devoted to teaching child development to the pediatric staff on a hospital division devoted to the care of young infants. A format involving live demonstration of developmental assessment is seen as a stimulating and effective way to convey information about child development to pediatricians. A case example illustrates the advantages of this conference to facilitating pediatric observations, and early recognition of developmental problems. PMID- 7357782 TI - C'est toi qui l'a nomme (you have named him, not I). PMID- 7357783 TI - Familial clustering of tonsillectomies and adenoidectomies. AB - Eighty-one children undergoing tonsillectomies and adenoidectomies (T and A) were compared with a control group of 88 hospital patients. A significantly higher incidence of prior T and A was found to have been performed on the siblings and parents of the T and A group than the controls. Environmental, genetic or attitudinal factors could be responsible for this familial clustering. PMID- 7357784 TI - The well child care check sheet: an aide in office implementation of preventive pediatric care. PMID- 7357785 TI - Micropsia: an uncommon pediatric symptom. PMID- 7357786 TI - Laughing seizures (gelastic seizures) in childhood. PMID- 7357787 TI - Primary thrombocythemia in a child. PMID- 7357789 TI - Diazepam disposition determinants. AB - Factors influencing diazepam kinetics were assessed in 4 equal groups (n = 11) of young male and female (aged 21 to 37 yr) and elderly male and female (aged 61 to 84 yr) subjects, all of whom were healthy. In all 44, plasma diazepam concentrations were determined by electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography in multiple samples drawn for as long as 9 days after a single 5- to 10-mg intravenous dose. Based upon total (bound + free) diazepam concentrations, volume of distribution (Vd) ranged from 0.7 to 4.7 l/kg, and became larger both with increasing age and with female sex. Clearances of total (bound + free) diazepam in young and elderly females were nearly identical (0.51 and 0.48 ml/min/kg), but clearance was higher in young than elderly males (0.39 and 0.24 ml/min/kg, p less than 0.01). The unbound fraction of diazepam in plasma (range, 0.9% to 2.7%) did not depend on sex, but was greater in the elderly than in the young. In part this related to lower plasma albumin concentrations in the elderly. After correction of kinetic data for individual differences in free fraction, Vd was larger in the females than in the males, but the effect of age was small. Clearance of unbound diazepam (intrinsic clearance) tended to be higher in the females than in the males of both age groups, and was higher in the young than in the elderly of both sexes (male: 29.9 and 14.9 ml/min/kg, p less than 0.005; female: 43.6 and 28.0 ml/min/kg, p less than 0.05). Smoking was associated with higher clearance values, particularly among young subjects. PMID- 7357788 TI - Protein binding of several drugs in serum and plasma of healthy subjects. AB - The protein binding of phenytoin, propranolol, salicylic acid, warfarin, and bilirubin was determined in heparinized plasma and serum obtained from the same healthy adult subjects. There were no significant differences in the free fraction values of these compounds in plasma and serum. Addition of heparin to serum had no significant effect on protein binding. Contact with Vacutainer stoppers increased the free fraction of the weak base propranolol in serum and plasma but no significant effect on the protein binding of the other, weakly acidic compounds tested. The lack of differences in the protein binding of phenytoin, salicylic acid, warfarin, and bilirubin in human plasma and serum is in contrast with the pronounced differences observed previously in rat serum and plasma. PMID- 7357790 TI - Hemodynamic evaluation of hydralazine dosage in refractory heart failure. AB - Hemodynamic responses to different doses of hydralazine were evaluated in 18 patients with severe refractory resistant heart failure. There were no significant overall hemodynamic effects after 50 mg hydralazine. After 75 mg, CI increased slightly (+0.36 l/min/m2) with a 19% decrease in SVR. After 100 mg, there were substantial increases in CI (+0.60 l/min/m2) and decreases in SVR (31%) changes which were greater than those after 75 mg, but the decrease in MAP with 100 mg (-6.6 mm Hg) was of the same order as that after 75 mg (-5.0 mm Hg). LVFP and SWI improved significantly only with 100-mg doses. Seven patients in whom 100 mg hydralazine induced no hemodynamic effects all responded to single doses of 150 to 200 mg. The duration of action of hydralazine was longer (p less than 0.001) in patients with a CCr less than 35 ml/min (14.3 +/- 1.4 hr) than in patients with adequate renal function (7.9 +/- 0.5 hr). Thus, the dose and dosing interval of hydralazine needed to induce hemodynamic improvement in patients with severe heart failure are variable and require individualization. PMID- 7357791 TI - Lidocaine plasma protein binding. AB - The percent of unbound lidocaine in the plasma of 24 healthy subjects was measured by equilibrium dialysis after addition of 3 microgram/ml C14 lidocaine hydrochloride. The percentage of unbound lidocaine varied from 19.9 to 38.8 (30.2 +/- 5, mean +/- SD) was inversely related to the concentration of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) in the plasma (r = -0.931, p less than 0.001). The binding ratio (number of moles bound divided by number of moles unbound) of lidocaine was directly related to the plasma AAG concentration (r = 0.960, p less than 0.001). The binding ratio of lidocaine in solutions containing AAG but no albumin, prepared from the plasma of subjects in the study, was also directly related to the concentration of this acute-phase protein (r = 0.909, p less than 0.001). Human serum albumin solution (4 gm/100 ml) bound lidocaine to the extent of 20% under the same conditions. There was no relationship between the binding ratio of lidocaine and the albumin concentration in the plasma of the 24 subjects. In 7 normal subjects variation in AAG between 2 samples collected at least 1 mo apart was associated with a concomitant change in plasma lidocaine binding (r = 0.943, p less than 0.01). Thus even in normal subjects there is considerable interindividual and intraindividual variation in lidocaine binding, and measurements of AAG concentration in plasma may be a useful predictor of the extent of lidocaine plasma binding. PMID- 7357792 TI - Metabolism and kinetics of oxaprozin in normal subjects. AB - Absorption, biotransformation, excretion, and kinetics of oxaprozin (4,5-diphenyl 2-oxazolepropionic acid) were examined in subjects after an oral dose of 14C oxaprozin alone as well as before, during, and after long-term administration of unlabeled drug. A single dose of 14C-oxaprozin was rapidly absorbed and the unchanged drug was essentially the only labeled substance in plasma. Recovery of radioactivity in excreta, mostly in urine, exceeded 90%. Major biotransformation routes were glucuronidation of the carboxyl group and hydroxylation of the phenyl rings followed by glucuronidation. Administration of unlabeled oxaprozin did not affect the absorption, qualitative, or quantitative metabolite profile, or recovery of 14C-oxaprozin. Following a single dose, the kinetic parameters for 14C and unchanged drug in plasma were nearly the same. A2-compartment model with first-order elimination adequately describes kinetic disposition. The slow clearance (Clp), 0.08 to 0.12 1/hr, was almost entirely due to biotransformation and the plasma half-lifes, which ranged from 49 to 69 hr, reflected the small Clp. The small volume of distribution (VD beta = 8 to 9 1) indicates limited extravascular distribution. Multiple doses of unlabeled drug, especially when given concurrently, increased the Clp of 14C-oxaprozin. This effect is apparently related to decreased binding of high concentrations of oxaprozin to plasma protein. As a result of increased Clp, steady-state levels are only 40% of levels predicted from the single-dose study. PMID- 7357793 TI - Activity of sulfur-containing intermediate metabolites of spironolactone. AB - The renal antimineralocorticoid activity of single administration of 2 sulfur containing compounds, which are thought to be intermediate metabolites of spironolactone, was assessed in healthy subjects. They were each active in reversing the urinary electrolyte changes indiced by fludrocortisone for 2 to 10 hr after dosing, but only the 7 alpha-thiomethyl derivative exhibited activity in the period 12 to 16 hr after treatment. The activity of both drugs was less than of spironolactone. Taking urinary log 10 Na/K as the best index of antimineralocorticoid activity, the potencies of the intermediates relative to spironolactone were 0.26 (95% confidence limits, 0.12 to 0.49) for 7 alpha-thio spirolactone and 0.33 (95% confidence limits, 0.15 to 0.62) for 7 alpha thiomethyl-spirolactone in the period 2 to 10 hr after medication. We conclude that these minor sulfur-containing intermediate metabolites of spironolactone are unlikely to contribute significantly to the renal antimineralocorticoid activity of spironolactone. PMID- 7357794 TI - Influence of neuroticism on oral absorption of diazepam. AB - The subjects were 24 healthy males, 19 to 21 yr old. Twelve subjects had high neuroticism (HN) levels determined by Maudsley Personality Inventory, and 12 had low neuroticism (LN) levels. Subjects took a single 5-mg dose of diazepam (DZP) after a standardized breakfast. The mean plasma concentration for DZP was significantly higher in HN subjects at 1.5 hr after drug than in LN subjects. No difference was found in the DZP plasma levels of these 2 groups after administering the drug directly into the duodenum through a tube. No clear relationship between plasma DZP concentrations and DZP-induced sedative effects determined by Choice Reaction Time Test (CRTT) was demonstrated in the study. The results suggest that the absorption rate of DZP from the gastrointestinal tract is faster in HN subjects than in LN subjects due to the faster gastric emptying time in HN subjects in our experimental situation, which might have induced mild stress. PMID- 7357795 TI - Intranasal and oral cocaine kinetics. AB - Plasma cocaine levels were determined in 7 subjects after intranasal and oral cocaine. Intranasal doses of 0.19, 0.38, 0.75, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/kg were given as a 10% aqueous solution; 0.38 mg/kg was given as crystalline cocaine HCl. Oral cocaine was administered in doses of 2.0 and 3.0 mg/kg. Intranasal cocaine kinetics were described by a 1-compartment open model with 2 consecutive first order input steps and first-order elimination. Oral cocaine disposition was described by a 1-compartment open model with a lag time followed by a single first-order input phase and first-order elimination. The mean elimination half life (t 1/2) for cocaine by the intranasal route to 7 subjects was 75 +/- 5 min (mean +/- SE). The mean t 1/2 after oral administration to 4 subjects was 48 +/- 3 min. The relative bioavailability [as determined by the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)] for the 2.0-mg/kg dose by the intranasal and oral routes was not different. There was a linear increase in AUC with increasing intranasal dose. PMID- 7357797 TI - Flunisolide metabolism and dynamics of a metabolite. AB - Flunisolide (6 alpha-fluoro-11 beta,16 alpha,17 alpha,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4 diene-3,20-dione 16,17-acetonide) is a potent corticoid used clinically in topical formulations. Three men were given single 2-mg intravenous and oral doses of 14C-labeled flunisolide and plasma and urine concentrations of flunisolide and a major metabolite, 6 beta,11 beta,16 alpha,17 alpha,21-penta-hydroxypregna-1,4 diene-3,20-dione 16,17-acetonide (6 beta-OH metabolite) were determined. Oral flunisolide was metabolized rapidly and extensively to the 6 beta-OH metabolite and to conjugates; comparison in the intravenous dose kinetics suggested significant first-pass metabolism. In a separate study in 12 normal subjects, flunisolide in plasma was quantitated by radioimmunoassay (RIA); average systemic availability was 20%. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd beta) of flunisolide was large and systemic clearance and apparent oral clearance values were high. The 6 beta-OH metabolite had corticoid activities no more than 3 times that of hydrocortisone in rats as measured by thymolytic, anti-inflammatory, and adrenal-suppressive assays, whereas flunisolide had 180 to 550 times the activity of hydrocortisone. These data offer a metabolic explanation for the clinical observation that flunisolide can be administered intranasally and by inhalation in therapeutically effective doses without causing significant reduction in adrenal function. PMID- 7357796 TI - Zomepirac kinetics in healthy males. AB - Kinetics of zomepirac, an oral, nonnarcotic analgesic, were studied in healthy males in 3 clinical experiments. In study A, zomepirac 100 mg was taken as tablet, capsule, and solution. Bioavailability of zomepirac from the 3 dosage forms was much the same. Zomepirac absorption was rapid, peak plasma concentrations being reached within 1 to 1 hr. Plasma concentration profile could be described by the 2-compartmentoral absorption model with an absorption rate constant (Ka) of 7.66 hr-1 t 1/2 = 0.09 hr), a rapid disposition rate constant (alpha) of 0.75 hr-1 (t 1/2 = 0.94 hr), and a slow disposition rate constant (beta) of 0.16 hr-1 (t 1/2 = 4.3 hr). In study B, safety and acceptability were established with 100 mg 4 times a day for 14 days followed by 150 mg 4 times a day for 14 days. Zomepirac plasma levels indicated attainment of steady state within less than 3 days of treatment. There was little drug accumulation on the regimens studied. There was no change in plasma kinetics after 14 days on either regimen. In study C, dose/bioavailability response was followed at 50-, 100-, and 200-mg dose levels. There were linear correlations between dose and peak plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration-time curve, and urinary excretion of intact and total (intact + glucuronide conjugate) zomepirac during the 12 hr following drug administration. PMID- 7357798 TI - Interaction of levodopa and metoclopramide on gastric emptying. AB - Dopamine is postulated as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the alimentary tract. The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of levodopa on the rate of gastric emptying in man and to investigate the interaction of levodopa and metoclopramide (a putative dopamine antagonist) on gastric emptying. On separate days, 7 normal male subjects received oral levodopa, 1,000 mg, and placebo in a randomized double-blind fashion 20 min before taking a mixed solid-liquid test meal labeled with 99mtechnetium(Tc)-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid. Gastric emptying was measured over 90 min by a gamma camera technique. At 90 min, the mean percent isotope remaining in the stomach after placebo, 54.7 +/- 5.0%, was less than after levodopa, 85.1 +/- 4.9% (p less than 0.01). Four of these normal subjects were studied further, and received levodopa, 1,000 mg, and metoclopramide, 10 mg, by intramuscular injection, 20 min before the same labeled test meal. In these 4 subjects, at 90 min, mean percent isotope remaining in the stomach after the combination of levodopa and metoclopramide, 48.5 +/- 2.2%, was less than after levodopa alone, 83.3 +/- 7.0% (p less than 0.05), and in the same range as mean percent after placebo, 47.3 +/- 3.6%. It is concluded that (1) levodopa inhibited gastric emptying of isotope in a mixed solid-liquid meal in normal subjects; (2) metoclopramide antagonized this effect returning gastric emptying to normal; and (3) the data suggest the possibility that dopaminergic receptors have an inhibitory effect on gastric emptying of the human stomach. PMID- 7357800 TI - Calcium carbimide--ethanol interaction. AB - Each of 4 male alcoholic subjects received 0.7 mg/kg calcium carbimide (CC) orally 12 hr before ingestion of 0.25 gm/kg ethanol on 3 separate occasions. The CC-ethanol interaction consisted of increased blood acetaldehyde level and elevated heart rate. For each individual there was small variability in the area under the curve (AUC) values of the blood ethanol level--time course profiles for the 3 experiments, indicating a consistent extent of ethanol absorption. For subjects 1, 2, and 3 there was appreciable intraindividual variability in the AUC and the peak blood acetaldehyde levels of the blood acetaldehyde level--time course curves; the variation in these parameters was small for subjects 4. The intraindividual variability in the peak heart rate response was small for subjects 1 and 2 and appreciable for subjects 3 and 4. Regression analysis of the blood acetaldehyde level--heart rate data for each of the 3 experiments conducted on the 4 subjects revealed that there were positive, linear correlations. There was appreciable intraindividual variability in the slope values for the 3 experiments. The results of this study, conducted on 4 male alcoholics, suggest that for other alcoholic subjects there could be appreciable intraindividual variability in the intensity of the CC-ethanol interaction. PMID- 7357799 TI - Indomethacin and the response to bumetanide. AB - Pretreatment of 8 normal subjects with 100 mg indomethacin decreased the response to bumetanide; cumulative 4-hr excretion of sodium due to 1.0 mg of bumetanide was reduced from 276 +/- 22.9 to 202 +/- 20.9 mEq (p less than 0.003). Effects on volume and Cl paralleled those on Na while K excretion was not affected. When response was analyzed as increment in fractional excretion over basal solute excretion determined from separate control studies, indomethacin decreased response, an effect differing from that of indomethacin on the response to furosemide. The importance and mechanism of the difference in the effect of indomethacin on bumetanide and furosemide is not known. PMID- 7357801 TI - Kinetic evaluation of the propranolol-quinidine combination. AB - The kinetics of quinidine and propranolol, administered singly and in combination, were evaluated in 5 healthy subjects. The orally administered doses resulted in plasma concentrations within the therapeutic range. For each drug the average steady-state plasma concentration, maximal plasma concentration, and time of maximum plasma concentration were not altered by the presence of the other drugs. This study shows no kinetic interaction between quinidine and propranolol in normal subjects. PMID- 7357802 TI - Relative selective action of propranolol on cardiovascular and respiratory responses to isoproterenol. AB - Organ selectivity of beta sympathetic blockade with propranolol was studied in 6 normal men by comparing the cardiovascular and respiration responses during isoproterenol infusions before and after propranolol. Beta sympathetic blockade was achieved with propranolol and was considered present when there was no heart rate (HR) response to isoproterenol during an infusion tenfold greater than that which raised HR 25% during a control period. During blockade there was no change in HR or systolic or diastolic blood pressure during isoproterenol infusions. There was a consistent (p less than 0.05) rise in resting ventilation (+17%), oxygen consumption (+9%), and carbon dioxide production (+15%) with low-dose (raised HR 10% before blockade) isoproterenol infusion during blockade. These respiratory effects of low-dose isoproterenol during cardiovascular blockade were quantitatively similar to that before blockade. With infusion that raised HR 25%, there was a further increase in VE, VO2, and VCO2 before blockade but no further increase during beta blockade. Changes in acid-base status did not explain the increase in VE during blockade. We conclude that there are differences between effectiveness of propranolol blockade of the cardiovascular system and of the respiratory system. PMID- 7357803 TI - Effects of acebutolol and propranolol on left ventricular performance assessed by echocardiography. AB - To assess the effects of acebutolol and propranolol on resting left ventricular function, 21 patients with coronary artery disease were studied. A baseline echocardiogram was obtained on day 1, and in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study the patients received 40 mg propranolo every 8 hr for 1 wk, 300 mg acebutolol every 8 hr for 1 wk, and 1 capsule placebo every 8 hr for 1 wk. On days 8, 15, and 22, after an echocardiogram at 7:30 A.M. (i.e., 7.5 hr after the midnight dose), they received double-blind randomized, crossover medications (acebutolol 300 mg, propranolol 40 mg, or placebo). The echocardiogram was repeated at 1.2, and 4 hr after placebo or propranolol and at 2, 3, and 5 hr after acebutolol. The left ventricular end diastolic dimension, left ventricular end systolic dimension, percent systolic shortening of the left ventricular minor axis, and ejection fraction were determined. We found that there was no significant difference between control values for any of the above parameters and those obtained at 1, 2, 4, or 7.5 hr after propranolol or placebo and at 2, 3, 5, or 7.5 hr after acebutolol. We conclude that in the doses used, acebutolol and propranolol do not induce depression of resting left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease who have normal or near normal left ventricular function at rest. PMID- 7357804 TI - Antiarrhythmic effects of flecainide. AB - A new class I antiarrhythmic, flecainide, was investigated in 10 patients to assess short-term efficacy and safety. All patients were hospitalized for 3 days; no antiarrhythmics were given on days 1 and 3. On day 2 flecainide 1 mg/kg was given intravenously over 5 min. If the predrug arrhythmia(s) was not completely suppressed, additional boluses of 0.5 mg/kg were injected at 30- to 60-min intervals to a maximum of 5 mg/kg. Seven patients received 2 mg/kg, and 3 patients received 1 mg/kg. Before drug 5 patients had premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) (more than 4 per min); 2 patients had atrial fibrillation (AF) with PVCs; 1 patient had both PVCs and premature atrial contractions (PACs); and 2 patients had only PACs. One patient with PVCs failed to respond to flecainide; he was unresponsive to all available antiarrhythmic drugs. In the other 7 patients PVCs were suppressed for an average of 13 hr (range 6 to 24 hr), AF was not affected, and PACs were suppressed. Flecainide did not induce significant changes in P-R, QRS, or Q-T intervals. Side effects were negligible and included a tingling sensation and feeling of skin warmth for 15 min after drug in one patient. PMID- 7357805 TI - Dynamics and kinetics of ophthalmic timolol. AB - Timolol is a beta adrenergic antagonist in 0.25% or 0.5% eyedrop solution for glaucoma. In a double-blind crossover study in healthy males we measured systemic beta blockade, intraocular pressure, and timolol kinetics after the first and ninth 12-hourly dose of a 0.5% ophthalmic solution. Timolol ophthalmic and placebo were each given as 2 drops to each eye with precautions to prevent the normal loss of drug in tears and overflow (high dose) and as 1 drop to each eye with no special precautions (standard therapeutic dose). Exercise tachycardia, measured at 70 and 255 min after administration of drug, was lower at both levels. Postexercise 1-sec forced expiratory volume (FEV1) was not affected. Intraocular pressure measured at 3 and 8 hr after drug was lower at both dose levels. Timolol was consistently present in urine but was not detectable in most plasma samples. Dynamic effects were not greater after the ninth than after the first dose, and the urinary excretion data provided no evidence of drug cumulation. PMID- 7357808 TI - The naloxone test for opiate dependence. AB - Naloxone tests for opiate dependence were given to 296 applicants for treatment with the surrogate opiate levomethadyl acetate (LAAM, levo-alpha-acetylmethadol) and to 103 applicants for treatment with the opiate antagonist naltrexone. Thirty five of the 296 LAAM applicants applied first for LAAM, then following detoxification, for naltrexone. There was a dramatic decrease in withdrawal signs and symptoms when the subject went from opiate-dependent to a nondependent state. From our experience, we devised a scoring guide and testing procedure based on objective signs. We propose a 2-step test, with an initial intramuscular dose, then (if necessary) an intravenous dose, to determine an applicant's eligibility for surrogate opiate or narcotic antagonist treatment. PMID- 7357807 TI - Meperidine disposition in mother, neonate, and nonpregnant females. AB - Whether meperidine metabolism is affected by pregnancy or immaturity has not been clearly established. This is of interest because meperidine is commonly given during labor for pain relief and the fetus receives the drug in utero. Moreover, animals studies suggest that the hormones of pregnancy contribute to decreased activity of the drug-metabolizing enzymes. In our study gas chromatography was used to determine the concentrations of meperidine and normeperidine in the plasma and urine of pregnant and nonpregnant women and in the urine of neonates. Plasma samples were collected for at least 3 hr after a dose of meperidine intravenously to calculate the kinetic parameters of meperidine disposition; urine samples were collected for 3 days. In contrasts to reports on animals, we found that pregnant and nonpregnant women readily metabolize meperidine to normeperidine and excrete both in a similar manner. No significant differences were demonstrated between any of the kinetic constants for peripartum and nonpregnant subjects. The neonate was found to metabolize and excrete these drugs less rapidly. PMID- 7357809 TI - Nefopam and propoxyphene in episiotomy pain. AB - To evaluate relative efficacy, safety, and time course of analgesia, nefopam (45 and 90 mg), a new centrally acting nonnarcotic analgesic, was compared with propoxyphene (65 mg) and placebo in a single oral dose, parallel, stratified, randomized, double-blind trial with 100 hospitalized postpartum women with medium or severe episiotomy pain. Using subjective reports as indices of response, patients rated pain intensity and side effects at periodic interviews for 6 hr. After 45 and 90 mg nefopam, 21 of 25 and 20 of 25 patients (p less than 0.01) reported more than 50% reduction of pain, whereas after 65 mg propoxyphene 18 of 25 (p less than 0.05) and after placebo 11 of 25 reported reduction in pain. Relative efficacy, based on summed pain intensity differences, showed measurable but modest dose-dependent analgesia with nefopam, suggesting that the effectiveness of 65 mg propoxyphene lay between 45 mg nefopam and placebo. Side effects included mild dizziness and hypothermia after nefopam and mild elevation of diastolic arterial pressure after nefopam and propoxyphene. Our results suggest that 45- and 90-mg doses of nefopam induced more analgesia than 65 mg propoxyphene in the relief of episiotomy pain. PMID- 7357810 TI - Effect of hemodialysis on propoxyphene and norpropoxyphene concentrations in blood of anephric patients. AB - Our purpose was to determine whole-blood hemodialysis clearances and the effect of hemodialysis on blood propoxyphene concentrations and of its major metabolite, norpropoxyphene, in anephric patients under apparent steady-state conditions with respect to propoxyphene. Propoxyphene hydrochloride 130 mg was given orally every 8 hr for 7 doses to 4 patients. Blood propoxyphene and norpropoxyphene levels were determined repeatedly during the sixth dosing interval (before hemodialysis) and during the seventh dosing interval (during hemodialysis). There were no statistically significant differences in the areas under the blood level/time curves of propoxyphene and norporopoxyphene during the sixth and seventh dosing intervals, indicating that hemodialysis contributes negligible to their total clearance from the body. The low hemodialysis clearances of propoxyphene and norpropoxyphene were confirmed by direct in vivo determination of their hemodialyzer extraction ratios. Propoxyphene produces much higher propoxyphene plasma levels and higher as well as more persistent norpropoxyphene plasma levels in anephric patients than in normal subjects. In view of their substantive cumulation during repeated propoxyphene administration, their central nervous system and cardiac toxicity at high concentrations, their low hemodialysis clearance, and the apparent sensitivity of patients with renal failure to narcotics, propoxyphene should be used cautiously in anephric patients. PMID- 7357811 TI - Effects of methyldopa on renal hemodynamics and tubular function. AB - To determine the effects of methyldopa on renal function, clearance studies were performed on hypertensive subjects during sustained steady-state water diuresis. The data reveal an acute fall in glomerular filtration rate and sodium clearance, whereas renal blood flow was unchanged. The antinatriuresis was the result of decreased filtration of sodium and possibly enhanced proximal tubular sodium reabsorption. These changes occurred before any demonstrable fall in systemic blood pressure; thus a direct effect of the drug on arteriolar resistance within the renal circulation is suggested. Chronic administration of methyldopa for 1 wk induced sustained reduction in blood pressure and resulted in the same changes in renal hemodynamics and sodium excretion noted after acute administration. These data suggest that methyldopa, like other antihypertensives, reduces glomerular filtration rate and increases sodium retention. PMID- 7357806 TI - Ceiling effect for respiratory depression by nalbuphine. AB - The respiratory depressant capacities of intravenous nalbuphine, a potent analgesic of the narcotic antagonist type, and of morphine were compared in 23 healthy subjects using displacement of CO2 response by a steady-state method as the index of respiratory depression. At equianalgesic doses of 10 mg/70 kg, respiratory depression by nalbuphine was equal to that by morphine. When increments of 10 mg/70 kg were given hourly the dose-effect curve for respiratory depression by nalbuphine was flatter than that of morphine, and maximum respiratory depression occurred after 30 mg/70 kg. In a separate study of 10 subjects nalbuphine was administered in 10 mg/70 kg increments to a total dose of 60 mg/70 kg; doses in excess of 30 mg/70 kg failed to increase respiratory depression beyond that induced by morphine 20 mg/70 kg. A ceiling effect for respiratory depression previously known to exist only for nalorphine was thereby demonstrated to apply to nalbuphine. The respiratory depression of nalbuphine was readily antagonized by naloxone 0.4 mg, nalorphine 10 mg, and levallorphan 1.0 mg. Subjective effects of nalbuphine were milder than those of morphine, and dysphoria suggestive of the psychotomimetic effects of narcotic antagonists was reported only 4 times in 24 subject exposures. The ceiling effect for respiratory depression by nalbuphine provides a unique safety factor among potent analgesics. PMID- 7357813 TI - Deficient metabolism of debrisoquine and sparteine. AB - Genetic deficiencies of alicyclic hydroxylation of debrisoquine and of sparteine oxidation are independently discovered entities, each of clinical significance in its sphere. This paper reports evidence to indicate that these 2 deficiencies have the same cause. Previous investigation of one of the affected subjects had revealed normal oxidative metabolism of amobarbital and antipyrine in terms of both metabolic rates and urinary metabolite patterns. Thus the genetic defect in the metabolism of sparteine and debrisoquine is not a generalized deficiency of drug oxidation or of the cytochrome P450 system. PMID- 7357812 TI - Amiloride, spironolactone, and potassium chloride in thiazide-treated hypertensive patients. AB - Dose-response curves for amiloride and spironolactone were defined in 15 hypertensive patients treated with bendroflumethiazide (bendrofluazide). The relative potency amiloride:spironolactone in correcting hypokalemia was 2.8:1, an estimate significantly lower than the 5:1 potency currently accepted. The relative potency for reduction of plasma sodium was 3.9:1 (amiloride:spironolactone). Amiloride was disproportionately potent in lowering serum bicarbonate, and the data do not suggest that these drugs elevate plasma potassium simply by correcting metabolic alkalosis. Changes in blood pressure were confounded by the presence of carryover effect between treatment phases. Both drugs increased plasma angiotension II and aldosterone, but the rise in aldosterone with spironolactone was smaller than expected from concurrent plasma angiotension II and potassium concentrations. This was consistent with a partial block of aldosterone biosynthesis by spironolactone. The activity of spironolactone did not require the presence of hyperaldosteronism. In a smaller study potassium chloride induced a significant log dose-response on plasma potassium, but the effect was small in absolute terms. At least 64 mmole potassium chloride was needed to match the effect of 20 mg amiloride or 56 mg spironolactone. PMID- 7357814 TI - Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on cefazolin disposition. AB - Cefazolin kinetics was studied in 8 patients the day before (PREOP), during (SURG), and the day after (POSTOP) cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. PREOP (48.6 ml/min) and POSTOP (46.6 ml/min) total body clearances were of the same order and both were greater than the SURG (27.4 ml/min) total body clearance. Since cefazolin is almost entirely eliminated by the kidney, the lower SURG clearance is a result of reduced renal elimination, as confirmed by measuring cefazolin SURG (28.7 ml/min) and POSTOP (52.9 ml/min) renal clearance. The reduction in cefazolin renal elimination was the same throughout the surgical procedure, including the period of extracorporeal circulation. Cefazolin distribution was altered by the operative procedure as evidence by a higher SURG steady-state volume of distribution. This increase in apparent cefazolin distribution volume brought about by surgery was not seen with cephalothin, which was investigated by us in a similar group of patients. The different effect of CPB surgery on cefazolin and cephalothin distribution may be due to differences in plasma protein binding. PMID- 7357815 TI - Intravenous azlocillin kinetics in patients on long-term hemodialysis. AB - The kinetics of the antipseudomonas penicillin, azlocillin, was studied after intravenous injection in 9 patients with creatinine clearance under 7 ml/min. All were on long-term hemodialysis; 3 were also studied during a dialysis-free period. Kinetic parameters were derived using a 2-compartment open model. The mean serum azlocillin half-life (t 1/2) was 1.93 hr in patients on dialysis and approximately 5 hr off dialysis. Thirty percent of the dose was recovered in the dialysate during a 4-hr period. An approach to the use of azlocillin in patients undergoing dialysis is presented. PMID- 7357816 TI - Clinical biostatistics. LI. Quantitative significance and statistical indexes for a contrast of two groups. PMID- 7357817 TI - Eosinophilic gastroenteritis. AB - Eosinophilic gastroenteritis consists histologically of a purely eosinophilic infiltration of small bowel and stomach walls. This is manifested radiologically in the small bowel as a thickening of the circular folds and wall without mucosal ulceration or any other local abnormality, either over much of its length or in a shorter segment. Many of the other causes of pure fold and wall thickening can be excluded by correlation with the clinical presentation so that this condition, although rare, should in the right clinical setting be considered by the radiologist. The typical clinical features consist of cramps, diarrhoea, distension, nausea and vomiting, either as a single subacute episode or with an intermittent history going back months or years, and frequently in a patient with a personal or family history of asthma or other allergic disorders. The eosinophilic infiltration may spare the mucosa in which case per-oral biopsy methods would give negative results. The only means of proving the diagnosis would then be by laparotomy to obtain a full thickness biopsy. However the radiological and clinical features, combined with a therapeutic trial of corticosteroids which rapidly reduce the clinical, radiological and haematological abnormalities, may be sufficient to avert this. The two cases described illustrate many of these features but in addition, unlike most other published cases, they showed neither radiologically visible gastric involvement nor peripheral blood eosinophilia. PMID- 7357818 TI - Ultrasound and dissection of the abdominal aorta. AB - Ultrasonography is a useful non-invasive tool in the diagnosis of aortic dissection involving the abdominal aorta. Three cases are described in which the diagnosis of aortic dissection was established by ultrasound examination. Some of the pitfalls of contrast aortography are demonstrated and the importance of obtaining ultrasound scans in both the longitudinal and transverse planes is emphasised. PMID- 7357819 TI - Sonographic examination of the abnormal scrotum. AB - Sonography of scrotal masses is now being evaluated as an adjunct to clinical examination in assessment of scrotal masses. The accuracy of ultrasound in discrimination of solid and cystic masses cannot be disputed. This paper will report on the reasons for referral, the sonographic diagnosis and effect on clinical management of 20 patients. Lesions examined include hydrocele, haematocele, epididymal lesions, abscess and solid testicular masses. A brief review of current literature will also be considered. An analysis will be made of diagnostic accuracy including ability to anatomically locate abnormalities. PMID- 7357820 TI - Frequency and location of pelvic phleboliths. AB - Pelvic phleboliths were demonstrated in 1000 subjects aged 16--79 years (mean 42.1, s.d. 12.7). They occurred in 44.2% of the subjects, in 37.3% of the males and 50.1% of the females. Among subjects between the ages of 35 and 54, phleboliths occurred more frequently in the females than in the males. In addition the older the subject the greater the number of phleboliths. Their distribution in the pelvic region was not symmetrical. They occurred more often on the left side than on the right. Of the 1582 phleboliths found, 643 were located on the right and 939 on the left. Their distribution suggests the possibility of an aetiology similar to that of other venous disorders. PMID- 7357821 TI - The metabolic effects of abdominal irradiation in man with and without dietary therapy with an elemental diet. AB - The metabolic effects of abdominal radiotherapy were assessed in patients with pelvic neoplasms, and the effects of supplementation of the diet with an 'elemental' diet assessed. Therapeutic irradiation led to significant mean weight losses of 1.4 kg in control patients and 1.0 kg in patients receiving 'elemental' diet supplements. Irradiation was associated with small falls in plasma potassium and calcium concentrations in both groups. In the 'elemental' group there was a small increase in circulating alanine and insulin concentrations and a fall in glycerol and ketone body concentrations, but all variables remained within or close to normal basal reference ranges. Plasma albumin fell slightly but significantly in the 'elemental' diet group from 44 +/- 1 to 42 +/- 1 g/litre during treatment. Is is concluded that modern radiotherapy is no more than a modest catabolic stimulus. Long-term dietary supplementation with 'elemental' diets in ill subjects did not produce adverse effects. PMID- 7357822 TI - Clinical observations on the effects of elemental diet supplementation during irradiation. AB - A study has been conducted to assess the effects of adding an elemental diet as a supplement to a standard low-roughage diet recommended to a group of patients receiving a fractionated course of abdominal irradiation. The supplement was not found to modify patient experience of radiotherapy-induced complications. PMID- 7357823 TI - Oophoropexy and ovarian function in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. AB - Fifty-four female patients under 45 years of age were followed-up for assessment of ovarian function after treatment for Hodgkin's disease. Forty-six patients had oophoropexy performed, but it was found that in only 28 (60.8%) were the ovaries sufficiently displaced from their normal positions that, had an inverted 'Y' field of irradiation been applied, the ovaries would have been spared. In the 12 patients who were treated by irradiation alone (including an inverted 'Y' field), only one patient maintained normal ovarian function. Therefore, it is suggested that oophoropexy and the shielding performed at inverted 'Y' irradiation has proved of limited value in preserving ovarian function further measures should be taken. PMID- 7357824 TI - Giant intracranial aneurysms: diagnosis with special reference to computerised tomography. AB - The clinical presentation, radiological investigations and surgical management of 11 patients with giant intracranial aneurysm (greater than 2.5 cm) have been reviewed. Most patients had signs and symptomd haemorrhage. The most helpful plain film finding was intracranial calcification. This varied from a mere fleck to the classical curvilinear variety. Computerised tomography (CT) scans were available on all 11 patients. All showed a space-occupying lesion of high density. Two types of enhancement were seen following intravenous contrast medium, (a) homogeneous and (b) rim enhancement with or without a patchy increase in density centrally. The CT appearances in some of the cases resembled those shown by other lesions such as neoplasm. Arteriography in almost all cases demonstrated the aneurysm but often under-estimated its size. On two occasions the aneurysm did not fill and the nature of the lesion demonstrated on the plain CT remained unconfirmed. Direct surgical attack rather than carotid ligation was the operation of choice. Most patients responded very well to this treatment. PMID- 7357825 TI - Computer tomographic features of giant intracranial aneurysms. AB - Five cases of giant intracranial aneurysm are reported, all of which presented as intracranial mass lesions. All five aneurysms were visualised by CT scanning as well as angiography. Their CT scan appearances may be sufficiently characteristic to be distinguished from other mass lesions. The poor prognosis when untreated is emphasised, and the results of treatment by carotid ligation discussed. PMID- 7357826 TI - Cervicodorsal injury presenting as sternal fracture. AB - Clinically silent cervicodorsal fracture may occur following upper-thoracic injury in the presence of a characteristic buckling injury to the sternum. Failure to recognise the association may result in gross kyphotic deformity. Three examples are provided, illustrating the role of radiology in the management of this complex traumatic lesion. PMID- 7357827 TI - Renal osteodystrophy: an underdiagnosed condition. AB - With the availability of 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol it is even more relevant to detect the earliest stages of renal osteodystrophy. Sixty-two patients, either on haemodialysis or recent recipients of a renal transplant and 10 controls underwent hand radiography by a standard technique and by a direct magnification technique employing a 0.1 mm focal spot. A comparison of intracortical striations, subperiosteal resorption and soft tissue calcification was made in the two groups and hand score calculated on the non-magnification radiographs. The results were assessed independently by two radiologists. In subperiosteal resorption, the non-magnification technique gave a 6% positive result compared to 47% with magnification (P less than 0.01). For intracortical striations, the non magnification technique gave an 11% positive results, whereas magnification resulted in a 45% positive result (P less than 0.01). Soft tissue calcification was found in one patient only, and reduction in hand score was a rare occurrence. The use of a standard technique only, without magnification, for radiographing hands in patients with renal disease, will result in evidence of renal osteodystrophy being missed in a significant proportion of patients. PMID- 7357828 TI - Arteriography in childhood tumours. AB - Percutaneous arteriography was used as the investigation of choice in 121 children with clinically suspected malignancy on 132 occasions. Major complications occurred in 2% of the investigations and misdiagnosis in 10%. The arteriographic information was complementary to that of other, routine, investigations in 18% (25 investigations) but in 70% it was crucial, either ruling out a malignancy or defining its nature, site and size while also serving as a guide for biopsy, surgical manipulation, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Arteriography can shorten the work-up in childhood tumours, especially those of the abdomen, eliminating the need for less informative radiological investigations. However, the complications encountered confirmed the peculiar difficulties and risks of paediatric arteriography and the need for strict case selection and a high degree of skill. PMID- 7357829 TI - The plain abdominal radiograph in acute pancreatitis. AB - The radiographs of 100 patients with acute pancreatitis were reviewed and compared with 100 controls by two radiologists and a surgeon. Our aim was to assess the frequency and usefulness of the signs described in the literature. Calcification of the pancreas was seen in one case only. Abnormalities of the biliary tree (visible gallbaldder, biliary gas and gallstones) were seen in 10%. The left psoas shadow was more frequently absent in the pancreatitis series. Paucity of gastrointestinal gas although observed in 12 cases was ascribed to vomiting. A more important sign was the gaseous outline of an adynamic duodenal loop which was seen in half of the patients examined in the left lateral decubitus position. Dilated jejunum was seen in 31 cases, associated with sentinel loops in 10 and multiple fluid levels in 25 patients. Dilatation of thet ransverse colon was the most constant colonic sign (18%), but the colon 'cut-off' sign was not seen. It was concluded that the most prominent signs in order of importance are a gaseous distension of the duodenal loop, gas in the duodenal cap, a dilated transverse colon and the sentinel loop. The gasless abdomen is a striking but rare sign and in our series was always associated with severe pancreatitis. PMID- 7357830 TI - Early carcinoma of the ampulla and papilla of Vater. AB - The clinical and radiological findings of 12 patients with early carcinoma of the ampulla or papilla of Vater are described. Endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and hypotonic duodenography are the radiological techniques most suited to making the diagnosis. An irregularly bordered obstruction in the ampulla or papilla is characteristic of carcinoma. The presence of an inflamed, rounded or prolapsed papilla or delayed efflux of contrast from the bile and pancreatic ducts and local inflammatory changes in the head of the pancreas are indirect signs of a tumour in this region. PMID- 7357832 TI - Growth hormone secretion in hypertensive patients: evidence for a derangement in central adrenergic function. AB - 1. In an attempt to test the hypothesis of a derangement in central catecholaminergic function in hypertensive patients, the serum growth hormone and prolactin responses to the alpha-adrenergic agonist clonidine (0.15 mg infused intravenously) and to L-dopa administration (500 mg orally) were evaluated in 15 hypertensive and 15 normotensive subjects matched for sex, age and body weight. 2. Whereas L-dopa elicited a growth hormone response of similar magnitude in both groups, clonidine infusion induced a significant increase in serum growth hormone in normotensive, but not in hypertensive, subjects. 3. Prolactin levels were equally suppressed by L-dopa and did not change after clonidine in either group. 4. The present study adds neuroendocrine evidence to the concept of a derangement in central alpha-adrenergic function in human hypertension. PMID- 7357831 TI - Acid-base changes after cardiorespiratory arrest in the dog. AB - 1. To assess the non-respiratory acid-base disturbance which results from cardiorespiratory arrest experiments were performed on anaesthetized dogs, and circulatory arrest was established either by inducing ventricular fibrillation or by complete occlusion of the great veins. 2. In the first series of experiments (group A) the period of cardiorespiratory arrest was limited to 2.0-3.5 min. It was shown that the nonrespiratory component of the ensuing acid-base disturbance as expressed by the non-respiratory pH was small: in the nine episodes of circulatory arrest after occlusion of the great veins there was a mean reduction in the non-respiratory pH or 0.04 pH unit (range 0.025-0.055), and in seven episodes of ventricular fibrillation the mean reduction was 0.024 pH unit (range 0-0.055). 3. In the second series of experiments (group B) the period of cardiorespiratory arrest was varied from 3.0 to 11.0 min. It was found that the degree of non-respiratory acidaemia was correlated with the duration of arrest but the magnitude of these changes was not large. PMID- 7357833 TI - Fate of vasopressin perfused into nephrons of Wistar and Brattleboro (diabetes insipidus) rats. AB - 1. Iodinated vasopressin was microinjected into early proximal or distal tubules or Wistar and Brattleboro (diabetes insipidus) rats. Sites of infusion were determined by the lissamine green transit time method. 2. Urinary recovery of 125I after proximal and distal injections was 89 +/- SE 1.7% and 94 +/- 1.0% in Wistar rats (corrected for inulin) and 81 +/- 2.0 and 92 +/- 2.0% in Brattleboro rats (uncorrected); injection of hormone into vascular stars resulted in similar 125I recoveries from punctured and contralateral kidneys. 3. Radioactive substances excreted after perfusing proximal and distal sites in Brattleboro animals, and 125I-labelled hormone added to urine from the contralateral kidney, bound similarly to a specific arginine vasopressin antiserum and demonstrated similar radioactive elution profiles after passage through Sephadex G25 columns. 4. Incubation of labelled and unlabelled vasopressin with rat kidney homogenates resulted in similar and complete degradation of the hormone. 5. Results indicate that most of the vasopressin injected into either proximal or distal nephrons enters the urine intact, and no evidence of tubular secretion was found when perfusing vascular stars. Enzymes in rat renal tissue degrade labelled vasopressin, but the ability of the proximal tubule to hydrolyse the 125I labelled vasopressin is limited, especially when compared with that reported for several linear peptide hormones. PMID- 7357834 TI - Serum inorganic fluoride: changes related to previous fluoride intake, renal function and bone resorption. AB - 1. Inorganic fluoride concentrations were determined in serum and urine specimens of 24 subjects receiving a standardized low fluoride intake. Serum fluoride was directly correlated with previous intake and appeared to reflect bone fluoride stores. 2. A positive correlation between creatinine and fluoride clearance was found. However, striking reductions in fluoride clearance, which resulted in increases in serum fluoride, were not usually seen until the creatinine clearance was below 25 ml/min. 3. Parathormone produced an increase in serum fluoride and thyrocalcitonin a decrease, probably by their action on bone. 4. Six patients with chronic increased bone resorption had elevated fluoride concentrations. In five, when treatment was successful, serum fluoride fell. Interpretation of the data from this group of patients is complicated by initially low filtration rates associated with hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria. 5. The sensitivity of the serum fluoride concentration to previous intake, glomerular filtration and the intensity of bone resorption suggests that the human organism exerts no direct homeostatic control over this ion. PMID- 7357835 TI - Creatine kinase-1 is principally inactivated in serum by complexing with immunoglobulin-G. AB - 1. The stability of enzyme activity of the creatinine kinase-1-immunoglobulin-G complex has been determined at 37 degrees C, 4 degrees C and -20 degrees C in heat-inactivated serum and buffer. 2. The complex was formed by incubating creatinine kinase-1 and immunoglobulin G at 37 degrees C for 30 min. It was isolated by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 3. At all temperatures the complex suspended in buffer was about twice as stable as it was in heat inactivated serum. Stability decreased in the sequence of 4 degrees C, 37 degrees C and -20 degrees C. Therefore all isolations of the complex were carried out at 4 degrees C. 4. At 37 degrees C the decay of enzyme activity of the complex was found to be biphasic first order. In serum the Kd values were -0.045 min-1 and 0.0028 min-1, and in buffer -0.023 min-1 and -0.0016 min-1. 5. From column chromatography experiments it was found that between 10 and 20% of the total creatine kinase-1 was involved in the complexing reaction after a 30-min incubation. 6. With this 10-20% proportion it can be calculated that the overall t0.5 for the decay of total creatine kinase-1 activity must be in the range 95 201 min. This finding suggests, by comparison with other published data, that the enzyme-immunoglobulin complex is the main route of creatine kinase-1 catabolism in serum. 7. The difference between serum and buffer decay values for the complex is possibly due to the presence of cystine, urate and other substances in serum, which are additional potent creatine kinase inhibitors. PMID- 7357836 TI - Characterization of the storage material of peripheral lymphocytes in aspartylglycosaminuria. AB - 1. Aspartylglycosaminuria is a neurovisceral storage disease characterized by reduced or absent activity of the lysosomal enzyme N-aspartyl-beta glucosaminidase. Although vacuolization of peripheral lymphocytes is a well documented feature of aspartylglucosaminuria, the chemical composition of the lymphocyte storage material is not known. In this paper we describe the results of glycopeptide analyses of peripheral lymphocytes isolated from the blood of a 29-year-old female patient with aspartylglycosaminuria and from a control subject. 2. By use of a highly specific and sensitive gaschromatographic-mass spectrometric technique, 4-N-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glycopyranosyl-L asparagine (N-acetylglucosaminylasparagine) was found to accumulate in the patient's lymphocytes, but not in those of the control subject. 3. The amount of this compound stored in the diseased lymphocytes was found to be approximately 2.3 nmol/100 microgram of soluble protein. 4. We suggest that this compound is the main storage substance in the peripheral lymphocytes in aspartylglucosaminuria and that it is probably responsible for the cytoplasmic vacuolization of these cells. PMID- 7357837 TI - Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in Fanconi's anaemia. AB - 1. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity was determined in 46 adults, 10 paediatric patients without anaemia and 11 paediatric patients with several types of anaemia. No difference was found in superoxide dismutase activity between adults and normal children. 2. The use of multiple parameters appeared to be important for the evaluation of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity. 3. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in three cases of typical Fanconi's anaemia was markedly depressed, when expressed either per mg of haemoglobin or per number of cells, and its aetiological significance is discussed. PMID- 7357838 TI - Further studies on bone blood flow and age in the rat. PMID- 7357839 TI - Correlation of ethanol concentrations in blood and saliva. PMID- 7357840 TI - Reactive arthritis and genital infection. PMID- 7357841 TI - Cholesterol: good and bad. PMID- 7357842 TI - Antibiotic treatment of infective endocarditis: a changing disease. PMID- 7357843 TI - Neonatal hepatitis B. PMID- 7357844 TI - Poliomyelitis vaccines: an appraisal after 25 years. PMID- 7357845 TI - Antimicrobial prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract reinfections in women. PMID- 7357846 TI - Diagnostic imaging of the pancreas. PMID- 7357847 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. PMID- 7357848 TI - Acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7357849 TI - Complications of pancreatic inflammation. PMID- 7357851 TI - Chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7357852 TI - Update: pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 7357850 TI - Peritoneal lavage in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7357854 TI - Describing the response surface in exploratory two-drug chemotherapy experiments. PMID- 7357855 TI - The use of nonmetric multidimensional scaling for the analysis of chromosomal associations. PMID- 7357853 TI - Pancreatic exocrine function. AB - Stimulation of the pancreatic secretion of water, electrolytes, and enzymes is under neurohumoral control sensitive to the ingestion and digestion of food. Hormones interact to maximize physiologic responses to a meal and to autoregulate pancreatic secretion. Clinical manifestations of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency may result from obstruction to pancreatic flow through the major duct or to destructive disease of the exocrine cells; this insufficiency is a consequence of reduced volume, electrolytes, and enzyme output. PMID- 7357856 TI - Computer Analyses of the excitable membrane. PMID- 7357857 TI - A computer program for the direct analysis of protein binding data obtained from dynamic dialysis. PMID- 7357859 TI - Analysis of electrophysiological signals: a comparative study of two algorithms. PMID- 7357858 TI - A computer system for the intraoperative mapping of ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 7357860 TI - Preliminary remarks on the rationale for psychotherapy of the aged. PMID- 7357862 TI - The use of ECT within the Veterans Administration hospital system. PMID- 7357861 TI - Psychiatrists' evaluations of emergency involuntary hospitalization. PMID- 7357863 TI - Travel and fatigue as causes of partial dissociative reactions. PMID- 7357864 TI - A new look at delusions of grandeur. PMID- 7357865 TI - Limits: short-term treatment of hospitalized borderline patients. PMID- 7357866 TI - Language and schizophrenia: towards a synthesis. PMID- 7357867 TI - The psychological and physical status of chronic psychiatric inpatients. PMID- 7357868 TI - Detection of the pre-ovulatory period using a vaginal probe in the home. AB - Through seven of eight consecutive cycles, a volunteer used an opto-electronic vaginal probe to record at home her daily values of vaginal back-scattering (VBS) of infrared light, at the same time as taking her daily oral temperature (BBT). Under the basal conditions used, VBS reflects vaginal changes influenced by estrogenic hormones. Each of the seven VBS curves showed a characteristic rise and fall during the first part of the cycle, preceding both inguinal pain and the BBT midcycle minimum. Periods of likely high fertility could be defined by two criteria which were applicable to all cycles recorded in this subject, and recognizable at the time of observation. PMID- 7357869 TI - The effect of the intrauterine contraceptive device on the prevalence of morphologic abnormalities in human spontaneous abortions. AB - Spontaneously aborted conceptuses from IUD-wearing patients and prior IUD users were examined pathologically to determine the prevalence of morphologic abnormalities, which had previously been shown to correlate with cytogenetically proven heteroploidy in the conceptus. These abnormalities were never seen in the IUD-associated abortuses while occurring with the same frequency in abortuses obtained from prior IUD users and from non-users. It is concluded that the IUD by itself is responsible for the absence of heteroploidy-correlated structural abnormalities in spontaneous abortuses conceived with the IUD in situ. Relevant mechanisms underlying this IUD effect are discussed. PMID- 7357870 TI - STS 557, a new orally active progestin with antiprogestational and contragestational properties in rabbits. AB - STS 557 (17 alpha-cyanomethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-estra-4.9(10)-diene-3-one) is a potent progestin. This compound was 10 times as potent as the standard levonorgestrel as judged by the classic Clauberg-McPhail Assay. The antiprogestational response is significant when STS 557 treatment starts 2 days before progesterone administration. It does not disturb the priming activity of estradiol. This compound alone is adequate for endometrial priming. Early pregnancy is maintained in ovariectomized does. Administration on day 1 of pregnancy reduces the number of implantations. In comparison with chlormadinone acetate and d-norgestrel, only STS 557 treatment causes complete inhibition of egg fertilization. PMID- 7357871 TI - Further studies on the trichosanthin-induced termination of pregnancy. AB - Trichosanthin (TCS), a protein from the root extract of Trichosanthis kirilowii, terminated pregnancy when injected once in 15-day pregnant rabbits (2 mg/doe) but failed to interrupt pregnancy in 12-day pregnant rabbits even at higher doses. In vitro release of progesterone (delta 4P) from the maternal or fetal placental tissue into the incubation medium was not affected by TCS. When the distribution of 125I-TCS was traced in 12-day pregnant mice, persistently higher concentration of 125I-radioactivity was detected in the kidney. By contrast, in other organs, including the reproductive organs, blood serum and amniotic fluid 125I radioactivity declined between 12-48 h after treatment. The low 125I radioactivity in both the reproductive organs and amniotic fluid suggests a possible barrier between the embryo and maternal blood. It is suggested that TCS might be acting directly on the placental unit, causing fetal death and dislodging of the placenta. Administration of TCS to PD-19 mice or PD-28 rabbits resulted in premature delivery. This effect of TCS in pregnant mice was comparable to the administration of PGF2 alpha. PMID- 7357872 TI - Hormonal effects of the 300 microgram norethisterone (NET) minipill. I. Daily steroid levels in 43 subjects during a pretreatment cycle and during the second month of NET administration. PMID- 7357873 TI - Assessment of injury severity: the triage index. AB - Injury severity scales of proven reliability and validity are essential for the appropriate allocation of therapeutic resources, for prediction of outcome, and for evaluation of the quantity and quality of emergency medical care in differing facilities and over time. Quantitation of injury severity in the field is particularly necessary. Existing scales are too imprecise to permit comparisons of management or systems of care. In this paper, the authors present the Triage Index, a measure of injury severity based on five simple variables observed in a design data set of 1084 patients. The Triage Index has been developed with state of-the-art multivariate statistical techniques, meets the requirements of an interval ranking scale, and has been both validated and assessed for interuser reliability. The Triage Index is proposed as a validated system of early, rapid, noninvasive, accurate patient assessment permitting appropriate matching of trauma victims with available therapeutic resources as a means of reducing mortality and morbidity. PMID- 7357874 TI - Electrocardiographic abnormalities in infants and children with neurological injury. AB - Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities were found in 15 of 20 consecutive children (75%) admitted to the Pediatric ICU (PICU) with central nervous system injury produced by trauma or neurosurgical procedures. The ECG abnormalities included prolonged qTc, U waves, and notched T waves as well as ventricular arrhythmias. The high frequency and potential seriousness of this problem in infants and children suggests that neurogenic ECG changes should be looked for in all infants and children with neurological insults. PMID- 7357875 TI - Issues concerning parents after the death of their newborn. AB - Thirty-five families were interviewed by members of the intensive care nursery staff 2-4 months after the death of their newborn. Of the families interviewed, 74% wanted to review the events leading to their child's death and ask questions about information they already knew. Most families who were interested in the autopsy findings used the results to find out "how normal everything else was." Topics frequently discussed by parents involved feelings of guilt and problems that arose after the infant's death (isolation by friends, somatic complaints, marital and sexual problems, memories of prior losses, problems with siblings and disposal of baby's things). One-third of the families were felt to need continuing emotional support due to their inability to assume previously accepted responsibilities. For many families, the physician may be the only individual who can tolerate listening to their distress. PMID- 7357876 TI - Retrograde pressurization of a medical oxygen pipeline system: safety backup or hazard? AB - Pipeline systems are used in most hospitals today to deliver medical oxygen to patient care areas. Intermittent reports have appeared concerning serious problems and failure with these systems. Mandated reserve systems have not provided the necessary backup at times. This article describes an auxiliary system to supply oxygen in a zonal fashion to wall outlets. The system will function during most failure situations; a hazard is inherent in the knowledge of this technique and will be examined. PMID- 7357877 TI - Myelodysplasia: management and treatment. PMID- 7357878 TI - Association between HLA and diseases: an overview. PMID- 7357879 TI - Cosmetic ingredient labelling. PMID- 7357880 TI - Pruritus. PMID- 7357882 TI - Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis: a new presentation. AB - A fifty-one year old man on chronic steroid therapy presented with a cellulitis erysipelas-like eruption which proved to be histoplasmosis without demonstrable systemic involvement. This presentation deviates from the five previously reported cases, two nodular and three noduloulcerative, all of which presented as a self-limited, minimally tender lesion. PMID- 7357881 TI - Itching purpura. AB - Itching purpura is a benign disorder characterized by the sudden onset of markedly pruritic, purpuric lesions with a clinical appearance similar to the progressive pigmented purpuric dermatoses. The pruritus is severe and unremitting and may lead to depression and loss of sleep. Hematologic and serologic evaluation is normal in most cases. The disease tends to be chronic with exacerbations and remissions lasting over a period of months to years. No current therapy has been uniformly successful in treating itching purpura. PMID- 7357883 TI - Amelanotic melanoma presenting as a pyogenic granuloma. AB - A sixty-two year old man was diagnosed as having an amelanotic of the right great toe after the lesion had been treated for several months as a pyogenic granuloma. Establishment of the correct diagnosis was aided by the finding of a radiolucent defect on a roentgenogram of the toe. Since amelanotic melanoma usually presents as a vascular or ulcerated nodule, rather than as a pigmented nevus, the lesion may be mistaken for a benign tumor. This case illustrates the necessity of histologic confirmation of all presumed pyogenic granulomas. Furthermore, it also stresses that clinical, histologic, and prognostic distinctions must be made between amelanotic melanoma and its pigmented counterpart. PMID- 7357884 TI - An unusual histopathologic response to an insect bite. AB - A lesion with the histologic features of a cutaneous plasmacytoma formed on the cheek of a woman bitten by an insect six months previously. The significance of cutaneous plasmacytoma, its differential diagnosis, and the importance of clinical versus histologic diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 7357885 TI - Pemphigus erythematosus and thymoma. AB - A sixty year old woman was found to have a benign thymoma and pemphigus erythematosus. Her skin disease was controlled with oral and topical corticosteroids. The association between thymoma and pemphigus erythematosus is discussed, and the literature reviewed. Most previous cases have also had myasthenia gravis and skeletal muscle antibodies. This is the first case in which neither of these was present. PMID- 7357886 TI - Ichthyosiform sarcoid. AB - Although acquired ichthyosis may appear in patients with various systemic illnesses, an association with with sarcoidosis has rarely been reported. However, three adults who presented with sarcoidosis and ichthyosiform changes on their legs are discussed herein. PMID- 7357887 TI - Retrospective analysis of a modified Goeckerman regimen for the treatment of psoriasis. AB - The records of all patients treated at Mount Sinai Medical Center of Greater Miami with a modified Goeckerman regimen from 1972 to 1977 were analyzed. When a stringent definition of "clearing" was applied, it was found that approximately half of the patients were cleared of their psoriasis on this regimen and that the time the patients remained clear following treatment averaged 125 days. The mean number of treatments required for clearing was twenty-four which is in the same range as reported for PUVA therapy. For those patients that cleared, this average number of treatments was a more important variable than the time over which the treatments were administered. PMID- 7357888 TI - The Noah Worcester Dermatological Society. PMID- 7357889 TI - Lymphogranuloma venereum. PMID- 7357890 TI - Werner's syndrome. AB - A typical patient with this uncommon premature aging syndrome was followed over a period of four and a half years until his death. He presented the characteristic clinical features, as well as the complications, of Werner's syndrome. About one hundred forty cases of this recessively inherited syndrome have been reported. Most patients become recognizable in their thirties by their short stature, typical facies, premature graying, hair loss, cataracts, atrophy of skin and subcutaneous tissue, and acral sclerosis. Advanced peripheral vascular disease occurs early; angina, skin cancer, diabetes mellitus, and internal malignancy are common. Most patients die before the age of fifty years either from complications of anteriosclerotic vascular disease or malignancy. PMID- 7357891 TI - Basal cell epitheliomas developing in a localized linear epidermal nevus. AB - A case is presented of a fifty-seven year old white man in whom an early basal cell epithelioma as well as a large ulcerated pigmented basal cell epithelioma developed from a pre-existing localized linear epidermal nevus in which there were no abnormal pilosebaceous complexes. The transition stages from a localized purely epidermal nevus to an early basal cell epithelioma and finally to a large ulcerated pigmented basal cell epithelioma are clearly illustrated, and clinicians should be alerted to the fact that this sequence of events may rarely occur. PMID- 7357892 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis. AB - The exact nature of lymphomatoid granulomatosis remains unclear. Whether it represents a viral infection, an autoimmune disorder (possibly induced by a virus), or primary malignant lymphoma, is still to be determined. The histopathology and clinical course allows classification of lymphomatoid granulomatosis as a distinct entity. Unfortunately, there is no consistently effective therapy for this condition and the usual course is rapidly downhill, though temporary remissions may be obtained. Since presentation of these patients with cutaneous lesions is not unusual, dermatologists must be alert to the possibility of an underlying systemic vasculitis in patients with atypical cutaneous ulceration, especially when no obvious cause is apparent. PMID- 7357893 TI - Xeroderma pigmentosum and mucocutaneous malignancies in three black siblings. PMID- 7357894 TI - Topical corticoid therapy: a round table discussion. Part IV. The proper role of urea in managing skin disease. PMID- 7357895 TI - Course and prognosis of patients with chronic airways obstruction. PMID- 7357896 TI - The influence of bronchitis and asthma in infancy and childhood on lung function in schoolchildren. PMID- 7357897 TI - The role of air pollution, smoking and respiratory illnesses in childhood in the development of chronic bronchitis. PMID- 7357898 TI - Multiple factors in airways obstruction. PMID- 7357899 TI - A longitudinal study of smokers and nonsmokers. 5-6 year follow-up using spirometry and the single breath N2 test. PMID- 7357900 TI - Airways reactivity and functional deterioration in relatives of COPD patients. PMID- 7357901 TI - Eleven year follow-up evaluation of a random population including patients with chronic bronchitis and chronic airflow limitation. PMID- 7357902 TI - Impaired mucociliary transport as a pathogenetic factor in obstructive pulmonary diseases. PMID- 7357903 TI - Differences between particulate and peptide stimuli on activation of oxidant production in alveolar macrophages. PMID- 7357904 TI - The alveolar macrophage as a mediator of tobacco-induced lung injury. PMID- 7357905 TI - Mechanism by which cigarette smoke attracts polymorphonuclear leukocytes to lung. PMID- 7357906 TI - Development of a hemagglutination assay to measure elastin fragments and antielastin antibodies. PMID- 7357907 TI - Structure and function of small airways. PMID- 7357908 TI - Simple tests in the diagnosis of emphysema and airway narrowing. PMID- 7357909 TI - Reevaluation of tests of small airways function. PMID- 7357910 TI - Sensitivity of variables derived from the single breath nitrogen test in smokers. PMID- 7357911 TI - Peripheral function and spirometry in male smokers and exsmokers. PMID- 7357912 TI - Measurement of Alveolar gas compression to detect mild airway obstruction. PMID- 7357913 TI - The control of breathing in COPD. PMID- 7357915 TI - Elastic and resistive loading in chronic obstructive lung disease. PMID- 7357914 TI - Time course of the effects of an inhaled bronchodilator on gas distribution and ventilatory efficiency in patients with COPD. PMID- 7357916 TI - Interaction between chemical ventilatory drive and respiratory compensation for flow-resistive loading. PMID- 7357917 TI - Dyspnea in chronic airways obstruction. PMID- 7357918 TI - Intercostal muscle activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 7357919 TI - Control of hyperpnea associated with increased dispersion of Va/Q. PMID- 7357921 TI - Long-term outpatient oxygen therapy in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 7357920 TI - Effect of steady state exercise on right and left ventricular performance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Noninvasive assessment by radionuclide angiocardiography. PMID- 7357922 TI - Nocturnal hypoxemia and long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy in "blue and bloated" bronchitics. Physiopathologic correlations. PMID- 7357924 TI - Brain dysfunction in COPD. PMID- 7357923 TI - Effect of 15 hours per day oxygen therapy on patients with chronic airways obstruction. PMID- 7357926 TI - Ten year follow-up of a comprehensive rehabilitation program for severe COPD. PMID- 7357925 TI - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; socioemotional adjustment and life quality. PMID- 7357927 TI - Methylprednisolone improves chronic bronchitics with acute respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 7357928 TI - Long-term patterns of obstructive lung disease in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7357929 TI - Prevalence and severity of morphologic emphysema and bronchitis in non-textile and cotton-textile workers. PMID- 7357930 TI - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conference summary. PMID- 7357931 TI - Chest--the cardiopulmonary journal. PMID- 7357932 TI - Radionuclide assessment of right and left ventricular function by multiple gated acquisition cardiac imaging. PMID- 7357933 TI - Effects of smoke inhalation. PMID- 7357935 TI - The risk of cardiac complications in surgical patients with bifascicular block. A clinical and electrophysiologic study in 98 patients. PMID- 7357934 TI - Predicting loss of pulmonary function after pulmonary resection for bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Studies of regional pulmonary function using radioactive 133xenon gas and spirometric tests (forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second) were performed before and after unilateral pulmonary resection for cancer of the lung. Ninety-one patients were evaluated; 47 underwent total pneumonectomy, and 44 underwent lobectomy. The postoperative serial evaluations were classified into short-term and long-term studies (less than or more than three months, respectively). The preoperative and postoperative data were utilized to derive formulas for predicting an estimate of the overall functional loss after pulmonary resection based on the number of segments removed. The correlation between the predicted and measured postoperative values was good for resections involving more than three segments (r = 0.83). Prediction for smaller resections was unreliable. While both regional and overall pulmonary functions were relatively stable after pneumonectomy, there was a disproportionate early loss, followed by significant functional improvement with time following lobectomy. The anticipation of and preparation for this early loss of function may be crucial in the treatment of these patients. PMID- 7357936 TI - Sleep monitoring; an increase in demand and a decrease in invasiveness. PMID- 7357937 TI - Use of the respiratory magnetometer in diagnosis and classification of sleep apnea. AB - Seventeen patients with sleep apnea were studied with reference to the frequency and duration of apneic episodies, the mechanism of the apnea and the extent to which oxygen saturation was depressed by the apnea. In all patients, esophageal pressure was recorded simultaneously with respiratory magnetometer records of rib cage and abdominal motion. Thermistor records from the nose and mouth indicated the presence of apnea. Nine patients had purely obstructive apnea and eight a mixture of central and obstructive apnea. In all instances the magnetometer records alone permitted distinction between obstructive and central apnea. Inspiratory efforts against an occluded airway produced a very different pattern of motion when compared to unobstructed breathing or to central apnea. We propose that magnetometer monitoring of thoracoabdominal motion indicates upper airway obstruction reliably and provides a noninvasive and thus more acceptable alternative to esophageal pressure recording for detecting upper airway obstructive apnea. PMID- 7357938 TI - Combinations of four physical signs as indicators of ventilatory abnormality in obstructive pulmonary syndromes. PMID- 7357939 TI - Single dose exercise and redistribution 201thallium scanning in the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia and coronary artery disease. Comparison with exercise and rest electrocardiography, coronary arteriography and left ventriculography. PMID- 7357940 TI - Acute and chronic effects of fire fighting on pulmonary function. AB - The acute and chronic effects of fire fighting on pulmonary function were studied in 54 fire fighters from Connecticut, 32 smokers and 22 nonsmokers. Baseline studies of maximum expiratory flow-volume curves while breathing air and a mixture of 80 percent helium and 20 percent oxygen revealed obstruction of the small airways in 35 percent (nine) of 26 smokers and 13 percent (two) of 15 nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking appears to be a major contributor to obstruction of the airways in fire fighters. In the nonsmoking group, disease of the small airways was present only in fire fighters with at least 25 years of fire fighting, and none of them had respiratory complaints. In seven fire fighters retested immediately following mild exposure to a fire in a building, no significant changes in pulmonary function were noted. One fire fighter trapped in a fire in a basement had a high level of carboxyhemoglobin (42 percent) and developed a severe obstructive ventilatory defect which persists 2 1/2 years after the fire. The significance of disease of the small airways in fire fighters with chronic exposure remains to be elucidated with long-term studies; however, acute significant exposure may be associated with irreversible pulmonary injury in fire fighters. PMID- 7357941 TI - Echocardiographic control of Swan-Ganz catheters. AB - In 68 patients, subxiphoidal, percordial, and suprasternal echocardiography was used to trace the Swan-Ganz catheter during its passage to the pulmonary artery and to localize its position. The localization of the catheter could be exactly identified in 62 out of 68 patients in whom we managed to obtain a suprasternal echocardiogram. In one patient, the catheter was found (by chest x-ray film) in the left pulmonary artery (LPA) and was regarded to be in the right pulmonary artery according to suprasternal echocardiography. In two patients, the catheter could not be localized by suprasternal echocardiography although it was positioned in the LPA. In three patients, the catheters could not be advanced to the pulmonary circulation and were visualized within the right ventricular cavity by precordial and subxihpoid echocardiogarphy. Thus, echocardiography, particularly the suprasternal approach, has proven a safe, reliable, and easy way for position control of Swan-Ganz catheters. PMID- 7357942 TI - Angiographic volume estimation of right ventricle. Re-evaluation of the previous methods. AB - Previous angiographic methods for volume estimation of the right ventricle were re-evaluated by ten cast studies as far as the positions of the right ventricular casts were concerned. The spatial orientation of the right ventricular chamber cavity varies clockwise or counterclockwise, in the normal heart. For right ventricular volume estimation, it is important to analyze the right ventricular casts with rotated positions. The casts were studied by biplane cineangiocardiograms with four clockwise rotated positions, which were 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 45 degrees, and 60 degrees. Simpson's rule and the area length methods were used for angiocardiographic determination of the right ventricular volume. In four positions, four linear regression equations comparing true volumes with calculated volumes had similar values to each other in the two methods. Regression equation comparing true volumes with calculated volumes which contained a total of 40 casts in four positions, yielded a high correlation coefficient (r = +0.98, p less than 0.001) and small errors in both Simpson's rule and the area-length methods. This study indicates that the right ventricular chamber volume can be accurately estimated with only one regression equation from biplane cineangiocardiograms, even when the right ventricular cavity would have been rotated clockwise or counterclockwise. PMID- 7357943 TI - Transbronchoscopic lung biopsy in sarcoidosis. Optimal number and sites for diagnosis. AB - By obtaining five transbronchoscopic biopsies of the lung from each of the right upper and lower lobes, the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made in 36 of 37 prospectively studied patients. The diagnosis was made in all ten patients with stage-1 disease, but seven of the ten showed diagnostic tissue from only one lobe. Only one of the ten biopsies was diagnostic in four of those patients with a stage-1 disease. In disease of stage 2 and 3, there was good correlation between diagnostic biopsies and the radiographic distribution of infiltrates. Biopsies from the predominantly rather than the lesser involved lobe proved the diagnosis in all of these patients, except for the two patients with nodular sarcoid. We conclude that ten biopsies are optimal for obtaining the diagnosis in stage-1 disease; however, five biopsies may be adequate in non-nodular disease of stage 2 and 3 if the biopsies are of the lobe predominantly involved on the roentgenogram of the chest. PMID- 7357944 TI - Nodular pulmonary infiltrate in a patient with Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 7357945 TI - Psychosocial concomitants to rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Part I. Psychosocial and psychological considerations. PMID- 7357946 TI - Triple ventricular fusion in Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern. PMID- 7357947 TI - Cardiac sarcoidosis; a major cause of sudden death in young individuals. PMID- 7357948 TI - Cardiopulmonary effects of fenoterol and salbutamol aerosols. AB - Comparative evaluation of the bronchodilator and cardiovascular effects of cumulative dose of fenoterol and salbutamol (albuterol) aerosols was carried out in an open crossover study on 15 patients with chronic stable reversible airways obstruction. On a weight for weight basis, there was no significant difference in the bronchodilator efficacy of fenoterol and salbutamol; though the heart rates after fenoterol were significantly higher than after salbutamol. Ventricular dysrhythmias requiring premature cessation of the study in four patients were seen with fenoterol; whereas no significant ventricular dysrhythmias were observed with salbutamol. It is concluded that salbutamol has lesser cardiostimulatory effects than fenoterol. PMID- 7357949 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome and gonococcemia. AB - A case of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is described that was secondary to conococcal septicemia. The patient had severe hypoxemia and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. The diagnosis of disseminated gonorrhea was confirmed by the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from one of several typical appearing skin lesions. The patient did not require mechanical ventilation and made a prompt recovery after a regimen of antibiotics was started. The association between ARDS and gonococcemia is extremely rare. It occurrence may be related to unusual properties of the gonococcal endotoxin or to the host response. PMID- 7357950 TI - "Tripolar system" for transvenous atrioventricular pacing. AB - A ventricular inhibited unipolar pacing system in a case of so-called pacemaker syndrome was successfully converted into an atrioventricular sequential system without replacing the ventricular lead. PMID- 7357951 TI - Elevation of plasma MB creatine kinase and the development of new Q waves in association with pericarditis. AB - A 64-year-old woman with an acute exacerbation of chronic relapsing pericarditis had initial clinical and ECG features that were consistent with an acute anterior myocardial infarction. Transient Q waves were observed in the precordial leads, and she also exhibited elevated plasma MB creatine kinase (MB CK) activity. However, the overall clinical and laboratory data, including angiographic and radionuclide studies, suggest that the myocardial damage was secondary to pericarditis per se, rather than ischemic myocardial infarction. This case emphasizes that Q waves and elevated MB CK activity can be seen in association with pericarditis, and this must be differentiated from myocardial infarction secondary to coronary artery disease. PMID- 7357952 TI - Echocardiographic features of cardiac compression by mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst. AB - Echocardiogram of a patient who had retrocardiac compression by pancreatic pseudocyst is described both before and after drainage. Mass of echoes behind the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve and its disappearance after drainage of a pseudocyst have not been described in available literature. These findings mimic left atrial myxoma, and we discuss their differentiation in this case report. PMID- 7357953 TI - Bronchial adenoma resection with relief of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. AB - Experimental airway obstruction is known to cause reflex pulmonary artery constriction, but clinical documentation of reversible bronchial obstruction and vasoconstriction is rare. A soft bronchial adenoma obstructed the left main bronchus, and scans showed minimal ventilation and perfusion on the left. Gas aspirated from beyond the tumor was hypoxic. The adenoma was removed and the lung left intact by means of a skin graft in the bronchial wall. Four months later, pulmonary function was normal, and both ventilation and perfusion of the left lung were normal. Reflex pulmonary vasoconstriction resulting from alveolar hypoxia minimizes systemic hypoxemia and also minimizes alveolar tissue hypoxia in the lung itself. The reflex is seen most frequently in perfusion scans in patients with chronic airways disease. This case in important in that it documents reversal of vasoconstriction after ventilation was restored. PMID- 7357954 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome related to ampicillin sensitivity. AB - A patient with the adult respiratory distress syndrome was found to have an alveolar allergic reaction demonstrated by transbronchial lung biopsy. The clinical course and subsequent skin test reactivity suggested ampicillin as the cause. This is an unusual presentation of ampicillin allergy, and drug sensitivity is suggested as another cause of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7357955 TI - Effects of bronchoscopy on mucociliary transport. PMID- 7357956 TI - Short-course chemotherapy for tuberculosis with largely twice weekly isoniazid rifampin. PMID- 7357957 TI - Pulmonary blastomycosis diagnosed by thoracocentesis. PMID- 7357958 TI - Spontaneous pneumothorax as a presenting pulmonary manifestation of early sarcoidosis. PMID- 7357959 TI - Failure of disposable domes. PMID- 7357963 TI - Heat stroke; modern approach to an ancient disease. PMID- 7357962 TI - Alcohol and the lung. PMID- 7357961 TI - Smoking, the new ACCP Fellowship pledge, and preventive medicine. PMID- 7357960 TI - Ventilatory effects of metoprolol in asthmatic patients after administration of ordinary and slow-release tablets. PMID- 7357966 TI - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease following idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. AB - The rapid development of irreversible airflow obstruction in two nonsmoking women who recovered from acute idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is discussed. Pulmonary fibrosis was diagnosed clinically and by lung biopsy. Recovery both clinically and radiologically was complete. Several pulmonary function studies in both patients showed a typical restrictive pattern (reduced lung volumes and carbon dioxide diffusing capacity, normal FEV1/FVC ratio). Within one year both patients exhibited an obstructive pattern of dysfunction (hyperinflation, gas trapping, reduced airflow measurements). These patients illustrated irreversible airway obstruction following recovery from the restrictive stage of pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 7357965 TI - Small airways and interstitial pulmonary disease. PMID- 7357964 TI - Prevalence of mural thrombi and systemic embolization with left ventricular aneurysm. Effect of anticoagulation therapy. PMID- 7357967 TI - Chronic longterm electrophysiologic study of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. AB - Nine patients with recurrent paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia underwent chronic electrophysiologic studies to delineate effective drug therapy for prevention of recurrence of this arrhythmia. The frequency of attacks of ventricular tachycardia necessitating hospitalization ranged from 2 to 12 (mean 5 +/- 4) attacks per year. Pacing induction of ventricular tachycardia was performed prior to and following intravenous or oral administration of procainamide (eight patients), disopyramide phosphate (nine patients), aprindine (five patients) and propranolol (four patients). Successful drug response (prevention of ventricular tachycardia induction or induction of nonsustained episodes of tachycardia) was noted in six of nine patients (66 percent). Lack of drug effect on the ability to sustain ventricular tachycardia was noted in three patients (34 percent). In addition, a deleterious drug response, manifested by potentiation of ventricular flutter or fibrillation, was observed in two of the three patients who failed to respond to drugs. Chronic drug therapy based on successful response in six patients resulted in cure of ventricular tachycardia in five of six patients (83 percent), one patient having one attack necessitating hospitalization. Of the three patients who demonstrated lack of drug effect during chronic electrophysiologic studies, one died suddenly and two had recurrent episodes of ventricular tachycardia while receiving a drug that did not prevent induction of ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7357968 TI - The effects of acute ethanol ingestion on pulmonary diffusing capacity. AB - Single breath diffusing capacities for carbon monoxide (DLco) were measured in 12 normal supine subjects before and after ingestion of 15 to 30 ml of 95 percent ethanol (ETOH) to determine if alcohol could acutely change the DLco. Both DLco and specific DLco (DLco/alveolar volume) were significantly decreased 90 minutes after the ingestion of alcohol. This change may be due to a direct effect of alcohol on the alveolar capillary interface by possibly interfering with a carbon monoxide carrier molecule. Another plausible explanation for the reduced diffusing capacity after ingestion of alcohol may be redistribution of blood from the lung to the periphery secondary to the hemodynamic effects of alcohol. PMID- 7357969 TI - Recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax; an effective method of talc poudrage. AB - Between January 1977 and December 1978, 24 patients with recurrent or chronic spontaneous pneumothorax were treated in the Hong Kong University Cardiothoracic Centre at Grantham Hospital by talc pleurodesis. Talc poudrage had been carried out under local infiltration anesthesia by a technique that utilizes the Venturi principle and the help of an oxygen injector, used normally for ventilating a patient during bronchoscopy with a rigid bronchoscope. By using this method of poudrage, a uniform application of the powder over the whole pleural surface can be achieved and successful pleurodesis can be obtained in all patients under local anesthesia. PMID- 7357970 TI - Mass ammonia inhalation. AB - The clinical, roentgenographic and laboratory findings, their relationship to each other and to the subsequent hospital course are reported for 14 victims of gaseous ammonia inhalation. Initial physical examination enabled differentiation of a mildly affected from a moderately affected group, but patients in both groups responded well to conservative medical management. PMID- 7357971 TI - Mechanism and time course of the early electrical changes during acute coronary artery occlusion. An attempt to correlate the early ECG changes in man to the cellular electrophysiology in the pig. PMID- 7357972 TI - Gas liquid chromatography; from taxonomy to diagnosis. PMID- 7357974 TI - Sarcoidosis in Japanese and American children. AB - A study of sarcoidosis among Japanese and American children suggests that there are more than the previously suspected number of children with asymptomatic sarcoidosis. The annual chest roentgenogram in Japanese school children detected the majority of these cases, while in the United States, where the annual chest roentgenogram is not required, the majority of children had sarcoidosis diagnosed through symptomatic complaints. PMID- 7357973 TI - Rapid diagnosis of anaerobic empyema by direct gas-liquid chromatography of pleural fluid. AB - Sixty samples of pleural fluid from 52 patients were subjected to direct gas liquid chromatographic studies, and results were correlated with findings from microbiologic cultures. Fourteen patients had anaerobic empyema, 22 had aerobic infections, and 16 had sterile pleural effusions. Multiple volatile fatty acids or succinic acid or both were found as markers of anaerobic infection in all but one instance. Aerobic infections and sterile pleural fluids were characterized by the absence of multiple volatile fatty acids or succinic acid. Infection with Bacteroides, when present, was characterized by a major product of succinic acid. One patient infected with Peptococcus magnus (which does not produce fatty acids or succinic acid) could not be diagnosed by gas-liquid chromatograms. Two patients without anaerobic bacteria in the pleural effusions but who had infections associated with Bacteroides fragilis outside the pleural space demonstrated succinic acid in the pleural fluid. With these exceptions, the presence of volatile fatty acids or succinic acid in pleural fluid was considered characteristic of anaerobic empyema. Direct gas-liquid chromatographic study of pleural fluids is, therefore, recommended as a routine procedure for rapid diagnosis of anaerobic empyema. PMID- 7357975 TI - Tricuspid valve fluttering; echocardiographic features of ventricular septal defect. AB - M-mode echocardiographic features are presented in four patients with membranous ventricular septal defect. The most consistent echo findings in all the patients were the presence of fuzzy, fluttering echoes of the tricuspid valve during systole. More careful echocardiographic evaluation of the tricuspid valve in ventricular septal defect is therefore recommended. PMID- 7357976 TI - Pulmonary infarct: an unusual manifestation of fibrosing mediastinitis. AB - We have recently seen lung biopsy specimens showing pulmonary infarcts in two patients with fibrosing mediastinitis. The patients were young, and in each, the infarcts were the first manifestation of the underlying mediastinal fibrosis. The infarcts had several distinctive histologic features and may have been caused by constriction of major pulmonary veins by the fibrosis. PMID- 7357977 TI - Experimental pulmonary hypertension produced by surgical and chemical denervation of the pulmonary vasculature. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that balloon distention of the main pulmonary artery (MPA) induces pulmonary hypertension that is produced by a neural reflex and to investigate the possible efferent components of its reflex arc. Using a specially designed triple-lumen balloon catheter, positioned under fluoroscopy in the MPA, the hemodynamic responses to MPA distention were studied before and after the following: surgical denervation of the bifurcation of the MPA, chemical sympathectomy (6-hydroxydopamine), 100 percent oxygen breathing, and vagotomy. Our findings suggest that the experimental pulmonary hypertension caused by distention of the MPA is produced by excitation of stretch receptors in or near the bifurcation of the MPA and that the efferent limb of this reflex is predominantly mediated via the adrenergic nervous system. PMID- 7357978 TI - Cavitary mass in the apex of the left lung. PMID- 7357979 TI - Marfan cardiovascular disease without the Marfan syndrome. Fusiform ascending aortic aneurysm with aortic and mitral valve regurgitation. PMID- 7357980 TI - Echocardiographic pattern in an aneurysm of the membranous interventricular septum. PMID- 7357981 TI - Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis. Characterization of free intraalveolar cells. AB - There is some disagreement concerning the nature of the free intraalveolar cells in desquamative interstitial pneumonitis, although the greatest weight of evidence suggests them to be alveolar macrophages. We have obtained these cells by bronchoalveolar lavage from two patients with desquamative interstitial pneumonitis and studied their in vitro antibacterial activity and their ultrastructural morphology. Our results indicate that the free intraalveolar cells in these two patients were alveolar macrophages with normal antibacterial function. PMID- 7357982 TI - Acute hydrogen selenide inhalation. AB - Acute exposure to selenium hydrochloride resulted in severe dyspnea and a pneumomediastinum in a young healthy man. Pulmonary function tests revealed restrictive and obstructive airways disease. Although the patient's pulmonary function slowly improved, subsequent studies revealed persistent impairment. Therefore, exposure to selenium gas may result acutely in severe coughing and wheezing and may lead to irreversible obstructive lung disease. PMID- 7357983 TI - Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy in infancy: a new hypothesis? AB - A case of histiocytoid cardiomyopathy in a ten-month-old boy is reported. Histologic and ultrastructural examinations led us to consider the possibility that the disease, rather than being a focal lesion of the common myocardium as it was heretofore considered, might be regarded as a diffuse lesion on the specific myocardium. PMID- 7357984 TI - Primary pericardial malignant epithelioid mesothelioma causing acute myocardial infarction. AB - A case of primary pericardial malignant epithelioid mesothelioma had an unusual presentation and emphasizes the urgency and possibility of antemortem diagnosis. Postmortem findings with electron microscopic studies document its histologic origin. PMID- 7357986 TI - Reversible central apnea in an infant with cyanotic heart disease. AB - The purpose of this report is to present the findings in a neonate with tetralogy of Fallot and a history of prolonged sleep-related apnea requiring resuscitation. At a baseline arterial oxygen pressure of 46 mm Hg, his preoperative responses to carbon dioxide during non-REM sleep (26.1 and 26.6 ml/kg/min/mm Hg of alveolar carbon dioxide tension [PACO2]) were identical to those reported in near-miss sudden infant death syndrome. Following a systemic-pulmonary arterial shunt, the arterial saturation reached 95 percent, and no further apnea occurred. The prompt normalization of the response to carbon dioxide following surgery (75.2 and 75.4 ml/kg/min/mm Hg of PACO2) indicates that, unlike infants with the sudden infant death syndrome, a low sensitivity to carbon dioxide in infants with cyanotic heart disease may be dependent on hypoxemia and, thus, reversible. PMID- 7357985 TI - 67Gallium scanning in talc-induced pulmonary granulomatosis. AB - We describe a case of pulmonary granulomatosis in a user who habitually injected methylphenidate (Ritalin) intravenously; symptomatic and objective improvement occurred with corticosteroid therapy. A scan of the lungs using radioactive 67gallium showed an increased concentration of 67gallium throughout both lungs. There was a reduction in abnormal accumulation of 67gallium, improvement in the arterial oxygen pressure and the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, and a reduction in the infiltrate on the chest x-ray film two months after the institution of therapy. Before treatment the patient's symptoms and arterial deoxygenation increased despite the cessation of her drug abuse, thus raising the question of a self-perpetuating inflammatory process in a case of pulmonary deposition of talc. PMID- 7357987 TI - Echocardiographic source of early anterior systolic motion in late systolic mitral valve prolapse. AB - The echocardiographic features of patients with parachute mitral valve have revealed the combination of an early systolic movement of the mitral valve and late systolic prolapse. Cross-sectional echocardiographic and angiographic studies showed that the early systolic anterior motion was produced by the presence of a flail scallop of the anterior mitral leaflet in the left ventricular outflow tract. PMID- 7357989 TI - Pulmonary cryptococcosis presenting with multiple pulmonary nodules. PMID- 7357990 TI - Ventilation scan. Use in the evaluation of occult airway obstruction. PMID- 7357991 TI - Rifampin and AFB: yes or no? PMID- 7357988 TI - Estimated and determined P50 values in erythrocytosis. AB - Actual determination of the position of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve (P50) was compared to three methods of estimating P50 in 20 patients with erythrocytosis. There was a significant correlation between determined and estimated P50 values for each of the methods studied. Furthermore, four patients with high affinity hemoglobins were readily distinguished from the other patients by estimating P50. The data suggest that calculating P50 is reliable and may replace the need for actual measurement. PMID- 7357992 TI - Primary cavitary tuberculosis in an infant. PMID- 7357993 TI - Eosinophilia caused by rifampin. PMID- 7357994 TI - Circadian rhythm of ventricular ectopy. PMID- 7357995 TI - Yellow nail syndrome. PMID- 7357997 TI - Coping patterns of mothers of poor boys. AB - Using the same 201 impoverished, urban dwelling black and Cuban refugee mothers from their previous study ""Psychopathology & Fatherlessness in Poor Boys,'' Adams and Horovitz examine the coping sytles of these women. The differing groups of mothers were classified according to their firstborn son's ages, their ethnicity and the presence or absence of a father in their household. Scored according to scales L, F, K, 1--4, and 6--9 of the MMPI, the women were profiled and a descriptive comparison employed. In most instances the null hypothesis was confirmed: mothers of fathered boys did not differ in their coping strategies from mothers of fatherless boys regardless of the family's ethnicity and the boy's psychopathology or age. Of note was the high scores in the ""paranoia'' scale of MMPI, indicating that it may be functional and adaptive to use projection in an urban slum. PMID- 7357996 TI - Psychopathology and fatherlessness in poor boys. AB - The study reported represents an effort to expand an earlier investigation of how psychopathology is related to fatherlessness. The sample (N=201), composed of U.S. blacks and Cuban refugees of white derivation, was controlled for the family's economic class position, ethnicity, place of residence, and for the children's age, gender, and ordinal position and matched with a control group of ""fathered'' children. Instruments used were a mini MMPI (76 items) and the Louisville Aggression Survey Schedule-1. All of the data obtained in the study were supplied by the mothers--both about themselves and their firstborn male child. No positive association between the boys' psychopathology and their fatherlessness was found. Moreover, the data seemingly indicate that poverty exerts a leveling influence that overrides the differentiating characteristics of ethnic and age grouping, family structure, father presence or absence, and liguistic and cultural heritages. PMID- 7357998 TI - Aggression against cats, dogs and people. AB - In order to investigate the nature of animal cruelty in childhood two groups of male psychiatric patients were compared: an Animal Cruelty Group and an Assaultive Group. Most in both groups showed other signs of aggression dyscontrol in childhood. Most in both groups were subjected to parental brutality. Emotional or physical unavailability of a father figure may be a common etiologic factor in childhood cruelty to animals. This may compare with the absence of a father figure noted by several investigators in boys who set fires. PMID- 7357999 TI - Relationships among peers in kibbutz toddler groups. AB - Observations of toddlers in Israeli kibbutzim and interviews with their parents and caregivers, indicate that by the end of the first year the toddlers differentiate among the individual children in their residential groups. In addition, the first focused dyadic peer relationships emerge at about one year. Toddlers in focused peer relationships tend to be in the same bedroom in their group's children's house; to be responsive social partners in peer interactions; and to have parents who have formed relationships with the other child in the peer relationship or with that child's parents. PMID- 7358001 TI - Understanding child with learning disabilities. AB - A knowledge of the characteristics of learning disabilities in children, the theories behind interventions, and the relevant research can guide child welfare practitioners in treatment. PMID- 7358000 TI - A community residence for severely disturbed adolescents: a cognitive-behavioral approach. AB - A family-style, community-based program for severely disturbed adolescents uses a point-and-fine system that combines operant, modeling and cognitive-behavioral strategies. PMID- 7358002 TI - Separation can be a therapeutic option. AB - The current tendency to avoid at all cost the separation of children from their own homes can have a destructive effect on casework practice. PMID- 7358003 TI - Home management services for families with emotionally disturbed children. AB - Home Management Specialists, many of whom have overcome the same difficulties that confront their clients, strengthen family environments and prevent or reduce emotional and financial costs of residential placement. PMID- 7358004 TI - An agency design for permanency planning in foster care. AB - To counter the drift of children in foster care, a decision-making model, based on case-management procedures, was devised as a framework for revised case practice. PMID- 7358005 TI - Unsealing sealed birth certificates in Minnesota. PMID- 7358007 TI - Parents as treatment partners in residential care. AB - Full benefits in the use of parents as treatment partners in the residential care program are predicated upon involving them fully in the many aspects of assessment, treatment and discharge decisions for their children. PMID- 7358006 TI - Parenting among women addicted to narcotics. AB - A preliminary report on a study of patterns of child care by drug-addicted mothers stresses indicators of risk to the infants revealed in the mothers' life styles. PMID- 7358008 TI - An update on social work in day care. AB - The social service department of a major day care provider examines day care's history and goals, and finds new relevance in the setting to the functions of the social workers. PMID- 7358009 TI - Intraspecific polymorphism of sex chromosome heterochromatin in two species of the Anopheles gambiae complex. AB - The Hoechst 33258 banding pattern of the mitotic chromosomes of several laboratory and natural populations of the sibling species A. gambiae and A. arabiensis has been analyzed. A clear intraspecific polymorphism of sex chromosome heterochromatin has been observed. Nevertheless in each species heterochromatic variations fall within a characteristic species-specific pattern. Moreover, while laboratory polulations tend to be monomorphic for a given heterchromatic variant, natural populations exhibit a high degree of intrapopulation polymorphism. The possible role of sex chromosome heterochromatin in controlling fertility and mating behaviour of Anopheles mosquitoes is discussed. PMID- 7358012 TI - Importance of hypertrophy of resistance vessels in humans in different stages of hypertension. AB - One of the causes of fixation of elevated blood pressure are structural changes in the arterial wall manifested at first by hypertrophy of the smooth muscle and later by proliferation of connective tissue. These changes can be evaluated in humans from the degree of vasodilatation during reactive hyperaemia. We found that the inability of adequate vasodilatation is typical for all types of hypertension, i.e. essential hypertension in young and elderly subjects stage I and II, and vasorenal hypertension. On the other hand, in patients with borderline hypertension structural changes do not develop. The inability of adequate vasodilatation in patients with hypertension persists also during a short-term reduction of the blood pressure to normal values as a result of therapy. In patients operated successfully on account of vasorenal hypertension the normal vasodilatation capacity is regained after one year of normalization of blood pressure. PMID- 7358011 TI - Metabolism of the heart muscle during ischaemia. PMID- 7358013 TI - Assessment of capillary functions in man. AB - Capillary functions in humans can be assessed by measuring capillary filtration and capillary diffusion capacity in the extremities. Examination of these two parameters supplements each other and renders it possible to evaluate capillary function from different aspects. As an example of practical use may serve the findings in patients with obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower extremities and in subjects with chronic venous insufficiency. The authors revealed a rised capillary diffussion capacity on obliterated extremities and a reduced capillary filtration in venous insufficiency. It is possible that in both instances these are manifestations of adaptational changes focused on the prevention of oedema formation and on a raised metabolism under conditions of an inadequate blood supply of tissues. PMID- 7358010 TI - Chromatin structure in the unicellular algae Olisthodiscus luteus, Crypthecodinium cohnii and Peridiniun balticum. AB - Isolated nuclei of the unicellular alga Olisthodiscus luteus, the uninucleate dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii and the binucleate dinoflagellate Peridinium balticum were lysed and deposited on grids by the microcentrifugation technique. The ultrastructure of the released chromatin fibers was compared to that of mouse liver nuclei. Chromatin from nuclei of Olisthodiscus luteus and the "eukaryotic" nuclei of Peridinium balticum, appeared as linear arrays of regularly repeating subunits which were identical in size and morphology to mouse nucleosomes. In contrast, the chromatin fibers from Crypthecodinium cohnii nuclei appeared as smoothe threads with a diameter of about 6.5 nm. Nuclear preparations containing mixtures of "dinokaryotic" and "eukaryotic" nuclei of Peridinium balticum also contained smooth fibers which most likely originated from the dinokaryotic nuclei. These and other results demonstrating the presence of nucleosomes in lower eukaryotes suggest that the subunit structure of chromatin arose very early in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell. PMID- 7358014 TI - A comparison of double contrast barium meal and endoscopy. AB - The diagnostic value of double contrast barium meal and endoscopy was assessed in a material of 100 patients with upper abdominal symptoms. Although endoscopy turned out to be more sensitive in revealing pathologic conditions of the stomach, barium meal is by no means obsolete, provided that due attention is paid to the examination technique. PMID- 7358015 TI - Diverticular disease, carcinoma of the colon and diet in urban and rural Kenya Africans. AB - 20 cases of diverticular disease and 12 cases of carcinoma of the colon have been demonstrated in 183 barium enemas in 1 year. These results, along with a dietary survey, show that diverticular disease can no longer be considered rare in Kenyan Africans and that a low-fibre diet is a contributory but perhaps not the only factor in its aetiology. There is probably an increasing incidence of diverticular disease as well as an increasing recognition of it. The incidence of carcinoma does not appear to be increasing to the same extent. PMID- 7358016 TI - Pulmonary and mediastinal xerotomography: a critical appraisal. AB - Xerotomography was performed on 148 patients with proven or suspected tumors of the lung or mediastinum. Retrospectively they were compared to film tomography in 108 cases. In 64 patients, the results of histological examination were also available. Xerotomography proved diagnostically more effective than film tomography in 52 cases (48%), less effective in 6 cases (6%) and about equivalent in the remaining 50 cases (46%). Xerotomography appeared to be more effective in visualization of small peripheral nodes of moderate opacity. Xerotomography has to be a selected second-line technique for special cases, in particular for the study of coin lesions, for the search for cavitations and calcifications and for the study of pulmonary vessels. PMID- 7358017 TI - An impressive false-positive sequential brain study. Case report. PMID- 7358018 TI - Cerebral angiotomography. Preliminary results. AB - The literature on angiotomography is reviewed and that authors' technique is described. Reasons for applying angiotomography are given as well as advices for the interpretation. The advantages are illustrated with some case reports. PMID- 7358019 TI - Tibia valga. A case of symmetrical metaphyseal dysplasia of the lower ends of the tibiae. AB - An unusual case of symmetrical valgus deformity of both tibiae is described. The relevant literature is reviewed and aetiology of growth disparity is discussed. PMID- 7358021 TI - Post-coital contraception. PMID- 7358020 TI - Routine double-contrast barium meal: appearance of normal duodenal papillae. AB - The ampulla of Vater and accessory papilla were demonstrated in 72 and 26%, respectively, of 150 patients examined by routine double-contrast barium meals. A simple technique is described for achieving routine hypotonic duodenograms using intravenous glucagon or buscopan. PMID- 7358022 TI - Should the 'chronic appendix' be removed? PMID- 7358023 TI - Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone affect the endogenous release of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone and the ovarian secretion of inhibin in rats. PMID- 7358024 TI - Regulation of cholesterol and progesterone synthesis in human placental cells in culture by serum lipoproteins. PMID- 7358025 TI - Positive and negative feedback effects of ovarian steroids on luteinizing hormone release in ovariectomized rats following chronic depletion of hypothalamic norepinephrine. AB - The involvement of central noradrenergic mechanisms in the feedback control of LH secretion was studied in ovariectomized rats. Permanent depletion of hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) was accomplished by transecting the ascending noradrenergic pathway (ANP) in the midbrain. A postcastration elevation in serum LH was observed in rats with complete transections of the ANP, and although the rise was somewhat slower than that seen in sham-cut animals, there was no significant difference between the two groups 5 weeks or more after ovariectomy. Both the positive and negative feedback actions of ovarian steroids remained intact after chronic depletion of NE, and animals with transections of the ANP actually had greater responses than sham-cut controls. In addition, phenoxybenzamine, an alpha adrenergic receptor blocker which effectively blocked the steroid-induced LH surge in six of eight sham-cut ahimals, was ineffective in NE-depleted rats. These results support the concept that NE acts as a modulator of LH secretion but is not indispensable for feedback control mechanisms. PMID- 7358026 TI - Liver nuclear protein phosphorylation in vivo and the effect of triiodothyronine. PMID- 7358028 TI - Effect of cycloheximide on thyrotropin-stimulated endocytosis in the rat thyroid. PMID- 7358027 TI - Binding of human chorionic gonadotropin by rat cumuli oophori and granulosa cells: a comparative study. AB - Cumulus oocyte complexes isolated from PMS gonadotropin-primed immature rats bind [125I]hCG. Unlabeled hCG and ovine LH compete with the labeled hormone for binding sites, while rat FSH and ovine PRL are without effect. Since specific binding of [125I]hCG could not be detected in preparations of oocytes from which the cumuli had been removed, it appears that the binding exhibited by the complex can be attributed to the cumulus cells. The concentration dependence of binding is consistent with the presence of one population of high affinity (apparent Kd, 1.4 X 10(-10) M) binding sites (223 +/- 33 sites/cumulus cell). Rat granulosa cells bind hCG with equivalent apparent affinity and specificity but contain more sites (2060 +/- 180/cell) than cumulus cells. PMID- 7358029 TI - Kinetics of in vivo nuclear translocation of the male and female rat liver estrogen receptors. PMID- 7358030 TI - Mechanism of activation of steroid receptors: involvement of low molecular weight inhibitor in activation of androgen, glucocorticoid, and estrogen receptor systems. PMID- 7358031 TI - Effect of bovine pancreatic polypeptide on isolated rat liver cells. AB - Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a newly isolated protein found in the islets of Langerhans of many species. No clear metabolic function of PP has yet been determined. We have investigated the possible metabolic effect of bovine PP (bPP) on rat liver cells. bPP had no effect on glucose or urea production when liver cells were incubated with a variety of substrates, epinephrine, or glucagon. In addition, there was no appreciable effect of bPP on ketone body production or cAMP levels. Though species differences between the polypeptide and the cells may account for our results, it would seem that further efforts in the search for metabolic actions of PP should be directed toward possible effects on the periphery, i.e. fat and muscle tissue. PMID- 7358032 TI - New androgen-stimulated proteins in the kidneys of female mice. AB - Testosterone administration to female mice for 25 days produced a 70% increase in total kidney protein in both A/J and C57BL/6J mice. This is in contrast to the known androgen-responsive proteins, such as beta-glucuronidase and alcohol dehydrogenase, which each represent less than 1% of the total kidney proteins even after maximum stimulation. To investigate this discrepancy, we initiated a study to identify major proteins which increase with androgen treatment. Three new cytoplasmic proteins designated T1, T2, and T3 were found in different subcellular fractions of both A/J and C57BL/6J mice. T1 (43,000 daltons) and T2 (60,000 daltons) were found in the mitochondrial-lysosomal fraction of 25-day androgen-treated mice. T3 (54,000 daltons) was found in the microsomal fraction. Each of these proteins increased several-fold during androgen treatment, so that they were easily identified using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By contrast, no major changes were noted in the soluble proteins. A nonhistone chromosomal protein of 54,000 mol wt (T4) was found in chromatin preparations from androgen-stimulated A/J mice. Additional studies with androgen-insensitive Tfm/Y mice and with various hormones indicated that stimulation of the T proteins was dependent on androgenic steroid and a functional androgen receptor. PMID- 7358033 TI - In vivo uptake of estrone sulfate by rabbit uterus. AB - The capability of rabbit uterus and liver to hydrolyze estrone sulfate (E1S) to estrone (E1) was demonstrated in vitro by superfusion of tissue slices with mixtures of [3H]-E1S and [14C]E1. However, capillary barriers or binding factors may prevent the utilization of the blood-borne estrogen sulfate. To evaluate the extent of uptake of circulating E1S by uterine cells, a mixture of [3H]E1S and [14C]E1 was injected into the abdominal aorta of anesthetized rabbits. Shortly after the injection, samples of blood, uterine tissue, and liver were simultaneously taken. Isotope ratios in E1 isolated from these samples were measured and compared. The 3H to 14C ratios in E1 isolated from the uterus and from plasma were similar. It was concluded from these results that blood-borne E1S was not taken up directly by the uterus, since, otherwise, uterine E1 would be expected to have a higher 3H to 14C ratio than plasma E1. The isotope ratios in hepatic E1 were higher than those in E1 isolated from plasma or uterus, probably as a result of direct uptake of [3H]E1S by the liver. PMID- 7358034 TI - Development of presumptive mammotrophs in isografts is dependent on the endocrine state of the host. PMID- 7358035 TI - Evidence for a receptor-like protein for progesterone in bovine ovarian cytosol. PMID- 7358036 TI - Reevaluation of effects of estradiol benzoate on the production of testosterone and luteinizing hormone in the rat. PMID- 7358037 TI - An objective method for the assessment of psychological and social problems among epileptics. AB - Numerous investigators have identified psychological and social problems among epileptics and in many instances, these appear to be more debilitating than the seizures themselves. However, assessment of these problems has most frequently been done by subjective means and when objective tests have been used, they were almost always developed for and standardized on populations other than epileptics. The development of the Washington Psychosocial Seizure Inventory (WPSI) is presented in this paper. After pilot work, 127 adult epileptics were evaluated for psychosocial problems and they completed the 132-item Inventory. Professional assessment of difficulties was made with respect to family background, emotional adjustment, interpersonal adjustment, vocational adjustment, financial status, adjustment to seizures, and medical management. Finally, an assessment of overall psychosocial functioning was made. Through an item-by-item correlation technique, scales were empirically developed for each of these areas and a profile was produced which gives both the absolute and the relative extents of difficulties for each patient with respect to each area. Potential applications for the WPSI are presented. PMID- 7358038 TI - Epileptic seizures during card games and draughts. AB - This paper presents a case of epileptic seizures occurring during card games and draughts. The patient was a 26-year-old man who complained of "arrests of thought" while playing cards or draughts or solving mathematical problems. The attacks, which were very rare in other situations, had begun at the age of 14. Between the ages of 14 and 21 he had had occasional tonic-clonic seizures. Protracted EEG recording showed bursts of 3 Hz spike-wave discharges during the day. Such discharges were very much more frequent when the patient was playing cards of draughts and only these circumstances were subjectively experienced as lapses of consciousness. Various explanations can be advanced for this case. PMID- 7358039 TI - The development of tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of phenobarbital in mice. AB - The development of tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of chronically administered phenobarbital was demonstrated in mice by the maximal electroshock (MES) test. Anticonvulsant activity decreased 50% over a 5 day period. Brain and plasma levels of phenobarbital measured 2 hr after a 25 mg/kg dose of phenobarbital were the same between days 1 and 5, indicating that distributional or pharmacokinetic parameters were not involved. The loss of anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbital is primarily related to the drug's effect to prevent the spread of MES-induced epileptic neuronal activity. In contrast, the anticonvulsant action of phenobarbital on seizure threshold, as measured by the minimal electroshock seizure threshold (EST) test, and on the spread of epileptic discharge induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), as evaluated by the PTZ infusion test, remained unchanged. PMID- 7358040 TI - Antiepileptic effects of melatonin in the pinealectomized Mongolian gerbil. AB - Pinealectomy of the Mongolian gerbil leads to seizure activity. The pineal gland is a major source of malatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine) which may possess a modulatory influence upon neural activity. Melatonin administered in the form of subcutaneous beeswax implants was given to gerbils four days prior to pinealectomy or sham pinealectomy. Beeswax pellets were implanted as the vehicle agent in respective groups. Melatonin-treated pinealectomized animals exhibited fewer seizures than did pinealectomized animals that did not receive melatonin. The results indicate that melatonin has an ameliorative effect upon pinealectomy induced seizures, but the mechanism by which pinealectomy induced the seizures, and the etiology in which melatonin reduces the seizure activity is unknown. PMID- 7358041 TI - Improvement in antiepileptic drug levels following reduction of intervals between clinic visits. AB - Antiepileptic drug levels (AEDLs) may reflect how well patients adhere to prescribed medical regimens. Of 30 patients on stable drug regimens AEDLs were increased in 33% by decreasing clinic visit intervals from a mean of 3.4 months to 1.1 months. The testing situation was applied to patients who had AEDLs in the "therapeutic range" (n = 15) as well as those with one or more AEDLs below "therapeutic range" (n = 15). In the latter group 73% of patients showed improvement in AEDLs. Although a less reliable parameter, verbally reported seizure frequencies were also improved. Overall, the reduction in clinic visit interval could be expected to yield improvement in 46 to 80% (confidence interval = 95%). These patients responded equally well to physician and non-physician practitioners. This technique may be useful as an intervening measure for those patients who are noncompliant. PMID- 7358042 TI - Amygdaloid kindling and the GABA system. AB - The effect of increased brain GABA levels on fully kindled amygdala seizures was investigated in Long-Evans rats. The newly synthesized GABA-transaminase inhibitor, gamma-acetylenic GABA (GAG) administered on four consecutive days (100 mg/kg, followed by 50 mg/kg, i.p.) was found to either significantly reduce, or eliminate entirely, the behavioral seizures normally produced by amygdala stimulation. The effect is seen after the first injection of GAG although its magnitude was greater on subsequent days. Behavioral seizures reappeared 2 to 3 days after termination of GAG treatment. The duration of electrographic seizures (self-sustained amygdala after discharge) was either unchanged or greater on the first day of GAG treatment, but was briefer on subsequent days. The duration of afterdischarges returned to normal levels 1 to 2 days earlier than the behavioral seizures after the termination of GAG. Picrotoxin (1.5-2 mg/kg, i.p.) did not antagonize either electrographic or behavioral effects of inhibition produced with GAG. Electrical stimulation of amygdala delivered during the initial sedation stage induced by picrotoxin resulted in further regression of kindled seizures in the majority of animals. Although in doses employed, GAG alleviates amygdaloid-kindled seizures its use requires caution in view of its ability to reduce arousal level. PMID- 7358043 TI - Translation in vitro of rat brain mRNA coding for a variety of tubulin forms. AB - Prenatal rat brain tubulin was resolved by isoelectric focusing into five to six components (isotubulins 1--6) while in mature brain nine distinct forms were evident (isotubulins 1--9). Tubulin, isolated from various brain regions, displayed different proportions of these nine isotubulins which may result from the heterogeneity in brain cell population. Mature brain mRNA, when translated in vitro, in the reticulocyte lysate cell-free system, directed the synthesis of five tubulin forms, namely isotubulins 1, 3, 4 (or 5), 6 and 7. The mRNA species coding for isotubulins 3 and 7 could be partially separated on formamide/sucrose gradients, while in the absence of formamide the mRNA species directing the synthesis of isotubulins 1, 4 (or 5) and 6 showed differences in mobility. It therefore appears that brain mRNA may consist of five different species coding for distinct tubulin forms. Moreover, a marked age-dependent enhancement in the relative translation of the mRNA coding for isotubulin 7, which is not apparent among the translation products directed by the prenatal mRNA, was detected. Our results indicate that some of the age-dependent variations in tubulin microheterogeneity may be controlled at the mRNA level. PMID- 7358044 TI - [Biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose from D-glucose uniformly enriched in 13C (author's transl)]. PMID- 7358045 TI - Chain inequivalence in bovine methemoglobin. AB - Using pulse radiolysis, a single heme in the tetramer of bovine methemoglobin was reduced within a few microseconds to the ferro state, producing a valence intermediate. The kinetics of oxygen binding to the valence intermediate as well as the re-oxidation of the ferro-heme to the ferric state were studied as a function of pH. The kinetics of the oxygenation revealed the existence of two species, characterized by high and low affinities for oxygen that are associated with two quaternary structures (R and T, respectively). A sigmoidal curve representing a transition between the two states as a function of pH was derived. Above pH 7.7 only the R state could be observed, while below pH 6.5 the T state was dominant. The reaction between the valence intermediate and ferricyanide at pH 7.75 (R state) consisted of two (about) equal contributions (k1 = 23 x 10(4) M 1 S-1; k2 = 2.1 x 10(4) M-1 S-1) attributed to the beta and alpha subunits within the tetramer, respectively. At pH 6.3 (T state) a similar phenomenon was observed (k1 = 69 x 10(4) M-1 S-1; k2 = 3.7 x 10(4) M-1 S-1), indicating chain inequivalences both in the T and the R states of methemoglobin. In the presence of inositol hexakisphosphate the T leads to R transition, as monitored by oxygenation of the valence intermediate, was shifted up to a higher pH by about 0.35. Yet similar rate constants exhibiting similar chain inequivalences have been measured. PMID- 7358050 TI - Characterisation of cucurbitin from various species of the Cucurbitaceae. PMID- 7358049 TI - Studies on the intracellular distribution of Sindbis messenger RNA in infected chick embryo fibroblasts. 2. Non-parallel distribution of 26-S RNA and ribosomes within microsomal subfractions. AB - The submicrosomal distribution of membrane-associated viral 26-S RNA in chick embryo fibroblasts infected with Sindbis virus was studied. Infected chick embryo fibroblasts were homogenized in the presence of low amounts of EDTA and fractionated by differential centrifugation. Analysis of postmitochondrial supernatants by isopycnic flotation on continuous sucrose gradients showed that membrane-associated 26-S RNA and ribosomes were not distributed in parallel, with an enrichment in 26-S RNA in the light microsomal subfractions. This distribution could not be explained by adsorption artifacts. Analysis of the distribution of microsomal constituents on sucrose gradients after treatment with digitonin ruled out the possibility that the 26-S RNA might be associated with Golgi or plasma membranes. The attachment of viral RNAs to endoplasmic reticulum membranes is discussed in relation to its possible role in viral morphogenesis. PMID- 7358046 TI - Arginyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase of Bacillus stearothermophilus. Purification and kinetic analysis. AB - Arginyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus (NCA 1518) has been purified 880-fold to apparent homogeneity as demonstrated by electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. The molecular weight is 59 000 as confirmed by Sephadex G-100 and by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. The enzyme is monomeric, no subunits were detected. Its cognate tRNA induces an apparent increase in molecular weight suggesting the dimerisation of the enzyme. Nevertheless, it is not obvious that the enzyme dimer forms prior to the aminoacylation reaction catalysed by the enzyme. An ATPase activity was found associated to the synthetase but can be neglected because the ATP consumption is too low for hampering the arginyl-tRNA synthetase activity. The order of addition of substrates and release of products has been studied by measurements of initial velocity, product inhibition and dead-end inhibition. The nature of the kinetic patterns indicates that the aminoacylation reaction conforms to the classical concept of the mechanism which includes the formation of an enzyme-bound aminoacyl-adenylate as an intermediate in the first step followed by transfer of the amino acid to tRNA. The first partial reaction, measured by the ATP-32PPi exchange or AMP synthesis in the presence of ATP and arginine, requires tRNA, which is consistent with the model in which tRNAArg is an activator of the arginyladenylate synthesis. PMID- 7358047 TI - Troponin C from rabbit slow skeletal and cardiac muscle is the product of a single gene. AB - Troponin C has been isolated from rabbit slow skeletal and cardiac muscle and the complete amino acid sequence of the slow muscle protein determined. Amino acid analysis and peptide mapping of the cardiac protein showed it to be very similar to, if not identical with, the slow muscle protein. This identity has been proved by the isolation and characterisation of tryptic peptides from the cardiac protein. It seems very likely that troponin C from these two tissues is the product of a single gene, in contrast to troponin I and troponin T which are the products of different genes. The amino acid sequences shows only one difference from that of bovine cardiac troponin C, the highly conservative replacement of an aspartic for a glutamic acid at position 115. No differences were found in the N terminal region where these proteins appear to have a lost one of the Ca2+ binding sites found in fast skeletal muscle troponin C. The possible significance of this finding in relation to the binding of troponin C to the different types of troponin I is discussed. PMID- 7358048 TI - Studies on the intracellular distribution of Sindbis messenger RNA in infected chick-embryo fibroblasts. 1. Presence of extrapolyribosomal 26-S RNA in the membrane fraction. AB - Four hours after infection with Sindbis virus, chick embryo fibroblasts were studied by electron microscopy and cell fractionation. Electron microscopy of infected and non-infected cells revealed that infection produced a disaggregation of polyribosomes into monomers. Apart from this observation most cells appeared well preserved, and no degranulation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum was visible. Analysis of postnuclear supernatants by sucrose density gradients showed that no change in the relative proportions of free and membrane-bound ribosomes was produced by infection. Approximately 30% of the ribosomes and 50% of the viral RNA were found to be associated with membranes. Of the membrane-associated viral RNA, 70% was recovered as 26-S RNA. Similar results were obtained with fibroblasts infected by the temperature-sensitive Sindbis mutant ts2, which is defective in the co-translational processing of the viral gene products at the nonpermissive temperature. Sucrose gradient analysis of membrane-bound polyribosomes solubilized by detergent indicated that as much as 50% of the membrane-associated viral 26-S RNA is not integrated into polyribosomes and that most of the ribosomes are present as monomers or ribosomal subunits. Treatment with puromycin of living cells or of isolated membrane fractions under a variety of ionic conditions revealed that the viral RNA-membrane linkage is insensitive to puromycin but sensitive to high concentrations of monovalent ions. The bulk of the membrane-bound ribosomes were detached by high salt and recovered as ribosomal subunits on sucrose gradients. These results are consistent with the idea that in chick embryo fibroblasts infected with Sindbis virus only a small percentage of the ribosomes are engaged in protein synthesis, and that the Sindbis messenger RNA may attach to endoplasmic reticulum membranes through a ribosome-independent, salt-sensitive link. PMID- 7358051 TI - The structure of cucurbitin: subunit symmetry and organization in situ. AB - The low-resolution (2 nm) subunit symmetry of cucurbitin, the crystalline seed storage globulin of cucurbits, has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The wet crystals belong to the cubic space group F23 and there are 4 molecules per unit cell. The molecules therefore possess point-group symmetry 23 and contain 12 structural units which at this resolution are indistinguishable. On drying, the crystal lattice dimension shrinks from 13.6 nm to 12.4 nm with no apparent change in symmetry. Diffraction patterns of small crystals spun into a pellet, and sections of dry and wet native seed indicate that in situ the protein is organised in microcrystals of the same unit cell and symmetry. Edestin, the crystalline storage globulin from cannabis, and a crystalline globulin from tobacco seed both have the same crystal lattice as cucurbitin and, very likely, the same subunit symmetry. PMID- 7358052 TI - Hemoglobins of an amphibia, the neotenous Ambystoma mexicanum. Complete amino acid sequence of the alpha chain of the major component using automatic solid phase Edman degradation. AB - The primary structure of axolotl (neotenous Ambystoma mexicanum) alpha chain has been determined. NH2-terminal sequence data were performed using the solid-phase method. Complete amino acid assignments were deduced from the sequences of peptides obtained after cleavage with cyanogen bromide; the methionine-containing peptides, isolated from alpha chain tryptic digest, allowing the alignment of these fragments. All overlaps have been clearly established. Axolotl alpha chain contains 142 residues, one extra phenylalanine residue being located at its N terminus, when compared with mammalian alpha chains. The amino acid sequences of this polypeptidic chain and of an other urodele, the newt Taricha granulosa, show 44 differences with only 18 non-isopolar replacements. Homologies between various vertebrate alpha chains are briefly discussed. PMID- 7358053 TI - Oxygen consumption of isolated acini from rat parotid gland. PMID- 7358054 TI - The salivary gland of the cleg Haematopota pluvialis L. (Diptera, Tabanidae): sex differences in the protein patterns and the fine structure of the distal glandular portion. PMID- 7358055 TI - Rotating microtubules as a basis for anaphase spindle elongation in diatoms. AB - The separation of the spindle poles during anaphase in diatoms can easily be explained by contrarotating microtubules in the two half spindles. A model is presented demonstrating that in such a situation, the electron microscopically observed tetragonal pattern of the antipolar microtubules in the overlap region is the only means to achieve minimal frictional resistance. The consequences of the microtubule-rotating concept are discussed to comparison with other models (e.g. microtubule/microtubule-sliding). PMID- 7358057 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction of human blood platelets using serial sections. AB - The typical reconstruction model of an unstimulated human platelet is presented. It shows a strict spatial order of organelles and enodmembrane systems. The surface-connected vesicle system is predominantly found in the periphery. The dense tubules constitute a continuous, interconnected system found just under the surface of the platelet. They are particularly pronounced in the vicinity of the marginal microtubules. All organelles are in contact with the dense tubular system (DTS). Granules, vesicles and plasmalemma fuse into the tubules. The platelet organelles are centrally located. Lysosomal granules are primarily shperical and all of them contain a nucleoid. This speaks in favor of a single type of storage organelle in the platelet. The dense bodies and their remnants (large, solitary vesicles) are not joined by the other endomembrane systems, as in the case of the granules. A particular pathways for the release of substances from these organelles is now morphologically plausible. Mitochondria are small, solitary granules surrounded by dense tubules. Owing to its unique position with the platelet, the DTS's role as a mediating and regulatory structure is discussed. PMID- 7358056 TI - Supranucleosomal organization of sea urchin sperm chromatin in regularly arranged 40 to 50 nm large granular subunits. AB - The organization of the chromatin of sperm nuclei of sea urchin (Parcentrotus lividus and Sphaerechinus granularis) was studied by electron microscopy using thin sections of fixed cells and spread preparations of chromatin obtained after various procedures involving incubation in low salt buffers. In fixed cells and in moderately dispersed preparations chromatin appeared in the form of fibrillar chains formed by closely apposed, distinctly sized granules that were larger than chromatin subunit structures so far described in other kinds of chromatin (mean diameters of particle units determined were 36 nm, in thin sections, and 47 nm, in spread preparations). Upon prolonged incubation in low salt buffer an increasing number of these large granular units was transformed into extended nucleosomal chains (nucleofilaments). Estimations indicated that the large granules contained 20 to 26 nucleosomes, i.e. 4.8 to 6.2 kb DNA, resulting in a linear DNA contraction ratio of 33 to 55, which is in a similar range as values reported for the supranucleosomal chromatin particle of the SV40 minichromosome but greater than contraction ratios of "superbead" structures. The unravelling of the large supranucleosomal granule into the extended nucleofilament chain in low salt buffers seemed to be a gradual process since intermediate stages of variable particles sizes and shapes were observed. This novel type of chromatin particle is considered to represent an example of a naturally occurring globular supranucleosomal packing unit of chromatin which is predominating, if not the only forms of supranucleosomal levels of chromatin organization and in relation to the special DNA content and histone composition of sea urchin sperm nucleosomes. PMID- 7358058 TI - Ultrastructure of pigment granules in the eyes of adults of the ommochrome deficient mutant yellow of the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina. AB - Compound eyes from adult flies of the ommochrome deficient mutant yellow of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, are processed for transmission electron microscopy using conventional methods. The ultrastructure of the pigment granules in the primary and secondary pigment cells is compared with that in corresponding cells of the wild-type strain and of yellow adults raised from larvae fed a diet supplemented with 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK). The pigment granules in both cell types of yellow are shown to be of the "empty" type in contrast to those in the wild-type strain. The pigment granules in eyes of yellow adults raised from larvae fed 3-HK are effectively normalized. The results are discussed in terms of previous electron microscope studies on other dipteran eye colour mutants. PMID- 7358059 TI - Intravesical doxorubicin hydrochloride in the management of carcinoma in situ of the bladder. AB - Intravesical chemotherapy with doxorubicin hydrochloride was applied in 6 patients with flat carcinoma in situ. Tumor remission was obtained in 3 patients. Characteristic changes in cytological preparations as well as in histological specimens could be observed. The possible action of doxorubicin hydrochloride is discussed. PMID- 7358060 TI - Clean intermittent self-catheterization in the chronical management of the neurogenic bladder. AB - 30 patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction were treated with intermittent self-catheterization. Since the application of this method, urine loss has disappeared almost completely and the urinary infection rate has decreased. In some cases there was radiological improvement of the upper urinary tract. In all the other patients no kidney deterioration was found on intravenous pyelography. In most cases the method brought a real improvement in social life. PMID- 7358061 TI - Estracyt therapy of advanced prostatic cancer with special reference to control of therapy with cytology and DNA cytophotometry. AB - 81 patients with advanced prostate carcinoma, mainly estrogen resistant, were treated with Estracyt. After a pilot study had shown encouraging results in the first 39 cases, the preparation was used on a further 42 patients and for 38 of these its therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated according to internationally defined clinical criteria. In this way, an objective therapeutic success quota of 55% of all 38 patients was obtained. In the group with estrogen-resistant tumors the value was still found to be as high as 35%. These clinical results were confirmed by cytomorphological control of the degree of regression of the tumor effected by the therapy, and also by single-cell cytophotometric analysis of the DNA content of various prostate carcinomas treated wtih Estracyt. PMID- 7358062 TI - Renal hypothermia in situ by venous passages: experimental work on dogs. AB - The paper presents the possibilities of achieving regional renal hypothermia by rinsing the kidney venous system with a cooling solution. The cooling solution flows in and out of the kidney venous system through a specially constructed catheter with two lumens while the kidney is deprived of its blood flow. This method of cooling the kidney proved to be successful in rapidly lowering the temperature. The level of plasma creatinine, histological examination of the material, renography and scintigraphy show that our technique of hypothermia is successful and can be easily performed. PMID- 7358063 TI - Complex syndrome in a young girl: Wolfram's syndrome? AB - The combination of juvenile diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, perceptive hearing loss, diabetes insipidus and atonia of the urinary tract and bladder seems to constitute a distinct syndrome. In certain cases delayed puberty is also mentioned but this has not been considered as part of the syndrome. PMID- 7358064 TI - Surgical approach to penile and penoscrotal hypospadias. AB - A two-step procedure for repairing penile and penoscrotal hypospadias using the scrotum tube in situ for urethral reconstruction is described. This method is applicable in both scrotal and perineal hypospadias, but in this case the meatus must first be transposed to the penoscrotal junction. There were five complications--three fistulae and two stenosis of the new urethra--out of 27 operated patients. PMID- 7358065 TI - Validity of biochemical findings in the evaluation of patients with urolithiasis. AB - Urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium and oxalate was studied in 38 patients with urolithiasis on two different occasions, and there appeared to be a good correlation between the biochemical findings in the two samples. All values were expressed per mole of creatinine and it was furthermore demonstrated that the variation in creatinine excretion was considerably less than the variation in urine volume. The calcium/magnesium quotients were calculated in 113 2-hour fasting urine samples and 24-hour urine samples and a good correlation was obtained. Biochemical grouping of the patients was performed by means of the two sets of values and the result obtained was approximately the same in both cases. PMID- 7358066 TI - Inosine: alternative or adjunct to regional hypothermia in the prevention of post ischemic renal failure? AB - Inosine administered into the renal artery improves renal ischemic tolerance. The study was designed to establish the limitations of this measure by comparing its effectiveness with that of regional hypothermia and to test the possibility of combining inosine and hypothermia in prolonged renal hypothermia. In uninephrectomized dogs, the remaining kidney was subjected to 2 h of ischemia under inosine protection; perfusion cooling, or no protection (experiment A), or to 90 min of warm ischemia plus inosine plus 90 min of cold ischemia; 90 min of warm plus 90 min of cold ischemia, or 180 min of cold ischemia (experiment B). Whereas perfusion cooling reliably prevented permanent loss of renal function even after 180 min of ischemia, inosine was clearly inadequate for protection against warm ischemia exceeding 90 min, but effective in shorter periods of ischemia with some unreliability in borderline cases. Inosine protection can be combined with hypothermia in a sequential manner if extended ischemia becomes necessary unexpectedly. For clinical use, however, it seems safer to commence with hypothermia after 60 min of inosine-protected warm ischemia. Simultaneous balloon occlusion of the renal artery and transcatheter perfusion cooling facilitates the clinical applicability of these results. PMID- 7358067 TI - Adaptive behavior in the definition of mental retardation. PMID- 7358068 TI - Interrelationships among three measures of deviant behavior. PMID- 7358069 TI - Science activities for the visually impaired: developing a model. PMID- 7358070 TI - Effects of verbal reinforcement and race on the performance of emotionally handicapped children. PMID- 7358071 TI - Cell motility and cell shape. PMID- 7358072 TI - Thymidine concentrations in human sera: variations in patients with leukaemia and megaloblastic anaemia. PMID- 7358074 TI - Locomotion of cancer of cells in vivo [proceedings]. PMID- 7358075 TI - The inhibitory influence of a metal-plastic implant on cellular proliferation patterns in an experimental tumour compared with normal tissue. PMID- 7358073 TI - Absence of catecholamines in malignant tumors. PMID- 7358076 TI - Axillary IgM (+) lymphocytes in breast cancer. PMID- 7358077 TI - Combined effects of antineoplastic agents and anti-lymphoma allograft reactions. PMID- 7358078 TI - Intratumoral variation of cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptor concentrations in human mammary carcinoma. PMID- 7358079 TI - The locomotory machinery of fibroblasts. PMID- 7358080 TI - Microbiological monitoring of protected environment units. Effects of antibiotic prophylaxis and type of unit. PMID- 7358081 TI - Cytotoxic and cytogenetic effect of nitrogen mustard on EUE cells pretreated with sodium warfarin. PMID- 7358082 TI - Enhanced tumor cure rates by combination of heat and irradiation with a one day interval. An experimental study. PMID- 7358083 TI - The role of spindle microtubule assembly in the control of mitotic timing in Physarum. Induction of a novel type of tubular structure by griseofulvin treatment. PMID- 7358085 TI - Thymidine kinase enzyme variants in the life cycle of Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 7358084 TI - Complete replacement of serum in primary cultures of erythropoietin-dependent red cell precursors (CFU-E) by albumin, transferrin, iron, unsaturated fatty acid, lecithin and cholesterol. PMID- 7358086 TI - Developmental changes in glycosaminoglycans during skeletal muscle cell differentiation in culture. PMID- 7358087 TI - Measurement of intercellular coupling between oocytes and cumulus cells using intracellular markers. PMID- 7358088 TI - Site of action of a polyanion inhibitor of phagosome-lysosome fusion in cultured macrophages. PMID- 7358090 TI - Separation of large quantities of chromosomes by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity. PMID- 7358091 TI - Helical conformation of dense fibres from mammalian spermatozoa. PMID- 7358089 TI - Phosphate-calcium induced fusion of chicken erythrocytes. PMID- 7358092 TI - Electron probe x-ray microanalysis of calcium and other elements in meiotic spindles, in frozen sections of spermatocytes from crane fly testes. PMID- 7358093 TI - Expression of myogenic differentiation and myotube formation by chick embryo myoblasts in the presence of sodium butyrate. PMID- 7358094 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of perichromatin granules. A unique class of nuclear RNP particles. PMID- 7358096 TI - Quantitative analysis of cell cycle progression of synchronous cells by flow cytometry. PMID- 7358095 TI - Distribution of negatively charged liposomes on rat liver hepatocytes and non hepatocytes in cell suspension. PMID- 7358097 TI - The redistribution of fluoresceinated concanavalin A in Chinese hamster ovary cells and in their colcemid-resistant mutants. PMID- 7358098 TI - Development of asynchrony in growth of normal human lymphocytes during first day of culture after PHA stimulation. PMID- 7358099 TI - Induction of adipose conversion by mouse serum in cultured cells and its characterization. PMID- 7358100 TI - Discharge properties of primary auditory fibres in Caiman crocodilus: comparisons and contrasts to the mammalian auditory nerve. AB - Single fibre recordings were performed from the auditory nerve of the caiman, Caiman crocodilus. All neurones were spontaneously active (1-80 imp/s). Clicks evoked multiple peaks in the post stimulus time histogram spaced at 1/CF. At high intensities irregularities were observed. The latencies of the first peak observable were intensity-dependent and related to CF. The number of peaks was correlated with tuning properties of the fibre. Frequency threshold curves were asymmetrical, with low frequency slopes less steep than high frequency slopes. Q10 dB was between 1.5 and 7 with best tuning at high CF. CF ranged from 30 Hz to 2.8 kHz, lowest thresholds down to 5 dB SPL. Intensity functions were nonmonotonic. In isointensity contours the best frequency shifted downwards with increasing stimulus level. At highest levels a response dip was observed above CF. Phase locking, two tone suppression and excitability by combination tones were observed. In comparison to the mammalian cochlea similarities and differences were found. PMID- 7358101 TI - Sleep: a prerequisite for reflex milk ejection in the rat. AB - Electroencephalographic activity (EEG) was recorded from the frontal cortex of unanaesthetized and urethane-anaesthetized lactating rats and analysed in relation to the pattern of milk ejection evoked by the nursing pups. The EEG of the anaesthetized rat fluctuated without experimental intervention between three distinctive patterns defined as synchronized, desychronized, and stage III activity, whilst reflex milk ejection recurred at intervals of about 6 min (range 2- greater than 20 min) throughout the 1-4 h period the pups were left attached to the nipples. For greater than 10 s before and for up to 60 s after each milk ejection, as judged from recordings of intramammary pressure and pup behaviour, the EEG was invariably synchronized throughout. Conversely, milk ejection (n greater than 300) was never observed during long periods of desynchronized, or stage III EEG activity. The vigorous increase in the sucking of the pups at milk ejection failed to produce a desynchronization (arousal) of the EEG as observed with other forms of sensory stimulation. Indeed, the sucking of the pups appeared to produce a soporific change i, the maternal EEG for spontaneous periods of desynchronization were not observed in the 30-60 min following the initial attachment of the pups to the nipples. Similar EEG patterns were seen in the unanaesthetized rat, though arousal from the synchronized state was more easily produced, e.g., by weak auditory signals. Milk ejection, as judged from the behaviour of the pups, recurred at intervals of 2 min or more during each 20-80 min period of nursing. The rat appeared somnolent for most of the nursing period and the EEG was always synchronized for greater than 10 s before each milk ejection (n greater than 200), though her eyes usually remained open. Arousal and desynchronization of the EEG was invariably observed in association with the increased pup behaviour at milk ejection. From these observations and the knowledge that oxytocin release from the neurohypophysis occurs about 10 s before milk ejection, we conclude that a synchronized EEG pattite for the expression of the milk-ejection reflex in the rat. PMID- 7358102 TI - Termination in overlapping sagittal zones in cerebellar anterior lobe of mossy and climbing fiber paths activated from dorsal funiculus. AB - The termination patterns in the cerebellar anterior lobe of one mossy fiber path, the exteroceptive component of the cuneocerebellar tract (E-CCT), and one climbing fiber system, the dorsal spino-olivocerebellar paths (DF-SOCPs), which both relay in the main cuneate nucleus, were compared in the cat. The E-CCT terminates in the ipsilateral half of the anterior lobe in five sagittal zones which overlap five of the eight zones activated from the DF-SOCPs. In at least one zone the E-CCT projection has a somatotopical organization which is similar to and overlaps that of the DF-SOCP. PMID- 7358103 TI - Hemispheric control of unilateral and bilateral movements of proximal and distal parts of the arm as inferred from simple reaction time to lateralized light stimuli in man. PMID- 7358104 TI - Automated analysis of rhythmicity of physiologically identified hippocampal formation neurons. PMID- 7358105 TI - An EEG investigation of decamethrin-induced choreoathetosis in the rat. PMID- 7358107 TI - Biology of sleep. An interdisciplinary survey. PMID- 7358108 TI - Biology of sleep. An interdisciplinary survey. 1. Introduction. PMID- 7358109 TI - Effect of some nitrotoluenes on the biotransformation of xenobiotics in rats. AB - Male rats were treated with phenobarbital, a dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT or 2,6-DNT), or 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (2,4,6-TNT); and the biotransformation of model xenobiotics was determined. Phenobarbital produced a stimulation, and 2,6-DNT produced a biphasic effect in biotransformation. PMID- 7358106 TI - The distribution of interhemispheric projections in area 18 of the cat: coincidence with discontinuities of the representation of the visual field in the second visual area (V2). AB - In normal adult cats three regions with callosal projections from the contralateral visual areas 17, 18, and 19 have been identified at the lateral border of area 18 by degeneration techniques (Sanides, 1978). The visuotopic distribution of these callosal patches has now been investigated by combining anatomical with physiological techniques. The centers of the receptive fields recorded in the callosal patches are located on or close to the vertical meridian in the contralateral hemifield reaching eccentricities of about 15 deg. Some of these fields are of extraordinary size crossing the vertical meridian and covering large areas of the ipsilateral hemifield. On the other hand, receptive fields recorded from the acallosal parts of lateral area 18 may reach eccentricities of more than 50 deg. Thus, the callosal patches of lateral area 18 are wedged in between parts of lateral area 18 which represent the periphery of the contralateral hemifield. It is concluded that the retinotopic arrangement at lateral area 18 (the second visual area) distinguishes this area fundamentally from area 17, the primary visual area. PMID- 7358110 TI - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in type II alveolar lung cells. AB - Type II alveolar lung cells metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as indicated by measurements of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and binding of tritium labeled benzo(a)pyrene to nuclear and cytoplasmic components. PMID- 7358113 TI - Ultrastructural evidence for the innervation of human pulmonary alveoli. AB - Electron Microscopic observations of the biopsied human pulmonary alveoli showed the occurrence of unmyelinated axons in the interstitium near the type I pneumocytes. These axons very likely have sensory functions. PMID- 7358111 TI - Sleep and body restitution. AB - Although human non-REM sleep is usually with body restitution, such an hypothesis is debatable. This sleep, like REM sleep, may have a beneficial role for the brain. Because man demonstrates relaxed wakefulness, body restitution may not be confined to human sleep. However, for active mammals, sleep may be an enforced immobiliser facilitating this restitution. PMID- 7358112 TI - Zonulae occludentes in the epidermis of the snake Natrix natrix L. AB - Zonulae occludentes of a very tight type were identified between the uppermost stratum germinativum cells of the grass snake Natrix natrix L. by means of the lanthanum tracer technique. Since zonulae occludentes alone are not capable of preventing transepithelial water flow, an additional barrier mechanism is postulated, responsible for the low rates of cutaneous water loss measured in squamate reptiles. It is suggested that the observed zonulae occludentes are involved in the sloughing process. PMID- 7358114 TI - Bovine parathyroid catecholamines: a chemical and histochemical study. AB - Bovine parathyroid glands contain large amounts of dopamine (3.4-13.9 pg/microgram), but very little norepinephrine. Fluorescent histochemistry demonstrates only rare adrenergic nerve terminals on vasculature. Single dopamine containing cells, most likely mast cells, are scattered in large numbers throughout the connective tissue stroma. PMID- 7358116 TI - The localization of acetylcholinesterase in the optic lobe in the developing chick embryo. AB - The localization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the optic lobe in the developing chick embryo was studied histochemically and biochemically. The histochemical reaction of AChE increased remarkably between stage 42 and 44 especially in the neuropile. The increase of the biochemical activity of the AChE in the synaptic membrane fraction occurred at a later stage than that in the microsomal fraction. These findings can be interpreted as the result of axonal transport of the enzyme from the synthetic to the synaptic site. PMID- 7358115 TI - Localization of acid phosphatases in the cell fractions of chick liver. AB - 3 molecular forms (P1, P2 and P3) of acid phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.2) have been detected in chicken liver homogenate. The different intracellular localization of these molecules has been demonstrated by cellular fractionation and electrophoretic analysis. P1 and P2 phosphatases are both present in the particulate fraction. P3 is present in a pure form in the soluble fraction. The difference between the enzyme molecules present in the particulate fraction and that in the soluble one is confirmed by the different activation-inhibition effect of various ions and substances on the enzymatic activity of subcellular fractions. PMID- 7358118 TI - Hymenolepis nana: transfer of acquired immunity in mice through sensitized peritoneal exudate cells. AB - Sensitized peritoneal exudate cells from syngeneic donor Swiss albino mice infected with single and repeated doses of viable eggs of Hymenolepis nana produced a significant adoptive immunity in test mice when compared with animals which received non-sensitized (normal) cells. No significant difference was observed among the 2 recipient groups which received singly or repeatedly sensitized peritoneal exudate cells. PMID- 7358117 TI - Rheological and functional impairments in cholesterol-loaded human erythrocytes. AB - Decreased deformability, slightly increased suspension viscosity and retarded oxygen egrees were observed in cholesterol-loaded, human erythrocytes. These functional changes resulted from the decreased membrane fluidity induced by cholesterol. PMID- 7358119 TI - The biology of natural sleep in animals. PMID- 7358120 TI - Effect of surgical sympathectomy on catecholamine concentrations in the posterior pituitary of the rat. AB - Approximately one-third of the norepinephrine in the posterior pituitary of the rat is contained in terminals of sympathetic nerves which originate in the superior cervical ganglia; the remaining norepinephrine and dopamine appear to be in nerves of central origin. PMID- 7358121 TI - Splenic enzyme systems as affected by hypothyroidism during pregnancy. AB - Influence of thyroid hormones on splenic activities and the role of the spleen during pregnancy were not known. The present study revealed that increased enzyme activities of spleen are associated with pregnancy, and hypothyroidism during gestation led to decreased activities, indicating that the thyroid gland influences them. PMID- 7358122 TI - An inexpensive and sensitive method for measuring and classifying activity in small animals. AB - A vibration-sensitive device which is useful in the quantification of activity in small animals is described. In addition to measurement of total energy expenditure for activity, this transducer also allows identification of types of activity (sleeping, eating, active movement). PMID- 7358123 TI - An improved method for the isolation of eosinophilic leukocytes from normal human blood. AB - A relatively short and simple method for the isolation of the eosinophils from normal human blood is reported. With a recovery of about 45-55%, cell preparations, showing a degree of purity of 90-98%, are obtained. The isolated cells are morphologically intact and viable, as assessed by the trypan blue exclusion test and by active phagocytosis. PMID- 7358125 TI - Pathology of sleep. PMID- 7358126 TI - Sleep as part of the integral circadian waking-sleep function. PMID- 7358124 TI - Neural regulation of sleep. PMID- 7358127 TI - Involvement of ribonuclease in the interactions of macrophages and fibroblasts in experimental silicosis. AB - Decreased ribonuclease activity in the supernatant from silica-treated macrophages is associated with the enhanced protein synthesis in granulation tissue slices incubated in this supernatant, and with the decreased degradation of polysomes in granuloma slices and of polysomes isolated from the granulation tissue. The phagocytized silica particles adsorb ribonuclease and perhaps other proteins and thus remove them from the macrophage supernatant. PMID- 7358128 TI - Electrophysiological semeiology of sleep. AB - The main characteristics of electroencephalograms, electro-oculograms and electromyograms in human sleep are described. This electrophysiological semeiology permits the identification of the different stages in normal sleep. In animals, sleep is generally less differentiated; the possibility of recording subcortical structures allows the observation of additional phenomena such as hippocampal theta activity and PGO spikes. Evoked brain electrical activity is less well known than the spontaneous activity in sleep. Recent technological developments offer many interesting possibilities in the processing of the EEG and other physiological signals. PMID- 7358129 TI - Retinol: predominant form of vitamin A in corpus luteum. AB - We could not confirm the results of a previous research group which stated that retinal (vitamin A aldehyde) is present in corpus luteum of bovine origin. On the contrary we establish the occurrence of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) in both human and bovine corpora lutea. Identity of the compound is confirmed by its chromatographic behavior on high performance liquid chromatographic systems (adsorption and reversed phase) and by spectrometric analysis (UV, fluorimetry). PMID- 7358132 TI - Genetic variability in natural populations, evidence in support of the selectionist view. AB - Genetic variability in 6 neotropical anopheline species, analyzed, by zymogram technique, has been described. The results support the 'selectionist' theory of the evolutionary significance of high levels of molecular diversity in natural populations. PMID- 7358130 TI - Some effects of radiation on the free amino acids of adult female Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied. AB - Ceratitis capitata pupae, 2-3 days before adult emergence, were treated with gamma irradiation from a 60Co source. The female fruit flies were extracted and analyzed for free amino acids. PMID- 7358131 TI - A logical approach to the isolation of lactate dehydrogenase isozyme X from human testes: a general rationale for the isolation of homotetrameric LDH isozymes. AB - Immunoadsorbent and oxamate-Sepharose chromatography were used to isolate electrophoretically homogeneous LDH-X from human testes with a final specific activity of 125 IU/mg and good yields: other applications of this appraoch are discussed. PMID- 7358133 TI - Evidence that the prostaglandin-like substances from Propionibacterium acnes are not identical with PGE2. AB - The prostaglandin-like substances (PLS) isolated from P. acnes were investigated by reversed phase chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These analyses demonstrated that PLS were not identical with PGE2, which supports a concept of PLS as a potential mediator of the inflammatory process in acne vulgaris. PMID- 7358135 TI - A study of irrigation fluids for neurosurgery on brain primary cell cultures. AB - Primary cell cultures from newborn rat brain hemispheres were exposed to different irrigation fluids used in neurosurgery. The cells died after incubation for 5 min with hydrogen peroxide, and the number of cells was drastically decreased after 10 sec of incubation. They shrank after incubation in Elliott's artificial cerebrospinal fluid for 3 h, but the viability as determined by trypan blue exclusion test was not affected. Physiological sodium chloride, Ringer's solution and the culture medium 199 with Hank's salt had no noticeable effect on the viability or morphology of the cells. PMID- 7358136 TI - Oenocytes of poultry lice Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis Peters (Phthiraptera:Ischnocera). AB - Oenocytes of Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis Peters, an ischnoceran Mallophaga (Sens. Lat. Phthiraptera) occur either singly or in clusters of 2-6, and do not exhibit any changes in the different stages of nymphs and adults of the 2 sexes. PMID- 7358138 TI - Circadian rhythm of beta-glucuronidase. AB - The circadian rhythm of rat liver beta-glucuronidase has been studied in animals kept under highly standardized laboratory condition. A clear 24 h rhythm has been observed for this enzyme with a peak activity at 01.00 h and a trough at 13.00 h. PMID- 7358137 TI - The effect of postnatal undernourishment on epileptiform kindling of dorsal hippocampus. AB - Rats were undernourished postnatally from birth through 20 days of age. They were subsequently tested for susceptibility to motor seizures kindled in hippocampus in adulthood. Compared to littermate control animals the postnatally undernourished rats were more susceptible to the kindling treatment. We conclude that early postnatal undernourishment has a permanent effect on susceptibility of the hippocampus to electrically-induced seizures. PMID- 7358134 TI - Behavioral phenomenology of sleep (somatic and vegetative). PMID- 7358139 TI - Modifications of female sex chromatin (Barr body) in rat neurons after reserpine administration. AB - 3 groups of rats were sacrificed 30 min, 4 h and 24 h after reserpine (10 mg/kg i.p.) injection. Toluidine blue stained sections showed that in the motor neurons of the spinal cord the drug, at 4 h, had induced a migration of the Barr body from the nucleolus to the nuclear membrane and an increase in its size and RNA concentration. From our findings we suggest that reserpine may have an activating role on X-linked genes. PMID- 7358140 TI - Periodic fluctuation in burst amplitude during 'fictive locomotion' in the cat. AB - In decorticated unanaesthetized and paralysed cats, locomotor bursting may develop spontaneously on hind-limb motor nerves. In defined experimental conditions, the amplitude of successive rhythmic bursts may fluctuate periodically as if a 'secondary oscillation' was superimposed upon the basic locomotor rhythm. The possible meaning of such amplitude fluctuation is discussed in connection with present data about the generation of locomotion. PMID- 7358141 TI - Effects of aluminium hydroxide on restraint-induced and restraint delay-induced gastric ulceration in rats. AB - Rats given aluminium hydroxide after cold-restraint stress but before the 'post stress delay' period, ulcerated significantly less severely and less frequently than rats given the drug before cold-restraint stress or those given water at either time period. Both aluminium hydroxide treated groups exhibited less ulceration than non-drug groups. These data suggest profound parasympathetic and hence, gastric acid, involvement in restraint delay-induced ulceration in rats. PMID- 7358143 TI - Effect of p-nitrophenylglycerol on motility of rat epididymal spermatozoa. AB - Using a convenient capillary tube assay, the antiswarming agent acting on Proteus, p-nitrophenylglycerol (PNPG), was found to have produced an antimotility effect in sperms from rat cauda epididymides. PMID- 7358142 TI - Evidence against a reflex vasodilation in hemorrhagic hypotension. AB - These studies indicate that the loss of skeletal muscle vascular tone following severe blood loss is not the result of a local reflex initiated by tissue ischemia. PMID- 7358144 TI - Semen-elicited accumulation of antibodies and leucocytes in the rabbit female tract. AB - A marked increase in vascular permeability to proteins, including IgG, was observed in the reproductive tract of both virgin and parous rabbit does following insemination, leading to accumulation of immunoglobulins in the tissues and fluids of the reproductive tract. PMID- 7358145 TI - The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on tissue distribution of gentamicin. AB - Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and getamicin were administered to rats i.p. No significant differences in gentamicin tissue concentrations were found between rats receiving DMSO and gentamicin, and rats receiving gentamicin alone. DMSO does not increase the tissue concentrations of gentamicin. PMID- 7358146 TI - Orotic acid prevents changes in cardiac sarcolemmal glycoproteins and contractility associated with muscular dystrophy in hamsters. AB - Orotic acid included in the diet of cardiomyopathic hamsters during the myolytic phase of the disease (30-60 days of age) prevented the reduction in cardiac sarcolemmal sialic acid, calcium binding, sialyltransferase activity and contractile activity associated with the cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7358147 TI - Human neuropharmacological findings with oxapadol (MD 720111), a new non-narcotic analgesic. AB - The effects of oxapadol, a new non-narcotic analgesic, were tested in man using the electrically-induced nociceptive flexion reflex in the flexor muscles of the lower limb as an index of pain. The drug caused a significant increase in the threshold of the reflex whereas no change was noted with placebo. PMID- 7358148 TI - A novel effect of cobalt treatment on calcium-dependent responses of the cockroach salivary gland. AB - After incubation in calcium-free solutions containing cobalt, the readmission of calcium caused prolonged but reversible hyperpolarization of acinar cells of cockroach salivary glands and prolonged fluid secretion. It is suggested that cobalt treatment increases the permeability of the acinar cell membrane to calcium. PMID- 7358149 TI - Biological stability of [3H]cholesteryl oleyl ether in cultured fibroblasts and intact rat. PMID- 7358150 TI - Effect of acute ethanol ingestion on lipoperoxidation and on the activity of the enzymes related to peroxide metabolism in rat liver. PMID- 7358151 TI - A rapid and sensitive assay of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase. PMID- 7358152 TI - Regulation of adipose tissue lipolysis: phosphorylation of hormones sensitive lipase in intact rat adipocytes. PMID- 7358153 TI - On the mechanism of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte deactivation of chemotaxis by the synthetic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. PMID- 7358155 TI - Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis of human serum very low density apolipoproteins. PMID- 7358154 TI - Evidence that C3d is an amphiphilic protein. Application to its preparation by hydrophobic affinity chromatography. PMID- 7358156 TI - Immunological characterisation of the microtubule-associated protein MAP2. PMID- 7358157 TI - Occurrence and levels of cis-and trans-zeatin ribosides in the culture medium of a virulent strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. PMID- 7358159 TI - 360 MHz laser photo-CIDNP of porcine pancreatic colipase A. Study of the aromatic surface residues. PMID- 7358158 TI - A proposal for the structure of apamin. PMID- 7358160 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological activity on Electrophorus electricus electroplaque of photoaffinity labelling derivatives of the non-competitive blockers di- and tri-methisoquin. PMID- 7358161 TI - Methemoglobin imidazole: evidence against an IHP-induced change in quaternary structure. PMID- 7358162 TI - The H+/O stoicheiometry of mitochondrial respiration. PMID- 7358163 TI - Spectrophotometric determination with hemoglobin of the rate of oxygen consumption in mitochondria. PMID- 7358164 TI - Differential localisation of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of arylsulfatase A in lysosomes. PMID- 7358165 TI - Predicted secondary structure of cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase from pig heart. PMID- 7358166 TI - Effect of acute ethanol intoxication on the content of reduced glutathione of the liver in relation to its lipoperoxidative capacity in the rat. PMID- 7358167 TI - Lens gap junctions and orthogonal arrays are unrelated. PMID- 7358168 TI - Electrogenic transport of biogenic amines in chromaffin granule membrane vesicles. PMID- 7358170 TI - Spectroscopic evidence for interactions of merocyanine 540 with valinomycin in the presence of potassium. PMID- 7358171 TI - Induction of hyaluronic acid synthesis in teratocarcinoma stem cells by retinoic acid. PMID- 7358172 TI - Evidence for reversible microclustering of lentil lectin membrane receptors on HeLa cells. PMID- 7358169 TI - Reaction between succinate and glyoxylate as a possible source of CO2 during photorespiration in wheat leaves. PMID- 7358174 TI - Biosynthesis of teichoic acid in Micrococcus varians ATCC 29750. Characterization of a further lipid intermediate. PMID- 7358173 TI - 'Acetaldehyde-enkephalins': elucidation of the structure of the acetaldehyde adducts of methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin. PMID- 7358175 TI - Cholesterol content of small unilamellar liposomes controls phospholipid loss to high density lipoproteins in the presence of serum. PMID- 7358176 TI - 1,3-Diaminopropane rapidly inhibits protein synthesis and virus production in BKT 1 cells. PMID- 7358177 TI - Estradiol receptor in chicken liver cytosol. PMID- 7358178 TI - Formation of stoichiometric cobalt(III)/CO2 complexes with spinach ribulose bisphosphate carbosylase/oxygenase. PMID- 7358179 TI - Both the transmembrane pH gradient and the membrane potential are important in the accumulation of amines by resealed chromaffin-granule 'ghosts'. PMID- 7358180 TI - The location of the carotenoid in the B800--850 light-harvesting pigment--protein complex from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. PMID- 7358181 TI - An energy-dependent corticosterone uptake system in the rat liver cell. PMID- 7358182 TI - Rotational mobility of the membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor of Torpedo electric organ measured by phosphorescence depolarisation. PMID- 7358184 TI - Changes in head proteins of Sarcophaga peregrina with age. PMID- 7358183 TI - Partial spectral analysis of the hydroperoxide-induced chemiluminescence of the perfused lung. PMID- 7358185 TI - Monoclonal immunoglobulin G augments hydrolysis of an ester of the homologous hapten: an esterase-like activity of the antibody-containing site? PMID- 7358188 TI - [The effects of somatostatin upon the thoracic duct lymph and triglyceride homeostasis--the relation between the lymph flow and the vagus nerve]. PMID- 7358187 TI - [Hormonal mechanism in the ovum maturation]. PMID- 7358189 TI - Basement membrane zone deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris. AB - A patient with pemphigus vulgaris is presented. In addition to the intercellular deposits of immunoglobulin and complement in the Malpighian layer which is consistent with pemphigus vulgaris, concomitant granular deposits of IgG and C3 were demonstrated at the dermal epidermal junction, similar to the findings in lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7358190 TI - Follow-up study of patients with contact dermatitis caused by chromates, nickel, and cobalt. AB - The patch test results from 1,000 patients tested with the ICDRG standard series are analyzed for positive reactions to potassium dichromate, nickel sulphate, and cobalt chloride. Nickel appears to be the most common sensitizer, especially among women, although false-negative reactions may occur if it is tested with a 2.5% concentration in yellow petrolatum. Chromate dermatitis is generally of occupational origin among men. It is also quite common among Belgian women, probably because of the widespread use of Javel (liquid bleach), containing sodium dichromate as a colouring and stabilizing agent. Positive patch test reactions to cobalt are generally accompanied by allergic reactions to nickel or chromate. Its role as a primary allergen, however, must never be overlooked. The relationship between these metals and hand and foot eczema is evaluated. The results of a follow-up questionnaire are given. More than 70% of the patients allergic to chromates or nickel continued to suffer from contact eczema after the diagnosis had been made and therapeutic measures taken. PMID- 7358191 TI - Treatment with an oral aromatic retinoid in linear porokeratosis. AB - Linear porokeratosis is a rare variant of porokeratosis of Mibelli and usually occurs in childhood. A 15-year-old boy is presented with typical clinical lesions of linear porokeratosis on the extensor surface of the right arm exhibiting the classical histopathologic criteria of the disease. Treatment with an oral aromatic retinoid resulted in a remission of the lesion. PMID- 7358186 TI - [A measurement of immunoreactive prolactin in the decidual and villous tissues of early pregnancy, and a comparison with the prolactin in the amniotic fluid (author's transl)]. AB - Several reports have revealed that human prolactin increases during pregnancy, not only in maternal and fetal serum but also in the amniotic fluid. The source and the role of prolactin in the amniotic fluid however, have not been clear up to now. In their incubation experiment, Riddick et al (29) proved that decidual tissue at term could secret immunoreactive prolactin (IR-PRL). In order to investigate the source of PRL in the amniotic fluid, we extracted IR-PRL from decidual or villous tissue in early normal pregnancies and measured it by a double antibody radioimmunoassay in this experiment. The results were the following: 1) We were able to measure IR-PRL from decidual or villous tissue in early pregnancy, the dilution curve of which paralleled pituitary standard prolactin. The cross reaction of a PRL standard preparation with HCG and HPL was not recognized within 10 micrograms/ml. 2) In human decidual tissue, the IR-PRL concentration began to increase at about the sixth week, arrived at the peak value, 81.06 +/- 2.13 ng/0.1 g dry weight (d.w.) in the eighth week, and did not change significantly after that. In human villous tissue, although the IR-PRL concentration was distinctly lower than it was in the decidual tissue, it increased gradually and reached the level of 37.44 +/- 7.16 ng/0.1g d.w. in the tenth week. 3) The extracted material (IR-PRL) from these two tissues in the 8th week, amniotic fluid at term, and pituitary standard PRL were passed through a Sephadex G-100 column (2 X 93 cm) with phosphate buffer and saline (0.01M, PH 7.4). In the chromatogram of these four test materials, one peak of IR-PRL was observed. The peak of IR-PRL of decidual and villous tissues and amniotic fluid revealed almost the same fraction number but elevated after the pituitary PRL preparation. 4) By gel filtration, the IR-PRL was able to be differentiated from HCG but not from HPL. The peak of HCG appeared earlier than the peak of IR-PRL and HPL. 5) The distribution of IR-PRL between human decidual and villous tissues was significantly different from that of HPL. IR-PRL concentration was higher in the decidual tissue than in the villous tissue, while HPL concentration was higher in the villous tissue than it was in the decidual tissue. From this observation, we could consider that the sources of these two hormones were different. The results of these experiments suggest that one of the sources of PRL in the amniotic fluid was the decidual tissue. PMID- 7358192 TI - Hair casts. AB - Peripilar hair casts are a pathological occurrence which is probably greater than the few reports seem to suggest. In 2 patients the authors have found fine, whitish nodular accretions of epithelial cells and keratinous debris surrounding the hair shafts of the scalp over a length of 3--7 mm located at various distances from the base of the hair along which they can freely move. Long-term or repetitive tractions incidental to modern hair styling or a moderate trichotillomania due to anxiety for hair loss are probably the causative factors. PMID- 7358193 TI - Statistical methods for measuring and comparing treatment efficacies: applications to nude mice experimentation. AB - A method is proposed for measuring and comparing the growth over time of a sample of tumors subjected to a number of different therapies. The procedure, which is illustrated by means of an example, does not require explicit parametric modelling of the growth curve itself and is particularly useful when the comparison of treatment efficacies is of chief interest. In addition, an ad hoc approach to the estimation of required sample sizes is delineated. PMID- 7358195 TI - Quantitative histochemical changes in intervertebral discs in diabetes. AB - A comparison of the nuclei pulposi of 4 diabetic and 2 nondiabetic subjects disclosed a statistically significant decrease in hexosamine, a statistically significant increase of hydroxyproline, and significantly increased activities of four enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates. The results are considered preliminary in view of the small size of the sample. PMID- 7358196 TI - Protein and glycoprotein components of phagosome membranes derived from mouse L cells. AB - 1. Sodium dodecylsulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been employed to analyze the protein and glycorprotein components of phagosome membranes prepared from mouse L cells by the polystyrene latex bead method. 2. These experiments showed that phagosome membranes contain at least 20 major membrane protein species having apparent molecular weights between 27,000 and 250,000; the most abundant proteins have molecular weights of 112,000, 103,000, 76,000, 68,000, 62,000, 42,000 and 36,000. 3. Phagosome membrane glycoproteins, which were detected on the gels by staining with periodic acid-Schiff's reagent, were found to migrate in two broad zones centered at positions on the gel corresponding to proteins of mol. wt 140,000 and 85,000. 4. Comparison of the phagosome membrane results with the results of similar experiments carried out with cell surface membranes revealed a high degree of similarity between the two. All major protein and glycoprotein components present in phagosome membranes could be identified in both of two types of cell surface membrane preparations analyzed. 5. These results strongly support the view that phagosome membranes contain a representative, not a highly selected, sample of surface membrane proteins and glycoproteins. PMID- 7358194 TI - Growth curves of three human malignant tumors transplanted to nude mice. AB - Experimental growth data for three human malignant tumors transplanted to nude mice of BALB/c origin are analyzed statistically in order to investigate whether they can be described according to the Gompertz function. The aim is to set up unequivocal standards for planned therapeutic experiments and to develop an essential part of the determination of proliferation parameters for the tumors. The results indicate that the course of tumor growth can be described with good approximation by the Gompertz function. A transformation of this function depicts the growth rectilinearly and appears to be suitable as a standard, e.g. in therapeutic experiments. The course of tumor growth is independent of the size of the transplant, and whether tumors are transplanted in the right or left or both flanks of the recipient mice. Furthermore, the growth does not vary in a systematic way with the number of passages in nude mice. For tumors whose growth is described according to the Gompertz function, recording of the growth of the tumor size in two dimensions is sufficient for calculating other relevant growth parameters, if the three linear tumor measurements are proportional throughout the growth period. The initial histological development of a transplanted malignant melanoma is described and used to elucidate other tumor growth measurements. PMID- 7358197 TI - Studies of factors regulating the ageing of human erythrocytes--III. Metabolism and fate of erythrocytic vesicles. AB - 1. Ageing erythrocytes release vesicles the metabolism of which is unknown. 2. Human and rat erythrocytic vesicles labelled with 51Cr and injected into rats, disappear very rapidly from the circulation with half-lives from 2 to 8 min. 3. Their lifetime resembles that of liposomes encapsulating [51Cr]haemoglobin (Hb) and in both cases, liver and spleen take up considerable amounts of radioactivity. 4. These results indicate, for the first time, that vesicles released from erythrocytes are cleared at very fast rates from the circulation and suggest that this may be the reason for the absence of vesicles in the plasma in vivo. PMID- 7358198 TI - Intermediate filaments of bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle distribution, isolation and polypeptide composition. AB - 1. The distribution of intermediate filaments in bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle was studied. 2. These filaments contained at least two polypeptides of 43,000 and 55,000 daltons. 3. The 55,000 dalton polypeptide was purified by ion exchange chromatography. 4. The amino acid compositions of the polypeptides were determined. 5. The 55,000 dalton polypeptide and a mixture of the 43,000 and 55,000 dalton polypeptide reassembled into structures similar to native intermediate filaments. PMID- 7358199 TI - Comparative studies on threonine and serine dehydratases in rat liver. AB - 1. Two isoenzymes of serine (threonine) dehydratase can be separated by DEAE cellulose chromatography. 2. Each of these isoenzymes possesses different S:T (serine dehydratase activity: threonine dehydratase activity) ratio and kinetic properties. 3. In early postnatal development, the S:T ratio shows marked variation. 4. The hepatic S:T ratio also changes with dietary manipulations. Furthermore L-alanine inhibits enzymic activities towards serine and threonine to different extent. 5. The results are consistent with the hypothesis postulating the presence of two distinct proteins each having a different activity ratio towards serine and threonine. PMID- 7358200 TI - Loxapine versus thioridazine in the treatment of organic psychosis. AB - Two double-blind trials comparing loxapine and thioridazine were conducted in hospitalized adult males diagnosed as having symptoms of chronic psychosis associated with organic brain syndrome or mental retardation. The drugs were administered orally in the ranges of loxapine 10--150 mg/day and thioridazine 150 -750 mg/day for 13 weeks. In the first trial loxapine was found to be generally superior to thioridazine on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Nurses Observation Scale for In-Patient Evaluation and Clinical Global Impression. The second trial failed to confirm this superiority. The heterogeneity of diagnostic categories included may explain the discrepancy. Extra-pyramidal symptoms and sedative effects were common to both groups and consistent with the pharmacologic profiles of the study drugs. PMID- 7358201 TI - Droperidol in the management of hyperactivity, self-mutilation and aggression in mentally handicapped patients. AB - An assessment of the efficacy of long-term oral droperidol in the control of hyperactivity, self-mutilation, aggression and temper tantrums has been made by reference to the case history notes of sixteen mentally handicapped patients. Behavioural disorders were greatly improved in four patients, and improved in six, and two experienced accompanying marked beneficial personality changes. In all but two patients Parkinsonian side-effects were prevented by the concomitant administration of orphenadrine or benzhexol. PMID- 7358202 TI - Treatment of essential hypertension with a combination of propranolol and bendrofluazide. AB - The effect of conventional propranolol and bendrofluazide tablets given twice daily has been compared with an equivalent dosage combined in a single capsule given twice daily in fourteen patients with essential hypertension. Good blood pressure control was achieved on both regimes in the majority of patients and there was no significant difference in treatment response between the two regimes. Use of the combined capsule is convenient and may improve patient compliance. PMID- 7358203 TI - Experiences with metoprolol Durules, a slow-release formulation in hypertension. AB - The antihypertensive effect and the tolerability of metoprolol Durules have been studied in fifty-five patients with mild to moderate hypertension. The patients' diastolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg in order to qualify for entry. Thirty-seven out of fifty-three patients completing the study (70%) were treated with metoprolol Durules monotherapy throughout the study. The mean blood pressure was reduced from 153/101 to 138/92 mm Hg after metoprolol Durules compared to placebo (p less than 0.001). Twenty-seven patients received one Durules daily and ten patients received two Durules daily as the final dose. Of the sixteen patients not responding on metoprolol Durules, six patients achieved satisfactory control, i.e. a diastolic blood pressure below 95 mm Hg, when given 200 mg metoprolol + 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide (HCT). The results indicate that most patients with mild or moderate hypertension can be controlled with metoprolol Durules monotherapy given one daily. The addition of HCT gives a significant benefit in moderate hypertension, where metoprolol monotherapy is not sufficient. PMID- 7358204 TI - Comparison of action of beta-methyldigoxin and digoxin utilizing systolic time intervals. AB - The temporal course of orally and parenterally administered beta-methyldigoxin and orally administered digoxin was studied in a series of twenty patients who suffered from congestive heart failure due to a variety of causes. The parameters studied mainly were systolic time intervals. The incontrovertible conclusion was that beta-methyldigoxin acts almost immediately when administered intravenously and after 20 minutes when given by mouth. The peak action, however, by either route of administration was evident at the end of 45 minutes. Viewed in comparison, digoxin after oral administration acted after 2 hours, reaching its peak action after 8 hours. It must be admitted, however, that the magnitude of the response to both drugs, as measured by significant reduction in PEP/LVET ratio and increase in ejection fraction, was the same. Our study suggests that beta-methyldigoxin is as effective an inotropic agent as digoxin, with an additional characteristic of total and rapid gastrointestinal absorption, predictable and rapid onset and much shorter time interval for its peak action. PMID- 7358205 TI - Pentoxifylline in strokes: a clinical study. AB - The results of a comparative clinical study with pentoxifylline -- a new vasoactive compound -- and xanthinol nicotinate in fifty-eight patients suffering from cerebral thrombosis with hemiplegia or monoplegia, are presented. Pentoxifylline appeared to be more effective in reducing motor deficit and was significantly better in improving the patients' intelligence and memory score. Recovery from speech deficit was equally well seen with both drugs. PMID- 7358206 TI - A comparison of three injectable corticosteroids for the treatment of patients with seasonal hay fever. AB - Three injectable corticosteroids, betamethasone dipropionate, beta-methasone disodium phosphate and betamethasone acetate, and methylprednisolone acetate, were compared for onset and duration of action in patients with severe seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The sixty patients who were entered into the trial had been well-studied in our allergy clinic. They were assigned, on the basis of a random number code, to treatment with one of the corticosteroids. Following a single intramuscular injection with one of the preparations, plasma cortisol and blood glucose concentrations also were compared at days 1, 2--3, 5--7 and 14. All three preparations improved the nasal symptoms. There were no individual differences with respect to onset or to duration of action. However, there were some differences in the effects on endogenous cortisol production and on blood glucose levels. Two of the preparations, betamethasone dipropionate and methylprednisolone acetate, suppressed endogenous cortisol for more than 14 days, while betamethasone phosphate/acetate did not suppress cortisol beyond 12 days. Beta-methasone dipropionate produced a moderate increase in blood glucose concentrations for the first two days after administration; betamethasone phosphate/acetate caused an increase for one day and methylprednisolone acetate had no effect. PMID- 7358207 TI - A comparative study of viloxazine and imipramine in the treatment of depressive states. PMID- 7358208 TI - Treatment of localized dermatoses with intralesional betamethasome dipropionate. AB - Intralesional administration of betamethasone dipropionate, 5 mg/ml, was a safe and effective method of treating resistant localized lesions of patients with steroid-responsive dermatoses. Following a single injection, three-quarters of the patients had a good to excellent response which was maintained for the eight week follow-up period. PMID- 7358209 TI - The efficacy of hydrocortisone in different ointment bases. A double-blind study of Hydroderm vs Hydrokortison ointments. AB - A study was designed to ascertain whether hydrocortisone 1% in a recently formulated ointment base was as efficacious as a well established hydrocortisone ointment formulation. There was no difference in the results of any observed parameter. It is condluded that Hydroderm ointment base is as good as previously used vehicles. It has the additional benefit of being hypoallergic. PMID- 7358211 TI - The effect of piracetam on volunteers in a low-pressure tank. AB - Twelve volunteers were subjected to a double-blind crossover test to evaluate their concentration in conditions of hypoxemia after treatment with piracetam or with a placebo. Piracetam was administered in doses of 4.8 g per day for 4 days and 7.2 g on the 5th day. The speed with which the test was carried out was not influenced to a statistically significant degree but the proportion of errors was. This effect of piracetam was more pronounced for the longer-lasting periods of hyposemia. PMID- 7358212 TI - Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia and its early treatment. AB - Sixteen patients with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia were treated with "Citro-Soda', an urinary alkanlinizing agent, in a dose of 4 g four times daily for one month. Ten of the sixteen patients exhibited a meaningful reduction in serum uric acid (greater than 15%). No adverse effects were noted and various haematological and urinary tests were all normal. 'Citro-Soda' could, therefore, be considered a useful and well-tolerated adjunct in the treatment of hyperuricaemia. PMID- 7358210 TI - Experiences with the new oral contraceptive Ovysmen. AB - The contraceptive effect of the new pill Ovysemn has been tested in two groups in a total of thirty-six patients. The preparation was well tolerated and the results failed to reveal fundamental differences in comparison with other trials performed by other investigators. No pregnancies occurred in either group. PMID- 7358214 TI - Synthesis and secretion of uteroglobin in rabbit endometrial explants cultured in vitro. AB - Explants from rabbit endometrium incorporate [35S] methionine into uteroglobin and other proteins in an essentially linear fashion for at least 8 h. Newly synthesized uteroglobin was characterized by gel chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis and immunological techniques. Labelled uteroglobin accumulates in the tissue explants during the first 3 h and then reaches a plateau level. Secretion of uteroglobin into the medium is detected after a 1-h lag period and proceeds linearly thereafter. Explants from animals treated with estradiol alone or estradiol plus progesterone (pseudopregnancy) synthesized respectively 2--3-fold and 10--20-fold more uteroglobin than explants from control animals. The rate of degradation of uteroglobin in the in vitro system was not affected by the hormonal treatment of the animals. There is a good correlation between the uteroglobin content in the uterine fluid and the rate of synthesis of uteroglobin in endometrial explants, suggesting that the in vitro system faithfully reflects the in vivo hormonal effects on uteroglobin synthesis. PMID- 7358213 TI - Follicular fluid depression of ovarian granulosa cell adenylyl cyclase activity. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that fluid from small (1--2 mm) porcine follicles is inhibitory of LH stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation, progesterone secretion and morphological luteinization of granulosa cells from large (6--12 mm) porcine follicles. The present study measured adenylyl cyclase in granulosa cells following 2-day incubations in either the inhibitory culture medium containing 50% fluid from small follicles or in luteinization permissive media: 50% fluid from large follicles or 50% porcine serum. Basal, LH, epinephrine and NaF stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity were all significantly reduced in the cells incubated with fluid from small follicles as compared to cells incubated in the control media. The data presented in this paper, in conjunction with previously publised data suggest that the inhibitory fluid from small follicles, alters both receptor--cyclase coordination and adenylyl cyclase activity. PMID- 7358215 TI - Testosterone 5 alpha-reductase activity of skin fibroblasts. Increase with serial subcultures. AB - Cultures of skin fibroblasts from different anatomical sites have been established and testosterone 5 alpha-reductase assayed after the 2nd, 6th and 12th subcultures. After the 2nd passage, 5 alpha-reduction of testosterone to both dihydrotestosterone and androstanediols correlated well with that measured in direct assays performed in total skin homogenates; this is an additional evidence that different types of skin have specific levels of testosterone 5 alpha-reductase activity. However, there was a marked increase in 5 alpha reductase activity with successive subcultures (X4--5 between 2nd and 12th subcultures) in all the cell strains studied. This finding could explain why data concerning 5 alpha-reductase in cultured skin fibroblasts are often conflicting with those in skin homogenates. It emphasizes the necessity of performing enzyme assays after the same number of passages to allow comparison from strain to strain. Different hypotheses are discussed in order to explain such variations of 5 alpha-reductase in cultured human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 7358216 TI - Further studies on the role of estradiol in the induction of progesterone regulated uteroglobin synthesis in the rabbit uterus. PMID- 7358217 TI - Gender differences in open-field behavior as a function of age. AB - Male and female rats were observed in an open field at 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 days of age. Thirty- and 45-day-old rats of both genders presented similar defecation, ambulation, and rearing scores. From 60 days on the male rats showed higher defecation scores and less ambulation and rearing than did the females. The gender difference observed in the adult rats reflected a decrease of defecation by females and a decrease of ambulation and rearing by males when compared to the earlier ages. PMID- 7358218 TI - Developmental changes in visual orienting behavior to featural versus structural information in the human infant. AB - Ten male infants, 3--4 months old, and 10 male infants, 6--7 months old, were habituated to a visual stimulus composed of both specific featural and structural information. After habituation, orienting magnitude (dishabituation) to changes in feature with structure controlled versus changes in structure with feature controlled was used as a means of measuring the infant's processing capacity. Results indicate that younger and older infants were habituated over the habituation trials but that younger and older infants differed significantly in dishabituation to changes in structure and feature information. The present findings support the hypothesis that feature and structure information are both independently important to visual processing in the human infant. PMID- 7358219 TI - The "infantilization" of a cichlid fish. AB - This paper reports a rather remarkable phenomenon, which we have termed "infantilization." Young acaras, 7 to 17 days postspawning age and normally freely swimming, will resume their nesting phase when placed with foster parents' brooding embryos or wrigglers. The foster parents do not eat these alien young when the young assume a behavior pattern similar to that of their own brood, namely, nest-bound and quiescent. PMID- 7358220 TI - Development of between-limb movement synchronization in the chick embryo. AB - Spontaneous between-limb movement synchronization is described as the amount of concurrent limb movement observed in 7--19-day chick embryos. At early stages, a wing moved as often with the ipsilateral leg as with the contralateral wing. Later, between-girdle (ipsilateral wing-leg) synchronization progressively decreased and within-girdle (wing-wing) synchronization increased, especially after 15--17 days. Bilaterally synchronized movements of the wings as in flapping and of the legs as in walking appeared at embryonic stages. Both wing and leg motility increased between 7 and 13 days and declined until hatching. The wings and legs were equally active except at 17 and 18 days when the wings moved more frequently than the legs. The left and right wings were equally active. These behavioral events reflect developmental changes in the motor outflow of the central nervous system. PMID- 7358221 TI - Some effects of strain differences in the maternal behavior of inbred mice. AB - The frequencies of occurrence of a variety of activities were recorded for inbred female mice of 3 strains in the presence of their own offspring, in the presence of isogenic fostered offspring, and in the presence of nonisogenic fostered offspring. Differences in the frequency of nursing, of grooming and handling the offspring, and of the absence of the female from the nest were related to differences in the rate of early postnatal development of 2 of these strains: in general, those pups receiving less maternal attention developed more rapidly. The effective stimulus for accelerated maturation may lie in the sequential organization of the manipulation of the offspring by the foster mother, rather than in the overall quantity of manipulation received. PMID- 7358222 TI - Pathways between constitution and competence during the 1st 5 years of life. AB - A global measure of newborn constitutional adequacy was found to be positively related to competent functioning at the age of 5-6 years. In a sample of 15 boys and 5 girls, newborn constitutional adequacy was related to aspects of focused (versus unfocused) activity, outgoingness, cognitive and verbal ability, and motor skill at the early childhood follow-up. Additionally, some preschool data were available on most of the sample and continuity of competent functioning was traced across the 3 age periods. Also, hyperactive behaviors at the preschool period had negative implications for functioning in early childhood. PMID- 7358223 TI - Prenatal motility and postnatal play: functional continuity? PMID- 7358224 TI - On the necessity for a shift in emphasis from means-oriented to problem-oriented research in developmental psychobiology. PMID- 7358225 TI - HLA-DRw antigens in Mexican-American and Black-American diabetic patients. AB - HLA-A, - B, and -C antigens were studied in 67 Mexican-American and 38 black American diabetic patients who had the onset of their disease before age 31 yr. Control populations consisted of 322 Mexican-American and 367 black-American subjects for HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens. In addition, HLA-DRw antigens were studied in 60 Mexican-American and 34 black-American diabetic patients. Control populations for HLA-DRw antigens consisted of 189 Mexican-American and 145 black American subjects. We found that juvenile-onset--diabetic patients of Mexican American origin who had the onset of their disease before age 19 demonstrated a significant increase in HLA-DRw4. HLA-DRw4 was also significantly increased in black-American patients with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus. HLA-DRw2 was not detected in any patient with juvenile-onset diabetes in either ethnic group. A significant association was found between HLA-B18 and HLA-DRw3 in Mexican American juvenile-diabetic patients. These findings, which are comparable to those in similar Caucasian patients, provide additional information to support the hypothesis that HLA-DRw antigens play a major role in determining the susceptibility to juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7358228 TI - Glycosylation of plasma protein and its relation to glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetes. PMID- 7358227 TI - HbA1 in subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance but normal fasting plasma glucose. AB - HbA1(a+b+c)(HbA1) was determined chromatographically in 107 subjects with normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 112 patients with overt diabetes. Subjects with normal FPG were divided into two groups based on their response to two oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), at an interval of 2 mo. In 40 subjects with normal OGTT (group I), HbA1 ranged from 5.2% to 7.2%, while in 67 subjects with abnormal OGTT (group II), it ranged from 6.3% to 9.6%. HbA1 levels were significantly higher in group II than in group I (7.7 +/- 0.09% versus 6.4 +/- 0.08%, mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.0005), but 14 subjects of group II had HbA1 levels less than 7.2%. No correlation was found between HbA1 and FPG, OGTT peak, and curve area in either group. However, the correlation became significant in all 107 subjects with normal FPG (groups I + II). In patients with overt diabetes, HbA1 ranged from 6.3% to 18% (11.9 +/- 0.22%) and correlated with FPG (r = 0.78, P less than 0.0005). The traditional OGTT seems more sensitive than the HbA1 measurement in detecting subjects with reduced carbohydrate tolerance. HbA1 level, on the other hand, is known to be more specific indicator of structural abnormalities following long-term hyperglycemia. Thus HbA1 determination might be a helpful test along with OGTT to improve both selection and follow-up subjects with true borderline diabetes. PMID- 7358226 TI - Impaired responses of catecholamines, growth hormone, and cortisol to graded exercise in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. PMID- 7358230 TI - Benzodiazepine treatment for Lesch-Nyhan syndrome? PMID- 7358231 TI - Perinatal asphyxia: factors which predict developmental outcome. PMID- 7358233 TI - Pediatric coma: prognosis and outcome. AB - A review of 40 previously comatose children identified significant degrees of disability 10 months after the insult. Of all the antecedent factors assessed, duration of coma correlated most highly with outcome, especially in relation to language and intellectual spheres. The literature reveals heterogeneous approaches to the study of sequelae of pediatric coma, and thus disparate results: a more uniform approach is needed to the study of the nature and prognosis of pediatric coma. PMID- 7358229 TI - Impaired granulocyte adherence in mildly diabetic patients: effects of tolazamide treatment. AB - Granulocyte adherence in 10 of 15 untreated asymptomatic hyperglycemic diabetic outpatients (mean fasting glucose +/- SEM, 289 +/- 16 mg/100 ml) was 62 +/- 7% of control values. After treatment (2--4 wk) with tolazamide (500 mg daily), adherence to the nylon fiber columns employed in this study returned to control levels in the seven patients whose fasting glucose levels fell, (mean, 192 +/- 16 mg/100 ml) and deteriorated in the three in whom fasting hyperglycemia worsened. Results of this study indicate that, even in some mildly diabetic patients, a reduction in granulocyte adherence similar to that found in insulin-dependent diabetics may impair the inflammatory response. PMID- 7358234 TI - The use of the Denver Developmental Screening Test in infant welfare clinics. AB - The results of a single Denver Developmental Screening Test performed at the age of nine months on 823 infants attending maternal and child health centres were compared with the developmental information recorded by public health nurses during their routine well-baby care of these same infants. The single Denver test detected a significantly greater number of infants with developmental delay than did the routine observations, and the nurses tended to under-use the available resources for developmental assessment. Suggestions are made for more effective use of maternal and child health centres in the primary recognition of developmental delay. PMID- 7358232 TI - Low-birthweight children at early school-age: a longitudinal study. AB - Eighty-seven per cent of a cohort of 299 low-birthweight (LBW) infants (less than or equal to 2000 g) were examined at age 6 years 8 months, together with 111 control children. All the controls and 248 of the LBW children were individually assessed in school. Information about another 13 LBW children was obtained by questionnaire. Problems in primary school were related to social grade, evidence of early intra-uterine insult, sex, postnatal complications and neurological and developmental status in the first year of life. Multiple birth, gestation and intra-uterine growth were not clearly related to problems in school. The incidence of major handicap, as compared with LBW infants born between 1953 and 1955, showed little change when earlier-born infants who had been subjected to severe restriction of fluid and calorie intake were excluded. Ninety-two per cent of LBW children traced were attending normal schools. Those who showed no evidence of early intra-uterine insult and who were neurologically normal in the first year of life were largely indistinguishable from control children reared in similar homes. PMID- 7358235 TI - Food supplementation of pregnant women at risk of malnutrition and their newborns' responsiveness to stimulation. AB - Pregnant women at risk of malnutrition were enrolled in a health care programme in Colombia, South America, and were randomly assigned to a group receiving supplementary food or to a control group at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy. There were no differences between the groups in social or nutritional variables. Supplementary food was found to have an effect on infants' reactions to mild aversive stimulation and their degree of irritability. Infants born to non-supplemented mothers generally responded more irritably to removal of a nipple and to the application of a cold disc to the abdomen. Female infants of non-supplemented mothers also recovered more slowly than the supplemented group from crying in response to both removal of nipple and the cold disc. The findings are believed to show a maturational effect of maternal diet during the last trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 7358236 TI - Marble brain disease: recessive osteopetrosis, renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification in three Saudi Arabian families. AB - Four children are described from three Saudi Arabian families suffering from osteopetrosis, distal renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification associated clinically with mental retardation, stunted growth, abnormal teeth and a similar facial appearance. The syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive. The growth retardation is attributed to renal tubular acidosis but no metabolic link is evident between its other major features, and the fundamental defect is unknown. The disorder is radiologically indistinguishable from the classical recessive (malignant) and dominant (benign) forms of osteopetrosis but its other characteristics establish it as a separate disease entity. PMID- 7358237 TI - Mosaicism for an extra small ring chromosome. AB - A new case for mosaicism for an extra small ring chromosome is described in a 13 year-old girl with minimal phenotype anomalies and moderate mental retardation. The origin of the extra chromosome could not be determined either cytogenetically or clinically. The present case is compared with six similar cases in the literature. PMID- 7358239 TI - Aspirin for transient ischemic attacks. PMID- 7358238 TI - Intractable epilepsy in childhood. PMID- 7358241 TI - I.V. dosage guidelines for theophylline products. PMID- 7358240 TI - Ticrynafen recalled. PMID- 7358243 TI - Retrograde mucosal prolapse following a Heller's correction for achalasia of the esophageal cardia. AB - Retrograde gastric mucosal prolapse into the esophageal vestibule producing incomplete obstruction, following a Heller's procedure for achalasia of the esophagus, is reported. PMID- 7358242 TI - Sulfa vaginal creams. PMID- 7358244 TI - Hemiazygos vein as a cause of posterior indentation of the esophagus: a case report. AB - The hemiazygos vein crosses the midline at the level of D8 between the esophagus and spine to join the azygos vein. Any condition causing dilatation, from either obstruction or collateralization, can dilate the hemiazygos vein and produce posterior indentation of the esophagus. This vein is collapsible so it can easily be wedged between the esophagus and thoracic spine. Although various causes of indentations on the posterior wall of the esophagus have been described, we are not aware of any previous report of an esophageal impression from a dilated hemiazygos vein and therefore report such a case. PMID- 7358245 TI - Amyloidoma of the stomach. AB - Localized amyloid deposit in the gastric antrum presented as an ulcerated mass on upper gastrointestinal series. Radiographic and autopsy findings are correlated and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 7358246 TI - Hemobilia developing from an aneurysm of the left gastric artery. AB - In the case reported herein, hemobilia was caused by an aneurysm of the left gastric artery which arose as a separate vessel from the aorta. The role of subselective angiography in the evaluation of hemobilia is emphasized. PMID- 7358247 TI - Bleeding gastric varices secondary to wandering spleen. AB - A case of bleeding gastric varices produced by a "wandering spleen" is presented, the first report in the literature of such a complication. Ectopic position of the spleen is most often diagnosed following evaluation for abdominal pain or detection of an asymptomatic mass. In our patient, torsion of the splenic pedicle produced gastric fundal varices. These were demonstrated on upper gastrointestinal series and confirmed at splenectomy. PMID- 7358248 TI - Computed tomography, ultrasonography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease: a comparative study. AB - A prospective study was performed comparing the sensitivity of computed tomography, ultrasonography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease. Forty patients with suspected pancreatic carcinoma, acute recurrent or chronic pancreatitis, and/or jaundice were studied. CT was the most sensitive study in evaluation of pancreatitis. ERCP was most accurate in evaluation of pancreatic malignancy. Ultrasonography was the least sensitive method in detecting pancreatic disease and dilatation of the extrahepatic biliary ducts. PMID- 7358251 TI - Primary ileal adenocarcinoma simulating Crohn's disease. AB - An unusual case of primary adenocarcinoma of the terminal ileum with a clinical and radiographic appearance simulating Crohn's disease is presented. This example further supports the concept that terminal ileal disease should not immediately be equated with regional enteritis. PMID- 7358250 TI - Radiology in primary small bowel adenocarcinoma. AB - In a retrospective study, films from radiologic examinations of 13 patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the small bowel were reviewed. All patients had a barium examination and in 5 cases angiography was also performed. The barium studies disclosed strictures with overhanging edges in 11 patients, in 4 of whom there was a pronounced prestenotic dilation. Angiographically the predominant findings were in all cases hypovascularity and displacement of vessels. In 4 patients there was also encasement. Neovascularity was present in 2 patients. One patient showed angiographic changes due to intussusception. PMID- 7358249 TI - Spontaneous disappearance of large stones from the common bile duct. AB - Spontaneous disappearance of three large gallstones from the common bile duct is reported. One of the stones measured 15 mm in size and is the largest ever seen to pass into the intestine without perforation. The observation emphasizes the need for repeat diagnostic imaging of the biliary tract in patients who become free of symptoms before the intended operation. PMID- 7358252 TI - Polypoid lipomatosis of the small bowel. AB - An unusual case of multiple polypoid, benign lipomatous tumors in the ileum of a 53-year-old female with vague gastrointestinal symptoms is described. The pertinent literature is reviewed, and a technique which could have allowed definitive preoperative diagnosis is suggested. PMID- 7358253 TI - Acceleration of small intestine contrast study by ceruletide. AB - The effect of ceruletide on the small bowel transit time of barium sulfate suspension was studied in 165 patients. The control group consisted of 115 cases. An intramuscular injection of 500--750 ng/kg body weight ceruletide was given in 106 cases (group A), 20 ng/kg ceruletide was intravenously injected in 35 patients (group B), and 40 ng/kg was intravenously injected in 24 cases (group C). The mean transit time in group A was 62 +/- 41 min (mean +/- SD), and 126 +/- 62 min in the corresponding control group of 83 cases. (P less than 0.001). The mean transit time in group B was 65 +/- 50 min, and 69 +/- 56 min in group C, whereas in the corresponding control group of 32 cases the mean transit time was 137 +/- 79 min (P less than 0.01). A normal radiographic pattern was found in 75%, and slightly increased segmental contractions in 21%. Overtonicity and pronounced segmental contractions were seen in 4%. The recommended standardized small bowel study using ceruletide reduces the examination time by roughly one half and produces simultaneous and uniform opacification of the jejunum and ileum. PMID- 7358254 TI - Use of a tracer dose of barium for evaluating bowel preparation. AB - Residual colonic barium can be used to gauge bowel preparation for barium enemas. Because upper gastrointestinal study frequently does not immediately precede the barium enema, we have adopted the technique of administering a tracer dose of barium at the beginning of bowel preparation. This report discusses the method, results, advantages, and disadvantages of this technique. PMID- 7358255 TI - Villous tumors of the colon and rectum: double-contrast study of 47 cases. AB - The radiological features of 47 villous tumors of the large bowel found in 39 patients by the double-contrast barium enema were studied. An attempt was made to determine the radiological indicators of malignancy and two features proved to be suspicious: large tumor size and indentation of tumoral base. This retrospective study emphasizes the advantages of the double-contrast technique in the detection of colonic villous tumors. PMID- 7358256 TI - Segmental tuberculosis of the distal colon: radiographic features in 7 cases. AB - The radiographic features of 7 cases of segmental colonic tuberculosis are described and illustrated. The lesions are generally short (5--7 cm) and may involve any part of the colon. They present radiographically as segmental granulomatous colitis or as annular, ulcerated lesions mimicking colonic carcinoma. Cases with sinus tract formation, severe narrowing, marked distortion, and fixation may occur. The association with pulmonary tuberculosis is common but not universal. The clinical findings are nonspecific, but the age group affected is mainly that of young adults. A short review of the pertinent literature is presented. PMID- 7358258 TI - Separation of serum cholinesterase isozymes by an improved polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its application for the study of liver diseases (Part I). AB - A method for separation of serum (pseudo) cholinesterase isozymes was studied in order to take advantage of it for clinical research. By employing modifications on a previously reported method, analytical time was shortened to a half (1.5 days) of the original method without abolishing qualitative and quantitative accuracy. Thus, the present method facilitated its clinical application for the study of this isozyme. A normal pattern of the isozyme in Japanese in this method was determined by the analysis of sixteen normal subjects, which appeared to be very consistent in each individual under the present conditions. The distribution of relative activities of respective isozymes measured on a densitogram coincided well with that measured calorimetrically. Abnormalities of the zymogram were newly found in patients with liver cirrhosis and metastatic liver cancer, which seemed to be characteristic to the respective diseases. Isozyme patterns in the liver and ascites were also measured and compared with those in serum. PMID- 7358257 TI - The role of gastric mucosal hexosamine in aspirin-induced ulcers. AB - In order to elucidate the role of gastric tissue hexosamine, used as an index of mucopolysaccharide content, in the development and healing process of peptic ulcers, the distribution of hexosamine and the changes of gastric hexosamine content in the development and healing of aspirin-induced ulcers in rats were studied. In addition, the effects of proglumide and L-glutamine on gastric hexosamine were also studied. The hexosamine content was found to be the highest in the antrum, followed by the corpus and then the forestomach. The mucosa contained significantly higher hexosamine than the smooth muscle layer in both the antrum and the corpus. Prior treatment with proglumide significantly increased the mucosal hexosamine to the extent of 10.3--18.1% in the glandular stomach. Administration of aspirin decreased the gastric mucosal hexosamine and induced the onset of ulcer, while administration of proglumide suppressed the gastric lesions in proportion to dosage and correspondingly prevented a decrease of the hexosamine. In contrast, L-glutamine showed an anti-ulcerogenic effect without suppressing a decrease of the hexosamine. In the process of curing gastric lesions, proglumide accelerated the healing of the ulcers and simultaneously returned the total hexosamine content to its original level. These results suggest that the gastric mucosal hexosamine is closely related to the onset and healing of aspirin-induced ulcer in rats, and that proglumide contributes to both the prevention and healing of ulcers by increasing gastric mucosal hexosamine. PMID- 7358259 TI - The effects of intravenously administered chlorophyll-A on naturally occurring serum protease inhibitors in rabbits. AB - Effects of intravenously administered protease inhibitors on naturally occurring serum inhibitors were investigated in rabbits. Water-dispersed chlorophyll-a, trasylol and leupeptin were tested as exogenous protease inhibitors in the experiments. From the results of experiments, it was concluded that: 1) Pretreatment with chlorophyll-a infusion into rabbits, most effectively prevented the rapid consumption of naturally occurring serum protease inhibitors after successive trypsin infusion, and the duration of its action was observed longest when compared with other exogenous inhibitors, such as trasylol or leupeptin. 2) Final therapeutic effects of these exogenous protease inhibitors seem to have depended upon the disappearing way of the administered inhibitors from the blood in certain period of time, as well as upon biochemical potency of their inhibiting activity. PMID- 7358260 TI - Indirect hyperbilirubinemia in HBV carriers. AB - Indirect hyperbilirubinemia without any other abnormalities of liver function tests was seen in 14.3% in HBV carriers and 1.2% in controls in the previous study. In order to clarify the mechanism of hyperbilirubinemia in HBV carriers, 33 HBV carriers with normal liver functions regardless of hyperbilirubinemia and with no past history of acute hepatitis were investigated clinically. Most of HBV carriers with indirect hyperbilirubinemia revealed any other abnormalities of liver functions during the over 2 years observation. Histological examinations of 4 HBV carriers with hyperbilirubinemia presented no evidence of obvious hepatitis. There was no significant correlation between bilirubin, ICG and/or BSP clearance in HBV carriers with hyperbilirubinemia. The above mentioned facts suggest that indirect hyperbilirubinemia in HBV carriers was not caused by organic changes of hepatocytes but might be the results of, at least in part, its functional disturbances. Family studies of HBV carriers with hyperbilirubinemia suggested that some but not all the HBV carriers with indirect hyperbilirubinemia might not have a genetic background in common with patients with Gilbert's syndrome. The persistent infection of HBV in hepatocytes might play an important role of metabolic derangement of bilirubin and make a constitutional defect of bilirubin metabolism manifest. PMID- 7358261 TI - A new trial in endoscopic diagnosis for stomach cancer:intra-arterial dye (IAD) method. AB - Forty gastric cancers were examined by endoscopy before and after the injection of Evans blue or indigo carmine dye into the celiac artery. Seventeen of these lesions were also examined after injection of vasomotor drugs. The authors conclude that these techniques permitted more precise endoscopic deliniation of the size and extent of cancerous lesions, particularly those otherwise obscured by overlying, intact epithelium. PMID- 7358262 TI - Use of an external suction-irrigation device in endoscopy. AB - A simple and inexpensive external suction-irrigation device, which attaches to the biopsy port of endoscopes, is used to rapidly infuse and aspirate large volumes of fluid. By bypassing the umbilical cord, this system avoids blockage of the instrument while permitting intermittent injections of water and aspirations of luminal contents. It may be operated with one hand. Use of the device as described saves considerable time during many examinations and avoids postponement of other examinations. PMID- 7358263 TI - Diathermy ERCP: an alternative method for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in jaundiced patients. AB - Standard ERCP was unsuccessful in 5 jaundiced patients. This problem was surmounted in 4 of these patients by endoscopically inducing a small choledochoduodenal fistula through which a catheter could be inserted and diagnostic cholangiograms were obtained. In the fifth patient, the attempt to create a fistula was insufficient, and the contrast material infiltrated the duodenal wall with transient ensuing fever. In subsequent observations, the induced fistulas promptly healed. The method is offered as an alternative procedure when standard ERCP fails. PMID- 7358264 TI - Endoscopic lithotripsy in the common bile duct. AB - Electrohydraulic lithotripsy of stones lodged in the common bile ducts of human patients has been successfully accomplished. For this purpose, the lithotripsy probe was integrated with a Dormia basket. Common duct stones not otherwise amenable to release by endoscopic papillotomy can be removed by this procedure. A prerequisite, however, is that the stone to be shattered must be firmly lodged within the Dormia basket. PMID- 7358265 TI - Lateral ileocecal valve presenting as a pedunculated cecal mass and defined by colonoscopically aided air-contrast radiography. PMID- 7358266 TI - Perforation of colon by ingested chicken bone diagnosed by colonoscope. PMID- 7358267 TI - Aspirin erodes the duodenum, too. PMID- 7358268 TI - Is the P2 endoscope properly used? PMID- 7358270 TI - Endoscopic myotomy in the treatment of achalasia. AB - Seventeen patients with achalasia were treated by endoscopic myotomy limited to the esophageal rosette and avoiding the distal antireflux zone. Clinical, radiological, endoscopic, and manometric follow-up revealed improvement comparable to that seen in patients after successful surgical myotomy or pneumatic dilation. In the hands of the authors, the procedure has been simple, fast, effective, and safe, thus providing an alternative treatment of achalasia. PMID- 7358269 TI - The patient as an active participant. PMID- 7358271 TI - Physiognomic perception: empirical and theoretical perspectives. AB - A review of the research and theory on physiognomic perception was set forth. There have been several types of tasks and methods used to tap this domain; thus, a thorough discussion of this topic was presented. Early as well as recent studies indicative very high degrees of adult consensus in the making of physiognomic attributions. However, with individuals under (approximately) 10 years of age, consensus is not readily apparent--rather, a distinct developmental course has been suggested. Studies dealing with individual differences and several major theories of etiology were also examined in the light of current findings. PMID- 7358272 TI - The elderly Japanese American: aging among the first generation immigrants. AB - The present paper examined the social disengagement theory, which suggests that older people often do not wish to maintain the same level of immersion in social relations as their age increases. The theory suggests that a voluntary, mutual withdrawal takes place on the part of the elderly and the rest of society. The study is based upon a national random sample of 1002 first generation Japanese Americans (Issei). The Issei were interviewed by bilingual Japanese American interviewers. The sample included 66% men and 34% women, whose median ages were 76 and 71 years, respectively, and whose median number of school years completed in Japan was eight. The paper examined a series of indicators of Issei social participation--visiting patterns with friends and relatives, interest in political affairs, and membership in voluntary organizations--to determine whether there was a differential level of social participation by age or sex. The results of the study indicated some support for the social disengagement thesis. The findings indicated that age is inversely related to social participation. One notable exception to this general pattern was found: visiting with Issei's children does not decrease with age. Findings are discussed in light of the theoretical implications of the social disengagement thesis for future research among racial and cultural minorities. PMID- 7358273 TI - Genetic mapping of bovine mitochondrial DNA from a single animal. AB - Using a physical map of bovine mitochondrial DNA derived from the liver of a single Holstein cow, we have determined the location of the genes specifying the large and small ribosomal RNAs by hybridization analysis and electron microscopic observations of R-loop forms. Also, the position of the origin of DNA replication (D-loop) has been located by electron microscopy. Additionally, the direction of D-loop expansion and the polarity of the large and small ribosomal RNA genes were determined. PMID- 7358274 TI - The 3' and 5'-terminal sequences of influenza A, B and C virus RNA segments are highly conserved and show partial inverted complementarity. AB - The 3'- and 5'-terminal nucleotides of the genome segments of an influenza A, B, and C virus were identified by directly sequencing viral RNA using two different sequencing techniques. A high degree of conservation at the 3' ends as well as at the 5' ends was observed among the genome segments of each virus and among the segments of the three different virus types. A uridine-rich region was observed from positions 17 through 22 at the 5' end of each segment. Moreover, the conserved 3' and 5'-terminal sequences showed partial and inverted complementarity. This feature results in very similar sequences at the 3' ends of the plus and minus strand RNAs and may also enable single-strand RNAs of influenza virus to form "panhandle" structures. Inverted complementary repeats may play an important role in initiation of viral RNA replication. PMID- 7358275 TI - Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder disease in the elderly. AB - The only signs of acute cholecystitis in the elderly may be vague abdominal signs associated with low-grade fever or leukocytosis. Life-threatening complications such as performation and bile peritonitis are more common in the elderly. Emergency surgery may be necessary in the severely compromised patient. PMID- 7358276 TI - Geriatric medicine--a plea for specialism. PMID- 7358277 TI - Depressive illness in old age: getting behind the mask. AB - Different presentations of depression may occur in the elderly. Complaints of physical illness are especially common and pseudodementia may be the presenting picture. Overtreated hypertension which can be well controlled with diuretics is a common cause of depression in the elderly. Taking the patient off the drug known to cause depression will often solve the problem. PMID- 7358279 TI - Long-term management of peripheral ischemia. AB - Keeping the feet clean and avoiding all trauma are the cardinal principles in treating peripheral ischemia. If venous stasis causes ulceration, regular, gentle cleansing of the ulcer and the careful removal of dead tissue is necessary. Deterioration of the limb may necessitate amputation. PMID- 7358278 TI - Anemia in the aged: causes and considerations. AB - Anemia may be an important clue to a more serious underlying disorder in the elderly. Iron deficiency can be caused by pathologic bleeding from cancerous or precancerous sites. Delay in making the definitive diagnosis can be avoided by the more liberal use of bone marrow examinations in outpatients. PMID- 7358280 TI - TIAs: the forewarning of stroke. AB - TIAs are a neurologic emergency. The risk of cerebral infarction is high and increases with time. You must consider four factors in the patient with TIA: the results of the neurovascular exam, the stroke risk, the patient's general health, and the availability of diagnostic and treatment facilities. PMID- 7358281 TI - The cardiac pacemaker: functions, falterings, and fate. AB - No pacemaker problem is predictable enough to plan for, with the possible exception of battery failure, so follow-up surveillance is essential. Pacemaker malfunctions are generally either actual device malfunctions or adverse interactions between the pacer and the patient's body. Depletion of the power source is the most common event. PMID- 7358282 TI - Changes in brain protein synthesis during the life span of male Fischer rats. AB - The cell-free protein synthetic activity of the postmitochondrial supernatant isolated from whole brain of 6- to 32-month-old male Fischer F344 rats was compared. Protein synthesis decreased 56% from 6 to 32 months of age. The decrease in cell-free protein synthesis was not due to an age-related increase in RNase activity. Although monomeric ribosomes (ribosomes stripped of mRNA) isolated from the brains of older rats were less active in polyuridylic acid directed polyphenylalanine synthesis, the fidelity of polyuridylic acid translation by monomeric ribosomes did not decrease with increasing age. PMID- 7358283 TI - Influence of growth state on relationship between nuclear template activity and in vitro 'ageing'. AB - A reduction in nuclear template activity occurred in He125 cell cultures only after the expression of a reduction in growth ability. This suggests that these alterations in template activity are terminal events occurring late in the culture life span. Both the rate of loss of template activity and its qualitative aspects were influenced by the growth state of the cultures compared. Therefore, these factors should be taken into account in the analyses of the relationship between in vitro 'ageing' and nuclear template activity. PMID- 7358284 TI - Paget's disease in the head and neck. AB - This paper presents a survey of manifestations of Paget's disease, osteitis deformans of the head and neck. The pathology and pathogenesis of the disease are considered and the clinical manifestations examined in relation to the area of the skull involvement, outlining ocular, auditory, vestibular, dental and general manifestations. PMID- 7358285 TI - A clinico-pathological survey of thyroid glands in old age. AB - A quarter of the thyroid gland obtained at post-mortem examination from a group of elderly inpatients were nodular. There was a significant preponderance of women with goitre, but no relationship to age. The incidence of hyperthyroidism was increased in patients with nodular glands. There was no correlation between the weight of the thyroid gland, the age of the patient and the free-thyroxine index. Histological examination of macroscopically normal glands showed tiny follicles, microscopic colloid nodules and fibrosis. Nodular glands had the features of long-standing colloid nodular goitre. Focal lymphocytic thyroiditis was observed in a fifth of the glands. Microscopic evidence of altered function was common but could not always be correlated with the results of the thyroid function studies. PMID- 7358286 TI - Salicylate disposition and aging process. PMID- 7358287 TI - [Toxicity study of the surface-active substance transformation products formed during the water chlorination process]. PMID- 7358288 TI - [Effect of chloroprene on body enzymatic systems and its hygienic significance]. PMID- 7358289 TI - [Nutritional problems and metabolic indices of copper production workers in the Far North]. PMID- 7358291 TI - [Motor activity and the intellectual work capacity of college students]. PMID- 7358290 TI - [Early detection of functional liver disorders in the female workers of hothouses in contact with pesticides]. PMID- 7358292 TI - [New statute on state control over water utilization and protection]. PMID- 7358293 TI - [Hygienic standards for the comprehensive use of technical teaching aids in secondary vocational-tecnical schools]. PMID- 7358294 TI - [Functional state of the cardiovascular system of adolescent girls studying in a technical school]. PMID- 7358295 TI - [Work capacity dynamics of young schoolchildren in the course of the school day]. PMID- 7358296 TI - [Quantitative patterns in the migration of magnesium, calcium, radium-226 and thorium-228 in the soil-plant chain]. PMID- 7358297 TI - [Effect of adverse factors on the mental health of children]. PMID- 7358298 TI - [Methods of hygienic research on optical radiation]. PMID- 7358299 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of dimethyl acetamide in water]. PMID- 7358300 TI - [Thyroid gland function studied in setting up a hygienic experiment]. PMID- 7358301 TI - [Use of a computational method for the hygienic evaluation and prediction of the levels of external gamma irradiation of the population]. PMID- 7358302 TI - [Method of determining phenol and methanol in soil]. PMID- 7358303 TI - [Embryotoxic action of cobalt in peroral body uptake]. PMID- 7358306 TI - [Principles for defining the system and of the criteria for evaluating the scientific activity of hygiene-oriented research institutes]. PMID- 7358304 TI - [Micro express method of measuring pH for determining blood cholinesterase activity]. PMID- 7358305 TI - [Functional state of the cardiovascular system as an evaluation criterion of the effect of toxic substances]. PMID- 7358307 TI - [Inconstancy of "compartmental" model constants that describe the kinetics of toxic elements in the body]. PMID- 7358310 TI - [Law of admixture concentration distribution in the atmosphere and its applications]. PMID- 7358308 TI - [Tentative safe exposure levels as an index for the sanitary limitation of the harmful substance content in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7358309 TI - [Effect of the relative humidity on the release into the air of organic solvents from paint and varnish coatings]. PMID- 7358311 TI - [Medical worker attitude to health education work in the problems of preventing general and occupational diseases]. PMID- 7358312 TI - [Data on establishing the maximum permissible concentration of dimethylamine in the gaseous medium of the insulating agents of individual protective clothing]. PMID- 7358313 TI - [Effect of different operational factors on formaldehyde migration from chipboard studied by means of mathematical experimental design]. PMID- 7358315 TI - [Gonadotoxic properties of tri-(chloroprophyl)-phosphate]. PMID- 7358314 TI - [Characteristics of formaldehyde release from polymeric construction materials based on formaldehyde resins under increased relative humidity]. PMID- 7358316 TI - [Dental caries epidemiology in 7-8-year-old children in different provinces of the Ukrainian SSR]. PMID- 7358317 TI - [Assessment of the complex action of tetrachloropropene]. PMID- 7358319 TI - Automated two-stage assay for determination of antithrombin III with a centrifugal analyzer. AB - The thrombin-inactivating alpha 2-globulin, antithrombin III (At-III), was measured in plasma and urine with a chromogenic tripeptide substrate, using a centrifugal analyzer. Plasma At-III was subnormal in liver disease. In acute myocardial infarction a mean At-III of approximately 120% of normal was found. At III in persons who developed deep-vein thrombosis decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) between the day of admission and the 3rd day after admission to hospital. Urine from normals did not contain detectable At-III. With increasing urinary albumin increasing concentration of At-III was found. PMID- 7358318 TI - Essential thrombocythaemia. AB - The results of detailed studies of 3 patients with essential thrombocythaemia (ET) are presented. Qualitative tests of platelet function were abnormal, and autologous platelet survivals were diminished. Megakaryocyte ploidy distribution analysis showed an increased proporttion of cells with high ploidy, and buoyant density distribution analysis showed increased proportions of less dense platelets. Ultrastructural studies of the platelets showed proliferation of the dense tubular system with deficiency of the surface-connected canalicular system. Megakaryocyte electron microscopy showed abnormal distribution of demarcation membrane complex and granules. The precise functional abnormality of the platelets in ET has not yet been defined, but a release defect of variable severity with corresponding morphological abnormalities of dense tubular and surface-connected canalicular systems, seems the most likely explanation. PMID- 7358320 TI - Clotting changes in two patients with longitudinal sinus thrombosis. AB - Two patients with angiographically proven longitudinal sinus thrombosis were studied from a coagulation point of view. In the first case, marked primary thrombocytosis was found. This patient was treated with aspirin, dipyridamole and radioactive phosphorus. In the second case, fibrinogen and whole blood plasma viscosity were elevated. This patient developed deep vein thrombosis of the left leg a few weeks after the cerebral episode and was treated with coumarin drugs. The importance of a coagulation study in every patient with cerebral vein thrombosis is emphasized. PMID- 7358322 TI - Interaction of adenosine and adenylnucleotides with the human platelet membrane. Further characterization of the ADP binding sites. AB - The binding of adenosine and adenylnucleotides to the human platelet membrane has been measured and the subsequent effect on the binding of 14C-ADP has been determined. The following conclusions have been drawn: (1) Two reactions with different velocities (t 1/2 = 15--30 sec and t 1/2 = 4--6 min) seem to be involved in the binding of ADP to the platelet membrane. (2) AMP binds to the platelet membrane and partially inhibits binding of ADP in a competitive manner. These two findings suggest that ADP binding sites on the platelet membrane may be of more than one type. (3) At concentrations up to 10(-5) M, ATP does not itself bind to the platelet membrane but is rapidly transformed into ADP which, in turn, binds to the membrane and inhibits the binding of 14C-ADP. (4) Adenosine does not significantly interfere with the binding of 14C-ADP and has not been shown to bind to the platelet membrane. PMID- 7358321 TI - Multiple acquired haemostatic defects. Case report and review of the literature. AB - A 14-year-old girl presented with severe haemorrhagic diathesis. Her past history suggested a congenital bleeding disorder. Investigations disclosed severe deficiency of all four vitamin K-dependent factors and a functional defect of platelets. These were caused by simultaneous administration of vitamin K antagonists and anti-inflammatory drugs. A complete clinical and laboratory recovery took place following withdrawal of drugs. The severity of the haemorrhagic diathesis prompted us to describe the case in order to draw the attention of medical personnel to the dangerous potentiation effects of different drugs administered with vitamin K antagonists. PMID- 7358323 TI - Uncertainty of determining cause of death in medicolegal material without autopsy, an autopsy study. PMID- 7358324 TI - Reye's syndrome in a child on long-term salicylate medication. AB - A case of Reye's syndrome in a four-year-old child on long-term salicylate medication for rheumatoid arthritis is reported. Severe fatty changes of the liver, lipid vacuolation in the renal proximal tubules, and severe brain oedema were the prominent postmortem findings. Symptoms of a trivial infection and vomiting just before death added to the resemblance of this case to Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7358325 TI - A fatal diazinon poisoning. AB - A case of fatal suicidal ingestion of diazinon insecticide is presented. Diazinon concentrations in post-mortem body fluids and tissues were determined using electron capture and flame ionization gas-liquid chromatography. The highest concentrations of diazinon were found in blood, stomach contents, bile and adipose tissue. PMID- 7358326 TI - Blood typing of blood stains on sweat stains by the isoagglutinins detection method. AB - When a blood typing is made for mixed stains of sweat and blood, erroneous results may be obtained. The reason is that the blood group substance in the sweat is detected at the same time as that in the blood. In this paper the typing of the blood stain on the sweat stain is carried out by the detection of isoagglutinins which may give additional information to the forensic serologist. PMID- 7358327 TI - Sex determination from plucked human hairs without epithelial root sheath. II. Depigmentation of melanin in the hair cortex before Feulgen reaction. AB - In hair roots devoid of the epithelial root sheath, an attempt was made to decolorize the melanin granules without affecting the Feulgen reaction for the sex chromatin. The hair samples were treated with 0.25% potassium permanganate for 1 hour, 0.3% hydrogen peroxide for 1 minute and 5% potassium permanganate for 1 hour, 0.3% hydrogen peroxide for 1 minute and 5% oxalic acid for 5 minutes, and then stained with Feulgen. The frequency of sex chromatins ranged from 22% to 47% (average 32%) in female samples and from 0% to 8% (average 5%) in male samples. Thus, the frequency distributions of the male and female samples were completely independent of each other. The sex chromatins in dried female hairs were detectable at a frequency of 16 - 26% several weeks after plucking. The depigmentation procedure almost completely bleached the melanin granules in the hair cortex, and produced no harmful effect on the Feulgen reaction that followed. PMID- 7358328 TI - Lewis grouping of human secretion stains. AB - The Lewis group system is intricately related to the secretor system, which in turn controls the presence of ABH factors in human secretions. It has been suggested that Lewis typing of secretion stains could help to verify non-secretor results obtained in ABO typing; however, the literature contains conflicting reports on the presence of Lewis substances in secretions. As a preliminary study in the investigation into the usefulness of Lewis typing in case-work, we examined paired saliva and vaginal stains and paired saliva and semen stains from laboratory donors. The activity of Lewis substances per se in these secretions and their viability in stains over a ten-week period are described. PMID- 7358329 TI - Determination of the mineral content and the transparency of the root dentine of human teeth. AB - One hundred and fifty-six teeth were extracted from corpses aged between 15 and 79 years. Of these, 101 teeth were selected for measurement of the mineral content of the root by photon beam absorption. Six or seven cross-sections were measured in each root, and the mean values calculated for the apical, medial, and coronal part within each decade. Further, 20 selected teeth were embedded in methacrylate and the length of the zone of transparency determined in longitudinal sections. There was no significant age dependency of the root's mineral content. There was no correlation between the extent of transparency and the mineral content. PMID- 7358330 TI - The significance of the Na+/K+ pump for somatostatin release. AB - The influence of the Na+/K+ pump on somatostatin secretion from the isolated perfused canine pancreas was investigated. The somatostatin secretion was reversibly increased in response to addition of ouabain (10(-5) mol/l) and to omission of extracellular K+, procedures which are known to cause a blockade of the Na+/K+ pump. The stimulatory effect on somatostatin release was abolished during calcium depletion. The results suggest that the operation of the Na+/K+ pump plays an important role for the somatostatin secretion. The action of the Na+/K+ pump on the secretory function of the D-cells is dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium. PMID- 7358331 TI - Persistence of an increment of addative liver growth induced by triiodothyronine. PMID- 7358332 TI - Syntheses and hypoglycemic activities of ethyl esters and various amides of omega guanidino fatty acids with medium chain length. AB - The omega-guanidino fatty acids C6-C12 were prepared by amidination of the corresponding omega-amino acids. omega-Amino acids C7-C10 which are not available commercially, were obtained by use of Hofmann degradation of the next higher dicarboxylic monoamid monoethyl esters. For use in biological tests, the omega guanidino fatty acids were converted into ethyl esters, dimethylamides, sometimes also into methyl- or diethylamides. In isolated fat cells these compounds inhibit glucose oxidation. The inhibition increases with increasing chain length. For example, glucose oxidation (control 100%) is diminished by the dimethylamides of 9-guanidinononanoic acid to 70%, of 10-guanidinodecanoic acid to 62%, of 11 guanidinoundecanoic acid to 17% and of 12-guanidinododecanoic acid to 12%. The same compounds -- except the ethyl esters--depress the blood glucose levels in mice after intraperitoneal injection. Blood glucose levels between 30 and 10 mg/100 ml are reached and convulsions are observed. In the mice fall test, ca. 15 30 min post inj., the mice fall down; the blood glucose values of the fallen mice are hypoglycemic. The toxicity of the compounds examined is remarkably high; lethal dose per mouse (20 g) is 3-5 mg for the dimethylamides. It is obvious that a relationship exists between the inhibition of glucose oxidation in adipocytes and the depression of blood glucose level. The stronger the inhibition, the stronger the blood glucose lowering effect. PMID- 7358333 TI - Subcellular distribution of di- and tricarboxylates and pH gradients in perfused rat liver. AB - The subcellular distribution of malate, 2-oxoglutarate, citrate, aspartate and glutamate and the mitochondrial and cytosolic pH values were determined in perfused livers from fed and fasted rats. The method of fractionation of the freeze-dried tissue in non-aqueous solvents was employed. The following results were obtained: 1) Di- and tricarboxylates are not equally distributed between mitochondria and cytosol. Under the two metabolic conditions studied, the concentrations of citrate and 2-oxoglutarate are higher and those of glutamate and aspartate are lower in the mitochondria than in the cytosol. The distribution of malate varies with the metabolic state. 2) From the distribution of 5,5 dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione it was calculated that the mitochondrial matrix has a more alkaline milieu than the cytosol. The cytosol is also more acidic than the perfusate. The pH difference between mitochondria and cytosol is 0.3 in the fed state and 0.6 in the fasted one, whereas the pH difference between perfusate and cytosol is 0.4 in the fed state and 0.2 in the fasted one. 3) In livers from fed rats, citrate, malate and 2-oxoglutarate appear to be distributed according to the pH gradient across the mitochondrial membrane, whereas in the fasted state, the distribution does not correspond to the pH gradient. Glutamate and aspartate do not follow the pH gradient in either metabolic state. 4) The data indicate that the pH gradient across the mitochondrial membrane does not reflect the membrane potential or the energy state of mitochondria in the intact cell. PMID- 7358334 TI - Dansylated proteins as marker proteins during isoelectric focusing. PMID- 7358335 TI - Resolution, purification and some properties of three glutathione transferases from rat liver mitochondria. AB - From the matrix of rat liver mitochondria, three GSH transferases were isolated and named Transferase 1, 2.1 and 2.2. Transferases 1 and 2.2 were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. Transferase 1 contributes up to about 90% of the total mitochondrial GSH-transferring activity. It has a molecular weight of approx. 45 000 and is composed of two subunits of similar size. The isoelectric point is at pH 7.1-7.4. The Km values for GSH and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene are 0.3 and 0.7 mmol/l respectively. Transferase 2.2 has the same molecular weight and subunit structure like the Transferase 1 and an isoelectric point at pH 4.8. The apparent Km values for GSH and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene are 0.3 mmol/l and 0.4 mmol/l respectively. Transferase 2.1 contributes only 1% of the total mitochondrial GSH-transferring activity. It has high apparent Km values for both GSH and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (5.6 mmol/l and 1.3 mmol/l resp.) and a limited spectrum of substrates. PMID- 7358336 TI - The amino acid sequence of the L-2 light chain of chicken skeletal muscle myosin. AB - The L-2 light chain of chicken skeletal muscle myosin was isolated and carboxymethylated. The L-2 light chain was digested with trypsin. The tryptic peptides thus obtained were separated and purified. The amino acid compositions and sequences of the tryptic peptides were analyzed. The primary structure of the L-2 light chain of chicken skeletal muscle myosin was determined by comparing the amino acid sequences of these tryptic peptides with the amino acid sequence of the L-2 light chain from rabbit skeletal muscle myosin. PMID- 7358337 TI - Homologous low density lipoprotein does not affect proteoglycan metabolism of cultured skin fibroblasts and arterial smooth muscle cells. AB - The relevance of lipoprotein-glycosaminoglycan interactions on the proteoglycan metabolism was investigated. The following results were obtained: 1) Biosynthesis of [35S]proteoglycans by cultured human skin fibroblasts and their distribution to different compartments are neither affected by preincubation of the cells with homologous LDL nor by their presence. The internalisation of LDL was evidenced by a marked depression of [14C]cholesterol synthesis from [1-(14)C]-acetate. 2) Under the conditions of endocytosis experiments the formation of insoluble proteoglycan-LDL complexes is insignificant. Endocytosis and degradation of exogenous proteoglycans by skin fibroblasts or arterial smooth muscle cells proceed at normal rates in the presence of low or excess LDL concentrations. 3) From the results it may be concluded, that internalized LDL and their degradation products neither influence the synthesis and distribution of sulfated proteoglycans nor control expression and function of proteoglycan specific cell surface receptors. PMID- 7358338 TI - Metabolism of cell surface-associated sulfated glycosaminoglycans in cultured human smooth muscle cells. AB - Smooth muscle cells grown from human aorta synthesize chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate as sulfated glycosaminoglycans. These polymers are found mainly extracellularly and in association with the cell membrane. Each compartment is characterized by a distinct distribution pattern of sulfated glycosaminoglycans though considerable variability was noted between different cell lines. On incubation of the cells in the presence of [35S]sulfate for up to 72 h no significant change in the distribution pattern of newly synthesized extracellular and membrane-associated glycosaminoglycans was found. Prelabeling experiments revealed that pericellular glycosaminoglycans are metabolically heterogenous. they leave their compartment with half-lives of less than 10 h and 1--3 days respectively. During the initial period of the chase experiment (up to 12 h) about equal proportions of the material disappeared either by shedding into the culture medium or by endocytosis. Thereafter, release of macromolecules into the medium exceeded endocytotic uptake. None of the individual glycosaminoglycans on the cell surface showed a clear preference for its removal either by shedding or by endocytosis. It is concluded that cell surface-associated glycosaminoglycans are neither direct precursors of the extracellular glycosaminoglycans nor do they represent mainly extracellular glycosaminoglycans which are in the process of endocytosis. PMID- 7358339 TI - Structure of the Ss blood group antigens. I. Isolation of Ss-active glycopeptides and differentiation of the antigens by modification of methionine. AB - The Ss blood group antigen determinants were found to be associated with the N terminal tryptic and chymotryptic glycopeptides (residues 1--35 or 1--32) of the Ss sialoglycoprotein from human erythrocyte membranes. The N-terminal portion (residues 1--26) of these peptides is largely identical with that of the MN sialoglycoprotein. Therefore, and since the Ss activity of tryptic glycopeptides was higher than that of chymotryptic fragments, it is concluded that the structural difference between the S and s antigens is located on the C-terminal part (residues 27--32) of these peptides. Chemical modification of sialoglycoproteins by various methods suggests that Glu residue(s) (positions 29 or 28, 31) and possibly alpha-GalNAc-Thr (residue 25) are recognized by anti-S and -s. Carboxymethylation, performic acid, hydrogen peroxide and cyanogen bromide treatment destroy the S antigen, but have no effect on the s receptor. This suggests that the S antigen is determined by a methionyl-residue. PMID- 7358340 TI - Synthesis and biological activities of arginine-vasopressin analogues with reactive groups. AB - The synthesis and biological activities of arginine-vasopressin analogues are described, where p-azido-L-phenylalanine [Phe(pN3)] or p-(bromoacetylamino)-L phenylalanine [Phe-(pNHCOCH2Br)] replace Tyr2 or Phe3. The hormone analogues are prepared via precursors containing p-aminophenylalanine [Phe(pNH2)] in position 2 or 3. During peptide synthesis the p-amino group of [Phe(pNH2)] is protected by the tert-butyloxycarbonyl or the benzyloxycarbonyl group, the side chains of cysteine and arginine by the acetamidomethyl residue and the tosyl group, respectively. The amino and guanidino protecting groups are removed from the nonapeptides by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid yielding the S-protected derivatives which are cyclized by means of iodine. The ring closure by disulfide formation is confirmed by Edman degradation, CD and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Modification at the p- and alpha-amino groups result in [Phe(pN3)2]-vasopressin, [Phe(pNHCOCH2Br)2]vasopressin, Nalpha-dansyl-[Phe(pN3)2]vasopressin, [Phe2,Phe (pN3)3]vasopressin and [Phe2,Phe(pNHCOCH2-Br)3]vasopressin. The analogues modified only in position 2, [Phe(pN3)2]vasopressin stimulate the adenylate cyclase derived from bovine kidney inner medulla to similar maximal velocities as arginine vasopressin and show high apparent affinities for enzyme activation. The Nalpha-dansyl derivative and the analogues with reactive groups in position 3 have reduced maximal velocities and apparent affinities for vasopressin-sensitive adenylate cyclase. These results suggest that especially the derivatives with reactive groups in position 2 are useful for the labelling of vasopressin receptors in plasma membranes and for studies of covalent hormone-receptor complexes. PMID- 7358341 TI - Aggregate formation of gangliosides at low concentrations in aqueous media. AB - The gangliosides GLac1, GGtri1 and GGtet1 in aqueous medium sediment in the ultracentrifuge as oligomeric aggregates independent of concentration at 10(-3)M to 10(-9)M with the sedimentation constants S20,W of 5.3, 7.5 and 10.0, respectively. If gangliosides dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide were diluted with water, this resulted in aggregates with lower sedimentation coefficients. In the presence of 1M tetramethylurea no sedimentation of gangliosides could be observed in the ultracentrifuge. A ganglioside analogue (gangliosidoide) with two hydrocarbon chains instead of the ceramide moiety shows a similar sedimentation behaviour as the native compound GGtet1. However, a ganglioside analogue with only one aliphatic hydrocarbon chain forms sedimenting aggregates only at concentrations exceeding 10(-3)M. PMID- 7358342 TI - D-Glucose transport into suspended human fibroblasts. Rapid measurement of uptake by silicone oil filtration centrifugation, and comparison of different cell detachment procedures. AB - The uptake of 14C-labeled D-glucose into the cellular space of human diploid fibroblasts (Flow 2000)--grown to confluency and detached with trypsin-EDTA--was studied using silicone-oil-layerfiltering centrifugation. This method is rapid enough to enable the determination of initial transport rates, which are not complicated by subsequent metabolism of the hexose taken up into the cells. D Glucose uptake shows saturation kinetics with a Km of 1.8mM and maximal transport capacity of 4--8 nmol/(10(6) cells x min) at 20 degrees C. This saturable transport system is responsible for at least 80% of the total glucose taken up into the cells in the concentration range tested (0.1--10mM D-glucose in incubation medium). The glucose carrier is stereo-specific, is independent of sodium and potassium ions, and is inhibited by cytochalasin B. Its temperature dependence reveals an activation energy of 3 1 kJ/mol (7.5 kcal/mol; Q10 approximately equal to 1.5). As detachment of the cells from the culture flasks is necessary for applying silicone-layer-filtering centrifugation, various detachment procedures were tested. In the enzymatic procedure cells were treated with either trypsin or pronase. In the chelating method, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions were chelated by EDTA and K+ ions with sodium tetraphenylborate. For mechanical detachment, cells were grown initially on plastic foil. After each of these detachment procedures the transport of D-glucose was the same. It is therefore concluded that this method of rapid measurement of D-glucose uptake in suspended human fibroblasts may serve as an alternative to the uptake measurement with glucose analogues in attached cells when studying the hexose transport system in human diploid fibroblasts. PMID- 7358343 TI - Ovarian sex cord tumours with annular tubules. AB - Five cases of ovarian sex cord tumours with annular tubules are presented. The ages of the patients ranged from 8 to 45 years and the size of the tumours varied from 1 to over 18 cm in diameter. All patients presented with evidence of hormonal disturbance and two appeared to have excess gonadotrophin production. The Peutz-Jeghers syndrome was not described in any patient. The possible origin of the tumour is discussed. PMID- 7358344 TI - Sex cord tumour of the ovary with annular tubules (SCTAT). AB - Two cases of sex cord tumour of the ovary with annular tubules were diagnosed in African females of 23 and 57 years. In one case it was associated with the Peutz Jeghers syndrome and with Stein-Leventhal ovaries whilst in the other case, pigmentation of the oral mucosa was present but without demonstrable polyposis of the intestine. The patient with the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome presented with primary sterility whilst the other patient had a normal menstrual and obstetric history. Signs of virilization were not found in either case. The previously reported literature is reviewed and discussed. PMID- 7358345 TI - Metaplastic polyps and polyposis of the colorectum. AB - Five hundred and fifty-four colorectal metaplastic polyps have been studied histologically. Whilst most lesions were small and sessile, 16.1% measured greater than 0.5 cm in diameter and 0.9% were greater than 1 cm. The larger polyps were frequently pedunculated and occasionally showed a tubulo-villous or villous pattern. A structural similarity between the larger metaplastic polyps and colorectal adenomas is illustrated and the importance of the distinction of metaplastic from dysplastic epithelium in the differentiation of these lesions is stressed. Other unusual features of metaplastic polyps are described. Evidence is given to suggest that males have a greater propensity to develop metaplastic polyps than females. A search for men adenomas, but relatively frequent (20.8%) in juvenile polyps. Finally, seven patients with multiple metaplastic polyps of the colorectum are described, in whom a diagnosis of adenomatous polyposis had been made at some stage in their management. Six of the seven patients were males and the mean age at presentation was 37.4 years. Larger metaplastic polyps were frequent in these cases. The necessity for histological confirmation in all cases of intestinal polyposis is stressed, and the possibility that 'metaplastic polyposis' is a pathological entity is discussed. PMID- 7358346 TI - The changing pattern of paraquat poisoning in man. AB - The clinical and pathological findings are described in 14 patients who died between 6 hours and 26 days after drinking paraquat. Respiratory failure and delayed pulmonary fibrosis have become the hallmark of this poison, but were not the common mode of death in this series. Toxic myocarditis, renal tubular necrosis and centrilobular liver cell damage were significant factors in the eight deaths which occurred within 5 days of paraquat ingestion. Similar abnormalities plus respiratory failure caused the two deaths which occurred 5 and 6 days after consumption of the poison. Respiratory failure was the sole cause of death in only four patients who died 8 to 26 days after drinking paraquat, although the lungs showed pathological changes in all cases. The patients who died in multisystem failure, with one exception, had drunk larger quantities of paraquat than those who survived for a longer period and died in respiratory failure. PMID- 7358347 TI - Cerebral damage in paraquat poisoning. AB - This is the first report on cerebral changes in eight patients who died of paraquat poisoning. These included generalized oedema, haemorrhages (both subependymal and subarachnoid), glial reactions (microglial activity and astrocytic response) and meningeal inflammation. Oedema and haemorrhage were the most consistent and significant findings; they suggest that paraquat may damage the cerebral blood vessels. The distribution of haemorrhages was unusual and resembled that seen in thiamine deficiency. PMID- 7358348 TI - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia involving skeletal muscle. AB - A vascular tumour involving the trapezius muscle is described. In addition to proliferating blood vessels with perithelial cuffing, there was a distinctive stroma of lymphoid aggregates, plasmacytoid cells, some mast cells and large numbers of eosinophils, many with a perivascular distribution. This solely intramuscular lesion was considered to be an example of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. The aetiology and pathogenesis are discussed. PMID- 7358349 TI - Atypical gastric carcinoids. AB - Four examples of infiltrating gastric tumours which had light microscopic features suggestive of carcinoid or oat-cell carcinoma are documented. Histological and ultrastructural findings indicated that these tumours were atypical carcinoids. A spectrum of endocrine cell neoplasia in the stomach analogous to that observed in the bronchus is postulated. It is felt that increased recognition of poorly differentiated endocrine tumours of the stomach might be of prognostic and therapeutic importance. PMID- 7358350 TI - Hospital labor scene marked by union issues. AB - Unionization and collective bargaining issues, especially for nurses, and the attendant NLRB, court, and arbitration decisions are dominating the field of health care labor relations. PMID- 7358351 TI - Management engineering: increased use of management tools seen. AB - During the past year, management engineering techniques were more widely used in departments within hospitals. This broadened dissemination is essential if the field is to thrive. PMID- 7358352 TI - Health care good, one survey finds. AB - Most citizens have good access to care and are generally pleased with its quality. PMID- 7358354 TI - Multi-institutional arrangements: shared service programs are on the rise. AB - Multi-institutional arrangements, especially shared service organizations and multihospital systems, grew considerably in 1979. PMID- 7358353 TI - Committee acts as collective voice on health legislation. PMID- 7358355 TI - Planning amendments highlight of year. AB - After two years of review and debate, the upshot is that competition in the health care field has been strongly encouraged. PMID- 7358356 TI - Corporate planning: business not as usual in hospitals. AB - Because of the business community's increased involvement in the health care sector, hospitals' planning functions are beginning to resemble those of major corporations. PMID- 7358357 TI - Pharmacists are not just pill-counters. AB - Adoption of unit-dose drug distribution systems, expansion of clinical pharmacy services, and an emphasis on quality and costs were the major themes during 1979. PMID- 7358358 TI - Technology: lauded and rapped in '79. AB - Last year, advanced medical technology came under close public scrutiny and received major awards as well as sharp criticism. PMID- 7358359 TI - Four-city joint purchasing plan gets under way. PMID- 7358360 TI - Rochester group launches new plan to reduce costs. PMID- 7358361 TI - Task force finds Maryland nurse shortage 'severe'. PMID- 7358362 TI - Mergers, contracts, and acquisitions. PMID- 7358363 TI - Staff appointments: respective rights and privileges. PMID- 7358364 TI - Various approaches used to effect cost containment. PMID- 7358365 TI - Hospitals outperform the general economy. PMID- 7358366 TI - Hospitals will survive in an uneasy economy. AB - As a result of volume purchasing, fuel conservation programs, and other measures, hospitals are exhibiting a slower increase in costs than is the economy as a whole. PMID- 7358367 TI - Educators key to coping with change. AB - As cost constraints and federal regulations continue, the function of the hospital educator will be essential in helping the institution cope with the rapid changes in the field. PMID- 7358368 TI - Financial management: of rates, reimbursement, and regulation. AB - Reimbursement innovation, regulation and its impact on costs, and the reintroduction of competitive models are a few of the issues covered in the financial management literature. PMID- 7358370 TI - Hospitals--things to come in the '80s. PMID- 7358371 TI - Nursing shortage and threat of cost control laws dominate discussion at Mid-West Health Congress. PMID- 7358369 TI - Management of computerized systems noted. AB - Applications of computer systems in hospitals have expanded, but administration's management of these systems, from design through postimplementation phases, is stressed. PMID- 7358372 TI - Multihospital systems to thrive in difficult times, speakers say. PMID- 7358373 TI - Air rights span links outpatient center, hospital. PMID- 7358374 TI - Hospital managers score notable cost success. PMID- 7358376 TI - Psychiatric hospital aids its community. AB - A state hospital, which had been viewed as an unwelcome neighbor, has adopted a youth employment program that has established the facility as an asset to the community. PMID- 7358375 TI - Regs control the planning process as well as the plan. AB - Approval for hospital expansion plans rests on how much they conform to the state health plan, the health state plan, the health systems plan, and the annual implementation plan. A hospital's planning process must start with a detailed analysis of these plans. PMID- 7358377 TI - Children respond to therapeutic art. AB - Decoration and design in pediatric units should relate to patients' developmental states, cognitive skills, and perceptions of reality rather than relying on cuteness and whimsy. PMID- 7358378 TI - Department devises dietary safety program. AB - A dietary department's safety program is conducted and controlled by all of the department's employees on a rotating basis through service on a safety committee and as safety inspectors. PMID- 7358379 TI - Getting the message where it counts. AB - Recent experience indicates that getting the hospital's story across to the public is not nearly as important as getting the right message to the right people at the right time. PMID- 7358380 TI - Reciprocal translocation t(5;6)(p13;q27) through three generations: case report of cri du chat syndrome. AB - A male infant with cri du chat syndrome was found to have a deletion of the short arm of No. 5 chromosome and which was due to maternal reciprocal translocation t(5;6)(p13;q27). His elder sister and his grandfather were also identified as the translocation carriers. PMID- 7358381 TI - Incidence of chromosomal rearrangements in couples with reproductive loss. AB - We report on 50 couples with reproductive loss did not have any detectable chromosome abnormality. A history of a previous child with multiple congenital abnormalities may be significant in identifying couples with a structural rearrangement. Only by studying more families can this hypothesis be tested. Studies of abortus tissue reveal a high percentage of chromosome abnormalities but a very low incidence of unbalanced translocations. Cytogenetic studies are indicated in a couple which has a past history of spontaneous abortions and a previous child with multiple congenital anomalies. PMID- 7358382 TI - Trisomy 16q21 = to qter. AB - A case of trisomy 16q secondary to a paternal 16/18 translocation is described. A comparison of this case with the few other cases of trisomy 16q described in the literature indicates that trisomy for the long arm of chromosome 16 results in a severely affected phenotype and early death. Conversely, patient with trisomy 16p do not have gross abnormalities. We postulate that the prenatal lethality of full trisomy 16 is mainly due to the trisomy for the long arm. PMID- 7358383 TI - Trisomy 20pter = to q11 in a malformed boy from a t(13;20)(p11;q11) translocation carrier mother. AB - A 3 1/2-year-old boy revealed moderate motor and mental retardation, normal growth, a congenital heart defect and multiple minor dysmorphic signs and anomalies including brachycephaly, orbital hypotelorism, upward slanting palpebral fissures, short and beaked nose, full cheeks, malformed auricles, hypoplastic external genitalia, rocker-bottom feet with prominent heels, and various minor radiologic anomalies of bones. An extra chromosome in his karyotype appeared to represent trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 20 due to a maternally inhherited balanced t(13;20)(p11;q11) translocation. PMID- 7358385 TI - Balanced translocation (10;13) in a father, ascertained through the study of meiosis in semen, and partial trisomy 10q in his son. Characterization of the region responsible for the partial trisomy 10q syndrome. AB - We describe a reciprocal translocation (10;13) in a man, ascertained through the study of meiosis in semen, and a partial trisomy 10q in his abnormal son. The phenotypic anomalies of the partial 10q trisomy syndrome are probably due to the presence in triplicate of the region q25 = to qter of chromosome 10. PMID- 7358384 TI - Tertiary trisomy (22q11q),47,+der(22),t(11;22). AB - We describe a case of tertiary trisomy (22q11q) 47,XX,+der(22),(22pter = to 22q13 :: 11q25 = to 11qter) in a child with mental retardation, cleft palate, and congenital heart disease resulting from 3 : 1 meiotic nondisjunction in a maternal (11;22) translocation carrier. The clinical findings in previously reported cases are reviewed and compared with the features of reported patients with "partial trisomy 11q" and "trisomy 22" syndromes. Half of the ten reported families had additional balanced translocation carriers who may have an increased risk of having a liveborn child with an MCA/MR syndrome, although none have been reported to date. PMID- 7358386 TI - Duplication-deficiency of chromosome 18, resulting from recombination of a paternal pericentric invesion, with a note for genetic counselling. AB - A fifth case of rec(18) resulting from recombination of a paternal pericentric inversion is described. The propositus' complement includes a chromosome 18 with partial deletion of the long arm, and partial duplication of the short. The recombination risk is evaluated at 5%. The eventuality of deleterious effects of pericentric inversions is discussed. PMID- 7358387 TI - Banded karyotypes from bone marrow: a clinical useful approach. AB - We have developed a new protocol for the preparation of banded chromosomes from human bone marrow. This protocol incorporates new procedures with improvements in conventional ones to rapidly produce high quality banded karyotypes from bone marrow aspirates. Tissue culture is completely eliminated and replaced with a truly direct method of chromosome preparation in which a small amount of marrow is treated with a solution containing trypsin, hypotonic salts and colcemid (THC). The THC protocol, when compared with standard short term culture methods for marrow chromosome preparation, produces more extended and more readily banded chromosomes. Rapid banding is further facilitated by replacement of standard G banding technique with Wright's staining. The technical developments allow karyotypic analysis within 2-4 h after receipt of the specimen. The high quality and rapidity of the THC protocol have important implications for the clinical usefulness of cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow in studying congenital defects as well as leukemias and lymphomas. PMID- 7358388 TI - Mechanisms of Giemsa banding. II. Giemsa components and other variables in G banding. AB - We investigated the capability of individual thiazins in Giemsa mixture (methylene blue and azures A, B, and C) and of two related dyes (toluidine blue and thionin) to produce G-banding. We further tested the effects of variations of buffer composition and concentration, dye concentration, and staining time. G banding was produced by all of the dyes at low concentrations, although differences were noted. Overall, methylene blue and azure B produced the best banding, azures A, C, and toluidine blue produced moderately good banding, and thionin produced poor banding. This order did not appear to be altered essentially by different treatments. The optimal conditions for G-banding for all dyes and treatments included the use of (1) 0.025-0.05 M phosphate buffer, (2) dye concentrations of 0.002%--0.005%, and (3) staining times of 6--15 min. PMID- 7358389 TI - Prenatal exclusion of congenital erythropoietic porphyria (Gunther's disease) in a fetus at risk. AB - Amniotic fluid porphyrins, biosynthesis of porphyrins by amniotic cells, and uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase were studied after the 17th week of a pregnancy at risk for congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP). Only coproporphyrin was found in amniotic fluid. A diagnosis of CEP was ruled out by the demonstration of normal cosynthetase activity; biosynthesis of porphyrins was identical, not only in the porpositus and in control amniotic cells, but also in patients with CEP and in control skin fibroblasts. PMID- 7358390 TI - Atypical segregation of esterase D: evidence of a rare "silent" allele EsD0. AB - Electrophoretic study of esterase D in 1027 mother-child pairs showed an atypical segregation of EsD alleles in one pair. The family analysis confirmed the evidence of a 'silent' gene (EsD0), which was observed in child, mother and grandfather. R banding of the metaphasal chromosomes revealed the normal appearance of the No. 13 pair, and no deletion of homologues No. 13 was observed in this family. PMID- 7358391 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Thailand. The occurrence of three electrophoretic variants among 1157 nondeficient males. AB - Erythrocyte G6PD from 1157 nondeficient Thai males was studied electrophoretically. The enzyme from four subjects showed abnormal mobility. Characterization of the enzyme revealed three new variants: G6PDs Ayutthaya (n = 2), S-Sakorn, and Chao Phya. PMID- 7358392 TI - Nomarski-optical studies of human chromosomes R-banded with barium hydroxide. AB - The morphologic changes occurring in human chromosomes during R-banding by Ba(OH)2 treatment were followed with the aid of bright-field and Nomarski interference contrast microscopy. It was found that the hot Ba(OH)2 pretreatment alone, i.e., without staining, caused a pattern of transverse ridges in the chromosomes that clearly corresponded to positive R-band regions. No chromosomal collapse could be seen during any stage of the R-banding procedure. Thus these events contrast with those observed in G-band formation with trypsin, where complete chromosomal collapse occurs after pretreatment and where staining is necessary to induce G-band ridges. The possible mechanism of R-band induction by Ba(OH)2 is discussed. It is proposed that the R-band ridges arise as a result of chromatin loss from the interband regions during the hot alkaline pretreatment. PMID- 7358393 TI - Determinants of blood pressure in Japanese-American Families. AB - Blood pressure gave evidence for genetic heritability (0.24 for systolic 0.19 for diastolic) and for cultural heritability (0.16 for systolic, 0.09 for diastolic in children) in a sample of Japanese-American families. A small but significant fraction of cultural inheritance was due to maternal effects, possibly mediated through dietary habits. There was no convincing evidence for major loci causing hypertension in this population, and the polymorphism proposed by Platt was excluded as a principal cause of hypertension. PMID- 7358394 TI - The presence of androgen-binding receptors in genital and nongenital skin fibroblasts. AB - The specific, receptor-dependent 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone-binding capacity of cultured fibroblasts derived from genital and nongenital skin has been compared. With the methods employed, the detectable amount of the DHT receptor in nongenital skin-derived fibroblasts is variable, often approaching the limit of detectability. Therefore it is concluded that for differential diagnosis of disorders of sexual development, DHT-binding studies should be performed with genital skin fibroblasts only. PMID- 7358395 TI - Partial short arm deletion of the X chromosome 46,X,del(X)(qter = to p21:). AB - It is known from the literature that total loss of the short arm causes complete Turner's signs (Hoo, 1975; Therman and Patau, 1974). Partial deletions of the short arm of the X chromosome are in some cases compatible with fertility (Fraccaro et al., 1977; Hoo, 1979), but in other cases they cause a significant ovarial insufficiency with Turner's signs (Giraud et al., 1974) or gonadal dysgenesis (Petrinelli et al, 1978). A common sign for all the patients having the Xp - with the break point in the dark band (p113-p21) seems to be a short stature. The presence of other clinical signs is rather irregular. In this work, a 25-year-old female patient have a Xp deficiency in region p21 (46,X,del(X) (qter = to p21 :)) with short stature, primary amenorrhea, sterility, and clear Turner's is described. PMID- 7358397 TI - Acrodysostosis and blue eyes. PMID- 7358396 TI - Reply to the letter of Prieto et al. concerning our paper on a case of 13q;18q translocation. PMID- 7358398 TI - A note on gene frequency estimation with misclassification present. AB - A genetic model is presented that allows for the maximum likelihood estimation of gene frequencies for simple Mendelian inheritance when specific patterns of misclassification are present. Formulas for the variance of these estimates are also given along with an example of application. PMID- 7358399 TI - Heritability estimates of somatotype components based upon familial data. AB - Somatotype components were obtained in 239 French-Canadian families from Montreal. Endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy were anthropometrically assessed in the Health and Carter system. All three components were available in 208 pairs of siblings, while only ectomorphy was estimated in 507 parent-child pairs. Sibling correlations reached 0.40 for endomorphy, 0.30 for mesomorphy, and 0.38 for ectomorphy. Partialling out the effects of 7 socioeconomic indicators permitted an estimate of common familial environment upon covariation between relatives. Residual sibling correlations yielded broad heritability estimates (HB) of 0.50 for endomorphy, 0.42 for mesomorphy and 0.54 for ectomorphy. Narrow heritability (HN) for ectomorphy, controlling for familial indicators, was approximately 0.36 including a positive contribution from assortative mating. PMID- 7358400 TI - Duplication of region 2q31 leads to 2qter in a family with 2/9 translocation. AB - A balanced carrier mother with a t(2;9) (q31;p24) had a son with partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 2(q31 leads to qter). A comparison of this child with other cases from the literature suggests that hypertelorism, a short nose, a broad nasal bridge, low-set ears, micrognathia, clinodactyly, a short neck and muscular hypotonia are characteristic phenotypic features of individuals having a duplication of 2q31 leads to qter. PMID- 7358401 TI - Determination of parental heterozygosity in dermatoglyphic characters. AB - A method is described for estimating the degree of genetic variability between parents and offspring for polygenic traits. Dermatoglyphic pattern elements on fingertips palms, and soles illustrate the method and the quantitative contribution of each sex was determined. PMID- 7358402 TI - A population genetic study on the Ag polymorphism in South African Indians and Negroids. AB - Two population samples from South Africa, i.e. 555 Bantu-speaking Negroids and 75 Indians, were tested for selected immunogenetic specificities comprising the Ag polymorphism. Within the Negroid sample a new Ag phenotype (i.e. the 49th) was discovered. Interpopulational comparisons involving the present two, as well as three previously studied samples, reveal characteristic differences in regard to the frequency distribution of Ag phenotypes, to the Ag allele frequencies and to the occurrence of Ag haplotypes. These results are discussed. All the data could be interpreted satisfactorily in terms of the genetic model regarding the Ag system as postulated by Butler and his co-workers. PMID- 7358403 TI - Red cell glutathione peroxidase in various Jewish ethnic groups in Israel. AB - Red cell glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity has been measured in samples from seven Jewish population groups in Israel. No significant differences were found between the various communities. The mean GSH-Px activity was similar to that observed by Beutler and Matsumoto in Jewish samples from the USA and Israel. According to a genetic model proposed by the above investigators, the sample was subdivided into three phenotypes with low, intermediate and high activity, suggesting gene frequencies of 0.5072 and 0.4928 for the GSH-PxL and GSH-PxH alleles, respectively. PMID- 7358404 TI - Partial lipodystrophy and familial C3 deficiency. AB - A familial deficiency of C3 in the family of a patient with partial lipodystrophy is reported for the first time. This genetic defect is termed hypomorphism of C3 fast (C3f). The defect is detected by analysis of C3 phenotype by densitometry and crossed gel-immunoelectrophoresis; all affected individuals have had reduced serum C3 (lower than 2 SD below mean) on at least one occasion. The possibility that partial lipodystrophy and the frequently associated glomerulonephritis occur in immunologically deficient individuals is supported by this observation. PMID- 7358405 TI - Mitochondrial malic enzyme polymorphism in an Indian population. AB - Mitochondrial malic enzyme (MEM) was examined by starch-gel electrophoresis in 182 brain samples from 102 male and 62 female subjects of Indian origin in Calcutta, Eastern India. The estimated gene frequencies of MEM were 0.56 for MEM1 and 0.44 for MEM2 in this population. There was no difference in gene frequency between the sexes. No deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed. MES did not show any polymorphism. PMID- 7358406 TI - Genetic characteristics of hemophilia A in Chile. AB - A genetic and demographic study of 40 kindreds (113 cases) with hemophilia A, representing one quarter of all Chilean cases is reported. Only 10 sporadic cases were found. Segregation analysis of progeny from matings Aa X AY showed p = 0.2206 +/- 0.043. Fertility of 59 obligatory carriers was 3.88 children per mother with a mean age of 49.9 years, a figure higher than the mean of a control population, 3.36. The fertility of hemophiliacs was found to be 2.3 compared with their normal sibs with 3.15 children per couple. Life expectancy at birth in hemophiliacs was 22.4 years, compared with 28.1 for their normal brothers, 34.4 for their sisters and 58.5 and 64.6 for males and females in the general population. Mean relative fitness was calculated as 0.45 and the prevalence of hemophilia A in Chile as 1 case among 13,500 males. A preliminary estimate of the mutation rate was 1.35 X 10-5, within expected ranges. During the last 10 years, family planning and modern treatment with cryoprecipitates have increased the mean age of living hemophiliacs from 12.7 up to 22.7 years, and life expectancy from 15.6 to 22.4 years. Probably relaxation of natural selection will account for a possible increase of new cases of hemophilia A in the near future. PMID- 7358407 TI - Effects of parental consanguinity on mortality and reproductive function. AB - A study of consanguinity effects on mortality and fertility was performed. The original series consisted of families selected on the basis of the birth of at least one child with a congenital, monohybrid, autosomal recessive disease. Biologically related families were compared with unrelated ones, the latter group being used as a natural control group. The results are discussed. PMID- 7358408 TI - Comparing the "family set" approach to estimate heritability with other conventional estimators: a Monte Carlo simulation. AB - A Monte Carlo simulation is performed to study the distribution of the family set estimators of heritability and to compare their performance with that of some conventional estimators used in human genetics. Comparisons of statistical properties among the two family set estimators (one based on the partial regression coefficients of the index's values on those of sib and cousin, respectively, and one based on the variances of the differences between the phenotypic values of index and cousin and of index and sib) and the three conventional estimators (one based on regression of index value on midparental value, another based on the sib-sib correlation, and the last one based on the index-cousin correlation) are also made under two genetic models. PMID- 7358409 TI - A two-stage identification scheme for the determination of the parameters of a model of left heart and systemic circulation. PMID- 7358410 TI - Transthoracic ventricular defibrillation in the 100 kg calf with untruncated and truncated exponential stimuli. PMID- 7358412 TI - Implantable electrode pair for recording from intact small nerves. PMID- 7358411 TI - Coherence improvement in white noise analysis by the use of a repeated random sequence generator. PMID- 7358414 TI - Compensation for distortion in eye-movement monitors. PMID- 7358413 TI - The scientific laboratory instrument to computer coupler. PMID- 7358415 TI - A new instrument for the simultaneous measurement of total hemoglobin, % oxyhemoglobin, % carboxyhemoglobin, % methemoglobin, and oxygen content in whole blood. PMID- 7358416 TI - Forced oscillatory parameters of the canine respiratory system with altered vagal tone. PMID- 7358417 TI - Indirect measurement of instantaneous arterial blood pressure in the human finger by the vascular unloading technique. PMID- 7358419 TI - Exploiting the personal computer in the research laboratory. PMID- 7358418 TI - Noninvasive measurement of hematocrit by electrical admittance plethysmography technique. PMID- 7358420 TI - Significance of blood flow in calculations of temperature in laser irradiated tissue. PMID- 7358421 TI - Nonlinear AC and DC polarization of platinum electrodes. PMID- 7358422 TI - A microprocessor-controlled dual-channel stimulator. PMID- 7358423 TI - Analysis of the anticomplementary activity in sera of three African patients with parasitic and bacteriological infections. AB - The sera of three different patients from Togo, Africa were investigated with respect to their complement profile. The three patients were suffering from parasitic (Onchocerca volvulus) and bacteriological (Treponema pertenue) diseases. The total hemolytic activity (50% hemolytic complement) was markedly depressed. The analysis of the individual complement components revealed the the titers of C1, C2, C3, and C4 were lowered up to 90%, indicating an activation of the classical pathway of complement. Addition of the patients' sera to normal human serum induced a temperature-dependent consumption of C4 and C2, whereas C3 was not affected. This activity in the patients' sera eluted from a Sephadex-G 200 column with the 19 S peak and could be identified as the activated form of the first component of the complement system. The reason for the presence of activated C1, C1 in the patients' sera resides in the absence of functionally active C1 inactivator. PMID- 7358425 TI - Purification and characterization of a rhamnose-containing cell wall antigen of Streptococcus mutans B13 (serotype d). AB - A rhamnose-containing polysaccharide (RCP) was extracted and purified from cell walls of Streptococcus mutans B13 (serotype d) and was chemically and immunologically characterized. Walls were initially extracted with 5% trichloroacetic acid at 4 degrees C to remove the serotype antigen and were then sequentially extracted with increasing concentrations of hot acid. Extracts lacking galactose were combined and chromatographed on a column of diethylaminoethyl--Sephadex A25. The purified RCP contained 90% carbohydrate, 1.4% protein, and 0.16% phosphorus. Analysis by gas chromatography indicated that the RCP was composed of rhamnose and glucose in a 1.6:1 ratio. RCP was immunogenic in rabbits when animals were immunized with whole cells or cell walls. Antisera prepared against partially extracted cell walls of B13 appeared specific for RCP. These sera were not reactive with purified serotype d antigen or lipoteichoic acid in passive hemagglutination assays or by agar gel diffusion. The RCP appeared to be a cell wall polysaccharide that was both chemically and immunologically distinct from the serotype d antigen. PMID- 7358424 TI - Neutrophil chemotaxis dysfunction in human periodontitis. AB - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) chemotaxis studies of 32 patients with localized juvenile periodontitis (periodontosis or LJP), 10 adult patients with a history of LJP (post-LJP), 8 patients with generalized juvenile periodontitis (GJP), and 23 adults with moderate to severe periodontitis were performed: (i) to determine the prevalence of a PMNL chemotaxis defect in a large group of LJP patients; (ii) to study PMNL chemotaxis in patients with other forms of severe periodontal disease; and (iii) to determine if the PMNL chemotaxis defect seen in LJP patients is a cell-associated defect or is mediated by humoral factors. The effect of periodontal treatment on PMNL chemotaxis was studied in nine LJP patients. The chemotactic response was measured with the Boyden chamber procedure, and patient's peripheral PMNL were compared with those of control subjects, using endotoxin-activated serum, bacterial factor, N-formylmethionyl leucylphenylalanine, and leukocyte-derived chemotactic factor as the standard chemoattractants. Based upon statistical analysis of chemotaxis assays, most carried out on at least two and often three or more separate occasions, 26 of 32 LJP patients, 7 of 10 post-LJP patients, and 5 of 8 GJP patients exhibited cellular defects of chemotaxis, whereas only 2 of 23 of the patients with adult periodontitis exhibited depressed chemotaxis. Elevated PMNL chemotaxis was occasionally found in subjects with juvenile periodontitis (2 of 32 with LJP and two of eight with GJP); however, it was found in a significant number (10 of 23) of patients with adult periodontitis. In eight of nine LJP patients, depressed PMNL chemotaxis was observed before and after periodontal therapy. The results indicate that the PMNL chemotaxis defect observed in juvenile periodontitis is due to a cell-associated defect of long duration. These studies suggest that the PMNL plays a major protective role against periodontal infection and that the cellular chemotactic defects and may predispose subjects to LJP. PMID- 7358426 TI - Transfer factor: a murine model. AB - Transfer factor has been studied extensively in humans, but a satisfactory subprimate model has not been established. Using BALB/c mice immunized with complete Freund adjuvant, we show that a low-molecular-weight substance derived from disrupted spleen cells transferred sensitivity to purified protein derivative (PPD) to recipient nonimmunized BALB/c mice. Transfer was confirmed by footpad swelling to PPD in vivo and by splenic lymphocyte transformation to PPD in vitro. In recipients of transfer factor, an inverse correlation was noted between the splenic lymphocyte response to PPD and to concanavalin A. Material obtained from spleens of saline-treated BALB/c mice did not transfer sensitivity to PPD to recipient mice. PMID- 7358427 TI - Immunochemical studies of the lipopolysaccharides of Vibrio cholerae: constitution of O specific side chain and core polysaccharide. AB - Lipopolysaccharides from various strains of Vibrio cholerae have been found to consist of distinct O-specific side chain and core polysaccharide regions in their degraded polysaccharides. The major identifiable components in the core polysaccharide were phosphorus, glucose, heptose, fructose, and ethanolamine phosphate, with small amounts or traces of mannose, rhamnose, and D-perosamine. On the other hand, glucose, fructose, mannose, rhamnose, glucosamine, D quinovosamine, and D-perosamine were identified from O-specific side chain polysaccharide. The amounts of each component have been determined from O specific side chain and core polysaccharides of the lipopolysaccharides from these bacterial strains. PMID- 7358429 TI - Immunofluorescent characterization of lymphocytes in lungs of rats infected with Mycoplasma pulmonis. AB - Immunofluorescence was used to determine the relative percentages of T and B lymphocytes found in the lungs of normal and Mycoplasma pulmonis-infected F344 rats. Lymphocytes recovered from controls were approximately 25% T, 25% B, and 50% unclassified mononuclear cells. Infected animals had a 2.6-fold greater number of T cells and IgA-bearing cells, and a 1.6-fold greater number of unclassified mononuclear cells. These studies show that M. pulmonis infection significantly alters lung lymphocyte populations both quantitatively and in subpopulation distribution. Therefore, future studies of rat lung lymphocytes should utilize animals known to be free of this ubiquitous respiratory pathogen. PMID- 7358428 TI - Biological and chemical characterization of endotoxin from Capnocytophaga sputigena. AB - An endotoxin was isolated from Capnocytophaga sputigena strain 4 by a modification of the hot phenol-water method. The extraction procedure yielded a lipopolysaccharide which accounted for approximately 1.5% of the dry weight of the cells. The material was composed of 18.6% lipid (as C(15) fatty acid), 46.5% neutral sugar including 9.6% hexose, 18.3% 6-deoxy sugar, 1.0% 2-keto-3-deoxy sugar, and 4.8% heptose. Hexosamine, protein, and phosphorus were found in quantities amounting to 9.0, 2.9, and 2.0% of the dry weight, respectively. No pentose or nucleic acid was detected. Acid hydrolysis resulted in the release of the constituent sugars and the formation of an insoluble precipitate. The lipopolysaccharide was tested for numerous biological activities characteristic of endotoxins. The pyrogenicity was relatively low; the fever index 40 was 17 mug, and 10 mug was required to give the characteristic biphasic fever response. The toxicity of the extract was very low, with a 50% chicken embryo lethal dose of 15.6 mug and a 50% mouse embryo lethal dose of greater than 8 mg. Similarly, the C. sputigena endotoxin had modest effects on leukocytes when compared with endotoxin standards from other organisms. The extract exhibited little or no mitogenicity when tested on mouse spleen lymphocytes. It was not toxic to human peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes and caused the release of only a small (13%) portion of lysosomal enzymes. Although the C. sputigena lipopolysaccharide caused significant activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages, the dose required was twice that of an Escherichia coli endotoxic standard. However, the Limulus amoebocyte lysate clotting activity of the lipopolysaccharide was comparable to that of an Serratia marcescens lipopolysaccharide standard, and passive hemagglutination tests revealed that 1 mug of the lipopolysaccharide was capable of sensitizing 1 ml of a 2% sheep erythrocyte suspension for agglutination with an antiserum prepared against C. sputigena whole cells. PMID- 7358430 TI - Detection of a fibroblast proliferation inhibitory factor from Capnocytophaga sputigena. AB - The addition of a sonic extract of Capnocytophaga sputigena to the culture fluid to human fibroblasts resulted in an inhibition of cell proliferation. The inhibition was dose-related (200 micrograms/ml caused a 90% inhibition, and 1,000 micrograms/ml caused a complete cessation of growth). The growth inhibition was not due to alterations in culture medium, pH or ionic strength, or to the effects of the C. sputigena lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 7358431 TI - Transduction of staphylococcal enterotoxin B synthesis: establishment of the toxin gene in a recombination-deficient mutant. AB - Cotransduction of enterotoxin B synthesis into a recombination deficient mutant only occurred when the donor contained the pEntB plasmid. Enterotoxin B from chromosomal genotypes could not be established in such hosts. These data suggest that the entB gene is not capable of high-frequency translocation. PMID- 7358432 TI - Effect of cultural conditions on trimethylsilyl-sugar profiles of Streptococcus mutans. AB - The cellular carbohydrates of Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10832 were converted to methyl glycoside trimethylsilyl ethers and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. The resulting profiles revealed the presence of glycerol, xylose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylmuramic acid. The proportions of monosaccharides in the profile were found to be stable with respect to changing growth temperature or duration of growth. However, the type of medium used, and its carbohydrate content, did significantly alter the profile, whereas gaseous atmosphere exerted a lesser effect on carbohydrate composition. By controlling growth parameters, we obtained reproducible profiles. Whole cells are probably a satisfactory alternative to highly purified cell walls. PMID- 7358433 TI - Absorption of ablastic activity from mouse serum by using a Trypanosoma musculi population rich in dividing forms. AB - An in vivo assay of ablastin activity was developed by passive transfer of ablastic serum into nude mice. Preparations of Trypanosoma musculi that contained 35 to 50% dividing forms removed ablastic activity from mouse serum, but absorption of serum with a parasite preparation consisting of less than 5% dividing forms did not appreciably alter ablastic activity. These data suggest that ablastin is an antibody that can be absorbed onto homologous trypanosomes. PMID- 7358434 TI - Binding of cholesterol by sulfhydryl-activated cytolysins. AB - The binding of cholesterol by pneumolysin, alveolysin, and streptolysin O has been demonstrated. The properties of the cytolysin-cholesterol interaction parallel those of cytolysin-erythrocyte interaction in that the reaction is rapid, temperature independent, decreased at elevated pH, and shows the same specificity with respect to other related sterols. However, oxidized or p hydroxymercuribenzoate-treated thoxin showed no decrease in cholesterol-binding activity, whereas the ability of cytolysin to bind to erythrocytes was modified by such treatment. PMID- 7358435 TI - Unusual fungal conditions of the skin. PMID- 7358436 TI - Why thimerosal allergy? PMID- 7358437 TI - Zinc in veterinary medicine. PMID- 7358438 TI - Pediculosis in New Zealand. PMID- 7358439 TI - The Fine Page. Single daily dose prednisone. PMID- 7358440 TI - The epidemiology of scabies in Turkey. AB - The epidemiology of scabies for the last twelve years has been studied in Turkey. Information was obtained from three regions (Istanbul, Ankara and Erzurum) having different climates. There has been an increase in scabies in the years following 1969 in Ankara and Erzurum and from 1967 on in Istanbul. It reached its maximum in 1978 in Erzurum, while this peak had been observed in early 1970s in other regions. Scabies incidence has significantly increased and decreased in winters and summers respectively, has been found to affect particularly the age group 15 44, and was observed more frequently in men than in women. Scabies seems to be moving to the eastern parts of Turkey. PMID- 7358441 TI - Cirsoid aneurysm. AB - A cirsoid aneurysm, which is an abnormal arteriovenous connection, occurred in a 65-year-old man. The lesion can vary greatly in size and does not have a characteristic histologic picture. Small lesions require no treatment. PMID- 7358442 TI - Acquired leukonychia striata. PMID- 7358443 TI - The mast cell: its diversity of chemical mediators. PMID- 7358445 TI - Clinical trials in dermatology, part 4: analysis and interpretation. PMID- 7358444 TI - Dermatology in Tanzania. Problems and solutions. PMID- 7358446 TI - Wegener's granulomatosis. PMID- 7358447 TI - "Forceful" prescriptions in dermatology. PMID- 7358448 TI - Tinea versicolor. A reappraisal. PMID- 7358449 TI - Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Greece. AB - Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease endemic in Greece. Cases collected between the years 1975 and 1979 are analyzed from a clinico-epidemiologic point of view. Prevalence is highest in the Ionian islands and Crete. The disease most commonly affects individuals 10 to 20 years of age. The exposed parts of the body are most commonly involved, particularly the face. The period of highest incidence is mid winter. PMID- 7358450 TI - Favus. AB - Favus has become a rarly found chronic fungal infection mainly caused by Trichophyton schoenleini and occasionally by Trichophyton violaceum or Microsporum gypseum. It can still be found in areas where the population suffers from poor hygiene and malnutrition. Cases are seen in the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East, Asia, Poland, Russia, France, and the Balkans. Isolated cases have also been reported from South Africa, Mexico, Central America, and Canada. Cases are encountered occasionally in the United States, almost exclusively in immigrants. PMID- 7358451 TI - Psoriasis and other common dermatoses in leprosy. AB - The medical records of all 309 leprosy patients who have been under the care of the Government Hospital for Hansen's disease in Jerusalem, Israel during the last 30 years, were surveyed. None of the patients showed clinical evidence of psoriasis on numerous examinations conducted during periods of follow-up of up to more than 4 decades. If this finding proves to be reproducible also in other groups of leprosy patients in other regions of the world, this would suggest that psoriasis is very rare among leprosy patients and that psoriatic subjects might have a natural protection against the development of leprosy. This could possibly be explained as the result of the hyperactivity of the reticuloendothelial and phagocytic systems which seems to be an integral part of the psoriatic constitution. PMID- 7358452 TI - Quinidine-induced lichen planus. PMID- 7358453 TI - Carcinoma in situ in verruca vulgaris. PMID- 7358455 TI - Rapid leucine-enkephalin synthesis. AB - Leucine-enkephalin, a naturally occurring pentapeptide with morphine-like activity, has been synthesized by a fragment condensation liquid phase method using 1,3,4-trimethyl-delta 3-phospholene-1,1-dichloride as a coupling agent. The advantages of this method are discussed. PMID- 7358454 TI - Automated solid phase synthesis of thymosin alpha 1. PMID- 7358456 TI - Empirical calculations on cyclic dipeptides. Conformations of aspartic acid, glutamic acid and histidine residues. AB - Empirical conformational energy calculations were carried out for the dipeptides cyclo-(L-Asp-L-His) and cyclo-(L-Glu-L-His). The side chain conformations have been studied for various DKP ring structures, demonstrating that distortions can modify the stability of some conformations by favouring peptide backbone-side chain or side chain-side chain interactions. The carboxylic side chain of Asp and Glu residues can induce specific interactions with the imidazole ring or the peptide bond of the DKP ring which are not found for Ser or Thr. The necessity of including solute--solvent interactions to account for a more realistic conformational behaviour is discussed. PMID- 7358457 TI - X-ray study on homo-oligopeptides t-Boc(L-Nva)6OMe and HCl.H(L-Nva)6OMe. AB - Observations of extended peptide chains, whose direction is perpendicular to the fiber axis (cross-beta-structure) have hitherto been confined to fibrous proteins and to some synthetic polydisperse polypeptides of rather low molecular weight. This structure has now been found in some monodisperse linear homo-oligopeptides with aliphatic hydrocarbon side chains. X-ray fiber diagrams of t-Boc(L-Nva)6OMe and HCl.H(L-Nva)6OMe show the characteristic reflections of this form. In addition, the good orientation of suitably prepared specimens has enabled a fairly complete determination of the hexapeptides unit cell to be made. Both molecules are packed in a pseudomonoclinic lattice whose dimensions are: a = 4.80, b = 59.0, c = 14.86 A, beta = 85 degrees and a = 4.80, b = 58.50, c = 14.84 and beta = 86 degrees for t-Boc(L-Nva)6-OMe and HCl.H(L-Nva)6OMe respectively. It has not been possible from the available experimental data to establish whether the arrangement of the chains within the sheets is parallel or antiparallel. PMID- 7358458 TI - Preparation and properties of Nalpha-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonylamino acids bearing tert.-butyl side chain protection. AB - The preparation is described by several Nalpha-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonylamino acids and derivatives bearing tert.-butyl type side-chain protection of amine, carboxyl, guanido, hydroxyl, imidazol, and sulfhydryl functionalities. Physicochemical properties of these compounds have been determined. Cleavage of the Fmoc group by various amines appears to depend on the base strength and steric hindrance. Premature deblocking of Fmoc group by amine on solid support is very slow and may be negligible under the conditions of solid-phase synthesis. PMID- 7358460 TI - Solid-phase synthesis of porcine vasoactive intestinal peptide. AB - The 28-residue sequence of porcine vasoactive peptide (VIP) was assembled on a benzhydrylamine resin support, cleaved by HF treatment, and purified by ion exchange and partition chromatography. In addition to the normal criteria, the homogeneity of the final material, obtained in 16% yield, was assessed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and the isolation and examination of cyanogen bromide cleavage fragments by the same technique. The purified VIP possessed characteristic inhibitory effects on pentagastrin-induced gastric acid release in the dog. Upon storage, even as the lyophilized powder in vacuo, HPLC revealed the slow formation of a contaminant possibly representing deamidated peptide. PMID- 7358459 TI - Reversible gelation of arachin. AB - Arachin forms a gel at acidic pH (pH less than 3.8) which is thermolabile. The factors governing the gelation seem to be the concentration of the protein, heating temperature, heating interval, cooling temperature of the heated solution, pH, ionic strength and dielectric constant of the medium. Urea decreases gel strength. The cross-links involved in the gelatin of arachin seem to be noncovalent in nature. PMID- 7358461 TI - 99mTc-labelled N-substituted carbamoyl iminodiacetates: relations between structure and biodistribution. PMID- 7358462 TI - Radioiodination of DNA and in vivo studies for tumor localization. PMID- 7358463 TI - Determination of whole-body calcium in vivo in rats by neutron activation analysis. PMID- 7358464 TI - 82Br-bromphenol blue: a potential hepatobiliary imaging agent. Organ distribution and biliary excretion in the rat. PMID- 7358465 TI - A simplified technique for the estimation of the survival of 51 Cr-labelled erythrocytes. PMID- 7358466 TI - Studies with technetium-99m labeled nucleotide analogs. PMID- 7358467 TI - Profile scanning with 47Ca and 32P in skeletal disease--a preliminary comparison. PMID- 7358468 TI - The "high riding" spleen. PMID- 7358469 TI - Labeling human albumin microspheres with radiomercury. PMID- 7358470 TI - [Study of the scintillation output and mechanisms involved in a dioxanebased scintillation gel]. PMID- 7358471 TI - Preparation of technetium-99m glucoheptonate utilizing formamidine sulfinic acid. PMID- 7358472 TI - Production of 52Fe for use in a radionuclide generator system. PMID- 7358473 TI - Electrophilically astatinated proteins. PMID- 7358474 TI - The role of transferrin in the in vivo uptake of gallium-67 in a canine tumor. PMID- 7358475 TI - Development of the junctional complex during differentiation of chick pigmented epithelial cells in clonal culture. AB - The structure and development of junctional complexes during redifferentiation of chick pigmented epithelial cells in clonal culture have been studied with TEM and colloidal lanthanum. The mature junctional complex consists of a zonula adherens which is usually surmounted by one or more macular gap junctions of varying length. Tight junctions (zonulae occludentes) appear to surround the gap junctions and extend into the zonula adherens. Punctate intermediate junctions appear first. As differentiation progresses, these extend to form fasciae and zonulae adherentes. Focal membrane fustions are found both within and above the developing adherens junctions; gap junctions appear to form adjacent to the latter structures. Colloidal lanthanum passes through the junctional regions between cells in the outer zone of the colony but is stopped by those of the differentiated cells, suggesting that these cells are sealed by fasciae or zonulae occludentes. During redifferentiation, groups of cells undergo slow, coordinated contractions which appear to be involved in developing the differentiated cell shape. These begin shortly after the formation of the junctional complexes and are most active during junctional complex maturation. Once cellular junctional complex differentiation is well established, the contractions cease. The possible roles of the different junctions in the development of cellular shape are discussed. PMID- 7358476 TI - Immediate effect of epinephrine on aqueous formation in the normal human eye as measured by fluorophotometry. AB - Epinephrine hydrochloride (1%) and an identical-appearing placebo were instilled into the right/left eye pairs (random assignment) of 24 young normal subjects. Aqueous humor flow (measured by fluorophotometry over a 7 hr period), intraocular pressure, and (in 10 subjects) tonographic facility of outflow were measured. The effects of epinephrine were to lower intraocular pressure (2.8 mm Hg +/- 1.9, mean +/- S.D.), raise the facility of outflow (37.4% +/- 21.7), and increase the rate of formation of aqueous humor (18.6% +/- 18.1). By comparing tonographic and fluorophotometric data in the same subjects, it was postulated that epinephrine increases the rate of outflow via the pressure-insensitive (uveoscleral, uveovortex) outflow pathway. PMID- 7358477 TI - Effect of flurbiprofen on herpes simplex keratitis in rabbits. AB - The rabbit ocular model was used to determine if flurbiprofen, a new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent, caused exacerbation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Acute ocular HSV infections treated with flurbiprofen (0.1%) or dexamethasone (0.1%) drops four times a day for 10 days were similar in severity and duration as measured by corneal lesions, conjunctivitis, and corneal clouding. Eyes receiving placebo healed more rapidly than eyes treated with either anti-inflammatory drug. This preliminary study suggests that flurbiprofen appears to be comparable with dexamethasone in clinical exacerbation of acute ocular HSV infection. PMID- 7358478 TI - Circadian rhythms and variability of the clinical electro-oculogram. AB - Clinical electro-oculograms (EOGs) were recorded from six normal subjects over 24 hr time periods for a total number of 70 EOG'S. Results indicate an inverse relationship exists between the light/dark (L/D) ratio and the dark-trough potential. No relationship was found between the light-peak potential and the L/D ratio. Both the dark-trough potential and the L/D ratio showed a circadian periodicity over working daylight hours and rather aberrant behavior in late evening and early morning hours. Circadian contributions to the L/D ratio are estimated to be between 20% and 50% of the total variability in the normal individuals studied. We suggest the optimal time for single measurements of EOG pathology should be around midday. PMID- 7358479 TI - Simultaneous stereoscopic fundus camera incorporating a single optical axis. AB - The method of stereoscopic fundus photography, where both photographs are taken simultaneously, yields the most consistent and reproducible record of depths in the fundus. However, all systems devised to date have had undesirable photographic aberrations. For the most part, this has resulted because the optical axis of each image is not the same as that of the objective lens. A single-axis system has now been devised to minimize distortions in the stereoscopic photographs, which therefore makes stereophotogrammetry relatively simple. This design also has other advantages such as simplified alignment procedures, the use of Barlow lenses for multiple magnifications, and various paired apertures for obtaining photographs especially adapted to unusual situations. PMID- 7358480 TI - Characterization of retinoblastoma immune complexes. AB - Immune complexes from retinoblastoma sera were characterized with molecular sieve chromatography, affinity chromatography, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Retinoblastoma patients' sera had two well-defined peaks of immune complex activity after molecular sieve chromatography. These protein fractions had a molecular weight of approximately 1.6 x 10(5) and 2.0 x 10(6) daltons. Affinity chromatography with Sepharose 4B-protein A and analytical PAGE demonstrated that IgG was the predominant immunoglobulin in these immune compelxes. Immune complexes also had affinity for Sepharose-concanavalin A, indicating the glycoprotein nature of the antigen component. PMID- 7358482 TI - Preservative cytotoxic threshold for benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate in cat and rabbit corneas. AB - Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CDG) were applied to rabbit and cat corneal epithelium in clinically used concentrations. Corneas were fixed 1/2 hr later and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). BAC was found to produce a progressive increase in damage at concentrations between 0.001% and 0.01% as determined by SEM. CGD produced less damage than BAC at any concentration. Cats lacrimated copiously and blinked frequently after instillation of drops; rabbits did not. No significant difference was found between the two species, however, in their response to the preservative agents tested. It is presumed that binding of these surface active agents occurs almost immediately and is unaffected by tear film dilution. Studies measuring permeability increase in the human eye after preservative use are required to allow clinical interpretation of the data presented here. PMID- 7358483 TI - ERG lens with built-in Ganzfeld light source for stimulation and adaptation. AB - A contact lens for routine electroretinography which contains a Ganzfeld light source is described. The light source consists of six light-emitting diodes and serves both as a stimulus source and a background illumination. The response characteristics with this source are comparable with those of an integrating sphere stimulator. PMID- 7358481 TI - Corneal radius of curvature of the kitten and the cat. AB - Keratometric measurements were made from 38 kittens and cats in a closed breeding colony. Data were obtained on changes of radius of curvature of the cornea as a function of age and weight. The measurements also provided data on estimated changes with growth of corneal astigmatism. PMID- 7358484 TI - The scalp topography of the human visually evoked subcortical potential. AB - Stimulus and analysis parameters have been adjusted to provide optimum conditions for producing and recording the early components of flash visual evoked potentials. A visual evoked subcortical potential (VESP) of mean latency P23-N28 P34 has been recorded in 86% of subjects. The triphasic wave was maximal at an electrode position slightly posterior to the Rolandic/sylvian fissure and topographically separate from the lid electroretinogram and the visual evoked cortical potential. Monocular stimulation shows bilateral reduction of the amplitude of the VESP, indicating that the wave is independent of the retina and optic nerve and must be arising from a postchiasmal site. PMID- 7358485 TI - Orientation-specific losses of contrast sensitivity in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7358486 TI - Macrophage-like properaties of human hyalocytes. AB - The cortical layer of the vitreous body of the eye contains a homogeneous population of hyalocytes. These cells were prepared from human autopsy eyes under sterile conditions by incubating the vitreous gel in tissue culture medium containing 300 micrograms/ml hyaluronidase. With the use of trypan blue staining, 60% to 90% of the cells were viable; they stained strongly for an intracellular nonspecific esterase with alpha-napthylacetate as a substrate. This staining could not be inhibited by sodium fluoride. The hyalocytes showed adherence to glass and plastic surfaces and phagocytosed latex spheres of 1.1 micrometer diameter. On their surface, receptors for IgG and complement components could be demonstrated with a rosette-forming technique using sensitized sheep erythrocytes. All these features strongly support the assumption that hyalocytes are mature cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. PMID- 7358487 TI - Effect of lectins on migration of the corneal epithelium. AB - Rat corneas with 3 mm central corneal abrasions were organ-cultured in the presence of four plant lectins, concanavalin A (ConA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), lotus lectin, and soybean agglutinin (SBA), ConA at 20 and 50 micrograms/ml of culture medium slowed epithelial migration. WGA at 20 and 50 micrograms/ml of medium completely inhibited migration. The effects of the ConA at both 20 and 50 micrograms concentrations and of WGA at 20 micrograms were reversible. Lotus lectin and SBA did not effect motility at concentrations up to and including 50 micrograms/ml of medium. The specific sugar to which SBA binds, N-acetyl-galactosamine, did however, slow epithelial migrations. This study demonstrates that blocking glucose, mannose, and glucosamine sugar moities of glycoproteins on the cell surface and/or basement membrane inhibits epithelial cell migration during healing of corneal abrasions. PMID- 7358488 TI - Acceleration of healing of rabbit corneal endothelium by mesodermal growth factor. AB - Freeze-thaw injuries of rabbit corneas were treated with mesodermal growth factor (MGF) in organ culture and the repair of the endothelium followed by light microscopic examination of endothelial whole mounts. MGF-treated corneas showed an increased number of mitotic figures. In addition, MGF accelerated the rate of cell hypertrophy, formation of spindle-shaped cells, and the rate of their migration into the killed zone so that Descemet's was covered more rapidly than was that of the controls. In MGF-treated corneas, the cells lost their fibroblast like appearance and became endothelial-like in appearance sooner than did the untreated corneas. A short period of treatment (6 hr) was sufficient to stimulate the repair processes described above. The healing responses obtained in organ culture for control eyes approximately those described in the literature for freeze-thaw injuries to the rabbit endothelium in vivo. The data presented also show that it is possible to accelerate endothelial regeneration in wound healing. PMID- 7358489 TI - Radioactive phosphorus uptake test. An in vitro analysis of choroidal melanoma and ocular tissues. AB - The concentration of radioactive phosphorus in uveal melanoma and normal parts of the eye was determined in vitro in 14 eyes. The eyes were enucleated after a positive 32P uptake test. Portions of the melanoma as well as normal choroid, retina, sclera, lens, and vitreous were analyzed. The 32P uptake test had been performed at various intervals after intravenous administration of 32P from 24 to 556 hr. The in vitro uptake of 32P was compared to cell type, tumor volume, time of testing, percent uptake measured clinically, and specific activity. The only positive correlation was between percent uptake measured clinically and 32P concentration (dpm/gm). A higher concentration of phosphorus in melanoma resulted when carrier-free 32P was used. A negative correlation existed between number of hours from injection to clinical measurement of percent uptake, although melanoma to normal choroid ratios did not change from 24 to 72 hr. No correlation was found between uptake and tumor volume. The sample was small; however, we saw no correlation between 32P uptake and degree of malignancy. PMID- 7358490 TI - Apparatus for the measurement of retinal visual acuity by moire fringes. AB - Moire fringes generated by two equal gratings in contact, looked at in Maxwellian view, are well suited for the assessment of retinal visual acuity. High-contrast fringes practically free from spatial harmonics (higher Fourier components) are obtained if, instead of the zero diffraction order, one first-order diffraction spectrum from each of the gratings is isolated by a stop. Thus a pair of coherent light sources is produced, the distance of which can be varied by relative rotation of the gratings. The resulting fringe pattern of variable pitch is characterized by achromatic intensity minima seen against a background of variable color depending on the direction of viewing. These colors can, however, be compensated for by an additional dispersing element near the gratings, e.g., a spectral prism. The device then is an achromatic interferometer, enabling the use of white light. Results do not systematically deviate from those obtained with a monochromatic interferometer using a laser. If desired, fringe contrast can be measurably varied by superimposition of a white light beam, with the intensities of both fields being controlled by polarizers. PMID- 7358491 TI - Contrast sensitivity in the presence of a glare light. Theoretical concepts and preliminary clinical studies. AB - A method is presented for quantitative measurements of the glare effect of light scattered in the ocular media. The contrast sensitivity function is measured with a television display system. A bright light source is introduced into the field of vision, and the resultant decrease in contrast sensitivity is mea-ured. It is further used to calculate a scattering factor which is a direct measure of the intraocular light scattering. The scattering factor shows a marked increase in patients with early cataracts even if their visual acuity is not affected. PMID- 7358492 TI - Circadian nature of rod outer segment disc shedding in the rat. AB - Rod outer segment disc shedding has been examined in the rat to determine whether it follows a circadian rhythm. The burst of shedding that occurs soon after the onset of light repeats daily in continuous darkness for at least 12 days. The disc shedding rhythm becomes slightly longer than 24 hr in continuous darkness, with an estimated period of 24 hr and 8 min to 24 hr and 19 min. In rats maintained in cyclic light, the disc shedding rhythm can be re-entrained to a new light schedule following a phase shift in the environmental lighting. After a 3 hr phase delay, at least 4 weeks is required for re-entrainment. Rod outer segment disc shedding in the rat can be considered to follow a circadian rhythm because (1) it is a self-sustaining oscillation; (2) it appears to free-run with a period close to 24 hr in the absence of lighting cues; and (3) it can re entrain to shifts in the light cycle. PMID- 7358494 TI - Micropachometry: a technique for measuring the thickness of the corneal epithelium. AB - A micropachometer was developed for the measurement of epithelial thickness in the living human cornea. The technique requires no contact with the eye and will be of value in studies of the anterior cornea and the physiological effects of contact lenses. The design is described, and results are presented from measurements of epithelial thickness. PMID- 7358495 TI - Corneal endothelial autoradiography with the scanning electron microscope. AB - A new technique for performing corneal endothelial cell autoradiography with the scanning electron microscope is presented. The scanning electron microscope is able to detect silver grains deposited over tritiated thymidine--labeled nuclei of regenerating corneal endothelium. PMID- 7358493 TI - Ornithine aminotransferase in chick embryo tissues. AB - Ornithine aminotransferase (E. C. 2.6.1.13) deficiency has been found to be associated with congenital atrophy of the choroid and retina of man. A deficiency in this enzyme could be associated in a causal fashion with atrophy, or it could be a coincidental association. To challenge the hypothesis that ornithine aminotransferase activity is required directly or indirectly for maintaining the eye in a functional state, it was of interest to determine the level of activity of this enzyme in normal eye tissue. We report here that the level of ornithine aminotransferase activity in pigment epithelium of chicken is 11 times that found in liver. The level of enzyme activity in retina is 80% of that found in liver. The level of enzyme present in embryonic pigment epithelium is essentially unchanged between the eighth and eighteenth day of incubation. These observations suggest strongly that ornithine aminotransferase activity is involved in maintaining the structure or function of the eye. PMID- 7358496 TI - Acute effect of epinephrine on aqueous humor formation in the timolol-treated normal eye as measured by fluorophotometry. AB - A double-blind, randomized, placebo-control study of the effect of epinephrine on the rate of aqueous formation in eyes pretreated with a beta-adenergic blocking drug was carried out in 25 normal subjects with the use of fluorophotometry. All eyes were pretreated with timolol maleate before epinephrine or placebo was given. The effect of timolol maleate alone was to lower intraocular pressure and to reduce the rate of formation of aqueous humor. In the presence of timolol, aqueous formation was decreased further, approximately 7% more, in the epinephrine treated-eye as compared to the placebo-treated eye. This additional decrease in aqueous formation was statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found in intraocular pressure or in tonographic C value between the epinephrine-treated and the placebo-treated eye. However, intraocular pressure was so low in both eyes that differences in intraocular pressure were not expected and tonographic tracings were difficult to interpret. PMID- 7358497 TI - A long-term implantable aqueous delivery system for the external rabbit eye. AB - An implantable system is described which continuously delivered an aqueous solution to the external surface of six rabbit eyes for 6 weeks. A polytetrafluoroethylene tube was implanted in the superior conjunctival fornix 4 weeks prior to the implantation of the Infusaid pump. The pump provides a fluid source which is easily refilled and requires no batteries or external power source. PMID- 7358498 TI - Mucus-stimulating factor in tears. AB - Mechanisms responsible for regulation of tear film mucus are poorly understood. Humoral factors responsible for stimulation of mucus secretion can be studied in vitro by using the free-swimming urn cell, a normal component of the coelomic fluid of the marine invertebrate Sipunculus nudus. With this system, a tear mucus stimulating factor was found in normal human tears but was markedly decreased in patients with dry eye syndromes. It is suggested that a mucus-stimulating factor exists in normal human tears and that a decrease in this substance may be instrumental in the pathophysiology of certain dry eye syndromes. PMID- 7358499 TI - Cone threshold vs. retinal eccentricity: changes with dark adaptation. AB - Detection threshold vs. retinal eccentricity functions measured during the cone plateau of the dark-adaptation curve differed from comparable functions measured on a uniform photopic background. Dark adaptation increased parafoveal sensitivity more than either foveal or peripheral sensitivity. PMID- 7358500 TI - Clinical method for measurement of light backscattering from the in vivo human lens. AB - A simple clinical method for measurement of light backscatter from defined regions of the lens in vivo is described. Light scattering was quantitated in 168 lenses of 85 "normal" subjects spanning 8 decades of life. The results indicate that light scatter from the anterior capsule does not change with age. The light scatter from the anterior cortex is quite significant even in young lenses and gradually increases with age. The backscatter in the nuclear region is minimal in young eyes, increasing gradually up to the age of 40, after which it exhibits a sharp increase. PMID- 7358501 TI - The therapy of renal adenocarcinoma with immune RNA. AB - Twenty-five patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and ten patients with minimum residual disease, but at high risk of recurrence after surgery, received weekly intradermal injections of purified RNA extracted from lymphoid organs of sheep immunized with human renal cell carcinoma. A retrospective control group consisted of 86 consecutive patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma from the same institution. Group survival was notable in RNA-treated patients who had multiple metastases limited to the lungs when compared with matched controls. Therapy did not influence the survival of patients with metastases to other sites or with multiple organ involvement. Eight of ten patients with minimum residual disease remained free of recurrence from 16 to 36 months after the initiation of therapy. Toxicity of RNA therapy was minimal. Changes in skin test response to dinitrochlorobenzene and common antigens, and levels of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-fixing antibody, were primarily related to changes in tumor burden. Immune RNA therapy may be of value in selected patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and as adjunctive therapy after definitive surgery. PMID- 7358502 TI - Human prostatic epithelial cell culture models. AB - Replicative cultures of human prostatic epithelial cells from normal and neoplastic tissues provide a unique model in which to investigate the etiology of prostatic cancer and to compare the efficacy of therapeutic agents. Recently developed and available methods have been used to isolate and characterize epithelial lines from normal neonatal prostate and from metastatic cancer tissue. A normal prostatic epithelial line has been transformed in vitro by SV 40 virus. Properties of normal, cancer-derived, and transformed normal cells have been compared. The use of these cultures now permits direct experimentation on human cells that would not be feasible by other means. PMID- 7358503 TI - Urinary fibronectin: potential as a biomarker in prostatic cancer. AB - The levels of fibronectin in urine from patients with prostatic cancer, from patients with benign urologic disease, and from healthy control individuals were determined by the use of a gelatin affinity chromatography procedure. The assay does not seem to give false positive results, inasmuch as evaluation of 16 patients with benign urologic disease showed urinary fibronectin levels in the same range as those found in healthy controls. For a single determination, the levels in 42 per cent of prostatic cancer patients were elevated above control levels; when prostatic cancer patients were evaluated sequentially, the determination of urinary fibronectin levels over three sampling times approached a 100 per cent correlation with presence of disease. Inasmuch as levels of urinary fibronectin episodically elevate in patients with prostatic carcinoma, the differential frequency and magnitude of urinary fibronectin elevations may be useful markers to assess tumor aggressiveness and to monitor the impact of a therapeutic modality. PMID- 7358504 TI - Renal adenocarcinoma in the rat: a new tumor model. PMID- 7358506 TI - Studies on a weakly immunogenic squamous cell carcinoma of the rat prostate. AB - Different methods were tested to elicit and assess transplantation immunity against the weakly immunogenic 11095A squamous cell carcinoma, a methylcholanthrene-induced prostatic tumor of the inbred F344 rat strain. The results described emphasize the difficulty with which effective immune responses are induced by very weak transplantation antigens. The importance of using poorly immunogenic tumors as research models is discussed. PMID- 7358505 TI - A new method to determine urinary quinoline compounds in patients with bladder cancer. AB - We developed a new method to measure quinoline compounds including kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, and the 8-methyl ether of xanthurenic acid in the urine. The excretion of quinoline compounds in 33 patients with bladder cancer was investigated. Abnormal excretion of the 8-methyl ether of xanthurenic acid was confirmed in 13 patients. There were significant increases in the excretion of kynurenic acid and the 8-methyl ether of xanthurenic acid in males and of xanthurenic acid in females. After a L-tryptophan load, the excretion of all three derivatives was increased in males and kynurenic acid excretion was increased in females. PMID- 7358507 TI - Actinomycin D cytotoxicity for mouse peritoneal macrophages and effect on lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus replication. AB - Treatment of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus(LDV)-infected mouse peritoneal macrophage cultures with actinomycin D (1 microgram/ml) resulted in a progressive reduction in the formation of LDV-specific RNA and mature virus as the time of incubation with actinomycin D increased beyond 2-3 h. This effect, however, seemed to reflect an unusual sensitivity of macrophages to toxic effects of actinomycin D. Macrophage cytotoxicity and lysis became apparent 3-4 h after addition of actinomycin D; the initiation of synthesis of Sindbis virus RNA, which is insensitive to inhibition by actinomycin D in other cell culture systems, was also reduced in actinomycin-D-treated macrophages. Macrophages propagated in L-cell-conditioned medium were found to be less sensitive to actinomycin D cytotoxicity and, correspondingly, the initiation and synthesis of LDV RNA were less affected. PMID- 7358508 TI - Electron microscopic studies on the crystallization of adenovirus hexon capsomers. AB - Highly purified soluble adenovirus type 1 hexons were crystallized by dialyzing against 0.5 M acetate buffer, pH 4.5, for 3 days. Crystals of tetrahedral shape were formed after storage at 4 degrees within 1--10 days and ranged in size from 0.01 to 0.1 mm. In early phase of crystallization, diffusely dispersed hexons were observed by electron microscopy. Later, continuous monolayers of two dimensional hexon paracrystalline arrays developed. Direct analysis of the electron micrographs and their optical diffraction patterns showed that the structure of the dense two-dimensional crystalline arrays of hexon capsomers was characterized by slightly skew and irregular hexagonal packing. Multilayered microcrystals with regular linear internal structure were also found. In addition, unique forms of aggregated hexons, such as holey hexon lattice and filamentous forms, were also found. PMID- 7358510 TI - Exercise tolerance in patients on chronic hemodialysis. AB - Twenty-two patients on chronic hemodialysis were tested on a bicycle ergometer to determine their near-maximal physical work capacity. The patients were found to have low physical work capacity that averaged 51.6 +/- 3.8 (SE)% predialysis and 50.3 +/- 3.7% postdialysis, when compared with the physical work capacity of healthy control subjects. The exercise was stopped when patients complained of muscular fatigue, and the work load at this point was considered their subjective maximal work capacity. At this stage the patients had high blood lactic acid levels and an increased double product (systolic blood pressure x heart rate), the latter indicating a high stage of cardiac output. The oxygen consumption and oxygen pulse were similar to those obtained from control individuals at the same work load. This study suggests that limited physical work capacity of chronic hemodialysis patients is due to early muscular fatigue. This phenomenon is associated with the rapid onset of anaerobic metabolism and may thus be caused by limited maximal oxygen uptake. PMID- 7358509 TI - A plant virus that partially protects its wild legume host against herbivores. AB - Seedlings of Kennedya rubicunda were manually inoculated with Kennedya yellow mosaic virus and planted along with comparable virus-free seedlings in a coastal bushland site where the plant and virus were common. Virus infection decreased the growth rate of the plants by about one-third; however, virus-free plants disappeared more than twice as quickly as infected plants as a result of grazing by herbivores. In palatability trials using grated carrot bait, caged young rabbits preferred bait mixed with powdered virus-free K.rubicunda leaves to that mixed with virus-infected leaf powder. However, 'polyamine extracts' of the leaves did not have a comparable effect. PMID- 7358511 TI - Comparison of clinic and home blood pressure measurements. AB - The blood pressures of 26 treated hypertensive patients were monitored throughout a 4-min interview with a physician and during a further 6 min of silence. During the period of conversation, the systolic pressure did not change significantly but diastolic pressure rose by 5.6 mm Hg. During the subsequent period of silence the mean systolic/diastolic blood pressure fell by 19.7/11.3 mm Hg. After a training course, 20 of the patients measured their blood pressure at home for one week. There was no significant difference between the mean systolic pressure taken in the home and that measured after 5 min of quiet rest in the clinic. The mean clinic diastolic blood pressure after 5 min of quiet rest was 3.1 mm Hg higher than that measured at home. Since hypertensive cardiovascular complications are more closely related to home than to casual clinic measurements, and since the blood pressure after 5 min of quiet rest in the clinic closely approximates the home measurement, we suggest that clinic blood pressure be taken only after 5 min of quiet rest. PMID- 7358512 TI - Production of immune and viral interferon by lymphocytes of newborn infants. AB - The ability of lymphocytes from newborn infants to produce two types of interferon was compared with that of lymphocytes from older children and adults. Cord blood lymphocytes were as capable of producing both viral interferon (stable at pH 2.0) following stimulation with polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidilic acid and immune interferon (unstable at pH 2.0) following stimulation with phytohemagglutinin as lymphocytes from older individuals. In a mixture of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells, it was the former that produced the interferon. Interferon may be important in the defense mechanism of the newborn infant against viruses and other microbial agents. PMID- 7358513 TI - Visualization of basal ganglia calification by cranial computed tomography in a patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism. PMID- 7358514 TI - The effect of quiet conversation on the blood pressure of hypertensive patients. PMID- 7358515 TI - A saliva substitute as a tool in decreasing overdrinking in dialysis patients. PMID- 7358516 TI - Options for the prevention of motor vehicle crash injury. PMID- 7358517 TI - The placenta in intrauterine fetal deprivation. II. Biochemical profile of placentas from deliveries associated with fetal distress. AB - The activity of enzymes with a regulatory function in the pathways of glycolysis, glyconeogenesis and NADP-generation, and the tissue content of DNA, protein, glycogen, triglycerides (TG), phospholipids (PL), cholesterol and dry matter were investigated in placentas from deliveries accompanied by fetal distress as a result of umbilical cord compression or placental dysfunction in toxemic pregnancies. In placentas from cases of fetal distress due to umbilical cord compression, there was increased activity of pyruvate kinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and NADP-malate dehydrogenase, and decreased activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase was unchanged, and that of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was slightly elevated. The tissue content of dry matter, DNA, TG and PL was increased, whereas the protein, cholesterol and glycogen concentrations remained unaltered. In placentas from deliveries accompanied by fetal distress due to placental dysfunction, pyruvate kinase, when calculated per mg protein, was the only enzyme with decreased activity. TG, PL, glycogen and dry matter content were increased, DNA concentration was decreased, and protein and cholesterol remained unchanged. It is suggested that the divergent placental metabolic patterns found in the two fetal distress groups are related to the different levels of disturbed oxygen passage along the uterus-placenta-fetus axis. PMID- 7358520 TI - Special communication--small airways in perspective. PMID- 7358518 TI - VIP in the rat brain: evidence for a major pathway linking the amygdala and hypothalamus via the stria terminalis. AB - We report here on the detailed distribution of VIP-like immunoreactivity in the rat brain by a combined immunological approach using immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. VIP-like immunoreactivity was widely distributed. Cell bodies and and fibres were noted principally in the cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, suprachiasmatic nucleus and brain stem. In addition dense areas of immunoreactive fibres and terminals were seen in the stria terminalis and its bed nucleus. The fibres appear to form a major VIP-containing pathway which links the amygdaloid complex with the hypothalamus. Although the functional significance of VIP in the brain is unknown, its presence in the amygdala, the hypothalamus and their linking pathway, as well as its pharmacological actions suggest that it may play a role in neuroendocrine regulation and the modulation of hypothalamic function. PMID- 7358519 TI - Electron cytochemistry of oxalate-stimulated calcium uptake in microsomes from the smooth muscle of the pig stomach. AB - A microsomal fraction was isolated from the smooth muscle of the antrum of the pig stomach by differential centrifugation. Electron microscopy of the negatively stained material showed that this fraction is heterogeneous in composition. The microsomes accumulated calcium in the presence of ATP, magnesium and oxalate. The amount of calcium taken up per mg protein was in the same range as observed for other smooth muscle microsomal preparations. Although this amount is much smaller than that in the microsomal fraction of skeletal muscle, calcium oxalate crystals were formed in some vesicles, as occurs in the skeletal muscle fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum. Through the presence of the calcium oxalate crystals, many of these vesicles acquired sufficient mass and density to allow them to be isolated by centrifugation. A purification of about 40 fold in terms of calcium content was reached. PMID- 7358521 TI - Early detection of lung cancer: a method for improving survival rates. PMID- 7358522 TI - Evaluation of small airways dysfunction in asymptomatic cigarette smokers: comparison of six tests. PMID- 7358523 TI - The "rule of 80" for pH analysis of arterial blood. PMID- 7358524 TI - Serum creatine phosphokinase activity in wheezing children. PMID- 7358526 TI - Primary pulmonary hypertension: review of literature with report of a case. PMID- 7358525 TI - Effect of erythrocytes of androgens on 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 7358527 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7358528 TI - Prevention of postoperative respiratory failure. PMID- 7358529 TI - Foreign-body bronchiectasis: an unusual clinical presentation. PMID- 7358530 TI - Interexaminer agreement on patient improvement after negotiated selection of tests. PMID- 7358531 TI - A clinical investigation of the osteopathic examination. PMID- 7358532 TI - The role of percutaneous transhepatic cannulation in preoperative and intraoperative evaluation of biliary flora. PMID- 7358533 TI - Diseases that mimic toxemia of pregnancy. PMID- 7358534 TI - A psychoanalyst glances at family therapists. PMID- 7358535 TI - The cognitive act in dream construction. PMID- 7358537 TI - The question of group therapy--from a psychoanalytic viewpoint. PMID- 7358536 TI - Some interpersonal aspects of self-mutilation in a borderline patient. AB - Some interpersonal aspects of self-mutilation and vampiristic blood rituals in borderline states are discussed, as these were clarified in the therapeutic relationship established with a hospitalized young woman. The therapeutic stance during the period of inpatient treatment discussed emphasized consistent reinforcement of boundaries and limits in order to facilitate a mutual exploration of the interpersonal context in which her symptoms emerged. Blood rituals repeatedly expressed primitive identifications with intrusive, controlling, and sadistic aspects of a psychotic mothering figure. These were reflected in the treatment in her crazed, angry demands--through her symptoms- for a "caring" response from the therapist, whom she deliberately and vengefully assaulted through the medium of her own blood. Her manipulative and controlling efforts to maintain a human attachment highlighted her anxieties about separation and abandonment. In subsequent phases of the psychotherapeutic work, her relation to her own blood reflected struggles with womanhood and sexuality. PMID- 7358538 TI - Divorce in the middle years: the lonely woman and the reluctant man. PMID- 7358540 TI - An experientially oriented critique of conventional psychotherapy. PMID- 7358539 TI - The record. PMID- 7358541 TI - Ethnic roots, transcultural methodology and psychoanalysis. PMID- 7358542 TI - A clinical note on auto-analysis as a narcissistic resistance. PMID- 7358543 TI - Q fever and raw milk. PMID- 7358544 TI - In defense of certified raw milk. PMID- 7358545 TI - Senators fail to support military veterinary corps. PMID- 7358547 TI - Hearing held on animal cancer research bill. PMID- 7358546 TI - FDA permits use of liver fluke drug. PMID- 7358548 TI - ECG of the month. Arrhythmias. PMID- 7358549 TI - Endocarditis caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in a dog. AB - Bacterial endocarditis was diagnosed in a 4-year-old male German shorthaired Pointer with a 4-month history of shifting lameness and intermittent fever. The dog died in spite of treatment for progressive depression and dehydration. Blood cultures were positive for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strain 7, which is known to be pathogenic for dogs. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed at necropsy.20 PMID- 7358550 TI - Choroid plexus tumors in the dog. AB - Clinical and necropsy records for nine dogs with tumors of the choroid plexus were reviewed. In seven of the dogs, the tumors were on the left side of the fourth ventricle. All of the dogs were males, ranging in age from 13 months to 9 years. Upper motor neuron tetraparesis and positional nystagmus were the most common neurologic signs. Less frequently recorded were head tilt, vomiting, bradycardia, and signs of cranial nerve dysfunction. Alteration in consciousness was evident in four of the dogs and ranged from personality changes to coma. PMID- 7358551 TI - Filaroides hirthi in a dog: fatal hyperinfection suggestive of autoinfection. AB - Progressive dyspnea in a dog began 1 month after it had been hit by a car. Radiographs revealed diffuse interstitial and alveolar pneumonia. Large numbers of embryonated eggs were observed in bronchial washings; and many small nematodes, later identified as Filaroides hirthi, were found in the fine needle aspirates of pulmonary tissue. Numerous nematode larvae were demonstrated on fecal flotation. The severe hyperinfection strongly suggested autoinfection, probably associated with depressed immunologic competence due to chronic stress. PMID- 7358552 TI - Facial lymph nodes in dogs. PMID- 7358553 TI - Hyperthyroidism in the cat: ten cases. AB - In ten neutered crossbred cats 10 to 14 years old and of both sexes, hyperthyroidism was evidenced by hyperactivity, weight loss despite increased appetite, frequent defecation with bulky stools, thirst, polyuria, moderately elevated temperature, increased heart rate and size, sometimes with murmurs and arrhythmias, and palpable enlargement of one or both thyroid lobes. The diagnosis of hyperthyroidism was confirmed on the basis of high serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). In seven cats (6 treated by total thyroidectomy, 1 studied at necropsy), both thyroid lobes were variably enlarged, mottled, cystic, or nodular; in three cats, only one lobe required removal. Adenomatous goiter was diagnosed microscopically in all. In two, there also were foci of adenocarcinoma and in two others, foci suggestive of adenocarcinoma. Three of the nine cats having surgery were treated preoperatively to stabilize cardiac function. Most cats recovered from surgery rapidly and without complications but although every effort was made to spare at least one parathyroid gland in cats having bilateral thyroidectomies, two cats had transient signs of hypoparathyroidism, requiring careful monitoring of serum electrolytes and treatment with calcium and vitamin D2. All having bilateral thyroidectomies were subsequently maintained on treatment with l-thyroxine or, in one case, liothyronine (triiodothyronine). PMID- 7358554 TI - Hyperthermia for treatment of ocular squamous cell tumors in cattle. AB - Fifty-six benign ocular squamous cell tumors and 20 squamous cell carcinomas were subjected to hyperthermia (50 C for 30 sec/cm2 of tumor surface) created by radio frequency current from an electrothermal device. Of the 76 tumors, 60 (49 benign and 11 malignant) regressed completely following a single treatment. Among the remaining 16 tumors, 7 benign tumors and 2 squamous cell carcinomas regressed completely following a second treatment, whereas 5 carcinomas regressed partially and 2 carcinomas failed to respond after the second treatment, whereas 5 carcinomas regressed partially and 2 carcinomas failed to respond after the second treatment. Thus, 90.8% of the tumors regressed completely, and all of these sites were free of visible lesions 5 1/2 months after the initial treatment. Of 69 sites that were tumor-free at 5 1/2 months, 42 were available for observation at 1 year; all 42 sites were free of tumor. Squamous cell tumors developed subsequently at other ocular or adnexa PMID- 7358555 TI - Gastroesophageal intussusception. PMID- 7358556 TI - Equine sarcoids. PMID- 7358557 TI - CEM in horses: assuring diagnostic precision. PMID- 7358559 TI - Fish tuberculosis (mycobacteriosis). PMID- 7358558 TI - Statutes of limitation--help or hindrance? PMID- 7358560 TI - Ultrasonographic diagnosis of renal disease in small animals. AB - Real-time ultrasonography was found to be useful in the diagnosis of hydronephrosis, renal calculi, and renal neoplasia in the dog and cat. One dog with hydronephorsis, one with renal calculi, and a cat with a renal neoplasm were scanned with a real-time ultrasonic scanner. Abnormal enlargement due to fluid accumulation was determined by ultrasonographic imaging in the case of hydronephrosis. The location and mobility of the renal calculus were observed during ultrasonography. An uneven contour and parenchymal masses in the neoplastic kidney were detected by ultrasonographic imaging of the cat. The findings were confirmed either by radiography or by postmortem examination. Previously, hydronephrosis could be diagnosed only by radiography, especially by excretory urography. Ultrasonography offers a noninvasive method for diagnosis of hydronephrosis. Localization of a urinary calculus at either the proximal end of the ureter or within the renal pelvis may be difficult by radiography. The ability of real-time ultrasonography to detect motion of the calculi within the pelvis offers an improved diagnostic capability to the veterinarian. The inability of radiography to determine the cause of renal enlargement is contrasted with the ability of ultrasonography to detect changes in tissue density that might be compatible with renal neoplasms PMID- 7358561 TI - Primary hypoparathyroidism in the dog. AB - Primary hypoparathyroidism was diagnosed in six dogs with profound hypocalcemia. Muscle tremors, tetany, generalized seizures, ataxia, and behavioral aberrations were the most common clinical signs. Lymphocytic parathyroiditis was found in four of five dogs that were biopsied. The serum concentration of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone was abnormally low in one dog in which it was measured. Treatment with vitamin D and calcium was successful in restoring and maintaining normal concentration of serum calcium in all six dogs. During treatment, large daily doses of vitamin D were required, dose response was unpredictable, serum calcium concentration fluctuated while treatment remained unchanged, and hypercalcemia occurred frequently. PMID- 7358562 TI - Acquired peripheral arteriovenous fistula in a dog. AB - A pulsating mass with a continuous bruit was discovered in a dog's flank during routine examination. Based on a history of trauma and clinical signs, an acquired arteriovenous (AV) fistula and a false aneurysm were included in the differential diagnosis. Arteriography confirmed the presence of an AV fistula and outlined the lesion for successful surgical extirpation. Hsitopathologic characteristics of the AV fistula were similar to those in man. PMID- 7358563 TI - Orbital cellulitis, sinusitis, and pneumonitis caused by penicillium sp in a cat. PMID- 7358564 TI - Thymoma in a cat. PMID- 7358565 TI - Xylazine. PMID- 7358566 TI - Compression fracture of the distal metaphyses of the right radius and ulna. PMID- 7358567 TI - A retrospective view on the sterilization of intraocular lenses and the incidence of sterile hypopyon. PMID- 7358568 TI - Use of Na-hyaluronate in anterior segment eye surgery. PMID- 7358569 TI - The trend in intraocular lens implantation. PMID- 7358570 TI - Intraocular lens optical quality: update 1979. AB - One hundred and twenty lenses from 12 manufacturers were randomly selected for optical studies using an optical bench. Resolution efficiency was measured with an Air Force target, and measurements of back focal length in air were used to calculate back focal length in aqueous. There were no lenses with: less than 50% resolution efficiency, more than a 0.5-D variation from the stated power, or more than 0.25 D of toricity. Seventy-five percent of the lenses had at least 74% resolution efficiency; 93% were within 0.25 D of the stated power; 95% had 0.1 D or less toricity. Lenses of recent manufacture exhibit a marked improvement in optical quality. Optical parameters for all lenses observed in this study were within good clinical ranges. PMID- 7358571 TI - Intraocular lens implantation: NIH consensus development conference. PMID- 7358572 TI - Qualitative photostress testing for the diagnosis of cystoid macular edema. AB - The qualitative photostress test is a simple kinetic test for the evaluation of macular function. The physiological basis of the test is discussed and the results of testing 20 normal patients and 14 postoperative cataract patients are presented. Patients with CME have a severe functional defect that is readily demonstrated with photostress testing. PMID- 7358573 TI - Cystoid macular edema associated with PVP coating of an intraocular lens. PMID- 7358575 TI - 3000 cases of sputnik-style lens implantation. PMID- 7358574 TI - Pearce-style posterior chamber lenses. AB - The Pearce-style iris suture and sutureless lenses are described. Insertion of these lenses in 439 eyes yielded good visual results with a high degree of patient satisfaction. With the exception of forty (9.1%) eyes which required discissions, the complication rate was low. The absence of pupillary block glaucoma indicates that peripheral iridectomies are not necessary with Pearce lens styles. Use of the sutureless lens simplifies implant surgery, however, only time will show if it also reduces the complication rate. PMID- 7358576 TI - Results of 100 consecutive anterior chamber implants. AB - Using an anterior chamber lens made from Perspex CQ we began a series of 100 consecutive implantations in 1976. Iris tucking of at least one foot of the lens was found in 19 cases, however this complication was not associated with iritis or glaucoma at the time of the study. Tenderness over the operative eye was rare and did not appear to be a significant problem. There were no cases of the uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome. For an average follow-up time of 12.3 months, 90% of the eyes without pre-existing retinal pathology demonstrated 20/40 or better visual acuity. PMID- 7358578 TI - Loop position of Shearing-style lenses. PMID- 7358577 TI - Results of the cataract/aphakia survey. PMID- 7358580 TI - Air travel & IOLs. PMID- 7358582 TI - Repair of flat chambers. PMID- 7358581 TI - Indomethacin and CME. PMID- 7358579 TI - Indomethacin and CME. PMID- 7358584 TI - Wound healing. PMID- 7358583 TI - Lens glide in phacoemulsification. PMID- 7358585 TI - AIOIS position statement. PMID- 7358586 TI - Complications with PCLs. PMID- 7358587 TI - Complications with PCLs. PMID- 7358588 TI - A pneumatic intraocular irrigation-aspiration device. PMID- 7358589 TI - A simplified biometric system with television display. PMID- 7358590 TI - Irrigating notched spatula. PMID- 7358591 TI - Stahl anterior chamber lens gauge. PMID- 7358592 TI - Forceps for the Shearing-style lens. PMID- 7358593 TI - Lens insertion forceps. PMID- 7358594 TI - Bipolar cautery forceps. PMID- 7358595 TI - Interlocking forceps for lens implantation. PMID- 7358596 TI - Consultation section. PMID- 7358598 TI - Biological availability of phosphorus in rice bran and wheat bran as affected by pelleting. PMID- 7358597 TI - Threonine, isoleucine, valine and leucine requirements of the young kitten. PMID- 7358599 TI - Relationship of daylength and prolactin to resumption of reproductive activity in anestrous ewes. PMID- 7358600 TI - Effect of embryo removal and intrauterine infusion of embryonic homogenates on the lifespan of the bovine corpus luteum. PMID- 7358601 TI - Nitrogen balance responses and abomasal lysine levels in wethers fed supplemental polymerized L-lysine-HCl. PMID- 7358603 TI - Intravenous metronidazole in the treatment and prophylaxis of anaerobic infection. PMID- 7358602 TI - Current position of chloramphenicol chemotherapy. PMID- 7358604 TI - Pharmacokinetics of dibekacin in normal subjects and in patients with renal failure. PMID- 7358605 TI - Binding of gentamicin to subcellular fractions of rabbit kidney: inhibition by spermine and other polyamines. PMID- 7358606 TI - High dose netilmicin therapy: efficacy, tolerance and tissue penetration. PMID- 7358607 TI - Penetration of cephradine into normal, inflammatory, and infected pleural fluids in rabbits. PMID- 7358608 TI - Irradicating staphylococci. PMID- 7358609 TI - Cefuroxime and the post-operative chest. PMID- 7358611 TI - Cefaclor pharmacokinetics and renal impairment. PMID- 7358610 TI - Penetration of cefuroxime and doxycycline into the pleural fluid. PMID- 7358612 TI - Parenteral and oral amoxycillin therapy in paediatric typhoid. PMID- 7358613 TI - Influence of liver enzyme induction caused by phenobarbital on the biotransformation of hetacillin in male rats. PMID- 7358614 TI - Gentamicin transposons. PMID- 7358615 TI - Some causes for variation in aminoglycoside plate assays. PMID- 7358617 TI - More about antibiotic policies. PMID- 7358616 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of pneumococci. 2. Determination of optimal disc diffusion test for detection of penicillin G resistance. PMID- 7358619 TI - Susceptibility of recent clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae to 17 antibiotics. PMID- 7358618 TI - Comparison of high performance liquid chromatography and microbiological assay in the determination of plasma cefuroxime concentrations in rabbits. PMID- 7358620 TI - Ionic strength and pH effects on the rates of reduction of spinach plastocyanin by ascorbate. AB - Kinetic studies of the reduction of plastocyanin from spinach chloroplasts by ascorbate were carried out using a stopped flow apparatus. The reduction of spinach plastocyanin by ascorbate followed first-order kinetics in the reductant with a rate constant k = 415 M-1.S-1 [20 degrees C, 0.1 M NaCl, pH 8.0 (10 mM Tris-HCl)]. The second-order rate constants for the reduction of plastocyanin by ascorbate increased dramatically with increasing pH and ionic strength. The cationic micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide also accelerated this electron-transfer reaction. The importance of electrostatic interactions between plastocyanin and ascorbate is discussed in relation to the photosynthetic electron-transport reactions. PMID- 7358621 TI - Topological studies of the membrane-binding segment of cytochrome b5 embedded in phosphatidylcholine vesicles. AB - Carboxypeptidase Y (CPY) digestion of cytochrome b5 incorporated into single walled liposomes of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) resulted in the release of 25 amino acid residues form each molecule of the cytochrome and concomitant detachment of the cytochrome from the vesicles. This finding suggests that the COOH-terminus of the incorporated cytochrome is exposed to the outer surface of the liposomal membrane, since the cytochrome-carrying vesicles were shown to be impermeable to macromolecules such as dextran T-40 by isopycnic centrifugation studies. The possibility that CPY had attacked a small amount of free cytochrome b5 which was in equilibrium with the liposome-bound cytochrome could be excluded by the finding that transfer of the bound cytochrome to the unbound state was a much slower process than CPY-induced detachment of cytochrome b5. CPY could also attack the COOH-terminus of cytochrome b5 embedded in dipalmitoyl-PC liposomes even below the phase transition temperature of the synthetic phospholipid. Moreover, the tyrosine residue(s) near the COOH-terminus of the PC vesicle-bound cytochrome could be readily iodinated by the action of lactoperoxidase added externally. These observations indicate that the COOH-terminus of the liposome bound cytochrome, like its heme-containing, hydrophilic domain, is exposed to the outer surface of the vesicular membrane. The cytochrome detached from the vesicles by CPY digestion could neither rebind to the liposomes nor form an oligomeric aggregate, suggesting that CPY had removed all the amino acid residues which are required for the protein to bind to membranes. The mechanism of CPY induced detachment of cytochrome b5 from liposomes and the size of the peptide segment which is directly involved in the interaction of the cytochrome with the lipid bilayer membranes are discussed. PMID- 7358622 TI - Cell surface proteins extracted with urea from AH-66 hepatoma ascites cells. AB - The cell surface structure of AH-66 hepatoma ascites cells was examined by extracting the intact AH-66 cells with urea and analyzing the extracted proteins. When AH-66 cells were suspended in 1 M urea, material composed of approximately 90% protein and 10% carbohydrate was released. The extracted proteins amounted to about 3% of the total cell proteins and were composed of approximately 30 species as analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The major bands had apparent molecular weights of 84,000 and 50,000--60,000 on the gel. In marked contrast to chick embryo fibroblasts, the extracted proteins contained no components stainable with periodic acid-Schiff reagent. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of intact AH-66 cells showed that most of the urea-extractable proteins were located on the outer surface of the plasma membranes of AH-66 cells. It was also found that there are two integral proteins exposed on the outer surface of the plasma membranes of AH-66 cells; one is a major glycoprotein (with a molecular weight of 165,000) and the other is a periodate-Schiff-negative protein with a molecular weight of 130,000. PMID- 7358624 TI - Light scattering studies on alpha-crystallin from bovine eye lens. AB - Using the usual angular light scattering technique, we have measured the concentration dependence of reduced scattering intensity of fractionated bovine lens alpha-crystallin (alpha A-chain) in the presence of 30 mM calcium chloride and 0.1 M sodium chloride. The inverse intensity of scattered light at zero angle per unit concentration of alpha-crystallin has a significant upward curvature with increasing alpha-crystallin concentration. The third virial coefficient determined from this upward curvature was 1.24 x 10(-3) (mol 1/2 ml 1/2 g-1). PMID- 7358623 TI - Calcium sensitivity of sea urchin tubulin in in vitro assembly and the effects of calcium-dependent regulator (CDR) proteins isolated from sea urchin eggs and porcine brains. AB - Tubulin was purified from unfertilized eggs or embryos of the sea urchin. In vitro assembly of sea urchin tubulin into microtubules (MTs) was highly sensitive to Ca2+ ions. At low ionic strength, the self-assembly was inhibited by 5 x 10( 7) M free Ca2+, and MT elongation which was initiated by mixing sea urchin tubulin with Tetrahymena cilia outer fiber fragments was inhibited by 10(-6)--10( 5) M free Ca2+. Increase in the ionic strength of the assembly medium lowered the Ca2+ sensitivity, in contrast to brain MT assembly. Brain microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), which stimulated the sea urchin MT assembly, lowered the Ca2+ sensitivity. Calcium-dependent regulator (CDR) protein was purified from unfertilized eggs of the sea urchin by the pruification procedures used for brain CDR. The sea urchin CDR associated with brain tubulin in a Ca2+-dependent manner indistinguishable from that of brain CDR when assayed by the ammonium sulfate fractionation method. Moreover, both CDRs had Ca2+-dependent inhibitory effects on brain MT assembly. However, neither procine brain CDR nor sea urchin CDR showed a Ca2+-dependent inhibitory effect on sea urchin MT assembly. Sea urchin tubulin assembly initiated by brain MAPs was not inhibited by these CDRs with Ca2+, either. These results suggest that CDRs are not species-specific, but that tubulins respond in a highly specific manner. PMID- 7358625 TI - Intracellular redox state and stimulation of gluconeogenesis by glucagon and norepinephrine in the perfused rat liver. AB - The role of the cellular redox state in the hormonal stimulation of gluconeogenesis was studied in hemoglobin-free perfused rat liver, by fluorimetric measurement of the redox states of intracellular pyridine nucleotides. The maximum rate of glucose production from lactate/pyruvate mixture was observed with a lactate/pyruvate ratio of 10/1, which corresponds to the ratio observed in vivo. Increased reduction of pyridine nucleotides on infusion of ethanol or octanoate was associated with an increased production of glucose from pyruvate, whereas glucose production from lactate decreased. Stimulation of gluconeogenesis from lactate by glucagon was affected by the lactate/pyruvate ratio; a decrease of the lactate/pyruvate ratio resulted in a decrease of the efficacy of glucagon. Stimulation by glucagon of glucose production from pyruvate was abolished during octanoate infusion, although it was still observable during ethanol infusion. In contrast to glucagon, the stimulatory effect of norepinephrine on gluconeogenesis was unaffected by the ratio of lactate to pyruvate. Norepinephrine in the presence of octanoate and ethanol still induced stimulation of glucose production from lactate and pyruvate, which was always accompanied by a transient reduction of pyridine nucleotides. The results demonstrate that the regeneration of NADH in the cytosol is one of the regulatory factors in gluconeogenesis, and that the effects of glucagon and norepinephrine on gluconeogenesis and on the redox state of pyridine nucleotides are not identical. PMID- 7358626 TI - Involvement of 17K dalton light chain of smooth muscle myosin in substrate induced conformational change. AB - Conformational changes of the region involving 17K dalton light chain (G2) in gizzard myosin induced by ATP and its analogs were studied by a combination of light chain exchange and fluorescence spectroscopy. The cysteinyl residues of myosin light chain mixture, 20K dalton G1 and 17K dalton G2 chain, were labeled with a fluorescent thiol reagent, N-(1-anilionon-aphthyl-4ymaleimide (ANM). Chicken gizzard myosin was incubated with a large excess of the fluorescence labeled exogenous light chains in 2 M urea. After removal of urea and unbound light chains, a strong fluorescent band was observed at the position of the 17K dalton light chain (G2) of myosin on SDS PAGE. There was no difference in enzymatic activity and light chain composition between myosins before and after light chain exchange. The emission spectrum of ANM label in 17K dalton light chain in the bound state in myosin showed a fluorescence enhancement and a blue shift on adding ATP but not ADP. The spectral change disappeared after conversion of ATP to ADP. Various nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP had similar effects on the fluorescence spectrum. The relative effectiveness of most nucleotides on the fluorescence spectral change of ANM in the light chain bound in myosin agreed well with that on tryptophan residues in myosin, except in the case of ADP and CTP. These results suggest that 17K dalton light chain of gizzard myosin is closely related to the ATPase site of myosin. PMID- 7358628 TI - Purification and properties of aminopeptidase and arylamidase from human liver. AB - Aminopeptidase and arylamidase from human liver were purified 1,580- and 1,130 fold, respectively, by ammonium sulfate fractionation, TEAE-cellulose and hydroxylapatite column chromatographies, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The purified preparations appeared to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weights of aminopeptidase and arylamidase were determined to be 280,000 and 170,000, respectively, by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. Aminopeptidase showed marked specificities for amino acid amides, such as L-leucineamide, L-phenylalanineamide, and L-methionineamide. On the other hand, arylamidase showed specificities for amino acid beta-naphylamides, such as L alanyl-beta-naphthylamide and L-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide, but it also hydrolyzed amino acid amides to a considerable extent. Immunological studies using antibodies to purified aminopeptidase and arylamidase showed that the antigenicities of these two enzymes were different. Neuraminidase treatment of the purified arylamidase changed its isoelectric point from 3.25 to 4.95. Various properties (Km values, optimum pH, substrate specificities, and antigenicity) of the arylamidase were not changed by neuraminidase treatment, but the enzyme became thermo-labile. PMID- 7358627 TI - Effects of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and their related bile acids on cholesterol, phospholipid, and bile acid levels in serum, liver, bile, and feces of rats. AB - Effects of sodium cholate, deoxycholate, chenodeoxycholate, and lithocholate on serum and liver cholesterol levels, bile flow, biliary cholesterol, phospholipids, and bile acids, and fecal sterols and bile acids were examined in Wistar strain male rats fed either an ordinary diet or a 2% cholesterol diet. Cholate and deoxycholate increased serum and liver cholesterol levels, serum pre beta-lipoprotein, bile flow, and biliary secretion of cholesterol, phospholipids, and bile acids, but chenodeoxycholate and lithocholate did not. The total amounts of sterols and of bile acids in the feces did not differ between the cholate and the chenodeoxycholate groups. All the bile acids except lithocholate decreased fecal coprostanol when the diet included cholesterol. Cholate and deoxycholate produced similar bile acid compositions in the bile and feces, as was the case between chenodeoxycholate and lithocholate, though chenodeoxycholate slightly increased the amount of muricholic acids, and lithocholate that of hyodeoxycholic acid, in the feces. The effects of cholate and deoxycholate are similar to each other but different from that of chenodeoxycholate or lithocholate in rats. Cholate causes marked accumulation of cholesterol in tissues, increased bile flow and biliary lipid secretion but chenodeoxycholate does not. Cholate is absorbed much more efficiently than chenodeoxycholate. PMID- 7358629 TI - Purification and properties of partial glyceride hydrolase of Penicillium cyclopium M1. AB - A lipolytic enzyme which hydrolyzed monoacylglycerols more easily than triacylglycerols was found in the culture broth of Penicillium cyclopium M1. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity and its properties were investigated. Among various substrates used, monoacylglycerols, especially those of medium chain fatty acids, were hydrolyzed very rapidly. Although the rate was low, the enzyme hydrolyzed methyl esters of fatty acids, Span or triacylglycerols of medium chain fatty acids. Based on its substrate specificity, the enzyme was regarded as a partial glyceride hydrolase. When the partial glyceride hydrolase was used in conjunction with lipase on triacylglycerol, the degree of hydrolysis of triacylglycerol became extremely high. PMID- 7358630 TI - Fluorometric studies on the light chains of skeletal muscle myosin. III. Effect of Ca2+ on the reactivity of two SH groups of DTNB light chain in myosin and in the isolated state. AB - We studied the effect of Ca2+ on the reactivities of two SH groups of DTNB light chain (Cys 128 and Cys 157) using a fluorogenic thiol reagent. It was found that a Ca2+-induced change in reactivity occurred only with Cys 128 when the light chain was in an isolated state, whereas it occurred with both Cys 128 and Cys 157 when the light chain was incorporated in myosin. These results indicate that the Ca2+-induced change in the conformation of DTNB light chain in the isolated state was different from that of the light chain in myosin. It may therefore be difficult to relate the Ca2+-induced conformational change observed in the isolated DTNB light chain to the molecular mechanism of myosin-linked Ca2+ regulation. PMID- 7358631 TI - Substructure of myosin subfragment-1 as revealed by digestion with proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 7358632 TI - Amino acid sequences of two ferredoxins from Phytolacca esculenta. Gene duplication and speciation . AB - The amino acid sequences of two ferredoxins from Phytolacca esculenta were determined by a combination of solid-phase sequencing and the conventional methods. Ferredoxins I and II were composed of 96 and 98 amino acid residues, respectively, and ferredoxin I showed sequence heterogeneity at two positions. The amino acid sequences of ferredoxins I and II from Phytolacca esculenta were very similar to those of corresponding ferredoxins I and II from Phytolacca americana. Amino acid differences among Phytolacca ferredoxins and other higher plant ferredoxins suggest that duplication of the ferredoxin gene occurred after the divergence of Phytolacca from other higher plants and preceded the separation of two species of Phytolacca. PMID- 7358633 TI - Characterization of enzymes and glycoproteins in rat liver lysosomal membranes. AB - A simple method for the preparation of lysosomes from livers of rats injected with Triton WR 1339 was developed. Enzymic characterization showed that the Triton WR 1339-filled lysosome (tritosome) preparation isolated by this procedure was almost completely free from mitochondria, peroxisomes, and microsomes. With this method, tritosomes were purified about 50 times with a yield of 8%. The tritosomal membrane fraction was prepared by osmotic disruption of the purified tritosomes followed by washing with 1 M NaCl. Analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that tritosomal membrane proteins were distinct from those of plasma membranes. The major glycoproteins found in tritosomal membranes in the higher molecular weight region were not detected in plasma membranes. When livers were labeled with L-[3H]leucine or D-[3H]glucosamine, the incorporation of both isotopes into tritosomes attained the maximum value at around 3 h after the isotope injection. Radioactivities associated with the tritosomal membranes decayed slower than those of the tritosomal contents. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the membranes labeled with the isotopes for various times demonstrated the distribution and variation with time of radioactivity in the protein and glycoprotein components. The results indicate that the turnover rate of the protein and glycoprotein components in the tritosomal membrane is heterogeneous. PMID- 7358634 TI - Inhibitory and stimulatory effects of guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate on the adenylate cyclase activity of rat synaptosomal fractions. AB - Guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p), a nucleotide phosphohydrolase-resistant analog of GTP, caused inhibitory and stimulatory effects on the basal adenylate cyclase activity of rat synaptosomal fractions when manganese was present in the assay mixture, whereas the nucleotide caused only a stimulatory effect when magnesium was employed. In the presence of manganese, the inhibitory and stimulatory effects of Gpp(NH)p could be seen at around concentrations of 10(-7) M and 10(-4) M Gpp(NH)p, respectively. The inhibitory and stimulatory effects of Gpp(NH)p were both antagonized competitively by GTP; these effects of the analog were the opposite of those observed with GTP, which was stimulatory and inhibitory for fat call adenylate cyclase at 10(-7) M and 10(-4) M, respectively (Yamamura, H., Lad, P.M., and Rodbell, M. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 7964--7966). The degree of inhibition by Gpp(NH)p did not depend on the concentration of manganese nor on the addition of ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid. PMID- 7358635 TI - Stopped-flow studies on the chemical modification with N-bromosuccinimide of model compounds of tryptophan residues. AB - The aim of this work was to study the selective modification of tryptophan residues with NBS. To accomplish this, a specific method to determine tryptophan was required initially. NBS reacts with both tryptophan and tyrosine residues, which are found in most enzyme proteins, and static spectrophotometric observation, which is usually employed to follow the progress of modification, is not selective for tryptophan. However, discrimination of tryptophan from tyrosine was achieved by the kinetic method with a stoppeed-flow apparatus. The rate of modification of tryptophan residues is 10(3) times larger than that of tyrosine, so rapid stopping of the reaction of NBS brings about the selective modification of tryptophan residues. Using fluorescence-spectrophotometric and kinetic methods, the modification with NBS of model compounds of the tryptophan residue could be simply followed as a single phase, even though the reaction is complex when followed by the static spectrophotometric method. PMID- 7358636 TI - A study of the absorption, circular dichroism and magnetic circular dichroism spectra of a flavin derivative. The pi-electronic structure of 8-amino-8-demethyl D-riboflavin. AB - The absorption, CD and MCD spectra of 8-amino-8-demethyl-D-riboflavin, which showed novel spectral properties, were measured in the spectral region from 220 nm to 540 nm and the spectra obtained were analyzed in terms of Gaussian wave number curves (from band I to band X). Semi-empirical calculations of the Pariser Parr-Pople Hamiltonian were performed to investigate the novel spectral properties and the reactivity at the 5-position. The theoretical results as well as the experimental results showed that the novel spectral properties were a result of amino substitution at the 8-position. PMID- 7358637 TI - Purification and properties of the acetylcholine receptor protein from Narke japonica. PMID- 7358638 TI - Location of the essential thiol of porcine liver cathepsin B. AB - Porcine liver cathepsin B, a thiol enzyme, exists in at least three forms. While Form III is a single chain polypeptide, two peptide chains with molecular weights of 258000 and 4,000 are noncovalently bound together in Form I and Form II. The present study showed that aminoterminal sequences of Form III and the 4,000 dalton peptide isolated form Form II are identical. The 4,000-dalton peptide contained three cysteine or half-cystine residues, one of which was demonstrated to be essential for the enzyme activity by an incorporation study with [14C]iodoacetate. It was also shown that the 4,000-dalton peptide of the activated enzyme contained one cysteine and one cystine residue. PMID- 7358639 TI - Studies on lipase and esterase in human post heparin plasma. AB - Lipase and esterase in post heparin plasma from patients with various diseases were well correlated, r=0.77. Lipase and esterase hydrolyzed both tri and monoacylglycerol. The chain lengths of fatty acids in esters susceptible to the enzymes became longer by conversion of the substrate from triacylglycerol to monacylglycerol. PMID- 7358640 TI - Genesis of amino acids in the primeval sea. Formation of amino acids from sugars and ammonia in a modified sea medium. AB - Sugars such as glycolaldehyde, glyceraldehyde, erythrose, ribose, and glucose were heated with ammonia in a modified sea medium. Amino acids such as glycine, alanine, serine, threonine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid were obtained from the reaction mixture. This provides the basis for a model of the genesis of amino acids in the primeval sea. PMID- 7358641 TI - Studies on D-tetrose metabolism. Crystallization and properties of D-erythrulose reductase from chicken liver. AB - D-Erythrulose reductase from chicken liver has been purified to homogeneity as judged by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. The overall purification of the enzyme was 164-fold from a crude extract. The enzyme was crystallized from ammonium sulfate solution at pH 7.0 to give hexagonal plates. The molecular weight determined by sedimentation equilibrium analysis was 94,600 and that by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 22,400, which suggests a tetrameric structure for the native enzyme. The enzyme was found to contain up to 3 molecules of NADP+ per enzyme; this high amount of NADP+ resulted in a higher absorption at 260 nm than at 280 nm. The extinction coefficient of the enzyme at 290 nm was found to be 4.0. The contents of various amino acids were very similar to those of the beef liver enzyme formerly crystallized in our laboratory. The isoelectric point of the enzyme determined by Ampholine isoelectric focusing was pH 6.43. The enzyme was shown to catalyze the reduction of D-erythrulose to D threitol with the concomitant oxidation of NAD(P)H to NAD(P)+, and was highly specific to D-erythrulose with an apparent Km of 0.38 mM. NADH was less effective than NADPH and the Km's for NADH and NADPH were 67 micrometers and 7.9 micrometers, respectively. D-Threitol was slightly oxidized by the enzyme with either NADP+ or NAD+ as a cofactor at pH's 7.5 and 9.0. PMID- 7358642 TI - Cytochrome b5-like hemoprotein of outer mitochondrial membrane: OM cytochrome b. II. Contribution of OM cytochrome b to rotenone-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity. AB - The participation of OM cytochrome b in the rotenone-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity of rat tissues was investigated in comparison with that of cytochrome b5, by using antibodies against these two cytochromes. The specificity of each antibody was confirmed by inhibition studies of NADH-cytochrome c reductase activities reconstituted from purified cytochromes and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase. OM cytochrome b-mediated NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity was found in various tissues including liver, kidney, heart, and brain. The contribution of this activity to the total rotenone-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity was high in heart and brain cells. NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity mediated by OM cytochrome b was principally localized in mitochondrial outer membrane. Immunoadsorption studies using antibody-coated polyacrylamide beads showed that significant OM cytochrome b-mediated activity is present in the microsomal membrane, and that cytochrome b5-mediated activity also exists in the mitochondrial outer membrane. PMID- 7358643 TI - Types of myosin light chains present during the development of fast skeletal muscle in chick embryo. AB - The types of myosin light chains in developing fast skeletal muscle of chick embryo were characterized in terms of their mobilities on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and their reactions with antisera against adult fast, slow, or cardiac myosin light chains. Breast and leg muscles of adult chicken mainly contain fast-type myosin, while at early developmental stages, these muscles contain four classes of light chain as judged by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis; two of these light chains are of the slow and/or cardiac type and the other two are of the fast type. At late developmental stages, fast-type light chains are present in large amounts and slow and/or cardiac light chains exist only in small amounts. It is suggested that the qualitative changes in light chains during embryonic development are coordinated with those in heavy chains reported by Masaki and Yoshizaki (5). PMID- 7358644 TI - Further characterization of IgG receptors from human placenta. AB - A Cell membrane fraction from term human placenta was prepared by homogenization and ultracentrifugation. The fraction was found to bind both human IgG and human serum albumin. Maximal specific binding occurred at pH 5.2, and the amount of binding was dependent upon incubation time, temperature, buffer, and ionic strength. The binding of human serum albumin was inhibited by preincubation with H-IgG but the reverse did not happen. PMID- 7358645 TI - Steady-state kinetics of trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of a synthetic substrate, dansyl-D-arginine methyl ester. AB - The trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of a synthetic ester substrate, dansyl-D arginine methyl ester (D-DAME), was followed by the entire progression curve method. This ester substrate, which is a D-enantiomer of arginine, is hydrolyzed to the extent of nearly the pH or the initial substrate concentration. The double reciprocal plot of the velocity of hydrolysis against the residual substrate concentration showed good linearity. As regards the dependency of this straight line on pH at a constant initial substrate concentration, both the slope and the intercept on the 1/v axis decreased with decrease of hydrogen ion concentration in the pH range below 8 and the lines intersected at a point in the second quadrant. At constant pH the slope of the double-reciprocal plot between the velocity of hydrolysis and the residual substrate concentration increased linearly with increase of the initial substrate concentration. The results obtained cannot be interpreted simply in terms of the three-step mechanism for the trypsin- and chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolyses of ester substrates. In particular, it is significant that the catalytic rate constant obtained for the overall enzymatic reaction is very similar to the rate constant of conformational change of the enzyme molecule due to the formation of enzyme-substrate complex in the trypsin-catalyzed hydrolyses of L- and D-DAME. PMID- 7358646 TI - Induced activation in the deacylation step of tryptic hydrolysis. An application of "inverse substrates" to mechanistic studies of the enzyme. AB - Trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4]-catalyzed hydrolysis of "inverse substrates" was investigated kinetically. "Inverse substrates" for trypsin are specific substrates in which the arrangement of the site-specific group is reversed compared to that of the normal substrate, e.g., a cationic center is included in the leaving group instead of being in the acyl moiety (Tanizawa, K., Kasaba, Y., & Kanaoka, Y. (1977) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99, 4485-4488). Acyl enzyme intermediates formed specifically from these substrates are advantageous for the mechanistic analysis of trypsin action, since the cationic group liberated from the acyl moiety can no longer exhibit specific interaction with the enzyme binding site in the subsequent deacylation stage. Remarkable rate acceleration at the deacylation step was observed on adding amidinium or ammonium compounds. The effects of the size of the acyl moiety and the charged molecule on the acceleration were examined. Latent properties of 1-butylamine as an activator were found in the present study. Based on these observations, it is suggested that a cationic molecule which can be well accommodated together with the acyl group within the active center cleft causes rate enhancement, with associated conformational changes. PMID- 7358647 TI - The interactions of thiol compounds with porcine erythrocyte catalase. AB - The effects of thiol compounds on the conformation of porcine erythrocyte catalase were examined. The thiol compounds showed two types of reactivity with the catalase in terms of changes in absorption spectra. One is characterized by the appearance of a new absorption maximum at 595 nm; this was seen with 2 mercaptoethanol (designated as inactive catalase type I). The other is characterized by new maxima at 535 and 570 nm, and this was seen with reduced glutathione, dithiothreitol, cysteine, and cysteamine (inactive catalase type II). The thiol compounds caused gradual inactivation of catalase, correlating with the enhancement of the absorption maximum at 595 nm or 570 nm. Removal of excess thiol reagents from the reaction mixtures caused partial recovery of activity, which was more marked with inactive catalase type II. Similar reversibility was observed in the absorption, CD and MCD spectra, whereas reversibility was not observed for inactive catalase type I. The MCD spectra suggested conversion of heme groups from a high to a low spin state on incubation with thiols, e.g., reduced glutathione, leading to inactive catalase type II. alpha-Helical conformation of the polypeptide backbone and titratable free SH groups in the catalase molecule were unaffected by all these thiol treatments. It is suggested that "active oxygen" which may be produced on incubation of catalase with thiol compounds, was responsible for the formation of inactive catalase type II. PMID- 7358648 TI - Two-dimensional electrophoresis of immunoglobulin myeloma proteins in the absence of denaturing agents. AB - Human sera from myeloma patients were subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis. Heterogeneity in molecular weight and in isoelectric point of the myeloma proteins were demonstrated on the protein map. The patterns of five major immunoglobulin classes differed from each other, implying that the five classes of myeloma immu,oglobulin can be distinguished by examining the two dimensional electrophoretic patterns. Sugar content analysis suggested that differences in sialic acid content may be one of the origins of the heterogeneity of myeloma proteins observed in isoelectric focusing. PMID- 7358650 TI - Altered activity of bacteriorhodopsin in high concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride. AB - Bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium halobium was stable and active in high concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride. However the decay of the intermediate with absorption maximum at 407 nm and the uptake of protons from the medium were remarkably delayed. At alkaline pH values, all the molecules of bacteriohodopsin existed as the 407 nm intermediate in the light, and one proton per bacteriorhodopsin molecule was released. PMID- 7358649 TI - Effects of calcium ions on the activation of gluconeogenesis by norepinephrine in perfused rat liver. AB - The effects of calcium ions on the activation of gluconeogenesis by norepinephrine were studied in the perfused rat liver. The norepinephrine mediated enhancement of gluconeogenesis was accompanied by a transient increase in the reduction level of pyridine nucleotides. There was a positive correlation between the increases in the rate of glucose production and the reduction level of pyridine nucleotides induced by norepinephrine. These changes were "dose dependent" with respect to the norepinephrine concentration from 5 nM to 1 muM and were mimicked by phenylephrine. The omission of calcium from the perfusate did not modify the basal rate of gluconeogenesis from lactate and pyruvate or the increased rate of glucose production induced by glucagon and isoproterenol. The extents of the responses to norepinephrine and phenylephrine, however, were decreased markedly in liver perfused with a calcium-free medium and/or with phentolamine. Infusion of calcium into the calcium-deficient liver caused an abrupt elevation of glucose production together with a transient reduction of pyridine nucleotides, and the original extent of the response to norepinephrine was recovered. The data presented provide evidence indicating that stimulation of gluconeogenesis by norepinephrine is mediated through an alpha-adrenergic and calcium-dependent mechanism in which redox changes of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides are involved. PMID- 7358651 TI - A novel sphingophosphonoglycolipid containing 3-O-methylgalactose isolated from the skin of the marine gastropod Aplysia kurodai. AB - A novel sphingophosphonolipid was isolated from the skin of a marine gastropod, Aplysia kurodai. It was composed of one mol each of sphingosine base, fatty acid, glucose, galactosamine, and an unknown sugar and two mol each of galactose and aminophosphonic acid. The unknown sugar was identified as 3-O-methylgalactose by GC-mass spectrometry of the alditol acetate derivative and by GLC of the trimethylsilyl methylglycoside derivative. The aminophosphonic acid was identified as 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid by TLC of the free acid and the dinitrophenyl (DNP-) compound and by GLC of the O-di-trimethylsilyl-N isothiocyanate compound. Thus, a ceramide bis(2-aminoethylphosphono)-pentaoside structure having an oligosaccharide chain consisting of one mol each of glucose, 3-O-methylgalactose and galactosamine and two mol of galactose was proposed. PMID- 7358652 TI - Amination and subsequent derivatization of epoxy-activated agarose for the preparation of new affinity adsorbents. AB - We have found a simple procedure to convert epoxy-activated agarose into amino derivatives using ammonia solution. The amino derivatives of agarose were succinylated with succinic anhydride and then activated with N-hydroxysuccinimide according to the method of Cuatrecasas and Parikh. Formula: (See Text). Coupling of the ligand to the activated agarose (shown above) was performed under mild conditions. The adsorbent thus obtained has no charged group in the linkage region between the ligand and agarose, thus reducing the nonspecific adsorption, and the bonds formed (ether and amide bonds) are stable even in an alkaline medium. Lens culinaris hemagglutinin-Sepharose 4B prepared by this method was successfully used for the affinity chromatography of solubilized human red blood cell membrane in detergent solution and was stable when elution was performed with borate buffer, pH 9.8. PMID- 7358653 TI - Studies on algal cytochromes. I. Purification and properties of cytochrome b-561 from Enteromorpha prolifera. AB - Cytochrome b-561 (Enteromorpha prolifera) was extracted from a green alga, E. prolifera, by immersion of the dried thalli in phosphate buffer solution. Purification was carried out by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose and DEAE-Sephadex column chromatographies, Bio-Gel gel filtration, and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The reduced form of the cytochrome exhibited absorption maxima at 561 (alpha), 530.5 (beta), and 428.5 nm (gamma), and the oxidized form at 530.5, 417 (gamma), and 275 nm. The alpha-band of the reduced form was symmetric without any shoulder. The pyridine hemochrome showed absorption maxima at 556, 524, and 418 nm. The cytochrome does not combine with carbon monoxide or cyanide. The cytochrome showed little peroxidase activity. The cytochrome is oxidized by ferricyanide and reduced by cysteine, ascorbate, and hydrosulfite. Ferrocyanide and hydroquinone do not completely reduce it. Autoxidation of the cytochrome was found to be very slow. The midpoint potential (Em) of the cytochrome was determined by equilibration with the ferro- and ferri EDTA system to be +0.23 volt at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C. The molecular weight of the cytochrome, estimated by Sephadex gel filtration, was 67 x 10(3). PMID- 7358654 TI - Subunit structure of erythrocruorin from the polychaete Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus. AB - Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gel electrophoresis of erythrocruorin from the polychaete Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus revealed the presence of four subunits with molecular weights of 12,000, 22,000, 23,500, and 54,000 in a molar ratio of 6 : 1 : 2 : 3, respectively. The largest subunit dissociates into polypeptide chains of 13,500 molecular weight in the presence of mercaptoethanol, whereas each of the other subunits consists of a single polypeptide chain. Hemochromogen determination gave a minimum molecular weight of 26,500 per mol of heme group. A model of the subunit structure of the erythrocruorin molecule is proposed, composed of 144 subunits (252 polypeptide chains) possessing 144 heme groups. The molecular weight of the erythrocruorin was calculated to be 3.636 x 10(6). PMID- 7358655 TI - Thiols of myosin. VI. Effect of ADP on the reactivity of thiol groups other than S2. AB - Experiments were carried out to explore the location of thiol groups which became less reactive when S2 became more reactive in the presence of ADP. Myosin was first treated with N-ethylmaleimide to block S1 and then treated with a fluorogenic thiol reagent, N-(7-dimethyl-amino-4-methylcoumarinyl) maleimide (DACM), in the presence or absence of ADP. From the distribution of DACM in the two kinds of DACM-treated myosin, it was found that thiol groups of all the light chains and of the 50 K fragment of subfragment-1 heavy chain became less reactive to DACM in the presence of ADP. Since it is known that the ADP binding site and S2 are located in the 26 K and 21 K fragments of subfragment-1 heavy chain, respectively, our results suggest that the 50 K, 26 K, and 21 K fragments of subfragment-1 heavy chain and light chains are closely connected with each other in the subfragment-1. PMID- 7358656 TI - Developmental changes in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and collagen in embryonic chick skin. AB - Developmental changes in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and collagen in embryonic chick skins have been studied by labeling the materials with D-[1-3H] glucosamine and L-[2,3-3H]-proline, respectively, in culture. In day 8 to day 20 embryos and 2-day-old chicks, hyaluronic acid was predominantly synthesized, with chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate as minor products. The syntheses of all these glycosaminoglycan components increased on days 14-16, when collagen synthesis also increased rapidly. The tissue deposition of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate, however, decreased continuously, while that of dermatan sulfate increased steadily. These results suggest that increased rates of turnover of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate are essential to initiate remodelling of the tissue. Rapid increases in the synthesis and tissue deposition of hyaluronic acid occurred from day 20 to the newly hatched stage. This may be a response of the embryo to the coming change of environment from in ovo to ex ovo by carrying a large quantity of bound water in the tissue space. Type I collagen accounted for 68-85% of the newly synthesized collagens throughout the stages examined. Type III collagen was detectable from earlier stages (0.2-1.0%), and started to increase on day 14, but then increased sharply from day 17 to the newly hatched stage (8.6%) in parallel with an increased rate of collagen deposition in the tissue. Syntheses of type I trimer collagen and type X and Y chains with properties similar to those of alphaB and alphaA were also confirmed at all the stages examined, though the levels of the latter two components were only a few percent of the total collagen. PMID- 7358657 TI - Further studies on gangliosides of erythrocytes from horses and cattle. AB - The ganglioside patterns of erythrocytes from individual horses and cattle were examined. Variations in the ganglioside patterns were found in both horses and cattle. In the erythrocytes of most horses examined, NeuGc-Gal-Glc-ceramide (NeuGc-GM3) of 25 horses examined had only NeuGc-GM3 with no 4-O-Ac-NeuGc-GM3. The erythrocytes of various breeds of cattle had a characteristic ganglioside pattern, but they could be divided into 4 types on the basis of the composition of their gangliosides. PMID- 7358658 TI - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study on perfused brain slices of guinea pig. AB - 31P-NMR measurements of brain slices of guinea pig were successfully carried out for the first time with a new perfusion and spinning technique. The 31P-NMR spectrum showed resonance lines of phosphocreatine, fructose-6-phosphate, ATP, and inorganic phosphate. In the time course of the 31P-NMR spectra, the concentrations of phosphocreatine and fructose-6-phosphate, which were estimated from the initial spectrum, were 4.3 and 1.1 mumol/g of fresh tissue, respectively, and the estimates from the following ones showed that the concentration of phosphocreatine decreased to 2.7 mumol/g of fresh tissue while that of fructose-6-phosphate did not change significantly throughout the measurements. PMID- 7358660 TI - Development of new breast prostheses. PMID- 7358659 TI - Dental faculty training in clinical instruction. AB - Most dental faculty have had no formal training in education prior to their clinic instructor role and many report a need for training in educational methods and tutorial skills. Organized methods for establishing student performance criteria and improving instructional skills presented in a well-designed inservice training program utilizing prepared training materials, workshop learning, and practice sessions can increase teacher effectiveness in clinic instruction. PMID- 7358661 TI - Bio '79 wrap-up--a challenge to creative personal growth. PMID- 7358662 TI - Gallery. PMID- 7358663 TI - Strategies in instructional materials development for African health professionals. AB - An international program in health professions training has involved the development of a teaching materials library by teams of African faculty authors and U.S. instructional materials specialists. Communications difficulties and differences in culture and technology have made it necessary that the instructional designers develop new production and management strategies, in order to meet program objectives and to assure the quality of the teaching materials. These strategies would seem to have continuing applications to domestic as well as international instructional development programs. PMID- 7358664 TI - A model rights and ownership of educational materials policy for institutions. AB - This paper reports a survey taken of 79 college and university medical schools seeking the status of policy formation regarding in-house created educational materials at each location. About 65% (51) of the institutions had no definitive policies, but over half of those were aware of the need. Twenty-six provided either written documents or a narrative describing how they approach the problem. Only two recognized the special area of media production. A model policy was synthesized from the aggregate. The model provides for support and recognition of creative service units and a philosophical framework upon which the entire group, including content experts, production staff, and parent institution, can share income and recognition equitably. PMID- 7358666 TI - Substrate specificities of rat liver microsomal glucosidases which process glycoproteins. AB - The substrate specificities of rat liver microsomal glucosidases I and II, which hydrolyze oligosaccharides of the composition Glc3-1Man9GlcNAc, were investigated. Glucosidases I and II were shown to have a specific and necessary interaction with the 6'-pentamannosyl branch of their oligosaccharide substrates; activity was reduced when mannose residues were removed from this branch. Both glucosidases responded to features at the reducing end of the oligosaccharide substrates; activity was lower towards lipid-linked and peptide-linked substrates than towards free oligosaccharide substrates. In addition, the glucosidases appeared to discriminate between oligosaccharides linked to lipid and oligosaccharides linked to peptide. We conclude that rat liver microsomal glucosidases I and II interact with extensive portions of oligosaccharide structure in addition to the glucose residues which they hydrolyze. PMID- 7358665 TI - Amino acid sequence of catfish pancreatic somatostatin I. AB - Two peptides, pancreatic somatostatins I and II, larger and more acidic than synthetic tetradecapeptide somatostatin, have been purified from pancreatic islets of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctata). These peptides have reduced immunoreactivity in a radioimmunoassay for synthetic somatostatin, but full biological activity was measured as inhibition of growth hormone released from isolated rat anterior pituitary cells. Pancreatic somatostatin I is composed of 22 amino acids. Eight additional amino acids are found as an NH2-terminal extension of the segment which is homologous to synthetic tetradecapeptide somatostatin. Seven of fourteen residues of tetradecapeptide somatostatin are present in the COOH-terminal portion of catfish pancreatic somatostatin I. The sequence is NH2-Asp-Asn-Thr-Val-Arg-Ser-Lys-Pro-Leu-Asn-Cys-Met-Asn-Tyr-Phe-Trp Lys-Ser-Ser-Thr-Ala-Cys-COOH. There is considerable homology with the carboxyl end of synthetic tetradecapeptide somatostatin. PMID- 7358667 TI - Indomethacin-induced accumulation of diglyceride in activated human platelets. The role of diglyceride lipase. AB - Human platelets incubated with thrombin and indomethacin (50 microgram/ml) exhibit an accumulation of diglyceride larger and more persistent than that observed for platelets incubated with thrombin alone. The accumulation appears to be due to the impaired metabolism of diglyceride by diglyceride lipase. In preparations of broken platelets, indomethacin leads to inhibition of diglyceride lipase. A similar inhibition can be achieved by the addition of soybean lipoxidase, and both inhibitions can be counteracted by reduced glutathione. Further, hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (100 microM) markedly depresses diglyceride lipase activity, whereas neither the hydroxy derivative nor eicosatetraenoic acid displays a comparable effect. Indomethacin at concentrations comparable to those impairing diglyceride lipase does not inhibit diglyceride kinase. This report constitutes the first evidence for the functioning of diglyceride lipase in normal stimulated platelets, and points to a possible role for fatty acid hydroperoxides in governing the activity of this enzyme. PMID- 7358668 TI - Effects of permeant buffers on the initial time course of photophosphorylation and postillumination phosphorylation. AB - Permeant buffers (pyridine, imidazole, or phosphate) caused similar increases in the time required for onset of ATP synthesis in the light in the presence of valinomycin and K+; and in the illumination time required for postillumination phosphorylation with or without or without valinomycin and K+. Based on prior evidence, the minimum illumination time required for postillumination phosphorylation in thylakoid membranes is taken as a measure of the time required for formation of a transmembrane pH gradient sufficient to drive ATP synthesis. Our results are consistent with the view that, following illumination, as the transient transmembrane electric gradient decays, the establishment and maintenance of a pH gradient serves for energy transfer from the photosystems to the ATP synthase complex. PMID- 7358669 TI - Peroxisomal localization and properties of tryptophan aminotransferase in plant leaves. AB - In spinach leaves, both tryptophan:glyoxylate aminotransferase and tryptophan:hydroxypyruvate aminotransferase activities were located only in the peroxisomes and in the soluble fraction. The two enzymes co-purified to homogeneity from both peroxisomal and soluble fractions of spinach leaves. The evidence indicates that the two activities are associated with the same protein. The peroxisomal and soluble enzyme preparations had nearly identical properties, suggesting that the soluble enzyme is from broken peroxisomes. The two enzyme preparations utilized various L-amino acids as amino donors in the following order of activity with glyoxylate as amino acceptor; serine greater than alanine greater than tryptophan greater than asparagine greater than 5-hydroxytryptophan. Other amino acids tested were all much less active. With L-tryptophan as amino donor, the effective amino acceptors were glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate; other 2 oxo acids tested were all inactive. They had molecular weights of approximately 185,000 with four identical subunits, isoelectric points of 5.9, and pH optima between 8.0 and 8.5. PMID- 7358670 TI - Activation of calcium and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by diacylglycerol, its possible relation to phosphatidylinositol turnover. AB - Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase from various mammalian tissues (Takai, Y., Kishimoto, A., Iwasa, Y., Kawahara, Y., Mori, T., and Nishizuka, Y (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 3692-3695) was greatly stimulated by the addition of diacylglycerol at less than 5% (w/w) the concentration of phospholipid. This stimulation was due to an increase in the apparent affinity of enzyme for phospholipid and to a concomitant decrease in the Ka value for Ca2+ from about 1 x 10(-4) M to the micromolar range. Diacylglycerol alone showed little or no effect on enzymatic activity over a wide range of Ca2+ concentrations. This effect was greatest for diacylglycerol which contained unsaturated fatty acid at least at position 2. The active diacylglycerols so far tested included diolein, dilinolein, diarachidonin, 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl diglyceride, and 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl diglyceride. In contrast, diacylglycerols containing saturated fatty acids such as dipalmitin and distearin were far less effective. Triacyl- and monoacylglycerols were totally ineffective, irrespective of the fatty acyl moieties. Cholesterol and free fatty acids were also ineffective. Based on these observations, a possible coupling is proposed between the protein kinase activation and phosphatidylinositol turnover which can be provoked by various extracellular messengers. PMID- 7358671 TI - Thermodynamic aspects of translocation of reducing equivalents by mitochondria. AB - The "poise" in which there is no net transport of reducing equivalents mediated by glutamate and aspartate movements across the mitochondrial membrane has been studied using nonrespiring liver mitochondria, supplied with a given extramitochondrial ATP/ADP ratio. Absorbance shifts in safranine have been used as a probe to estimate the membrane potential generated under these conditions. Measurements of the asymmetric distribution of substrate anions and of reducing potential across the limiting membrane gave estimated differences of between 2.2 and 3.3 kcal when the ATP/ADP ratio in the suspending medium was about 30. The estimated membrane potential under these conditions was about 140 mV. All of the above parameters were decreased in a corresponding manner when the ATP/ADP ratio imposed from outside was decreased. A strong inflection in the slope of correlated parameters was obtained when the ATP/ADP ratio was below about 0.5. On the other hand, there was a linear relationship between the membrane potential and the asymmetric poise of reducing equivalents and of carbon metabolites. It is concluded that the poise of reducing equivalents mediated by the malate-aspartate shuttle is determined principally by the membrane potential through its effect on the electrogenic exchange of glutamate and aspartate. PMID- 7358672 TI - Catecholamine regulation of lactate dehydrogenase in rat brain cell culture. Norepinephrine differentially increases the rate of synthesis of the individual subunits in the C6 glial tumor cell line. PMID- 7358673 TI - Evidence for a difference in affinities of human hemoglobin beta A and beta S chains for alpha chains. AB - A limiting amount of isolated human hemoglobin alpha chains was incubated with a mixture containing excess, but equal, amounts of beta A and beta S chains to form hemoglobin S = alpha 2 beta 2S and hemoglobin = alpha 2 beta 2A, presumably by the reaction 2 alpha + 2 beta leads to 2 alpha beta leads to alpha 2 beta 2. The initial concentration of each type of beta chain was varied from levels (greater than microM) at which the tetrameric form = beta 4 was predominant to levels (less than 1 microM) at which the tetramers had dissociated to monomers. The initial relative concentration of alpha chains remained constant at one-twentieth (0.05) that of total beta chains. About 50% as much hemoglobin S as hemoglobin A was formed in each reaction despite the 500-fold range in the beta chain concentrations among the assays. These results suggest that the difference in amounts of hemoglobins S and A formed was caused by a difference in affinities of individual beta S and beta A chain monomers for alpha chains and not by a difference in the concentrations of beta S and beta A monomers resulting from putative unequal rates of dissociation of beta 4S and beta 4S tetramers. PMID- 7358674 TI - Characterization of a glucosidase involved in an initial step in the processing of oligosaccharide chains. PMID- 7358676 TI - Transport interaction of L-cystine and L-glutamate in human diploid fibroblasts in culture. PMID- 7358675 TI - Carbohydrate-mediated clearance of antibody . antigen complexes from the circulation. The role of high mannose oligosaccharides in the hepatic uptake of IgM . antigen complexes. AB - After immunization of rats with bovine serum albumin (BSA) for a 12-day period, approximately 90% of anti-BSA antibody was IgM. The circulating half-life of limiting amounts of 125I-BSA in immunized and control rats was 6 min and 24 h, respectively. The rapid clearance of 125I-BSA was inhibited by pre- or co injection of mannan and ovalbumin, but not by asialofetuin, rat serum albumin, carbon particles, dextran, or depletion of serum complement. Soluble IgM . 125I BSA complexes, formed in vitro under conditions of antibody excess, were rapidly cleared from the circulation of nonimmunized rats, and clearance was also inhibited by ovalbumin but not by asialofetuin. Immune complexes formed in vivo or in vitro were recovered primarily (approximately 60% of dose) in hepatic nonparenchymal cells and in other organs of the reticuloendothelial system. In experiments in vitro, IgM was bound tightly by concanavalin A only when complexed with antigen. Digestion of IgM . 125I-BSA complexes with alpha-mannosidase abolished both binding by concanavalin A and rapid clearance in normal rats. These data suggest that antigen-induced conformational changes can result in exposure of high mannose oligosaccharides on IgM which signal the clearance of soluble immune complexes from the circulation. PMID- 7358677 TI - Studies of an unusually basic hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. AB - Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) from beef brain has been purified 3100-fold to apparent homogeneity using a purification procedure based on GMP-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The native enzyme has a molecular weight of 84,000 as determined by gel filtration studies. A subunit molecular weight of 26,000 was obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting that the enzyme is a trimer. Two forms of the enzyme have been separated by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. Basic pI values of 7.85 and 8.10 were obtained for the two forms. These values are much higher than have been observed with any other purified phosphoribosyltransferase. The amino acid composition of the enzyme is 18 Lys, 6 His, 9 Arg, 1 Trp, 6 Cys, 28 Asx, 12 Thr, 16 Ser, 19 Glx, 10 Pro, 23 Gly, 16 Ala, 17 Val, 5 Met, 11 Ile, 19 Leu, 9 Tyr, and 8 Phe. An unusual basic amino acid, yet to be identified, was also present. The enzyme exhibits Km values of 0.42 microM for guanine, 0.99 microM for hypoxanthine, 18.6 microM for P-Rib PP in the presence of guanine, and 2.9 microM for P-Rib-PP in the presence of hypoxanthine. PMID- 7358678 TI - The active site of transketolase. Two arginine residues are essential for activity. PMID- 7358680 TI - Conformation-associated anomalous tyrosine fluorescence of adrenodoxin. PMID- 7358679 TI - Biosynthesis of carotenoids derived from neurosporene in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. AB - We have characterized the carotenoids accumulated by a series of mutants of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata as part of a study of the synthesis, structure, and function of the photosynthetic membranes of this bacterium. The carotenoids in this study were identified by visible and mass spectroscopy, chromatography, derivatization, and chemical analyses. We have located a new genetic region, crtF, necessary for the O-methylation of the carotenoids. Mutants with a lesion in crtF accumulate demethylspheroidene as their major carotenoid during anaerobic growth and demethylspheroidenone when grown in the presence of oxygen, a heretofore undescribed phenotype. The genetic region necessary for O-methylation maps adjacent to the known cluster of genes affecting carotenoid biosynthesis. In addition, we have identified methoxyneurosporene as the carotenoid that preferentially binds to the reaction centers of strain Ga, a green mutant of R. sphaeroides which accumulates three neurosporene-like carotenoids. A metabolic grid for carotenoid biosynthesis is proposed, based upon the intermediates accumulated in these mutants. PMID- 7358681 TI - Interaction of arylazido-beta-alanyl NADP+, a photoaffinity analogue of NADP+, with mitochondrial dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-ubiquinone reductase. PMID- 7358683 TI - Microsomal prostaglandin biosynthesis of human kidney. PMID- 7358682 TI - Characterization of the purified NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase of human erythrocytes as a FAD-containing enzyme. AB - NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase of normal human erythrocytes was purified by procedures including affinity chromatography on Blue-Sepharose to an electrophoretically homogeneous protein. The purified enzyme was judged to be a typical flavoprotein based on its absorption spectrum (absorption maxima, 272, 390, and 462 nm; shoulders, 373 and 488 nm) and flavin content (1 mol of FAD/mol of enzyme). The minimum molecular weight calculated from the flavin content was 32,300. The purified enzyme showed a distinct negative circular dichroic spectrum at 280 nm and also at 460 to 480 nm. With the best preparations, the molar ellipticities at 280 and 460 nm were well correlated with the enzyme activity and flavin content in the enzyme. A partial loss of flavin from the enzyme led to a concomitant loss of enzyme activity and decrease in the molar ellipticities at 460 and 280 nm. Flavin analogues such as acrinol and proflavine (0.1 mM) strongly inhibited the enzyme activity, and atebrin (0.1 mM) also showed partial inhibition. Complete inhibition was observed with 1 mM of any these reagents. These results apparently indicate that FAD in the enzyme functions as a prosthetic group, and that circular dichroic spectroscopy is a good measure of the bound form of flavin in the enzyme. PMID- 7358684 TI - Isolation of human intestinal neurotensin. AB - The biologically active peptide neurotensin (NT) has been isolated from fresh postmortem human small intestine and its identity with bovine hypothalamic and intestinal neurotensin has been established. Purification was achieved by gel filtration and two ion exchange chromatography steps; material was detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA). A substance was obtained that had integral molar ratios of amino acids and eluted in a single peak during reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). This material had an amino acid composition and COOH-terminal sequence identical with those of bovine NT. Human and bovine neurotensin gave rise to the same fragments when treated with papain; they were indistinguishable in RIAs using three different region-specific antisera and in their hypotensive effect on anesthetized rats. Using mucosal scrapings obtained immediately post-mortem from four subjects, the concentration of immunoreactive neurotensin was found to increase from duodenum to distal ileum, in agreement with results obtained in other mammalian species. PMID- 7358685 TI - Lactoperoxidase-tubulin interactions. AB - Self-iodinated lactoperoxidase co-polymerizes with brain microtubules to constant specific activity and a stoichiometry of 0.2 to 0.3 lactoperoxidase molecule/tubulin heterodimer polymerized in the presence of 4 M glycerol. By contrast, iodinated tubulin loses its competence to polymerize. The lactoperoxidase-microtubule association is salt- and temperature-sensitive, shows considerable specificity, is saturable, and is reversible. Lactoperoxidase does not displace the microtubule-associated proteins from microtubules, does not promote polymerization, and binds to preformed microtubules. Self-iodinated lactoperoxidase also binds to tubulin oligomers at 0 degrees C and in the presence of CaCl2. The stoichiometry for this interaction is 0.6 to 0.8 molecules of enzyme/dimer. Lactoperoxidase forms a complex with soluble brain tubulin prepared by two cycles of polymerization and depolymerization or by phosphocellulose chromatography. The interaction was studied by sucrose gradient analysis, gel filtration, and spectral analysis based on the finding that tubulin binding to lactoperoxidase leads to a red shift in the Soret spectrum, yielding a difference spectrum with a minimum of 410 nm and maximum at 430 nm. This interaction involves one or more sulfhydryl groups of tubulin. Complex formation is relatively slow, is retarded by 0.6 M NaCl, and is accelerated by diiodotyrosine. By all three methods of analysis, the stoichiometry approaches a value of 2 lactoperoxidase molecules/tubulin dimer. There is a single class of binding sites in pig, beef, or rat tubulin with an apparent overall affinity constant of approximately 2.0 x 10(6) M-1. The molecular weight of the complex by sucrose gradient or gel filtration is approximately 140,000 i.e. half of the expected value for a 2:1 adduct. Since both alpha and beta subunits are present in the complex, we propose that the complex consists of a mixture of equal parts of presumably native alpha-tubulin-lactoperoxidase and beta-tubulin lactoperoxidase. PMID- 7358686 TI - Acid-soluble nuclear proteins of the testis during spermatogenesis in the winter flounder. Loss of the high mobility group proteins. PMID- 7358688 TI - Purification and characterization of a membrane-bound protein kinase from human erythrocytes. PMID- 7358687 TI - Identification of cholera toxin binding glycoproteins in rat intestinal microvillus membranes. AB - Glycoproteins of the microvillus membranes from rat small intestinal epithelial cells were examined for their ability to bind cholera toxin. Membrane glycoproteins prepared by Ricinus communis agglutinin-Sepharose affinity chromatography, which were free of glycolipids, were shown to be able to form complexes with iodinated cholera toxin by gel filtration column chromatography. These glycoproteins were further characterized by subjecting the complex of tritiated cholera toxin receptors, cholera toxin, and anti-cholera toxin antibody to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography and by localizing cholera toxin binding glycoproteins on sodium dodecyl sulfate-gels using iodinated cholera toxin. In addition to glycolipids, at least 5 glycoproteins with molecular weights of 69,000, 90,000, 100,000, 114,000, and 132,000 were identified by both methods. These results suggest that microvillus membranes contain glycoprotein and glycolipid receptors for cholera toxin. PMID- 7358689 TI - Melittin forms crystals which are suitable for high resolution X-ray structural analysis and which reveal a molecular 2-fold axis of symmetry. AB - Melittin is the principal protein component of bee venom and is believed to function as a lytic agent. In aqueous salt solution, it is a tetramer of identical peptides, each with 26 amino acid residues. Although its amino acid composition is unusually nonpolar, and although it is believed to integrate into membranes while lysing cells, melittin is water-soluble at neutral pH. Two crystal forms have been grown from solutions containing ammonium sulfate and sodium formate, and their x-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the melittin tetramer contains at least one 2-fold axis of rotation. Both crystal forms are suitable for high resolution x-ray structural studies. Moreover, both crystals bind several heavy atoms as judged by changes in buoyancy, so that phase determination by the method of isomorphous replacement is possible. Crystallized melittin retains its lytic activity even under the conditions of crystallization (about 70% saturated ammonium sulfate). PMID- 7358691 TI - Characterization of the anion transport system in hepatocyte plasma membranes. PMID- 7358690 TI - Appearance of heat shock proteins during the induction of multiple flagella in Naegleria gruberi. AB - A heat shock to amebae of the amebo-flagellate Naegleria gruberi during differentiation into swimming flagellates results in the induction of heat shock proteins as well as multiple flagella. The principal heat shock proteins migrate on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels with apparent molecular weights of 96,000, 77,000, 70,000, and 68,000. These proteins are synthesized preferentially when cells at 25 degrees C are shifted to temperatures above 32 degrees C. The maximal incorporation of methionine into heat shock proteins occurs at 38.2 degrees C, the temperature at which maximal induction of multiple flagella has been reported. Synthesis of heat shock proteins requires new transcription as judged by the ability of actinomycin D to inhibit their synthesis during the first 15 min of heat shock but not thereafter. Although heat shock can induce multiple flagella only when applied during a restricted interval, heat shock proteins are induced at any time cells are shifted to 38.2 degrees C. The response to heat shock of the Naegleria heat shock proteins resembles that of Drosophila heat shock proteins, but the two groups of proteins differ in both size and number. Naegleria heat shock proteins are, however, strikingly similar in size to a group of heat-induced proteins found in chick embryo fibroblast, mouse L, and BHK cells. PMID- 7358692 TI - The regulatory component of adenylate cyclase from uncoupled S49 lymphoma cells differs in charge from the wild type protein. AB - The uncoupled (UNC) variant of the S49 lymphoma possesses the components known to be required for a hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase system, including receptors for hormones, a guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein (G/F), and a catalyst; however, hormones are ineffective in stimulating enzymatic activity in these cells. Two proteins (Mr = 45,000 and 55,000) are labeled with [32P]NAD when wild type or UNC membranes are incubated with the labeled nucleotide and cholera toxin (Johnson, G.L., Kaslow, H.R., and Bourne, H.R. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 7120-7123). The 45,000-dalton component appears to be a constituent of G/F. Two dimensional electrophoresis of the labeled proteins reveals that both are more acidic when derived from UNC cells. PMID- 7358693 TI - Identification of the putative cell-free translation product of rat calcitonin mRNA. AB - Messenger RNA from calcitonin-secreting rat medullary thyroid carcinoma lines directs the synthesis of a putative precursor of calcitonin when translated in wheat embryo lysate. The major translation product directed by mRNA isolated from a rat tumor with a calcitonin content representing greater than 2% of the total protein mass has an apparent molecular weight of 17,500 when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immunoprecipitations of the cell-free translation products demonstrate that the 17,500-dalton protein has immunologic determinants which are specifically recognized by antisera to calcitonin. In addition, the relative prominence of this protein is significantly diminished when mRNA from lines with low calcitonin content is used to direct cell-free protein synthesis. This evidence suggests that the initial translation product of calcitonin mRNA is a 17,500-dalton species which must undergo subsequent processing to generate the secreted polypeptide. PMID- 7358694 TI - Kinetic studies on muscarinic antagonist-agonist competition. AB - The kinetics of the association and dissociation of the radiolabeled high affinity muscarinic antagonist N-[3H]methyl-4-piperidinyl benzilate was studied with the receptor from smooth muscle. Neither the agonists carbamylcholine and oxotremorine nor the antagonist atropine did influence the dissociation rate (k 2) of the receptor . antagonist complex. Binding of the antagonist (A) takes place in two consecutive steps: (formula: see text). Agonists did not seem to influence the dissociation constant (k-1/k+1) of the first binding step, while atropine caused a large increase in this constant. These results indicate that while antagonist-antagonist competition can be explained in terms of competition for the free receptor (R), antagonist-agonist competition cannot be fitted with such a simple model. PMID- 7358695 TI - Solubilization and partial purification of the Ca2+/Na+ antiporter from the plasma membrane of bovine heart. AB - Vesicles derived from the plasma membrane of bovine heart muscle catalyze an uptake of 45Ca+ which is dependent on Na+ inside the vesicles and inhibited by external Na+ (Ki = 14 mM). The transporter was solubilized with 2% cholate at high ionic strength (0.5 M NaCl) in the presence of 2.4% soybean phospholipids. Appropriate dilution and sedimentation yielded a preparation of the transporter which could be reconstituted into liposomes. The proteoliposomes catalyzed Ca2+ uptake with a specific activity about 5 times higher than native vesicles. External Na+ inhibited Ca2+ uptake with a Ki of 50 mM. The uptake of Ca2+ was also inhibited when the Na+ gradient was collapsed with nigericin. Ca2+ uptake was stimulated when either valinomycin or dinitrophenol was added to the assay, in line with the known electrogenic nature of the transport system. PMID- 7358697 TI - Trypsin activation of human factor XI. AB - Human factor XI circulates as a zymogen composed of two similar or identical chains of Mr = 80,000. Upon activation either by trypsin or by blood-clotting proteins involving clotting factors XII and high molecular weight kininogen, it undergoes proteolytic cleavage in which the Mr = 80,000 chain reportedly is cleaved to a heavy and light chain of Mr of about 48,000 and 33,000, respectively. In these studies, we have reinvestigated trypsin activation of factor XI and demonstrate that trypsin-activated factor XI contains three chains of apparent Mr = 46,000, 37,000, and 26,000. Kinetic studies lead to the conclusion that the parent chain of Mr = 80,000 is cleaved into chains of Mr = 46,000 and 37,000. This cleavage is followed by a second nondestructive cleavage, most probably of the chain of Mr = 46,000, to yield the third product which migrates as a band of Mr = 26,000. PMID- 7358696 TI - Modulation of adenylate cyclase in intact macrophages by microtubules. Opposing actions of colchicine and chemotactic factor. PMID- 7358698 TI - Kinetic mechanism of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from the lactating rat mammary gland. Implications for regulation. PMID- 7358700 TI - Kinetics of the isomerization of 5-androsten-3,17-dione catalyzed by delta 5-3 ketosteroid isomerase from Pseudomonas putida. PMID- 7358699 TI - The purification and characterization of delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase from Pseudomonas putida, a cysteine-containing isomerase. AB - A delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase (EC 5.3.3.1) has been isolated from Pseudomonas putida Biotype B and purified to homogeneity. This previously undescribed steroid isomerase resembles that isolated from Pseudomonas testosteroni (Talalay, P., and Wang, V.S. (1955) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 18, 300-301). The enzyme is induced by various steroids, has a subunit molecular weight of 13,750 +/- 250, a pI of 4.8 +/- 0.1 has a specific activity of 40,000 units/mg, using 5-androstene-3,17-dione as the substrate. The amino acid composition of the enzyme subunit is Lys 2, His 2, Arg 8, Asp 11, Thr 5, Ser 4, Glu 17, Pro 8, Gly 12, Ala 12, Val 10, Met 5, Ile 6, Leu 8, Tyr 4, Phe 4, and Cys 4. The amino acid sequence has been determined for the NH2-terminal 50 residues. This portion of the polypeptide chain is approximately 47% homologous with the amino acid sequence of the first 50 residues of the delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase from P. testosteroni. The amino acid sequence of residues 33 to 41 of the P. putida isomerase is identical with the region Ala 31 through Pro 39 in the P. testosteroni enzyme. Residue 40 of the P. putida enzyme is aspartic acid and corresponds in the sequence to Asp 38 of the P. testosteroni isomerase, which has been shown to be essential for enzymatic activity (Ogez, J.R., Tivol, W.F., and Benisek, W.F. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 6151-6155). PMID- 7358701 TI - Active site-directed photoinactivation of delta 5-3-ketosteroid isomerase from Pseudomonas putida dependent on 1,4,6-androstatrien-3-one-17 beta-ol. AB - delta 5-3-Ketosteroid isomerase from Pseudomonas putida is subject to photoinactivation by light of wavelengths greater than 300 nm, specifically in the presence of the competitive inhibitor, 1,4,6-androstatrien-3-one-17 beta-ol (TEO). In the absence of this steroid or in the presence of the nonchromophoric steroidal competitive inhibitor, deoxycholate, the enzyme activity is essentially unaffected by irradiation. Deoxycholate protects the enzyme from the TEO dependent reaction to a degree which is predictable from the concentrations of deoxycholate and TEO and their respective competitive inhibition constants, thus demonstrating that the inititial velocity of the photoinactivation is dependent upon the fraction of enzyme active sites occupied by TEO. Cholate, which is not a competitive inhibitor, does not protect enzyme activity. Amino acid analyses of hydrochloric acid hydrolysates of the photoinactivated enzyme show no significant differences from that of the native enzyme. However, the fraction of initial enzyme activity remaining correlates quantitatively with the disappearance of one of the four thiol groups in each polypeptide chain of the enzyme. Enzyme irradiated under the same conditions in the absence of TEO does not lose thiol groups. PMID- 7358702 TI - Suicide inactivation of monoamine oxidase by trans-phenylcyclopropylamine. PMID- 7358703 TI - Covalent linkage of poly(A) to RNA produces a molecule altered in both structure and susceptibility to ribonuclease-mediated hydrolysis. PMID- 7358704 TI - Activation and changes in sedimentation properties of steroid receptors. PMID- 7358705 TI - Purification by benzoylated cellulose chromatography of translatable messenger ribonucleic acid lacking polyadenylate. PMID- 7358706 TI - pH changes accompanying the association of isolated alpha and beta chains of human hemoglobin. PMID- 7358707 TI - Peptides from complex II active in reconstitution of succinate-ubiquinone reductase. PMID- 7358708 TI - 2-Bromo-alpha-ergocryptine causes degradation of prolactin in primary cultures of rat pituitary cells after chronic treatment. PMID- 7358709 TI - Studies on the reaction mechanism of lactate oxidase. Formation of two covalent flavin-substrate adducts on reaction with glycollate. AB - L-Lactate oxidase from Mycobacterium smegmatis catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of glycollate, with formate, CO2, and H2O as the major products. In addition, some "uncoupling" of the normal reaction occurs, with glyoxylate and H2O adition, some "uncoupling" of the normal reaction occurs, with glyoxylate and H2O2 as products. Glyoxylate is also a substrate (presumably as its hydrate); in this case, the reaction products are oxalate and H2O2. Evidence is presented that the enzyme recognizes glycollate as a prochiral substrate, differentiating between the Re- and Si-faces of the alpha carbon atom. Two highly fluorescent species are formed concomitantly from the reaction with glycollate; they are proposed to be covalent alpha-glycollyl adducts to the reduced flavin position N(5). One of these adducts is labile and in rapid equilibrium with oxidized enzyme and glycollate, and with the complex of reduced enzyme and glyoxylate; this adduct is a catalytically competent intermediate. The other adduct is comparatively stable (t 1/2 for decay = 20 min at 25 degrees C) and does not react with O2. It is formed at a rate approximately 1% that of the catalytic adduct, but because of its lack of reaction with O2 and its stability, it gradually accumulates during catalytic turnover, resulting in catalytically incompetent enzyme. An isotope effect of approximately 4 is found in the reduction of oxidized enzyme flavin and in the formation of the labile fluorescent adduct, when alpha-2H2-glycollate or (R)-glycollate-2-d is used, but not with the (S)-glycollate-2-d enantiomer. It is concluded that the catalytic adduct is formed by hydrogen abstraction from the Re-face of glycollate. PMID- 7358710 TI - Partial nucleotide sequence of human alpha globin mRNA derived from analysis of 32P-labeled cRNA and 125I-labeled mRNA; correlation with a globin cDNA sequence. PMID- 7358711 TI - Modification of hemoglobin with analogs of aspirin. AB - A variety of acyl esters of salicyclic acid and 3,5-dibromosalicylic acid have been prepared and examined for their ability to place the acyl group on hemoglobin. In general, short chain acyl groups (C2 and C3) are more reactive than longer chains (C4 to C10), but longer chains may be more effective with intact red cells because of their enhanced ability to permeate the erythrocyte membrane. The brominated salicyl esters also exhibit enhanced permeation of the membrane, as well as increased activity due to activation at the acyl site. Bis(salicyl) esters, nonbrominated and brominated, are more reactive than corresponding monoesters, and those from C4 dicarboxylic acids connect beta subunits by covalent bridges. These double-headed aspirins have the attractive features of being bound selectively by hemoglobin and of forming a covalent cross link that may influence the conformation of the tetramer. PMID- 7358712 TI - Purification and characterization of mRNA guanylyltransferase from HeLa cell nuclei. AB - GTP:mRNA guanylyltransferase, an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a GMP residue from GTP to the 5' end of RNA to form a cap structure identified as G(5')pppN-, has been isolated from HeLa cell nuclei. The enzyme has been purified approximately 1000-fold and separated by column chromatography (using DEAE cellulose, phosphocellulose, Cibacron blue-agarose, and GTP-agarose) from a variety of other activities, including RNA triphosphatase and mRNA (guanine 7)methyltransferase. The reaction product was identified by its resistance to Penicillium nuclease and alkaline phosphatase, sensitivity to venom phosphodiesterase, and electrophoretic and chromatographic mobilities relative to authentic standards. Optimal enzyme activity was obtained at pH 7.5 in the presence of Mn2+ or Mg2+, GTP, and an appropriate acceptor polyribonucleotide. The enzyme was inhibited by elevated concentrations of salt and by sulfhydryl binding reagents but was unaffected by S-adenosylmethionine or S adenosylhomocysteine. A molecular weight of 48,500 was estimated by sucrose gradient centrifugation of purified enzyme. PMID- 7358713 TI - Donor and acceptor specificities of HeLa cell mRNA guanylyltransferase. PMID- 7358714 TI - Gene expression and the diversity of polysomal messenger RNA sequences in regenerating liver. PMID- 7358715 TI - The mechanism by which body temperature inhibits protein biosynthesis in spermatids of rat testes. PMID- 7358716 TI - Biosynthesis of bile acids in man. Multiple pathways to cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. PMID- 7358717 TI - The uptake of high density lipoprotein cholesteryl ester in the perfused rat liver. AB - The hepatic uptake of high density lipoprotein cholesteryl ester was determine in a nonrecycling isolated rat liver perfusion. High density lipoprotein rich in the E apoprotein (apoE) showed about 10 times more uptake of the ester on a single pass than the bulk of the high density lipoproteins rich in the A-I protein. The apoportein recoveries in the liver paralleled the ester for both lipoproteins. The uptake appeared to occur primarily in the hepatic parenchymal cell. Addition of human C-III-1 apoprotein to the rat apoE-rich high density lipoprotein inhibited the hepatic uptake of its constituents. PMID- 7358718 TI - Characterization of interferon messenger RNA synthesis in Namalva cells. PMID- 7358719 TI - Interpretation of the pH dependence of flavin reduction in the L-amino acid oxidase reaction. PMID- 7358720 TI - Evidence for a sulfhydryl group at the active site of serine transhydroxymethylase. AB - Iodoacetate reacts rapidly with one sulfhydryl group/subunit on aposerine transhydroxymethylase. The carboxymethylated apoenzyme does not recombine with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Under conditions used in the apoenzyme studies, the holoenzyme does not react to an appreciable extent with iodoacetate. The reaction of the apoenzyme with iodoacetate shows pseudo-first order kinetics with a half life of about 3 min at 0 degrees C and pH 7.0. A pattern of saturation kinetics was found when increasing concentrations of iodoacetate were used. The half maximum rate of inactivation occurred at 1.5 mM iodoacetate. Phosphate was observed to inhibit competitively the inactivation by iodoacetate with a Ki value of 1.8 mM. No inactivation of aposerine transhydroxymethylase was found when iodoacetamide was used in place of iodoacetate. These experiments suggest that removal of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate from serine transhydroxymethylase exposes a reactive sulfhydryl group with a nearby cationic center which binds the carboxyl group of iodoacetate. The reactive sulfhydryl group was labeled with [14C]iodoacetate. From a chymotryptic digest, a 14C-containing peptide was isolated and determined to be: His-Pro-Lys-Leu-Ile-Ile-Ala-Gly-Thr-Ser-Cys(Cm) Tyr. PMID- 7358721 TI - Presence of spectrin tetramer on the erythrocyte membrane. AB - In order to examine the subunit structure of membrane-associated spectrin, human erythrocyte membranes were cross-linked with a variety of photosensitive heterobifunctional reagents by flash photolysis millisecond cross-linking (Kiehm, D.J., and Ji, T.H. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 8524-8531). Cross-linking of ghosts produced a series of new bands with apparent molecular weights of approximately 420,000, 710,000, and 910,000, as well as a band at the top of the gels. Evidence is presented that these three bands represent spectrin dimer, trimer, and tetramer, respectively. We propose that spectrin tetramer exists on the membrane as the predominant structural unit and that dimer is not a repeating structural unit. PMID- 7358722 TI - Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase catalyzes an equilibrating unidirectional transport as well. AB - Besides carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase-catalyzed exchange diffusions, a relatively much slower unidirectional transport of carnitines also proceeds in mitochondria. The latter proceeds in the direction of the concentration gradient of carnitines and leads to the equilibration of carnitine concentration across the inner membrane. The same translocase that catalyzes exchange diffusion appears to catalyze unidirectional transport inasmuch as the two processes showed similar substrate specificity, sensitivity to inhibitors, high temperature coefficients, apparent affinity for carnitine, and a lack of energy requirement. The unidirectionally imported carnitine readily exchanged against medium carnitine, indicating that the two transport processes share the same pool of mitochondrial carnitine. Unidirectional transport appears to be functional in vivo; its operation seems not only to allow mitochondria to acquire carnitine but to adjust the rates of their faster exchange-diffusion reactions with changes in total tissue carnitine concentrations. The carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase was found to be about 15 times as active in mitochondria of rat liver as in those of heart. PMID- 7358723 TI - Expression of genes coding for non-histone chromosomal proteins in human-Chinese hamster cell hybrids. An electrophoretic analysis. AB - The non-histone chromosomal (NHC) proteins of several human and hamster cell lines as well as human-hamster cell hybrids were investigated by one- and two dimensional gel electrophoresis. In each type of human cell, over 90% of the 230 most prominent NHC proteins were indistinguishable electrophoretically from the NHC proteins of the hamster cells. Of the roughly 10% which were distinct, 11 of the proteins may be human-specific, since they were found in each type of human cell examined. The NHC proteins in seven different stable human-hamster cell lines, which, in total, contained markers for 21 of the 24 human chromosomes, were electrophoretically indistinguishable from those of the parental hamster cell line, with the exception of a single protein in one hybrid line. It is concluded that many of the genes coding for the apparently human-specific NHC proteins are not expressed in these hybrid cells. The single exception to this appeared to be a gene coding for a protein of roughly 300,000 daltons. This protein was synthesized in one of the hybrids, as well as in each type of human cell. Since the NHC proteins of the hybrid and hamster cells were virtually identical, there was no evidence for the expression of genes coding for NHC proteins characteristic of the differentiated state of the parental human cells. PMID- 7358724 TI - Effect of purine deprivation on DNA synthesis and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools of a mammalian purine auxotrophic mutant cell line. PMID- 7358725 TI - The effect of albumin conformation on the binding of warfarin to human serum albumin. The dependence of the binding of warfarin to human serum albumin on the hydrogen, calcium, and chloride ion concentrations as studied by circular dichroism, fluorescence, and equilibrium dialysis. AB - The pH dependence of the binding of warfarin to human serum albumin has been studies by circular dichroism, fluorescence, and equilibrium dialysis. The pH dependences of the induced ellipticity and the fluorescent intensity of the warfarin . albumin complexes at low drug to protein ratios parallel the neutral to base transition, occurring in the protein over the pH range 6 to 9. Dialysis data show albumin to have a single high affinity site for warfarin over this pH range. This affinity is higher for the basic than for the neutral conformation. Calcium ions increase the high affinity constant of warfarin for albumin over the same pH region, by affecting the neutral to base transition. On the other hand, chloride ions reduce the induced ellipticity and the fluorescent intensity of the complexes at all pH investigated, the mechanism being primarily that of displacement of the drug from albumin. PMID- 7358726 TI - Interaction between hemoglobin subunits in the hemoglobin . haptoglobin complex. PMID- 7358727 TI - The biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in higher plants. Channeling of intermediates in dhurrin biosynthesis by a microsomal system from Sorghum bicolor (linn) Moench. AB - The biosynthetic pathway for the cyanogenic glucoside, dhurrin, involves the following intermediates: L-tyrosine, N-hydroxytyrosine, p hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime, p-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile, and p hydroxymandelonitrile. N-Hydroxytyrosine and p-hydroxy-phenylacetonitrile produced from L-tyrosine by microsomes from seedlings of Sorghum bicolor are utilized more effectively as substrates than exogenously added N-hydroxytyrosine and p-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile. The minimum values for the channeling ratios are 25 for N-hydroxytyrosine and 115 for p-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile. On the other hand, p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime produced internally exchanges readily with exogenously added p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime. These results indicate that the biosynthetic pathway is catalyzed by two mutienzyme complexes or by two multifunctional proteins and explain why the rate of the overall sequential reaction starting from L-tyrosine is greater than the rates of reaction initiated later in the sequence with the known intermediates N-hydroxytyrosine and p hydroxyphenylacetonitrile. Attempts to cross-link chemically the last enzyme in the pathway, a soluble UDP-glucose glucosyl-transferase, to the microsomal system were unsuccesful. PMID- 7358728 TI - New approach for studying macromolecular-ligand binding. Determination of the dissociation constant for macromolecule-bound ligand by gel filtration. AB - A graph is presented which permits facile determination of the dissociation constant constant for a macromolecule . ligand complex from gel filtration results; it can be used without a detailed understanding of the remainder of the text. When a solution of macromolecules and radioactive ligand is subjected to gel filtrations, the amount of ligand associated with the eluted macromolecule is easily measured. This quantity is then used for obtaining the corresponding dissociation constant from the graph. Values given in the graph had been determined from an equation, which is presented in the text, by means of a program which is run on a programmable calculator (Texas Instruments SR-52). It is also demonstrated how the validity of dissociation constants so obtained can be checked independently by means of a second calculation. A modification of these procedures permits determination of the dissociation constant for those situations where there is moderate dilution of the eluted sample relative to that applied to the gel filtration column, and the graph incorporates results from such calculations. The successful application of the present approach to the determination of the dissociation constants for a tubulin . [3H]GDP complex is described. Also, the potential importance of the present approach relative to other techniques for dissociation constant determination is discussed. PMID- 7358729 TI - Evidence for rapid and concerted turnover of membrane phospholipids in MOPC 41 myeloma cells and its possible relationship to secretion. AB - Newly synthesized microsomal membrane phospholipids of actively secreting myeloma cells all appear to decay rapidly, with initial half-lives of less than 1 h. Their rates of decay are similar to each other and to the rates observed earlier for the decay of the protein components of the membrane and also for the intracellular turnover of immunoglobulin light chain, the predominant secretory product of these cells. This evidence, which suggests that many different components of the membrane and, therefore, presumably the membrane itself turn over rapidly, provides support for the hypothesis that unidirectional membrane flow, accompanied by rapid synthesis of the membranes at the origin of flow and their rapid degradation at or near the terminus of flow, is the mechanism of intracellular transport of secretory product by the myeloma cell. An attractive feature of this mechanism is that rapid synthesis and degradation of the membranes could provide the driving force for membrane flow. PMID- 7358730 TI - Synthesis of 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) increases during corneal development. PMID- 7358731 TI - Nucleation-controlled aggregation of deoxyhemoglobin S. Participation of hemoglobin A in the aggregation of deoxyhemoglobin S in concentrated phosphate buffer. PMID- 7358732 TI - Specific modification of rat uterine estrogen receptor by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. PMID- 7358733 TI - Sites of nonenzymatic glycosylation of human hemoglobin A. PMID- 7358734 TI - The biosynthesis of rat serum albumin. Composition and properties of the intracellular precursor, proalbumin. PMID- 7358735 TI - Characterization of human high density lipoproteins by zonal ultracentrifugation. PMID- 7358736 TI - Thyroid and brain microtubules: a comparison. PMID- 7358737 TI - Isolation and characterization of a serine-threonine-rich galactoglycoprotein from normal human plasma. AB - A serine-threonine-rich galactoglycoprotein was isolated in homogeneous form from pooled normal human plasma. After precipitation of the major portion of the plasma proteins by Cohn's low temperature-low salt-ethanol procedure, the proteins and glycoproteins remaining in the supernatant solution of Cohn Fraction V were concentrated with the aid of DEAE-cellulose. Fractional elution from this ion exchange resin yielded a crude preparation of the galactoglycoprotein which was purified subsequently by gel filtration through Sephadex G-100. Homogeneity of the protein was established by several criteria of purity including disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and COOH-terminal amino acid analysis. The major physicochemical constants of the macromolecule including its molecular weight of 81,000 were measured. The chemical composition of this protein was found to be unusual: the total carbohydrate moiety accounts for 76% of its weight and consists of 23% sialic acid, 23% total neutral sugar, including 20% galactose, 1% fucose, and almost equal amounts of GalNAc and GlcNAc totalling 27%. The polypeptide moiety accounting for 26% of the weight of the glycoprotein distinguishes itself by a high content of serine and threonine. PMID- 7358738 TI - Surface ultrastructure and pressure dynamics of tracheal tube cuffs. PMID- 7358739 TI - Performance analysis of total hip prostheses: some particular metallurgical observations. AB - Metallurgical observations of phenomena which influence the clinically successful performance of permanent implants and implant materials are reported. The effect of casting voids in cast cobalt chromium femoral stems of total hip replacements is discussed first. Pitting corrosion occurred in a retrieved stainless-steel implant type AISI 316 containing 2.7% Mo. The fractographic pattern of this device retrieved for fatigue failure shows typical characteristics of corrosion enhanced fatigue. PMID- 7358740 TI - Haversian osteons: longitudinal variation of internal structure. AB - Previous studies have suggested that one general type of osteon exists, rather than the three types previously classified as light, intermediate, and dark. A method is presented that permits rapid, quantitative measurement of the percent transmission of osteons seen in thin section between crossed polarizers. In studies of osteon segments from human cortical bone, cut either 200 or 5 micrometers in length, a continuous variation of transmission is seen, both for the populations as a whole and for serial sections. These variations cannot be ascribed to angulation between the direction of observation and the axis of the osteonal segment. No correlation can be observed between the angle of the segment axis and the percent transmission. It is suggested that the collagen fiber orientation in osteonal segments must be considered to be continuous, as judged by scattering of polarized light. PMID- 7358741 TI - The influence of design parameters on calcar stresses following femoral head arthroplasty. AB - A two-dimensional finite element model (FEM) was used to investigate the effect of various prosthesis design parameters on stresses along the proximal medial aspect of the femur. Strain calculations were compared to reported experimentally measured strains for an intact femur and femur containing a prosthesis in an effort to verify the FEM results. The results of the study indicated that stress levels in the medial aspect of the femur approaching those of the intact femur are possible with a device having an elastic modulus similar to bone. It was found that acrylic bone cement had little effect on stress profiles in the medial aspect when compared to stresses for devices utilizing a direct bone to implant attachment mechanism. It was also found that reduction in implant stem length and elastic modulus of tissue present at the prosthesis--bone interface could be used to increase stresses in the medial aspect; however, their effects were not as dramatic as reducing the elastic modulus of the stem material. PMID- 7358742 TI - Oxygen permeability of carbon-surfaced microporous membranes. AB - A study was conducted to measure the permeability to oxygen (PmO2) of microporous membranes coated with ultra-low-temperature isotropic (ULTI) carbon. Carbon surfaced membranes were fabricated by application of a thin complete layer (0.7 to 1.7 microns thick) of ULTI carbon onto one surface of a microporous substrate. Based upon the average values of 27 measurements in a diffusion cell, a mean reduction in PmO2 of only 10% results following the treatment of the microporous substrate with ULTI carbon. The values for PmO2 are not dependent upon the thickness of the carbon film over the range of film thickness of 0.7 to 1.7 microns. When coupled with the known antithrombotic characteristics of ULTI carbon, an oxygenator incorporating carbon-surfaced microporous membranes has the potential for use in clinical extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). PMID- 7358743 TI - Academic focus: graduate study in biological materials at Northwestern University. PMID- 7358744 TI - Time-temperature behavior for creep of dental amalgam. AB - From 0 to 24 hours at an initial static stress of 34.5 MPa and in the temperature range of 0 to 60 degrees C, the creep behavior of four different one-week-old dental amalgams was monitored in a recently developed mini-specimen creep apparatus. In most instances the behavior could not be described by a linear relationship. Therefore, the usefulness of calculating creep rate based upon only two times, i.e., 1 and 4 hours, must be questioned. On the other hand, the observed creep kinetics were found to follow accepted nonlinear models of dislocation/obstacles interactions which may be thermally activated. PMID- 7358745 TI - Electrochemical corrosion in saline and serum. PMID- 7358746 TI - Biocompatibility of Macor glass ceramic. PMID- 7358748 TI - The biology of human chondrosarcoma. I. Description of the cases, grading, and biochemical analyses. AB - Tissues from sixty-nine cartilage tumors in sixty-six individuals were obtained at the time of operation and each lesion was graded as benign (seventeen) or as a low-grade (thirty-three) or high-grade (nineteen) chondrosarcoma according to histological and roentgenographic criteria. The material obtained was analyzed by biochemical techniques for its content of water, ash, DNA, total protein (composed of collagen and so-called excess protein), and carbohydrate. In addition, proteoglycan subunit was isolated and the chain lengths of chrondroitin sulphate and keratan sulphate were determined. Analysis of the data showed that for the most part the tumors differed only quantitatively from articular cartilage controls, with the principal variations noted in water, ash, protein, and collagen content. Sugar concentrations were highly variable, but analysis of the proteoglycan subunit showed a distribution of glycosaminoglycans characteristic of immature articular cartilage. Marked shortening of the keratan sulphate chains was noted without significant alteration in the chain lengths of chondroitin sulphate, The wide variations in pattern suggest that the cartilage tumors are not biochemically homogeneous and therefore probably do not represent a single group of genetic errors. PMID- 7358747 TI - Design of an artificial skin. II. Control of chemical composition. AB - Detailed methodology is described for the reproducible preparation of collagen- glycosaminoglycan (GAG) membranes with known chemical composition. These membranes have been used to cover satisfactorily large experimental full thickness skin wounds in guinea pigs over the past few years. Such membranes have effectively protected these wounds from infection and fluid loss for over 25 days without rejection and without requiring change or other invasive manipulation. When appropriately designed for the purpose, the membranes have also strongly retarded wound contraction and have become replaced by newly synthesized, stable connective tissue. In our work, purified, fully native collagen from two mammalian sources is precipitated from acid dispersion by addition of chondroitin 6-sulfate. The relative amount of GAG in the coprecipitate varies with the amount of GAG added and with the pH. Since coprecipitated GAG is generally eluted from collagen fibers by physiological fluids, control of the chemical composition of membranes is arrived at by crosslinking the collagen--GAG ionic complex with glutaraldehyde, or, alternately, by use of high-temperature vacuum dehydration. Appropriate use of the crosslinking treatment allows separate study of changes in membrane composition due to elution of GAG by extracellular fluid in animal studies from changes in composition due to enzymatic degradation of the grafted or implanted membrane in these studies. Exhaustive in vitro elution studies extending up to 20 days showed that these crosslinking treatments insolubilize in an apparently permanent manner a fraction of the ionically complexed GAG, although it could not be directly confirmed that glutaraldehyde treatment covalently crosslinks GAG to collagen. By contrast, the available evidence suggests strongly that high-temperature vacuum dehydration leads to formation of chemical bonds between collagen and GAG. Procedures are described for control of insolubilized and "free" GAG in these membranes as well as for control of the molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc). The insolubilized GAG can be controlled in the range 0.5--10 wt. % while "free" GAG can be independently controlled up to at least 25 wt. %; Mc can be controlled in the range 2500--40,000. Studies by infrared spectroscopy have shown that treatment of collagen--GAG membranes by glutaraldehyde or under high-temperature vacuum does not alter the configuration of the collagen triple helix in the membranes. Neither do these treatments modify the native banding pattern of collagen as viewed by electron microscopy. Collagen -GAG membranes appear to be useful as chemically well-characterized, solid macromolecular probes of biomaterial--tissue interactions. PMID- 7358749 TI - The biology of human chondrosarcoma. II. Variation in chemical composition among types and subtypes of benign and malignant cartilage tumors. PMID- 7358750 TI - Extra-osseous chondrosarcoma. Report of five cases and review of the literature. AB - In this paper we present five new cases and review sixty-one reported cases of extra-osseous chondrosarcoma. The lesion has a predilection for middle-aged men and for localization in the extremities. The mild and delayed nature of the symptoms contributes to delayed or inadequate treatment and an unusually high over-all recurrence rate of 50 per cent. En bloc resection is the treatment of choice. Amputation should be reserved for large tumors with extensive or intra articular invasion, osseous erosion, or major neurovascular involvement. Pulmonary lobectomy appears to be effective in treating localized pulmonary metastasis. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can also provide palliative benefits to patients with widespread metastases. Nearly all (77.8 per cent) of the known disease-related fatalities took place during the first year after operation on the primary tumor. The over-all five-year survival rate most likely is less than 81.2 per cent. PMID- 7358751 TI - Fractures of the tibial tuberosity in adolescents. AB - The cases of fourteen adolescents with fifteen physeal fractures of the tibial tuberosity were reviewed to more accurately define specific fracture patterns, to establish treatment for the different types, and to determine the incidence of complications. A modified classification scheme with a greater emphasis on intra articular extension of the fracture and communution of the tuberosity was devised. Closed or open reduction, as necessary, gave satisfactory results. The primary indications for surgery were: (1) displacement of one or more fragments of the tuberosity anterosuperiorly, and (2) extension of the fracture through the proximal tibial ossification center into the knee joint, with disruption of the joint surface. There appears to be an increased incidence of pre-existing Osgood Schlatter disease (ipsilateral and contralateral) in patients who have an acute tuberosity injury. Complications are rare. The theoretical possibility of the subsequent development of genu recurvatum appears unlikely, since most of these injuries occur when the physis of the tuberosity is undergoing normal closure. PMID- 7358752 TI - Efficacy of various forms of fixation of transverse fractures of the patella. AB - To determine whether any of the commonly used wiring techniques are rigid enough to allow early motion in the treatment of transverse fracture of the patella, the patellae of twenty-five fresh cadaver knees were fractured transversely and fixed using the following techniques: circumferential wiring, tension-band wiring, Magnusson wiring, and a modification of tension-band wiring. The knees were mounted in a machine capable of measuring quadriceps force, flexion angle, and fracture separation simultaneously. The knees were extended from 90 to zero degrees by applying tension to the quadriceps tendon with the force of gravity as the only resistance, and separation of the fracture fragments was measured first with the retinaculum unrepaired and then again with the retinaculum repaired. Separation of the fracture fragments was much less with the Magnusson wiring and modified tension-band wiring than with circumferential wiring or standard tension band wiring. The retinacular repair was found to contribute to stability; however, this seemed most important in the less rigid repairs. We concluded that if early motion is to be used in treating transverse fractures of the patella, techniques in which the wire is anchored directly in bone should be used and the retinaculum should be repaired. PMID- 7358753 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of the plica syndrome of the knee. AB - Seventy-three knees with a symptomatic plica were managed using both conservative and operative methods. Twelve patients were successfully treated conservatively. Fifty-seven patients (sixty-one knees) underwent arthrotomy and partial synovectomy or a release of the plica through the operating arthroscope, and all but two returned to full activity. The results were considered excellent or good after an average follow-up of nineteen months. PMID- 7358754 TI - Stress fractures after total knee arthroplasty. AB - Fifteen patients sustained fractures of the tibia after geometric and polycentric total knee arthroplasty. The mean follow-up after arthroplasty was 45.1 months. The chief causes for the stress fractures were axial malalignment and improper component orientation. All fifteen patients experienced loosening of the prosthesis and required revision arthroplasty for a satisfactory result. Revision at the time of diagnosis of the fracture did not adversely affect fracture healing. PMID- 7358755 TI - Perforation of the femoral shaft during total hip replacement. AB - Perforation of the femoral shaft by the prosthetic stem as a complication of total hip replacement is not well described in the literature. We studied twelve patients with this complication in order to define the predisposing factors, optimum management, and long-term outcome. Each patient was found to have one or more of the following factors: female sex, osteoporosis, previous fracture, or previous surgery. Once the complication was recognized, management consisted of protected weight-bearing for six weeks. All but two of the patients were asymptomatic after an average follow-up of five years. Judging from the long-term roetgenographic follow-up, penetration of the femoral shaft does not appear to seriously compromise the fixation of the femoral component. PMID- 7358756 TI - Post-reduction avascular necrosis in congenital dislocation of the hip. AB - Twenty-five patients with thirty congenitally dislocated hips in which avascular necrosis developed after closed reduction were followed for an average of thirty nine years from the time of reduction. Twenty-four of the thirty hips had moderate or severe osteoarthritis and twenty-two of the twenty-five patients had significant pain or loss of function, or both, by the time they were forty-two years old, The deformities produced by avascular necrosis that were related to osteoarthritis included: (1) loss of sphericity of the femoral head, (2) persistent lateral and proximal subluxation, (3) irregularity of the medial part of the femoral head, and (4) acetabular dysplasia. The study suggests that if avascular necrosis develops following closed reduction of a congenitally dislocated hip, attempts should be made to prevent lateral and proximal subluxation of the femoral head and to correct thse abnormalities, if possible, once they occur. PMID- 7358757 TI - Ligamentous restraints to anterior-posterior drawer in the human knee. A biomechanical study. PMID- 7358758 TI - Total replacement of the rheumatoid elbow with a hingeless prosthesis. AB - Twenty-four elbows with rheumatoid arthritis underwent total replacement arthroplasty with insertion of a hingeless surface-replacement prosthesis. These were followed for an average of three years and ten months. Excellent results were seen in fourteen elbows; fair, in seven; and poor, in three. Satisfactory pain relief as well as good stability were obtained in all but one elbow. Two elbows did not regain a useful range of motion. Proximal migration of the humeral component was seen in one elbow, and persistent subluxation with pain and instability was seen in another. No other major complications were encountered. The very low incidence of loosening in this series seems to substantiate the sound principle of the use of this type of hingeless prosthesis. PMID- 7358759 TI - Diagnosis and management of compartmental syndromes. AB - Patients at risk for compartmental syndromes challenge both the diagnostic and the therapeutic abilities of the physician. Suboptimum results may be due to delays in diagnosis and treatment, to incomplete surgical decompression, and to difficulties in the management of the limb after decompression. Although careful clinical assessment permits the diagnosis of a compartmental syndrome in most patients, we have found measurement of tissue pressure and direct nerve stimulation to be helpful for resolving ambiguous or equivocal cases. In our experience, the four-compartment parafibular approach to the leg and the ulnar approach to the volar compartments of the forearm provide efficient and complete decompression of potentially involved compartments. The skeletal stabilization of fractures associated with compartmental syndromes may facilitate management of the limb after surgical decompression. PMID- 7358761 TI - Atlanto-axial rotatory fixation associated with the 18q- syndrome. Case report. PMID- 7358760 TI - Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica of the scapula. A case report. PMID- 7358762 TI - Tarsal tunnel syndrome secondary to neurilemoma of the medial plantar nerve. PMID- 7358763 TI - Corrective osteotomy of femoral shaft malunion causing complete occlusion of the superficial femoral artery. PMID- 7358764 TI - The prevention of depressed scars after the use of skeletal traction. PMID- 7358765 TI - Compartmental syndrome as a complication of the Hauser Procedure. PMID- 7358766 TI - Tennis elbow. The surgical treatment of lateral epicondylitis. PMID- 7358767 TI - [Prognosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma related to the pattern of metastasis (author's transl)]. AB - Hundred nine unselected patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma have been stratified into 3 groups according to their type of metastasis: 17 patients with sceletal involvement only, 67 patients with visceral metastases, and 21 patients with a mixed type of metastasis. Four patients with a locoregional pattern of recurrence were not included in the analysis. The survival data (evaluated by life table analysis and a modified Wilcoxon-Rang-test) revealed a better prognosis for patients presenting exclusively with osseous metastases compared to the group with visceral metastases. The patients with osseous metastases showed a median survival time from diagnosis of 29.9 months compared to 11.6 months in patients with visceral involvement. Considering only patients whose metastases have been detected after a period of latency post nephrectomy, there is a further increase in the survival in favour of the patients with sceletal metastases and the difference to the group with visceral metastases becomes statistically highly significant. PMID- 7358768 TI - Crude and age-specific incidence of cancer of the stomach, colon, breast, and lung ascertained by autopsy frequency in the Heidelberg area from 1900 to 1975. AB - Time independence of the selection of autopsy material of the Institute of Pathology of the University of Heidelberg can be assumed as all factors depending on this selection show a remarkable steadiness during the period covered: The mean age of death of patients on whom an autopsy was performed and was not performed is the same, the sex ratio remains unchanged, the number of persons who died in the Heidelberg area has decreased only slightly, and the percentage of dead patients with last residence in this area that were autopsied also remains unchanged. By documenting all pathoanatomic diseases without separating the cause of death, the crude and age-specific incidence of lung, colon, breast, and gastric cancer can be estimated from the beginning of this century up to the present time. The data given in this paper show a decrease of the risk of gastric cancer at younger ages, a quite steady risk of colon cancer, and a steeply increasing risk of lung and breast cancer. The epidemiologic meaning of these data is discussed briefly. PMID- 7358770 TI - An epithelial cell line (KNS-62) derived from a brain metastasis of bronchial squamous cell carcinoma. AB - A brain metastasis of bronchial squamous cell carcinoma in a patient was cultivated. The cells with epithelium-like characteristics were selected from the primary culture, and were subcultured to establish a cell line. The cultured cells were identified to be neoplastic by means of heterologous transplantation to nude mice, in which tumors developed and reproduced histologic characteristics as were seen in the primary tumor of the patient. PMID- 7358769 TI - Overadditive chemotherapeutic synergism of prospidine and inosine when given sequentially to the Sarcoma 180 implanted intramuscularly. AB - The chemotherapeutic effectiveness of prospidine monotherapy on the Sarcoma 180 implanted i.m. was compared with several prospidine/inosine combinations. The chemotherapeutic action of the combination was enhanced overadditively when inosine was given 6 h after prospidine. This particular combination caused not only a significant curative action and tumor inhibition as compared with prospidine monotherapy, but also decreased the toxic effects. PMID- 7358771 TI - Mammary tumorigenic effect of a new nitrosourea, 1,3-dibutyl-l-nitrosourea (B BNU), in female Donryu rats. AB - Four groups (groups 1-4) of female Donryu rats were given continuously 400, 200, 100, or 0 ppm solution of 1,3-dibutyl-l-nitrosourea (B-BNU) as their drinking water, and were studied for the development of tumors. The incidence of mammary tumors was 15/19 (79%), 20/24 (83%), 21/26 (81%), and 8/25 (32%) in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In addition, hematopoietic neoplasms, uterine tumors, and vaginal tumors developed in 13, 11, and six rats, respectively in 69 treated rats. Other tumors were infrequent. PMID- 7358772 TI - Early cutback in chemical energy production if the Crocker sarcoma (S180) undergoing haemorrhagic necrosis as a result of endotoxin administration. AB - Alterations in the tumor adenine nucleotide pattern (TANP) have been measured at various times in a solid murine tumor undergoing haemorrhagic necrosis in vivo as a consequence of endotoxin administration. The ATP level fell rapidly in the first few hours; the AMP content initially rose, but began to fall back at 4 h. Overall adenine nucleotide losses occurred promptly, with only 4% of the original amount remaining at 24 h. Levels of glucose, glucose 6-phosphate, pyruvate, and lactate were also measured, and, with the exception of lactate, were for the most part lower in tumors from endotoxin-treated animals. Only minor alterations in the adenine nucleotide pattern were seen after either 4 or 24 h in the livers of normal or tumor-bearing mice in response to endotoxon injection, even when the creatures were moribund. The changes reported in the tumor are believed to have arisen not as a result of capillary stasis, but from prompt and selective disturbances to mitochondrial function in the tumor which have been described previously (Jones, 1977b, 1979). PMID- 7358775 TI - Aneurysm of the external carotid artery. PMID- 7358774 TI - [Blood level and urinary excretion of activated cyclophosphamide and its deactivation products in man (author's transl)]. AB - Blood levels and urinary excretion of cyclophosphamide and its metabolites were determined in cancer patients receiving cyclophosphamide. Activated cyclophosphamide (4-hydroxycyclophosphamide aldophosphamide) was assayed by TLC after derivatisation to stable 4-(S-benzyl)-sulfido-cyclophosphamide. Twenty minutes after injection of 10(20) mg/kg cyclophosphamide mean peak levels of activated cyclophosphamide were found to be 1.4(2.6) nmol/ml. The rate constant for biotransformation (=activation) of cyclophosphamide in man (km = 0.132 h-1) was only 1/50 of the value found in the mouse whereas the elimination rate constant of activated cyclophosphamide (ke[M] approximately 6.78 h-1) was much higher equalling that of laboratory animals. 4-ketocyclophosphamide, carboxyphosphamide, and phosphoramidemustard reached their peak levels between 4 and 6 h after cyclophosphamide injection. Increasing quantities of cyclophosphamide metabolites were bound to plasma proteins reaching a constant level after 24 h lasted for several days. Fifty per cent of those metabolites were reversibly bound to plasma proteins. Within 24 h, the cumulative excretion of cyclophosphamide and its metabolites amounted to 50% of the dose applied. The main metabolites excreted were phosphoramide-mustard and carboxyphosphamide whereas only 2% consisted of activated cyclophosphamide. The significance of the different pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide in laboratory animals and man for the therapeutic index is discussed. PMID- 7358773 TI - Experimental investigations on a sequential combination chemotherapy protocol. AB - This paper deals with experimental investigations concerning the composition of a cytostatic three-drug-protocol in diploid Ehrlich-Ascites-Tumor (EAT) cells in vivo at a far advanced stage of the disease. Hydroxyurea (HU) and vincristine (VCR) were used in very low doses to induce a modification of the growth pattern of tumor cells alike partial synchronization. Adriamycin (ADM) was selected as cytocidal drug during DNA synthesis of the partially synchronized cells. It was found that the sequential combination of HU and VCR (first HU and 12 h thereafter VCR) caused the greatest alteration of growth pattern compared with other combination protocols. A further statistically significant increase of the degree of synchrony was observed after a second VCR administration -- 22 h after HU. By means of this protocol the EAT was subdivided into two proliferating subpopulations, a diploid and tetraploid one. The tetraploid population resulted from surviving cells being not able to perform dytokinesis correctly, so that polynuclear cells and cells with a large single nucleus containing tetraploid DNA values were created. With respect to therapy, the administation of ADM at the time of DNA synthesis of the partially synchronized cells resulted in a statistically significant prolongation of the mean survival time and in 30% of cures of the animals. The dosage of ADM was 2.6 mg/kg, i.e., a nonlethal dose (50% of the LD10). Other combinations, i.e., simultaneous or reversed sequential combinations, did not show any therapeutic improvement compared to single drug therapy of ADM. PMID- 7358776 TI - Symptomatic kinked internal carotid artery (report of a case with operative relief). AB - We feel that kinking of the internal carotid artery with resulting specific cerebrovascular neurologic symptoms is indication for operative treatment. This can be performed with minimal morbidity and mortality with excellent postoperative relief of signs and symptoms. PMID- 7358777 TI - Successful surgical correction in two patients with tricuspid atresia using autologous pericardial valve-bearing tube graft. AB - A modification of the Fontan procedure has been used successfully to correct tricuspid atresia in two children who had severe hypoplasia of pulmonary artery. In the first patient (who had functioning Gleen anastomosis) the hypoplastic left pulmonary artery was widened by an angioplasty, and then a Dacron external conduit containing an autologous pericardial valve (an autologous pericardial valve-bearing tube graft) was positioned to lead from the right atrial appendage to the left pulmonary artery. A large secondum type atrial septal defect was closed by a Dacron patch. In the 2nd patient, a Dacron external conduit without any valve was placed between the right appendage and the hypoplastic right ventricle and then the pulmonary outflow tract was widened by using an autologous pericardial valve patch, which was an extension of the external conduit. The ventricular and atrial septal defects were closed with patches. Both patients made a satisfactory recovery and doing well 4 months after the operation. This type of modification of the Fontan procedure may provide a more effective functional correction for patients with tricuspid atresia who are accompanied with severe pulmonary hypoplasia. PMID- 7358778 TI - Complications in patients with cloth-covered Starr-Edwards prostheses. AB - Ninety-six patients were followed for an average of 45 months after insertion of cloth-covered Starr-Edwards prostheses (SE 2300, 2310, 2320, 2400, 6300, 6320, 6400). Operative mortality was 1%, hospital mortality 5.2% and late mortality (45 months) 13.5%. We observed a high incidence of valve disfunction as evidenced by a removal rate of 23% after six years. Disfunction was most reliably detected by abnormal prosthetic sounds and/or murmurs of incompetence at the prostheses. Thromboembolism occurred in 14% of the patients over 6 years and increased hemolysis was found in 18.8% of patients. It is concluded that the low incidence of thromboembolism does probably not out-weight the high incidence of valve disfunction. PMID- 7358779 TI - Effect of balloon counterpulsation on myocardial ischemia as measured by intramyocardial carbon dioxide tension. AB - Ischemic injury of the heart following coronary artery occlusion is related to distribution of coronary blood flow and regional myocardial metabolic activity. Myocardial injury during regional ischemia has been studied by measuring tissue pCO2 with mass spectrometry, a parameter which reflects anaerobic cellular metabolism. Myocardial carbon dioxide tension has been used to evaluate the effect of unidirectional intra-aortic balloon pumping on ischemic injury resulting from acute coronary occlusion. In a group of ten dogs, balloon counterpulsation was begun immediately prior to left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. A significant metabolic sparing effect was observed in counterpulsed dogs as compared to a control group. A decrease of 33% in PCO2 response was evident as compared to control. These results that early application of unidirectional intra-aortic balloon pumping may delay ischemic injury by improving regional oxygen supply/demand ratio to an area of acute ischemia. PMID- 7358780 TI - Vascular trauma: late sequelae and treatment. AB - 58 patients presenting with late manifestations of vascular trauma underwent operative correction at an average of 37.2 months from the date of injury. False aneurysms alone were seen in 23 patients, arteriovenous fistulae in another 35, and both lesions concurrently in 6 patients. Excellent results were achieved in 54 patients, fair results in 4 patients, and only 3 patients required later reoperation despite the chronic nature of these lesions. PMID- 7358781 TI - Aneurysm of the inferior mesenteric artery. AB - Current diagnostic techniques make it possible to diagnose unsuspected aneurysms. Two unsuspected cases of aneurysms of the inferior mesenteric artery are reported. One was iatrogenic and represented a false aneurysm of the proximal end of the inferior mesenteric artery following resection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The second was an aneurysm of the proximal protion of the inferior mesenteric artery in a patient with occlusion of the celiac axis, superior mesenteric artery and left ileofemoral system. The authors believe this to be the first published aneurysm of the inferior mesenteric artery. PMID- 7358782 TI - Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (report on seven cases). AB - In connection with 7 cases of the popliteal artery entrapment syndrome observed, the Authors discuss certain anatomical, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the cases. PMID- 7358783 TI - Semi-closed thromboendarterectomy of the femoro-popliteal artery (results of 142 consecutive cases, 5 years after operation). AB - Semi-closed thromboendarterectomy with the aid of a ring stripper appears not yet to have been abandoned as a method of reconstruction in occlusions in the femoro popliteal tract. In a series of 142 operations, 5 years postoperatively, 44% of the stripped vascular tracts were still patent and 41% were occluded. Eighteen patients, in whom 20 operations had been performed, had died less than 5 years after the operation. The surgical mortality rate was 0%. There is no significant difference between the results of the operations performed because of Fontaine stages II and III. The incidence of recurrent occlusion was not demonstrably influenced by diabetes mellitus, or by continuation versus cessation of smoking after the operation. A review is presented of the results of semi-closed thromboendarterectomy, open-thromboendarterectomy and venous bypass as reported in the literature. PMID- 7358784 TI - Pulmonary hypertension in mitral valve surgery. AB - The operative and long-term results of 72 patients with moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension, operated upon from 1970 to 1972 for isolated mitral valve replacement with Hancock prosthesis were analyzed. A correlation exists between pulmonary hypertension and high mortality risk as well as good hemodynamic recovery of the survivors in the late follow-up, often unrelated with other function tests (pulmonary ventilation and perfusion). PMID- 7358785 TI - Pharmacologic and surgical procedures for prevention of the revascularization syndrome. AB - Combined pharmacologic and surgical criteria are evaluated for prevention of the metabolic changes which characterize the revascularization syndrome (r.s.). The procedures basically consist, prior to restore the arterial circulation, in a regional arterial wash-out using a solution which is pumped, either manually or by means of a peristaltic pump, in the vascular bed of the devscularized territory; the washing solution is then collected through a flebotomy conducted on the regional venous drainage and prevented from entering the blood stream. PMID- 7358786 TI - Surgical treatment of Buerger's disease. AB - Forty of 266 patients with Buerger's disease underwent 47 vascular reconstructions: bypass in 38, thromboendarterectomy in 7 and replacement in 2. Indications for arterial reconstruction were ulceration or gangrene in 60%, claudication in 33.3% and rest pain in 6.7%. In a follow-up from 6 months to 8 years and 7 months, the overall patency rate was 24% in bypass, 0% in thromboendarterectomy and 100% in replacement. One hundred nine of the 266 patients underwent sympathetic denervation: lumbar in 92 (bilateral in 19) and thoracic in 17. In the course of 11 years follow-up study, 23 cases required amputation of the extremity. A good initial result gradually gave way to recurrence unless the patients discontinued smoking. The most important factor which decides natural history of Buerger's disease is smoking. PMID- 7358787 TI - Corrected transposition of the great vessels associated with an obscured ventricular septal defect due to an abnormal systemic atrioventricular valve (report of a case and surgical considerations). AB - A case of corrected transposition associated with atrial septal defect, obscured ventricular septal defect, mild pulmonary valvar stenosis, severe systemic atrioventricular valve regurgitation and complete heart block is described. Closure of an atrial septal defect and a ventricular septal defect was carried out through a left atriotomy. Systemic atrioventricular valve replacement with a 27 mm. Hancock porcine valve was performed through the same approach. A permanent Demand rechargeable pulse generator unit with myocardial unipolar electrode lead was implanted. In the presence of complete heart block, a beating heart was not mandatory while repairing the ventricular septal defect. This enabled us to employ the hypothermic cardioplegic technique which greatly facilitated the surgical repair. Despite the multiplicity and magnitude of the anomalies, gratifying results were obtained. The surgical approach and technical precautions are discussed. PMID- 7358788 TI - The treatment of intractable myocardial failure after open-heart surgery by whole body hypothermia. AB - A case of intractable right ventricular failure following open heart surgery is presented which responded dramatically to moderate whole-body hypothermia. In addition to its depressant effect on heart rate, allowing improved ventricular filling when this is impaired by severe tachycardia, evidence is presented that hypothermia also has a direct positive may make hypothermia valuable in the management of severe heart failure. PMID- 7358789 TI - Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in association with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and carotid aneurysm. AB - A case is presented of a patient with multiple bilateral pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber Disease), and an intracranial carotid aneurysm. Over a twenty-five year period, the patient has survived several life-threatening complications, and has successfully undergone staged bilateral pulmonary lobectomies and clipping of the carotid aneurysm. Preoperative evaluation included cardiac catheterization studies both with and without temporary balloon occlusion of the pulmonary artery. The pathogenesis, clinical features, pathophysiologic changes, and treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas are discussed. PMID- 7358790 TI - Myelin-specific proteins and glycolipids in rat Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes in culture. AB - We have used antibodies to identify Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes and to study the expression of myelin-specific glycolipids and proteins in these cells isolated from perinatal rats. Our findings suggest that only Schwann cells which have been induced to myelinate make detectable amounts of galactocerebroside (GC), sulfatide, myelin basic protein (BP), or the major peripheral myelin glycoprotein (P0). When rat Schwann cells were cultured, they stopped making detectable amounts of these myelin molecules, even when the cells were associated with neurites in short-term explant cultures of dorsal root ganglion. In contrast, oligodendrocytes in dissociated cell cultures of neonatal optic nerve, corpus callosum, or cerebellum continued to make GC, sulfatide and BP for many weeks, even in the absence of neurons. These findings suggest that while rat Schwann cells require a continuing signal from appropriate axons to make detectable amounts of myelin-specific glycolipids and proteins, oligodendrocytes do not. Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes also displayed very different morphologies in vitro which appeared to reflect their known differences in myelinating properties in vivo. Since these characteristic morphologies are maintained when Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes were grown together in mixed cultures and in the absence of neurons, we concluded that they are intrinsic properties of these two different myelin-forming cells. PMID- 7358791 TI - Behavior of kinetochores during mitosis in the fungus Saprolegnia ferax. AB - In rapidly growing hyphae of Saprolegnia ferax, all nuclei contain arrays of kinetochore microtubules, which suggests that the nuclei are all in various phases of mitosis, with no apparent interphase. In prophase nuclei, kinetochore microtubules form a single, hemispherical array adjacent to the centrioles. This array separates into two similar arrays after centriole replication. The two arrays form by separation of the initial group of microtubules, with no kinetochore replication. During metaphase, between 6.5 and 85% of the kinetochores occur as amphitelic pairs, with a slight tendency for pairing to increase as the spindle elongates. 100% pairing has never been observed. The interkinetochore distance in these pairs is consistently similar to or approximately 0.17 microns. Throughout metaphase and early anaphase, there is extensive and increasing diversity in kinetochore microtubule length, so that a true metaphase plate has not been found. During metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, kinetochore numbers vary considerably, with a mean of similar to or approximately 30 per half spindle. A number of artefactual causes for this variability were examined and discarded. Thus, these results are accepted as real, suggesting either variable ploidy levels in the coenocytic hyphae or kinetochore replication during mitosis. PMID- 7358792 TI - Flagellar tip activation stimulated by membrane adhesions in Chlamydomonas gametes. AB - Membrane adhesions between the flagella of mating-type "plus" and "minus" gametes of Chlamydomonas reinhardi are shown to stimulate a rapid change in the ultrastructure of the flagellar tips, designated as flagellar tip activation (FTA). A dense substance, termed fibrous tip material (FTM), accumulates between the flagellar membrane and the nine single A microtubules of the tip. The A microtubules then elongate, growing into the distal region of the tip, increasing tip length by 30%. This study describes FTA kinetics during normal and mutant matings, presents experiments designed to probe its role in the mating reaction, and offers the following conclusions: (a) FTA is elicited by agents that cross link flagellar membrane components (including natural sexual agglutinins, antiflagellar antisera, and concanavalin A) but not by flagellar adherence to polylysine-coated films. (b) FTA is reversed by flagellar disadhesion. (c) Gametes can undergo repeated cycles of FTA during successive rounds of adhesion/disadhesion. (d) FTA, flagellar tipping, and sexual signaling are simultaneously blocked by colchicine and by vinblastine, suggesting that tubulinlike molecules, perhaps exposed at the membrane surface, are involved in all three responses. (e) FTA is not blocked by short exposure to chymotrypsin, by cytochalasins B and D, nor by concanavalin A, even though all block cell fusion; the response is therefore autonomous and experimentally dissociable from later stages in the mating reaction. (f) Under no experimental conditions is mating structure activation observed to occur unless FTA also occurs. This study concludes that FTA is a necessary event in the sexual signaling sequence, and presents a testable working model for its mechanism. PMID- 7358793 TI - Morphological and biochemical studies on the development of cholinergic properties in cultured sympathetic neurons. I. Correlative changes in choline acetyltransferase and synaptic vesicle cytochemistry. AB - Under certain culture conditions, neonatal rat superior cervical ganglion neurons display not only a number of expected adrenergic characteristics but, paradoxically, also certain cholinergic functions such as the development of hexamethonium-sensitive synaptic contacts and accumulation of choline acetyltransferase (ChAc). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the entire population of cultured neurons was aquiring cholinergic capabilities, or whether this phenomenon was restricted to a subpopulation. After 1--6 and 8 wk in culture, neurons were fixed in KMnO4 after incubation in norepinephrine and prepared for electron microscopy analysis of synaptic vesicle content to determine whether vesicles were dense cored or clear. ChAc, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and DOPA-decarboxylase (DDC) activities were assayed in sister cultures. In the period from 1 to 8 wk in culture, the average ChAc activity per neuron increased 1,100-fold, and the DDC and AChE activities increased 20- and 30-fold, respectively. After 1 wk in culture, 48 of 50 synaptic boutons contained predominantly dense-cored vesicles, but by 8 wk the synaptic vesicle population was predominantly of the clear type. At intermediate times, the vesicle population in many boutons was mixed. The morphology of the synaptic contacts on neuronal surfaces was that characteristic of autonomic systems, with no definite clustering of the vesicles adjacent to the area of contact. Increased vesicle size correlated with increasing age in culture and the presence of a dense core. Considering these data along with available physiological studies, we conclude that these cultures contain one population of neurons that is initially adrenergic. Over time, under conditions of this culture system, this population develops cholinergic mechanisms. That a neuron may, at a given time, express both cholinergic and adrenergic mechanisms is suggested by the approximately equal numbers of clear and dense-cored vesicles in the boutons found at the intermediate times. PMID- 7358794 TI - Morphological and biochemical studies on the development of cholinergic properties in cultured sympathetic neurons. II. Dependence on postnatal age. AB - Superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons taken from perinatal rats and dissociated in culture develop cholinergic properties. This report examines this "plasticity" of neurotransmitter function with regard to its dependence on the stage of neuronal development. Explants of SCG from rats ranging in age from 2 d to adult were cultured, and the number of neurons surviving after 6 wk in culture was evaluated. The activities of choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) and DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) were assayed for each age group over time in culture, and the cytochemistry of the synaptic vesicle population was studied after norepinephrine loading and KMnO4 fixation. The specific activity of ChAc in all explants fell during the first 3--4 d in culture (secondary to degeneration of presynaptic terminals), with an increase during the next 30 d in explants from all age groups except in those from the 22-d-old and adult rats. The highest activity found after 1 mo in culture was in explants from 2-d-old rats (62.5 mmol per kg dry wt per h); the lowest was in explants from adults (1.3 nmol per kg dry wt per h). After 1 mo in vitro, there were no significant differences in DDC activity among explants from animals of any age (similar to approximately 220 mmol per kg dry wt per h). Co-culture of the SCG explants with heart muscle increased even further the ChAc activity in explants from 2-d-old rats but not in explants from 16-d-old and 6.5-wk-old animals. The cytochemistry of the synaptic vesicle population in 1-mo-old cultures correlated well with the ChAc activity; when the ChAc activity was high, the proportion of synaptic vesicles with clear centers was 71--88%. In explants from adult animals, only 12% of the vesicles contained clear centers. From these data we conclude that the maturity of the SCG neuron influences the degree to which it is able to adjust its neurotransmitter mechanisms. That the axons of this neuron are interacting with target tissues during the time that neurotransmitter plasticity is retained suggests that interaction with the target may play a role in the determination of transmitter type. PMID- 7358795 TI - Synthesis of rat liver microsomal cytochrome b5 by free ribosomes. AB - Free and membrane-bound polyribosomes were separated from liver homogenates and characterized by electron microscopy. Using the wheat germ cell-free translation system, total translation products of poly A+RNA extracted from free polyribosomes (poly A+RNAf) showed some correlation to total liver cytosol proteins. In contrast, translation products of poly A+RNA from membrane-bound polyribosomes (poly A+RNAmb) showed some similarity to rat serum. Antibody to purified rat serum albumin immunoprecipitated from only the translation products of poly A+RNAmb a single polypeptide of mol wt 68,000. i.e., 3,000 greater than secreted serum albumin. In contrast, antibody to detergent-extracted cytochrome b5 immunoprecipitated from only the translation products of poly A+RNAf a single polypeptide of mol wt 17,500, identical to that of microsomal cytochrome b5. A consideration of the known properties of cytochrome b5 is consistent with an exclusive site of synthesis on free ribosomes. PMID- 7358796 TI - Biochemical studies of the excitable membrane of Paramecium tetraurelia. III. Proteins of cilia and ciliary membranes. AB - As a first step in the biochemical analysis of membrane excitation in wild-type Paramecium and its behavioral mutants we have defined the protein composition of the ciliary membrane of wild-type cells. The techniques for the isolation of cilia and ciliary membrane vesicles were refined. Membranes of high purity and integrity were obtained without the use of detergents. The fractions were characterized by electron microscopy, and the proteins of whole cilia, axonemes, and ciliary membrane vesicles were resolved by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing in one and two dimensions. Protein patterns and EM appearance of the fractions were highly reproducible. Over 200 polypeptides were present in isolated cilia, most of which were recovered in the axonemal fraction. Trichocysts, which were sometimes present as a minor contaminant in ciliary preparations, were composed of a very distinct set of over 30 polypeptides of mol wt 11,000--19,000. Membrane vesicles contained up to 70 polypeptides of mol wt 15,000--250,000. The major vesicle species were a high molecular weight protein (the "immobilization antigen") and a group of acidic proteins with mol wt similar to or approximately 40,000. These and several other membrane proteins were specifically decreased or totally absent in the axoneme fraction. Tubulin, the major axonemal species, occurred only in trace amounts in isolated vesicles; the same was true for Tetrahymena ciliary membranes prepared by the methods described in this paper. A protein of mol wt 31,000, pI 6.8, was virtually absent in vesicles prepared from cells in exponential growth phase, but became prominent early in stationary phase in good correlation with cellular mating reactivity. This detailed characterization will provide the basis for comparison of the ciliary proteins of wild-type and behavioral mutants and for analysis of topography and function of membrane proteins. It will also be useful in future studies of trichocysts and mating reactions. PMID- 7358797 TI - Studies of Schwann cell proliferation. II. Characterization of the stimulation and specificity of the response to a neurite membrane fraction. AB - When prepared by methods utilized in our laboratory, pure populations of Schwann cells in culture do not divide, but, after recombination with peripheral sensory neurons or their processes, proliferate rapidly (Wood and Bunge, 1975, Nature (Lond.) 256:661--664). In this paper, we demonstrate that a membrane fraction prepared from sensory ganglion neurites is also mitogenic for Schwann cells and increases the labeling index (assessed by autoradiography after incubation of cells with tritiated thymidine) from less than 0.2 to 10% for primary cells, and from 0.4 to 18--19% for replated cells. The increased responsiveness of replated cells may reflect their greater access to the neurite membranes which is a consequence of the elimination of multiple cell layers after replating and the removal of the basal lamina. This stimulation was specific; addition of membrane preparations from other cell types (3T3, C1300, etc.) was not mitogenic. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated apparent binding of neurite membranes to Schwann cells as well as significant phagocytosis of the membranes by the cells. The uptake of nonmitogenic membranes suggests that phagocytosis per se is not the stimulus of proliferation. PMID- 7358798 TI - Study of regeneration in the garfish olfactory nerve. AB - Previous studies of the olfactory nerve, mainly in higher vertebrates, have indicated that axonal injury causes total degeneration of the mature neurons, followed by replacement of new neuronal cells arising from undifferentiated mucosal cells. A similar regeneration process was confirmed in the garfish olfactory system. Regeneration of the nerve, crushed 1.5 cm from the cell bodies, is found to produce three distinct populations of regenerating fibers. The first traverses the crush site 1 wk postoperative and progresses along the nerve at a rate of 5.8 +/- 0.3 mm/d for the leading fibers of the group. The second group of fibers traverses the crush site after 2 wk postcrush and advances at a rate of 2.1 +/- 0.1 mm/d for the leading fibers. The rate of growth of this group of fibers remains constant for 60 d but subsequently falls to 1.6 +/- 0.2 for the leading population of fibers. The leading fibers in the third group of regenerating axons traverse the crush site after 4 wk and advance at a constant rate of 0.8 +/- 0.2 mm/d. The multiple populations of regenerating fibers with differing rates of growth are discussed in the context of precursor cell maturity at the time of nerve injury and possible conditioning effects of the lesion upon these cells. Electron microscopy indicates that the number of axons decreases extensively after crush. The first two phases of regenerating axons represent a total of between 6 and 10% of the original axonal population and are typically characterized by small fascicles of axons surrounded by Schwann cells and large amounts of collagenous material. The third phase of fibers represents between 50 and 70% of the original axonal population. PMID- 7358799 TI - Bovine colostrum supports the serum-free proliferation of epithelial cells but not of fibroblasts in long-term culture. AB - Medium lacking serum but supplemented with milk will support the growth of sparse cells in culture. Milk obtained within 8 h after the birth of a calf (day 1 colostrum) is the most effective in supporting proliferation. In mixed cultures of early-passage bovine embryonic kidney (BEK) or early-passage calf kidney (CK) cells, both epithelial cells and fibroblasts grow in Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with serum. However, only cells that appear to be epithelial-like grow in DMEM supplemented with colostrum. Sparse cultures of early-passage human and rat fibroblasts that grow readily in DMEM supplemented with serum do not grow in DMEM supplemented with colostrum. Canine kidney epithelial cells (MDCK), when plated sparsely, grow exponentially in DMEM supplemented with day 1 bovine colostrum. The generation time is 26 h, the same growth rate as in DMEM supplemented with calf serum. The MDCK cells can be subcultured and regrown to confluence repeatedly in colostrum-supplemented DMEM. Growth in DMEM supplemented with colostrum does not alter the morphological characteristics of the MDCK cells, which are polygonal, contain microvilli at the apical surface, and are connected by tight junctions and desmosomes. MDCK cells do not proliferate in DMEM supplemented with milk obtained 1 wk after the birth of a calf. PMID- 7358800 TI - A survey of depressive symptoms, syndrome and disorder in a child psychiatric population. PMID- 7358801 TI - Imipramine and methylphenidate in hyperactive children. PMID- 7358802 TI - Qestionnaires for measurement of temperament in one- and two-year-old children: development and standardization. PMID- 7358805 TI - Social interaction in withdrawn and aggressive maladjusted girls: a study of gaze. PMID- 7358804 TI - Behaviour problems in pre-school children. PMID- 7358803 TI - Cognitive consequences of sociodramatic play and exploration training for economically disadvantaged preschoolers. PMID- 7358806 TI - Generalized reciprocal imitation in children. PMID- 7358807 TI - The development of sustained attention (vigilance) and inhibition in children: some normative data. PMID- 7358808 TI - Treatment of ritualistic behaviour in an eight-year-old girl by response prevention: a case reort. PMID- 7358809 TI - Sexual abuse of children. PMID- 7358810 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (methyl GAG) in plasma and urine. AB - A clinically useful analytical method is described for monitoring both plasma and urine levels of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) administered in the clinical management of certain neoplasms. The drug is initially separated from the biological matrix by retention on a small (2 cm) column packed with weak cation exchange resin. The analyte is subsequently eluted quantitatively from the column with hydrochloric acid, and then separated and quantitated by paired ion high performance liquid chromatography on an RP-18 column. The drug is detected to levels of 50 ng/ml of biological fluid by monitoring the column effluent spectrophotometrically at 280 nm. Absorbance was linearly related to drug concentration over the range 50 ng-50 microgram/ml of plasma or urine, and measurements could be made with a precision of +/- 4% over this range. PMID- 7358811 TI - [Preparative isolation of deoxyriboadenylic acids from hydrolysates of oxidized herring-sperm DNA using template-chromatography (author's transl)]. AB - The alkaline hydrolysis of oxidized DNA from herring sperm yields a complex mixture of deoxyriboadenylic acids. After the removal of the fragments containing 1-3 monomer units by column chromatography, approximately 10% of the partial hydrolysate remains. This remaining fraction which contains the fragments of higher molecular weight is separated into two fractions by the base-pairing mechanism on a PV(pT)n-DEAE-Cellulose column with a two-step temperature gradient. The first fraction eluted at -4 degrees, contains the substances (approximately equal to 95% of the sample) that undergo no base-pairing with the immobilised oligothymidylic acid units. The remaining 5% of the sample that hybridizes with PV(pT)n-DEAE-Cellulose at -4 degrees, is eluted at 30 degrees (fraction 2). After enzymatic dephosphorylation, homologues of deoxyriboadenylic acid containing up to 8 monomer units are isolated on a preparative scale in chromatographically pure form from fraction 2 using column chromatography. Purity and structure of the isolated adenylic acids are determined by paper chromatography and by enzymatic hydrolysis. PMID- 7358813 TI - Determination of clonidine in human plasma by glass capillary gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. AB - A gas chromatography assay for clonidine in human plasma has been developed. The buffered serum is extracted on silica columns, alkylated with pentafluorobenzyl bromide, cleaned up-by extractions and analysed by glass capillary gas chromatography with falling-glass-needle injection and electron-capture detection. A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of the derivatives formed and an investigation of the structure dependence of the electron-capture response are presented. PMID- 7358812 TI - Quantification of petroleum-type hydrocarbons in avian tissue. AB - Methods were developed for the analysis of 16 hydrocarbons in avian tissue. Mechanical extraction with pentane was followed by clean-up on Florisil and Silicar. Residues were determined by gas-liquid chromatography and gas-liquid, chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method was applied to the analysis of liver, kidney, fat, and brain tissue of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) fed a mixture of hydrocarbons. Measurable concentrations of all compounds analyzed were present in all tissues except brain. Highest concentrations were in fat. PMID- 7358814 TI - Quantitative analysis of hydralazine pyruvic acid hydrazone, the major plasma metabolite of hydralazine. AB - A specific, high-performance liquid chromatographic technique for the measurement of hydralazine pyruvic acid hydrazone is described. This method utilized reversed phase chromatography for the separation of this hydrophilic metabolite of hydralazine from other fluid constituents present in serum, plasma, or urine of human volunteers and rabbits receiving hydralazine. Detection of the compound of interest is accomplished spectrophotometrically at 250 nm. PMID- 7358815 TI - Hydrophobic chromatography and bioanalysis of some polar pyridine derivatives used as antilipolytic agents. AB - The antilipolytic compound 5-fluoro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid and 5-fluoro-3 hydroxymethylpyridine have been determined quantitatively in plasma (Srel = 5-7% in the concentration range 1-20 microgram/ml) by liquid chromatography on LiChrosorb RP-8 (5 micrometer) with phosphate buffer pH 3-4 as mobile phase, after precipitation of proteins and direct injection of the supernatant. Detection limits were 0.1-0.2 microgram/ml. The chromatographic retention is explained by adsorption of the uncharged compounds on to the support complemented by ion-pair adsorption with buffer components at extreme pH values. PMID- 7358817 TI - Determination of hydralazine and its acetylated metabolites in urine by gas chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7358816 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of cancer chemotherapeutic agents: bis(substituted aminoalkylamino)anthraquinones. PMID- 7358819 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of amrinone and its N-acetyl derivative in plasma. Pharmacokinetics of amrinone in the dog. PMID- 7358818 TI - Purification of ovomucoid by hydroxyapatite chromatography. PMID- 7358820 TI - Peptide separations on substituted polystyrene resins. Effect of cross-linkage. AB - The effect of copolymer cross-linkage on the resolution of soluble tryptic peptides of human globin (alpha- and beta-chains) separated in columns containing substituted polystyrene resin classified to 11 +/- 1 micrometer has been examined. With both the cation and anion exchange resins, polymers of lower cross linkage provided better resolution; inferior resolution was obtained with 12% cross-linked resins. It was also observed that microparticle anion-exchange resins could be used in columns maintained at 55 degrees instead of 35 degrees as used traditionally. Resolution and yield with 20 x 1 cm resin beds were generally as good as or superior to much longer columns of crushed bead resin of the same chemical structure. PMID- 7358821 TI - Isocratic multi-column high-performance liquid chromatography as a technique for qualitative analysis and its application to the characterisation of basic drugs using an aqueous methanol solvent. AB - A variety of high-performance liquid chromatography packing materials were prepared and their chromatographic properties compared for separating several basic drugs using a single solvent system. The three most promising packing materials (silica, a mercapto propyl modified silica and a n-propyl sulphonic acid modification) were subsequently used to provide retention volume data for a large number of drugs. PMID- 7358823 TI - Time-of-measurement effects in longitudinal studies. PMID- 7358822 TI - Comparison of clinic and home blood pressure levels in essential hypertension and variables associated with clinic-home differences. PMID- 7358824 TI - Validation of admission criteria to a stroke unit. PMID- 7358825 TI - Smoking and lung cancer. Tests of a causal hypothesis. PMID- 7358826 TI - Traumatic limb amputations and subsequent mortality from cardiovascular disease and other causes. PMID- 7358827 TI - Unexplained high transcortin levels in patients with various hematological disorders and in the relatives: a connection between these high transcortin levels and HLA antigen B12. AB - Forty-one our of 141 patients with various hematological disorders had serum transcortin values more than 2 sDs above the normal mean (relative risk vs. controls, 10.78). Their relatives also had a higher incidence of unusually high transcortin values. The serum levels of steroid-binding beta-globulin were normal in these patients as well as in their relatives, making an increase in estrogenic impregnation as the cause of the high transcortin levels most improbable. Other known causes of increased transcortin levels could also be excluded. Such unusually high transcortin levels are 4.74 times more frequent in subjects carrying an HLA antigen B12 than in a control group [P (corrected) less than 0.006]. However, the HLA antigen B12 and hematological disorders were independently associated with high transcortin levels. PMID- 7358828 TI - Evidence for an increased opioid inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion in hyperprolactinemic patients with pituitary microadenoma. AB - The inhibiting role of endogenous opioid peptides on gonadotropin secretion was evaluated by the infusion of an opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (1.6 mg/h for 4 h), in 10 hyperprolactinemic patients with pituitary microadenoma (prolactinoma) and 5 normal women during the early follicular phase of the cycle. In normal women, naloxone infusion induced no significant changes in any of the three pituitary hormones measured. Six prolactinoma patients with low normal levels of basal LH [10.0 +/- 1.0 mIU/ml +/- SE)] responded to naloxone infusion with an increment of circulating LH in the form of an amplified pulsatile pattern of release, which lasted for at least 2 h after the infusion. The other 4 patients with prepubertal levels of LH (4.9 +/- 0.8 mIU/ml) exhibited no LH response to naloxone. There were no significant changes in FSH or PRL levels in either group of patients. These findings suggest that an increased endogenous opioid inhibition of LH release occurs in patients with PRL-producing microadenoma. PMID- 7358829 TI - Origin of corticosteroids in amniotic fluid. PMID- 7358830 TI - Age-related changes of calcitonin secretion in females. AB - Calcitonin secretion was studied in 50 normal females from 20--69 yr of age, with 10 subjects in each decade. Hormone measurements were made by RIA during response to a 10-min infusion of calcium (as the chloride salt) at 3 mg/kg BW. There was a progressive decrease of the calcium-stimulated plasma calcitonin with age. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant (P less than 0.05) negative correlation (r = 0.29) between calcitonin response and age. Postmenopausal females had a significantly (P less than 0.01) smaller calcitonin response than premenopausal females. The time of maximum calcitonin response progressively shifted from 10 min in the younger subjects to 20 min in the older subjects. These studies demonstrated that calcitonin secretion decreases with age in females. This decrease may play some role in the pathogenesis of the progressive loss of bone mass which occurs with aging in females. PMID- 7358831 TI - Estimation of glucose turnover and 13C recycling in the human newborn by simultaneous [1-13C]glucose and [6,6-1H2]glucose tracers. AB - To compare two methods of estimating systemic glucose production rates and to quantify carbon tracer recycling, six newborn infants, aged 2 h to 3 days, were infused simultaneously with [1-13C]glucose and [6,6-2H2]glucose tracers. The older infants were studied 6 h after a meal. [1-13C]Glucose was infused at 6 microgram/kg.min. Systemic glucose production rates were calculated from tracer dilution, assuming steady state kinetics. Although 13C was expected to randomize away from the C-1 of glucose, recycling occurred and was estimated from the difference in the rate of systemic glucose production quantified by the dilution of the two tracers. Systemic glucose production rates ranged from 4.2--5.4 mg/kg.min. Recycling on the glucose C-1 was 3--20% of the systemic glucose production rate and did not change with the age of the infant. Because recycling of glucose carbon signifies gluconeogenesis from lactate or pyruvate, it is concluded that the human newborn is able to initiate gluconeogenesis soon after birth. PMID- 7358832 TI - Effect of an oral dose of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on its blood levels in patients with the nephrotic syndrome. AB - Patients with the nephrotic syndrome have low blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) due to urinary losses of the sterol. It is not known whether supplementation of this metabolite could raise its blood levels in these patients. The changes in the plasma levels of 25OHD3 and its kinetic behavior were studied after an oral dose of the sterol (200 microgram) in patients with the nephrotic syndrome in an effort to evaluate the usefulness of oral therapy to achieve and maintain normal blood levels of 25OHD3. Normal subjects served as controls. The results showed that intestinal absorption of 25OHD3 is significantly delayed and its elimination rate is significantly enhanced in patients with the nephrotic syndrome compared to control subjects. Despite these abnormalities, the plasma levels of 25OHD3 were within normal values even 48 h after the ingestion of the sterol. These data indicate that oral therapy with 25OHD3 given in proper doses is adequate to maintain normal blood levels of the sterol in patients with the nephrotic syndrome. Therefore, a therapeutic approach could be designed to manage the target organ disease due to 25OHD3 deficiency seen in these patients. PMID- 7358833 TI - Effects of diet on apoprotein E levels and on the apoprotein E subspecies in human plasma lipoproteins. PMID- 7358834 TI - Unoccupied nuclear receptors for estrogen in human endometrial tissue. PMID- 7358835 TI - Evidence for endogenous opioid control of vasopressin release in man. AB - The role of endogenous opioids in the control of vasopressin secretion was studied using the pure opiate antagonist naloxone. Naloxone both reduced resting levels of vasopressin and inhibited the rise in vasopressin induced by an orthostatic stimulus. These results suggest that endogenous opioids are important as a tonic stimulus to vasopressin release in man. PMID- 7358836 TI - Rabies virus inactivation by binary ethylenimine: new method for inactivated vaccine production. AB - The inactivation dynamics of rabies virus (PV strain) by binary ethylenimine, and the immunogenic properites and the stability of the vaccines prepared using this agent, were studied. Binary ethylenimine at a final concentration of 0.01 M was prepared wtih 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide in alkaline solutions, either separately from or in suspensions of rabies virus propagated in BHK cells. The infectivity of virus suspensions containing more than 108 plaque-forming units per 0.1 ml was inactivated in 2 h when the inactivating agent was prepared before its addition to the suspensions, and in3 h when prepared directly in the suspensions. Liquid vaccines prepared in this manner and stored at different temperatures maintained potency for 1 month at 37 degrees C and for 6 months at 4 degrees C and 22 to 25 degrees C. Lyophilized vaccine maintained its potency for 6 months at the three temperatures. The inactivated vaccine mixed with aluminum or oil adjuvant at high dilutions protected guinea pigs against challenge. This safer procedure for rabies virus inactivation offers promise for the production of effective vaccines for the immunization of dogs and cattle. PMID- 7358837 TI - Detection of Pneumococcal Capsular polysaccharide antigens by latex agglutination, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, and radioimmunoassay in middle ear exudates in acute otitis media. AB - The presence of pneumococcal antigen in middle ear exudates during acute otitis media was studied by latex agglutination and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. The positive antigen findings were confirmed by radioimmunoassay. Latex agglutination gave a positive result in 63% and counterimmunoelectrophoresis in 76% of samples that grew Streptococcus pneumoniae. The methods were complementary; the antigen was detected by one or both of the methods in 88% of these samples. Pneumococcal antigen was further detected in 15% of samples that grew other otitis pathogens and in 33% of samples in which no pathogenic bacteria were recovered by culture. The distribution of pneumococcal serotypes found by immunochemical methods only corresponded to that found by culture. PMID- 7358839 TI - Comparison of the hemagglutination inhibition procedure and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of specific antibodies to pneumonia virus of mice in experimentally infected laboratory rats. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test were used to evaluate the response of laboratory rats to experimental infection with pneumonia virus of mice. The ELISA procedure was more sensitive than the HI test and detected very low levels of antibodies early in the course of infection. At 5 days postinfection, ELISA detected antibody increases in five of five animals, whereas only two of five increases were detected by the HI test. At 9 days postinfection, the HI test failed to detect one titer increase measured by ELISA. Later during the course of infection, increases were detected by both tests. The ELISA procedure was, in general, more sensitive for detecting low levels of antibody than was the HI test, but was equal in sensitivity when high titers of antibody were measured. PMID- 7358838 TI - Clinical and laboratory characteristics of Achromobacter xylosoxidans infection. AB - Achromobacter xylosoxidans was isolated from six patients. The organism causes opportunistic infections in patients who are compromised. A. xylosoxidans is a catalase- and oxidase-positive, motile, gram-negative rod that oxidizes xylose and glucose. The organism exists in a water environment and may be confused with Pseudomonas species. Unlike pseudomonas, achromobacter has peritrichous flagella. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of A. xylosoxidans are presented. PMID- 7358840 TI - Nosocomial multiply resistant Providencia stuartii: a long-term outbreak with multiple biotypes and serotypes at one hospital. AB - A long-term outbreak of urinary tract-associated multiply resistant Providencia stuartii occurred in a large medical facility that included a 513-bed chronic care unit. The unique characteristics of this outbreak were that from within a single medical facility, P. stuartii with multiple serotypes, biotypes, and antibiograms could be identified. The organisms isolated had five different biotypes, seven different antibiograms, and two major serotypes. All of the organisms were susceptible to amikacin, cefamandole, and cefoxitin. Application of standard infection control measures impeded the spread of this outbreak, and it slowly terminated 16 months later. PMID- 7358841 TI - In vitro defects of phagocyte chemotaxis during pregnancy. AB - Pregnant women have an increased risk for some infections, particularly during the last trimester. Phagocytic emigration from the circulation into tissues is an important aspect of the initial immune response. Therefore, circulating phagocytes of 42 pregnant and 15 postpartum patients were studied in vitro for random and chemotactic (or directional) migration through membrane filters (Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass.). Random migration of phagocytes from all 42 pregnant patients studied in each trimester was within normal limits. Chemotactic migration of 25 patients who were between 6 and 33 weeks of pregnancy was also similar to values obtained with control leukocytes (20 nonpregnant, normal females. However, phagocytes of 17 other women studied between week 34 of pregnancy and term showed marked depressions in chemotaxis (P less than 0.001 from control values). During labor and within 3 days of delivery, chemotactic migration increased to supranormal levels in 14 of 15 women studied. Sera from six pregnant patients with proven chemotactic defects did not reduce migration when incubated with normal phagocytes. These chemotactic defects appear to be intrinsic and may be important in predisposing to infections during late pregnancy. PMID- 7358842 TI - Anaerobic botryomycosis. AB - Botryomycosis ofthe liver developed in a patient receiving corticosteroid therapy. The botyromycosis was caused by Propionibacterium acnes, which grew only anaerobically. The patient was successfully treated medically and at followup is asymptomatic. PMID- 7358843 TI - Mycobacteria with a growth requirement for ferric ammonium citrate, identified as Mycobacterium haemophilum. AB - Three previously unidentified strains of pathogenic mycobacteria which had been isolated on media containing ferric ammonium citrate were found to be identical with the new species, Mycobacterium haemophilum. PMID- 7358844 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides. AB - The development of an assay to measure the human immune response to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides is described. PMID- 7358845 TI - Comparison of the microagglutination test with bactericidal response to Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires disease bacterium). AB - This investigation found that individuals with microagglutination antibody titers of 1:32 or greater to Legionella pneumophila produced bactericidal activity against the bacterium. Those individuals with microagglutination antibody titers of 1:16 or less demonstrated no bactericidal activity. PMID- 7358846 TI - Motility and adhesiveness in human neutrophils. Redistribution of chemotactic factor-induced adhesion sites. AB - Human peripheral blood neutrophils obtained from healthy adults were examined in vitro. We assessed the effects of sequential stepwise increases in the concentration of the chemotactic dipeptide N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-phenylalanine (f-Met-Phe) on neutrophil attachment to serum-coated glass, detachment from serum coated glass and the distribution on the cell surface of binding sites for albumin-coated latex beads. The initial exposure to f-Met-Phe resulted in increased adhesiveness and binding of latex beads in a random pattern over the cell surface. The second exposure to f-Met-Phe resulted in decreased adherence, detachment of neutrophils from serum-coated glass, and movement of binding sites for latex beads to the uropod. Enhanced adhesiveness and redistribution of binding sites were blocked by 0.1 mM N-alpha-p-tosyl-l-lysine chloromethyl ketone, a concentration that did not reduce the change in cellular shape caused by f-Met-Phe. Cytochalasin B (5 mug/ml) blocked the redistribution of binding sites as well as the change in shape. The third exposure to f-Met-Phe was given along with the latex beads. The stimulus was stopped after 2 min by fixing cells in suspension with glutaraldehyde. If the third exposure was at a concentration higher than the second, the beads were bound in the region of the lamellipodia in 70% of the cells. If lower, binding to the lamellipodia was found in a significantly smaller proportion of cells (13%). The results support the concept that neutrophils develop a polarized distribution of f-Met-Phe-induced adhesion sites in response to increasing concentrations of f-Met-Phe, and these sites flow from the region of the lamellipodia to the uropod. PMID- 7358847 TI - Determinants of chronic carbon dioxide retention and its correction in humans. AB - 17 patients with chronic ventilatory failure (including 14 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) were studied to determine the causes of carbon dioxide retention and the chronic effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on ventilatory drive and acid-base status. Carbon dioxide retention in patients with high mechanical loads occurred concomitantly with a higher than normal inspiratory effort (mouth occlusion pressure) and normal minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production ratio (Ve/Vco(2)); but with shortened inspiratory time (1.3+/-0.1 vs. 1.8+/-3 s), increased breathing frequency (17+/-1 vs. 14+/-1 breaths/min), low tidal volume (0.57+/-0.03 vs. 0.88+/-0.04 L), and high dead space to tidal volume ratio (0.63+/-0.02 vs. 0.39+/-0.07). Using a randomized application of treatment and placebo conditions, it was shown that 4 wk of medroxyprogesterone acetate caused significant reductions in Paco(2) (from 51+/-1 to 42+/-1 mm Hg) in 10 of 17 patients. This "correction" of Paco(2) in these patients was associated with increases in mouth occlusion pressure (14%), tidal volume (11%), and alveolar ventilation (15%) compared to placebo, although inspiratory time remained shortened. Arterial and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pH was alkaline compared to placebo in patients who "corrected" Paco(2). No change was noted in lung mechanics or core temperature. Common prerequisites for correction of Paco(2) with medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment were the ability to significantly lower Paco(2) upon acute voluntary hyperventilation and to increase tidal volume rather than breathing frequency in response to the drug. We attribute chronic CO(2) retention in these patients to alterations in respiratory cycle timing and to a neuromuscular inspiratory effort which is adequate for the level of tissue CO(2) production, but inadequate in the presence of mechanical and ventilation-perfusion abnormalities to normalize arterial blood gases. PMID- 7358848 TI - Calcitonin secretion in congenital nongoitrous cretinism. AB - Plasma calcitonin (CT) was measured in the basal state and/or during provocative tests of hormone secretion in 11 children with congenital non-goitrous cretinism (CNC), in 1 girl with a lingual thyroid, and in 11 normal children. Basal and stimulated CT concentrations were significantly lower in the patients with CNC than in the normal subjects. Mean basal CT (+/- SE) was 41 +/- 4 pg/ml in the normal children, 24 +/- 3 pg/ml in the children with CNC, and 20 +/- 2 pg/ml in the patient with the lingual thyroid. The mean incremental CT responses to calcium infusion were 7.0 +/- 2 pg/ml in the children with CNC, 6.0 pg/ml in the patient with the lingual thyroid, and 146 +/- 47 pg/ml in the normal children. The children with CNC also demonstrated a significant delay in the return of the total serum calcium to basal level after the calcium infusion. The mean incremental CT response after infusion of pentagastrin was 7.6 +/- 2 pg/ml in the children with CNC, 10.0 pg/ml in the child with the lingual thyroid, and 34.4 +/- 11 pg/ml in the normal children. These data indicate that CT deficiency is present in children with CNC and suggest that the deficiency is a consequence of the defective embryologic development of the thyroid gland. PMID- 7358849 TI - Nonenzymatic glycosylation of erythrocyte membrane proteins. Relevance to diabetes. AB - Nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins of the erythrocyte membrane was determined by incubating erythrocyte ghosts with [3H]borohydride. The incorporation of tritium into protein provides a reliable assay of ketoamine linkages. The membrane proteins from 18 patients with diabetes incorporated twice as much radioactivity as membrane proteins from normal erythrocytes. After acid hydrolysis, amino acid analysis showed that the majority of radioactivity was localized to glucosyllysine. Autoradiograms showed that all of the major proteins of the erythrocyte membrane, separated by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, contained ketoamine linkages. No protein bands in either normal or diabetic erythrocytes showed significant preferential labeling. Erythrocyte membranes from three patients with hemolytic anemia showed reduced incorporation of tritium from [3H]-borohydride, indicating decreased nonenzymatic glycosylation. Two patients with diabetes and hemolytic anemia had incorporation of radioactivity similar to that of normal individuals. In these groups of patients the incorporation of tritium into erythrocyte membrane proteins correlated with levels of hemoglobin AIc. Thus the modification of membrane proteins like that of hemoglobin depends on blood glucose levels as well as erythrocyte age. These studies show that the enhanced nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins in diabetics extends beyond hemoglobin to the proteins of the erythrocyte membrane and probably affects other proteins that have slow turnover and are exposed to high concentrations of glucose. PMID- 7358850 TI - Cholesterol reduces the effects of dihydroxy bile acids and fatty acids on water and solute transport in the human jejunum. AB - Jejunal perfusion studies were performed in 16 healthy volunteers to test the hypothesis that intraluminal cholesterol can mitigate the fluid secretion induced by dihydroxy bile acids and fatty acids. Fluid secretion in the presence of 5 mM taurodeoxycholate was somewhat reduced by 4 mM mono-olein which was used for the solubilization of cholesterol. Addition of 0.8 mM cholesterol reduced fluid secretion further (P less than 0.05). Fluid secretion induced by 4 mM oleic acid was changed to net absorption in a linear fashion with increasing cholesterol concentration in the perfusion solutions. 1 mM cholesterol reduced fluid secretion induced by 6 mM oleic acid (P less than 0.005), but had no effect on fluid secretion induced by 6 mM linolenic acid. Glucose absorption was generally affected in a similar manner as water transport. In vitro, 1 mM cholesterol reduced monomer activity of 6 mM oleic acid to 72.3 +/- 0.9% of control and that of linolenic acid to 81.1 +/- 1.7% of control. Although statistically significant (P less than 0.001), the difference in the effects of cholesterol on monomer activities of the two fatty acids was rather small and it is unlikely that changes in monomer concentration of fatty acids and bile acids account for the protective effect of cholesterol. The in vivo observations point to a new physiological role for biliary cholesterol: the modification of the response of the small intestine to the effects of dihydroxy bile acids and fatty acids. PMID- 7358851 TI - Origin of platelet-derived growth factor in megakaryocytes in guinea pigs. AB - Growth factor activity, as determined by the stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation into the DNA of quiescent 3T3 cells in culture, was found in lysates of guinea pig platelets and megakaryocytes. Quantitative dilution studies demonstrated that, of the cells present in the guinea pig bone marrow, only the megakaryocyte possessed quantitatively significant growth factor activity. The amount of activity present in one megakaryocyte was equivalent to that present in 1,000-5,000 platelets, a value approximately comparable to the number of platelets shed from a single megakaryocyte. It is suggested that guinea pig platelet-derived growth factor has its origin in the megakaryocyte. PMID- 7358852 TI - pH gradient-stimulated transport of urate and p-aminohippurate in dog renal microvillus membrane vesicles. AB - The transport mechanism of urate and p-aminohippurate (PAH) was evaluated in microvillus membrane vesicles isolated from the renal cortex of the mongrel dog. Imposition of a transmembrane pH gradient (pHo less than pH1) markedly accelerated the uptake of [14C]urate and [3H]PAH and caused the transient accumulation ("overshoot") of each anion above its final level of uptake. The transport of urate and PAH under both stimulated (pHo less than pHi) and basal (pHo = pHi) conditions was insensitive to valinomycin-induced K+ diffusion potentials. The pH gradient-stimulated uptake of 25 microM [14C]urate and 1.0 microM [3H]PAH was significantly inhibited by 1.2 mM PAH, urate, furosemide, salicylate, or probenecid. The effect of each inhibitor on [14C]urate transport was identical to the effect of the same inhibitor on [3H]PAH flux. We conclude that the transport of urate and PAH in dog renal microvillus membrane vesicles occurs via a pH gradient-stimulated electroneutral carrier-mediated process such as 1:1 H+-anion cotransport or OH-anion exchange. Such a transport mechanism may possibly play a role in effecting uphill urate reabsorption in the proximal tubule. Moreover, this study demonstrates that secondary active solute transport in epithelial membranes may be coupled to the electrochemical gradient of an ion other than Na+. PMID- 7358853 TI - Rapid thyroxine to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine conversion and nuclear 3,5,3' triiodothyronine binding in rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum. AB - Thyroxine (T(4)) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)) conversion was evaluated in vivo in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and anterior pituitary of male euthyroid Sprague-Dawley rats. Tracer quantities of (125)I-T(4) and (131)I-T(3) were injected into controls and iopanoic acid-pretreated rats 3 h before isolation of nuclei from these tissues. Specifically-bound nuclear (131)I-T(3), denoted T(3)(T(3)); (125)I-T(3), denoted T(3)(T(4)); and (125)I-T(4) were extracted and identified by chromatography. Plasma iodothyronines were similarly quantitated. In control rats, nuclear T(3)(T(3)) (percent dose per milligram DNA x 10(-4)) was 174+/-31 in cerebral cortex, 50+/-9 in cerebellum, and 932+/-158 in pituitary (all values, mean+/-SEM). Nuclear T(3)(T(4)) (percent dose per milligram DNA x 10(-4)) was 23.3+/-3.3 in cortex, 3.5+/-0.6 in cerebellum, and 39.4+/-6.9 in pituitary. Two-thirds of nuclear T(3)(T(4)) derived from local T(4) to T(3) conversion. Nuclear T(3)(T(4)) in all tissues was reduced to less than 15% of its control value by iopanoic acid treatment and all of the residual nuclear T(3)(T(4)) could be accounted for by plasma T(3)(T(4)). Nuclear T(3)(T(3)) binding was not inhibited by iopanoic acid. These results indicate there is rapid local T(4) to T(3) conversion in rat brain and nuclear binding of the T(3) produced. We have previously found that local T(3)(T(4)) production is the source of approximately 50% of the T(3) in rat anterior pituitary. The present observations that the ratio of locally derived nuclear T(3)(T(4)) to nuclear T(3)(T(3)) is much higher in cerebral cortex (0.1) and cerebellum (0.04) than in anterior pituitary (0.015) suggest that this locally produced T(3)(T(4)) is the predominant source of intracellular T(3) in these portions of rat brain. PMID- 7358855 TI - Recommendation for reference method for determination by centrifugation of packed cell volume of blood. International Committee for Standardization in Haematology Expert Panel on Blood Cell Sizing. PMID- 7358854 TI - Dietary modification of thyroxine deiodination in rat liver is not mediated by hepatic sulfhydryls. AB - The enzymatic deiodination of thyroxine (T(4)) is thiol dependent. Fasting (72 h) depresses hepatic T(4) deiodination and lowers the hepatic content of nonprotein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) and reduced glutathione (GSH). It has been proposed that the fasting effect may be mediated through these alterations in hepatic sulfhydryls. To test the importance of tissue (hepatic) thiol content in the modification of T(4) deiodination consequent to dietary manipulation, we examined the sequential deiodination of T(4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)) (5'-deiodination) and 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (reverse T(3), rT(3)) (5-deiodination) in liver homogenates without added thiol from groups of rats fed Purina lab chow (P) (a protein-rich diet), glucose alone (G), or glucose plus cysteine (G(c)) for 72 h or fasted (F) for the same period. The initial rate of each reaction was compared to the tissue concentrations of NP-SH and GSH. Dietary manipulation induced significant changes in hepatic deiodination of T(4) to T(3) and rT(3) and sulfhydryl content. There was a marked dissociation between the rate of each reaction and hepatic NP-SH and GSH levels. T(4) deiodination by the alternative pathways was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in G > P > F. In contrast both hepatic NP-SH and GSH concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in P > F > G. The lack of a relationship between these parameters was further emphasized on analysis of tissue from rats fed G(c). Despite the clearcut (P < 0.01) increase in hepatic NP-SH and GSH consequent to G(c) feeding, there was no alteration in iodothyronine deiodination compared to the group fed glucose alone. These data indicate that the effects of diet on T(4) monodeiodination in liver are not mediated by changes in the tissue level of sulfhydryl compounds but rather involve alterations in the concentrations of the deiodinases. PMID- 7358856 TI - Susceptibility to rubella in a pregnant population after the introduction of vaccination. AB - The results of testing for the presence of rubella antibody by haemagglutination inhibition in pregnant women are presented for a number of years, together with an analysis of results for the year 1977. Levels of immunity are correlated with age and British nationality. The influence of vaccine availability on numbers with antibody cannot be demonstrated nor can any evidence for the boosting of antibody levels by natural infection can be discerned. PMID- 7358859 TI - An assessment of the Mi-Mark endoemtrial sampling technique. AB - One hundred and twenty cytological smears and 106 histological specimens were obtained from 115 patients using a new technique of endometrial sampling. It proved an atraumatic procedure and was well accepted by the patients. Some problems were encountered in the preparation of satisfactory cytological specimens and in their interpretation. The method was not completely reliable for detecting endometrial pathology and is therefore considered unsuitable for monitoring patients on hormone replacement therapy. It was found to be useful as a gynaecological outpatient technique for sampling the endometrium when formal curettage was unsuccessful, in avoiding the necessity for a preoperative curettage to confirm suspected carcinoma, and in the investigation of infertility. PMID- 7358857 TI - Serological studies on 40 cases of mumps virus infection. AB - The results of serological study of 40 cases of mumps virus infection are presented. Mumps virus was isolated from 20 of the patients studied and antibodies to the V antigen, the S antigen, and the haemagglutination antigen were performed in all cases. Analysis of these results shows that estimation of all three types of antibody is necessary to confirm the diagnosis in the maximum number of instances and that the long-accepted view that a characteristic pattern of antibody response is typical of the acute illness (namely, anti-S appearing earlier and in greater titre than anti-V) is questionable. PMID- 7358860 TI - Long-term storage of blood in liquid nitrogen, and the response of the recovered red cells to haemagglutination by viruses. AB - Human and chicken blood were snap-frozen as droplets in liquid ntirogen. Storage in the vapour phase liquid nitrogen container for nine months followed by rapid thawing resulted in approximately 10% haemolysis of the red cells. The ability of the thawed red cells to haemagglutinate viruses was unimpaired by the manipulations. PMID- 7358858 TI - Sex-related differences in the haematological effects of excessive alcohol consumption. AB - Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was measured at presentation in 320 hospital patients with a history of excessive alcohol consumption. The MCV of the 94 women thought to be actively drinking more than 80 g/day of alcohol was 101.3 fl compared with 96.7 fl in their male counterparts. Alcohol consumption, age, smoking habits, prevalence of inadequate diet, or serum and red cell folate levels did not differ significantly between men and women. It is suggested that MCV is a better indicator of excessive alcohol consumption in women than in men, and that women are more susceptible to the haematological toxicity of alcohol. PMID- 7358861 TI - Haemangioleiomyomatous tumour of the lung. AB - A case of haemangioleiomyomatous tumour of the lung, occurring as a peripheral, solitary nodule in an asymptomatic 54-year-old man is presented. The tumour was well-demarcated and microscopically it was characterised by the presence of vascular spaces with endothelial, pericytic, and, predominantly, smooth muscle proliferation. Islands of cartilage and slit-like spaces lined by bronchial epithelium make this a hamartomatous lesion of a quite distinctive and unusual variety, which does not fit any of the well-recognised patterns of hamartomas previously described. The long-term prognosis after limited excision is considered to be favourable. PMID- 7358862 TI - Ionised calcium in pathological human bile. AB - An automated ion-selective electrode system has been used to measure ionised calcium in bile from patients undergoing cholecystectomy for gallstones. Ionised calcium ranged from 0.63 to 1.73 mmol/l for a range of total calcium concentrations of 1.35 to 10.93 mmol/l. The correlation coefficient for ionised calcium regressed on total calcium was highly significant (r = 0.97). The slope of the line was 0.126 and the intercept 0.443. PMID- 7358863 TI - Applications of a modified Cortipac procedure for the estimation of urinary free cortisol in various clinical situations. AB - A modification of the Cortipac procedure (Radiochemical Centre, Amersham) for the estimation of urinary free cortisol was found to be of value in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and in the differentiation of simple obesity from that due to Cushing's syndrome. The effect of renal failure and late pregnancy on the urinary free cortisol was also studied. The results were expressed both in terms of the urinary free cortisol and as a urinary free cortisol:creatinine ratio. PMID- 7358864 TI - Simple microphotometry. PMID- 7358865 TI - The measurement of pharmaceutical innovation. PMID- 7358866 TI - A comparison of alphaprodine and meperidine pharmacokinetics. AB - We have developed a gas-liquid chromatographic analysis for measuring plasma alphaprodine. The analysis is sufficiently sensitive for studying therapeutic dose pharmacokinetics in man. Single intravenous bolus injections of either alphaprodine or meperidine were given to volunteer subjects. Plasma concentration data were fitted to a biexpoential equation and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Consistent with alphaprodine's shorter clinical duration compared to meperidine, we found that plasma levels of alphaprodine decline at a more rapid rate. Plasma clearances for the two narcotics are nearly identical (1.04 l./kg/min for alphaprodine and 1.01 l./kg/min for meperidine). The apparent volume of distribution for alphaprodine is smaller than for meperidine (1.90 l./kg for alphaprodine and 3.37 l./kg for meperidine). PMID- 7358867 TI - The analgesic and hypothermic effects of nefopam, morphine, aspirin, diphenhydramine, and placebo. AB - One hundred and ninety-six hospitalized patients were randomly assigned to one of eight treatment groups consisting of oral or intramuscular analgesics and placebo. Patients were monitored for 6 hours for pain relief, vital signs, and side effects. No statistically significant differences in pain intensity or relief were seen for nefopam (Acupan), diphenhydramine (Benadryl), aspirin, or placebo despite a numerically higher score for nefopam. This is attributed to an unexpectantly high placebo response. Significant pain relief and reduction of pain intensity were seen with both parenteral nefopam and morphine. Side effect incidence, in general, paralleled analgesic efficacy and was higher in patients receiving parenteral drugs. An early hypothermic effect was noted with oral and parenteral nefopam, aspirin, and morphine. Lower temperatures persisted to a statistically significant degree only in nefopam-treated patients. PMID- 7358868 TI - Propranolol and hypoglycemia: the effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on glucose and alanine levels during fasting. PMID- 7358869 TI - The role of furosemide alone and in combination with digoxin in the relief of symptoms of congestive heart failure. AB - Clinical and cardiovascular responses to drug therapy with furosemide were compared with those to furosemide plus digoxin in 15 heart patients with sinus rhythm admitted to the hospital for the management of congestive heart failure. Except for two patients in the group treated with furosemide alone, who required the addition of intravenous furosemide for more complete relief of symptoms, the responses to the two therapeutic regimens were not significantly different. One patient in the digoxin-treated group developed atrial fibrillation with frequent ventricular premature beats and transient runs of bigeminal rhythm typical of digitalis toxicity, which disappeared as the dose of digoxin was lowered. Side effects were otherwise considered to be minor and similar in the two groups. The results support the view that the indications for digoxin as a positive inotropic agent in patients with congestive heart failure need to be reevaluated. PMID- 7358870 TI - Withdrawal syndrome after guanabenz. PMID- 7358871 TI - Effects of scheduling on the communicative assessment of aphasic patients. AB - This study determined the influence of morning and afternoon scheduling on the assessment of communicative skills of aphasic patients. Eight short-term (3 to 9 months post-onset) and eight long-term (12 or more months post-onset) aphasic subjects were administered 11 tests from the Porch Index of Communicative Ability (PICA) at specified times in the morning (A.M.) and afternoon (P.M.). Order of scheduling (A.M. first, P.M. second; P.M. first, A.M. second) was determined randomly but balanced between groups. Results indicated an absence of significant main effects for onset, scheduling, and test order; however, significant interactions between the scheduling and test-order factors were evidenced on the naming and auditory identification tests and on all overall measures. Analyses of these interactions revealed that patients scheduled first in the A.M. decreased their mean scores when assessed a second time in the P.M., whereas those scheduled first in the P.M., increased their scores when seen a second time in the A.M. Findings suggest that aphasic patients can be expected to do better on morning than afternoon assessments regardless of the order in which they are scheduled. Clinically, this indicates a need for consistency in the scheduling of periodic assessments for individual aphasic patients. PMID- 7358872 TI - Case report: the automatic message box as therapeutic aid. AB - The broad scope of this journal has always included an interest in prosthetic aids for the alleviation of communication disorders. Our recent focus on the field of biological psychiatry adds an intriguing new dimension to this interest. The following case report highlights the relative neglect of some of our most prosaic technology as a valid aspect of "prosthetics." PMID- 7358873 TI - Vocal register effects on vowel spectral noise and roughness: findings for adult males. AB - This study was the second in a series designed to investigate the effects of vocal register (vocal, fry, modal, and falsetto) on the perceived roughness and spectral noise level of isolated test vowels. The first study (reported previously) was concerned with such effects on the phonations of adult females; in this study the phonations of adult males were investigated. Each of 15 male subjects produced at a controlled intensity each of two test vowels (/u/ and /ae/) in each of three vocal registers. Eleven listeners subsequently rated the test samples for roughness on a 5-point equal-appearing intervals scale. The criterion measure of roughness for each sample was the median of listener ratings (MRR). Each sample was also analyzed to produce its 3-Hz bandwidth acoustic spectrum from which measures of vowel spectral noise were obtained. The criterion measure of spectral noise level (SNL) for each test sample was the mean of 25 measures taken in the frequency range from 100 to 2600 Hz. The major finding was that the MRR and SNL for productions of both test vowels diminished significantly across vocal registers; i.e., from fry, to modal, to falsetto. In general, the present findings for males appeared consistent with those we reported earlier for phonations by adult females. PMID- 7358874 TI - Oral language characteristics of adult cleft-palate speakers compared on the basis of cleft type and sex. AB - Several language measures were administered to 103 cleft-palate adults and analyses were carried out with the subjects classified according to type of cleft (cleft palate only, unilateral cleft lip and palate, bilateral cleft lip and palate) and sex. Between-group differences according to cleft type and sex indicate that patients with cleft lip and palate have better speech and language skills than the cleft-palate-only groups. The results of this study also suggest that females have more complete sentence structure than male cleft-lip and palate subjects. Appropriate habilitative measures should continue through later ages until the cleft-palate individuals gain acceptable levels of communication. PMID- 7358875 TI - The development of a picture speech reception threshold test in Spanish for use with urban U.S. residents of Hispanic background. AB - The need for an development of a test for measurement of Speech Reception Threshold (SRT) in Spanish are described. The test consists of 51 familiar bisyllabic words, some of which are cognates of English. The aim is development of a test, the vocabulary and procedure of which could be used with patients of diverse Hispanic backgrounds, and for which the administering audiologist need not be able to speak or understand Spanish. PMID- 7358876 TI - The effects of phonetic context on speech-sound discrimination. AB - This study was designed to examine the influence of contextual elements on speech sound discrimination performance. The test employed was comprised of ten stimulus words located within three sentence structures providing initial, medial, and final placement of stimuli within sentences. All sentence items were presented in two forms, naturally articulated and mechanically assembled, to 25 normal preschool children. Disruption of the suprasegmental feature of the assembled test was achieved by splicing isolated words into sentences previously recorded with silence in the stimulus word position. Statistical analysis indicated that error scores on the assembled sentence items were significantly greater. Disruption of suprasegmental features appeared to significantly influence the discrimination of target sounds within stimulus words when the words were in the medial and final positions of the sentences. PMID- 7358877 TI - Preschool language disorders and subsequent language and academic difficulties. AB - Sixty-three language-disordered children first evaluated in their preschool years were followed four to five years after initial diagnosis. At follow-up approximately 40% of these children continued to present speech and language problems and approximately 40% presented other learning problems. Preschool levels of language comprehension, formulation, semantics, syntax, phonology, and speech production were found to be moderately correlated to subsequent class placement in the elementary grades. Duration of preschool therapy was not related to either the severity of preschool language disorder or to any subsequent speech, language, or academic abilities. Duration of school therapy was related to severity of phonologic deficit as rated during the preschool years and to all follow-up ratings for speech, language, and academic abilities. PMID- 7358878 TI - Speech--language pathology services in a skilled nursing facility: a retrospective study. AB - The profession of speech--language pathology has become increasingly involved in provision of services in skilled nursing facilities and other institutions for rehabilitative and long-term care for the disabled and/or elderly adult. Information concerning the characteristics of this population and other related issues, however, is slight. Medical and speech pathology records from a large skilled nursing facility were examined and analyzed with respect to eight variables. Patients referred for speech--language evaluation over a 3-yr period comprised the sample. Results are discussed in terms of the implications of the major findings for professional training of the speech--language pathologist and the need to address the issue of role definition in institutions providing long term care. PMID- 7358879 TI - Bizarre cutaneous neurofibromas. AB - Bizarre cutaneous neurofibroma is an uncommon benign neoplasm. Microscopically, it is usually characterized by stellate and polyhedral cells embedded in a myxoid stroma, and less commonly by solid sheets of epithelioid cells. Cellular pleomorphism and mitotic figures are regular features and have resulted in erroneous diagnosis of malignancy. The mucinous material has the staining characteristics of a sulfated mucosubstance, probably chondroitin sulfate B. Terms previously applied to this lesion include nerve sheath myxoma. Pacinian neurofibroma, myxoid neurofibroma, and neurotheceoma. PMID- 7358880 TI - Matrical carcinoma of the skin. AB - Two elderly patients with unusual hair-follicle tumors of the face are reported. The lesions showed some histologic resemblance to pilomatrixomas but differed by the presence at the advancing edge of cytologically-atypical cells without the usual shadow cell transformation and maturation of pilomatrixomas. The term matrical carcinoma is proposed for these tumors. PMID- 7358881 TI - Bronchial carcinoid metastatic to skin. Light and electron microscopic findings. AB - This case report illustrates the value of ultrastructural examination of an undifferentiated carcinoma mestastatic to skin. In this patient, ultrastructural study of a cutaneous nodule demonstrated cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules characteristic of an amino precursor-uptake and decarboxylation cells (APUD) tumor and supported the diagnosis of metastatic bronchial carcinoid. Additional nine cases of bronchial carcinoids metastatic to skin are also briefly reviewed. PMID- 7358882 TI - Epidermotropism in melanoma. AB - Multiple malignant melanocytic lesions developed in a 54-year-old man 4 years after a primary malignant melanoma (Clark level IV) had been excised and 2 months after taking L-Dopa for Parkinsonism. Several of the recurrent lesions that showed junctional melanocytic components were considered primary melanomas and it was suggested that L-Dopa was responsible for malignant transformation of nevi and for rapid progression of the disease. The case was re-examined and on recent evidence it is likely that these lesions were epidermotropic metastases and that L-Dopa played no part in the progress of this unusual tumor. PMID- 7358883 TI - Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and disseminated histoplasmosis. PMID- 7358884 TI - Urbach-Wiethe disease. Light and electron microscopic study. AB - A case of lipoid proteinosis was subjected to clinical, histologic and electron microscopic study. Palpebral biopsies showed a large dermal infiltration composed of closely interwoven granulo-filamentous material in the superficial and deep dermis. Collagen fibers were normal. Fibroblasts seemed to play an active role in the synthesis of this accumulating substance. Around the dermal capillaries there was a prominent concentric multilamination of the basal lamina which was considered a reaction of the endothelial cells to the irritation caused by compression of the accumulating substance. PMID- 7358885 TI - Influence of a low chloride practical diet on acid-base balance and other factors of blood in young dairy calves. AB - Control (.5% chloride) or low-chloride (.038% chloride) practical diets and low chloride (.00038% chloride) well water were fed to male Holstein calves for 7 wk. Substantial alterations in characteristics of blood associated with acid-base balance developed in those fed the low-chloride diet. Along with reduced potassium in plasma, concentrations of chloride in synovial fluid, saliva, and plasma also were reduced. Solids in plasma, blood pH, packed cell volume, carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2) in blood, and bicarbonate were increased. Most of the changes in plasma occurred within 1 wk with little change thereafter, indicating an adaptation by the calves to the low-chloride diet. The adaptation by the low chloride calves was primarily due to a tremendous reduction in urinary chloride excretion. Change in blood factors was insufficient to cause severe alkalosis in calves. The low-chloride diet had no significant effect on sodium absorption, retention, or distribution in body fluids. Potassium in plasma and aqueous humor were reduced in calves fed the low-chloride diet, but potassium concentrations in other body fluid were not affected significantly. PMID- 7358886 TI - Relationship between early postpartum blood composition and reproductive performance in dairy cattle. AB - Blood samples were collected over 1 year from 115 postpartum Holstein cows to determine the relationship between blood composition and reproductive performance. Blood samples were collected from each cow at 14 to 21 days (sample 1) and 38 to 45 days (sample 2) postpartum. These samples were analyzed for packed cell volume, hemoglobin, total protein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, zinc, and selenium. Blood composition varied little with lactation number and season, and relationships were not consistent for the two collection periods. Hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total protein and zinc were associated negatively and calcium and magnesium associated positively with at least one measure of milk yield. None of the blood components examined at the two collection periods had a consistent relationship to reproductive performance. The most important relationship was the positive relationship of selenium concentration at first collection period with services per conception and days open. PMID- 7358887 TI - Design and analysis in nutritional and physiological experimentation. PMID- 7358888 TI - [Variability of the alkaloid spectrum in the early developmental stages of Glaucium flavum Crantz]. PMID- 7358889 TI - [Functional and morphological study of the sexual system of male white rats using the method of electroejaculation]. PMID- 7358890 TI - [Development of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-genital system in female rats]. PMID- 7358891 TI - [Carbon metabolic pathway study during yeast growth on 1-14C-undecane and 1-14C octadecane]. PMID- 7358892 TI - [Kidney sensitivity to aldosterone disturbance and the mechanism of its formation during a neurodystrophic process]. PMID- 7358893 TI - [Comparative study of the sedimentation rate of the fibroblast DNA of persons of varying ages and of the HeLa tumor cell line before and after their moderate heating]. PMID- 7358894 TI - [Adaptation to weightlessness and its physiological mechanisms (based on data from animal experiments on earth biosatellites)]. PMID- 7358895 TI - [Action of N-nitrosomethylurea on antitumor antibiotic-resistent substrains of Fisher L-5178 lymphadenosis]. PMID- 7358896 TI - The 99th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. Abstracts. PMID- 7358897 TI - Magnitude of the acoustic reflex for either homophasic (0 degrees) or antiphasic (180 degrees) binaural activating signals presented in a background of noise. AB - The threshold of the acoustic reflex (TAR) and the magnitude of middle-ear muscle response were measured for a homophasic (0 degrees) and an antiphasic (183 degrees) 550-Hz tone in a background of in-phase noise. Signal-to-noise ratio ranged from - 20 dB to 5 dB. Whereas previously reported data shows an effect of phase on the percept of loudness, no evidence of a phase effect was measured for acoustic-reflex responses. These results are interpreted as evidence against a relation between loudness and acoustic reflex for binaurally presented signals. PMID- 7358898 TI - Some effects of different maskers on psychophysical performance in discrimination and detection tasks. AB - Psychophysical performance was measured in a number of different tasks in order to compare performance under different masking conditions. With the noise masker set to provide a given amount of masking, frequency discrimination of a 4-kHz tone was shown to be worse in a lowpass noise than in a wideband noise. Discrimination of the intensity of the tone under these two masking conditions was comparable except at the lowest level of tone. Finally, the growth of detectability with level was measured in a detection task, with a greater slope being found in lowpass noise than in wideband noise. The results are discussed in light of the differences in physiological responses observed under similar masking conditions. PMID- 7358899 TI - Loudness enhancement and decrement in four paradigms. AB - When one tone burst (the conditioner) preceeds another (the target) by 100 ms, target loudness is enhanced if the conditioner is more intense and decreased if it is less intense. We show here that similar loudness enhancements and decrements occur when the conditioner follows the target. In all instances, monaural loudness enhancements (in which the conditioner and target are delivered to the same ear) are greater than the dichotic enhancements (in which the conditioner is presented contralaterally), but the decrements, which are smaller than the enhancements, are similar in magnitude. Loudness enhancements and decrements are similar to sequential loudness effects and central tendency effects; the major difference is the relatively very large increases in loudness obtainable in loudness enhancement experiments. We outline a mechanism to account for these loudness phenomena and suggest that this mechanism is responsible for similar perceptual effects that occur in other stimulus dimensions and modalities. PMID- 7358901 TI - Nonlinearities in the coding of intensity within the context of a temporal summation model. AB - A model of temporal summation and intensity coding relates the subject's internal percept y(t) to the stimulus input x(t) by the equation y(t) = g(St - oof[x(tau)] h [t, tau, x (tau)]d tau). In words, some transformation f[x (t)] of the stimulus intensity is weighted by a function h and integrated; the result is transformed into the internal percept by a function g. This system postulates a linear integral operator preceded and followed by transformations which may be nonlinear. Based on forward masking of clicks by white noise, we (1) show that the above characterization of the model is appropriate (which involves showing that there is a linear temporal summation stage), and (2) derive certain characteristics of the system's nonlinearities. In particular, the integral of h times f is shown to be a nonlinear function of the input intensity exhibiting more compression than a power function. It is also shown that h must depend upon the intensity of the stimulus. PMID- 7358900 TI - The coding of intensity and the interaction of forward and backward masking. AB - In general, the detectability of a signal preceded and followed by noise maskers is less than the prediction based on a simple addition of the effects of the maskers (i.e., an intensity sum). Data verifying and extending this finding were collected in a variety of conditions in which the two maskers either surrounded the signal in time or preceded it. These data are used to support two related claims. First, the failure of the intensity-sum argument is likely to be due to nonlinearities in the coding of intensity. Second, the signal threshold is a monotonic measure of the internal percept at essentially the same time relative to the signal for different masking conditions. This latter result negates the integrator-movement hypothesis (which holds that the time varies) and provides important support for the chain of derivations obtained by Penner and Shiffrin [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67, 617-627 (1980)]. PMID- 7358902 TI - Danger of auditory impairment from impulse noise: A comparative study of the CHABA damage-risk criteria and those of the Federal Republic of Germany. AB - On the basis of the impulse diagrams of various weapons and many audiometric tests, the CHABA impulse-noise damage-risk criteria (DRC) are compared with those of the Federal Republic of Germany. Both DRC indicate maximum permissible exposures in terms of peak-pressure level and of effective duration. Both DRC aim to protect 95% of the exposed population from permanent auditory damage. The computation of the effective duration differs between the CHABA DRC and the German DRC, and it generally results in a longer effective duration for CHABA. The current study is based on the results for more than 10 000 soldiers, who were audiometrically tested in a mobile monitoring station before firing practice and beginning 2 min after exposure until complete recovery. In a special study, it was possible to compare the results for 478 German soldiers and to evaluate the relative value of the CHABA DRC and the German DRC. This comparison showed that the CHABA DRC are too restrictive, permitting unnecessary "less maximum permissible load" than the German DRC. Moreover, owing to the large variability in TTS2, measurement of the whole recovery time beginning 2 min after exposure has a greater predictive value. Therefore, recovery time should be used in the evaluation of the DRC. PMID- 7358903 TI - Intensity perception. X. Effect of preceding stimulus on identification performance. AB - This article describes some results on the effect of the preceding stimulus on performance in an intensity-identification experiment with feedback. Based on previous research and our own subjective experiences as listeners, we had expected that sensitivity would increase when the intensities of the preceding and current stimuli were close together. The results of our experiments show, however, that this is not the case: sensitivity is indepenent of the preceding stimulus. The fact that the response variance tends to decrease when the intensities of the preceding and current stimuli are close together is found to be caused solely by sequential effects in response bias. These findings create an interesting puzzle concerning the mechanism by which feedback improves sensitivity in identification. Apparently, the most obvious hypothesis--namely, that the feedback enables the previous stimulus to be used as a standard for judging the current stimulus--is false. PMID- 7358904 TI - Low-frequency hearing loss: perception of filtered speech, psychophysical tuning curves, and masking. AB - Four subjects with low-frequency hearing loss were evaluated to determine whether their responses to low-frequency stimulation might be the result of stimulation of nerve fibers with higher characteristic frequencies. Two masking paradigms were employed to indirectly investigate the contribution of high-frequency nerve fibers to the detection of low-frequency stimuli: (1) masking of a low-level, fixed-frequency probe by a variable-frequency pure-tone masker (psychophysical tuning curve) and (2) masking of pure tones by a high-level, fixed-frequency pure tone masker. Low-frequency remote masking by tones and displacements in the tips of tuning curves to higher frequencies were interpreted as evidence that low frequency signals near threshold were being detected by high-frequency fibers in three of the subjects. Three subjects were also tested with high-pass, low-pass, and unfiltered speech both in quiet and in the presence of a high-pass noise masker. Results were interpreted as showing a relatively small contribution of high-frequency fibers to the perception of low-frequency speech. PMID- 7358905 TI - Auditory cortex and the pitch of complex tones. AB - Two cats were trained to discriminate between rising and falling pitch sequences generated by complex tones. The finding of Heffner and Whitfield [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 59, 915-919 (1976)], that the intact animals respond to the fundamental pitch rather than to the harmonic content, was confirmed. After bilateral ablation of auditory cortex this was no longer the case. The animals lost their initial training, but could be retrained to respond to the complex tone sequences; however, they now required to be separately trained to each complex tone and did not exhibit transfer between tone pairs that had similar pitch shift but different harmonic composition. The results suggest that cats without auditory cortex respond only to the individual frequencies of the complex and are unable to detect the overall pitch to which those complexes normally give rise. PMID- 7358906 TI - Perceptual invariance and onset spectra for stop consonants in different vowel environments. AB - A series of listening tests with brief synthetic consonant-vowel syllables was carried out to determine whether the initial part of a syllable can provide cues to place of articulation for voiced stop consonants independent of the remainder of the syllable. The data show that stimuli as short as 10-20 ms sampled from the onset of a consonant-vowel syllable, can be reliably identified for consonantal place of articulation, whether the second and higher formants contain moving or straight transitions and whether or not an initial burst is present. In most instances, these brief stimuli also contain sufficient information for vowel indentification. Stimulus continua in which formant transitions ranged from values appropriate to [b], [d], [g] in various vowel environments, and in which stimulus durations were 20 and 46 ms, yielded categorical labeling functions with a few exceptions. These results are consistent with a theory of speech perception in which consonant place of articulation is cued by invariant properties derived from the spectrum sampled in a 10-20 ms time window adjacent to consonantal onset or offset. PMID- 7358907 TI - Systematic errors in indirect estimates of basilar membrane travel times. AB - There exist in the literature three attempts to derive basilar membrane travel times from the phase versus frequency characteristics of responses to tones in the auditory nerve [Anderson et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 4., 1131-1139 (1971)], cochlear nucleus [Gibson et al., in Psychophysics and Physiology of Hearing, edited by Evans and Wilson (Academic, New York, 1977), pp. 57-68], and basilar membrane [Robles et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 59, 926-939 (1976)]. It is argued in this paper that these derivations probably have overestimated the actual mechanical travel times. Travel time was originally defined by von Bekesy as the latency between the onset of a click stimulus and the onset of basilar membrane vibration. For a linear bandpass system, the frequency-domain equivalent of this latency is the high-frequency asymptotoic slope of the phase lag versus frequency characteristic, which is not generally a linear function. In the neural studies (auditory nerve and cochlear nucleus) it was assumed that the phase versus frequency characteristic was a straight line. Slopes derived under a linear assumption are probably closer to the weighted average group delay (i.e., the center of gravity of the click response) than they are to travel time. In the Mossbauer study of basilar membrane mechanics the latency of the response to clicks was compared with the low-frequency slope of the phase characteristic. The comparison should have been made with the high-frequency slope. PMID- 7358908 TI - Detection of signals with identical energy spectra but different waveforms under conditions of signal uncertainty. AB - Previous research has shown that a signal which may be one of two pure tones will be less detectable than a signal that is of constant, known frequency. In the present study, the effect of waveform uncertainty was evaluated by using pulse train signals with identical power spectra but different phase spectra. Results for a group of 11 listeners suggest that when differences in the energy spectra of signals are eliminated, signal uncertainty has, at best, a small effect on detection performance. PMID- 7358909 TI - A study of perception of sentence intonation--evidence from Danish. AB - Ten subjects identified 15 Danish utterances by a human speaker, differing only in their fundamental frequency (F0) course, as being either declarative, nonfinal, or interrogative (forced choice). Responses are closely correlated with F0: the most steeply falling intonation contours are identified as being declarative, the least falling ones as being interrogative, and contours in the middle of the continuum as being nonfinal. Several mutually interdependent parameters in the F0 course may account for the results, the two most powerful one, however, being the levels of the last stressed and the succeeding unstressed syllable, respectively, in the utterance. In a subsequent experiment, seven subjects identified the same utterances as being either declarative or nondeclarative. The majority of the (formerly) nonfinal sentences were now labeled nondeclarative, rather than being equally distributed among the declarative and nondeclarative categories. When a subset of the same utterances were multilated, identification deteriorated almost progressively with the number of syllables being cut away from the end of the utterance, but only slightly so until nothing but the first stress group remained; whereas, syllables cut away from the beginning hardly affected identification at all. PMID- 7358910 TI - Identification of synthetic /bdg/ by hearing-impaired listeners under monotic and dichotic formant presentation. AB - Individuals with sensorineural hearing losses of both flat and sloping configuration evidence difficulty in identifying stop consonant place of articulation. To assess whether upward spread of masking is responsible for this difficulty, we presented hearing-impaired listeners with stimuli from a /ba da ga/ continuum in both monotic and dichotic (F1 to one ear; F2/F3 to the other ear) listening conditions. In the monotic conditions, listeners with similar audiograms evidence great variability in identification performance. In the dichotic conditions performance did not generally improve. For a few listeners, however, the improvement was striking. At moderate levels of signal presentation, upward spread of masking does not appear to be responsible for the poor identification of place by the majority of listeners with moderate hearing losses. PMID- 7358912 TI - A model of lateral line microphonic response to high-level stimuli. AB - The electrical potential recorded from the lateral line canal organs of fish in response to a sinusoidal vibratory stimulus consists of a microphonic component with frequency twice that of the stimulus plus a dc shift. This paper describes the behavior of both components as functions of stimulus frequency (from 100 to 400 Hz) and amplitude. The microphonic decreases with frequency, while the dc shift increases, and the two components have different input-output functions. An analytical model of hair cell electrical properties with an asymmetric saturating nonlinear conductance is presented that describes the behavior of both the microphonic and the dc shift. PMID- 7358913 TI - Reflections on reflections. AB - Most cochlea models consider the system as a pair of channels separated by a flexible membrane (basilar membrane). In the part of the wave where the stiffness of the membrane dominates, traveling waves are set up. Because of varying propagation conditions the speed of propagation diminishes most rapidly when the wave approaches the region where the basilar membrane shows resonance for the frequency under consideration. It might be expected that such a rapid change of propagation velocity gives rise to reflection. In this paper a one-dimensional model is considered in such a way that resonance properties stand out clearly. The results show that even when extremely little damping occurs (damping factor less than 10(-3)) virtually no reflection is evident. under conditions of low damping the nature of the response is such that it is incompatible with inner hair cell or nerve fiber responses from the cochlea: some kind of "sharpening mechanism" should be present. Limitations of the model considered should be studied further to verify the conclusions in more general cases. Despite these limitations the present model serves to illustrate typical physical phenomena, like reflection and energy dissipation, quite well. PMID- 7358911 TI - Preservation of vocal tract length in speech. A negative finding. AB - A primary determinant of vowel quality is vocal tract shape; one aspect of which is vocal tract length. It has been suggested [Perkell, Physiology of Speech Production (MIT, Cambridge, 1969); Riordan, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 62, 998-1002 (1977)] that vocal tract length is controlled directly, and that one mechanism for its regulation is a coordination between labial and laryngeal gestures. Riordan (1977) observed compensatory changes in the vertical position of the larynx when the characteristic lip protrusion of a rounded vowel was impeded. Although subjects in this study accurately produced the vowels /i/, /a/, /u/, and /delta/ with different amounts of lip protrusion, no compensatory larynx height adjustments were observed. PMID- 7358914 TI - Auditory-nerve fiber encoding of two-tone approximations to steady-state vowels. AB - Responses to two harmonically related tones, approximating the lowest formants of nine American English vowels, were recorded from single auditory-nerve fibers. Data were compiled as period histograms for tones presented singly and in combination using the fundamental frequency of the two-tone complex as the time base. The amplitudes of the primary frequency components present in a histogram were estimated by least-squares fitting a half-wave rectified sum of the stimulating sinusoids plus a constant. Nonlinear interactions resulted for most two-tone stimuli: one tone dominated the response. When one tone was equal to best frequency, that tone always controlled discharge timing, usually suppressing the response to the second tone. Complicated interactions took place when the stimulating frequencies bracketed best frequency. The tone nearest best frequency was most effective near threshold, while higher stimulus levels usually favored the low-frequency tone. Nevertheless, the suppression mechanisms appear to provide an effective spatial separation in the cochlea for the response components to each vowel approximation. Fourier analysis of the period histograms yielded qualitatively similar results. PMID- 7358915 TI - Nonlinearities in auditory-nerve fiber responses to bandlimited noise. AB - Discharge rate was measured as a function of spectral level for noise bursts of one bandwidth and center frequency. Such rate-level functions were measured for a number of bandwidths; either the low- or high-cutoff frequencies were set at fiber characteristic frequency (CF). Rate-level functions were also measured, simultaneously, for single tones at CF. We define dynamic range as the range in descibels over which rate increases from 10% to 80% of the maximum driven rate to CF tones. When pooling data across CF in single cats, dynamic range is an increasing function of fiber threshold for CF tones and noise stimuli. Narrow bands of noise produce rate-level functions that are similar to those for CF tones. For noise bands centered above CF, rate-level functions become less steep as bandwidth is increased, and are always monotonic. For wide bands of noise centered below CF, rate-level functions can be nonmonotonic or appear to plateau at rates less than the saturation rate to CF tones. Thus, wide bands of noise centered above or below CF can produce lower discharge rates than do narrow bands at the same spectral level. This rate reduction has properties similar to those for two-tone suppression. The suppressive effects observed for bandlimited noise are most pronounced on low spontaneous units and least pronounced on high spontaneous units. PMID- 7358917 TI - The interaction of whole body vibration and impulse noise. AB - Three groups of chinchillas, each consisting of five monaural animals, were exposed to one of three conditions: 1 h of sinusoidal, 30-Hz vibration at 1 g rms; 50 noise impulses at 155 dB, 1.5-m A duration, at the rate of 1/min; or a combination of the vibration and the impulse noise. Before exposure, and at various times after exposure, each animal's auditory evoked responses (AER) were measured at seven frequencies between 0.5 and 8.0 kHz. Thirty days after the exposure all animals were sacrificed for cochlear surface preparation histology. Chinchillas exposed to the vibration alone showed no significant temporary or permanent change in AER thresholds. The group exposed to impulse noise showed a maximum median TTS of from 34 dB at 0.5 kHz to 72 dB at 2 kHz and a flat PTS of 15-20 dB between 1 and 2.8 kHz. The combination group at all test times and frequencies showed a greater TTS and PTS than did the groups exposed to noise or vibration alone. The cochleograms are related in a variety of ways with hearing thresholds. The data from all three groups of experimental animals are consistent and demonstrate a potentiating effect of vibration on an impulse noise exposure. PMID- 7358916 TI - Level effects in psychophysical two-tone suppression. AB - Measurements of psychophysical two-tone suppression in a number of subjects are described. Levels of the stimulus components (suppressee, L1, and suppressor, L2) were the primary experimental variables. In all experiments the pulsation threshold was used with the probe frequency fr fixed at the suppressee frequency f1. In an initial experiment f1 was fixed at 1 kHz. The suppressor frequency f2 ranged from 0.2 to 1.4 kHz. At appropriate levels all subjects showed significant suppression. Suppression was found to decrease to zero as f2 approached f1. The amount of suppression depended on both L1 and L2 in a way not accounted for by any of the current theories of two-tone suppression. At higher overall levels suppression became increasingly prominent. The amount of two-tone suppression in a given stimulus condition depended strongly on the subject. The maximum amount of suppression measured was about 35 dB. In a second experiment it was verified that suppression follows the same pattern at other frequencies f1 (0.5, 2, and 4 kHz). Data for equal f2/f1 ratios were quite similar. The two-tone suppression effect decreased in a noisy environment. Within a 20-dB range of signal-to-noise ratios the effect of noise changed from negligible to the virtually complete elimination of two-tone suppression. PMID- 7358918 TI - Theory of frequency modulation detection for low modulation frequencies. AB - There is general agreement that the frequency difference limen measured in a two sine-tone frequency discrimination experiment is smaller than that measured in a frequency modulation (FM) experiment. We present a model of frequency modulation detection for low modulation frequencies, within the framework of signal detection theory, which accounts well for the observed difference between frequency discrimination experiments and FM detection experiments. The FM detection model also predicts psychometric functions for detection of FM with different modulation waveforms. FM detection experiments with square, sine, trapezoid, and triangle FM are in reasonable agreement with the model predictions. PMID- 7358919 TI - Contralateral cueing effects in backward masking. AB - The role of stimulus uncertainty in backward masking was investigated using a Monaural Detection with Contralateral Cueing (MDCC) paradigm. Cues temporally synchronous with and phase locked to the signal (20-ms segment of 500-Hz sinusoid) reduced backward masking, with the amount of reduction being independent of the phase relationship between the cue and the signal. Band limited noise cues synchronous with the signal also reduced the amount of backward masking, with cue bandwidth having only a small differential effect on the amount of reduction. The important parameter of the cue in reducing backward masking was the temporal synchrony between the cue and the signal; a silent gap in a broadband noise served as an effective cue. These results confirm that, unlike simultaneous masking, backward masking involves a high degree of temporal uncertainty. PMID- 7358920 TI - The precedence effect and its possible role in the avoidance of interaural ambiguities. AB - The precedence effect, the observation that sound-source localization is determined largely by the interaural cues associated with the earlier-arriving direct sound to the neglect of later-arriving reflections, was investigated in several psychophysical experiments. The first experiment employed a stimulus composed of a continuous noise and its delayed repetition to simulate a direct sound and a single reflection. Comparison of the interaural amplitude and phase differences in this stimulus with its judged lateral position showed that the interaural amplitude and phase differences in this stimulus with its judged lateral position showed that the interaural differences do not predict lateralization judgments as simply as does a knowledge of the temporal pattern of stimulation, given the precedence effect. Most of the experiments were attempts to outline the time course of the precedence effect by measuring just-noticeable differences in interaural time and intensity of brief (less than 5 ms) wide-band noise bursts. The principal finding of these experiments was that interaural sensitivity to changes in both time and intensity follows a nonmonotonic course after the abrupt onset of as ound. Sensitivity is degraded for a period from approximately 0.5 to 10 ms after onset, with the largest jnd's at delays of 2-3 ms. The precedence effect can be understood as resulting from this temporary lapse of interaural sensitivity. It was speculated that this temporal variation in interaural acuity serves to inhibit: (1) the representation of multiple and ambiguous interaural time delays between corresponding points on the waves of periodic stimuli; and (2) the extraction of interaural phase at frequencies greater than approximately 1400 Hz. PMID- 7358921 TI - How are syllables used to recognize words? AB - Our subjects were instructed to push a response button as quickly as possible whenever they detected a mispronounced word in a story. Mispronunciations were produced by changing a syllable-initial /p/ or /k/ to its voiced counterpart (/b/ or /g/). The syllable stress and syllable position (first versus second) of the mispronunciation were varied in a 2 x 2 design. As expected on acoustic grounds, mispronunciations were detected more often in stressed than unstressed syllables. However, reaction times to mispronunciations in both stressed and unstressed syllables were about 200-ms faster in the second syllable of a word. The finding of faster reaction times to second syllables is consistent with the assumption that words are accessed from the sounds which begin them. PMID- 7358922 TI - Evaluation and integration of acoustic features in speech perception. AB - Identification of synthetic stop consonants as either /bae/, /pae/, /dae/, or /tae/ was examined in two experiments in which the stimuli varied independently on voice onset time (VOT), the consonantal second and third formant (F2-F3) transitions and, in experiment 2, the intensity of the aspiration noise during the VOT period. In both experiments, the patterns of the resulting identification probabilities were complex, but systematic, functions of each of the independent variables. Of most interest was the fact that the likelihood of identifying a stimulus to be /bae/ or /pae/, rather than /dae/ or /tae/, was strongly influenced by the VOT as well as by the F2-F3 transitions. Analogously, the likelihood of identifying a stimulus to be /bae/ or /dae/, rather than /pae/ or /tae/, depended on the F2-F3 transitions as well as on VOT. Three explanations of these results were considered within a fuzzy logical model of speech perception: (1) that there is interaction in the evaluation of acoustic features, (2) that the listener requires more extreme values of acoustic features for some speech sounds than for that of other speech sounds, and (3) that the aspiration noise during the VOT period serves as an independent acoustic feature to distinguish /pae/ and /bae/ from /tae/ and /dae/. PMID- 7358924 TI - Plant experiments on the bioavailability of unextracted [carbonyl 14C]methabenzthiazuron residues from soil. PMID- 7358923 TI - Bioorganotin chemistry. Microsomal monooxygenase and mammalian metabolism of cyclohexyltin compounds including the miticide cyhexatin. PMID- 7358925 TI - Diplodiol: a new toxin from Diplodia macrospora. PMID- 7358926 TI - Chaetoglobosin K: a new plant growth inhibitor and toxin from Diplodia macrospora. PMID- 7358927 TI - Long-term feeding effects of browned egg albumin to rats. PMID- 7358928 TI - Shorter high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in cow serum. PMID- 7358929 TI - Chemical composition of different varieties of grain sorghum. PMID- 7358930 TI - A compositional study of pods of two varieties of mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa, P. velutina). PMID- 7358931 TI - Evaluation of the resistance of lysine sulfite to Maillard destruction. PMID- 7358933 TI - Sinalbin and other glucosinolates in seeds of double low rape species and Brassica napus cv. Bronowski. PMID- 7358932 TI - Evaluation of rapeseed protein concentrate as a source of protein in a zinc supplemented diet for young rats. PMID- 7358934 TI - Trypsin inhibitor from Lathyrus sativus seeds: final purification, separation of protein components, properties, and characterization. PMID- 7358935 TI - Tannin content of sorghum varieties and their role in iron bioavailability. PMID- 7358937 TI - Mutagenicity of products obtained from cysteamine--glucose browning model systems. PMID- 7358936 TI - Cadmium and zinc in growing sheep fed silage corn grown on municipal sludge amended soil. PMID- 7358938 TI - Investigation of pesticide residues in human adipose tissue in the Northeast Louisiana area. PMID- 7358939 TI - Vitamin C contents of citrus fruit and their products: a review. PMID- 7358940 TI - Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for the analysis of the in vitro metabolism of the insecticide azinphos-methyl (guthion) by rat liver homogenates. PMID- 7358941 TI - Determination of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran residues in plant tissue by nitrogen selective gas chromatography. PMID- 7358942 TI - Effect of iodoxamide ethyl on allergy skin tests. AB - Lodoxamide ethyl is a new cromolyn-like drug which prevents antigen-induced mediator release from mast cells and antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in sensitive animals and man. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a single administration of lodoxamide ethyl on allergy skin tests. The effect of this drug on allergy skin testing was studied in a double-blind design on ten adult subjects allergic to ragweed. Serial end-point titrations with short ragweed extract and with histamine were performed after a placebo and 1- and 3-mg capsules of lodoxamide ethyl. The immediate wheal-and-flare responses as well as the late allergic reaction were recorded. No statistically significant difference was found between lodoxamide ethyl and placebo in the suppression of the allergen induced immediate wheal-and-flare response or the late allergic reaction. Furthermore, 1 and 3 mg of oral lodoxamide ethyl did not inhibit the histamine induced cutaneous reactions. PMID- 7358943 TI - Long-term corticosteroid effect on lymphocyte and polymorphonuclear cell function in asthmatics. AB - The effect of long-term alternate-day steroid administration on lymphocyte and polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) functions was studied in 10 steroid-dependent adult asthmatic patients. The duration of alternate-day prednisone usage ranged from 3 to 12 yr with an average of 6.7 +/- 3.6 yr. Maintenance steroid dosage at the time of study ranged from 20 to 50 mg on alternate days, averaging 31 +/- 8 mg. Prednisone caused marked lymphopenia, suppression of phytohemagglutin (PHA) lymphocyte transformation and PMN adherence 4 hr after ingestion. By 24 hr these measurements returned to normal or higher. These effects appeared at all doses between 20 and 50 mg of prednisone. In contrast, there was no statistically significant suppression of the total leukocyte count, total and active erythrocyte (E) rosette-forming lymphocytes, serum immunoglobulin concentrations, polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) phagocytosis, or delayed skin reactivity. We conclude that the acute effects of prednisone on lymphocyte and PMN function are transient and return to normal levels by 24 hr. The continued administration of beclomethasone dipropionate by inhalation did not interfere with the recovery of the transient leukocyte abnormalities induced by oral prednisone. PMID- 7358944 TI - Existence of basophil chemotaxis in subjects with hay fever. AB - From an earlier study we proposed that the relative peripheral basophilia of subjects with symptomatic hay fever might be associated with a basophil chemotactic factor in the serum. Six subjects with symptomatic hay fever and six nonallergic subjects were tested for basophil chemotaxis (BC) weekly during and after the hay fever season. Cells of the allergic subjects with autologous serum showed significantly more BC than with control serum during the symptomatic weeks. After they hay fever season there was no difference in BC between the allergic and nonallergic groups. We conclude that there is a BC factor(s) in the serum of symptomatic subjects with hay fever which requires basophils from symptomatic subjects to be demonstrable. PMID- 7358945 TI - Quillaja bark (soapbark)--induced asthma. AB - A 24-yr-old man developed sensitization to Quillaja bark (soapbark) dust at his work place. Within 3 mo of being employed in a factory processing Quallaja bark to produce saponin, he experienced asthma symptoms while handling the bark but only nasal symptoms on being exposed to the purified saponin. Bronchial provocation using Quillaja bark dust resulted in immediate bronchoconstriction as well as faintness, diffuse erythema, and hypotension. Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) using the pulverized crude Quillaja bark was markedly positive, and cross reactivity between gum acacia and gum tragacanth was demonstrated using this technique. PMID- 7358947 TI - Lack of effect of intravenous erythromycin lactobionate on theophylline clearance. PMID- 7358946 TI - Exclusion of particulate allergens by window air conditioners. AB - Effects of window air-conditioner operation on intramural particle levels were assessed in the bedrooms of 20 homes and in 10 outpatient clinic examining rooms during late summer periods. At each site, pollen and spore collections in the mechanically cooled room and a normally ventilated counterpart were compared using volumetric impactors. Substantially lower particle recoveries (median = 16/m3) were found in air-conditioned rooms than in those with open windows alone (median = 253 particles/m3). Furthermore, substantial exclusion of small (e.g., Ganoderma spores) as well as large (ragweed pollens) aerosol components were found by window units. Control studies within normally ventilated rooms and outside their open windows showed a marked but variable inward flux of particles. Window units appear to substantially reduce indoor allergan levels by maintaining the isolation of enclosed spaces from particle-bearing outdoor air. PMID- 7358948 TI - Nature of N-S bond cleavage of 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl (di-n butylaminosulfenyl) (methyl)carbamate. AB - The cleavage of the N-S bond in 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl (di-n butylaminosulfenyl) (methyl)carbamate was examined in different buffer solutions (hydrolysis), in buffer solution containing sulfhydryl reagents (thiolysis) and on thin-layer chromatographic plates. In buffer solution and on thin-layer plates, N-S bond cleavage readily occurred to give carbofuran as a major product, with minor amounts of bis-carbofuran-N,N'-disulfide and -trisulfide. The hydrolysis reaction in buffer proceeded with first-order kinetics. Significant amounts of an unknown polar compound were obtained in buffer solution and on thin layer plates. In the presence of excess cysteine and glutathione at pH 7.0, thiolytic N-S bond cleavage occurred with first-order kinetics to give carbofuran as the sole identifiable product. At pH 5.0, three minor products were obtained along with carbofuran. PMID- 7358949 TI - Influence of some field-applied nematicides on microflora and mineral nutrients in an organic soil. PMID- 7358950 TI - 2,8-Dihydromirex: a twenty-eight day sub-acute toxicity study in the rat. PMID- 7358951 TI - The hand in the child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Clinical examination of 100 children showed frequent loss of wrist extension and ulnar deviation. Loss of flexion and radial deviation in the metacarpophalangeal joint is more frequent than in the adult. Statistical review of charts and roentgenograms of 200 patients showed all had ulnar shortening up to 9 mm but there was no correlation with ulnar deviation or netacarpophalangeal radial deviation. Conservative treatment is reviewed; surgery is rarely indicated. PMID- 7358952 TI - Arthroplasty of the rheumatoid wrist with silicone rubber: an early evaluation. AB - A review of the results of 37 arthroplasties of the wrist with flexible silicone, done at least 6 months before, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed six (16%) to have residual discomfort and two (5%) to have recurrent deformity. Pain was the primary indication for treatment in 31 and deformity in six. Three of 37 wrists had prosthetic fractures (8%). Ten patients who had the opposite wrist fused before the arthroplasty felt the movable wrist was more functional. Contraindications are marked deformity, significant instability, excessive bone loss, and multiple tendon ruptures. PMID- 7358953 TI - Early surgical correction in the cerebral palsied hand. AB - The 5 year follow-up of 20 children suffering from cerebral palsy who had undergone early surgical release procedures for deformities of the hand has indicated certain positive advantages for this method of treatment. In all cases there was an improved cosmetic appearance of the hand and improved function to a greater or lesser degree, as compared with the preoperative state. Night splints have been retained, as it was found that deformities tend to recur if splintage is discarded completely. None of the patients has developed fixed contractures, and to date improvement in function has been sufficient to obviate the need for further surgical procedures. PMID- 7358954 TI - The vincula to the flexor tendons of the hand. AB - Four groups of vincula were identified within the flexor tendon sheath of 116 cadaver specimens. Each group originated from an individual arterial digital arcade. The V1 and V2 vincula were the primary carriers of blood supply to the superficialis tendon. The V3 and V4 vincula were the main supply to the profundus tendom. A simplified nomenclature is suggested to clarify this complex anatomic area. The terms "brevia" and "longa" are only useful to describe the shape of the vincula in these four positions. PMID- 7358955 TI - Experimental comparison of technics of tendon repair. AB - We compared tendon gliding and tensile strengths after 70 modified Bunnell, Kessler, Kleinert, or Tsuge flexor tendon repairs in chickens. We evaluated gliding by three different measurements: angular motion, longitudinal tendon movement with the toe intact, and with the repair isolated. The tendon dimensions and the rupture strengths were measured. We found equal rupture rates and tensile strengths after all repairs and equal gliding after the modified Bunnell, Kessler and Kleinert repairs. Angular motion was better after the Tsuge repair than after the modified Bunnell repair, but longitudinal tendon movement with the toe intact or with the repair isolated was the same. From our observations we believe that a hand surgeon could use either the Bunnell, Kessler, Kleinert, or Tsuge technic of flexor tendon repair and expect equal results. PMID- 7358956 TI - Restoration of elbow flexion in arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. AB - In 15 patients with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 18 operations were performed to improve elbow function. These operations were for seven cases of pectoralis transfer, seven cases of anterior transfer of triceps, two cases of posterior elbow release, and two cases of Steindler flexoroplasty. Results were evaluated on two simple criteria: single-hand feeding and improved elbow joint motion. These criteria showed that the pectoralis transfer was the most effective procedure. PMID- 7358957 TI - Biceps tendon rerouting and percutaneous osteoclasis in the treatment of supination deformity in obstetrical palsy. AB - Paralytic supination deformity of the forearm, secondary to obstetrical palsy, was treated by biceps tendon rerouting in 11 children. In two patients additional pronation was obtained by subsequent percutaneous osteoclasis and rotation of the radius and ulna. Correction of the supination deformity resulted in improvement of single-handed as well as two-handed activities in all patients. PMID- 7358958 TI - The management of upper extremity pit viper wounds. AB - In a series of 56 rattlesnake bites, there were 31 injuries involving the upper extremity and hand with a clinical complication rate of 32% that ranged from Volkmann's contracture to coagulopathies. The most frequent was tissue necrosis with functional joint stiffness and loss of sensibility. Because these patients were treated with a variety of regimens, an animal model was developed to determine the efficacy of the individual treatments. Sublethal intramuscular injections of Crotalus atrox venom were made in the extremity of New Zealand white rabbits. Tissue reaction monitored by swelling and hemorrhage was decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) with antivenin and antivenin-steroids, but no treatment modality prevented tissue necrosis. Clinical and laboratory experience indicates that one cannot rely on injectable medications to prevent tissue necrosis in pit viper envenomations and that operative treatment should be used in conjunction with other forms of therapy. PMID- 7358959 TI - Cutaneous larva migrans in the upper extremity. AB - Parasitic infestation may resemble bacterial inflammation leading to inappropriate therapy. Three cases of cutaneous larva migrans of the upper extremity are presented in order to emphasize diagnostic and treatment modalities. PMID- 7358960 TI - Hemangioendotheliomas of the hand: case reports. AB - Hemangioendotheliomas are rare benign vascular tumors which may be grossly and histologically difficult to distinguish from highly malignant angiosarcomas. They coexist with other vascular tumors in the hand, e.g., hemangioma. Three case histories are presented of hemangioendothelioma occurring in the hand. This report offers a plea for permanent section pathological analysis for diagnosis and wide excision to avoid recurrence of this benign lesion. PMID- 7358961 TI - Isolation and classification of sixteen strains of saprophytic leptospires. AB - Sixteen strains of leptospires were isolated from surface water (14 in England and 2 in Italy) and were classified. They were all saprophytic, and nine of them belonged to known serovars: the others were found to represent new serovars within already known serogroups. PMID- 7358962 TI - A survey of Plesiomonas shigelloides from aquatic environments, domestic animals, pets and humans. AB - We conducted a survey during the period from 1974 to 1976, to determine the distribution of Plesiomonas shigelloides in human faeces, the intestinal contents of cattle, swine, poultry, dogs, cats, fresh water fish, and river water and sludge from wet riverbeds in the vicinity of Tokyo. Isolation of the organisms was performed by using Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar and deoxycholate hydrogensulphide-lactose (DHL) agar plates. P. shigelloides was isolated from 3 (0.0078%) of 38454 healthy Tokyoites, 37 (3.8%) of 967 dogs, 40 (10.3%) of 389 cats, 25 (10.2%) of 246 fresh water fish, 64 (12;8%) of 497 river water samples, and 2 of 19 (10.5%) sludge samples. Of 302 strains isolated, from dogs, cats, fresh water fish, river water and healthy carriers, 196 were typed to 50 serovars. Most of the serovars were found to be similar to strains isolated from patients with gastroenteritis due to P. shigelloides. PMID- 7358963 TI - Protection by a polyvalent influenza vaccine and persistence of homologous and heterologous HI antibodies during a period of two epidemic seasons. AB - A split-product influenza A vaccine which contained an influenza B strain (B/Hong Kong/8/73) and two influenza A strains, antigenically identical with A/Fort Dix/741/76 (Hsw1N1) and A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2), was offered to personnel of the CPHL. Changes in the antibody status were followed with serum samples collected from 153 participants on the day of vaccination and 1, 13 and 18 months thereafter. During the two epidemic seasons in the trial period there were only four serological influenza A infections (2.6%) among the vaccinees. This is one eighth of the corresponding infection rate (22%) in the general population estimated on the basis of other indices. The vaccinees' antibody response was strongly influenced by the age of the individual subjects. During the trial period the decrease in the antibody titres slowed down. The geometric mean titres of homologous HI antibodies were still substantially higher at the end of the period than at the beginning. This also applied to heterologous antibodies against H1N1 viruses in persons born between 1926 and 1952. In participants born after 1952, the vaccine was not able to evoke these antibodies, and in participants born in or before 1925 the boosting effect was poor. PMID- 7358964 TI - Inactivation of f2 coliphage in municipal effluent by the use of various disinfectants. AB - Bromine chloride, chlorine and peracetic acid inactivated f2 coliphages in effluent but in order to achieve 99.99% inactivation the three disinfectants were required at about 1, 10 and 100 mg/l respectively. The activity of chlorine was halved by the presence of added organic matter, whereas bromine chloride and peracetic acid were very little affected. When a second successive dose of virus was added to the reaction mixture, the virus was inactivated only by peracetic acid despite the fact that in the chlorine-treated effluent residual chlorine was detected. The addition of a second dose of disinfectant inactivated residual virus in the same way as the first dose. PMID- 7358965 TI - Hepatitis B serology in Greek prostitutes: significance of the different serum markers. AB - One hundred and ninety-eight prostitutes (mean age 41.8 years) and 117 control women of low socio-economic class (mean age 43.8 years) were tested by solid phase radioimmunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), its antibody (anti-HBs) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). The prevalence of HBsAg was higher among prostitutes (11% v. 4%, P approximately 0.06). This difference was accounted for by the higher infection rate of prostitutes to hepatitis B virus (HBV) 97% v. 45%, P less than 10(-6)), since the proportion of HBsAg carriers among those infected was practically the same between the two groups (11% v. 9%). Among the previously infected prostitutes who did not become carriers the majority (75%) were positive for both anti-HBc and anti-HBs, whereas among control women about half (52%) were positive only for anti-HBc. PMID- 7358966 TI - Laboratory evaluation of bromadiolone as a rodenticide for use against warfarin resistant and non-resistant rats and mice. AB - Laboratory feeding tests were carried out to determine the efficacy of the anticoagulant rodenticide bromadiolone against Rattus norvegicus, R. rattus and Mus musculus. Using 0.005% bromadiolone, complete kills of R. norvegicus and R. rattus not resistant to warfarin were obtained after exposure to the poison for 1 and 5 days respectively. Warfarin-resistant R. norvegicus were all killed in 4 days, and resistant M. musculus in 12 days. In general, the results resembled those obtained with difenacoum. Acceptance of bromadiolone was very good. PMID- 7358967 TI - Changing aspects of dietary treatment. PMID- 7358968 TI - Bottle-feeding legislation in Papua New Guinea. AB - Research in Papua New Guinea and elsewhere in the developing world has indicted the dangers of bottle feeding infants. Following a failure to obtain the voluntary agreement of shopkeepers to restrict sales of infant-feeding bottles and teats, legislation was passed which placed these items on prescription. In order to obtain a prescription certain conditions have to be satisfied. A follow up survey which was carried out in Port Moresby two years after the introduction of legislation indicated a significant decline in the extent of bottle feeding. PMID- 7358969 TI - Severe nutritional iron deficiency and behaviour disorder in an infant. AB - The case report describes a 9-month-old Indian child with severe iron deficiency and a haemoglobin of 3.1 g/dl (3.1 g per cent). The case illustrates certain behavioural problems (Pollitt & Leibel, 1976)- irritability, anorexia and vomiting - of infants with iron deficiency, which make them more iron-deficient and anaemic. Blood transfusion was used to break this vicious circle. The child was given oral iron supplements, her behaviour improved and the anaemia disappeared. PMID- 7358972 TI - Patients' view of a gluten-free diet. PMID- 7358970 TI - The effects of diet on high density lipoprotein cholesterol. AB - Twenty-nine patients with normal blood lipids were placed on diets. Thirteen, mainly attending hospital for varicose veins, were prescribed low-energy diets: HDL-cholesterol was raised after one month and significantly after three months (P less than 0.02); total cholesterol was lowered (P less than 0.05). Sixteen patients, mainly with irritable bowel symptoms, were prescribed high-fibre diet: HDL-C was raised after one month (P less than 0.05), but not significantly so after three months; total cholesterol was unchanged. PMID- 7358971 TI - A simple low-magnesium diet. AB - Details are given of a semi-synthetic low-magnesium diet that provides adequate short-term nutrition. The diet is made up of proprietary foodstuffs and is suitable for short-term magnesium deprivation studies in man. After five days on the diet four subjects demonstrated a marked fall in urinary magnesium excretion. PMID- 7358973 TI - Nutrition broadcasting. AB - The use of radio by the dietitians of the Whittington Hospital and their guest speakers to advise and educate hospital patients on varying aspects of human nutrition, reaching a much larger section of the local population than they could in their usual work, is described. PMID- 7358974 TI - A cookery book for self-catering mentally handicapped. AB - The more able patients from hospitals for the mentally handicapped in Southmead Health District Bristol, are being established in minimal-support homes. Dietitians were asked to advise on how to teach practical cookery skills and encourage good nutrition. They were unable to recommend any of the available cookery books, and have designed a recipe folder in picture form of suitable meals for one week. The mentally handicapped patient's background is discussed as it relates to the practical problems of rehabilitation. PMID- 7358976 TI - Information overload in immunology: possible solutions to the problem of excessive publication. PMID- 7358975 TI - New perspectives on the dietary management of diabetes. AB - Some of the confusions and misconceptions surrounding the diabetic diet are discussed together with the reasons why there is controversy over its formation. Current understanding of the contribution which diet may make to the prevention of complications is outlined. A new approach to the dietary management of the diabetic is suggested. PMID- 7358977 TI - Specific clonal regulation in the response to phosphocholine. I. Genetic analysis of the response of a distinct idiotype (M511 Id). AB - The genetic basis of the BALB/c anti-PC response pattern was studied in allotype and H-2 congenic mouse strains. In both a T-dependent (PC-KLH) and a T independent (R36A) system, one of the major anti-PC idiotypes, the M511 IdI, is under specific clonal regulation. The expression of the two other major anti-PC idiotypes, T15 and M603X, is independent of such control. The expression of the M511 IdI is controlled by more than one gene, with at least one of the genes unlinked to either the Igh or the H-2 locus. Low responder mice, such as BALB/c, possesses the relevant genetic information coding for the H and L chains of the M511 Idi-positive antibodies, indicating that the expression of this idiotype is dependent on a specific regulatory mechanism. PMID- 7358978 TI - Human eosinophil- and neutrophil-mediated killing of schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni in vitro. I. Enhancement of complement-dependent damage by mast cell derived mediators and formyl methionyl peptides. PMID- 7358979 TI - The use of cellular immunoadsorbents to prepare antibody that distinguishes between syngeneic surface antigens on two guinea pig hepatocarcinomas. AB - Xenogenic antibodies with reactivity for surface determinants of the guinea pig line-10 hepatocarcinoma were isolated by using cellular immunoadsorbents prepared by coupling formalin-treated line-10 cells to diethylaminoethyl cellulose. Antibodies prepared in this manner exhibited a high degree of reactivity for line 10 surface determinants. These antibodies also reacted with surface determinants of the syngeneic line-1 hepatocarcinoma. Further specificity of antibody reactivity to the line-10 hepatocarcinoma was accomplished by passage of the antibodies through cellular immunoadsorbents prepared with syngeneic line-1 hepatocarcinoma cells. By direct binding studies, these antibodies showed significantly reduced reactivity for line-1 cells and no reactivity for guinea pig spleen cells or for the unrelated murine EL-4 lymphoma. By a competitive radioimmunoassay, these antibodies reacted only with determinants expressed on the surfaces of line-10 cells and not on syngeneic line-1, L2C, spleen, thymus; or xenogeneic EL-4 cell surfaces. In a similar manner, line-10-associated antigens were detected in ascites fluid derived from line-10 tumor-bearing animals. The sequential use of immunoadsorbents made of antigenically distinct but syngeneic tumor cells made it possible to prepare antibodies with restricted reactivity for line-10-associated antigens and should be applicable to the isolation of "tumor-specific" antibodies in other systems. PMID- 7358980 TI - Antigenic features of myelin basic protein-like material in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7358982 TI - Progressive myelopathy in older German shepherd dogs. I. Depressed response to thymus-dependent mitogens. PMID- 7358981 TI - Opsonic recognition of staphylococci mediated by cell wall peptidoglycan: antibody-independent activation of human complement and opsonic activity of peptidoglycan antibodies. PMID- 7358983 TI - Differentiation of hemolytically active fluid-phase and cell-bound human C1q by an ant venom-derived polysaccharide. PMID- 7358984 TI - Reduced natural killer activity in female mice after neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol. AB - Treatment of neonatal female mice with DES markedly reduced the activity of NK cells in adult mice. This finding was most evident in C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains, but was also found in outbred NMRI mice. The mechanisms behind the reduced NK activity was further analyzed. No evidence of DES-induced cellular or humoral suppressors of natural killing could be detected. Pregnancy was found to be without effects on NK. Poly I:C augmented the NK activity in control females but even very high doses of Poly I:C failed to increase the level of NK activity in neonatally DES-treated animals. The lack of response to boosting with Poly I:C was not due to alterations in kinetics of NK induction. PMID- 7358985 TI - Alveolar macrophage suppression of canine bronchoalveolar lymphocytes: the role of prostaglandin E2 in the inhibition of mitogen-responses. PMID- 7358986 TI - IA antigens and antigen-presenting function of thymic macrophages. AB - Thymic adherent cells were isolated after their enrichment on density gradients. The predominant cell type found was the macrophage, as determined by morphology, surface receptors for Fc and C3, phagocytosis and esterase activity. There was, in addition, a minor fraction of cells with a distinctive dendritic morphology. These dendritic cells had surface properties similar to macrophages but limited phagocytic capacity. Approximately 50% of thymic adherent cells bear Ia antigens detected by immunofluorescence by using either A.TH anti-A.TL or monoclonal anti I-A antibodies. These cells were also found to be an extremely effective antigen presenting source for macrophage-depleted immune T cells, supporting the idea that the Ia antigens detected are of functional significance. Our data indicate that the macrophage is the predominant adherent cell type in general, and the principal Ia-bearing cell in particular, isolated by either physical disruption of the thymus or by collagenase dissociation of thymis stroma. PMID- 7358987 TI - Characterization of guinea pig lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor for fibroblasts. AB - An assay that measures guinea pig fibroblast chemotaxis in vitro is described. Application of this assay has revealed that stimulation of guinea pig blood or lymph node lymphocytes in vitro by T cell antigen (horseradish peroxidase) or mitogen (phytohemagglutinin) is associated with production of a chemoattractant for guinea pig fibroblasts. This lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor for fibroblasts (LDCF-F) has a m.w. or 80,000 and is distinct from guinea pig lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor for monocytes (LDCF-M). LDCF-F is heat labile and trypsin sensitive. The production of LDCF-F in vitro correlates with lymphocyte transformation to antigen or mitogen and with the presence of in vivo delayed hypersensitivity to antigen. LDCF-F might function in vivo to attract connective tissue fibroblasts to sites of cell-mediated immune reactions. PMID- 7358988 TI - Neutrophil degranulation and abnormal chemotaxis after thermal injury. PMID- 7358990 TI - International Lymphokine Nomenclature Committee. PMID- 7358989 TI - Hybridoma autoantibodies to DNA. AB - MRL/1 mice develop a severe form of systemic lupus erythematosus and spontaneously produce high levels of autoantibodies to DNA. Spleen cells from these animals were used as fusion partners to prepare hybridomas that produce autoantibodies to DNA. Since exogenous immunization was not employed, the hybridoma antibodies were derived from populations of B cells that spontaneously produced autoantibodies. Each hybridoma autoantibody had a distinctive binding specificity with S-DNA, N-DNA, or oligonucleotides. PMID- 7358991 TI - Susceptibility of adherent versus suspension target cells derived from adherent tissue culture lines to cell-mediated cytotoxicity in rapid 51Cr-release assays. AB - Preparation of target cells from tissue culture lines which grow adherent to tissue culture vessels is often desirable for tests of cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC). In the present study we used cells derived from adherent tissue culture lines to compare the merits of suspension vs. adherent target cells in short-term 51Cr-release assays. Cytotoxic activity of murine spleen cells sensitized in vitro against allogeneic spleen cells or syngeneic sarcoma cells was tested with fibroblast or sarcoma target cells. In parallel tests, aliquots of tissue culture lines were detached and used as either suspension or adherent target cells in CMC assays, matching the concentrations of suspension and adherent target cells. In both allogeneic and syngeneic combinations adherent target cells released less 51Cr spontaneously and were more susceptible to CMC than their suspension counterparts. PMID- 7358992 TI - The use of concanavalin A to measure acute phase proteins by laser nephelometry. AB - Concanavalin A (con A) binds specifically to alpha-D-glucosyl, alpha-D-mannosyl and sterically related structures. Many serum glycoproteins contain such residues and will therefore bind and precipitate con A. Using this principle, a nephelometric method was developed for measuring total con A binding proteins in serum. The effect of parameters such as con A to glycoprotein ratio, polymer enhancement, reaction time, stability of the complexes and potential inhibitory molecules such as glucose and calcium were assessed. A brief clinical evaluation of the assay in human sera showed that con A binding correlates well with specific acute phase protein-changes in inflammatory disease and may be used as an index of disease activity. Preliminary studies show that con A binding also reflects disease activity in a number of animal species and thus may provdie a much needed index of inflammation in the experimental animal and in veterinary practice, where species specific antisera to acute phase proteins are not widely available and protein analyses have been rather neglected. The assay is rapid, cheap and may be performed on automated nephelometric systems. PMID- 7358993 TI - Mitogenic responses of canine peripheral blood lymphocytes to staphylococcal protein A. AB - In order to produce long term lymphoid cell cultures from canine lymphocytes of known histocompatibility antigen specificities, mitogenic responses to staphylococcal protein A (SpA) were examined and compared with those of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A). SpA was found to be the strongest mitogen tested with significant responses to concentrations as low as 31 ng/ml. There was a decrease in responsiveness above optimal mitogen concentrations with SpA and PHA. Peak responses were observed at lower concentrations for longer incubation times. PHA showed a rapid fall off in thymidine uptake below optimal concentrations whereas the SpA dose-response curve was less steep and a shoulder or secondary peak of activity was observed at low SpA concentrations in some cases. Continuous SpA stimulation of lymphocyte cultures resulted in an initial period of cell proliferation followed usually by a second period of cell proliferation around week 7 of culture. To date, viable cell cultures have been maintained for up to 12 weeks in vitro. SpA lymphoblast cultures behave normally in microcytotoxicity tests for serologically defined DLA histocompatibility antigens and remain functional in natural killer (NK) and PHA induced cell mediated cytotoxic reactions against 51Cr-labelled tumour target cells but were not themselves susceptible as target cells for NK activity. PMID- 7358994 TI - Nuclear antigens: characterization of the acidic nuclear ribonucleoprotein-Sm antigen complex by analytical and preparative isoelectric focusing. AB - The soluble ribonucleoprotein nuclear antigen (RNP), associated with the Sm antigen and present in extracts of rabbit thymus acetone powder, was purified by ion-exchange chromatography. Analytical isoelectric focussing (IEF) showed two bands at pH 5.2 and two bands at pH 5.4. After treatment by RNAse these 4 bands disappeared, and a new band with a pI of 6.1, representing the intact protein moiety, appeared. During preparative IEF in granulated gels the antigenicity of RNP was lost. Only the Sm antigen could be detected by counter immunoelectrophoresis. Fractions with Sm antigenicity refocussed as two intense bands (pI 6.8 and 7.2) and one or two fainter bands (pI 6.1). On reducing SDS PAGE the SM antigen revealed two bands of apparent molecular weights of about 110,000 and 28,500, indicating a total molecular weight of 138,500. PMID- 7358996 TI - Arginase production by peritoneal macrophages: a new assay. AB - The arginase activity of murine mononuclear cells was assessed with a new highly sensitive radioassay. Adherent mononuclear cells obtained by peritoneal lavage from normal mice contain significant quantities of enzyme. This was released in culture and continued synthesis could be blocked with cycloheximide. Arginase activity was not found in adherent or non-adherent mononuclear cells from the spleen. Peritoneal cells obtained from mice infected with P. berghei or from mice injected with LPS intraperitoneally had higher arginase activity than cells from control mice. PMID- 7358995 TI - A rapid method for assessment of a macrophage chemotactant produced by SaD2 fibrosarcoma cells in vitro. AB - A new rapid method for assessing murine macrophage chemotaxis was developed using peritoneal exudate cells labeled with [5,6-3H]uridine in modified Boyden chambers with double polycarbonate filters. The method gave positive results with endotoxin-treated mouse serum and with serum-free culture supernatant of the DBA/2 SaD2 fibrosarcoma. These results correlated with results obtained with conventional microscopic assessment of chemotaxis. Using this method, the SaD2 supernatant was shown to be chemotactic rather than chemokinetic. PMID- 7358997 TI - Selective labelling of lymphoid tissues by extracorporeal perfusion. AB - A method for selective labelling of lymphoid tissues by means of an extracorporeal perfusion system is described. The applicability of this technique was tested by local labelling of a part of the small intestine with its mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow in normal young pits. Tritiated thymidine was added to the perfusate and the selectivity of the labelling procedure tested by scintillation counting of serum samples, of specimens of lymphoid tissues and by autoradiography. There was only negligible spillover of the isotope and the perfused organs were well preserved. PMID- 7358998 TI - A microcytotoxicity assay using 111indium oxine release from platelets. AB - A simple, rapid method is described for the labelling of platelets with 111indium oxine for use in a microcytotoxicity assay. The assay described gives low levels of spontaneous lysis, good reproducibility and an end point may be determined by autoradiography as well as by direct measurement of release of 111indium. The labelled platelets, stored at 4 degrees C without further washing, may be used in the assay system for up to 4 days after preparation without loss of reproducibility. PMID- 7358999 TI - A large-scale radiometric micro-quantitative complement fixation test for serum antibody titration. AB - A micro-quantitative complement fixation (CF) procedure based on 51Cr release is described. The method employs 50% hemolysis as end point and the alternation equation to calculate the amount of complement involved in the hemolytic reaction. Compared to the conventional CF tests, the radiometric procedure described here is very precise and consistently reproducible. Also, since only 3 4-fold dilutions of sera are used for the titration of antibodies over a wide range of concentrations, the test is very concise and is economical to perform. Its format is amenable to automation and computerization. This radiometric CF procedure is thus most useful for large-scale immunological research and epidemiological surveillance studies. PMID- 7359000 TI - Determination of rat mast cells by flow-cytometry. AB - Counting of rat mast cells and assessment of degranulation were performed by flow cytometry using a cytograph. It was shown that the number of mast cells in a total cell population may be obtained rapidly and reproducibly following toluidine blue staining. A dose-response for degranulation by compound 48/80 was performed and it was shown that azure A staining (in 40% sucrose) discriminates degranulated from non-degranulated mast cells, while trypan blue staining discriminates between cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic degranulation. Values obtained by flow-cytometry and microscopic evaluation were in good agreement; assessment by flow-cytometry provides a convenient new approach to counting mast cells and assessing their degree of degranulation. PMID- 7359001 TI - A method for high yield isolation and purification of anti-native DNA antibodies present in lupus sera. AB - Antibodies to nucleic acids may serve as biochemical tools or as probes of cellular function. Particularly important, but also particularly difficult to obtain, is antibody which reacts exclusively with double stranded DNA. We describe here a method for the separation of antibodies to double stranded DNA from SLE serum, using hydroxyapatite to which DNA is adsorbed at a low molarity of phosphate buffer. Having applied the serum to the column we passed it through a continuous gradient of phosphate buffer ranging from 0.005 to 0.5 M. Deoxyribonuclease and magnesium ions were added when the gradient had reached the molarity at which single stranded DNA had already been desorbed and double stranded DNA began to be eluted. The antibody to native DNA that we obtained reacted in complement fixation, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and Farr's assay with native DNA and did not react with single stranded DNA, single and double stranded RNA or with a panel of 24 protein-coupled nucleosides, nucleotides and dinucleotides. PMID- 7359003 TI - The effect of human lymphokine on the growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. AB - Lymphokine was tested for fungal growth inhibitory activity against the filamentous fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes from a donor exhibiting delayed type cutaneous hypersensitivity to a trichophytin skin test were cultured with trichophytin and PHA-P. Culture supernatants were assayed for lymphokine activity using the lymphotoxin sensitive mouse L-929 alpha fibroblast. Lymphocyte activation to PHA-P and trichophytin was confirmed by monitoring 3H-thymidine incorporation. Supernatants from 2-day PHA-P and 6-day trichophytin activated cultures were found to contain potent lymphokine activity. This activity was not diminished by the addition of ferric iron sufficient to saturate the contained transferrin. Supernatants from unstimulated control cultures contained no lymphokine activity. Undiluted lymphokine containing supernatants and nonlymphokine containing control supernatants were evaluated for fungal growth inhibitory activity using a sensitive radiometric growth assay. Iron supplemented supernatants retaining potent lymphokine activity did not inhibit fungal growth. Non-iron supplemented supernatants and fresh medium containing serum inhibited fungal growth. Our data suggest that lymphokine active against mammalian cells is not directly antagonistic to the growth of the filamentous fungus T. mentagrophytes but does not exclude the possibility that activated lymphocytes release a chelator such as transferrin that can inhibit fungal growth. PMID- 7359002 TI - Levels of activity of the polyamine biosynthetic decarboxylases as indicators of degree of malignancy of human cutaneous epitheliomas. AB - The activities of ornithine decarboxylase and of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase in human normal epidermis, in basal cell epitheliomas, and in squamous cell carcinomas of human skin have been compared. All 3 types of tissues have characteristic levels of each of these enzymes. The normal epidermis had the lowest levels of both ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activities. The levels of the polyamine biosynthetic decarboxylases in basal cell epitheliomas were significantly higher than those of normal epidermis, but at the same time significantly lower than those present in squamous cell carcinomas. These results support the conclusion that in epithelial malignant tumors of human skin the extent of the increase in the activities of polyamine biosynthetic decarboxylases is well correlated with the neoplasm's growth rate, which is faster in the squamous cell carcinomas than in the basal cell epitheliomas. PMID- 7359004 TI - The ultrastructure of collagen in the dermis of tight-skin (Tsk) mutant mice. AB - A recently discovered dominant mutation in C57/B10 mice called tight-skin (Tsk) results in hypertrophy of certain collagenous tissues including the dermis and hypodermis. The skin of heterozygotes (Tsk/+) is indurated and substantially stiffer than that of the normal animals (+/+). In this study, an electron microscopical comparison of the skin of these animals revealed that the fibrous architecture of the hypertrophic reticular dermis of Tsk/+ mice is more disorganized than that of the +/+ mice and in many areas, the collagen fibrils are more densely packed. The abundance of fibroblasts with distended endoplasmic reticulum in both the dermis and hypodermis of Tsk/+ mice is consistent with increased collagen synthesis. Several of the changes in the dermis and hypodermis of the Tsk/+ mice are similar to changes reported in sclerodermatous skin of man. Surprisingly, an apparent abnormality in the morphology of some of collagen fibrils in the skin of Tsk/+ mice was found to be at least as prevalent in the "normal" +/+ mice. The reticular dermis of both animals contain scattered fibrils which are much larger in diameter than normal and often have a twisted appearance resulting from either helical grooves in the surface of the fibril or discrete branches which twist about one another. PMID- 7359005 TI - Alteration of HeLa cell growth equilibrium by supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal and psoriatic subjects. AB - The possibility that products released by inflammatory cells may play a role in the induction/maintenance of psoriasis is suggested by the observation that psoriasis, a disease of excess epidermal proliferation, is linked to inflammatory events. As an assessment of this possibility, the effects of supernatants from antigen stimulated and unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal and psoriatic subjects on the proliferation of HeLa cell cultures are presented. Data demonstrate that supernatants contain factors which both inhibit and enhance cell proliferation, both of which are released in greater quantities from antigen stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Dilutional and pulsing experiments show that proliferation enhancing factors present in these supernatants have an apparent greater affinity for HeLa cells than does the inhibitory component. Relative to HeLa cell proliferation in fresh media, both antigen stimulated and control supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of subjects with psoriasis have significantly less inhibitory and more of the enhancing effect than similar supernatants from normal subjects. Individual, as well as pooled, supernatants from subjects with psoriasis demonstrate these differences. The kinetics of this response are the same, normal vs. psoriasis. This "net effect" of supernatants from patients with psoriasis favoring proliferation is in harmony with the concept of inflammatory events playing a role in cell proliferation, and may be important in the induction/maintenance of psoriasis. PMID- 7359006 TI - The nature and evolution of port wine stains: a computer-assisted study. AB - In an attempt to understand the histogenesis and evolution of port wine stains (PWS), 100 patients with PWS were biopsied; the gross features of each lesion and the patient's associated clinical characteristics were recorded. A detailed analysis of each biopsy including both vessel and nonvessel parameters was made with the assistance of a computer. The central abnormalities characterizing port wine stains are an increase in vessel number (vascular profiles) and ectasia. Vessel number is highest in the immediate subepidermal area and then rapidly diminishes; mean vessel depth is .46 +/- .17 mm. In contrast mean vessel area shows less variation throughout the dermis, ectatic vessels being present when vessel number is very low. The product of both factors determines the percent of dermis occupied by vessels, but the mean vessel area is the major determinant. While age correlates poorly with vessel number, it correlates well with both progressive vessel ectasia and color shifts (pink to purple). Each of multiple vessel parameters analyzed (vessel number, mean vessel area, wall thickness, angulation, and luminal erythrocyte content) exhibited strong layer to layer correlation within the first .8 mm of tissue beneath the epidermis, indicating homogeneity of vessel characteristics within the lesion. The size of the lesion and facial quadrant distribution do not change with age nor are they related to any histological parameters. However the PWS lesion is found most often on the right side and lower quadrants, with a distinctive pattern being present in patients with glaucoma and mental retardation. PMID- 7359007 TI - Microvascular leakage of plasma proteins after short-term PUVA treatment. AB - The transcapillary escape rate of albumin (TERalb) i.e., the fraction of intravascular albumin, that passes to the extravascular space per unit time is a parameter of the leakage of macromolecules from the total microvasculature. In this study TER alb was measured before and after PUVA treatment to psoriatic patients to study functional alterations in the microvasculature induced by the treatment. Short-term PUVA treatment caused a statistically significant increase in TERalb in 7 out of 8 patients (p less than 0.05). This seems to be a functional equivalent to the morphological changes in the dermal capillary of psoriatic skin and the ultrastructural changes in the dermal vessel walls described after PUVA treatment. It suggests, that the amorphous perivascular masses described in the psoriatic skin after PUsult of increased vascular permeability. PMID- 7359009 TI - The phospholipases A of epidermis. AB - Phospholipases A have been characterized in fetal rat epidermis. Both a calcium dependent phospholipase A with pH optimum of 8.5 and a calcium independent enzyme with a pH optimum of 4.5 were found. Activity against both acyl groups of phosphatidyl choline were found for both enzymes and the findings suggested that the acid enzyme (pH 4.5) is primarily phospholipase A1. The specificity of the alkaline enzyme with respect to acyl groups could not be determined due to the marked hydrolysis of lysophosphatidyl choline. Lysophospholipase activity had similar pH and calcium requirements as the alkaline phospholipase A and the 2 activities could not be dissociated in these experiments. The acid phospholipase was localized primarily in a fragile large particle fraction while the alkaline enzyme was present in various subcellular fractions and most active in the soluble supernatant. These findings demonstrate that epidermal phospholipases A are similar to those in other mammalian tissues. The presence of both acid and alkaline enzymes ar various subcellular loci suggest that the enzymes may play important roles in many facets of epidermal membrane metabolism and in particular in the degradative events of keratinization. PMID- 7359010 TI - Autosensitization to DNA. PMID- 7359008 TI - Regional development of the human epidermis in the first trimester embryo and the second trimester fetus (ages related to the timing of amniocentesis and fetal biopsy). AB - The epidermis was sampled from multiple body sites of whole human embryos and fetuses of 45- and 65-days, 16- and 21-weeks estimated gestation age to determine whether a regionally dependent, variable rate of interfollicular epidermal development exists. Surface characteristics and thickness of the epidermis were evaluated by scanning electron and light microscopy, respectively. It was concluded that all epidermal development proceeded simultaneously during the first trimester with the exception of the foot which was more advanced in both thickness and state of differentiation. During the second trimester the epidermis of both the head and the foot showed more precocious development, particularly in relation to the special sense organs and to the plantar surface. The interfollicular epidermis of the majority of the body, however, was approximately equivalent in the state of development. These data have potential relevance to prenatal diagnosis of inherited skin disease from amniocentesis and/or fetal biopsy specimens; the present survey of the total epidermal surface will allow one to predict the types of skin-derived cells that should be present in the amniotic fluid at a given age, and to evaluate a fetal biopsy from one region and be confident that it is an accurate index of fetal skin development, age and status in general. PMID- 7359011 TI - Chloroform-induced fibrinolysis. Its dependence on Hageman factor, plasma prekallikrein, and high molecular weight kininogen. AB - Incubation of normal human plasma or its euglobulin fraction with chloroform enhances the generation of proteolytic activity attributable to plasmin. The mechanisms involved remain unclear. Earlier, plasmin formation was found to be impaired in the chloroform-treated euglobulin fraction of Hageman trait plasma. We now demonstrate sharply reduced generation of fibrinolytic and caseinolytic activities in prekallikrein-deficient (Fletcher trait) and HMW kininogen deficient (Fitzgerald trait) plasmas as well. These defects were corrected by addition of the missing factors. In addition, precipitation of the euglobulin fraction of plasma activated small but measurable amounts of HF. With the use of 125I-HF, cleavage of the native molecule into its amino-terminal and carboxy terminal fragments occurred pari passu with the generation of plasmin. These experiments suggest that one pathway through which HF can bring about formation of plasmin in chloroform-treated euglobulin fractions involves the participation of plasma prekallikrein and HMW kininogen, presumably through mechanisms similar to those evoked by surface activation of HF. PMID- 7359012 TI - Defense of mouse red blood cells against oxidative damage by phenylhydrazine. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase deficiency. PMID- 7359013 TI - Copper chelating agents. A comparison of cupruretic responses to various tetramines and D-penicillamine. AB - Toxic or hypersensitivity reactions occur frequently with D-penicillamine therapy. Therefore there is a need for effective, well-tolerated alternative chelating agents to control the copper accumulation which occurs in Wilson's disease and some other chronic liver diseases. A group of tetramines (linear and macrocyclic) was surveyed for cupruretic activity and compared to D penicillamine. 2,3,2-Tetramine was the most effective agent when given either by gavage or intravenously. It was more effective than 2,2,2-tetramine (trien) or D penicillamine and, in addition, induced a more prolonged cupruresis. Despite their higher formation constants for copper, the macrocyclic tetramines did not induce a significant cupruresis. In this study, the 2,3,2-tetramine was the most effective agent for inducing a cupruresis in both normal and copper-loaded rats. If well tolerated by humans, it could become a useful agent for management of disorders characterized by copper accumulation. PMID- 7359014 TI - Impaired elimination of caffeine by oral contraceptive steroids. AB - The effect of OCS on the disposition and elimination of caffeine was examined. Caffeine (250 mg) was administered orally to 13 healthy males, nine healthy females taking no OCS, and nine healthy females on OCS. The t1/2 (beta) was significantly prolonged in women on OCS (10.7 +/- 3.0 hr vs. 6.2 +/- 1.6) (p less than 0.001) as compared to women taking no OCS. Women on OCS had a significantly lower total plasma clearance (0.79 +/- 0.21 ml/min/kg vs. 1.3 +/- 0.35) and free clearance (1.12 +/- 0.28 ml/min/kg vs. 1.97 +/- 0.57) that women not taking OCS. Volumes of distribution and plasma binding were similar in both groups of females. When women taking no OCS were compared with men, all pharmacokinetic parameters were similar except for volume of distribution, which was significantly larger in the women (p less than 0.05). We conclude that OCS impair the elimination of caffeine. PMID- 7359015 TI - Glucocorticoid suppression of human lymphocyte DNA synthesis: influence of phytohemagglutinin concentration. AB - Glucocorticoids have been shown to suppress lectin-stimulated lymphocyte DNA synthesis in some studies, whereas in other studies, the hormones have had little effect. We have found that the position on the PHA dose-response curve that is studied is the most important determinant of whether cortisol inhibits 3H thymidine incorporation into lymphocyte DNA. The proportion of monocytes in culture also influenced the cortisol effect, but it was quantitatively less important than PHA concentration. Cortisol (5 nM to 100 microM) had little effect on blastogenesis or thymidine incorporation into DNA in cultures that contained both a high concentration (14% +/- 2 (S.E.)) of monocytes and a concentration of PHA (0.6 to 1.2 microgram/ml) that produced maximal stimulation of mitogenesis. When monocytes were reduced from 14% to 1.4%, cortisol (5 microM) caused a 30% reduction in thymidine incorporation in cultures stimulated by 0.6 to 1.2 microgram/ml PHA. Much greater cortisol suppression of thymidine incorporation occurred if the concentration of PHA was reduced. For example, reduction of the PHA concentration from 1.2 to 0.075 microgram/ml resulted in an increase in suppression by 5 microM cortisol from 5% to 90% even in the presence of 14% monocytes. These data indicate that the suppressive effects of glucocorticoids on blastogenesis and thymidine incorporation in vitro depend principally on the concentration of PHA used to stimulate blastogenesis and secondarily on the proportion of monocytes in the culture system. PMID- 7359016 TI - Diagnostic electron microscopy. PMID- 7359017 TI - A clinical approach to the choice of antimicrobial agents. Case number 14: Acute pharyngitis. PMID- 7359018 TI - Spontaneous gastroduodenal fistula. PMID- 7359019 TI - Grand rounds. Hypereosinophilic syndrome: a review of clinical manifestations and therapy. PMID- 7359020 TI - Doctors and depression. PMID- 7359021 TI - Beyond the Ivory Tower: pediatric post-graduate training at U of L. PMID- 7359022 TI - Surgical reconstruction. PMID- 7359023 TI - Decompression injuries in the temporal bone. PMID- 7359024 TI - Ossicular lesions. PMID- 7359025 TI - Traumatic fistulae. PMID- 7359026 TI - Management of intratemporal facial nerve injuries. PMID- 7359027 TI - Evaluation of Eustachian tube function. PMID- 7359028 TI - Management of tubal function in reconstructive middle ear surgery. AB - On the basis of two otosurgical studies, endeavours to improve chronic dysfunction of the Eustachian tube are described. These included elimination of infection in the upper respiratory tract, pre-operative conservative treatment to the ear, per-operative inspection of the tympanic orifice and osseous tube, and removal of localized pathology at this site, as well as bouginage of the tube by a soft rubber bougie. Some of the results of treatment are presented. PMID- 7359031 TI - Permanent middle-ear aeration. PMID- 7359030 TI - Long-term assessment of ventilation tubes. PMID- 7359029 TI - Middle ear function in the cleft palate patient. PMID- 7359032 TI - Otology quiz. PMID- 7359033 TI - Malignant disease of the oropharynx. Diagnosis and assessment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 7359034 TI - The management of lymphoma in the oropharynx. PMID- 7359036 TI - The role of radiotherapy. PMID- 7359035 TI - Chronic tubal dysfunction. Pathology and immunology in relation to the Eustachian tube and middle ear. PMID- 7359037 TI - Surgical treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma. PMID- 7359038 TI - A psychologist looks at and treats pain. PMID- 7359039 TI - Input stage for vector lead system. PMID- 7359040 TI - Erythrocyte deformability: the determination of its importance and the importance of its determination. PMID- 7359041 TI - Some comments on medical diagnosis. PMID- 7359042 TI - Status of emergency medical care in a rural state: experience in Maine, 1975 1979. PMID- 7359044 TI - Anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7359043 TI - Adult onset stuttering: a case report. PMID- 7359045 TI - The CO2 laser in otolaryngology. PMID- 7359046 TI - Herniated intervertebral disc: an outline of the current diagnosis and management. PMID- 7359047 TI - Indications for computed body tomography. PMID- 7359048 TI - Intraoperative EEG monitoring during carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 7359049 TI - Fine needle aspiration breast biopsy: a six-year experience with 1034 aspirations. PMID- 7359050 TI - Diagnostic imperatives in internal medicine. The timely detection of treatable disease. The periodic health examination. PMID- 7359051 TI - Marriage and sexual activity. PMID- 7359052 TI - Anthropometric assessment of the nutritional status of children from birth to 60 months old from a water resource development area in Northeast Thailand- application of an international growth standard. PMID- 7359053 TI - The acute hemodynamic effect of furosemide in juvenile mitral stenosis. PMID- 7359054 TI - Disseminated actinomycosis: an autopsy case report. PMID- 7359055 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation complicating manual removal of placenta: a case report. PMID- 7359056 TI - Iron absorption from a standard reference dose, serum-ferritin, and its correlation. PMID- 7359057 TI - Initial treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding with estrogen--progestin combination. PMID- 7359058 TI - Intramyocardial activation in early ventricular arrhythmias following coronary artery ligation. AB - Subendocardial, subepicardial and intramyocardial activation in the ischemic zone was investigated in 20 anesthetized open chest dogs 0-30 minutes after the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Single and composite electrograms and lead 2 of the ECG were recorded. Coronary artery ligation produced marked delay, fragmentation, and reduction in amplitude in the electrical activity of the subepicardial and intramyocardial muscle layers. The activation remained synchronous in the subendocardial muscle layers. Extension of electrical activity in the ischemic subepicardium and intramyocardium beyond the T wave of the surface ECG preceded the onset of immediate ventricular arrhythmias (IVA) during the initial ten minute period after coronary artery ligation. However, a second surge of delayed ventricular arrhythmias (DVA), 10-30 minutes after ligation, was not associated with the appearance of diastolic electrical activity in any of the subepicardial or myocardial layers. It appears that subepicardial as well as intramyocardial reentry could play an important role in the genesis of the immediate ventricular arrhythmias (1-10 minutes after ligation). In contrast, no obvious reentrant activity as evidenced by delayed and fragmented electrical activity could be observed in the electrogram from any of the myocardial electrical activity could be observed in the electrogram from any of the myocardial layers with the appearance of delayed ventricular ectopic activity 10-30 minutes after ligation. PMID- 7359059 TI - Arrhythmia diagnosis by the IBM electrocardiogram analysis program. AB - A comparative study was made between rhythm diagnosis by computer using the IBM ECG program (Bonner-I), and diagnosis by a physician, 2434 electrocardiograms (ECGs) recorded in Kitasato University Hospital from July to August 1978 were used. Of the 2434 cases the physician made a diagnosis of sinus rhythm in 2185 and of abnormal (other than sinus) rhythm in 249. Among theformer, 32 cases were erroneously classified into abnormal groups by the computer (false positive), and in 30 out of the latter 249 cases, the computer failed to detect abnormalities (false negative). In the remaining 219 cases, 33 of 57 cases of sinus rhythm with VPCs, 19 of 41 sinus rhythm with SVPCs, and 62 of 64 atrial fibrillation were correctly diagnosed by the computer. In 27 out of the 219 cases "undetermined rhythm" was printed out after an unsuccessful dominant rhythm determination by the computer. Cases of artificial pacemaker were not recognized by the computer, but were distributed into 7 classification categories. We were of the opinion that if the computer program had utilized the information on the duration of QRS complexes these cases could have been correctly classified. We repeated ECG sampling and analysis in the cases of complicated arrhythmias, because more valuable information was often supplied by the computer after successive ECG recording. From these results we concluded that the usefulness of the IBM ecg program was confirmed concerning the recognition of sinus rhythm, whereas the detection and identification of complex rhythm disturbances by the computer program was still in need of improvement. PMID- 7359060 TI - Properties of the fibers in the pathways along the anterior and posterior portions of the left A-V ring. AB - A comparison was made of the electrophysiological properties of the fibers between the previously reported conduction pathways from the left atrium to the right atrium and to the ventricle (left A-V ring pathways) and the ordinary atrial muscle, using perfused isolated rabbit hearts. Each fiber within these pathways showed action potential with a well-developed plateau phase. The plateau phase of these action potentials was distinctly shortened by an infusion of 1 x 10-6 g/ml of acetylcholine. When the heart was perfused by Tyrode solution with 15 mM KCl, the trans-membrane potential of the ordinary atrial muscle fiber showed a decrease of resting potential and of amplitude of action potential. The fibers within these pathways, however, were more resistant to the high potassium solution than the ordinary atrial fibers. A slow diastolic depolarization was observed in the fibers of the pathway when 1-isoproterenol (1 x 10-5 g/ml) was applied locally. These findings suggest that the fibers within the left A-B ring pathways possess similar electrophysiological properties to the specialized fibers in the atria. PMID- 7359061 TI - Nonuniform epicardial depolarizations during coronary occlusion in dogs. AB - Epicardial electrograms were recorded before and after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The greatest difference between the post occlusion and pre-occlusion depolarization times were determined. These times were referred to as the normalized times of greatest disparity, delta tmax. It was found that following both one- and two-stage occlusion of the LAD there was a significant increase in delta tmax in the ischemic area of the myocardium. This indicates increased asynchrony of depolarization. However, no significant change in depolarization times occurred in the unaffected area. In one-stage occlusion with an increase in delta t max there was a linear correlation with the development of ventricular arrhythmias, especially ventricular premature beats and tachycardia. Thus, there is evidence which links the increase in depolarization times with the mechanism of reentry and ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 7359062 TI - Effects of verapamil and propranolol on ventricular vulnerability after coronary reperfusion. AB - This study was designed to determine whether or not verapamil and propranolol affect the lowering of the ventricular multiple response threshold (VMRT) that is seen following release of a previously ligated coronary artery. In mongrel dogs, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 15 min and then the ligation was released. The dogs were divided into three groups: in the control group, saline was administrated immediately before the release of ligation; in the two other groups, verapamil or propranolol were administrated immediately before the release of ligation. In the control group, VMRT was decreased during coronary occlusion and did not recover immediately after coronary recirculation. That is, significantly lowered values were observed at 5 and 10 min after reperfusion. The administration of verapamil prevented the lowering of VMRT after reperfusion, whereas propranolol had no effect. In all three groups, an increase in the difference of the concentration of K+ between the great cardiac vein and the femoral vein (delta K+) was observed soon after occlusion; however, delta K+ returned to normal soon after reperfusion. These results and the known anti arrhythmic mechanism of verapamil suggests that Ca++-dependent action potentials might play an important role in lowering VMRT after release of a previously occluded coronary artery, whereas the effects of K+ and catecholamine do not play a role in causing the lowering of VMRT. PMID- 7359063 TI - Optimal coding of electrocardiograms for epidemiological studies. The performance of human coders - astatistical model. AB - A statistical model is introduced to characterize the ECG coding process when multiple coding is performed by human readers. Triplicate reading and arbitration of disagreements would considerably reduce the miss rate with a concomitant increase in cost and effort. The results suggest that the use of the majority rule (acceptance of the most common code from multiple, blinded individual codings) is inappropriate for ECG coding. The model proposed gives a plausible explanation to the observed high miss rate in coding of rare events in spite of duplicate reading and arbitration of disagreements. The main problem identified is the high individual miss rate in a fraction of "difficult" ECG records suggested that efficient use of computer programs and visual verification may be required to reduce coding errors to an acceptable level. PMID- 7359064 TI - Atypical electrocardiogram in acute pericarditis: characteristics and prevalence. AB - Stage One ST segment deviations are virtually diagnostic of acute pericarditis when typically distributed among limb and precordial ECG tracings. Atypical ECG responses include absence of ST deviations, which conceals the diagnosis, and restricted distribution of ST deviations, which suggests myocardial injury. Among 44 consecutive patients with acute pericarditis, 19 (43%) had atypical ECGs. Although all 19 had a pericardial rub, eight had no ST deviations in the limb leads and seven developed no ST changes, including three with no ECG abnormalities of any kind. Patients with typical ECGs by ST segment criteria were more likely to progress to T wave inversion. PR segment deviations occurred in 14 patients with typical, and 14 with atypical ECGs. In four of the latter, the PR segment shifts were the only ECG sign. Presence or absence of heart disease and etiology of pericarditis could not be statistically associated with particular electrocardiographic responses. PMID- 7359065 TI - Effects of verapamil on action potentials of Purkinje fibers. AB - The effects of verapamil (1 and 2 micro M) on automaticity, membrane responsiveness curve and action potential configuration were studied in canine Purkinje fibers using conventional microelectrode techniques. The drug effects were concentration dependent, and more statistically significant changes were obtained during superfusion with 2 micron M verapamil. In spontaneously active fibers, the rate of discharge was decreased due to a decrease in the phase 4 depolarization. Verapamil failed to produce a consistent shift in the membrane responsiveness curve (Vmax versus take-off membrane potentials), although the development of early, slow action potentials was blocked. This blocking resulted in an increased effective refractory period and a shortened membrane responsiveness curve at the lower end. Maximum diastolic potential and action potential amplitude were decreased, and action potential duration was increased by verapamil. The results suggest that verapamil may selectively depress or block the slower action potentials which are thought to be important in the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 7359066 TI - Confidence regions of planar cardiac vectors. AB - A method is presented for plotting the 90%, 95%, and 99% confidence regions of planar cardiac vectors based on the bivariate normal distribution. PMID- 7359067 TI - Dependence of defibrillation threshold upon extracellular/intracellular K+ concentrations. AB - The effect of increasing extracellular potassium concentration (Ko) upon electrical ventricular defibrillation threshold was investigated in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs treated with intravenous potassium chloride. Defibrillation threshold fell duirng potassium intoxication. The percent decrease in defibrillation threshold was linearly related to the logarithm of Ko and to the potassium equilibrium potential (Ek), calculated from measured extracellular and intracellular potassium concentrations of ventricular muscle. In dogs supported by left ventricular bypass in order to maintain the circulation during potassium intoxication, the values of Ko and Ek required for spontaneous, K+ induced defibrillation (electrical defibrillation threshold = zero) were 16.6 mEq/L and 46 mV compared to the normal values of 3.9 mEq/L and -84 mV. Changes in defibrillation threshold related to changes in Ek may be significant events in digitalis intoxication and in myocardial anoxia during prolonged fibrillation. PMID- 7359068 TI - Swallowing-induced paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. AB - This report describes an unusual case of swallowing-induced paroxysmal supraventricular (atrial or junctional) tachycardia in a young man without evidence of organic cardiac or esophageal disease. The arrhythmia was apparently potentiated by excessive coffee ingestion. Unlike swallowing-induced brady arrhythmias which are due to vago-vagal mechanisms, the supraventricular tachycardia in the present case may have been related to an adrenergic reflex. PMID- 7359069 TI - Enhanced atrioventricular nodal conduction in a patient with dual extranodal pathways. AB - A patient was admitted to the hospital with wide complex tachycardia and a history of recurrent palpitations. Electrophysiologic studies showed evidence of dual atrioventricular (AV) accessory pathways. One proved to be an anteroseptal (possible right anterior) pathway probably capable of only unidirectional conduction. The other pathway was in the posterior septum and conducted only in the retrograde direction. The tachycardia circuit involved anterograde conduction via either the AV node-His axis or the anteroseptal pathway and retroconduction over the posteroseptal accessory pathway. In addition, enhanced AV nodal conduction coupled with two accessory AV nodal pathways has rarely been described in English medical literature. Previous reports have carefully described anatomic, electrocardiographic, and electrophysiologic evidence of more than one accessory pathway in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The introduction of surgical techniques for ablation of an accessory pathway demands precision in the electrophysiologic evaluation of patients with ventricular preexcitation. Reported herein is a patient with the unique finding of two extranodal accessory pathways and enhanced atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction (or AV nodal bypass). PMID- 7359070 TI - Recognition of myocardial infarction complicated by left anterior hemiblock: a diagnostic dilemma. AB - A patient with acute extensive anterior and old inferior wall myocardial infarction developed left anterior hemiblock, resulting in loss of the electrocardiographic evidence of infarction. While the vectorcardiogram has generally been found useful in diagnosing coexistent hemiblock and inferior myocardial infarction, serial vectorcardiographic studies failed to identify myocardial infarction masked by the development of left anterior hemiblock in this case. This report highlights the occasional diagnostic problem posed by the association of this conduction abnormality with myocardial infarction and emphasizes the need for careful evaluation of patients with history of chest pain and left anterior hemiblock on the electrocardiogram. PMID- 7359071 TI - R wave increase in partial and global ischemia. PMID- 7359072 TI - In-vitro steroidogenesis of newly formed corpora lutea and the non-luteal ovary in the rat, rabbit, hamster and guinea-pig. PMID- 7359073 TI - A method for isolation by gel electrofocusing of isohormones B and C of human prolactin from amniotic fluid. AB - Human prolactin from amniotic fluid, consisting of isohormones B and C (major), was radio-iodinated after storage of the hormone for 3 years at -70 degrees C, and yielded a Ferguson plot in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that was indistinguishable from the original except that the zones of isohormone B and C were fused. However, isohormones B and C of 125I-labelled human prolactin were separated on isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel, using Ampholine carrier ampholytes (pI range 5-8), taurine (pI 5.1) as anolyte and beta-alanine (pI 6.9) as catholyte. After 20 h of electrofocusing at 0-4 degrees C, 1000 V, both isohormones reached constant pH (isoelectric) positions on the gel. The apparent isoelectric points of human prolactin B and C were 5.96. Micro-preparative gel electrofocusing followed by excision and re-electrofocusing of the gel slices containing human prolactin B and C, yielded zones of homogeneous isohormones B and C. PMID- 7359074 TI - Free and protein-bound tri-iodothyronine in the serum of vitamin A-deficient rats. AB - Tri-iodothyronine (T3) transport in the serum of rats on a vitamin A-deficient diet was studied by electrophoresis after the incubation of serum samples with radioactive T3. The level of serum free tri-iodothyronine (fT3) was measured by radioimmunoassay after serum chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 gel. In the serum of control rats a major part of the radioactivity was bound to the albumin zone (61%) and a minor part to the prealbumin zone (32%). In the serum of vitamin A deficient rats a larger amount of radioactivity was bound to the postalbumin zone; the lower the level of vitamin A in serum, the greater was the radioactivity in this zone of the electrophoretogram. In these animals there was also a negative correlation between the serum vitamin A and the fT3. There was also a positive correlation between the radioactivity bound to the postalbumin zone and the fT3. The possible causes and effects of these modifications in vitamin A-deficient rats are discussed. PMID- 7359075 TI - Difference in concentration of progesterone in plasma between pregnant and non pregnant quokkas (Setonix brachyurus). AB - The plasma progesterone concentrations during pregnancy and the oestrous cycle of the quokka were measured daily after each had been initiated by the removal of pouch young. Progesterone levels ranged from 0.6 ng/ml in the early stages of the oestrous cycle to about 2.5 ng/ml at the peak of the luteal phase. There was no significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant states before the removal of the pouch young nor in the latter half of the cycle. However, the plasma progesterone concentration on days 3--4 after removal of the pouch young was significantly greater in pregnant animals when compared with non-pregnant animals at the same stage and also when compared with the levels before removal of young. This early peak in the concentration of progesterone in peripheral plasma is discussed in relation to the development of the previously dormant blastocyst. PMID- 7359076 TI - Reversal by arginine-vasotocin of the effects of pinealectomy on the amount of 5 hydroxytryptamine in the hypothalamus and the concentrations of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the plasma of immature male rats. AB - Pinealectomy in immature (25-day-old) male Wistar rats significantly decreased the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the hypothalamus and increased concentrations of plasma LH and FSH 3 days after surgery. Extremely small amounts (10(-4) pg) of arginine-vasotocin (AVT) injected into the third ventricle (pineal recess) 5 min after pinealectomy completely prevented the decrease in the hypothalamic content of 5-HT and the increase in the concentration of LH and FSH in the plasma. It is suggested that AVT prevented the increase of plasma levels of LH and FSH after pinealectomy by increasing levels of 5-HT at postsynaptic receptor sites. PMID- 7359077 TI - The physiological significance of androgen-induced ovulation in the hen. AB - The ovulation-inducing property of androgens in the laying hen was investigated. In a first experiment, four different androgens were injected subcutaneously into single-comb White Leghorn hens on the day of the last oviposition of a sequence. The hens were killed 10 h later and examined for the presence of an ovum in the oviduct. Testosterone induced ovulation in accordance to the dose injected (median effective dose, 966 +/- 193 microgram/hen) but the responses to 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol were not dose related. The effect of 4-androstene-3, 17-dione was more like that of progesterone since it induced ovulation 2 h earlier than the three other androgens. The physiological significance of the ovulation response to an injection of testosterone was examined in more detail in experiment 2. Seven out of ten hens which were injected with 1 mg testosterone/kg body weight ovulated within 10 h after the injection. Blood samples were taken at hourly intervals and the concentrations of testosterone and progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay. An injection of testosterone produced an increase in the concentration of testosterone in plasma which was considerably greater and occurred earlier than the preovulatory increase of testosterone in the control birds. The increase in the concentration of progesterone in the hens injected with testosterone was similar in magnitude but occurred earlier than the spontaneous preovulatory increase of progesterone in the control hens. The possible physiological role of testosterone in the ovulation cycle is discussed. PMID- 7359078 TI - Presence of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in bull seminal plasma. AB - Levels of FSH and LH were estimated in a crude powder of seminal plasma pooled from bulls. The FSH concentration in the seminal plasma was approximately 100 times greater than that in the circulation. The receptor-binding activity of LH in the seminal plasma was very low compared with that in blood. The FSH in bull seminal plasma was partially purified and found to be identical to ovine pituitary FSH in its ability to bind to bull testicular receptor, in its immunological reactivity and also in its chromatographic and electrophoretic properties. The partially purified LH in bull seminal plasma was more acidic than ovine pituitary LH as shown by disc electrophoresis. It showed low binding characteristics that were not parallel to pituitary LH in the specific radioreceptor assay. The significance of the inverse relationship between the levels of FSH and LH in seminal and blood plasma is unknown. PMID- 7359079 TI - Peripheral concentrations of progesterone, cortisol, aldosterone, sodium and potassium in the plasma of the Tadmit ewe during pregnancy and parturition. PMID- 7359080 TI - Measurement of tamoxifen in serum by thin-layer densitometry. AB - A method is described for the determination of tamoxifen in serum. The drug was extracted from the serum and separated from its metabolites by thin-layer chromatography. Irradiation of the thin-layer plate with ultra-violet light after development converted tamoxifen to a fluorescent product which could be estimated in situ by densitometry. The fluorescent product was identified as a substituted phenanthrene by thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. The method allowed concentrations as low as 6.8 nmol/l serum to be measured. After an oral dose of tamoxifen (10 mg) to a female patient the maximum serum concentration (66.2 nmol/l) was achieved in 3 h. When 10 mg tamoxifen were taken twice daily for 21 days by the same patient serum concentrations of about 500 nmol/l were achieved. PMID- 7359081 TI - Autoradiographic study of lysine and arginine incorporation stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone in the mouse testis in vivo. AB - Hypophysectomized adult mice were given injections of highly purified FSH 12 h before killing, and of tritiated lysine or arginine 2 h before killing. Autoradiographs were prepared from paraffin wax sections of testes. Treatment with FSH increased the density of silver grains over the nuclei of the Sertoli cells and of all types of germinal cell except the early spermatids. The stimulatory effect of GSH on incorporation of both lysine and arginine was most marked in the nuclei of preleptotene primary spermatocytes. The ratio of arginine to lysine incorporation was greater in spermatids undergoing nuclear elongation than in other types of cell. PMID- 7359082 TI - Circa-annual rhythms of prolactin secretion in ewes and the effect of pinealectomy. PMID- 7359084 TI - Serological and biochemical identification of hybrid Ia antigens. AB - Ia specificities 22 and 23 were found to be determinants on hybrid Ia molecules by serological and biochemical studies. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated splenic lymphocytes from (B10 X B10.D2)F1 expressed Ia.22 although both the parents were negative. Similarly [D2.GD X B10.A(5R)]F1 cells expressed Ia.23, whereas D2.GD and B10.A(5R) lacked it. Ia.22 can be generated by gene complementation of Ak-Ek, Ab-Ed, Ab-Ek, As-Ed, and As-Ek, whereas Ia.23 can be generated by Ad-Ed, Ad-Ek, and Ad-Ep. Other possible complementing combinations are under study. The role of Ia.22 and 23 in mixed lymphocyte reactions and immune responses are discussed. PMID- 7359083 TI - Fibronectin is produced by human macrophages. AB - Monocyte-enriched cultures were prepared from human blood mononuclear leukocytes by adherence to growth substratum. Synthesis and secretion of fibronectin was detected in these cultures concomitantly with morphological differentiation, starting on day 3--5. Production of fibronectin by macrophages was documented by metabolic labeling followed by immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis, radioimmunoassay specific for human fibronectin, and by indirect immunofluorescence. Fibronectin was detected mainly intracellularly but was also detected pericellularly only in minute amounts. No production of collagenous proteins was seen in these cultures. Macrophage fibronectin might act in vivo as a nonspecific opsonin and promote cell adhesion during macrophage migration in tissues. PMID- 7359086 TI - Effect of sample preparation on cerebrospinal fluid protein patterns in polyacrylamide gels. AB - The method of preparing CSF and dilute serum samples for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has a marked effect on the pattern of the resolved proteins. The incorporation of sucrose or glycerol into the sample seriously impairs the quality of the resolution and affects the actual number of bands resolved and the relative mobility of certain proteins. The use of sucrose as an anti-convection medium in dense samples such as serum and CSF is not recommended. PMID- 7359085 TI - Generation of a lymphocyte growth factor by treatment of human cells with neuraminidase and galactose oxidase. AB - Supernates of neuraminidase and galactose oxidase (NAGO)-treated lymphocytes induce blastogenesis in nonproliferating cells harvested 7--14 d after treatment with mitogen or alloantigen and in cells incubated with mitogen for 7--14 d but not in freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes9 Virtually all the growth factor is produced by NAGO-treated cells during the first 24 h of incubation, and no increase in factor activity is detected upon further cell culture. Serum is not required for growth factor production. NAGO-primed medium induces generation of specific cytotoxic T cells from mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) memory cells to approximately the same extent as that induced by allogeneic cells (stimulating cells in the primary MLC). NAGO-primed medium provides a useful reagent for isolation and characterization of lymphocyte growth factors and other lymphokines. PMID- 7359087 TI - A survey report on the determination of total bilirubin in neonatal samples. AB - Three surveys were organized in the Rotterdam area with respect to the determination of total bilirubin in neonatal sera. Fifteen hospital laboratories participated. The coefficients of variation dropped from about 15% (survey 1) to about 8% (survey 3). This improvement was reached by discussing the techniques used, and in some cases by changing them. PMID- 7359088 TI - Studies on the fate of defined asialoglycoproteins in the circulation of the mouse. AB - Asialoglycoproteins injected into the tail vein of mice accumulated rapidly in the liver, as found in rats and rabbits by other authors, whereas the native glycoprotein remained in the serum for much longer periods of time. Histological examination of liver sections after the injection of radiolabelled asialoglycoproteins failed to show any binding to the hepatocyte membrane. However, silver grains were observed in the sinuses of the liver and often appeared to be bound to the sinus wall. In addition, small amounts of label in the reticulo-endothelial system of the spleen were observed. A comparison in the uptake of asialoglycoproteins by the liver, between those with alkali-labile galactose-containing (AL) chains and those with alkali-stable galactose containing (AS) chains, showed that the former were taken up more slowly. There was no correlation between total galactose content and rate of hepatic uptake. Asialoglycoproteins with AS chains could not inhibit the uptake in the liver of those with AL chains. However, when the order was reversed, the uptake of AS containing asialoglycoproteins was inhibited by 50%. Different mechanisms to explain these results are discussed. PMID- 7359089 TI - [Description of a computer system for the emergency medical laboratory (author's transl)]. AB - An original computer system is described, which produces lists of specimens received, work sheets for the technicians and patient reports. The computer system functions continually around the clock and can be operated by laboratory staff. Patients reports are edited in usual units and in SI units, which decreases problems associated with the introduction of the SI system. The inclusion of a preventive quality control increases the quality of the results. Cumulative storage of biological and clinical data makes it possible to perform statistical calculations, and to determine physiological and pathological variations of biochemical components. PMID- 7359090 TI - Kinetic determination of serum glucose by use of the hexokinase/glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase method. AB - We have developed a kinetic fixed-time approach for the quantitative determination of serum glucose by use of the hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase method. To achieve a large measuring range, we have apparently increased the Michaelis constant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase through addition of the competitive inhibitor ATP. By this means, serum samples with glucose concentrations up to 55.5 mmol/l could be analyzed without pre-dilution. The method has been adapted to the ENI GEMSAEC analyzer and to the LKB 2086 Mark II analyzer. It yielded satisfactory results with regard to precision. A comparison of the kinetic procedure with the manual end-point method showed good agreement. No interferences from hemoglobin, bilirubin, or lipemia have been observed. PMID- 7359091 TI - [Comparative study of the diagnostic value of disc electrophoresis of urinary proteins and measurement of the excretion of N-acetylglucosaminidase for the detection of renal tubule damage in chronic polyarthritis (author's transl)]. AB - A method is described for the determination of the enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase in gel-filtered urine. The individual reaction parameters were tested, and the reliability of the method was determined. The stability of the enzyme in urine was investigated at different temperatures over a 6 week period. The excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, like the analysis of urinary proteins by disc electrophoresis, is a sensitive parameter for renal damage. The two methods were compared, using 50 random urine samples from patients with chronic polyarthritis; both methods were found to have equal diagnostic value. PMID- 7359092 TI - [Diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid: the use of semiquantitative rapid tests. Investigation of the adsorbance of proteins to glass and plastic tubes (author's transl)]. AB - The semiquantitative rapid tests used in the present study proved to be sufficiently sensitive for the estimation of erythrocytes in CSF samples, but they were inadequate with respect to the estimation of less than 100 microliter mononuclear and less than 10/microliter segmental neutrophilic leucocytes, of bilirubin, and albumin. Plastic tubes and cuvettes (e.g. of polystyrol) did not adsorb IgG, IgA, albumin or prealbumin from CSF samples, but adsorbed up to 80% of each purified single protein. PMID- 7359094 TI - The past twenty years a premarital intercourse. PMID- 7359093 TI - The pathologist and the surgeon. PMID- 7359095 TI - How dermatologist view pathologists. PMID- 7359096 TI - An oncologist's view. PMID- 7359097 TI - Pathology's influence on current obstetrical and gynecological practice. PMID- 7359098 TI - Recent advances in the clinical hematology laboratory: the diagnosis of anemia. PMID- 7359099 TI - Normal platelet function. PMID- 7359100 TI - Platelet function studies: clinical applications. PMID- 7359101 TI - A pathologist's view of the bone marrow. PMID- 7359102 TI - Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: morphologic features. PMID- 7359103 TI - Medico-legal death investigation in Florida. PMID- 7359104 TI - The role of the medical examiner in determining time of death in brain dead patients. PMID- 7359106 TI - Pediatric nuclear medicine. PMID- 7359105 TI - Neonatal screening for congenital disorders. PMID- 7359107 TI - Transfusion mortality; with special reference to surgical and intensive care facilities. PMID- 7359108 TI - Bloodletting--resurrection of an old medical practice (a discussion of therapeutic pheresis). PMID- 7359109 TI - On bringing order from chaos: rational thyroid replacement therapy. PMID- 7359110 TI - Histiocytoid hemangioma. A proposal of a new entity which embraces previously described diseases of heart, blood vessels, skin, bone and other sites. PMID- 7359111 TI - Estrogen and progesterone receptors in human breast cancer. PMID- 7359112 TI - Time for renewal. PMID- 7359113 TI - Physician misconduct--new trial. PMID- 7359114 TI - Scope of professional liability insurance coverage. PMID- 7359115 TI - Secial issue on pathology. PMID- 7359116 TI - Retinochrome and rhodopsin in the extraocular photoreceptor of the squid, Todarodes. AB - The deep-sea squid, Todarodes pacificus, possesses well-developed parolfactory vesicles as extraocular photoreceptors connected with the brain. The ventral set of vesicles forms a thread approximately 3mm long and looks orange owing to photopigments. The vesicle mainly consists of receptor cells, each of which is similar in structure to the visual cell, carrying rhabdomeres in the distal process and lamellated myeloid bodies in the proximal part. Recently we noticed that a crude extract of the vesicles is capable of isomerizing retinal from all trans to the 11-cis form in the light, and confirmed that the vesicles in fact contained retinochrome in addition to rhodopsin. This is the first time that retinochrome has been detected in any place other than ocular tissues. The optical and chemical nature of these photopigments is the same as that we have observed in the Todarodes retina. Quantitative extractions have shown that the total yield of photopigments is approximately 0.0006 in absorbance at lambda max (light path, 10 mm) per milliliter per thread of vesicles, and that the amount of retinochrome in the vesicles is roughly equivalent to that of rhodopsin. Whereas rhodopsin is located in the rhabdomal membranes, retinochrome is probably associated with lamellated structures and their derivatives in the cytoplasm. In the parolfactory vesicles, retinochrome may also cooperate with rhodopsin in the same way as has been discussed for retinal photoreception. PMID- 7359117 TI - Electrophysiological properties of resting secretory membranes of lamellibranch mantles. Interaction between calcium and potassium. AB - This study concerns the effects of ions on the shell-secreting membrane of clam mantles. The average resting potentials were --47 mV for freshwater mantles and - 60 mV for marine mantles. Elevation of potassium in the absence of chloride gave a maximal slope of depolarization equivalent to 59 mV for a 10-fold change in the marine form but much less in the freshwater form. In normal potassium, a 10-fold reduction in calcium produced a hyperpolarization of 6 mV for the freshwater mantle. Neither reduction nor elevation of calcium affected the potential of marine mantles in the presence of normal potassium, but a hyperpolarization of 8 mV occurred when calcium was deleted in a low-potassium medium. Elevated calcium reduced the depolarization induced by raised potassium in both species and resulted in an increased effective membrane resistance in marine mantles. Lowered calcium enhanced the hyperpolarization caused by reduction in potassium in freshwater mantles but not in the marine species. Replacement of chloride by large anions produced transient depolarization in both freshwater and marine mantles and resulted in a maintained increased effective membrane resistance in marine mantles. The effects of sodium and magnesium on the membrane potential were not significant in normal potassium. We conclude that the secretory membrane of freshwater and marine clam mantles is permeable mainly to potassium and chloride, and that responses of the membrane potential to calcium are mediated through its effect on the permeability to potassium. PMID- 7359119 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy in Parkinson's syndrome with "on-off" phenomenon. PMID- 7359118 TI - Survival of K+ permeability and gating currents in squid axons perfused with K+ free media. AB - K+ currents were recorded in squid axons internally perfused with impermeant electrolyte. Total absence of permeant ions inside and out leads to an irreversible loss of potassium conductance with a time constant of approximately 11 min at 8 degrees C. Potassium channels can be protected against this effect by external K+, Cs+, NH4+, and Rb+ at concentrations of 100-440 mM. These experiments suggest that a K+ channel is normally occupied by one or more small cations, and becomes nonfunctional when these cations are removed. A large charge movement said to be related to K+ channel gating in frog skeletal muscle is absent in squid giant axons. However, deliberate destruction of K+ conductance by removal of permeant cations is accompanied by measurable loss in asymmetric charge movement. This missing charge component is large enough to contain a contribution from K+ gating charge movements of more than five elementary charges per channel. PMID- 7359120 TI - Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and histamine-N-methyltransferase (HNMT) in the pineal gland of the vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus). AB - The activities of three methylating enzymes HIOMT, COMT, and HNMT were determined in pineal glands from 2 groups of adult vizcachas of both sexes, one (I) maintained under permanent lighting (15 days) and the other (II) kept in darkness. The control determinations (III) were carried out in pineal glands from animals hunted and killed during the night. In (I) the HIOMT activity decreased and the COMT activity increased; no changes were exhibited by HNMT. In (II) showed a diminished HIOMT activity. In captivity illumination affected HIOMT and COMT activites in a similar form to that observed in other species of rodents. The decrease in HIOMT activity in (II) suggests that captivity may affect pineal function, possibly as a consequence of a decrease in locomotor activity. PMID- 7359122 TI - REM ocular activity in Parkinsonian patients chronically treated with levodopa. AB - REM ocular activity of levodopa treated Parkinsonian patients was compared to REM ocular activity of normal young adults. REM densities were significantly higher in patients than in normal controls. This difference was most prominent after 10 min of REM sleep. Previous findings that levodopa treated patients reported usually vivid and detailed dreams suggest that increase in REM ocular activity is underlying the new dreaming experiences. PMID- 7359121 TI - Clonidine: attenuation of sedative action by facilitated central noradrenergic neurotransmission. AB - Administration of clonidine, 0.05 mg/kg i.p. to mice 30 min before trial significantly depressed the exploration of a Y-maze. This effect was completely antagonized by 1-amphetamine, 0.75 mg/kg i.p., given 10 min before trial, which by itself did not change the behaviour studied. The clonidine-induced behavioural depression also appeared reduced after pretreatment with desipramine (10 mg/kg i.p., 30 min before clonidine) which, like l-amphetamine, by itself was inactive. The above treatment with clonidine significantly reduced the accumulation of dopa after inhibition of central aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase both in the noradrenaline (NA) rich neocortex and the dopamine-rich neocortex and the dopamine-rich corpus striatum, whereas the dopa accumulation in the limbic brain regions was not significantly affected. l-Amphetamine, 0.75 mg/kg i.p., did not by itself significantly affect the dopa accumulation, but reduced the clonidine induced effects. The results are compatible with the notion that the depression of exploratory behaviour by clonidine is related to impaired central NA neurotransmission and rule out the possibility that it is due to activation of central post-synaptic NA-(alpha-)-receptors. PMID- 7359123 TI - Serum dopamine beta hydroxylase activity and metoclopramide provocative test in torsion dystonia. AB - A familial study of 13 Ashkenasy Jewish patients suffering from torsion dystonia (TD) of various origin, was carried out using clinical observation and determination of serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity. None of the following criteria: Jewish origin, dominant trait, slow progression and axial topography are specific for an elevated serum DBH activity. A significantly high serum DBH activity was found in TD patients and their relatives compared with controls, particularly in the childhood onset group. Intravenous injection of 20 mg Metoclopramide (MP) did not change serum DBH activity in 12 patients and 17 relatives. In one patient with symptomatic dystonia and two of her maternal relatives (from different fathers) serum DBH activity increased after i.v. injection of MP. In these three cases the serum DBH activity doubled and tripled. It is suggested that the MP induced elevation of serum DBH activity in relatives of TD patients indicates a genetic disposition. PMID- 7359124 TI - Catcholamine and acetylcholine levels of the kidney in weanling rats fed a choline-deficient diet. PMID- 7359125 TI - Increased incorporation of [3H]fucose into chick brain glycoproteins following training on a passive avoidance task. PMID- 7359127 TI - First exposure of dark-reared rats to light increases colchicine binding capacity of visual cortex. PMID- 7359126 TI - Passive avoidance learning results in region-specific changes in concentration of and incorporation into colchicine-binding proteins in the chick forebrain. PMID- 7359128 TI - Lack of Na"-independent binding of [3H]GABA or [3H]muscimol to particulate fractions of cultured astroblasts. PMID- 7359129 TI - Cerebellum gangliosides in postnatal rats. PMID- 7359130 TI - Neuronal and extraneuronal effects of intracisternally administered 6 hydroxydopamine on the developing rat brain. PMID- 7359132 TI - Allosteric properties of ox brain nicotinamide--adenine dinucleotide dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7359131 TI - Time course and localization of the effects of estrogen on glutamic acid decarboxylase activity. PMID- 7359133 TI - Neurites and somata of sensory and sympathetic neurons in culture contain multiple species of gangliosides. PMID- 7359135 TI - Regulation of GABA metabolism in discrete rabbit brain regions under methoxypyridoxine--regional differences in cofactor saturation and the preictal activation of glutamate decarboxylase activity. PMID- 7359134 TI - The effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid on substrate-level phosphorylation in brain mitochondria. PMID- 7359136 TI - Glycosidases and cerebellar ontogenesis in the rat. PMID- 7359137 TI - The characterization of the alpha-subunits of 7S nerve growth factor. PMID- 7359138 TI - Studies on polyadenylic acid-containing RNA from the developing nervous system of the chicken. PMID- 7359139 TI - Histamine H1-receptor binding sites in guinea pig brain membranes: regulation of agonist interactions by guanine nucleotides and cations. PMID- 7359140 TI - Retrograde inhibition of transmitter release by ATP. PMID- 7359141 TI - Elevated monoamine levels in the cerebral hemispheres of microencephalic rats treated prenatally with methylazoxymethanol or cytosine arabinoside. PMID- 7359142 TI - Lipid investigation of central and peripheral nervous system in connatal Pelizaeus-Merzbacher's disease. PMID- 7359143 TI - High-affinity uptake of (RS)-nipecotic acid in astrocytes cultured from mouse brain. Comparison with GABA transport. PMID- 7359144 TI - Changes in the levels and forms of cholinesterases in the blood plasma of normal and dystrophic chickens. PMID- 7359145 TI - Regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor concentration in cloned neuroblastoma cells. PMID- 7359146 TI - Relation between benign course of multiple sclerosis and low-grade humoral immune response in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - The prognosis in multiple sclerosis (MS) is related to the presence of an abnorma humoral immune response within the central nervous system: 14/17 MS patients (82%) without oligoclonal CSF IgG displayed no or slight disability after a mean duration of MS of 17 years, while 53% of 88 patients with oligoclonal CSF IgG had a benign course after a mean duration of 13 years (p less than 0.05). A benign course also was more often accompanied by a normal CSF IgG index. MS patients without oligoclonal CSF IgG had elevated CSF/serum ratios of albumin in 6%, and of the complement factors C3 in 0% and C4 in 6%, as against 20%, 27% and 37%, respectively, in MS patients with oligoclonal CSF IgG. PMID- 7359147 TI - Levels of linoleate and arachidonate in red blood cells of healthy individuals and patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - The major fatty acids were measured in total lipid extracts of red blood cells from 23 control subjects and 31 patients with multiple sclerosis. In the healthy control subjects an inverse correlation (r = -0.83) was found between the percentages of linoleate and arachidonate. In the patients such an inverse correlation was not found. The results suggest an abnormality in the red blood cells of patients with multiple sclerosis specifically with regard to the regulation of the relative amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, and this has implications for the possible treatment of multiple sclerosis with dietary supplements. PMID- 7359148 TI - Lipids and lipoproteins in Friedreich's ataxia. AB - Friedreich's ataxia is an autosomal recessively inherited disease affecting the nervous system with a high incidence of heart involvement. Abnormalities of lipid metabolism are known to be associated with several progressive ataxic conditions. In this study of 46 Friedreich's ataxia patients, serum lipids, fatty acids and lipoproteins were assayed and compared with some earlier findings on Friedreich's ataxia and related disorders. Abnormalities of low and high density lipoproteins suggestive of a major defect have been reported; in the present study the level and chemical composition of high density lipoprotein has been assessed in 20 Friedreich's ataxia patients but previous abnormalities could not be substantiated. Lipid compositional analysis of Friedreich's ataxia central nervous tissue and heart, which has not been previously reported, did not markedly differ from control tissue. PMID- 7359149 TI - Is ideomotor apraxia the outcome of damage to well-defined regions of the left hemisphere? Neuropsychological study of CAT correlation. AB - A CAT scan was recorded from 123 patients with left hemisphere damage from stroke. They were divided into four groups according to presence or absence of ideomotor apraxia and length of illness (15 to 90 days and over 90 days). The lesions were mapped and compared in the four experimental groups for anteroposterior dimension, lesion depth--deep-seated lesions deing separated from lesions with a superficial component--and position with respect to the Sylvian fissure for lesions encroaching on the surface. In the anteroposterior dimension there is no material difference in the distribution of the lesions with respect to length of illness. Moreover, any difference is hardly detectable between the profiles for patients with and without ideomotor apraxia except for the higher frequency of deep lesions in the non-apraxic group. The same holds true for "small" lesions. PMID- 7359150 TI - Brain damage and neurological outcome after open-heart surgery. AB - Cerebral damage remains a major hazard of open-heart surgery. A one-year follow up investigation of 100 consecutive patients who underwent open-heart operation for valve replacement revealed an incidence of postoperative cerebral disorders of 37%. The occurrence of brain damage was clearly related to the presence of a history of previous neurological diseases, to operative hypoxia, and to unexpected events during operation, but long perfusion time proved to be the most significant risk factor. In contrast to previous findings, age and moderate operative hypotension proved unimportant. The abnormalities tended to resolve rapidly but, one year after operation seven patients still displayed residual signs. An interesting interhemispheric difference in susceptibility to damage was evident, the clinical signs indicating lesions of the right hemisphere in 71% of the damaged cases. The nature of both preoperative and postoperative signs and symptoms, the determinants of brain damage and the significance of the observed disparity between the hemispheres are discussed. The continuous occurrence of brain damage obliges us to develop preventive measures more efficient than those now available. PMID- 7359151 TI - Accidental ethyl mercury poisoning with nervous system, skeletal muscle, and myocardium injury. AB - Four case reports are presented of patients who ate the meat of a hog inadvertently fed seed treated with fungicides containing ethyl mercury chloride. The clinical, electrophysiological, and toxicological, and in two of the patients the pathological data, showed that this organic mercury compound has a very high toxicity not only for the brain, but also for the spinal motoneurones, peripheral nerves, skeletal muscles, and myocardium. PMID- 7359152 TI - Pattern of segmental motor involvement in syringomyelia: a single fibre EMG study. AB - Single fibre EMG has been used to study the pattern of upper limb motor involvement in syringomyelia. Biceps brachii, extensor digitorum communis (EDC) and first dorsal interosseous muscles (1stDI) representing C5/6, C7/8 and C8/T1 segments, were studied. In the biceps the fibre density was slightly increased in most patients, in EDC it was about twice the normal and in the 1stDI it was about three times normal. The potentials were least stable and of longest duration in the 1stDI. These findings seem to indicate a relatively constant pattern of involvement of anterior horn cells in the brachial segments in syringomyelia. PMID- 7359153 TI - Association between epilepsy and attempted suicide. AB - In a two-year study of patients admitted to hospital after deliberate self poisoning or self-injury, a fivefold excess of patients with epilepsy was found compared with general population prevalence rates. Males with epilepsy were particularly over-represented. Patients with epilepsy were prone to make repeat attempts. Anticonvulsants, particularly barbiturates, were used in most cases of self poisoning. PMID- 7359155 TI - Ratio between the amplitude of sensory evoked potentials at the wrist in both hands of left-handed subjects. AB - Maximum sensory conduction velocity, duration and amplitude of the sensory evoked potentials at the wrist on stimulating digits 1, 2, 3 and 5, were determined bilaterally in 21 left-handed subjects with an age range from 6 to 47 years. The amplitude of the sensory evoked potential at the wrist was larger in the right hand. This asymmetry is the reverse of the one previously observed in right handed infants and adults. It could be physiological and suggests a difference in density of sensory innervation between the two hands. Asymmetry of sensory innervation can be helpful in the study of hand dominance. PMID- 7359154 TI - Monitoring fibrinolytic activity in the cerebrospinal fluid after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a guide to the risk of rebleeding? AB - Serial assay of fibrin degradation products (FDPs) was used to monitor fibrinolytic activity in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in 64 patients, 43 of whom had aneurysms. CSF levels fell rapidly from high initial values over a few days, thereafter more slowly to reach normal levels after one to six weeks. Probably only the later slow decline is a measure of fibrinolysis, which is obscured in the first few days by the cross antigenicity with FDP's of fibrinogen released by the bleed. After this phase of fibrinogen clearance, early attainment of normal FDP levels appears to be associated with a lower risk of rebleeding in cases of aneurysm. This phenomenon could be useful in deciding whether marginal cases should be treated surgically or conservatively. PMID- 7359156 TI - Catatonia with frontal lobe atrophy. AB - A middleaged woman with a four year history of behavioural change including episodes of catatonia is described. Despite a persistently abnormal electroencephalogram, the patient was diagnosed repeatedly as suffering from a primary psychiatric disorder. Neurological examination and psychological testing suggested frontal lobe dysfunction, which was confirmed by the finding of isolated frontal lobe atrophy on computed axial tomography. PMID- 7359157 TI - Hydrocephalus and tuberculous meningitis in adults. AB - Hydrocephalus is well recognised as a complication of tuberculous meningitis in childhood. This complication may occur more frequently in the acute stage in adults than has been appreciated. Three cases are described to illustrate this observation. Early recognition and prompt treatment may improve mortality and morbidity at any age. PMID- 7359158 TI - Dementia paralytica. PMID- 7359159 TI - Neck-tongue syndrome on sudden turning of the head. AB - A syndrome of unilateral upper nuchal or occipital pain, with or without numbness in these areas, accompanied by simultaneous ipsilateral numbness of the tongue is explicable by compression of the second cervical root in the atlantoaxial space on sharp rotation of the neck. Afferents fibres from the lingual nerve travelling via the hypoglossal nerve to the second cervical root provide a plausible anatomical explanation for compression of that root causing numbness of half the tongue. PMID- 7359160 TI - Neuropathology of S. Paulo south coast epidemic encephalitis (Rocio flavivurus). AB - The neuropathology of 8 cases of S. Paulo south coast epidemic encephalitis (Rocio flavivirus), a new arbo B virus encephalitis, is described. The topographic pattern of the lesions appears to be almost specific. The gray matter is predominantly affected. Interstitial mononuclear infiltration, microglial proliferation and perivascular lymphocytic cuffing were seen. Neuronophagia was seldom seen except during the acute phases of the disease. Throughout the neuraxis, the gray matter was affected to a greater degree than white matter. The more damaged structures, in descending order, were as follows: thalamus, dentate nucleus, substantia inominata, brain stem, spinal cord and basal nuclei. Most of the cases exhibited thalamic inflammatory necrosis. Electron microscopy disclosed in one case virus-like particles, resembling those described in other arbo B viruses in the cytoplasm of thalamic neurons. In this case, virus was isolated from the brain and an immunofluorescence test also showed antigenic material in the thalamic neurons. PMID- 7359161 TI - Mechanism of demyelination after HSV type I intraocular injection in rabbits. AB - Intraocular injection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I into the vitreous body of 18-day-old rabbits induced, on the 7th day post-inoculation, neurological signs with marked head jerking and atazia. Examination of semi-serial 1 micrometers thick sections of the whole lengths of right and left optic nerves and chiasma of 4--64 days post-inoculated rabbits revealed a small lesion, restricted to the medial side, which had extended 2--3 mm, during the first 4 days, along the optic nerve. Ahead of the developing lesion marked chromatin changes of neuroglial cells were noticed followed by cuffing of blood vessels, infiltration by macrophages, demyelination and remyelination. The present study indicated that demyelination occurred following the infection of the myelinating cells. It appeared that virus did not become latent and many cells survived the viral attack. Repeated episodies of viral activity caused further damage while repair did not keep pace. PMID- 7359162 TI - Dendritic degeneration and regrowth in the cerebral cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease. AB - Biopsy fragments from the frontal cortex of three patients with Alzheimer's disease were studied by electron microscopy. Electron-dense degenerating dendrites were observed in all cortical layers, but more abundantly in layers 3 and 4. Dendrites with lipid-like droplets and others filled with mitochondria were also seen in these two layers. These findings are in keeping with the abnormalities found with Golgi techniques in the dendritic trees of patients with familial forms of Alzheimer's disease, and are similar to the alterations observed in other diseases accompanied by mental changes. PMID- 7359163 TI - Pulsed Doppler imaging of the carotid artery. AB - Pulsed Doppler imaging (MAVIS, GEC Medical) of the carotid artery in the neck was compared with selective contrast angiography of 50 arteries. All but one of 23 internal carotid arteries with more than 25% stenosis or complete occlusion on angiography were detected by imaging. One of 17 angiographically normal arteries also had an abnormal image. All 16 arteries thought suitable for endarterectomy had abnormal Doppler images. Imaging of the external carotid artery was less reliable and disease of the common carotid artery was too infrequent to allow imaging to be satisfactorily evaluated. This non-invasive technique may eventually replace selective carotid angiography in some patients. PMID- 7359164 TI - Procainamide-induced myositis. AB - The risk of developing a syndrome resembling lupus erythematosus when taking procainamide has been well recognized for over 15 years, although the development of myopathy has been reported on one occasion only, in this instance without histopathological evidence of muscle inflammation. The patient reported in this paper developed a severe, rapidly progressive vasculitis, apparently limited to muscle, after taking procainamide for 42 months, his myopathy remitting rapidly after withdrawal of the drug and a short course of treatment with azathioprine. Although this man had no clinical evidence of SLE, he had impressive immunological evidence to support this diagnosis. PMID- 7359165 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome and Hodgkin's disease--ultrastructural study of a peripheral nerve. AB - A 46-year-old male patient developed the Guillain-Barre syndrome and recovered completely within 3 months. He had been treated 5 years previously for Hodgkin's disease, and during the neurological syndrome, relapse of the malignant lymphoma was discovered. On neuro-muscular biopsy, lymphocytes were observed penetrating Schwann cells. These neuropathological aspects confirm the auto-immune character of the nervous involvement. PMID- 7359166 TI - The relationship between internodal length and fibre diameter in the spinal cord of the cat. AB - The relationship between internodal length and external fibre diameter in the spinal cord was examined on glutaraldehyde perfused material from a number of cats. The relationship in all samples was highly significant and there was no significant difference either between animals or between the lateral and dorsal columns. However, there was considerable variability, some internodes being twice and others less than half as long as the length predicted by the regression equation. Our results showed that the relationship between internodal length and fibre diameter was essentially a linear function. No internodes shorter than 100 micrometers were seen. PMID- 7359167 TI - Electrophysiological evidence for motor unit impairment during the treatment of leprosy. AB - Although neuropathy is the most striking feature in leprosy, the effects of various drugs are usually assessed by dermatological and bacteriological improvement. This short term electrophysiological study shows that both antileprosy drugs, DDS and Sulforthomidine, do not affect the insidious deterioration of motor unit condition in lepromatous and borderline BT patients. Differences observed in the results of the two groups were discussed. PMID- 7359168 TI - Subacute diencephalic angioencephalopathy--report of an additional case. AB - The following report presents an additional example of subactue diencephalic angioencephalopathy. The patient, a 68-year-old man, unexplicably withdrawn and asocial throughout his life, presented with an altered mental status of relatively recent onset. His illness was marked by progressive dementia and ended in death within 7 weeks. The neuropathologic findings were essentially identical to those described in the previous case in both their histology and topographic localization within the thalamus. The etiology, pathogenesis, and reason for the localization of this entity are unknown. Nevertheless, the lesion underscores the major role of the thalamus in cognitive function, emotional behavior, and awareness. PMID- 7359169 TI - Plasticity and interaction after ablations of visual or somatosensory motor cortex or retina in neonatal rats. AB - The results obtained following eye enucleation and dorsal occipital cortical (DOC) lesion in normal adult animals are in general agreement with those reported in previous work. The details, however, vary somewhat. A DOC projection to the claustrum and reticularis thalami is reported here for the first time in the rat. Six experiments were performed: (1) DOC lesions followed by eye enucleations. (2) Eye enucleations followed by DOC lesions. (3) Eye enucleations followed by sensorimotor cortical (SMC) lesions. (4) SMC lesions followed by eye enucleations. (5) DOC lesions followed by SMC lesions. (6) SMC lesions followed by DOC lesions. The results obtained from the experimental animals demonstrate a certain degree of plasticity and interaction between the DOC and retinal efferents to the superior colliculus, lateral geniculate nucleus, the pretectal region and the superior colliculus. Thus, following a neonatal left dorsal occipital cortical lesion, the retinal efferents from the right eye produce a denser projection to the contralateral lateralis posterior (LP), nucleus lateralis of the optic tract (NLOT), and the caudal part of the lateral division of the lateral geniculate nucleus pars ventralis (VGN). Following neonatal left eye enucleation, increased ipsilateral projection from the right DOC was noted in the superficial part of the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS), NLOT, pretectal nucleus (PT) and the adjoining stratum griseum intermediate (SGI) of the superior colliculus, lateral geniculate nucleus, pars dorsalis (DGN), and both the medial and lateral halves of the caudal portion of VGN. Following a neonatal DOC lesion a denser projection from the remaining ipsilateral SMC was seen in the medial pretectal nucleus (PTM), PT and deep pretectal nucleus (PTP). Following a neonatal SMC lesion a denser projection from the ipsilateral DOC was seen in the SGI, PT, nucleus medialis of the optic tract (NMOT) and PTM. There was no change in the retinal efferents following neonatal SMC lesions. Nor was there any change in the SMC efferents following neonatal eye enucleations. PMID- 7359170 TI - The mucopolysaccharides of the ground substance of the human brain. AB - The concept of the presence of mucopolysaccharides forming an interstitial ground substance in central nervous tissues is revived. The biochemical reports of both neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides in both gray and white matter of the normal brain are reviewed. The earlier histochemical reports and the histochemical studies in this laboratory are appraised and are thought to demonstrate the presence of neutral mucopolysaccharides in both gray and white matter, more evident in the former. These mucopolysaccharides are thought somewhat greater in the arcuate white matter than in the deeper white matter and greater in the striae of white matter coursing through the corpus striatum than in the internal capsule. The presence of acid mucopolysaccharides in normal brain substance is not clearly demonstrated histochemically, though they have been noted in some oligodendrogliomas and in rare well differentiated astrocytomas. The possibility is suggested that acid mucopolysaccharides are present, as the biochemical studies indicate, but that their acid groups are normally blocked or otherwise rendered non-reactive, preventing their histochemical disclosure in normal tissues but serving as a source of those seen in pathologic conditions. The concept of a ground substance has important implications for the understanding of the distribution of excellular fluid in brain tissues in both the normal state and in edema. PMID- 7359172 TI - Lesions of amygdala, pyriform cortex and other brain structures due to dipiperidinoethane intoxication. AB - Single doses of dipiperidinoethane (DPE) produced symmetrical necrosis in pyriform cortex, amygdala and other areas of gray matter in rats, mice and gerbils. The necrosis was detectable in 10 hours and fully developed in 24 hours. Its distribution and severity were not influenced by carotid artery ligation. DPE was not a cumulative poison. There was a high degree of chemical specificity: neurotoxic activity was present in DPE derivatives modified by methylation of the two piperidine rings, but neurotoxicity was absent in derivatives with different ring systems or different connecting chains. PMID- 7359171 TI - The influence of the ground substance on the extracellular water of normal and edematous human brain: focal edema and the demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis. AB - The presence of a ground substance in brain provides a mechanism by which edema localized to one region of the white matter might occur without spreading diffusely into the adjacent tissues. The most common such localization is the sparing of the arcuate white matter when the deeper white matter is markedly edematous. This may be related to the higher concentration of mucopolysaccharides in the former. Petechial hemorrhages in the white matter may be surrounded by a zone free of edema, although the hemorrhagic zone itself is almost certainly edematous. This, and the presence of a central zone within some of the petechiae forming a ring hemorrhage may reflect the influence of the ground substance. Focal lesions of the dorsum of the corpus callosum and similar lesions of the basal surface of the pons, these probably due to traumatization by the contiguous falx or arteries, are characterized by myelin loss and axon preservation, a characteristic of edema; the surrounding tissues are not edematous. Severe hypertension is sometimes associated with the presence of clusters of focal perivenous demyelinating lesions in the white matter, the axons being preserved. These resemble the lesions of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and may be due to edema; they are surrounded by nonedematous white matter. It is suggested that the same concept may apply to the focal demyelinating lesions of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, multifocal leukoencephalopathy, central pontine myelinolysis and of multiple sclerosis, i.e. the "true" demyelinating diseases, just as has already been suggested for diffuse sclerosis. PMID- 7359173 TI - The early changes in experimental myopathy induced by chloroquine and chlorphentermine. AB - In soleus muscles of rats treated for 2 to 11 days with high doses of chloroquine or chlorphentermine, muscle fibres showed autophagocytosis followed by segmental contracture and necrosis. Vascuolar degeneration, "splitting", and internal nuclei were absent. At variance with findings in progressive muscular dystrophy, the incidence of intramembrane particles was unchanged and membrane defects in necrotizing fibres were absent. Autophagic vacuoles were formed by cup-shaped cisternae derived from tubules that often enclosed single mitochondria. Golgi complexes occurred in the centre of the fibres; dilated vesicles of the sarcoplasmic reticulum contained an electrondense substance, possibly lysosomal enzymes. Exocytosis of autophagic vacuoles and of almost undigested mitochondria was observed. The changes in the plasma membrane were as in other cells: a bulge was formed that was cleared of intramembrane particles; the membrane fused with the limiting membrane of the autophagic vacuole, the content of which was expelled through an orifice. Inside autophagic vacuoles, persisting phospholipids arranged themselves into protein-free lipid bilayers, that formed concentric membranes or single-layered vesicles. Both drugs are known to inhibit degradation of phospholipids; the findings indicate that the rate of autophagocytosis and exocytosis were enhanced as well. Fibre necrosis was probably due to the fact that fibres eventually became unable to maintain their integrity. PMID- 7359174 TI - Experimental embolic stroke in the guinea pig (Cuvis cobaya). AB - Because of the demonstrated suitability of the guinea pig (Cuvis cobaya) for a large variety of laboratory investigations, we sought to develop a stroke model in this animal. Many ingenious stroke models in other animals exist; some depend on anomalous anatomy, others utilize methods of intracranial or extracranial vascular occlusion and yet others combine ischemia and anoxic damage (1-14). As one proposed application for this work was to study immune responses following experimental stroke, survival of several days after cerebral infarction was a requirement. Three to five days elapse before detection of a hymoral and cellular immune response is possible. The guinea pig is especially suited to immunological studies because of the enormous amount of accumulated data on the immunology of this animal. However, the guinea pig has proved relatively invulnerable to existing small animal techniques. Moreover the unacceptably short postoperative survival associated with the use of existing techniques necessitated the development of a new procedure. We have successfully pursued the development of an embolic stroke procedure applicable to this animal. PMID- 7359175 TI - Prolonged sensitivity to monocular deprivation in dark-reared cats. PMID- 7359176 TI - Behavioral evidence for prolonged sensitivity to effects of monocular deprivation in dark-reared cats. PMID- 7359177 TI - Receptive-field properties of different classes of neurons in visual cortex of normal and dark-reared cats. PMID- 7359178 TI - Functional compensation in lateral suprasylvian visual area following neonatal visual cortex removal in cats. PMID- 7359179 TI - Axonal branching patterns and location of nigrothalamic and nigrocollicular neurons in the cat. AB - 1. Antidromic activation from the thalamus and the superior colliculus was used to identify the axonal projections of neurons in the substantia nigra. 2. Up to 43% of the nigral neurons studied in individual animals had branching axons that could be activated antidromically from both the ipsilateral ventromedial thalamus and the ipsilateral superior colliculus. 3. For several neurons, the conduction time spent in the unbranched axonal segment could be calculated using measurable collision and antidromic latency times. Time in the unbranched segment was less than 20% of the antidromic latency for most neurons studied. 4. Latencies for antidromic activation from the thalamus were measured and would be appropriate if these axons were to mediate the monosynaptic nigrothalamic inhibition reported earlier. 5. Stimulation of the caudate nucleus produced inhibition of spontaneous activity of both collicular- and thalamic-projecting neurons. PMID- 7359180 TI - Neural circuit for inking behavior in Aplysia californica. PMID- 7359181 TI - Synaptic organization of frontal eye field and vestibular afferents to interstitial nucleus of Cajal in the cat. PMID- 7359182 TI - Synthesis and axonal transport of membrane glycoproteins in an identified serotonergic neuron of Aplysia. PMID- 7359183 TI - Genesis and maturation of serotonergic vesicles in identified giant cerebral neuron of Aplysia. PMID- 7359185 TI - Local cerebral blood volume in head-injured patients. Determination by emission computed tomography of 99mTc-labeled red cells. AB - Local cerebral blood volume (CBV) was mapped in 10 normal subjects and in 30 patients after head injury. In normal subjects, the mean CBV was 4.34 ml/100 gm. The coefficient of variation was 12% for the group mean, and 3% for values obtained in duplicate studies of individuals. Patients with head injuries were divided into three groups according to the stage of their illness: acute illness, early recovery, and later recovery. Averages of mean CBV were within one standard deviation of normal. In contrast, consistent changes were found in serial studies of the mean CBV in the same patient. Compared to recovery values, levels of mean CBV measured soon after injury were reduced, largely at the expense of the gray matter compartment. In five adults with predominantly unilateral lesions, there was an average early reduction in mean CBV and cerebral blood flow of 15% and 36%, respectively. In three children with diffuse brain swelling, there was an average early mean CBV reduction of 12%; a single child had early increased mean CBV at a time when intracranial pressure was high. Greater changes were seen in local CBV on individual sections. There were mixed zones of hypervolemia and hypovolemia in regions of infarction and intracerebral hematoma. Subdural hematomas had consistent medial margins of increased local CBV, representing dilated blood vessels of the underlying cortex. The presence and displacement of this hypervolemic zone were sensitive indicators of persistent subdural collection and mass effect, even when the collection was lucent to x-ray computed tomography. PMID- 7359184 TI - A clinicopathological study of patients following a subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - The hypothalamus and myocardium of 54 patients (27 males and 27 females, age range 12 to 73 years) who died after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were examined histologically. In 42 patients, hypothalamic and myocardial lesions were found; in seven, hypothalamic lesions only; and in five, no hypothalamic nor myocardial lesions. A similar examination was performed on a control group of 25 patients (12 males and 13 females, age range 17 to 70 years) who had died from a variety of causes, all producing raised intracranial pressure. In these, no lesions were found in either the hypothalamus or the myocardium. The age of the patient, the site of the vascular pathology, and whether an operation was performed appeared to have no effect on the occurrence of hypothalamic and heart lesions; however, there was a correlation between these lesions, progressive neurological deterioration, and varying pulse rates and blood pressures. This study produces further evidence of the involvement of the autonomic nervous system in some of the deleterious effects of SAH, and a suggestion is made as to possible treatment. PMID- 7359186 TI - Some examples of balloon technology in neurosurgery. AB - Examples are presented of the use of a compression balloon to treat trigeminal neuralgia, of a dilating balloon to release a web obstruction of the internal carotid artery, of detachable balloons to seal carotid-cavernous and vertebral venous fistulas, of a temporary occlusive balloon to aid in thrombogenic treatment of a giant aneurysm, and of a temporary occlusive balloon with double or triple-lumen capacity to assist in angiographic diagnosis and to provide reversible carotid occlusion. PMID- 7359187 TI - Neurosurgical treatment of pathological fracture-dislocation of the spine. PMID- 7359188 TI - Spinal cord blood flow in experimental transient traumatic paraplegia. PMID- 7359190 TI - The effect of phenobarbital on the toxicity and tumoricidal activity of CCNU in a murine brain tumor model. PMID- 7359189 TI - Acute intracranial hypertension and auditory brain-stem responses. Part 3: The effects of posterior fossa mass lesions on brain-stem function. AB - The auditory brain-stem responses (BER's), infratentorial intracranial pressure (ICP), systemic blood pressure (BP), and heart rate were recorded before, during and after expansion of an infratentorial epidural mass in anesthetized cats. Two types of BER's to increasing posterior fossa pressure were noted. In Type 1, there was predominantly suppression of the electrical activity of the auditory nuclei of the upper brain stem (Waves V and IV) and upward transtentorial herniation of the midbrain. In Type 2, the neural activity of the lower brain stem nuclei (Waves III and II) was affected as well as that of the upper brain stem. There was upward and foraminal impaction of the brain stem and cerebellum which was confirmed by the postmortem brain sections. The change in the amplitudes of BER Waves V and III proved useful in detecting upward transtentorial herniation of the midbrain and foraminal herniation of the cerebellum in acute expanding lesions of the posterior fossa. Medullary paralysis was also detected by observing Wave III. PMID- 7359191 TI - Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Results of shunting in 62 patients. AB - Of 62 patients given shunts for normal-pressure hydrocephalus of idiopathic type, 46.8% showed some improvement and 27.4% enjoyed virtually complete recovery. The best clinical predictor of good response was the complete triad of memory difficulty, gait disorder, and urine incontinence; 61.2% of patients with this combination of symptoms improved. Gait disturbance alone was also accompanied by improvement in two of three patients. An "obstructive" cisternographic radioisotope pattern was not significantly different from a "normal" pattern in predicting a response to shunting. Computerized tomography (CT) showing large ventricles and little atrophy predicted improvement in 11 out of 13 patients. There were five deaths within 3 months of shunting. The complication rate was 35.4%; subdural collections, shunt malfunction, and postoperative seizures constituted the most frequent complications. These data suggest that continued investigation for better predictions of shunt response is important, but that in the meantime the clinical pattern and cranial CT pattern are the most satisfactory guides to improvement after shunting. PMID- 7359192 TI - Indications for angiography in the preoperative evaluation of patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. AB - The preoperative angiograms of 100 patients subsequently undergoing transsphenoidal exploration for prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas were reviewed in order to assess both the risk of this study and its yield of useful diagnostic information. In these patients with documented hyperprolactinemia, no vascular anomalies contraindicating a transsphenoidal approach were detected. Tumor blush was evident only in large tumors. The appearance of lateral displacement of the carotid siphon in basilar views was not a reliable predictor of lateral extension. When hyperprolactinemia can be documented, the author's current practice is to reserve angiography for patients who have gross sellar expansion or suprasellar extension, or for those who have had prior radiotherapy. PMID- 7359193 TI - Microvascular relations of the trigeminal nerve. An anatomical study with clinical correlation. AB - The vascular relationships of the trigeminal nerve root entry zone were examined bilaterally in 20 cadavers of individuals known to be free of facial pain. Fourteen of 40 nerves made contact with an artery, but only four of these showed evidence of compression or distortion of the nerve. In addition, the vascular relationships of 40 trigeminal nerves exposed surgically for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia were studied, and 31 nerves showed compression by adjacent arteries. Venous compression was seen in four of the cadaver nerves and in eight nerves from patients with trigeminal neuralgia. These data support the hypothesis that arterial compression of the trigeminal nerve is associated with trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 7359194 TI - Spinal cord energy metabolism in normal and postlaminectomy cats. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine 1) normal concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), phosphocreatine (P-creatine), glucose, lactate, and pyruvate in upper (L-2) and lower (L-5) feline lumbar spinal cord, and 2) whether previously reported laminectomy-induced reduction in spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) resulted in disturbance of spinal cord energy metabolism. Concentrations of ATP, P-creatine, pyruvate, and glucose were significantly higher at L-5 than at L-2, probably as the result of larger amounts of gray matter at L-5 than L-2. Significant increases in ADP and AMP levels were the only metabolite changes noted 15 minutes following laminectomy. The authors speculate that the increase in ADP and AMP is due to a laminectomy-induced stimulation of ATP utilization. However, lack of change in other metabolites implies an efficient energy homeostasis. These results indicate that although laminectomy can reduce SCBF, the degree of this reduction is insufficient to adversely affect spinal cord energy metabolism. Thus, tissue from beneath or near the laminectomy site is viable and essentially normal. PMID- 7359195 TI - Fatal subdural bleeding following superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomosis. Case report. AB - This report describes a sudden death during convalescence from superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass surgery. Artificial arterial anastomosis introduces the danger of a high-pressure subdural hemorrhage in an unnatural location. PMID- 7359196 TI - Interhemispheric cyst of neuroepithelial origin in association with partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. Case report and review of the literature. AB - The authors report an adult patient with a symptomatic interhemispheric cyst demonstrated by computerized tomography (CT), angiography, and at surgery. Choroid plexus epithelium was identified arising from the inner aspect of the cyst wall. Partial agenesis of the corpus callosum is postulated on the basis of the CT findings and the presence of choroid plexus in the interhemispheric cyst. PMID- 7359197 TI - "Fibrous dysplasia" of the skull with complete unilateral cranial nerve involvement. Case report. AB - A 40-year-old man with a slowly progressive unilateral sclerotic process of the base of the skull developed complete involvement of all cranial nerves on the right. Roentgenograms of the skull are interpreted as fibrous dysplasia, but pathological confirmation is lacking. PMID- 7359198 TI - Acute spinal cord compression by subarachnoid and subdural hematoma occurring in association with brachial plexus avulsion. Case report. AB - The authors report a case of acute spinal cord compression caused by a subarachnoid and subdural hematoma. This occurred following traumatic brachial plexus avulsion. It is believed to be the first such case recorded. PMID- 7359199 TI - Cerebellar astrocytoma invading the musculature and soft tissues of the neck. Case report. AB - A case of cerebellar astrocytoma with unusual growth pattern in an 8-year-old boy is reported. The tumor had some histological hallmarks of malignancy (focally high cellularity, mitotic figures, necroses, and calcifications) and, 17 months after subtotal removal, recurred as a nuchal mass in the area of the incision, infiltrating first the skeletal musculature and later other soft tissues of the neck, including lymph nodes. Although cerebellar astrocytomas may recur locally and some may even seed through the cerebrospinal fluid, this is the first reported case of a tumor of this group to infiltrate skeletal muscle and other soft tissues of the neck. The patient underwent five operations to relieve the cervical organs from pressure. PMID- 7359200 TI - Tuberculous brain abscess. Case report. AB - An abscess was removed from the left occipital region in a 73-year-old woman with no previous history of tuberculosis. The patient later died from aspiration bronchopneumonia. Autopsy revealed a basilar tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis in the peritracheal lymphatic glands, the liver, the spleen, and in isolated areas of the lungs. No chronic tuberculous foci were noted in any area. Including this case, only 18 instances of tuberculous abscess have been reported. PMID- 7359201 TI - Cranial asymmetry secondary to unilateral hemispheric damage during late childhood. Case report. AB - Skull abnormalities such as unilateral hypertrophy of skull thickness, enlarged sinuses, and elevated petrous ridge with contralateral body hemiatrophy are commonly associated with hemispheric damage that occurs during infancy. The present case emphasizes that such changes may be associated with cortical damage during late childhood. PMID- 7359203 TI - Dexamethasone and severe head injuries. PMID- 7359202 TI - The critical importance of PaCO2 during intracranial aneurysm surgery. Case report. AB - In a patient undergoing craniotomy for clipping of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm, sodium nitroprusside was used to lower systemic arterial blood pressure to 80/35 mm Hg (mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) = 50 mm Hg), at which time the electroencephalogram (EEG) changed abruptly from normal to a burst suppression pattern. At the onset of burst suppression, PaCO2 was 18 mm Hg. After PaCO2 had been increased to 28 mm Hg, the patient tolerated a blood pressure of 45/25 mm Hg (MABP = 32 mm Hg) during aneurysm clipping without EEG change. The observations reported here support the conclusion that, with moderate hypotension, hypocarbia may cause brain ischemia and that the level of PaCO2 may influence the degree of hypotension that may be safely used during aneurysm surgery. The importance of repeated arterial blood gas measurements when induced hypotension is employed for berry aneurysm surgery is stressed. Intraoperative EEG monitoring may be employed to help judge safe levels of intraoperative hypotension during intracranial aneurysm surgery. PMID- 7359204 TI - Pulmonary shunt as a prognostic indicator in head injury. PMID- 7359205 TI - Internuclear ophthalmoplegia following head injury. PMID- 7359206 TI - Anatomy of spinal roots. PMID- 7359207 TI - Craniopharyngioma surgery in children. PMID- 7359208 TI - Primary intracranial epidermoid carcinoma. PMID- 7359209 TI - Effects of supplementation and depletion of a single essential amino acid on hepatic polyribosome profile in rats. AB - The effects of supplementation and depletion of one essential amino acid on hepatic polysome profile of rats were investigated in the meal-feeding condition. Only methionine supplementation to a protein-free diet reduced the population of monosomes and disomes per total profile. The single supplementation of other essential amino acids did not change the polysome profile as compared with the protein-free diet group. The results suggested that, when rats were fed a protein free diet, methionine is the first limiting amino acid for liver protein synthesis. In the case of depletion of one essential amino acid (tryptophan, methionine-cystine, threonine, phenylalanine-tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, lysine), the values of monosomes and disomes per total ribosomes of rats were significantly higher than that of rats fed a complete amino acid mixture diet. In rats tube-fed the threonone-deficient diet three times a day for 3 or 5 days, the polysomes in liver were aggregated heavier than those of rats that received a complete diet. These results indicated that, under meal-feeding condition which may be considered more a physiological condition than force feeding, the deficiency of single essential amino acid generally causes the disaggregation of hepatic polysomes leading the decreased synthesis of hepatic proteins. PMID- 7359210 TI - Relationships between nutritional quality of dietary proteins and hepatic polyribosome profiles in rats. AB - Rats were adapted to a feeding period of 5 hours per day and meal-fed a diet containing 10% casein, wheat-gluten, corn-gluten, soya protein, gelatin or whole egg protein as a source of protein. The aggregation of hepatic polyribosomes was highest with whole egg protein as the protein source, followed by casein, soya protein, corn-gluten, wheat-gluten and gelatin in that order. The supplementation of each limiting amino acid to each dietary protein caused more aggregation of hepatic polyribosomes as compared with each non-supplemented diet. These differences of the aggregation of hepatic polyribosomes were closely correlated with their proportion of fullness of the limiting amino acid toward the requirement for maximum growth in young rats and with the biological value for these proteins. These results suggest that the polyribosome profile might directly reflect the hepatic protein synthesis in vivo and could be used as an index of nutritional evaluation of dietary proteins. PMID- 7359211 TI - Induction of threonine imbalance by dispensable amino acids: relationships between tissue amino acids and diet in rats. PMID- 7359212 TI - Effects of administration of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) on brain NANA content and behavior. AB - Rat pups were malnourished during the first 3 weeks after birth. Experimental rats were injected intraperitoneally with 1 mg N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) per 50 g body weight daily from 14 to 21 days postnatally. Control animals were similarly injected with 1 mg glucose per 50 g body weight. At 21 days of age, the rats were tested in an open field and their brains analyzed for protein, DNA, ganglioside NANA and glycoprotein NANA. The administration of NANA was associated with an increase in cerebral and cerebellar ganglioside and glycoprotein NANA concentrations. However, it had no effects on brain weight, cell size and number. There was also a reduction in the expected behavioral abnormalities secondary to malnutrition. At 21 days of age, similarly treated littermates of the experimental animals were weaned to a stock diet and tested in a Y maze at 6 months of age. Rats treated with NANA learned the maze quicker than controls and the previously noted changes in brain biochemistry were found to have persisted. Intraperitoneal injection of [14C]NANA into malnourished rats during the same period showed that it was readily incorporated into brain glycoproteins and gangliosides. The possibility that the brain concentration of NANA has an effect on behavior is discussed. PMID- 7359213 TI - Effects of environmental stimulation on brain N-acetylneuraminic acid content and behavior. AB - A study was conducted in which the nutritional and early stimulation conditions of rat pups were manipulated during the first 3 weeks of life. Early stimulation reduced the change in open-field behavior caused by malnutrition at 21 days postnatally. The cerebrum and cerebellum were analyzed for ganglioside and glycoprotein N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), DNA and protein content. The improved behavioral performance was associated with a significantly higher ganglioside and glycoprotein NANA content in both brain areas analyzed. The remaining rats from each litter were weaned onto a standard laboratory stock diet at 21 days of age and housed individually until age 6 months. At this time, their performance in a Y maze was tested. Once again early stimulation was associated with an improved ability to learn the maze. The biochemical changes persisted into adulthood in the stimulated groups with the exception that the difference in cerebellar ganglioside content had disappeared by this time. The results are discussed with respect to the possible role of NANA in behavior. PMID- 7359214 TI - Influence of time of exposure to high levels of minerals on the susceptibility of chicks to Salmonella gallinarum. AB - Mercury, 500 ppm; cadmium, 100 ppm; vanadium, 25 ppm; copper, 1,000 ppm; or selenium, 20 ppm were fed to chicks for various times before and after inoculation with S. gallinarum. These levels have been found to be toxic to chicks as indicated by reduced growth. When the feeding of the elements was discontinued at the time of inoculation, early mortality was increased but the effects tended to diminish as the experiment progressed. The elements had no effect on mortality if the feeding was discontinued 1 week before inoculation. When the elements were fed starting at the time of inoculation, both early (1 week post inoculation) and final mortality were increased. Delaying the administration of the elements for 2 days after inoculation resulted in no effect on mortality 1 week after inoculation but there were increases in final mortality when mercury, cadmium or selenium were fed. PMID- 7359215 TI - Changes in activity of the manganese superoxide dismutase enzyme in tissues of the rat with changes in dietary manganese. PMID- 7359216 TI - Intracellular distribution of copper and zinc in sheep: effect of age and dietary levels of the metals. AB - This study was conducted to assess the effects of age and dietary levels of copper and zinc on the intracellular distribution of these metals in sheep, the domestic species most susceptible to copper toxicity. Hepatic copper concentration was lower in newborn lambs than in 30- and 60-day old lambs and its distribution in neonates differed significantly from that in the older animals and from that observed in newborn and adult rats. Sheep previously maintained on a low-copper diet for 50 days were then fed diets containing 2.2, 11.3 or 47.0 microgram Cu/g diet with and without zinc supplementation (543 or 46 microgram Zn/g diet, respectively) for 60 days. Ceruloplasmin activity, total plasma copper and hematocrit were lower in zinc-supplemented sheep. Hepatic copper concentration was not reduced by zinc supplementation but was increased with each increase in dietary copper; the distribution pattern was significantly altered as hepatic copper increased. Hepatic zinc concentration and distribution were not affected by diet. Sheep fed the highest level of copper had higher copper concentrations in the mucosa of the small intestine and in kidney cortex. The concentrations of zinc in the kidney and of copper and zinc in diaphragm muscle and bile were not affected by diet. PMID- 7359217 TI - Copper- and zinc-binding proteins in sheep liver and intestine: effects of dietary levels of the metals. AB - Liver cytosol from sheep fed diets containing 2.2, 11.3 or 47 microgram Cu/g diet with or without supplemental zinc (543 or 46 microgram Zn/g diet), fractionated on Sephadex G-100, yielded three main copper- and zinc-containing proteins with approximate molecular weights of greater than 150,000, 27,000 and 10,000. Amino acid analysis of the 10,000-molecular-weight proteins were of the metallothionein type. Copper-chelatin was not present in sheep liver cytosol. Copper concentration of the metallothionein fraction increased (P less than 0.01) as dietary copper increased from 2.2 to 11.3 microgram Cu/g, but did not increase further when dietary copper increased to 47 microgram Cu/g in unsupplemented sheep. A low-molecular-weight (approximately 3,500) copper-, but not zinc containing fraction appeared at this highest level of copper. Zinc supplementation of the diet increased not only the zinc content of the metallothionein fraction but also its copper content, most dramatically in sheep fed the highest copper level. In intestinal mucosal cytosol, no copper and little zinc was associated with the metallothionetin fraction which was not affected by dietary treatment. Evidence from this study suggests that sheep have limited capacity to synthesize metallothionein in response to increased dietary copper. PMID- 7359218 TI - Total true efficiency of zinc utilization: determination and homeostatic dependence upon the zinc supply status in young rats. AB - Total true efficiency of zinc utilization and its component factors, true absorption and metabolic efficiency, were studied in relation to dietary zinc supply in a 15-day experiment with 36 weanling rats in six groups. After day 3, the initial supply of 18.2 ppm zinc in the diet for all groups was changed to 5.6, 10.6, 18.2, 39, 70 and 141 ppm in groups 1 to 6, respectively. During the 6 day balance period after day 9, zinc intake was proportional to dietary zinc concentration. Mean daily rates of weight gain and apparent zinc retention increased from a near zero level in group 1 to a high plateau from group 4 to 6. True absorption rate steadily rose and reached about twice that of apparent absorption in group 6. This difference in rates was due to endogenous zinc excretion. Percent total utilization and percent true absorption steadily declined from a mean of about 100 in groups 1 and 2 to nearly 15 and 30, respectively, in group 6. Metabolic efficiency, reflecting true retention of absorbed zinc, similarly declined as percent true absorption did. The major conclusion was that not only the absorptive but also the metabolic efficiency greatly contributed to zinc homeostasis and total true efficiency of zinc utilization. PMID- 7359220 TI - Myo-inositol-responsive liver lipid accumulation in the rat. AB - A nutritionally acceptable diet, with all nutrients at or above their known requirements, was found useful for studying the myoinositol-responsive lipid accumulation in young rats. Succinyl sulfathiazole supplementation of the diet was judged unnecessary to produce increases in the concentration of hepatic triglycerides (TG). The TG accumulation appeared to decrease somewhat after reaching maximal levels under conditions of myo-inositol deficiency in young rats, whereas the accumulation was not observed in older animals. Both young male and female rats responded to dietary myo-inositol when supplemented at a level similar to the level of myo-inositol in the human diet. PMID- 7359219 TI - Rapid changes in rat heart lipoprotein lipase activity after feeding carbohydrate. AB - The effect of feeding various carbohydrates on the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) released by heparin from perfused rat heart was investigated. Animals fasted for 8 to 12 hours were given a single 3-ml dose of 60% (w/v) glucose, sucrose or fructose solution or 3 ml water by intubation. After various time intervals, the hearts were removed and perfused with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 1 unit heparin/ml. The perfusate was then assayed for LPL activity. From 35 to 80 minutes after feeding the LPL activity released by heparin from hearts of the glucose fed animals decreased 85% compared to the LPL activity released from hearts of the control group fed water. A similar decline in lipase activity was seen in the sucrose-fed group. In contrast to the glucose and sucrose data, fructose feeding produced no change in the heparin-releasable LPL activity compared with the control animals fed water. The LPL activity remaining in the heart tissue after perfusion with heparin was not significantly different in the experimental and control groups. The capacity of the hearts to hydrolyze 14C-labeled chylomicrons following glucose or sucrose feeding was also reduced by 70 to 85%. PMID- 7359221 TI - The relative response of hepatic lipids in the rat to graded levels of dietary myo-inositol and other lipotropes. AB - Hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation appeared to vary inversely up to a point with the level of dietary myo-inositol in the absence of dietary choline, and each of the major fatty acids of liver TG was similarly affected. Although the composition of the major fatty acids changed little, 16:1 was generally higher and 18:0 lower in the liver TG of myo-inositol-deficient rats. Furthermore, both the level and the fatty acid composition of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in liver changed dramatically. Supplementation of diets containing myo-inositol or choline with DL-methionine (0.2% by weight) did not significantly influence hepatic TG concentrations. Even when choline was present in the diet at the National Research Council (NRC) requirement (5.4 mmol/kg diet), supplementary myo inositol decreased further liver TG levels below the levels achievable with choline alone. Dietary myo-inositol was as efficient as choline on a molar basis in preventing the accumulation of TG in liver when compared at 5.4 mmol/kg diet. PMID- 7359222 TI - Ameliorating effect of dietary fiber on toxicities chemicals added to a diet in the rat. PMID- 7359223 TI - Correlation of dark adaptation test results with serum vitamin A levels in diseased adults. AB - Dark adaptation, is a reliable and highly reproducible indicator of vitamin A nutritional status in terms of function. Abnormal dark adaptation occurs over a fairly wide range of serum vitamin A values; however, the lower limit of serum vitamin A which is related to normal ocular function has not been determined. We studied dark adaptation in 67 patients with a variety of hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases or with chronic alcoholism. We found that a serum vitamin A level greater than or equal to 40 micrograms % predicted normal dark adaptation 95% of the time, a serum vitamin A level greater than or equal to 30 micrograms predicted normal retinal function 68% of the time and a level greater than or equal to 20 micrograms % predicted normal function 27% of the time. Thus, in individual patients with serum vitamin A levels less than 40 micrograms % one can be sure of vitamin A sufficiency only if a normal dark adaptation response is elicited. PMID- 7359224 TI - Effect of atmospheric oxidation on bioavailability of meat iron and liver weights in rats. AB - Iron bioavailability of diets containing oxidized turkey and oxidized beef meat was investigated in two experiments. Lyophilized, uncooked turkey meat and beef meat were allowed to oxidize at room temperature. In experiment 1, rats were made anemic and fed diets containing uncooked lyophilized turkey meat which had been exposed to air for 0, 48, 96, 144, 216 or 264 hours. In experiment 2, anemic rats were fed diets composed of basal, basal + iron, basal + iron + formaldehyde, 100% fresh beef, 75% fresh-25% oxidized beef, 50% fresh-50% oxidized beef, 25% fresh 75% oxidized beef, 100% oxidized beef and 100% fresh beef + formaldehyde. The diets were prepared so that meat was the only source of iron. Hemoglobin regeneration served as the basis for measuring iron utilization. The length of oxidation time of the turkey meat did not significantly affect the growth of the rats or the bioavailability of the meat iron. Rats fed severely oxidized beef diets had decreased body weight, enlarged livers and depressed hematinic responses. Formaldehyde did not significantly affect iron utilization in rats fed basal diets, but depressed liver iron storage in rats fed fresh beef. PMID- 7359225 TI - Low zinc concentration in rat uterine fluid after 4 days of dietary deficiency. AB - Pregnant rats were fed a purified diet either complete (100 ppm zinc) or zinc deficient (0.4 ppm zinc) from the day of mating (day 0). On day 4 of pregnancy, the zinc concentration of uterine fluid in rats fed the deficient diet was only half that of controls, although protein concentration was the same. It is proposed that the low concentration of uterine fluid zinc is responsible for the abnormal development of preimplantation embryos reported earlier under these conditions. PMID- 7359226 TI - Early and late results of duodenal ulcer disease treated by vagotomy-pyloroplasty and vagotomy-antrectomy. PMID- 7359227 TI - Epidemiological and clinical aspects of female breast cancer in Oklahoma City hospitals. PMID- 7359228 TI - Iron in human milk. AB - The distribution of iron among various fractions of human milk was determined by gel filtration, ultrafiltration, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Total iron varied between 0.26 and 0.73 microgram/ml; 1.5 to 46% of the iron was bound to the lipid fraction and 18 to 56% was found in a low molecular weight fraction. Only a small amount of iron was bound to lactoferrin, the major iron-binding protein of human milk; the iron saturation of this protein was found to be 1 to 4%, at the most. Thus, much less iron is bound to lactoferrin than earlier reported; this may be important in regard to the suggested role of this protein as a bacteriostatic agent. A correlation was found between iron and fat content during the course of a single nursing, but not between iron and lactoferrin. PMID- 7359229 TI - Lack of influence of thyroid antibodies on thyroid function in the newborn infant and on a mass screening program for congenital hypothyroidism. AB - Data regarding the incidence and effect of maternal thyroid antibodies on neonatal thyroid function are conflicting. In order to elucidate this aspect, antimicrosomal thyroid antibodies were measured: (1) in cord serum of a normal populations, (2) in the eluate of blood spots of infants with normal filter paper spot T4 and TSH, (3) in the eluate of blood spots from our recalled population (low T4 and normal TSH), and (4) in serum of detected hypothyroid infants. The incidence of MCA with titer greater than 1/40 in cord sera was 8% (115 of 1.383). There was no statistical difference in cord serum T4' T3' or TSH concentrations in these newborn infants compared to the MCA negative population. In 1,000 spots with normal T4 and TSH, 11 or 1.1% were positive for MCA. In 1,630 spots with low T4' 18 positive cases were discovered, or 1.1%. There was excellent correlation between maternal MCA titers and newborn infant titers either in sera or spots when paired samples were available. Finally, only one of 104 detected infants with primary hypothyroidism had detectable MCA. These results indicate a high incidence (8%) of MCA in our presumed normal newborn population, MCA does not decrease serum T4' T3' and TSH concentration or filter paper spot T4 and TSH, and thyroid autoimmunity is not a frequent cause of congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 7359230 TI - Plasminogen and antithrombin III deficiencies in the childhood nephrotic syndrome associated with plasminogenuria and antithrombinuria. AB - Three of four patients with the childhood nephrotic syndrome were found to have low plasma plasminogen concentrations; all four had low plasma antithrombin III concentrations. In the two patients who were tested, urinary concentrations of these proteins exceeded the plasma concentrations. As the urinary losses of plasminogen and antithrombin III decreased over the course of illness, the plasma concentrations of antithrombin III and plasminogen rose. One patient had multiple thromboembolic episodes. We conclude the deficiencies of antithrombin III and plasminogen, probably secondary to urinary excretion of these proteins, may contribute to the thrombotic diathesis associated with nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7359231 TI - Bone mineral status in growth hormone deficiency. AB - Bone mineral status was monitored by photon absorptiometry in 18 children with growth hormone deficiency. Before exogenous growth hormone therapy, bone mineral content, bone width, and BMC/BW were below predicted values. Delayed maturation, as assessed by skeletal age, accounted for approximately 35% of the deficit for these values. Height velocity doubled during therapy, and BMC, BW, and BMC/BW increased commensurate with height and weight increases so that the relative deficit was unchanged. The pathogenesis of relative osteopenia in growth hormone deficiency was not determined. PMID- 7359232 TI - High incidence of perinatal insult in children with idiopathic hypopituitarism. AB - The perinatal histories of 46 children with idiopathic hypopituitarism were assessed in order to define the relationship between perinatal insult and the development of hypopituitarism. Compared to normal control siblings, the pregnancies resulting in hypopituitary children were complicated by a significantly higher incidence of vaginal bleeding at various times during gestation (13 pregnancies). Twenty-four percent of the hypopituitary children were delivered by breech, three times the incidence of control siblings and seven times the incidence of breech deliverery in the general population. Prolonged or unusually short labors were more common in the hypopituitary children (13 patients), as were signs of intrapartum distress and asphyxia (10 patients). At the time of the study, 19 hypopituitary children had neurologic abnormalities; of these, 15 had histories of significant perinatal insult. The findings in this study suggest that, in many cases, perinatal insults may cause hypopituitarism. PMID- 7359233 TI - Serum IgD concentrations in normal infants, children, and adults and in patients with elevated IgE. AB - Earlier studies of serum immunoglobulin D concentrations were hampered by the insensitivity of single radial diffusion, since most normal individuals have IgD concentrations in a range below or near the limit of sensitivity of that method. Using a sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay, we measured serum IgD in normal individuals from 28 weeks' gestational age to 70 years of age and in several groups of diseased individuals, many of whom had elevated serum IgE concentrations. The group mean serum IgD concentration in children one to 20 years of age was 13.65 IU/ml. Premature and term neonates had levels that did not differ significantly from each other (0.22 and 0.14 IU/ml, respectively), but that were far lower than serum IgD concentrations in normal children one to 20 years of age (P = less than 10-9), indicating that mature levels of IgD are achieved sometime during the first year of life. Normal adults aged 21 to 70 years, atopic children with or without eczema, children with serum IgE values greater than 2,000 IU/ml, and children with cystic fibrosis all had group mean IgD concentrations that did not differ significantly from that of normal children. In contrast, 20 patients with the hyper IgE syndrome had a mean serum IgD concentration of 94.22 IU/ml, significantly higher than the normal or any other group mean (P = less than 10-5). PMID- 7359234 TI - Commentary: measuring infant temperament. PMID- 7359235 TI - Long-term management of a patient with vitamin B12-responsive methylmalonic acidemia. PMID- 7359238 TI - Budd-Chiari syndrome due to a membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava in a child. PMID- 7359237 TI - Sclerosing cholangitis in childhood. PMID- 7359236 TI - Neonatal argininosuccinic aciduria-survival after early diagnosis and dietary management. PMID- 7359239 TI - Acquired inhibitors of coagulation in nonhemophiliac children. PMID- 7359240 TI - An unusual case of epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria letalis with cutaneous scarring and pyloric atresia. PMID- 7359241 TI - The effects of thermal environment on heat balance and insensible water loss in low-birth-weight infants. AB - To define the neutral environmental temperature and assess the effects of deviation from that temperature on insensible water loss and heat balance, 12 premature infants were studied in a conventional incubator at four different predetermined ambient temperatures. Our method combines insensible water loss measured by a continuous read-out electronic scale with heat production as determined by open circuit measurement of oxygen consumption. An increase of 1 to 2 degrees C, to an ambient temperature above or near the top of the neutral zone, produced a significant rise in insensible water loss, from 1.90 +/- 0.76 to 3.08 +/- 1.19 ml/kg/hour (mean +/- SD), a corresponding rise in evaporative heat loss, and a fall in nonevaporative heat loss. A decrease of 1 to 2 degrees C, to a slightly subneutral ambient temperature, resulted in an increase in oxygen consumption from 5.82 +/- 0.92 to 7.45 +/- 1.50 ml/kg/minute, and an increase in total heat loss, but no change in insensible water loss and evaporative heat loss. The increased total heat loss was judged to be due entirely to a greater nonevaporative heat loss, both by convection and by radiation. The data confirm that ambient temperature is an important determinant of the magnitude and the partition of heat loss in low-birth-weight infants. PMID- 7359243 TI - Neutrophil chemotaxis in preterm infants with infections. PMID- 7359242 TI - Heat balance in premature infants: comparative effects of convectively heated incubator and radiant warmer, with without plastic heat shield. AB - Insensible water loss, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production were measured in eight premature infants under four different conditions: in conventional single-walled incubator with and without plastic heat shield, and under radiant warmer with and without heat shield. IWL was greater under the radiant warmer (3.40 +/- 1.50 ml/kg/hour, mean +/- SD) than in the incubator (2.37 +/- 1.15 ml/kg/hour) when both were compared without heat shield. Addition of the heat shield reduced IWL in the incubator (2.13 +/- 0.76 ml/kg/hour) but not under the radiant warmer (3.37 +/- 0.94 ml/kg/hour). There were no significant differences in VO2 or respiratory quotient between any two of the four study conditions. PMID- 7359244 TI - Transient hyperammonemia in an early preterm infant. PMID- 7359245 TI - Calcified nodules on the heel: a complication of neonatal intensive care. PMID- 7359246 TI - Selective bronchial obstruction for treatment of bullous interstitial emphysema. PMID- 7359247 TI - Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetics of diphenylhydantoin and application in the pediatric age patient. AB - Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetics were evaluated for diphenylhydantoin given to 104 patients 0.5 to 16 years of age with seizures. A method for individualizing the dosage regimen of DPH for each patient was evaluated retrospectively. The Vmax was inversely related to age (r = 0.552, P less than 0.001) but there was no such relationship for Km. The individual pharmacokinetics were characteristic of that person and could be used to adjust dosage so that toxicity would be avoided. We present a nomogram for adjusting the dosage of DPH in the pediatric age groups. PMID- 7359248 TI - Use of salivary concentrations in the prediction of serum caffeine and theophylline concentrations in premature infants. AB - Simultaneous blood and saliva samples were drawn for determination of caffeine and theophylline concentrations in 17 infants receiving caffeine or theophylline therapy for apnea of prematurity. The relationship between serum and saliva concentrations in each drug treatment group was explored using (1) regression analysis and (2) serum:saliva ratio. Significant correlations were observed between serum and salivary concentrations. Salivary concentrations approximated 76 to 80% of the serum concentrations based on the derived serum:saliva ratios. When salivary concentrations were less than 8 microgram/ml, the serum concentrations did not exceed therapeutic range and no clinical toxicity was noted. Monitoring of salivary drug concentrations as an alternative to serum drug concentrations may be useful in preterm infants on methylxanthine therapy. When salivary concentrations exceed 8 microgram/ml, serum concentrations should be determined. PMID- 7359249 TI - Biofeedback: a new modality in the management of children with fecal soiling. AB - Fifty children and adolescents who had severe fecal incontinence associated with either imperforate anus surgery in infancy or longstanding functional constipation were given biofeedback training for the purpose of achieving anal sphincter control. Feedback was in the form of oscilloscope tracings which the children learned to produce by contracting small air-filled balloons positioned at the internal and external anal sphincters. Forty-seven of these patients learned to have voluntary bowel movements, and 30 eliminated soiling accidents completely during follow-up periods ranging from six months to three years. PMID- 7359250 TI - Measuring temperament in pediatric practice. AB - The present study reports data concerning the discriminant validity of the Carey Infant Temperament Questionnaire. Subjects were 187 primiparous women who completed a battery of psychologic tests prior to the births of their infants. They also filled out the ITQ at three and six months after the baby was born. Nine of the 20 variables derived from the prenatal test battery discriminated mothers whose babies were diagnosed as temperamentally "difficult" from those whose infants were diagnosed as temperamentally "easy" based on three-month ITQ scores. Seven of the prenatal variables similarly discriminated these two groups on the six-month ITQ. The implications of these findings for uses of the ITQ are discussed. PMID- 7359251 TI - Precocious puberty after surgery for craniopharyngioma. PMID- 7359252 TI - Treatment of febrile seizures. PMID- 7359253 TI - Hypothyroidism and slipped capital femoral epiphysis. PMID- 7359254 TI - Free bilirubin concentrations and bilirubin-binding affinity in term and preterm infants. AB - Free bilirubin concentration, bilirubin-binding capacity, and bilirubin-binding affinity were determined by peroxidase oxidation in 66 newborn infants. Twelve healthy term infants whose unconjugated bilirubin concentration was 15.8 +/- 3.7 mg/dl (mean +/- SD) had a binding capacity of 31.9 +/- 3.7 mg/dl (bilirubin: albumin molar ratio = 0.89 +/- 0.07) and Ka = 28 +/- 11 x 10(7)/M. Twelve term infants with clinical complications of asphyxia, acidosis, respiratory distress, or sepsis, and 17 preterm infants with no complications had lower serum albumin concentrations and slightly reduced binding capacity and affinity compared to the healthy term infants. Free bilirubin concentrations were similar in these three groups, averaging 8 to 9 nmol/l in each group. Twenty-five preterm infants with complications had significantly higher free bilirubin (19 +/- 11 nmol/l), lower binding capacity, and lower binding affinity than any of the other three groups (P less than 0.01 for all comparisons). Five of the 25 sick preterm infants had kernicterus at autopsy. These five infants were similar to the other 20 in birth weight, gestational age, serum bilirubin, and serum albumin level, but had significantly higher free bilirubin and significantly lower binding capacity and affinity. The data suggest that serious neonatal illness is associated with a marked reduction in bilirubin-binding capacity and affinity and an increased risk of kernicterus in preterm infants. The mechanism by which neonatal morbidity decreases bilirubin binding is not known. PMID- 7359255 TI - Osteopenia of prematurity: the cause and possible treatment. AB - By photon absorptiometry, extrauterine bone mineralization in low-birth-weight infants fed a standard commercial formula lags significantly behind intrauterine bone mineralization. In the present study, infants of 28- to 32-week and 33- to 35-week gestational age were studied. The calcium content in a standard formula was increased to provide a daily calcium intake of 220 to 250 mg/kg/day. Phosphate intake was 110 to 125 mg/kg/day. Extrauterine bone mineralization by photon absorptiometry appeared to approximate the intrauterine bone mineralization rate. PMID- 7359256 TI - Main pulmonary artery distention: a potential mechanism for acute pulmonary hypertension in the human newborn infant. AB - Balloon-induced distention of the main pulmonary artery causes acute pulmonary hypertension and reflex pulmonary vasoconstriction in animals. Pulmonary artery pressure responses caused by MPA balloon inflation were measured in ten human newborn infants with cardiac failure (n = 5) or persistent fetal circulation (n = 5). During balloon inflation distal mean PAP increased significantly while cardiac rate remained unchanged. MPA distention caused greater increases of PAP in those infants with lower resting PAP. The greatest balloon-induced increases of PAP were observed in infants recovering from PFC. The existence of a pulmonary artery reflex and its possible role in the regulation of the human fetal and neonatal pulmonary circulation is discussed. PMID- 7359257 TI - Epidemic influenza myopathy in Cincinnati in 1977. AB - A distinctive myopathy was observed in 24 children following influenza B infection. The abrupt onset of severe muscle pain and difficulty in walking began as the respiratory symptoms were waning. The lower extremities, particularly the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, were involved preferentially. Nasopharyngeal cultures were positive for influenza B Hong Kong in 18 of these patients. Serum creatine phosphokinase levels were significantly elevated (mean 55.2 units) when compared to controls and nine patients with Reye syndrome. The cardiac muscle isoenzyme was detected in the serum of 17 myopathy patients. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, but not serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, was elevated compared to controls (P less than 0.01) but less (P less than 0.001) than the patients with Reye syndrome. Twelve patients underwent muscle biopsy; segmental rhabdomyolysis without inflammation was detected in nine patients. Myopathy is a complication of influenza infection that can be diagnosed by clinical, biochemical, and virologic examination. PMID- 7359258 TI - Management of infective endocarditis using echocardiography. AB - Serial echocardiograms of five children who had infective endocarditis were analyzed and correlated with the clinical course. Vegetations were visualized initially on M-mode in four and on two-dimensional echocardiograms in all patients. The appearance of the vegetation was unexpected in one. More accurate anatomic localization of the vegetation was possible using two-dimensional echography. Four of the five patients died despite vigorous medical treatment and valve replacement in two. Complete resolution of the vegetation was documented for the first time in a child following medical therapy. This study suggests that echocardiography plays an important role in the diagnosis of endocarditis, allows objective follow-up of the size of the vegetations and their effects on valve function, and, therefore, may prove helpful in the management of these patients. PMID- 7359259 TI - Management of central nervous system infections during an epidemic of enteroviral aseptic meningitis. AB - Four hundred and fifty-six patients with signs and symptoms of potential central nervous system infection were evaluated from June 28, 1978, to September 30, 1978. The majority of the children had a relatively brief and mild illness characterized by a constellation of features previously described with central nervous system infections. Fever, headache, and vomiting were typical. Altered sensorium and nuchal rigidity were inconstant. One distinct and another infrequently reported feature of enteroviral disease, hypoglycorrhachia and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in excess of 2,000 cells/mm3, occurred independently or in concert in 18% of the cases. When these unexpected findings were associated with a presumptive clinical diagnosis of aseptic meningitis, watchful observation and repeat lumbar puncture precluded the necessity to administer antibiotics in every case. The possibility of enteroviral aseptic meningitis being a definitive diagnostic entity manageable on a group, yet individual basis utilizing a disposition protocol is discussed. PMID- 7359260 TI - Characterization of a C3/C3b regulatory protein in normal human serum. AB - A protein which alters the activity of C3 and C3b has been isolated from normal human serum by sequential column chromatography. In purified form, at normal serum concentration, this protein fixes to cell-bound C3b. It cannot bind to C3d. After fixation, it prevents the inactivation of C3b by beta 1H and C3bINA in both the classical and alternative pathway C5 convertases. Independent of this action, fixation to C3b also markedly enhances the subsequent activity of C5. At higher concentrations, however, this protein is capable of blocking the activation of C3 by both pathway C3 convertases. This material, therefore, appears to represent a potent means of regulating several critical aspects of the biologic activity of the complement system. PMID- 7359261 TI - The role of eosinophils in granulopoiesis. I. Eosinophilia in neutropenic patients. AB - The role of eosinophils in granulopoiesis is unclear. In a variety of conditions, the level of eosinophils is inversely related to the level of neutrophils. The present report describes two patients with eosinophilia and neutropenia and examines the in vitro effects of eosinophils on the colony formation of their bone marrow in semisolid culture medium. The addition of autologous eosinophils to bone marrow cultures from these patients resulted in a decrease in the number of colonies; in contrast, antieosinophilic serum increased the number of colony forming units. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin, was capable of reversing the effects of added eosinophils. The findings suggest that eosinophils have an inhibitory effect on in vitro granulopoiesis. The suppressive effects may be due to the high content of prostaglandin E found in eosinophils. A schematic diagram based on the current knowledge of the mechanism of granulopoiesis is presented. PMID- 7359262 TI - Serum bile acid response to a test meal stimulus: a sensitive test of ileal function. AB - We assessed ileal functional integrity, as reflected in the capacity to reabsorb the bile acid, cholylglycine, by sequential measurement of postprandial serum levels of this compound. A consistent increase in cholylglycine concentration (mean +/- SEM, peak above fasting baseline = 1.86 +/- 0.14 microM) occurred in eight normal children. Five patients with ileal resection and two with primary bile acid malabsorption had a minimal postprandial increase (0.27 +/- 0.08 microM; P less than 0.005 vs controls) and excess bile acid loss in feces. Similarly, in seven patients with Crohn disease involving the ileum the postprandial increase (0.38 +/- 0.06) was less than controls (P less than 0.001). In eight patients with cystic fibrosis, the administration of pancreatic enzymes normalized the blunted response demonstrated when enzymatic therapy was interrupted suggesting an intact ileal active transport mechanism. Meal stimulated response of serum cholylglycine concentration is a sensitive indicator of altered ileal integrity and bile acid malabsorption due to ileal resection, inflammation, or dysfunction. PMID- 7359263 TI - Corticosteroids in status asthmaticus. AB - Nineteen children who were not steroid dependent and were hospitalized in status asthmaticus were studied to evaluate the effect of corticosteroids. They were randomized into two groups. Each group received salbutamol inhalations and intravenous aminophylline therapy. One group received 7 mg/kg hydrocortisone intravenously every six hours; the other group served as a control. Each group showed significant improvement in clinical score and peak expiratory flow rate after 36 hours; there was no statistical difference in the degree of improvement. Six of ten steroid-treated children and six of nine controls achieved a PEFR of 50% predicted by 36 hours. The response to inhaled salbutamol was similar in each group. The results show that in the first 36 hours of therapy, corticosteroids have no additive effect on the bronchodilator response of aminophylline and salbutamol and do not hasten the recovery of nonsteroid-dependent children in status asthmaticus. Although the results show that an inhaled sympathomimetic drug is beneficial in status asthmaticus, corticosteroid therapy does not increase the responsiveness of the airways to these agents. PMID- 7359264 TI - Vasodilator therapy for congestive heart failure. AB - Six patients with severe congestive heart failure were treated with nitroprusside intravenously. Four of the six patients showed salutary responses and were successfully weaned from the NP with marked resolution of symptoms. No adverse side effects were observed. These four patients and one additional child (who did not receive NP) were treated with prazosin by mouth in addition to digoxin and diuretics daily. Two of these patients are entirely symptom free, and additional child is moderately improved, and the fourth patient has shown minimal symptomatic improvement. Despite the severity of their pretherapy symptoms, only one patient has died while receiving oral vasodilator therapy. This preliminary study suggests that afterload reduction may be life-saving in children who are virtually moribund because of congestive heart failure. This improvement can be maintained with oral vasodilator therapy and continuation of classic anticongestive therapy. However, afterload reduction has no effect on the underlying disease. Confirmatory studies are essential before this experimental mode of therapy is accepted for routine use in infants and children. PMID- 7359265 TI - The hemodynamic effects of dopamine in infants after corrective cardiac surgery. AB - The hemodynamic effects of dopamine were measured during the immediate postoperative period in five infants with low cardiac output following repair of congenital cardiac defects. Dopamine was administered at doses of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 micrograms/kg/minute. Heart rate, systemic arterial pressure, and cardiac index increased significantly at a dose of 15 micrograms/kg/minute or greater. There were no significant changes in right atrial pressure, left atrial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, systemic vascular resistance, or stroke volume. These data support the hypothesis that inants respond to dopamine in a fashion qualitatively and quantitatively different from that in adults. PMID- 7359266 TI - Nutritional composition of milk produced by mothers delivering preterm. AB - The nutritional composition of milk obtained during the first month postpartum from 33 mothers delivering preterm and 18 mothers delivering at term was determined. Milk produced by mothers delivering preterm contained significantly higher concentrations of protein, sodium, and chloride, and significantly lower concentrations of lactose than milk produced by mothers delivering at term. The caloric concentration of milk produced by the two groups of mothers was similar, as were the concentrations of potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. PT milk appears to approximate more closely the nutritional needs of the preterm infant than does other breast milk. PMID- 7359267 TI - Obstructive sleep apnea and death associated with surgical correction of velopharyngeal incompetence. AB - We have observed three children who developed obstructive sleep apnea immediately following construction of pharyngeal flaps designed to improve the speech of these patients with velopharyngeal incompetence. Postoperatively the patients were noted to have repeated episodes during sleep of strong respiratory efforts without airflow. Sleep apnea can be debilitating and lethal, and should be looked for following surgery of the upper airway. Respiratory depressants should be avoided. Airway intubation, revision of the surgery, or tracheostomy may be necessary. PMID- 7359268 TI - Association between pectus excavatum and segmental bronchomalacia. AB - Five children presented with recurrent respiratory illnesses and were noted to have pectus excavatum. In four patients subsequent investigation demonstrated a collapsible segment in the middle third of the left main bronchus, which appeared to lack cartilage support and caused gas trapping in the left lung. The remainder of the bronchial tree was normal. In the remaining child the clinical and physiologic pattern was very similar. In three children there were no other anomalities, but two had congenital heart disease. The association of bronchial anomalies and pectus excavatum may occur more often than suspected. PMID- 7359269 TI - Urine screening for metabolic disease in newborn infants. AB - A new method for urine screening for metabolic disease in newborn infants is described. A battery of bacterial inhibition assays to test urine-impregnated filter paper from 3- to 4-week-old infants for amino acids, purines, and pyrimidines was used. We were able to establish the accuracy and efficiency of the method by examining 289 unknown specimens from other laboratories and by collecting and testing 18,400 newborn infants' urine specimens. The major advantages over existing chromatography methods are that: (1) the technology to perform the test already exists in most laboratories screening for metabolic disorders; (2) it is relatively inexpensive; (3) collection of the sample is easy and cooperation of the parents is good; (4) the false positive rate is low (0.9%); and (5) tests can be targeted to detect clinically significant disorders. In this screening program, we detected two cases of persistent neonatal tyrosinemia, two cases of cystinuria, and one case of citrullinemia. These results suggest that urine screening is a good adjunct to blood screening of newborn infants. PMID- 7359270 TI - A severe infantile sialidosis: clinical, biochemical, and microscopic features. AB - An infant boy is described whose clinical findings include congenital ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, postnatal growth failure, dysostosis multiplex, delayed development, pericardial effusion, and the nephrotic syndrome. Death occurred before he reached 2 years of age. Evidence indicates that these abnormalities resulted from an autosomal recessive inherited deficiency of neuraminidase. PMID- 7359271 TI - Composition of breast milk obtained from mothers of premature infants as compared to breast milk obtained from donors. PMID- 7359273 TI - Phosphate-depletion syndrome in a premature infant fed human milk. PMID- 7359272 TI - Mycobacterium chelonei septicemia in a premature infant. PMID- 7359274 TI - Cerebral gigantism and thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 7359275 TI - Isolation of rapidly growing mycobacteria in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7359276 TI - Generalized nonsuppurative myositis with staphylococcal septicemia. PMID- 7359277 TI - Diagnosis of hereditary nephritis by failure of glomeruli to bind anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. PMID- 7359278 TI - Congenital pericarditis due to maternal lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7359279 TI - Impedance cardiographic assessment of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. AB - A modified impedence cardiographic technique was developed using a tetrapolar apnea monitor and minicomputer system. Evaluation of this technique in premature infants with and without symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus indicates that the magnitude of the cardiac-related deflection in the impedance signal is useful in the assessment of ductus shunting. Since the infant under study is involved only by the attachment of two double electrodes to the thorax, continuous assessment of ductur shunting is possible without disturbing routine care. PMID- 7359280 TI - Echocardiography in hypoxemic neonatal pulmonary disease. AB - Sixteen newborn infants with severe pulmonary parenchymal disease and profound hypoxemia were treated with mechanical ventilation, alkalinization, and intravenous tolazoline. Eight infants responded within two hours of initiation of tolazoline therapy with a rise in Pao2 by at least 100% of pretreatment values (mean = 188%, range = 103 to 427%). Eight infants showed little or no change in Pao2 with administration of tolazoline. Echocardiographic evaluation prior to therapy demonstrated marked elevation in both left (LPEP/LVET = 0.52 +/- 0.13) and right (RPEP/RVET = 0.56 +/- 0.08) ventricular systolic time intervals in the eight infants who subsequently responded to tolazoline. Systolic time intervals in nonresponders were within the normal range (LPEP/LVET = 0.37 +/- 0.03, RPEP/RVET = 0.33 +/- 0.04) and were not significantly different from those observed in a control group of 15 infants with pulmonary disease requiring mechanical ventilation but without hypoxemia. Following tolazoline therapy, systolic time intervals in all eight responders fell to normal values. Echocardiography can provide a safe, noninvasive method for identifying those infants with primary pulmonary disease and severe hypoxemia who could be expected to benefit from tolazoline therapy, thereby avoiding tolazoline side effects in infants for whom tolazoline therapy can be predicted to be of little benefit. PMID- 7359282 TI - Thrombocytopenia and pulmonary hypertension in the perinatal aspiration syndromes. AB - Thirty-three of 616 consecutively admitted newborn infants had trombocytopenia (platelet count less than 150,00/mm). Only 16 of these were among the 356 infants with lung disease. However, 12 of the 16 were among the 90 infants with a diagnosis of a perinatal aspiration syndrome. The 12 thrombocytopenic infants were the only infants with PAS considered to have pulmonary hypertension. The duration of significant right-to-left shunting of blood paralleled the duration of thrombocytopenia in these infants; PHN was not associated with thrombocytopenia in other neonatal lung diseases. Thus, platelets appear to be important in the pathogenesis of PHN complicating PAS. PMID- 7359283 TI - Auditory function in newborn intensive care unit patients revealed by auditory brain-stem potentials. AB - The relations between clinical illness and auditory response (as revealed by auditory brain-stem potentials) were prospectively studied in a neonatal intensive care unit. Forty-nine tests were performed on 29 infants with gestational age 24 to 43 weeks and birth weight 530 to 3,380 gm. Auditory test results were classified as pass or fail, depending on the presence or absence of wave V at a latency of 7 to 11 ms in response to clicks 60 dB above the normal adult threshold. Six patients failed and 23 patients passed. The failures were not correlated with excessive noise exposure or ototoxic medication. Five of the patients who failed had intracranial hemorrhage. Routine screening of infants in the NICU for auditory impairment is a clinically feasible and useful procedure. PMID- 7359281 TI - Serum salicylate levels and right-to-left ductus shunts in newborn infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension. AB - Although a right-to-left shunt via a patent ductus arteriosus is one criterion for the diagnosis of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn infant, it cannot be demonstrated by simultaneous pre- and postductus arteriosus blood oxygen tensions in many infants with the clinical syndrome. In animals, exposure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to salicylates causes contriction and results in pulmonary hypertension. We postulated that maternal ingestion of salicylates and premature closure of the ductus arteriosus may explain why some infants with PPHN do not have right-to-left ductus shunts. Therefore, we studied serum salicylate levels in six groups of infants: I, normal infants' cord blood (0.73 +/- 0.44 mg/dl, N = 20); Ia, normal infants at 24 to 36 hours of age (0.08 +/- 0.1 mg/dl, N = 5): II, other cardiopulmonary diseases with no right-to-left ductus shunt (2.08 +/- 1.74 mg/dl, N = 26); III, other cardiopulmonary diseases and right-to left ductus shunt (2.34 +/- 1.70 mg/dl, delta Pao2 70 +/- 71 mm Hg, N = 6); IV, PPHN and right-to-left ductus shunt (1.86 +/- 1.51 mg/dl, delta Pao2 39.6 +/- 58.9 mm Hg, N = 5); V, PPHN without right-to-left ductus shunt (7.77 +/- 5.18 mg/dl, delta Pao2 2.2 +/- 1.5 mm Hg, N = 6). Serum salicylate levels were significantly greater (P less than 0.01) in infants with PPHN without right-to left ductus shunt, indicating that the ductus arteriosus may have been closed prematurely. No other factor, including serum bilirubin, amikacin, ampicillin, or furosemide levels, could be found to account for the difference in serum salicylate levels. Premature closure of the ductus arteriosus secondary to maternal ingestion of salicylates may be one cause of PPHN and may explain the absence of right-to-left ductus shunting in some infants with the clinical syndrome. PMID- 7359284 TI - A new graph for insertion of umbilical artery catheters. PMID- 7359286 TI - Wharton jelly embolism: an unusual complication of umbilical catheterization. PMID- 7359285 TI - Inulin clearance in the premature infant receiving indomethacin. PMID- 7359287 TI - Identifying adolescents at risk for noncompliance with contraceptive therapy. AB - The sociomedical characteristics of 96 sexually active adolescent females have been studied in order to understand noncompliance with the contraceptive prescription, an important antecendent of adolescent pregnancy. Compliance was found to correlate positively with postmenarchal age, frequency of intercourse, autonomy in making and paying for a clinic appointment specifically for the purpose of obtaining contraception, and acceptance of a method at the time of the initial clinic visit. These findings serve to alert the pediatrician to the adolescent at risk for noncompliance before the experience of failure, and in so doing to identify those in need of special assistance to ensure the success of contraceptive measures. PMID- 7359288 TI - Experience with the copper 7 intrauterine device in an adolescent population. AB - A retrospective study was conducted of 120 consecutive patients who received a Cu 7 IUD at the Cincinnati Adolescent Clinic during a four-year period from July, 1974, through June, 1978. Follow-up was obtained in 116 (97%) of the initial patient population. Mean age at initial Cu-7 insertion was 16.8 years; 81% of the patients were nulliparous. An experience of 149.7 women years was accumulated; the pregnancy rate at the conclusion of the study was 2.0/100 women years. Continuation rate was 83% at six months, 70% at 12 months, 49% at 24 months, and 39% at 36 months. Patient expulsion rate was 18% overall, with a total of 17 expulsion events/100 woman years. Subjective satisfaction with the IUD as a contraceptive method was expressed by 72% of these patients. The Cu-7 has proven to be a safe, effective, well-tolerated contraceptive method in the adolescent female. PMID- 7359289 TI - The steroid-croup controversy: an analytic review of methodologic problems. AB - The reasons for the controversy regarding the use of corticosteroids to treat croup were reviewed by evaluating nine studies for their adequacy in meeting eight methodologic standards essential for reducing bias and distortion in clinical trials. Five studies employed diagnostic criteria for croup but none stratified patients with croup into acute laryngotracheitis and spasmodic croup, the two forms which account for the large majority of cases of croup. Only four studies used adequate doses of steroids, defined as 100 mg of cortisone or an equivalent. Only two studies developed clinically relevant choices for the outcome event. Although steroids may be helpful in certain types of croup, it is impossible to reach a definite conclusion about the efficacy of steroids, since all of the studies have major inadequacies in clinical trial design. PMID- 7359290 TI - Rebound hypertension following minoxidil withdrawal. AB - Minoxidil, a potent peripheral vasodilator, was used concomitantly with other antihypertensive drugs for severe hypertension in three children for 47 to 158 weeks at the dosage of 40 to 50 mg/day. Two patients had three and two courses of minoxidil, respectively. Attempts were made to withdraw minoxidil in all children because of severe hypertrichosis. Minoxidil was withdrawn over periods varying from four to 12 weeks. Rebound hypertension manifesting as hypertensive encephalopathy occurred in all when minoxidil was withdrawn rapidly. The occurrence of rebound hypertension correlated with the total cumulative dose of minoxidil in mg/kg/week given prior to the withdrawal (P less than 0.05) and the rapidity (four to eight weeks) with which minoxidil was withdrawn (P less than 0.05), but not with the total duration of therapy, duration at maximal dosage, or the amount of minoxidil in mg/kg on the day prior to withdrawal. Rebound hypertension also did not occur when minoxidil was withdrawn gradually (12 weeks) or if the patient was receiving a small dose (2.5 to 5 mg/day). Pretreatment with an alpha-blocking agent (prazosin) or the discontinuation of the concomitantly administered beta-blocker (propranolol) prior to the withdrawal seemed to prevent rebound hypertension. We suggest that the dosage of minoxidil should be decreased very gradually. PMID- 7359291 TI - Evaluation of trimethobenzamide hydrochloride (Tigan) suppositories for treatment of nausea and vomiting in children. PMID- 7359292 TI - The effect of a kaolin-pectin adsorbent on stool losses of sodium, potassium, and fat during a lactose-intolerance diarrhea in rats. PMID- 7359293 TI - Hypotonia and folate deficiency in children. PMID- 7359294 TI - Failure of prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis: American Heart Association Registry. PMID- 7359295 TI - Familial nesidioblastosis. PMID- 7359296 TI - Human milk feedings and NEC. PMID- 7359298 TI - Growth retardation in Cushing disease. PMID- 7359297 TI - Skin biopsy in diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. PMID- 7359299 TI - SIDS in infants of drug-dependent mothers. PMID- 7359300 TI - Uncommon type of child abuse. PMID- 7359301 TI - Rifampin for CSF shunt infection. PMID- 7359302 TI - The role of clostridia as pathogens in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 7359304 TI - The effect of reading ability on Rorschach performance. AB - The present study examined the Rorschach of 25 second grade children possessing average intelligence or better. The children were classified into two groups: poor readers and excellent readers. The results were compared to Ledwith's (1958) normative population and to each other. A number of Rorschach scores differed significantly from Ledwith's norms and seven Rorschach scores differed from each other. The poor readers had difficulties forming clear perceptual gestalts and showed little interest or ability in the integration or organization of separate facts. They also have a deficit in their capacity for emotional reactions to the environment. There exists the possibility of a conflict between their natural responsiveness and conscious attitudes. PMID- 7359303 TI - Two- and three-point classification of MMPI profiles in which scales 2, 7, and 8 are the highest elevations. AB - Two-point and three-point methods of classifying MMPI profiles were compared using 174 students who sought psychological treatment at a college student mental health clinic and who generated MMPI profiles with scales 2, 7, and 8 as their highest evaluations, (or obtained two of those three scales as their two highest elevations). Behavioral correlates were determined by comparing each profile type to the remainder of the population by means of the chi2 statistic for males and females. Each two-point code type was compared to the comparable subgroup of its parent three-point code type. Important differences in interpretation were present between two- and three-point classification methods, particularly when sex of subject was considered, suggesting that method of classification and sex of subject are important variables in the accurate interpretation of college student MMPI profiles. PMID- 7359307 TI - A comparison of three psychological testings of a transsexual. AB - This case illustrates the use of psychological testing in assessing change over a period of eight years. Evaluations were done six years before transsexual surgery, after surgery, and at the completion of psychotherapy. The initial tests were rife with morbid suicidal and pathological content. Psychotherapy in a residential setting was recommended and accepted. Psychological testing after surgery revealed identity conflicts, guilt, and underlying depression. The final evaluation revealed remarkable changes. Her ego was good. She was not handicapped by defenses. She was using her intelligence for systematic thinking. Her anxiety level was within normal limits and concerns were realistic to her situation. PMID- 7359308 TI - Carcinogenicity testing--a national catastrophe. PMID- 7359305 TI - Hostility-guilt, guilt over aggression, and self-punishment. AB - 48 men were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups and partitioned at the median on hostility-guilt in a 2X2 factorial design. Subjects in the experimental condition were induced to aggress verbally by severely derogating a stranger in a study of first impressions. Before and after participating in the first impressions study, the subjects participated in a pain tolerance procedure involving receiving a series of increasingly painful electric shocks. Affect adjective checklists measured guilt and other affects at four times before and after each pain tolerance procedure. As expected, high-hostility-guilt men increased in affective guilt following participation in the experimental condition in which they unfairly distressed a stranger. As expected, the affective guilt of these same high-hostility-guilt men declined after submitting to a procedure measuring pain tolerance. Contrary to expectations, low-hostility guilt men tolerated more pain in the experimental condition than did high hostility-guilt men. PMID- 7359306 TI - Impulsivity-reflectivity and children's intellectual performance. AB - Fifty-eight students ranging in age from 8 to 11 years were administered the Matching Familiary Figures test and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised (WISC-R). The primary purpose of the study was to determine if impulsive and reflective subjects differed on the major factors of the WISC-R. Reflective children scored significantly higher than impulsive children on the attention concentration subtests and the visual organization subtests. The two groups did not differ significantly on the verbal comprehension subtests. PMID- 7359310 TI - Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of chlordiazepoxide and amitriptyline hydrochloride in two-component tablet formulations. AB - A rapid, precise, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure is presented for the stimultaneous determination of amitriptyline hydrochloride and chlordiazepoxide in two-component tablet formulations. The impurities and decomposition products of both components were separated, making the determination specific for amitriptyline hydrochloride and chlordiazepoxide. The method was used for the assay, content uniformity, and dissolution testing of dosage forms containing 5--30 mg of chlordiazepoxide and 12.5--75 mg of amitriptyline. PMID- 7359309 TI - Effect of self-association of phenol on its transport across polyethylene film. AB - Phenol diffusion across a high density polyethylene film from isooctane, in which phenol self-associates, demonstrated nonideal behavior. The steady-state flux of phenol across the film was not directly proportional to its concentration in the donor phase. At higher donor phase concentrations, negative steady-state flux deviations were observed. These negative deviations were due to phenol self association in the donor phase and the resulting decreases in thermodynamic activity. By using a monomer--pentamer model for phenol self-association in isooctane, the steady-state flux was shown to be directly proportional to the phenol monomer concentration in the donor phase. Although steady-state flux concentration deviations were observed, the diffusion time lag was independent of the permeant concentration and reflected the intrinsic diffusivity of the film to phenol. PMID- 7359311 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in dosage forms. AB - A rapid, sensitive, and automatable high-performance liquid chromatographic method is presented for the determination of sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and a preservative in dosage forms in the presence of excipients and degradation products. PMID- 7359312 TI - Stability-indicating assay for tolmetin sodium in solid dosage forms. AB - A spectrophotometric assay for determining tolmetin sodium in pharmaceutical solid dosage forms is described. Tolmetin sodium is separated from common pharmaceutical excipients and probable degradation products. Recovery, precision, and accuracy data are provided. Two TLC methods are included which can be used to monitor qualitatively the stability of aged dosage forms. PMID- 7359313 TI - Preparation and biological actions of N-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-2-(3,4 dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine. AB - N-2,2,2,-Trifluoroethyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine was synthesized and compared to N-ethyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethylamine and dopamine for activity on adenylate cyclase in the rat striatum. Both dopamine and N-ethyl-2-(3,4 dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in a dose dependent fashion. The N-trifluoroethyldopamine analog at 1 x 10(-4) M induced a weak effect. The compounds were evaluated further by studying their relaxant effects in isolated rabbit renal and ear arteries. Both the N-ethyl- and N trifluoroethyldopamine analogs produced a relaxant effect but demonstrated no selectivity for dopamine receptors. PMID- 7359314 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of codeine in syrups using ion pair formation. AB - The chromatographic behavior of morphine, codeine, and ethylmorphine was examined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and ion-pair formation. Alkyl sulfonates and sulfates significantly increased the retention times for these compounds. The carbon chain length of the pairing ions was linearly related to the log of the capacity factors of these amine drugs. A mechanism for the increased retention based on ion-pair formation in the mobile phase is proposed. The use of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate as a pairing ion for codeine is described, and a method utilizing this pairing ion was developed for the quantitation of codeine in syrups. This method was applied successfully to various syrups containing codeine or codeine phosphate. PMID- 7359315 TI - Serum levels of butorphanol by radioimmunoassay. AB - A radioimmunassay was developed for the analysis of butorphanol in human serum. The procedure involves extraction of serum with hexane containing 2% isoamyl alcohol, followed by evaporative solvent removal and radioimmunoassay of the reconstituted residue. The antibody significantly cross-reacts with unidentified butorphanol metabolites but not with two known metabolites, hydroxybutorphanol and norbutorphanol. Extraction eliminated interference from the butorphanol metabolites normally present in serum. The antibody also cross-reacts with pentazocine and cyclazocine but not with morphine, hydromorphone, oxymorphine, codeine, methadone, and meperidine. Butorphanol tartrate was administered intravenously (2 mg) to normal male volunteers. Serum butorphanol levels declined biexponentially with an average terminal half-life of 2.7 hr. Enzymatic serum hydrolysis prior to extraction yielded additional butorphanol, indicating the presence of butorphanol conjugates. The specificity of the assay for butorphanol was confirmed by GLC--mass fragmentography. PMID- 7359317 TI - Effect of polyols on interaction of paraben preservatives with polysorbate 80. AB - A quantitative study of the interaction of the methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with polysorbate 80 in the presence and absence of two polyols (propylene glycol and glycerol), which were potential competitors, was performed. The results indicate that neither competitor displaced significant amounts of the parabens from their binding sites on polysorbate 80. The previously observed synergistic antimicrobial effects of these polyols appear to be due to a mechanism other than the displacement of the parabens from their micellar binding sites. PMID- 7359316 TI - Metabolites and analogs of 2-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranacetic acid (furofenac): chemical and pharmacological properties. AB - The in vivo metabolism of 2-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranacetic acid (furofenac), a new drug, was studied in rats, dogs, and humans. The drug has antiplatelet-aggregation activity and anti-inflammatory activity combined with low ulcerogenic power. Hydroxylated derivatives and analogous compounds were prepared, and their syntheses and chemical characteristics are described. TLC. GLC, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and GLC--mass spectrometry were applied to urine extracts, and authentic synthetic specimens were used for comparison. The products identified in human and dog urine were mainly conjugation compounds of the drug, while the products in rat urine were hydroxylated derivatives. Some pharmacological characteristics of the metabolites are discussed. PMID- 7359318 TI - trans-Cinnamic acid--alpha-cyclodextrin system as studied by solubility, spectral, and potentiometric techniques. AB - Complex formation in aqueous solutions of trans-cinnamic acid or trans-cinnamate ion (the substrate, S) and alpha-cyclodextrin (the ligand, L) can be described quantiatively as the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes, SL and SL2. The solubility, spectral, and potentiometric data over a wide range of ligand concentrations yielded consistent estimates of the complex association constants. For cinnamic acid at 25 degrees K11 = 2260 M-1, delta H degree 11 = 9.3 kcal/mole, and delta S degree 11 = -8 e.u.; and K12 = 60 M-1, delta H degree 12 = -12 kcal/mole, and delta S degree 12 = -26 e.u. For cinnamate ion at 25 degrees, K11 = 110 M-1, delta H degree 11 = -1.9 kcal/mole, and delta S degree 11 = +11 e.u.; and K12 = 15 M-1, delta H degree 12 = 9 kcal/mole, and delta S degree 12 = -15 e.u. (all entrophy changes are unitary quantities). Thermodynamic cycles for the complexes, using solubility data, reveal that complex formation in the solid phase is thermodynamically spontaneous but that complex stability is greater in ageous solution than in the solid phase. PMID- 7359319 TI - NMR spectral study of proton transfer in amitriptyline hydrochloride- chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride combinations in dipolar aprotic solvent. AB - The singlet resonance due to the two equivalent methyl groups of amitriptyline hydrochloride in dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 solution changed into a doublet with the addition of chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride. A spin decoupling experiment revealed that the double originated because of the emergence of observable spin--spin coupling between the tertiary amine proton and the methyl groups. The phenomenon was interpreted to be due to the nature of proton transfer caused by the relative magnitudes of the basicities of the amines in these compounds, which were determined by the inductive and steric effects of the substituents, leading to the formation of hydrogen-bonded ion-pairs in the aprotic diluent. The enthalpy of the exchange process was 6.4 +/- 0.5 kcal/mole. PMID- 7359320 TI - Rapid determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride and two oxidation products in various pharmaceutical samples using high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. AB - A rapid, simple, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure using an amino-bonded microparticulate column is reported for the determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (I) and its two oxidation products, the sulfoxide (II) and the sulfone (III), in commercially available pharmaceutical dosage preparations. Simultaneous identification and quantitation of II and III in the presence of at least 100 times the amount of parent compound were achieved with selective fluorometric detection. Identification and quantitation of I were achieved by changing the fluorescence detection mode. A typical chromatographic run was completed within 15 min. The described procedure is simpler, more sensitive, and more accurate than the USP XIX methods, particularly for the analysis of II in injectables. Quantitation of II and III at levels as low as 0.1 microgram, representing 0.1% contamination, was demonstrated. PMID- 7359321 TI - Impurities in drugs IV: Indomethacin. AB - One lot of indomethacin raw material, five lots of capsule preparations, and three lots of supporitory formulations were screened for impurities by TLC. Only the suppository products exhibited impurities above trace levels. The two main impurities were present at levels estimated at approximately 0.5 and 2%. After isolation from preparative TLC plates, they were identified by NMR, IR, and mass spectroscopy as the alpha-substituted monoglyceryl esters of 4-chlorobenzoic acid and indomethacin, respectively. PMID- 7359322 TI - Synthesis of propranolol mustard as a possible lung-specific antitumor agent. AB - A nitrogen mustard analog of propranolol was synthesized as a potential lung specific antitumor agent. Since dl-propranolol concentrates in lung tissue and beta-blocking activity resides only with the l-enantiomer, the d-modification could serve as a lung-directed carrier for a cytotoxic group. Reaction of 1-(1 naphthyloxy)-3-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-propanol with thionyl chloride resulted in replacement of all three hydroxyl groups with chlorine. The necessary chlorination selectivity was achieved with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in dimethylformamide solution to provide propranolol mustard, 1-(1-naphthyloxy)-3 [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-2-propanol. Both the trichloro compound and propranolol mustard showed reproducible activity against P-388 leukemia. Neither compound was active against the B16 tumor or Lewis lung carcinoma. PMID- 7359323 TI - Topical mosquito repellents XIII: Cyclic analogs of lactic acid. AB - Numerous cyclic analogs of lactic acid were synthesized to ascertain whether they might act as agonists of antagonists of lactic acid, a known attractant for mosquitoes. These compounds were evaluated with an in vitro blood-feeding test system and an in vivo cloth test. Two of the compounds in the blood-feeding test system showed biphasic results, acting as attractants at low concentrations and as repellents at higher concentrations. Several compounds (III, V, VII, and X) repelled Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in the blood-feeding test system. However, in the in vivo cloth test system, only III repelled the mosquitoes significantly. PMID- 7359324 TI - Tissue distribution of antitumor drugs associated with polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles. AB - Polymethylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles, polyethylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles, and free 3H-dactinomycin and 3H-vinblastine were studied with emphasis on their distribution pattern in rat tissues after intravenous administration. The adsorption of cytostatic drugs to polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles can modify drug distribution in tissues. Particularly with vinblastine, modification of drug disposition is important. Data are given concerning the formation and stability of nanoparticle--drug complexes. Polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles seem to be an interesting drug carrier owing to their size, structure, degradability, and drug sorptive properties. PMID- 7359325 TI - Effect of carnitine analogs on carnitine acetyltransferase. AB - Carnitine analogs with various substituents on the nitrogen were tested for their effect on carnitine acetyltransferase from rat sperm and pigeon breast. A radiometric assay was used to measure the formation of acetylcarnitine in the presence of other enzymes that competed for acetyl coenzyme A in the sperm preparation. The apparent enzyme inhibition caused by the analogs was explained by the analogs serving as alternative substrates with higher Km and lower Vmax values. The analogs had no effect on whole sperm. PMID- 7359326 TI - Pharmacokinetics of doxycycline reabsorption. AB - Two cyclic linear compartment models are proposed to investigate the reabsorption mechanism of doxycycline. In one model, reabsorption is considered to be continuous; in the other model, it is discontinuous. The continuous model, when fitted, leads to one real and two complex conjugate eigenvalues, corresponding to a regression equation consisting of a regular exponential term and an exponentially damped trigonometric expression. In spite of the apparent oscillatory nature of this regression equation, the fitted curves show no secondary peaks or humps apparent in the data. Simulation studies indicate that it may not be possible to get response profiles showing secondary peaks or humps that are experimentally detectable with linear compartment systems with cyclic pathways and continuous transfer. The model with discontinuous cyclic transfer was more flexible in describing the discrepancies in the data and appeared to be preferable to the continuous cyclic transfer model judged by the Akaike information criterion. PMID- 7359327 TI - Membrane transport of alkyl homologs: role of fluid flow in aqueous diffusion region. AB - Passive drug transport across a membrane involves the resistances in series offered by the membrane and the liquid layer immediately adjacent to it. The liquid layers generally are referred to as unstirred aqueous diffusion layers, suggesting that solute transport across these layers occurs solely by molecular diffusion. In accord with convective diffusion theory, recent studies showed that the transport from either a dissolving surface or a membrane surface depends not only on molecular diffusion but also on fluid convection inthe liquid adjacent to the membrane. Membrane permeation rates were determined for a series of alkyl p aminobenzoates, and the results correlated with a model comprised of membrane diffusion and convective diffusion in the adjacent liquid region. PMID- 7359328 TI - Simultaneous high-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of acetaminophen, guaifenesin, and dextromethorphan hydrobromide in cough syrup. AB - Acetaminophen (I), guaifenesin (II), and dextromethorphan hydrobromide (III) were separated and quantitated simultaneously in cough syrup by high-pressure liquid chromatography. A chemically bonded octadecylsilane stationary phase was used with a mobile phase of 48% (v/v) aqueous methanol. The mobile phase pH was stabilized to 4.2 by adding formic acid--ammonium formate buffer (approximately 0.4%). The internal standard was o-dinitrobenzene. Retention volumes were 4 ml for I, 6 ml for II, 11 ml for the internal standard, and 20 ml for III. Inactive syrup components did not interfere, permitting direct diluted sample injection. Results on active ingredients were essentially 100% of the claim, with standard deviations of +/- 1.5, 1.2, and 2.1% for I, II, and III, respectively. PMID- 7359329 TI - Nonvariance of LD50 values of drugs in gravid and nongravid mice. AB - This study showed that the LD50 values for morphine sulfate, cobalt chloride, and phenytoin sodium did not vary significantly on Day 9 of gestation in CF-1 mice when compared to values of nongravid animals. PMID- 7359330 TI - Rapid colorimetric analysis of chlorhexidine in pharmaceutical preparations. AB - A colorimetric determination of chlorhexidine is described. The method is based on the formation of a yellow complex between the drug and bromcresol green. The absorption peak of this complex, extracted by chloroform, is at 410 nm, and linear response is obtained from 2.5 to 30 micrograms of chlorhexidine/ml. The accuracy and reproducibility of this rapid method make it useful for chlorhexidine determination in the manufacturing control of pharmaceutical mixtures. PMID- 7359331 TI - Brain-to-blood and saliva-to-blood mepivacaine ratios in rats. AB - Mepivacaine hydrochloride, 25 and 50 mg/kg sc (with sacrifice at 15 min) produced higher (p less than 0.005) drug levels in neonate (24--36-hr-old) rat brain and blood than in adult rat brain and blood; however, there was no significant difference in the brain-to-blood ratio of the drug between neonates and adults at either dose level. Intraarterial infusion of mepivacaine hydrochloride (20 micrograms/min) in adult rats resulted in measurable (GLC) mepivacaine base levels in pilocarpine-induced parotid salivary secretions collected throughout 30 and 45-min infusion periods. The saliva-to-blood ratios (+/- SEM) of mepivacaine base were 0.64 +/- 0.13 after a 30-min infusion and 2.13 +/- 0.48 after a 45-min infusion. PMID- 7359332 TI - GLC microdetermination of indomethacin in plasma. AB - A GLC method utilizing an electron-capture detector is described for analysis of indomethacin in blood plasma. Indomethacin is extracted with ethyl acetate from plasma buffered to pH 5.0. The ethyl acetate is evaporated to dryness, and indomethacin is derivatized to a pentafluoropropionyl ester prior to chromatography. A GLC standard is used for peak height quantitation of indomethacin. The extraction efficiency from plasma is 92 +/- 3%, and as little as 1 ng of indomethacin can be quantitatively determined. PMID- 7359333 TI - Peristaltic dissolution apparatus: prediction of relative in vivo performance of prednisone tablets in humans. AB - By utilizing a previously established correlation concept, the relative in vivo performance in humans of seven unknown prednisone tablets was predicted accurately from peristaltic dissolution rate data. A general discussion is presented on the role of the peristaltic apparatus in selecting a suitable dosage form at the developmental stage. PMID- 7359334 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of isoniazid and 1 isonicotinyl-2-lactosylhydrazine in isoniazid tablet formulations. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure is presented for the simultaneous determination of isoniazid and 1-isonicotinyl-2-lactosylhydrazine (I) in isoniazid tablet formulations. An aliquot of a diluted aqueous tablet extract is introduced onto a microparticulate cyanopropyl bonded-phase column using a valve-loop injector and chromatographed using a mobile phase of acetonitrile--0.01 M, pH 3.5 aqueous acetate buffer (5:95). Compound I can be determined at levels as low as 0.5% of the isoniazid label claim. The relative standard deviations are 0.4 and 0.7% for the simultaneous determination of isoniazid and I, respectively. Seven commercial tablet formulations contained 93.8--97.0% of the labeled isoniazid amounts and 0.3--5.8% of I, expressed as equivalent isoniazid relative to the labeled isoniazid level. PMID- 7359335 TI - Oral and rectal absorption of chloral hydrate and its betaine complex. AB - Chloral hydrate and its betaine complex was administered orally and rectally to nine healthy male subjects. The urinary excretion, which was a reflection of absorption, of a metabolite, trichloroacetic acid, was determined. No statistically significant difference was found between the oral absorption of chloral hydrate and its betaine complex and between the rectal absorption of chloral hydrate and its betaine complex. A statistical difference was found between the oral and rectal absorption of chloral hydrate and between the oral and rectal absorption of chloral betaine. PMID- 7359336 TI - 13C-NMR spectroscopy of three tetracycline antibiotics: minocycline hydrochloride, meclocycline, and rolitetracycline. AB - 13C-NMR data and spectral assignments are presented for tetracycline antibiotics minocycline hydrochloride, meclocycline, and rolitetracycline. PMID- 7359338 TI - New compounds: synthesis of 2-chloromethylbenzo[b]furans. AB - 2-Chloromethylbenzo[b]furans were prepared in high overall yield from the corresponding chloroethylphenyl ethers through chloroepoxide and alpha chlorophenylacetone intermediates. PMID- 7359337 TI - Synthesis of 1-O-(2'-acetoxy)benzoyl-alpha-D-2-deoxyglucopyranose, a novel aspirin prodrug. AB - The synthesis and characterization of 1-O-(2'-acetoxy)benzoyl-alpha-D-2 deoxyglucopyranose, a novel aspirin prodrug, are described. 3,4,6-Tri-O-benzyl alpha-D-2-deoxyglucopyranose was synthesized by methylating the anomeric hydroxyl group of 2-deoxyglucose, benzylating the 3-, 4-, and 6-hydroxy functional grups, and cleaving hydrolytically the anomeric methyl group. Reaction of the tribenzylated sugar with the acid chloride of aspirin and subsequent hydrogenolysis of the benzyl groups resulted in the prodrug, mp 128 degrees. The compound was further characterized by elemental analysis and PMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. In vitro, the compound cleaved to aspirin with a half-life of 7 min at 37 degrees. Prodrug cleavage was independent of pH over the pH 3--9 range. PMID- 7359339 TI - Inhibition of lysosomal lipases by chlorpromazine: a possible mechanism of stabilization. PMID- 7359340 TI - Discriminative stimulus effects of cyclazocine in the rat. PMID- 7359341 TI - Increased penetration of nonelectrolytes into mouse skin during iontophoretic water transport (iontohydrokinesis). AB - Iontophoresis increases penetration of ionic drugs into surface tissues by repulsion of ions at the active electrode. However, we reported increased penetration of idoxuridine by either anode(+) or cathode(-). Although not highly ionized, idoxuridine forms anions in aqueous solution requiring introduction under the cathode(-). We postulated that increased penetration of idoxuridine after anodal(+)-iontophoresis may result from water movement associated with sodium ion transfer. When water is transported into tissue, nonelectrolytes may also be transported. The term iontohydrokinesis was adopted to describe water transport during iontophoresis, and no specific mechanism is implied by this new term. Iontohydrokinesis was studied after cathodal(-)- and anodal(+) iontophoresis of dilute NaCl solutions containing [3H]-9-beta-D arabinofuranosyladenine, (Ara-A), [3H]H2O and [3H]thymidine (dThd). Since Ara-A and dThd are nonconductive, any increase in penetration must be due to water transport by iontohydrokinesis. Anodal iontophoresis resulted in the following statistically significant increases in penetration compared to topical application: [3H]H2O, +155%; [3H]dThd, +429% and [3H]Ara-A, +488%. Cathodal(-) iontophoresis resulted in statistically significant increases in penetration: [3H]H2O, +78% and [3H]dThd, +286%; the penetration of [3H]Ara-A increased +56% but this was not statistically significant. Electrical current does not change skin permeability. PMID- 7359342 TI - Effects of acute and chronic amphetamine treatment on Purkinje neuron discharge in rat cerebellum. AB - The spontaneous discharge of the cerebellar Purkinje neuron in urethane anesthetized rats is used as an indicator of central noradrenergic activity during the acute and chronic administration of d-amphetamine. Acute parenteral administration of amphetamine causes a dose-dependent slowing of the discharge. Since this effect is not seen in animals in which the catecholaminergic innervation has been selectively removed by previous treatment with 6 hydroxydopamine, it is hypothesized that the slowing is caused by the increased release and/or blocked reuptake of endogenous norepinephrine. Acute administration of amphetamine also increases the response of the Purkinje neurons to its afferent inputs: the excitatory climbing fibers and the inhibitory basket and stellate cells. These effects of amphetamine on spontaneous and evoked activity are similar to the effects of microiontophoretically applied norepinephrine. After daily treatment for 5 days with amphetamine, there is no change in the response to acutely administered amphetamine. After 21 days of treatment, discharge rates before and after acute administration are both significantly lower than in acutely treated controls. Administration of the beta adrenergic antagonist propranolol returns the discharge rate to control levels in these chronically treated animals. Chronic amphetamine treatment may thus cause an increase in response to endogenous norepinephrine, both when spontaneously released and when released after acute amphetamine administration. PMID- 7359343 TI - Natriuretic effect of [7-glycine]oxytocin in the presence of diuretic agents in conscious rats. AB - Substitution of the amino acid glycine for 7-proline in oxytocin produces an analog, [7-glycine]oxygocin, having markedly reduced antidiuretic and vasopressor activities but retaining considerable natriuretic activity. We administered this analog alone and with distally acting diuretic agents to test the hypothesis that oxytocin and its analogs decrease proximal tubular fluid reabsorption. If [7 glycine]oxytocin shares a common mechanism of action with any of these agents, the response to combined treatment should be less than additive, otherwise, the saluretic effect of both agents should be maintained. Subcutaneous administration of [7-glycine]oxytocin, 10 micrograms/kg, to conscious fluid-loaded rats produced a natriuresis, diuresis and kaliuresis. Hydrochlorothiazide and [7 glycine]oxytocin administered together to the same rats had a greater than additive effect on urine volume and sodium excretion. Furosemide and [7 glycine]oxytocin had an additive effect on urine volume, sodium and chloride excretion. Triamterene blocked the kaliuresis caused by [7-glycine]oxytocin, although the two agents administered together had a greater than additive effect on sodium excretion. These results indicate that [7-glycine]oxytocin does not share a common natriuretic mechanism or site of action with the above diuretics. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that oxytocin and its analogs may increase urinary sodium excretion by decreasing net proximal tubular fluid reabsorption. PMID- 7359345 TI - Naloxone treatment of endotoxin shock: stereospecificity of physiologic and pharmacologic effects in the rat. AB - Endogenous opiates (endorphins) like exogenous opiates can, even in small doses, profoundly depress blood pressure and heart rate. Since endorphins are released in response to stressors, it appeared possible that endorphins might be released during shock and serve to further reduce blood pressure. We used the specific opiate-antagonist naloxone to block there anticipated effects of endorphins in a conscious rat endotoxin-shock model. Naloxone treatment resulted in a rapid increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in animals made hypotensive by endotoxin administration. Naloxone was effective in reversing this hypotension at a dose as small as 0.1 mg/kg. This therapeutic effect of naloxone was stereospecific: (-) naloxone reversed the hypotension, although its stereoisomer (+)-naloxone did not. A single 10 mg/kg i.v. bolus injection of naloxone significantly improved MAP for a period of 30 min, and MAP remained elevated as compared to saline controls for approximately 2 hr. Bolus injections of naloxone followed by continuous i.v. infusion produced similar changes in MAP. Despite the rapid effect of naloxone in restoring MAP toward base-line levels, 24 hr survival was not significantly improved by this narcotic antagonist. This suggests that factors other than hypotension are critical determinants of survival in this rat model. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that endorphins are hypotensive factors in endotoxin shock and suggest that the therapeutic effects of naloxone are specific and are mediated by the opiate receptor. PMID- 7359344 TI - Effect of dopamine on length of gestation and on the release of fetal oxytocin in rats. AB - Oxytocin (OT) release from the maternal posterior pituitary gland has been implicated in the process of spontaneous labor. The possibility that OT release from a fetal source may also be involved in this process was investigated. Administration of dopamine (DA), 150 mg/kg/ui hr, or L-dopa, 200 mg/kg/12 hr, plus carbidopa, 20 mg/kg/12 hr, to pregnant rats beginning on day 16 of gestation delayed the mean delivery time by 10 to 18 hr. These drug treatments also inhibited the release of OT from fetal pituitary glands which normally occurred during parturition. Release of OT from maternal pituitary glands was not affected and no alterations in the duration or outcome of labor were noted. Administration of [3H]DA to pregnant rats resulted in higher amounts of labeled DA in fetal brain tissues than in maternal brain. These studies suggest that fetal OT is involved in the timing of parturition in the rat and that DA may prolong gestation by affecting fetal OT. PMID- 7359346 TI - Metabolism and rate of elimination of digoxigenin bisdigitoxoside in dogs before and during chronic azotemia. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the metabolism and rate of elimination of digoxigenin bisdigitoxoside (bis) before and during chronic azotemia in dogs. Bis was eliminated primarily by nonrenal mechanisms. The half-life of bis was 18.5 hr, compared to 31.6 hr for digoxin, and was not significantly increased in azotemic dogs. The oral bioavailability of bis in azotemic dogs relative to an intravenous dose was approximately 46%. PMID- 7359347 TI - Intracisternal dose-response analysis of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced noradrenergic sprouting in the neonatal rat cerebellum. AB - The dose-response relationship between neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine and noradrenergic regenerative sprouting in the cerebellum was characterized by using intracisternal doses of 10 to 80 micrograms of the drug. Noradrenergic regeneration was assessed in seven subregions of the cerebellum by measurement of norepinephrine (NE) levels once the rats were one-month-old. Regenerative sprouting occurred to a significant extent at drug doses between 10 to 40 micrograms, with peak NE elevations occurring after a 20-microgram dose. Recovery of NE was not uniform throughout the cerebellum but was maximal in the anterior vermis and minimal in the posterior vermis. An 80-microgram dose produced near total loss of cerebellar NE. This is contrasted to the cerebral cortical noradrenergic innervation which responded with significant long-term degeneration to a dose as low as 10 micrograms. In both areas, the initial effect of the drug treatment was to reduce NE levels by 95% or more. A couple of conclusions can be made. The magnitude of the difference between the cerebellar and cerebral cortical dose-response relationships is consistent with a regenerative mechanism subserving the recovery of NE in the cerebellum. Secondly, the increase of NE in the cerebellum is reciprocally related to destruction of the forebrain noradrenergic projection. PMID- 7359348 TI - Factors regulating drug cue sensitivity: limits of discriminability and the role of a progressively decreasing training dose in fentanyl-saline discrimination. PMID- 7359349 TI - Effect of morphine and naloxone on leu-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in dogs. PMID- 7359350 TI - Toxicogenetics of niridazole in inbred mice. AB - The lethal potency of the antischistosomal agent niridazole (NDZ) was compared in C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) mice and in their F1 hybrid, backcross and F2 progeny. A daily i.p. dosage range was chosen so that the lethal effect, ascribed to central nervous system toxicity, did not occur before 4 to 5 days. Death was always preceded by a generalized tonic-clonic seizure which terminated in respiratory arrest. In B6 mice the LD50 was 202 mg kg-1 day-1 while in D2 mice the LD50 was 146 mg kg-1 day-1; the LD50 for NDZ in similarly treated F1 hybrid mice was found to be the arithmetic mean of the LD50 values for the parental strains (172 mg kg-1 day-1). Determination of the level of NDZ in the plasma and brains of B6 and D2 mice treated subacutely with the same daily dose of NDZ failed to reveal any strain differences. Moreover, there was no evidence of in vivo accumulation of NDZ with subacute treatment which suggests that a NDZ metabolite is responsible for the observed toxicity. An association between susceptibility to the lethal effects of NDZ and the Ah locus is suggested by experiments in backcross and F2 mice. The incidence of death observed after subacute treatment with 162 mg/kg-1 day-1 of NDZ matched that predicted on the basis of genotype, i.e., it was lethal to 72% of nonresponsive and 38% of aromatic hydrocarbon responsive mice. PMID- 7359351 TI - Cardiovascular profile of mixidine fumarate, a compound which attenuates myocardial chronotropic responses. AB - The effect of mixidine fumarate on myocardial chronotropic responses to various stimulants was examined. Mixidine decreased elevated heart rate in the anesthetized dog to basal levels. It produced a dose-related decrease in heart rate elevated reflexly by aminophylline, by beta adrenergic stimulation induced by isoproterenol, by sympathetic nerve stimulation and by intravenous infusion of glucagon. Mixidine attenuated the increase in contractile force produced by sympathetic nerve stimulation but not that induced by isoproterenol. The compound antagonized the increase in rate of isolated guinea-pig atria induced by both isoproterenol and histamine. In the conscious dog, mixidine caused no decrease in resting heart rate, mean arterial pressure and cardiac output. It reduced atropine-induced sinus tachycardia as well as that induced by treadmill exercise. Experiments in the dog heart-lung preparation indicated that attenuation of an epinephrine-induced sinus tachycardia led to a decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption and an increase in myocardial efficiency. These studies suggest that mixidine fumarate induces an antichronotropic activity by a direct effect on the sinoatrial node and by attenuating sympathetic nervous system input to the heart. PMID- 7359352 TI - ATP-induced hyperpolarization of smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig coronary artery. PMID- 7359353 TI - Release of norepinephrine induced by preganglionic stimulation of the isolated superior cervical ganglion of the cat. PMID- 7359354 TI - Kinetic studies on the entry of d-amphetamine into the central nervous system: I. Cerebrospinal fluid. AB - After intravenous administration to rats, d-amphetamine undergoes a rapid distributive phase (k approximately 0.99.min-1) during which the drug is lost from plasma. The rate of entry into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is also rapid (k approximately 0.58.min-1), suggesting that the drug moves directly from plasma to CSF. Entry of drug into CSF is mainly by diffusion. Neither active transport associated with CSF formation nor active transport independent of CSF formation is quantitatively important. After intracerebroventricular injection, d amphetamine disappears from CSF relatively slowly (k approximately 0.063.min-1). Egress of drug is mainly by diffusion (k approximately 0.044.min-1), although active transport associated with bulk absorption does play a measurable role (k approximately 0.019.min-1). At steady state, the concentration of free drug in plasma and in CSF is equivalent. PMID- 7359355 TI - Fiber-type effects of castration on the cholinergic receptor population in skeletal muscle. AB - The effects of castration on the extensor digitorum longus, soleus and levator ani muscles of the adult male rat were examined. After castration, no change was observed in the number of sites or the binding affinity of [125I]-monoiodo-alpha bungarotoxin to the nicotinic cholinergic receptor population of the slow fiber muscle (soleus). The two fast fiber muscles (extensor and levator) showed no change in binding affinity but a significant change in the number of sites. In these two fast fiber muscles, the number of sites begins to increase within the first few days after castration, peaks at 14 days and begins to decline. The results presented in this report demonstrate three major concepts: 1) influences on skeletal muscle mediated by one receptor population can change the characteristics of another receptor population; 2) at least some androgen effects on skeletal muscle are fiber type specific; and 3) the development of extrajunctional receptors is not solely the function of the nerve-muscle relationship. PMID- 7359356 TI - Protective effects of dimethyl-propranolol (UM-272) during global ischemia of isolated feline hearts. AB - This study was designed to determine the effects of dimethyl-propranolol (UM-272) on myocardial injury after global ischemia of isolated feline hearts. Untreated ischemic hearts developed contracture, resulting in a leftward shift of the diastolic pressure-volume curve. Active pressure development in perfused ischemic hearts was significantly depressed compared to preischemic values. Untreated ischemic hearts exhibited increased water, sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca++) contents and depletion of potassium (K+). The Ca++ accumulating ability of cardiac microsomal fractions isolated from untreated ischemic hearts was severely depressed. In hearts treated with UM-272, active ventricular pressure development after ischemia declined to the same extent as in untreated hearts, but ischemic contracture in treated hearts was delayed and completely reversed by reperfusion. Treated hearts were not depleted of K+ and changes in Na+ and Ca++ were significantly less than in untreated hearts. Microsomal Ca++ accumulation in the treated group was well preserved compared to that in untreated hearts. Experiments in which hearts were paced during UM-272 administration suggest that decreased myocardial oxygen consumption contributes substantially to the protective effects of UM-272. In addition, UM-272 may protect the ischemic heart through direct effects on myocardial Ca++ regulating mechanisms. PMID- 7359358 TI - The measurement of placental drug clearance in near-term sheep: indomethacin. AB - A technique has been developed to measure diffusion limited placental clearance. The technique is demonstrated with indomethacin as the test substance. [14C]Indomethacin was injected as a bolus into the fetal hindlimb vein of eight chronically catheterized, near-term ewes and fetuses. Simultaneously, [3H]indomethacin was infused into the ewes. Maternal and fetal blood samples were taken before the injection of radioactivity and at 60-min intervals for 300 min. The blood was assayed for radioactivity. At the end of the experiment, fetal and maternal placental blood flows were measured with the radioactively labeled microsphere technique. The following formula was used to calculate the placental clearance (Cp) of indomethacin: Cp = Ctot X F/M where Ctot is the total clearance of indomethacin from the fetal circulation as measured by the rate of loss of [14C]indomethacin from the fetal circulation and is the sum of the placental clearance and the fetal tissue clearance (Cf), F and M are the fetal and maternal steady-state concentrations of [3H]indomethacin. The placental clearance of indomethacin was 2.10 +/- 0.32 ml/min/kg. The fetal tissue clearance of indomethacin was 3.63 +/- 0.58 ml/min/kg. The degree of diffusion limitation for the placental transfer of indomethacin was 97%. PMID- 7359357 TI - Dependence of the airway and pulmonary vascular effects of arachidonic acid upon route and rate of administration. PMID- 7359359 TI - Positive inotropic action of digoxigenin and sodium pump inhibition: effects of enhanced sodium influx. AB - A possibility that intracellular Na+ ions available to Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase influence the action of digoxigenin to cause sodium-pump inhibition and a positive inotropic effect was examined with isolated left atria of guinea-pig hearts. The positive inotropic action of digoxigenin developed more rapidly when atria were stimulated at 3 Hz than at 1.5 Hz. The rate of development of the positive inotropic action was dependent on the frequency of membrane depolarizations rather than on contractions. Monensin, a known Na+ ionophore, enhanced the rate of development of the positive inotropic action of digoxigenin. Sodium pump activity, as estimated from ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake, was inhibited by digoxigenin in a concentration-dependent manner in quiescent atria. The inhibition was enhanced by electrical stimulation which shifted the concentration-inhibition curves to the left. The sensitivity of the sodium pump for digoxigenin was also affected by membrane depolarizations, suggesting a role for intracellular Na+. These data indicate that similar to the cardiac glycosides, the interaction of the aglycone with Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase is essential for the development of the positive inotropic action of this agent. PMID- 7359360 TI - Pulmonary clearance of [14C]-5-hydroxytryptamine and [3H]norepinephrine in vivo: effects of pretreatment with imipramine or cocaine. PMID- 7359361 TI - Effect of haloperidol on ventilatory responses to dopamine in man. AB - Intravenous administration of dopamine suppresses ventilation in man through an effect on the chemoreceptor reflex. The primary goal of this study was to determine if a dopaminergic blocking agent, haloperidol, alters the ventilatory response to dopamine in man. Dopamine was infused intravenously in 10 normal men during hypoxia, before and after 2.5 mg of haloperidol intramuscularly, to block dopaminergic receptors. Before haloperidol, dopamine (5 micrograms/kg/min) decreased minute ventilation 1.7 +/- 0.5 liters/min (P less than .05) and increased arterial pCO2 3.5 +/- 0.6 mm Hg (P less than .05). After haloperidol, dopamine did not alter ventilation. The findings suggest that inhibition of the chemoreceptor reflex by dopamine in man is mediated by dopaminergic receptors. A secondary goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that, if dopamine is an inhibitory transmitter in chemoreceptors, blockade of dopaminergic receptors would increase ventilation. Haloperidol did not alter minute ventilation or arterial pCO2 during normoxia or hypoxia. The observation that haloperidol blocks the response to exogenous dopamine, but does not alter ventilation during normoxia or hypoxia, suggests that either endogenous dopamine does not play an important role in determining steady-state chemoreceptor discharge or endogenously released dopamine may have access to receptors that are relatively inaccessibly to exogenous blockers. PMID- 7359362 TI - Action of nicotine on sympathetic nerve terminals. AB - Interaction between 4-aminophrydine (4-AP) and nicotine on sympathetic nerve terminals was studied in the isolated cat spleen slices, labeled with [3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE). Incubation of slices for 5 min at 37 degrees C in low (50 microM) and high (2 mM) concentrations of nicotine released 0.8 +/- 0.08 and 2.73 +/- 0.39% of tissue [3H]NE. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) blocked the response to low nicotine but not to high nicotine. Low nicotine did not release [3H]NE in the absence of calcium. Response to high nicotine which persisted in calcium-free solution was blocked by ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N'-tetra acetic acid. 4-AP (1 mM) not only enhanced the response to low nicotine but it effectively antagonized the suppressant effects of TTX and calcium-free solution on release induced by low nitotine. Restoration of release by 4-AP from TTX blocked preparations occurred in the absence of calcium in the perfusion medium, but lanthanum (1 mM) blocked it. Restoration of release from spleen slices incubated in calcium-free Krebs' solution by 4-AP was blocked by lanthanum and prolonged incubation in calcium-free ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N'-tetraaectic acid solution. It is concluded that at lower doses nicotine, by acting on nicotinic receptors, depolarizes the sympathetic nerve terminals to set off propagated action potentials which are responsible for NE release, and that 4-AP restores nicotine response in the presence of TTX or in the absence of calcium by mobilizing calcium both from extracellular and intracellular sources. PMID- 7359363 TI - Histamine pharmacology in airway smooth muscle from a canine model of asthma. AB - Tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) from an ovalbumin sensitized canine model of allergic asthma showed hypersensitivity and hyper-reactivity to histamine (H) when compared to that from littermate controls in vitro. Mepyramine abolished H responses in TSM of both groups; it also abolished the allergic response to obalbumin of TSM from sensitized dogs. The H2 receptor agonist, 4-methyl histamine (4-MH) caused small dose-related decreases in H contractures but had no effect on carbachol- or K+-induced tension. Metiamide, an H2 antagonist, did not enhance the H contracture, suggesting the 4-MH may not be exerting a relaxant effect since H2 receptors were absent. The maximum H-induced isometric tension was potentiated when the sensitized and control muscle strips were pre equilibrated with 4-MH. These observations are consistent with the presence in canine TSM of H1 but not relaxant H2 receptors, the release of endogenous H to the tissue during the antigen-antibody reaction, and the competition of H and 4 MH for the H1 receptors. Experiments with specific blockers also indicated that in this model the only transmitter found in the ovalbumin-induced allergic bronchospasm was histamine. PMID- 7359364 TI - beta-Bungarotoxin and parasympathetic nerve blocking action. AB - Autonomic effects of beta-bungarotoxin (beta-BuTX), a presynaptic blocking agent at the neuromuscular junction, were examined with parasympathetic (vagus), sympathetic nerve-atrial preparations isolated from guinea pigs. beta-BuTX in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 micrograms/ml abolished the negative inotropic and chronotropic responses to electrical stimulation of the preganglionic trunks of the vagus nerve. This effect was time- and dose-related and was not restored by repeated washings. Such blocking action of beta-BuTX was also obtained when post-ganglionic stimulation was applied. On the other hand, beta-BuTX failed to block the positive inotropic and chronotropic responses to either pre- or postganglionic sympathetic nerve stimulation. The nicotine-induced negative, then positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, under nerve conduction block with tetrodotoxin, were little affected with the application of beta-BuTX. The negative or positive responses to exogenously applied acetylcholine or norepinephrine were also unaffected by beta-BuTX. Thus, beta BuTX apparently blocks cholinergic transmission in the vagus nerve innervating the guinea-pig heart, probably by acting on the postganglionic nerve terminals, yet does not interfere with preganglionic cholinergic and postganglionic adrenergic transmissions in the sympathetic nerves. PMID- 7359365 TI - Renal handling of [14C]allantoin in the rabbit. AB - Rabbit renal cortical slices were incubated at 25 degrees C, pH 7.4, for 2 hr under 100% O2 in a phosphate-buffered medium. [14C]allantoin was accumulated to a tissue water/medium ratio of 1.38 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- S.E., n = 22). Under 100% N2, the tissue water/medium ratio fell significantly to 0.90 +/- 0.02 (n = 14, P less than .001). Probenecid (an anion) inhibited the uptake of allantoin at doses which had no effect on the water content of the slices, i.e., did not appear to have a toxic effect on the tissue. Its effect was specific. In contrast, salicylate (another anion) and quinine (a cation) inhibited the uptake of allantoin only at concentrations which simultaneously increased the water content of the slices. These results suggest a toxic effect on cell metabolism. Salicylate (an anion) and quinine (a cation), in dosage which inhibited allantoin uptake, also inhibit the uptake of the para-aminohippuric acid (an anion) and tetraethylammonium bromide (a cation). Net secretion of allantoin was observed in urinary clearance experiments on anesthetized rabbits acutely loaded with allantoin, under mannitol diuresis. At flow rates less than 1 ml/kg.min, fractional excretion of [14C]allantoin was 0.85 +/- 0.03 (n = 27 clearance periods) indicating significant net reabsorption. When urine flow was increased above 1 ml/kg.min, fractional excretion of [14C]allantoin reached 1.07 +/- 0.03 (n = 18 clearance periods), i.e., net secretion. PMID- 7359366 TI - Inhibitory effect of lidoflazine on contractions of isolated canine coronary arteries caused by norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, high potassium, anoxia and ergonovine maleate. AB - Experiments were performed on isolated coronary arteries to determine whether or not lidoflazine, an agent reported to be beneficial in the treatment of angina pectoris, is effective in antagonizing coronary vasoconstriction. Segments of canine circumflex and right coronary arteries were suspended in organ chambers filled with aerated Krebs-Henseleit solution (37 degrees C) for continuous isometric tension recordings. Dose-dependent contractions were obtained with norepinephrine (in presence of propranolol) and 5-hydroxytryptamine; these contractile responses were antagonized by phentolamine and methysergide, respectively. Lidoflazine caused long-lasting, and dose-dependent inhibition of the responses to both norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. High K+ solution (30 mM) caused sustained contraction of the coronary segments; these responses were depressed in a dose-dependent manner by lidoflazine. Lidoflazine slightly augmented relaxations caused by adenosine. Addition of Ca++ to the bath solution partially reversed the inhibitory effect of lidoflazine, which indicates that the compounds acts by inhibiting the influx of extracellular Ca++. Segments incubated in solution containing 20 mM K+ and subjected to anoxia exhibited transient contractions which were inhibited by lidoflazine. Ergonovine maleate caused contractures of the coronary arteries which also were antagonized in a dose dependent manner by lidoflazine. These experiments demonstrate the ability of lidoflazine to counteract contractions of coronary vascular smooth muscles caused by factors which may be involved in the etiology of coronary vasospasm. PMID- 7359367 TI - Alcohol acutely depresses myo-inositol 1-phosphate levels in the male rat cerebral cortex. AB - The effects of acute alcohol administration on myo-inositol and myo-inositol 1 phosphate levels in the male rat cerebral cortex were examined. At a dose of 3 g/kg, alcohol reduced myo-inositol 1-phosphate levels in the cortex by 60% within 30 min after its injection. A significant depression in myo-inositol 1-phosphate was found 5 min after the injection of alcohol, and maximal levels of depression occurred at 30 min. Levels of myo-inositol 1-phosphate remained significantly depressed for 6 hr and then gradually recovered, reaching normal values of 24 hr after the initial injection. There was an excellent inverse correlation (rxy = 0.96) between myo-inositol 1-phosphate levels and blood alcohol levels at all time intervals examined. Dose-response analyses indicated that the half-maximal (ED50) decrease in myo-inositol 1-phosphate levels occurred at a dose of 1.6 g/kg of alcohol. In contrast to these effects, myo-inositol levels were not significantly altered by any dose of alcohol at any time interval examined. Because of the rapidity of changes in myo-inositol 1-phosphate after acute alcohol administration and the excellent negative correlation between blood alcohol levels and changes in myo-inositol 1-phosphate, alcohol-induced alterations in myo-inositol 1-phosphate appear to be the direct effect of alcohol per se and may participate in the acute pharmacological effects of the drug. PMID- 7359368 TI - Phenytoin-induced changes in quinidine and 3-hydroxyquinidine pharmacokinetics in conscious dogs. PMID- 7359369 TI - Studies on the mechanism of amphetamine mydriasis in the cat. AB - This study was undertaken in order to determine the relative extent to which amphetamine-induced mydriasis is of central nervous system (CNS) or of peripheral origin. Anesthetized cats were administered cumulative dosages of amphetamine given either intravenously (0.05-3.2 mg/kg) or directly into the third ventricle of the brain (500 micrograms i.c.v.). Pupillary dilation and ciliary nerve activity were monitored. In cats with only parasympathetic tone to the iris intact, i.v. amphetamine produced a dose-dependent mydriasis and decrease of ciliary nerve activity. Treatment with yohimbine (0.5 mg/kg i.v.), before amphetamine administration, blocked the amphetamine-induced reduction of parasympathetic nerve activity and partially antagonized the pupillary dilation. Both yohimbine pretreatment and CNS monoamine depletion (with reserpine 5 mg/kg i.p. and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine 2 x 300 mg/kg i.p.) prevented the mydriatic and ciliary nerve activity lowering effects of i.c.v. amphetamine. These results suggest that amphetamine produces mydriasis in the cat primarily by means of CNS inhibition of tonic outflow from the oculomotor nucleus and to only a minor extent by acting as a peripheral sympathomimetic. This conclusion is consistent with the hypothesis that release of norepinephrine within the CNS inhibits tonic parasympathetic outflow to the iris. PMID- 7359370 TI - The effects of age and glutathione depletion on hepatic glutathione turnover in vivo determined by acetaminophen probe analysis. AB - We have validated a method to assess hepatic glutathione turnover in individual animals in vivo. This method would be applicable to man by collection of bile samples via nasoduodenal intubation. The rate of glutathione turnover was calculated from the time course of the specific activity of the glutathione acetaminophen adduct in bile after the administration of a radiolabeled glutathione precursor and a small dose of acetaminophen. Identical results were obtained with radiolabeled glutathione or with radiolabeled cysteine, glutamic acid or glycine as the precursors. The small dose of acetaminophen administered to trap glutathione as an excretable adduct did not stimulate glutathione turnover, which reflects glutathione synthesis under steady-state conditions. No evidence for two pools of glutathione with different half-lives was found; previous reports of two glutathione pools may have failed to account for hepatic protein turnover with subsequent release of radiolabeled amino acids for glutathione synthesis. In male rats, the rate of glutathione turnover decreased from 0.52 per hr at 6 weeks of age to 0.12 per hr at 24 weeks of age. After acute depletion of glutathione by diethylmaleate, the rate of glutathione turnover promptly doubled in all age groups. Similar increases in the rate of glutathione synthesis and in the ability to stimulate glutathione production in response to acute depletion in children might explain their decreased susceptibility to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. PMID- 7359371 TI - Differential inhibitory effects of the ionophore RO2-2985 (X537A) on contractile responses to potassium and histamine in coronary artery smooth muscle. AB - The effects of the ionophore RO2-2985 (X537A) on KCl- and histamine-induced contractions in porcine coronary vascular smooth muscle were studied in vitro. Cumulative dose-response curves were constructed for KCl and histamine in the presence and absence of RO2-2985. The dose-response curve to KCl in the presence of RO2-2985 was shifted to the right with no change in the maximal response attained. Lineweaver-Burk and Hill plots indicated that responses to KCl involved a positive cooperative interaction between excitation and some step or steps in the contractile event and that RO2-2985 increased this cooperativity. The dose response curve to histamine in the presence of the ionophore was significantly shifted to the right with a 40 to 50% depression in the maximal response. Propranolol inhibited norepinephrine-induced relaxation of KCl-contracted coronary strips but did not affect RO2-2985-induced relaxation. These results suggest that RO2-2985 competitively inhibits KCl-induced contractions but inhibition of histamine-induced contractions are of a mixed mechanism. Also, RO2 2985 does not appear to induce relaxation of coronary artery smooth muscle by liberating enodgenous catecholamines. Preliminary evidence supports involvement of prostaglandins in the mechanism of ionophore-induced coronary relaxation. PMID- 7359372 TI - Phenytoin pharmacokinetics in burned rats and plasma protein binding of phenytoin in burned patients. AB - Unexpectedly low serum phenytoin levels occurred in burned epileptic patients, suggesting the possibility of altered phenytoin disposition. Subsequently, phenytoin log-linear elimination kinetics after a 10 mg/kg i.v. single dose was examined in a burned rat model. Clearance increased from 1.08 +/- 0.28 liters/hr/kg in control rats to 1.50 +/- 0.38 liters/hr/kg in burned rats (P less than .05). The volume of distribution increased from 0.82 +/- 0.058 liters/kg in control rats to 1.01 +/- 0.11 liters/kg in burned rats (P less than .0005). The first order elimination rate constant (KE) did not change significantly (1.31 +/- 0.37) hr-1 in control rats vs. 1.52 +/- 0.48 hr-1 in burned rats; P greater than .05). The increase in clearance and in volume of distribution could be explained on the basis of a decrease in plasma protein binding. The free fraction in plasma increased from 27.1% +/- 1.2 in controls to 33.4% +/- 1.6 in burned rats (P less than .0005). The change in binding was consistent with a decrease in serum albumin from 2.64 +/- 0.33 g/dl in controls to 1.98 +/- 0.16 g/dl in burned rats (P less than .0005). Plasma samples of four burned human subjects revealed low serum albumin and markedly decreased plasma protein binding of phenytoin (2- to 3 fold increase in free fraction in plasma). PMID- 7359373 TI - Resolution and signal-to-noise relationships in NMR imaging in the human body. PMID- 7359374 TI - Automatic scanning and analysis of multiple-sample Guinier x-ray power diffraction films. PMID- 7359375 TI - Fluctuations of Pa, CO2 with the same period as respiration in the cat. AB - 1. A CO2 sensor using mass spectrometry is described. It responds linearly to O2 and CO2 with a time constant of 0.5 sec: it is not affected by pressure or flow in the physiological range: its temperature coefficient is 4 mm Hg PCO2 per degree C at 37 degrees C. 2. When this sensor and its through flow cuvette were placed in a common carotid artery-to-jugular vein loop in anaesthetized cats breathing spontaneously or being ventilated artificially, fluctuations of Pa, CO2 which had the same period as respiration were readily observed. 3. The amplitude of these fluctuations varied inversely with respiratory frequency being less than 1.5 mmHg Pa, CO2 in the range of normal respiratory frequencies in the cat, 25- 35 min-1. The amplitude also varied with the mixed venous-to-end tidal CO2 difference which was altered either by giving the cat CO2 to inhale or infusing CO2 intravenously. 4. We have concluded that these fluctuations of Pa, CO2 are unlikely to provide a significant drive to ventilation at normal respiratory frequencies but they may provide a signal that gas exchange in the lung is less than optimal. PMID- 7359377 TI - Direct comparison of foveal and extrafoveal motion perception [proceedings]. PMID- 7359376 TI - An e.c.g. vector simulator to facilitate learning of the basic principles of electrocardiography [proceedings]. PMID- 7359378 TI - A low-cost digital voltmeter and pH meter [proceedings]. PMID- 7359380 TI - Neuroleptanaesthesia: an ideal anaesthetic procedure for physiological studies on the guniea-pig [proceedings]. PMID- 7359379 TI - Changes in partial pressure of carbon dioxide with time in carotid arterial blood in cats. AB - 1. A rapidly responding CO2 sensor and cuvette were placed in the carotid artery of anaesthetized cats and changes of PCO2 in post-pulmonary capillary blood were recorded when flow through the cuvette was suddenly stopped. 2. Under control conditions when the cats breathed spontaneously or were ventilated artificially, stop-flow caused Pa, CO2 to decay by 2--5 mmHg reaching a new equilibrium in 10- 15 sec. The amount by which CO2 decayed was reduced by the inhalation of high O2. The decay was enhanced by hypoxia, the inhalation or infusion of CO2. It was reversed by the administration of acetazolamide: now with stop-flow, Pa, CO2 rose by 8--15 mmHg. 3. the mechanism of this decay is uncertain. We propose that it is due to the transfer of CO2 from plasma to red cells in post-capillary blood in response to the reduction of [H+]i as H+ binds to Hb following the oxylabile release of CO2 from Hb. PMID- 7359381 TI - A computer system to control, record and display single-unit experiments [proceedings]. PMID- 7359383 TI - Apparatus for measuring limb tonicity in the rat: application to the study of morphine-induced rigidity [proceedings]. PMID- 7359382 TI - Voltage, temperature and ionic dependence of the slow outward current in Aplysia burst-firing neurones. AB - 1. The slow outward current in Aplysia burst-firing neurones was studied under voltage-clamp conditions. This current, designated Iso, was measured as the incremental outward tail current following small depolarizing commands. 2. Iso was shown to be a pure K+ current, probably activated by the influx of Ca2+ during the depolarizing command (Johnston, 1976). For small depolarizations, the peak conductance was about 10(-7) mhos. 3. The rate of decay of Iso could be fit by a single exponential and was voltage-dependent, increasing with depolarization. 4. The decay rate of Iso was also temperature-dependent, with a Q10 of about 3. The peak conductance, however, was much less temperature sensitive, with a Q10 of about 1.5. 5. The voltage dependence of decay rate suggested either the presence of a voltage-dependent Ca2+ pump or that the change in intracellular calcium concentration was not the rate-limiting step in the decay of Iso. PMID- 7359384 TI - Evidence for a dual pelvic nerve influence on large bowel motility in the cat. AB - 1. The effects of efferent electric pelvic nerve stimulation on colorectal motility and blood flow with emphasis on the motor responses in consecutive colonic and rectal segments were studied in anaesthetized cats. It was considered of particular interest to explore whether selective pharmacological blockade and graded nerve stimulations might reveal the presence of functionally differentiated efferent fibres controlling colonic motility.2. Pelvic nerve stimulation induced immediate and sustained colorectal contractions and a simultaneous increase of the over-all colonic blood flow. The excitatory responses declined immediately on cessation of a shortlasting stimulation (< 2 min); after a longlasting one, however, the rectal contraction was maintained for several min.3. The colonic contraction on pelvic nerve stimulation remained unchanged after atropine but was delayed in onset. Moreover, in the transverse and distal colon it was preceded by a relaxation which was most pronounced in the distal part. The vasodilator response was unchanged.4. After atropine the rectal segment showed a purely relaxatory response. Despite continuous pelvic nerve stimulation the relaxation vanished, however, and rectal volume returned to resting level with 3-5 min. On cessation of such a prolonged stimulation there was a marked rectal ;after-contraction'.5. The excitation thresholds for the efferent nerve fibres eliciting these different responses could not be separated. The motility and the vasodilator responses were not influenced by adrenergic or by serotoninergic blockade.6. The results indicate that direct preganglionic stimulation of the cat pelvic nerves activates intramural cholinergic excitatory neurones as well as non-cholinergic excitatory neurones and furthermore, non adrenergic non-cholinergic inhibitory neurones, which together result in most complex colonic and rectal motor responses. From a functional point of view these centrally controlled responses may well be independently controlled by separate preganglionic neurones though they do not differ concerning excitation thresholds.7. The effects are consistent with a dual function of the distal colon and rectum. Such a dual parasympathetic influence on the large bowel simulates the vagal control of the stomach, where specific vagal relaxatory fibres convey a reflex widening of the corpus-fundus reservoir during food intake. PMID- 7359385 TI - A portable minute heart rate recorder/decoder system for self-paced walking tests [proceedings]. PMID- 7359386 TI - A pulse-shape discriminator for action potentials [proceedings]. PMID- 7359387 TI - Potential clamp analysis of membrane currents in rat myelinated nerve fibres. AB - 1. Large myelinated nerve fibres were isolated from rats and the membrane action potential was recorded in single nodes of Ranvier. Potential clamp experiments were performed at 24 degrees C and in one fibre also at 33 degrees C. 2. Positive potential steps were associated with an initial, mainly Na carried, current with an equilibrium potential (Ue) of 40 +/- 13 mV. The INa vs. U curve showed rectification at large positive potentials. 3. The Na permeability (PNa) curve was characteristically S-shaped with a half value at -48 +/- 6 mV and a ceiling value of 3.7 +/- 0.7 cm.sec-1.10(-3). PNa as defined by the constant field equation accounted for the rectification of the INa/U curve. 4. The potential and time dependence of the rapid inactivation (h) process was described quantitatively in terms of its steady state (h infinity) vs. U curve and its rate constants (alpha h and beta h) vs. U curves. h infinity (U = -80 mV) was 0.68 +/- 0.09. 5. The delayed currents were small and the ionic specificity of the delayed permeability changes was not identified. Tentatively calculated PK at large potentials was 0.21 +/- 0.06 cm.sec-1.10(-3). The leak conductance (gL) was 130 +/- 33 mS.cm-2. 6. A temperature rise in one experiment from 24 to 33 degrees C increased the rate constants (alpha h and beta h), but did not significantly change the size of the delayed currents. 7. INa was completely blocked by 25 nM TTX in the outside solution. External application of 5 mM-TEA only slowly and incompletely blocked the small delayed currents. This effect was not fully reversible. 8. A comparison with frog fibres showed that the node in rat fibres had (a) a lower Ue of the initial current (probably because of a lower Na selectivity of the channel for the initial current), (b) approximately equal max. peak PNa, (c) about 10 mV negatively shifted PNa vs. U and h infinity vs. U curves, (d) quantitatively similar relations between rate constants of inactivation (alpha h and beta h) and U at 20--24 degrees C, (e) PK that was 1/5 of PK in frog fibres, (f) 4--5 times larger leak conductance, (g) membrane action potentials of smiliar amplitude and duration. PMID- 7359388 TI - Acetylcholine release evoked by single or a few nerve impulses in the electric organ of Torpedo. AB - 1. The acetylcholine (ACh) store in the Torpedo electric organ was partially labelled with choline and acetate at the same molar concentration but with different isotopes. Under these conditions the two precursors were incorporated into ACh in a ratio 1 to 1. 2. After a single electrical stimulus, or a brief burst of stimuli, the compound electroplaque potential (e.p.p.) was recorded and the radioactive choline and/or acetate counted in the perfusion fluid, providing a sensitive assay for ACh release in the absence of anticholinesterase drugs. 3. The so-called depression of transmission was found to be due to progressive impairment of ACh release in the successive impulses evoked by repeated stimuli. 4. In a pair of impulses separated by 50 ms interval, less ACh was released by the second than by the first impulse; this explained why the size of the second e.p.p. was depressed, using a direct measurement of ACh. 5. In repetitive stimulations of longer duration, the maximum rate of release declined as the activity was prolonged. Thus the tissue progressively lost its ability to ensure release at high frequencies. 6. An unexpected finding was that anticholinesterases like eserine or pre-treatment with fluostigmine (DFP) greatly reduced ACh release even by a single impulse. 7. Evoked ACh release and e.p.p. amplitude were both maximum between 10 and 20 degrees C. At higher temperatures, the evoked release decreased as the spontaneous release increased. 8. Changes in external Ca2+ and Mg2+ produced similar changes in the e.p.p. and evoked ACh release. The dose--response curve for Ca dependency of ACh release was very steep with a Hill's coefficient of 3.2. 9. With a single stimulus in the presence of 4 aminopyridine, there was a dramatic enlargement of the e.p.p. and a still larger potentiation of the evoked ACh release. 10. It has been possible with this approach to avoid the inconveniences often encountered in simliar studies, i.e. repetitive stimulation, low Ca solutions and cholinesterase inhibition. This permitted a good correlation between electrophysiological and biochemical estimates of transmitter release even by a single nerve impulse. PMID- 7359390 TI - Gastric acid secretion and mucosal blood flow in the rabbit [proceedings]. PMID- 7359389 TI - The retino-recipient zone of the feline pulvinar. should it be considered as part of the lateral geniculate complex? [proceedings]. PMID- 7359391 TI - Psychophysical determination of post-receptoral spectral functions [proceedings]. PMID- 7359392 TI - Electrophysiological properties of the smooth muscle cell membrane of the dog coronary artery. AB - 1. The electrical properties of dog coronary arterial smooth muscles were studied with the partitioned chamber method and Wheatstone Bridge method. Effects of intracellular and extracellular current and of field stimulation of nerve were examined. 2. Muscle from the anterior descending coronary artery showed cable properties, with a 2.4 mm space constant and a 455 msec time constant. Muscle strips from the circumflex coronary artery showed poor cell-to-cell connexions. 3. The smooth muscle of both coronary arteries was electrically quiescent and action potentials were not evoked even by strong outward current. 4. Field stimulation of the descending coronary artery induced either contraction or relaxation which were respectively associated with depolarization and hyperpolarization. These responses were blocked by tetrodotoxin (2 x 10(-7) g/ml). 5. Field stimulation produced depolarization when the membrane potential was higher than 60 mV and hyperpolarization when the membrane potential was lower than -50 mV. 6. The results suggest that, in the descending coronary artery, the smooth muscle including the innermost cells can be controlled by nerve. PMID- 7359393 TI - Opponency of red- and green-sensitive cone mechanisms in field spectral sensitivity measurements. PMID- 7359394 TI - The control of sets of motoneurones by local interneurones in the locust. AB - 1. A motoneurone innervating a muscle in a hind leg of a locust is controlled in a graded manner by many non-spiking, local interneurones. There is overlap and fractionation of control between these interneurones. Some interneurones depolarize the motoneurone over part of its range, others hyperpolarize it, whilst some do both. 2. The interneurones organize the small number of motoneurones that innervate one muscle into overlapping sets of various sizes. A motoneurone can therefore be activated individually or in particular combinations with its fellow motoneurones. 3. The motoneurones innervating two muscles of a joint are also organized into overlapping sets by many local interneurones. This permits the motoneurones to the two muscles to be activated reciprocally, together, or independently. 4. One interneurone can elicit a co-ordinated movement of one, two or even three joints in a hind leg that are components of the normal behaviour of the locust. 5. A single interneurone acting alone does not usually elicit the maximum output from one motoneurone, nor a complete piece of behaviour. A stronger contraction of a muscle and a more complete movement results from the action of groups of interneurones. 6. It is suggested that local interneurones, exerting graded control over motoneurones are a major element in the organization of motor patterns in the locust. PMID- 7359395 TI - Is there antagonism between pattern and movement detection? [proceedings]. PMID- 7359396 TI - Independence of adaptive state and receptive field centre size of cat retinal ganglion cells [proceedings]. PMID- 7359397 TI - Summation of rod signals within the receptive field centre of cat retinal ganglion cells. AB - 1. The processing of rod signals within the receptive field centre of cat retinal ganglion cells was investigated in two spot summation experiments by using the analytical methods of response and sensitivity summation. 2. The rod system was isolated by presenting test stimuli of short wave-length light against either a completely dark background or a dim background of long wave-length light. 3. Stimulus--response curves were obtained for two small, square-wave modulated test spots applied at points in the receptive field centre of equal sensitivity. The test spots were presented either singly or simultaneously. 4. In the absence of surround antagonism, the flux required to evoke a weak criterion response was the same whether the spots were presented singly or together. However, the flux required to evoke larger responses was typically half as great when the two spots were delivered together as it was when either was presented alone. 5. Over a moderate response range, the magnitude of response to the two test spots presented together equalled the algebraic sum of the two responses to the test spots presented alone. However, for responses of large magnitude, the algebraic sum was larger. 6. Permitting the surround to contribute substantially to the cell's response changed the outcome of the two spot summation experiment. 7. The data are consistent with a three stage model of signal processing within the receptive field centre: an early compressive power law transformation (within each sub-area) of illuminance into a neural signal which is followed by linear summation of sub-area signals and then a second compressive transformation. PMID- 7359398 TI - Contour specific potentials evoked by saccadic image displacement [proceedings]. PMID- 7359399 TI - Effects of eccentricity receptive field characteristics in VI and VII of the cat [proceedings]. PMID- 7359400 TI - Histological studies on the Wobbler mouse diaphragm [proceedings]. PMID- 7359401 TI - Observations on mechanical properties of fast and slow skeletal muscle in steroid treated rats [proceedings]. PMID- 7359402 TI - A pH-indpendent effect of external bicarbonate ions on the osmotic volume response of renal medullary cells [proceedings]. PMID- 7359403 TI - Innervation of sympathetic neurones in the guinea-pig thoracic chain. AB - We have investigated the organization of the guinea-pig thoracic chain by studying the innervation of the stellate and fifth thoracic sympathetic ganglia with intracellular recording. 1. These ganglia receive preganglionic innervation from different but overlapping sets of spinal cord segments: the stellate ganglion is innervated by preganglionic axons from spinal segments more rostral than those supplying the fifth thoracic ganglion, but somewhat more caudal than those innervating the superior cervical ganglion. 2. Individual thoracic ganglion cells are innervated by only some of the spinal segments that supply each ganglion as a whole. In general, the subset of spinal segments innervating a ganglion cell is contiguous; one of these segments provides the strongest innervation, with progressively weaker innervation arising from spinal levels adjacent to the dominant one. This selective pattern of innervation is similar to that in the superior cervical ganglion (Nja & Purves, 1977 a). 3. Preganglionic axons frequently innervate neurones in more than one ganglion. 4. Although neurones innervated by the same spinal cord segments are found in both the stellate and the fifth thoracic ganglion, as well as in the superior cervical, the number of ganglion cells receiving innervation from particular spinal segments is different in each ganglion. Moreover, neurones dominated by the same segment but located in different ganglia receive somewhat different average innervation from adjacent segments as a function of the ganglion in which they reside. 5. These results indicate that neurones in the thoracic chain ganglia, as those in the superior cervical ganglion, are selectively innervated by particular spinal cord segments. We suggest that the different average innervation of sympathetic ganglia reflects at least two related factors: the selective qualities of their constituent neurones, and the availability of different preganglionic axons to each ganglion. PMID- 7359405 TI - A semi-chronic preparation for cortical recording [proceedings]. PMID- 7359404 TI - The effect of indomethacin on the renal vasodilatation induced by dopamine in the rat [proceedings]. PMID- 7359407 TI - Stabilizing rhythms on irregular schedules [proceedings]. PMID- 7359408 TI - Subthreshold mechanical activity within the cochlea [proceedings]. PMID- 7359406 TI - Differential effects of diltiazem on glutamate potentials and excitatory junctional potentials at the crayfish neuromuscular junction. AB - 1. The effects of diltiazem on glutamate potentials and excitatory junctional potentials (e.j.p.s) were investigated in the crayfish neuromuscular junction. 2. When diltiazem (0.3 mM) was added to the perfusion fluid, the ionophoretic glutamate potential was reduced to about half, whereas the peak amplitude of successive e.j.p.s elicited by a train of pulses of 100/sec increased by about 2 times. 3. It was suggested that diltiazem was a non-competitive inhibitor of L glutamate. The reduction of the response to applied glutamate was not due to the acceleration of desensitization of the glutamate receptor. The rate of recovery from desensitization was delayzed by diltiazem. 4. The increase in amplitude of e.j.p.s caused by diltiazem was due to the increase in membrane resistance. The quantum content and size of extracellular e.j.p.s were not affected by diltiazem. 5. It was substantiated using the micro-electrode technique that the glutamate sensitive area coincided with the neuromuscular junctional area. 6. The pharmacological difference between glutamate potentials and e.j.p.s revealed in the present study is difficult to explain on the glutamate transmitter hypothesis. One explanation worthy to be considered is that there are two pharmacologically different kinds of receptors sensitive to L-glutamate. PMID- 7359409 TI - The carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex in conscious rabbits. AB - 1. A method is described for altering the pressure across the wall of the carotid sinus in conscious rabbits by enclosing the carotid bifurcation in a rigid, fluid filled capsule. The extracapsular arterial baroreceptors were denervated. 2. The baroreceptor--heart rate reflex, elicited by injecting vasoactive drugs or inflating aortic and vena caval cuffs, was used to test the new method. The function of the carotid sinus was shown to be unaffected by enclosure in the capsule. Denervation of the extracapsular baroreceptors reduced the gain of the baroreceptor--heart rate reflex two- to threefold. 3. The characteristics of the carotid baroreceptor reflex were studied in sixteen animals by the capsule method. Median estimates of maximum gain, and the range over which blood pressure changed, were 1.1 mmHg/mmHg and 57 mmHg respectively. There was good agreement between duplicate estimates made 1--20 days apart. 4. There was only a weak association between the effects on blood pressure and heart rate of altering carotid sinus transmural pressure. Autonomic blockade of the heart, so that its rate was fixed, did not reduce the gain or range of blood pressure change. PMID- 7359410 TI - Dynamic range of cochlear nerve fibres to amplitude modulated tones [proceedings]. PMID- 7359411 TI - A sodium-indpendent low affinity transport system for neutral amino acids in rabbit ileal mucosa. AB - 1. The kinetic parameters for serine, alanine and methionine uptake by rabbit ileal mucosa have been determined in the absence of Na. 2. Uptake of all three amino acids took place through a single mediated system. The apparent Km values of serine, alanine and methionine for this system were equal to their respective apparent K1 values (approximately 89, 75 and 23 mM respectively). 3. Autoradiography was used to measure the cellular location of alanine uptake by rabbit ileum. Approximately 80% of the total uptake took place in the upper third of each villus. This uptake was reduced by 75% either by removal of Na or addition of serine. The proportional distribution of Na-dependent and Na independent alanine uptakes along the villus was found to be equal. 4. The kinetic properties of the low affinity uptake mechanism for neutral amino acids, seen in the absence of Na, were virtually identical with those of one of the uptake mechanisms seen previously in the presence of Na. 5. The low affinity uptake mechanism appears to be Na-independent. It is suggested that the Na coupled uptake of amino acid takes place through the high affinity system. PMID- 7359412 TI - Effect of vincristine sulphate on touch dome function [proceedings]. PMID- 7359414 TI - Purkinje cell uptake in vivo of [3H]taurine in the rat cerebellum [proceedings]. PMID- 7359413 TI - Axonal conduction velocity changes following muscle tenotomy or deafferentation during development in the rat. AB - 1. The conduction velocities of axons supplying the intertransverse caudal muscles of 8-week-old rats were measured. The distribution of conduction velocities was found to be similar to the more commonly studied hind-limb innervation. 2. In animals in which the intertransverse caudal muscles had been tenotomized at birth, however, the conduction velocities attained by both the sensory and the motor nerves by 8 weeks of age were significantly reduced. 3. This effect is limited to growing animals since tenotomy of the intertransverse caudal muscles for the same period in adults had no effect on axonal conduction velocity. 4. Deafferentation of normal intertransverse caudal muscles during development also significantly reduced the conduction velocities attained by the motor innervation, to the same extent as tenotomy had done. 5. These results are discussed in relation to the role of impulse traffic in the development of neuronal dimensions. PMID- 7359416 TI - Intracellular recordings from sympathetic preganglionic neurones of the cat [proceedings]. PMID- 7359415 TI - Lability of synaptic inhibition of hippocampal pyramidal cells [proceedings]. PMID- 7359418 TI - Activity of individual nucleus interpositus projection neurones during maturing forepaw contact placing [proceedings]. PMID- 7359417 TI - Renal function in conscious rats after indomethacin. Evidence for a tubular action of endogenous prostaglandins. AB - 1. Conscious rats, with implanted carotid arterial cannulae, received a saline infusion (5.8 ml./hr) via a tail vein for a 6 hr period. The urinary excretion of water, sodium, potassium, urea and the osmolal output were monitored, together with the systemic blood pressure. Glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance) and effective renal plasma flow (p-aminohippurate clearance) were also measured. Four hours after the start of the infusion, indomethacin (10 mg/kg body weight) in buffered saline, or buffered saline alone, was administered via the tail vein. 2. Following indomethacin administration, urine flow, sodium output and osmolal output were markedly reduced (P less than 0.01). However, there were no measurable changes in the systemic blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, or effective renal plasma flow. 3. It is concluded that the changes in urinary excretion observed after indomethacin are not dependent on changes in effective renal plasma flow or glomerular filtration, and it is suggested that indomethacin inhibits the synthesis of endogenous prostaglandins which directly influence renal tubular function. PMID- 7359419 TI - Comparison of response of cerebellar Purkinje cells and interpositus neurones in chloralose-anaesthetized cats. PMID- 7359421 TI - A method for the simultaneous determination of directional tuning of visual cortical cells for two dissimilar stimuli [proceedings]. PMID- 7359420 TI - Rod and cone signals in the horizontal cells of the tiger salamander retina. AB - 1. Intracellular recordings of horizontal cell responses to monochromatic lights of various wave-lengths and intensities were made in the retina of the larval tiger salamander in order to determine the contributions of rod and cone activities to horizontal cell responses. 2. Under conditions of extensive dark adaptation, and with dim light stimulation, the horizontal cell responses reflected mainly rod activity. In the light-adapted state or at high light intensities the cone contribution was dominant. 3. Bright adapting flashes selectively suppressed the rod component of horizontal cell responses. 4. Intracellular recordings from rods and cones showed that interactions between the two receptor types are very small and cannot account for the large rod--cone mixed input observed in horizontal cells. It is concluded that this input is mediated by direct connexions between receptors and horizontal cells. PMID- 7359422 TI - Feeding in sheep during intraportal infusions of short-chain fatty acids and the effect of liver denervation. AB - 1. Castrated male sheep were prepared with cannulae in the hepatic portal vein and jugular vein through which infusions lasting for 3 hr were made. Animals had free access to a pelleted feed the weight of which was continuously recorded so that feeding behaviour could be studied.2. Infusion into the portal vein of a mixture of salts of short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate, butyrate: 55, 30, 15) caused a dose-dependent depression in food intake, feeding stopping completely with 4.0 m-mole/min of the mixture. Jugular infusion depressed intake slightly, compared with controls.3. Separate infusions of salts of the three acids showed that the effect of the mixture was due almost entirely to its propionate content; 1.2 m-mole/min of propionate into the portal vein almost completely prevented feeding (39 g eaten per 3 hr) compared with jugular infusion at the same rate (210 g) or no infusion (205 g).4. Surgical sectioning of the hepatic nerve plexus around the wall of the hepatic artery was attempted. Of seven animals which recovered normal food intake, three continued to eat during portal vein infusions of propionate at 1.2 m-mole/min; these sheep were subsequently shown to have been at least 95% denervated. One animal was 50% denervated and ate normally during some infusions but not others. In the remaining three, feeding was suppressed by portal vein infusion of propionate, and these were less than 75% denervated.5. It was concluded that there are receptors in the liver which are sensitive to propionate and which have afferent fibres in the hepatic plexus. PMID- 7359423 TI - Temperature sensitivity of catecholamine release in response to different secretagogues [proceedings]. PMID- 7359424 TI - Relationship between arterial oscillation and heart rate [proceedings]. PMID- 7359425 TI - Enkephalin inhibits the release and action of secretin on pancreatic secretion in the dog. AB - 1. Pancreatic bicarbonate and protein secretion as well as immuno-reactive plasma secretin concentration in response to a meal, duodenal acidification and exogenous secretin or octapeptide of cholecystokinin (OP-CCK) have been measured following administration of methionine-enkephalin in chronic pancreatic fistula dogs. 2. Methionine-enkephalin inhibited pancreatic responses to both exogenous hormones (secretin and OP-CCK) and to endogenous hormones released from the gut by food or duodenal acidification. 3. Naloxone, a potent opiate receptor antagonist, partly prevents this methionine-enkephalin-induced inhibition of pancreatic secretion suggesting that this effect might be mediated by opiate receptors. 4. The inhibitory effect of methionine-enkephalin on pancreatic response to endogenous stimulants was more pronounced than that to exogenous hormones and was accompanied by a significant reduction in plasma immuno-reactive secretin concentration. 5. This study indicates that methionine-enkephalin inhibits pancreatic secretion, at least in part, by suppressing the release of the intestinal hormones stimulating the exocrine pancreas. PMID- 7359427 TI - Swelling studies of bovine corneal stroma without bounding membranes. AB - 1. The swelling characteristics of demembranated bovine corneal stroma were studied as a function of time and of the pH and ionic strength of the bathing solution. 2. Compared with other pH values, the stroma swelled least near pH 4. 3. In the pH range 6--10, increasing the pH resulted in an increase both in the rate of swelling and in the hydration reached in a given time. 4. At pH 2 and 4, a final constant value of hydration was attained. At higher pH values no such equilibrium was attained when the hydration of the tissue was followed for at least 100 hr. 5. The swelling at high pH values was consistent with the hypothesis that the Donnan-osmotic contribution is the major component of the swelling pressure. 6. The ionic strength dependence was complex. There was a general decrease of swelling with increase in the ionic strength (mu) until around mu = 0.1. The swelling at mu = 0.15 was greater than at mu = 0.1 and mu = 0.25. 7. The results were interpreted on the assumption that the Donnan-osmotic effect is the major component of the swelling pressure. PMID- 7359426 TI - The actions of dopamine and of sulpiride on regional blood flows in the rat kidney. AB - 1. Blood flow was measured in the renal cortex and medulla of anaesthetized rats by the hydrogen washout method. The effects of dopamine infusion were measured. 2. Low doses of dopamine (20 and 65 n-mole.kg-1.min-1) caused only small increases in renal blood flow, and a higher dose (200 n-mole.kg-1.min-1) caused vasoconstriction. After alpha-blockade with phenoxybenzamine (9 mumole.kg-1), all doses of dopamine caused vasodilatation in the cortex and medulla of the kidney. 3. This dopamine-induced renal vasodilatation was almost abolished by sulpiride (0.7 mumole.kg-1.min-1), but was only slightly attenuated by propranolol (10 mumole.kg-1). 4. Sulpiride did not significantly alter the renal blood flow responses to noradrenaline or isoprenaline, or the blood pressure responses to histamine, acetylcholine, 5HT, noradrenaline and isoprenaline. 5. In normal rats, infusion of sulpiride generally caused a reduction in renal cortical blood flow. This response showed a positive correlation with the initial blood pressure. 6. It is concluded that there are specific dopamine receptors in the renal vasculature of the rat, and that dopamine may play a role in the normal control of renal blood flow. PMID- 7359428 TI - Atropine-resistant cephalic stimulation of gastrin release in dogs [proceedings]. PMID- 7359430 TI - Irreverisble differential block of A- and C-fibres following local nerve heating in the cat. AB - 1. Local heating of a nerve was used to block conduction in the myelinated or A fibres while preserving normal function in most of the non-myelinated or C fibres. Compound action potentials of A- and C-fibres, and impulses in single C fibres were recorded to measure the block. 2. Most experiments were done on the posterior tibial nerve of the cat's hind limb. Conducted heat was applied in successive periods of about 2 min each to 15 mm of the exposed nerve. 3. The range of temperatures used was between 45 and 52 degrees C. Below 46 degrees C no conduction block was obtained. With increasing temperature the cumulative time of heating required to produce a block in at least 99% of A-fibres decreased from around 110 min at 46.5 degrees C to 10 min at 51 degrees C. 4. In the posterior tibial nerve the C-fibre compound action potential was reduced to 0.66 of control (mean of twenty-two experiments) when the A-fibre action potential was less than 1% of control. The corresponding value of this selectivity coefficient was 0.20 in seven superficial peroneal and sural nerves. 5. Once a conduction block of A fibres was reached the remaining C-fibres showed normal functioning, including conduction of repetitive impulses at up to 30 Hz evoked by electrical nerve and adequate skin stimulation. C-fibre conduction persisted for at least 33 h, but not longer than 3 days. 6. This pure C-fibre nerve might be useful for studying central nervous system effects of C-fibres. PMID- 7359429 TI - Adaptation of neutral amino acid transfer systems in the avian small intestine during starvation [proceedings]. PMID- 7359431 TI - Effects of hypercapnia, hypoxia and increase in tidal volume on vagal bronchopulmonary C fibres in cat [proceedings]. PMID- 7359432 TI - Interaction of impulse activities originating from individual Golgi tendon organs innervated by branches of a single axon. AB - 1. Both physiological and morphological studies revealed that cat tail muscles contain at least one pair of Golgi tendon organs innervated by branches of a single axon. 2. Fifteen pairs of such organs were subjected to physiological studies. It was found that, depending on the experimental conditions, two modes of interaction, 'resetting' and 'impulse mixing' may occur between impulse activities originating from individual tendon organs. 3. When a single action potential was elicited from one of a pair of Golgi tendon organs during an interimpulse interval of a train of impulse discharge originating from the partner organ, the subsequent impulses in the train were delayed ('resetting'). Similarly, if both organs were stimulated individually by a mechanical pulse to elicit a train of discharge, then during stimulation of both, only the response of one responding with higher frequency discharge was seen in the parent axon, the impulse activity of the partner organ being completely suppressed during this period. 4. Using the conditioning-test technique it was demonstrated that the initiation of an action potential in one of a pair of Golgi tendon organs caused a significant decrease in excitability of the partner organ to mechanical stimulation. 5. Mixing of impulse discharges originating from individual Golgi tendon organs was shown to occur during stimulation of both by suprathreshold short mechanical pulses. 6. The functional implication of the above results has been discussed. PMID- 7359433 TI - Effect of electrically induced exercise in anaesthetized dogs on ventilation and arterial pH [proceedings]. PMID- 7359434 TI - Visual pigments of rods and cones in a human retina. AB - 1. Microspectrophotometric measurements have been made of the photopigments of individual rods and cones from the retina of a man. The measuring beam was passed transversely through the isolated outer segments. 2. The mean absorbance spectrum for rods (n = 11) had a peak at 497.6 +/- 3.3 nm and the mean transverse absorbance was 0.035 +/- 0.007. 3. Three classes of cones were identified. The long-wave cones ('red' cones) had a lambda max of 562.8 +/- 4.7 nm (n = 19) with a mean transverse absorbance of 0.027 +/- 0.005. The middle-wave cones ('green' cones) had a lambda max of 533.8 +/- 3.7 nm (n = 11) with a mean transverse absorbance of 0.032 +/- 0.007. The short-wave cones ('blue' cones) had a lambda max of 420.3 +/- 4.7 nm (n = 3) with a mean transverse absorbance of 0.037 +/- 0.011. 4. If assumptions are made about the length of cones and about pre receptoral absorption, it is possible to derive psychophysical sensitivities for the cones that closely resemble the appropriate pi mechanisms of W. S. Stiles. 5. If assumptions are made about the length of rods and about pre-receptoral absorption, however, the psychophysical sensitivity derived for the rods is considerably broader than the C.I.E. scotopic sensitivity function. PMID- 7359435 TI - Transcutaneous and intravascular Po2 measurement following umbilical cord occlusion in the fetal lamb [proceedings]. PMID- 7359436 TI - Vagal afferent discharge from mechanoreceptors in different regions of the ferret stomach. AB - 1. The rate and volume of gastric filling was estimated in conscious ferrets by measuring the amount of milk they would drink after an overnight fast. The mean volume was 94.5 +/- 7.5 ml. at a rate of 13.0 +/- 0.74 ml./min. An intragastric infusion rate of 10 ml./min to a total of 50 ml. was selected as a standard distension stimulus. 2. Action potentials were recorded from single gastric afferent fibres in the cervical vagus. All but two of thirty-six afferent units were tonically active when the stomach was deflated. 3. Afferent fibres arising from receptors in the antrum showed modulation in phase with spontaneously occurring antral contractions. Afferent fibres from the corpus and fundus, however, discharged at irregular rates between 0.35 and 7.5 Hz with no correlation with the intragastric pressure rises associated with the antral contractions. 4. Inflation of the stomach with 50 ml. 0.9% NaCl at a rate of 10 ml./min stimulated antral motility and the rhythmic afferent discharge from the antrum was enhanced Receptors in the corpus and fundus increased their rate of discharge with increasing gastric volumes. Receptors in the region between the antrum and the corpus had the property of both types so that they responded to both distension and contractions. 5. On distension with 0.9% NaCl, fluid is distributed unevenly in the stomach. 80% was accommodated in the corpus and fundus, the remainder of the fluid entering the antrum. 6. The tension was measured in strips of stomach wall taken from corpus and antrum. For equal increments of stretch the development of tension was greater in the antral than in corpus strips. This physical property together with neurally mediated receptive relaxation of the corpus is the reason for the fluid distribution described above. 7. It is concluded that the properties of the tension receptor are determined by their site in the stomach. Those in the body and fundus signal the degree of distension and those in the antrum signal information concerning the amplitude, rate and duration of antral contractions. PMID- 7359437 TI - Effect of erythrocyte surface potential on time dependent thixotropy of human blood [proceedings]. PMID- 7359438 TI - Changes in cerebral blood flow in humans during hyperventilation and CO2 breathing [proceedings]. PMID- 7359440 TI - The effect of placental extract on platelet aggregation [proceedings]. PMID- 7359439 TI - Post-synaptic conductance increase associated with presynaptic inhibition in cat lumbar motoneurones. AB - 1. Motoneurones were examined in which low-intensity p.b.s.t conditioning volleys caused a 5% or greater decrease of gastrocnemius monosynaptic e.p.s.p.s without evidence of long-lasting i.p.s.p.s on superimposed single sweeps. 2. Short constant current pulses were injected into these cells and in twenty-two of twenty-three cases the voltage decay was faster when preceded by the same p.b.s.t. conditioning stimuli which caused a decrease in the Ia e.p.s.p. 3. Comparing these decays to short pulse decays generated in a simple analogue neurone model suggested that after conditioning stimuli a tonic conductance increase had occurred which was located electrotonically remote from the soma in some cases or more diffusely in other cases. 4. Long-lasting i.p.s.p.s were brought out by averaging the baseline following conditioning stimuli in ten of fifteen cases, also suggesting a post-synaptic conductance increase. 5. Averaging the voltage response to long saturating constant current pulses showed a decreased motoneurone input resistance in three of eight cases. 6. The semilogarithmic decay of four of eleven conditioned e.p.s.p.s was more rapid than controls. 7. Although short pulse voltage decay analysis revealed consistent evidence for increased post-synaptic conductance following conditioning stimuli, it was not possible to decide if the location and extent of this conductance increase were sufficient to rule out presynaptic inhibition. PMID- 7359442 TI - An electronic analogue of single unit recording from the cochlear nerve for teaching and research [proceedings]. PMID- 7359441 TI - Gastrin cell proliferation after chronic stimulation: effect of vagal denervation or gastric surgery in the rat. AB - Chronic stimulation of the antral gastrin cells by elevated antral pH was achieved by fundectomy, antrum exclusion, fundectomy plus antrum exclusion, antrocolic transposition, and vagal denervation plus pyloroplasty. For comparison we studied also the effects of pyloroplasty alone and of portacaval shunting. All operations that elevated the antral pH resulted in high gastrin concentrations in serum. Particularly high concentrations were observed in fundectomized rats. Vagal denervation of fundectomized or antrum excluded rats reduced the serum gastrin concentration slightly compared with the corresponding innervated animals. Portacaval shunting reduced the gastrin concentration in serum. The antral gastrin concentration was raised or unchanged following fundectomy and vagal denervation, and reduced following antrum exclusion, antrum exclusion plus vagotomy, fundectomy plus antrum exclusion, fundectomy plus vagotomy, antrocolic transposition and portacaval shunt. The gastrin cell density in the antral mucosa was raised following fundectomy, vagotomy, and fundectomy plus vagotomy, unchanged following fundectomy plus antrum exclusion and antrocolic transposition, and reduced following antrum exclusion and portacaval shunting. Ultrastructurally the gastrin (G) cells in the excluded antrum and in the antrum of fundectomized rats showed signs of secretory activity in that the granule volume density or the number of granules per unit cytoplasm was lowered. In the fundectomized rats moreover, the endoplasmic reticulum of the G cells was increased, the Golgi area enlarged and the proportion and volume density of electron dense granules greatly increased. The granule profile diameter was not affected by either antrum exclusion or fundectomy. The results on the excluded antrum indicate that elevated antral pH per se is not sufficient to produce gastrin cell proliferation. In the fundectomized rats, where the hyperlasia of antral gastrin cells was considerable, there is the added stimulus of ingested food. In fundectomized plus antrum excluded rats this stimulus is eliminated and no proliferation ensues. The passage of intestinal material, as in the rats subjected to antrocolic transposition, did not elicit gastrin cell proliferation which seems to suggest that the character of the luminal material is important. We propose therefore that gastrin cell proliferation is due to the combined stimulation of high antral pH and passage of food. Vagal innervation is not required. PMID- 7359444 TI - Reflex excitation of antral motility induced by gastric distension in the ferret. AB - 1. In the urethane anaesthetized ferret gastric inflation with 50 ml. 0.9% NaCl at a rate of 10 ml./min evoked large gastric contractions. The threshold of intragastric pressure required to elicit the reflex was 3.1 +/- 0.5 cmH2O. 2. The response was enhanced by splanchnic nerve section and markedly reduced by bilateral cervical vagotomy, indicating that both afferent and efferent limbs of the reflex were in the vagus nerves. 3. By using a transected stomach it was shown that distension of the corpus evoked contractions of the antrum that were abolished by vagotomy. 4. The reflex activation of antral motility by vagal afferents with receptive fields in the corpus may play a physiological role in gastric emptying. PMID- 7359443 TI - The reflex release of adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal glands of cats and dogs. AB - 1. We have studied the release of noradrenaline and adrenaline from the adrenal glands of dogs and cats in response to the lowering of carotid sinus pressure (baroreceptor tests) and to the perfusion of the vascularly isolated carotid bifurcations with hypoxic blood (chemoreceptor tests). 2. In cats, the resting output of catecholamines had a ratio of noradrenaline to adrenaline of 1:1. The ratio in the incremental release during baroreceptor tests rose to 3:1, and during chemoreceptor tests it fell to 1:6. 3. In dogs, the ratio of noradrenaline to adrenaline at rest was 1:4. The ratio did not change over a wide range of outputs during baroreceptor tests, chemoreceptor tests and splanchnic nerve stimulation. 4. The release of catecholamines in response to baroreceptor tests in the cat was abolished by hexamethomium bromide at doses that did not diminish the response to chemoreceptor tests. PMID- 7359445 TI - Recording of the Kemp echo and tinnitus from the ear canal without averaging [proceedings]. PMID- 7359447 TI - An electronic interface for varying the bin-width of the NL 750 Averager [proceedings]. PMID- 7359446 TI - Interactions between extraocular proprioceptive and visual signals in the superior colliculus of the cat. AB - 1. The responses of units in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus to stretch of extrinsic ocular muscles (e.o.m.) and to visual stimuli, delivered singly and paired at various inter-stimulus intervals, were studied in chloralose anaesthetized cats. 2. Most units responded to visual stimuli and about half also gave phasic excitatory responses to stretch of e.o.m. 3. Signals from the e.o.m. of each eye reach both superior colliculi; only those in the colliculus ipsilateral to the e.o.m. stretched were studied in detail. 4. A variety of control experiments provided evidence that the signal leading to the responses to e.o.m. stretch was extraretinal. The strong probability is that the receptors responsible were in the extrinsic ocular muscles or their tendons. 5. Of fifty six units, twenty-four (43%) showed definite interactions between the effects of visual stimuli delivered to the left eye and those due to stretch of e.o.m. of the right eye whose retina had been destroyed. 6. Interactions were found with both stationary and moving visual stimuli. They involved either enhancement or reduction (sometimes abolition) of the response to either e.o.m. or visual stimulation, particularly the latter. 7. Units with interactions showed one of three types of behaviour. (1) Excitatory responses to visual and e.o.m. stimuli given singly, and interactions when the two types of stimulus were paired at some time intervals. Suppression and abolition of visual responses by preceding e.o.m. stretch was common. (2) Units with little or no excitatory response to e.o.m. stretch applied alone, but with showed reduction of their visual responses by preceding e.o.m. stretch. (3) Units with minimal responses to either type of stimulus presented alone but which gave markedly enhanced responses when visual and e.o.m. stimuli were paired. 8. These interactions between proprioceptive and retinal signals are thought to allow retinal image movements which result from saccades to be distinguished from those due to movement of objects in the external world. PMID- 7359448 TI - Reverse discrimination and aggressive behavior. AB - Aggression of each of 32 white male and female university students toward an opponent who had just defeated him in a competition was assessed in a 2 X 2 experiment design in which the winning opponent was either a black or a white and the loss was for one or two reasons: because the opponent 1) was economically deprived or 2) had superior ability. It was assumed that those Ss who had lost to a black opponent because this person was economically deprived experienced reverse discrimination based on race. Results indicated that white Ss were more aggressive toward a black when the loss was based on economic deprivation (reverse discrimination) than towards a white when the loss was due to economic deprivation (an arbitrary loss but not based on race), whereas white Ss were less aggressive towards a black opponent than towards a white opponent when the Ss lost because of the other's superior ability. The practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 7359449 TI - Personality, demographic, and intellectual variables associated with readiness for discharge from psychiatric treatment. AB - This study examined the relationship between staff rated discharge readiness and patient personality, demographic, and intellectual variables. Chi square and t test analyses were performed on data of 88 male and female adult patients of a short-term residential psychiatric treatment program. Patient diagnosis, trait anxiety level, marital status, age, and abstract intelligence scores assessed at admission were found to be significantly associated with staff ratings of patients' readiness for discharge following six weeks of treatment. Findings were discussed in terms of prior process and outcome literature and implications for future research. PMID- 7359450 TI - Death anxiety among university students in Northern Ireland and Canada. AB - Male and female university students in Northern Ireland (n = 315) and Canada (n = 255) completed Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) and the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS). Results of a discriminant function analysis indicated that Canadian students showed more concern about being afraid to die and thoughts of death, while students from the North of Ireland were more concerned about getting cancer, the shortness of life, and the viewing of a corpse. However, total DAS scores failed to show significance between group differences (p greater than .10). Correlations between DAS and MAS total scores were r = .34 for Northern Ireland and r = .31 for Canadian students. PMID- 7359451 TI - Perceived parental acceptance-rejection and the development of children's locus of control. AB - In a study of relationships between locus of control and perceived parental acceptance-rejection as they vary by age, 271 boys and girls from 9 through 11 years of age were administered the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale, short form, and the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire. A multiple regression/correlation analysis revealed that internality increased significantly with children's age and with children's perceptions of increased parental acceptance. Moreover, age and parenting jointly accounted for 22% of the variance in children's locus of control scores. PMID- 7359452 TI - The aetiology of cancer. PMID- 7359454 TI - Bacterial contamination of intravenous cannulas in a surgical unit. A prospective study. PMID- 7359453 TI - Internal stabilisation of the radial head in anterior Monteggia fracture. PMID- 7359455 TI - Colon preparation. PMID- 7359456 TI - Volvulus of the sigmoid colon. PMID- 7359457 TI - Stercoral perforation of the large bowel. PMID- 7359458 TI - Duodenal obstruction due to gallstones. PMID- 7359459 TI - Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone simulating compressing intracranial haematoma in head-injured patients. PMID- 7359460 TI - Hair coil strangulation of the penis. PMID- 7359461 TI - Triorchism. PMID- 7359463 TI - Congenital abnormalities in adult surgery. PMID- 7359462 TI - Dysphagia after oesophagocardiomyotomy. PMID- 7359464 TI - Advanced implantation in mink (Mustela vison) treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate during early embryonic diapause. AB - Adult and pubertal female mink mated on 4 March were administered 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or control vehicle on 9-11 March. Pregnancies were shorter (P less than 0.01) in adult (60 +/- 2 days) than in pubertal (72 +/- 0.7 days) control animals. Treatment with MPA reduced (P less than 0.01) the length of pregnancy in both adult (51 +/- 1 days) and pubertal (60 +/- 2 days) mink but did not significantly affect serum progesterone levels on 3-4 April. Observations at laparotomy during April confirmed the effects of age and treatment on the time of implantation and suggested that implantation sites become grossly visible 28 days before parturition. It is concluded that administration of a progestagen during early embryonic diapause can advance the time of implantation in mink. PMID- 7359465 TI - Fertilization in vitro of hamster and mouse eggs in a chemically defined medium. AB - Hamster and mouse eggs with follicular cells were penetrated by epididymal spermatozoa in a modified Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate solution known to be suitable for fertilization of rat eggs in vitro. The highest proportion (84-88%) of hamster eggs penetrated was observed when 6-30 eggs with follicular cells were introduced into 10 microliter sperm suspension. Greater volumes of sperm suspension reduced the proportions of eggs fertilized, while increased numbers of eggs in the same volume gave greater penetration rates. No fertilization was observed when 21-30 denuded hamster eggs were introduced into 10-100 microliter sperm suspension, indicating that capacitation and/or acrosome reaction of hamster epididymal spermatozoa was induced only by the post-ovulatory oviduct contents in this medium. However, when small numbers (10-20) of mouse eggs with or without follicular cells were incubated in a large volume (400 microliter) of sperm suspension 84-96% and 91% were penetrated, respectively, suggesting a lack of importance of the products of ovulation on mouse sperm capacitation. The incidence of polyspermy was very low for the hamster (0-13%) and mouse eggs (0 10%). PMID- 7359466 TI - Effect of oestrogen antisera early in gestation on pregnancy maintenance in the pig. AB - Injection of antisera to oestradiol-17 beta and to oestrone from Days 10 to 21 of pregnancy had no effect on the maintenance of the corpora lutea or the initiation of placental attachment in the pig. PMID- 7359467 TI - Effects of season, lactation and plane of nutrition on the reproductive performance and associated plasma LH and progesterone profiles in hormonally treated ewes. AB - Two experiments were designed to determine the effects of duration of lactation and plane of nutrition on the reproductive performance of Finn x Dorset Horn ewes mated at a hormonally induced oestrus 9 weeks after lambing. In Exp. 1, ewes were mated on 4 December or 19 March and lactation was terminated at 35 or 15 days before mating or 7 or 35 days after mating. The fertility of ewes lactating at the time of mating was reduced, particularly in ewes mated in March. This was not attributable to differences between lactating and non-lactating ewes for the incidence of oestrus, ovulation rate, litter size or the pattern of LH production. Indirect evidence based on progesterone profiles and returns to service suggest that reproductive failure was due to failure of fertilization and to embryonic death. In Exp. 2 ewes were mated on 1 July or 15 October. Lactation was terminated 15 days before or 7 days after mating and the ewes in each group were subjected to a high or low plane nutrition. Lactation depressed fertility in ewes mated in July but not in those mated in October. While the fertility of non lactating ewes was independent of nutritional treatment, lactating ewes on a low plane and mated in July had a higher lambing rate than those on a high plane of nutrition. Nutritional effects on fertility appeared to be mediated through changes in milk production and reproductive failures were attributed to failure of fertilization and embryonic death. Seasonal and treatment effects on the incidence of oestrus and on ovulation rates, litter sizes and LH production were small and of little importance. PMID- 7359468 TI - Metabolism of [3H]oestrone sulphate by fetal membranes, placenta and uterine tissues from pregnant rabbits. AB - The distribution of radioactivity within the fetal membranes and uterine tissues from pregnant rabbits after an intra-amniotic injection of [3H]oestrone sulphate was determined, and the conversion to oestrone and oestradiol-17 beta during in vitro incubation of these tissues with [3H]oestrone sulphate was measured. After intra-amniotic injection, radioactive oestrone and oestradiol-17 beta were recovered from amniotic fluid, amnion, placenta, decidua and myometrium of the injected fetus, and, in some experiments, from tissues of an adjacent fetus. During incubation, extensive metabolism of oestrone sulphate occurred in placenta and chorion, and oestrone sulphatase and 17-oxidoreductase activities were found in these tissues as well as in amnion, decidua and myometrium. We suggest that oestrone sulphate, present in amniotic fluid, may be accessible for metabolism to unconjugated oestrogen by several intrauterine tissues of the pregnant rabbit. PMID- 7359469 TI - Ovulation and embryo survival rates and plasma progesterone concentrations of prolific ewes treated with PMSG. AB - Finnish Landrace x Dorset Horn ewes of two flocks comprising 47 and 51 animals were mated to Suffolk rams at a synchronized oestrus on 9 December (Flock D) and 8 April (Flock A) after treatment with 500 i.u. PMSG. The ewes were slaughtered between 50 and 145 days of pregnancy. The mean +/- s.e.m. ovulation rates were 4.5 +/- 0.24 (Flock D) and 5.0 +/- 0.32 (Flock A) for ewes which conceived to the induced oestrus and the corresponding litter sizes were 2.8 +/- 0.15 and 2.8 +/- 0.18. Mean concentrations of progesterone in the peripheral plasma during pregnancy were higher for Flock D than for Flock A ewes both in early (P less than 0.001) and late (P less than 0.05) pregnancy. An increase in ovulation rate, up to 4 or 5, was associated with an increase in mean litter size. There was evidence that higher ovulation rates were counterproductive. PMID- 7359470 TI - Effects of season, lactation and plane of nutrition on prolactin concentrations in ovine plasma and the role of prolactin in the control of ewe fertility. AB - Plasma prolactin concentrations during the first 2 months after lambing, at oestrus, and during early pregnancy were investigated in 2 experiments in which Finn x Dorset Horn ewes were mated at an induced oestrus approximately 9 weeks after lambing. Mean prolactin concentrations between lambing and mating were dependent on seasons, being greater than 260 ng/ml plasma in lactating ewes mated in July and less than 150 ng/ml in those mated in October. Within 8 days of weaning of the lambs at 50 days post partum values declined to 122 and 30 ng/ml respectively. Plane of nutrition had little effect on prolactin levels. Higher prolactin values were recorded during oestrus in ewes mated in March or July, the normal period of anoestrus, than in December, the normal breeding season, mean values being approximately 200 ng/ml and 35 ng/ml respectively. The mean increases in the concentrations of prolactin during oestrus were smaller in lactating than non-lactating ewes. It is suggested that these differences in prolactin levels may be responsible for the effects of season and lactation on ewe fertility. PMID- 7359471 TI - Ovulatory changes in the wall at the apex of the human Graafian follicle. AB - The apical wall was studied ultrastructurally in 16 human follicles at various stages of development. In the theca externa and tunica albuginea at the apex of growing follicles, fibroblasts with little cytoplasm and abundant collagen fibres were observed. In the mature follicles, the fibroblastic cytoplasm was well developed, rich in lysosome-like granules and contained peripheral multivesicular structures. Intercellular collagen fibres were sparse. It is suggested that the collagen fibres are digested by the content of lysosomal granules and multivesicular structures, thus aiding follicular rupture. PMID- 7359472 TI - H-Y antigen in a fertile XY female horse. AB - The presence of significantly reduced levels of H-Y antigen in the blood of an XY mare is consistent with the view that H-Y genes comprise a system of testis determinants. Loss or suppression of a critical portion of H-Y genes and subthreshold expression of H-Y antigen could account for a failure of testicular differentiation, thereby allowing a measure of ovarian development in an XY embryo. PMID- 7359473 TI - In-vitro uptake of glucose by bovine blastocysts. AB - Blastocysts, obtained from cows on Day 10-11 after oestrus, were cultured for 20 h. Most (81.3%) blastocysts grew in culture and about 50% took up glucose. There was no morphological difference between the blastocysts which did or did not take up glucose but development in vivo was better for blastocysts which had taken up glucose (69.2%) than for those which did not (14.2%). PMID- 7359474 TI - The effect of oestrogen on uterine plasticity in late pregnant rats. AB - Intrauterine pressure was recorded in anaesthetized rats on Day 20 of pregnancy by the replacement of a conceptus with a balloon. Intrauterine pressure in ovariectomized pregnant rats treated with progesterone alone was markedly higher than that in intact pregnant rats, but treatment with oestradiol as well reduced values to those of controls. Oestriol and oestrone were less effective. Uterine tolerance, tested by increasing the balloon volume until the uterus ruptured, was greater than 6.5 ml in intact rats and in ovariectomized rats treated with progesterone + oestradiol, but rupture occurred at a volume of 4.3 ml when progesterone alone was used. One of the roles of oestrogen during late pregnancy in rats may be to ensure sufficient plasticity of the uterus to allow for the increase in conceptus size. PMID- 7359475 TI - Effects of testosterone and oestrogen on serum prolactin in the androgen insensitive rat. AB - Serum prolactin levels in intact, castrated, and castrated adrenalectomized normal and male pseudohermaphrodite (Tfm) rats were compared before and after administering testosterone oenanthate and oestradiol benzoate. Without steroids, castration alone and castration plus adrenalectomy effected a drop in prolactin titres which was greater in the castrated-adrenalectomized rats. Although testosterone did not raise the prolactin titres in any of the animals studied, oestrogen raised them far above normal in all. The fall in prolactin following castration and castration + adrenalectomy could be the result of removal of organs that were producing oestrogen. PMID- 7359476 TI - Resistance of human syncytiotrophoblast to hypotonic and thermal stress. AB - Human placental syncytiotrophoblast was not lysed when exposed to acutely hypotonic environments (distilled water) or during repeated freeze-thawing. The ability of the syncytiotrophoblast to synthesize and secrete hCG was not blocked after exposure to hypotonic stress (0.055 osmol) and elevated temperature (47 degrees C), treatments which caused lysis of erythrocytes and lymphocytes. The stress-resistant property of the syncytiotrophoblast may be an important element in enabling its survival as a barrier between the maternal environment and the conceptus. PMID- 7359477 TI - Effect of local application of sympathomimetic drugs to the epididymis on fertility in rats. AB - Insertion of Silastic rods containing the directly acting sympathomimetic drug, methoxamine, adjacent to the epididymis of rats caused a temporary reduction in fertility with no loss of ability to mate. This effect lasted up to 3 weeks. At the time of the maximal antifertility action (3-7 days after insertion), the number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate fell to almost zero, and there was a reduction in the total number of spermatozoa in the epididymis resulting from a significant drop in the number present in the cauda. Methoxamine also caused immotility and decapitation of the remaining epididymal spermatozoa. The indirectly acting sympathomimetics, tyramine and norephedrine, did not affect fertility. It is postulated that methoxamine acts to induce infertility principally by bringing about a reduction of sperm numbers in the ejaculate. This could have been produced either by a failure of the vas and cauda to contract normally at copulation or because the sperm store in the cauda had fallen below a critical threshold level. PMID- 7359478 TI - Frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in early embryos of the domestic sheep (Ovis aries). AB - Embryos or unfertilized eggs were collected 2 or 3 days post coitum from mature sheep of various breeds and crosses. The karyotypes of 89 of the 376 collected were established. There were 44 embryos with 2n = 54XX, 30 with 2n = 54XY;1 was a 2n/1n mouse; 4 had 2n + 1 chromosomes giving an incidence of trisomy of 4.7%; and 1 unfertilized egg had n = 28. The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was 6%, and 1.3% of the eggs or embryos had a cracked zona pellucida. PMID- 7359479 TI - Effect of steroids on oocyte maturation and atresia in mouse ovarian fragments in vitro. AB - Ovaries from pubertal mice were dissected into fragments containing 1-4 antral follicles which were cultured on the surface of a chemically defined, modified Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (MEM). After 17-20 h oocytes were released from the cultured follicles and their meiotic status recorded. In the presence and absence of exogenous gonadotrophins, oocytess in these cultures behaved meiotically as expected if they had been studied in vivo. Medium containing progesterone (10 microM), testosterone (100 microM), or androstenedione (100 microM) increased the incidence of oocytes remaining meiotically inactive compared to follicles cultured in steroid-free medium. Lower concentrations of the above steroids or pregnenolone (1-100 microM) did not affect the meiotic status of cultured follicle-enclosed oocytes. Most (61%) of the dictyate oocytes released from steroid-treated follicles resumed and/or completed the first meiotic division when cultured further in steroid-free medium. Progesterone (100 microM) caused atresia of oocytes and follicle cells which increased as the period of follicular exposure to progesterone was increased. PMID- 7359480 TI - Effects of active immunization against oestradiol-17 beta, testosterone or progesterone on receptivity in the female rabbit and evaluation of specificity. AB - Juvenile does were actively immunized against oestradiol-17 beta, testosterone, progesterone or BSA. Depending on the antigen, the antibody titres at 17 weeks ranged between less than 1:10,000 and 1:500,000. Specificity of the antisera was high as judged by cross-reactivity studies. However, significant binding of [3H]oestradiol-17 beta (7-30%) was observed in 1:100 diluted sera raised against testosterone, and 21-48% binding of [3H]testosterone in sera raised against oestradiol-17 beta (binding in control animals being 1-8%). Total serum oestradiol-17 beta levels (RIA) were not only elevated (P less than or equal to 0.05, compared to controls) in does immunized with oestradiol-17 beta but also in does immunized with testosterone. Production of antibodies against progesterone did not interfere with receptivity but none of the does gave birth. Receptivity and consequently pregnancy were prevented by immunization against oestradiol-17 beta, suggesting that oestrogen is necessary for receptivity in the rabbit. Receptivity was also blocked in does immunized against testosterone. It is suggested that this is a non-specific effect and a consequence of oestradiol inactivation due to increased binding in serum. PMID- 7359482 TI - Transplantation of the gonads of hypogonadal (hpg) mice. AB - Testes from hypogonadal (hpg) mice transplanted under the tunica albuginea of the testes of normal mice displayed full spermatogenic activity after 84 days. When ovaries of hpg mice were transplanted to the periovarian capsule of ovariectomized normal females ripe follicles and corpora lutea developed. Although small remnants of normal ovary were found after this operation, the fact that 5 out of 11 normal females bearing transplanted ovaries and mating with heterozygous males raised litters containing hpg mice shows that the ovary of the mutant is capable of producing ova which can be fertilized. PMID- 7359481 TI - Phospholipid synthesis in the preimplantation mouse embryo. AB - Synthesis of phospholipid during cleavage, compaction and blastocyst formation of the preimplantation mouse embryo was investigated using [methyl-3H]-choline as a specific precursor. The only choline-containing lipids found to incorporate label were phosphatidylcholine and lysolecithin. [Methyl-3H]choline incorporation into lipid was detectable at the 2-cell stage and increased 9-13-fold (on a per embryo basis) during the 8-cell stage and subsequent compaction of the morula. Incorporation of choline was also elevated in the blastocyst but could not be compared accurately with the rates observed in earlier embryos due to uncertainty about the size of the endogenous choline pool at this stage. Choline kinase (assayed in vitro) was detectable at every stage, its activity increased during development and paralleled (qualitatively) the extent of phosphocholine formation in intact embryos. Phospholipid turnover and choline base exchange did not contribute significantly to [methyl-3H]choline incorporation into lipid, which is hence judged to represent denovo synthesis of phospholipid via the Kennedy pathway. Mouse embryo lipids exhibit several features which may be characteristic of immature cells and which could influence the properties of their membranes. These include the absence of detectable sphingomyelin synthesis and the presence of demonstrable deacylation and turnover of phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 7359483 TI - Annual reproductive pattern in the springhaas, Pedetes capensis. AB - The springhaas, Pedetes capensis, is capable of breeding throughout the year in the Orange Free State province of South Africa and fetuses of all sizes were found throughout the year. The highest incidence of pregnancies was found during the winter months July and August with the majority of embryos and small fetuses occurring between April and July and most larger fetuses thereafter. Birth weight was probably 280-300 g. Juveniles stay in the burrows until they have attained a body mass of 1.5 kg. Once spermatogenesis is established at a liveweight of about 2.5 kg it appears to be continuous. There was an indication that plasma LH and progesterone concentrations were related to corpus luteum diameter. PMID- 7359484 TI - Sperm tail axoneme alterations in the Wobbler mouse. AB - In Wobbler mice (neurological mutants affected with progressive motor neurone degenerative disease) a defect in sperm tail mobility and axonemal geometry was observed. Similar but less extensive abnormalities were seen in the ciliary axonemes of the ductuli efferentes. PMID- 7359485 TI - Treatment of neonatal rats with progesterone alters the capacity of the uterus to form deciduomata. AB - Progesterone, given to rats on Days 7-9 after birth, abolishes the capacity of the adult uterus to form a deciduoma. Treatment on Days 3-5 reduces the response and on Days 13-15 has no effect. PMID- 7359486 TI - Effect of prostaglandins A-1, E-2 and F-2 alpha on spermatogenesis in rats. AB - Rats were treated with twice daily injections of 100 microgram PG/rat for 15 days. PGA-1 had no effect. PGE-2 caused a significant increase in testicular weight, RNA content, hyaluronidase activity and number of spermatids. PGF-2 alpha produced a significant decrease in sorbitol dehydrogenase activity and DNA content. It is suggested that PGE-2 may be involved in later stages of spermatogenesis, i.e. conversion of spermatocytes to spermatids. PMID- 7359487 TI - The use of a pregnancy-specific antigen, chorionic somatomammotrophin, as an indicator of pregnancy in sheep. AB - Measurement of the serum concentrations of ovine chorionic sommatomammotrophin (oCS) showed that the values could be used to distinguish non-pregnant (100%) and pregnant (97%) ewes from Day 64 after mating. Values of oCS in non-pregnant ewes were less than 5 ng/ml. PMID- 7359488 TI - Characterization of the binding of 125I-labelled succinylated porcine relaxin to human and mouse fibroblasts. AB - A biologically-active succinylated porcine relaxin was iodinated by a modification of the Bolton-Hunter method. Fibroblasts cultured from the mouse pubic symphysis and human skin were used to investigate relaxin binding sites. 125I-labelled relaxin binding to both cell types was time- and temperature dependent. An accelerated rate of labelled hormone degradation (90%) was observed when both cell types were incubated at 37 degrees C. Specific relaxin binding sites on the mouse and human cells were observed as other peptides, such as insulin, epidermal growth factor, glucagon, hFSH and human prolactin, failed to inhibit relaxin binding. Further results indicate that porcine relaxin is mitogenic to these specific fibroblasts because increasing concentrations (10(-9) to 10(-6) M) of this hormone stimulated cell growth in vitro. These data suggest that the effect of relaxin at the target tissue level is mitotic in nature. PMID- 7359489 TI - A change in the frequency of the degenerating spermatogonia in the rat. AB - In right and left testes of the same animals, the frequencies of degeneration of type A spermatogonia were almost equal. When one testis was removed, there was a negative correlation of the frequency of the degenerating spermatogonia in this testis and the other after 25 days. PMID- 7359490 TI - Induction by young of prolonged dioestrus in virgin rats behaving maternally. AB - The present investigation examined, by study of daily vaginal smears, whether the interaction of virgin female rats with young affected the oestrous cycle. Virgins behaving non-maternally or maternally were continuously exposed to young for extended periods. (1) All non-maternal virgins continued to cycle while 87% of maternal virgins ceased to cycle when exposed to young, and entered a series of prolonged dioestrous phases, each lasting about 14 days. Likewise, all maternal parous non-lactating controls exposed to young entered prolonged dioestrus. (2) The dioestrous phase induced by young in virgins was characterized by the decidual response. (3) Young aged 4-9 days were as effective as 10-15-day-old young for inducing and maintaining the dioestrus. (4) Confinement of young in a wire-mesh basket showed that body contact with young was essential to establish dioestrus. (5) Body contact with young was sufficient to induce dioestrus in maternal virgins with excised nipples. (6) Once established, the dioestrus could be maintained for about 12 days after removal of young as early as Day 4 of dioestrus in virgin and parous non-lactating females, but removal of young on Day 6 from post-partum lactating females resulted in a rapid resumption of cyclicity. (7) Prolonged suckling during a series of dioestrous phases induced lactation in 61% of maternal virgins, as well as in all parous control females. PMID- 7359491 TI - Hormonal and behavioural patterns in the male camel (Camelus dromedarius). AB - Androgen levels in blood and the behaviour of male camels were determined during 1 year. In the months January to April large amounts of androgens were found in blood serum (approximately 30 ng/ml compared with approximately 2 ng/ml throughout the remaining months) as well as in a secretion from glands on the back of the neck (36 ng/ml). During this period when hormone levels were high the behaviour of the camels changed: they became unmanageable, blew-out a palatal flap from the mouth, vocalized, and spread urine over their backs with the aid of their tails. The changes in the sexual cycle of the male camels corresponded with the oestrous period in female camels. PMID- 7359492 TI - Estimation of oestrone sulphate in the serum of pregnant sows. AB - Oestrone sulphate was extracted from pig serum with tetrahydrofuran and then hydrolysed with sulphatase. The radioimmunoassay of liberated oestrone was carried out directly on the reaction mixture. Oestrone sulphate concentrations were less than 60 pg/ml in non-pregnant sows. Detectable concentrations of oestrone sulphate were found in serum as early as the 18th day of gestation, and these rose to maximum levels of 2.1-3.5 ng/ml by Days 26-29 then fell to about 0.1 ng/ml by Day 37. Serum oestrone sulphate concentrations were not related to litter size, but were good indicators of early pregnancy. PMID- 7359493 TI - Serum progesterone concentrations in cows receiving embryo transfers. AB - Progesterone concentrations in systemic blood were determined by radioimmunoassay in crossbred cattle used as recipients in an embryo transfer programme. An embryo was transferred surgically to the uterine horn of 528 females which were in oestrus within one half-day of the donor. Jugular blood was obtained at the time embryos were transferred (3-7 days after oestrus) and again from most females between Days 9 and 14. Pregnancy was determined by rectal palpation 45-65 days after oestrus. There were no significant differences between serum progesterone levels of females which remained pregnant and those which did not. Out of 177 pregnant recipients, none had serum progesterone levels less than 0.5 ng/ml on Days 10, 11, or 12 but in 8, values were less than 1.0 ng/ml. Blood samples were also taken on Days 20, 21, or 22 from 113 of these recipients. The mean +/- s.e.m. concentration of progesterone in the pregnant females (5.14 +/- 0.34 ng/ml) was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than in the non-pregnant females (1.17 +/- 0.25 ng/ml). The correlation coefficients between progesterone levels on Days 3, 4, 5 or 6 and 10-12 ranged from 0.18 to 0.37 (all P less than 0.02). Progesterone levels were not related to length of the previous cycle, the time of day an animal was first noticed in oestrus or the side of the corpus luteum. However, cows with a short oestrus had higher progesterone levels on Days 3-7 (P less than 0.01) than those in oestrus for a longer time. PMID- 7359494 TI - A comparison of tritiated and iodinated tracers in the radioimmunoassay of progesterone in cow milk. AB - Progesterone levels in the milk of cows were determined by two radioimmunoassay methods. Excellent correlation (r = 0.95) was found between the method using an iodinated radioligand and that using a conventional tritiated tracer. PMID- 7359495 TI - Effects of prostaglandins F-2 alpha and E-2 on cervical extensibility in the late pregnant rat. AB - The extensibility of the cervix of rats was measured in vitro on Day 19 of pregnancy and was doubled after 2 s.c. injections of PGF-2 alpha (1 mg/kg) or PGE 2 (5 mg/kg) on Day 18. Progesterone (10 mg/kg) given on Day 18 had no effect alone or on the effect of PGE-2 but abolished the action of PGF-2 alpha. PGE-2, but not PGF-2 alpha, increased extensibility when given on Day 18 to rats which had been bilaterally ovariectomized on Day 16 and given oestradiol benzoate plus progesterone twice daily. High concentrations of PGF-2 alpha or PGE-2 had no effect on the extensibility of Day-18 pregnant rat cervix in vitro. It is suggested that PGF-2 alpha acts via the ovaries to decrease progesterone secretion and perhaps release relaxin, but PGE-2 would appear to have another site of action. PMID- 7359496 TI - Cytology and colposcopy in the diagnosis and management of outpatients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. AB - One hundred consecutive outpatients seen in the colposcopy clinic of a private hospital had one or more Papanicolaou smears that suggested cervical atypia, dysplasia or carcinoma in situ. Of these 100 patients, 7% underwent a diagnostic cervical cone biopsy; 11% more had therapeutic conization. The accuracy of colposcopic examination with directed cervical biopsy within one level (under or over) of histologic findings was 88%; the cytologic accuracy within one level of histologic findings was 83%. The study showed that patients with cervical atypia at cytologic examination had dysplasia and carcinoma in situ at subsequent colposcopic cervical examination with directed biopsy. PMID- 7359497 TI - Autotransfusion: intraoperative use in ruptured ectopic pregnancy. AB - Autotransfusion was used in 38 patients with ruptured ectopic pregnancy. There was no mortality in this series. Transfusion-related morbidity occurred in six patients; two developed clinical coagulopathy; two, pulmonary edema; and two had minor transfusion reactions to concomitantly used banked blood. The procedure is safe and efficient and represents less risk to the patient than does the use of banked blood. The savings of the large amount of banked blood is certainly in keeping with a more salutary use of this valuable resource. PMID- 7359498 TI - Survey and analysis of educational efforts in reproductive biology and human sexuality in American medical schools. AB - One hundred eighteen American medical schools were surveyed in 1976 regarding their efforts to educate physicians in reproductive biology and human sexuality. Ninety-seven of the schools responded. From the material supplied by the respondents detailed analyses of the content of courses, clerkships and electives were made. Several topics are always included in courses in reproductive biology while a number of important areas are very neglected. In schools without organized courses materials are not well integrated in the curriculum. The content of human sexuality courses and electives is highly individualistic and varies greatly from school to school. PMID- 7359500 TI - Giant cell tumors of bone in pregnancy: report of two cases. PMID- 7359499 TI - An etiologic survey of clinical factors in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a transverse retrospective study. AB - In this retrospective survey 235 patients were studied: 123 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 112 controls. Fourteen epidemiologic variables were reviewed. The stepwise logistic multiple regression analysis demonstrated that age at first sexual contact was the variable most related to CIN appearance, followed by the occupation of the husband. School attendance and socioeconomic indices of the patients' fathers, husbands or partners were lower in the CIN group, as shown in the descriptive analysis. Age at first pregnancy was also found to be lower among CIN patients. Promiscuity and contraception did not seem to play a significant role in the incidence of neoplastic disease. A carcinogenic model is proposed. PMID- 7359501 TI - Genital prolapse during pregnancy. AB - A case is presented of genital prolapse occurring during pregnancy in a patient with multiple congenital urogenital defects. The etiologies are hypothesized to be a congenitally defective pelvis and hormonally mediated connective tissue changes in pregnancy. The procidentia was treated with a vaginal hysterectomy, anterior and posterior colporrhaphy and sarcrospinous fixation. Pudendal nerve injury as a rare complication of sacrospinous fixation is discussed. PMID- 7359502 TI - The claim for wrongful conception. Forcing physicians to raise their patients' children. PMID- 7359504 TI - A comparison of medical student performance on the obstetrics and gynecology National Board Part II examination and a comparable examination given during the clerkship. AB - An obstetrics and gynecology clerkship examination obtained from the National Board of Medical Examiners was administered to 96 medical students at the end of their clerkship rotation. They also took part II of the National Board examination 18 to 30 months later. There was a significant correlation between their ob-gyn scores on the two tests (r=0.56; p less than 0.01). In addition, all of the "high" performers (greater than 700) on the part II exam were predicted by their excellent scores on the clerkship exam. Only 25% of the "low" performers (less than 400) on the part II exam were also "low" performers on the clerkship exam; however, none had been superior performers. A clerkship exam score of 600 cleraly separated the two groups without overlap. This clerkship exam is useful in medical student education. PMID- 7359503 TI - A comparison of pregnancy experience in DES-exposed and DES-unexposed daughters. AB - Reproductive histories were compared for 226 DES-exposed and 203 -unexposed daughters whose mothers participated in a double-blind evaluation 27 years before. Irregular menstruation was slightly more common among the exposed (10%) than among the unexposed (4%). Nineteen of the exposed and only four of the unexposed had primary infertility. Among those at risk, 86% of the unexposed and 67% of the exposed had become pregnant. The reasons for these differences are not known. Comparison of evaluable first pregnancy outcome revealed full-term live birth to be more common among the unexposed (85%) than the exposed (47%). Premature live birth was experienced by 22% of the exposed but only 7% of the unexposed. Nonviable outcomes of stillbirth, neonatal death, miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy occurred in 31% of the exposed and 8% of the unexposed. The difference in pregnancy outcomes between the groups is highly significant. The DES-exposed with transverse cervicovaginal ridges were more likely to experience a nonviable outcome. Overall 82% of the exposed and 93% of the unexposed had at least one live offspring. PMID- 7359505 TI - Correlation between preovulatory serum estradiol and midluteal progesterone levels during induction of ovulation with Clomid and HCG. PMID- 7359507 TI - Recurrent reproductive failure due to severe placental villitis of unknown etiology. AB - A case is reported of recurrent reproductive failure due to a severe placental villitis of unknow etiology. Five successive pregnancies ended in four unexpected third-trimester deaths in utero and one live birth at 37 weeks' gestation. This infant of the fourth pregnancy showed severe intrauterine growth retardation but no other stigmata of chronic infection. The placentas of the last three pregnancies showed marked focal chronic parenchymal inflammation with widespread necrosis, villous vasculitis and a lymphocytic deciduitis of the maternal floor. Microbiologic, serologic and electron microscopic techniques variously employed on maternal, fetal and placental specimens failed to demonstrate a possible causative agent although the placental inflammatory pattern was strongly suggestive of recurrent infection. PMID- 7359506 TI - Conduction anesthesia in obstetrics and its effects upon fetus and newborn. AB - The use of conduction anesthesia has made childbearing a vastly more pleasant experience for the mother and certainly made the practice of obstetrics safer and easier. However, its safety to the fetus and newborn, once unquestioned, has become the subject of much study and concern in recent years. It is the purpose of this article to examine the fetal effects of local anesthetic agents and review some of these agents as well as the regional techniques most commonly employed in the perinatal period with respect to their fetal and maternal safety. PMID- 7359508 TI - Selective inhibition of tumor cell migration by culture supernatants derived from normal and lipopolysaccharide activated macrophages. PMID- 7359509 TI - Separation of rat peritoneal macrophages into functionally distinct subclasses by centrifugal elutriation. PMID- 7359511 TI - Macrophage nomenclature: where are we going? PMID- 7359510 TI - Neutrophil migration under agarose: stimulation by lowered medium pH and osmolality. PMID- 7359512 TI - Adaptive least-squares method applied to structure--activity correlation of hypotensive N-alkyl-N''-cyano-N'-pyridylguanidines. AB - A method using an adaptive least-squares (ALS) technique has been developed for the discrimination of ordered categorical data. The method (ALS method) has the advantages of simultaneously considering any number of classes and of producing a single discriminant function which can place patterns in several classes. The ALS method was compared with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in application to the problem of discriminating three-class hypotensive therapeutic indices of 76 N alkyl-N''-cyano-N'-pyridylguanidines using nine descriptor variables. With the full data set and in the five leave-out runs, it was shown that the ALS method was superior and more stable in recognition and prediction. The structure- activity relationship is discussed on the basis of discriminant functions formulated. PMID- 7359513 TI - Studies of hypolipidemic agents. 1. Synthesis and hypolipidemic activities of alkoxycinnamic acid derivatives. AB - More than 110 derivatives of alkoxycinnamic acids were synthesized and their hypolipidemic activities were evaluated in a screening system with rats. Cinnamic acids, alpha-methylcinnamic acids, and their various esters with a higher p alkoxy substituent were found to possess hypolipidemic activities higher than or comparable to that of clofibrate. The proper length (C12--C16) and the para position of the alkoxy substituent seem to be essential for activity. Chloroethyl and methacryloxyethyl esters and monoglycerides of some of the active p alkoxycinnamic acids were more active than the corresponding free acids. PMID- 7359514 TI - Synthesis and pharmacology of 8-amino-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro cis-6,11-dimethyl-2,6-methano-3-benzazocine and related compounds. AB - The little compound 1a has been prepared and was found to be a strong, orally active agonist with narcotic--antagonist properties. 1a was prepared by two independent routes: (1) nitration of volazocine and subsequent reduction and (b) a sequence involving dissolving metal reduction of cyclazocine methyl ether, followed by oximination and Semmler--Wolff rearrangement. Several analogues were prepared and tested. PMID- 7359515 TI - Synthesis of [82Br]bromperidol and preliminary tissue distribution studies in the rat. AB - A procedure is described for the preparation of [82Br]bromperidol with specific activity 440 muCi/mg. The incorporation of bromine-82 into the molecule was accomplished through Brackman and Smit's modification of the Sandmeyer reaction, during the last step of the synthetic route. This involved the formation of a complex between Cu82Br2 and nitric oxide gas in acetonitrile, which was then allowed to react with 4-[4-(aminophenyl)-4-hydroxy-piperidinyl]-1-(4 fluorophenyl)-1-butanone (aminoperidol, 10) to give [82Br]bromperidol in about 1.5 h. Cupric 82Br]bromide was prepared in situ from K82Br and CuSO4.5H2O. The radiochemical and chemical yields for the preparation of [82Br]bromperidol from K82Br were 10.4 and 12%, respectively. Preliminary tissue distribution studies with the labeled bromperidol in the rat showed that the uptake of radioactivity by the liver, brain, kidneys, and the lungs was very fast and was in the declining phase in the latter organs 15 min after iv administration. PMID- 7359516 TI - Glycerides as prodrugs. 2. 1,3-Dialkanoyl-2-(2-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-benzodioxan-2 yl)glycerides (cyclic aspirin triglycerides) as antiinflammatory agents. AB - A series of 1,3-dialkanoyl-2-(2-methyl-4-oxo-1,3-benzodioxan-2-yl)glycerides ("cyclic aspirin triglycerides") was synthesized. They demonstrated essentially all the systemic antiinflammatory activity associated with aspirin in the carrageenin-induced rat paw edema test. Examination of the rat stomachs showed that the 1,3-didecanoyl derivative did not cause gastric lesions. PMID- 7359517 TI - Potential carcinostatics. 4. Synthesis and biological properties of erythro- and threo-beta-fluoroaspartic acid and erythro-beta-fluoroasparagine. AB - (E)- and (Z)-Di-tert-butyl 2-amino-3-fluoro-2-butene-1,4-dioate [(E)- and (Z)-2] were synthesized in two ways: (a) by elimination of hydrogen fluoride from di tert-butyl beta,beta-difluoroaspartate under the influence of 1,5 diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene and (b) by amination with the ammonium acetate of di tert-butyl monofluorooxaloacetate (3), obtained via condensation of tert-butyl monofluoroacetate with di-tert-butyl oxalate. Reduction of 2 with sodium cyanoborohydride yielded a mixture of di-tert-butyl monofluoroaspartates in which the erythro isomer constituted the major product. The structure of this isomer (4a) was established by X-ray crystallographic analysis of the corresponding acid 5a. Esterification of 5a to the beta-methyl ester 6, followed by aminolysis, yielded erythro-beta-fluoroasparagine (7). Tests with 5a and 7 in the L-5178Y test system showed that the compounds exhibited toxicity at levels at which no antitumor activity was observed. PMID- 7359520 TI - Steroidal alpha-methylene delta-lactones as potential antitumor agents. AB - Four novel steroidal alpha-methylene delta-lactones have been synthesized and shown to be active against human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (KB) cells in culture. The syntheses involved the use of known alpha-methylenation procedures. In addition, the lactone 6 was directly methylenated by reaction with CH2O/KOH or Et2NH/CH2O/Et2NH.HCl. The formation of a cysteine adduct (15) with the alpha methylene lactone 10 is reported. PMID- 7359518 TI - Synthesis and antileukemic activity of 1-methyl-2,5-diphenyl-3,4 bis(hydroxymethyl)-, 1,2,3-triphenyl-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, and 1-methyl-2,3 diphenyl-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrole bis(N-methylcarbamate). AB - The syntheses for the bis(N-methylcarbamates) 3, 4a, 4b, and 5 are described. All four compounds were active in the in vivo P388 lymphocytic leukemia assay, with 3 being the most active. PMID- 7359519 TI - Glycerides as prodrugs. 3. Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of [1-(p chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetyl]glycerides (indomethacin glycerides). AB - Mono-, bis-, and tris[1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3 acetyl]glycerides and 1,3-dialkanoyl-2-[1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2 methylindole-3-acetyl]glycerides were synthesized and evaluated for antiinflammatory activity in the rat paw carrageenin edema assay. Three of the most active compounds (4, 18a, and 18e) were tested in the rat adjuvant arthritis model and found to be essentially equivalent in activity to indomethacin. On a molar basis, the acute gastric irritating properties of 18a and 18e were seven to eight times less than indomethacin, resulting in a 2.5- to 3-fold improvement in the ratio of antiedema activity to ulcerogenicity. PMID- 7359521 TI - Pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolinecarboxylic acids as orally active antiallergy agents. AB - A series of 8-substituted pyrido[2,1-]quinazoline-2-carboxylic acids was prepared by the nickel carbonyl mediated carboxylation of the corresponding bromides. The activities of these compounds in the rat PCA test are comparable to those of the corresponding 2-substituted pyrido[2,1-b]quinazoline-8-carboxylic acids. PMID- 7359522 TI - Synthesis of 8-methoxy-15,16-dinor-6,8,10-trichothecatriene 12,13 alpha-epoxide and 12,13 beta-epoxide as potential antineoplastic agents. AB - 8-Methoxy-15,16-dinor-6,8,10-trichothecatriene 12,13 alpha-epoxide (5) and 12,13 beta-epoxide (3) were prepared; the stereochemistry of the epoxides was assigned on the basis of 13C NMR. The epoxide 5 was active against 9KB in vitro and P388 in vivo, while the isomeric epoxide 3 was inactive in both test systems. PMID- 7359523 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of 5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1 methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-acetic acid, a major metabolite of zomepirac sodium. AB - 5-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-acetic acid (2), the major oxidative metabolite of zomepirac (1), was synthesized starting with ethyl 5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-1,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-acetate (3), the ethyl ester of 1. Compound 3 was oxidized with selenium dioxide to afford the alpha-oxoester, 5. Bromination of 5 with N-bromosuccinimide produced bromomethylpyrrole 7, and reaction of 7 with acetate produced by corresponding acetoxymethylpyrrole 8. Hydrogen sulfide effected the selective reduction of the side-chain carbonyl group if 8 to give 9. Saponification of 9 gave the title compound, 2. Synthetic 2 was identical with the isolated metabolite of zomepirac (1). Biological testing revealed that the metabolite was essentially devoid of the biological activity associated with zomepirac. PMID- 7359524 TI - Cerebrovasodilatation through selective inhibition of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. 2. Imidazo[2,1-b]thiadiazole and imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolesulfonamides. AB - A series of imidazo[2,1-b]thiadiazole and imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolesulfonamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitors is described and their anticonvulsant activities are listed. Many of the compounds have the same degree of ionization as acetazolamide and methazolamide, but their higher lipophilicity means that they are more able to penetrate into the central nervous system. One compound, 6-tert butyl-2-sulfamoylimidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole (8, UK-15,454) had an anticonvulsant ED50 of 2.6 mg/kg when administered orally to mice. 8 selectively increased cerebral blood flow in animals without producing a high level of metabolic acidosis. PMID- 7359525 TI - Inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. 8. Irreversible inhibition of mammalian S adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase by substrate analogues. PMID- 7359526 TI - Trapping of metabolically generated electrophilic species with cyanide ion: metabolism of 1-benzylpyrrolidine. AB - Incubations of 1-benzylpyrrolidine (4) and specifically deuterium-labeled analogues of 4 with rabbit liver microsomal preparations in the presence of cyanide ion have led to the characterization of 1-benzyl-2-cyanopyrrolidine (13), cis- and trans-1-benzyl-2,5-dicyanopyrrolidine (14a and 14b, respectively), and 1 benzyl-5-cyano-2-pyrrolidinone (15). The cyano adducts of the amine are thought to result from nucleophilic attack by cyanide ion on metabolically generated iminium species. The cyanolactam may be produced by mixed function oxidation of the dicyano compounds. Incubations of tritium-labeled 1-benzylpyrrolidine with rabbit liver microsomal preparations led to the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dependent incorporation of the label into the macromolecular fraction isolated from the postincubates. Although the level of incorporation was low compared to the amount of cyano adducts formed, it is comparable to that reported for other metabolically activated cytotoxic agents. Attempts to identify the possible arene oxide rearrangement product 1-(4 hydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidine (24) as a metabolite of 4 were unsuccessful. The results have prompted us to postulate that metabolically generated iminium ions are capable of alkylating nucleophilic functionalities present on microsomal macromolecules. PMID- 7359527 TI - Structural requirements for the sequestration of metabolically generated acetaldehyde. AB - Of a series of polyfunctional compounds containing amino, hydroxyl, or mercapto groups in conjunction with the carboxyl group, only the 1,2- or 1,3-disubstituted aminothiols, namely, D-(-)-penicillamine (1), L-cysteine (2), L-cysteinyl-L valine (3), mercaptoethylglycine (4), and DL-homocysteine (12), showed any propensity to sequester acetaldehyde (AcH) when tested in vitro in a buffered system at pH 7.5. In vivo, however, only D-(-)-penicillamine (1) was effective in lowering ethanol-derived blood AcH in rats that had been treated with disulfiram and ethanol. These results suggest that, in addition to the functionality in the molecule, pharmacokinetic and metabolic factors must also be considered when designing AcH-sequestering agents for use in vivo. PMID- 7359528 TI - Halogenated L-fucose and D-galactose analogues: synthesis and metabolic effects. AB - Several new analogues of L-fucose modified in the 2 position and the 5-methyl group have been synthesized as potential plasma-membrane glycoconjugate inhibitors or modifiers, and their biological effects have been studied. 2-Chloro , 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-2-deoxy-L-fucose (9a, 9b, and 13, respectively) have been prepared by addition of the appropriate halogen to 3,4-di-O-acetyl-L-fucal, followed by hydrolysis of the anomeric halogen and the acetyl groups. A series of four halogenated 5-methyl analogues of L-fucose (4, X = F, Cl, Br, and I) have been obtained starting from 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-L-galactose. The synthesis of this latter compound has been improved. A corresponding series of 6 deoxy-6-halo-D-galactose analogues, which are enantiomers of the 5-(halomethyl)-L fucose analogues, has also been synthesized. Analogues 4b, 4c, and 9b at 1 x 10( 3) M specifically inhibited the incorporation of L-[3H]fucose into macromolecular components of SW613 human mammary tumor cells. Analogue 13 inhibited the growth of L1210 murine leukemic cells with an IC50 of 6 x 10(5) M in culture. 6-Deoxy-6 fluoro-D-galactose and its enantiomer 4a were found to be effective inhibitors of D-[3H]galactose and L-[3H]fucose incorporation, respectively, into macromolecular components of human mammary tumor cells. The effectiveness of inhibition was reduced with an increase in size of the halogen atom. Analogue 4a and its enantiomer have been tritiated at C-1 and both were found to be activated to a nucleotide sugar, which was followed by incorporation into the macromolecular fraction of SW613 human mammary tumor cells in vitro. PMID- 7359529 TI - Phenylalkylamines with potential psychotherapeutic utility. 2. Nuclear substituted 2-amino-1-phenylbutanes. AB - A series of 2-amino-1-(4-substituted-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)butanes (Table V) was prepared as analogues of (R)-2-amino-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)butane (1a). 1-(2,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(N-phthalimido)butane (7) was utilized as a synthetic intermediate common to many of the target compounds. Animal data are presented indicating that most of these analogues have low hallucinogenic potential. Selected compounds were compared with 1a in an avoidance-response acquisition model which differentiates between 1a and the human hallucinogens DOM (2a) and DOET (2b). Structure-activity relationships of these analogues are discussed. PMID- 7359530 TI - Synthesis and analgesic activity of some 14 beta-substituted analogues of morphine. AB - Treatment of 14 beta-nitrocodeinone with sodium borohydride gave the codeine derivative which was reduced with zinc dust in acetic anhydride-acetic acid solution to give 14 beta-acetamidocodeine 6-acetate. 14 beta-Thiocyanatocodeinone was obtained from the reaction of thebaine with thiocyanogen and was reduced to 14 beta-mercaptocodeine with lithium aluminum hydride. 14 beta-Bromo- and 14 beta chlorocodeinone were prepared by the reaction of thebaine with N-bromosuccinimide and N-chlorosuccinimide, respectively. These 14 beta-substituted codeine and codeinones were O-demethylated to the corresponding morphine analogues with boron tribromide. With the exception of 14 beta-nitromorphinone, which was weak in activity, all the other 14 beta-substituted morphine derivatives were approximately equal in potency to normorphine in the guinea pig ileum preparation. PMID- 7359531 TI - Mono- and diaryl-2-quinuclidinylcarbinols with local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic activity. AB - The reaction between 2-carboethoxyquinuclidine and various aryl- and heteroarylithium reagents gave mixtures of aryl 2-quinuclidinyl ketones and diaryl-2-quinuclidinylcarbinols. Diborane reduction of the ketones gave the erythro-carbinols, stereochemically analogous to quinidine. Several of the mono- and diarylcarbinols exhibited potent local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic activity, in some cases greater than that of quinidine. Diphenyl-2 quinuclidinylcarbinol and a (bromomethoxyphenyl)(methoxyphenyl)-2 quinuclidinylcarbinol were particularly active in reverting ouabain-induced arrhythmia in dogs, showing a potency and duration of action equal to or greater than that of propranolol. PMID- 7359533 TI - Rm values and structure-activity relationship of benzodiazepines. AB - Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) have been formulated for the activities of a series of benzodiazepines in rats. The lipophilic character of molecules was expressed by means of the chromatographic Rm values which were very well correlated with experimental or calculated log P values. The ideal lipophilic character for activity of benzodiazepines in the exploratory behavior test is not far from that of compounds acting in the central nervous system as unspecific depressant agents. The results of both the conflict and exploratory behavior studies might support the hypothesis of different sites of action for the antianxiety and sedative effects of benzodiazepines. PMID- 7359535 TI - Synthesis and antiarrhythmic properties of some 5-benzamido-2-methyl-trans decahydroisoquinolines. AB - An efficient synthetic route to produce exclusively 5-amino-2-methyl-trans decahydroisoquinoline is described. The preparation of ten 5-benzamido-2-methyl trans-decahydroisoquinolines from this precursor has been accomplished, and each has been screened for both antiarrhythmic potency and toxicity. The selection of structures for synthesis was based on our previous report of the significant antiarrhythmic potency of 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzamido)-2-methyl-trans decahydroisoquinoline (15). Molecular modifications of this single structure were made in order to ascertain structure-activity relationships in this group of compounds. All the compounds synthesized showed significant antiarrhythmic potency. The lipophilicity of the benzamide moiety appears to play a significant role in developing optimal antiarrhythmic potency. Interestingly and surprisingly, the most potent compound of the present study was 15, a compound described in our original work. Structure-activity relationships of the series are described. PMID- 7359532 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationships for N-[N',N'-disubstituted amino)acetyl]arylamines for local anesthetic activity and acute toxicity. AB - The synthesis and physicochemical properties of a series of N-[N',N' disubstituted-amino)acetyl]arylamines are described. A QSAR method is applied to local anesthetic activity and acute toxicity by means of a "nonclassic" substituent variation involving a modification on both aryl and amino moieties. The choice of the different parameters (partition coefficient, pKa, connectivity index, molar refraction, and molar volume) is discussed and their different methods of determination are described. Molar refraction is the parameter which explains best the variance of the local anesthetic activity, and the quadratic regression with MR leads to a "posteriori" synthesis of one compound with optimized activity. However, the partition coefficient is the most explicative parameter for intravenous toxicity. PMID- 7359534 TI - Antiamebic amidines and sulfonamides of 5- and 6-amino-2,3-bis(4-alkyl-1 piperazinyl)quinoxalines. AB - A series of amidines and sulfonamides of 5- and 6-amino-2,3-bis(4-alkyl-1 piperazinyl)quinoxalines was synthesized and tested against cecal and hepatic forms of Entamoeba histolytica infections in rats and hamsters, respectively. Four compounds (5, 6, 8, and 9) were found to have acceptable activity against infections in both species but were too toxic to be considered for use in man. PMID- 7359536 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of flavipucine analogues. AB - A series of analogues of flavipucine was prepared possessing side chain as well as nuclear variants. The analogue with an octyl side chain (5d) was found to exhibit enhanced activity against several bacteria and fungi as compared with the natural product itself. The separation and characterization of the individual diastereoisomeric pairs both spectroscopically and with respect to chromatographic mobility have been effected. PMID- 7359537 TI - Oxytocin and lysine-vasopressin with N5,N5-dialkylglutamine in the 4 position: effect of introducing sterically hindered groups into the hydrophilic cluster of neurohypophyseal hormones. AB - The synthesis and pharmacological potencies of oxytocin and lysine-vasopressin analogues are reported in which the N5-amide of their glutaminyl residues are dialkylated. These analogues have been studied as an ongoing exploration of the biological effects on the natural hormones of substituting individually one of the amino acid residues, which has a hydrophilic side chain and which are thought to be part of the hydrophilic surface of the hormones. [4-(N5,N5 Dimethylglutamine)]oxytocin (17), [4-(N5,N5-di-n-propylglutamine)]oxytocin (18), and [4-(N5,N5-dimethylglutamine)] lysine-vasopressin (19) were synthesized by clasical solution techniques. Potencies in the in vitro rat uterotonic, avian vasodepressor, rat pressor, and rat antidiuretic assays were determined and are as follows, respectively: for compound 17 3.01 +/- 0.14 units/mg, 4.55 +/- 0.03 units/mg, tachyphylaxis and tachyphylaxis; for compound 18 less than 0.1, less than 0.1, less than 0.05, and less thad 1.88 +/- 0.04 units/mg. The potencies in all cases are significantly less than those of the parent hormone. The results are discussed in terms of the proposed biologically active conformations of the hormones at the uterotonic receptor and at the antidiuretic receptor. PMID- 7359538 TI - [5-(N4,N4-Dimethylasparagine),8-lysine]vasopressin: the first 5-position neurohypophyseal hormone analogue to retain to retain significant antidiuretic potency. AB - In the proposed biologically active conformation of vasopressin at the antidiuretic receptor, the side-chain carboxamide group of the 5-position asparaginyl residue has been previously suggested to be the key active element in the hormone for its initiation of the antidiuretic response. [5-(N4,N4 Dimethylasparagine),8-lysine]vasopressin, the analogue in which the hydrogen atoms of the -NH2 portion of the primary carboxamide have been replaced by methyl groups, has been synthesized and found to retain about 3% of the antidiuretic potency of lysine-vasopressin (i.e., 5.5 +/- 0.3 units/mg). This result suggests that the hydrogen atoms of the carboxamide moiety are not essential for antidiuretic activity. In addition, the analogue possesses rat pressor, avian vasodepressor, and rat uterotonic potencies of 2.55 +/- 0.05, 0.39 +/- 0.03, and less than 0.05 units/mg, respectively. PMID- 7359539 TI - Cannabidiol and phenytoin: a structural comparison. AB - Conformational energy maps have been computed for the antiepileptic agents phenytoin and cannabidiol by the quantum-mechanical method of perturbative configuration interaction with localized orbitals (PCILO). The computation indicates that the spatial relationship between the two rings in the two drugs is similar and close to the respective structures in the crystal. This is supported by 1H and 13C NMR measurements. Hence, both compounds fulfill the stereochemical requirements suggested for anticonvulsant drug action. PMID- 7359540 TI - Balance in medical education networks. AB - Most graduates of U.S. medical schools will spend the number of years of residency training necessary for certification in a specialty. Essentially all of this graduate training, as well as undergraduate clinical medical education, is occurring in hospitals associated with the medical schools. The study reported here was undertaken to define the 112 medical education networks that offered 16,574 first-year residency positions in 1977; each consisted of a medical school and its associated hospitals. The balance between the numbers and sources of U.S. graduates who entered positions in each specialty for the first graduate year in the hospitals of each network and the kinds and locations of the residencies obtained by the graduates from each school was ascertained. These compilations were also made for each state. Marked differences were found among networks, states, and regions. The balance concept can facilitate the self-assessment by each state and network of its educational and manpower missions. PMID- 7359541 TI - Survey of clinical pharmacology programs in U.S. and Canadian medical schools. AB - In this paper the authors report the results of a survey carried out by the Association for Medical School Pharmacology for the purpose of identifying and assessing the status of developing clinical pharmacology programs in medical schools in the United States and Canada. A questionnaire was mailed to 110 U.S. and 16 Canadian medical schools. Eighty-one schools in the United States and nine Canadian schools responded to the survey. There were 47 programs in clinical pharmacology in the United States and Canada which had an identifiable head of clinical pharmacology and three known programs which did not respond (total 50). The methods used in teaching clinical pharmacology involved, for the most part, lectures, clerkships, clinical rounds, and consultations. The major recommendations resulting from this survey are to continue a vigorous approach in the training of more clinical pharmacologists to carry out effective teaching, service, and research programs in clinical pharmacology in medical centers; to improve the service activities related to consultation on drugs; and to continue research on new and established drugs. PMID- 7359542 TI - Social science in medicine: the question of 'relevance'. AB - Social science differs from the other basic medical sciences in that its perspective for understanding illness is not centered on processes within the individual. For this reason the relevance of social science knowledge to clinical practice is not obvious to many medical educators and students. Initial efforts at the University of North Carolina to develop a social science curriculum that is obviously relevant are described. Strategies include the use of small-group seminars taught by social-scientist/clinician teams and an organizing framework which links social science knowledge to clinical practice. Response to the curriculum from faculty and students has been encouraging. PMID- 7359543 TI - Patient instructors as teachers and evaluators. AB - To provide objective and reliable evaluation of students' physical diagnosis skills, nonphysician patient instructors (PIs) with stable findings were trained by physicians to function in the multiple roles of patient, teacher, and evaluator. The PIs were taught physical examination techniques and the significance of each of their positive findings. Each second- and third-year medical student examined a cardiovascular and pulmonary PI. At the completion of each examination the PI evaluated the thoroughness and proficiency of the student's examination technique and ascertained whether the student correctly identified and described the abnormal findings. Objective and reliable evaluation instruments were developed. Data are presented to indicate that PIs can be used to evaluate objectively physical diagnosis skills of medical students. PMID- 7359544 TI - On nonscience premedical education: surprising evidence and a call for clarification. AB - Critics decrying inadequacies in the training of physicians note a lack of "humanistic" education. This deficiency is cited as the cause of a variety of problems perceived among modern physicians. Yet the content of "humanistic" education is rarely specified, and typically little or no data are presented about what medical students actually study during their premedical years. Proposals for change thus do not have an empirical base and instead derive from observations of "symptoms." The present authors report an analysis of the undergraduate transcripts of 465 students from the University of Rochester who applied to medical school. Results indicate a surprising breadth in undergraduate training which is inconsistent with the claims of narrowness. The authors call upon medical educators for further specification of the desired role of the social sciences and humanities in the undergraduate preparation of future physicians. PMID- 7359545 TI - An empirical investigation of change in MCAT scores upon retest. PMID- 7359546 TI - Boston University and accelerated medical education: the first five cohorts. PMID- 7359547 TI - Returning fourth-year students to the classroom/laboratory. PMID- 7359548 TI - Factors important in the evaluation of clinical performance of internal medicine residents. PMID- 7359549 TI - The resident conference: a method to enhance academic intensity. PMID- 7359550 TI - Attitudes about cancer medicine among primary care residents and their teachers. PMID- 7359551 TI - Instruction in patient evaluation: problems identified by course directors. PMID- 7359552 TI - Grief and the performing arts: a brief experiment in humanizing medical education. PMID- 7359553 TI - Analysis of NBME Part I review time of students. PMID- 7359554 TI - Stress and support systems in preclinical medical students. PMID- 7359555 TI - The role of the academic adviser. PMID- 7359556 TI - A program to introduce the first-year medical students to pregnancy, labor, and delivery. PMID- 7359557 TI - The behavioral science component of selected medical school curricula. PMID- 7359558 TI - Student volunteer patients for a clinical interviewing course. PMID- 7359560 TI - A new approach to the correlation of undergraduate and graduate medical education. PMID- 7359559 TI - Ultrasonography in a resident training program. PMID- 7359561 TI - 1978 U.S. medical school graduates: practice setting preferences, hometowns, and spouses' hometowns. PMID- 7359562 TI - The Chairman looks at the institutions. PMID- 7359563 TI - The current status of medical telemetry. PMID- 7359564 TI - The design and use of appropriate health technologies for developing countries. AB - Health care in developing countries is discussed in terms of the administrative systems, medical manpower and technologies which are most appropriate to the economic and cultural environment in which they will be used. Appropriate technology must be preceded by appropriate research and development and those involved in the training of overseas students should critically examine the relevance of the course to the needs of the students. PMID- 7359565 TI - Gravimetric plethysmography for measurement of blood flow in the leg. AB - The gravimetric plethysmograph measures blood flow in the limb in terms of the increase in weight which follows temporary venous occlusion. Following validation of the device, blood flow in the leg was evaluated in normal subjects and in patients with intermittent claudication. Measurement of the immediate hyperaemic response to a three-minute period of arterial occlusion proved to be very reproducible in patients with occlusive arterial disease of the legs. PMID- 7359566 TI - A real-time spectrum analyser for ultrasonic Doppler signals, using a chirp-z transform technique. PMID- 7359568 TI - A first-degree course in electronics, with medical instrumentation as a background topic. AB - A course is described in which undergraduate students of electronics can study aspects of medical instrumentation throughout a three-year period. This course includes as much electornics as a normal B.Sc programme in Electronics but contains a background theme of medical engineering and bioengineering amounting to 20% of the total work load. The course is compared with two similar courses in Britain and also with courses abroad. Some consideration is given to the educational content of this course as well as to employment opportunities and social trends. PMID- 7359567 TI - Tissue pH electrodes for clinical applications. AB - The reduction of peripheral blood flow, which occurs during shock or in patients with occlusive arterial disease of the lower limb is accompanied by an increase in hydrogen ion activity in tissue cells. If this change could be measured, it could possibly be used as an indicator of tissue perfusion in such patients. Investigations have been carried out into various pH microelectrode designs in order to construct one which could be used clinically to measure extracellular pH changes in skin. Experiments with antimony and externally insulated glass micro electrodes demonstrated that these were unsatisfactory for the purpose. The successful design was insulated internally by means of a glass to glass fuse. It was robust, stable, sensitive and had a fast response time. Use of the electrode in normal volunteers produced reproducible skin pH values and demonstrated the feasibility of the system. Preliminary results using the micro-electrodes in patients indicate their possible application to the assessment of peripheral vascular disease, and to the monitoring of patients under intensive care. PMID- 7359569 TI - Events in the pathogenesis of experimental cholera: role of bacterial adherence and multiplication. AB - Pathogenic, and laboratory-derived non-adherent, non-motile, streptomycin dependent and attenuated strains of Vibrio cholerae, were injected into the ileal loops of adult rabbits. The pattern of bacterial adherence and multiplication was studied. It was shown that all the strains multiplied to the same extent in the intestine; multiplication per se had no role in pathogenesis except when the infecting dose was low. Vibrio strains differed in their capacity to adhere to the intestine. A good correlation was found between adherence and pathogenesis. While adhesive strains were pathogenic, the poorly adhesive strains proved to be poor pathogens. There was no trace of toxin the ileal loops inoculated with poorly adhesive strains and very little in the diarrhoeal fluid produced by pathogenic strains. Adhesive strains adhered poorly to the intestine of immunised animals. It is suggested that adherence is concerned in the release of toxin and thus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cholera. PMID- 7359570 TI - An experimental model of gastrointestinal candidiasis. AB - Intestinal absorption of arbutin (p-hydroxyphenyl-beta-glucoside), a non metabolised analogue of d-glucose, and net flux of water out of the small intestinal lumen were found to be decreased in vitro in rats fed with Candida albicans. In rats on a protein-deficient diet and fed C. albicans there was net secretion of water. Sugar uptake and net water transport were also impaired in infected animals in vivo. These abnormalities were present although there was no histological evidence of invasion of the small-intestinal mucosa by C. albicans. The findings suggest that C. albicans has significant enteric pathogenicity and that this is particularly important in malnutrition. PMID- 7359571 TI - Experimental infection of the upper genital tract of female grivet monkeys with Mycoplasma fermentans. AB - Mycoplasma fermentans inoculated directly into the uterine tubes of female grivet monkeys produced a self-limiting acute salpingitis and parametritis. The inflammation was accompanied by a significant rise in titre of specific indirect haemagglutinating antibodies. Inoculation of M. fermentans into the uterine cavity through the cervical canal without dilatation of the cervix produced practically no signs of inflammation and no antibody response. However, when the intrauterine inoculation of mycoplasmas was followed by currettage of the endometrium, in animals whose uterine tubes had been closed by ligatures, pronounced upper genital-tract inflammation developed, together with a significant antibody response. PMID- 7359572 TI - Lipolytic activity of some dermatophytes. AB - The lipolytic activities of four common dermatophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum, were tested on agar medium supplemented with one or other of several lipids. The lipolytic activity was estimated by comparison of the zone sizes around the colonies. The highest lipolytic activity was demonstrated by M. canis, followed by T. mentagrophytes and E. floccosum; T. rubrum virtually lacked lipolytic activity. The clinical importance of these observations and their application in the identification of dermatophytes is discussed. PMID- 7359573 TI - Scanning electronmicroscopic studies of Bordetella bronchiseptica on the rabbit tracheal mucosa. AB - Rabbit tracheal mucous membrane cultivated on solid agar medium was infected with either Bordetella bronchiseptica or Staphylococcus aureus. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that large numbers of B. bronchiseptica cells became entangled with the cilia of the tracheal epithelial cells. In contrast, S. aureus cells showed no such intimate interaction with the cilia. PMID- 7359574 TI - Isolation of Dane particles containing a DNA strand by metrizamide density gradient. AB - Dane-particle cores labelled with [3H]TTP were subjected to ultracentrifugation in a metrizamide density gradient. Two populations of core particles with different densities were obtained, and radioactivity was found only in the cores that sedimented at the lower density (1.19-1.23 g/cm3). All the cores in this group, when spread in a monolayer, were found to expel a closed circular double stranded DNA molecule. In contrast, the core particles that sedimented at the higher density (1.23-1.27 g/cm3) were not associated with radioactivity, nor was any DNA strand extruded from them. These results show that metrizamide density gradients allow the separation of complete hepatitis B virions for the study of viral DNA. PMID- 7359575 TI - Interaction of Mycoplasma pulmonis with mouse peritoneal macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytes. AB - Mouse peritoneal macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytes were examined for their ability to kill Mycoplasma pulmonis in vitro. Killing of mycoplasmas was shown to require specific antibody, suggesting that antibody-dependent phagocytosis may be involved in resistance to infection. Convalescent mouse serum appeared to be less effective than rabbit antiserum in promoting the killing of mycoplasmas by phagocytic cells. Moreover, mycoplasmas recovered directly from the respiratory tract of infected mice were more resistant to killing by macrophage cultures than organisms grown in vitro. The possibility that these observations may contribute to an understanding of the persistent nature of M. pulmonis infections in mice is discussed. PMID- 7359576 TI - The microbial contribution to human faecal mass. AB - A method has been developed, based on techniques used for isolating bacteria from the rumen, that enables human faeces to be fractionated into three major components. The method requires repeated, vigorous agitation of a suspension of faecal solids with detergent, the use of a stomacher, and high-speed centrifugation. By this means the faecal microflora are separated from faecal dietary-fibre residues. These two components, with water-soluble material in the stool, comprise 98.3 +/- 0.9% of faecal solids. The purity of the microbial fraction was demonstrated by Gram and plant stains and by scanning electron microscopy. Microscopic counts of the bacteria in each fraction of the stool showed that the microbial fraction contained 95% of the total bacteria. Chemical analysis of the component sugars indicated 6-7% possible contamination by non bacterial polysaccharides. The bacterial pellet was 6% nitrogen, and accounted for 60% of the total faecal nitrogen. When faeces from nine healthy subjects on a metabolically controlled British-type diet were studied, bacteria comprised 54.7 +/- 1.7% of the total solids, fibre 16.7 +/- 0.8% and soluble material 24.0 +/- 1.3%. Bacteria therefore represent a much larger proportion of the faecal mass than was previously thought. PMID- 7359577 TI - Role of potassium in the phosphate efflux from mammalian nerve fibers. PMID- 7359578 TI - Pathways for alanine transport in intestinal basal lateral membrane vesicles. PMID- 7359579 TI - Use of fast x-ray film for low-influence biological electron microscopy at 100 kV and 1000 kV. AB - A user evaluation has been made by electron microscopists of an X-ray film for routine electron microscopy. The recent improvements in mammographic X-ray films, with the attempt to reduce the patient dose required to produce a high-resolution mammogram, have resulted in some useful films for medium- and high-voltage electron microscopy. They can yield essential cytological information with a reduction of the electron fluence (exposure) applied to the specimen of more than an order of magnitude compared with conventional electron-microscope films. Their use is indicated in situations where beam damage is severe. PMID- 7359580 TI - Improved tables for the evaluation of sphere size distributions including the effect of section thickness. AB - The problem of determining the size distribution and population density of a population of spherical particles randomly distributed throughout a transparent matrix from data obtained by transmission microscopy on parallel plane-faced sections of known field area and thickness may be readily solved by the use of matrix algebra. The solution presented in this paper may be used to construct conversion matrices whereby the particle size distribution and the numerical density can be calculated directly from the frequency distribution of the observed diameters; the only mathematical processes necessary being mulitplication and addition. Specimen conversion matrices valid for a wide range of conditions are presented in the appended tables. PMID- 7359581 TI - Interactions of uranyl ions with lipid bilayer membranes. AB - Uranyl ions (UO2(2+)), once bound to the phosphate moieties of phospholipid head groups, stabilize bimolecular lipid membranes (BLMs) as well as decrease the nonactin-induced membrane conductance. UO2(2+) bind to a phosphatidyl choline cholesterol (2:1, molar ratio) BLM surface with a dissociation constant of 2.3 microM and a maximum change in surface potential of 88 mV, which corresponds approximately to one uranyl ion per 31 nm2 surface area. Furthermore, uranyl ions can penetrate the lipid bilayers as neutral complexes such as uranyl acetate. PMID- 7359582 TI - A quantitative study of the preparation of rabbit aortic endothelial cells for scanning electron microscopy. AB - Quantitative studies were done with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) on aortic endothelial cells from ten rabbits. Of these, five were plastic casts and five were dehydrated with three different, but standard, techniques. The results indicated that all forms of dehydration caused significant shrinkage artefacts and that these were different in different directions in both the thoracic and abdominal aorta. The greatest shrinkage was found with the critical point drying technique, 45% in the abdominal aorta and 31% in the thoracic aorta. In the abdominal aorta this shrinkage was mainly due to a shrinkage in length (36%) rather than a shrinkage in width (15%). In comparison, in the thoracic aorta critical point drying resulted in a 15% shrinkage in length and a 19% shrinkage in width. Air drying and alcohol dehydration caused considerable shrinkage (29% and 18% respectively in the thoracic aorta, 29% nad 36% respectively in the abdominal aorta). Directional differences were also found with these techniques, for instance alcohol dehydration in the thoracic aorta resulted in 0% shrinkage in length and 18% shrinkage in width. PMID- 7359583 TI - Phase separation in alcohol/liquid carbon dioxide solvent systems facilitates critical point drying. AB - Carbon dioxide and methanol or ethanol, although miscible, form alcohol/CO2 solutions that do not easily mix with additional pure liquid CO2. If the CO2 inlet is situated at the top of a critical point drying apparatus chamber, pure CO2 will entirely displace the alcohol/CO2 phase (which is more dense) while keeping the chamber filled with liquid. This unexpected phenomenon is invaluable in critical point drying delicate biological tissues which remain continuously immersed, avoiding surface or convection currents. By providing an objective criterion for intermediate solvent displacement, the protocol also eliminates ambiguous 'flushing' steps. PMID- 7359584 TI - A simple, combined diffractometer and scanning microdensitometer. AB - A simple device for densitometering electron micrographs or other transparencies by one-dimensional scanning is described. Micrographs of crystalline materials are oriented by means of their optical diffraction patterns displayed with a slightly modified microscope. PMID- 7359585 TI - Studies on the regulation of leucine catabolism. III. Effects of dichloroacetate and 2-chloropropionate on leucine oxidation by the heart. PMID- 7359586 TI - Effect of glucose availability on functional membrane integrity, ultrastructure and contractile performance following hypoxia and reoxygenation in isolated feline cardiac muscle. PMID- 7359587 TI - Effects of orciprenaline on the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes in presence of hypoxia. PMID- 7359588 TI - DNA-synthesis and polyploidization of chicken heart muscle cells in mass cultures. PMID- 7359589 TI - Effects of diltiazem, a calcium antagonist, on regional myocardial function and mitochondria after brief coronary occlusion. PMID- 7359590 TI - Initial stages of trypsinized cell culture of cardiac myoblasts: ultrastructural data. PMID- 7359591 TI - Effects of harmaline on frog atrial muscle cells: a physiological and ultrastructural study. PMID- 7359592 TI - Daunorubicin-induced myocardial failure: reversal by digoxin of an inability to use ATP for contraction. PMID- 7359593 TI - An anatomic index of injury severity. AB - Systems for the quantitation of injury severity are crucial to the study of injury epidemiology, and to comparative evaluations of health care delivery in different regions, patient mixes, and environment. Existing anatomic injury severity scores suffer from subjectivity, and may be computed only at relatively high man-hour expense. In this paper we present an injury severity ranking system termed the Anatomic Index, derived from objective, observed probabilities of mortality, and computable from the same HICDA diagnostic codes widely available in hospitals and through software in hospital computer systems. Mathematic underpinnings of the method, theoretical consequences of underprediction and overprediction of mortality, and advantages of the new Index are presented. PMID- 7359594 TI - Anterior plate stabilization for fracture-dislocations of the lower cervical spine. AB - In fracture-dislocations of the cervical spine with associated injury to the supporting posterior elements, anterior interbody bone block or dowel fusion does not give sufficient stability to the involved area. Additional fixation using an H- or HH-ASIF plate has been employed over the past 2 years in 26 cases. All patients had achieved solid fusion of the involved region of the cervical spine without recurrence of the deformity. None has required additional external plaster fixation. In 21 patients with neurologic involvement, recovery (complete, marked, or partial) occurred in 14; there was no recovery in four; deaths in three patients were late and in two were not related to their operations. PMID- 7359595 TI - Vascular injuries associated with penetrating wounds of the groin. AB - Thirty-two patients were operated upon for suspected vascular injury following penetrating wounds of the groin. This injury is not uncommon, the patients survive to reach the hospital, and they require aggressive management. Vascular damage was found in 23 of the patients; there were no deaths and only one amputation. Eighteen of the 23 who had vessel injury were in shock upon arrival at the hospital. Of those subsequently found to have no vessel damage, none was in shock. Pulses distal to the injury were noted in six of the 23 patients. Arteriograms performed and interpreted by the surgery residents were helpful but not completely reliable. The repaired vessel must be covered adequately with viable tissue. The one amputation was in a patient in whom there was insufficient tissue to cover the repaired vessel. We conclude that general surgeons should be capable of managing this vascular injury. PMID- 7359596 TI - Protective effect of a splenic factor in mice with burns. AB - We have previously described the protective effect of a lipoidal splenic factor (SF) against lethal endotoxemia in mice. Since this protective effect is also accompanied by significant antithrombotic changes, and since burn injury causes thrombosis and consumptive coagulopathy, it was postulated that SF decreased the severity of the burn wound. Swiss white mice were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and then burned on a depilated area of the lower back with a 2-cm diameter stainless steel weight at 95 degrees for 10 sec. SF (10 mg/kg) (n = 20) or an equal volume of saline (controls) (n = 13) was administered within 1 hour after thermal injury. Severity of burn injury was assessed by examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained biopsies obtained 24 hours postburn by a grading scale of 0 (normal) to 4 (severe) depending on the degree of epidermal loss, coagulation necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltrate. Average degree of burn severity was 1.10 +/- 0.20 for SF recipients and 2.85 +/- 0.27 for the controls (p less than 0.001). PMID- 7359597 TI - Hyperosmolality in the burn patient: analysis of an osmolal discrepancy. AB - In our study of 262 hospitalized flame burn patients, serum hyperosmolality, defined as having at least two reported osmolality values greater than 310 mOsm/kg, was observed in 15 patients (6%). From this group, nine patients were found to have an osmolal discrepancy (reported serum osmolality minus calculated serum osmolality). All patients in this group had a burn surface area greater than 35% TBS. The discrepancy between reported osmolality values of two patients from this group, determined by freezing point depression and vapor point analysis, suggested that a volatile substance was contributing to the osmolality. Further analysis by gas chromatography revealed propylene glycol as the agent accounting for most of the osmolal discrepancy. The only exposure to this polyalcohol was from the topical antibiotic cream (silver sulfadiazine) used in their treatment. PMID- 7359598 TI - Rupture of the bladder following blunt trauma: a plea for routine peritoneotomy in patients with extraperitoneal rupture. AB - Thirty-four cases of rupture of the bladder due to blunt trauma of the abdomen are reviewed. Intraperitoneal rupture occurred in 41% of the patients: extraperitoneal rupture occurred in 59% of them. Thirty-five per cent of the patients with extraperitoneal bladder rupture sustained concomitant intraperitoneal visceral injuries. While repairing the extraperitoneal bladder rupture a routine laparotomy through a small incision over the linea semicircularis was helpful in discovering intraperitoneal injuries in patients previously assessed by the general surgery service and considered to be free of intraperitoneal pathology. PMID- 7359599 TI - Management of hot tar burns. AB - Burns due to hot tar present a difficult management problem because the tar is difficult to remove without inflicting further injury to the underlying burn. We have found the surface active agent polyoxyethylene sorbitan (Tween 80, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) or Polysorbate (Sigma), by itself or in combination with an antibiotic ointment (neomycin sulfate) to be a safe and effective means of tar removal. PMID- 7359601 TI - Thumb lengthening by metacarpal distraction. AB - A case with 1-cm distraction elongation of a child's thumb metacarpal 7 years after initial injury is presented. The thumb to long finger pinch was improved by this procedure. The metacarpal elongation has been maintained for 3 years. The mechanism of this repair appears to be ossification of connective tissue. Immobilization until bony union is complete is recommended to avoid loss of length gained. PMID- 7359600 TI - Surgical repair of the interrupted Achilles tendon. AB - During the period 1965-1976 44 patients at our institution underwent open repair of ruptured or lacerated Achilles tendons. Patients were evaluated as to delay to surgery, type of repair, wound complications, incidence of rerupture, symptoms, and postoperative range of motion, mobility, and strength. Average followup was 3 years. Functional results were generally good. Rerupture (2.8%) and wound complications (6.8%) were infrequent. We conclude that the benefits of surgical repair appear to outweigh the potential complications, when compared with the reported incidence of rerupture and loss of strength and endurance following conservative management of these injuries. PMID- 7359602 TI - Biliary pleural fistula: a complication of hepatic trauma. AB - Biliary pleural fistula is an uncommon but potentially fatal complication of hepatic trauma. We report successful surgical management of such a problem in a 13-year-old along with a review of the literature, the importance of the demonstration of bile in a pleural effusion after thoracentesis in the diagnosis, and of an aggressive approach in management of biliary pleural fistulas. PMID- 7359603 TI - Pulmonary emboli 5 days postinjury presenting as fever of unknown origin. AB - A patient who fell on his right leg from a scaffold presented with fever of unknown etiology. Complete workup to rule out infectious causes for his fever was nonrevealing. Because of a history of transient episodes of dyspnea, lung scan was performed which was compatible with pulmonary emboli. Response to heparin therapy was dramatic. Thus, in patients with history of trauma and are bedridden for a long period of time who present with fever one should have a high index of suspicion for pulmonary emboli. PMID- 7359604 TI - Closed injuries of the pectoralis major muscle. AB - Direct and indirect trauma can cause injury to various portions of the pectoralis major muscle in varying degrees. Sprains and partial tears of the pectoralis major muscle are not uncommon. Surgical repair in acute injuries can often produce excellent results in selected patients. Complete injuries of the muscle tendon itself (Type IIID) are best treated with surgical repair in otherwise healthy patients. Delayed diagnosis and delayed repair may prevent excellent results. A functional classification as presented here can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of these injuries. PMID- 7359605 TI - Endocarditis with the indwelling balloon-tipped pulmonary artery catheter in burn patients. PMID- 7359606 TI - Left ventricular pump failure associated with diffuse coagulation in experimental intraoperative autotransfusion. PMID- 7359607 TI - Value of "inconclusive lavage" in abdominal trauma. PMID- 7359608 TI - Cysts and sinuses of the lateral head and neck. AB - A series of 82 cysts and sinuses in the lateral head and neck has been reviewed with a view to features which may help to determine origin from the fetal branchial apparatus. Whilst both pre-auricular and lateral cervical sinuses are often hereditary and associated with other developmental anomalies, these features are lacking in the case of infra-auricular first cleft anomalies and lateral cervical cysts. Although salivary tissue occurred in 50 per cent of lateral cervical sinuses, only one of the cysts presented this feature. Lymphoid tissue was present in all lateral cervical cysts, but no sinusoids were found within the cyst wall. Lymph nodes were present in the majority of these specimens, but separated from the cyst wall by a fibrous layer. It is therefore unlikely that the cysts arise from salivary inclusions in cervical lymph nodes. The different clinical features would not support the view that lateral cervical cysts and sinuses have identical embryological origins. PMID- 7359609 TI - The laser and the nasal septum--a histological study. AB - We studied the histopathological effects of CO2 laser use on the nasal septum of nine rabbits. In the rabbits irradiated with no more than three bursts at four watts, healing was prompt and complete; more than three bursts caused cartilage necrosis. The CO2 laser, using appropriate settings, is safe and effective in treating anterior septal lesions. These settings can be established only after histological examination of the lesions. PMID- 7359611 TI - Nasal sarcoidosis with septal perforation. AB - A patient with systemic sarcoidosis in whom nasal symptoms were the presenting features is discussed. These symptoms remained unchanged following septal reconstruction and were refractory to treatment with systemic corticosteroids. She developed an anterior septal perforation while receiving methylprednisolone. Beclomethasone dipropionate inhaler was highly effective in relieving her nasal symptoms. PMID- 7359610 TI - Longterm effects of heavy irradiation to the neck. AB - The longterm effects of heavy irradiation to the neck are now well known. The literature contains reports of major skin contractures, hypothyroidism, laryngeal and tracheal stenosis, major vessel stenosis, and hypoplastic development of cervical vertebrae, but very rarely are all these complications seen in a single patient. Two patients have undergone extensive treatment at the Toronto General Hospital during the past decade for complications of neck irradiation in childhood and their stories should serve as yet another reminder that irradiation, although a major ally in oncological therapy when carefully applied, can be a tool of great destruction when used in excess. PMID- 7359613 TI - My experience with the Canadian Inuit. PMID- 7359612 TI - Erythromycin ototoxicity. AB - Erythromycin is considered one of the safest antibiotics in common use today. In its otolaryngologic use, the authors have found it effective in treating acute suppurative sinusitis and occasionally otitis media, when combined with sulfonamides. There are few complications of erythromycin administration. Probably the least generally acknowledged of these is ototoxicity. There have been three reports of six cases with ototoxic complications from erythromycin, primarily from administration of its intravenous form. The authors present a case study of an 18 year old girl in severe renal failure, who suffered a reversible sensorineural hearing loss from high doses of an oral erythromycin preparation. The clinical manifestations of this case are compared to those previously reported. PMID- 7359614 TI - [Facial paralysis in children--study of 99 cases]. AB - Ninety-nine cases of peripheral facial paralysis in children treated at Ste. Justine's Hospital over a 10 year period were reviewed. Sexes were nearly equally affected with a slightly higher incidence in female. Cases were distributed quite evenly throughout childhood except for a definitely higher incidence in the 0--2 year old group. Trauma, Bell's palsy, and otomastoid inflammation were found to be the most frequent causes of facial palsy in that group of cases. Cases of otomastoid inflammation did generally well on antibiotics and nearly 70 per cent so recovered completely. Twenty per cent only had to undergo simple mastoidectomy and two cases a decompression. Out of 25 cases of Bell's palsy, 18 recovered totally without surgery and four were decompressed with total or partial recovery. Following this study, the need for a more complete evaluation and somewhat more standardized treatment became obvious. This may permit in the future a more adequate knowledge of the problem and likely a better management. PMID- 7359615 TI - Upper airway obstruction in children. The value of inspiratory-expiratory flow volume curves. AB - The physiological assessment of upper respiratory tract obstruction using inspiratory-expiratory flow-volume curves is a valuable non-invasive procedure in children. The technique employed at the Montreal Children's Hospital with appropriate case material is presented. Although flow-volume curves can reliably diagnose and localize a large airway obstruction, these lesions are readily monitored by spirometric testing. PMID- 7359616 TI - Ingestion of lye and other corrosive agents--a study of 86 infant and child cases. AB - Eighty-six cases of caustic ingestion seen over a 10 year period at the Montreal Children's Hospital are presented in an analytical retrospective fashion. All the patients were hospitalized. Ingestion was more common in males than females. Sixty-two patients were less than four years of age. Thirty-five of the 86 cases had esophageal burns. Esophagoscopy was performed on all cases. There was no perforation following endoscopy. Steroids and antibiotics were used on all the cases. Six patients developed stricture formation requiring bougienage. PMID- 7359617 TI - Fibromatosis presenting as vocal cord palsy. AB - For many years, pathologists have sought to create some order in the classification of non-metastasizing fibrous tissue disorders ranging from the benign keloid at one end of the scale to the "non-metastasizing fibrosarcoma" at the other. It is now generally accepted that these fibrous anomalies are members of the same family and the entire range from the most benign to the most bizarre is encompassed by the term "fibromatosis". Unfortunately, some of these lesions behave in a most aggressive manner and there appears to be little correlation between the histological appearance of the tumor and its clinical aggression. Some, particularly if occurring in the head and neck may pursue a relentless course and, defying all forms of therapy, result in death of the patient. Recently a young man presented with fibromatosis in the supraclavicular region. Despite a short history, the lesion was quite advanced and was considered surgically unresectable. Radiotherapy was thus considered to be the treatment of choice. PMID- 7359618 TI - Verrucous carcinoma of the nasopharynx--a clinicopathologic case report. AB - The purpose of this case presentation is to alert the clinician and pathologist to the unique features of verrucous carcinoma. Although the nasopharynx is an unusual site for this tumor, the features inherent to verrucous carcinoma are apparent; a misleadingly benign histologic appearance which contrasts dramatically with the inexorable progressive destruction of normal structures. Secondary infection is common and should not be mistaken for a primary process. Diagnosis rests on dialogue between clinician and pathologist. PMID- 7359620 TI - Globular intranuclear inclusions in the midgut cells of Carausius morosus: ultrastructure, composition and kinetics of growth. PMID- 7359619 TI - Familial Warthin's tumor. 1. Its synchronous occurrence in mother and son. 2. Its association with cystic oncocytic metaplasia of the larynx. AB - Warthin's tumor of the parotid gland is an unusual tumor for which a number of theories of pathogenesis have been advanced through the years, ranging from a branchiogenic origin to an embryonic lymph node origin to true neoplasia from parotid epithelial duct cells. Recently Allegra has suggested that Warthin's tumor may be a hypersensitivity disease. Presented here are two unique cases of Warthin's tumor, having both a familial relationship (synchronous occurrence in mother and son) and the association with cystic oncocytic metaplasia of the larynx. Observations lead to the conclusion that the lesion is primarily metaplastic, not neoplastic, with a secondary lymphoid reaction of the delayed hypersensitivity type. PMID- 7359621 TI - A biochemical and structural fractionation of the human red blood cell membrane using potassium phosphotungstate. PMID- 7359622 TI - High-resolution lattice imaging in radiation sensitive materials. PMID- 7359623 TI - Ultrastructure of purple membrane and cell wall of Halobacterium halobium. PMID- 7359624 TI - Large decrease in zymogen granule size in the postnatal rat pancreas. PMID- 7359625 TI - Surgical management of branch renal artery disease: in situ versus extracorporeal methods of repair. AB - Herein are presented the techniques and their respective indications that have been found most effective in replacing the renal artery and its branches. Aortorenal bypass and, occasionally, splenorenal bypass can be tailored to achieve in situ repair of most branch renal artery lesions. Extracorporeal renal revascularization and autotransplantation have been done on onar disease. Revascularization with preservation of renal parenchyma can now be achieved in almost all patients with branch renal artery disease. PMID- 7359626 TI - Calcium and oxalate concentrations in human renal tissue: the key to the pathogenesis of stone formation? AB - On the basis of what we know about urinary supersaturation and particle growth inhibitors stone formation is unlikely to start from free crystalluric particles in the renal tubule. Therefore, the object of this study is to report data on the intrarenal distribution of calcium and oxalate in man and to examine a possible relationship between calcium and oxalate concentrations in the renal tissue and stone formation. Fresh human renal tissue was obtained at operation from 7 subjects. The calcium concentrations in the papilla, medulla and cortex were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A radioenzymatic procedure was used to determine the corresponding oxalate concentrations. Significantly higher concentrations of calcium and oxalate were observed in the papilla compared to the medulla. The medulla, in turn, contained higher concentrations than the cortex. Calcium and oxalate concentrations were 6 and 25 times higher in the normal papilla than in the urine, respectively. The ion product of calcium oxalate concentrations in the human renal tissue have not been investigated, although the frequent finding of calcification in the renal papilla suggests that they may exist. The observed intrarenal calcium and oxalate concentration gradients seem to be a significant mechanism in the pathogenesis of papillary calcification and a strong indication for renal stone formation to start from fixed crystalluric particles in the papilla. PMID- 7359627 TI - Renal oxalate excretion in calcium urolithiasis. AB - Urinary oxalate was determined in an ambulatory setting in 107 patients with an increased intestinal calcium absorption rate in whom stones formed, 34 patients with normal calcium absorption in whom stones formed and 34 control subjects without stones. Urinary oxalate excretion was not significantly different when the diet was changed from a random to a calcium-restricted diet. Moreover, urinary oxalate was not higher during summer months when intestinal calcium absorption may have been stimulated. Diet history disclosed that many patients with an increased calcium absorption rate had been on a moderate oxalate restricted diet, often as part of a calcium-restricted regimen for the control of hypercalciuria. The results indicate that renal oxalate excretion in an ambulatory setting is not critically dependent on the state of calcium absorption and intake, and that the imposition of a low calcium dietary regimen in patients with an increased calcium absorption and in whom stones form does not necessarily augment oxalate excretion. PMID- 7359628 TI - Calcium oxalate crystalluria: crystal size in urine. AB - Studies of calcium oxalate crystals in urine suggest similarities to crystal growth in calcium oxalate renal calculi. Previous reports indicate that urinary crystals in patients in whom stones form are larger than those in normal subjects. We report herein a study on crystal size by structure and habit (shape) based on direct microscopic measurement of crystals in urine of 27 normal subjects and in 6 of 22 patients in whom stones form. The mean size of all crystals in normal subjects is 12.0 plus or minus 7.8 micrometers. Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals are significantly smaller than calcium oxalate dihydrate (p less than 0.01). In 22 patients with stones there was no correlation between crystalluria and severity or duration of disease. The mean crystal size in 6 patients did not support the conclusion that patients in whom stones form excrete larger crystals than normal subjects. PMID- 7359630 TI - The effect of parathyroidectomy in patients with normocalcemic calcium stones. AB - With the entity of normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism increasingly prevalent in the literature the treatment of parathyroidectomy has been advocated. A total of 21 patients with recurrent calcium-containing calculi and normocalcemia underwent parathyroidectomy. Of the 21 patients 1 had an adenoma, 9 had hyperplasia and 11 had normal glands. Of the 19 patients followed stones ceased forming in 32 per cent, while in 42 per cent calculi continued to form. Of 5 patients with multiple unassessable calculi 1 ceased passing stones. We conclude that the entity of normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism is rare and repeated serum calcium determinations to identify true hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism are necessary. PMID- 7359629 TI - How to differentiate hyperparathyroid patients among intermittent hypercalcemic urinary stone formers: a combined use of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and nephrogenous adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. PMID- 7359631 TI - Bilateral staghorn calculi--patient evaluation and management. AB - A total of 44 patients (17 men and 27 women) with simultaneous bilateral staghorn calculi underwent anatrophic nephrolithotomy with caliceal reconstruction. Excluding patients with urinary tract infection alone all but 3 had identifiable metabolic abnormalities that required treatment postoperatively. Based on numbers of kidneys operated upon the stone recurrence rate was 8.8 per cent for men and 7.4 per cent for women. No patient has required an operation for recurrent stone disease. PMID- 7359632 TI - Adjuvant surgical techniques in the removal of staghorn calculi. AB - Surgical removal of staghorn calculi can be difficult. We describe a retrospective review of 21 patients who underwent 22 operations for the removal of staghorn calculi. Subsequent urinary infections occurred in 30 per cent and recurrent stones developed in 20 per cent of the patients. We emphasize the accuracy and importance of intraoperative roentgenography, the usefulness and morbidity of hemiacidrin irrigation and the postoperative stability of renal function measured by a radionuclide renal function test. PMID- 7359633 TI - Hemiacidrin irrigation of renal pelvic calculi in patients with ileal conduit urinary diversion. AB - Five quadriplegic patients with ureteroileocutaneous urinary diversion and recurrent renal calculi underwent 8 episodes of renal pelvic irrigation with hemiacidrin solution. Irrigations were done either via a nephrostomy tube or transileostomy ureteral catheters with close monitoring of urine sterility and serum magnesium. The stones were dissolved totally in 3 of 4 patients. There were no serious complications encountered during the irrigations and the only failure was in a patient with a single ureteral catheter. Serum magnesium levels were elevated mildly in 2 patients, both of whom experienced concomitant nausea and this was relieved by discontinuing the irrigations. Hemiacidrin irrigation into collecting systems that contain interposed bowel appears to be a safe and effective form of therapy for stones. PMID- 7359634 TI - Urinary lithiasis. PMID- 7359635 TI - Observations on the small kidney associated with vesicoureteral reflux. AB - Of 63 patients with reflux and renal atrophy renal dysplasia was found in 9.5 per cent. Pyelonephritis was apparent in 81 per cent of the atrophic lesions. Urinary obstruction or ectasia was apparent in each case with dysplasia and only 2 were associated with histologic evidence of pyelonephritis. Pyelonephritis appears to be a major causal factor in atrophy occurring in renal units with reflux. Early urinary tract obstruction or distension may predispose to renal dysplasia. PMID- 7359636 TI - Routine use of the psoas hitch in ureteral reimplantation. AB - Previously, the psoas hitch had been advocated only for difficult cases of ureteral implantation, especially when there had been inadequate ureteral length. However, during the last 10 years the paoas hitch in association with a modified Paquin technique has been used routinely at this institution for ureteral reimplantation. The technique has been used in all unilateral cases and in most bilateral reimplants. Results have been excellent. The psoas hitch allows for a long submucosal tunnel, with a fixed relationship between the ureter and posterolateral bladder wall. Intermittent hydronephrosis is not seen with this method of reimplantation and there have been no voiding disturbances. PMID- 7359637 TI - Ureterocolonic anastomosis: description of a technique. AB - A simple procedure is presented for ureterocolonic anastomosis performed outside the colon. This technique provides excellent exposure for creation of a long tunnel, avoiding any angulation or constriction, and allows an easy ureterocolonic end-to-side anastomosis. PMID- 7359638 TI - Primary carcinoma of the ureter. AB - Records were reviewed for 44 patients with primary carcinoma of the ureter. The lesion was transitional cell carcinoma in 40 patients, squamous carcinoma in 3 and unclassified carcinoma in 1. The distal ureter was the site of origin in 73 per cent of the patients. The over-all 5-year survival rate of 67 per cent was influenced by the grade and the stage of the tumors, did not have a significant influence on survival. The results suggest that conservative management should be limited to patients with low grade noninvasive tumors confined to the distal ureter. Adjuvant radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy deserves further evaluation in the management of patients with invasive disease. PMID- 7359639 TI - Cystolysis: a procedure for the selective denervation of the bladder. AB - Cystolysis, a procedure for the selective supratrigonal denervation of the bladder, was used in 6 patients with intractable interstitial cystitis and in 4 patients with an uninhibited neurogenic bladder. Good results were obtained in both groups of patients. PMID- 7359640 TI - Review of experience with vesicovaginal fistula repair. AB - Experience with suprapubic closure of vesicovaginal fistulas in 42 patients considered candidates for this procedure is reviewed. Five patients required a second operation for cure and the reasons for failure are discussed. Wide exposure with tension-free closure of well vascularized flaps and the judicious interposition of pedicled omentum have produced the most encouraging results. The litigious nature of this distressing condition is lessened when primary closure is successful and supravesical diversion by ileal or colonic conduits can be avoided. PMID- 7359641 TI - Vesicovaginal and ureterovaginal fistulas: a summary of 25 years of experience. AB - The difficult problem of a vesicovaginal fistula originally was cured surgically by Sims in 1849. During the last 25 years at UCLA and affiliated hospitals 68 patients have been treated by urologic surgeons for fistulas between the vagina and the urinary tract: 21 ureterovaginal and 47 vesicovaginal and urethrovaginal fistulas. The ureterovaginal fistulas often were complex and patients presented the most challenging diagnostic problem. However, they usually were repaired successfully by simple ureteroneocystostomy. Vesicovaginal and urethrovaginal fistulas were repaired transvaginally in 24 cases, with 70 per cent success at the first attempt and 92 per cent success with 2 attempts. Transabdominal or combined approaches were less successful. Only 58 per cent of the cases were closed at first attempt. The transvaginal approach required less operating time, and resulted in less blood loss and shorter hospital stays than the transabdominal approach and will be described in detail. PMID- 7359642 TI - Venous tension patterns in cord veins. I. In normal and varicocele individuals. AB - A study on venous tension patterns in the cord veins was done on 30 normal individuals and 32 patients with a left varicocele. Semen analyses and testicular biopsies were done. Venous tension was measured with the patient at rest and during Valsalv's maneuver with a saline manometer. The average normal venous tension with the patient at rest was 58.7 mm. Hg on the right side and 59.9 mm. Hg on the left side. In varicocele patients venous tension on the right side was slightly higher than normal (the average difference being 0.9 mm. Hg), whereas on the left side it was considerably higher (the average difference being 19.7 mm. Hg with the patient at rest and 22 mm. Hg during Valsalva's maneuver). The average increase of venous tension in varicose veins during demonstrates conclusively the presence of venous reflux and hypertension in patients with varicocele. The possible effects of venous reflux on cord veins and testes are presented. The role of venous hypertension in the bilateral effect of varicocele is discussed. PMID- 7359643 TI - Bone marrow acid phosphatase in prostate cancer: an assessment by immunoassay and biochemical methods. AB - Comparisons of the bone marrow and serum acid phosphatase values obtained by counter-immunelectrophoresis and the Roy biochemical test were made in 72 patients with and in 13 patients without prostatic cancer. The counter immunoelectophoresis test, when positive at more than 1 international unit per liter, showed only 4.4 per cent falsely positive results. The Roy biochemical test, which used sodium thymolphthalein monophosphate as the substrate, had 65 per cent falsely positive bone marrow acid phosphatase levels. Conflicting reports regarding the value of bone marrow acid phosphatase determinations in patients with prostatic cancer result from the use of non-specific substrates in biochemical methods for measurement and from the trauma incidental to bone marrow aspiration, which releases many non-prostatic acid phosphatase enzymes. The use of immunoassay such as counter-immunoelectrophoresis minimizes this source of error. PMID- 7359644 TI - A comparison between bromocriptine and indomethacin in the treatment of detrusor instability. AB - Our 32 patients with urinary symptoms owing to detrusor instability (either primary or secondary to an upper motor neuron lesion) have completed a clinical trial of bromocriptine and indomethacin. Each drug was administered for 1 month, using a single blind crossover method. The symptoms and any side effects were assessed by means of a questionnaire before entry into the trial, after administration of the first drug and at the end of the trial. The improvement in diurnal and nocturnal frequency owing to indomethacin was shown by McNemar's test to be statistically highly significant. PMID- 7359645 TI - Experiences with urinary undiversion in children with neurogenic bladder. AB - Six children have undergone reconstruction of the urinary tract 14 months to 14 years after supravesical diversion for neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Five are continent: 4 by intermittent catheterization and 1 by voiding to completion. One child is just beyond infancy and wets but is not yet on a systematic program. One boy was considered a technical failure despite incontinence because of progressive hydronephrosis from a non-compliant bladder but he subsequently had an augmentation cystoplasty. Urinary undiversion into a neurogenic bladder is an acceptable option as an alternative to ileal conduit revision or for reasons of patient preference, provided bladder storage capacity is adequate at acceptably low resting pressures, without incontinence. PMID- 7359646 TI - Microphallus: distinction between anomalous and endocrine types. AB - Operative treatment of microphallus has been proscribed in recent reports. It is not indicated for the more common endocrine type because of deficient gonadotropin, primary testicular disorder or end-organ defect. However, an operation may be quite necessary for the other form owing to defective morphogenesis--the anomalous type. Representative cases provide evidence that the method of treatment depends on the type of microphallus. PMID- 7359647 TI - Hematuria and right renal mass in a man with superficial bladder tumors. PMID- 7359648 TI - Endometrioma of the kidney: case report. AB - A case of endometrioma of the right kidney with extensive involvement is presented. The patient complained of vague pain in the right lumbar region with no specific symptom relating to the kidney. An excretory urogram revealed a hydronephrotic kidney and diagnosis was a renal hydatid cyst. The 7 cases reported previously in the medical literature are reviewed briefly. PMID- 7359649 TI - Negative cystography with bladder rupture: presentation of 2 cases and review of the literature. AB - Cystography is commonly thought to be the sine qua non in the diagnosis of perforation or rupture of the bladder. Recently, we encountered 2 cases of bladder rupture discovered at subsequent exploration in which preoperative cystography had been negative. The reasons for these negative radiographic findings in light of a non-intact bladder are discussed and a technique for cystography is suggested that will reveal disruptions of the bladder with greater certainty. PMID- 7359650 TI - Complete trifurcation of the urethra. PMID- 7359651 TI - Congenital megalourethra: report of a unique case. PMID- 7359652 TI - Scrotal kidney and ureter: an unusual hernia. PMID- 7359653 TI - The radiological evaluation of intersex: technique of demonstrating Mullerian duct remnants in difficult cases. AB - In most children born with ambiguous external genitalia urethrography by the flush or catheter technique demonstrates the presence or absence of mullerian duct remnants and allows the appropriate operation to be planned according to the size and development of these remnants. However, in some cases a combined endoscopic and radiographic technique with deliberate retrograde catheterization of the vagina is mandatory. Three illustrative cases are presented. PMID- 7359654 TI - After the accident, after the ambulance, what kind of care? PMID- 7359655 TI - Histoplasmosis follow-up. PMID- 7359656 TI - Systemic effects of timolol. PMID- 7359657 TI - The orthopantomogram. PMID- 7359658 TI - Postirradiation screening for thyroid nodules. PMID- 7359659 TI - Cardiogenic shock associated with disopyramide phosphate. PMID- 7359660 TI - Value of the autopsy. PMID- 7359661 TI - Cyclophosphamide and interstitial pneumonitis. PMID- 7359662 TI - Septicemia from infected caval 'umbrella'. PMID- 7359663 TI - Cortical blindness in puerperium. PMID- 7359664 TI - Emergency management of the obstructed airway. PMID- 7359665 TI - Multiple extremity amputations in hypotensive patients treated with dopamine. AB - Dopamine hydrochloride has been established as effective in the treatment of hypotension and shock in patients with adquate blood volume. The physiological response is dose related. Administration of more than 10 microgram/kg/min results in alpha-receptor stimulation and vasoconstriction, and peripheral extremity ischemia has been reported. Four patients treated with dopamine subsequently had the development of peripheral ischemia and gangrene, resulting in the need for multiple extremity amputations. These reactions represent a major complication of treatment. PMID- 7359666 TI - Reactive hypoglycemia. AB - The clinical characteristics and scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) of 192 patients undergoing a five-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for evaluation of reactive hypoglycemia were assessed. There were twice as many women as men. One hundred twenty-nine patients had spells of light headedness, shakiness, diaphoresis, weakness, and fatigue. Hypoglycemic symptoms occurring during the test were not related to level of plasma glucose nadir or to rate of descent of glucose level. Hypoglycemia was not found when glucose levels were measured during occurrence of spontaneous symptoms in 86 patients. MMPI scores were significantly different from those of general medical patients. Both men and women evinced a conversion V profile. The five-hour OGTT seems unreliable for the diagnosis of reactive hypoglycemia, and most patients with symptoms suggestive of hypoglycemia may have emotional disturbances. PMID- 7359667 TI - Training in advanced trauma life support. AB - The lack of a standardized method for the initial assessment of the trauma patient's condition and the skills to perform emergency lifesaving surgical techniques in rural Nebraska has led to the development of an Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course. There has been a direct correlation between the presentation of the course in several rural areas of Nebraska and the improved quality of trauma care apparent when the patients arrive at a definitive care hospital. The national development of a standardized ATLS course will improve the survival of trauma patients as has been experienced with the Advanced Cardiac Life Support course and cardiac patients. PMID- 7359669 TI - NIH intramural program endangered. PMID- 7359668 TI - Diabetic neuropathic cachexia. Beneficial response to combination therapy with amitriptyline and fluphenazine. PMID- 7359670 TI - Ludwig's angina. PMID- 7359671 TI - Respiratory distress in the newborn. PMID- 7359672 TI - Experimental uses of 'internal tourniquet' continue to expand. PMID- 7359674 TI - The elderly: newest victims of familial abuse. PMID- 7359673 TI - No proof of environmental ill effects on heart. PMID- 7359675 TI - Disease alert. PMID- 7359676 TI - Lithium carbonate hypothyroidism, and serum creatine phosphokinase level. PMID- 7359677 TI - Self-inflicted recurrent pancreatitis. PMID- 7359678 TI - Cost of coronary angiography. PMID- 7359679 TI - Postoperative ulnar neuropathy. PMID- 7359680 TI - Turtle-associated salmonellosis in the United States. Effect of Public Health Action, 1970 to 1976. AB - We examined the effect of state and federal legislative actions on the incidence of human salmonellosis associated with pet turtles. Using the Salmonella Surveillance System of the Center for Disease Control, we identified Salmonella serotypes that were and were not specifically turtle associated. From 1970 to 1976, there was a 77% reduction in frequency of turtle-associated serotypes and no consistent trend among non-turtle-associated serotypes. Decrease in frequency of turtle-associated serotypes correlated best with decrease in total production of pet turtles. Reduction in turtle-associated sertotypes temporally correlated with an 18% reduction in frequency of salmonellosis in children, aged 1 to 9 years. Frequency of turtle-associated serotypes rapidly fell in states importing turtles, in contrast to states producing them. Continued although infrequent occurrence of salmonellosis in children with pet turtles counsels against relaxing legislation concerned with its control. PMID- 7359681 TI - Special considerations for minority participation in prenatal diagnosis. AB - Parents who use information from prenatal diagnosis in family planning may be faced with difficult decisions. For a variety of reasons, the communications and decision-making process may be substantially more complex and difficult if the parents are members of a minority group. Unless a number of special considerations are kept in mind when programs of prenatal diagnosis for minorities are developed, such programs may be more harmful than beneficial. PMID- 7359682 TI - Hypernatremia in hepatic failure. AB - The presence of hypernatremia in patients with hepatic failure has not received major attention. We examined the records of 25 patients admitted to the hospital with decompensated liver disease (usually Laennec's cirrhosis) and found hypernatremia in 15. Probable causes include increased insensible water losses, impairment of water intake due to encephalopathy, and the use of osmotic cathartics with hypotonic enteric losses. Patients in this series showing hypernatremia had a mortality of 87%. Mortality in those without hypernatremia was 60%. The presence of increased serum sodium concentrations in patients with decompensated liver disease is an ominous but correctable abnormality reflecting a disturbance in water balance. PMID- 7359683 TI - Spontaneous skin tearing during systemic corticosteroid treatment. AB - A 52-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis experienced painless spontaneous hemorrhage, tearing, and necrosis of the skin on the lower laternal aspect of both legs. Thereapy with systemic prednisone had been used to suppress active synovitis for almost four years and was associated with moon facies, hirsutism, truncal obesity, thinning of the skin, extensive purpura on the extremities, and other manifestations of hypercortisolism. There was no evidence of rheumatoid vasculitis, trauma, or blood dyscrasia. The leg lesions may represent an exaggerated type of steroid-induced purpura resulting in localized areas of gangrenous skin. PMID- 7359684 TI - Sulindac-induced Stevens-Johnson toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome. PMID- 7359685 TI - Tolmetin anaphylactoid reaction. PMID- 7359686 TI - Grand larceny at the cellular level. PMID- 7359687 TI - Masks of deception. PMID- 7359688 TI - New anti-herpes virus drug being tested. PMID- 7359689 TI - Protection of human subjects. PMID- 7359690 TI - Hyperventilation syndrome. PMID- 7359691 TI - Hyperventilation syndrome. PMID- 7359693 TI - Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. PMID- 7359692 TI - Dilation of arterial stenoses. PMID- 7359694 TI - Thyroid dysfunction in the ailing, aging, and aberrant. PMID- 7359695 TI - Belt tightening at the NIH. Just how alarming is the alarm? PMID- 7359696 TI - Sample selection and the natural history of disease. Studies of febrile seizures. AB - We have compared published reports on the frequency of unfavorable sequelae in a common disorder of childhood, febrile seizures, as ascertained from hospital clinics or referral units, with the frequency as reported from population-based studies. Studies on defined populations, in which the attempt was made to recognize and follow up all affected persons regardless of medical care sought for the condition, are in close agreement and indicate relatively low rates of unfavorable sequelae. Clinic-based studies of febrile seizures have reported disparate results, including high frequencies of adverse outcomes. A possible explanation is that patients in clinic-based studies may not be representative of persons with the disorder in the general population. PMID- 7359697 TI - Monitoring operative risk in the elderly. AB - To reduce operative mortality in elderly patients, a system of preoperative staging, based on invasive monitoring, was developed. All of the 148 consecutive patients studied had been cleared for surgery by standard assessment, but only 13.5% had normal measured, hemodynamic, respiratory, and oxygen transport function. Mild physiologic aberrations, not requiring a delay in surgery, or more severe abnormalities, indicative of high operative risk, were found in 63.5% of the patients. Advanced and incorrigible functional defects found in the remaining 23% made them unacceptable risks for major surgery under general anesthesia, and all who underwent the planned operation in spite of the warning died. Invasive preoperative assessment of elderly patients discloses a high percentage of serious physiologic abnormalities requiring a delay in some and cancellation of the operation in others. PMID- 7359698 TI - Pulmonary paragonimiasis in childhood. A cause of persistent pneumonia and hemoptysis. AB - A 4-year-old Filipino girl, a recent immigrant to Hawaii, had hemoptysis, and a chest roentgenogram disclosed diffuse infiltrates of the right lung. Microscopic examination of a morning gastric aspirate showed numerous golden-brown, operculated ova, and microscopic examination of sputum and stool specimens confirmed these ova to be those of the lung fluke, Paragonimus westermani. She responded favorably to bithionol therapy and was asymptomatic and growing normally 2 1/2 years after therapy. PMID- 7359699 TI - Hidden bias in research design. PMID- 7359700 TI - Herbal abortifacients. PMID- 7359702 TI - New dummies for crash research. PMID- 7359701 TI - Extrinsic barium collection on barium enema examination. PMID- 7359703 TI - Vertebral osteomyelitis often goes undiagnosed. PMID- 7359704 TI - Paranoid psychosis with sulindac. PMID- 7359705 TI - Classification of anterior chest wall syndromes. PMID- 7359706 TI - Employment status of house staff. PMID- 7359707 TI - Computing and expressing degree of fatness. PMID- 7359708 TI - Differentiation of thyroid from parathyroid cysts. PMID- 7359709 TI - Agent Orange and skin rash--a different experience. PMID- 7359710 TI - Acupuncture and possible hepatitis B infection. PMID- 7359712 TI - Halothane in balanced anesthesia. PMID- 7359711 TI - Agent Orange and spontaneous abortions. PMID- 7359713 TI - From the NIH: a look at the management of psoriasis. PMID- 7359714 TI - Is cocaine a sympathetic stimulant during general anesthesia? AB - Eighteen patients undergoing coronary artery surgery were observed to examine whether cocaine in a clinically used dose exerts sympathomimetic effects during general anesthesia. Eleven patients received cocaine hydrochloride as a 10% solution (1.5 mg/kg) applied topically to the nasal mucosa before nasotracheal intubation. Seven patients had a similar procedure without cocaine. Blood pressure, pulse rate, cardiac index, left ventricular stroke work index, total peripheral vascular resistance, and pulmonary vascular resistance were measured. There were no important differences in cardiovascular function between patient groups. The rapid rise in plasma cocaine concentration, reaching 331 ng/mL at 30 minutes and 320 ng/mL at 45 minutes, bore no apparent relationship to any changes in cardiovascular function. We conclude that under conditions of this study, administration of topical cocaine does not exert any clinically significant sympathomimetic effect and appears to be well tolerated in anesthetized patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7359716 TI - Bedside clinics in neurology. An alternate format for the one-day course in continuing medical education. AB - Five one-day workshops entitled "Bedside Clinics in Neurology" were conducted and evaluated at the annual American Medical Association conventions during the past four years. A problem-based, student-centered, small-group approach using simulated patient problems was used as a means of avoiding the educational assumptions made by the more conventional teacher-centered lecture-discussion format. The response by participants in an immediate evaluation and six-month follow-up of the last two workshops indicated that (1) this format was stimulating, (2) the workshop would be attended again if conducted in a different topic, (3) the participants would pay a mean cost of $70, and (4) the workshop provided practical and relevant information for their day-to-day practice situation. Further evaluation to assess the educational effectiveness of this format is being planned. PMID- 7359717 TI - Physicians and health policy. PMID- 7359715 TI - Hemodynamic effects of nitrous oxide administered during cardiac catheterization. AB - To assess the effects of nitrous oxide on hemodynamics and left ventricular function in man, 30 patients (24 of whom had coronary artery disease) were studied at the time of cardiac catheterization. Left ventricular peak-systolic pressure and end-diastolic volume showed no significant change during nitrous oxide inhalation. The maximum rate of pressure rise declined slightly, but left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and ejection fraction were unchanged. Heart rate and cardiac index declined modestly. The pressure-rate product and left ventricular minute work index decreased, suggesting a decline in myocardial oxygen requirements. These data suggest that nitrous oxide inhalation does not produce important depression of left ventricular performance. The consistent decrease in the determinants of myocardial oxygen demand suggests that use of this analgesic agent may be helpful in patients with coronary heart disease. PMID- 7359718 TI - Acromegaly with an adenomatous pharyngeal pituitary. AB - A patient with acromegaly was found to have a discrete adenoma of the pharyngeal pituitary lodged within the sphenoid sinus. Removal of this adenoma, believed to be complete, did not normalize the growth hormone secretion. At the time of surgery, inspection and biopsy of the pituitary gland failed to disclose the presence of any identifiable intrasellar adenoma; one year later, however, definite radiological changes indicated the presence of an intrasellar mass. The underlying pathophysiology in this patient may have been due to diffuse hyperplasia of hypersecreting nonsuppressible somatotrophs, with adenoma formation secondary to the hyperplasia. PMID- 7359719 TI - Thoracic deformity and flail chest in renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 7359720 TI - Hyperadrenergic state after trauma to the neuroaxis. PMID- 7359721 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Association with amyloidosis and multiple myeloma. PMID- 7359722 TI - The physician and the civic self. PMID- 7359723 TI - Evaluation of new analgesics. Butorphanol and nalbuphine. PMID- 7359724 TI - Beyond tricyclics: outlook on antidepressive treatments. PMID- 7359725 TI - Can depression be categorized? PMID- 7359726 TI - The psychoanalytic view. PMID- 7359727 TI - Health precautions in Mexico. PMID- 7359728 TI - Health precautions in Mexico. PMID- 7359729 TI - Patients with sensation of a rectal mass. PMID- 7359731 TI - Postoperative ulnar neuropathy. PMID- 7359730 TI - Swan-Ganz catheter and superior vena cava syndrome. PMID- 7359733 TI - Take two aspirin and see me in the macrocosm. PMID- 7359732 TI - Dosage of penicillamine. PMID- 7359734 TI - Algorithm-directed triage of pediatric patients. A prospective study. AB - An Army corpsman used physician-written triage algorithms to rate the urgency of the chief complaints of 2,000 pediatric outpatients. His ratings agreed with subsequent ratings by physicians in 84% of cases. The corpsman assigned a higher care urgency classification in 15% of cases and a lower classification in only 1.2% of cases. No danger to patients resulted from the algorithm-directed screening. Use of a "nonprofessional" as a triage agent spares the pediatrician, pediatric nurse practitioner, and nurse for providing health care. With increasing use of acute care facilities by patients without appointments, physician-written algorithms allow triage agents who lack formal medical training to determine safely the need for care of patients. PMID- 7359736 TI - Use of blood in elective surgery. AB - A retrospective study of blood-ordering practices and blood use for elective surgical procedures at the Veterans Administration Medical Center of New Orleans shows a cross match-to-transfusion ratio of 4.29. To reduce this ratio, a guideline for ABO-Rh type and antibody screen (type and screen) is implemented. This avoids routine cross matching for those surgical procedures where blood is seldon transfused. PMID- 7359735 TI - Cimetidine postmarket outpatient surveillance program. Interim report on phase I. AB - A postmarket surveillance program in outpatients receiving cimetidine was initiated seven months after its approval for marketing. During the first phase of the program, data were obtained over a three-month period for 9,907 patients who received the drug. The overall incidence of adverse effects reported was 4.4%, and the types of adverse effects did not differ from those reported in premarketing controlled studies. Physician response was excellent (85.1%), and the methods used were successful in providing data on a large number of patients who received the drug in routine clinical practice. The results confirmed the safety profile of cimetidine. A follow-up phase, initiated six months after the initial phase of the surveillance program, will provide longer-term data on these patients. PMID- 7359737 TI - Determination of mean pulmonary capillary pressure by a noninvasive technique. AB - The feasibility of estimating the mean pulmonary capillary pressure (PCP) by simultaneous noninvasive recording of the ECG, phonocardiogram, and mitral valve echocardiogram was tested in 36 patients with miscellaneous heart lesions. The recordings were made in close sequence with direct measurement of PCP by a catheter. The interval from the onset of the QRS complex to the echocardiographic point C of mitral valve closure (Q-C) and the time from the aortic valve closure sound to the E point of the mitral echocardiogram (A2-E) were measured. The difference between these two intervals exhibited a good linear correlation with the PCP. A better correlation was found between the ratio (Q-C)/(A2-E) and the PCP, which is potentially useful in the noninvasive determination of PCP in several forms of heart disease. PMID- 7359738 TI - The use of drugs for unlabeled indications. AB - A chart review of 500 drug uses during a three-month period in a family practice clinic showed that 46 (9.2%) were for indications not included in the Food and Drug Administration-approved labeling. Dipyridamole was the drug most frequently and consistently prescribed for unlabeled indications. On no occasion did the chart show that patients were informed that a drug was being prescribed for an unlabeled indication. Unlabeled indications most frequently encountered in the chart review were also frequently mistaken by family practice residents and faculty responding to a questionnaire as being included in FDA-approved labeling. The indications as listed in the manufacturers' literature (eg, package insert, Physician's Desk Reference) often do not reflect how drugs are used in clinical practice. PMID- 7359739 TI - Hazards of oral anticoagulants during pregnancy. AB - Prenatal exposure to oral anticoagulants during pregnancy may result in defective fetal development or life-threatening hemorrhage. Fetal exposure during the first eight weeks of pregnancy may cause abnormal development of the facial structures, hypoplastic digits, strippled epiphyses, and mental retardation. Midtrimester exposure may result in optic atrophy, faulty brain growth, and developmental retardation. Third-trimester exposure may produce fetal anticoagulation, predisposing the infant to life-threatening hemorrhage in the perinatal period. Anticoagulation with heparin sodium does not provide a clearly safe alternative, since this therapy has been associated with excessive fetal loss. PMID- 7359740 TI - The reporting of laboratory data interpretations: to omit or commit? PMID- 7359741 TI - Interpretive reporting in clinical pathology. PMID- 7359743 TI - Putting a better cap on the cervix. PMID- 7359742 TI - Gray-scale ultrasonography of the neck. PMID- 7359744 TI - No resolution on question of antibiotics in feed. PMID- 7359745 TI - Anticoagulant therapy and myocardial infarction. PMID- 7359746 TI - Treatment of asthma. PMID- 7359747 TI - Delirium associated with sulindac. PMID- 7359748 TI - Angiotensin and hypertension. PMID- 7359749 TI - Infectious mononucleosis and Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7359750 TI - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease) in adults. PMID- 7359751 TI - A case-control study of menopausal estrogen therapy and breast cancer. AB - The association between estrogen replacement therapy and female breast cancer was studied in two Los Angeles area retirement communities. The 138 study cases of breast cancer occurring in residents younger than 75 years were compared with age and race-matched community control subjects. The risk ratio for a total cumulative dose in excess of 1,500 mg was estimated to be 2.5 in women with intact ovaries. This increase was present using various independent sources of drug usage information but was inconsistent at low dose and undetectable in oophorectomized women. No important sources of confounding could be identified, and no risk modifiers could be identified except for a history of surgically confirmed benign breast disease. In such women with intact ovaries, the risk ratio for a high cumulative dose rose to 5.7 relative to nonusers with normal breasts. PMID- 7359752 TI - Laboratory tests in chronic urticaria. AB - One hundred twenty-five patients with chronic urticaria were evaluated with 11 commonly recommended laboratory and radiologic procedures. Abnormal studies were obtained in 26 (20.8%) of these patients, but the majority of these abnormalities were evident from the initial history and physical examination. These results indicate that, with the possible exception of sinus roentgenograms, these laboratory studies are not likely to be helpful in the evaluation of chronic urticaria unless there are suggestive findings in the history and physical examination. The yield and equivalent charge of diagnosis for each procedure used was also analyzed. PMID- 7359753 TI - Early confirmation of stress fractures in joggers. AB - Four joggers had early confirmation of clinically suspected stress fractures by radionuclide bone scans. The radioactive bone scan was abnormal as early as six weeks prior to the appearance of conventional roentgenographic changes. The stress fractures involved the bones of the lower extremities and included the femur, tibia, and calcaneus. Radioactive bone scanning also correctly identified stress fractures with bilateral involvement and referred pain. In joggers, when a stress fracture is clinically suspected and the conventional radiographs are negative, a radioactive bone scan is indicated for early confirmation and institution of appropriate treatment. PMID- 7359754 TI - Communication failure in primary care. Failure of consultants to provide follow up information. AB - In a two-physician general practive within 80 km of two university medical centers, there were 4,367 patient visits in six months, from which 233 referrals (5.3%) were made to consultants. All referred patients were accompanied by referral material and a request for follow-up information. The overall rate of receiving follow-up information was 62%. Private specialists provided substantially more follow-up information (78%) than either university-affiliated emergency rooms (48%) or university-affiliated specialty clinics (59%). Patients requiring continuing medical supervision from the referring physician also fared poorly: follow-up information for them was provided only 54% of the time. The timeliness and method of providing follow-up information were examined and believed to be satisfactory when follow-up information was returned. PMID- 7359755 TI - Splenic repair in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. PMID- 7359756 TI - Iatrogenic acute nasal obstruction in an obligate nose breather. PMID- 7359757 TI - Estrogen replacement therapy. PMID- 7359758 TI - Cost containment in the clinical laboratory--to be or to seem to be, or when is a nontest a test? PMID- 7359759 TI - [Studies on the method to measure the lower esophageal sphincter and on its scoring method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359760 TI - [Aplasia of body and tail of the pancreas.--A report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359762 TI - [Direct conversion of ursodeoxycholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid by human intestinal microorganisms under the anaerobic condition (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359761 TI - [A case of chronic relapsing pancreatitis with massive pancreatic pleural effusion due to internal fistula of pancreatic pseudocyst (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359763 TI - [Leukocyte migration inhibition in response to pancreas antigen in chronic pancreatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359764 TI - [Fluorescence histochemical study of intrinsic innervation and serotonin release mechanism in proximal colon of the cat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359766 TI - [Dynamic study of ammonia metabolism after rectal administration of 13N-ammonia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359765 TI - [A study of carbohydrate absorption by expiratory hydrogen test (EHT). 1. Studies by ingestion of lactulose and lactose (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359768 TI - [Effect of endogenous cholecystokinin on the movement of the papillary region (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359767 TI - [Corticosteroid therapy on the chronic active liver disease. Clinical and pathological report from the Osaka Study Group for Liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359770 TI - [Internal herniation behind gastrojejunostomy loop of Billroth II gastrectomy: report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359769 TI - [A clinical role of determination of lipase activity in the duodenal juice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359771 TI - [Studies on clinical, histopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with small-sized gastric carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359773 TI - [Surgically induced right bundle branch block and its clinical importance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359772 TI - [A case of tubular adenoma in the rectum with the flat encircled growth accompanying megacolon and hypopotassemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359774 TI - [The study of arrhythmias after open heart surgery--especially atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359775 TI - [Arrhythmias in the late stage following total correction of tetralogy of Fallot (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359776 TI - [Arrhythmias following cardiac valve replacement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359777 TI - [The relation between ventricular arrhythmia and serum digoxin concentration after open heart surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359778 TI - [Cardiac pacing after open heart surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359779 TI - [Problems of arrhythmias after heart surgery]. PMID- 7359780 TI - [Effect of intraaortic balloon pumping on ventricular arrhythmias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359781 TI - [A successful repair of atypical coarctation of the aorta in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359782 TI - [Prevention of arrhythmia secondary to the cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359783 TI - [An autopsy case of aneurysm of the right coronary sinus of Valsalva with rupture into the left ventricle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359784 TI - [Report of a thymoma recurring in the right pleural cavity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359785 TI - [Clinical conference at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sapporo Medical College. 1. Evaluation of apico-aortic bypass]. PMID- 7359786 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndrome after open heart surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359787 TI - [Left upper lobectomy combined with segmental resection of pulmonary artery for bronchogenic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359788 TI - [Left ventricular rupture as a complication of mitral valve replacement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359789 TI - [Long-term follow-up of artificial valves in patients under 15 years of age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359790 TI - [Thymoma with calcification (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359791 TI - [Total correction of congenital absence of the pulmonary valve associated with large VSD (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359792 TI - [Leiomyoma of the bronchus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359793 TI - [Use of an automatic cutoff valve for the heart-lung machine]. PMID- 7359794 TI - [Clinical conference at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sapporo Medical College. 2. Traumatic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta--X-ray interpretation]. PMID- 7359795 TI - [EVR monitoring during left heart bypass for two cases of descending thoracic aneurysmectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359796 TI - [Surgical treatment of giant emphysematous bullae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359797 TI - [Infection rate and antibiotic prophylaxis in open heart surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7359799 TI - The East Baltimore study. I. plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in an inner city black population. PMID- 7359798 TI - Homocystinuria due to a cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency: clinical manifestations and therapy. PMID- 7359800 TI - [Diagnostic problems and treatment results in varicose veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7359801 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis and treatment of an atherosclerotic lesion of the aorta and iliac arteries]. PMID- 7359802 TI - [Reconstructive operations in obliterating vascular diseases of the lower extremities at different stages of circulatory compensation in the extremities]. PMID- 7359803 TI - [Atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms]. PMID- 7359804 TI - [Determination of the viability of the ischemic tissues in acute arterial obstruction]. PMID- 7359805 TI - [Selective catheterization of the internal iliac arteries with aortography in sexual function disorders]. PMID- 7359806 TI - [Hemodynamic mechanisms of blood pressure increase in hypertension]. PMID- 7359807 TI - [Treatment of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia by permanent endocardiac electrostimulation]. PMID- 7359808 TI - [Diagnosis of acute pulmonary artery embolism]. AB - The clinical picture and the electrocardiographic and rheopneumographic findings were compared with the data obtained during operation or angiopneumography in 31 patients with embolism of the pulmonary artery. In massive embolism of the pulmonary artery, the dominating clinical symptoms were sudden dyspnea, tachycardia and cyanosis. Collapse and cardiac arrest were encountered in most patients. Moderate embolism is characterized by advancing dyspnea but cyanosis and tachycardia are inconsistant symptoms. The results of electrocardiography and rheopneumography are in correlation with the data obtained in catheterization of the heart, angiopneumography and during embolectomy. PMID- 7359809 TI - [Potentials of ultrasonic diagnosis in acute obstruction of the major arteries of the extremities]. AB - The possibilities of ultrasonic doppler-diagnosis in acute occlusion of the main arteries of the upper and lower limbs were studied in 529 patients with acute arterial occlusion (embolism in 425, acute thrombosis in 104) and 25 patients without arterial pathology. The criteria of exact topical diagnosis and the method for quantitative assessment of hemodynamic disorders were developed. The data of ultrasonic diagnosis were compared with those of angiography, intraoperative findings, and the results of autopsy. The results obtained point to the high diagnostic value and high degree of precision of ultrasonic doppler diagnosis in patients with acute thrombosis and embolism of the peripheral limb arteries. PMID- 7359810 TI - [Compression stenosis of the celiac trunk as 1 of the causes of ischemic disease of the digestive organs]. AB - Experience in the treatment of 218 patients with compression stenosis of the celiac trunk is generalized. The clinical symptoms and the angiographic semiotics of the disease are described in detail. Active surgical tactics is substantiated and the results of operations are studied. PMID- 7359811 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms]. AB - The results of surgical treatment of 26 patients for aneurysm of the abdominal aorta are analysed. Planned operations were carried out on 21 patients. Twenty patients recovered. In 2 of 5 patients with complicated forms of the aneurysm the outcome was favourable. Resection of the aneurysm of the abdominal aorta with prosthetics of the affected segment is the only radical method of treatment. In aortic aneurysm and affection of the visceral and renal arteries, one-stage correction of the pathological condition is indicated. Simultaneous correction of the abnormality of the abdominal organs does not cause an increase in postoperative mortality. PMID- 7359812 TI - [Diagnostic principles, the surgical procedure and the results of the treatment of certain forms of arterial hypertension]. AB - The experience in the examination of 1,520 patients with arterial hypertension in the surgical clinic is analysed. The surgical tactics in the most common forms of symptomatic hypertension, renovascular hypertension, adrenal diseases, and coarctation of the aorta are discussed on the basis of experience in 577 operations on 512 patients. Analysis of the late postoperative results in 395 patients shows that even now the results of the operations are quite satisfactory. PMID- 7359813 TI - [Surgical assessment of radioisotopic visualization of the adrenals in Conn's syndrome]. PMID- 7359814 TI - [Pathophysiological aspects of the venous hemodynamics in acute thrombosis of the deep veins and in the postthrombophlebitic syndrome of the lower extremities and pelvis]. AB - The systemic, regional, and microcirculatory hemodynamics was studied complexly by radioisotope methods in 54 patients with acute thrombosis of the deep veins of the lower limbs and pelvis and in 58 patients with the postthrombophlebitic syndrome. It is shown that in acute venous thrombosis the regional stasis and hypertension are attended by considerable deposits of blood in the "affected" limb with a decrease in the venous return to the heart and disturbance of transcapillary exchange. In the postthrombotic syndrome the pathogenetic importance of venous stasis and hypertension is maintained both in the stage of occlusion and in the stage of recanalization. In this case, the hemodynamic changes in the edematous-algesic form differ from those in the edematous ulcerative form. It is established that occlusion of the ilio-femoral-popliteal tibial segment in acute venous thrombosis and postthrombophlebitic syndrome is characterized by the most pronounced shifts in regional hemodynamics. PMID- 7359815 TI - [Ligation of the left coronary artery ostium in its origin from the pulmonary trunk]. AB - Operation was performed on 8 patients whose left coronary artery arose from the pulmonary artery; one of the patients was operated on twice. Three patients had been operated on twice before 1972, the operation in all of them consisted in talcum suspension insufflation into the pericardium. The results of these operations were poor. Operation for ligation of the orifice of the left coronary artery was conducted on 6 patients (including one with the ineffective talcum suspension insufflation into the pericardium). All patients who were operated on at the age of over one year survived. In children of the first year of life with a low ejection fraction and absence of expulsion on the level of the pulmonary artery the results of surgery were poor. PMID- 7359816 TI - [Surgical procedure in repeated operations on the mitral valve]. AB - The experience in repeated operations on the mitral valve is generalized and the results of 340 repeated closed mitral commissurotomies and 124 operations performed under conditions of extracorporeal circulation are analysed. Hospital mortality in open operations is still rather high (20%), whereas the stability of good results in follow-up periods of up to 5 years is 53.9%. At the same time, the results of repeated closed operations are quite acceptable; low hospital mortality (4.7%), relatively satisfactory stability of good results (55.3% in follow-up periods of up to 10 years). The authors believe that a differentiated approach to the choice of the method for repated operations on the mitral valve is necessary. PMID- 7359817 TI - [Choice of heart surgery patients by the medical census method]. AB - Cardiosurgical patients were selected in Novosibirsk during medical census of persons suffering from valvular disease; 2244 (81.2%) patients with congenital valvular diseases and 3979 (51.5%) those with acquired valvular diseases were chosen for operative treatment. Among patients with congenital valvular diseases, 12.1% underwent operation, surgery was indicated in 32.5%, and a follow-up of the pathological process was recommended in 36.6% of patients. In the group of acquired valvular diseases, 7.0% of patients were operated on, operation was indicated in 27.6%, and a follow-up recommended in 51.5% of patients. PMID- 7359818 TI - [Use of ultrasonic scanning of the kidneys and abdominal portion of the aorta in the diagnosis of certain forms of symptomatic arterial hypertension]. AB - Ultrasonic scanning of the kidneys, abdominal aorta, and renal arteries was conducted in 2 patients with hypertensive disease and in 13 with symptomatic arterial hypertension. An ultrasonogram of a normal kidney and aorta was obtained, as well as ultrasonograms with changes recorded in pyelonephritis, polycystosis of the kidneys, atherosclerosis and panarteritis of the abdominal aorta and its branches. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive, informative method which does not harm the patient. It may be used in the diagnosis of some forms of symptomatic arterial hypertension associated with affection of the kidneys and abdominal aorta. Ultrasonic scanning is particularly valuable in the examination of patients for whom radiocontrast methods are contraindicated. PMID- 7359819 TI - [Aspects of the pathology, clinical picture and treatment of occlusive and valvular insufficiency of the venous circulation in the lower extremities]. AB - The results of studying 475 patients with chronic venous circulatory insufficiency and 157 persons with venous-trophic ulcers of the crus are analysed. Exact determination of the segments of the primary lesion and the routes of the compensatory drainage is very important in the choice of the method of treatment of these patients. The object of the operation is removal of the lesion and restoration of the blood flow, which is achieved by thrombectomy in the early stages and by correcting manipulations in the later stages. PMID- 7359820 TI - [Surgical correction of the venous blood flow in congenital hypoplasia of the deep venous system of the lower extremity]. AB - Problems concerning the surgical treatment of patients with congenital hypoplasia of the deep veins of the lower limb are analyzed. Among 218 patients with angiodysplasia of the lower limbs 108 were found to have a venous form of the lesion, in 90 of whom hypoplasia of the deep venous system was diagnosed from clinico-angiographic findings. Corrective operations developed by the authors (excision of the venous conglomerate or hemangiomas together with the changed subcutaneous fat of the dorsal surface of the foot in combination with replantation of a perforated skin graft and extensive operation of the Linton type) made it possible to achieve regression of the symptoms of severe chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limb in 85% of cases. PMID- 7359821 TI - [Surgical treatment of occlusive lesions of the terminal portion of the aorta and arteries of the lower extremities]. AB - Surgical treatment of 320 patients with occlusive lesions of the terminal aorta and arteries of the lower extremities is analysed. The operation was performed on the aorto-femoral segment in 127 patients, on the femoro-popliteal-tibial segment in 103, and 70 patients underwent sympathectomy. Data concerning the study of tissue processes in the ischemic limb and changes in central and regional hemodynamics after reconstructive operations on the aorta and arteries are discussed. It is noted that long-term conservative treatment with the use of drugs affecting microcirculation is necessary after surgery. PMID- 7359822 TI - [Prevention of complications in surgery on the abdominal aorta]. AB - In unfavourable outcomes of direct operations on the aorta, the main importance is attached to thrombosis of the reconstructed segment and the subsequent development of their specific complications. Measures for thrombosis prevention, the use of hyperbaric oxygenation, and appraisal of coronary circulation on the basis of the results of bicycle ergometry play a significant role in providing safety of the operation. PMID- 7359823 TI - [X-ray study of the collateral blood flow in vasorenal hypertension]. AB - The radiological signs of collateral blood flow were studied in 254 patients with vasorenal hypertension, 142 of whom had atherosclerosis, 59 had fibrous dysplasia, and 53 had aortoarteritis. The collaterals were found to be more pronounced in the two forms of hypertension mentioned last (55.9 and 58.5%, respectively). The patients' age and the sharp degree of renal artery stenosis are the main factors determining the development of collaterals. The collateral blood flow prevents the development of ischemic atrophy of the kidney to a certain measure, but does not protect the patients from hypertension. The specific features of the collateral channels are revealed more fully by using various methods of renal vasography, which is important in assessment of the character of the pathological condition and the choice of the therapeutic tactics. PMID- 7359824 TI - [Changes in cardio- and hemodynamics in vasorenal hypertension after surgical treatment]. AB - Cardio- and hemodynamics were studied in 21 patients with vasorenal hypertension after surgical correction of the renal blood flow. Reduction of arterial pressure due to marked decrease of total peripheral resistance was noted. In the early postoperative period the minute circulation volume increased because of tachycardia, in the late periods it increased due to an increase in the systolic volume with concomitant decrease in the rate of cardiac contractions. A tendency towards a hyperkinetic type of circulation was revealed in the late postoperative period. PMID- 7359825 TI - [Indications for surgical treatment in ischemic heart disease and its results]. AB - Of the 210 patients who underwent direct coronary surgery for stable and unstable angina pectoris and acute myocardial ischemia, 187 were followed up after the operation for 11 months on the average. Operative mortality was 11%. Among the 187 patients, 46.5% were completely relieved of angina, 36.4% showed moderate improvement, and 16.9% had no improvement in their condition. Patients with prior myocardial infarction had a substantially diminished success rate for relief of angina. Postoperative angiography in 125 patients demonstrated high correlation between clinical response and graft patency. It is concluded that direct coronary surgery provides partial or complete relief of angina pectoris in 82.9% of patients, and this response to operative treatment may be directly related to the success of the surgery ensuring patency of the graft, evidence of which is demonstrated by angiography. PMID- 7359826 TI - [Frequency analysis of the development and outcomes of acute thromboses and embolisms of the peripheral vessels in a varying heliogeomagnetic situation]. AB - The data on 292 patients treated in the clinic for acute thrombosis and embolism of the peripheral vessels from 1969 to 1978 are analysed. The dynamics of the frequency of the development of these vascular complications with consideration for the heliogeomagnetic situation were studied. It is established that the condition is more serious and the mortality rate higher in patients who became ill on magnetoactive days than in individuals in whom the disease developed in a magnetotranquil period. PMID- 7359827 TI - [Ca-accumulating capacity of the cell membranes of the myocardium and smooth musculature in rats with spontaneous genetic hypertension]. AB - The features of calcium binding and accumulation by the membrane fractions of the myocardium, aorta, and uterus of rats with spontaneous genetic hypertension (SHR) were studied by the method of radioisotope exchange. A decrease in the Ca accumulating capacity of the reticulum and increase in that of the mitochondria of the SHR myocardium as compared to the Ca-accumulating property of the myocardial fractions of rats with normal arterial pressure were demonstrated. The changes in intracellular accumulation of calcium in the SHR aorta are linked with the membranes of the sarcolemma in which the ATP-dependent and ATP-independent binding of calcium was found to be reduced. The membrane Ca-accumulating capacity was also found to be changed in cells of smooth muscles no exposed to the direct long-term effect of increased arterial pressure: the Ca-accumulating capacity of the mitochondria of the SHR uterus is 1.3-1.6 times less than that in animals with normal arterial pressure. PMID- 7359828 TI - [Secretory and motor functions of the stomach in stenosis of the celiac trunk]. PMID- 7359830 TI - [Diagnostic and treatment characteristics of diverticulosis of the large intestine]. PMID- 7359829 TI - [Drainage operations on the extrahepatic bile ducts in complicated forms of acute cholecystitis and their effect on lipid metabolism]. PMID- 7359831 TI - [Rarely encountered fistulae of the perineum and perianal region simulating chronic paraproctitis]. PMID- 7359832 TI - [Use of rectoromanoscopy for detecting precancerous diseases of the large intestine in sanatoria and preventoria]. PMID- 7359833 TI - [Comprehensive preoperative preparation of patients with large and giant postoperative ventral hernias]. PMID- 7359834 TI - [Clinical morphological study of the cryosurgical results using liquid nitrogen in hemangiomas in children]. PMID- 7359835 TI - [Terminology and classification of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7359836 TI - [Diagnostic and procedural errors in intra peritoneal traumatic rectal injuries in peacetime]. PMID- 7359837 TI - [Intr-abdominal hernias simulating nonorganic retroperitoneal tumors]. PMID- 7359838 TI - [Peripheral blood reaction in intestinal infarct]. PMID- 7359839 TI - [Treatment of acute paraproctitis]. PMID- 7359841 TI - [Treatment experience with external intestinal fistulae]. PMID- 7359840 TI - [Optimal variant of the combined treatment of rectal cancer]. PMID- 7359842 TI - [Polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract causing chronic, intermittent, multiple invaginated intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 7359843 TI - [Modification of the Bassini-Postempskii method in treating direct inguinal hernias]. PMID- 7359844 TI - [Device for the automatic measurement of arterial pressure]. PMID- 7359845 TI - [Diagnosis of alkaline postoperative reflux gastritis]. PMID- 7359846 TI - [Surgical treatment of stenosing reflux esophagitis]. PMID- 7359847 TI - [Surgical treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. PMID- 7359848 TI - [Gastrin level in the blood in peptic ulcers after gastric resection]. PMID- 7359849 TI - [Characteristics of the course and surgical treatment of ulcers of the cardial portion of the stomach in elderly persons]. PMID- 7359850 TI - [Functional results of gastric resection with creation of a pyloric canal]. PMID- 7359851 TI - [Effect of the nerve plexus of the right gastroepiploic artery on gastric secretion after selective proximal vagotomy]. PMID- 7359852 TI - [Injuries to the duodenum]. PMID- 7359853 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of benign tumors of the large intestine]. PMID- 7359854 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients operated on for nonspecific ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease]. PMID- 7359855 TI - [Proctological operations on diabetes mellitus patients]. PMID- 7359856 TI - [Diagnosis and the procedure in closed abdominal injury]. PMID- 7359857 TI - [Pathogenesis of experimental pancreonecrosis induced by vegetable oil]. PMID- 7359858 TI - [Surgical treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis using controlled drainage]. PMID- 7359859 TI - [Plastic mucosal repair of peptic ulcer as an obligatory method of operative intervention in gastric hemorrhage]. PMID- 7359860 TI - [Gastric resection in situs inversus viscerum and dextroposition of the large intestine]. PMID- 7359861 TI - [Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]. PMID- 7359862 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical correction of functional disorders of the esophagogastric junction in pyloroduodenal stenosis]. PMID- 7359863 TI - [Small intestine volvulus complicated by acute chylous ascites in a pregnant women]. PMID- 7359864 TI - [Complication of pyonephrosis]. PMID- 7359865 TI - [Effect of flights of varying duration on the blood protein makeup of cosmonauts]. AB - After space flights of varying duration different adaptive changes in the protein composition of cosmonaut's blood were detected. A short-term 2-day flight induced a decline of gamma-globulin (immunoglobulins G and A) and beta 2-glycoprotein fractions. Longer-term 16- and 18-day flights caused an increase in albumin and most globulin fractions. A long-duration 49-day flight brought about an increase in the content of C3c- and C4-factors of the complement and immunoglobulins G, A and M. Return of the blood protein composition to the normal after prolonged space flights takes a long period of time. PMID- 7359866 TI - [Effect of unusual regimens of daily activity and sleep deprivation on the human functional state and work capacity]. AB - Physiological functions, work capacity and sleep characteristics of six healthy test subjects were studied for 30 days. The test subjects adhered to one of the three different regimens (1--sleep from 2.00 a.m. to 10.00 a.m., 2--sleep from 6.00 p.m. to 2.00 a.m., and 3--sleep from 10.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m.) which were aggravated by 64 hr or 72 hr vigilance during the experiment. The studies demonstrated general and specific changes in physiological functions, work capacity and sleep closely associated with the fact how far work-rest cycles were shifted and how long they were applied. Prolonged vigilance caused similar changes in physiological functions, work capacity and sleep. The test subjects showed very poor tolerance to an alteration in the work-rest cycle combined with sleep deprivation. PMID- 7359867 TI - [Effect of a prolonged stay in space on the reaction of the adrenal cortical and medullary layers]. AB - Concentrations of corticosteron and catecholamines, and activities of catecholamine synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-beta hydroxylase and phenyl ethanol amine-N-methyl-transferase, were measured in the adrenals of rats flown for 19.5 days aboard the biosatellite Cosmos-782, synchronous and vivarium control animals sacrificed on R + 0 and R + 26 days. The flown rats showed a moderate but significant increase in the adrenal weight, corticosteron concentration and tyrosine hydroxylase activity on R+0 day. These parameters returned to the normal on R+26 day. This data gives evidence that the adrenocortical and sympathoadrenal systems were not significantly stimulated by the space flight effects; therefore, weightlessness cannot be considered as a potent stressful agent, although its some stressogenic effect has been documented. PMID- 7359868 TI - [Cardiovascular system reaction to periodic head-to-tail G-force effects on a short-radius centrifuge]. AB - As a result of 370 experiments in a 2 m-arm centrifuge, high human tolerance to acceleration of +0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 Gz (at the level of feet) was demonstrated. Cardiovascular reactions depended on the value, duration and frequency of acceleration exposures. Cardiovascular responses included, primarily, changes in regional circulation of the legs. PMID- 7359869 TI - [Human blood system reaction to chronic exposure to low carbon monoxide doses in an enclosed space]. PMID- 7359870 TI - [Effect of hyperoxia on the oxygen-transport properties of the blood]. AB - In 9 normal test subjects, aged 19-32, pO2, pCO2 and pH of arterial and venous blood were measured. The curve of oxyhemoglobin dissociation during 20 min inhalation of a 95% O2 containing mixture was analyzed. The studies demonstrate that during hyperoxia there is a shift to the left of the dissociation curve in native blood and standard curve (i.e. normalized to pH 7.4). This shift of the curve of oxyhemoglobin dissociation indicating an increase in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen seems to be one of the factors responsible for an increase in the pO2 arteriovenous difference and a much lower increment of venous pO2 than that of arterial pO2. PMID- 7359871 TI - [Human external respiratory function and blood acid-base balance during prolonged antiorthostatic hypokinesia and during the recovery period]. AB - The study of external respiration and acid-base equilibrium of blood of 35 test subjects exposed to 49-day head-down (-4 degrees) tilting and of 6 test subjects exposed to 182-day head-down (-4 degrees) tilting demonstrated a trend for a decrease in the respiration rate, lung ventilation, oxygen consumption, and a relative increase in the exhalation time. With respect to the arterialized blood gases, a significant decrease in PaO2, an increase in PaCO2 and in the O2 alveolar-arterial difference were seen during the 49-day head-down tilting. During the 182-day head-down tilting a further increase in the CO2 arterio alveolar difference was noted. These changes suggest shifts of the ventilation perfusion ration in the lungs and, probably, disturbances of central regulation of respiration induced by head-down tilting. During the recovery period the above changes diminished gradually and disappeared by the 14th and 30th day after the 49- and 182-day head-down tilting, respectively. PMID- 7359872 TI - [Characteristics of the course of pyrogenal fever in animals after prolonged hypokinesia]. AB - The experiments on rabbits with pyrogenal fever and amidopyrine injection have demonstrated that their 15- and 30-day exposure to hypokinesia produces changes in the reactivity of thermoregulating centers, their overexcitation and depletion. These changes are more distinct after 15-day hypokinesia. PMID- 7359873 TI - [Express method of laboratory study of the outgassing of thermostable plastics and rubbers]. AB - Time-temperature dependence of concentrations of outgasing products of polymers and rubbers was studied. Applying the principle of time-temperature equilibrium, the exposure time for a laboratory rapid study of polymers at 100 degrees C was estimated to be 1 hr for enamels, lacquers and dyes, 1.5 hr for block and sheet polymers, 2.5 hr for sealants and rubbers, and 4 hr for textile materials, measured from the time when the preassigned temperature was achieved. The rapid method can be recommended for preliminary chemical study of polymers at the stage of their laboratory testing. PMID- 7359874 TI - [Action of protons with 25 and 50 MeV energies on the chromosomes of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro]. AB - The frequency and type of chromosomal abberations in human lymphocytes induced by 25, 50, 645 MeV protons and 200 kv x-rays were studied. It was shown that the yield of one-hit acentric fragments increased linearly and that of double-break aberrations increased exponentially with the irradiation dose. It was demonstrated that under the influence of radiations with high linear energy transfer the number of paired fragments increased and that of dicentrics and rings decreased. The test of total yield of chromosomal aberrations and their specific types helped to derive coefficients of relative biological effectiveness of the above irradiations. There was a quantitative correlation between the dose and yield of individual aberration types. This suggests that lymphocytes can be used as a biological dosimeter for dose measurement. PMID- 7359875 TI - [Evaluation and prognosis of the mental work capacity of flight personnel with neuroses]. AB - Features of psychic functions and mental performance of flight personnel suffering from various neuroses were examined by clinical and psychological methods. The most severe and persistent changes in mental performance were found in neurasthenics. Higher mental productivity was detected in 80% of subjects with other neuroses (neurotic states and reactions, asthenic state, emotional vegetative instability) (P less than 0.001). These findings can be regarded as important diagnostic and prognostic criteria in expertise and performance evaluations. PMID- 7359876 TI - [Stress reaction dynamics in rats under experimental hypokinesia of varying duration and the potentials for its correction]. PMID- 7359877 TI - [Effect of short-term antiorthostatic hypokinesia on the immunoglobulin content in the blood]. PMID- 7359878 TI - [Plasma and tissue lipids in rats after a long space flight]. PMID- 7359879 TI - [Effect of hypoxic-hypercapnic loads on lactic and pyruvic acid levels in the blood and cardiac tissue of rats]. PMID- 7359881 TI - [Action of a constant magnetic field on the rat erythron]. PMID- 7359880 TI - [Experiment to study the radioprotective effect of high-strength magnetic fields in mammalian cell cultures]. PMID- 7359882 TI - The Icr:Ha(ICR) mouse: a current account of breeding, mutations, diseases and mortality. AB - This stock of albino mice is minimally inbred (0.5% per generation), and has been rigidly selected for fecundity. It is widely employed in oncological and pharmaceutical research. Spontaneous tumours arose in 55% of animals, multiple in 28%, averaging 1.66 per mouse. Females developed tumours at an earlier age than males. Predominant tumour types were pulmonary (23.1%), lymphoreticular (20%), and mammary (14%--23% of females). Miscellaneous tumour types (42.9%) ranged in frequency from 0.2 to 2.0%, the latter being hepatomas. Distribution of mammary tumours indicated that milk-borne mammary tumour virus was absent. Non-neoplastic disease was present in 58.6%, 24.1% being pulmonary and predominant in the young, while renal (31.2%) and cardiovascular (10.2%) disease was common in the elderly. Males outlived females. PMID- 7359884 TI - Nasal mites in a colony of Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). PMID- 7359883 TI - The response of the caecotrophy rhythm of the rabbit to single light signals. AB - The direction of temporary phase shifts depends on the timing of the light signal in the dark period (1800-0600). Delays predominated following signals between 2100 and 2400, while advances tended, even more uniformly, to follow signals given between 0100 and 0400. In one animal the caecotrophy rhythm split into 2 components after a light signal at 0400, while in another it was so disturbed that the signal was followed by a coprostasis of 10 days. The phase responses to light stimuli of the rabbit caecotrophy rhythm correspond well with those obtained in nocturnal rodents. PMID- 7359885 TI - Spontaneous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary in Dunkin-Hartley guineapigs. PMID- 7359886 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid glucose and protein values in normal rabbits. AB - In 35 normal rabbits the cerebrospinal fluid glucose values ranged between 56 and 135 mg/dl, mean and standard deviation 78 +/- 13 mg/dl. Cerebrospinal total protein values ranged from 16 to 66 mg/dl, mean values were similar to those reported for human cerebrospinal fluid. Depression of the cerebrospinal glucose level in the rabbit may parallel the human situation and prove to be a useful marker of purulent inflammation. PMID- 7359887 TI - Rapid removal of peracetic acid fumes from isolators. PMID- 7359888 TI - Robenidine treatment of rabbits naturally infected with coccidia. AB - New Zealand White rabbits naturally infected with Eimeria intestinalis, E. magna, E. media and E. perforans and fed 100 parts/10(6) robenidine in their diet for 70 days ceased to excrete oocysts in their faeces after 19 days of treatment. PMID- 7359889 TI - The breeding performance of the Pirbright Dunkin-Hartley guineapig after discontinuing the feeding of green food as a supplement, with particular reference to productivity. AB - Since discontinuing feeding green food as a supplement and feeding autoclaved meadow hay and extruded diet containing vitamin C, the productivity of the guineapig colony has been maintained, with a reduction in deaths and discards after weaning. PMID- 7359890 TI - Simple technique for bleeding ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). AB - 3-5 ml of blood can be obtained routinely from the tail of a conscious ferret without affecting the wellbeing of the animal. The development of this technique makes the ferret more readily available as an alternative species for multidose toxicity studies. PMID- 7359891 TI - Early ultrastructural changes in papain-induced experimental emphysema. AB - These studies show that very soon after exposure of canine lungs to crude papain mixed with a marker (India ink), the alveolar surface-active lining was both morphologically and functionally altered, and alveolar macrophages were destroyed in significant numbers. These changes occurred before other identifiable major alterations. The morphologic changes were characterized by replacement of the normal alveolar surface lining by an amorphous material adhering to the alveolar surfaces and penetrating the pores of Kohn, which were significantly enlarged. Type II epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages were increased in number, with a significant proportion of the latter observed to be disintegrating. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were also noted in increased numbers, but this was also observed in control lungs (instilled only with saline plus India ink). Functionally the alveolar surface lining as studied in lung extracts showed an abnormal stability index after either in vivo or in vitro exposure to crude papain. These findings suggest that the early effects of this exogenous protease on the lung are interrelated, alveolar surface lining injury appearing to set the stage for accelerated macrophage lysis, with the probable release of phagocytosed exogenous protease as well as intracellular endogenous proteases. These events may represent early steps in the pathogenesis of experimental papain-induced pulmonary emphysema. PMID- 7359892 TI - Role of the osteoclast in prostaglandin E2-stimulated bone resorption: a correlative morphometric and biochemical analysis. PMID- 7359893 TI - Detachment of endothelium and epithelium from the glomerular basement membrane produced by kidney perfusion with neuraminidase. PMID- 7359894 TI - A flexible signal-averaging system for cardiac waveforms. AB - The repetitive nature of cardiac waveforms renders them suitable for processing by signal averaging. A flexible system is described, based on a general-purpose digital computer, capable of averaging a variety of cardiac signals in excess of 0.5 microV containing frequency components below a theoretical Nyquist limit of 5 kHz. Important features of the system include real-time processing capability at a high level of interactive control, and the facility to trigger the averaging process accurately from any part of either the data or a synchronous reference waveform. Application of the system to electrocardiographic and phonocardiographic signals at conventional gain has enabled clinically useful records to be obtained in the face of obtrusive environmental noise. The averaging of signals of a similar nature after considerably increased amplification has revealed cardiac activity unseen in conventional records in a total of 81 subjects. PMID- 7359896 TI - Measurement of the ohmic electrode-tissue contact resistance and the voltage applied to myocardium. AB - The electrical impedance of a pulse generator-electrode-heart system is a complex one. By analysis of an equivalent circuit developed for the above, a model was derived to describe the output voltage applied to an implanted electrode. On the basis of the dynamic behavior of the equivalent circuit when a pacing pulse was applied, a method for measuring true ohmic electrode-tissue contact resistance was developed, and a device was constructed to provide an instant digital readout of its value. The value of that risestance varied from 179 to 521 omega in 13 patients. When a variable resistance R, was connected in series with an implanted electrode, and a threshold voltage for every value of R was determined the actual voltage applied to the myocardium was computed for 16 patients. PMID- 7359895 TI - Systems analysis of renal response to increasing levels of acute forced hyperventilation in dogs. PMID- 7359897 TI - An assessment of the potential use of anionic dextrans as a plasma substitute. AB - Several problems exist when dextrans are used as plasma substitutes. High molecular weight dextrans can cause red cell aggregation and increased blood viscosity. Low molecular weight dextrans, although shown to improve circulation and promote flow, are removed rather rapidly from the circulation due to high premeation rates across capillary walls. In the present study, a small anionic charge is introduced onto the dextran to make it electrostatically negative. Since capillary walls have been shown to retain negatively charged solutes in preference to neutral solutes, the anionic dextran should retain its effectiveness for longer periods of time compared to similar sized neutral dextran. Studies were done on eight unanaesthetized dogs to compare the relative disappearance rates of dextran and anionic dextran (carboxymethyl dextran) from the circulation. It was shown that anionic dextrans do remain in the circulation over a longer period of time compared to neutral dextrans. PMID- 7359898 TI - A microprocessor controlled system for evaluating treatments for disabilities affecting the lower limbs. AB - A system, now fully operational, for measuring and recording the temporal/distance factors of normal and pathological human gait has been described. The advantages of the system include the following: 1. it is easy to operate. 2. the results are presented in a clinically digestible form. 3. no constraints are placed on the patient. 4. it is portable. 5. results are produced immediately. These factors combine to produce a system that may assist in the evaluation of many treatment methods currently employed for locomotor disorders. PMID- 7359899 TI - Micromechanical bonding at a porous surface structured implant interface-the effect on implant stressing. AB - An experimental determination of the strains acting on femoral components of hip implants embedded in bone cement was made for the case of (a) porous surface coated and (b) conventional uncoated implants. The result indicated much lower tensile strains and stresses on the lateral surface of the porous coated implants. This was explained by micromechanical implant-cement bonding for the porous coated implant and a more effective transfer of stress from the implant to the cement for this design. The study suggests greater confidence against implant fatigue failure for the porous coated stems because of the lower strains and stresses acting on the implant. PMID- 7359900 TI - Dependence of stem stress in total hip replacement on prosthesis and cement stiffness. AB - Two dimensional finite element analyses were used to determine the direct tensile stress distributions along the lateral edge of the stem of the femoral component of a total hip replacement. The efficacy of using two-dimensional analysis for three-dimensional composite structures was assessed, and the two-dimensional model was found to be suitable for parametic studies. Various combinations of stem and cement stiffnesses were investigated. In particular the influence of stem taper, cement stiffness, prosthesis stiffness and the effect of a plateau on the prosthesis stresses, were examined and compared. The most significant factor was found to be the modulus of elasticity of the stem material. The tensile stresses decrease with decreasing modulus. Cement stiffness and stem shape appeared to have far less effect on stem stress. PMID- 7359901 TI - Use of a microprocessor to simulate precise electrocardiograms. PMID- 7359902 TI - A film badge dosimeter for UVA radiation. AB - An inexpensive film badge technique, using a commercially available plastic film, and requiring minimal processing to determine UVA exposure is described. It has been found useful in determining the body dose distribution in apparatus used for the photochemotherapy of psoriasis. PMID- 7359903 TI - Comparative frequency analysis of single EEG-evoked potential records. AB - The aim of this study is to expand our previous results on the important relation between the spontaneous EEG and EPs (Basar et al. 1976 a,b). These previous results were obtained from single recordings of combined EEG-EP epochs by comparing the rms-magnitude of the spontaneous EEG prior to stimulus with the maximal amplitude of the response. Both were pass-band-filtered by means of the response adaptive filter, determined according to the band limits of the studied selectivity channel. In this earlier analysis, although the relation between the amplitudes of EEG and EP components in various frequency channels could be determined in the time domain, no exact statement could be made (1) on possible relations between the frequency distributions of spontaneous and evoked activities of a given brain centre, nor (2) on the phase relationships between the electrical activities of various brain structures. These gaps are filled in our present report with the further analysis of the EEG-EPograms simultaneously recorded from 5 different brain structures. PMID- 7359904 TI - Critical splenic mass for survival from experimental pneumococcemia. PMID- 7359905 TI - Pulmonary infection in splenectomized mice: protection by splenic remnant. PMID- 7359906 TI - Platelet kinetics during deep hypothermia. PMID- 7359907 TI - Seeding endothelium on canine arterial prostheses--the size of the inoculum. PMID- 7359908 TI - Fasting and postprandial serum gastrin in neonatal swine, and changes following antrectomy. PMID- 7359909 TI - Effect of excess iodine on thyroid and liver lysosomal enzymes. PMID- 7359910 TI - Improved in situ rat liver perfusion technique. PMID- 7359911 TI - The effect of small bowel bypass and subsequent resection on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin. PMID- 7359912 TI - Long-term studies of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity in hypoxemic dogs with a right-to left cardiac shunt. PMID- 7359913 TI - Significance of acetoacetate/beta-hydroxybutyrate ratio in arterial blood as an indicator of the severity of hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 7359914 TI - A simple hygrometer for the measurement of evaporative loss from rodent skin. PMID- 7359915 TI - Modified freeze clamp technique for tissue assay. PMID- 7359916 TI - A method for temporary reconstitution of the cervical esophagus. AB - A simple method of temporary reconstitution of the cervical esophagus in major head and neck surgery is detailed in a case report. Accompanying diagrams illustrate the mechanics of inserting a number 26 nasopharyngeal airway from the hypopharynx to the esophagus. This arrangement simplifies the management of oral secretions until permanent reconstruction of the cervical esophagus can be accomplished. PMID- 7359917 TI - An investigation of the cause of death from cancer. AB - Four thousand seven hundred twenty-eight autopsies performed at the Roswell Park Memorial Institute were reviewed to determine causes of death from cancer. The duration of the disease from the date of diagnosis to death, the primary site of the tumor, a detailed description of the presence or absence of metastatic tumor at a series of sites, and an estimate of the total tumor mass were included in the evaluation. Twenty-three common primary sites were selected for investigation. These sites represented 99% of the total series. Nine causes of death were described. These were respiratory failure, infection, toxic drug reaction, hepatic failure, renal failure, shock or heart failure, adrenal gland failure, electrolyte imbalance, and central nervous system failure. Some of these associations were obviuosly due to the direct destruction of the organ in question. There are some differences, however, comparing lung lesions to hepatic lesions. These and other factors are recited in the text. PMID- 7359918 TI - Metastases to eyelids: breast. AB - Edema and erythema of the right eyelid were the first clinical symptoms of widely metastatic carcinoma in a 61-year-old female. At the time of biopsy of the eyelid there were no other clinical manifestations of the disease. The case history points out a rare manifestation and emphasizes the many faces of breast cancer. PMID- 7359919 TI - Sarcoma of the stomach: clinicopathologic study of 43 cases. AB - The records of 43 patients with histologically proved primary gastric sarcoma treated at M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute between 1945 and 1975 were reviewed. Weight loss, abdominal pain, and hematemesis or melena were the most common symptoms, and palpable epigastric mass was the most common physical sign. Ninety-five percent of the gastric tumors were leiomyosarcomas. The median survival time and the five-year survival for the 29 patients who had curative gastrectomy were 33 months and 38%, respectively. Morphologic and histologic factors that adversely influenced the length of disease-free interval and survival following curative surgery included 1) primary tumor 8 cm or greater in diameter, 2) tumor extension to serosa of the stomach, and 3) low grade of differentiation of the primary tumor. Seventy-seven percent of recurrences in patients with curative tumor resection occurred within two years of resection of the primary. Of the 17 patients with advanced disease who received chemotherapy, two (15%) had objective tumor regression of greater a median survival time of eight months for patients who failed to respond. New approaches that may improve the results of treatment of gastric sarcoma are discussed. PMID- 7359920 TI - Skin sensitization with the new reagents NOPYE (4-nitro-1-cyclohexyl-3-ethoxy-2 oxo-3-pyrroline) and NOPY-L-phenylalanine. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the compound 4-nitro-1-cyclohexyl-3 ethoxy-2-oxo-3-pyrroline (NOPYE) and some related compounds for skin sensitization in guinea pigs, as the first step in a search for more effective skin sensitizers for immunotherapy of cutaneous tumors. In guinea pigs, NOPYE and NOPYE-L-alanine produce far milder delayed hypersensitivity reactions than DNCB. Both NOPYE and DNCB fail to act as adjuvants for skin sensitization to tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) and ovalbumin (OV). This suggests an explanation for the lack of effectiveness of DNCB in immunotherapy of metastases: DNCB may be relatively ineffective as an adjuvant for production of specific antitumor immunity. Such adjuvant activity may be essential if the action of the immunotherapeutic reagent is not to be confined to its site of application but is to be effective at the site of distant metastases. PMID- 7359921 TI - Stabilization of normal variability in phytohemagglutinin-induced blastogenesis for improved quantitative applications. AB - Phytohemagglutinin-induced blastogenesis is used clinically as an estimate of immune competence but quantitative application is problematic since there is considerable variability. We sought to define for five normal subjects the degree of variability in repetitive testing using a constant culture methodology. A six day growth response was determined as was the dose response to seven concentrations of PHA. Growth time to peak 3H-thymidine (3HTdR) incorporation was not constant and that PHA dose stimulating maximum 3HTdR incorporation varied by 2--16 fold for the retesting of subjects. A pooled dose response was not stablizing. There were statistical differences among subjects for PHA dose optimum (P less than 0.01), maximum evoked 3HTdR incorporation (P less than 0.05) and with varied plasma lots (P less than 0.001). However, for each individual subject, a stable maximum 3HTdR incorpoartion could be repetitively evoked by culturing in a constant plasma lot, stimulating by a broad range a PHA doses and by harvesting daily to assure peak growth. PMID- 7359922 TI - Serial CEA levels in colorectal carcinoma on adjuvant immuno(chemo)therapy- further follow-up. Modulation of adjuvant treatment. AB - Serial plasma CEA levels have been studied preoperatively (testing A); one day after surgery (B); 10--15 days after surgery (C); 4 (D), 8 (E), 12 (F), 16--18 (G), and 22--24 (H) months after surgery in a series of 45 patients affected by colorectal carcinoma who started soon after surgery a protocol of adjuvant immuno(chemo)therapy with Levamisole and BCG. Postoperative follow-up was from one to 26 months, with 28 patients followed for at least one year. Fourteen patients had recurrences: two of these had false-negative CEA tests, three had persistent high CEA levels after surgery, nine had increasing levels 9--12 months before clinical recurrence; and nine of these 14 patients showed frankly pathologic preoperative plasma CEA levels. Six patients who did not have a recurrence but (both at clinical and instrumental evaluation) who had two consecutive high plasma CEA levels, were put on prophylactic polichemotherapy. The prognostic importance of CEA levels both pre- and postoperatively, the possibility of "modulating" postoperative adjuvant treatments on the basis of CEA levels, and the problem of unexplained fluctuations of plasma CEA levels with the putative metabolic linkages are discussed. PMID- 7359923 TI - Association between estrogen receptors and weight in women with breast cancer. AB - A significant association between body weight and estrogen receptor protein (ERP) was noted in 83 women with primary and metastatic breast cancer. Thirteen of 34 (54%) women with weight greater than 150 lb had low or absent receptor protein (less than 10 femtomoles/mg of cytoplasmic protein) compared to 15 of 59 (25%) women with weight less than 150 lb (P less than 0.025). The observed association was stronger in the group of 62 postmenopausal women (P less than 0.01). The findings suggest that the endocrine and metabolic milieu in women with increased weight favors autonomous growth of breast cancer, and adjuvant treatment in this group should be planned accordingly. PMID- 7359925 TI - Rehabilitation of patients after repeated operations for cancer of colon and rectum. AB - The authors investigated social and occupational rehabilitation of patients treated at N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology for cancer recurrences in colon and rectum (96 cases), for metachronic neoplasms (40 cases), and also for patients accepted for coloplasty after Hartmann operation (11 cases). The term of hospitalization in cancer recurrences was 15.9 +/- 2.5 months; in metachronic tumors, 77.1 +/- 9.9 months; and for the patients accepted for coloplasty, from 6 to 12 months. The period of patients' survival after radical operations in cases of metachronic tumors is twice as long as in recurrences and approaches, on the average, five years. The patients operated upon for their metachronic tumors are characterized by a high degree of social and occupational readaptation (about 80%) in comparison with patients with tumor recurrences (30%). All the patients who had undergone coloplasty were subsequently completely readapted from a social point of view, which was due to the elimination of a fecal fistula. PMID- 7359924 TI - Cytological and cytogenetical analysis of thoracic duct lymph in patients with pulmonary carcinomas. AB - Seven patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and nodular metastases underwent Daniels' biopsy and cannulation of the thoracic duct. Lymph specimens obtained by aspiration the day after catheter insertion were examined by cytologic and cytogenetical techniques, including chromosome banding methods. In five of the seven cases maligant cells could be detected by karyotype analysis, whereas standard cytologic examinations yielded no positive diagnoses. This indicates that chromosome analysis is applicable as a diagnostic tool in lymph fluid. PMID- 7359926 TI - Surgical treatment of post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal defects. AB - Ventricular septal defect (VSD) following myocardial infarction has long been recognized as a lethal complication of severe coronary artery disease. Between 1969 and 1978, 13 patients underwent operative repair of post-myocardial infarction VSDs associated with large left-to-right shunts and markedly impaired left ventricular performance. Emergency cardiac catheterization in 12, coronary cineangiography in 11, and operative repair in 13 were performed 1 to 15 days after ventricular septal perforation. The surgical approach consisted of left ventricular aneurysmectomy or infarctectomy with VSD repair and with coronary revascularization when indicated. Survival could not be predicted on the basis of preoperative hemodynamics, extent of coronary artery disease, age, time from the appearance of the VSD or myocardial infarction to definitive surgical therapy, or preoperative functional class. There were six survivors, all of whom had anterior septal defects. All but one of the nonsurvivors had posterior VSDs. The one patient who died with anterior VSD had the highest left-to-right shunt--2.6 L/min/m2. Emergency operative repair of acute post-myocardial infarction VSD is warranted in this high-risk group of patients who otherwise have little chance of survival. PMID- 7359927 TI - Thoracic aortic aneurysm: natural history and treatment. PMID- 7359928 TI - Metastatic malignancies from distant sites to the tracheobronchial tree. PMID- 7359929 TI - Noninvasive evaluation of late left ventricular function after aortic valve replacement. PMID- 7359930 TI - Improved tissue perfusion (PO2 histograms) in extracorporeal circulation using membrane instead of bubble oxygenators. PMID- 7359932 TI - Bronchial carcinoid tumors: twenty years' experience. AB - We reviewed 69 patients with documented carcinoid tumors, 67 of whom had resectable disease. Operations included nine pneumonectomies, 31 lobectomies, 12 bilobectomies, five segmental resections, and 10 sleeve resections. Follow-up on 65 patients reveals 40 surviving beyond 5 years and 13 beyond 20 years since resection. There were no operative deaths and only one recurrence (local) that was subsequently successfully resected. Twenty patients had had recurrent unifocal pneumonitis or hemoptysis for up to 5 years prior to diagnosis. Two patients had the carcinoid syndrome. Biopsy was performed on 23 tumors and resulted in "moderate-to-severe" hemorrhage in six cases. Lymphatic spread was present in seven cases. All seven are alive and free of disease, six of whom have been followed from 5 to 24 years. Diseased resection margins were present in two cases, with both surviving 20 years after resection. All 10 sleeve resections were performed more than 5 years ago. We conclude that carcinoid tumors carry a favorable prognosis upon resection, even when intrathoracic lymphatic metastases are present and are resected. Lung-sparing resections including sleeve resections should be utilized. Recurrent pneumonia or hemoptysis or both requires diligent investigation. Biopsy of the tumors may be performed with care. PMID- 7359931 TI - Surgical management of chronic pulmonary embolism: surgical treatment and late results. PMID- 7359933 TI - The surgical approach to the septal area of the heart based on experiences with 45 patients with Kent bundles. AB - Experience gained from interruption of 45 anterior and posterior septal Kent bundles has permitted the formulation of a safe surgical approach to the anterior and posterior divisions of the septal area. To clarify the surgical anatomy of this difficult region, the posterior space has been likened to a trihedral pyramid, toppled on its side, with the apex the right fibrous trigone, the right and left atria making two of its sides, and the muscular ventricular septum and the left ventricle or third side, the floor. The pyramidal space contains fat, the atrioventricular (AV) nodal artery, and coronary sinus. The anterior division extends from the right fibrous trigone anteriorly to the free wall. The right atrium is connected to the anulus fibrosus, which rests upon the muscular septum and infundibulum. The AV node and His bundle are protected from dissections in both divisions by the atrial septum and right fibrous trigone. The cases of 31 patients with posterior septal Kent bundles in whom interruption was attempted resulted in division in 20, forced His division in four, and failure in seven. Elective His interruption was done in three. Success occurred in the last 10. Three failures at interruption occurred in 14 anterior septal Kent bundles. PMID- 7359934 TI - Follow-up experience with permanent endocardial tined pacemaker electrodes. AB - At the Mayo Clinic, 100 patients received permanent endocardial tined leads during an 8 month period from June, 1978, to January, 1979. Acute mean bipolar stimulation thresholds of 0.47 +/- 0.17 V and 0.85 +/- 0.36 mA utilizing this lead are significantly lower than with our previously used systems. During implantation, significant ventricular irritability with short bursts of ventricular tachycardia was seen in four patients. This did not require any treatment except for gentle manipulation of the catheter. One patient experienced acute perforation with tamponade. He subsequently underwent thoracotomy with placement of epicardial electrodes. During a mean follow-up of 20 +/- 9 weeks, three patients required additional pacemaker operations, one for recurrent ventricular ectopy and two for intermittent failure to pace and sense. In no instance was there roentgenographic evidence of catheter displacement, and the pacing system problems encountered were considered to be secondary to microdislodgement. In our experience, the use of this catheter has been associated with low stimulation thresholds and excellent lead stability. It may be particularly beneficial in patients at high risk for electrode dislodgement. PMID- 7359935 TI - Correlation of mitochondrial function and ischemic contracture. AB - Structural and functional changes in the mitochondrium have been described following timed cardiac ischemia. However, mitochondrial abnormalities associated with acute muscular dysfunction have not been well defined. In the present investigation, the isolated rat heart subjected to global ischemia was used to determine the relationship between the biochemical parameters of high-energy phosphate content and mitochondrial function and the physiological event of ischemic contracture. High-energy phosphate content and mitochondrial structure and function were determined under control conditions, at the initiation of ischemic contracture, at the completion of ischemic contracture, and 20 minutes after completion of contracture. Contracture initiation and completion were associated with the anticipated depletion of high-energy phosphate content. Also demonstrated were specific degrees of structural and functional deterioration of the mitochondria associated with specific degrees of contracture. In addition to its prior applications, this model seems well suited for investigation of the interdependence of high-energy phosphate levels, ischemic contracture, and mitochondrial function as affected by specific protective interventions designed to limit ischemic injury. PMID- 7359936 TI - Hemolysis during pulsatile perfusion: clinical evaluation of a new device. AB - The degree of hemolysis occurring during cardiopulmonary bypass was evaluated in two groups of patients undergoing pulsatile and nonpulsatile perfusion. Results indicate that, with a newly developed method of creating pulsatile flow, both groups of patients compared favorably and had approximately the same degree of hemolysis. Because of its simplicity, low cost, reliability, and limited hemolytic activity, this pulsatile device warrants further clinical evaluation. PMID- 7359937 TI - Primary cardiac tumors in children. AB - Case histories of five children with primary cardiac tumors are presented. The clinical and pathological features of the most frequent cardiac neoplasms in childhood are also reviewed. Cardiac tumors should be suspected in any child with unexplained heart murmurs, congestive heart failure, or cardiac arrhythmias. Echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and biplane cineangiograms provide diagnostic confirmation. Prompt surgical resection is indicated in all symptomatic patients and in those with significant inflow and outflow tumor related obstruction. Complete resection is not possible in many patients with cardiac rhabdomyoma or lipoma but removal of the obstructive portion of the tumor frequently provides long-term symptomatic relief. PMID- 7359938 TI - Wall thickness of ventricular chambers in transposition of the great arteries: surgical implications. AB - One hundred four specimens of complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) were studied. The free wall thickness of the left (LV-T) and right (RV-T) ventricular chambers and the left ventricular/right ventricular (LV/RV) thickness ratio for all hearts were analyzed. A control group of 63 normal hearts was also studied. Specimens of TGA were divided into four groups: (1) TGA with intact ventricular septum (TGA + IVS); (2) TGA with ventricular septal defect (TGA + VSD); (3) TGA with a large patent ductus arteriosus (TGA + PDA); (4) TGA with pulmonary stenosis (TGA + PS). In Group I, LV-T was under the 95% confidence limits for normality after 8 months of age, and in Group II, the same was true after 18 months of age. For all groups the RV-T was above the 95% confidence limits for normality from the first month of age. The LV/RV ratio was under 1 in every group. Group I showed a significant decrease in the LV/RV ratio after the neonatal period (p less than 0.005). The potential failure of the left ventricle after anatomic correction of TGA is explained by a multifactorial hypothesis. In view of the ventricular wall thickness findings, we do not recommend the anatomic correction after 8 months of age in Group I or after 18 months in Group II. PMID- 7359939 TI - Anomalous left coronary artery in the infant: recovery of ventricular function following early direct aortic implantation. AB - A successful direct aortic implantation of an anomalous left coronary artery (ALCA) in an infant is reported. Detailed evaluation of postoperative ventricular function, including repeat cardiac catheterization and serial echocardiography, demonstrated progressive enhancement of ventricular contractility and function. Postoperative angiography confirmed vascular patency. These data support the concept that the ALCA should be corrected by direct aortic implantation early in infancy rather than by expectant treatment or graft interposition. PMID- 7359941 TI - First clinical experience with a new all-pyrolytic carbon bileaflet heart valve prosthesis. PMID- 7359940 TI - Hemolytic anemia with porcine xenograft aortic and mitral valves. AB - Severe hemolytic anemia occurred in a 30-year-old man 12 months after insertion of 23 mm and 31 mm Hancock porcine xenografts in the aortic and mitral positions respectively. At catheterization the mean transvalvular aortic xenograft gradient was 63 mm Hg, and at operation the stents of the aortic xenograft were bent inward, causing a supravalvular secondary orifice obstruction. One year later the patient has only subclinical hemolysis consistent with Bjork-Shiley aortic and mitral prostheses. PMID- 7359942 TI - In support of Kent. PMID- 7359943 TI - Management of anomalous left pulmonary artery. PMID- 7359944 TI - Effect of flow oscillations on the stationary concentration front in a hollow cast of the airways. PMID- 7359946 TI - In vitro effects of parasympathetic agonists and atropine on human segmental pulmonary arteries. PMID- 7359945 TI - Glucocorticoid binding to normal and activated alveolar lung cells. PMID- 7359947 TI - A high-molecular-weight alveolar glycoprotein in human amniotic fluid. PMID- 7359949 TI - Action potentials in the sural nerve evoked by tactile stimuli. PMID- 7359948 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage in silicosis. Evidence of type II cell hyperplasia. PMID- 7359950 TI - Echophonocardiographic findings in patients with prosthetic heart valve malfunction. AB - This report represents a retrospective analysis of preoperative echophonocardiographic studies in 118 patients who had surgery for the repair or replacement of malfunctioning prosthetic valves. A variety of prostheses implanted in the mitral, aortic, and tricuspid positions were assessed. The most frequent prosthetic malfunctions were regurgitation, thrombosis, ball variance, and infective endocarditis. There were echophonocardiographic abnormalities in 71% of the cases. The retrospective diagnosis of prosthetic dysfunction varied according to the type of prosthesis, type of malfunction, and site of implantation of the valve. A high percentage of the prostheses did have echophonocardiographic abnormalities, and consideration of these, in conjunction with clinical data, may help the clinician in the evaluation of prosthetic heart valves. PMID- 7359951 TI - Correlation of histopathologic characteristics of primary tumor and uninvolved regional lymph nodes in Dukes' class C colonic carcinoma with prognosis. AB - Ninety-two patients with Dukes' class C colonic carcinoma, divided equally into those who survived 5 years or more and those surviving less than 5 years after resection for cure, underwent evaluation of multiple histopathologic characteristics of the primary tumor and the uninvolved regional lymph nodes. These characteristics were analyzed by the chi-square test for correlation with survival. A statistically significant correlation (P less than 0.05) in the group who survived 5 years or more was observed for Broders' grades 1 and 2, tumor not involving serosa, and a pushing tumor margin. Of the 14 patients who had a pushing tumor margin and tumor not involving serosa, 12 (86%) survived 5 years or more. Seven patients had an infiltrating tumor margin and peritumor venous invasion, and of this group, only one (14%) survived 5 years or more. Histopathologic characteristics of host immune reaction at the tumor or in the uninvolved regional lymph nodes did not correlate with survival. PMID- 7359952 TI - Cholecystectomy and gastric ulcer--an etiologic relationship? AB - To determine whether cholecystectomy might be a factor predisposing to gastric ulceration, we evaluated the frequency of prior cholecystectomy in the 181 residents of Rochester, Minnesota, who had gastric ulcer diagnosed at the Mayo Clinic during the 10-year-period from 1966 to 1975. This frequency was similar to that in a control population from the same city, matched for age, sex, and time of registration at the Mayo Clinic. This was also true for subgroups of benign gastric ulcer. However, the frequency of prior cholecystectomy was higher in patients with type 1 ulcer than in those with type 2 or 3 ulcer, probably as a result of the relative predominance of older women in the type 1 ulcer group. These data do not support the hypothesis that cholecystectomy may be harmful in predisposing to gastric ulceration. PMID- 7359953 TI - Diuretics: role of sodium balance. AB - Diuretics are commonly prescribed for a wide variety of clinical problems, including hypertension, extracellular volume excess, and disorders of calcium metabolism. Although natriuresis with altered sodium balance is not always the therapeutic goal, this feature of the diuretics is essential for optimal results, irrespective of the clinical problem. PMID- 7359954 TI - Day-to-day variability and analytic error in determinations of lipids in children. AB - In a pilot study, short-term (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday of the same week) variability of cholesterol and triglycerides in serum and in very low-density, low-density, and high-density lipoproteins were studied in 10 children aged 6 to 16. All of the subjects had normal levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. Analytic error was determined by blinded triplicate analyses of a fourth specimen from five of the same subjects. In the triglycerides, except for the smallest fraction (high-density), the differences from day to day in the same child were larger than the differences between children. The results indicate that single determinations of whole serum triglyceride carry limited significance since, within the week, the level may well change by a factor of two. PMID- 7359955 TI - Extra-adrenal intrathoracic functioning paraganglioma (pheochromocytoma) in childhood. AB - Extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas are more common in children (30%) than in adults (10%). Of the extra-adrenal sites, the intrathoracic site is the most rare. A 15 year-old boy had a pheochromocytoma successfully removed from the left paraspinal region of his chest. Four years before removal, he had radiation therapy of 3,500 rads to the tumor because of its apparent nonresectability. After therapy, there was transient clinical and biochemical improvement. Preoperative angiography and computed tomography helped define the anatomy of the tumor vessels and the relationship to the thoracic aorta of the tumor. These studies also aided in discounting any other site for the pheochromocytoma, either adrenal or extramedullary. A slow-growing pulmonary metastatic lesion was subsequently identified and successfully excised. PMID- 7359956 TI - Bladder involvement in hereditary angioedema. AB - We report on a patient with bladder involvement in hereditary angioedema. The patient had documented hereditary angioedema with episodes involving the skin and gastrointestinal tract. He presented with gross hematuria at age 36 and had also had gross hematuria at ages 16 and 20. Cytoscopic examination revealed raised hemorrhagic lesions in the vesical walls. Biopsy specimens of the lesions showed normal mucosa with submucosal edema. The lesions resolved when the angioedema was better controlled. PMID- 7359957 TI - Noninvasive diagnosis of the cardiomyopathies. AB - The presenting clinical features of the cardiomyopathies are nonspecific. Echocardiography is useful in detecting patients with cardiomyopathy and determining proper management. Echocardiography can be used to determine both cardiac structural measurements and cardiac function. PMID- 7359958 TI - Radioactive tracers and the heart. AB - The most widely used tracer for the study of the heart muscle is thallium-201. The principal advantage of radioactive tracers in the study of the heart is that they tell us about regional as well as a overall function. In some cases a regional abnormality may be detected before the overall function of the heart is impaired. PMID- 7359959 TI - The surgical management of recalcitrant malignant external otitis. AB - Aggressive medical management and surgical debridement is curative in most cases of malignant external otitis. Recently, four patients with this condition were treated at the University of California, San Francisco, who did not respond to conventional therapy. In each case, appropriate intravenous antibiotics, diabetic management, and extensive excision of involved tissue failed to eradicate the infection. Progression of the disease was evidenced by any one of the following: 1. Persistence of granulation tissue in the external auditory canal, 2. Development of cranial neuropathies during treatment, 3. Other signs or symptoms of active infection for more than two weeks after institution of therapy. Any one of these criteria was considered an indication for more radical surgical intervention. In three patients, the operative procedure consisted of a subtotal temporal bone resection to gain access to the primary focus of infection and provide adequate drainage. The common finding in each case was an abscess cavity in the soft tissues at the base of the skull. A description of the clinical course and surgical management of malignant external otitis forms the basis of this communication. PMID- 7359960 TI - Keratosis obturans and external auditory canal cholesteatoma. AB - Keratosis obturans and external auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC) have previously been considered to represent the same disease process. However, review of the literature and our cases reveal these to be two different clinical and pathological processes. Keratosis obturans presents as hearing loss and usually acute, severe pain secondary to the accumulation of large plugs of desquamated keratin in the ear canal. External auditory canal cholesteatoma presents as otorrhea with a chronic, dull pain secondary to an invasion of squamous tissue into a localized area of periosteitis in the canal wall. The treatment previously recommended for both of these conditions has been conservative debridement of the external canal and application of topical medication. While this remains the treatment of choice for keratosis obturans, surgery may be required to eradicate EACC. PMID- 7359961 TI - Meniere's disease as a form of cranial polyganglionitis. AB - Although endolymphatic hydrops is generally considered to be the most prominent factor in the etiology and pathology of Meniere's disease, we have concluded that this condition more probably represents a polyganglionitis caused by the herpes simplex virus with secondary hydrops changes. The wide range of symptoms occurring in the Meniere's disease complex is illustrated in seven selected cases which support this conclusion. Vestibular nerve section can stabilize hearing and relieve episodic vertigo by removing the locus of viral infection and precluding recurrent activation. PMID- 7359962 TI - The use of an abdominal pedicle flap in reconstructing nasal tip avulsion. AB - Numerous flaps are available for reconstruction of the nose. However, most all of these utilize local or adjacent tissue which can result in moderate facial mutilation and scarring. The abdominal pedicle-radial artery-nose transfer flap has been previously described by Kilner and Chitrov. Both procedures somewhat compromise the final outcome and thus only portions of each were used in the design of this flap. The size of the flap was determined by doubling the width of the base of the nose and doubling the estimated length of the nose and tubing it. After staged transfer from abdomen to wrist to remaining nose, the distal end is defatted and cut into a three lobed flap for sculpturing the nasal tip and columella. PMID- 7359963 TI - Guest of honor's address. The change in otolaryngology--a senior's perspective. PMID- 7359964 TI - First branchial cleft anomalies. AB - Our experience with anomalies of the first branchial cleft is reviewed. This includes 38 cases, the largest series collected to date. A new classification is proposed based on the anatomic findings--whether cyst, sinus, or fistula is present. The embryology and pathology of first cleft anomalies are discussed and an approach to the diagnosis and management of these lesions is given. In addition, a patient with a branchial cleft defect involving the middle ear space is reported. PMID- 7359965 TI - Clinical status of evoked response audiometry. AB - In the past decade there has been a widespread renewal of interest in the clinical utilization of electroencephalic responses evoked by auditory stimulation. In particular, there has been considerable research conducted on the brain stem response, the frequency following response, and the middle latency response. An overview discussion of some of the latest findings from recent and ongoing investigations is presented. Discussion is centered initially on current ideas, findings, and controversies regarding the origins or site of generation of these responses. Clinical application of the responses is discussed from two perspectives, audiologic applications and neurologic applications. Essential parameters for evoking, recording and analyzing clinically these responses are summarized. Some of the problems resulting from a lack of standardized clinical testing protocols are also mentioned. Key findings from recent clinical studies of some investigators are cited. Also recent data concerning the developmental aspects of the responses on clinical testing are included. Finally, some directions for future research on these responses are discussed. One of the latest techniques for recording and analyzing the responses and its implications for site of lesion neurologic testing are described. PMID- 7359967 TI - Radiotherapy of early glottic cancer. AB - Patients (383) with stage Tis, Tla and Tlb NoMo glottic cancer are reviewed. Radiotherapy cured 93% of Tis patients and 86% of Tla and Tlb cases. Of all recurrences, 63% were cured. No patient with stage Tis died as a result of tumor and only 5% of stage Tla and Tlb died from tumor. Involvement of the anterior commissure or both vocal cords did not influence control rates by radiotherapy. Mobility of the vocal cord and size of radiotherapy field were significant factors influencing control by radiotherapy. Late recurrences and/or second primaries in the larynx following radiotherapy are rare. Second primaries in the respiratory tract (especially lung) are common and are as important a cause of death as laryngeal cancer in T1 cases. It is concluded that moderate dose radiotherapy with surgery for salvage is a highly effective method of management for early glottic cancer. PMID- 7359968 TI - Electromyographic biofeedback training with patients exhibiting a hyperfunctional voice disorder. AB - Baseline EMG measures of general laryngeal area muscle tension while speaking and during silence were taken from a group of 21 normal subjects and 7 subjects diagnosed through indirect laryngoscopy as having vocal nodules. In an attempt to reduce their baseline scores, the vocal nodule patients underwent 8 EMG biofeedback training sessions followed by a 2-week follow-up session. Sophisticated listeners then judged the qualities of the voices produced during the base-line and follow-up sessions. Measures of sound pressure levels for the speech samples were also taken to determine their effects on EMG scores. Results of the statistical analyses revealed that significant differences in general laryngeal area muscle tension while speaking and in silence exist between normal and pathological subjects; and that subjects with vocal nodules could significantly reduce these tension levels with EMG biofeedback training. A positive correlation was then found between the EMG measures and the judgments of voice qualities. No correlations were found between EMG measures and sound pressure levels. PMID- 7359966 TI - Upper esophageal sphincter: pre and post-laryngectomy--a normative study. AB - Correlation of anatomical, surgical, manometric, and radiographic observations leads to the conclusion that the normal high pressure zone of the pharyngoesophageal junction is composed of two parts: an annular muscular sphincter in the most proximal part of the upper esophagus and, above this, a complex pinchcock sphincter composed of the cricoid cartilage anteriorly and cricopharyngeus muscle laterally and posteriorly. The pinchcock part of the sphincter produces a high pressure zone in a predominantly anteroposterior direction. After laryngectomy, the sphincter becomes completely annular and behaves like a pure musculare constrictor; it is likely that both the cricopharyngeus and the upper esophageal circular muscles constitute the postlaryngectomy pharyngoesophageal high pressure zone. The relative contributions of the pinchcock segment (upper part) and annular constrictor segment (lower part) to the overall function of the upper esophageal sphincter have yet to be established in man. PMID- 7359969 TI - Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the parotid gland. AB - A case of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the parotid gland occurring in a 47-year-old male patient is reported. Clinical examination failed to reveal evidence of this neoplasm elsewhere in the body. Problems connected with the clinical, pathological and therapeutic aspects of the neoplasm with particular regard to the rare parotid location are taken into consideration. Furthermore, stress is laid on the fact that patients with extramedullary plasmacytoma should be thoroughly followed-up as multiple myeloma may occur even decades later in life. This is the fourth case of extramedullary plasmacytoma located in salivary glands to be reported in the world literature. PMID- 7359970 TI - Premedication for outpatient adenoidectomy: comparison between ketamine and pethidine. AB - A comparison of intramuscular ketamine and pethidine as premedicants was carried out in a series of 32 children under two years of age who were given thiopentone N2O-O2-succinyl choline anesthesia for elective outpatient adenoidectomy. Fourteen (87.5%) of the 16 children premedicated with ketamine (3 mg./kg.) were calm or asleep when brought into the operating room as compared to 4 (25.0%) of the 16 children (p less than 0.001) premedicated with pethidine (1 mg/kg.). Immediate recovery was similar in the groups premedicated with ketamine and pethidine. These two small groups of children did not differ significantly in their emotional state during recovery room observation, nor during the 48 postoperative hours at home, either. It is suggested that ketamine administered intramuscularly is a suitable agent for outpatient premedication of small children because of its rapid action, excellent sedative and analgesic properties and low incidence of side-effects. PMID- 7359971 TI - Multiple oncocytic papillary cystadenomas of the larynx: a case report. AB - A patient had multiple oncocytic cysts of the larynx and, concurrently, epidermoid carcinoma of the larynx. Total laryngectomy for the epidermoid carcinoma made it possible to carefully examine and histologically document the multifocal and oncocytic nature of the lesions. The authors interpret the findings to represent both hyperplastic and metaplastic processes. PMID- 7359972 TI - Cerebellar infarction--a presentation of vertigo. AB - The differential diagnosis of acute vertigo includes cerebellar infarction. In the past a mortality rate of 50% - 80% was reported with cerebellar infarction. This is no doubt related to an inability to accurately diagnose small lesions which carry a better prognosis. The advent of computerized tomography (CT) now permits accurate diagnosis of small cerebellar infarctions. Seven patients admitted with acute onset of vertigo which mimicked a peripheral labyrinthine disorder are presented. In all patients a cerebellar etiology was demonstrated by CT. One patient had been subjected to therapeutic labyrinthectomy; three of seven patients had associated unilateral hearing loss suggesting partial brain stem involvemtation. Computerized tomography should be included in the routine work-up of acute vertigo with any associated neurologic findings to aid in proper diagnosis and effect appropriate treatment. PMID- 7359973 TI - Traumatic pneumocephalus. PMID- 7359974 TI - "How I do it"--head and neck. A targeted problem and its solution. Chylous fistula prevention and management. AB - Prevention of chylous fistulae involves a careful search at the time of surgery for any possible chyle leaks. These should be ligated and the surgeon should be aware of the possible anatomical variations of both the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct when he is searching for the leak. Treatment of the postoperative chyle fistula consists of elimination of long chain triglycerides from the diet and use of a medium chain triglyceride diet (Portagen), or oral feedings may be discontinued and intravenous fluids used exclusively. The supraclavicular area is treated with aspiration and pressure dressing. If the above measures are unsuccessful then surgical re-exploration is necessary. PMID- 7359975 TI - The prognostic significance of metastatic cervical lymph nodes. AB - The ability to predict accurately the clinical course of a patient with a malignancy is critically important to the patient's subsequent management. It has been well documented that the presence of metastatic nodal disease is associated with decreased patient survival. Survival data from a group of 242 head and neck cancer patients from the University of Iowa were analyzed to determine the significance of specific characteristics of metastatic lymph nodes. Evaluation of absolute numbers and percentages of positive nodes or node size generally was not useful. However, involvement of the posterior triangle nodes, noncontiguous nodal sites, or multiple sites was associated with a worse prognosis. When that was accurate enough to be of help to the clinician in prognostication. The single most important feature seems to be documentation of the presence of metastatic nodal disease, rather than particular features (i.e., number, size) of the metastatic nodes. PMID- 7359976 TI - Partial laryngectomy after radiation failure. AB - Of patients given radiation therapy as primary treatment for limited carcinoma of the larynx, 15-32% will not be cured by this modality. The recurrent tumor and primary site can be encompassed with a partial laryngectomy in a certain number of these individuals. This report reviews the subject of partial laryngectomy after radiation failure and reports experience with 18 patients who had partial laryngectomies to control recurrent or persistent carcinoma after full dose radiation therapy. Four patients had biopsy cures. Local tumor control was achieved by partial laryngectomy in 10 of 14 patients. Three of 4 partial failures were salvaged with total laryngectomy. Major wound complications were noted in 4 patients. Prolonged healing was observed in most patients. Prognosis is probably as good with partial laryngectomy as with total laryngectomy. PMID- 7359977 TI - Vocal cord paralysis--1979: etiology and management. AB - Because of the development of reinnervation surgery, approximately 400 patients have been seen by the author with a referral diagnosis of vocal cord paralysis. Because these patients were being entered into a research protocol to evaluate the efficacy of reinnervation surgery, very careful evaluation and records have been kept. Retrospective analysis of these records has permitted an up-to-date evaluation of the epidemiology, natural history, symptoms, signs and presenting complaints, as well as the status of treatment of vocal cord paralysis at the present time. Since this subject has received only limited treatment in the recent literature, it was felt that such an opportunity to evaluate a large personal experience might be a worthwhile addition to current knowledge of the subject. PMID- 7359978 TI - Results of conservation surgery for cancers of the supraglottis and pyriform sinus. AB - A retrospective review of patients treated by surgery and/or radiation for carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx and the pyriform sinus was accomplished for the period 1964-1974. This patient population reflects the 10-year period following earlier experience with conservation surgery at this institution, and, thus, updates the current status of treatment for these cancers. Endpoints examined included survival, control, pattern of failure, the influence of nodal metastasis, and voice preservation. Of 160 patients treated for supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma, 119 received conservation surgery (subtotal supraglottic laryngectomy, SSL, or partial laryngopharyngectomy, PLP); 21 patients received total laryngectomy; and 20 others received palliative radiation. The 3-year actuarial survivals for these groups were 67%, 43% and 30%, respectively. Voice was preserved in 85% of the patients treated by conservation surgery, in 70% of those treated by radiation alone, and, of course, in none of the patients receiving total laryngectomy. There were 175 patients treated for carcinoma of the pyriform sinus; 85 received PLP; 57, total laryngopharyngectomy (TLP); and 33, palliative radiation. Acturial 3-year survival was 59% for the PLP-treated group, 36% for the TLP-treated group and 11% for the palliation group. Voice was preserved in 52% of the patients treated by conservation surgery, in 6% of those treated by radiation alone, and in none of those patients treated by total laryngectomy. Comparison of this data with that in other published reports indicates that, for selected patients, conservation surgery is as effective in controlling disease as is radical surgery. Furthermore, it is possible to preserve speaking ability in a significant number of patients having carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx or pyriform sinus. PMID- 7359979 TI - The acoustic reflex latency test: clinical application. AB - Acoustic reflex latency is the time interval between onset of an intense auditory stimulus and onset of middle-ear muscle contraction. The hypothesis was proposed that a retrocochlear lesion involving the afferent (VIIIth nerve) portion of the reflex arc should result in a prolongation of the reflex latency. A clinical procedure, the Acoustic Reflex Latency Test (ARLT), its protocol, methods and equipment were developed in order to test this hypothesis clinically. Absolute latency values and interaural latency differences (ILD) were established on 4 populations which included normals, cochlear lesions due to Meniere's disease, cochlear lesions of variable etiology, and 11 cases of surgically confirmed acoustic tumor. Results reveal a dramatic prolongation of latency in the presence of retrocochlear lesions (all tumors). The test was found to be most effective when 1. both ipsilateral and contralateral measurements were made, 2. stimulus frequencies of 100 Hz and 2000 Hz were employed and 3. both Absolute Latency and ILD were considered. The ARLT, while utilizing an indirect method of measurement, is a valid, cost-effective, and simple clinical procedure, yielding relative latency values and requiring only minor modifications of standard impedance equipment. The ARLT appears to have a higher efficiency rate than BERA, while providing comparable diagnostic information at a considerable saving of time, cost and personnel. PMID- 7359980 TI - Nasal and paranasal presentations of chordomas. AB - Eight patients with chordomas whose initial manifestations were caused by nasal and paranasal extension of the tumor are presented. Their ages ranged from 24 to 51 years. Disturbances of vision developed subsequently in all eight patients, and headache was present in each patient. Roentgenograms showed bony erosion of the sphenoid sinus or a nasopharyngeal mass. Because chordomas can be confused with chondrosarcomas histopathologically, differentiation is important. Treatment consists of surgical debulking or radiotherapy (or both). Despite such treatment, six patients died from their disease. The average survival was five years. This emphasizes the well-known poor prognosis for patients with clival chordomas. PMID- 7359981 TI - Patterns of involvement of the temporal bone in metastatic and systemic malignancy. AB - The temporal bone appears to be involved with secondary malignant processes in discrete histologic patterns with rather characteristic clinical presentations. Five distinct types of involvement can be recognized: isolated metastasis from a distant primary tumor; direct extension from a regional primary tumor; meningeal carcinomatosis; leptomeningeal extension from an intracranial primary tumor; and leukemic or lymphomatous infiltration. The typical histopathological patterns are described with correlative clinical symtomatology. Differential diagnosis is considered, and guidelines for surgical management are discussed. PMID- 7359983 TI - Vertigo and dizziness of functional origin. AB - In patients consulting otologists for vertigo a functional source can be expected in 50% of the patients and more frequently among young females than among older male subjects. Functional vertigo is frequently perceived as a turning sensation inside the head, functional dizziness frequently as a rocking sensation of the whole body, while patients with vertigo of somatic origin frequently seem to complain of a spinning sensation outside the head. The duration pattern of functional vertigo is frequently of a fluctuating or continuous type, while in the nonfunctional subjects it is of 2-5 hr. duration. In patients with vertigo of functional origin eye-closure tends to release rather than inhibit nystagmus. PMID- 7359982 TI - Patient survival factors in paranasal sinus mucormycosis. AB - Analysis of 170 cases of paranasal sinus mucormycosis collected from the literature and 9 cases of our own revealed a 50% mortality for this disease. When analyzed according to decade, survival has increased to 70% in the cases reported from 1970-1979. There were no significant differences between the survivors and the fatalities when evaluated according to age, sex, laterality, or radiographic findings. There was a markedly poorer prognosis for those patients with hemiplegia, facial necrosis, and nasal deformity. The underlying disease was an important determinant of survival: 75% of patients with no systemic disease, 60% of diabetics, and 20% of patients with other disorders survived. Surgical debridement or radical resection and the use of amphotericin B significantly increased survival. Their combination further enhanced survival, especially in the diabetic. PMID- 7359984 TI - Otolaryngologica prevarica: Munchausen's syndrome update and report of a case. AB - Colorful lying is a central feature of Munchausen's, a syndrome well characterized despite an imperfect understanding of its psychiatric aspects. Reported otolaryngologic presentations are infrequent. A classic case is described in detail. A new name, "Otolaryngologica Prevarica," is proposed to maintain awareness of the entity in the specialty. The psychodynamics and the relation to sadomasochism, hysteria and malingering are discussed. PMID- 7359986 TI - An unusual foreign body of the tongue masquerading as malignancy. AB - Foreign bodies within the tongue are a rare finding. The history is often not helpful as it is usually remote. Presented is a case of an unusual foreign body in the tongue which masqueraded as a malignancy. The differential diagnosis of an asymptomatic tongue swelling or tongue pain should include foreign body. PMID- 7359985 TI - Complications of frontal and ethmoid sinusitis. AB - A small percentage of patients with acute frontal or ethmoid sinusitis develop orbital, cranial or CNS complications. At selected University of Tennessee affiliated hospitals, from 1974 to 1978, there were 14 such cases which required major surgical intervention in addition to intensive medical therapy. The most common complication in this series was subperiosteal orbital abscess. The most common bacterial isolates were streptococcus and staphylococcus. A discussion of complications associated with frontal and ethmoid sinusitis is included as well as recommendations for medical and surgical management. PMID- 7359987 TI - The sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous flap. AB - The sternocleidomastoid muscle has three blood supplies: the occipital artery superiorly, the superior thyroid in the middle, and the thyrocervical trunk inferiorly. A compound flap has been developed to transport segments of neck skin on either end of a pedicle of sternocleidomastoid muscle to reconstruct defects in the oral cavity or orophaynx. It permits one-stage reconstruction at the time of the primary resection and eliminates the need for skin grafts to the donor sites. PMID- 7359988 TI - Tongue strength Part I: Following total laryngectomy. AB - Surgical repositioning of the genioglossus muscle, as in total laryngectomy, may have an adverse effect on the protrusive strength of the tongue. To test this premise, anterior and lateral tongue strength measures were obtained from 10 laryngectomized and 15 normal subjects by means of a pressure transducer and recording device. The results indicated no significant difference between laryngectomized and normal subjects on tongue strength measures. Further, all laryngectomized subjects were judged to have good to excellent esophageal speech. It was concluded that laryngectomy does not adversely affect the major musculature concerned with protrusive tongue strength for proficient esophageal speakers. PMID- 7359989 TI - Facial nerve nucleus in the cat. Further study. AB - The location of efferent neurons, supplying muscles innervated by facial nerve, was studied in the brain stem of the cat using horseradish peroxidase. One to four microliters of HRP was injected in the frontalis, posterior belly of digastric, platysma, and auricularis superior muscles of the kittens. Their representative locations were determined in the facial nucleus. No direct relation between the amount of HRP injected and the numer of labeled neurons was found. The number of positive cells was between 2 and 661. No labeled neurons were found in nucleus of Vth or any other brain stem nuclei. PMID- 7359990 TI - Hemilaryngectomy for verrucous carcinoma of the glottis. AB - Seven patients with verrucous carcinoma of the glottis treated by hemilaryngectomy are analyzed. The diagnostic criteria for this tumor are reviewed. Close cooperation between the clinician and pathologist is necessary for the correct diagnosis. The controversy regarding radiation therapy is discussed. Hemilaryngectomy is concluded to be a successful surgical modality for limited verrucous carcinoma of the larynx. PMID- 7359991 TI - The effect of nasal obstruction in infancy and early childhood upon ventilation. AB - To evaluate the effect of nasal obstruction in infants and young children upon ventilation during sleep, change of ventilation was followed by polygraphic recordings of esophageal pressure, tidal volume and percutaneous oxygen tension when the nostrils were mechanically obstructed in 10 subjects; 3 types of ventilatory changes were noted. In 4 subjects periodic breathing appeared in which hypoventilation was alternated with occasional hyperventilation. Esophageal pressure, tidal volume and PO2 showed concomittant fluctuation. PO2 lowered during hypoventilatory phase was compensated by periodic hyperventilation. In 5 subjects upper airway obstruction was compensated for by increased respiratory endeavor and tidal volume and PO2 remained normal in spite of markedly increased esophageal pressure. In 1 subject tidal volume and PO2 remained decreased with marked increase of esophageal pressure. Largest airway obstruction was noted between the upper and the lower lips. PMID- 7359992 TI - Tympanotomy-collector of middle ear fluid. PMID- 7359993 TI - Rhytidectomy techniques utilized for benign parotid surgery. PMID- 7359994 TI - Bone conduction changes following tympanoplasty Type I. PMID- 7359995 TI - The effect of fructose on purine metabolism in the lung. PMID- 7359996 TI - A novel effect of indomethacin on prostaglandin F2 alpha synthesis and metabolism by the human prostate. PMID- 7359997 TI - The influence of testosterone and lactogen on synthesis and metabolism of prostaglandin F2 alpha by the human prostate. PMID- 7359999 TI - The synthetic surfactants AS and LAS interrupt pregnancy in mice. PMID- 7359998 TI - Variation in the pattern of metabolism of corticosteroids in fetal mouse tissues. PMID- 7360000 TI - Central muscarinic receptor degeneration following 6-hydroxydopamine lesion in mice. PMID- 7360001 TI - Spectrophotofluorometric evidence of negatively cooperative binding of warfarin and phenylbutazone to human serum albumin. PMID- 7360002 TI - Inhibition of EMT6 tumor growth by interference with polyamine biosynthesis; effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. PMID- 7360003 TI - Human nerve growth factor: lack of immunocrossreactivity with mouse nerve growth factor. PMID- 7360004 TI - The effects of swimming in mice on pain perception and sleeping time in response to hypnotic drugs. PMID- 7360005 TI - Central nervous system actions of 2,5-bis(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl) cyclopentyl amine, a peripheral dopamine blocking agent. PMID- 7360006 TI - The influence of guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate and sodium on muscarinic receptor binding in the rat brain and longitudinal muscle of the rat ileum. PMID- 7360007 TI - Lipofuscin in vitamin E deficiency and the possible role of retinol. AB - This study was designed to determine if the vitamin A status of rats could affect the degree of lipofuscin formation in vitamin E deficient rats, inasmuch as an earlier report proposed a retinoyl complex in human brain lipofuscin pigment. Female rats were depleted of vitamin E from weaning while being maintained on different intakes of vitamin A (0, 0.8 and 8.0 mg/kg diet). The amount of lipofuscin present in the uterus was estimated at intervals between 2 and 8 months by visual observations, by histological fluorescence and by organic solvent extractable fluorescence. There was no difference in pigment deposition by any of the three criteria used, whether the animals were made retinol deficient and maintained on retinoic acid or were fed a low or high intake of retinol. Organic solvent extractable fluorescence was a poor indicator of the degree of pigment deposition in the uterus. It appears unlikely that retinol is a significant component of lipofuscin pigment in this tissue. PMID- 7360008 TI - Carotene in bovine milk fat globules: observations on origin and high content in tissue mitochondria. AB - The location and origin of carotenoids in bovine milk fat globules was investigated using spectral absorption of lipid solutions at 461 nm to quantitate carotene. Release of membrane from globules as a result of churning to butter or by freezing and thawing of the globules yielded membrane preparations which were devoid of carotene. Globule cores from these procedures exhibited carotene concentrations comparable to those in total milk lipids. Fractionation of lactating bovine tissue and analysis of lipid extracts revealed that the intracellular fat droplets have carotene concentrations approximating those of secreted globules. However, intracellular membranes of the tissue, particularly the mitochondria, are much richer in carotenoids than formative or secreted fat globules. The evidence indicates that bovine milk fat globules acquire carotene during their formation in the cell, but that some minor fraction of the total carotene may be extracted from the enveloping secretory membrane. Mean carotene values (microgram/g of lipid) for fractions from three samples of lactating tissue were: whole tissue 47, mitochondria 461, microsomes 69, cytosol 67, fat droplets 8, milk 9. One tissue analysis indicated that Golgi membranes contain somewhat more carotene than do microsomes. PMID- 7360010 TI - Interaction of porcine pancreatic colipase with a nonionic detergent, Triton X 100: spectrophotometric studies. AB - Strong perturbation of the ultraviolet spectrum of the tyrosines of porcine pancreatic colipase A is observed in the presence of Triton X-100 at concentration above the critical micellar concentration. Spectrophotometric titration of the phenolic groups of the protein shows that the apparent pKa value for two tyrosines is about 10.3, while the third tyrosine has a higher pKa value above 11.6. This residue is still protonated at pH 13 in the presence of Triton X 100. All perturbations induced by the nonionic detergent can be interpreted as resulting from interactions between colipase and Triton X-100 molecules at a hydrophobic site of the protein that includes the tyrosine residues. Results obtained in studies with Triton X-100 are similar to those already reported by Sari et al. (Eur. J. Biochem. 58:561 (1975) on the interaction of colipase with taurodeoxycholate. It is likely that the binding of both types of detergent occurs at the same specific site on the protein molecule. Data presented in this communication give further support to the hypothesis that a hydrophobic domain (residues 49-57), including all three tyrosines of the colipase molecule, participate to the well characterized interaction of the lipase cofactor with triglycerides at lipid-water interfaces. PMID- 7360011 TI - [Radiosotope renography in chronic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 7360009 TI - The effect of oral contraceptives on mononuclear cell cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity. AB - The influence of sex steroids on mononuclear cell cholesteryl ester hydrolase (CEH) activity in premenopausal women and women on combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives has been studied. In addition, plasma and mononuclear cell cholesterol and esters were measured along with plasma estrogen and progesterone levels. Mononuclear cell CEH activity in control women is highest on Day 20 of their menstrual cycle. The control women had significantly higher CEH activities than women on oral contraceptives. Plasma esters were higher in the oral contraceptive group. However, in mononuclear cells, free cholesterol but not cholesteryl esters were higher in women on oral contraceptives. PMID- 7360012 TI - [Insulin and C-peptide in endogenous hypercorticism]. PMID- 7360013 TI - [Evaluation of the quality of a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical preparation]. PMID- 7360014 TI - [Communist education is the most important task of the higher school]. PMID- 7360015 TI - [Radiation and combined treatment of Itsenko-Cushing's disease]. PMID- 7360016 TI - [Rectal dosages in the radiation therapy of gynecologic oncological patients]. PMID- 7360017 TI - [Radiation loads on the adrenals and kidneys in the gamma teletherapy of uterine cancer]. PMID- 7360018 TI - [Chromosome aberration frequency in human bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures after in vitro gamma irradiation]. PMID- 7360019 TI - [Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic indices after the fractionated irradiation of the heart area in rabbits]. PMID- 7360020 TI - [Organization of the dispensary observation of persons who work with ionizing radiation sources]. PMID- 7360021 TI - [Formation of the dosage field in combined irradiation using a grid diaphragm]. PMID- 7360022 TI - [Effect of the spectral makeup of the x-ray radiation on the median LET in homogeneous and heterogeneous media]. PMID- 7360023 TI - [Determination of the shunted blood volume in patients with cerebral arteriovenous aneurysms]. PMID- 7360024 TI - When a family loses an infant. PMID- 7360025 TI - Tax tips for doctors. PMID- 7360026 TI - When you're faced with an unconscious patient. PMID- 7360027 TI - A potpourri of "poisoned" people. PMID- 7360028 TI - More clinical implications of the Surgeon General's report on smoking and health. PMID- 7360029 TI - Echocardiogram of the month--3. Atrial myxoma. PMID- 7360030 TI - Aphorisms for catastrophic disease. PMID- 7360031 TI - Grand rounds from Rutgers Medical School. Familial hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 7360034 TI - Sweet pickles--an excellent antacid! PMID- 7360032 TI - Four strategies for treating asthma. PMID- 7360033 TI - Initial assessment of hand injuries. PMID- 7360035 TI - Is it really hypoglycemia? if so, what should you do? PMID- 7360036 TI - Stopping the stroke before it strikes. PMID- 7360037 TI - Burns--a quick guide to initial evaluation. PMID- 7360038 TI - "Wackycardia" in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 7360039 TI - Inflation--how bad is it? PMID- 7360041 TI - Ischemic bone necrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. II. The early diagnosis of ischemic necrosis of bone. AB - It would appear from our experience thus far, that increased bone marrow pressure and altered venous drainage, as documented by venography, are present in all stages of ischemic necrosis of bone, including the pre-radiologic, and may be the earliest detectable changes in this disorder. This implies that any postulated pathogenetic mechanism must take into account the early appearance of significant venous derangement, although not necessarily indicating that the venous abnormalities are primary. The data indicate that the venous circulation participates in and undoubtedly contributes to the progression of the disorder. In addition the successful results of core decompression reported in Part II, lend support to such a pathogenetic sequence, and may well be due to the interruption of this vicious circle. PMID- 7360042 TI - II. The treatment of ischemic necrosis of bone in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7360043 TI - Changes in medical therapy during the past half century. PMID- 7360040 TI - Pyoderma gangrenosum: clinical and laboratory findings in 15 patients with special reference to polyarthritis. AB - Fifteen consecutive patients with PG have been studied during the period 1971-78. Systemic disease was found in 13 of the patients and preceded the skin disease in 10 patients by 1-25 years. Only two patients had ulcerative colitis. One patient had paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and three patients had an IgA myeloma. Eight patients had polyarthritis; this was classical seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in two patients, and a seronegative inflammatory polyarthritis in six patients. Four patients had an unusual progressive erosive seronegative polyarthritis without evidence of granulomatous bowel disease, psoriasis, genital, urinary tract or eye disease. In three of these four patients the arthritis preceded the PG. Synovial fluid analysis showed depressed complement levels and in one patient deposits of immunoglobulins and complement were demonstrated in the synovial membrane. The course of the arthritis was progressive with development of disabling joint deformities and erosive destruction of joints, despite treatment with penicillamine, corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. One other patient had severe degenerative joint disease and chondrocalcinosis in association with a seronegative inflammatory polyarthritis, and another patient had ulcerative proctitis and severe degenerative joint disease secondary to chronic seronegative inflammatory polyarthritis. None of the patients had colitic arthritis, but in view of the association between PG and ulcerative colitis, some patients previously reported with PG and joint disease may have been suffering from the arthritis of ulcerative colitis. PG developed at the site of skin trauma in six patients. The natural history of the skin disease ran one of two courses: an acute, progressive course in which the ulcers rapidly enlarged until arrested by treatment; and a chronic course in which the lesions extended slowly and which after a period of weeks began to show signs of spontaneous healing. In only the patients with ulcerative colitis was there any correlation between the activity of the associated disease and the onset and progression of the skin disease. Serum complement levels were normal and no circulating cryoprecipitable immune complexes were found. Skin histology showed no evidence of vasculitis and direct immunofluorescence examination of involved skin was negative for IgG, IgM, IgA and C3. No consistent abnormality of cell-mediated immunity or neutrophil function was found and no significantly increased prevalence of any HLA antigen type was noted. Twelve patients have been treated with systemic corticosteroids. Six of these patients developed serious steroid complications and four patients have died, all from complications of steroid therapy. PMID- 7360044 TI - Action of histamine on the mesenteric microvasculature. PMID- 7360045 TI - Exclusion of albumin from vesicular ingestion by isolated microvessels. PMID- 7360046 TI - Cell distribution in capillary networks. PMID- 7360047 TI - The interaction of leukocytes and erythrocytes in capillary and postcapillary vessels. PMID- 7360048 TI - Intratumor distribution of vascular and extravascular spaces. PMID- 7360049 TI - A mathematical model of fluid exchange from an array of capillaries. PMID- 7360050 TI - Effects of reduced temperature on capillary flow and reactive hyperemia in red and white skeletal muscle. PMID- 7360051 TI - Blues reform legislation top issue for new BCBSM medical director. Interview by Shelton Reece. PMID- 7360053 TI - The Michigan Department of Public Health. PMID- 7360052 TI - Malpractice claims statistics 1974-to date. General surgeons draw most cases; great majority settle for under 10,000 dollars. PMID- 7360054 TI - Lt. Governor: mistake for government to be too involved in health care. Interview by Willah Weddon. PMID- 7360056 TI - Analysis of nuclear accumulation of influenza nucleoprotein antigen in the presence of p-fluorophenylalanine. AB - When p-fluorophenylalanine (FPA) was added to influenza virus RI/5+-infected cells 4 hr after infection, virus-specific proteins were synthesized but infectious progeny virus was not produced. In these cells, synthesis of viral RNA was strongly inhibited and nucleoprotein (NP) antigen was found predominantly in the nucleus in contrast to untreated cells in which NP antigen was distributed throughout the whole cell. The intracellular location and migration of NP were examined by isotope labeling followed by fractionation of infected cells. In untreated cells, a large portion of the NP was present in the cytoplasm and most of it was detected in the form of ribonucleoprotein (RNP). In contrast, in FPA treated cells little viral RNP was detectable and NP was present predominantly in the nucleus in a nonassembled, soluble form. When FPA was removed from the culture, synthesis of viral RNA was soon restored and a large amount of viral RNP appeared in the cytoplasm; this was followed by the production of infectious virus. The results of the experiments suggest that the NP synthesized in the presence of FPA is not assembled into viral RNP because of the lack of available RNA, and such NP migrates readily into the nucleus and accumulates there. PMID- 7360055 TI - Interferon production in human diploid cell strains derived from embryonic lungs. AB - Twenty-three strains of human diploid cells derived from embryonic lungs were tested for production of interferon by "superinduction." Strain HAIN-55 produced a relatively high level of interferon. The optimal concentration of cycloheximide for superinduction was essentially equal to that reported with foreskin fibroblasts. On the other hand, actinomycin D at a concentration of 4 to 16 microgram/ml enhanced the production of interferon more strikingly than at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml, which was usually employed for superinduction in the foreskin fibroblasts. Inhibition of interferon production was observed when fetal bovine serum was added to the medium during treatment with metabolic inhibitors for superinduction. Minimal essential medium was superior to Eagle's basal medium as growth medium for interferon production, and serum added after removal of metabolic inhibitors could be replaced by bovine serum albumin. The yield of interferon produced under the best conditions in this study, with strain HAIN-55, was more than 10,000 reference units/ml. PMID- 7360057 TI - Agglutination of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-infected L cells by concanavalin A. PMID- 7360058 TI - Tropical medicine here and now. PMID- 7360060 TI - Mucocele of the sphenoid sinus. AB - A mucocele of the sphenoid sinus caused persistent headache and destroyed the pituitary fossa before it was diagnosed and treated surgically via the transnasal route. The possible absence of clinical leads to the nature of this condition, and the importance of establishing a tissue diagnosis with destructive lesions in this area, are emphasized by this case. PMID- 7360059 TI - Serum cholesterol levels from birth to maturity. AB - Normal values for serum levels of total cholesterol, and of low-density and high density lipoprotein cholesterol from a longitudinal study of children from birth to two years of age, and from cross-sectional studies of four-year-old children, schoolchildren aged from eight to 18 years, and the young adult parents of the two-year-old children are reported. These data will provide a reference range for the normal Australian youth population, and cut-off points in the identification of hypercholesterolaemia. PMID- 7360062 TI - Ovarian and placental autonomy. PMID- 7360061 TI - Cardiac arrhythmais after chloral hydrate overdose. AB - A case of chloral hydrate overdose associated with ventricular arrhythmias which were refractory to treatment with lignocaine, but responsive to treatment with beta adrenergic blockade is reported. The probable mechanism of production of the arrhythmias is discussed together with its implications for management. PMID- 7360063 TI - Rapid control of serious high blood pressure with single large oral doses of prazosin. AB - With precautions, single large oral doses of prazosin (approximately 5 mg) may be used as a substitute for parenterally administered antihypertensive agents. PMID- 7360064 TI - Testicular seminoma with contralateral malignant teratoma. PMID- 7360065 TI - Giardiasis in Tasmania. PMID- 7360066 TI - Obstetric Drug Information Centre. PMID- 7360067 TI - Timolol: corneal anaesthesia. PMID- 7360069 TI - Whiplash by any other name. PMID- 7360070 TI - Headaches and cervical manipulation. PMID- 7360068 TI - Water intoxication associated with high dose syntocinon infusion. PMID- 7360071 TI - Muscle necrosis induced by intramuscular chlorpromazine. PMID- 7360072 TI - Regionalization of pathology services. PMID- 7360073 TI - Routine investigations in elective surgical patients. PMID- 7360074 TI - Hounding the pill. PMID- 7360075 TI - Urinary MHPG in depression: a cautionary note. PMID- 7360077 TI - Pulse amplitude monitor. PMID- 7360076 TI - Doctors' fees and average male wages. PMID- 7360078 TI - Drug standards in Malaysia. PMID- 7360079 TI - Strawberry-flavoured activated charcoal. PMID- 7360081 TI - Style in medical writing. PMID- 7360082 TI - Antibiotic-associated colitis. PMID- 7360080 TI - Vasectomy. PMID- 7360084 TI - The Royal Australian College of Medical Administrators: evolution and progress. PMID- 7360083 TI - Malformations: incidence, aetiology, problems and possible association with infants of multiple births. PMID- 7360085 TI - The clinical significance of vitamin D measurements. PMID- 7360086 TI - Inner-city community health centre: six years' experience. AB - Some aspects of the work of an inner-city community health centre administered by a large teaching hospital are described. Some sociodemographic characteristics and patterns of morbidity of persons attending the centre over the past six years are presented. Initial attempts of evaluation of clinical services provided by the centre are described. PMID- 7360087 TI - Strokes and contraceptive medication. PMID- 7360088 TI - Role of guar and dietary fibre in the management of diabetes mellitus. AB - High-fibre diets, particularly with the addition of guar gum, have been reported to improve control of blood glucose concentration in diabetics. These studies are reviewed, and the results of a study of 22 obese, poorly controlled, poorly compliant diabetic outpatients are presented. In a random, single-blind controlled trial, either guar, or bran, or placebo were added to the previous diet. Over a three-month period, there were no changes in weight, fasting blood glucose levels, or random blood glucose levels. Problems of tolerance were experienced with guar gum. Therefore, supplementation of the diet of such patients with guar gum or bran does not produce long-term improvements in diabetic control in a clinical context. The use of naturally occurring high-fibre foods may slightly improve diabetic control in motivated patients, but further long-term trials are required to establish whether dietary fibre will have any significant role in the practical management of diabetes. PMID- 7360089 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography combined with liver biopsy in the early and accurate diagnosis of jaundice. AB - By means of a new thin needle (Chiba), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography was carried out in 60 jaundiced patients admitted to a general surgical unit over a period of 12 months. In patients in whom the technique was technically unsuccessful, or in whom inadequate information was obtained, a liver biopsy was performed. Our results indicate that this is a safe and reliable method of achieving an early and accurate diagnosis in the majority (91%) of jaundiced patients. PMID- 7360090 TI - Changing epidemiology of malignant melanoma in Queensland. AB - Information provided by Queensland pathology laboratories shows that the annual incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Queensland has doubled from 16 per 100 000 population in 1966, to 32.7 per 100 000 in 1977. The incidence in males, and the males to females ratio have increased. The major sites of the tumour remain the same, except possibly for a reduction in the number of leg tumours in females in tropical Queensland. More tumours with an in-situ component of Hutchinson's melanotic freckle type are being diagnosed. The tumours diagnosed in 1977, compared with those in the Queensland Melanoma Project files from 1963 to 1969, are more superficial (Level 1 or Level 2), with nonelevated profile and smaller diameter. The findings suggest that the disease is being diagnosed and treated earlier. PMID- 7360091 TI - Psychogenic earache: An unusual cause of otalgia. AB - A 19-year-old female patient presented with a nine-month history of severe persistent earache for which no organic cause could be found. It later proved to be psychogenic in origin and was completely relieved when its psychological significance was understood and accepted by the patient. This is an unusual cause of earache. Its diagnosis and management are discussed. PMID- 7360092 TI - Familial Mediterranean fever in Australia. AB - A case of familial Mediterranean fever is presented, which is, as far as it could be ascertained, the first reported case of this condition in Australia. The difficulties encountered in making this diagnosis are discussed along with diagnostic criteria necessary to substantiate a diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever. The importance of this condition both to physicians and to surgeons is emphasized. PMID- 7360093 TI - The modified essay question for testing problem-solving skills. PMID- 7360094 TI - Drinking-driving pattern of male football spectators. PMID- 7360095 TI - Rehabilitation medicine. PMID- 7360098 TI - Scalp and nail psoriasis. PMID- 7360097 TI - Phenylbutazone. PMID- 7360096 TI - Rehabilitation medicine. PMID- 7360099 TI - Agranulocytosis after administration of carbamazepine. PMID- 7360100 TI - Bromo-DMA: new hallucinogenic drug. PMID- 7360101 TI - Improved treatment of hay fever. PMID- 7360102 TI - Magnesium and myocardial infarction. PMID- 7360103 TI - Peer review. PMID- 7360104 TI - Automated multiphasic health testing. PMID- 7360105 TI - Another look at lithium. PMID- 7360106 TI - Vitamin A toxicity. PMID- 7360107 TI - Minoxidil (loniten). PMID- 7360108 TI - Antiplatelet drugs after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7360110 TI - Metyrosine for pheochromocytoma. PMID- 7360109 TI - Drugs for esophageal reflux. PMID- 7360111 TI - Ambulatory electrocardiography. PMID- 7360112 TI - Effect of concanavalin A on the hemolytic activity of the components of the classical complement pathway. PMID- 7360113 TI - Interaction of wheat germ agglutinin with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Binding kinetics and flow microfluorometric analysis. PMID- 7360114 TI - Detection of agglutination reactions using anisotropic light scattering: an immunoassay of high sensitivity. PMID- 7360115 TI - The physiological breakdown of the third component of human complement. PMID- 7360116 TI - [Pathophysiology of abnormal hemoglobins]. PMID- 7360117 TI - [Psychological care for diabetic children, adolescents and their parents (author's transl)]. AB - A model of the psychological care for diabetic children, adolescents and their parents is presented. The model was developed from experiences gained in an out patient clinic for diabetic children, based on individual, family and group discussions. It proved necessary to start psychological care immediately after the manifestation of diabetes. The psychological problems of diabetic children and adolescents as well as their parents vary with age. This calls for a grouping according to the age of the individual patient. The aim of the psychological care is to help the patients and their parents to accept the fact of diabetes, and to allow a more conflict-free adjustment to the new budren involved. A further aim is to prevent the development of neurosis. The clinical manifestation of neurosis in diabetic children and adolescents is characterized by symptoms specific to diabetes. PMID- 7360119 TI - [Abnormal hemoglobins, Clinical aspects]. PMID- 7360118 TI - [Allergy to insect stings. diagnosis and therapy (author's transl)]. AB - An allergic reaction to stings by insects can occur within minutes and may be fatal. The history serves to assess the severity of the reaction and may aid in the identification of the insect involved. The diagnosis is established by a skin test and the hyposensitization tested by determining the levels of insect venom specific IgE. Minor allergic reactions can be treated with drugs, the more severe forms require hyposensitization therapy with pure insect venom, especially when the risk of re-exposure to insect sting is high. By means of the rush hyposensitization, a protection against insect stings can be achieved within 1 week. With increasing dosage, patients who have previously had severe reactions to insect stings, develop allergic side-effects. During the course of the treatment with insect venom, the levels of allergic IgE- and the levels of the protective IgG-antibiodies rise. After 6 months, the allergic antibody levels fall, the protective IgG-antibodies, however, remain above their pretreatment level. PMID- 7360120 TI - [Obstetrical and postnatal complications in children of chronically alcoholic mothers (author's transl)]. AB - The histories of mothers addicted to chronic abuse of alcohol always present severe complications during pregnancy and for most of their children during the peri- and postnatal period as well. The question arises to what extent peri- and postnatal complications may influence the clinical aspect of the alcoholembryopathy (AE) in these children. In 35 children with AE all details of their histories could be traced. By using Prechtl's concept of optimal conditions two different populations could be found amongst the children with AE, one with and the other without severe peri- and postnatal complications (exclusively peri- and postnatal asphyxia). No correlation could be found between the severity of AE and perinatal asphyxia. The result suggests reservation in rating peri- and posnatal asphyxia as an always potent factor causing brain damage. PMID- 7360121 TI - [Coincidence of a thalidomide-induced malformation and a lymphoma of high malignancy (author's transl)]. AB - The case history of a fifteen year old patient with Thalidomide induced malformation who developed a lymphoma of high malignancy is presented. PMID- 7360122 TI - [Serum lysozyme activity in term and preterm newborns (author's transl)]. AB - Serum levels of lysozyme were studied in 43 term and 36 premature newborns. Levels in premature babies were found to be significantly (p less than 0,001) lower than those of matures. Observation over two weeks revealed a rise of serum lysozyme in premature babies and a decline in mature newborns. The level seems to depend upon the turnover of neutrophile granulocytes. In 5 premature babies with clinical signs of sepsis the serum lysozyme concentrations were significantly (p less than 0,01) lower than those in healthy prematures. It is assumed that the activity of the intraneutrophilic lysozyme in patients with bacterial infections is reduced to as little as 50%. Urine controls for lysozyme in 43 newborns (mature and premature) did not show evidence of measurable lysozyme concentrations. PMID- 7360123 TI - [Radiation risk for the child in urinary tract roentgendiagnostic (author's transl)]. AB - During one urogramm skin doses were measured between 0,1--0,9 Roentgen (R) in the radiation field. The testes dose was 6--41 mR. In mictioncysto-urethrography the skin dose was between 0,2 and 4,2 R/examination, and the testes dose 50--80 mR. The energy transferred to the body by the X-rays (integral dose) was 5,6--23 mJoule (mJ) per urogramm. The mean-body-dose (integral dose/bodyweight) was 1,3- 0,6 mJ/kg per examination. The probability to induce a lethal disease (for example leukemia or malignoma) by this dose is approximately 1:50 000--1:500 000. The probability that exposure of the gonades induces mutations and thereby malformations in the following two generations is equally about 1:50 000--1:500 000. PMID- 7360124 TI - [Pharmacokinetic analysis of the fluctuation in digitalis bloodlevels during oral therapy with beta-methyldigoxin in children with heart insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - In five children with insufficiency of the heart the blood digitalis-digoxin level was monitored by drawing blood 5 times daily over a period of 7 days, starting from the first day of digitalisation. The dosage aimed at a mid-rate attainment of the plateau concentration in the blood. Digitalis blood levels were determined by a commercial radioimmunoassay. The blood level curves were simultaneously adjusted over the whole period, with the aid of a self-developed programme for tablecacultators, so that the considerable fluctuations of blood levels could be exhibited. The so adjusted curves were also pharmacokinetically analysed. Our data are in good agreement with the literature. The total clearance was significantly below that of adults. The total amount of digoxin in the whole organism, as calculated and represented graphically, changed less significantly, but was clearly higher in the first days of the mid-rate digitalisation than during the steady state. PMID- 7360125 TI - [Intussusception in the newborn (author's transl)]. AB - A five day old male neonate had bloody stools and decreasing appetite. He was subjected to laparotomy after x-ray investigations had shown an intussusception. This was due to a cystic duplication of the ileum just before the ileocecal valve. After an ileocecal resection the postoperative course was uneventful. Special problems of the intussusception in the newborn are discussed. PMID- 7360126 TI - [Diagnosis of abnormal hemoglobins]. PMID- 7360127 TI - [Significance and occurrence of anomal hemoglobin variants in Europe]. PMID- 7360128 TI - [Therapy of hemoglobin diseases]. PMID- 7360129 TI - [Chondrodysplasia punctata (author's transl)]. AB - The radiological features of two children with chondrodysplasia punctata are presented. According to the classification of Spranger case 1, a 2 year-old boy, belongs to the Conradi-Hunermann-syndrome, and case 2, a 13 month-old girl, to the rhizomelic type. PMID- 7360130 TI - [Myogenic and neuromuscular diseases. I. Introduction]. PMID- 7360131 TI - [Myogenic and neuromuscular diseases. Panel discussion at the 75th session of the German Society for Pediatrics, 4-6 September 1978, Freiburg]. PMID- 7360132 TI - [Myogenic and neuromuscular diseases. II. Clinical symptoms in infants and in the newborn]. PMID- 7360133 TI - [Myogenic and neuromuscular diseases. III. Clinical symptoms in children of preschool- and school-age]. PMID- 7360134 TI - [Myogenic and neuromuscular diseases. IV. Differential diagnostic value of nerve biopsies. Histology, electron microscopy]. PMID- 7360135 TI - [Myogenic and neuromuscular diseases. V. Differential diagnostic significance of muscular biopsy in myogenic and neuromuscular diseases. Light microscopic histochemical and electron microscopic findings]. PMID- 7360136 TI - [Myogenic and neuromuscular diseases. VI. Conclusion]. PMID- 7360137 TI - [Severe cardiogenic hemolytic anemia with decreased flexibility of erythrocytes following surgical correction of mitral valve stenosis (author's transl)]. AB - After surgical correction of a common atrium and closure of a mitral cleft, a mitral stenosis developed in a 5 year old girl. Postoperatively a pronounced hemolysis developed necessitating multiple blood transfusions. Rheologic measurements showed that hemolysis was due to a loss of erythrocyte deformability after mechanical damage. On the basis of these measurements it was concluded that the mitral stenosis was most likely responsible for this mechanical damage. Following another surgical correction of the mitral valve there was no hemolysis anymore. PMID- 7360138 TI - [Salbutamol in asthmatic children, lung function and plasma levels of free salbutamol after treatment with salbutamol rectally and by pressurized aerosol (author's transl)]. AB - In 10 children with asthma bronchiale aged 4 10/12--14 3/12 years, Salbutamol was given rectally and by pressurized aerosol. After 1 h plasma concentration of free salbutamol and lung function were measured. Plasma concentrations of free salbutamol ranged between 1.2--12.3 ng/ml, when 2 mg of salbutamol were given rectally and between less than 0.5--1.6 ng/ml, when a dose of 0.2 mg salbutamol was inhaled. Airway resistance decreased significantly after both forms of treatment but there was no statistical difference. Plasma concentrations of free salbutamol were rather low following an aerosol dose of 0.2 mg salbutamol, suggesting a topical action of salbutamol. When taken rectally improvement in lung function seemed to be related to plasma levels of free salbutamol. PMID- 7360140 TI - The effect of washing lymphocytes after in vivo treatment with streptonigrin on the yield of chromosome and chromatid aberrations in blood cultures. AB - Cytogenetic analyses of cultured blood lymphocytes from streptonigrin-treated female rabbits demonstrated that the yield of chemically-induced chromatid aberrations, expecially exchanges, is influenced by the method of blood handling before in vitro culture. When blood cells from treated animals were washed with tissue-culture medium before culture, chromatid breaks were observed at the same level as in the controls, and no chromatid exchanges were found. However, when duplicate aliquots of blood were inoculated directly into culture medium, without washing, elevated levels of chromatid breaks were observed and chromatid exchanges were found. These findings indicate that the clastogen, streptonigrin, was carried into the culture medium with the blood-cell inoculum. PMID- 7360139 TI - [Energy requirement and day-to-day variation of food intake in diabetic children and adolescents on a regulated nutritional regime (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360141 TI - Increased sensitivity of cell strains from Cockayne's syndrome to sister chromatid-exchange induction and cell killing by UV light. AB - Ultraviolet light-induced sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) and cell killing were investigated in 4 fibroblast cell strains from patients with the sun-sensitive disease Cockayne's syndrome (CS). All 4 CS cell strains proved to be hypersensitive to UV for both of these end-points, but no close correlation between levels of SCE and lethality was observed. Cell strains from two individuals heterozygous for CS were indistinguishable from wild-type. PMID- 7360142 TI - The induction and characterization of mouse lymphoma L5178Y cell lines resistant to 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine. AB - The induction of variants of L5178Y mouse-lymphoma cells resistant to 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) has been investigated. The spontaneous mutation frequency was low, around 3 X 10(-8). Resistant variants were induced in a dose dependent fashion following treatment with ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS), ethidium bromide and 2-acetylaminofluorene, but not with gamma-irradiation. With EMS as mutagen the frequency of ara-C-resistant variants was much lower than that obtained using other selective agents, whereas it was higher with the mutagens acetylaminofluorene and ethidium bromide. Out of 42 resistant clones examined, 38 showed normal sensitivity to thymidine and were destignated as Class 1, the remaining four (Class 2) were usually resistant to thymidine. Cells in Class 1 did not accumulate detectable amounts of ara-C and had negligible deoxycytidine kinase activity. They were about 3000-fold more resistant to the toxic effects of ara-C than were wild-type cells. Cells in Class 2 had a reduced ability to accumulate are-C and had 50% of the deoxycytidine kinase activity of wild-type cells. They were only 20 times more resistant to ara-c than were wild-type cells. The enzymatic defect in these cells is obscure but the phenotypic properties probably result from subtle alterations in the pool of deoxycytidine nucleotides. PMID- 7360143 TI - Damage and repair in mammalian cells after exposure to non-ionizing radiations. III. Ultraviolet and visible light irradiation of cells of placental mammals, including humans, and determination of photorepairable damage in vitro. AB - Cultured cells of placental mammals (including human skin fibroblasts) as well as fresh cornea tissue from oxen have been UV (254 nm)-irradiated and either kept dark or exposed to photoreactivating light (wavelengths greater than 375 nm only) prior to extraction of their DNA. The latter was added to an in vitro photorepair system consisting of UV-irradiated DNA from Haemophilus influenzae and yeast photoreactiving enzyme, illuminated with broad-spectrum white fluorescent light. The extent of competitive inhibition of the in vitro photorepair of Haemophilus DNA, resulting from the addition of mammalian DNA, has been taken as a measure of mammalian DNA lesions capable of reacting with photoreactivating enzyme. In most cases the amount of these DNA lesions was reduced if the UV-irradiated mammalian cells had been light-exposed prior to DNA extraction, indicating photoenzymatic repair of up to 90% of the lesions. DNA damage by the photoreactivating light itself was observed at varying degrees in human cells, where this effect presumably masks some of the photorepair. PMID- 7360144 TI - Comparison of sister-chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes after G0 exposure to mitomycin in vivo vs. in vitro. PMID- 7360145 TI - The effect of cytosine arabinoside on the frequency of X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations in normal human leukocytes. AB - The yield of X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations in unstimulated human lymphocytes is greatly enhanced when the cells are incubated with cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) after irradiation. There is an increase in aberration yield with increasing time of incubation in ara-C (1, 2 or 3 h). When G2 cells are X irradiated and incubated with ara-C until fixation, the deletion yields are considerably increased, but no interchanges are observed. In the absence of ara C, 0.29 interchanges per cell were observed. The G2 results suggest that ara-C inhibits the repair of damage that leads to the formation of exchange aberrations. The increase in yield in unstimulated lymphocytes is interpreted to be due to an accumulation of strand breaks caused by ara-C inhibition of repair; when the inhibition is reversed with deoxycytidine, these breaks can interact to form aberrations. A possible mechanism for the induction of chromosome aberrations by X-rays is offered on the basis of these results. PMID- 7360146 TI - On the mechanics of chromosomal aberrations: a study with single and multiple spatially-associated protons. AB - A unique radiation configuration, triads of protons, where mean separation between protons was controlled to be about 0.2 microns, has been used to irradiate Chinese hamster V79 cells. These triads of accelerated particles were more effective at producing chromosomal aberrations than randomly incident particles. Cells were irradiated with either single or three associated protons, with each proton depositing energy intracellularly at an LET of about 30 keV per micron. The associated protons were produced from accelerated molecular ions (H3+) that dissociated into atomic ions in a 6 mu Mylar foil on which the cells were growing, becoming triads of particles separated by a mean of about 0.2 microns in the cell nuclei. Chromosomal aberrations were scored from cells accumulated with colcemid over hourly intervals after irradiation. Those cells closest to mitosis (late G2) were the most sensitive to radiation, while overall "triple" protons were 52% more effective than single protons in producing aberrations. Only 10% of particles incident in nuclei resulted in an effect for the most sensitive period (late G2) dropping to 2% for the least sensitive period (early S--late G1). The frequencies of chromatid deletions declined dramatically with time post-irradiation, with isochromatid deletions less so and the frequencies of chromatid interchanges comparatively unchanged. Chromatid deletions and isochromatid deletions were often subtantially increased after "triple" proton irradiation, with the frequencies of chromatid interchanges less effected. This implies that both chromatid and isochromatid deletions can readily result from interactions between pairs of induced lesions about 0.2 microns apart. Achromatic lesions (gaps) were numerically equivalent after both irradiations implying a single lesion production mode. Results are compatible with there being a substantial short range component of interaction (less than 0.1 microns) between damaged sites, with a long range component of interaction extending to a few tenths of a micrometer. PMID- 7360147 TI - Hertwig effect caused by UV-irradiation of sperm of Oryzias latipes (teleost) and its photoreactivation. AB - When sperm of the fish Oryzias latipes were irradiated with ultraviolet light and allowed to fertilize normal eggs, the so-called "Hertwig effect" was observed, with a dose-dependent decrease in survival rate at low doses (0-27 J . m-2) but a better survival rate at higher dose ranges. Illumination with visible light after fertilization (10-70 min after insemination) showed the existence of photoreactivation (PR), demonstrating that pyrimidine dimers are a lesion in sperm DNA that is mainly responsible for the UV-caused Hertwig effect. Genetic analysis, in which sperm from a wild-type of this fish was used, showed that, after UV-irradiation at the high dose range, male nuclei did not participate in embryonic development (a gynogenetic haploid condition). Embryos having only a maternal set of chromosomes could develop no further than stage 27. Only the visible light during the early part (until around 20-30 min after insemination, at 25 degrees C) of the single-cell stage was effective for PR; illumination thereafter was not. PMID- 7360148 TI - Determination of the expression time and the dose--response relationship for mutations at the HGPRT (hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphophoribosyl transferase) locus induced by X-irradiation in human diploid skin fibroblasts. AB - The length of the expression time for mutants resistant to 8-azaguanine or 6 thioguanine induced by X-rays was determined in human diploid skin fibroblasts. The cells were seeded in the selective medium over a period of 14 days after treatment. Direct expression of at least a part of the mutants was observed at day 0, and an increase of the mutant frequency over the entire cultivation period appeared to be due to spontaneous mutation. The dose-response relationship does not appear to deviate from linearity. The mutation rate per R had a mean value of 2.1 x 10(-7) which is about twice the value of the mutation rate found in rodent cells for the same locus. PMID- 7360149 TI - Puromycin resistance in Chinese hamster cells: genetic and biochemical studies of partially resistant, unstable clones. AB - Resistance to 10 microgram/ml of puromycin has been analyzed in V79 Chinese hamster cells. Clones that were isolated in 10 microgram/ml of puromycin and subsequently cultivated in its absence consistently lost their resistance. One clone was analyzed in detail by recloning in the presence and absence of puromycin, and it was found that non-puromycin cultivated subclones also lost their resistance and regained inhibition profiles similar to the V79 parent. Reconstruction experiments between sensitive and resistant cells demonstrated that the yield of mutants was not affected by metabolic cooperation. The mutation rate was calculated to be 1 x 10(-7) per cell generation, and was the same within the limits of statistical error in a colchicine-produced polyploid derivative of the V79 line. Although a number of resistant clones were found to have polyploid karyotypes, the polyploid V79 lines was not more resistant to puromycin, nor did it possess a higher frequency of puromycin resistant cells. Studies employing radiolabeled puromycin established that resistance was due to a lowered uptake of puromycin and that an inverse relationship existed between resistance level and uptake rate. PMID- 7360150 TI - UV-light-induced mutations in synchronous CHO cells. AB - Asynchronous and synchronous CHO cells were irradiated with germicidal UV light to determine the fluence response curve for cell killing, and the induction of resistance to 6-thioguanine, ouabain, and diphtheria toxin. For asynchronous populations the data show a sigmoidal response for induced reproductive death, as has been seen by others, with a D0 of 6 J/m2 and an extrapolation number of 2.5. The induction of mutations appears to be a linear function for all three mutagenic markers up to a dose of 17 J/m2. Reproductive death induced in the synchronous populations is a function of the time at which exposure occurs in the cell cycle, with late G1 and early S being the sensitive stages. The induction of resistance to 6TG, ouabain, and diphtheria toxin (DT) all seem to depend on the time of exposure in the cell cycle. As in the case of UV-induced reproductive death, the more sensitive periods for mutation induction appear also to be the G1 and early S period of the cell cycle, with the largest cyclic variation occurring for induced DT resistance. A comparison of the results reported here for the UV exposure with exposures of synchronous CHO cells to X-rays and ethylnitrosourea suggests that there are different age-specific responses to mutation induction for each agent, and that there are often different age responses for different mutagenic endpoints with the same mutagen. PMID- 7360151 TI - Studies on the ultraviolet light sensitivity of Bloom's syndrome fibroblasts. AB - The sensitivity of Bloom's syndrome (bl/bl) fibroblasts to ultraviolet light (254 nm) has been estimated by 4 criteria: sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) formation, micronucleus production, cell survival, and host-cell reactivation of UV irradiated adenovirus 2. In general, bl/bl strains did not differ significantly from the normal (+/+) strains in their response to UV treatment by any of the 4 criteria. One bl/bl strain, GM1492, was exceptional: It was abnormally sensitive to UV light in the SCE, micronucleus, and host-cell reactivation assays, but was not sensitive to UV as estimated by colony-forming ability. Thus, although one of the bl/bl strains studied in the experiments was sensitive to UV light as judged by some criteria, UV sensitivity is not a universal characteristic of Bloom's syndrome cells. It is unclear whether the UV sensitivity of the GM1492 strain reflects genetic diversity within the syndrome or some unrelated property of this strain. PMID- 7360152 TI - High frequencies of inversions and translocations of chromosomes 7 and 14 in ataxia telangiectasia. AB - The R-banding of more than 1100 lymphocytes and fibroblasts from 11 patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) showed rearrangements of chromosomes 7 and/or 14 in about 7% of the cells. Among these rearrangements, pericentric inversion of chromosome 7 was the most frequent, and the paracentric inversion of chromosome 14 not very rare. These inversions are believed to be fairly specific of AT, and their absence in the previously reported literature may be due to technical problems. Inversions were also observed in the lymphocytes of presumed heterozygote carriers with a lower frequency, and may be of some help for the detection of healthy heterozygote carriers of the AT gene. PMID- 7360153 TI - Definition of conditions for the detection of genotoxic chemicals in the adult rat-liver epithelial cell/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (ARL/HGRPT) mutagenesis assay. AB - Conditions for the detection of genotoxic chemicals in the adult rat-liver epithelial cell/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (ARL/HGPRT) mutagenesis assay have been defined. These included (1) a 3-day exposure to activation-dependent carcinogens; (2) a minimum of 14 days for induced mutant expression; (3) seeding density of 1 x 10(4) cells per cm2 for selection of mutants; (4) use of 6-thioguanine and (5) acceptance of genotoxicity of test chemicals if induced mutant incidence is significantly above that of the parallel run control and beyond the 98% confidence limits of the mean of the population spontaneous mutant incidence. With this protocol, the ARL/HGPRT mutagenesis assay has the capacity to activate representative members of the mycotoxin, aminoazo dye, aromatic amine and nitrosamine-types of carcinogens. This assay, offering additional metabolic parameters through intrinsic metabolic capability and providing a reliable end-point of clear biologic significance serves as a useful supplement to the Salmonella/microsome bacterial mutagenesis assay in a battery for the detection of genotoxic chemicals. PMID- 7360154 TI - A micronucleus technique for detecting clastogenic effects of mutagens/carcinogens (DEN, DMN) in hepatocytes of rat liver in vivo. AB - A micronucleus assay in vivo has been developed that utilizes freshly isolated hepatocytes from livers of hepatectomized rats. In a small validation study, increased frequencies of micronuclei were detected in rats exposed to DEN and DMN before or after hepatectomy. The method is suitable for the detection of clastogenic effects of compounds or their metabolites that are too short-lived to reach the classical target cells used in cytogenetic studies. Because the non hepatectomized liver shows very low levels of mitosis, the liver-micronucleus assay can also be used for the study of storage effects and the clastogenic effects of chronic exposures to mutagens/carcinogens. PMID- 7360155 TI - Validation of conditions for efficient detection of HPRT and APRT mutations in suspension-cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Conditions for reliable and efficient assay of mutations affecting the activity of HPRT (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase EC 2.4.2.8) and APRT (adenine phosphoribosyltransferase EC 2.4.2.7) have been determined for a strain of CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells that has been adapted for rapid growth both in suspension culture and in monolayer. To facilitate measurement of mutation at the aprt locus, clones were derived that are presumptively heterozygous at that locus. At a limiting concentration of 8 microgram/ml of azaadenine, 14/16 of the resistant clones picked and tested had approximately 1/2 of the APRT activity of the wild-type cells. One such clone, strain AA8, was chosen for further studies and found to be readily mutable to resistance to 80 microgram/ml azaadenine. Most of the highly resistant colonies isolated (21/24) had very low in vitro APRT activity. The optimal conditions for detection of TGr and AAr mutations were determined for two critical parameters, expression time and cell density. Cultures treated with mutagen either in monolayer or in suspension were allowed to express mutations in suspension. The expression of mutations induced by UV light, EMS, and ICR-191 was complete by 3 days for AAr and by 4-5 days for TGr. The time required to reach a maximal frequency of mutants was essentially independent of the type of mutagen and the level of survival after treatment. Induced mutation frequencies for both loci were notably stable during the time intervals examined. With respect to cell-density conditions, both markers were detected at frequencies that were independent of the cell inocula over the range of 1 x 10(5) to 1 x 10(6) cells per 100-mm petri dish (i.e. 1.6 x 10(3) to 1.6 x 10(4) cells/cm2) containing 20 ml of medium. These results were obtained with both mutagenized populations and with reconstructed mixtures obtained by adding drug-resistant cells to varying numbers of wild-type cells. The rapid expression of mutations for both markers, particularly AAr, combined with the advantage that large inocula can be plated for selection of mutants, make this CHO strain an attractive system for the simultaneous measurement of mutations at the autosomal aprt and X-linked hprt loci. PMID- 7360156 TI - Resistance to methyl mercaptopurine riboside in cultured hamster cells. Preliminary characterization of resistant cells and conditions affecting their selection in quantitative mutation studies. AB - Cells resistant to high concentrations of methyl mercaptopurine riboside (MMPR), an anlogue of adenosine, were found at a frequency of about 6 x 10(-6) per viable cell in untreated cultures of V79 Chinese hamster cells. Resistant cells were selected less efficiently if purines were added to the MMPR-medium, but high cell densities had little effect upon selection. 6 independently-isolated spontaneous MMPR-resistant sublines were characterized by their resistance to the toxicity of different purines, rate of purine excretion, incorporation of radioactive adenosine, electrophoresis of cell extracts, and expression of resistance in hybrids to an MMPR-sensitive line. 5 of these sublines showed recessive expression of MMPR-resistance in hybrids and had characteristics consistent with loss of adenosine kinase activity, while the remaining subline was much less resistant to MMPR and showed semi-dominant expression of resistance without loss of adenosine kinase activity. Cells with high resistance to MMPR were not found in a "tetraploid" (hybrid) V79 line or in freshly-isolated human cell cultures, but occurred at a comparable frequency to V79 in another commonly-used aneuploid hamster line, CHO-K1. The frequency of MMPR-resistant cells in V79 cultures was increased to a similar extent by treatment with gamma-rays or with ethyl methanesulphonate, providing a suitable post-treatment interval was allowed for the expression of resistance. A genetic interpretation of these data is given in which it is proposed that resistance most usually arises through mutation of an autosomally-linked gene of which one copy has been inactivated or lost in V79 and in CHO-K1 cells. In comparison to published data on the selection of "mutants" resistant to 6-thioguanine, it is argued that MMPR could be as useful a selective agent as thioguanine and may select a different range of types of mutagenic event. PMID- 7360157 TI - Analysis in vivo of sister-chromatid exchange in mouse bone-marrow and salivary gland cells. PMID- 7360158 TI - Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges by mutagens from amino acid and protein pyrolysates. AB - Sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in a permanent cell line of human lymphoblastoid cells were induced by 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]-indole (Trp-P-1), 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2), 2-amino-6 methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1) and 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3 b]indole (2-amino-alpha-carboline). The first two compounds were found in tryptophan pyrolysates, the third in a glutamic acid pyrolysate and the last in a globulin pyrolysate. All these compounds required the metabolic activation system (S9 mix) for induction of SCE. Trp-P-2 had the highest SCE-inducing activity of these chemicals (approximately equivalent to that of aflatoxin B1), followed by Trp-P-1, Glu-P-1 and then 2-amino-alpha-carboline. PMID- 7360159 TI - Induction of cross-links between DNA and protein by PR toxin, a mycotoxin from Penicillium roqueforti. AB - PR toxin, a mycotoxin from Penicillium roqueforti, induces DNA--protein cross links in chromatin of both cultured cells and isolated rat-liver nuclei. The presence of the aldehyde group in the PRT molecule is required for the induction of cross-linking; methylene bridges between nucleic acid and protein are presumably involved in the complex formation. The role of other functional groups of PR toxin is discussed. PMID- 7360160 TI - Micronuclei in bone-marrow cells of mice subjected to hyperthermia. PMID- 7360161 TI - Risk of stroke in asymptomatic persons with cervical arterial bruits: a population study in Evans County, Georgia. AB - A survey of the rural community in Evans County, Georgia, revealed cervical arterial bruits in 72 (4.4 per cent) of 1620 persons 45 years of age of older without previous stroke, transient ischemic attacks, or overt ischemic heart disease. The prevalence of such asymptomatic bruits increased with age and was greater in women and persons with hypertension. We estimated the risk of stroke associated with cervical bruits during a six-year follow-up period, taking age and blood pressure into account. The presence of asymptomatic bruits was associated with a significantly higher risk of stroke in men but not in women, with odds ratios of 7.5 and 1.6, respectively. Despite the high risk of stroke among men with bruits, the correlation between the location of the bruits and the type of subsequent stroke was poor. Moreover, cervical bruits in men were a risk factor for death from ischemic heart disease. We suggest that asymptomatic cervical bruits are an indication of systemic vascular disease and do not themselves justify invasive diagnostic procedures or surgical correction of underlying extracranial arterial lesions. PMID- 7360162 TI - Regression of columnar esophageal (Barrett's) epithelium after anti-reflux surgery. PMID- 7360163 TI - Radiation treatment of pediatric hepatic hemangiomatosis and coexisting cardiac failure. PMID- 7360165 TI - The quinidine-digoxin interaction. PMID- 7360164 TI - The quinidine-digoxin interaction. PMID- 7360166 TI - Low serum iron in influenza. PMID- 7360167 TI - Severe hypotension during febrile episodes in patients taking antihypertensives. PMID- 7360168 TI - Hypertensive retinopathy in renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7360169 TI - Hypertensive retinopathy in renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7360170 TI - False-positive immunoassay for acetylcholine-receptor antibody in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 7360171 TI - Psychiatric illness in drug abusers. PMID- 7360172 TI - Psychiatric illness in drug abusers. PMID- 7360174 TI - Evaluating a house officership. PMID- 7360173 TI - The perils of identifying quacks. PMID- 7360175 TI - Informed consent -- why are its goals imperfectly realized? AB - We explored reasons for the failure of patients to recall major portions of the information on consent forms and in oral explanations about consent. Within one day of signing consent forms for chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery, 200 cancer patients completed a test of their recall of the material in the consent explanation and filled out a questionnaire regarding their opinions of its purpose, content, and implications. Only 60 per cent understood the purpose and nature of the procedure, and only 55 per cent correctly listed even one major risk or complication. We found that three factors were related to inadequate recall: education, medical status, and the care with which patients thought they had read their consent forms before signing. Only 40 per cent of the patients had read the form "carefully." Most believed that consent forms were meant to "protect the physician's rights." Although most thought that consent forms were necessary and comprehensible and that they contained worthwhile information, the legalistic connotations of the forms appeared to lead to cursory reading and inadequate recall. PMID- 7360176 TI - On the readability of surgical consent forms. AB - A great deal of attention has been paid to ensuring that surgical consent forms have valid content, but little effort has been made to ensure that the average patient can read and understand them. Five representative surgical consent forms were analyzed with two standardized readability tests. The readability of all five was approximately equivalent to that of material intended for upper-division undergraduates or graduate students. Four of the five forms were written at the level of a scientific journal, and the fifth at the level of a specialized academic magazine. I suggest that few consent forms currently in use could pass readability tests. The implication of these findings is that thousands of persons may be undergoing surgery each year on the basis of inadequate consent. The problem has a reasonably simple solution: analysis of all consent forms for readability, and rewriting of those found excessively difficult. PMID- 7360177 TI - Natural history of chronic idiopathic neutropenia. PMID- 7360178 TI - Informed consent by "well-nigh abject" adults. PMID- 7360179 TI - Diaphoresis with digoxin. PMID- 7360181 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for gas gangrene. PMID- 7360180 TI - Isoproterenol in primary pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7360182 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for gas gangrene. PMID- 7360183 TI - Prevention of doxorubicin-induced hair loss. PMID- 7360184 TI - Prednisone in membranous nephropathy. PMID- 7360185 TI - Capnocytophaga septicemia. PMID- 7360186 TI - Monohydrate calcium oxalate crystalluria in ethylene glycol poisoning. PMID- 7360187 TI - Eosinophils and fibrinogenesis. PMID- 7360188 TI - Factor X deficiency in primary amyloidosis. PMID- 7360189 TI - Chromosomal aberrations in eosinophilic leukemia. PMID- 7360190 TI - Counting events in clinical trials. PMID- 7360191 TI - The morning-report syndrome. PMID- 7360192 TI - The morning-report syndrome. PMID- 7360193 TI - The pro-life bonus of amniocentesis. PMID- 7360194 TI - The clinical investigator as an endangered species. PMID- 7360195 TI - The clinical investigator as an endangered species. PMID- 7360196 TI - The clinical investigator as an endangered species. PMID- 7360197 TI - The clinical investigator as an endangered species. PMID- 7360198 TI - The clinical investigator as an endangered species. PMID- 7360199 TI - The clinical investigator as an endangered species. PMID- 7360200 TI - Medical intensive care: indications, interventions, and outcomes. AB - To evaluate current practices regarding intensive-care units (ICU's), we collected data on 2693 consecutive admissions to a medical ICU during a two-year period and studied indications for admission, specific interventions, costs, and outcomes. The need for noninvasive monitoring rather than immediate major interventions prompted 77 per cent of the admissions. Only 10 per cent of monitored patients had subsequent indications for major interventions. The 23 per cent who required immediate interventions accounted for disproportionate shares of total charges (37 per cent) and deaths during hospitalization (58 per cent). Demographic and diagnostic data indicate that the aged and chronically ill have become the principal consumers of intensive care. Overall mortality during hospitalization was 10 per cent; cumulative mortality during follow-up study (mean duration, 15 months) was 25 per cent. We conclude that identification of sensitive predictors of complications and specific predictors of mortality can lead to more efficient and effective ICU practices. PMID- 7360201 TI - The course of patients with suspected myocardial infarction. The identification of low-risk patients for early transfer from intensive care. AB - The hospital course of all patients admitted to a medical intensive-care unit (ICU) with suspected myocardial infarction was reviewed to test the feasibility of identifying patients suitable for earlier transfer from the ICU. Three hundred sixty patients admitted after presentation with uncomplicated chest pain could be stratified into three risk groups within 24 hours of admission to the ICU. One hundred sixty-eight patients (47 per cent), who were without major complications, elevation of total serum creatine phosphokinase, or electrocardiographic evidence of transmural infarction during the first day, could be designated "low-risk" patients. Three per cent of the low-risk patients subsequently met clinical criteria for infarction, 2 percent had late complications in the ICU, and none died. Rates of infarction, late complications in the ICU, and mortality in the hospital were significantly higher for patients at intermediate and high risk. Identification of low-risk patients for whom early transfer may be routinely indicated is feasible and could reduce by 55 per cent the total number of days that such patients spend in the ICU. PMID- 7360202 TI - Law-medicine notes. Screening panels in malpractice cases: some disturbing progress reports. PMID- 7360203 TI - By the London Post. Controversial proposals for London medical schools. PMID- 7360204 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 16-1980. PMID- 7360205 TI - Chlorambucil for childhood nephrosis: a word of caution. PMID- 7360206 TI - Intensive-care units: who needs them? PMID- 7360207 TI - No association between oral contraceptives and malignant melanomas. PMID- 7360208 TI - Amantadine in uncomplicated influenza A. PMID- 7360209 TI - Comparison of liquid antacids. PMID- 7360210 TI - Prophylaxis for persons in contact with patients who have rabies. PMID- 7360211 TI - Epigastric blowing. PMID- 7360212 TI - External compression for treatment of resistant edema. PMID- 7360213 TI - Rapid reduction of transaminase levels in fulminant hepatitis. PMID- 7360214 TI - Surgical-wound sepsis and methods of hemostasis. PMID- 7360216 TI - Medical participation in capital punishment. PMID- 7360217 TI - Medical participation in capital punishment. PMID- 7360218 TI - Medical participation in capital punishment. PMID- 7360215 TI - Hazards of a microwave oven. PMID- 7360219 TI - Medical participation in capital punishment. PMID- 7360220 TI - Medical participation in capital punishment. PMID- 7360221 TI - Medical participation in capital punishment. PMID- 7360222 TI - Candy cigarettes. PMID- 7360223 TI - Views of residency directors on pass/fail. PMID- 7360225 TI - Smoking and health: time for a legal commitment. PMID- 7360224 TI - Poisoning deaths in the United States in 1977. PMID- 7360226 TI - Environmentalists warn of continued threats to water supplies. PMID- 7360227 TI - Tailoring liposome structure. PMID- 7360228 TI - Beta-chain contact sites in the haemoglobin S polymer. AB - The amino acid residues involved in the areas of contact that stabilise the haemoglobin S polymer fibre seem to be the same ones that stabilise the basic unit of the deoxyhaemoglobin S crystal: the Wishner-Love double strand. The haemoglobin S fibre is probably formed by a unique packing of these double strands. PMID- 7360229 TI - Genetic heterozygosity in a natural population of Mus musculus assessed using two dimensional electrophoresis. AB - Since the introduction of gel electrophoresis to population genetics, estimates of genic heterozygosity at allozyme loci have been made for many organisms. However, attempts to extend the range of proteins surveyed have been hampered by concern that there may have been bias in the loci sampled: nearly all proteins for which population data are available are soluble in low-salt extracts and most are enzymes belonging to particular groups such as the nonspecific esterases and phosphatases, various dehydrogenases and the enzymes of the glycolytic pathways and the citric acid cycle. Until recently, there were no techniques for estimating protein variation which were without such bias. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, however, offered hope of overcoming this bias, and it has proved useful for the resolution of proteins in crude homogenates and for estimating genetic variation. We have examined heterozygosity in a wild population of the house mouse (Mus musculus) by means of two-dimensional electrophoresis of whole kidney. As we report here, the observed level (2%) is substantially below the level detected by starch gel electrophoresis. Our results corroborate similar differences observed in Drosophila and man. PMID- 7360230 TI - Reversible events in the transduction process of photoreceptors. AB - In photoreceptors, a latency of many milliseconds elapses between the absorption of a light quantum and the occurrence of the late receptor potential, even for strong light stimuli. Surprisingly, this is much longer than the time necessary for conductance changes such as occur in membranes of neurones or muscles, mediated by chemical transmitters. There are several possible explanations for the long photoreceptor latency. (1) It may be due to properties of the visual pigment molecules. For instance, the temporal coincidence of the occurrence of metarhodospin II with the receptor signal indicates that the meta I-meta II transition might be the trigger for the electrical response in vertebrate photoreception. (2) It may be explained by properties of transport processes. Such a time consuming process could be the diffusion of an internal 'transmitter substance', which diffuses to a 'pore' in the receptor membrane. (3) A third possibility is the time needed to produce and accumulate chemical substances. The light-induced change of the visual pigment molecule might trigger a chemical reaction chain, in which the product of an earlier step triggers the next one. The experiments described here show that a considerable part of the long latency in photoreception is due to processes that are localised at the level of the visual pigment molecule. PMID- 7360231 TI - Photoreceptor signals at visual threshold. AB - Electrical responses of cone photoreceptors in the retina of the freshwater turtle have been characterised for flashes and steps of light in darkness and in the presence of background light. These intracellular measurements have been combined with the behavioural increment threshold curve to yield an estimate of 5 10 muV for the signal developed in a cone when the turtle can just detect an increment flash. The signal developed when the cones under the stimulus image are dark-adapted is of interest, for its measurement would help to explain how known physiological processes subserve visual detection for a variety of photic conditions. The effective quantal absorption of dark-adapted, red-sensitive cones of Pseudemys scripta elegans for a stimulus that the turtle can just detect is reported here. By combining this result with previous electrical measurements on red-sensitive cones of this species, an estimate of 35-70 muV is obtained for the signal developed in a dark-adapted cone at behavioural threshold. This larger signal required for detection of a flash in darkness is of particular interest in view of the recent observation that the intrinsic noise of turtle cones in darkness is larger than that of illuminated cones. PMID- 7360232 TI - Hyperpolarisation of rat peritoneal macrophages phagocytosing latex particles. AB - The changes that take place in the plasma membrane during endocytosis are still poorly understood. Studies of the electrical properties and related permeabilities of cells during pinocytosis and phagocytosis should provide insight into these changes. This approach has not been much exploited, although there have been a few relevant reports. For example, induction of pinocytosis in amoebae produces a marked decrease in plasma membrane resistance, and exposure of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to phagocytosable particles can engender alterations in ionic permeabilities. The present report demonstrates that the induction of phagocytosis in rat peritoneal macrophages is accompanied by a sustained hyperpolarisation of the cells. PMID- 7360234 TI - Pressure mounts to resume chemical weapons production. PMID- 7360233 TI - Dioxin and 2,4,5-T: what are the risks? PMID- 7360235 TI - Research agencies prepare to tighten budget belts. PMID- 7360236 TI - US company increases production ten-fold. PMID- 7360237 TI - No evidence found of link between saccharin and cancer. PMID- 7360238 TI - Drug innovation--what's slowing it down? PMID- 7360239 TI - Neural tube defects: towards prevention and understanding. PMID- 7360240 TI - More light on membrane protein mobility. PMID- 7360241 TI - Motion smear. AB - It is well known that the visual system summates signals over time, about 120 ms in daylight. Although this summation has the obvious advantage of enhancing visual sensitivity, it creates the potential problem of motion smear when viewing moving targets, whose images are also summated over time. Here I report some measurements which reveal that provided the moving target is exposed for long enough to elicit a clear sensation of motion, the amount of smear is far less than may be expected. This suggests that the visual mechanisms which signal motion are also responsible for signalling a clear unsmeared perception of the target in motion. PMID- 7360243 TI - Host genotype influences immunomodulation by interferon. AB - Interferon influences both afferent and efferent pathways of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DH) in the mouse. In animals previously sensitised to picryl chloride, sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and treated with interferon just before challenge with any of these antigens, the antigen-elicited reaction, as measured by the ear-swelling (picryl chloride) or footpad swelling (SRBC and NDV) test, is either decreased or completely inhibited, depending on the dose of interferon administered. In addition to this action on expression of the sensitised state, interferon decreases or inhibits sensitisation to SRBC or NDV when administered 24 h before immunisation. These effects were recently confirmed using electrophoretically pure mouse interferon, thus ruling out the possibility that they are caused by other proteins present in the previously used partially purified interferon preparations. For the effect on sensitisation, the timing of interferon administration is crucial, and when interferon is administered a few hours after the antigen, sensitisation can actually be enhanced, as reported here; the enhancement of sensitisation by interferon is influenced by the dose of antigen and by the genotype of the mice that are sensitised. PMID- 7360242 TI - Anaesthetics increase light emission from aequorin at constant ionised calcium. AB - The isolation by Shimomura, Johnson and Saiga of a protein, aequorin, that emits light in the presence of micromolar concentrations of ionised calcium opened up new possibilities for the study of ionised calcium inside cells. It is a relatively simple matter to introduce aequorin into large cells by microinjection, and the rate of light emission gives a direct measure of intracellular free calcium. During an investigation into the action of certain anaesthetics on squid axons, we noticed that these agents always increase the light output from intracellular aequorin. Subsequent analysis has now revealed that this does not result from a rise in ionised calcium inside the axon but seems to reflect a direct effect of the anaesthetic agent on the aequorin molecule. The agents studied all produce greater activation of the light emitting reaction at a constant level of ionised calcium. These rather simple observations have several important biological implications: (1) aequorin might be an interesting model system for studying interaction between anaesthetics and proteins, (2) other Ca-sensitive proteins might behave like aequorin, their affinity for calcium being subject to modulation, and (3) such modulation of endogenous Ca-binding proteins might contribute to the mechanism of anaesthesia. PMID- 7360244 TI - Evidence for the involvement of H1 histone phosphorylation in chromosome condensation. PMID- 7360245 TI - The relationship between coding sequences and function in haemoglobin. AB - Gilbert has suggested that the presence of intervening sequences in DNA, called introns, can speed evolution by allowing novel proteins to be constructed from the pieces of existing ones. This hypothesis further suggests that the coding sequences, called exons, correspond to functional parts of the protein. The most striking example so far is the case of the immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain, where the four polypeptide sequences corresponding to the four coding sequences form structurally and functionally distinct parts of the molecule. The relation between the three coding sequences of the beta globin gene and structure or function is not as obvious, but the central coding sequence does code for the part of the globin chain which forms the haem crevice. To further test the idea that coding sequences correspond to functional units of proteins we consider the relationship between the coding sequences of alpha and beta globin genes and the corresponding parts of the complete, tetrameric haemoglobin molecule. PMID- 7360246 TI - Is 3'-nucleotide rigid? PMID- 7360247 TI - Electron density map of chicken heart cytosol aspartate transaminase at 3.5 A resolution. AB - Aspartate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.1., Asp-transaminase) has been studied extensively, and much is now known about its physico-chemical, catalytic and other properties. X-ray studies that can provide a structural foundation for the events that occur during the transamination reaction are under way on three species of Asp-transaminase: the cytosolic enzyme from pig and chicken hearts, and the mitochondrial chicken heart enzyme. We describe here the interpretation of an electron density map of Asp-transaminase from chicken heart cytosol at 3.5 A. PMID- 7360248 TI - Information transmission in remote viewing experiments. PMID- 7360249 TI - US carcinogen regulations urged in UK. PMID- 7360250 TI - Mahler's revolutionary study. Interview by Anil Agarwal. PMID- 7360251 TI - Disposal of carcinogens. PMID- 7360252 TI - Paradoxical prolactin. PMID- 7360253 TI - Compartments, 'switches', 'programs' and vertebrate development. PMID- 7360254 TI - Chicken lens crystallin DNA sequences show at least two delta-crystallin genes. AB - Restriction analysis of chicken DNA using probes derived from a cloned cDNA and analysis of cloned genomic DNA fragments containing delta-crystallin gene sequences have indicated the presence of at least two non-allelic genes for delta crystallin, the first and principal crystallin synthesised in the embryonic chicken lens. Electron microscopic analyses of three cloned genomic fragments revealed that the delta-crystallin mRNA gene sequences are interrupted at least 14 times in one of the delta-crystallin genes. PMID- 7360255 TI - Interaction between chemoreceptive modalities of odour and irritation. AB - Inhaled vapours may stimulate both olfactory receptor cells and endings of the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nerve often contributes a pungent, irritating attribute to odours. Many odorants exhibit some pungency when dilute and most become pungent when concentrated. Because the trigeminal system commonly shares the chemosensory burden with olfaction, it is relevant to ask whether these anatomically distinct systems interact. Two obscure psychophysical observations argue for an inhibitory influence of trigeminal over olfactory activity. Katz and Talbert observed that a vapour with both odour and pungency might lose odour at high concentrations, irritation masking odour. The nineteenth century philosopher Alexander Bain, nothing that concentrated carbon dioxide (carbonic acid) evokes pungency, remarked "if a current of carbonic acid accompanies an odour, the effect (odour) is arrested" (ref. 8). We have taken up Bain's forgotten observation and used carbon dioxide to endow otherwise benign concentrations of odorant with varying degrees of pungency. The experiments reported here reveal a strong mutual interaction between pungency and odour, occurring without attenuation even when irritant enters one nostril and odorant the other. PMID- 7360256 TI - Illusory reversal of extrafoveally perceived displacement. AB - It has long been known that the temporal characteristics of human peripheral vision differ markedly from those of foveal vision. Slowly moving peripheral stimuli, for example, can give rise to dramatically exaggerated estimates of their displacement. More recently, Thorson et al. have shown that where two spots are flashed in sequence to peripheral vision with an interflash interval of 50 ms, a sensation of movement can be induced even when the spatial separation of the spots is below the static acuity threshold. These observations fit with several others, suggesting that the visual system uses separate channels for signalling 'motion' as distinct from 'change of location', and that in some circumstances the integration of motion signals may make a dominant contribution to the perception of displacement. I now report a striking illusion which seems to reinforce and extend this conclusion. PMID- 7360257 TI - Young kittens can learn complex visual pattern discriminations. AB - Kittens begin to display visually elicited responses shortly after eye opening. The pupillary reflex, optokinetic response, visual placing and avoidance of the deep side of the visual cliff all appear between the second and fifth weeks of life, and evidence of visual learning in homing behaviour has been described at the same early age. However, an attempt to elicit pattern preferences in kittens of this age (usually considered the easiest way to demonstrate discriminatory behaviour in immature organisms) was unsuccessful, evidently because such kittens show little spontaneous visual interest. This is surprising in view of electrophysiological findings which emphasise the importance of the fourth to sixth weeks in the development of cortical feature-analysing mechanisms; perhaps the stimulus-seeking methodology of Dodwell et al. is anappropriate for the visual modality at such an early age. Recently, visual acuity measurements have been reported for kittens as young as 30 d of age using a contour versus no contour discrimination on a modified Lashley jumping stand. With this technique we have now trained kittens of under 50 d of age to perform more complex pattern discriminations. PMID- 7360258 TI - Oestrogens regulate divergent effects of prolactin in the ovary. AB - Prolactin exerts well established stimulatory effects both in vitro and in vivo in the rat ovary. However, in the ovary of higher mammals, prolactin action is not well characterised, and may differ from that observed in rodents. For example, in human clinical conditions of physiological or pathological prolactin excess, ovarian function is depressed, and in isolated, human granulosa cells in vitro, prolactin seems to inhibit progesterone production. To examine direct prolactin effects in the higher mammalian ovary, we have used an in vitro porcine granulosa-cell model. In this system, prolactin action is bipotential, depending critically on the degree of granulosa-cell differentiation attained in vivo. Prolactin suppresses steroid production by cultured granulosa cells isolated from small (1-2 mm), immature follicles, but stimulates progesterone secretion by granulosa cells collected from large (greater than 6 mm) mature follicles. The present studies show that oestrogens may play an important part in regulating these divergent actions of prolactin in the ovary. PMID- 7360259 TI - Axons from CNS neurons regenerate into PNS grafts. AB - Axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) form sprouts after injury. Elongation of regenerating axonal sprouts has been observed as the exception within the adult mammalian CNS but is the rule in the PNS of mammals as well as in the CNS of some fish and amphibians. The relative importance of intrinsic neuronal properties and axonal environment in determining the extent of axonal regrowth is unknown. Neuroglial cells, nerve growth factor and target tissues such as smooth muscle are known to influence neuronal responses to injury. Here we have examined the capacity of transected axons originating in the CNS to regrow into nerve grafts containing Schwann cells. PMID- 7360260 TI - Chemical characterisation of the Fab and Fc fragments from surface immunoglobulin. PMID- 7360263 TI - Grants regulation: change urged. PMID- 7360262 TI - Antibiotics in animal feeds: health study 'may be impossible'. PMID- 7360261 TI - Mechanism of action of dietary fibre in the human colon. AB - Fibre, more than any other dietary component, affects human large bowel function, causing an increase in stool output, dilution of colonic contents, a faster rate of passage through the gut and changes in the colonic metabolism of minerals, nitrogen and bile acids. (Fibre here refers to 'dietary fibre', which comprises plant cell wall polysaccharides and lignin, and not to 'crude fibre'.) It is thought that these changes are brought about by fibre passing through the gut undigested and holding water within its cellular structure. Although the amount of water taken up in vitro varies for different types of fibre, this does not correlate in the expected way with the effects these materials have on colonic function. This is because fibre is extensively degraded in the gut, probably by the colonic microflora. Using a newly developed method modified from ruminant nutrition for isolating bacteria, we have shown that the main component of human faeces is bacteria. We have shown that the main component of human faeces is bacteria. We show here that the way in which two contrasting types of dietary fibre act in the colon depends on the extent to which they are digested. Cabbage fibre, which is extensively broken down, provides a readily usable substrate for the stimulation of microbial growth, whereas wheat fibre remains largely undigested and retains water in the gut lumen. PMID- 7360264 TI - US-Yugoslav interferon agreement. PMID- 7360265 TI - Distorting the epidemiology of cancer: the need for a more balanced overview. PMID- 7360266 TI - Monoclonal antibodies and immunity to malaria. PMID- 7360267 TI - Death and the neurone. PMID- 7360268 TI - Birds see ultraviolet light. PMID- 7360269 TI - Motoneurone counts in Xenopus frogs reared with one bilaterally-innervated hindlimb. PMID- 7360270 TI - Changes in composition and activity of microtubule-associated proteins during brain development. AB - The onsert of neuronal differentiation is characterised by intensive neurite growth; because microtubule formation is strictly required during this process, in vitro assembly of the tubulin present in the rat brain has been studied at different stages of development: the rate of assembly is very slow in the early stages and increases progressively with age from birth until adulthood. Other data also suggested that the limiting factor in the young brain is the amount or activity of one or several of the minor components which co-polymerise into microtubules with tubulin. We show here that both the composition and the activity of the microtubule-associated proteins change during the time course of rat brain development. PMID- 7360271 TI - In vivo release of acetylcholinesterase in cat substantia nigra and caudate nucleus. PMID- 7360272 TI - Distribution of membrane anionic sites on B16 melanoma variants with differing lung colonising potential. AB - The interaction of metastatic cells with their environment is mediated to a large extent by the cell surface. Although several biochemical differences between tumour cells with low or high metastatic potentials have been reported, the specific surface characteristics associated with metastasis have not yet been identified. One distinctive feature of murine B16 melanoma variants with low (B16 F1, B16-F10Lr) or high (B16-F10) lung colonisation potentials is their propensity to aggregate in vitro with other tumour cells (homotypic clumping), or with host cells (heterotypic clumping). The initial sites for membrane-membrane recognition, contact and subsequent interaction are thought to be associated with dense membrane anionic sites. In the experiments reported here we determined that the distribution of cell-surface dense anionic sites, examined ultrastructurally with the use of cationised ferritin (CF), is correlated with tumour cell aggregation in vitro and/or production of pulmonary tumour colonies following intravenous (i.v.) injection into syngeneic recipients. PMID- 7360273 TI - Peanut lectin binding properties of germinal centres of mouse lymphoid tissue. AB - Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) lectin (PNL) has been shown to agglutinate the 90% of cells from murine thymus which are supposed to be immature cortical thymocytes. Further studies on the numbers of thymocytes binding fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated PNL (FITC-PNL) confirmed the large proportion of PNL binding cells. In other organs such as bone marrow, spleen and peripheral lymph nodes, smaller proportions of PNL positive cells have been recorded. PNL-positive cells outside the thymus have been reported to be either Thy 1-positive or null cells. It has also been suggested that PNL binding may be a marker for immaturity not only in relation to T lymphocytes but also amongst haematopoietic stem cells. Thus PNL binding as an aspect of lymphocyte differentiation is a matter of considerable interest. The current study describes the distribution of horseradish peroxidase conjugated PNL (HRP-PNL) on frozen sections of mouse lymphoid organs. It seems that PNL binds to cells in germinal centres but not to those in some other areas containing activated lymphocytes. There is good correlation between the presence of PNL-binding germinal centres in frozen sections of lymphoid organs and the number of PNL-binding cells counted in cell suspensions from the same organs. PMID- 7360274 TI - Protective monoclonal antibodies recognising stage-specific merozoite antigens of a rodent malaria parasite. AB - Immunity to malaria is mediated, at least in part, by antibody. Resistance to infection has been passively transferred with immune serum or its immunoglobulin fraction in human, simian and rodent malaria. However, because of the structural and antigenic complexity of the malaria parasites, it has proved difficult to identify and characterise those parasite antigens against which protective antibody is directed. We have produced several hybrid cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium yoelii, and we now report that, of the antibodies tested, only those specific for antigens exclusive to the merozoite were protective in passive transfer experiments. Other anti-P. yoelii monoclonal antibodies, apparently recognising antigens in the membrane of the infected erythrocyte, were not protective on passive transfer. The protective monoclonal antibodies should be useful in the isolation of the important antigens of this parasite. PMID- 7360275 TI - Storage enhances chromosome damage after exposure of human leukocytes to mitomycin C. PMID- 7360277 TI - Inventorship dispute stalls DNA patent application. PMID- 7360276 TI - Enhanced excision of O6-alkylguanine in rat liver by pretreatment with acetylaminofluorene. PMID- 7360278 TI - Fishing for oncogenes. PMID- 7360279 TI - Vaccination against paramyxoviruses. PMID- 7360281 TI - Characterisation of an adrenal zona glomerulosa-stimulating component of posterior pituitary extracts as alpha-MSH. AB - The secretion of aldosterone from the zona glomerulosa of the mammalian adrenal cortex is stimulated by ACTH, potassium, angiotensin II and III, growth hormone, serotonin and E series prostaglandins. Some experimental and clinical studies suggest that additional stimulants of the zona glomerulosa must exist, possibly including pituitary factors other than ACTH. The possibility that posterior pituitary extracts may contain a zona glomerulosa stimulant was first suggested 20 years ago, but has since received little attention. We describe here the purification from posterior pituitary extracts of activities that stimulate rat glomerulosa cells and whole tissue in vitro. One of the active compounds has been identified as alpha-MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone). PMID- 7360280 TI - Transforming activity of DNA of chemically transformed and normal cells. AB - DNA fragments of chemically transformed and normal avian and murine cells induce transformation of NIH 3T3 mouse cells with low efficiencies. High molecular weight DNAs of cells transformed by DNA fragments induce transformation with high efficiencies in secondary transfection assays. It thus seems that endogenous transforming genes of uninfected cells can be activated and efficiently transmitted by transfection. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that normal cells contain genes that are capable of inducing transformation if expressed at abnormal levels. PMID- 7360282 TI - A newly identified population of presumptive microneurones in the cat retinal ganglion cell layer. AB - A large population of microneurones has recently been discovered in the rabbit retinal ganglion cell layer. These 'coronate' cells may represent a class of displaced amacrine cells. Like conventional amacrine cells they are swiftly and selectively destroyed by low concentrations of kainic acid, a neurotoxin. No similar cell has been described in the cat retina, which is reported to contain 217-260,000 neurones of classical appearance. These outnumber the 128-180,000 optic nerve fibres but it has been suggested that the excess comprise Nissl staining glial cells. We report here that, using the neurotoxic effects of kainic acid to test and confirm the neuronal nature of the classic neurone excess, a large additional population of at least 730,000 presumptive microneurones was revealed. They resemble rabbit coronate cells, do not project into the optic nerve and have been previously identified as presumed glia. Various lines of evidence for the neuronal nature of these cells is presented below, but synapses have not been demonstrated; subsequent reference to microneurones must therefore be regarded as presumptive. PMID- 7360283 TI - A role for collagen in the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy? PMID- 7360284 TI - A trans-acting factor mediates inversion of a specific DNA segment in flagellar phase variation of Salmonella. PMID- 7360285 TI - Association of lysophosphatidylcholine with fatty acids in aqueous phase to form bilayers. AB - Lysophospholipids have been implicated in a variety of physiological process. In vivo lysophospholipids are invariably produced with fatty acids as the product of hydrolysis by phospholipase A2 (ref. 2). Therefore, it is of considerable interest to examine the properties of the mixture of these lipids in aqueous suspensions. Results presented here demonstrate that a mixture of fatty acid and lysophosphatidylcholine forms a bilayer type of organisation even though the individual components form micelles when dispersed in an aqueous phase. PMID- 7360286 TI - Brillouin scattering, density and elastic properties of the lens and cornea of the eye. AB - Brillouin spectra of biological systems may ultimately be related to their intrinsic molecular properties. In some instances the optical properties may be associated with the elastic ones and ultimately with the force constants of the molecules involved. In the present work we have used a triple-pass Fabry-Perot interferometer to measure Brillouin light scattering spectra for refractive tissues of the eye, including cornea, capsule and lens. Combined with corresponding measurements of density, estimates of the real and imaginary parts M' and M'' of the longitudinal bulk modulus have been made for the first time. Measurements have extended over four classes of vertebrate: Mammalia, Aves, Pisces and Amphibia; only small differences have been found between the various samples of cornea, whereas marked differences occur between the different lenses. Hence this account concentrates largely on the latter. The implications of this work lie not so much at the ophthalmological level as at the macromolecular and offer, in conjunction with other scattering techniques, opportunities for probing the lens and its proteins topographically as a function of growth. PMID- 7360287 TI - [Glucosephosphate isomerase deficiency]. PMID- 7360289 TI - [Lipid and carbohydrate metabolic disorders and vascular disorders in gout]. PMID- 7360288 TI - [Cholecystokinin cholangiography and biliary dyskinesia]. PMID- 7360290 TI - [Cholecystokinin cholangiography and biliary dyskinesia]. PMID- 7360291 TI - [Jaw abscess and (or) ostomyelitis?]. PMID- 7360292 TI - [Side effects of methylmethacrylate bone cement]. PMID- 7360293 TI - [An epidemiological study of risk indicators for cardiovascular diseases (EPOZ). I. Blood pressure, serum cholesterol level, Quetelet-index and smoking habits in an open population aged 5 years and older]. PMID- 7360294 TI - [An epidemiological study of risk indicators for cardiovascular diseases (EPOZ). II. Incidence, case finding and treatment of hypertension in an open population]. PMID- 7360295 TI - [Bladder perforation]. PMID- 7360296 TI - Hemofiltration and plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity. AB - Plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was studied in control patients (n = 70), in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (n = 79) and in patients on maintenance hemofiltration (n = 19). DBH activity was significantly lower in patients on hemodialysis (32.4 +/- 20.6 IU) and hemofiltration (32.8 +/- 29.7 IU) than in control individuals (50.0 +/- 29.3 IU). Sequential measurements of DBH in patients on maintenance hemofiltration failed to show a fall of plasma DBH with time. 7 patients were studied during one session of hemodialysis and one session of hemofiltration. External fluid balance was identical. The change of DBH during hemodialysis and hemofiltration was not significantly different. Such rise of DBH as occurs may entirely be accounted for by hemoconcentration. PMID- 7360297 TI - Clinicopathological correlations of persistent asymptomatic proteinuria in children. AB - 36 patients with persistent asymptomatic proteinuria were studied over an average period of 2.9 years. All fulfilled the following criteria:persistent proteinuria, normal blood pressure, renal function and pyelogram, no previous nor family history of renal disease. Renal biopsy showed minimal change or diffuse proliferation of glomeruli. The disappearance of proteinuria correlated inversely with the degree of glomerular sclerosis. 12 of 14 children with minimal or no sclerosis lost their proteinuria. In contrast, in 8 of 11 patients with moderate sclerosis and in all 7 patients with marked sclerosis proteinuria persisted. Age over 16 years or heavy proteinuria with or without haematuria were indicative of marked glomerular sclerosis. The thickness of the glomerular basement increased with age. Impairment of renal function occurred in only 1 patient. PMID- 7360298 TI - Nephropathy of idiopathic multicentric osteolysis. AB - Progressive osteolysis with disappearance of the carpal and tarsal bones occurs as a rare syndrome associated with a serious nephropathy. The characteristic skeletal changes have an onset in early childhood and precede renal failure by 10 -15 years. The present case, the ninth reported in the world literature, was a 22 year-old, white female who presented with carpal and tarsal swelling at age 2. Severe hypertension and azotemia were present when the patient died of pneumonia and extracellular fluid volume depletion. At necropsy, the kidneys weighed 55 g each. Microscopy showed proliferation of vascular intima and medial hypertrophy of renal vessels of all sizes. Tubulointerstitial and glomerular changes are probably secondary to the severe vascular disease. Although similar skeletal lesions can be seen in kindred with autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance, all reported cases of nephropathy including the present one are sporadic. PMID- 7360300 TI - Renal hemodynamics in oliguric and nonoliguric acute renal failure of rabbits. AB - The role of renal hemodynamic alterations in the curtailment of renal functions was studied in uranyl acetate-induced oliguric (ORF) and nonoliguric (NORF) renal failures of rabbits. 5 days after drug injection, renal functional and morphological changes were most remarkable. A depression of Cin and elevation of serum creatinine concentration were more marked in ORF than in NORF. Renal blood flow was high as compared to controls. Cortical blood flow redistributed to the inner cortex. There was no significant difference in renal blood flow or cortical flow distribution between renal failure models. The findings suggest the minor roles of renal blood flow and cortical flow distribution in maintaining renal failure in these nephrotoxic models. Prominent tubular necrosis was found in ORF but not in NORF. Arterial inulin concentration during retrograde ureteral infusion of 14C-inulin solution was significantly high in ORF as compared to controls and NORF. However, this inulin leakage was too small to explain severely curtailed inulin clearance. PMID- 7360299 TI - Chronic uremia syndrome in dogs induced with uranyl nitrate. AB - 11 adult female dogs were given periodic intravenous injections of uranyl nitrate [UO2(NO3)2 . 6H2O] to create a syndrome of chronic uremia. Initially, dogs usually received 2.0 mg/kg of uranyl nitrate; subsequent doses were generally less. After the initial injection, there was an abrupt fall in creatinine clearance and rise in plasma urea nitrogen. Low and relatively constant creatinine clearances (10.2 +/- SD 2.7 ml/min) were easily maintained with further injections. Dogs developed proteinuria, aminoaciduria, weight loss, and plasma amino acid levels similar to those of chronically uremic humans and rats. With creatinine clearances of 4 ml/min or less, dogs became listless and lethargic, and daily activity and food intake decreased. Repeated injections of uranyl nitrate appear to be an easy and reliable method for creating a model of chronic uremia in dogs. PMID- 7360301 TI - Renal functional and organic changes induced by salt and prostaglandin inhibition in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The prolonged (3 months) effects of high sodium intake and sodium meclofenamate were studied in two groups of male spontaneously hypertensive rats. Group 1 (8 rats) received 1% NaCl in tap water ad libitum and served as control. Group 2 (8 rats) received, besides 1% NaCl in tap water, 50 micrograms/ml of sodium meclofenamate per rat daily. Renal metabolic, hemodynamic and histologic studies were done at the end of the study. The renal functional studies were performed in the unanesthetized, unrestrained state. Group 2 rats developed significantly higher arterial pressures, renal vascular resistance and histologic changes (p less than 0.005), larger left ventricular weights (p less than 0.05) and significantly lower effective renal plasma flow, renal blood flow (p less than 0.005) and glomerular filtration rate (p less than 0.05) than group 1 rats. There were no differences between the two groups of rats with respect to heart rate, hematocrit, right ventricular weight, body weight, fluid intake, urine output, sodium and potassium excretion and serum electrolytes. The results suggest that the combination of high sodium intake and prostaglandin synthesis inhibition exert a greater damaging effect on the arterial pressure and renal function of spontaneously hypertensive rats than salt alone. PMID- 7360303 TI - [Experimental inducement of saccular cerebral aneuryms in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360302 TI - [A mandible and tongue-splitting approach for an anterior decompression at C1/2 level for irreducible atlanto-axial dislocation due to multiple congenital anomalies of the cranio-vertebral junction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360304 TI - [Shunt function tests for the management of malfunctioning ventriculo-peritoneal shunts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360305 TI - [Radioisotope ventriculography for functional evaluation of the Ommaya Reservoir (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty nine patients with diagnosis of meningeal leukemia, meningeal lymphoma and leukemia having high risk of meningeal involvement were treated with intraventricular administration of chemotherapeutic drugs via Ommaya reservoir. In all of those patients, radioisotope ventriculography was always performed with ytterbium-169 diethyltriamine pentaacetic acid (169Yb-DTPA) at 1 week after placement of the Ommaya reservoir. In the patients who had normal cerebrospinal (CSF) flow, majority of the radioactivity injected moved to cisterna magna and basal cistern at 4 hours after injection and to subarachnoid space of the cortical surface at 24 hours. Two cases of ventricular catheter occlusion were diagnosed by this method. Two cases of catheter tip misplacement were suspected with computed tomography and confirmed with radioisotope ventriculography. One of the misplacement cases developed focal leukoencephalopathy possibly due to high concentration of methotrexate (MTX) in the brain adjacent to the ventricular cathter. Two cases showed delayed CSF circulation, and the doses of MTX were decreased to be half of the ordinary dose (12 mg/M2 once a week) during initial phase of the treatment. The dose was increased after successful treatment of meningeal dissemination and restoration of the normal CSF flow. Radioisotope ventriculography might be quite useful for detection of the flow of materials placed into Ommaya reservoir. Routine use of this procedure may be helpful to prevent reservoir- and drug-related complications. PMID- 7360306 TI - [A clinical survey of cerebellar astrocytoma--comparison between childhood and adult cases (author's transl)]. AB - The symptomatological investigations on 20 cases of cerebellar astocytoma were carried out. These cases, observed and treated in Hokkaido University Hospital from 1959 to 1978, were divided into two groups, such as childhood group (under 15 years old) and adult group (over 16 years old). The following conclusions were obtained: (1) The youngest was 2 years old and the oldest was 64 years old. The age distribution showed higher incidence in younger age group under the age of 30, especially in the first decade. (2) The most frequent symptoms were vomiting, headache and unsteady gait in all cases, but vomiting was constantly seen in childhood cases. (3) The average length of history in children was 2.4 months in childhood, and 17.6 months in adult cases. (4) Neurological signs on admission could be summarized as follows. The signs indicating increased intracranial pressure was most frequent, and the next common findings were ataxia of the limbs and trunk. Impairment of the cranial nerves and brainstem were uncommon. On neurological signs there was little difference between in children and in adults. (5) The total cases of complete removal of the tumor were many, but in adults there were not a few cases in which incomplete removal of the tumor was accomplished. (6) The majority of cerebellar astrocytoma were cystic and laterally placed in the cerebellum especially in children. (7) Microscopically in children, the frequent type was pilocytic astrocytoma of juvenile type. (8) The result of surgical removal of cerebellar astrocytoma was excellent, and the long term survivours were found frequently and the quality of survival was good. The follow-up results in children were better than those in adults. PMID- 7360307 TI - [Effect of longitudinal myelotomy on experimental spinal cord injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360308 TI - [Case report of paraventricular cerebral cyst of infant (author's transl)]. AB - A case of paraventricular cerebral cyst was reported. A 48-day-old infant was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery with an enlargement of head circumference. Cerebral angiography, pneumoventriculography, and computed tomography showed a cyst in the trigon of the right lateral ventricle and unilateral hydrocephalus. Right-parieto-occipital craniotomy was done. The trigone of the right lateral ventricle was opened and the wall of the cyst was subtotally removed. A partial defect of the corpus callosum and other additional cysts at the quadrigeminal region were identified. On light microscopy, the inner layer of the cyst, protruding into the lateral ventricle, consisted of columnar cells and outer part of the wall was formed of loose connective tissue and glial tissue. On electron microscopy, the cells of the cyst wall was formed of loose connective tissue and glial tissue. On electron microscopy, the cells of the cyst wall had microvilli and abnormal cilia, and desmosome was recognized. And the cells of the cyst were bordered by a continuous basement membrane. According to pathological finding, the cyst was considered to be classified as a transitional type between chroidal epithelial cyst and ependymal cyst. PMID- 7360309 TI - [Giant aneurysm--a case report with review of literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360310 TI - [Stenosis of the internal carotid artery following head injury--a case report (author's transl)]. AB - This paper reports a rare case in which a development and improvement of post traumatic stenosis of the internal cartoid artery was documented by angiographical studies. A 31-year-old male suffered from disturbance of consciousness with left hemiparesis following head trauma. On admission, plain craniograms showed fracture of the bilateral vertex and a fracture crossed the right carotid canal. Right carotid angiogram revealed that the internal carotid artery was visualized "striped" and its wall was irregular narrowing. Angiogram taken nine days after the trauma showed an improvement of the stenosis. Consciousness disturbance and neurological signs had gradually improved by the end of the fourth post traumatic month. In the follow-up angiographical study, six months after the injury, the stenosis of internal carotid artery was found greatly improved. PMID- 7360311 TI - [A case of giant aneurysm at the anterior communicating artery treated by direct surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The patient, a 54-year-old male, was suddenly attacked with severe headache and unconsciousness in March 1968. Since then he complained headache and became aware of decreased visual acuity in his right eye. He visited an ophthalmological clinic and was referred to our department of neurosurgery under the suspicion of parasellar tumor. Cerebral angiogram revealed a giant aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery. CT scan revealed a ring shape high density area about 35 mm in diameter and the center of its high density area enhanced by conray infusion. Direct operation was done and succeeded under our prolongation method of the occlusion time of cerebral arteries due to administration of 20% mannitol. Details of our operative method of giant aneurysm at the anterior communicating artery was discussed. PMID- 7360312 TI - [Consideration of the mechanisms of head injury in boxing--case report (author's transl)]. AB - A case of a boxer aged 26 years who was knocked out by a series of five punches and died in consequence after 3 days was reported. This boxing match was recorded incidentally by video recorder, so that we could consider the mechanisms of the head injury and reveal the correlation between the punches on the head and the brain damages, comparing the video-record with the autopsy findings. The post mortem examination showed that there were a slight subdural hematoma on the convex surface of the right cerebral hemisphere and a marked cerebral contusion from both frontal bases to the inside of the right temporal lobe and from the left thalamus to the upper part of the mesencephalon. Characteristically, these contusions occupied the central and anterior part of the brain. From the localization of the contusion, it was supposed that these damages were caused by the hasty twist and strain of the brain and brainstem, when the head was quickly rotated around the cervical column in horizontal direction by the punches. The analysis of the series of five punches revealed that the last two punches made the head rotate quickly from left side to right around the cervical column in horizontal direction. These result of the analysis support the inference that this rotating movement of the head brought about the damage. PMID- 7360313 TI - [Papilloma of the choroid plexus in the thrid ventricle causing hydrocephalus from over-production of cerebrospinal fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360314 TI - [Application of nuclear magnetic resonance to medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360315 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in occlusive cerebrovascular diseases--comparison with computed tomography and radioisotope cisternography (author's transl)]. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics of 15 patients with occlusive cerebrovascular diseases was studied using RI cisternography (RIC) and Metrizamide CT cisternography (CTC) and these methods were compared. RIC demonstrated RI retention in 9 patients, which was noticed in all chronic stage patients (over one month after apopletic episode). Five patients had subarachnoid block in affected cerebral hemisphere. Ventricular reflux, however, was present in only one patient. Metrizamide CTC (170 mgI/ml) showed ventricular reflux or stasis in 11 of 16 patients. Seven patients revaaled asymmetrical metrizamide filling of Sylvian fissures at 3 or 6 hours after intrathecal injection of Metrizamide. Asymmetrical demonstration of Sylvian fissure after 3 hours in 3 patients corresponded with the finding of subarachnoid block at the same side on RIC. The clinical values of CTC were emphasized on the basis of this investigation. Ventricular reflux or stasis, which indicated one of the important findings on cerebrospinal fluid flow disturbance, was easily and clearly detected. Asymmetrical metrizamide filling of Sylvian fissures at 3 hours after injection was compatible with subarachnoid block on RIC. PMID- 7360316 TI - [Hemodynamics of the cerebral arteriovenous malformations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360317 TI - [Early treatment of cervical spinal cord injuries based on post mortem pathological studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360318 TI - [Subdural abscess in infant and child (author's transl]. AB - Two cases of subdural abscess in infant and child treated with irrigation via burr holes were reported. The first case was a 1.4-year-old boy with right hemiparesis and mental retardation since severe head trauma at 9 months old. The patient with manifested with an acute onset of high fever followed by disturbance of consciousness and convulsive seizures 2.5 months prior to admission to our department. During admission in the other hospital, the diagnosis of septicemia caused by E. coli was made by blood cultures when CT scan demonstrated a huge lentiform low density area over the right hemisphere and contralateral crescent low density area. The low density area on the right side was well circumscribed by high density rim which was enhanced by contrast medium. Under the diagnosis of bilateral subdural abscess secondary to septicemia caused by E. coli, irrigation of the purulent cavity was carried out. The contralateral low density area was found to be chronic subdural effusion. The second case of 3-month-old infant who complained of high fever, neck stiffness, unconsciousness and right hemiconvulsions 8 days prior to admission. CT scan showed bilateral crescent low density areas indicating subdural effusion. Subdural punctures performed via the fontanelle revealed pus in the left subdural space and xanthocromic fluid in the right side. The low density area on CT scan was changed to the lentiform high density area circumscribed smooth high density rim during the course of the patient. The subdural abscess was treated with irrigation via burr holes. In this report, the etiology of the subdural abscess and route of infection in addition to follow up study of CT findings were presented with the literature. PMID- 7360319 TI - [A case of intracranial chordoma with a special reference to the findings in computed tomography (author's transl)]. AB - A case of chordoma was reported with a special reference to the computed tomography. A 22-year-old female, who had been in good health, was admitted to Kagoshima University Hospital on December 8, 1978 with a chief complaint of diplopia. Physical examination was nothing particular and neurologic examination revealed the left abducent nerve palsy. The labolatory findings including blood count, serum electrolytes, hormonal study, carcinoembrynonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein were within normal limits. Plain skull filsm showed a retro sellar calcification in combination with a bony erosion of the dorsum sellae and the clivus. The left vertebral arteriography and the left carotid arteriography showed a space taking lesion extended from the retro-clival to the left parasellar region. The axial CT scanning showed a round and irregular high density area consistent with calcification, at the retro-clival area, middle cranial fossa, and parasellar region in the left side, and no enhancement effect was acquired. The coronal CT appearance showed a round but discontinuous high density area like a coral reef, based on the clivus. These CT findings indicated the extension of the space taking legion, clearly. Intra-capsular removal of the tumor was performed and histologic examination confirmed the chordoma. It will be emphasized that CT scan, particularly coronal section was one of the most useful diagnostic procedure of amss of the skull base. PMID- 7360320 TI - [A case of aneurysm in the cerebral myoyamoya vessel--aneurysmal rupture during cerebral angiography and spontaneous regression of the aneurysm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360321 TI - [Pulmonary metastasis from cerebellar medulloblastoma--report of a case and review of the cases in the literature (author's transl)]. AB - A case of medulloblastoma with pulmonary metastasis was reported. The patient was a 9-year old female who was diagnosed as cerebellar medulloblastoma and treated by total removal of the tumor with adjuvant radiotherapy. The recurrence occurred and the expired 4 months after surgery. The entire clinical course was 2 1/2 years. Autopsy revealed a secondary focus of medulloblastoma in the upper lobe of right lung. No residural tumor was found in the brain. In the literature, 54 cases of extracranial metastasis of medulloblastoma was reported. Only eight of which lead metastatic deposits in the lung. We discussed the possible routes and sites of metastasis in relation to the treatment and prognosis on these cases who showed extracranial metastasis of medulloblastoma. PMID- 7360322 TI - [Acoustic neurinoma with massive hemorrhage within the tumor tissue--a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360323 TI - Lithium and chlorimipramine differentially alter bilateral asymmetry in mesostriatal serotonin metabolites and kinetic conformations of midbrain tryptophan hydroxylase with respect to tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor. PMID- 7360324 TI - Locomotor depressant action of indole aldoxime and its antagonism by d amphetamine. PMID- 7360325 TI - Beta-endorphin-like immunoactivity in the plasma of heroin addicts and normal subjects. PMID- 7360326 TI - Benzodiazepine receptors remain unchanged after chronic ethanol administration. PMID- 7360327 TI - Respones of cat dorsal raphe neurones to iontophoretically applied noradrenaline. PMID- 7360328 TI - Hypothalamic catecholamine systems in genetically obese mice (obob): decreased sensitivity to reserpine treatment. PMID- 7360329 TI - Antagonism by penicillin of gamma-aminobutyric acid depolarizations at presynaptic sites in rat olfactory cortex and cuneate nucleus in vitro. PMID- 7360330 TI - Evidence that bicuculline and picrotoxin act at separate sites to antagonize gamma-aminobutyric acid in rat cuneate nucleus. PMID- 7360331 TI - Effect of acute and chronic anticonvulsant administration on endogenous gamma hydroxybutyrate in rat brain. PMID- 7360332 TI - Enhancement of mesencephalic reticular neuronal responses to sensory stimuli with pentylenetetrazol. PMID- 7360334 TI - Effects of buprenorphine, a new narcotic agonist-antagonist analgesic on the EEG, power spectrum and behavior of the rat. PMID- 7360333 TI - Effects of apomorphine on control of breathing in rats. PMID- 7360335 TI - Enkephalin in bovine adrenal gland: multiple molecular forms of [Met5]-enkephalin immunoreactive peptides. PMID- 7360336 TI - Cetyl GABA: effect on convulsant thresholds in mice and acute toxicity. PMID- 7360337 TI - Brainstem noradrenergic system depression by cyclobenzaprine. PMID- 7360338 TI - Facilitation of the lumbar monosynaptic reflexes by locus coeruleus stimulation. PMID- 7360339 TI - [Giant fibromas of the pleura. Observations on 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 7360340 TI - [Acute torsion of the greater omentum. 3 new cases]. AB - Three cases of acute torsion of the greater omentum two unipolar in two 5-yr-old children and one bipolar in a man of 46 are reported. Correct diagnosis was impossible and never suspected in any of the patients and was only made during surgery. The postoperative course was normal in all three cases. PMID- 7360341 TI - [Penetrating abdominal wounds]. AB - 37 cases of penetrating abdominal wounds, 10 stab wounds and 27 gunshot wounds, have been examined. They are part of a total of 1856 emergency surgery operations carried out consecutively over a period of 30 months; they therefore represent 2%. The series consisted of 31 men and 6 women; average age was 31. The organs most frequently damaged were the liver, the small intestine and mesentery, the large intestine and mesocolon. Reoperation proved necessary in 7 gunshot wounds, the incidence being much higher than in all other emergency operations carried out. Mortality rate was very high (21.62%): one case of the stab wounds and seven of the gunshot wounds. In spite of the considerable overall seriousness 3 cases, 1 stab and 2 gunshot wounds, did not present visceral lesions. This leads us to agree with numerous authors who maintain that a penetrating abdominal wound is not an absolute indication for surgery but requires, like blunt abdominal injuries, individual surgical evaluation, and in some cases conservative management. PMID- 7360342 TI - [Gangrenous ischemic colitis. Presentation of 2 cases with fulminating course]. PMID- 7360343 TI - [Pyloric occlusion caused by calculi in patients with cholecysto-gastric fistula]. AB - Personal experience with a case of pyloric occlusion due to calculi in a woman with spontaneous cholecysto-gastric fistula is reported. A general picture of this rare condition is described and the clinical case and the therapy adopted are illustrated. The problems that may be encountered in formulating a precise preoperative diagnosis when the age of the patient and serious general condition do not permit routine investigations are presented. PMID- 7360345 TI - [Two-time traumatic rupture of the gallbladder]. AB - Two cases of traumatic perforation of the gallbladder following open and closed injury to the abdomen respectively are described. Their common feature was a long, oligosymptomatic free interval. A brief account is given of the aetiopathogenetic, clinical and therapeutic problems raised by cases of this kind. PMID- 7360344 TI - [Bezoar of the stomach. Clinical case report]. AB - A clinical case of bezoar of the stomach accompanied by peptic and gastric ulcer is presented. The different types of bezoar and the reasons for their formation are described, and the clinical, laparotomic and anatomopathological picture is illustrated. PMID- 7360346 TI - [A case of massive hemoperitoneum caused by spontaneous detachment of epiploic appendices]. AB - An unusual case of spontaneous detachment of the sigmoid epiploic appendix is described. The most frequently reported pathologies of these formations are reviewed. The discussion stresses the unusual clinical picture which determined the diagnostic error. Some hypotheses are also formulated on the aetiopathogenesis of ischaemia of epiploic appendices. PMID- 7360347 TI - [Non-neoplastic gastro-jejuno-colic fistula. Presentation of 3 cases]. AB - 3 cases of non-neoplastic gastrojejunocolic fistula are reported. These were treated by mass resection of the fistulous route with the stomach, small intestine and colon segments involved, followed by immediate restoral of intestinal continuity. After examining the aetiopathogenetic aspects of this disease and reporting the various therapeutic proposals, careful preoperative study is considered vital to clarify the cause of the fistula (hypervagotomy, gastrinoma, hyperparathyroidism). On this basis, surgery is then adapted to avert the danger of recurrence. PMID- 7360348 TI - [Solitary congenital cyst of the liver. Clinical and therapeutic considerations on 2 cases]. AB - A brief overview of the aetiopathogenetic aspects of non-parasitic cyst of the liver is followed by the presentation of two personal cases. Their diagnostic, anatomopathological and therapeutic features are examined, and reference is made to the treatment employed, namely partial cystectomy and derivation on an excluded loop a la Roux. It is suggested that the type of surgery employed will depend in each case on the relation of the cyst to the liver parenchyma (superficial or deep sites) and neighbouring organs. Benign forms should be treated in a not excessively destructive manner. PMID- 7360349 TI - [Renal adenocarcinoma with neoplastic thrombus in the inferior vena cava. Prognosis and operative risk]. AB - 10 cases of renal adenocarcinoma invading the lower vena cava and subjected at the Genoa urology clinic to radical nephrectomy and cavotomy, with thrombectomy or resection of the vena cava, are reviewed. Of 5 patients who did not present long-term metastasis, 2 are alive and in good condition at 30 and 64 months, one died from myocardial infarction after 34 months, and two died in the postoperative course from respectively renal insufficiency and myocardial infarction. In patients presenting long-term metastasis at the moment of surgery, results were poor: four patients died from 4 to 7 months later and only one patient, with bone metastasis, is alive after 33 months. PMID- 7360350 TI - [A case of pseudocyst of the right adrenal gland. Clinical case report]. AB - A case of pseudocyst of an asymptomatic right suprarenal gland found by chance is reported. Some aetiopathogenetic, anatomopathological and clinico-radiological aspects of the condition are discussed and, after reviewing the possible complications that may arise out of a suprarenal cyst, the value of surgery is stressed. PMID- 7360351 TI - [A case of primary echinococcosis of the breast]. AB - A case of hydatid cyst of the breast is reported. Stress is laid on its extreme rarity, the aspecificity of its symptomatology and the importance of considering this type of pathology in the differential diagnosis of cystic conditions of the breast. PMID- 7360352 TI - [Torsion of normal adnexa uteri in the prepuberal age. Description of a case]. AB - A case of torsion of the normal left-hand appendage in a girl of 7 yrs associated with sacral ectopia of the left kidney is reported. The aetiopathogenesis, symptomatology and problems involved in reaching precise preoperative diagnosis are considered and stress laid on the importance of early operation for the purpose of conserving the ovary and tube from resection. PMID- 7360353 TI - [Testicular infarct secondary to strangulated inguinal hernia in childhood]. PMID- 7360354 TI - [International symposium on neoplasms of the large intestine. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment. Ravenna, 22-23 September 1978. Introduction]. PMID- 7360355 TI - [Morphogenesis and natural history of colo-rectal adenoma]. PMID- 7360356 TI - [Plasma CEA in the early diagnosis and follow-up of tumors of the large intestine]. PMID- 7360357 TI - [Anterior resection]. PMID- 7360359 TI - [Surgical treatment of benign and transformed polyps of the large intestine]. PMID- 7360358 TI - [Endoscopic polypectomy of the large intestine]. PMID- 7360360 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of malignant neoplasms of the anal margin and canal]. AB - The Authors, on the base of their experience by the Institutes of Surgical Semeiotics at the Trieste University and of Surgical Pathology at the Padua University, report 30 cases of malignant neoplasms of the anus and the anal canal. 17 patients were males and 13 females. Pathological, clinical and diagnostic problems are discussed. The Authors stress the value of surgical therapy, consisting in a simple local excision or in a wide abdominoperineal resection in conformity with the distinctive features of every single neoplasm. The surgical strategy against nodal metastases is proposed, and the results which are obtained by combining surgery and irradiation are analysed. It is opinion of the Authors that surgical therapy is the most suitable approach for radical treatment of these neoplasms, even if early experience with multimodality therapy is promising to be a great success. PMID- 7360361 TI - [The treatment of limited cancer of the rectum by intracavitary irradiation]. PMID- 7360362 TI - [Evaluation of the 1st trials of adjuvant treatment. Future prospects]. PMID- 7360363 TI - [Evaluation of the combination of BCNU, VCR and 5-FU in the treatment of disseminated neoplasms of the large intestine]. PMID- 7360364 TI - [Current aspects of precautional therapy of colorectal neoplasms]. PMID- 7360366 TI - [Unusual double neoplastic localization in the alimentary tract. Review and presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 7360365 TI - [Examination of the colon with a double-contrast technic]. PMID- 7360367 TI - [Anesthesia in radical operations for malignant tumors of the large intestines and rectum]. PMID- 7360368 TI - [Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF), versus 5-fluorouracil, in carcinoma of the large intestine in an advanced stage]. PMID- 7360369 TI - [Whole-gut irrigation: a new method for the surgical preparation of the colon]. PMID- 7360370 TI - [Orthostatic hypotension]. PMID- 7360371 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic planning in thyroid cancer in the juvenile age]. PMID- 7360372 TI - [The role of surgery in the therapeutic management of breast carcinoma]. PMID- 7360373 TI - [Radiotherapy and surgical treatment of cervix carcinoma]. PMID- 7360374 TI - [Correlations between surgery and radiotherapy in carcinoma of the larynx]. PMID- 7360375 TI - [Combined radiotherapy and surgery in carcinomas of the larynx, cervix and breast]. PMID- 7360376 TI - [Observations on the pathology, incidence, effects of treatment and causes of death of subjects with carcinoma of the breast, uterus and larynx]. PMID- 7360377 TI - [4 cases of tricholeukocytic leukemia]. AB - The clinical, haematological, cytomorphological, cytochemical, ultrastructural, and bone marrow biopsy histological data observed in 4 cases of tricholeukocytic leukaemia are reported, along with some unusual findings. Stress is placed on the varied course of this disease and the difficulties associated with its treatment. Some criteria for the choice of therapy are also proposed. PMID- 7360378 TI - [Possibilities of surgical correction of so-called "irreparable" bile duct atresia]. AB - Atresia of the bile ducts has always been regarded as congenital. Recent clinical and experimental findings, however, suggest that it may be acquired. In the absence of a more precise definition, classification is still based on the anatomopathological distinction between forms that can and cannot be corrected. An account is given of the possibilities offered by surgery in the correction of so-called irreparable forms and the results obtained with hepatoenterostomy (Kasai's operation). PMID- 7360380 TI - [Xeroradiographic diagnosis of lipomas]. AB - The use of xeroradiography for the study of lipomas (limbs, thoracic wall, pelvic and shoulder girdles) was evaluated on 36 consecutive patients; in 16 cases (44%), histological diagnosis on the surgical specimen was also available. Xeroradiography was more effective than standard x-ray films in 13 cases of 14 submitted to both examination (93%). It allowed to evaluate in detail the size, site and relationships of lipomas as well as to establish their nature. The advantages and drawbacks of xeroradiography in each situation and for the different histological groups of lipomas are discussed. This technique is proposed as a simple and quick procedure for the preoperative diagnosis of lipomas. PMID- 7360379 TI - [Overall evaluation of the results of treatment of metastatic carcinomas of the breast with high doses of MAP combined with bromocryptin]. PMID- 7360381 TI - [The phalanges. Notes on the radiographic semeiology of osseous metabolism]. AB - The hand, and the phalanges in particular, offer a privileged observation ground for the study of some features of bone metabolism. An account is given of the cell alterations from which the various disturbances associated with osteogenesis and osteolysis can be recognized, particular attention being devoted to changes in bone density, cortex thickness, and the structure of the spongy substance. Evaluation of these three parameters will lead to the recognition of porosis, malacia, hyperosteolysis, and osteomyelosclerosis. When combined with certain clinical and laboratory data, the findings can readily be used to reach an exact diagnosis. PMID- 7360382 TI - [Endothoracic Hodgkin's disease. Description of 3 cases with predominantly endobronchial extrinsication]. AB - Three cases of endobronchial lymphogranuloma are reported. The clinical and histological aspects of lung localization of Hodgkin's disease are outlined. Special attention is paid to a case of concomitant broncho-oesophageal involvement of the lymphogranulomatous process and therapeutic problems are reviewed. PMID- 7360383 TI - [Problems of pathology caused by air pollution discussed at Turin in 2 important conventions]. PMID- 7360384 TI - [Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7360385 TI - [Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism caused by intranasal instillation of 9-alpha-fluoro prednisolone acetate. Clinico-pathogenetic considerations of a case]. PMID- 7360386 TI - [Thiadenol in the short-term treatment of patients with blood lipid disorders]. AB - Short-term treatment has been used with 5 tablets/day of BS 530 (Eulip) in 25 patients suffering from various forms of hyperlipoproteinaemia, prevalently of Fredrickson's type IV, with or without signs of general or local arteriosclerosis. The preparation was always very well tolerated and proved to act rapidly in the lowering of both cholesterolaemia and triglyceridaemia. PMID- 7360387 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of isotopic left ventriculography]. AB - A radioisotopic technique which, through the injection of 99mTc-red cell into the pulmonary artery, gives images of left ventricular chamber in RAO at first pass and in LAO at blood pool gated, has been assessed. A quantitative analysis of left ventricular wall motion was performed with semiautomatic program. The Authors report their experience with 42 patients. PMID- 7360388 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of left ventriculography with contrast media and radioisotopes]. AB - A radioisotopic technique which, through the injection of 99mTc-red cell into the pulmonary artery, gives images of left ventricular chamber in RAO at first pass and in LAO at blood pool gated, has been assessed. A quantitative analysis of left ventricular wall motion was performed with semiautomatic program. The Authors report their experience with 30 CHD patients. PMID- 7360389 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular function with polygraphic method in subjects with prior myocardial infarct. Preliminary observations]. AB - In a group of patients with previous myocardial infarction S.T.I. are evaluated by polygraphic method. In all examined patients an increment of Pre ejection period (PEP) has been observed caused by the increase of the Deformation time (Q S1). Increased values of SFW/RFW ratio are observed in dyastolic phase. The Authors, in absence of other meccanocardiographic alterations, have ascribed the anomaly to the alteration of the myocardial contraction because of previous necrosis. PMID- 7360390 TI - [The role of calcium antagonists in the treatment of arrhythmias in myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 7360391 TI - [Echocardiographic study of movements of the interventricular septum in type B Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Description of 2 cases]. AB - In the first case interventricular septum movements in a man of 65 and in one of 24, with type B W.P.W., were recorded echocardiographically. The septum described a typical expulsive "beak" movement followed by a paradoxical anterior movement during ventricular systolic ejection. In the second case, the septum gives rise in the pre-expulsive phase to a marked posterior incisure before going through its normal posterior movement in the systolic phase. Stress is laid on the aspecificity of the series of septal movements in the first case as it is common to other conditions, namely total left branch block, extrasystole originating from the night ventricle and many cases of temporary intracardial electrostimulation with floating catheter in the right ventricle. It is considered however that echocardiographic investigation in type B W.P.W. is useful in any case because, unlike surface ECG which is always the same, it offers information about the extent of the pre-excited zone. PMID- 7360392 TI - [A case of ventricular extrasystolic bigeminy in a 78-year-old diabetic treated with the use of a pacemaker]. PMID- 7360393 TI - [Myocardial infarct associated with arterial hypertension. Case studies]. AB - An examination of cases of infarct with arterial hypertension in a total series of 173 cases of infarct showed that they more commonly presented as premonitory syndromes and tended to be sited anteriorly (p less than 0.05). Such cases are best treated by reducing sympathetic hypertonia. PMID- 7360394 TI - [Clinico-electrocardiographic findings in 3 cases of blocked atrial tachycardia]. AB - Through the clinical and ECG description of three cases of atrial tachycardia with 2:1 block (T.A.B.) not linked to hypopotassaemia or intake of digitalis, attention is called to the following points: 1) T.A.B. is frequently preceded by other atrial arrhythmias (F. A., common T.P.S.V. etc.); 2) Amiodarone is useful in many cases in restoring sinus rhythm; 3) At surface ECG, T.A.B. can be distinguished, with a few exceptions, from atrial flutter with which it is often confused, essentially owing to the morphology of the P wave in normal practice, a finding that suggests the pathogenesis of the two arrhythmias is different (return arrhythmia the flutter, arrhythmia due to ectopic focus te T.A.B.); 4) the PR segment of the P wave is lengthened even without digitalis intake (as in 2 of the 3 cases described): this might be not a straightforward, chance association but an integral part of T.A.B. owing to simultaneous disturbance of A V conduction. PMID- 7360395 TI - [Clinical results of a new pre- and per-operative diagnostic procedure in biliary surgery]. PMID- 7360396 TI - [The role of intra-operative cholangiomanometry in the choice of operation in biliary surgery]. PMID- 7360397 TI - [Choice between litholytic and surgical treatment in cholesterin cholecystic calculosis]. PMID- 7360398 TI - [Effectiveness of the Le Veen valve in the cure of ascites after the concentration-reinfusion treatment of the ascitic fluid]. PMID- 7360399 TI - [New therapeutic possibility in the treatment of ascites refractory to medical treatment]. PMID- 7360400 TI - [Peritoneal-internal jugular-superior caval shunt with the Le Veen apparatus for treatment of refractory ascites. Our experience]. PMID- 7360401 TI - [Our guideline in the treatment of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 7360402 TI - [Postoperative stenosis of the principal bile duct]. PMID- 7360403 TI - [Indications, results and complications of papillostomy. Our experience]. PMID- 7360404 TI - [Long-term results of papillosphincterotomy]. PMID- 7360405 TI - [Current validity of papillosphincterotomy]. PMID- 7360406 TI - [Apropos of 1300 papillosphincterotomies performed principally in the treatment of of biliary lithiasis, from 1968 to 1978]. PMID- 7360409 TI - Alcohol-induced brain damage and its reversibility. PMID- 7360408 TI - [Hepatic metastases. Typical resection or metastasectomy?]. PMID- 7360407 TI - [Functional activity of the cirrhotic liver before and after latero-lateral portacaval anastomosis]. PMID- 7360410 TI - Protein energy intake and weight gain. PMID- 7360412 TI - The regulation of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation by malonyl-CoA and carnitine. PMID- 7360411 TI - The role of vitamin A deficiency in endemic goiter. PMID- 7360414 TI - Risk versus benefits: the future of food safety: introductory remarks. PMID- 7360413 TI - Monellin, a sweet-tasting protein, and the biochemistry of sweet taste. PMID- 7360415 TI - Urinary calcium and dietary protein. PMID- 7360417 TI - Hiring a lawyer. PMID- 7360416 TI - Adolescent pregnancy. PMID- 7360419 TI - Adolescent-parent conflict. PMID- 7360418 TI - Minor consent in birth control and abortion: Part 1. PMID- 7360420 TI - The unilateral hyperlucent lung. PMID- 7360421 TI - Health hazard appraisal. PMID- 7360422 TI - Galactosemia: an inborn error of metabolism. PMID- 7360423 TI - Teratology for the obstetrician: current status. AB - The importance of teratology to obstetrician and patient has been demonstrated by the occurrence of a number of "mini-epidemics" of anomalies caused by drug ingestion during pregnancy. The scope of the problem is discussed, and drugs are reviewed by therapeutic classification for their teratologic potential. PMID- 7360424 TI - Hydrostatic mechanism in the roll-over test. AB - The roll-over test has been reported to predict pregnancy-induced hypertension. The arm used to record blood pressure has never been specified. Since the level of the arm with reference to the heart is of great importance in the interpretation of blood pressure, we recorded the roll-over response (blood pressure change from left lateral to supine position) first in the right and then in the left arm of 9 men and 8 nonpregnant women. In addition, blood pressure was measured simultaneously in both arms in 10 pregnant primigravidas. In the men and nonpregnant women the mean diastolic blood pressure after rolling over rose when the right arm was used and fell when the left arm was used. The difference in the roll-over response (right versus left arm) was accounted for by the hydrostatic effect produced by the vertical distance between the corresponding brachial arteries with the subject in the left lateral recumbent position. In the pregnant subjects as well, there was a difference between the roll-over response in the right versus left arm, accounted for by hydrostatic factors. However, the increase in blood pressure was greater for both arms, suggesting a real change in central blood pressure. PMID- 7360425 TI - Oxytocin challenge tests and urinary estriols in the management of high-risk pregnancies. AB - Three hundred sixty-two pregnant patients at risk for placental insufficiency were evaluated with the oxytocin challenge test (OCT) and urinary estriol determinations. The perinatal mortality in patients with positive tests was 6 times higher than the perinatal mortality in patients with negative tests. Expectant treatment of patients with a positive OCT was associated with a perinatal mortality 6 times higher than if immediate delivery was accomplished. A negative stress test was reassuring, as the risk of death in utero within a week of a negative test was only 0.3%. The combination of low estriol levels and positive OCT was quite ominous, while the presence of normal estriol levels provided reassurance of good perinatal outcome when expectant treatment of a patient with a positive OCT was undertaken. The overall perinatal mortality of the patients in this study was not different from that in the general obstetric population. PMID- 7360426 TI - Influence of occiput posterior position on the fetal heart rate pattern. AB - Fetal heart rate (FHR) recordings of 138 deliveries with the fetus in the occiput posterior position (OPP) are compared with recordings of 138 control fetuses in the occiput anterior position (OAP). The 2 groups are comparable in maternal age, parity, duration of first stage of labor, frequency of nerve blocks for analgesia, and incidence of cord complications. Variable decelerations were significantly more frequent and more pronounced in the OPP group than in the controls. The number of newborns with low Apgar scores was similar in both groups, despite a large number of pronounced decelerations in the OPP group. Possible mechanisms for the origin of variable decelerations in the occiput posterior position are discussed. PMID- 7360427 TI - One thousand consecutive midtrimester amniocenteses. AB - One thousand women underwent amniocentesis as part of a prenatal investigation and were observed throughout gestation and delivery. Amniocenteses and chromosome determinations were performed at a center with great experience in these techniques. Under these conditions, the risks attached to amniocentesis are minimal, and the chromosome determinations are reliable. In this study, 21 women chose to terminate their pregnancy because the fetus was expected to have a serious abnormality. In all the cases in which the diagnosis could be investigated after legal termination, the cytogenetic diagnosis proved correct. PMID- 7360428 TI - Diagnostic and prognostic value of retinal hemorrhages in the neonate. AB - Ocular fundi of 410 newborns were examined for retinal hemorrhages within 24 hours after delivery. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the course of pregnancy and management of delivery influence the incidence of neonatal retinal hemorrhage (RH) and whether this incidence could be reduced by electronic monitoring of delivery. To assess the prognostic value of neonatal RH for future development of the child, the physical, motor, and psychologic states of 252 infants were examined 6 to 18 months following delivery. The incidence of RH was 37.3% and was not influenced by maternal age, parity, gestational age, course of pregnancy, birth weight, or electronic monitoring of delivery. The mode of delivery did influence the incidence of RH. Gesell developmental schedule showed no correlation between ocular findings and later development of the child. PMID- 7360429 TI - Time-related peripartum determinants of postpartum morbidity. AB - Five time-related peripartum events were prospectively studied in 101 high-risk, internally monitored parturients. These included the duration of labor, the duration of ruptured membranes, the number of vaginal examinations, the length of time from first vaginal examination to delivery, and the duration of internal monitoring. Seventy patients were delivered vaginally and 31 by cesarean section. Several of the time-related peripartum events were found to be individually related to postpartum morbidity. However, combined evaluation by stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that the duration of labor alone was the primary determinant of postpartum morbidity. These findings imply that the observation of a relationship between postpartum morbidity and any of several peripartum time related factors in isolation may be mediated by its relationship in time to labor duration. This suggests, in turn, that intensive labor monitoring techniques in high-risk patients would not be expected to increase postpartum morbidity above that expected from increases in labor duration alone. The results further suggest that the duration of labor may be the only time-related peripartum event useful in evaluating the risk for postpartum infection in monitored patients in labor who undergo cesarean section. PMID- 7360430 TI - Threatened abortion studied by estradiol-17 beta in serum and ultrasound. AB - One hundred women were admitted to the hospital between 7 and 18 weeks' gestation because of vaginal bleeding and threatened abortion. Serum concentration of estradiol-17 beta was determined by radioimmunoassay. Ultrasound examination using a gray-scale scanner was performed as well. The values for prediction of abortion or successful outcome of pregnancy were calculated for estradiol (E2) and ultrasound separately and in combination. Prediction of abortion from a low E2 concentration combined with an ultrasound examination showing no fetal life was found to be totally reliable. Prediction of successful outcome of pregnancy from either a normal E2 or an ultrasound examination showing fetal life, or both, was 79.5% reliable. If no signs of fetal life were found by ultrasound examination from 10 weeks' gestation on, the pregnancy was doomed. Before this gestational age, measurements of E2 in serum gave supplementary information concerning the outcome of the threatened pregnancy. PMID- 7360431 TI - Natural family planning. II. Basal body temperature and estimated time of ovulation. AB - Four points on the basal body temperatures (BBT) curve have been correlated with the estimated time of ovulation (ETO), as determined by indirect hormonal parameters, in 74 menstrual cycles from 24 subjects. Only 10 of 66 hormonally normal cycles exhibited a BBT dip (D), and the ETO ranged from D - 2 through D + 3. In 63 of 66 hormonally normal cycles, a BBT nadir (N), first day of BBT rise (F), and BBT coverline endpoint (C) were identified. In these 63 cycles, the ETO ranged from N - 5 through N + 4, F - 6 through F + 3, and C - 5 through C + 4. Biphasic curves were observed in 72 of the cycles (97.3%) and monophasic curves in 2 cycles (2.7%). In at least 5 of 74 cycles (6.8%) the BBT curve gave incorrect information on the ovulatory status of the cycle. PMID- 7360432 TI - Sexual knowledge and attitudes of adolescents: relationship to contraceptive use. PMID- 7360433 TI - Prospective follow-up of patients with hydatidiform mole. AB - Of 74 Jewish patients with histologically confirmed hydatidiform mole (HM), 37 (50%) were referred to the hospital after the 15th week of pregnancy. In only 5.4% was HM the referral diagnosis. A correct diagnosis prior to uterine evacuation was made in only 29 (39.2%), and this was mainly when the uterus was normal or larger than expected for gestational age. The percentage with urinary human chorionic gonadotropin hemagglutination inhibition titers below 100,000 U/liter was significantly smaller in those with a smaller uterus as compared with those with a uterus of normal size or larger than expected. The incidence of persistent trophoblastic disease (PTD) following HM without the use of prophylactic chemotherapy was 12.2%. Patients with a large-for-date uterus had a greater potential for this outcome. All patients with PTD responded well to treatment, which consisted mainly of chemotherapy, and remained free of disease after therapy was completed. PMID- 7360434 TI - Treatment of vaginal dysplasia and carcinoma in situ with topical 5-fluorouracil. AB - Seventeen patients, after abnormal Papanicolaou smears, were found to have vaginal lesions ranging from moderate dysplasia to carcinoma in situ. They were evaluated by colposcopy and biopsy. They were treated with topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the vagina, administered by the patient twice a day for 10 to 14 days. The outlet of the vagina and the vulva were protected with zinc oxide ointment. The patients were followed up with Papanicolaou smears, colposcopy, and biopsy as indicated; all patients have remained free of further dysplasia for 2 to 5 years. The majority of the patients had undergone irradiation for some type of genital malignancy. Topical application of 5-FU in the vagina may prove to be a useful method of therapy for patients with vaginal dysplastic lesions, especially after radiation therapy. PMID- 7360435 TI - Cryosurgery for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia during the reproductive years. AB - Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is so rampant that simpler, effective, and less costly methods of therapy are being evaluated to replace the aggressive surgical therapeutic measures of the past. Cryosurgery is one alternative method. A review is presented of 152 patients in the childbearing age group with biopsy confirmation of CIN II (moderate dysplasia) and CIN III (severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ). The persistence of CIN 3 months after therapy was deemed a treatment failure. Initial failure rates (24.2% for CIN II and 31.6% for CIN III) were high by this stringent definition. However, follow-up smears, further treatment, and a review of the literature definition of "treatment failure" lowered the failure rate to acceptable levels such that cryosurgery should be utilized in the therapy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. PMID- 7360436 TI - Serum ferritin levels in patients with cervical cancer. AB - Serum ferritin levels were determined by a radioimmunoassay (a 2-site solid-phase method). The mean ferritin level for 52 control women was 35 ng/ml, and the 2nd to 98th percentile reference intervals were 3.9 to 108 ng/ml. The upper limit of ferritin level for controls was determined to be 108 ng/ml, and the sera from cervical cancer patients were screened. In 98 patients with untreated cervical cancer, 50 (51%) had elevated levels of serum ferritin. Among 36 patients who were surgically treated and whose resected specimens were pathologically examined, 12 of 16 patients (75%) with ferritin levels above normal and 3 of 20 patients (15%) with levels below 108 ng/ml had parametrial invasion and/or lymph node metastasis. Serum ferritin levels were measured at 2- to 4-week intervals and 6 months after treatment on 21 patients with levels elevated before therapy. Ferritin levels decreased to the normal range 4 weeks after treatment in many patients, but the development of elevated levels thereafter was closely associated with a poor prognosis. Measurement of serum ferritin may be useful in predicting the extent of cancer beyond the cervix and the prognosis for cervical cancer patients. PMID- 7360437 TI - Angiomyxomas of the umbilical cord. AB - Rare benign angiomyxomatous tumors of the umbilical cord, associated with a macerated stillbirth, are described. Only 12 cases of vascular tumor of the cord have been reported and only 2 of these were associated with fetal death. The histopathology of this unusual tumor is presented together with a review of the literature. PMID- 7360438 TI - Endometrial involvement by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. AB - Two cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) with superficial extension to the endometrium are presented, and the English literature is reviewed. The concept of the radial growth phase of CIN is presented and discussed. The radial growth phase may precede the vertical or invasive phase of neoplastic growth. The possibility of endometrial involvement in CIN points to the potential hazard of not evaluating the endocervix and endometrium before treatment of cervical CIN. PMID- 7360439 TI - Quantitation of uterine activity: clinical evaluation of a new method of data presentation. AB - An on-line, automated system, voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), with digital print-out of uterine activity units (UAU) at designated intervals, has been used in clinical studies and appears reliable. A comparison was made between the VCO system and a microprocessor-controlled digital integrator system (MCDI), which displays UAUs as a bar graph every 10 minutes on the uterine activity channel of the clinical fetal monitor. PMID- 7360440 TI - Changes in thyroid function tests during danazol therapy. AB - Danazol is a synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic properties useful in treating endometriosis, especially in young infertile women. Prior to its availability for clinical use in September 1976, thyroid function studies other than thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which was normal, had not been reported. Soon after danazol began to be used in the infertility clinic to treat documented endometriosis, it was observed that changes occurred in thyroid function studies. While no patients manifested clinical evidence of hypothyroidism, all 8 patients receiving 800 mg of danazol daily for 1 to 5 months had laboratory evidence of decreased thyroid function. The triiodothyronine (T3) uptake was elevated and the total serum thyroxine (T4) was decreased. The finding that TSH and the free thyroid index (FTI) were normal confirmed that these patients were euthyroid during danazol therapy. The abnormality of thyroid function tests is believed to reflect an androgen-like reduction in thyroxine-binding protein rather than a true decrease in thyroid function or interference with the pituitary-thyroid axis. PMID- 7360441 TI - Microbial flora associated with Candida albicans vulvovaginitis. AB - The relationship between vaginal microflora Candida albicans vulvovaginitis is studied. Results obtained from 340 vaginal specimens showed an increase of isolates in the absence of C albicans for all groups of microorganisms (168%), particularly for the gram-negative bacteria (226%). A high frequency of polymicrobial vaginitis is noted, as is the probable importance of anaerobic microorganisms. Finally, some special aspects of the pathogenesis of C albicans infection are discussed. PMID- 7360442 TI - Fetal tachycardia associated with intrauterine fetal thyrotoxicosis. AB - Tachycardia in both fetuses of a twin gestation was documented in a mother who had undergone subtotal thyroidectomy 8 years prior to her present pregnancy. Maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) and amniotic fluid 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3) were determined. All values were consistent with the diagnosis of fetal thyrotoxicosis, as were cord blood studies performed on the fetuses post partum. Significant concentrations of LATS were present in fetal cord blood. The first fetus survived but suffered hyperthyroidism during the first 3 neonatal weeks. The second twin died, possibly of fetal thyrotoxicosis. These studies suggest that in women with a history of thyrotoxicosis, high levels of maternal LATS may in some instances provoke fetal thyrotoxicosis, which can be diagnosed by the measurement of amniotic fluid reverse T3. PMID- 7360443 TI - Toxoplasma gondii isolated from amniotic fluid. AB - A pregnant woman contracted toxoplasmosis from exposure to oocysts shed by cats. She underwent amniocentesis for a therapeutic abortion, and Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from the amniotic fluid and placenta. This method may be useful in determining whether the fetus is infected in cases of toxoplasmosis acquired during pregnancy. PMID- 7360444 TI - Ovarian twin pregnancy. AB - A case of ovarian twin pregnancy is reported. Three other cases have been previously reported. All 4 cases were in parous women in their thirties. PMID- 7360445 TI - Documentation of recent fetal demise with simultaneous maternal and fetal heart rate monitoring. AB - A case of recent fetal demise with maternal-fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) signal conduction is presented. Diagnosis and graphic documentation of fetal demise were made by comparison of heart tracings obtained from the maternal precordium and from the fetal scalp. Combined monitoring is suggested as a diagnostic procedure and as a method of graphic documentation. PMID- 7360446 TI - First trimester molar pregnancy: nonspecific ultrasonographic appearance. AB - Ultrasonographers and gynecologists have come to anticipate not only a high diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasonic detection of hydatidiform mole, but also that the examination will suggest specifically the correct pathologic diagnosis. Although this appears true for molar gestations examined in the second trimester, molar pregnancies detected in the first trimester do not appear to demonstrate the characteristic features necessary to diagnose this abnormality specifically. Three cases of early molar pregnancy examined in the past year with good quality gray-scale ultrasonographic units failed to demonstrate specific diagnostic findings. PMID- 7360447 TI - Papular dermatitis of pregnancy. AB - Papular dermatitis of pregnancy is a condition characterized by widespread intensely pruritic papules that show no particular anatomic predilection. These lesions may occur at any time during the pregnancy and may be associated with increased fetal wastage. The response to corticosteroids is prompt and gratifying to the patient and the physician. Therapeutic doses of prednisone have not been associated with increased fetal loss. The etiology of the condition is unknown and it may recur with subsequent pregnancies. PMID- 7360448 TI - Hemolytic anemia and pyruvate kinase deficiency in pregnancy. AB - Hemolytic anemia due to deficiency of erythrocytic pyruvate kinase is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. Pregnancy complicated by pyruvate kinase deficiency is rare; there are only 8 reported cases in the literature. A case is described that was characterized by increased hemolysis during pregnancy, requiring blood transfusions before and after delivery, and complicated by severe preeclampsia at term. Fetal and maternal outcome was successful. Increased hemolysis and favorable perinatal outcome occurred in all 8 reported cases. PMID- 7360449 TI - Postcoital pneumoperitoneum. AB - A case of postcoital pneumoperitoneum occurring 2 months after abdominal hysterectomy is presented along with a review of the literature. The authors believe this is the first reported case of postcoital pneumoperitoneum after abdominal hysterectomy. PMID- 7360450 TI - Listeria monocytogenes chorioamnionitis: diagnosis by transabdominal amniocentesis. AB - Two cases of Listeria monocytogenes chorioamnionitis are presented in which transabdominal amniocentesis was used to confirm the diagnosis and to obtain reliable intrauterine culture material free from lower genital tract contamination. The mechanisms of infection with Listeria monocytogenes in the pregnant patient are discussed. PMID- 7360451 TI - Uterus didelphys with unilateral imperforate vagina: spontaneous rupture of the vaginal septum. AB - A 13-year-old girl with abnormal vaginal bleeding was found to have uterus didelphys with unilateral imperforate vagina. A brief discussion of this rare anomaly and its treatment accompanies the case report. PMID- 7360452 TI - Ureterocele presenting as a perineal cyst. AB - A case is reported of an ectopic ureterocele presenting as a vulvar cyst in an 18 month-old female. Ectopic ureteroceles, including the anatomy, symptomatology, diagnostic work-up, and treatment, are also discussed. PMID- 7360453 TI - Endosalpingiosis. AB - Endosalpingiosis is defined as ectopic tubal epithelium and is considered homologous with endometriosis. In its usual form, the lesion is asymptomatic and has no serious prognostic associations. Recognition of endosalpingiosis, however, is important in avoiding overdiagnosis of disseminated lesions. The possibility of carcinoma--usually serous--arising primarily in a focus of endosalpingiosis is discussed. PMID- 7360456 TI - Intraductal papilloma arising in supernumerary vulvar breast tissue. AB - A case of intraductal papilloma arising in ectopic vulvar breast tissue is described. This is believed to be the first example of this lesion reported in the literature. The general clinical and pathologic features of supernumerary vulvar breast tissue, and the various breast diseases occurring at this ectopic site, are reviewed. PMID- 7360454 TI - Pelvic abscess complicating embolic therapy for control of bleeding cervical carcinoma and simultaneous radiation therapy. AB - Embolization therapy for control of bleeding has an important therapeutic role in gynecologic malignancies. This is the first report of a pelvic abscess as a sequela of embolic treatment for bleeding cervical cancer in a patient simultaneously receiving radiotherapy. Other complications of transcatheter embolizationare reviewed. Methods of preventing complications when embolization and radiation are combined are discussed. PMID- 7360457 TI - Primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the fallopian tube. AB - The first reported case of primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the fallopian tube is presented. Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube and adenosquamous lesions of the endometrium and ovary are discussed. The aggressive potential and increasing frequency of adenosquamous carcinoma in the female genital tract are emphasized. PMID- 7360455 TI - Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata. AB - The ninth documented case of leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) combined with pregnancy is presented. Light and electron microscopic studies revealed that the smaller tumors were composed partly of decidual cells and partly of fibroblasts, and the larger tumors contained cells resembling smooth muscle cells. Plasma steroid levels were determined during pregnancy. Estrogen levels were within normal range, but progesterone levels were lower than normal, resulting in relative hyperestrogenism. In the case presented, pregnancy, especially with relative hyperestrogenism, may have been a major cause of LPD. PMID- 7360458 TI - Amnionitis with intact amniotic membranes involving Streptobacillus moniliformis. AB - A 23-year-old black woman was admitted to the hospital in premature labor with intact amniotic membranes. The patient was afebrile and did not have any obvious signs of infection. Gram stain of the amniotic fluid, obtained via transabdominal amniocentesis, revealed the presence of gram-negative rods. The bacterium was identified as Streptobacillus moniliformis, the agent of rat-bite fever. PMID- 7360459 TI - Endodermal sinus tumor: report of a case associated with pregnancy. AB - The case of a 15-year-old black primigravida with an 18-week intrauterine gestation and concurrent endodermal sinus tumor is presented. Rationale for therapy is discussed. PMID- 7360460 TI - Bilateral metastatic inflammatory carcinoma in the breast from primary ovarian cancer. AB - A case of ovarian carcinoma with bilateral metastases to the breasts is presented. This is the first report of simultaneous involvement of both breasts presenting as an inflammatory tumor. Axillary lymph node enlargement preceded breast involvement. The related literature is reviewed briefly, and the unpredictable invasiveness of malignant neoplasms is emphasized. PMID- 7360461 TI - Bartholinitis--an unusual etiologic agent. AB - Streptococcus pneumoniae type 4 was isolated in pure culture from a Bartholin's gland abscess in a 26-year-old woman, gravida 3. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing this agent as a cause of bartholinitis. PMID- 7360462 TI - The problem drinker in industry. PMID- 7360463 TI - Emergency and follow-up care in the workplace. PMID- 7360464 TI - The female worker: ignored by safety device manufacturers? PMID- 7360465 TI - Aiding the 'other victims' on the job. PMID- 7360466 TI - Enhancing the roles of the occupational nurse. PMID- 7360467 TI - Industrial technology includes hazardous inhalants. PMID- 7360468 TI - Preventing accidents through 'intervention'. PMID- 7360469 TI - Clarifying the need for eyewear compliance. PMID- 7360470 TI - Hearing conservation: a program for the 80's. PMID- 7360471 TI - Combating hearing loss through worker motivation. PMID- 7360473 TI - The food industry: an FDA and USDA update. PMID- 7360472 TI - Evaluating hearing programs: the significance of race and sex. PMID- 7360474 TI - Working until 70 in the 80's. PMID- 7360475 TI - 'Constructing' recognition for female laborers. PMID- 7360476 TI - Pesticide monitoring and its implications. PMID- 7360477 TI - Lymphocyte replication in lung cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. AB - In vivo and in vitro survival and response of lymphocytes were studied in 12 lung cancer patients before, during and following radiotherapy, and comparisons were made to data from 20 healthy control subjects. Lymphocyte counts of lung cancer patients prior to radiotherapy did not differ significantly from those of control subjects. Following radiotherapy, lymphocyte counts were significantly reduced. The in vitro survival of lymphocytes from lung cancer patients prior to radiotherapy was lower than that of normal controls. Radiation treatment had no effect on lymphocyte survival in vitro. PHA-stimulated lymphoblast formation in lung cancer patients prior to radiotherapy did not differ from that of normal controls, but decreased significantly during radiotherapy. PMID- 7360478 TI - A relationship between artifical menopause, previous estrogen consumption, and estrogen receptor content of breast neoplasms: preliminary communication. AB - A history of prior total bilateral oophorectomy and exogenous estrogen use was elicited from 45 women with breast surgery for cancer, 19 of whose neoplasms were estrogen receptor (ER) positive and 26 ER negative. In the ER-positive group there was a history of oophorectomy in 0/19 and estrogen use in 3/19. In the ER negative group, corresponding values were 8/26 and 12/26 (p less than 0.05). Manipulation of the female hormonal milieu during or prior to the menopause may be related to the subsequent ER status of incident breast cancers. PMID- 7360480 TI - The Northern Israel Oncology Center. PMID- 7360479 TI - Ewing sarcoma: its course and treatment in 50 adult patients. AB - 34 patients were treated for Ewing sarcoma with primary presentation. There were 10 females and 24 males with average age of 21 years (range 16-36 years). These patients received radiotherapy (greater than 5,000 R) to the primary site and combination chemotherapy with vincristine, cyclo-hosphamide, doxorubicin and actinomycin D. Of 19 patients with primary presentation in an extremity, 12 remain alive at 29 months without clinical evidence of tumor (63%); 2 patients are alive with relapse. All 10 patients with primary presentation in the pelvis died despite vigorous treatment. 3 patients are alive out of 5 patients with primary presentation in chest or abdominal wall or axilla but only 1 patient remained tumor-free. Of the entire group of 34 patients, 12 remained tumor-free at 27 months (35%). 2 relapsed patients were rendered surgically tumor-free and receive further treatment. 20 patients died or are receiving treatment for advancing disease. 16 patients were treated for locally recurrent (1 patient) or metastatic (15 patients) Ewing sarcoma. There were 6 females and 10 males (average age 24.7 years). These patients received palliative radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, actinomycin D and dacarbazine. At 36 months, 3 patients are alive tumor-free and 1 patient is alive with stable disease. 12 patients died, 2 after temporarily achieving complete remission. PMID- 7360481 TI - Effects of the differentiating agents (inducers) dimethylacetamide, di- and tetramethylurea on epidermal tumor promotion by retinyl (vitamin A) acetate and croton oil in hamster cheek pouch. AB - The cell-differentiating agents (inducers) dimethylacetamide, dimethylurea and tetramethylurea significantly lowered the yields and/or incidences of total tumors, benign plaques, benign hyperkeratotic lesions and advanced tumors promoted by retinyl acetate or croton oil after initiation by 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. The percentage of plaques was increased by the inducers suggesting that they inhibited progression of plaques to more advanced tumors. These results suggest that topical application of inducers might have therapeutic potential in epidermal carcinoma. PMID- 7360482 TI - Incidence of circulating immune complexes in patients with lung cancer and their effect on antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. AB - Circulating immune complexes were determined in patients with lung cancer by the C1q deviation test and by column chromatography on Sepharose 6 B. Immune complexes could be demonstrated by the two different methods in 50--80% of patients' sera at the time of diagnosis. Patients with extended disease had more immune complexes than patients with limited disease. Serial determinations showed a good correlation between immune complex levels and clinical course of disease. The size of the immune complexes present in patients' sera was determined by sucrose density ultracentrifugation and by column chromatography in the region between 10 S and 30 S. Furthermore in this study no inhibition of antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by circulating immune complexes could be seen. PMID- 7360483 TI - Tumorigenesis by benzo(a)pyrene administered intracolonically. AB - Benzo(a)pyrene (BP) was administered to Swiss mice in 1 and 10 weekly intracolonic instillations at 200 microgram/g body weight. The single administration of BP induced a statistically significant incidence of malignant lymphomas and tumors of the forestomach, while its repeated instillation, evoked, in addition to these two tumor types, neoplasms in the esophagus, anus and skin. BP failed to elicit intestinal tumors, which was the main objective of the present investigation. We discuss, in light of the obtained results, the various experimental conditions under which studies were conducted of this most versatile and widely occurring carcinogen, to which a large segment of the human population is exposed. PMID- 7360484 TI - Observations on the synthesis of carcinoembryonic antigen by an established human colonic carcinoma cell line. AB - Some properties and kinetics of synthesis of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA LoVo) produced by an established human colon carcinoma cell line were analyzed. CEA-LoVo was assayed by the method of Chu and Reynoso which was standardized against the activity of the First British Standard for CEA. CEA-LoVo was stable at -20 and 4 degrees C. At 37 degrees C, CEA-LoVo degraded at the rate of 1.4%/day in cell-free supernatants, and at the rate of 6.6%/day in the supernatants of monolayer cultures. CEA-LoVo was sensitive to enzymatic treatment ( approximately 55% loss) and extraction of PCA (greater than 70% loss). The elution profile of CEA-LoVo in concanavalin A-Sepharose B coincided with that of the First British Standard for CEA. No A or B blood group antigenic activity was noted. Studies employing immunofluorescent and horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibody techniques demonstrated heavy membrane and moderate intracytoplasmic localization. The greatest amount of net synthesis occurred for cells in stationary phase while CEA-LoVo release occurred maximally in lag phase. PMID- 7360485 TI - Long-term testing of vinylidene chloride and chloroprene for carcinogenicity in rats. AB - Vinylidene chloride (VDC) monomer dissolved in olive oil was given orally to female BD IV rats (150 mg/kg body weight) on the 17th day of gestation. Their offspring were treated weekly with 50 mg/kg body weight VDC by stomach tube from the time of weaning for life span. Liver and meningeal tumours were more frequently observed in treated than in untreated animals, but the total number of tumour-bearing animals was not significantly different between treated and untreated animals. Chloroprene (CP) monomer dissolved in olive oil was given orally to female BD IV rats (100 mg/kg body weight) on the 17th day of gestation and their offspring were treated weekly with 50 mg/kg body weight by stomach tube from the time of weaning for life span. Total incidence of tumours was similar in treated and untreated animals. The data presented provide limited evidence of the carcinogenicity of VDC and no evidence of the carcinogenicity of CP when given by the oral route to rats. PMID- 7360486 TI - An evaluation of two schedules of VP-16 and adriamycin in patients with advanced breast cancer. AB - A phase II study utilizing VP-16 and adriamycin in a randomized fashion tested the concept of synchronization of the drugs in treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Although there was a trend in median survival following the synchronized schedule, there was no significant difference in survival or progression-free intervals. The concept of synchronization was not established. PMID- 7360487 TI - Circulating immune complexes in patients with neoplastic disorders. AB - A group of 100 patients with various neoplastic disorders and 25 healty subjects were studied by the 125I-Clq and 125I-mRF inhibition tests for the presence of circulating immune complexes in the sera. The presence of circulating immune complexes was detected in 32 and 23% of the 100 patients by the 125I-Clq inhibition test and 125I-mRF inhibition test, respectively. A discrepancy between the two radioimmunoassays in cancer sera may suggest a possibility of the occurrence of quantatively different types of circulating immune complexes in neoplastic disorders. PMID- 7360489 TI - Further experience with rezoxane (ICRF 159; -- NSC --129943) in treating Kaposi's sarcoma. AB - 47 patients with histologically proven Kaposi's sarcoma were treated with multiple courses of Rezoxane (each course: 1 g/m2/day for 3 days) orally. The overall response was 57% with 20% achieving complete response. The median remission duration of the complete responders is 12 months (range 2--26) with 6 still having sustained complete remissions. Most of the responders were patients with nodular mixed type of Kaposi's sarcoma. The toxicity was minimal and was mainly leukopenia, alopecia and gastrointestinal disturbance. Rezoxane is a useful safe drug and easy to administer to patients with Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 7360488 TI - Pharmacokinetic approach to in vitro testing of ovarian cancer cell sensitivity. AB - Cell populations obtained from ovarian cancer specimens were seeded in primary culture and morphologically identified as cancer cells. Methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, 5-fluorouracil, antinomycin D, melphalan, and adriamycin were added to the culture medium at different concentrations and for various periods of time. The results are discussed in relation to the pharmacokinetic availability of drugs in the plasma compartment of patients treated by different therapuetic regimens. Totally inactive drugs can be identified by comparing plasma levels with active concentrations while for drugs active in vitro at concentrations in the range of pharmacokinetic levels, the percentage of responders among patients might be explained by the intrinsic variability of cancer cells. PMID- 7360490 TI - The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute of Oncology in Poland. PMID- 7360491 TI - Experimental surgery of the eye. PMID- 7360492 TI - Localization of intraocular foreign bodies by computed tomography. AB - An experimental model is presented and the smallest sized metal intraocular foreign body that could be accurately detected by computed tomography was found to be 1 mm in diameter. A 1/2-mm intraocular foreign body was not detected by the computed tomography scan. Computed tomography is an effective method for the precise localization of intraocular foreign bodies. PMID- 7360493 TI - Enucleation with stabilization of intraocular pressure in the treatment of uveal melanomas. AB - The standard surgical technique for enucleation of an eye containing a malignant melanoma of the uvea elevates intraocular pressure markedly and may thereby disseminate tumor cells and cause death. It is possible to enucleate an eye bear a malignant melanoma of the choroid without elevating intraocular pressure to more than 27 mm/Hg by employing a manometric intraocular pressure regulating system and the adjustable cryo-ring. The value of this method of enucleation in diminishing tumor deaths remains unknown. PMID- 7360494 TI - Preventable problems following the Fasanella-Servat procedure. AB - While the Fasanella-Servat Procedure is a reliable and technically simple operation, less than optimal results are frequently encountered. Proper patient selection, adequate patient evaluation, and meticulous surgical technique are as essential in this procedure as they are in more involved ophthalmic plastic procedures. PMID- 7360495 TI - Symposium on the child's hip. PMID- 7360496 TI - The Chiari pelvic sliding osteotomy. AB - The Chiari pelvic osteotomy deserves better than the rather damning description of "salvage procedure." Although it cannot be regarded as a physiologic reconstructive procedure because hyaline articular cartilage is not brought over the femoral head, it nvertheless has unique advantages and specific indications. The procedure is entirely extra-articular, and the tissue (largely new bone) that forms between the displaced ilium above and the capsule of the joint below has the capability of adapting to irregularities in the femoral head. This provides the operation with flexibility of application and it may be used when acetabular rotation procedures are contraindicated. It is most effective in containing coxa magna and the moderately distorted, exposed femoral head. Because it success does not depend upon the shape of the acetabulum, it finds a further important role in containing the femoral head in conditions of acetabular dysplasia. The Chiari pelvic osteotomy must be performed accurately and with due care. When applied correctly, it has specific and important roles in the management of many difficult conditions of the hip joint. PMID- 7360497 TI - Legg-Calve-Perthes disease: treatment and prognosis. AB - Our experience in the treatment of Legg-Perthes disease using non-containment, containment, and surgical treatment supports the concept that containment is a key factor in the treatment of Legg-Perthes disease. Patients without excessive lateral extrusion or other signs of "head at risk" and half or more of the femoral head involved probably can be treated for short periods of time in an abduction orthosis. If less than half the femoral head is involved but lateral extrusion is minimal, a period of traction to obtain range of motion and decrease the synovitis may be sufficient treatment. In the more severely involved heads that show the poor prognostic signs of excessive lateral extrusion, bed rest in addition to abduction may statistically offer the best chances for a good result. For patients with severe involvement and excessive lateral extrusion of the femoral head, intertrochanteric osteotomy gave us a better percentage of good results than treatment with abduction and weight bearing. Our intertrochanteric osteotomy series results were comparable to those in the Katz and Brotherton and McKibbin patients treated by abduction and nonweight bearing. Regardless of the method of treatment chosen for a specific patient, it is essential that a good range of motion be obtained and maintained throughout the course of treatment. If this is successfully done, regardless of other factors, the outcome should be satisfactory. PMID- 7360498 TI - Cheilectomy of the hip. AB - Cheilectomy is an excellent procedure for salvaging decompensated hips in childred aged 10 to 14 years when certain indicators are present: coxa magna and plana, a completely ossified epiphysis, an open physis, and a well preserved cartilage space. Accurate assessment in these cases is extremely important, since a combination of surgical procedures may be necessary. The cheilectomy will correct deformities of the femoral head only; if inadequacies exist in the acetabulum, a pelvic osteotomy must be performedwhile transfer of the greater trochanter is required when the trochanter exhibits cephalad movement or the femoral neck is short. Postoperative treatment is the most critical element of the process, requiring careful and thorough evaluation of results and immediate attention to any loss in the patient's range of motion. Although the relative newness of the procedure presently makes impossible any claims about its permanent efficacy, follow-up reports in patients who have undergone the surgery indicate that the cheilectomy can yield long term beneficial results. And in the decompensated hip, even if the problems are alleviated for only a 10 to 15 year period, the surgery has been worthwhile. PMID- 7360499 TI - Progress in the management of the paralytic hip in myelomeningocele. AB - 1. The primary aim of management at the hip joint in the patient with myelomeningocele is the prevention and correction of deformity, usually a flexion deformity. 2. It is necessary to treat both flexion deformity and the causative muscle imbalance; correction of this imbalance will also prevent subsequent dislocation of the lip. 3. The psoas tendon is generally excised; transfer is reserved for a few children with excellent walking potential and a good prognosis from all viewpoints. 4. Flexion deformity is treated by a soft tissue release procedure (for children under the age of eight years and for deformities of less than 45 degrees) or extension osteotomy. 5. Hip dislocation is seldom treated if it is bilateral. Whether to treat dislocation depends also on the potential of the child and the degree of dislocation. PMID- 7360500 TI - The biomechanics of the pediatric hip. AB - Containment refers to the relationship of the most lateral part of the femoral epiphysis to the lip of the acetabulum. Congruence refers to the relation between articular surfaces, but is not as useful a concept as sphericity. Coverage refers to the relationship of the lateral lip of the acetabulum to the resultant force across the hip joint and in most cases is best estimated by the center-edge angle. Femoral heads can be well contained but poorly covered and vice versa. Appreciation of these three concepts is important, not only in considering treatment of the pediatric hip but also in communicating with one's colleagues. Varus osteotomy redirects muscle forces about the hip and improves containment. The innominate osteotomy has these effects also but in addition improves coverage. PMID- 7360501 TI - Evaluation of treatment of hip subluxation in myelomeningocele by intertrochanteric varus derotation femoral osteotomy. AB - A retrospective study of 27 subluxed hips was carried out in 18 patients with myelomeningocele treated by varus derotation intertrochanteric osteotomy. Twenty three of the 27 hips were stable at follow-up review. The causes of failure were related to the presence of pelvic obliquity secondary to scoliosis or to a dysplastic acetabulum (acetabular index above 25 to 30 degrees). Transfer of the iliopsoas tendon was not found to be necessary in order to achieve stable reduction. PMID- 7360502 TI - Medial femoral torsion. AB - 1. Medial femoral torsion is a common benign, spontaneously resolving deformity of childhood. 2. Nonoperative treatment is ineffective and therefore inappropriate. 3. It is fortunate that surgical correction is rarely necessary, for it carries significant risks of complications. 4. Severe medial femoral torsion is rare but carries the potential for disability. Surgery is the only method of correction, and should be undertaken only for serious persisting disability, not for prophylaxis. PMID- 7360503 TI - Management of acquired dislocation of the hip in septic arthritis. PMID- 7360504 TI - Hemophilic arthropathy of the hip. PMID- 7360505 TI - The hip in cerebral palsy. AB - Orthopedic surgery can alleviate the hip flexion, adduction, and medial rotation deformities of the hip and improve the function and appearance of gait. To accomplish this, however, careful examination and prudence in the operative procedure to avoid overdoing and overcorrecting are important. Orthopedic surgery can prevent subluxation and dislocation of the hip before the age of seven years, and consequently repetitive radiographic examinations of the hip in children who have spastic paralysis of the hip musculature should be a routine procedure. Subluxation and dislocation of the hip, when established, can be successfully treated with orthopedic surgical procedures. Physicians must keep in mind that the spastic paralysis of cerebral palsy originates in the brain, and therefore the spasticity cannot be eliminated. The best that can be done is to weaken or remove some muscles as deforming forces and to achieve compromises for continued function. The goal should be optimal independence for the child and adolescent during development, and freedom from pain with deteriorating function due to degenerative arthritis in the adult. PMID- 7360506 TI - No fault auto insurance no panacea. PMID- 7360507 TI - Blue shield payment mechanism explained. PMID- 7360508 TI - Sarcoidosis: rare cause of superior vena caval obstruction. PMID- 7360509 TI - Surgically proven accuracy of cholecystoechography. PMID- 7360510 TI - The infants of adolescent mothers. PMID- 7360511 TI - Contraception in adolescence: an overview for the pediatrician. PMID- 7360513 TI - A pediatrician's view. PMID- 7360512 TI - Adolescent parenting: potential for child abuse and neglect? PMID- 7360514 TI - Medical and psychosocial risks of pregnancy and childbearing during adolescence. PMID- 7360515 TI - Nutritional needs of the pregnancy adolescent. PMID- 7360516 TI - Time course of closure of the ductus venosus in the newborn lamb. AB - The present study was designed to obtain quantitative data on the extent of portocaval shunting and the time course of closure of the ductus venosus in newborn lambs. Experiments were conducted on eight newborn lambs prepared with chronic portal catheters. The time course of the postnatal closure of the ductus venosus was determined by following the distribution of radiolabelled microspheres injected into the lamb's portal vein 24, 48, 96, and 168 hr after birth. The fraction of the portal blood flow which bypassed the liver was highly variable. In some animals, the ductus venosus was almost completely closed when the first microspheres were injected 24 hr after birth. In others, almost 40% of the portal blood flow bypassed the hepatic circulation at this time. On average, only 77% of the portal blood flow was directed to the liver in the 1-day lambs. In most cases, closure had occurred by 48 hr after birth, but some animals continued to divert a significant fraction of the portal flow away from the hepatic circulation. PMID- 7360517 TI - Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (glutaric aciduria type II) with transient hypersarcosinemia and sarcosinuria; possible inherited deficiency of an electron transfer flavoprotein. AB - When amino acids were infused at a rate of 4 g/kg/day, an infant with hypoglycemia, metabolic acidemia and chronic regurgitation showed hypersarcosinemia and excreted abnormal amounts of sarcosine, isovalerylglycine, isobutyrylglycine, alpha-methylbutyrylglycine, and beta-hydroxyisovaleric, glutaric, alpha-hydroxyglutaric, methylsuccinic, and alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acids in urine. On all other occasions, when protein intake was lower and lipid intake higher, urine organic acids were dominated by methylsuccinic, ethylmalonic, and alpha-hydroxyglutaric acids, and hypersarcosinemia was absent. Autopsy showed severe fatty changes in liver, kidneys, and skeletal muscle. A previous female sibling had died with similar autopsy findings at 4 days of age. While activity of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase was completely deficient in liver and almost completely so in kidney, it was normal in cultured fibroblasts in the presence of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and only marginally low in its absence. Incorporation of D-(2-14C) riboflavin into flavin mononucleotides (FMN) and FAD by kidney tissue was normal. The authors conclude that this disorder is not due to generalized deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase or to a defect in FAD synthesis. The amino and organic acid abnormalities noted are most consistent with a defect in the flavoprotein which transfers electrons from the FAD of sarcosine and acyl-CoA dehydrogenases into the respiratory chain, although a defect in intercompartmental transfer of C4--5 acyl CoA esters across cell membranes is not excluded. The variability of the organic aciduria, which possibly reflects changes in protein and fat intake, suggests that a previous name for this disorder, i.e., glutaric aciduria type II, is inappropriate and should be replaced, perhaps by "multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency." PMID- 7360518 TI - Pulmonary uptake of liposomal phosphatidylcholine. AB - Liposomes prepared with phosphatidylcholine (PC) labeled with [1-14C]-dipalmitoyl PC, dicetylphosphate, cholesterol (molar ratio 7:2:1) were injected into the right ear vein of 2-month-old male rabbits. At 5, 60, and 120 min after injection, organs were removed and analyzed for [14C]-PC. Lung, liver, and spleen took up the [14C]-PC by 5 min. Spleen accumulation of [14C]-PC increased steadily, liver plateaued from 1--2 hr, and lung fell rapidly. The uptake of liposomal [14C]-PC by lung and liver was dependent on the concentration of iv injected liposomal [14C]-PC. All lung subcellular fractions (lamellar bodies, mitochondria, and microsomes) took up [14C]-PC. Lamellar body [14C]-PC was highest at 5 min, and then decreased. Still, on a nmole/mg protein basis, uptake of [14C]-PC by lamellar bodies was higher than other organelle fractions. Of the radioactivity in lung, 95% was [14C]-PC even after 2 hr, whereas by 1 hr, 28% of liposomal PC absorbed by liver had been degraded. PMID- 7360519 TI - Sequential effects of acute meconium obstruction on pulmonary function. AB - The relationship between pulmonary function and the migration of meconium to distal airways was determined in 10 rabbits (mean weight 2.6 kg) after insufflation of a meconium-saline mixture (1--2 ml/kg). Animals were anesthetized, cannulated, intubated, and mechanically ventilated with 100% oxygen. Lung mechanical dysfunction was most severe during the early phase of meconium migration, 15 min postinsufflation. Substantial increases in inspiratory lung resistance (RI) and expiratory lung resistance (RE) suggest that the site of obstruction at 15 min was the large airways. A decrease in dynamic lung compliance with unchanged static compliance characterizes the obstruction as partial. At 15 min and throughout the migration process, RE was greater than RI, demonstrating a check-valve effect. This phenomenon was substantiated by an increased functional residual capacity (FRC) in all rabbits, presumably due to gas trapping. Secondary to these changes, marked hypoxemia, hypercapnea, and acidosis developed in spite of assisted ventilation with 100% oxygen. At 60 and 120 min postinsufflation, both RI and RE decreased as compared to 15 min. This suggests that the predominant site of obstruction shifted to medium and small airways concomitant with the migration of meconium. Widespread and uneven distribution of meconium still produced significant frequency dependence of lung compliance. Static compliance remained unchanged, indicating that meconium does not affect surface-active or tissue properties of the lung within 120 min postinsufflation. These data suggest that effective respiratory management after meconium aspiration is dependent on the degree of meconium migration, as reflected by pulmonary mechanics. PMID- 7360520 TI - Plasma levels of aldosterone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, cortisol, and cortisone during infancy and childhood. AB - Plasma aldosterone (A), corticosterone (B), deoxycorticosterone (DOC), progesterone (P), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), cortisol (F), and cortisone (E) were measured simultaneously by specific radioimmunoassays in small plasma samples obtained from 174 normal infants and children between 2 hr and 15 yr of age. The significantly elevated neonatal mean levels (ng/ml) of 2.5 (A), 4.1 (DOC), 53.0 (P), and 6.6 (17-OHP) dropped significantly during infancy reaching prepubertal levels between 3 months and 3 yr of age, with a transient, significant DOC increase between 1--7 yr. The glucocorticoids F andB declined significantly from means of 68 and 4.4 to 11.4 and 0.28 ng/ml, respectively, during the first weeks of life, then increased significantly reaching adult levels between 1--3 yr of age. Mean E fell progressively from 74 ng/ml after birth to 10 ng/ml during 1--5 yr (P less than 0.0001), then slightly increased to adult levels. After age 7 yr, P and 17-OHP, in contrast to the other steroids, rose significantly in both boys and girls relative to pubertal development. The observed changes are thought to be due to (1) adaptation of the adrenal neocortex to extrauterine life after disruption of the fetoplacental unit, (2) a physiologic lack of corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) during infancy due to maturation of hepatic CBG biosynthesis, (3) the functional immaturity of the infant kidney compensated by an increased activity of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, and (4) gradually increasing gonadal secretion of progestins during puberty. PMID- 7360521 TI - Phospholipid synthesis in lung slices from fetuses of alloxan diabetic rabbits. AB - To investigate the effect of maternal diabetes on pulmonary phospholipid metabolism, we studied fetuses of rabbit does made diabetic with alloxan. Incorporation of radiolabeled choline into total and saturated phosphatidylcholine was measured in vitro in lung slices from 27.5 days gestation fetuses. No difference in choline incorporation was found between the diabetic and control groups even when disaturated phosphatidylcholine was measured. It was concluded that the previously described physiologic differences (i.e., decreases in lung deflation stability and surface activity of lung lavage) between fetuses of alloxan-diabetic and control rabbits must be due to some mechanism other than imparied phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis by the choline incorporation pathway. PMID- 7360522 TI - Lipoprotein metabolism in nephrotic syndrome in childhood. AB - In nine patients with proteinuric nephrotic syndrome (NS), significant negative correlations were shown between plasma albumin and cholesterol (r=-0.85, p less than 0.005) and between plasma albumin and low density lipoprotein (LDL) apoprotein B (ApoB) (r=-0.84, p less than 0.005), whereas there was no such correlation in ten matched ntrol patients. LDL-ApoB (182.8 +/141.2 MG/DL), cholesterol (249.3 +/-190.2 mg/dl) and triglycerides (40.8 +/- 23.5 mg/dl) were all elevated above controls. Control values: LDL-ApoB: 75.4 +/-25.0 mg/dl, cholesterol: ll9.3 +/-27.6 mg/dl and -triglycerides: 29.2-17.9 mg/dl. The patients with proteinuric NS also exhibited a negative correlation between plasma triglyceride levels and plasma lipoprotein lipaseactiveiy (r=-0.79, p less than 0.02), which was not observed in controls. The hepatic triglycerice lipase (H TGL) showed a mean activity of 22.2 +/- 10.7 mumol/ml FFA, which was not different form the control value of 21.2 +/-3.9 mumol/ml FFA. Not only LDL cholesterol values were elevated in the patients with proteinuric NS, but high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol as well. HDL-cholesterol in proteinuric NS: 68.6 +/- 29.0 mg/dl, controls: 45.7 +/- 8.5 mg/dl. Twelve patients with NS in remission showed no correlation between plasma albumin and cholesterol and plasma albumin and LDL-ApoB respectively. The concentrations of LDL-ApoB (92.2 +/- 24.5 mg/dl),-cholesterol (121.7 +/- 37.1 mg/dl) and -triglycerides (28.9 +/-18.9 mg/dl) were within the normal range. No significan correlation was found between plasma triglyceride levels and plasma lipoprotein lipase activity (r=0.38, p greater than 0.2), and H-TGL activity, at 24.1 +/-9.3 mumol/ml FFA, was not different from control. In contrast to the complete normalization of LDL cholesterol level, the HDL-cholesterol level remained slightly above control (HDL cholesterol: 57.0 +/- 17.6 mg/dl). The hyperlipoproteinaemia in NS represents a combination of an increasents a combination of an increased hepatic lipoprotein synthesis and a decreased catabolism of triglyceride rich lipoproteins as indicated by an insufficiency of the lipoprotein lipase. The simultaneous elevation of LDL- and HDL-cholesterol suggests at most a moderate degree of atherogeneity of the hyperlipoproteinemia in NS. PMID- 7360523 TI - Androgen receptors and metabolism in cultured human fetal fibroblasts. AB - Testosterone metabolism and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) receptor activity were studied in fibroblasts cultured from genital and non-genital tissues of 8- to 22 week old human fetuses. As early as the eighth week of gestation, DHT receptor activity was detected in non-genital skin. The binding capacity (Bmax) was greater in genital skin fibroblasts (mean +/- SD = 474 +/- 32 moles x 10- 18/micrograms DNA) than non-genital skin (mean +/- SD = 124 +/- 42 moles x 10( 18)/micrograms DNA). DHT receptor binding (Bmax) was found in fibroblasts derived from testes (112 moles x 10(-18)/micrograms DNA), but not intestine (less than 10 moles x 10(-18)/micrograms DNA). The DHT receptor activity of fetal skin fibroblasts of genital origin was similar to that of fibroblasts derived from the foreskin of normal newborns. DHT receptors from fetal and newborn fibroblast cultures had similar sedimentation coefficients in sucrose density gradient centrifugation, but there were small differences in their relative affinities for 17 beta-estradiol and cyproterone. Low, but detectable 5 alpha-reductase activity was observed at 8 weeks gestation in non-genital skin fibroblasts and was present in fibroblasts from a variety of tissues of older fetuses, including testes, kidneys and lungs. The highest 5 alpha-reductase activity of 210 pg/hour/micrograms DNA was found in fibroblasts cultured from clitoral tissue from a 10-week old fetus. In all but one specimen, the 5 alpha-reduced products were either DHT or 5 alpha-androstanedione. The demonstration of 5 alpha reductase activity and specific DHT receptors in fetal tissues suggests that the intracellular mechanism for androgen action is present in the fetus, similar to that after birth. PMID- 7360524 TI - Cystinuria: reduced lysine permeability at the brush border of intestinal membrane cells. AB - Na-dependent L-lysine epithelial transport was assessed in vitro by measuring the intracellular accumulation and unidirectional influx across the enterocyte brush border membrane. Pieces of jejunum were obtained by peroral biopsies from 27 "control" children and 2 cystinuric patients. In these patients, the following observations are recorded: 1) Na-dependent lysine intracellular accumulation is eliminated; 2) Na-independent accumulation persists (the accumulation ratio is 1.69 +/- 0.34); 3) Na-intracellular concentration is significantly higher in cystinuric patients (60.2 +/- 4.2 mEq/liter) than in controls (42.0 +/- 4.2 mEq/liter), and 4) lysine influx at the luminal membrane is measurable only in tracer amounts, both in the presence of Na (0.17 +/- 0.03 mumole/h cm2) and in it absence (0.22 +/- 0.09 mumole/h cm2). These results suggest a specific loss of Na dependent L-lysine transport at the luminal membrane of the enterocyte in both the patients with cystinuria. The basolateral membrane is probably permeable to L lysine. PMID- 7360526 TI - Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in children: a report of thirteen cases and a review of the literature. AB - The clinical course and outcome of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) of variable etiology are not well defined in children. The present investigation reports on the clinical characteristics, the course and outcome, as well as the results of treatment of 13 children with apparent postinfectious RPGN. Three of 7 patients with documented streptococcal RPGN and 3 of 6 patients with RPGN of nonstreptococcal etiology progressed to chronic renal failure. In some patients, anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy appear to have improved survival. The severity of crescent formation, not the presumable etiology, appears to be a reliable prognosticator. PMID- 7360525 TI - Removal of cholesterol from blood by affinity binding to heparin-agarose: evaluation on treatment in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - Extracorporeal removal of cholesterol from blood with heparin-agarose conjugates was studied as a means of reducing the plasma cholesterol concentration in two patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Both patients were treated in an outpatient clinic. Patient 1 underwent two separate courses of treatment; during the first course of eight treatments, the plasma cholesterol concentration decreased by a maximum of 54% (from 811-370 mg/dl). The six treatments in the second course resulted in a 35% reduction of plasma cholesterol (from 939--632 mg/dl). In patient two, 12 consecutive treatments resulted in a 56% decrease in the concentration of plasma cholesterol (from 768--298 mg/dl). Repetitive treatments in both patients resulted in a new "steady state" with circulating cholesterol levels lower than the pretreatment baseline value. The decrease in plasma cholesterol is mainly due to the removal of low density lipoproteins. The circulating level of high density lipoproteins is unaffected by the treatment. The treatment has no effect on the chemical composition of both low and high density lipoproteins. The extracorporeal treatment of blood with heparin-agarose was well tolerated by both patients and there were no undesirable effects. The effectiveness and simplicity of the present approach makes it attractive as a possible mode of therapy for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 7360527 TI - Electrokinetic analysis of the fetal erythrocyte membrane after trypsin digestion. AB - Treatment of intact erythrocytes with trypsin (TRY) produced a significant difference (P less than 0.001) in electrophoretic mobility (EM) of fetal and adult cells. The greater net negative charge of the fetal red blood cells (RBC) at the "new-electrokinetic surface" generated by TRY was further analyzed with cell-electrophoretic measurements combined with various enzymatic and chemical reactions. Formaldehyde or diazonium reaction known to eliminate positive (NH2) groups increased the net negativity of the TRY-digested adult and fetal RBC in the same extent leaving the distance between the EM values unchanged. When the TRY digestion was followed by neuraminidase (NASE) reatment, the decrease in EM of both types of erythrocytes was of the same magnitude, and the distance between the EM values of the TRY-treated fetal and adult RBC remained unchanged, too. Phospholipase-C (PLC) digestion performed after TRY treatment did not cause any change in EM, Either in adult or in fetal RBC. The results show that the greater net negativity of the fetal RBC surface after TRY digestion can be attributed to neither less positive (NH2) groups, nor more sialic acid or phosphoric acid molecules existing at the new electrokinetic surface. It is suggested that the fetal RBC membrane may possess more acidic amino acid exposed to the outside, when TRY liberates sialoglycoprotein from the outer surface of the membrane. PMID- 7360528 TI - Decreased phytohemagglutinin-induced aggregation and C5a-induced chemotaxis of human newborn neutrophils. AB - Phytohemmagglutinin (PHA)-induced lectin aggregation, chemotactic response to C5a, and random migration were measured on paired samples of neutrophils obtained from human peripheral blood and cord blood of normal newborn infants. The mean aggregation rate (+/- 1 SD) of adult neutrophils with PHA was 16.8 +/- 4.4 vs. 12.0 +/- 3.6 for newborn neutrophils (P less than 0.005), and the mean percent aggregation of adult neutrophils was 56.2 +/- 9.2 vs. 45.6 +/- 8.3 for newborn neutrophils (P less than 0.005). Exposure to newborn plasma had no affect on adult neutrophil aggregation. Whereas vinblastine (VBL) decreased both the percent and rate of PHA-induced adult neutrophil aggregation, only the rate of newborn neutrophil aggregation was reduced by VBL. Newborn neutrophil chemotactic response to C5a, was reduced by 80% (P less than 0.0025), and showed a positive correlation with percent PHA-induced aggregation (r = 0.6037, P less than 0.05). On the other hand, random migration was not significantly reduced and did not correlate with PHA-induced aggregation. These observations suggest that the decreased chemotactic responsiveness of newborn neutrophils may be due to developmental membrane differences which adversely affect the number and/or availability of C5a resceptors. Lectin-induced aggregation studies of other chemotactic defects may identify similar differences. PMID- 7360529 TI - The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a useful diagnostic tool in the intensive care nursery. AB - We present normative data on the auditory brainstem response (ABR) derived from 91 premature infants, and illustrate a simple procedure that uses deviations from these norms to differentiate a hearing disorder from a neurological disorder involving the brainstem. In an infant intensive care unit the procedure identified 11 patients with hearing disorder, 3 with neurological problems, and 3 with both disorders. Serial measurements revealed whether a given infant was developing normally, and, for those with disorders, whether the clinical status was improving or deteriorating. The ABR method, which is noninvasive and performed during natural sleep, provided useful diagnostic information about every infant tested. PMID- 7360530 TI - The auditory brainstem response (ABR) evaluates risk factors for hearing loss in the newborn. AB - Fourteen of 100 unselected patients in an intensive care nursery were found by the auditory brainstem evoked response (ABR) method to suffer significant hearing loss; of these 8 were ultimately discharged home. Analysis of the 100 clinical records identified 9 risk factors of which most, like low Apgar scores, are already known (Table I). However, neonatal asphyxia appeared to be associated with hearing loss only when repeated episodes of acidosis accompanied it (Table III). We conclude that the ABR readily identifies the hard-of-hearing premature and estimates the type and amount of his peripheral hearing loss, and that physiological events associated with prolonged perfusion of the cochlea with blood low in pH may be the most common cause of hearing disorder in this group. PMID- 7360532 TI - Emotional implications of primary familial hyperlipoproteinemia in childhood and adolescence. AB - To determine whether 43 patients and their 23 unaffected siblings were at increased risk for psychologic upset, 28 families of children being treated for primary familial hyperlipoproteinemia were studied. Nine fathers but no mothers had died of the disease. The families were interviewed for psychiatric assessment, and the parent(s) scored a questionnaire concerning eight behavioral factors. Male patients had significantly higher scores for impulsive hyperactive behavior than their male siblings. Fatherless female patients had the highest scores for perfectionism and the lowest scores for conduct problems and impulsive hyperactive behavior. Fatherless children scored lower for impulsive hyperactive behavior than children with fathers; fatherless male children were more anxious than fatherless female children. There were more significant differences in scores for children whose father was still alive vs those whose father had died than in scores for affected children vs unaffected siblings. Thus, the emotional impact of the premature death of an affected parent appears greater than that of having the disease. Therefore, one should be alert for changes in behavior in children with primary familial hyperlipoproteinemia when a parent dies of the disease and as the patients approach the age at which the parent died. PMID- 7360531 TI - Serum prolactin and respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn. AB - Prolactin levels were measured in cord blood by radioimmunoassay in 57 premature infants between 26 and 36 weeks of gestation. The level of prolactin was in the range of 20 to 600 ng/ml. Twenty-three of the infants subsequently developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The mean cord prolactin in the infants with RDS was 140 +/- 30.7 ng/ml, whereas in the healthy infants it was 276.4 +/- 26.4 ng/ml. Cord prolactin levels less than 140 ng/ml were associated with a high incidence of RDS: of 25 infants with prolactin levels of less than 140 ng/ml, 19(76%) had RDS. Of the 34 healthy infants, 28(82%) had prolactin levels above 140 ng/ml. The highest levels (500 ng/ml) or prolactin in the group of infants with RDS were in two infants of diabetic mothers. The data suggest that prolactin might have a role in lung maturation in the human fetus. PMID- 7360533 TI - The outcome of prolonged coma in childhood. AB - The outcome of prolonged, nontraumatic coma (greater than five days) in 16 children is reviewed to determine operational clinical parameters which may assist in both clinical decision making and counseling of parents. The children were evaluated by physical and neurologic examinations and school reports one to five years after coma. Six children are normal, six have minor handicaps (attention deficit disorder, minor motor disorders, mild retardation, personality disorders), and four have sustained major sequelae (severe retardation, uncontrolled seizures, blindness). Anoxia, as an etiology of coma and the need for assisted ventilation, were significant indicators of a less than normal outcome. Our results suggest that elevated intracranial pressure of greater than two days duration and deep coma of greater than two weeks were indicators of an abnormal outcome. In view of the improving technical capability to care for these children, but limited past experience, clearly defined and uniform criteria are needed both to assess children during coma and to evaluate them upon recovery. PMID- 7360534 TI - Early diagnosis and management of cerebritis in a child. AB - A 3 1/2-year-old boy with primary staphylococcal septicemia presented with elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein and pleocytosis. Serial computerized tomography examinations revealed the development of an intracranial lesion suggestive of an early infectious process. All cultures of cerebrospinal fluid taken before and after antibiotic treatment revealed no growth. Although no focal neurological findings evolved, both clinical and radiologic abnormalities resolved with antibiotic therapy. Computerized tomography can provide a means to diagnose cerebritis and to evaluate therapeutic response. PMID- 7360535 TI - Transient bacteremia following endotracheal suctioning in ventilated newborns. AB - Endotracheal suctioning is a routine procedure in ventilated newborns. A study of ten neonates demonstrates the association of transient bacteremia with endotracheal suctioning. This complication in ventilated newborns, with colonization of the respiratory tract by the same organism, must be considered in the pathogenesis of systemic infection. PMID- 7360536 TI - Phagocytic dysfunction in monocytes of normal newborn infants. AB - The kinetics of phagocytosis by monocytes isolated from cord blood and from the blood of adult volunteers was studied. Monocytes attached to glass coverslips were incubated with polystyrene spheres (1.1 mu diameter) for up to 120 minutes. In this system, the rate of phagocytosis was considerably slower in newborn monocytes than in those from adults. By the time phagocytosis had occurred in virtually all of the adult cells, only 38% of the neonatal monocytes had engulfed particles. However, this defect was not absolute, since ultimately all of the newborn cells contained engulfed spheres. Levamisole had no effect on normal adult monocytes but accelerated phagocytosis of newborn cells to a rate identical with that of adult cells. These data demonstrate that newborn monocytes are less efficient in the early stages of phagocytosis than are comparable cells from adults, raising the question of the impact of phagocytic kinetics in the development of neonatal sepsis. The correction of this defect by levamisole suggests that the differences in neonatal and adult monocytes may be evaluated more thoroughly by similar pharmacologic probes. PMID- 7360537 TI - Neonatal heelstick blood culture. AB - A new micro-heelstick blood culture technique was evaluated in 40 neonates who were believed to be clinically septic. Heelstick cultures were positive in 11 and peripheral venous cultures were positive in eight. All eight venous cultures had positive heelstick cultures. Heelstick blood cultures seem to be at least as sensitive as venous cultures. PMID- 7360538 TI - Effect of electrode temperature and in vivo calibration on accuracy of transcutaneous estimation of arterial oxygen tension in infants. PMID- 7360539 TI - Familial lymphoid interstitial pneumonia: a long-term follow-up. AB - We describe two brothers who developed chronic pulmonary disease in early childhood. Lung biopsies were diagnostic of lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP). Familial LIP has not been previously reported, and the natural history is unknown. The elder brother experienced progressive respiratory disability and died 10 years after the onset of symptoms. The younger brother age 13, has been observed for 11 years and despite progression of pathological changes revealed in his second lung biopsy, he has had few symptoms and leads an active life. Current pulmonary function tests reveal decreased lung volumes, increased maximal expiratory flow rates and decreased lung compliance. Arterial PO2 is 75 mm Hg at rest and falls to 56 mm Hg with exercise. These findings, consistent with restrictive lung disease, contrast with the obstructive ventilatory pattern seen in some adult patients. PMID- 7360540 TI - Value of echocardiography in assessing the outcome of bronchopulmonary dysplasia of the newborn. PMID- 7360541 TI - Effects of inspired oxygen on echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary vascular resistance and myocardial contractility in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PMID- 7360542 TI - Noninvasive assessment of left ventricular function related to serum digoxin levels in neonates. AB - Eighteen neonates in heart failure were investigated to assess whether high or low serum digoxin levels had differing effects on left ventricular function as determined by systolic time intervals obtained by echocardiography. Nine patients had digoxin levels of 1.99 +/- 0.35 ng/ml (group 1). Nine others had levels of 3.62 +/- 0.95 ng/ml (group 2). Systolic time intervals were obtained by echocardiography before and at 5 days after digoxin and correlated with serum levels. The heart rate, preejection period (PEP), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), electromechanical systole (QS2) and the PEP/LVET ratio were measured. LVET and electromechanical systole were indexed. These measurements were analyzed and the two groups were compared using Student's t test. The clinical improvement in both groups was similar and no difference in ECG changes were noted. Therapy with digoxin produced changes in heart rate and systolic time intervals in both groups. Both showed significant shortening of electromechanical systole index; group 1 significantly shortened the LVET index and PEP/LVET ratio, whereas group 2 significantly shortened the PEP. Statistical analysis comparing the two groups showed no difference between them. Digoxin produces measurable changes in the indices of left ventricular function. The magnitude of these changes suggests no therapeutic advantage to the higher levels. PMID- 7360543 TI - Theophylline-induced seizures in accidentally overdosed neonates. AB - Theophylline-induced seizures are reported in two neonates. The serum theophylline concentration during seizures were 51.0 mg/liter and 54.0 mg/liter. Toxic symptoms prior to seizures may be absent or undetected, suporting the necessity of blood level monitoring during theophylline therapy. PMID- 7360545 TI - Results of four years of intermittent human growth hormone (hGH) and fluoxymesterone therapy in hypopituitary dwarfism. PMID- 7360544 TI - Remission rates of children and adolescents with thyrotoxicosis treated with antithyroid drugs. PMID- 7360546 TI - Use of primary care facilities by patients attending specialty clinics. AB - The health care patterns of 158 children attending a medical specialty clinic at least twice a year were studied. The families were interviewed about (1) use of a primary care source, (2) continued contact with the referring physician, and (3) perceived health needs. For almost one third of the children, no source of primary care was reported. This group contained a higher percentage of older children and children from the urban center than did the group as a whole. No differences were attributable to insurance coverage. Of patients referred by a primary care provider, 62% were still in contact with that provider, whereas only 20% referred from another hospital-based program were still in touch with that program. Of the children attending specialty clinics 60% had other perceived health needs. Thirty-eight percent of the families reported health problems that they had never discussed with any medical provider. This study indicates that a large proportion of children with frequent attendance at specialty clinics perceive the hospital as the source of all their care. Health planners and providers need to take this patient perception into account as they design and manage programs for chronically ill children. PMID- 7360547 TI - Improving medical student interviewing skills. AB - In an attempt to identify methods of improving interviewing skills, 14 pediatric medical students (group 1) were randomly assigned to receive feedback concerning an audiovisually taped interview and to participate in a didactic session on interviewing skills. Seventeen students (group 2) had feedback sessions only, and 31 (group 3) had neither feedback nor didactic sessions. Each student was taped while interviewing a simulated mother both before and after receiving the assigned input. Group 1 improved more than group 3 in organizational abilities and more than either group 2 or group 3 in obtaining histories of present illnesses. Improvements in rapport, organization and information eliciting abilities were correlated with the amount of time taken for the interviews. Differences observed between the three groups in the pre-input interviews, which were carried out within several days of the students' becoming aware of their group assignments, stress the need of obtaining pre-input evaluations routinely in assessing medical education techniques. PMID- 7360548 TI - Maternal responsiveness of primiparous mothers during the postpartum period: age differences. AB - Variables influencing maternal responsiveness of primiparous mothers in the postpartum period were explored. Forty mothers, aged 17 to 24, were randomly assigned to either a control group, or to a group with one of two experimental conditions: additional information given mothers about the sensory capacity of neonates, or additional postpartum contact with their infants. Age differences in maternal responsiveness were also examined. Fourteen dependent measures of maternal behavior were obtained from video-taped sessions of mothers watching their infants. In addition, lateral preference of mothers for their infant following midline presentation was also noted. At the time of hospital discharge (a mean time of 3.5 days following birth) no differences were found on the dependent measures for either experimental condition. The age of the mother was isolated as a variable influencing maternal readiness. Mothers were divided into three age groups: low (17 and 18 years, N = 17), middle (19 and 20 years, N = 10), and high (21 to 23 years, N = 13). Age effects upon the 15 measures were assessed. The results suggest that there is a "critical" age when a mother may develop maternal readiness. Mothers 19 years of age and older demonstrated significantly more maternal responsiveness toward their infants than did mothers 18 years and younger. PMID- 7360549 TI - Factors influencing access to primary health care via school health services. AB - The school health and community primary health care contacts were studied for a group of elementary school children who have sociodemographic characteristics often associated with poor access to primary health services. The school system is engaged in a demonstration project that attempts to link the home with community and school services. Visits to the school health room accounted for 85% of all contacts. A visit rate of 1.13 visits/child/year occurred at primary care sites. Ethnicity is the single most important predictor of use of school health services, followed by family status and number of visits for primary health care in the community. In contrast, use of community primary care facilities is best predicted by socioeconomic status (SES), family status, and sex. The patterns of care received by the population were characterized. Children whose care was initiated, referred, or facilitated by the school were designated as receiving "interactive" care, which occurred mostly among minority and lower SES children. The data suggest that the school provides access to preventive health care for all children and facilitates care for segments of the population that usually have difficulty achieving access to the health care system. PMID- 7360550 TI - Childhood primary aldosteronism due to an adrenal adenoma: preoperative localization by adrenal vein catheterization. AB - Primary aldosteronism resulting from an adrenal adenoma is rare in children. An 8 1/2-year-old girl was found to have hypertension and spontaneous hypokalemia, both detected as incidental findings. Subsequent investigations revealed inappropriately elevated levels of plasma and urinary aldosterone with suppressed plasma renin activity. Adrenal vein blood sampling and venography suggested the presence of left adrenal adenoma which was confirmed at surgical exploration and pathologic examination. All the clinical and biochemical abnormalities were corrected by the adrenalectomy. The differential diagnoses of various types of hyperaldosteronism and/or hypokalemia in such a clinical setting are discussed. PMID- 7360551 TI - Simultaneous screening for child health and development: a study of visual/developmental screening of preschool children. PMID- 7360552 TI - Infant automobile restraint systems: beware of the sun. PMID- 7360553 TI - A practical technique for tympanocentesis for culturing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 7360554 TI - Reye syndrome in children less than 1 year old: some epidemiologic observations. Ohio State Department of Health Reye Syndrome Investigation Group. PMID- 7360555 TI - Subclinical hepatic changes in varicella infection. PMID- 7360557 TI - The puzzling epidemiology of neural tube defects. PMID- 7360556 TI - Familial asplenia, other malformations, and sudden death. AB - Two families have been presented. In one, asplenia occurred with and without gastrointestinal malformations. In the other, cardiovascular malformations occurred in one member and Ivemark syndrome in the other. All three children with asplenia died in infancy, two with evidence of sepsis. Sudden death in infancy may be due to sepsis in a child with isolated asplenia syndrome and impaired resistance to infection. Both isolated asplenia and some cases of congenital heart disease without asplenia may be related to Ivemark syndrome. New infants born in families with a history of congenital cardiovascular malformations, visceral heterotaxy, or other malformations associated with Ivemark syndrome should be tested for asplenia, primarily by searching for Howell-Jolly bodies. Infans with asplenia should be protected with prophylactic antibiotics. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is indicated at the age of 2 years. It would appear worthwhile for pediatric surgical or pediatric cardiologic services to perform a screening program for Howell-Jolly bodies. PMID- 7360558 TI - What is scientific proof? PMID- 7360559 TI - Alkalosis in infancy and commercial formulas. PMID- 7360560 TI - The school nurse practitioner. PMID- 7360561 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Pediatric Aspects of Physical Fitness, Recreation and Sports. Injuries to young athletes. PMID- 7360562 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Criteria for early infant discharge and follow-up evaluation. PMID- 7360564 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Hospital Care. Metrication and SI units. PMID- 7360563 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Nutrition. Encouraging breast feeding. PMID- 7360565 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on School Health. School Nurse Practitioner. PMID- 7360566 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Drugs. Naloxone use in newborns. PMID- 7360567 TI - Hepatic monoamine oxidase deficiency in Reye syndrome. PMID- 7360568 TI - Hyperlipidemia screening is worthwhile. PMID- 7360569 TI - All is well in perinatal land. PMID- 7360570 TI - Children having children. PMID- 7360571 TI - What are nonepileptic seizures? PMID- 7360572 TI - Effects of televised drug commercials on children. PMID- 7360573 TI - They don't do very well. PMID- 7360575 TI - New use of a metal detector. PMID- 7360574 TI - Natural course of febrile seizures. PMID- 7360576 TI - Prevalence of lactose intolerance in children with recurrent abdominal pain. PMID- 7360577 TI - Breast pumps. PMID- 7360578 TI - Comment on Committee on Drugs report. PMID- 7360579 TI - [Does asymptomatic bacteriuria really exist?]. PMID- 7360580 TI - [Effect of a magnesium-enriched diet on oxalate excretion and on the functional state of the kidneys in hyperoxaluria]. PMID- 7360581 TI - [Functional and morphological state of the kidneys in acute glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 7360582 TI - [Glomerulonephritis in children with an HB-viral infection]. PMID- 7360584 TI - [Kidney reaction characteristics to diuretic agents in various forms of glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 7360583 TI - [Complications of glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 7360585 TI - [Status and the dynamics of the basic indices of the health of the pediatric population in the USSR]. PMID- 7360586 TI - [Interrelationship of inflammatory diseases of the urinary tracts and sex organs of girls and their treatment principles]. PMID- 7360587 TI - [Problems of ethics in pediatric nephrology]. PMID- 7360588 TI - [Characteristics of water-salt metabolic regulation in children in the I and II periods of childhood]. PMID- 7360589 TI - [Diagnostic value of the intermamillary index for the early diagnosis of the Shereshevskii-Turner syndrome]. PMID- 7360590 TI - [Partial chromosome 11 trisomy in a child with congenital developmental defects]. PMID- 7360591 TI - [Effective renal blood flow and other partial kidney functions in children with chronic tonsillitis]. PMID- 7360592 TI - [Peroxidation and the lipid blood serum spectrum in bronchial asthma in children]. PMID- 7360593 TI - [Case of microcystosis of the kidneys in siblings]. PMID- 7360594 TI - [Familial case of marble disease]. PMID- 7360595 TI - [Staging of pyelonephritis in children in the light of clinical, x-ray and radioisotopic comparisons]. PMID- 7360596 TI - [Case of pheochromocytoma in a 13-year-old girl]. PMID- 7360597 TI - [Erythema nodosum in children]. PMID- 7360598 TI - [3 cases of Holt-Oram syndrome]. PMID- 7360599 TI - [Organoleptic method in the diagnosis of mycoviscidosis in young infants]. PMID- 7360600 TI - [Treatment of encopresis in children]. PMID- 7360601 TI - [Mucoviscidosis in infants in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 7360602 TI - [Cell makeup of a blood culture in pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 7360603 TI - Tete mates 2. PMID- 7360604 TI - Autokinesis and sight of the body. PMID- 7360605 TI - Coloured illusory triangles due to assimilation. AB - A coloured addition by Varin to Kanizsa's triangle figure gives rise to a colour tinted illusory triangle. Two theories for this effect are described, (i) a cognitive theory based on perceived transparency and (ii) a theory based on an assimilation mechanism. An experiment is reported which uses certain colour combinations incompatible with transparency and other combinations where the two theories predict different illusory colours. The results support the assimilation theory. PMID- 7360607 TI - Reply to Parks. PMID- 7360606 TI - Comment on: "Sensory conditions for the occurrence of the neon spreading illusion". PMID- 7360608 TI - An early ambiguous sculpture? PMID- 7360610 TI - Depicted angle of forms and perception of line drawings. AB - Subjects were presented with projections of either rectangular or elliptic forms which appeared either on their own or upon the following figures: (a) a face of a portrayed cube, (b) a parallelogram identical with (a), and (c) a rectangle of equal width and area to (a). Four different angles of projection were used for both the forms and for the background figures. In the composite figures these angles were varied independently. The subjects were required to judge the width of the forms. The forms were judged to be wider when presented on backgrounds (a) and (b) than when presented on background (c) or alone, especially at greater angles of projection. This suggests that the implicit-shape constancy effect is independent of relational effects resulting from the frame surrounding the form. PMID- 7360609 TI - The three faces of Edgar Rubin. PMID- 7360611 TI - Evidence for the role of attentive fields in masking. AB - A masking task was employed to determine whether predictions derived from the attentive-field postulate of assimilation theory could be verified. The distance between masking and test lines was varied both towards and away from the center of the attentive field. As predicted, masking was greater when the mask was near the center of attention than when it was located at the periphery of the field. A variation of the mathematical formula developed previously to predict visual illusions was employed to fit the individual and group functions found in this study. PMID- 7360612 TI - The oblique effect of stimulus identification considered with respect to two classes of oblique effects. AB - Two classes of oblique effects are proposed. Oblique effects demonstrated in paradigms reflecting the basic functioning of the visual system are termed class 1, and those obtained in paradigms reflecting stimulus encoding and memory are termed class 2. The present experiments examine the class 2 oblique effect that has been obtained on reaction time (RT) tasks. Three RT tasks with different response requirements (identification, detection, and classification) were conducted to determine the basic conditions necessary for the production of the class 2 RT oblique effect. The results indicate that the source of the class 2 oblique effect obtained in RT paradigms is a greater confusability between the 45 degrees oblique lines than between the horizontal and vertical lines when identification of orientation is required. PMID- 7360613 TI - Perception of relative velocity: a revision of the hypothesis of relational determination. AB - The conventional formulation of the hypothesis of relational determination asserts that the perceived relative velocities of two or more objects depend upon their relative rates of displacement with respect to stationary referents in the visual field. Experiment 1 showed that this formulation is too restrictive by demonstrating the transposition-of-velocity effect under conditions in which two light spots moved in the absence of static visible contours and traversed unequal path lengths. Experiment 2 showed that angular velocity per unit of relative angular extent, and not relative linear or perceived extent, of the respective motion paths influences perceived relative velocity in nonarticulated space. The retinal dimensions of static visible frameworks were shown in experiment 3 to influence perceived relative velocity in a direction consistent with the conventional formulation of the relational-determination hypothesis, but the weight of the evidence suggested a reformulation along the following lines: the perceived relative velocities of two objects are significantly affected by the proportions of the retinal projections of the respective movement fields traversed by the two objects in the same unit of time, even when the motion fields consist only of the objects' motion paths. PMID- 7360614 TI - Colour and brightness preferences in the lizard Anolis carolinensis. PMID- 7360615 TI - The computation of binocular edges. AB - A computational model is described which effects the binocular combination of monocular edge information. The distinctive features of the model are: (i) it identifies edge locations in each monocular field by searching for zero crossings in nonorientated centre-surround convolution profiles; (ii) it selects amongst all possible binocular point-for-point combinations of edge locations only those which satisfy a (quasi-)collinear figural grouping rule; (iii) it presents a concept of the orientated and spatial-frequency-tuned channel as a nonlinear grouping operator. The success of the model is demonstrated both on a stereo pair of a natural scene and on a random-dot stereogram. PMID- 7360616 TI - The visual stimulus for saccadic eye movements in human observers. AB - Three experiments are reported in which the salience of visual stimuli is assessed by finding which of two competing peripheral stimuli elicit a saccade when both are presented simultaneously with the use of paradigm due to Love Schoen. The first experiment shows how salience is affected by position in the visual field. A strong effect of retinal eccentricity is found which is compared with the cortical magnification factor. Additionally directional biases occur. The second experiment shows that temporal change appears to be significant in eliciting a saccade rather than any specific properties related to movement. The third experiment shows that contour at high spatial frequencies does not affect salience. An area of 4 cycles deg-1 high-contrast square-wave grating possesses the same salience as an equivalent area with identical, constant, space average luminance. Taken together, the results suggest that salience might be accountable for in terms of the activation of transient channels in the visual system. PMID- 7360617 TI - Brunelleschi's perspectives reconsidered. AB - Accounts by Brunelleschi's biographers of the discovery of linear perspective are briefly reexamined. It is suggested that Brunelleschi's familiarity, as a clockmaker, with sundials may have suggested to him a method of drawing perspectives without recourse to geometrical construction from plans and elevations. This would explain several puzzling features of the first perspective, including the choice of subject (the Baptistery of San Giovanni), the lateral inversion of the painting, the necessity for a hole "as tiny as a lentil bean", and the use of mirrors. The second perspective is then shown to embody lessons learned from the shortcomings of the first. It is concluded that the descriptions written by Vasari and Manetti are essentially sound, but their usual interpretation is thrown into question. In particular they can no longer sustain the centuries-old claim, for which they formed the basis, that the geometrical construction of linear perspective from plans and elevations was discovered by Brunelleschi. PMID- 7360618 TI - Acid-base status of mink blood during storage. AB - The changes in pH, pCO2, pO2, BE, and SBC during storage of anaerobic drawn arterial blood for 24 hours at different temperatures were measured (Table Ia, Ib) and illustrated (Fig. 1). Correction tables (Table III) for determination of the initial acid-base data are constructed based upon the regression equations in Table II. The changes in the acid-base values of mink blood are much higher than in equine, porcine, and canine blood during storage at 21-24 degrees C and 0-4 degrees C for 24 hours. PMID- 7360619 TI - Studies on the epidemiology of Ostertagia ostertagi in calves. PMID- 7360620 TI - Acid-base status of porcine blood during storage. AB - The changes in pH, pCO2, pO2, BE and SBC during storage of venous porcine blood during 24 hours at different temperatures were measured (Table I) and illustrated in Fig 1. Correction table (Table III) for determination of the initial acid-base data are constructed based upon the regression equations in Table II. The changes in the acid-base values of swine blood differ from that of bovine, equine, and canine blood (Table IV). PMID- 7360621 TI - A study on the possible association of copper pollution with vibriosis in eel. AB - In this study, eel from a locality where the bacterium Vibrio anguillarim was common were transferred to copper-contaminated freshwater and brackish water (10%) under laboratory conditions. In one experiment (experiment I) 9 out of 20 eel died and bacteria (in six cases V. anguillarum and in two cases Aeromonas sp.) were isolated from the kidneys, and one was found to be sterile. In this experiment copper did not seem to be an initating factor in developing bacterial infection. In two other experiments (II and III) eel were exposed to copper concentrations up to approx. 25 times as high as the level which is stated as critical in a infection context in a Norwegian work. With the exception of one case no bacteria were isolated from the kidneys and the mortality seemed to be caused by the direct toxic effect of the contaminent. Therefore, some unspecified factors would appear to have been the cause of the results obtained in the Norwegian work. PMID- 7360623 TI - [Pregnancy and swimming]. PMID- 7360622 TI - [Pneumococcus: an under-estimated germ]. PMID- 7360624 TI - [Coronary spasm in angina pectoris]. PMID- 7360625 TI - [Late gestation amniocentesis: value and risk assessment (author's transl)]. AB - Over a 6-year period, 2165 amniocenteses were performed in 1168 women between the 32nd and 42nd weeks of gestation. There was no injury to the foetus. Premature rupture of the membranes was observed in 11.13% of the cases, which is less than the risk of spontaneous rupture (12.5%). The incidence of premature delivery was 2.8% during the first 3 years of the study and 2.6% during the next 3 years; these figures are lower than in women who do not undergo amniocentesis. The risks of amniocentesis are therefore quite acceptable, particularly when weighed against the benefits of data on foetal maturity and foetal distress obtained by the procedure. During the last 4 years no respiratory distress syndrome nor post maturity were observed. PMID- 7360626 TI - [Operable carcinoma of the breast. Prognostic value of estradiol receptors. Preliminary report (author's transl)]. AB - 151 women were treated for potentially curable breast cancer. Their tumors were routinely analysed for estrogen receptors by the dextran-coated charcoal technic. Data were analyzed in relation to several parameters: age, age of menstruation, menopausal status, tumor size, TNN staging, axillary node status, nature of treatment. We have examined the pronostic implication of an ER negative content (ER-) in the primary tumor. We have found that the absence of detectable estrogen receptor in primary breast tumor appears to be correlated with a short disease free interval. In positive axillary node patients the value of the disease free interval is significantly shorter in ER- than in ER+ group: 11.5 months versus 23.5 (p less than 0.01). PMID- 7360627 TI - [Replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic valve with re-implantation of the coronary arteries. Long-term results in 20 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Total replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic valve using Bentall's technique was carried out in 20 patients with dystrophic (13 cases), chronic dissecting (4 cases) or acute dissecting (3 cases) aneurysm. Five patients died in the first month following surgery, but all patients operated upon for dystrophic aneurysm survived. The mean follow-up period for the 15 survivors was 39 months, and there was no late death. Thirteen patients are leading a normal life. Nine out of 14 control aortographies were performed 48 months on average after the operation. They showed normal and stable anatomical restoration of the aorta and coronary system. Total replacement of the ascending aorta seems to be the operation of choice for dystrophic aneurysm. PMID- 7360628 TI - [Peptic esophageal strictures. Dilatation with the Eder-Puestow's olives system (author's transl)]. AB - Esophageal dilatations under topical pharyngeal anesthesia with the Eder Puestow's metallic olives system were performed 101 times on 30 patients presenting peptic strictures. This method uses first a metallic wire introduced into the esophagus and the stomach under endoscopic control. Then, the wire allows to guide dilatating olives through very tight strictures. Functional results were excellent 28 times out of 30; two patients only required repeated dilatations because of uncomplete treatment (stenosis on esojejunal anastomosis). Finally, surgical procedure was never indicated. The use of Eder-Puestow's material together with fiberoptic esophagoscope reduces the hazard of peroral bougienage: no complication occured in our series. PMID- 7360629 TI - [Bilateral facial pain, an isolated sign of digitalis poisoning]. PMID- 7360630 TI - [Reinstitution of the maggot]. PMID- 7360631 TI - [Role of Chlamydia and Mycoplasma genital infections in salpingitis and tubal sterility]. PMID- 7360632 TI - [Painless angiography of arteriovenous shunts for hemodialysis. Value of ioxaglic acid]. PMID- 7360633 TI - [The Doppler, a means of exploring a peritoneovenous shunt for ascites]. PMID- 7360634 TI - [Antismoking acupuncture. Short-term results of a double-blind comparative study]. PMID- 7360637 TI - [Skin tests for delayed hypersensitivity to booster antigens. Secondary complication]. PMID- 7360635 TI - [Miliary tuberculosis. Diagnostic value of bone puncture biopsy]. PMID- 7360636 TI - [Association of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with plasmocytoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360638 TI - [Association of leiomyosarcoma and primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 7360641 TI - [Mitochondria model: another step toward understanding the control of gene function in higher organisms]. PMID- 7360640 TI - [Medical audit. Effects on medical results, their cost, the education of physicians]. PMID- 7360639 TI - [Reports of a unionized hospital physician, ignorant in medical economics]. PMID- 7360642 TI - [Acute infections central nervous system. The significance of antiviral antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (author's transl)]. AB - Examination of the CSF of 107 patients suffering from a viral infection of the central nervous system for the presence of antiviral antibodies indicated that 26 subjects (24 %) developed monospecific antibodies. The distribution of these antibodies differed according to whether the diagnosis was of meningitis or of encephalitis and myelitis since 3 patients out of 73 (4 %) with meningitis developed antibodies whilst the latter were detectable in 23 of the 34 subjects with encephalitis or myelitis (67 %). This difference was highly significant (p 0,001) and suggests that examination for antiviral antibodies in the CSF could be of use in the differential diagnosis between meningitis and encephalitis. Furthermore, the results presented suggest the existence of local production of antiviral antibodies in the CSF. PMID- 7360643 TI - [Metastatic infectious encephalitis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report two cases of multiple microabcesses disseminated to the brain. The diagnosis was confirmed by anatomical findings in the first case and the discovery of septic emboli on fundus examination in the second case. In such conditions, there is no space occupying lesion which might raise the question of a surgical procedure. Due to the widespread vascular dissemination of the infectious process, these cases may present as an encephalitis. The authors stress the importance of recognizing this type of central nervous system bacterial infection which may be treated appropriately. PMID- 7360644 TI - ["Benign" intracranial hypertension due to bilateral thrombosis of the lateral sinuses treated with venous bypass (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on a case of "benign" intracranial hypertension due to bilateral thrombosis of the lateral sinuses and internal jugular veins of infectious origin (otitis). A venous by-pass was established between one of the lateral sinuses and an external jugular vein. As early as the first post operative week, the intracranial pressure was reduced and the visual disorders regressed. Such venous by-passes, now made possible by micromicrosurgical techniques, can be suggested for treating occlusions of the intracranial sinuses due to thrombophlebitis, traumatisms or tumours. PMID- 7360646 TI - [Peroperative jejuno-ileoscopy]. PMID- 7360645 TI - [Scintigraphy of biliary system (author's transl)]. AB - Hepatobiliary functional scintigraphy (HBFS) using 99m Tc-labeled Diethyl-IDA was tested in 84 patients suffering from various hepatic and bile duct disorders. The investigated pathologies were: gall bladder dysfunction, parital bile duct obstruction, total obstruction, hepatocellular disease, cirrhosis and drug induced cholostastis. The diagnosis accuracy of the method was found to be 95 %, and the method proved to be useful for guiding the clinician in selecting those additional investigation techniques most apt to define the etiology of the pathological condition accurately. In conclusion, the non-invasive character of the technique, its usefulness even in the presence of elevated bilirubin levels and the information yielded by HBFS make it a method of choice to be placed in the beginning of the test series liver or duct patients are submitted to. PMID- 7360647 TI - [Factors influencing emergency admission decisions by the Public Assistance Service of Paris]. PMID- 7360648 TI - [Effects of an orally administered dopamine derivative on renal excretion]. PMID- 7360650 TI - [Salt and water retention after the administration of indomethacin to premature infants]. PMID- 7360649 TI - [Acute arsenic poisoning: early and prolonged cardiac hyperkinetic syndrome]. PMID- 7360651 TI - [Acute confusional-hallucinatory states caused by nalidixic acid]. PMID- 7360652 TI - [Are asthmatic patients able to laugh?]. PMID- 7360653 TI - [Check of peritoneovenous shunts for ascites using the Doppler effect]. PMID- 7360654 TI - [Determination of carcinoembryonic antigen in alveolar lavage fluid]. PMID- 7360655 TI - [Are there still severe complications in induced abortion?]. PMID- 7360656 TI - [Conn's adenoma after prolonged treatment with estro-progestins. 2 cases]. PMID- 7360657 TI - [Medical ethics on the surgical team]. PMID- 7360658 TI - [Therapeutic relentlessness]. PMID- 7360659 TI - [Cerebral edema. Towards membrane therapy]. PMID- 7360660 TI - [Serum IgE in infants. Usual values and values in intolerance to cow's milk proteins (author's transl)]. AB - The usual values of serum IgE were determined by age group (at birth, 3--8 days, 9--45 days, 46--75 days and 76--105 days) in 80 infants under 4 months using the paper-radioimmuno-sorbent test (PRIST). There was a highly significant correlation between these values and the infants' age. Systematic search for specific anti-cow's milk IgE by a related technique (RAST) consistently gave negative results. The same techniques were used in 38 infants with clinical symptoms of intolerance to cow's milk. It would appear that these patients can be divided into two groups according to the presence of absence of extra-digestive symptoms. In the first group, there was a significant increase in total serum IgE, and the RAST was positive in 14 out of 17 patients. In the second group (21 infants), IgE levels were not increased and the RAST was always negative, which suggests that this type of intolerance is not reagin-mediated. PMID- 7360661 TI - [Aneurism in a persisting sciatic artery. One case (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on the first case of aneurism in a persisting sciatic artery observed in France. The condition was complicated by truncular embolism and fissuration and was successfully treated by endo-aneurismorrhaphy. Restoration of arterial continuity is nevertheless necessary in most cases of aneurysm affecting a complete persistant sciatic artery (providing the vascular supply for the whole lower limb) which represents the commonest anatomical type. PMID- 7360662 TI - [Stewart-Treves syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Thirteen years after a right mastectomy with axillary node dissection completed by radiotherapy, a 78-year-old woman still had lymphoedema of the homolateral upper limb. The development of an angiosarcomatous tumour on the medial surface of the right arm led to a diagnosis of Stewart-Treves syndrome, this lesion considered by some to be metastasis of carcinoma of the breast and by others as a separate clinicopathological entity close to primary cutaneous angiosarcomas. PMID- 7360663 TI - [Maternal buccal herpes simplex : contamination of the newborn. A case]. PMID- 7360664 TI - [Visual acuity disorders caused by op'DDD?]. PMID- 7360665 TI - [Primary epidermoid carcinoma of the colon]. PMID- 7360666 TI - [Creatine kinase (CK) MB isoenzyme. Distribution and confidence limits of the MB/total CK ratio in myocardial infarct and extracardiac disease]. PMID- 7360667 TI - [Splenic rupture in bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 7360668 TI - [Treatment of coronary stenosis by endarterectomy without bypass]. PMID- 7360671 TI - [New mitral and tricuspid valve exploration technic. Scanner-pulsed Doppler velocimetry]. PMID- 7360669 TI - [Reversible ketoacidosis and hyperglycemia after absorption of flumequine. Effect of high doses in a non-diabetic adult]. PMID- 7360670 TI - [Acute pancreatitis during accidental hypothermia in alcoholics]. PMID- 7360673 TI - [New hospital, or new hospitalization system?]. PMID- 7360672 TI - [Taxing the salaries of hospital physicians]. PMID- 7360674 TI - [On the fringe of the VIIIth National Meeting on Public Hospitalization...current hospital topics according to the French Hospital Federation]. PMID- 7360677 TI - [Morphological and functional studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract segment in patients with chronic renal failure. II. Gastric juice secretion and blood serum gastrin activity]. PMID- 7360676 TI - [Studies on the interaction between digoxin and quinidine by means of monitoring of blood serum drug concentrations]. PMID- 7360678 TI - [Morphological and functional studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract segment in patients with chronic renal failure. III. Effect of calcium on blood gastrin level and gastric juice secretion]. PMID- 7360675 TI - [C-peptide in the blood serum of patients with chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7360679 TI - [Histaminemia in exercise-induced bronchial spasm in patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7360680 TI - [Mild recurrent spontaneous intrahepatic cholestasis--case report]. PMID- 7360681 TI - [Acute non-inflammatory renal failure after continuous treatment with rifampicin]. PMID- 7360682 TI - [Clofibrate--facts and controversies]. PMID- 7360683 TI - [Changes in the level of serum proteins synthesized in the liver and their relationship to the state of the liver in alcoholics]. PMID- 7360684 TI - [Plasma catecholamines during exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma]. PMID- 7360685 TI - [Significance of functional and morphological examination of the kidneys at an early stage of Wegener's disease]. PMID- 7360686 TI - [Effect of hemodialysis on serum gastrin concentration in patients with chronic renal failure]. PMID- 7360687 TI - [Gastrinemia following calcium ion stimulation in patients with acute and chronic renal failure]. PMID- 7360688 TI - [Diagnosis of thromboembolic complications with the use of radioisotopic phlebography and pulmonary scintigraphy]. PMID- 7360689 TI - [Granulocyte aggregation-inducing activity in hemodialysis]. PMID- 7360690 TI - [The physiology and pathophysiology of gastrin]. PMID- 7360691 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in febrile conditions--analysis of cases at an internal medicine department in the years 1968-1977]. PMID- 7360692 TI - [Advances in nephrology. Kidneys in systemic diseases]. PMID- 7360693 TI - [Recording the gastric electrical activity]. PMID- 7360695 TI - [Organ of vision in pupils completing elementary education]. PMID- 7360694 TI - [Echoencephalography in the diagnosis of craniocerebral injuries]. PMID- 7360696 TI - [Clinical pattern and treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome]. PMID- 7360697 TI - [Mercury concentration in systemic fluids and organ damage in workers with chronic exposure to mercury vapors]. PMID- 7360698 TI - [Case of bone marrow sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7360699 TI - [Coexistence of prematurity and congenital epulis]. PMID- 7360700 TI - [Stomatological aspects of nutrition in pregnancy]. PMID- 7360701 TI - [The proper handling of patients by physicians in the light of forensic-medical expertise]. PMID- 7360702 TI - [Attempt at establishing a correlation between copper plasma concentration and presence of atherosclerotic brain disease and its psychotic sequelae]. PMID- 7360703 TI - [Sensitivity of hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus to lincomycin and clindamycin]. PMID- 7360704 TI - [Liver function tests in patients with terminal renal failure treated conservatively and with repeated hemodialysis]. PMID- 7360706 TI - [Gallstone of unusual size]. PMID- 7360707 TI - [Introduction of SI units in medicine]. PMID- 7360705 TI - [Various indices of the hypophyseo-thyroid axis in school children in an endemic goiter area]. PMID- 7360708 TI - The long arm of coincidence? PMID- 7360709 TI - Patients' use of GPs or accident and emergency departments. PMID- 7360711 TI - The management of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7360710 TI - Osteoarthrosis. PMID- 7360712 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 7360713 TI - Less common forms of arthritis. PMID- 7360714 TI - Sports injury and osteoarthrosis. PMID- 7360715 TI - Aids and equipment for the arthritic. PMID- 7360716 TI - The rehabilitation of the arthritic patient. PMID- 7360717 TI - The laboratory, the clinician, the poisoned patient. PMID- 7360718 TI - The psychiatrist and the dermatologist--which ticket of admission? PMID- 7360720 TI - [Reliability of indradermal tuberculin tests in geriatric patients--a comparison of mantoux-, tine- and monotest (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360719 TI - [Conservative and operative treatment of idiopathic scoliosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360721 TI - [Treatment of inflammatory dermatomycoses with Pevisone-cream (econazole triamcinolonacetonide) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360722 TI - [Arteriosclerosis and ischemic syndrome of the digestive tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360723 TI - [The arteriosclerotic narrowing of the mesenteric arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360726 TI - Respiratory disease in Vermont: a population survey for planning a public education program. PMID- 7360724 TI - [Radiologic aspects of intestinal ischemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360725 TI - Life-style and future health: evidence from the Alameda County study. PMID- 7360727 TI - Preventing the onset of cigarette smoking through life skills training. PMID- 7360728 TI - Techniques for characterizing a series of blood pressure measurements over time. PMID- 7360729 TI - A national survey of health promotion activities in health systems agencies. PMID- 7360730 TI - Blood pressure studies in black and white inner-city and suburban adolescents. PMID- 7360733 TI - The Connecticut high blood pressure program: a program of public education and high blood pressure screening. PMID- 7360731 TI - Cancer and occupational exposure to arsenic: a study of pesticide workers. PMID- 7360732 TI - Alcohol consumption and 17-year mortality in the Chicago Western Electric Company study. PMID- 7360734 TI - [Radioisotope diagnosis of kidney function in diabetes mellitus]. AB - The results of the radioisotopic methods of the renal function study in 102 patients suffering from diabetes mellitus are presented. Age, type of the disease, its duration, and the therapy instituted were taken in consideration. Depending on the disturbances the patients were distributed in four groups. The radioisotopic methods permitted to reveal early preclinical renal function derangements in the diabetic patients. The necessity of radioisotopic methods in complex examination of the kidneys in diabetic patients, particularly with no clinical manifestations of the renal affection is discussed. PMID- 7360735 TI - [Extraosseous manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism]. AB - Nonfunctioning cysts were revealed in 2 of 23 patients with pathology of the parathyroid glands only. There was an expressed clinical picture of primary hyperparathyroidism in two patients with carcinoma, 3 with hyperplasia, and in 16 cases with adenoma of the parathyroid glands. Extraosseous manifestations were chiefly noted in the patients with adenoma of the parathyroid glands (in 7 of 16). In many cases they were the first, and in some the only manifestations of the disease. In two cases the disease coursed as a persistently relapsing urolithiasis (the patients had had nephrectomy), in four as peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum (resection of the stomach was performed in two cases), and in one case the neurological symptoms prevailed. Thus, extraosseous manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism were not rare. All cases of persistent urolithiasis, and peptic ulcer of the stomach are subject to special examination for hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7360736 TI - [Effect of chorionic gonadotropin on estrogen excretion in healthy men and in fluorosis patients]. AB - Estrogen excretion was studied by fractions in the urine of 10 healthy men and in 11 men suffering from fluorosis before and after the chorionic gonadotropin (CG) load. The response to the CG administration was expressed in increased urinary estrogens excretion in the healthy men and in the patients with fluorosis; the hyperexcretion intensity depended on the dose of the hormone administered. In comparison with healthy men, patients with fluorosis displayed specific temporary shifts in the maximal estrogen excretion peaks, and also a significant increase in estriol concentration in the urine. A conclusion was drawn that changes in the estrogen concentration in the urine of patients with fluorosis were connected with disturbed metabolism of these steroids, and not with elevation of their production in the testes. PMID- 7360737 TI - [Effect of castration on carbohydrate metabolism]. AB - The effect of ovariectomy in the female albino rats on the content of glucose, glycogen, and on the activity of some metabolic enzymes of these substrates in the liver was studied. Ovariectomy in pubertal female rats led to reduction of the glucose and glycogen level in the liver. The glucokinase activity was significantly decreased during the whole period after ovariectomy. The activity of the enzymes taking part in glucose-6-phosphate-glucoso-phosphate-isomerase and aldolase decomposition also decreased. Glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6 diphosphatase activity was significantly elevated in the liver of ovariectomized rats. PMID- 7360739 TI - [Corticosteroids and the adrenaline activation of glycogen phosphorylase in heart tissue]. AB - Study of changes in the glycogen phosphorylase activity under the effect of adrenaline in the hearts of intact, adrenalectomized and sham-adrenalectomized rats demonstrated that stress increased the phosphorylase A level considerably. Against the background of these changes perfusion of the heart with 0.5.10(-7)M adrenaline produced no further elevation of the enzyme activity. Following restoration of the basal phosphorylase A to the normal level adrenaline again acquired the capacity to Phosphorylase activation. Stable absence of response of the heart tissue to adrenaline by increase of phosphorylase A activity was noted on the 5th postadrenalectomy day; this apparently followed disturbances in the potassium ions accumulation in the cells. PMID- 7360738 TI - [Effect of estradiol dipropionate on cell membrane electrical properties and their electrolyte makeup in animals of different ages]. AB - Intraperitoneal administration of estradiol dipropionate (EDDP) leads to membrane hyperpolarization, the growth of its resistance, reduction of cell excitation and potassium and sodium ions redistribution on both sides of the membrane. In old animals the shift of the membrane potential occurred in response to half estrogen doses (50 microgram) in comparison with that in adults, this pointing to greater sensitivity of the muscle cells of old rats to EDDP. The protein biosynthesis inhibitors prevented development of hyperpolarization, changes of electrical properties of the membrane and ionic shifts usually following estrogen administration. Elimination of the EDDP effect in old animals was reached with lesser doses of the protein biosynthesis inhibitors. PMID- 7360740 TI - [Change in the tricarboxylic acid cycle dehydrogenase activity under the action of thyroxine in the brain of animals of varying age]. AB - The effect of thyroxin on the activities of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes and NADP-malate dehydrogenase in the rat brain was studied. Experiments were conducted on 20- and 40-day old and on adult rats. Injection of L-thyroxin (50 microgram/100 g body weight) to thyroidectomized rats induced some changes in the activities of citrate-syntase, dehydrogeases of TAC and malic enzymes in the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fractions of the brain. The most significant effect of the hormone was found in the brain of 20-day old rats there was an increase of the enzyme activities by 40--60%. The effect of the hormone on the enzymes activities could be prevented by simultaneous administration of actinomycin D (10 microgram intracerebrally). This fact indicates that the main mechanism in increasing the enzymic activity lies, probably, in stimulation of the enzyme biosynthesis by the hormone. PMID- 7360741 TI - [Immunoreactive insulin and C-peptide in glucose tolerance disturbances in the relatives of diabetes mellitus patients]. AB - The content of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and of immunoreactive C-peptide (IRCP) was determined in the relatives of patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus and in healthy persons during the oral glucose tolerance test (GTT). The IRCP content was higher than the IRI content. The IRI and IRCP curves were identical in persons with normal and doubtful GTT results; these curves differed from those in patients with latent and manifest diabetes which were torpid in character. The coefficient of molar IRCP/IRI proportion differed in persons with pathological GTT results as compared with the normal. PMID- 7360742 TI - [Role of fatty acids and of the membrane surface charge in the appearance of erythrocyte thromboplastic factor activity]. PMID- 7360743 TI - [DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase activity of the lymphoid organs of mice with experimental leukemia La]. PMID- 7360744 TI - [Incorporation of labelled precursors into the DNA and nuclear proteins of bone marrow cells at different times of day normally and on the administration of hydrocortisone]. PMID- 7360745 TI - [Method of assessing the functional value of preserved thrombocytes based on the induced peroxide oxidation of thrombocyte membrane lipids]. PMID- 7360746 TI - Induction of anemia in splenectomized and nonsplenectomized rats. PMID- 7360747 TI - The effect of graded, single doses of busulfan on murine erythropoiesis. PMID- 7360749 TI - 3-phenylpropylaminoguanidine.HCl (43-522): a specific carbohydrate inhibitor in rats. PMID- 7360748 TI - A micropuncture study of a dietary induced, hyperuricemic model of acute renal failure in the rat. PMID- 7360750 TI - ADH effects in development of ischemic acute renal failure. PMID- 7360751 TI - The growth-stimulating effect of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in cells in culture. PMID- 7360752 TI - Viability of cultured Lewis lung cell populations exposed to beta-retinoic acid. PMID- 7360753 TI - Short-term zinc deficiency and hemostasis in the rat. PMID- 7360754 TI - Effect of purified relaxin on uterine glycogen and protein in the rat. PMID- 7360755 TI - Mineralization during long-term cultivation of chick embryos in vitro. PMID- 7360756 TI - Interferon as an inhibitor of cell growth: studies with mouse melanoma cells. PMID- 7360757 TI - Mechanisms of glucose-induced hyperemia in the jejunum. PMID- 7360758 TI - Transplacental movements of inorganic lead from mother to fetus. PMID- 7360759 TI - Response of sheep lymphocytes to PHA: quantitation by nuclear volume measurement and cell counts. PMID- 7360760 TI - Redistribution of zinc within burned and burned infected rats. PMID- 7360761 TI - Lack of direct effects of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone on in vitro secretion of one another from rat thyroparathyroid glands. PMID- 7360762 TI - Cimetidine inhibits the histamine-induced prolactin release in male rats. PMID- 7360763 TI - Response of small arteries in the rat cremaster muscle to decreases in perfusion pressure. PMID- 7360764 TI - Effect of quinidine upon the vascular response to norepinephrine in the dog forelimb. PMID- 7360765 TI - Effect of ethanol on polyribosomes and protein synthesis of transplantable hepatomas and host livers of rats. PMID- 7360767 TI - Effect of vitamin B12-deficiency in colon carcinogenesis. PMID- 7360766 TI - The use of polyethylene estrogen capsules in the chronic steroid treatment of prepubertal female rats. PMID- 7360768 TI - Mouse macrophage arginase. PMID- 7360769 TI - Plasma concentrations of hypophyseal hormones and corticosterone in male mice acutely exposed to simulated high altitude. PMID- 7360770 TI - Source of maternal milk zinc for absorption by suckling rats. PMID- 7360771 TI - Effect of dietary fat on fatty acid composition of mouse and rat mammary adenocarcinomas. PMID- 7360772 TI - Growth hormone dependent matrix-induced heterotopic bone formation. PMID- 7360773 TI - Biochemical and immunological properties of cell surface teichoic preparations from encapsulated strains of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7360775 TI - Physician, heal thyself? An essay on curing and caring. PMID- 7360774 TI - Interaction of zinc and vitamin E in the chick. PMID- 7360776 TI - Ruminations on a breast. PMID- 7360777 TI - The physician and the ikon--some comments on modern medical technology. PMID- 7360778 TI - Should the pass-fail system be abolished?--A seminar. PMID- 7360780 TI - Latin and Greek. PMID- 7360779 TI - How much medical care is too much? PMID- 7360781 TI - The Wangensteen's history of surgery. PMID- 7360783 TI - Some sources of artefact in computed tomography. AB - A number of sources of error and artefact that may arise in X-ray computed tomography are considered. The importance of temporal and spatial non uniformities in X-ray tube output and detector sensitivity, of changes in voltage supply, of an incomplete field of view, and of scattered radiation, are analysed by calculating their effect on the reconstructed image, and by estimating the noise power that they introduce. Computer simulation is used whenever the error is dependent on the object. The particular relevance of these errors in CT scanners employing arrays of detectors, such as an image intensifier, is emphasised. PMID- 7360782 TI - The need to estimate risks. The sixteenth Douglas Lea lecture, September 1979. AB - In an increasing number of situations, it is becoming possible to obtain and compare numerical estimates of the biological risks involved in different alternative sources of action. In some cases these risks are similar in kind, as for example when the risk of inducing fatal cancer of the breast or stomach by x ray screening of a population at risk, is compared with the risk of such cancers proving fatal if not detected by a screening programme. In other cases in which it is important to attempt a comparison, the risks are dissimilar in type, as when the safety of occupations involving exposure to radiation or chemical carcinogens is compared with that of occupations in which the major risks are from lung disease or from accidental injury and death. Similar problems of assessing the relative severity of unlike effects occur in any attempt to compare the total biological harm associated with a given output of electricity derived from different primary fuel sources, with its contributions both of occupational and of public harm. In none of these instances is the numerical frequency of harmful effects alone an adequate measure of total biological detriment, nor is such detriment the only factor which should influence decisions. Estimations of risk appear important however, since otherwise public health decisions are likely to be made on more arbitrary grounds, and public opinion will continue to be affected predominantly by the type rather than also by the size of risk. PMID- 7360784 TI - The reconstruction of objects from incomplete projections. AB - The effect of an imcomplete field of view on the reconstruction of objects from their projections is considered. An exact analytical method is used to calculate the reconstruction of an impulse and an annulus which lie out the field of view of an imaging device. A general impression of the effects of truncating the projections of any object may be obtained from these calculations of elemental objects. PMID- 7360785 TI - Dosimetry intercomparison for partial body x-irradiation of rats. AB - An X-ray dosimetry intercomparison for partial body irradiations has been performed among a number of laboratories cooperating within EULEP (European Late Effects Project Group) using mailed acrylic plastic rat phantoms. The main objective of this study was to assess the adequacy of exposure arrangements and dosimetry procedures applied to rat partial body irradiations at the participating institutes. The dose and dose distribution in lung and liver substitute material have been measured with dual thermoluminescent (TL) dosemeters LiF and CaF2:Mn. The doses from scattered radiation in the shielded parts of the phantom have also been assessed. The results of the dose intercomparison show that in the first instance six out of the eight participating institutes obtain dose values which differ by more than 5% from the standard dose. Inconsistencies are observed between the lung and liver doses administered at the same institute. After consultation, four institutes indicated the cause for their deviating dose values and quoted revised results which are closer to the standard value. Large dose gradients are measured, since six out of the eight participants applied unilateral exposures. This project has indicated the need for repeated intercomparisons and for improvements in dosimetry and irradiation procedures for partial body irradiations. PMID- 7360786 TI - Experiences with a small pulsed neutron generator. PMID- 7360787 TI - Gamma camera assay of 'molybdenum breakthrough'. PMID- 7360788 TI - The calibration of surface contamination monitors for use in a hospital environment. PMID- 7360789 TI - Signal variance in computed tomography: the square root of N syndrome. PMID- 7360790 TI - The Monte Carlo calculation of integral radiation dose in xeromammography. AB - A Monte Carlo computer program has been developed for the computation of integral radiation dose to the breast in xeromammography. The results are given in terms of the integral dose per unit area of the breast per unit incident exposure. The calculations have been made for monoenergetic incident photons and the results integrated over a variety of X-ray spectra from both tungsten and molybdenum targets. This range incorporates qualities used in conventional and xeromammography. The program includes the selenium plate used in xeroradiography; the energy absorbed in this detector has also been investigated. The latter calculations have been used to predict relative values of exposure and of integral dose to the breast for xeromammograms taken at various radiation qualities. The results have been applied to recent work on the reduction of patient exposure in xeromammography by the addition of aluminium filters to the X ray beam. PMID- 7360791 TI - A theoretical study of cavity chamber correction factors for photon beam absorbed dose determination. AB - Theoretical expressions have been derived for the contributions to ionisation density in cavity chambers from secondary electrons arising from photon absorption in wall, build-up cap and surrounding medium. The method allows the derivation of C lambda and displacement factors, which are evaluated for the Farmer graphite chamber for a range of photon beams. Differences between C lambda values calculated for air-walled and water-walled chambers are found to be consistent with those determined by Nahum and Greening. The currently recommended displacement factor for the Farmer chamber with cap, however, is found to be in error by about 0.8%. On the basis of a comparison between theoretically predicted air doses in cavities and the experimental results of Fregene it is proposed that no further correction to C lambda is required for the chamber 'effective point of measurement'. PMID- 7360792 TI - Comparison of the microdosimetric event-size method and the twin-chamber method of separating dose into neutron and gamma components. AB - Microdosimetric measurements of event-size spectra, made with a proportional counter, are being used increasingly for separation of dose components in mixed n gamma fields. Measurements in fields produced by 8.3 MeV deuteron bombardment of thick beryllium and deuterium targets were made in air and at 6 and 12 cm depth in water with a spherical tissue-equivalent (TE) proportional counter and with a pair of calibrated ion chambers (TE-TE and Mg-Ar). The dose results obtained with the two methods agree well for the neutron components, but the gamma components do not demonstrate consistent agreement. An important source of error in the microdosimetric method is the matching of the spectra measured at different gain settings to cover the large range of event sizes. The effect of this and other sources of error is analysed. PMID- 7360794 TI - The experimental determination of C lambda using an absorbed dose calorimeter. AB - The absorbed dose conversion factors, C lambda, were introduced, by Greene and Massey, as an interim measure until a primary standard for high energy photon dosimetry could be established. The theoretical basis of these factors has been discussed extensively and a more rigorous definition has emerged. Experiments have been carried out to determine the values of C lambda, for a Tufnol walled, Baldwin-Farmer ionisation chamber over a range of energies from cobalt-60 to 12 MV. The experimental results, based on measurements with a calorimeter, presented here support the more rigorous definition but it is shown that the values obtained depend, to a small extent, on the assumptions made about the detailed construction of the ionisation chamber for which C lambda is measured. PMID- 7360793 TI - The perturbation correction factor of ionisation chambers in beta-radiation fields. AB - In determining the absorbed dose in a solid medium by means of gas-filled ionisation chambers, the perturbation of the radiation field by the chamber needs to be taken into account. So far, an appropriate correction factor has neither been calculated nor measured for beta-radiation. This work describes its experimental determination for an extrapolation chamber and beta-radiation fields of 147Pm, 204Tl, and 90Sr + 90Y. The results show that the correction factor may be assumed to be the product of a shield factor and a scatter factor the magnitudes of which depend on the chamber geometry and the radiation field. The change of the perturbation correction factor with phantom depth is important for the measurement of depth dose curves. This is demonstrated by an example. PMID- 7360795 TI - Calculation of skin temperature increase caused by subcutaneous veins perpendicular to the skin surface. AB - A graphical solution of the temperature increase at the surface of a homogeneous solid due to a linear heat source perpendicular to the surface is given. The calculations correspond to clinical situations for studies of the skin temperature increase over vessels approaching the surface from deeper layers of tissue. Estimations have been made of the maximum distance from the skin surface at which a vein of given diameter may be positioned to be detected in a thermogram. The necessary heat source power to produce a detectable increase in skin temperature is presented graphically as a function of heat source depth. The results can be used for the analysis of the skin temperature pattern by infrared thermography. PMID- 7360796 TI - Thermal diffusivity, specific heat, and thermal conductivity of A-150 plastic. AB - Some thermal properties of A-150 tissue-equivalent plastic have been determined. The results are: thermal diffusivity, 2.72 x 10(-3) cm2s-1 +/- 0.4%; specific heat, 1.72 J g-1 K-1 +/- 1.3%; and thermal conductivity, 5.3 x 10(-3) WK-1 cm-1 +/- 1.4%. The significance of the measurements for the design of a calorimeter core calibration heater is briefly described. PMID- 7360797 TI - Strength of isometric and isokinetic contractions: knee muscles of men aged 20 to 86. AB - Maximum isometric and isokinetic torques of the knee flexor and extensor muscles were measured at three knee joint positions in 72 normal, health men in three age groups from 20 to 86 years. The isokinetic contractions were performed at a speed of 36 degrees per second. The isometric contractions were sustained for five seconds. Strength of the men in the older age groups was significantly less than that of the youngest group. The strength of the isokinetic contractions was significantly less than that of the isometric contractions for all joint positions. The men in the oldest age group generally took longer than the younger men to reach peak torque during the isometric contractions. The torque values provide base-lines for evaluating patients with knee joint disabilities. PMID- 7360798 TI - Considerations in ultrasound therapy and equipment performance. AB - A regulatory performance standard for ultrasound therapy equipment has been published by the Bureau of Radiological Health under the authority of The Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968. To clarify this standard and its intents, a number of topics relevant to the use of ultrasound in physical therapy are discussed, including the physics of ultrasound, equipment output measurements, and the harmful biological effects of ultrasound. PMID- 7360799 TI - Positioning frames for improved care of patients in spica casts. PMID- 7360800 TI - Modification of temporary below-knee sockets for amputees with absent or diminished sensation. PMID- 7360801 TI - Profession--a paradox? PMID- 7360802 TI - Muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7360804 TI - Precautions about ethyl chloride. PMID- 7360803 TI - Muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7360805 TI - The "reverse" latissimus dorsi muscle and musculocutaneous flap: anatomical and clinical considerations. AB - A "reverse," posteriorly based transposition of a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap on its segmental blood supply is presented. This adds new possibilities to this versatile and reliable musculocutaneous unit. The variable modes of blood supply to the musculocutaneous units are discussed, and the question of the strategic vascular and neurosympathetic delays are raised. PMID- 7360807 TI - The microarterial anatomy of the dorsalis pedis flap and its clinical applications. AB - This study was undertaken to clarify the microanatomic details of the cutaneous branches of the dorsalis pedis artery. The microarterial anatomy of the dorsalis pedis flap area and its clinical implications are described. PMID- 7360806 TI - Correction of Poland's pectoralis major muscle anomaly with latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps. AB - This paper describes a new indication for the latissimus dorsi muscle or musculocutaneous flap, which has been applied to the treatment of congenital, unilateral absence of the pectoralis major muscle for formation of the anterior border of the axilla, by simulation of the pectoralis major muscle using the latissimus dorsi muscle. The results of this operation were satisfactory for both the patients and the surgeon. PMID- 7360808 TI - Cricothyroidostomy in head and neck surgery. AB - Cricothyroidostomy is a procedure whose time has come back. Having been quickly and widely readopted by thoracic surgeons in the past 4 years, it is a technique that is particularly advantageous to the head and neck surgeon for many reasons. In the absence of any compelling experience to the contrary, we foresee a diminishing role for the "standard" tracheostomy. Cricothyroidostomy appears to be a safe and effective procedure. PMID- 7360810 TI - A prospective psychological study of 50 female face-lift patients. AB - Fifty female face-lift patients were evaluated preoperatively with psychological tests and psychiatric interviews. Their postoperative psychological courses were studied for up to 6 months. Approximately 30% had postoperative depressive reactions. These reactions were primarily correlated with a preexisting, clinically detectable depression, high depressive Beck scores, or a depression prone personality pattern. There was no statistical correlation between postoperative depressive reactions and magical expectations, post-operative complications, marital status, recent bereavement, relationships with spouse and family, or concerns about death. Preoperative depression scores were often transiently intensified postoperatively, but usually eventually stabilized at a level lower than the preoperative scores. Many women showed postoperative psychological improvement. Twenty-eight percent had an increase in self-esteem, 8% felt better able to cope with life, and 8% were more assertive and confident in their work. The desire to improve self-image and to advance in a career were reasonably reliable predictors of psychological improvement. PMID- 7360811 TI - Significance of levator muscle sling formation in cleft palate surgery: evaluation by electrical stimulation. AB - The effect of levator muscle sling formation in cleft palate surgery was evaluated by electrical stimulation of the muscle at surgery. Palatal movement before and after sling formation was recorded through a force transducer. After muscle sling formation, the soft palate was elevated more effectively toward the retropharynx and its mobility increased remarkably. The surgical procedure, which had been proposed on the basis of anatomic considerations, was proved to be effective for improving velopharyngeal function. PMID- 7360809 TI - The extended neck lift: the "bottom line". AB - Although adequate submental lipectomy and procedures to reposition and modify the supportive role of the platysma muscles have added to the quality and duration of neck lifts, the "bottom line" is still excision of as much excess skin as possible. A method of extended neck lift is described. It involves ancillary methods of cervical lipectomy and platysma repositioning but it also permits excision of large amounts of excess skin, by extending the posterior incisions medially and inferiorly and pulling the dog ears toward the midline. The results appear to make the additional effort worthwhile. PMID- 7360812 TI - Seven years' survey of our new cleft foot repair. AB - The reconstruction of lobster-cleft foot is no longer considered from a functional point of view only. The aesthetic appearance of the repaired foot is now considered to be equally important. Since we reported the reconstruction of five toes in 1976, we have operated on 8 patients, totaling 16 cleft foot anomalies. We have followed-up these patients from 3 years to 7 years. As a result, we emphasize that this operative method is excellent in terms of both the function and the aesthetics, and the newly formed toes help to prevent pincer like deformities. Since those deformities become more serious as a result of weight-bearing, we are convinced that this operation should be done before the patient is 1 year of age, preferably at about 8 months, before walking. PMID- 7360813 TI - Irrigating solutions for small blood vessel surgery--a histologic comparison. AB - Rat femoral vessels were clamped and perfused internally in situ for 30 minutes using five different irrigating solutions (normal saline, lactated Ringer's solution, Normosol R, pH 6.2 and 7.4, and glutathione buffered Ringer's solution). After the blood flow was reestablished, the vessels were excised at 30 minutes or 48 hours after irrigation and were sectioned longitudinally for light microscopy. Normal saline consistently produced the most severe damage. None of the agents tested proved biochemically atraumatic, and none were consistently superior to lactated Ringer's solution. Endothelial hyperplasia and platelet deposition were unexpectedly frequent findings at 48 hours. PMID- 7360815 TI - Repair of trochanteric trophic ulcer with bilateral iliofemoral pedicle flaps. AB - Details of the advantages of treating trochanteric trophic ulcers with iliofemoral axial pattern flaps are presented. PMID- 7360814 TI - Clinical use of vibratory stimuli to evaluate peripheral nerve injury and compression neuropathy. AB - The classical approach to evaluating the hand with impaired sensibility is unsatisfactory and frequently incorrect. Since the perception of vibratory stimuli is mediated through the same neural pathways as moving touch, we investigated the clinical use of the tuning fork in 101 patients with peripheral nerve injury and compression neuropathy. In potential nerve lacerations, the preoperative tuning fork evaluations accurately predicted the intraoperative findings: diminished perception of vibratory stimuli correlated with a neural conduction block, due usually to complete nerve division. Furthermore, this study suggests that diminished vibratory perception may be the earliest indication for surgical intervention in the acute compartment syndrome. We concluded that the clinical use of vibratory stimuli to evaluate peripheral nerve injury and compression neuropathy is valid, reliable, expeditious, and a test with high patient acceptability. PMID- 7360816 TI - Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. AB - A diagnosis of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia should be considered for patients with an undeveloped breast or other deformities. Recognition of the syndrome can lead to necessary and helpful genetic counseling and will ensure that other members of the family, who may also be affected by the syndrome, are under proper care. PMID- 7360818 TI - Cystic change in the wrist, causing carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - An unusual case of a degenerative cyst, causing median nerve compression within the carpal tunnel, is reported. PMID- 7360819 TI - Congenital arteriovenous malformation of the face and scalp. AB - A case of congenital arteriovenous fistula of the forehead and scalp is presented. A review of the embryology, incidence, clinical findings, and diagnostic techniques is discussed along with the various modes of therapy. The ideal treatment of congenital arteriovenous malformation is early, total removal of the tissue involved. PMID- 7360820 TI - Expansion of smaller vessel diameter by fish-mouth incision in microvascular anastomosis with marked size discrepancy. AB - We have found that to expand the diameter of the smaller vessel by a fish-mouth incision is useful in performing microvascular end-to-end and end-to-side anastomosis, with marked discrepancy in size. PMID- 7360821 TI - Inverted nipples. AB - A method of correction of inverted nipples is presented, which appears to be simple, safe, and effective, leaving little scarring. PMID- 7360817 TI - The nondelayed thoracoepigastric flap: coverage of an extensive electric burn defect of the upper extremity. AB - A large, nondelayed thoracoepigastric flap extending 6 cm beyond the posterior axillary line was used to cover an extensive electrical injury of the right upper extremity. PMID- 7360822 TI - Neurovascular protection in the sagittal split osteotomy. AB - The Dautrey modification of the sagittal split (cleavage) of the mandible is a safe operation when performed frequently using the correct technique and when wide, lateral ramus retractors are used to give posterior protection to the major neurovascular structures in this region. PMID- 7360823 TI - Aggressive management of the hanging columella. AB - The aggressive management of the hanging columella is presented and extends the direct attack on the medial crura to total excision of both medial crura and the overlying vestibular skin. Tip support is maintained. PMID- 7360824 TI - Possible explanation of successful latissimus dorsi flap without the thoracodorsal artery. PMID- 7360825 TI - Certainty: a failed quest? AB - Can the quest for certainty ever succeed? The focus in this paper is on psychoanalytic considerations about certainty and on the issue of certainty within psychoanalytic theory and practice. The relation of certainty to truth, knowledge, and belief is discussed. The universal quest for certainty and the efforts to achieve it are examined; the uncertainties of science, including psychoanalysis, are emphasized. PMID- 7360827 TI - Adolescent sexuality in the light of group processes. AB - Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is used to illustrate several connected theses regarding the relation of the couple to its surrounding social group: these include a couple's oedipal rebellion, the unconscious longing for and hatred of the idealized couple by the large group, the denial of aggression within the couple and its projection onto the group, the impotence of rationality and the conventionalization of sexuality in the large group, and the pervading dynamics of aggression in group formation. Pertinent psychoanalytic theories are briefly summarized, and this combined analysis is applied to the psychoanalyst's attitude regarding adolescent patients' love life. PMID- 7360828 TI - Symposium on object relations theory and love. Introduction. PMID- 7360829 TI - Symposium on object relations theory and love. On the intrapsychic function of falling in love. AB - Freud once planned a comprehensive "study of man's love life." Although only fragments of this project ever appeared in print, much of it can be reconstructed from Freud's letters and other sources. After tracing the evolution of Freud's thinking on this topic, the author proposes that there are five functions of the ego which are associated with falling in love. The bliss of falling in love is seen as the result of a revival of feelings that once belonged to the symbiotic phase of infancy. Other findings of Mahler are considered in terms of their significance for the understanding of love. PMID- 7360826 TI - Symposium on object relations theory and love. Object concept and object choice. AB - Any considerations of object relations theory and love requires a clear understanding of how the term, object relations, is used. In this contribution the concept of the object as a mental representation is emphasized. Developmentally, the evolution of the object cannot be separated from the vicissitudes of the drives. Sensorimotor experience is metaphorically assimilated in terms of pleasure-unpleasure components. Since the object concept develops in this context, it is inextricably linked to the vicissitudes of the drives. In later experience, these become organized in terms of persistent unconscious fantasies that ultimately affect object choice and patterns of loving. These are multiple determined and are influenced by contributions from all levels of development, predominantly integrated under the aegis of the oedipus complex. PMID- 7360830 TI - The international reference center on psychotropic drugs--activities, plans, and news briefs. PMID- 7360831 TI - Dextroamphetamine: cognitive and behavioral effects in normal and hyperactive boys and normal adult males. PMID- 7360832 TI - Children of affectively ill parents: psychiatric status determined by structured interview. PMID- 7360833 TI - Characteristics and regulation of the norepinephrine receptor-coupled adenylate cyclase system in the limbic forebrain. PMID- 7360834 TI - Histamine and psychotropic drugs. PMID- 7360835 TI - Psychotropic drugs and histamine H1-receptors of cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells. PMID- 7360837 TI - Characterization of neuronal pathways and receptors of brain histamine. PMID- 7360836 TI - Reports from WHO Collaborative Reference Centers for the Study of Psychotropic Drugs. Current research and training in Denmark. PMID- 7360838 TI - Possible functions of brain histamine. PMID- 7360839 TI - Prediction of relapse in recurrent affective disorder. PMID- 7360840 TI - Affective episode frquency and lithium therapy. PMID- 7360841 TI - The endorphins: natural peptides for pain, pleasure, and other purposes. PMID- 7360843 TI - Pharmacology of phenethylamine trace amines in the dog--discussion. PMID- 7360842 TI - Phenylethylamine (PEA) and phenylacetic acid (PAA) in the urine of chronic schizophrenic patients and controls. PMID- 7360845 TI - Chromosome banding techniques. PMID- 7360844 TI - Assessment of dopaminergic function in schizophrenia [proceedings]. PMID- 7360846 TI - Applications of chromosome banding techniques in psychiatric research. PMID- 7360848 TI - Platelet heterogeneity. PMID- 7360847 TI - Human skin fibroblasts in neuropsychiatric disorders. PMID- 7360850 TI - Reports from WHO Collaborative Reference Centers for the Study of Psychotropic Drugs. Current research in Mexico. PMID- 7360849 TI - Resumes of research projects in psychopharmacology. PMID- 7360851 TI - Brain-specific benzodiazepine receptors and putative endogenous "benzodiazepine like" compounds. PMID- 7360852 TI - Psychological reactions to sterilization procedures. PMID- 7360854 TI - Hypnosis in psychosomatic medicine. PMID- 7360853 TI - Predicting response to antidepressants: demographic and personal history variables. PMID- 7360855 TI - Psychiatric education of nonpsychiatrists: is it relevant to medical practice? PMID- 7360857 TI - Family practice, psychiatry, and psychosomatic medicine: Quo vadis? PMID- 7360856 TI - Age, stressors, and psychosomatic disorders. PMID- 7360859 TI - Denial of cardiac warnings. PMID- 7360858 TI - Hospital treatment of the encopretic child. PMID- 7360860 TI - Marihuana as a therapeutic agent for muscle spasm or spasticity. PMID- 7360863 TI - The essentials of planning in the N.H.S. PMID- 7360861 TI - Death anxiety on a coronary care unit. PMID- 7360864 TI - Breast feeding and development. PMID- 7360862 TI - Neuropsychiatric effects of chemotherapeutic agents for cancer. PMID- 7360865 TI - Relationship of academic departments of community medicine with the National Health Service and the Department of Health and Social Security. PMID- 7360867 TI - Cancer morbidity measurement. PMID- 7360866 TI - The impact of a California Indian Health Program as reflected in hospitalization trends. PMID- 7360868 TI - The community physician as change agent. PMID- 7360869 TI - Characteristics of attendants in day-care centres and nurseries in Nigeria. PMID- 7360870 TI - Health risk appraisal: the estimation of risk. PMID- 7360871 TI - Weight control and nutrition education programs in occupational settings. PMID- 7360872 TI - Smoking cessation programs in occupational settings. AB - For reasons of health and economics, the business community is displaying a growing interest in providing smoking cessation programs for employees. An examination of the current research on smoking cessation methods has revealed a number of promising directions that smoking cessation programs can take, for example, aversive smoking approaches combined with self-control strategies. A review of current smoking cessation programs in occupational settings revealed some emphasis on physician counseling, but a relatively greater emphasis on use of consultants (especially in proprietary programs) or of contingency programs to encourage nonsmoking.The smoking cessation programs in businesses can move in a number of innovative directions, including (a) increased use of inhouse programs with a variety of smoking cessation strategies; (b) greater emphasis on the training of program participants in nonsmoking behavioral skills, combined with contingency or incentive programs for smoking control; (c) vastly improved research methods, including complete followup assessments of program participants and chemical tests to validate their self-reported abstinence; (d) greater concern about the need for empirically tested procedures for recruitment of participants for the programs; and (e) expanded interchange among behavioral scientists (especially behavioral psychologists), health professionals in occupational health and medicine, union and employee groups, and management. PMID- 7360873 TI - Hypertension control programs in occupational settings. PMID- 7360874 TI - Bureau of Health Facilities' increasing responsibilities in assuring medical care for the needy and services without discrimination. PMID- 7360875 TI - Health planning--a new phase. PMID- 7360876 TI - Summary of the 1979 health planning amendments. PMID- 7360877 TI - Comments on "Infant mortality in Newark, New Jersey". PMID- 7360878 TI - Fraction of energy absorbed from beta-emitting particles in the rat lung. PMID- 7360880 TI - Deuterium oxide enhancement of Chinese hamster cell response to gamma radiation. PMID- 7360879 TI - Radiation effects on membranes. II. A comparison of the effects of X irradiation and ozone exposure with respect to the relation of antioxidant concentration and the capacity for lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7360881 TI - Cell cycle-dependent radiosensitivity in two-cell mouse embryos in culture. PMID- 7360882 TI - Age and its influence on effects of iodine-131 in guinea pig thyroid glands. PMID- 7360883 TI - Protective effects of interferon in mice previously exposed to lethal irradiation. PMID- 7360884 TI - Alteration in frequencies of different classes of chromosome aberrations throughout the first cell cycle following X irradiation. PMID- 7360885 TI - The L5178Y S/S murine leukemic lymphoblast: a radiosensitive, malignant cell of stable karyotype. PMID- 7360886 TI - Effects of sodium pentobarbital on the radiation response of EMT6 cells in vitro and EMT6 tumors in vivo. PMID- 7360887 TI - Analysis of blood gas values in mice following pulmonary irradiation. PMID- 7360888 TI - The effects of X radiation on the retina of the albino rabbit as viewed with the scanning electron microscope. PMID- 7360889 TI - Comparison of two mathematical models for describing heat-induced cell killing. PMID- 7360890 TI - Comparative effects of ionizing radiations on cycle time and mitotic duration. A time-lapse cinematography study. PMID- 7360891 TI - Effects of low-level alpha radiation on intracellular energy metabolism. PMID- 7360892 TI - Survival of mouse testicular stem cells after gamma of neutron irradiation. PMID- 7360893 TI - The chronological development of late radiation injury in the liver of the rat. PMID- 7360894 TI - High LET dose measurements in patients undergoing pion radiotherapy. PMID- 7360895 TI - Irradiation shortens the survival time of red cells deficient in glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7360896 TI - Chromosomal aberrations in persons accidentally irradiated in Vinca 19 years ago. PMID- 7360897 TI - A rapid method for in vitro macrocolony assay in heavily inoculated cultures. PMID- 7360898 TI - Detection of induced DNA strand breaks with improved sensitivity in human cells. PMID- 7360899 TI - Determination of thymine ring saturation products of the 5,6 dihydroxydihydrothymine type by the alkali degradation assay. PMID- 7360900 TI - [Change in the radiosensitivity of blood system cells in mice in a period of prolonged chronic gamma irradiation]. PMID- 7360901 TI - [Effect of ionizing radiation on the enzymatic binding by subcellular structures. 2. The radiosensitivity of soluble and mitochondria-bound lactate dehydrogenase and aldolase]. PMID- 7360903 TI - [Effect of cysteine on the cell membranes in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma normally and in gamma irradiation]. PMID- 7360905 TI - [Radiation lesion of the lymph nodes of rats through the intratracheal uptake of cenium-144]. PMID- 7360902 TI - [Biological action of ionizing radiation in chronic hypoxia. 1. A dose dependence study of lethality in rats irradiated at different stages of adaptation to altitude hypoxia]. PMID- 7360904 TI - [Effect of adenosine triphosphate on the functional state of the small intestine of mice under local irradiation of the abdomen]. PMID- 7360906 TI - [Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on the hemopoiesis of irradiated and nonirradiated animals]. PMID- 7360907 TI - [Prophylactic and therapeutic role of the B group vitamin, mesoinositol, in radiation sickness against a background of the use of a milk and egg diet]. PMID- 7360908 TI - [Effect of radiation on aldolase biosynthesis and molecular hetereogeneity in the blood and liver of rats]. PMID- 7360909 TI - [Outcome of the inhalational administration of polymeric plutonium-239 to dogs]. PMID- 7360910 TI - [Mutagenic and antiradiation activity of plant growth regulators]. PMID- 7360911 TI - [90Sr and 137Cs migration in water-freshwater plant and water-soil systems]. PMID- 7360912 TI - [Use of the stimulating action of gamma irradiation in growing green onions commercially]. PMID- 7360913 TI - [Mechanisms of chromatin degradation in the thymocytes of irradiated rats. 2. The dependence of degradation on the dosage and the time after irradiation]. PMID- 7360914 TI - [Nucleic acid metabolism in the hemopoietic tissues of polycythemic rats under prolonged fractionated irradiation]. PMID- 7360915 TI - [Mediated action of ionizing radiation on the adenylate cyclase activity of rat embryonic liver cells]. PMID- 7360916 TI - [Age-related changes in the radiosensitivity of animals and critical cell systems. 2. The radiosensitivity of hemopoietic colony-forming units in mice of varying age]. PMID- 7360917 TI - [Patterns in the development of a nonspecific cellular reaction and the modification of chemical protection. 2. An analysis of the dependence of the effectiveness of chemical protection on the conditions of the exposure]. PMID- 7360919 TI - [Stimulating action of gamma irradiation and alkylating compounds on the brine shrimp, Artemia salina. 1. Stimulation of the life span of A. salina that hatch from cysts irradiated or treated with alkylating compounds]. PMID- 7360918 TI - [Radiosensitivity of the body in the irradiation of animals in an altered gaseous medium. 2. A comparative study of the effect of breathing pure normobaric oxygen during irradiation on the radiosensitivity of hemopoietic tissue and the small intestine]. PMID- 7360920 TI - [Evaluation of the radioprotective effectiveness of aminoalkylthiophosphoric derivatives. 2. The radioprotective effectiveness of sodium S-(S-thioethyl-2 amino)thiophosphate]. PMID- 7360923 TI - [Effect of tritium oxide on the DNA structure of animal tissues]. PMID- 7360921 TI - [Acute inhalational lesion in dogs from plutonium-239 dioxide particles of submicron size]. PMID- 7360922 TI - [Comparative biological effectiveness of 125I and 131I in experiments on rats]. PMID- 7360924 TI - [Similarity of an experimental model and natural conditions in strontium-90 accumulation by freshwater plants]. PMID- 7360927 TI - Perception. PMID- 7360925 TI - [Tryptophan protection of DNA under conditions reinforcing the component bond in the gamma irradiation of solutions]. PMID- 7360928 TI - The use of radiography in the investigation of crime. PMID- 7360926 TI - [Effect of irradiation on RNA and nuclear protein biosynthesis in regenerating rabbit muscle tissue]. PMID- 7360930 TI - A new nuclear-imaging system. PMID- 7360929 TI - Unreported radiographs--a problem and a partial solution. PMID- 7360931 TI - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. PMID- 7360932 TI - Angiography using a gamma camera. AB - This paper describes a simple technique for imaging the aorta, femoral and popliteal arteries and for assessing the rate and magnitude of blood flow in these vessels following a small intravenous injection of a radionuclide. The passage of the radionuclide along a particular vessel is monitored with a gamma camera/computer system. PMID- 7360933 TI - [Significance of the liver cell in elimination of cholegraphic agents (author's transl)]. AB - The isolated rat liver is used a model to demonstrate the role of the liver cell in the hepatocellcular elimination of cholegraphic contrast agents. The liver morphology determines the passage of the contrast agent from the liver sinus, into the hepatocyte and out into the bile duct, whereby the entry into the liver cell and its excretion into the bile play the most important role. Our results show that the binding of the cholegraphic agents to the plasma protein causes a delay in the cellular uptake; however, this binding it is important to prevent premature renal excretion. An active carrier-mediated transport mechanism is presumed. Y and Z proteins enhance the cellular uptake, the intracellular transport and the biotransformation of the compounds; the exact mechanism being yet unknown. An active transport mechanism also exists at the site of cellular excretion, the capacity of which limits the amounts and the concentration of the excreted agent in the bile, and which can be inhibited competitively. Knowledge of these pharmacokinetics is important for cholegraphy and its interpretation. PMID- 7360934 TI - [The interdisciplinary role of radiology (author's transl)]. AB - Close contact with the other medical specialties is mandatory for diagnostic and therapeutic radiology. There is constant need for radiology - as for other specialties - to review its position in the scope of all medical specialties; specialties which can roughly be separated into three categories: specialty by organ, by disease or by method. Radiology would best fit into the "specialty method" category, similiar as surgery. Radiologic advice to other medical specialists concerning indication for a radiodiagnostic or radio-therapeutic procedure ist nearly as important as the procedure itself. The same is valid for joint tumor-conferences in radiotherapy and for joint clinico-radiological confereces in radiodiagnosis. PMID- 7360935 TI - Oral cholecystography: is the fatty meal always necessary? AB - In our study we have collected 1000 consecutive cases of oral cholecystographic opacification of the gall-bladder and common bile duct; occasionally a complimentary intra-venous cholangiography had also been carried out. In 360 cases there was disease of the gall-bladder or a faint opacification of the common bile duct was abnormal in only three cases, which is a rate of 0,47%. Therefore the fatty meal after oral cholecystography should not be done in each case but only if there is a presumptive diagnosis of pancreatic disease, if there is pancreatic calcification, or if surgery has been previously performed on the biliary tract or duodenum. PMID- 7360937 TI - [Ultrasonography in liver echinococcosis (author's transl)]. AB - The presence of daughter cysts within the original cyst is a typical feature of cystic echinococcus disease. Due to this, a reliable (preoperative) diagnosis by ultrasonography alone can be made when demonstrating these daughter cysts - as shown in 2 exemplary cases, verified by serology and histology. PMID- 7360936 TI - [Rupture of a hydatid cyst of the liver into the bile ducts evaluated by computerized tomography (author's transl)]. AB - Case report of an cysto-biliary fistula in hydatid disease of the liver evaluated by computed tomography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. PMID- 7360938 TI - [Cruveilhier-von Baumgarten-syndrom. Evaluation by ultrasound and computerized tomography (author's transl)]. AB - A desobliterated umbilical vein was sonographically detected in a 52 years old man suffering from liver cirrhosis. The vein was seen in the sonogram as a tubelike, sharply outlined, echofree formation, measuring 1-1,5 cm in diameter and located at the dorsal site of the abdominal wall; a circumscribed dilatation in the cranial part of the vein was remarkable. The findings were confirmed by CT examination. Density values of the vein increased after contrast injection from 50 HE to 80 HE. The vessel could be followed along its way in the falciforme ligament and caudad of the umbilicus. PMID- 7360939 TI - [The value of CT in the evaluation of bile ducts and gallbladder (author's transl)]. AB - Initially, the history of radiographic diagnosis of the gallbladder is reviewed. Then, examples are given to demonstrate morphology and topography of a normally and an abnormally developed gallbladder. Then, CT findings of pathology of the biliary system are demonstrated, such as calculi, inflammation, hydrops and neoplasia. A postulation is made that not only should CT be used in cholestasis but also in a nonvisulized cholecystrogram. The value and the limitations of CT are pointed out, as well as the necessity to always include the evaluation of bile ducts and gallbladder in the analysis of obscure clinical upper abdominal findings. PMID- 7360940 TI - [Value of the 201-thallium scintigram in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in patients with and without myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7360942 TI - [Radiographic features of a giant true cyst of the pancreas (author's transl)]. AB - Case report of a 48 year old female patient with a large abdominal mass, found to be a true cyst of the pancreas following surgical removal. Plain film findings were a large soft tissue mass in the abdomen to the left of the midline, displacement of small bowel and colon descendens with splenic flexure to the right, and upward displacement of stomach and left kidney. A renal scan showed decreased uptake in the area of the lower pole of the left kidney. Angiography demonstrated the mass to be of cystic nature with the cyst wall getting its blood supply from two left renal arteries. Celiac and mesenteric arteries were displaced to the right. The origin of the cyst was in the tail of the panpcreas; and its wall had true epithelial lining. Special emphasis is made on the value of checking for amylase in the work-up of cystic abdominal masses. PMID- 7360943 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage: technique, results, and applications. AB - Internal catheter drainage was achieved in 46 of 62 consecutive patients (71.4%) undergoing percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTHBD). External drainage was achieved in 12 patients (19.3). Thus the overall success rate was 58 of 62 (93.5%). Postprocedural bilirubin levels returned to normal in 14 cases (22.5%), while bilirubin declines greater than 10 mg resulted in half the cases. Complications related to procedures occurred in three patients, although no deaths resulted. Late episodes of cholangitis were common (9/62 or 14.5%). Postprocedural care of the biliary drainage catheter included evaluation and management of acute biliary sepsis, persistent hyperbilirubinemia, electrolyte depletion, as well as catheter occlusion, bleeding, and dislodgement. PTHBD offers an effective new radiological alternative to surgical therapy of biliary obstruction. PMID- 7360941 TI - [Soft tissue technique--lateral view of the foot (author's transl)]. AB - For exact anatomic analysis, radiographs are made of and correlated with anatomic sections of a cadaver foot. Three regions are being differentiated: The dorsal and the plantar and the calcaneal region. Normal findings are being presented as well as some pathologic soft tissue changes with special emphasis on the syndrome of "high edge calcaneus". PMID- 7360944 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: the significance of an air-fluid level in the sphenoid sinus. AB - The radiographs of 13 patients with proved cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas were reviewed, with special attention paid to the presence or absence of an air fluid level in the sphenoid sinus. The findings on plain radiographs and tomograms were compared to carefully documented sources of CSF leak. Seven patients demonstrated air-fluid levels in the sphenoid sinus even though the leak was through more anteriorly placed dural defects. The anatomical arrangement of the ostium of the sphenoid sinus is such that fluid will enter the sinus from the superior nasal recess, thus rendering air-fluid levels in the sphenoid sinus is such that fluid will enter the sinus from the superior nasal recess, thus rendering air-fluid levels in the sphenoid sinus a nonlocalizing finding in CSF fistulas. PMID- 7360945 TI - Fistula between the middle ear and subarachnoid space as a cause of recurrent meningitis: detection by means of thin-section, complex-motion tomography. AB - Recurrent meningitis due to a fistula between the subarachnoid space and the middle ear or mastoid cavities has various causes, including congenital anomalies, trauma, and infection. Five cases are described in which thin-section, complex-motion tomograms showed bony abnormalities which suggested both the site and cause of the fistula. Accurate determination of the site of the fistula with this technique facilitated appropriate surgical correction in each patient. Meningitis has not recurred in any of the cases. PMID- 7360946 TI - Meningiomatous changes in the optic canan: a polytomographic study. AB - Eleven patients who had unilateral insidious compression of the optic nerve but exhibited no detectable abnormality on plain skull radiographs or non-tomographic views of the optic canal were studied. Paracanalicular meningioma was proved surgically in 10. Complex-motion tomography demonstrated characteristic alterations in the bone forming the optic canal in all cases. These changes consisted of canal enlargement, changes in contour, and an atypical radiographic appearance of the cortical bone, seen as (a) diffuse, spongy, non-homogeneous thickening of the canal margins; (b) multiple tiny saw-tooth-like exostoses projecting into the canal lumen; or (c) short, well-circumscribed areas of smooth bone thickening. Other techniques such as angiography and pneumoencephalography were not as helpful in the diagnosis as complex-motion tomography. PMID- 7360947 TI - Angiographic false positive diagnosis of carotid artery dissection. AB - A case is presented in which angiography provided a false positive diagnosis of carotid artery dissection following cervical trauma. At surgery, impingement of the carotid artery by the ansa cervicalis nerve and laceration of the superior thyroid artery were found. PMID- 7360948 TI - Dextroconvexity of the mediastinum in the azygoesophageal recess: a normal CT variant in young adults. AB - Dextroconvexity of mediastinal contents in the azygo-esophageal recess can occur as a normal variant in young adults with relatively small anteroposterior thoracic dimensions. In older patients with a relatively larger thoracic size, the configuration of the azygo-esophageal recess is more concave. Patient age and thorax size should be considered when interpreting possible azygo-esophageal recess pathology. PMID- 7360951 TI - The size of the normal common hepatic duct following cholecystectomy: an ultrasonographic study. AB - Sixty-seven asymptomatic patients underwent repeat ultrasonography four to 16 months following cholecystectomy with or without common bile duct exploration. Fifty-six patients (84%) had common hepatic ducts with a normal internal diameter of 4 mm or less. Four patients had common hepatic ducts measuring 5 mm, and seven patients had common hepatic ducts measuring 6 to 10 mm. It is concluded that, although the common hepatic duct generally is not dilated following cholecystectomy, there is a significant minority (16%) of asymptomatic patients who have common hepatic ducts larger than 4 mm, and in these patients the duct may measure up to 10 mm. PMID- 7360950 TI - Ultrasound patterns of disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract. AB - A mass associated with the gastrointestinal tract was detected by sonography in 33 patients. Etiologies included primary or metastatic tumor; intussusception; inflammation secondary to bowel infarction, pancreatitis, or irradiation; and a dilated, fluid-filled gut related to retained gastric contents, obstruction, ileus, or an ileal bypass. Mesenteric or omental changes were identified with inflammation and frequently with metastatic disease. The diagnosis was confirmed by repeat sonography, abdominal radiography, barium examination of the small bowel, computed tomography, surgery, or autopsy. Ultrasound patterns are characteristic in tumor, intussusception, and inflammation; specific features allowing differentiation between tumor and inflammation are described. Colonic haustra, valvulae conniventes, or bowel contours and peristalsis on real-time sonography are helpful in identifying fluid-filled bowel loops. PMID- 7360949 TI - Computed tomography of absent left pericardium. AB - Pericardial defects rarely cause clinical symptoms and thus are not often recognized. A case is reported in which the CT appearance of complete absence of the left pericardium reflects the abnormal relationship of the heart, pericardium, lung, and great vessels. PMID- 7360952 TI - Accuracy of common hapatic duct size in the evaluation of extrahepatic biliary obstruction. AB - High-resolution real-time ultrasound sector scanning is helpful in showing the normal common hepatic duct. The authors evaluated the accuracy of using a 4-mm internal diameter as the upper limit of normal in evaluation of obstruction. Of 98 patients with jaundice or right-upper-quadrant pain whose duct exceeded 4 mm, obstruction was proved in 84. Fourteen patients had no radiographic or pathological evidence of obstruction, but 7 had undergone cholecystectomy and clinical evidence suggested another 6 had passed a stone before or after the ultrasound study. Of 72 patients with a duct greater than or equal to 4 mm, only one had obstruction; a mass blocked the right and left hepatic ducts. The sensitivity of the test is 99%, the specificity 87%. Thus if the common hepatic duct is more than 4 mm in internal diameter on ultrasound, extrahepatic biliary obstruction is probably present. PMID- 7360953 TI - Comparison of real-time cholecystosonography and oral cholecystography. AB - To evaluate the efficacy of real-time ultrasonography in detecting cholelithiasis, a series of outpatients and inpatients was examined by oral cholecystography and real-time cholecystosonography. In 163 patients, real-time cholecystosonography achieved a sensitivity of 0.91 and a specificity of 0.99. These values are equal to or better than those usually obtained in current B-mode cholecystosonography or some reported series of oral cholecystography. However, technically excellent and meticulously performed oral cholecystography achieves slightly better sensitivity and specificity than real-time cholecystosonography. The latter is suggested as the initial examination for hospitalized patients, those with abnormal liver function studies or gastric outlet obstruction, and pregnant women. Real-time ultrasonography should also be used when the gallbladder is not adequately opacified on initial oral cholecystography if a sequential dose examination cannot be readily accomplished. PMID- 7360955 TI - Ultrasonography of the iliac arteries. AB - Ultrasound is an effective means of evaluating the iliac arteries, especially in (a) patients with aortofemoral grafts, who are subject to false aneurysm, hematoma, and abscess; and (b) elderly patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms who are at greater risk for iliac aneurysms. While iliac aneurysms are uncommon, recognition is essential, since the complications of rupture are lethal. PMID- 7360954 TI - Liquefactive necrosis of the pancreas: the pancreatic sac. AB - The authors describe an unusual form of pancreatic necrosis in which the excavated necrotic core is surrounded by a shell of tissue and forms a sac which generally conforms to the axis and contour of the pancreas. This debris containing sac could be misinterpreted on ultrasound and CT and is best defined by direct injection into the pancreatic duct. PMID- 7360956 TI - Temporal resolution requirements for left ventricular time-activity curves. AB - To investigate framing rate requirements for left ventricular (LV) time-activity curves, ECG-synchronized blood pool studies of 33 patients were compared to independent techniques for evaluation of LV function. There were no significant differences in LV ejection fractions determined using different framing rates. Systolic time intervals calculated from 64- and 32-point curves were similar and correlated well with those obtained by standard methods (r = 0.81, p less than 0.001). Results from 16-point curves were worse (p less than 0.02). There were no differences between peak ejection and filling rates obtained with 64- and 32 point curves compared to angiography, but the rates calculated using 16-point curves were significantly slower (p less than 0.05). The findings suggest that LV time-activity curves acquired at 16 frames per RR interval do not provide optimum quantification of LV function indexes other than the ejection fraction. PMID- 7360958 TI - Bone scintigraphy for neonatal osteomyelitis: simulation by extravasation of intravenous calcium. AB - Intravenously administered calcium gluconate has become increasingly popular in the treatment of neonatal tetany. Occasionally, extravasation results in cellulitis, leading to a clinical diagnosis of superimposed osteomyelitis. Osseous scintigraphy, as the accepted modality in the early detection of osteomyelitis, would tend to be used in this circumstance. This case illustrates a false-positive result, probably due to soft-tissue calcification. PMID- 7360957 TI - 99mTc-MDP uptake in nonosseous lesions. AB - A strikingly similar, massive, soft-tissue localization of 99mTc-MDP is described in three patients who had tumoral calcinosis, mild-alkali syndrome, and chronic renal failure, respectively. Although the basic mechanism for this phenomenon is unknown, some derangement of calcium and phosphate metabolism was present in all three cases. PMID- 7360959 TI - Immediate renal imaging and renography with 99mTc methylene diphosphonate to assess renal blood flow, excretory function, and anatomy. AB - 99mTc methylene diphosphonate (99mTc MDP) was evaluated as a clinical renal imaging agent in 20 patients referred for bone scintigraphy. Sequential scintigraphy, which was started immediately after injection, yielded blood flow studies of high quality, and subsequent images accurately delineated renal anatomy and excretion in nonazotemic patients. In comparison with delayed images, early images were vastly superior in quality and demonstrated improved target-to nontarget activity ratios(p less than 0.001) and improved lesion detectability (p less than 0.01). Renal imaging performed incidental to bone scintigraphy with MDP can be greatly enhanced by initiating sequential scintigraphy immediately after injection. PMID- 7360960 TI - Solitary plasmacytoma of bone and soft tissues. AB - Between 1956 and 1978, nine patients with solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB) and seven with extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) were treated at the University of Washington Hospital and Swedish Tumor Institute. All but one patient had local radiotherapy. In the SPB group, six of nine patients progressed to multiple myeloma (MM) and five died of disease within three years after dissemination. Three of the nine patients are alive at 5, 8, and 16 years, respectively. In the EMP group, none of the seven patients progressed to MM. Five are alive 16 months to 23 years after radiotherapy. Since there are no reliable criteria for prospectively distinguishing true solitary plasmacytoma from occult MM, all patients with apparently isolated plasmacytoma should receive local radiotherapy with curative intent. PMID- 7360961 TI - Evaluation of absorbed dose in mammography: monte carlo simulation studies. AB - Computer programs for calculation of the backscatter factor and absorbed dose in breast phantoms are developed based on Monte Carlo simulation. Rad/roentgen conversion factors are calculated for water, fat, a mixture of 50% water and 50% fat, and lucite irradiated with monoenergetic and polyenergetic x rays from a tungsten or molybdenum anode x-ray tube. These factors can be used to estimate skin dose, average depth dose, or average integral dose in a breast when the beam quality, exposure in air at the skin position, and composition of the breast are known. Calculated backscatter factors are considerably greater than measured values reported previously. PMID- 7360962 TI - Enhancement of video images. AB - The enhancement of radiographic and fluoroscopic images using simple video analog techniques is described. In each instance, both the degree of enhancement and the features of the image to be enhanced are under the direct control of the radiologist. Noise is suppressed with a sharp cut-off, low-pass filter. Three types of analog circuits are discussed. One provides edge sharpening and contrast enhancement; one allows either black or white suppression, with expansion of the remaining shades of gray; and one provides an exponential response to selectable portions of the input signal. PMID- 7360963 TI - Dynamic changes in the caliber of the major bile ducts, related to obstruction. AB - In two patients with biliary obstruction, significant changes in the diameter of the extrahepatic bile ducts were seen over a seven-day period. The ultrasonographic and cholangiographic findings are presented. PMID- 7360964 TI - Acoustic shadow formation by gallstones. AB - Schlieren photography of gallstones and models of gallstones made from amorphous substances has demonstrated that acoustic shadowing depends primarily on the orientation of the surface of the stone in relation to the sound beam, not the composition of the stone. PMID- 7360965 TI - Prediction of radiation-related small-bowel damage. AB - In order to predict which patients have a high risk for radiation-related small bowel damage, the concept of the dose-response curve was applied to the predisposing factors (number of previous laparotomies, extent of surgery, thin physique, hypertension, age, cancer stage, number of treatment days, fractionation, and weight change during radiotherapy) present in 92 patients receiving identical radiation doses and volumes. This analysis allows an estimate of the probability of complications to be assigned to individual patients. The utility and limitations of the dose-response concept are discussed. PMID- 7360966 TI - Dosimetry of a silicone breast prosthesis. AB - Dose measurements were conducted in a phantom which simulates breast tissue and in another phantom which simulates a breast containing a silicone prosthesis. No detectable difference was found when the irradiations were carried out with tangential beams of 60Co radiation. The degree of backscatter and absorption of radiation by the prosthesis and phantom were also similar. A slight decrease in dose of approximately 8% was found at the interface between the prosthesis and muscle-equivalent material. PMID- 7360967 TI - A new method of simultaneous multisection tomography with cerebral angiography. AB - The authors describe a method that allows simultaneous multisection tomography with cerebral angiography. The high quality tomograms can be used for preoperative diagnosis of aneurysms and determination of blood supplies to tumors. PMID- 7360968 TI - Supine metrizamide myelography: a technique for achieving excellent visualization of the thoracic cord and conus medullaris. AB - The authors describe a supine positioning method for metrizamide myelographic studies, which results in excellent visualization of the thoracic cord and conus medullaris. PMID- 7360969 TI - A head rest for cervical myelography. AB - A simple device for maintaining a patient's head position while performing cervical myelography is described. This holder permits patients to assume a comfortable position and is especially ideal when using lateral puncture at C1-2. PMID- 7360972 TI - Edge enhancement of computed tomograms by digital unsharp masking. AB - Edge enhanced images can be produced on existing commercial computed tomographic equipment by a method called "digital unsharp masking" without any expense or computer software development. This technique permits display of anatomic areas having an extremely wide range of densities, while making edge detail more apparent. PMID- 7360970 TI - Use of a gradient intensifying screen for scoliosis radiography. AB - A gradient intensifying screen composed of rare earth phosphors and calcium tungstate was developed. It provides uniform film density when there is a graded increase in subject density. Use of this screen for scoliosis radiography provides an improved image and reduces radiation exposure. PMID- 7360971 TI - Elimination of blur in linear tomography: a simple method using the X-ray processor. AB - Using a filter with the x-ray automatic processor can eliminate blur in tomograms. A suitable filter requires 2-cm displacement and 1.2 to 1.6 density. PMID- 7360973 TI - Reusable data card for multiformat camera. PMID- 7360974 TI - A simple electron cone interlock system for the clinac-18. AB - A simple electron cone-collimator interlock system has been developed for the Clinac-18. Each cone is assigned a special slot in the storage cabinet and, upon being taken for treatment setup, sends out a binary coded decimal (BCD) signal to the control console. The voltage from the collimator setting must match the BCD signal or a comparator logic will drive the fault matrix to prevent the accelerator from energizing. PMID- 7360975 TI - A simple method of obtaining single-frame films from videotape records. PMID- 7360979 TI - Radiological diagnosis of acute gastric anisakiasis. AB - The radiological and clinical features of 41 cases of acute gastric anisakiasis, a form of visceral larva migrans caused by eating poorly cooked fish containing Anisakis larvae, are reviewed. The most important radiological finding, present in 31 patients (76%), was the demonstation of a thread-like filling defect approximately 30 mm long. Suggestive but indeterminate findings such as coarse, broad gastric folds due to mucosal edema were demonstrated in 10 patients (24%). In no case was the radiological examination negative. Once the presence of this larva is suspected, it can often be demonstrated radiologically using careful technique and interpretation. PMID- 7360976 TI - Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. PMID- 7360977 TI - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: relationship to silicosis and pulmonary infection. AB - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare disease with varied radiographic and clinical manifestations. Thirteen patients are presented and the role of pulmonary lavage in management is illustrated. Six patients had associated diseases such as nocardiosis, leukemia, and silicosis. The broad spectrum of relationships found in alveolar proteinosis suggests that it represents one mechanism by which the lung responds to a variety of insults. PMID- 7360978 TI - Castleman disease: unusual manifestations of an unusual disorder. AB - Castleman disease was originally described in 1954 as a form of localized mediastinal lymph-node hyperplasia. It has also been reported as a solitary mass in the hilar region or peripheral lymph nodes. The authors describe 4 cases, 3 in the chest and 1 in the neck. The intrathoracic lesions involved (a) the middle portion of the superior mediastinum with extension into the neck, (b) the posterior paravertebral mediastinum with extension into the posterior intercostal spaces, and (c) the extrapleural posterior chest wall, respectively: this last case is unusual in that the tumor recurred in the same site several years after removal. The clinical, radiological, and pathological features are presented. PMID- 7360980 TI - Ileal lymphatic metastases from cecal carcinoma. AB - Involvement of the terminal ileum in cases of cecal carcinoma usually results from direct extension through the cecal wall and ileocecal valve. Extensive lymphatic metastasis from cecal carcinoma can result in deranged lymphatic flow and apparently cause metastatic involvement of the ileum and its mesentery in the absence of direct extension. Three cases with the lymphatic obstruction pattern are described. Demonstration of these changes on antegrade small bowel examination indicates that extensive lymphatic metastasis has occured and that resection will not be curative. PMID- 7360981 TI - Unilateral primary osteoarthritis of the hand in monoplegia. AB - Unilateral osteoarthritis of the functional hand was observed in a 67-year-old monoplegic woman. The contralateral hand with flaccid paralysis was spared. In this and similar cases in the literature, there is apparently some need for neural innervation to an extremity for osteoarthritis to develop. PMID- 7360982 TI - Segmental reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. AB - The classical findings of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome (RSDS), OR Sudeck's atrophy, include pain, swelling, limitation of motion, and patchy demineralization, all of which usually affect an entire extremity. This report presents two cases of RSDS which involve only a portion of an extremity--the fourth and fifth fingers. It is concluded that this segmental distribution is best explained by neural pathway transmission. PMID- 7360983 TI - Concomitant axial cineangiography and barium esophagography in the evaluation of vascular rings. AB - Six vascular rings were evaluated using axial biplane cineangiography and concomitant barium esophagography. Three patients had a double aortic arch, two had a right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery with a foreshortened left ligamentum arteriosum, and one had a pulmonary vascular sling. Barium was administered in the esophagus of the anesthetized patient followed by cineangiography. Five patients were evaluated using both the standard and four chamber projection, while the sixth patient with the pulmonary sling was evaluated in the standard and sitting projection. With the four-chamber view, vascular rings were exposed and atypical features such as a small right aortic arch component and branch stenoses of the brachiocephalic arteries were revealed. Axial views with an esophagogram allow easier morphologic analysis and more precise definition of the vascular abnormality than conventional views. PMID- 7360985 TI - Prenatal evaluation of partial obstruction of the urinary tract. AB - Hydronephrosis was discovered in a fetus at the end of the second trimester. Serial sonographic studies over an eight-week period clearly showed the obstruction to be incomplete. This was confirmed in the early neonatal period. PMID- 7360984 TI - Angiography in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. AB - Eleven cases of Leg-Calve-Perthes disease were studied angiographically by opacifying the femoral or medial circumflex artery. In the early stages of the disease, obstruction of the superior capsular arteries and devascularization of the epiphysis is shown. At later stages, revascularization of the epiphysis is observed. The balance between the respective vascular territories of the dilated superior and inferior capsular arteries is variable and seems to affect the position of the sequestrum and the centering of the femoral head. Immobilization with the thigh extended may impede revascularization of the epiphysis. PMID- 7360986 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of herniated nucleus pulposus. AB - In this study, the effectiveness of computed tomography(CT) in diagnosing herniated nucleus pulposus was evaluated. Sixteen CT examinations which were interpreted as positive for a herniated disk, and were intraoperatively confirmed, were reviewed. In all 16 patients, CT demonstrated posterior protrusion of the disk and displacement of anterior epidural fat. Calcification within the protruding disk was noted in several patients, and an extruded disk fragment identified by CT in two. In all cases, the CT findings correlated closely with the surgical findings. This study suggests that CT accurately demonstrates disk herniation. PMID- 7360987 TI - Current concepts in cerebrovascular disease. I. PMID- 7360988 TI - Transient cerebral ischemia: definition and natural history. PMID- 7360989 TI - Human relations training program: prescription for rehab staff satisfaction. PMID- 7360991 TI - Brain corticosterone in lactating rats: possible relation to the attenuation of the pituitary-adrenocortical response to stress. AB - In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of suppression of the plasma corticosterone stress response in the lactating female rats, nonstress levels of corticosterone in plasma and hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, hippocampus and pituitaries were determined in the lactating and nonlactating Sprague-Dawley rats at 1600-1700 hr by the protein binding assay. The brain corticosterone levels were significantly higher (64-92%) in the lactating than in nonlactating rats, while the plasma corticosterone levels were identical. We conclude that the suppression of the stress response in the lactating female rats is directly or indirectly related to the high basal levels of corticosterone in the brain, which result from a chronic hyperactivation of the endocrine axis. PMID- 7360990 TI - Vocational rehabilitation counseling and advocacy: an analysis of dissonant concepts. PMID- 7360992 TI - Lipid peroxidation as a consequence of glutathione depletion in rat and mouse liver. AB - Treatment of rats and mice with either vinylidene chloride or diethylmaleate led to a time-dependent depletion of liver glutathione (GSH). Incubations of liver homogenates from such glutathione-depleted animals resulted in a large increase of the spontaneous lipid peroxidation. This was suppressed by the hepatoprotective agents (+)-cyanidanol-3 and dithiocarb which may both act as antioxidants and radical scavengers while dithiocarb, in addition, inhibits the microsomal monooxygenase system. Addition of glutathione in a physiological concentration range totally inhibited lipid peroxidation. These findings are interpreted in terms of glutathione depletion leading per se to an increased lipid peroxidation, possibly due to its lack as part of the cellular defence system against endogenous toxic intermediates. PMID- 7360993 TI - Lysis of erythrocytes as a result of microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by CCl4 or FeCl2. AB - Rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation as measured by malondialdehyde formation induced by the NADPH-dependent metabolism of CCl4 led to a concomitant lysis of erythrocytes added to the incubation mixture. The hemolytic process was closely related to the rate of malondialdehyde formation. The time elapsed for initiation and completion of hemolysis and the rate of malondialdehyde formation correlated well with the concentration of CCl4 used. Similar results were obtained during FeCl2-induced microsomal lipid peroxidation and hemolysis. The occurrence of products with hemolytic activity during CCl4-induced microsomal lipid peroxidation is discussed in relation to the hepatotoxicity of CCl4. PMID- 7360994 TI - Rat liver regeneration in the presence of nonbenzenoid aromatic agents: ferrocenes and cycloheptatrienes. AB - The extent of liver regeneration in partially hepatectomized rats was increased over a period of 10 days on feeding a basal diet supplemented with 1,1' diacetylferrocene at 0.15% by weight but the respective differences over the controls were not significant with diets containing ferrocene (0.10 and 0.30%) and acetylferrocene (0.10%) or on sc injection of these agents in peanut oil solution. Tropolone and colchicine supplemented at 750 and 100 PPM, respectively, depressed the regenerative process. The wet and dry liver weight percentages were increased in intact rats fed acetylferrocene (0.15%) or diacetylferrocene (0.060%) but not with ferrocene (0.20%) or with the three injected by the sc route. Hepatic iron deposition was extensive in operated rats fed ferrocene and diacetylferrocene but was far lower in the intact animals on these diets or in the groups injected with the agents. PMID- 7360996 TI - Bis(methylmercuric) selenide as a reaction product from methylmercury and selenite in rabbit blood. AB - The compound formed by the reaction of methylmercury and selenite in rabbit blood was characterized. When methylmercuric chloride (10 nmol) and sodium selenite (10 nmol) were added to rabbit blood (1 ml), about 6.5 nmol of mercury and 3.2 nmol of selenium were extracted with benzene. Mercury and selenium thus transferred into benzene at the molar ratio of 2 : 1 were confirmed to form a single compound which was identified as bis(methylmercuric) selenide :(CH3Hg)2Se. The formation of (CH3Hg)2Se from methylmercury and selenite in blood, presumably by the participitation of glutathione (GSH), might play a role in the protective effect of selenium against methylmercury toxicity. PMID- 7360995 TI - Biochemical effects of subacute formic acid vapor exposure. AB - Male Wister rats were exposed to 20 ppm of formic acid vapor for three and eight days, 6 h daily. Analyses for neurochemical effects and effects on drug metabolizing enzymes in liver and in kidneys revealed significant changes. Cerebral glutathione increased initially above the control range and decreased at eight days while lysosomal acid proteinase increased at the same time. Liver ethoxycoumarin deethylase increased somewhat above the control level at the end of the exposures while hepatic glutathione decreased. Kidney cytochrome P-450 was below the control range at all times as was its glutathione content. Formic acid is an end-product of methanol metabolism as well as a thermal degradation product of polyethylene plastics, and therefore, its metabolic effects may play a role in methanol or polyethylene fume exposures. PMID- 7360997 TI - Estramustine phosphate: plasma concentrations of its metabolites following oral administration to man, rat and dog. AB - Estramustine phosphate, a nitrogen mustard derivative of estradiol used for the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer, was administered orally to man, rat and dog and the plasma concentrations of its unconjugated metabolites were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. In all species the drug was rapidly and completely dephosphorylated prior to reaching the peripheral circulation. In man and the rat, the 17-keto analogue of estramustine (estromustine) was the mamor metabolite found in plasma with considerably lesser amounts of estramustine itself. In the dog, significant concentrations of both estramustine and estromustine were present. Highly elevated levels of both estrone and estradiol, as a result of cleavage of the nitrogen mustard from the steroid, were observed in all species. Chronic administration of therapeutic doses of estramustine phosphate to man did not result in any apparent accumulation of circulating metabolites. The study suggests that the metabolite, estromustine, in addition to estramustine, may play an important role in the therapeutic efficacy of estramustine phosphate. PMID- 7360998 TI - Stability of apomorphine in frozen plasma samples. AB - Apomorphine is relatively stable in plasma samples that are frozen for four weeks. Addition of 5mM ascorbic acid extends stability to at least ten weeks. The increased stability resulting from the antioxidant treatment may facilitate handling of plasma samples from clinical studies utilizing apomorphine. PMID- 7360999 TI - Interaction between cadmium and phenobarbital on the activity of the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase system in the male rat. AB - Pretreatment of male rats with phenobarbital markedly stimulates, while treatment with cadmium inhibits, the activity of the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase enzyme system. When both agents were administered concomitantly, the stimulatory effect of phenobarbital and the inhibitory effect of cadmium cancelled each other. PMID- 7361000 TI - Nuclear activation of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform. AB - Highly purified rat liver nuclear preparations are able to activate anaerobically CCl4 and aerobically CHCl3 to reactive metabolites that bind to lipids and proteins. Activity in nuclear preparations is smaller than in microsomes but of the same order of magnitude. PMID- 7361001 TI - Effect of ethanol and nicotine in the pregnant rat. AB - Treatment of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats on day 9 of gestation with both ethanol (0.02 ml/gm of a 12.5% or 25% solution, i.p.) and nicotine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) resulted in no significant adverse effects on embryonic development and fetal viability. PMID- 7361002 TI - Binding of some meso-tetraphenyl porphyrins with apohemoglobin and methemoglobin. AB - Six tetraphenylporphyrins have been studied for their binding with human apohemoglobin and methemoglobin. Four showed binding with apohemoglobin, in a way hemin binds, to form analogs of recondtituted hemoglobin. Five porphyrins bound with methemoglobin, perhaps, through random ionic interaction. PMID- 7361003 TI - Drug-specific antibodies in human serum? AB - In view of the fact that all drugs possess the potential to stimulate an immunological response when administered to man, it was proposed that certain individuals in the general population may have developed high antibody titres to certain commonly used drugs. Human serum samples were incubated with radioactively-labelled drugs and the amount of IgG antibody present was determined by coprecipitation. Using the method outlined, we were unable to detect any antibodies specific for acetylsalicylic acid, ampicillin, erythromycin, lidocaine, penicillin, procainamide or tetracycline, and conclude that drug-specific immunoglobulins are not one of the major factors involved in the equilibrium between the free and bound drug forms. PMID- 7361004 TI - Anticonvulsive activity of indenoimidazolidinones and related heterocyclic compounds in mice. AB - A series of substituted cyclic ureides and related compounds, one of them a thio analog, were synthesized by condensing ninhydrin with urea, thiourea, dimethylurea or other aromatic or bifunctional agents. When tested against seizures induced in mice by the chemoconvulsant Metrazol or against audiogenic seizures, four compounds decreased either the incidence or the severity of convulsive manifestations and protected from mortality in seizures. The effective compounds were not toxic at the administered level (150 mg/kg) and produced few observable sedative effects. PMID- 7361006 TI - Contribution of gut contents, intestinal wall and liver to the first-pass metabolism of clonazepam in the rat. PMID- 7361005 TI - Contractile capacity of seminal vesicles from rats in different hormonal conditions. AB - Isometric contractions of seminal vesicles excised from normal, castrated, estradiol-, testosterone- or norandrostenolone - treated castrated rats were recorded in order to compare their contractile capacity. When expressed as grams of tension per strip of muscle, the vesicles of the castrated rats exhibited the smallest contractile capacity. The contractile force of the organs taken from estradiol-treated castrated rats was higher than that shown by the vesicles of castrates but smaller than those taken from normal, testosterone- or norandrostenolone- treated-castrates. There was no correlation between the contractile force and previously reported reactivity of seminal vesicles. PMID- 7361007 TI - [The role of the carotid bodies to respiratory regulation studied by altitude acclimatization, metabolic acidosis and denervation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7361008 TI - [Hypoxic pulmonary edema: pathophysiology and measurement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7361009 TI - [Recent trends in the studies on problems concerning the central respiratory physiology. (6)]. PMID- 7361010 TI - [Changes in radius of the digital arteries due to pulsations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7361011 TI - [Coronary arteriogram during attacks in a patient with rest angina pectoris demonstrating ST-T depression --Evaluation of coronary arteriospasm and collateral development (author's transl)]. PMID- 7361012 TI - [Application of a catheter-tip electromagnetic velocity probe in the study of the ventricular volume analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7361013 TI - [Systolic abnormal movement (SAM) in mitral valve prolapse]. PMID- 7361014 TI - [Changes of the left ventricular configuration under various hemodynamic intervention using two dimensional ultrasonic method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7361015 TI - [Regional myocardial function in ischemic heart--experimental studies (1)]. PMID- 7361016 TI - [Serum myoglobin level in patients with cardiovascular diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7361017 TI - [J-wave in a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage and hypothermia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7361018 TI - The independent effects of atmospheric pressure and oxygen partial pressure on gas exchange of the chicken embryo. AB - CO2 production and air cell PCO2 were continuously measured during late development in the chicken egg while acutely exposed from one to three hours to various O2 concentrations ranging from 11 to 39%. A small but significant increase in metabolism, ca. 8%, was found when O2 concentration was above normal values, while a reduction to 70% was observed when O2 concentrations were below normal, and fell to 50% when maintained for three hours. These values were also compared with metabolic rates reported by Lokhorst and Romijn (1965, 1967)) who incubated eggs continuously at reduced O2 concentrations as well as under reduced barometric pressure, and showed that at the same ambient PO2 the metabolism was significantly higher in the eggs at reduced barometric pressure. We attribute this difference to the increased diffusion coefficient of O2 which is inversely related to the barometric pressure. It illustrates that the ambient partial pressure of O2 and ambient atmospheric pressure exert an independent effect upon gas exchange of the avian embryo. PMID- 7361019 TI - The role of intracellular buffers in acid-base disturbances: mathematical modelling. AB - Shifts of Na+, K+, Cl- and HCO3- between the cells and extracellular fluid of nephrectomized mammals in acute response to hypercapnia and to HCl or KCl infusion are simulated in steady state models involving just intracellular buffering and a simply defined interdependence of ionic gradients. Such models integrate diverse kinds of data and suggest new interpretations. In respiratory acidosis K+, HCO3- and water leave some cells and move both to where chemical buffering is least (ECF and other cells) and to cells that regulate pH particularly well by active transport. Buffering by erythrocytes is important, but the effects of distinguishing erythrocytes from other cells in a model is mainly just to emphasize Cl- movements. Effects of departures from the mammalian norm of body composition are explored. PMID- 7361020 TI - Respiratory neuromuscular response to CO2 rebreathing with inspiratory flow resistance in humans. AB - The effects of inspiratory flow resistance on mouth occlusion pressure (P0.15) and diaphragmatic EMG (EMGdi) responses to CO2 rebreathing were studied in normal subjects. Occlusion pressures were measured 150 msec after onset of an inspiratory effect; EMGdi was analyzed as a moving time average and quantified in terms of peak activity and rate of rise of activity. After a control CO2 response was obtained in each subject, rebreathing was repeated 30 min later with either of two inspiratory flow resistive loads, 5 cm H2O/L/sec (IR5) and 14 cm H2O/L/sec (IR14). With IR5 (6 subjects), the P0.15 response was decreased in two subjects, unchanged in two, and increased in two; peak EMGdi was unchanged in all, while rate of rise of EMGdi response decreased in 4 of the 6 subjects. With IR14 (6 subjects, 9 runs), the P0.15 response was not decreased in any subject, remained unchanged in 4, and increased in 5; peak EMGdi response to rebreathing in all runs was, again, unchanged by this load, but rate of rise of EMGdi was decreased in 3 and unchanged in 6. The inspiratory off-switch threshold as reflected by peak diaphragmatic activity was not changed by inspiratory flow resistance, whereas inspiratory neural drive as reflected by the the rate of rise of activity was decreased in some subjects. The decrease in inspiratory drive without change in inspiratory off-switch threshold resulted in prolongation of inspiration in an attempt to effect efficient lung expansion. However, the defense of ventilation during rebreathing with both resistances appeared to mainly depend on the response of inspiratory muscle force (P0.15), since in 7 of the 7 runs in which the P0.15 response was significantly increased from control, the ventilatory response was not decreased. PMID- 7361021 TI - [Urine analysis using paper reagent strips. Comparison with conventional chemical analysis]. PMID- 7361022 TI - [Treatment of moderate arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7361023 TI - The clinical assessment of joint inflammatory activity in rheumatoid arthritis related to radiological progression. AB - A simple clinical method for the assessment of joint disease activity is described, and analysed with respect to radiological progression of erosive disease. Ninety-four patients with rheumatoid arthritis attending a special research clinic as part of a prospective study were studied over a three-year period. A significant correlation was found between clinical activity, assessed at intervals of four months, and progressive erosive disease but not with juxta articular osteoporosis. This clinical method compares favourably with a modification of the articular index described by the Cooperating Clinics of North America. PMID- 7361024 TI - Foot function in juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - Measurement of the force distribution under the foot has been used to assess the effect of juvenile chronic arthritis on foot function. The results obtained from the feet of eight patients were compared with the feet of 11 normal children. The peak forces and contact times were measured for functional areas of the foot. When considered as a group, the patients had significantly reduced loading under all the toes and the two medial metatarsal heads, and increased contact time for the heel. PMID- 7361025 TI - Intra-articular osmic acid in rheumatoid arthritis: five years' experience. AB - Two hundred and one patients (305 knees) with rheumatoid arthritis received intra articular osmic acid in one or both knees. Assessment was based on pain relief, warmth, tenderness, size and presence of effusion, degree of synovial thickening and range of pain-free movement. Satisfactory results were obtained in 61% at one year gradually reducing to 22% over a five-year period. If only those knees with none or minimal joint damage were considered, then a satisfactory result was obtained in a higher percentage, 74% at one year and 38% at five years. PMID- 7361027 TI - Knee-joint temperature measurement using a differential thermistor thermometer. AB - A simple method for measuring joint inflammation with a differential thermistor probe thermometer was applied to acute synovitis of the knee. Temperature assessments were made immediately before and serially after intra-articular steroid therapy. The method was capable of showing a significant difference in temperature between inflamed and normal knees. Knee temperature assessments correlated well with clinical parameters and were essentially independent of room temperature. PMID- 7361026 TI - Choline magnesium trisalicylate versus ibuprofen in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A double-blind study compared choline magnesium trisalicylate (Trilisate tablets, Purdue Frederick) (CMT) and ibuprofen (IPF) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The seven-week trial in 134 ambulatory patients, of whom 68 received CMT and 66 received IPF, was conducted as a multicentre study. Both CMT and IPF were highly effective in reducing significantly all symptoms that had worsened following the discontinuance of previous therapy. The anti-inflammatory effect of CMT produced a significantly (P less than 0.05) greater reduction in the number of swollen joints, compared to IPF, in patients completing all required visits. Further clinical study will be required before the full clinical significance of this observation emerges. Incidence of adverse effects for each drug did not differ significantly. PMID- 7361028 TI - [When will x-ray diagnostic examination result in occupational radiation exposure? (author's transl)]. AB - A Federal German x-ray directive prescribes certain precautionary measures and modes of behaviour for persons professionally, i.e. occupationally, exposed to radiation. An essential prerequisite, which may appear trivial at first sight, is that both those responsible for radiation protection and the exposed persons themselves should know who must be classified as occupationally exposed to radiation. The present article goes into this problem by examining the conditions governing four groups of x-ray examinations involving the relatively most frequent periods of stay in the x-ray room on the part of the radiologist and his staff: x-ray examinations of the internal organs, urological x-ray examinations, angiographic/neuroradiologic x-ray examinations, surgery involving use of an image intensifier. It was found that even when taking a pessimistic view, e.g. regarding the switch-on periods, the number of occupationally radioexposed persons in an x-ray department is relatively low in relation to the total staff employed in that department. PMID- 7361029 TI - [Sympathicoblastoma in adults (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on 61-year old female patient with sympathicoblastoma. This disease is seen in only 0.5 - 6.5% adults. 60 - 70% of the patients are less than 5 years old, whereas about 20 - 30% are younger than 20 years of age. 75% of the tumors are metabolically active with increased excretion of catechol amine metabolites. Detailes x-ray examinations must be made besides laboratory tests. Treatment can be effected by surgery, radiotherapy and pharmacotherapy. PMID- 7361030 TI - [Problems in differential diagnosis in pharmacoangiography with angiotensin of the kidney (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on a case material of 225 patients with reference to the effect of angiotensin in angiographic examinations of malignant and benign tumours, as well as of inflammatory processes and non-typical parenchyma patterns, pseudotumours and columns of Bertin, and goes into the details of problems of differential diagnosis. PMID- 7361031 TI - [Radiological findings in renal capsular tumors (author's transl)]. AB - Renal capsular tumors are rare. Preoperative diagnostic is based on radiology. Typical urographical findings are marginal impression and dislocation of the entire kidney without deformation of renal pelvis and calices. Angiography is the most decisive method of investigation, especially in malignant mass lesions. These tumors generally have hypovascular neovascularity without puddling. They can be supplied both by capsular and renal, lumbar and intercostal arteries. The renal parenchyma is contrasted homogeneously without defects, the margin is sharply defined. Computer tomography can best demonstrate the extent of the lesion and distinguish it from neighboring organs; in lipomas and cysts even a histological prediction is justified with this method. Preoperative diagnostic accuracy is limited by the fact, that even the pathologist, in some cases, is not able to decide upon the origin of these tumors. PMID- 7361032 TI - [Percutaneous nephropyelostomy in combination with sonography and x-ray technology (author's transl)]. AB - Sonography guarantees in a simple manner visualisation of the kidneys and of the renal tract independent of functioning. Besides enabling an exact localisation, sonography yields accurate data on the spatial depth. Hence, it must be considered the method of choice for antegrade pyelography and percutaneous nephropyelostomy, especially if the kidney is inactive. The requisite puncture is performed according to a modified Seldinger technique. The article reports on technical details, indication and results based on a study of 20 patients. PMID- 7361033 TI - [Mononucleosis syndromes. Introduction]. PMID- 7361034 TI - [Infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 7361035 TI - [Unusual forms of infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 7361036 TI - [Mononucleosis syndromes. In practice...one should remember...]. PMID- 7361037 TI - [Changes in indications for drugs]. PMID- 7361038 TI - [Legionnaires' disease]. PMID- 7361039 TI - [Chorioretinitis. What do we think about it in 1980?]. PMID- 7361040 TI - [The pseudobulbar syndrome]. PMID- 7361041 TI - [Cardiac complications of various antineoplastic drugs]. PMID- 7361042 TI - [Placebos in current medical practice]. PMID- 7361043 TI - [The placebo in therapeutic trials]. PMID- 7361044 TI - [Treatment of malignant arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7361045 TI - [Analysis of hyponatremia: therapeutic deductions]. PMID- 7361047 TI - [Who can eat butter?]. PMID- 7361048 TI - [Calcium inhibitors. Current indications in cardiology]. PMID- 7361050 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of burns]. PMID- 7361049 TI - [From the physiopathology to the treatment and prognosis of burns]. PMID- 7361046 TI - [Is sport a therapy?]. PMID- 7361051 TI - [Emergency care of burns]. PMID- 7361052 TI - [The treatment of minor burns by the practitioner]. PMID- 7361053 TI - [Organization of burn treatment centers]. PMID- 7361054 TI - [Burn sequelae]. PMID- 7361055 TI - [Gliclazide, a new molecule in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7361056 TI - [A new classification of so-called benign tumors of the bone based on their association with visceral pseudo-tumors]. AB - The combination of benign pseudo-tumors of the bone and visceral lesions are relatively frequent for chondromas, osteomas, fibromas and angiomas, which suggests for this group a pathogenic relationship between the bone lesions and others (dyschromias, endocrinian tumors, leiomyomas, naevus and gliomas) and a common dysembryoplasic origin. In contrast to these " bone hamartomas " there are pseudo-tumoral reactions where associations are exceptional. Also, there are slow tumors, a typical one being the myeloplaxis tumor. This logical classification makes it possible to better understand the pathogeny, the development and the prognosis of the disparate lesion generally described as " benign tumors of the bone ". PMID- 7361057 TI - [Value of synovial biopsy in the diagnosis of arthropathies associated with hyperlipoproteinemias]. AB - In two patients suffering from hyperlipoproteinemias (HLP) type II and also having arthralgias, a biopsy of the synovial membrane of the knees was done. In both cases sodium urate crystals were found. On the basis of this data, the authors emphasize the need for systematic use of biopsy of the synovial membrane in all cases of HLP with articular manifestations. In this way, it was possible to establish the nosographic autonomy of arthropathies combined with HLP. PMID- 7361058 TI - [The rheumatoid foot. Origin of deformations]. AB - Deformations of the foot are a logical and predictable function of the biomechanics of the foot and the constraints undergone by the articulations of the foot, that are unstabilized by the inflammatory process. They result from the combination of three factors : anevolutive teno-articular synovitis, predictible forces (the weight of the extrinsic muscle, the anti-physiological foot), and the congenital morphotype of the foot. Typical deformations (peroneal " coup de vent " of the toes, triangular metatarsus), differ on the clinical level in keeping with the morphotype but respond to the same mechanism. The " coup de vent peronier " remains the most characteristic deformation and is furthered by the excentric action of the extrinsic muscles, and in particular the foot muscle. The common denomination of deformations of the back part of the foot is represented by the valgus calcanean, linked to the action of the weight on the orsion forces that is more or less modified. A better knowledge of the cause of these deformations would make it possible to avoid, if not their apparition, at least their worsening. PMID- 7361059 TI - [Results of surgery of the rheumatoid forefoot. Apropos of 64 cases]. AB - The authors analyze the outcome of 64 operations of different types of rheumatoid conditions in the foot. Of all the techniques used, plantar re-alignment, according to the technique of Lelievre was the most often used, regularly providing satisfactory results. PMID- 7361060 TI - [The contour of the normal foot. A statistical study]. AB - The authors, thanks to a statistical study on 292 young adults with healthy feet, have established the common occurrence, that has been suspected clinically, of the arched foot in the classical sense of the term. If one makes an exception of the black race where the flat foot is rather frequent, the white population normally has an arched foot (incipiens, of the 1st or 2nd degree) in 58.2 per cent of cases in men, which increases to 78.8 per cent in women. As for the classically " normal " foot which rather deserves the term " intermediary ", it is found in the white race in 1/3 of subjects. PMID- 7361061 TI - [Endoprostheses in surgery of the rheumatoid foot]. AB - On the basis of a series of 100 cases of rheumatoid foot, the author details the present surgical indications. As concerns the big toe, he feels that the installation of a Swanson type implant does not bring a marked improvement compared to the simple arthroplastic resection of the Keller type, since it does not seem that the mobility is improved in the long run. As for the lesions af the external toes, the synovectomy stage is almost always bypassed and he suggests the use of Lelievre realignment. He concludes by insisting on the aims of this surgery, which should basically be an improvement of walking, greater comfort in wearing shoes, and a decrease in pain. PMID- 7361062 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis of the wrists with macrogeodes and bone necrosis]. PMID- 7361064 TI - [Rheumatic manifestations of erythema elevatum diutinum]. AB - The authors report on a case of erythema elevatum diutinum developing at the same time as a seropositive rheumatoid polyarthritis. Disulone, moderately active on skin lesions, has little influence on the development of arthritis that have reacted well to treatment with D-penicillamine. A review of the literature makes it possible to identify the type of rheumatismal manifestations and immunological disorders accompanying the dermatosis. Three etiological circumstances must be looked for : focal infection, malignant lymphopathy, connectivitis. PMID- 7361063 TI - [Value of successive chemotherapy in multiple myeloma of bone. Prospective study over 4 years]. AB - In order to study the response of patients with multiple myeloma of the bones (MM) to various anti-cancer drugs (Melphalan M, Cyclophosphamide Cy, Nitrosourea NU, Vincristine V, Adriamycine A and Prednisone P), 70 MM received the following treatment : 1) Induction therapy : a) M and P or b) M and Cy and P ; 2) Levelling with partial or complete response : V Cy P (in case a) or V M Cy P (in case b) ; 3) Relapse : A and NU. The following results were obtained : 1) Only 42.6% of patients respond to induction therapy ; 2) Fewer than 10% of patients showing a response reach a second levelling with Vincristine ; 3) 50% of those not showing a response reach a levelling between --20 and --50 and have prolonged survival ; 4) Only 20% of non responders are improved by Cy P or A and NU. The median actuarial survival is 42 months. Among the responders two poor prognosis factors must be underlined : hypercalcemia and the speed of response. PMID- 7361065 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis in children]. AB - The authors study the diagnosis and the prognosis in 25 children with systemic lupus erythematosus and in 22 children with dermatomyositis. The most frequent signs when the diagnosis is established are articular involvements, erythema of the face, renal disorders and the presence of LE cells. The symptoms are often misleading, which explains the long delay between the first sign of the disease and the time of diagnosis, which can vary between one month to nine years. The prognosis of this disease has improved because of modern treatments : only four patients died, three of them because of renal failure and one because of cerebral embolism, after six months, one year, three years and ten months, In dermatomyositis the most frequent signs at the time of diagnosis are skin involvements and muscular and articular symptoms. The period of time between the onset of the disease and the diagnosis is shorter : one month to four years, 19 times equal to or less than one year, because the clinical picture is quite clear. Ten times the clinical evolution lead to a complete cure, 9 times a clear improvement with sequelae was observed : retractile myelosclerosis, calcinosis and medullary compression. One patient died of intestinal ulceration and two of pneumonia aggravated by involvement of the respiratory muscles. PMID- 7361066 TI - [Diagnostic value of the assay of plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol]. PMID- 7361067 TI - Studies on the isolation and physico-chemical properties of the urinary gonadotropin-inhibiting substance. PMID- 7361068 TI - Vascular lesions in euthyroid goiter. PMID- 7361069 TI - Some aspects concerning taste sensitivity to PTC and dermatoglyphics in children from endemic goiter areas. PMID- 7361070 TI - The 46,X,del(X)(q13) Turner's syndrome. PMID- 7361071 TI - [Pyramidal tract--tractus corticospinalis. Experimental work using the method of antegrade degeneration in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7361072 TI - [Effect of hypoxia on the free amino acid content in the cerebral tissue of the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7361073 TI - [Contribution to clinical aspects and treatment of skin lymphomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7361074 TI - Work conditions, social status and sex differences in primary and secondary enuresis. PMID- 7361075 TI - A longitudinal study of the psychological aspects of myelomeningocele. PMID- 7361076 TI - [Fiberoptical transbronchial lung biopsy. Results of 25 consecutive cases]. AB - Transbronchial lung biopsy using fiberoptic bronchoscope under fluoroscopic guidance was performed in 25 consecutive patients. 13 patients had diffuse lung disease and 12 exhibited infiltrates or nodules without endobronchial lesions. Satisfactory specimens were obtained in 22 of 25 cases. Diagnosis was accurate in 84% of diffuse and 58% of localized lung disease cases. The over-all diagnostic accuracy was 72%. 11 patients had malignant and 7 patients non-malignant interstitial diseases. In 4 patients with abnormal chest radiographs, normal lung biopsies were obtained. There were no serious complications. The fiberoptic transbronchial biopsy technique can be recommended as a safe and well tolerated method with a good diagnostic yield and a low complication rate. The indication, technique, prophylaxis for complications and problems of interpreting small biopsy specimens are considered. PMID- 7361077 TI - [Oncology on horseback]. PMID- 7361078 TI - [Incidence of proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome in renal vein occlusion caused by a tumor]. AB - A retrospective study was conducted in 13 patients with phlebographically diagnosed tumor-induced renal vein occlusion to evaluate the incidence and extent of proteinuria and/or nephrotic syndrome. In 5 patients minimal proteinuria was found, but in none of the patients were the criteria of nephrotic syndrome fulfilled. These data can be used as additional evidence that renal vein occlusion is not the cause of nephrotic syndrome. They underline the hypothesis that, in cases of nephrotic syndrome associated with renal vein occlusion, the thrombic occlusion of the renal vein is a complication of the excessive renal protein loss and developing hypercoagulability. PMID- 7361079 TI - [Basilar artery migraine]. AB - A 53-year-old patient suffering from recurrent severe headache accompanied by visual symptoms was hospitalized for severe headache with brain stem signs. During cerebral arteriography he sustained an attack in which the basilar artery was severely constricted. PMID- 7361080 TI - [Ways of organization for the treatment of malignant neoplastic diseases]. AB - To meet the challenge, quantitative and especially qualitative, of optimum care for the large number of patients with disseminated neoplastic diseases, it is essential to create new, strongly interdisciplinary patient care systems. Acceptance of "medical oncology" as an important new subspeciality of internal medicine and the establishment of well equipped onco-(hematology) divisions, assuring adequate coordination of "total oncological care" within the traditional structure of large regional hospital centers, represents a necessary prerequisite. Adequate therapy and optimal supportive care for the many tumor types and stages must be critically evaluated in suitable controlled, largely cooperative clinical trials. To facilitate such evaluations and guarantee optimal access and care for the majority of tumor patients, the availability of competent and regional distributed clinical tumor centers, and their close coordination in national and international cancer research groups, is extremely important. These regional interdisciplinary tumorcenters (usually within large "maximal care" type general hospitals), and especially their outpatient departments, need to cooperate permanently on a partner-to-partner basis with physicians and smaller non-specialized hospitals in their neighbourhood. They are also responsible for establishing an adequate teaching and consultancy program for physicians, nurses and the public in their area. PMID- 7361081 TI - [25 years of phenacetin abuse]. PMID- 7361082 TI - [Recurrent septicemia with Lancefield-group G streptococci]. PMID- 7361083 TI - [Cooperation between pediatrics and child psychiatry in a pediatric hospital; possibilities and limits]. AB - Cooperation between pediatrics and child psychiatry in a children's hospital is becoming more and more important and necessary in dealing with many common problems such as psychological reactions to physical illness, psychosomatic disturbances, physical examination of psychiatric patients, and disorders and retardation of growth and development. The authors describe a cooperative model which has been developed and proved its usefulness during a period of 10 years. This method is an alternative to the traditional referral or consulting system, which involves little real cooperation between the two specialties, and also to excessive penetration of nonmedical psychology into pediatrics. PMID- 7361084 TI - [Sonography versus angiography in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm]. AB - Angiographic and sonographic examinations have been compared in 15 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. The maximal internal diameter seen in the sonographic examination correlated well with the result of the angiographic examination. Sonography, however, has the advantage that not only the internal but also the external diameter of the aneurysm can be seen. This has an important bearing on assessment of the prognosis. The importance of sonography as a rapid, noninvasive method for diagnosis of abdominal aneurysm is stressed. The role of angiography should be confined to preoperative assessment of the location of the renal arteries, the celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery in relation to the aneurysm itself, and the patency of the latter two arteries. PMID- 7361085 TI - [Postoperative extraction of residual biliary calculi]. AB - Nonoperative retained biliary tract stone extraction is a roentgenologic technique already proposed by Burhenne in 1973, widely employed in the USA and Scandinavia but infrequently used in Western Europe. Our purpose is to popularize, despite our small number of cases (8), a rather safe and elegant technique of extraction which is successful in 90-100% of cases when performed by properly trained radiologists. PMID- 7361086 TI - [The value of serum thyroglobulin determination in the after-care of patients with differentiated thyroid neoplasms]. AB - Plasma thyroglobulin (Tg) was determined by radioimmunoassay in 219 patients with differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland after treatment by total thyreoidectomy and at least 2 131I therapies with a total of 170 mC. Of 145 patients without residual thyroid tissue and a negative whole body scan, 6 patients exhibited significant Tg levels. It remains unclear whether these individuals will develop recurrency later on. Of 23 patients with proven metastases, 14 had extremely high Tg concentrations of greater than 1000 ng/ml. In 6 cases Tg was between 20 and 280 ng/ml and in 3 individuals Tg levels below 10 ng/ml were measured. The reason for low Tg concentrations in some patients with proven metastases is unknown. At present plasma Tg measurements therefore cannot be recommended as substitution for whole body scanning. However, plasma Tg is an important additional parameter in the follow-up of patients with differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. PMID- 7361088 TI - The cell biology of human aging. PMID- 7361087 TI - [Diflunisal in the treatment of coxarthrosis and gonarthrosis. A comparative double-blind study with acetylsalicylic acid]. AB - A double-blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of diflunisal (Unisal), a new derivative of salicylic acid, and acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) was conducted in the rheumatology clinics of the Cantonal Hospital Beau-Sejour, Geneva, and the Triemli City Hospital, Zurich. A total of 38 patients with established osteoarthritis of the hip and/or knee were studied for 12 weeks. The daily dose of diflunisal was 500-750 mg and that of acetylsalicylic acid 2000 3000 mg. After 12 weeks diflunisal was judged superior to Aspirin by both patients and investigators. Among the most important clinical symptoms evaluated were pain and limitation of motion. Side effects, particularly gastro-intestinal symptoms, of sufficient severity to cause discontinuation of therapy were more frequent in the acetylsalicylic acid-treated patients than in the group receiving diflunisal. PMID- 7361089 TI - The physics of somersaulting and twisting. PMID- 7361090 TI - Assessing diagnostic technologies. PMID- 7361091 TI - Environmental analysis. PMID- 7361092 TI - Assessing diagnostic technologies. PMID- 7361093 TI - Assessing diagnostic technologies. PMID- 7361094 TI - Shadow of death over aging. PMID- 7361095 TI - Physicians take on nuclear war. PMID- 7361096 TI - New graduate program in health advocacy. PMID- 7361097 TI - Successful culture of rat embryos on human serum: use in the detection of teratogens. AB - Growth of head-fold-stage rat embryos cultured with human serum for 48 hours was enhanced by supplementation with glucose. Embryo growth (protein and DNA contents) varied with the source of the serum. Serum from 16 of 19 untreated subjects produced normal embryos. Serum from five subjects undergoing cancer chemotherapy and six subjects receiving anticonvulsants was either lethal or teratogenic. PMID- 7361098 TI - Dendrodendritic inhibition: demonstration with intracellular recording. AB - The isolated turtle olfactory bulb was used to characterize synaptic interactions between mitral and granule cell dendrites. First, blockade of antidromic invasion of mitral cell dendrites caused a large decrease in the size of the inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) recorded in mitral cells, indicating that the IPSP results in large part from activity in the dendrites of mitral cells. Second, direct depolarization of mitral cells was followed by an IPSP. In the presence of tetrodotoxin, depolarization of mitral cells evoked calcium spikes (as would be expected for presynaptic membranes) followed by IPSP's. These findings demonstrate that regenerative sodium spikes and axonal pathways are not required for this inhibitory pathway and that the inhibition is indeed a result of local dendritic interaction. Such a pathway provides an obligatory synaptic inhibition of mitral cells following their activation and emphasizes the tight coupling that exists with reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses. PMID- 7361099 TI - Role of nitrogen dioxide in the biosynthesis of nitraosamines in mice. AB - Groups of three to four mice were gavaged with aqueous solutions of 2 milligrams of morpholine, after which they were exposed to nitrogen dioxide in inhalation chambers at concentrations of 0.2 to 50 parts per million for up to 4 hours. At sequential intervals during the exposure, mice were frozen and pulverized in liquid nitrogen, and the mice powder was extracted with ice-cold 35 percent aqueous methanol and dichloromethane; organic-phase concentrates were analyzed for N-nitrosomorpholine with a thermal energy analyzer interfaced to a gas chromatograph. The N-nitrosomorpholine yields, ranging up to about 2.3 micrograms per mouse, were time-dependent relative to the duration of exposure to nitrogen dioxide and dose-dependent relative to the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide; control levels (in mice that were gavaged with morpholine or distilled water and then exposed to air instead of nitrogen dioxide) were less than 5 nanograms per mouse. These preliminary studies demonstrate the in vivo nitrosating potential of nitrogen oxides. PMID- 7361100 TI - Cytosolic and microsomal epoxide hydrolases: differential properties in mammalian liver. AB - The epoxide hydrolase activities of the 100,000 g pellet (microsomal) and 100,00 g soluble (cystosolic) fractions of mouse, rat, and guinea pig liver were measured with three closely related compounds used as substrates. Differences between the species in the distribution of the cytosolic and microsomal hydrolases and in their substrate specificities and pH optima demonstrate why epoxide hydrolase activity in the cytosolic fraction was not detected earlier in spie of intensive work on the microsomal epoxide hydrolase. PMID- 7361101 TI - X-ray and neutron scattering density profiles of the intact human red blood cell membrane. AB - Hemoglobin-free human red blood cell membranes have been prepared with glutaraldehyde to maintain an intact structure on partial dehydration. Treatment of resealed ghosts with poly(L-lysine) produced an essentially constant structural unit and permitted correlation of electron microscopy results with x ray and neutron diffraction profiles. These profiles provide detailed information, for the intact membrane, on the location and relative distribution of lipids and proteins. PMID- 7361102 TI - Food dyes impair performance of hyperactive children on a laboratory learning test. AB - Forty children were given a diet free of artificial food dyes and other additives for 5 days. Twenty of the children had been classified as hyperactive by scores on the Conners Rating Scale and were reported to have favorable responses to stimulant medication. A diagnosis of hyperactivity had been rejected in the other 20 children. Oral challenges with large doses (100 or 150 milligrams) of a blend of FD & C approved food dyes or placebo were administered on days 4 and 5 of the experiment. The performance of the hyperactive children on paired-associate learning tests on the day they received the dye blend was impaired relative to their performance after they received the placebo, but the performance of the nonhyperactive group was not affected by the challenge with the food dye blend. PMID- 7361103 TI - Behavioral responses to artificial food colors. AB - Twenty-two young children, maintained on a diet that excluded certain foods, were challenged intermittently with a blend of seven artificial colors in a double blind trial. Parents' observations provided the criteria of response. One child that responded mildly to the challenge and one that responded dramatically were detected. The latter, a 34-month-old female, showed a significant increase in aversive behaviors. These results further confirm previous controlled studies. PMID- 7361104 TI - Supreme Court hears argument on patenting life forms. PMID- 7361105 TI - Magnetic field of a nerve impulse: first measurements. AB - The magnetic field of the action potential from an isolated frog sciatic nerve was measured by a SQUID magnetometer with a novel room-temperature pickup coil. The 1.2 x 10(-10) tesla field was measured 1.3 millimeters from the nerve with a signal-to-noise ratio of 40 to 1. PMID- 7361106 TI - Bone cancer from radium: canine dose response explains data for mice and humans. AB - Analysis of lifetime studies of 243 beagles with skeletal burdens of radium-226 shows that the distribution of bone cancers clusters about a linear function of the logarithms of radiation dose rate to the skeleton and time from exposure until death. Similar relations displaced by species-dependent response ratios also provide satisfactory descriptions of the reported data on deaths from primary bone cancers in people and mice exposed to radium-226. The median cumulative doses (or times) leading to death from bone tumors are 2.9 times larger for dogs than for mice and 3.6 times larger for people than for dogs. These response ratios are well correlated with the normal life expectancies. The cumulative radiation dose required to give significant risk of bone cancer is found to be much less at lower dose rates than at higher rates, but the time required for the tumors to be manifested is longer. At low dose rates, this time exceeds the normal life-span and appears as a practical threshold, which for bone cancer is estimated to occur at an average cumulative radiation dose to the skeleton of about 50 to 110 rads for the three species. PMID- 7361107 TI - Diphenylhydantoin: pre- and postnatal administration alters diazepam binding in developing rat cerebral cortex. AB - Close correlations between the development of the anticonvulsant effects of diphenylhydantoin and increases in tritiated diazepam binding were observed in rats from fetal day 16 to maturation. In contrast, significant decreases in tritiated diazepam binding were observed in 2- and 3-week-old rats that were exposed in utero to diphenylhydantoin. These changes can be correlated with reported increases in seizure susceptibility after prenatal exposure to diphenylhydantoin. PMID- 7361108 TI - Glucan-induced modification of murine viral hepatitis. AB - Glucan, a macrophage stimulant, was evaluated for its ability to alter survival and phagocytic dysfunction in mice challenged with mouse hepatitis virus strain MHV-A59. Administration of glucan before the mice were challenged with the virus significantly prolonged median survival time but did not modify overall mortality compared with control mice given dextrose. Maximal effectiveness was achieved when glucan was administered both before and after the viral challenge. In contrast to the marked hepatic parenchymal cell necrosis observed in the control mice, glucan-treated mice exhibited reduced pathology. Intraperitoneal administration of MHV-A59 resulted in a significant depression of phagocytic activity compared with controls that were not exposed to the virus. The enhancement in phagocytic function in glucan-treated control mice was unaltered in virus-challenged, glucan-treated mice. Thus glucan is capable of increasing survival, inhibiting hepatic necrosis, and maintaining an activated state of phagocytic activity in mice challenged with MHV-A59. Macrophage stimulants may have a significant role in the modification of virally induced hepatic lesions. PMID- 7361109 TI - Bronchial bifurcations and respiratory mass transport. AB - A new transport mechanism explains the importance of the shape of bronchial bifurcations in the transfer of gases and particles between the atmosphere and the alveoli. Photographs of flow visualization experiments illustrate the effect in models of bronchial branching. The mechanism provides a means of nondiffusional transport that helps to explain normal respiratory exchange of gases as well as successful ventilation with very low tidal volumes, as in some lung diseases and in the high-frequency panting of dogs. PMID- 7361110 TI - Absence of cross-tolerance to heroin in morphine-tolerant mice. AB - Mice implanted with morphine pellets demonstrated a 30-fold increase in tolerance to subcutaneously administered morphine but showed no cross-tolerance to subcutaneously administered heroin. When given morphine intracerebroventricularly, the mice showed no tolerance to morphine or cross tolerance to heroin. These observations depended on the presence of the morphine pellet. If the pellets were removed prior to determinations of potency, the expected responses--tolerance to morphine and cross-tolerance to heroin--were obtained. The blood-brain barrier may be a prime site for the expression of morphine tolerance in mice. PMID- 7361111 TI - Occupational lead exposure: what are the risks? PMID- 7361112 TI - Blue light and bilirubin excretion. AB - Blue light converts bilirubin in the skin of jaundiced rats to metastable geometric isomers that are transported in blood and excreted in bile. The same reaction probably occurs in jaundiced babies exposed to light, particularly during treatment with phototherapy. Excretion of unisomerized bilirubin is prevented by intramolecular hydrogen bonding, and the pigment has to be metabolized to more polar derivatives to be excreted efficiently. PMID- 7361113 TI - Latest saccharin tests kill FDA proposal. PMID- 7361114 TI - A nonadrenergic vagal inhibitory pathway to feline airways. AB - In cats anesthetized with chloralose-pentobarbital and artificially ventilated, electrical stimulation of the caudal end of the cut cervical vagus nerve has a biphasic effect on the bronchoconstriction induced by an intravenous infusion of serotonin. The response consists of a brief augmentation of bronchoconstriction followed by relatively prolonged bronchodilation. After muscarinic receptor blockade with atropine, vagal stimulation causes only bronchodilation. Vagally mediated bronchodilation is not affected by beta adrenergic blockade with propranolol, alpha adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine, or adrenergic neuronal blockade with guanethidine, but is abolished by autonomic ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium. These findings support the conclusion that a nonadrenergic inhibitory nervous system is present in the pulmonary airways of the cat and that the system is supplied by preganglionic fibers in the cervical vagus nerves. PMID- 7361115 TI - Inhibition of cell division and growth by a redox series of cyanine dyes. AB - A series of cyanine dyes used in photography, with reduction potentials from 1.35 to -0.20 volts, were tested for their ability to inhibit mitosis and cell growth in fertilized sea urchin eggs. Low concentrations of dyes with reduction potentials more negative than -1.0 volt generally inhibited mitosis and growth, whereas those with more positive reduction potentials did not. The active dyes penetrated the cell, entered all subcellular compartments, were bound to numerous macromolecules, and inhibited synthesis of macromolecules. Thus mitosis and growth may be retarded with substances that can alter electrochemical activity in cells. PMID- 7361116 TI - Photoluminescent thermometer probes: temperature measurements in microwave fields. AB - Based on luminescence, the photoluminescent thermometer can in principle function in electromagnetic field coupling and perturbation. Several prototypal probes that have been constructed and tested demonstrate the feasibility of the concept. Temperature resolution of approximately 0.3 degrees C has thus far been achieved. The probes are needle-shaped, sturdy and less than 1 millimeter in size. This thermometer system has excellent potential application in monitoring and controlling tissue temperatures when microwaves are used to induce hyperthermia for cancer treatment. PMID- 7361117 TI - Magnesium deficiency produces spasms of coronary arteries: relationship to etiology of sudden death ischemic heart disease. AB - Isolated coronary arteries from dogs were incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate isolation and exposed to normal, high, and low concentrations of magnesium in the medium. Sudden withdrawal of magnesium from the medium increased whereas high concentrations of magnesium decreased the basal tension of the arteries. The absence of magnesium in the medium significantly potentiated the contractile responses of both small and large coronary arteries to norepinephrine, acetylcholine, serotonin, angiotensin, and potassium. These data support the hypothesis that magnesium deficiency, associated with sudden death ischemic heart disease, produces coronary arterial spasm. PMID- 7361118 TI - Faster cholinergic REM sleep induction in euthymic patients with primary affective illness. AB - Arecoline, a cholinergic muscarinic receptor agonist, induced rapid eye movement sleep significantly more rapidly in patients with primary affective illness in remission than in normal control subjects matched for age and sex. These results, and others, suggest that patients with primary affective illness may have a supersensitive cholinergic system both when they are ill and when their symptoms are in clinical remission. PMID- 7361119 TI - Radionuclide bone image in growing and stable bone island. AB - A normal radionuclide bone image can facilitate distinction between a bone island and significant pathologic processes, especially an osteoblastic metastasis. This distinction becomes more crucial when growth is detected in an isolated sclerotic bone lesion or if a relatively large sclerotic lesion is detected de novo in patients with a known neoplasm. This report presents three patients with isolated bone islands: two with interval growth, the other with a relatively large stable lesion; all showing a normal radionuclide bone image. PMID- 7361120 TI - Osseous changes of osteopathia striata associated with cranial sclerosis. An autosomal dominant entity. AB - Association of cranial sclerosis with mixed osteopathia striata is a rate combination which has been proved recently to be an autosomal dominant entity. The present case, apparently sporadic in the kindred, records a further example of this association in a 27-year-old asymptomatic male. PMID- 7361121 TI - Acro-osteolysis occurring in a patient with idiopathic multicentric osteolysis. AB - The first report of acro-osteolysis occurring in a patient with idiopathic multicentric osteolysis is presented. In addition to lysis of the shafts and tufts of thd distal phalanges, erosions developed in the interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, wrist, hip, knee, ankle, and metatarsophalangeal joints. Acroosteolysis can be part of the spectrum of bony erosions present with idiopathic multicentric osteolysis. A modification of a previous classification of idiopathic multicentric osteolysis is presented based upon a review of the literature. PMID- 7361122 TI - Case report 108. PMID- 7361123 TI - Case report 109. PMID- 7361124 TI - Case reort 110. PMID- 7361125 TI - Case report 112. PMID- 7361127 TI - Institutional commitment to diabetes care. PMID- 7361126 TI - Stultification through gadgetry. PMID- 7361128 TI - Brompton's mixture in alleviating pain of terminal neoplastic disease: preliminary results. AB - We conducted a one-year preliminary study on 107 patients in a hospice for incurable cancer to assess the efficacy of a modified Brompton's Mixture (an oral analgesic solution) in alleviating intractable pain. The results presented indicate that in patients who can tolerate oral medication, the present formulation can be used in lieu of parenteral narcotics, often with superior results and always with cost effectiveness. With Brompton's Misture, side effects of parenteral narcotics such as sedation, lethargy, and nausea are avoided. As documented by four representative case reports, the patient is pain-free, ambulatory, communicating with his environment, and experiencing an improved nutritional status, thereby improving the quality of life. Brompton's Mixture appears to be a valuable adjunct to conventional therapy, giving the patient an effective alternative to parenteral medication for control of pain. PMID- 7361129 TI - Sparganosis: clinical and pathologic observations in ten cases. AB - Sparganosis is an infection, usually of subcutaneous tissues, caused by the larva of a tapeworm of the genus Spirometra. Approximately 55 cases have been reported in this country, almost exclusively from the Southeastern states. We report an additional ten cases, all of which presented as a single subcutaneous mass. Questionnaires sent to the involved patients support the concept that the most likely route of infection in man is through the drinking of impure water. The primary significance of this organism is that infestation results in a subcutaneous mass which is clinically confused with neoplastic disease. PMID- 7361130 TI - Fluoridation: a clinician's experience. AB - In 1954 I described a case of chronic fluoride poisoning from artificially fluoridated water, in which the patient exhibited a multisymptomatic clinical picture without noticeable skeletal changes. Subsequently, others and I have confirmed this "nonskeletal phase" of the disease from fluoride in water and in air (in workers in fluoride-emitting factories and in people residing near such factories) and from fluoride-containing drugs. Further details on this disease are presented. In view of the constantly expanding use of fluoride in industry as well as its increase in food, water, and other hidden sources and because of the reactivity of the fluoride ion, the implications of these findings with respect to the etiology of several heretofore unexplained illnesses are discussed. PMID- 7361132 TI - Small-Carrion penile prosthesis for the management of diabetic impotence. AB - Of 128 patients who had insertion of a Small-Carrion prosthesis, 36 were diabetic. The insertion of a penile prosthesis in diabetic patients proved to be safe, without increased incidence of infection or rejection of the prosthesis, provided diabetes is under good control before operation. Cystoscopy and cystometrogram are necessary to exclude any possible obstruction or decompensation, thus eliminating potential risk of urinary infection or further decompensation by penile prosthesis. An interval of six weeks after insertion of the prosthesis is needed for resuming sexual activity. PMID- 7361131 TI - Effect of diabetes upon penile sympathetic nerves in impotent patients. AB - Samples of erectile tissue taken from the corpora cavernosa of 16 male diabetic patients suffering from impotence were studied. The content of norepinephrine, which reflects sympathetic nerve activity of that tissue, was significantly lower in insulin-dependent patients 104.2 +/- 24.8 (SE) pg/mg wet weight (P less than .001) and diet-controlled patients 483.7 +/- 103.7 (P less than .01) than the normal men (881.7 +/- 62.0). Myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers were observed intact and unaltered in each group of patients. The results indicated that normally a dense adrenergic innervation of human erectile tissue is present, but that a reduction occurs in norepinephrine content in diabetic patients with impotence. It appears, however, that the anatomic integrity of the sympathetic nerves is intact. The presence of intact nerve fibers along with a diminished content of neurotransmitter suggests the possibility of pharmacologic treatment of impotence. PMID- 7361133 TI - Roentgenographic changes during long-term diphenylhydantoin therapy. AB - Diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin) is a well known anticonvulsant with well documented effectiveness. The complications, unfortunately, are multiple and well recognized clinically. This paper deals with the roentgenographic changes encountered in long-term diphenylhydantoin use. Some of these changes, which are not clinically readily apparent, may alert unwary physicians in the recognition of diphenylhydantoin-induced disease. PMID- 7361134 TI - Falciform ligament: varieties of imaging experience. AB - The falciform ligament is commonly imaged by various modalities available to most radiologists. When displayed, its diagnostic value is limited, but knowledge of its appearance as encountered on different examinations is useful, lest pathologic significance be applied to its appearance. PMID- 7361135 TI - Acute calcific quadriceps tendinitis. AB - Acute calcific quadriceps tendinitis can be the cause of acute periarthritis of the knee. Physical examination can detect cellulitis and a tender tendon sheath. Lateral roentgenograms of soft tissues show thickening of the tendon and sometimes small flecks of amorphous calcification within the body of the tendon near the attachment. Although hyperostosis of the patella near the tendon attachment is often present, it is well defined ossification and not associated with the acute symptoms. The amorphous calcium deposits quickly disappear during the acute tendinitis and are not detected on follow-up radiologic examination. PMID- 7361136 TI - Spontaneous perforation of the colon. AB - We describe the clinical presentation and surgical and pathologic findings in seven cases of spontaneous perforation of the colon. The dominant categories found were (1) rupture, usually of the cecum, associated with paralytic ileus, and (2) an idiopathic variety, invariably at the sigmoid. Though the onset of cecal rupture in paralytic ileus is insidious and may be anticipated, that of the idiopathic is not. If the clinical triad of sudden urge to defecate, hematochezia, and peritonitis occurs in a previously asymptomatic individual, idiopathic colonic rupture should be ruled out. An abdominal roentgenogram showing free intraperitoneal air strongly confirms the diagnosis. Prompt surgical repair of the rupture usually leads to recovery. PMID- 7361137 TI - Technical complications of ileostomy. AB - A review of 45 patients with ileostomy revealed a complication rate of 24%. A higher incidence of complications was seen in those patients who were obese (80%), who had chronic ulcerative colitis (45%), or who had an emergency ileostomy because of a surgical complication (50%). Strict attention to technic should prevent the majority of these complications. PMID- 7361138 TI - Unexplained conductive hearing loss. AB - We report a series of unusual clinical cases which exhibit what we have referred to as unexplained conductive hearing loss. Audiometrically, these cases typically display mild to moderate conductive or mixed-type hearing loss and good word discrimination (80% to 100%). The otologic evaluations also lend support to the audiometric findings. When polytome roentgenograms were obtained thr results showed a normal inner ear system. Most often, the otologists' clinical impression was a fixed malleus or congenital stapes fixation, and exploratory tympanotomy with inspection of the ossicular chain was recommended. In each case, the ossicular chain was found to be intact. When the incudostapedial joint was separated the malleus and incus were seen to be mobile. Further, palpation of the stapes resulted in good round window reflexes. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are considered. PMID- 7361139 TI - Life events, psychiatric screening, and psychosomatic illness. AB - The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Schedule of Recent Events (SRE) were administered to a consecutive series of referrals to a general hospital psychiatric consultation service. Control groups of psychiatric and medical inpatients matched for age and sex were also evaluated. Significantly greater life change was found in the consultation group as compared to the medical controls, providing further support for the cluster theory of illness. The General Health Questionnaire was found to be an effective screening instrument for nonpsychotic emotional illness in a general hospital inpatient setting. A significant positive correlation between the GHQ scores and the SRE scores suggests a relationship which merits further study in the epidemiology of psychosomatic illness. The implications of the significant correlation of physical and emotional illness to clinical medical practice is briefly discussed. PMID- 7361141 TI - Free plasma DNA in patients with pulmonary embolism. AB - Plasma samples from 46 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism and 25 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction were analyzed for DNA by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Anti-DNA serum was obtained from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who had a high titer of anti-DNA antibodies. Seven of eight patients (88%) with high probability of pulmonary embolism by lung scan criteria had free DNA in their plasma. Six of 21 patients (29%) with low probability scans for pulmonary embolism also had DNA in their plasma. None of the eight patients with normal scans and only one of 13 patients with myocardial infarction had DNA in their plasma. Detection of plasma DNA by CIE is a rapid and simple method of screening for pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7361140 TI - Left ventricular function in sickle cell anemia: a noninvasive evaluation. AB - There is controversy in the medical literature regarding the significance of "sickle cell cardiomyopathy." In an attempt to clarify this, we studied 14 patients with sickle cell anemia (age range 16 to 36 years) using simultaneous echocardiography and phonocardiography. The values of systolic time intervals and echocardiographic indices of left ventricular performance were similar to those reported for normal subjects and those with comparable degrees of anemia. We confirm a previous report of normal left ventricular function at rest in patients with sickle cell anemia and concur with the suggestion that a concomitant heart disease be considered in these patients when cardiac failure supervenes. PMID- 7361142 TI - Conservation surgery of the larynx. AB - The goal of conservation surgery of the larynx is to maintain the protective, respiratory, and phonatory function of that organ while completely removing the malignant disease. Thirty-two patients with endolaryngeal invasive squamous cell carcinoma treated by this method between 1958 and 1967 are evaluated. Our cure rate of 91% by conservation surgery attests to the efficiency of this therapy. PMID- 7361143 TI - Overnight refrigeration of urine specimens for culture. AB - Some authorities state that urine may be refrigerated overnight and still be satisfactory for quantitative bacteriologic evaluation. The papers cited appear to us to be inadequate. Four hundred and fourteen urine cultures were evaluated comparing colony count before and after overnight refrigeration. Overnight refrigeration appears to be a satisfactory means of urine preservation for culture. PMID- 7361144 TI - Farmer's lung: industrial hazard for rural inhabitants. PMID- 7361145 TI - Hypnosis as an adjunct in management of pain. AB - Hypnosis in the management of intractable pain is a valuable but frequently overlooked tool for the practicing physician. Two cases are presented which illustrate some of the benefits and limitations of hypnosis in pain management. Hypnosis is most effective when the patient is motivated, and pain is a strong motivating force. Secondary gain from the pain and underlying psychiatric illness must be considered when seemingly routine pain problems do not respond to hypnosis. Hypnosis may be equally effective for pain of organic or psychogenic origin. Ancillary benefits from hypnosis may include a diminution of secondary anxiety and depression. The technic is impractical for some patients because of the time requirements, but proper patient selection can obviate much of this objection. Self-hypnosis and/or the supervised use of a relative as a substitute for the physician enhances effectiveness. Training in hypnosis for adjunctive use in the management of pain is available to primary care physicians. PMID- 7361147 TI - Waring historical library. PMID- 7361146 TI - Writing and technology. PMID- 7361148 TI - Digitalis delirium: a reminder. PMID- 7361149 TI - Jejunogastric intussusception. PMID- 7361150 TI - Reversible acute renal failure secondary to acute pyelonephritis. AB - We have described a case of reversible acute renal failure caused by acute pyelonephritis. In this entity, the kidneys are swollen by an interstitial infiltrate and edema, and white cell tubular casts and microabscesses may be present. Fractional excretion of sodium is high, and nephrotic proteinuria may occur without glomerular abnormalities. Recovery of renal function may occur if antibiotics are promptly instituted. Renal size generally decreases after recovery. PMID- 7361151 TI - Hemodialysis-related osteomyelitis. PMID- 7361152 TI - Hypertensive encephalopathy: a diagnosis of exclusion. AB - Patients with hypertension and altered neurologic status represent difficult diagnostic problems. If these patients are presumed to have hypertensive encephalopathy, specific diagnostic procedures and therapy may be delayed. Our case report and discussion emphasize the difficulty of differentiating hypertensive encephalopathy from other conditions and illustrate hypertensive encephalopathy should not be a primary diagnosis, but only a diagnosis of exclusion. PMID- 7361153 TI - Lymphocele: an unusual mass in the right upper quadrant. AB - A patient with a palpable right upper abdominal mass eight years after cholecystectomy was found to have a subhepatic lymphocele. Although this is an uncommon location, the presence of a sonolucent mass in an area of previous surgery suggests lymphocele. PMID- 7361154 TI - Successful medical management of pulmonary phycomycosis. PMID- 7361155 TI - Management of two giant neurilemomas of the cauda equina. AB - This report concerns two giant neurilemomas, each involving the entire cauda equina. Only subtotal excision of the tumors was accomplished, and postoperative irradiation seems to account for the long-term good results. PMID- 7361156 TI - Left adrenal neuroblastoma with normal conventional radiologic studies: value of gray scale ultrasonography. PMID- 7361157 TI - Lack of antiplatelet effect of cimetidine in hemophiliacs. PMID- 7361160 TI - Gonococcal scalp abscess in a newborn. AB - We have described a 6-day-old male infant who presented with Neisseria gonorrhoeae conjunctivitis and a scalp abscess. Delivery was complicated by rupture of the membranes 24 hours before delivery and fetal monitoring for four hours. The rare scalp abscesses caused by gonococci cleared with penicillin therapy. PMID- 7361161 TI - Gastrocolic fistula complicating granulomatous enteritis. PMID- 7361159 TI - Recurrent thyrotoxicosis with painless thyroiditis. PMID- 7361158 TI - Plesiomonas (Aeromonas) shigelloides septicemia and meningitis in a neonate. AB - Serious Plesiomonas (Aeromonas) shigelloides infections have rarely been reported, and have probably been missed because this organism is very similar to the Enterobacteriaceae in associated clinical disease, and in properties investigated in the diagnostic laboratory. A case of overwhelming neonatal meningitis and sepsis is discussed, and the use of the simple indophenol oxidase test on laboratory isolates of gram-negative rods is urged to distinguish this organism and its close relatives from the Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 7361163 TI - Failure of prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis: American Heart Association registry. PMID- 7361162 TI - Serum transaminase depression in a uremic patient with hepatitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PMID- 7361165 TI - [Seasonality of patient visits in acute cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7361164 TI - Vascular access for cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7361166 TI - [Effectiveness of centralizing the laboratory research performed by epidemiological health stations]. PMID- 7361167 TI - [Morbidity in teachers with temporary loss of work capacity]. PMID- 7361168 TI - [Improvement in the medical documentation of pediatric and obstetric institutions]. PMID- 7361169 TI - [Ways to increase the information value of scientific medical journals]. PMID- 7361170 TI - [Characteristics of the hygienic instruction of workers in summer pasture husbandry]. PMID- 7361171 TI - [Health education films in the hygienic education of youth]. PMID- 7361172 TI - [Role of Red Cross activists in protecting workers' health on the Baikal-Amur mainline]. PMID- 7361173 TI - [Teaching of polyclinic work in medical institutes]. PMID- 7361174 TI - [Deontological emphases in the teaching of infectious diseases and epidemiology]. PMID- 7361175 TI - [Analysis of the reasons for a belated diagnosis of primary malignant soft tissue tumors]. PMID- 7361176 TI - [Diagnosis of fungal sensitization in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7361177 TI - [Early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in pregnant women]. PMID- 7361178 TI - [Clinical aspects of tonsillogenic cardiopathies in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7361179 TI - [Diagnosis of a myocardial contractile function disorder in scoliosis in children]. PMID- 7361180 TI - [Formalized assessment of the degree of surgical risk in implanting an artificial heart pacemaker]. PMID- 7361181 TI - [Immunological mechanisms of drug allergy]. PMID- 7361182 TI - [Classification of pancreatic cysts]. PMID- 7361184 TI - [Fetal-placental interrelationships in uterine myoma]. PMID- 7361183 TI - [Complex conservative treatment of acute pancreatitis using constant magnetic fields]. PMID- 7361185 TI - [Pathophysiological aspects of the therapy of spasmodic torticollis]. PMID- 7361186 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7361187 TI - [Clinical characteristics of chronic nonspecific lung diseases in patients with autonomic disorders]. PMID- 7361188 TI - [Application of MK-6 glue in treating chronic gastroduodenal ulcers using a fiberscope]. PMID- 7361190 TI - [Pseudostrangulated hernias]. PMID- 7361189 TI - [Dosing of drugs in disordered kidney function]. PMID- 7361191 TI - [Dermatomyositis (diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention)]. PMID- 7361192 TI - Correlation of coagulopathy and pulmonary insufficiency with blood transfusion in spinal fusions. AB - In a review of 210 spinal fusions, the platelet count and the arterial-alveolar oxygen tension ratio both decreased as the blood transfused increased, but were not correlated with positive fluid balance. In procedures that might require more than 70-80 ml/kg of blood, such as myelodysplastic, paralytic, and congenital spinal surgery, the coagulation system and arterial gases should be monitored frequently intraoperatively and postoperatively. PMID- 7361193 TI - Spinal cord trauma in children. Neurologic patterns, radiologic features, and pathomechanics of injury. AB - There is considerable confusion and controversy regarding the incidence of radiologic abnormalities, prognosis, and pathomechanics of spinal cord injuries in children. The comparison of mechanisms of injury, severity of trauma, methods of management, and outcome has been very difficult because some authors have used 12 years as the upper age limit, while others have included patients as old as 18 years. This article critically analyzes the neurologic patterns of injury, radiologic features, management, outcome, and pathomechanics in 97 children whose acute spinal cord injury was managed and followed at The Institute for Rehabilitation and Research. Pertinent literature on the subject is also extensively reviewed. PMID- 7361194 TI - Treatable extramedullary cord compression. Meningioma as a cause of the Brown Sequard syndrome. AB - The Brown-Sequard syndrome is infrequently reported. Though widely considered indicative of intramedullary spinal cord disease, in the absence of penetrating spinal cord trauma, the syndrome is frequently an early stage of extramedullary spinal cord compression, as an extensive analysis of diverse literatures reveals. We describe two cases resulting from compression of the spinal cord by a meningioma. While previous reviews emphasize that radicular or vertebral pain is a prominent feature of spinal cord compression by intradural tumors, our patients had no pain referable to tumor. Awareness that painless extramedullary spinal cord compression can produce the Brown-Sequard syndrome, early myelography, and surgical intervention are necessary to prevent progressive deficit. Even when encountered in a patient who has previously well-documented demyelinating disease, the syndrome should not be written off as a relatively untreatable intramedullary process. PMID- 7361195 TI - The role of the anterior longitudinal ligament in Harrington rod fixation of unstable thoracolumbar spinal fractures. AB - This study was carried out to identify the role of the anterior longitudinal ligament in Harrington distraction rod fixation of the unstable spine, and to suggest clinical means of detecting a ruptured ligament when this is not obvious from a preoperative radiogram. In the unstable thoracolumbar spine, a marked difference in force is required for distraction and stabilization when the ligament is intact compared with when the ligament is disrupted. This can be detected by using a force-indicating distractor during the procedure. Furthermore, when the anterior longitudinal ligament is disrupted, the pattern of vertebral movements during distraction is altered. With the ligament intact, the vertebrae adjacent to the unstable segment will angulate around an axis situated ventral to the vertebral bodies, while the vertebrae will move apart in parallel planes when the ligament is severed. This can easily be detected by studying the movements of Kirschner wires inserted into the spinous processess. PMID- 7361196 TI - The effect of sagittal curve changes on brace correction of idiopathic scoliosis. AB - In bracing of idiopathic scoliosis, the corrective components of the brace have been evaluated regarding axial and lateral forces. The present study stresses the importance of sagittal changes achieved in patients wearing the brace. The corrective effect on scoliotic curves by sagittal changes of the spine in bracing is demonstrated by roentgenograms. PMID- 7361197 TI - Reconstruction of afferent and efferent nervous pathways to the urinary bladder in two paraplegic patients. AB - Based on animal experiments, spinal root anastomoses were performed in two paraplegic patients who had traumatic lesions of the conus medullaris. The aim was to reinnervate the paralyzed urinary bladder. At operation, the functioning T12 nerve roots above the lesion were transected and anastomosed bilaterally to the S2 and S3 ventral and dorsal roots emerging from the injured cord area. About 1 year postoperatively, both patients demonstrated restoration of the micturition reflex as recorded in the cystometrogram. Both patients could feel the urge to void, could initate micturition voluntarily, and could empty their bladders satisfactorily. The patients' relatively good bladder functions were the result of either regeneration of the newly constructed nervous pathways or spontaneously developed reflex bladders in partial upper neuron lesions. PMID- 7361198 TI - The bone mineral content and ultimate compressive strength of lumbar vertebrae. AB - The bone mineral content of 109 lumbar vertebrae from 36 different subjects was determined by dual photon absorptiometry. The mean age of the subjects was 58.5 years (range, 31 to 79 years). The ultimate strength of the vertebral bodies was determined during axial compression. Bone mineral content and ultimate compressive strength were correlated (r = 0.86) and the strength was found to increase linearly with increasing amounts of bone mineral content. No differences in this correlation were found in the four vertebral levels (L-4) included in the study, but a difference in this correlation was found between specimens taken from male and female subjects. The results make it possible to estimate the strength of a vertebral body from the knowledge of its bone mineral content as determined by dual photon absorptiometry and provide a basis of estimations of normal and abnormal amounts of bone mineral content in the vertebrae of the lumbar spine. PMID- 7361199 TI - Prevention of nerve root adhesions after laminectomy. AB - In repeat lumbar surgery for failure of the original operation to provide lasting relief, well-organized fibrous tissue is often noted binding together the dura, nerve roots, and erector spinae muscles. Lumbar laminectomy was carried out in 46 dogs and seven groups of animals studied. Gelfoam failed to prevent fibrosis. Free fat grafts prevented fibrosis whether the graft was placed at the laminectomy site or around the nerve roots. Vascularization of the grafts was demonstrated by injection of India ink before sacrifice. Ligamentum nuchae, which is similar to ligamentum flavum in its high elastic content, was also effective in preventing scar formation. The operative biopsy findings at reexploration in four patients who had free fat grafts following laminectomy are presented. PMID- 7361202 TI - [Peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7361200 TI - Selective lumbosacral radiculography and block. AB - Selective lumbosacral radiculography and block was performed on 106 patients, using 60% Conray or Dimer-X and 1% lidocaine mixed with corticosteroid. The technique of this method is reported, and the radiculographic findings and diagnostic value of this method are discussed. According to our experience, this method is technically simple and very useful in determining the limit of the lumbosacral nerve root lesion, and occasionally can be used to relieve radicular symptoms. We think it is an especially excellent diagnostic technique for disorders featuring nerve root entrapment in the lateral foraminal recess, in which accurate localization cannot be determined by the other auxiliary diagnostic measures. PMID- 7361203 TI - Methylphenidate and hyperactivity. PMID- 7361201 TI - Analysis of failures and poor results of lumbar spine surgery. AB - The failures and poor results of lumbar spine surgery are analyzed in a retrospectively study of 105 consecutive patients referred to the authors for evaluation during 1976. Those who had a history of industrial or vehicular accident outnumbered others by about two to one. Review of histories, physical findings, and myelograms in most of the patients failed to substantiate the diagnosis of ruptured disc or nerve root compression. Many of the failures occurred in thos patients in whom little if any evidence of nerve root compression was found. The indications for surgery were poor in this group. Other failures occurred in patients who had improper, incomplete, or inadequate operations, especially those with lumbar spondylosis, a retained fragment of disc, or surgery at the wrong level. In addition to failure, poor results were recorded in patients who had significant nerve root or cauda equina injury from surgery, associated "arachnoiditis" which is thought to result from surgical trauma in many instances, or multiple operations leading to a hopelessly disabled state. PMID- 7361204 TI - Notification of tuberculosis. PMID- 7361205 TI - Gynaecological oncology society. PMID- 7361206 TI - Metrizamide for myelography. PMID- 7361207 TI - [Oxytocin for the treatment of functional gastropyloric obstruction]. PMID- 7361208 TI - Chronic hydroquinone poisoning of the skin from skin-lightening cosmetics. A South African epidemic of ochronosis of the face in dark-skinned individuals. AB - Attention is drawn to the widespread use of bleaching preparations by Black women. These products often contain hydroquinone. They act efficiently as bleaching agents, but chronic oversaturation of the skin with hydroquinone eventually produces ochronosis. This complication has reached epidemic proportions in the Transvaal. Although the assay of hydroquinone in cosmetic products has not yet been standardized, we present some provisional results. The clinical, social and industrial aspects are also significant. PMID- 7361209 TI - Serum antibody levels after immunization with trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine. AB - The antibody titres to the polioviruses after three doses of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine were assessed in 77 Coloured children aged 3-9 months. Neutralizing antibody titres of 1 in 10 or greater to all three types were found in 59 (77%) of all children. The remaining 18 children lacked demonstrable antibody to one or more of the polioviruses. Antibody to types 1 and 3 was most commonly lacking. The possible reasons for the failure of vaccination in so many children is discussed. Studies of the effect of further doses of vaccine on serum antibody levels are recommended. PMID- 7361210 TI - Some practical aspects of ECG monitoring. AB - The application and theoretical derivation of the chest monitor (Cm) ECG lead are described, and suggestions are made on how artefacts are to be avoided when monitoring arrhythmias in patients with artificial pacemakers. The problems associated with ECG monitoring by computerized interpretation systems are also discussed. PMID- 7361212 TI - A current study of parasuicide in Durban. AB - Between 1 January and 31 December 1978, there were 723 episodes of overdosage, poisoning, self-inflicted injury and other possible manifestations of parasuicide reported by the casualty and trauma units of Addington Hospital, Durban. The Department of Psychiatry at this hospital attended to 310 of the patients involved. The study represents an analysis of their characteristics, which might indicate those at greatest risk of parasuicide. Some of the more relevant findings include the following: women predominated, those most at risk were in the age group 20--29 years, and single people were more at risk. The most common method of parasuicide was the ingestion of benzodiazepines and analgesics. A seasonal fluctuation was noted with a referral peak during the summer months, viz. December--February. Transient situational disturbances, reactive depression and conduct disorders in adolescents were the most prevalent psychiatric diagnoses. PMID- 7361211 TI - 'Honking': Psychogenic cough tic in children. AB - Psychogenic cough tic is a troublesome complaint. The cough is a noisy bark or honking, repeated frequently while the child is awake, but absent during sleep. Clinical and laboratory findings are negative, and cough suppressants and other medications are ineffective. The cough usually starts in the winter months and may be preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection. School phobia is frequently a contributory cause, but other psychological problems must also be considered. Treatment is usually by suggestion and identification of the underlying psychological problem. In some cases tranquillizers may be required. PMID- 7361214 TI - Symposium on surgical infections. PMID- 7361213 TI - Hypophosphataemia with intravascular haemolysis: A case report. AB - Severe hypophosphataemia in an alcoholic patient during active treatment for acute pancreatitis and diabetic keto-acidosis was associated with a transient intravascular haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and some evidence of muscular disorder. The mechanism of the clinical changes is briefly discussed, and it is stressed that such complications could easily be overlooked in a patient with other serious disorders. PMID- 7361215 TI - The role of host defense mechanisms in surgical infections. AB - As far as the immunologic responses and infections in surgery are concerned, there are many exciting areas of advancement at the present time. Of these, nutritional factors seem of major importance. Even though much has been learned in the past few years, there is much to be learned, particularly related to selected amino acid deficiencies and their interactions and the potential for fortification with certain amino acids in dietary therapy. Whether the immune response can be made better than normal by increased or selective nutrition is something that remains to be determined. Certain immunomodulators given to high risk groups of patients will be able to restore immunologic competence in many instances and make it better than normal in others, with a resultant increase in resistance to all types of microbial infection. As far as passive therapy with plasma, plasma products, or some combination of these is concerned, it would appear at the present time that such treatment may benefit a few patients. However, in the adequately nourished patient, plasma therapy should be of relatively minor consideration. PMID- 7361216 TI - Infection and trauma. PMID- 7361217 TI - Infections in cancer patients. PMID- 7361218 TI - Nosocomial surgical infections: incidence and cost. AB - The data reported in this article support the findings of Dr. Altemeier; that is, infections among surgical patients remain a serious problem today. Urinary tract infections account for approximately 40 per cent of nosocomial infections among surgical patients. Surgical wound and skin infections account for one third of the nosocomial infections among surgical patients. Rates for wound infections rise with age, with increased length of hospitalization before surgery, and with increased duration of surgery. They are higher for patients who have an infection at a distant site and for those who have the more hazardous surgical procedures as determined by risk categories. Gram-negative organisms are more prevalent than gram-positive organisms. A nosocomial surgical wound infection lengthens the hospitalization by an average of 7.4 days and raises the cost of hospitalization by more than 800 dollars. Further analysis of the data is necessary in order to identify the risk factors likely to be most helpful in determining which patients are at increased risk of acquiring a nosocomial infection. Only when these factors are identified can the most direct and effective contact and preventive measures be implemented. PMID- 7361219 TI - Septic shock. PMID- 7361220 TI - Pulmonary infections in surgical patients. PMID- 7361221 TI - Infections following burn injury. AB - Those factors that have contributed most to the control of burn wound sepsis in the burn patient since 1930 have been the advent of penicillin, the institution of burn center care, the availability of aminoglycosides and antifungal agents, the advent of topical therapy, the aggressive treatment of the burn wound by excisional therapy, a better understanding of respiratory therapy, the support of immune competence, and the recognition of the importance of nutritional support (Fig. 1). At the Shriners Cincinnati Unit, the extent of burn associated with a survival rate of 50 per cent has risen from 70 per cent in 1970 to 80 per cent in 1978. The better chance of survival for burn patients during this period can be directly related to a progressive improvement in the local and systemic measures available for the control of infection. PMID- 7361222 TI - Infections following gastrointestinal surgery: intra-abdominal abscess. AB - Intra-abdominal sepsis is frequently present after trauma, surgical resection, or intrinsic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Infection may be generalized or localized in intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal locations as well as in solid organs. The offending microflora is polymicrobial, consisting of both aerobes and anaerobes. Adequate, prompt surgical drainage and the appropriate choice of parenteral antibiotics aimed at both types of bacteria will result in a more favorable postoperative course and will reduce the possibility of local infection and secondary septicemia. PMID- 7361223 TI - Musculoskeletal infection. PMID- 7361224 TI - Urinary tract infections. AB - The urinary catheter is a fact of medical life. It is a valuable instrument when used for proper indications and when aseptic management is enforced. When improperly used, it is the major source of serious gram-negative infection in hospitalized patients. Male patients who require long-term drainage should be first tried on condom catheter drainage if there is no obstruction to flow or significant residual urine. Condom drainage, however, may lead to severe maceration of the penis if daily changing and cleansing is not done. Indwelling urethral catheters must be attached to a good system of closed drainage whether or not infection is present. Continuous bladder irrigation with neomycin polymyxin solutions is a useful adjunct once closed drainage is established and working well. Suprapubic catheters are of special value for long-term use because they do not obstruct or irritate the urethra. The development of percutaneous methods of suprapubic drainage should improve and increase the use of this method. PMID- 7361225 TI - Surgical infections of the female genital tract. PMID- 7361226 TI - The epidemiology of wound infection. A 10-year prospective study of 62,939 wounds. PMID- 7361227 TI - The impact of nutrition on infection. AB - It seems that the early impressions of Graves have been borne out by a series of increasingly objective measurements, some in animals, such as those in the studies of Robertson and of Cannon and their collaborators, and some in patients, such as those of Wohl, Law, Copeland, Dudrick, Meakins, Mullen, and their associates. This is by no means a complete review of the literature, but sufficient data have been presented to indicate that poor nutrition is followed by a great increase not only in total complications but also in infectious complications. This is most clearly seen in the more exaggerated cases of malnutrition but is observed to some extent with deficits of intermediate severity. So far, the studies do not pinpoint susceptibility to particular organisms but appear to implicate the mechanisms of defense against microorganisms on a categorical basis. The reverse effect, that is the impairment of nutritional status resulting from both chronic and acute infection, is too well known to require emphasis. PMID- 7361229 TI - Use of prophylactic antibiotics in surgical patients. PMID- 7361230 TI - The inflammatory response in relation to local infections. PMID- 7361228 TI - Anaerobic infections. PMID- 7361232 TI - Treatment of stenosis of the iliac artery by balloon catheter dilation. AB - Percutaneous balloon catheter angioplasty appears to be an effective method of treatment for localized iliac artery stenosis. Results of our experience demonstrate that it can be accomplished with an acceptable morbidity in carefully selected patients and can be done and even repeated with minimal inconvenience to the patient. PMID- 7361231 TI - Combined hypolipidemia of portacaval transposition and ileal resection in the dog. AB - The effects of portacaval transposition in combination with exclusion of the distal part of the intestine upon the plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels was studied in dogs. The dogs tolerated distal intestinal resection, portacaval transposition and their combination well; survival and weight maintenance probably being superior to that of dogs having a standard end-to-side portacaval shunt. Plasma triglyceride levels significantly decreased after portacaval transposition and after intestinal resection; an additional and significant lowering of triglyceride levels was observed after a combination of these procedures. Portacaval transposition significantly lowered the plasma cholesterol level of dogs given a normal chow diet but did not protect them from diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Distal intestinal resection did not significantly lower the plasma cholesterol level of nonhypothyroid, normocholesterolemic dogs fed regular chow but did protect them from dietary hypercholesterolemia. Portacaval transposition plus intestinal resection demonstrated the addition of these effects upon the plasma cholesterol level. The combination of a portal diversion operation and an intestinal exclusion procedure may provide a synergistic approach to lipid reduction. PMID- 7361233 TI - The use of ultrasonography in the management of masses of the breast. AB - Contact B-mode ultrasonography of masses of the breast is a simple, safe and noninvasive technique which does not involve the use of ionizing radiation. It is highly accurate in differentiating cystic from solid mammary masses measuring 1 centimeter or larger. A biopsy of a sonographically solid mass should be done unless it has an unequivocally benign appearance on mammography. A biopsy of a purely cystic mass, if asymptomatic, need not be done for diagnostic purposes. Needle aspiration can be used as an alternate method for diagnosing a cyst, but failure of this method occurs more often than one is aware of. Sonography is the method of choice for such a diagnosis. Its accuracy in masses 1 centimeter or larger is 100 per cent. When propertly used and carefully correlated with clinical and mammographic findings, it can eliminate over one-third of all operations on the breast. PMID- 7361234 TI - A clinical and bacteriologic evaluation of cefamandole therapy in serious skin and skin structure infections. AB - The results of this study suggest that the enhanced in vitro spectrum of cefamandole may be clinically advantageous, particularly when complex mixtures of aerobic and aerobic-anaerobic bacteria are present in the lesions of serious skin and skin structure infections. The reported incidence of satisfactory clinical and bacteriologic responses appears to justify the use of cefamandole as a single agent for the treatment of these infections. PMID- 7361235 TI - Microbial penetration of surgical gown materials. AB - In-use studies of microbial penetration of four surgical gowns were carried out. A laboratory test was developed which will dependably predict in-use performance. The test method, using trypticase soy broth containing 10(8)organisms per milliliter and placement of materials on blood agar, yielded results closely approximating findings in use. This method is recommended. It was shown that 140 thread count cloth fails to act as a microbial barrier and is, therefore, unacceptable as a surgical barrier material. Spunbonded olefin, Tyvek 1444A, was shown to be an effective barrier in use but had defects which reduced its barrier capabilities. Spunlaced wood pulp-polyester fabric, Fabric 450, and treated 270 plus pima cotton, Liquashield, were found to be effective barriers in both laboratory and in-use testing. Treated 270 plus pima cotton loses its ability to act as a barrier after 100 recyclings and must then be removed from use in the operating room. Cost factors were examined and found to be greatly in favor of the reusable fabric. PMID- 7361238 TI - Value and limitations of scanning of the biliary tract. PMID- 7361236 TI - Improving arteriography of the pancreas. AB - Simple celiac and mesenteric arteriography in the prone position with the injection of a large bolus of contrast medium, as fast as possible, is evaluated on the available data against the more complex usual procedure for diagnosing diseases of the pancreas. The new procedure, based upon a better distribution of the contrast medium because of its density, can well simplify angiography of the pancreas without a loss of information. PMID- 7361237 TI - Anatomy and techniques in segmental splenectomy. AB - Accumulating clinical experience indicates the desirability of retention of splenic tissue and function. Results of angiographic studies in human and canine spleens demonstrate that intrasplenic vessels are lobar, segmental and, generally, without intersegmental communication. In the dog, bleeding from peripheral region vessels--penicilli, venules and sinuses--is well controlled by either microfibrillar collagen or the neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet laser. However, larger segmental vessels in the intermediate or hilar regions cannot be controlled by microfibrillar collagen or the neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet laser and require ligation. Identification of these vessels is greatly facilitated by laser or microfibrillar collagen coagulation of the surrounding splenic tissue. Results of histologic studies at ten, 20 and 30 day healing intervals disclosed no delayed sloughs, hemorrhage or cyst formation. With knowledge of segmental vascular anatomy and the techniques of microfibrillar collagen, neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet laser incision and coagulation plus aspiration and vessel ligation, segmental or subtotal splenic resection can be readily accomplished in dogs with minimal blood loss. PMID- 7361239 TI - Transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement in peripheral vascular disease. AB - To date, results of laboratory and clinical investigations suggest that transcutaneous pO2 measurements hold considerable promise as a technique for evaluating the adequacy of cutaneous circulation. The advantages of this technique are that it is simple to use, noninvasive and does not require the use of radioactive isotopes. Since the available data are, as yet, insufficient to confirm the reliability of this technique, a prospective study of segmental transcutaneous pO2 values in patients with peripheral vascular disease is being continued. These values are then being correlated with the subsequent clinical course. PMID- 7361240 TI - Relationship of lesion size to survival in patients with stage IB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri treated by radiation therapy. AB - Forty-five patients with Stage IB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri were treated with radiation therapy alone. The five year actuarial survival rate of the 22 patients in group 1 in whom the tumor was less than 4 centimeters in diameter was 95 per cent, which was significantly higher than the 67 per cent survival rate in the 23 patients in group 2 with bulky lesions greater than or equal to 4 centimeters in diameter, p less than 0.05. These results of radiation therapy are consistent with surgical results recently reported and indicate that patients with bulky lesions, especially those tumors greater than or equal to 4 centimeters in size, comprise a high risk subset within the Stage IB classification. A new classification is proposed in which bulky lesions are designated Stage IC, advanced overt, so that such high risk patients might be identified and more efficacious treatment regimens might be developed. PMID- 7361241 TI - Radionuclide scans not indicated for clinical stage I melanoma. AB - One hundred and sixty-two scans of the liver and 160 scans of the brain were performed upon 230 patients with clinical Stage I melanoma. No patient was found to have a true-positive scan. However, there were two false-positive scans of the liver and two false-positive scans of the brain. One craniotomy, two arteriograms and numerous follow-up scans were done to confirm that these scans were false positive. The cost of the 322 screening scans was $23,964, and the expense of follow-up evaluation was considerably greater. The authors have discontinued the use of scans of the liver and brain in the evaluation of asymptomatic patients with Stage I melanoma. PMID- 7361242 TI - The continuing challenge of perforating appendicitis. AB - A series of 335 consecutive patients treated for acute appendicitis is presented. The incidence of perforation in the series was 32.2 per cent. The mortality was 0.3 per cent for the total series and 0.9 per cent for those patients with perforating appendicitis. When perforation occurs, a twofold increase in the hospital stay and a threefold increase in hospital costs result. A complication rate of 47.2 per cent in instances of perforation was significantly greater than that noted in instances of nonperforation. A 40 per cent incidence of perforation was noted during the first decade of life, after which the frequency of perforation declines. Beginning with the fifth decade, a progressive increase in the incidence of perforation was noted. Prior to hospital admission, a significant delay was noted among patients with perforation. In addition, those with perforating appendicitis were far more likely to have been seen previously by a physician who failed to advise hospital admission. Finally, a significant inhospital delay, from admission to operation, was noted in patients with perforating appendicitis. While geographic access to health care did influence the incidence of perforation, insurance status and possession of a telephone did not. PMID- 7361243 TI - Factors affecting the prognosis of patients with carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Of 763 patients with carcinoma of the thyroid who had undergone a primary operation between 1948 and 1970, 705 were observed for more than five years. Included were 545 patients with papillary carcinoma. 123 with follicular carcinoma, 59 with microcancer, 30 with undifferentiated carcinoma and six with medullary carcinoma. The relative survival rate for patients with pure undifferentiated carcinoma one year after operation was 27 per cent and that for those with mixed undifferentiated carcinoma was 24 per cent. For patients with differentiated carcinomas, the most important factors affecting the prognosis were age and sex. The 15 year survival rates for women less than 40 years of age with papillary or follicular carcinoma were 102 and 100 per cent, respectively, while for women more than 40 years with papillary or follicular carcinoma, they were 90 and 84 per cent, respectively. For men more than 40 years of age with papillary carcinoma, the relative survival rate was 67 per cent. The size of the tumor and the types of operation did not affect the prognosis in patients less than 40 years. The presence of chronic thyroiditis also had no effect upon the prognosis. The relative survival rate with tumors up to 99 grams in weight, after 20 years, was almost 100 per cent in women less than 40 years of age, while for women more than 40 years of age the survival rates were 95 per cent with tumors weighing less than 20 grams and 72 per cent with those weighing 20 to 99 grams, an indication that tumor size may affect prognosis in older patients. PMID- 7361244 TI - Selection of patients for heterotopic implantation of the areola and nipple. AB - In a prospective analysis of 291 specimens taken at mastectomy for carcinoma, 48 contained tumor in the nipple-areola complex. The characteristics of greater tumor size, higher frequency of lymph node involvement, midbreast tumor location and multifocality of tumor correlated well with the probability of involvement of the nipple. The findings emphasize the importance of close clinical and histopathologic examination of the nipple and areola when preservation of the nipple is being considered. PMID- 7361245 TI - Continuous intraperitoneal antibiotic lavage in the management of purulent sepsis of the pelvis. AB - Fourteen patients with generalized purulent peritonitis of gynecologic origin were treated intraoperatively and postoperatively by continuous peritoneal lavage with an antibiotic solution in conjunction with conventional surgical management. Lavage was maintained for a period of 16 to 36 hours. This proved to be a safe and highly effective method. No major complications were encountered. PMID- 7361246 TI - Effects of butorphanol, fentanyl and morphine on the intrabiliary pressure of guinea pigs. AB - Alleged injury to the liver by halogenated hydrocarbon anesthetic agents has led to greater use of balanced anesthesia with analgesics, tranquilizers and nitrous oxide and oxygen. Reports of high intrabiliary pressures and bizarre cholangiograms for patients under such anesthesia led us to investigate the specific effects on intrabiliary pressure of morphine sulfate, fentanyl and butorphanol tartrate, each at two different dosage levels. After control measurements were taken, all of the guinea pigs, an animal with a biliary tract much like that of man, were injected with a different drug, dosage level or with 0.9 per cent saline solution, and changes in intrabiliary pressure were recorded every five minutes. Both high and low dosages of morphine and fentanyl produced marked and statistically significant increases in the intrabiliary pressure. In contrast, equianalgesic dosage of butorphanol produced little or no increase. Since two of these drugs can elevate intrabiliary pressure significantly above pretreatment values, it is recommended that dilations of the biliary tract occurring during operative cholangiograms be interpreted with caution. PMID- 7361249 TI - The continent ileostomy. PMID- 7361248 TI - Results of partial mastectomy in 173 patients followed for from five to ten years. AB - A series of 173 selected patients was treated by partial mastectomy. Eighteen per cent of these also had axillary dissection and another 18 per cent were irradiated. The survival rate at five years was 76 per cent. In the earlier patients, despite adverse selection in terms of age and associated disease, 44 per cent survived for ten years. Twenty per cent of these patients required some form of additional treatment for the control of local or regional disease, but mastectomy was required in only 7.5 per cent. In the others, the cosmetic results were good. Although there is an increased risk of local or regional reappearance of the cancer that may require secondary treatment, partial mastectomy is a satisfactory method of treatment for selected patients with carcinoma of the breast who wish to have some of the breast tissue preserved. These patients should be warned of the increased risk of having to have a second operation for local recurrence, but they can be assured that, in terms of survival, the results seem comparable with those reported after total mastectomy. It is possible that the use of excisional biopsy and axillary sampling followed by external and interstitial radiation with iridium seeds may further increase our ability to save the breast. PMID- 7361247 TI - Treatment of regionally advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the extremity and trunk. AB - A retrospective study was made of 106 locally and regionally advanced epidermoid carcinomas of the trunk and extremity treated from 1949 to 1970. Forty-six of the tumors had a known cause, of which radiation exposure was the most common. In addition to axillary and inguinal nodal metastases, these cancers also manifested intransit, epitrochlear and popliteal lymphatic metastatic disease. Surgical treatment consisted of wide monobloc resection for the majority of the primary neoplasms, amputation being necessary for tumors fixed to skeletal or neurovascular structures. Clinically enlarged regional lymph nodes were subjected to biopsy, but elective regional node dissection did not offer therapeutic benefit. Patients with biopsy proved nodal metastases were treated by either radical nodal dissection or high exarticulation, with similar results. Actuarial five year survival rates after definitive surgical treatment were 71 per cent for patients with regional node-negative and 57 per cent for those with regional node positive tumors. Local and regional recurrences of tumors were frequent in patients who had deep seated tumors of the trunk and postsacral region, or bulky nodal disease, despite pathologically negative resection margins. Uncontrolled recurrent tumor with sepsis and compromise of vital organ function was the most common cause of death. Radiation therapy achieved partial regression of the tumor in eight patients and complete regression in one of 15 patients. A critical analysis is made of the various clinicopathologic factors which affect prognosis, and the possible means of improving the results of treatment are discussed. PMID- 7361250 TI - Subcutaneous tunneler for vascular access grafts for hemodialysis. AB - The Sparks mandril tunneler may be used effectively for accurate subcutaneous placement of vascular grafts during the construction of arteriovenous vascular access for chronic hemodialysis. PMID- 7361251 TI - Retrograde esophageal dilatation. PMID- 7361252 TI - Surgical technique for the prevention of recurrent intussusception in childhood. PMID- 7361253 TI - An aid to the complete visualization of the bile duct with the Storz choledochoscope. PMID- 7361254 TI - Prosthetic mesh repair of large hernias at the site of colonic stomas. AB - Using a new method for repair of large hernias at the colonic stoma site, the old abdominal incision is reopened and prosthetic mesh sutured in place aseptically. The colon is led off and secured to the lateral part of the abdominal wall creating a flap valve that makes recurrence unlikely. PMID- 7361255 TI - Direct microsurgical approach to aneurysms of the internal carotid bifurcation. AB - In this report, a series of 21 aneurysms of the internal carotid bifurcation, all treated with a direct microsurgical approach, is discussed. A classification of these aneurysms, according to angiographic and anatomical considerations, is proposed. The surgical treatment of aneurysms of the internal carotid bifurcation is discussed, emphasizing the importance of avoiding damage to perforating vessels. One of the patients presented in this report died from postoperative vascular spasm and three had transient disturbances in the postoperative course. All surviving patients recovered completely. PMID- 7361256 TI - A quantitative assessment of CSF reabsorption in infants with meningomyelocele. AB - The production of cerebrospinal fluid and bulk flow reabsorption were determined in four children with meningomyelocele who developed hydrocephalus. By subtracting bulk flow reabsorption from CSF production, the amount of CSF reabsorbed by alternative pathways was determined. The results of the study indicate that the majority of CSF reabsorption in these patients takes place by bulk flow. CSF reabsorption by alternative pathways, however, is significant. PMID- 7361257 TI - Experimentally induced cerebral aneurysms in rats: Part V. Relation of hemodynamics in the circle of Willis to formation of aneurysms. AB - All the rats were made hypertensive and fed beta-aminopropionitrile. Among them, cerebral aneurysms were never found in rats without carotid ligation. In rats with ligation of one or both common carotid arteries, cerebral aneurysms developed on the vessels where hemodynamic stresses were apparently increased. The relationship of hemodynamics in the circle of Willis to the development of cerebral aneurysms is discussed, being compared with findings in spontaneous lesions in man. PMID- 7361258 TI - Hyperprolactinemia from radiation-induced hypothalamic hypopituitarism. AB - In 1975 Samaan et al described the effects of radiation damage of the hypothalamus in 15 patients with head and neck cancer. Shalet et al in 1977 described endocrine morbidity in adults who as children had been irradiated for brain tumors. This report describes instances of hyperprolactinemia and associated hypothalamic, pituitary, and thyroid dysfunction following irradiation of a young adult female for brain neoplasia. PMID- 7361259 TI - Giant aneurysm and cerebral ischemia. AB - A case is reported of a patient harboring a giant aneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery who presented with a reversible ischemic neurological deficit. The etiology of the cerebral ischemia is discussed, with reference to the literature. In addition, results obtained from evaluation of the luminal surface of the aneurysmal dome with the scanning electron microscope are described. PMID- 7361260 TI - Spinal epidural meningioma in childhood. AB - A spinal epidural meningioma in a 14-year-old boy is presented and the literature reviewed. He had several cafe-au-lait spots and had previously had a subcutaneous lipoma removed from the mid-lumbosacral region. PMID- 7361261 TI - Endoscopy as an adjunct to shunting for hydrocephalus. AB - A procedure has been developed for positioning ventricular catheters using a miniature fiberoptic endoscope. The procedure permits accurate positioning of the ventricular catheter tip without the need for intraoperative X-ray studies. The procedure has been employed 102 times in 85 children. In each case, post operative X-ray studies revealed the ventricular catheter to be in a satisfactory position. In 79% of cases a functional shunt was established which did not require revision or further therapeutic intervention. PMID- 7361262 TI - Hemorrhagic (colloid) cyst of the third ventricle and episodic neurologic deficits. AB - A neuroepithelial (colloid) cyst of the third ventricle is reported. This case was unusual in several respects. The patient suffered from transient attacks of quadriparesis lasting a few days each time. Bleeding occurred into the cavity of the cyst. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of layers of elastic tissue in the wall of the cyst and residues from previous hemorrhage. PMID- 7361263 TI - Multiple meningiomas in the spinal canal. AB - Previous experimental and clinical observations suggest that radiation is a causative factor in the development of meningiomas. We report a rare case of three spinal meningiomas in a patient who had prior irradiation in the spinal region. The myelographic technique to evaluate multiple spinal canal tumors is outlined. PMID- 7361265 TI - Recertification. A continuing debate. AB - Recertification, like taxes, will never draw many supporters from the targeted group. Why should physicians who have had to survive the stiffest of scholastic labors in order to obtain the privilege of a medical education again be asked to prove their continuing worth long after graduation? Apparently because health consumers feel that physicians occupy a critical role and want more tangible evidence that they are keeping up with the explosion of medical knowledge. Dr. Trobe has sought the opinion of Dr. Melvin Rubin, who challenges the assumption that a recertification test will offer a sufficient guarantee of clinical excellence to warrant the expense to the public and the "mental anguish" to physicians, and the opinion of Dr. Sidney Wolfe, who argues that examination is a necessary (though perhaps not sufficient) protection against flagging knowledge and skill. PMID- 7361264 TI - Benign extramedullary tumors of the foramen magnum. AB - This paper analyzes the clinical, diagnostic and surgical data of 18 benign extramedullary tumors at the foramen magnum extending into the posterior fossa and the spinal canal. These cases represent 30% of 60 foramen magnum tumors operated on between 1952 and 1978, among 4187 brain tumors and 587 tumors of the spinal cord. Foramen magnum meningiomas constitute 11 of this series (1.2% of 873 meningiomas, 113 of which were spinal). The considerable difficulty in early diagnosis is emphasized. However, in the present series, myelography showed positive findings in all cases, and angiography in most of them. CT scan, performed in one case, demonstrated the lesion. Surgical mortality was 11% (two deaths). On both patients who died after the operation, multiple surgical procedures had been performed because of erroneous diagnoses made in another unit. At the time of operation neurological symptoms were very advanced, and large tumors were located anteriorly. The review of the remaining patients showed a regression of preoperative symptoms with good to excellent results in all. No recurrences were recorded. PMID- 7361266 TI - Intraoperative external pneumatic calf compression to afford long-term prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis in urological patients. AB - In a prospective randomized study of patients undergoing open urological operations, we found external pneumatic compression (EPC) of the calves applied in the operating room and recovery room as effective in reducing deep vein thrombosis as EPC continued during convalescence until resumption of ambulation. Provided early postoperative ambulation is practiced, intraoperative EPC appears to be adequate prophylaxis and equivalent to long-term EPC for prevention of deep venous thrombosis in urological patients. PMID- 7361268 TI - Even in his own country a prophet is not without. PMID- 7361267 TI - Colonoscopy as an adjunctive technique in evaluating acquired colonic narrowing. AB - Fiberoptic colonscopy is a useful adjunct to the barium enema in establishing the nature of colonic narrowing for which surgical intervention is being considered in patients who are not clinically obstructed. When the mucosa can be demonstrated to be free of disease, celiotomy and resection can be avoided. Even without significant narrowing, it is sometimes possible to limit the extent of resection by proving the process to be benign. On review of 500 consecutive colonscopic procedures, "colonic narrowing" was the indication or finding in 47 patients. Barium enema had been inconclusive in 34 of these, whereas colonoscopy was inconclusive in only seven. In 34 patients the decision concerning surgical amangement was influenced by colonoscopy, and the accuracy of the endoscopic findings in the majority was confirmed by biopsy, laparoscopy, or celiotomy. On the basis of radiographic and endoscopic studies, 29 patients were not explored and in none was there delay or failure in the diagnosis of malignancy. There were no complications or deaths. Three illustrative cases are presented with correlative endoscopic and radiographic material. PMID- 7361269 TI - Direct splenocaval shunt for selective decompression of portal hypertension in children. AB - A new operation for selective decompression of portal hypertension in children with diminutive splenic veins is desired. The operation, direct splenocaval shunt (S-D-SCS), produces transplenic decompression of gastric-esophageal varices without interfering with the existing portal flow status in any significant measure. The proximal free end of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is joined to the side of the splenic vein, which is ligated on the hepatic side of the anastomosis. Addition of partial gastric devascularization completes the operation. Technically the operation is simple and easily executable. Because the IVC is utilized in creation of the shunt, anastomoses as large as 1.72 +/- 0.45 cm in diameter are obtained with splenic veins of less than 1 cm in diameter. S-D SCS was performed in 10 children with a mean age of 9.25 +/- 3.36 years and a mean splenic vein size of 8.2 +/- 2.25 mm in diameter. Shunt thrombosis occurred in one patient who died. Nine patients survived the operation and obtained class A surgical results over a follow-up period of 7 to 12 months. None rebled, developed postshunt encephalopathy (PSE), or manifested laboratory evidences of protein intolerance. Insignificant alterations were brought about in liver blood flow (EHBF) and sinusoidal pressure (CSP); portal blood flow to the liver was maintained; and liver function tests were preserved at preoperative levels. The surgical results were superior to those following mesentericocaval and portacaval shunts in our earlier series of children with comparable mean age, body weight, and postoperative interval when studied functionally. About 30% of all of the shunt patients died of liver failure within weeks or months after the operations, and an additional 30% of the patients developed clinically significant PSE over variable periods of follow-up. These high mortality and morbidity rates were preceded by significant reductions in EHBF and CSP and concomitant precipitation of liver function abnormalities. PMID- 7361271 TI - Ruptured aortic aneurysms. AB - A retrospective study of 105 patients with ruptured aortic aneurysms treated by surgery over a 15-year period was undertaken. The mortality rate was 58%. A high incidence of cardiorespiratory disease, delay in treatment caused by wrong diagnosis, and preoperative shock were some of the factors responsible. All patients with ruptured aneurysm were operated on, unless moribund. No patient was refused surgery because of age or concomitant disease, unless it seemed that life expectancy from such disease was short. During the same period, 221 patients had elective aneurysmectomies, with a mortality rate of 6.3%, indicating that, with a few exceptions, all abdominal aortic aneurysms should be resected. PMID- 7361270 TI - Comparison of pulsed Doppler and real-time B-mode echo arteriography for noninvasive imaging of the extracranial carotid arteries. AB - Accuracy and clinical applications of noninvasive imaging of the extracranial carotid arteries were compared using pulsed Doppler and real-time B-mode ultrasonography. During the period December, 1977, to February, 1979, 530 ultrasonograms (265 patients) were performed. Angiographic correlations were available in 90 patients (172 arteries) using the pulsed Doppler technique, and both techniques were employed in 43 patients (84 arteries). Greatest accuracy with pulsed Doppler ultrasonography occurred in confirmation of normal vasculature (73%) and diagnosis of occluded internal carotid arteries (96%). Estimation of the percentage of stenosis was less accurate; however, this determination could be made somewhat more accurately by B-mode ultrasonography. Incidence of false positive and negative results for the pulsed Doppler technique was 11% and 14%, respectively, whereas for the corresponding incidence for B-mode imaging it was 11% and 59%. The higher incidence of false negative results with the B-mode technique related to its inaccuracy in diagnosis of occlusion (18%). Current clinical applications of carotid ultrasonography include confirmation of normalcy and diagnosis of occlusion, visualization of atheroslerotic plaques with characterization of their size and ultrasonic morphology, and an anticipated reduction in the requirements for contrast arteriography in selected patients. PMID- 7361272 TI - Albumin synthesis and nitrogen balance in postoperative patients. AB - In a continuing prospective randomized study in a series of patients in the postoperative state, the rate of albumin synthesis was measured using the 14C carbonate technique. The majority of the patients studied were subjected to partial or total colectomy, and each patient was randomized to receive a hypocaloric intravenous regimen consisting of 3.5% amino acids (essential and nonessential) or 3.5% amino acids with 2.5% glucose. A mean (+/- SEM) of 75.7 +/- 2.7 gm/day of amino acids was given to the seven patients in the amino acid group. A mean of 74.0 +/- 5.9 gm/day of amino acids and 52.8 +/- 4.2 gm/day of glucose was infused in the group of five patients given amino acids with glucose. The albumin synthetic rate (mg/kg/day) measured on the fourth day after operation in the amino acid alone group was 233.9 +/- 27.9 as compared to 204.1 +/- 24.4 in the group given amino acids with glucose (P = NS). The urea synthesis rates (mg/kg/day) in the two groups were 334.2 +/- 47.8 and 250.3 +/- 27.5, respectively, and the net Kjeldahl nitrogen balances (grams per day) were -4.98 +/- 1.92 and -2.68 +/- 1.49, respectively. We conclude that infused amino acids promote the synthesis of albumin equally effectively in the presence or absence of a small amount of added glucose. Glucose may reduce slightly the pool of amino nitrogen available for albumin and urea synthesis by diverting some of the infused amino acids from protein synthesis by the liver to muscle. PMID- 7361273 TI - The effect of anesthesia and laparotomy on blood flow to the stomach, small bowel, and colon of the dog. AB - The effect of anesthesia and laparotomy on the distribution of blood flow to the different tissue layers of the stomach, small bowel, and colon of the dog was studied using a double-isotope, microsphere technique. In conscious dogs total jejunal flow significantly exceeded both ileal and colonic flow. Mucosal flow comprised about two thirds of total gastric and small bowel flow, but less than half of colonic flow. Fifteen minutes after induction of anesthesia, there was a marked increase in flow to all levels of the alimentary tract, as well as to each tissue layer. This increase was transient, since by 1 hour flow to all gut levels had decreased nearly to baseline levels. Laparotomy per se did not significantly alter blood flow to the full thickness or mucosal layer of either stomach, small bowel, or colon. These findings indicate that future studies of gut function or blood flow should be performed in conscious animals or in anesthetized animals only after complete cardiovascular stabilization. Neither laparotomy nor anesthesia caused a redistrubtion of flow away from the mucosal layers, and hence the observation that patients have often stopped bleeding at the time of operation for uncontrolled hemorrhage is unexplained. PMID- 7361274 TI - Incomplete rotation of the intestine with a normal cecal position. AB - Nineteen patients with incomplete rotation of the intestine, seen during a 3-year period, are presented. Six patients (32%) had a normal cecal position but an abnormal duodenojejunal junction. Three of these patients had a midgut volvulus, and one had obstructing duodenal bands. The two remaining patients were premature and had postnatal fixation of the duodenojejunal junction over a 10-month to 2 year period. PMID- 7361276 TI - Vertebral arteriovenous fistulas following insertion of central monitoring catheters. AB - Iatrogenic vertebral arteriovenous fistulas were first reported in 1963. Since then, 20 additional cases have been reported--all following angiographic procedures. We report herein the first recognized cases of such fistulas resulting from percutaneous internal jugular and subclavian venous catheterizations performed for routine hemodynamic monitoring. The symptoms of late-occurring cervical bruit and thrill were identical to those described previously, although the ability to obliterate the thrill by pressure on the common carotid artery in one patient was inconsistent with other experience. These two patients were treated by direct ligation of the fistulous communication, after careful preoperative localization by angiography. Both patients have had complete disappearance of the symptoms and signs of the fistulas. PMID- 7361275 TI - Supraorbital photoplethysmographic monitoring during carotid endarterectomy with the use of an internal shunt: an added dimension of safety. AB - Photoplethysmograph (PPG) has added a new dimension of safety to carotid endarterectomy operations. Used to monitor adequate shunt blood flow during carotid endarterectomy, the PPG has proven to be a sensitive, reliable, and accurate device. Temporary intraoperative shunt occlusion is immediately indicated by marked amplitude reductions in the supraorbital artery pulse waveform. The cause of the occlusion is usually found to be impingment of the distal end of the shunt against the arterial wall, which is easily corrected by proximal positioning of the shunt. Also, occasionally occlusion will occur from kinking of the internal carotid artery distal to the shunt, which is corrected by slight proximal retraction on the artery. Repositioning retractors in the upper extent of the operative field will alleviate any occlusions from retractor pressure on the internal carotid artery. Without a method of sensing hemodynamically significant decreases in shunt flow during operation for carotid endarterectomy, there exists a risk of prolonged unrecognized intraoperative cerebral ischemia. PMID- 7361277 TI - Fatal outcome from emergency embolization of an intrahepatic aneurysm: a case report. AB - A 73-year-old man with a cholangiocarcinoma obstructing the hepatic duct is described. The patient was treated with percutaneous transhepatic catheter and bile duct endoprosthesis for internal drainage. This was complicated by an aneurysm of the liver, which was treated by embolization of the hepatic arteries with Gelfoam, causing an extensive liver necrosis which proved to be fatal. PMID- 7361278 TI - Removal of axillofemoral graft. AB - Axillofemoral grafts which develop late occlusion often can be salvaged with a second operation, which frequently involves placement of a new graft. Velour Dacron grafts which have been in place for several years usually are bound tightly to adjacent tissues. We describe a simple method for removal of these grafts. PMID- 7361280 TI - Fibreoptic bronchoscopy and diagnosis of pulmonary lesions in lymphoma and leukaemia. AB - Fifty-six fibreoptic bronchoscopies were performed on 42 patents with Hodgkin's disease, lymphoma, or leukaemia and pulmonary complications which did not respond to conventional antibiotics. All these patients had received chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both for the treatment of their underlying conditions. Twenty two bronchoscopic procedures were complicated by thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, requiring platelet transfusion before bronchoscopy, and many patients were hypoxaemic. Visual examination of the tracheobronchial tree, alveolar lavage, bronchial brushing, and transbronchial biopsy were carried out as approximate. Three patients had minor pulmonary haemorrhage, and three developed a pneumothorax after transbronchial biopsy. A specific diagnosis was obtained in 14 of 18 patients (78%) with diffuse chest radiographic abnormalities, in seven of 11 patients (64%) with lobar or segmental (focal) abnormalities, in two of eight patients with small (local) lesions, and in three of five patients with hilar abnormalities. In only three patients were infections diagnosed. It is concluded that fibreoptic bronchoscopy is a useful and safe diagnostic procedure in this situation but its value depends upon the type of radiological abnormality. PMID- 7361279 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage. PMID- 7361281 TI - Cervical aortic arch with aortic obstruction: report of two cases. AB - The occurrence of aortic obstruction in patients with cervical arch is very rare. The clinical and angiocardiographic findings of two patients with this combination of defects are presented. One of these patients, in whom tricuspid atresia with reduced pulmonary blood flow was also present, had a successful resection of the obstruction together with construction of a Waterston shunt. PMID- 7361283 TI - Prevention of pneumothorax in needle lung biopsy by breathing 100% oxygen. PMID- 7361282 TI - Respiratory function changes after asbestos pleurisy. AB - Six patients with radiographic evidence of diffuse pleural thickening after industrial asbestos exposure are described. Five had computed tomography of the thorax. All the scans showed marked circumferential pleural thickening often with calcification, and four showed no significant evidence of intrapulmonary fibrosis (asbestosis). Lung function testing showed reduction of the inspiratory capacity and the single-breath carbon monoxide transfer factor (TLCO). The transfer coefficient, calculated as the TLCO divided by the alveolar volume determined by helium dilution during the measurement of TLCO, was increased. Pseudo-static compliance curves showed markedly more negative intrapleural pressures at all lung volumes than found in normal people. These results suggest that the circumferential pleural thickening was preventing normal lung expansion despite abnormally great distending pressures. The pattern of lung function tests is sufficiently distinctive for it to be recognised in clinical practice, and suggests that the lungs are held rigidly within an abnormal pleura. The pleural thickening in our patients may have been related to the condition described as "benign asbestos pleurisy" rather than the interstitial fibrosis of asbestosis. PMID- 7361284 TI - Evaluation of methods used to estimate inhaled dose of carbon monoxide. AB - We have compared estimation of alveolar carbon monoxide measured either as end expired or mixed-expired carbon monoxide tension with two spectrophotometric estimations of venous blood carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb). Estimation of mixed expired carbon monoxide proved more convenient for patients than the end-expired method, and this estimation of carbon monoxide exposure discriminated between non smokers and smokers as well as measurements of COHb. The technique is bloodless, economical, and simple to perform. It should prove a valuable method for validating reported smoking habits of people attending smoking advisory centres and for epidemiological surveys of smoking. PMID- 7361285 TI - An analogue computer for pressure-time measurements in valvular heart disease. AB - Accurate measurement of pressure differences across a diseased heart valve involves either laborious planimetry or elaborate digital computing facilities. An analogue device is described, simple and inexpensive to construct, which derives from the recorder input of two pressure signals the time (seconds/minute) of valve opening and the mean pressure difference during this time. Measurements may be repeated over long periods. The importance of using pressure differences as compared with peak or end diastolic gradients is noted; serious errors in assessment of valvular disease may otherwise occur. PMID- 7361286 TI - Reinfection tuberculosis: two cases in the family of a patient with drug resistant disease. AB - A 42-year-old housewife died of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. Two sons had earlier completed a course of treatment for drug-sensitive disease. Six months after her death both sons developed sputum-positive tuberculosis with a drug resistance pattern identical to that of their mother during her last year of life, and including resistance to drugs which neither son had received. In both cases immunocompetence to tuberculin was shown so that reinfection arose purely as a result of heavy exposure. PMID- 7361287 TI - Aortic valve replacement for severe aortic regurgitation caused by idiopathic giant cell aortitis. AB - Giant cell aoritis occurred in a 25-year-old woman, with absent pulses in the left arm and severe aortic regurgitation from dilatation of the valvar annulus. The aortic valve was replaced by a Starr-Edwards prosthesis, and the patient was treated with steroids. Five years later, she continues asymptomatic and haemodynamically stable. The left brachial and radial pulses have returned. PMID- 7361288 TI - The flow-volume loop: reproducibility of air and helium-based tests in normal subjects. PMID- 7361289 TI - Long asymptomatic period of atrial myxomas. PMID- 7361290 TI - Proceedings of the Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland. Annual Meeting, September, 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 7361291 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage in pulmonary fibrosis: comparison of cells obtained with lung biopsy and clinical features. PMID- 7361292 TI - The involvement of coated vesicles in the secretion of corticosterone by the zona fasciculata of the rat adrenal cortex. AB - Following exposure of rats to unpredictable stress there was a marked increase in the number of 'coated' vesicles in contact with or close to the cell membrane of the zona fasciculata cells. The close correlation between the vesicle numbers and the plasma levels of corticosterone led to the hypothesis that the coated vesicles were intimately involved in the secretory process. The use of horseradish peroxidase as a tracer protein confirmed that the coated vesicles were not involved in pinocytosis and the inward movement of materials, this function being performed by a much larger uncoated vesicle. The presence of microtubules associated with the coated vesicles and radiating through the Golgi body region, the site of formation of the vesicles, suggested that they may be involved in the transport of the secretory product to the cell membrane. The use of microtubules inhibitors, colchicine and vinblastine, were found to significantly reduce the plasma steroid response to stress. On the basis of these findings a new secretory mechanism was postulated. PMID- 7361293 TI - Effect of estradiol-17 alpha and diethylstilbestrol on adrenal cortex and anterior pituitary gland of the Mongolian gerbil. AB - Injection of diethylstilbestrol (DES) for 7 days in female gerbils significantly increased the number of vacuolar and membranous intranuclear inclusions with in mammotrophs of the anterior pituitary gland. The presence of multiple inclusions adjacent to the nuclear membrane suggests that vacuolar inclusions arise from the inner nuclear membrane. DES also increased significantly the number of lipid droplets in adrenocortical parenchymal cells and in macrophages of the zona reticularis. In contrast, estradiol-17 alpha induced only a few intranuclear inclusions in mammotrophs of castrated male gerbils after 14 days of injection. Estradiol-17 alpha injection was totally ineffective in causing accumulation of lipid droplets in macrophages or parenchymal cells of the zona reticularis, emphasizing the importance of stereo-specificity for inducing ultrastructural changes in the anterior pituitary and adrenal cortex of the Mongolian gerbil. PMID- 7361294 TI - Studies of adult amphibian heart cells in vitro: DNA synthesis and mitosis. AB - The ventricle of the adult newt heart was excised and cut into several pieces of approximately 0.5-1.0 mm. These heart pieces were then cultured for 60 days at 25 degrees C in a modified Leibovitz medium (L-15). Approximately 37% of the explants were attached to the substrate and more than 33% of the attached explants and approximately 15% of the unattached explants established pulsation rates which ranged 3-67 beats/min. The explants were labeled with 1 muCi/ml of 3H thymidine for 24 hr at 7, 15, 21, 30, 45 and 60 days of culture initiation, and processed for electron microscopic autoradiography. The examination of the autoradiograms revealed that as the culture continued, the cardiac muscle cells altered their morphology, resembling embryonic cardiac muscle cells. These altered muscle cells were termed dedifferentiated cardiac muscle cells. The number of these dedifferentiated cells increased over the period of culture, showing 10.3-94% dedifferentiated cells after 7-60 days of culture respectively. DNA synthesis and mitosis were observed in the dedifferentiated cardiac muscle cells, apart from the non-muscle cells. The quantitation of the autoradiograms revealed that the number of labeled nuclei in the cardiac muscle cells gradually increased over the period of culture, and a maximum number of labeled cardiac muscle cells (30%) was observed in the third week. The peak was followed by a decline in the eighth week which exhibited 1.5% labeled cardiac muscle cells. The trend of mitosis was similar to that of DNA synthesis. The maximum number of mitotic figures (9%) was observed in the third week of culture, which was followed by a decline and finally absent in the eight week. The cardiac non muscle cells, mostly fibroblasts and endothelial cells, also showed incorporation of 3H-thymidine in their nuclei. The number of labeled non-muscle cells nuclei and the mitotic index were highest (61 and 15% respectively) in the first week of culture, but then they decreased gradually over the eight-week period in culture. This study provides evidence for the first time that the adult amphibian cardiac myocytes can undergo DNA synthesis and mitosis when explanted and cultured. The significance of this cell replication is discussed. PMID- 7361295 TI - Morphological studies on the calcification process in the fresh-water mussel Amblema. AB - Light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, various histochemical procedures for the localization of mineral ions, and analytical electron microscopy have been used to investigate the mechanisms inherent at the mantle edge for shell formation and growth in Amblema plicata perplicata, Conrad. The multilayered periostracum, its component laminae formed from the epithelia lining either the periostracal groove or the outer mantle epithelium (of the periostracal cul de sac), appears to play the major regulatory and organizational role in the formation of the component mineralized layers of the shell. Thus, the inner layer of the periostracum traps and binds calcium and subsequently gives rise to matricial proteinaceous fibrils or lamellar extensions which serve as nucleation templates for the formation and orientation of the crystalline subunits (rhombs) in the forming nacreous layer. Simultaneously, the middle periostracal layer furnishes or provides the total ionic calcium pool and the matrical organization necessary for the production of the spherical subunits which pack the matrical 'bags' of the developing prismatic layer. The outer periostracal layer appears to be a supportive structure, possibly responsible for the mechanical deformations which occur in the other laminae of the periostracum. The functional differences in the various layers of the periostracum are related to peculiar morphological variables (foliations, vacuolizations, columns) inherent in the structure and course of this heterogeneous (morphologically and biochemically) unit. From this study, using the dynamic mantle edge as a morphological model system, we have been able to identify at least six interrelated events which culminate in the production of the mature mineralized shell layers (nacre, prisms) at the growing edge of this fresh-water mussel. PMID- 7361296 TI - Cryptonephric malpighian tubule system in a dipteran larva, the New Zealand glow worm, Arachnocampa luminosa (Diptera: Mycetophilidae): a structural study. AB - The Malpighian tubules of the glow-worm are divided into four morphologically distinct regions, each composed of a different cell type. Part 3 of the Malpighian tubules of A. luminosa is intimately bound to the rectum by a layer of fat body. This association of the tubules with the hindgut is referred to as a cryptonephric system. This type of arrangement has been described in some Coleoptera and the larvae of most Lepidoptera but has never before been reported in the Diptera. In the glow-worm the cryptonephric tubules themselves are small, and adjacent to the fat body the epithelial cells are modified to form very thin windows or 'leptophragmata' (Lison, 1937). The main epithelial cells exhibit features characteristic of highly active, secretory Malpighian tubule cells. The high density of mitochondria and their association with all the microvilli is indicative of a highly active secretory cell. The high concentration of glycogen in these cells and their intimate association with the hindgut suggest that they may, in addition, have a nutrient absorptive function. The role of the cryptonephric rectal complex in the glow-worm is discussed in the light of present knowledge gained from previous studies of coleopteran and larval lepidopteran cryptonephric systems. On structural grounds a model is proposed for the regulation of the ionic environment of the rectum, and the uptake and metabolism of organic material from the rectal lumen by this cryptonephric complex. PMID- 7361298 TI - Access of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to the extracellular spaces of the maturation zone of the rat incisor enamel organ. AB - Adult rats received a single dose of HRP intravenously and were killed from 10 min to 6 hr after injection. Following fixation with glutaraldehyde, the enamel organs were treated with a Graham-Karnovsky-type procedure for peroxidase activity, post-osmicated, and embedded in plastic. Sections were studied with light and electron microscopes. Ten minutes after injection, reaction product was found in all extracellular spaces of the enamel organ, at the enamel-ameloblast interface over smooth-ended and intermediate ameloblasts, and in apical surface invaginations and vesicles of the latter cell types. The enamel-ameloblast interface over the ruffle-ended aemloblasts and the extracellular spaces within the ruffled border were free of reaction product and remained so for up to 6 hr. The apical terminal bars of the ruffle-ended ameloblasts functioned as a barrier to HRP. The basal terminal bars of the smooth-ended ameloblasts likewise seemed to prevent the passage of the HRP. Possibly, HRP flows in a lateral direction from groups of ruffle-ended into groups of smooth-ended ameloblasts. Between 10 min and 6 hr, HRP was cleared more rapidly from the extracellular spaces of the papillary layer than from those of the ameloblast layer, and there was little backflow of tracer from the ameloblast into the papillary layer. Eventually, tracer was cleared also from the extracellular spaces of the ameloblast layer, probably mainly through micropinocytosis by the ameloblasts. A working model is proposed regarding the handling of large molecules by the enamel organ in the maturation zone. PMID- 7361297 TI - An ultrastructural study and stereological analysis of the colon wall in the cockroach Periplaneta americana. AB - The colonic epithelium has been examined for ultrastructural evidence of physiological activity. The cells show extensive folding of the apical plasma membrane, associated with mitochondria and an internal coating of particles about 120 A diameter. Anteriorly many apical infoldings are dilated at the tip to form substantial extracellular spaces up to 0.8 micron wide. Narrow intercellular channels are present, opening to the haemolymph side of the epithelium. Pinocytosis is seen frequently at the basal surface. The surface densities of apical plasma membranes were not significantly different in the posterior mid-gut and colon. Similarly the volume densities of mitochondria were equal in the colonic epithelium and rectal pads, but the surface density of outer mitochondrial membranes was greater in the colon. It is suggested that the colon may absorb organic solutes from the gut lumen. PMID- 7361299 TI - The nucleolus during epidermal development in an insect. AB - The fifth stadium of Calpodes has two phases of epidermal cell development corresponding to preparation for intermoult and for moult syntheses. Both phases begin with a period of elevated RNA synthesis and the elaboration of a multilobed nucleolus. The apparent number of nucleoli changes from about two to eight and back to two again within the few hours of elevated RNA synthesis. The nucleolar changes are preceded by elevated titres of haemolymph ecdysteroid. During the two periods of activity, alveoli in the matrix of the nucleoli contain particles believed to be ribosomal precursors. The staining properties of these granules differ according to size in a way that suggests a developmental sequence. Mature granules are about 20 nm in diameter and do not stain with bismuth. They are found at the periphery of the nucleolus, in the nucleoplasm, at the approaches to and within the nucleopores. Perichromatin granules, believed to be m-RNA precursor packages, are up to 60 nm in diameter, do stain with bismuth and are found at the periphery of chromatin, in nucleoplasm and distorted at the approaches to the nuclear pores to fit within the central channel. During these periods of heightened activity the nuclear envelope contains microvesicles that may be free or attached to either nuclear or cytoplasmic surfaces. The structure is appropriate for the microvesicular transnuclear envelope movement of molecules such as the ecdysteroid believed to initiate the nuclear changes. PMID- 7361300 TI - Morphology of connective tissue in skeletal muscle. AB - The arrangement and distribution of connective tissue in six different skeletal muscles and smooth muscle was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The endomysial arrangement of collagen was similar in all types of muscle and consisted of three components: (1) myocyte-myocyte connectives; (2) myocyte capillary connectives; and (3) a weave network of collagen intimately associated with the basal laminae of the myocytes. The perimysium of the different muscles was qualitatively similar but quantitatively dissimilar. The perimysium consisted consisted of large tendon-like bundles of interwoven collagen which connected with the dense weave collagen that surrounded groups of muscles. The arrangement of the collagen in the perimysium and endomysium would explain differences in the mechanical properties of the different muscle. The contribution of the connective tissue to mechanical properties of muscle is discussed. PMID- 7361301 TI - A proposed solution to a fine-structural puzzle: the organization of gill cuticle in a crayfish (Panulirus). AB - Crayfish gill cuticle is approximately 2 micron thick and comprises an epicuticle and an endocuticle, which is subdivided into outer and inner layers. Sections demonstrate indistinct lamellae in the outer endocuticle and vertically striated lamellae in the inner endocuticle. Microfibrils cannot be seen in sections. Difficulties in interpretation of the fibrous architecture of the cuticle from thin sections have been overcome by examining tilted series of micrographs of sections and also by making freeze-fracture replicas of the cuticle, which reveal the microfibrils clearly. A model for the endocuticle based on a helicoidal configuration of microfibrillar laminae is proposed and the vertically striated structures seen in sections of the outer layer are accounted for by including regular rows of particles oriented perpendicular to microfibrils. The model is compared with cuticles and coverings reported from other invertebrates. PMID- 7361302 TI - Fine structure of the unistellate sperm of the shrimp, Sicyonia ingentis (Natantia). AB - Sperm of the prawn Sicyonia ingentis were studied cytochemically and ultrastructurally. Striking cytological differences were noted between these natantian sperm and previously studied reptantian sperm. In general, the S. ingentis sperm are composed of a spherical main body that is partially encompassed by a morphologically diverse cap region, from which extends a single appendage or spike. The main body houses an uncondensed, Feulgen-positive nuclear region that is partially surrounded by a cytoplasmic band. A single layer of small, 600 A, vesicles lines the periphery of the cytoplasmic band. Large membranous vesicles extend from the inner surface of the cytoplasmic band into the nuclear region. The nucleus is separated from the cap or acrosomal complex by a dense plate and a highly organized crystalline lattice, which is composed of geometric squares that are approximately 350 A in dimension. The cap region also contains convoluted membrane pouches; a central granular core; spherical bodies; an electron-dense, saucer-shaped plate; and a large anterior granule. The convoluted membrane pouches and anterior granule are periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive. The anterior granule also demonstrates RNAase-stable red fluorescence with acridine orange staining. A spiralled spike, approximately 6 micron long, extends from the anterior end of the cap. The cap and spike are bound by a double membrane, which results from the fusion of the plasma membrane and the convoluted pouch membrane. The sperm's acrosome is thought to be composed of the two PAS positive cap components and the spike. PMID- 7361303 TI - Ultrastructural observation of oogenesis in the crustacea amphipoda Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas). AB - The oogenesis of the Crustacea Amphipoda Orchestia gammarellus can be divided in five stages taking into consideration both the oocyte ultrastructure and the physiology of the ovary. The primary oogonium (12 micron in diameter) is lodged within the germinative zone: after division, the daughter cell (or secondary oogonium) leaves this area and enters meiotic prophase. Stage I is represented by the oocyte with visible chromosomes (12-18 micron in diameter) the cytoplasmic ultrastructure of which is comparable to that of the oogonium. Stage II or previtellogenesis is characterized by a considerable growth of the oocyte (18-80 micron in diameter) which becomes enriched in ribosomes and vesicles of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; the oocyte does not yet contain any vitelline reserve (proteinaceous and lipid). Stage III or primary vitellogenesis (80-160 micron in diameter) is typified by the synthetic activity of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, corresponding to an endogenous accumulation of proteinaceous yolk. Stage IV or secondary vitellogenesis (160-800 micron in diameter) only appears during the period of reproduction; by means of endocytosis the oocyte accumulates yolk spheres in addition to lipid droplets, the origin of which is uncertain; towards the end of vitellogenesis, cortical granules become a feature that is noted for the first time in Crustacea. The last stage or maturation (800 micron in diameter) starts right before or immediately after the exuviation of the female and ends with fertilization. PMID- 7361305 TI - Metabolic fate of 1,4-cyclo[14C]hexanedimethanol in rats. PMID- 7361304 TI - Acute toxicity of penicillic acid and its interaction with pentobarbital and other compounds. PMID- 7361306 TI - Long-term toxicity of ortho-touenesulfonamide and sodium saccharin in the rat. PMID- 7361307 TI - Comparative neurotoxicity and metabolism of ethyl n-butyl ketone and methyl n butyl ketone in rats. PMID- 7361308 TI - The toxicological evaluation of the mycotoxins T-2 and T-2 tetraol using normal human fibroblasts in vitro. PMID- 7361309 TI - In vivo and in vitro metabolism of ethylenethiourea in the rat and the cat. PMID- 7361311 TI - Species difference in the binding of aflatoxin B1 to hepatic macromolecules. PMID- 7361310 TI - Kinetics of lung cell labeling after lung lavage assay. PMID- 7361312 TI - Absence of dichloromethane teratogenicity with inhalation exposure in rats. PMID- 7361313 TI - Behavioral toxicity in the offspring of rats following maternal exposure to dichloromethane. PMID- 7361314 TI - The absorption, distribution, and excretion of alkylpolyethoxylates by rats and humans. PMID- 7361315 TI - Mechanism of chlorpromazine prevention of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver necrosis. PMID- 7361316 TI - Reproduction studies with 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) in rats and rabbits. PMID- 7361317 TI - Embryotoxic, teratogenic, and metabolic effects of ribavirin in mice. PMID- 7361318 TI - Pharmacologic correlation between local anesthetic-induced myotoxicity and disturbances of intracellular calcium distribution. PMID- 7361319 TI - Lung sulfhydryl changes in rats following chlorine inhalation. PMID- 7361320 TI - Alteration of vascular permeability due to cytochalasin E. PMID- 7361321 TI - Applications of methods of statistical analysis to efficient repeated-dose toxicologic tests. 2. Methods for analysis of body, liver, and kidney weight data. PMID- 7361322 TI - Protection against mercuric chloride by nephrotoxic agents which do not induce thionein. PMID- 7361323 TI - Effect of tobacco-leaf extract administration on liver, lung, intestine, and serum enzymes. PMID- 7361325 TI - Computer-assisted structure-activity studies of chemical carcinogens: a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon data set. PMID- 7361324 TI - Effect of dose on lead retention and distribution in suckling and adult female mice. PMID- 7361327 TI - The effect of carbon tetrachloride treatment on urine flow rate of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. PMID- 7361326 TI - Chlorphentermine uptake by isolated perfused rabbit lung. PMID- 7361328 TI - The acute toxicity of four trihalomethanes in male and female rats. PMID- 7361329 TI - [Problems of evaluation of therapy results achieved in tumor patients (author's transl)]. AB - The success of a therapy can be judged in a more objective manner by comparing the survival times of a group of patients with those of comparable sound persons. In order to complete the histological classification of the different tumor types, the criteria "characterizing survival time T" and "a" can be established by adapting the survival times to the scheme of Weibull. PMID- 7361330 TI - Hodgkin's disease in the Waldeyer's ring. AB - Amongst 128 patients with Hodgkin's disease six were found to have involvement of Waldeyer's lymphoid ring, one in tonsil and five in nasopharynx. Of these, three were histologically verified by biopsies taken from Waldeyer's ring, whilst three had histology only from upper cervical lymph nodes. Disease was confined to head and neck area by five, one had a more widespread process. Discussing diagnostic difficulties of nasopharyngeal involvement the importance of roentgentomography is stressed. Principles of radiotherapy are expounded and a more diligent search for detecting nasopharyngeal disease is proposed. PMID- 7361331 TI - 5 years of operation experience with a 4 MeV linear accelerator in radiotherapy. AB - The results of our experience in operating a 4 MeV linear accelerator Clinac 4 from Varian in radiotherapy are reported, especially considering the 12-hours-per day operation for more than the last 3 years. Frequency of defects of different parts is discussed. The downtime adds up to 6 days per year, service and repair costs amount of US $ 33,--per patient. PMID- 7361332 TI - [Results of radiation therapy of cancer of the lip (author's transl)]. AB - The authors are presenting the 5-year survival rates of 170 patients treated for carcinoma of the lip at the radiological department of the Medical University in Debrecen. The results of radiation therapy, clarified and stage-correlated, are as follows: T1 100%, T2 90.2%, T3 67.9%. They call attention to the fact that in planning and carrying out the schedule of radiation treatment its effectiveness is stage-dependent. In radiation treatment applied in conformity with this, the basic laws of radiation therapy have to be observed. In the treatment of Stages T1 the optimal added-up radiation effectiveness lies at 2000 to 2500 reu with Chaoul tubes 1 and 2, for Stages T2 at 2300 to 2600 reu with Chaoul tubes 3 and 4, for Stages T3 at 2500 to 2600 reu with Chaoul tubes 3, 6 or 10 and additional telecobalt irradiation of the corresponding lymphatic chains. PMID- 7361333 TI - [Physico-technical irradiation planning for the therapy of oesophagus carcinomas by means of computed whole-body tomography (author's transl)]. AB - It is particularly difficult to establish a physico-technical irradiation plan for the thoracic part of an oesophagus carcinoma. This is due to the considerable modifications of the thoracic cross-section within the longitudinal axis of the radiation field. Therefore, tomographic cross-sections were made of the upper, the middle and the lower plane of the radiation field. The percentage dose distributions could be determined with a process computer (system TPS, Phillips) for different irradiation techniques and irradiation equipments. Examinations of 21 patients showed that the best dose distribution, i.e. a distribution which spares the lung and spinal marrow regions adjacent to the target volume, is obtained by an excentric moving field therapy. Furthermore, localisation and dimensions of inhomogeneities are indicated by computed tomography which makes possible to take into consideration these inhomogeneities when calculating the dose. It was found that the irradiation times can so be reduced by more than 20%. We are therefore of the opinion that it is necessary to establish individual cross-sections of the body by computed tomography when elaborating a physico technical irradiation plan for the treatment of an oesophagus carcinoma. PMID- 7361334 TI - Comparison between experimental measurements and calculated transport simulation for electron dose distributions inside homogeneous phantoms. AB - Comparison is made between dosimetric results measured on electron beams delivered by the three medical accelerators Sagittaire, Saturne and Neptune built by CGR MeV with the results simulated by a Monte Carlo method. In depth, the differences are small for moderate energies with scanned electron beams. In the penumbra region, the differences are small in all cases. PMID- 7361335 TI - Application of the NSD concept in radiotherapy. Limitations due to inaccuracies in clinical dosimetry. AB - Time dose fractionation schemes in radiotherapy have been developed on empirical lines over a period of several years. Ellis proposed the NSD formula to facilitate a meaningful comparison of clinical results from different centres and different fractionation regimes. Recent studies indicate that there is a steep tumour dose response curve which necessitates that the delivered doses must have an accuracy within +/- 5%. The ranges of the variations of the parameters in the NSD formula which still give dose estimates within this accuracy have been studied in this paper. It is concluded that because of the uncertainties involved in dose output calibration and other physical and empirical constants, extreme caution has to be exercised in routinely using the NSD concept and those of TDF, CRE, PT and BIR, which have the NSD concept as their basis. PMID- 7361336 TI - Estimation of RBEs of thermal neutrons and reactor beam in the thermal neutron field for biomedical purposes. AB - The radiation field and reactor beam were prepared to measure the RBE of thermal neutrons and reactor beam in Kyoto University Reactor (KUR). The RBE of reactor beam with low contamination of gamma ray (1.8 x 10(11) n cm-2R-1) and high Cd ratio (5000) on HeLa cells was 1.26 at the surviving fraction of 0.90, and the estimated RBE of thermal neutrons was 5.50 at the same surviving fraction. PMID- 7361337 TI - The concentrations of SH-groups in some radiosensitive tissues after the administration of radioprotectors in rats. AB - The changes in the concentrations of total, nonprotein and protein SH-groups were spectrophotometrically determined in the small intestine and bone marrow of the rats 10, 20, 30 and 60 min after the administration of protective doses of cystamine (50 mg/kg), mexamine (10 mg/kg) or of a mixture of cystamine with mexamine (20 + 10 mg/kg). Cystamine caused an increase in the concentration of mainly nonprotein thiols, whereas the mexamine administration increased the protein SH-groups (mainly between the 20th and 30th min after treatment). The radioprotective mixture led to the most pronounced increase at the 10-min interval. This increase at the 10- and 20-min intervals was more pronounced (or identical) than after cystamine or mexamine administered as a single agent. If the SH-concentration should correspond to the degree of radioprotection, then the phenomenon observed would indicate the usefulness of the mixture administered. PMID- 7361338 TI - Changes of 32P-incorporation in vitro into phospholipids of blood platelets after whole-body irradiation of rabbits. I. Comparison of 32P-incorporation with some platelet functional tests during early development of postirradiation thrombocytopenia. AB - In the period of postirradiation bone-marrow activity depression, changes of the 32P incorporation into phospholipids of blood platelets in rabbits after whole body exposure to 103.2 mC/kg were noted in vitro. Increased incorporation into phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyeline on the 11th day and into phosphatidylserine on the 8th and 11th day were recorded. On the 5th, 8th and 11th days the pattern of incorporation is changed. During this period a pronounced decrease of 32P incorporation into phosphatidylinositols of the blood platelets was noted, no changes in the representation of the phospholipids of interest (PC, PE, SM, PS, PI) were observed and no alterations of the blood platelet adhesiveness were found. The PF3-A and PF3-F test did not reveal any significant changes of the role of PF 3 in the blood clotting process. PMID- 7361339 TI - Histological effects of low dose-rate gamma-irradiation. II. Observations in rats after 400 rad total-dose irradiation. AB - Several days after 400 rad low (0.59 to 0.63 rad/min) dose-rate gamma irradiation, minor histological injuries are observed in some of the radiosensitive organs of rats in contrast to the same dose of acute irradiation after the same interval. The earlier initiation and the more accelerated pace of regeneration, as against acute irradiation, are playing a role in the less severity of injuries, though its significance is not so unequivocal as at higher radiation doses. PMID- 7361340 TI - The role of social isolation in suicide. AB - This paper reviews the literature which relates to the role of social isolation in suicide. Major areas include theories on suicide and social isolation, measures of social isolation, and empirical studies which concern the relationship of social isolation to suicide. Social isolation seems to be related to suicidal behaviors in a direct and fundamental way. Implications for helping contacts and the community are addressed. PMID- 7361342 TI - When a patient commits suicide. AB - Suicide is a tragic and upsetting event which sometimes occurs when a person is in some form of therapy. This paper advocates a process after a patient commits suicide which allows for a thorough and orderly working through of the event by involved treatment personnel. The primary focus of this process is neither identification of responsibility nor of cause. The primary goals are to air issues and attitudes, identify factors contributing to the suicide, and most particularly to allow for the thorough expression of residual feelings and issues by the treatment personnel affected. Therapists who utilized this process were able to deal satisfactorily with grief and guilt issues after experiencing patient suicides. A case example illustrates the use of this process. PMID- 7361343 TI - Suicide and infantile fixations. AB - Infantile fixations upon primary parental figures and relationships is one of several factors central to the suicidal situation. The association of infantile fixations to suicidal behavior relates not only to their presence or degree but to their traumatic quality and to the occurrence of patterns of relationship with others who are similarly fixated. Other significant features of such infantile fixations are their rigid and repetitive character. Case illustrations highlight both the infantile fixation phenomenon and efforts to change by forming new or different attachments, and the conflict between the two. Lastly, implications for psychotherapy include the needs to reduce the anxiety and self hatred associated with infantile ties; to provide a temporary regression as a first step towards transformation of fixation and mastery; and to accept, rather than to attack, the suicidal patient's infantile attachments and patterns. PMID- 7361344 TI - The frequency of suicides around major public holidays: some surprising findings. AB - This paper analyzes the recorded number of U.S. daily suicides, 1972-1976. The paper shows that: there is a dip in suicides on and just before major public holidays; there is a peak in suicides just after these holidays; and, the dip in suicides is somewhat larger than the peak--hence, there is a net decrease in suicides around the holidays. On balance, the holidays appear to reduce the number of suicides, not increase them, as previously believed. In addition, previous research has focussed on the negative psychological impact of holidays. Our findings indicate that holidays have a positive component, which should be taken into account in future research. PMID- 7361345 TI - The suicide of Seymour Glass. AB - This paper explores the suicide of Seymour Glass, a major character in J. D. Salinger's fiction and utilizes the "psychological autopsy" technique as a framework for investigating the psychodynamics of Seymour's death. Based upon materials provided throughout Salinger's stories, the suicide is analyzed in terms of five major elements related to Seymour's emotional state and manifest behaviors: (1) details of the death; (2) personal story; (3) level of perturbation; (4) personality and life-style; and (5) intention and lethality of the act. Additionally, this essay posits various interpretations on the suicide and allows for insights into the psychodynamic functioning of a major literary character. PMID- 7361346 TI - Growth of Sinclair swine melanoma in the hamster cheek pouch. AB - Specimens from seven Sinclair swine melanomas were transplanted to the cheek pouches of Syrian Golden hamsters. The specimens were taken from young swine and were derived from raised tumors that either were present at birth or developed after birth from flat melanocytic lesions as well as from apparently normal skin. All seven specimens grew in the hamster cheek pouch. One lesion, derived from a 3 day-old piglet, exhibited the most aggressive growth in the hamster and was successfully transferred to other hamster cheek pouches. These results confirm the malignancy of Sinclair swine melanoma and indicate that tumors of neonatal swine contain more malignant cells than those of older animals. PMID- 7361341 TI - A note of suicidal behaviors among intimates. AB - This paper presents a breif report of four (of 62) cases in which a relative or intimate friend made a suicide attempt within a month of the significant other's suicide, usually using a similar method. PMID- 7361347 TI - Motor urge incontinence: diagnosis and treatment. AB - A detailed study and analysis of several hundred cases of motor urge incontinence in the female is presented and summarized. This includes the incidence, the history referring to a questionnaire with a new urge and stress score, the symptomatology, possible etiological factors, the cystometric manifestation and the responsiveness to several treatment modalities and medications. A comparison of flavoxate, emepronium, propantheline and a placebo for the treatment of urinary incontinence due to bladder instability is made, the results are discussed and recommendations are made. PMID- 7361348 TI - Change of total and prostatic serum acid phosphatase levels following hyperglycemic treatment in patients with prostatic carcinoma. AB - For the purpose of reevaluating diagnostic usefulness of total and prostatic serum acid phosphatase levels in patients with prostatic carcinoma, change of these levels was studied in 110 randomly selected patients, of which 35 were untreated prostatic carcinoma cases. Following hyperglycemic treatment, both levels in untreated carcinoma patients decreased significantly to their pretreatment levels and this test was a useful tool for diagnosis in the patients with prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 7361349 TI - [New physiological aspects of the human urinary bladder (author's transl)]. AB - With respect to the new electrophysiological, morphological, histochemical, pharmacological and urodynamical investigations of the function of the urinary bladder, the common aspect of the existence of a smooth sphincter on one hand and a striated sphincter on the other hand, an alternate function of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system in filling of the bladder and in micturition can no more be accepted. A new own concept of the mechanism, which is in action at the bladder neck closure, is demonstrated. This concept goes out from the existence of two systems of smooth musculature in the outlet of the bladder. The first one with mainly longitudinally laying strips is standing under parasympathetic control. Its activation in the beginning of voiding opens the bladder neck. The second one consists of more circulary strips. Its activation is alpha-adrenergic. The contraction of this part of the musculature causes the closure of the bladder neck. Certainly the striated musculature does not play an important role of the continence in normal persons resting conditions. However, in some pathological conditions, it must be taken into consideration. It must be noted, too, that the striated urethral musculature and the pelvic floor do not act synchronous. PMID- 7361350 TI - Serum-ionized calcium as a diagnostic tool in hypercalciuria. AB - Serum-ionized calcium (Ca++) was measured in 65 patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. The patients were then divided into hypercalciuric and normocalciuric groups based on the mean + SD of the control group, with greater than 180 mg/24 h in males and greater than 176 mg/24 h in females defined as hypercalciuria. The results showed a decrease in the tubular reabsorption of calcium in the hypercalciuric group, but not in the normocalciuric group. The hypercalciuric group was then further divided into group I with increased filtered load and group II with with normal filtered load. It was suggested that the group I hypercalciurics had absorptive hypercalciuria and group II renal hypercalciuria. PMID- 7361351 TI - Kidney and bladder pulsating activities during radioisotope renogram by computer data analysis. AB - This is a report of a new method in which the mathematical study of radioactivity changes in the bladder and kidney shows evidence of pulsating and vibratory activities. This study was done during radioisotope renogram with 99mTc DTPA. Spectral analysis of the recorded activities, taken 50 frames/sec and 1 frame every 10 sec by a scintillation camera connected to a computer, shows evidence of pulsating and vibratory activities of the kidney and the bladder. Slow pulsations with a period from 1/2 to 2 1/2 min were identified. Infrasonoric vibrations, from 2 to 25 Hz were found in the kidney, in a full bladder and during micturition. PMID- 7361352 TI - Partial nephrectomy: Mayo Clinic experience 1957--1977. AB - Three hundred and six partial nephrectomies were performed at Mayo Clinic between 1957 and 1977. Operative and postoperative risks were analyzed according to the indication for surgery, type of partial nephrectomy performed, and other factors. The results demonstrate that partial nephrectomy performed by modern techniques is safe, with acceptable operative time, operative blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay. Complications encountered also were investigated. One death occurred, 8 delayed nephrectomies were required, in 2 patients delayed renal hemorrhage developed, 10 had urinary fistulas or urinomas, and in 16 patients wound infections developed. Study of the techniques used in those cases with postoperative complications suggests several approaches to reduce still further the morbidity of partial nephrectomy. PMID- 7361353 TI - Dynamics of obstruction in acontractile bladder: attempt at management. AB - Five patients with acontractile bladders were observed during lateral voiding cystourethrography in the resting and straining states. Two abnormalities were noted: (1) posterior displacement of the bladder with closure of the posterior vesicourethral angle on straining, and (2) plication of the bladder over the symphysis pubis, resulting in the formation of an anterior pseudodiverticulum. Two other abnormalities are discussed: closure of the anterior vesicourethral angle, and descent of the bladder and prostate in flaccid paraplegia, causing plication at the prostatic apex. Surgical techniques for the correction of the abnormalities are described. PMID- 7361354 TI - Urolithiasis in infancy. AB - This review of 69 infants (up to two years old) with full preoperative workup, all with urinary calculus disease, covers a fifteen-year period and shows a high incidence of this disease in Turkey when compared with other studies in the literature. It also presents cases of urolithiasis in infancy which, to date, have not been treated as a separate phenomenon. PMID- 7361355 TI - Suprapubic suspension of Kaufman urinary incontinence prosthesis: new technique. AB - Many operative procedures have been devised to treat postprostatectomy urinary incontinence. The most widely employed technique today is implantation of the Kaufman urinary incontinence prosthesis. This device maintains continence by passive compression of the bulbous urethra. Unfortunately, it is associated with a 39-per cent failure rate. We have modified Kaufman's operative technique by suspending the posterior straps of the device to the anterior rectus fascia. Passive urethral compression is thus augmented by partial transmission of increases in intra-abdominal pressure. This article describes the details of the surgical procedure and the results in 3 cases. PMID- 7361356 TI - Coma from hyponatremia following transurethral resection of prostate. AB - Even though hyponatremia may occur following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), only 14 patients of a large TURP population deteriorated to a comatose state as a result of hyponatremia. These patients were generally older, with larger prostates, and longer resection times than the average for transurethral resection of the prostate. They also consistently had serum sodium levels postoperatively of near 120 mEq./L. or below. It was noted that obtundation can occur immediately or be delayed several hours. Even though no deaths occurred, awareness of the possibility of post-TURP hyponatremia and prompt treatment with hypertonic saline were shown to reduce morbidity significantly. PMID- 7361357 TI - Mini-dose heparin therapy in pelvic lymphadenectomy and 125I implantation for localized prostatic cancer. AB - A retrospective comparison of patients undergoing pelvic lymphadenectomy and iodine-125 implantation for localized prostatic cancer was undertaken. A control group of 276 patients was compared with 105 patients in a mini-dose heparin group. No protective benefit in the prevention of thromboembolic events was demonstrated. Operative and postoperative complications are reviewed. PMID- 7361358 TI - Skin flap technique in formation of urinary conduit stoma. AB - Stomal stenosis following ileal loop diversion is a significant complication to warrant attention. One of the predisposing factors remains the circular nature of the stoma itself, often in conjunction with chronic skin irritation. Surgical revisions predispose one not only to the usual hazards of operation, but also tend to be multiple or involve extensive surgical reconstruction. A skin flap technique in the initial formation of the stoma avoids the incidence of stenosis related to the circular nature of the stoma. The procedure is simple and does not increase the surgical time. No significant stomal complications developed in 28 patients who had urinary diversions, followed for a mean of 30.6 months. PMID- 7361359 TI - Vesical adenocarcinoma occurring in patient with pelvic lipomatosis. AB - This is the first case reported of adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder in a patient with pelvic lipomatosis and cystitis glandularis. The abnormal pelvic fat hampered endoscopic evaluation and transurethral biopsy, confused clinical staging, and complicated preoperative irradiation and cystectomy. The development of adenocarcinoma in this patient indicates the potential for malignant transformation of cystitis glandularis and underscores the necessity for endoscopic follow-up of persons with pelvic lipomatosis. PMID- 7361360 TI - Double conjoining vas deferens. AB - The importance of careful palpation of the scrotal contents and follow-up semen analysis when performing vasectomies is proved by this case report of a double vas deferens conjoining into a single vas. PMID- 7361361 TI - Tunica albuginea cyst: rare testicular mass. AB - A case of a benign tunica albuginea cyst as a possible testicular malignancy is presented. PMID- 7361362 TI - Von Hippel-Lindau disease simulating polycystic kidney disease. AB - Polycystic kidney disease and the renal manifestations of von Hippel-Lindau disease have much in common. Making the distinction between these two diseases is important. There is a strong association of renal cell carcinoma with von Hippel Lindau disease, whereas renal cell carcinoma is rare in polycystic kidney disease. Furthermore, the many extrarenal manifestations of von Hippel-Lindau disease are serious and can be fatal while those of polycystic kidney disease are generally benign. Early diagnosis of the lesions of von Hippel-Lindau disease could lead to effective surgical treatment and prevent death. A case of von Hippel-Lindau disease is presented which was incorrectly diagnosed as polycystic kidney disease for sixteen years. The case is instructive in that the possibility of making the correct diagnosis prior to the patient's terminal illness was only through careful assessment of the family. The case is also remarkable in that the patient suffered from progressive renal failure requiring hemodialysis, which has not been associated previously with von Hippel-Lindau disease. PMID- 7361363 TI - Perforation of ileal conduit with pediatric gastroscope during endoscopy. AB - We report a case of perforation of ileal conduit during endoscopy, a rare complication of a procedure done infrequently in most institutions. We present one method of treatment. PMID- 7361364 TI - Percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy dilatation. PMID- 7361365 TI - One-incision, pararectal, extraperitoneal (OIPE) approach for bilateral procedures on lower two thirds of ureters. PMID- 7361366 TI - Extended pelvic lymphadenectomy. PMID- 7361367 TI - Primary localized amyloidosis of bladder. AB - A case of primary localized amyloid tumor of the bladder is described, which was confused with neoplasm by cystoscopic, urographic, and other studies. Surgical specimens obtained by transurethral resection were diagnostic. PMID- 7361370 TI - Case profile: nephrocalcinosis with ureterocalcinosis secondary to medullary sponge kidney. PMID- 7361368 TI - Suture granuloma simulating bladder neoplasm. AB - A large suture granuloma rarely may occur long after surgery using nonabsorbable suture. We report a case in which such a lesion simulated a bladder wall neoplasm. PMID- 7361369 TI - Atypical germ cells preceding metachronous bilateral testicular tumors. AB - This is the sixth reported case of metachronous testicular neoplasia in which a seminoma has preceded an embryonal carcinoma. Of particular note is the presence of atypical germ cells in the biopsy specimen of the gonad from which the embryonal carcinoma arose. There has developed recently an increasing awareness of germ cell atypia and carcinoma in situ. Pathologists examining testicular biopsies in the infertile patient should be alerted to this process. PMID- 7361371 TI - Importance of routine vascular nephrotomography in excretory urography. AB - The rapid intravenous injection of a large bolus of contrast medium produces a vascular as well as a tubular nephrogram. They are additive but the vascular phase is early, intense, and brief whereas the tubular phase is less intense but more prolonged. The addition of tomography during either phase improves visualization of the renal parenchyma and its outline. A comparison study of tomography during the vascular phase (vascular nephrotomography) with that at five minutes demonstrated the superiority of the former. Our technique, data, and illustrative case abstracts are presented. PMID- 7361372 TI - Testicular torsion and usefulness of radionuclide scanning. AB - The usage of the testicular scan to differentiate torsion from epididymo-orchitis in 33 patients is reported. Our results yielded a surgically confirmed accuracy rate of 77 per cent, and a clinical accuracy rate of 100 per cent. The entity of missed torsion has a characteristic appearance, which we have termed the "halo sign." PMID- 7361373 TI - Detrusor hyperreflexia inhibited by anal dilatation. AB - Urge incontinence in 6 patients was found to be due to detrusor hyperreflexia. A cystometrogram was repeated during calibrated anal dilatation and showed increased bladder capacity and decreased hyperreflexia in 4 patients and a normal curve in 2 patients. The mechanism of this response is discussed. PMID- 7361374 TI - Government practices and the medical practitioner. PMID- 7361376 TI - Canine intestinal adenocarcinoma and carcinoid. AB - Thirty-one of 35 canine intestinal neoplasms were adenocarcinomas and four were carcinoids. Acinar, solid, papillary and mucinous adenocarcinomas were seen. Acinar and papillary adenocarcinomas were more common the duodenum, colon and rectum. Papillary adenocarcinomas involved longer segments of the intestine. Mucinous adenocarcinomas were in all segments of the intestines but were more frequent in the jejunum. The only signet ring cell carcinoma occurred in the duodenum. Carcinoids occurred equally in the duodenum and colon. Half the rectal tumors showed transition from benign polypoid lesions to adenocarcinomas. Hyperplasia, branching of crypts, increase in goblet cells, and glandular fusion (some cells with anaplasia) were severe in the mucosa adjoining all neoplastic tissue. Local invasion was seen in 32 dogs. Lymph node, lungs, liver and intestinal wall were the most common sites of metastases, Half of the metastases in the liver were from carcinoids and were diffuse. PMID- 7361375 TI - Subclinical myopathy associated with hyperadrenocorticism in the dog. AB - One of seven dogs with clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism had clinical evidence of neuromuscular disorder. Clinical diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism was confirmed by plasma cortisol concentrations before and after adrenocorticotrophin hormone and dexamethasone administration. Electromyographic studies showed bizarre, high frequency discharges in all dogs. Examination of muscle biopsies taken from the biceps femoris muscle from each dog revealed mild degenerative changes of fiber size variation, focal necrosis and fiber splitting. Ragged red fibers were prominent and appeared to be related to mitochondrial aggregates. Significant (P less than 0.05) type 1 and 2 fiber atrophy was found in all dogs. Fiber grouping was present in four dogs. Studies of fascicular biopsies of the peroneal nerve showed thinly myelinated fibers, onion-bulb formation, segmental demyelination and short intercalated internodes. These findings suggested a glucocorticoid-related myopathy in hyperadrenocorticism that also may have a neurogenic component. PMID- 7361377 TI - Type I fiber atrophy in the vastus lateralis muscle in dogs with femoral fractures treated by hyperextension. AB - A syndrome characterized by limb hyperextension, generalized muscle atrophy, abducted gait, and a limited range of joint motion is reported in five dogs, four of which were immature. Distal femoral fractures, of traumatic origin, were found in all dogs; four dogs were subjected to limb immobilization in extension for three to seven weeks. Lesions in muscle biopsies included fiber size variability, increased prominence of subsarcolemmal nuclei, increased perimysial fibrosis and focal necrosis. Histochemical and morphometric studies demonstrated a significant (p less than 0.05), Type I fiber atrophy in the vastus lateralis muscles in the limbs with femoral fractures treated by hyperextension. The shortest time period between onset of fracture and the presence of type I fiber atrophy was seven weeks. PMID- 7361378 TI - Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in the dog: sequential light and electron microscopy. PMID- 7361379 TI - Experimental Trypanosoma brucei infection in deer mice: splenic changes. AB - Forty deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were infected with Trypanosoma brucei organisms and were killed 33 to 83 days after inoculation (average, 63). The outstanding lesion was infiltration of plasma cells in various tissues. These cells caused disruption of the periarteriolar lymphocytic sheaths and thickening of red pulp cords in the spleen. The lymph node was almost completely replaced by plasma cells. The spleen and lymph nodes also had marked hyperplasia of germinal centers and granulomatous-like proliferation of macrophages. The nervous system showed meningoencephalitis characterized by accumulations of plasma cells. PMID- 7361380 TI - Studies of autofluorescence in experimentally induced cerebral necrosis in pigs. AB - Lesions of cerebrocortical necrosis experimentally induced in pigs by transcalvarial freezing with liquid nitrogen were slightly fluorescent 48 hours after surgery. Fluorescence increased greatly thereafter and was most marked grossly under ultraviolet illumination with a wavelength of 366 nm at 7 days. Fluorescence of the necrotic focus persisted up to 35 days after surgery. Detection of cerebrocortical necrosis by ultraviolet illumination of fresh specimens during gross inspection is useful in determining the extent and distribution of lesions. This would aid more accurate selection of brain sections for histological examination in various encephalopathies. PMID- 7361381 TI - Bilateral renal cortical necrosis associated with esophagogastric ulcers in pigs. PMID- 7361382 TI - Adenoma of the epithelium lining the eustachian tube in a beagle dog. PMID- 7361383 TI - Ovarian stromal sarcoma in a guinea pig. PMID- 7361384 TI - Seminoma in an elk (Cervus canadensis). PMID- 7361385 TI - Gastric squamous cell carcinoma in a dog. PMID- 7361386 TI - An assessment of filamentous carbon fibre for the treatment of tendon injury in the horse. AB - The results of an assessment of carbon fibre for biological use are given, with particular reference to the clinical use of the material in the treatment of equine tendon injury. Biocompatability of the fibres is assessed using fibroblast cell cultures and replacement of normal tendon with carbon fibre prostheses in experimental animals. The rationale and technique for using this material in clinical cases of tendon injury in the racehorse are described. Results are given from 62 implant operations in a limited series of 40 horses. PMID- 7361388 TI - Removal of deer antlers. PMID- 7361387 TI - The significance of leptospiral antibodies in calving and aborting cattle in south west England. AB - A total of 2994 sera, from approximately equal numbers of aborting and normal calving cows, were examined for leptospiral antibodies using a complement fixation test. An analysis of the results indicated that approximately 10% of abortions were associated with leptospiral antibodies. PMID- 7361389 TI - Worms also kill. PMID- 7361390 TI - A survey of sheep losses and their causes on commercial farms in the north of Scotland. AB - A three year survey on sheep deaths and their causes was conducted on 10 commercial farms in the north of Scotland. Diseases and other trauma associated with the perinatal period accounted for 56.81% of all ewe deaths, while pneumonia, parasitic gastroenteritis, torsion of the bowel and haemorrhagic enteritis (redgut) accounted for a further 21.7%. No one disease condition predominated in the rams and hoggs. In lambs, most deaths occurred between birth and four days old (77.86%). Causes came in the form of starvation and exposure (34.2%), stillbirths (18.2%), lambing injuries (11.06%), infectious conditions (8.0%), dystocia (7.6%) and abortion (5.2%). The overall death rate among the lambs was 14.2%. PMID- 7361392 TI - Psittacosis risk continues. PMID- 7361391 TI - Comparison of selective culture and serologic agglutination of Treponema hyodysenteriae for diagnosis of swine dysentery. AB - Samples of faeces and serum were collected from pigs of various ages on 21 farms. Faecal samples were cultured on trypticase soy agar containing 5% citrated bovine blood and 400 microgram per ml spectinomycin, incubated at 42 degrees C in Gaspak jars under an atmosphere of 80% hydrogen: 20% carbon dioxide. Antibody titres to Treponema hyodysenteriae were determined by a microtitration agglutination method using merthiolate-inactivated whole cell antigen prepared from a beta- haemolytic isolate. Results indicated that mean titres in pigs from which beta- haemolytic T hyodysenteriae was isolated were significantly higher than in pigs which yielded isolates of weak beta- haemolytic T innocens or in culturally negative pigs (P less than 0.0225). Mean titres of herds where beta- haemolytic T hyodysenteriae was isolated were significantly higher (P less than 0.005) than the mean titres of either of the other two groups. However, mean titres of herds where no isolates were obtained were not significantly different from mean titres of herds where weak beta- haemolytic T innocens was isolated. PMID- 7361393 TI - Brucella canis infection. PMID- 7361394 TI - Glutathione peroxidase spot test. PMID- 7361395 TI - Changing an employee's conditions. PMID- 7361396 TI - Clinical bacteriological and epidemiological observations on infectious atrophic rhinitis of pigs in southern England. AB - Three distinct patterns of infection with Bordetella (Alcaligenes) bronchiseptica were found in groups of 12 to 24 pigs born in 1977-78 in 12 herds in southern England. In five of these, heavy bordetella infection of a substantial proportion of unweaned piglets persisted to a variable extent until slaughter. Clinical disease and severely atrophied turbinates were most marked in these groups. In three other herds the infection first appeared soon after weaning and occasionally persisted until slaughter. Clinical disease occurred in only one of these other groups and conchal atrophy at slaughter was moderate. In the groups of the four remaining herds there was no clinical disease and conchal atrophy at slaughter was slight, infection appearing only late in the weaning, or even the fattening, stages. These varying patterns suggest that immunological phenomena were involved in the infection in the least affected herds and that such responses might, if reproducible artificially, provide a better means of control of this disease in badly affected herds than the available forms of chemotherapy. PMID- 7361397 TI - Clinical application of milk progesterone in the diagnosis of subfertility in suckled cows. AB - The potential value of milk progesterone profiles in conjunction with rectal examination in the diagnosis of subfertility in beef suckler cows was investigated. Ten of 20 cows suckled their calves three times per day and the other 10 suckled their calves continuously. Milk samples were collected twice weekly during the 21 days prior to first service and up to day 50 post mating in cows confirmed pregnant. The uterine and ovarian states of the cows were examined per rectum weekly between calving and first service. Progesterone profiles of cows conceiving to first service showed a typical smooth curve, while those of cows failing to conceive were irregular and indicated disturbances in the normal functioning of the corpus luteum. PMID- 7361398 TI - Recovery of dead early fourth stage Ostertagia ostertagi following benzimidazole administration. PMID- 7361399 TI - Antibodies to Haemophilus equigenitalis in bovine sera. PMID- 7361400 TI - Effect of flour mite infestation (Acarus siro L) on nutritive value of pig diets. PMID- 7361401 TI - Myocarditis in puppies. PMID- 7361402 TI - Shot dog. PMID- 7361404 TI - Early pregnancy diagnosis in buffaloes from plasma progesterone concentration. AB - Blood samples were collected from 84 buffalo cows 21 days after fixed time artificial insemination following oestrus synchronisation and cloprostenol. Progesterone concentration in plasma was determined by radioimmunoassay. The animals were examined for pregnancy by rectal palpation 60 to 90 days after insemination. Forty-two animals were predicted pregnant on the basis of progesterone concentration (more than 1.0 ng per ml), and 28 (66.7 per cent) of them were subsequently confirmed pregnant by rectal palpation. Thirty-five animals were predicted non-pregnant (progesterone less than 0.7 ng per ml), in 34 (97.1 per cent) this proved to be so. Of the total number, seven (8.3 per cent) were classified as doubtful because their progesterone concentrations were within the range 0.7 to 1.0 ng per ml: two of them were confirmed pregnant and the other five non-pregnant. Out of 31 animals diagnosed pregnant by rectal palpation, 28 (90.3 per cent) had been correctly detected by assay at 21 days. Thirty-four (64.2 per cent) of the 53 animals found non-pregnant had been correctly detected by assay. It was concluded that the determination of plasma progesterone concentration 21 days after insemination was an accurate method of predicting non pregnancy in buffaloes. PMID- 7361403 TI - Skin fragility of calves. PMID- 7361405 TI - Treatment of ovine dermatophilosis with long-acting oxytetracycline. PMID- 7361406 TI - Gastric ulceration in pigs. PMID- 7361407 TI - African swine fever in Malta, 1978. AB - In March 1978 an outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) occurred in Malta. The disease spread rapidly and by April 13, ASF had been found on 304 premises involving 25,100 pigs. A census carried out on April 15/16 showed that there were at least 1440 premises containing 70,700 pigs on the island. A slaughter policy was implemented and depopulation of known infected premises started on April 15. Pigs which appeared normal on these premises were stored in freezers for subsequent processing for human consumption and by the end of June more than 4500 carcases were in cold store. The most consistent clinical signs were fever, anorexia and reluctance to move. Haemorrhagic lymph nodes and petechial haemorrhages in the kidneys were the predominant macroscopic lesions. A serum survey, using the immunoelectroosmophoresis technique, was carried out on 2409 sera from 200 farms collected at the Government abattoir during a four-week period. Of these sera, 308 (12.8 per cent) from 65 (32.5 per cent) of the farms contained antibodies to ASF virus. By August the original pig population had been reduced to one-third and a second census taken on August 15/16 showed that a total of 501 owners and 13,975 pigs remained. The decision was taken to slaughter all the remaining pigs and by the end of January 1979 there were no pigs in Malta. The outbreak cost an estimated 5 million pounds and provided the first occasion when any country had slaughtered all members of a species of domestic animal in order to eliminate a disease. PMID- 7361408 TI - Penicillin G procaine: a possible cause of embryonic death in swine. AB - A field case involving seven recently inseminated Yorkshire sows injected with penicillin is described. About four hours after injection, the pigs showed shivering, incoordination, vomiting, extreme lassitude, pyrexia (41 degrees C) and to;al inappetence. In each case, a thick, white mucous discharge appeared from the vulva one to three days after injection, with distinct embryos in some cases. Further experiments on pregnant and fattening pigs indicated that untoward reactions to penicillin could arise in swine--in particular, embryonic death. PMID- 7361409 TI - Exposure of cattle immunised against redwater to tick challenge in the field: challenge by a homologous strain of B divergens. AB - A field trial was conducted in Northern Ireland to determine whether calves could be protected against babesiosis by the prior inoculation of irradiated blood infected with Babesia divergens; The trial involved 30 yearling calves. Ten were inoculated with infected blood from a donor calf after the blood had been irradiated at 25 kilorads, and 10 with blood irradiated at 30 kilorads. Their reactions to the inoculation were observed daily for a month. They were then released, along with a control group of 10 susceptible calves, into an area heavily infested with B divergens-infected Ixodes ricinus ticks for two months. Between 24 and 41 days after exposure all the control animals contracted babesiosis and six of them reacted severely. None of the immunised animals suffered clinical babesiosis although 14 had detectable low-level infections. The relative severity of the reactions of the groups of calves was reflected in their haematology. PMID- 7361410 TI - The pig advisory visit in preventive medicine. AB - An approach to advisory work on intensive pig units is described. Detailed methods of carrying out an advisory visit include the clinical examination discussions and record evaluations, special topic presentations and the report. Check lists are presented for use in different parts of the production system and a suggested preventive medicine programme for a 250-sow herd is described. The economics of the service show a cost factor of only 0.17 per cent of gross turnover and guides to the veterinary time are given. PMID- 7361411 TI - The association of non-clotting of cow's milk with scour in the single suckled beef calf. AB - An apparent correlation between the clotting ability of cows milk and the prevalence of scour in suckling calves was investigated. Fifty-eight per cent of the milk samples of mothers of scouring single suckled calves showed impaired clotting ability. While the cause of this remains unknown there appears to be a link with diet. The poor clotting ability is probably a contributory factor in the aetiology of scour in the suckler calf, as the abnormality has only been seen in the milk from mothers of scouring calves. PMID- 7361412 TI - Some pathological conditions of the reproductive tract of the ewe. AB - The reproductive tracts of 276 ewes from six breeds or crosses were examined. The incidence of pathological conditions was 8.7 per cent. The largest group of abnormalities was extensive abdominal adhesions. The first case of ovarian cystadenoma in sheep is reported. PMID- 7361413 TI - Fungi isolated from the genital tract of infertile cows and buffaloes in India. PMID- 7361414 TI - Bovine teat skin summer sores. PMID- 7361415 TI - Leptospirosis apparently due to Leptospira bratislava in a dog. PMID- 7361416 TI - Parasitic bronchitis and ostertagiasis on aftermath grazing. PMID- 7361417 TI - Herd recording scheme. PMID- 7361418 TI - Non-surgical transfer of bovine eggs: investigation of some factors affecting embryo survival. AB - In an investigation on the effect of position of deposition of the egg within the uterus, surgical transfer of single eggs to the tip of the horn resulted in a significantly higher pregnancy rate than transfer to the base. To determine embryo survival at differing times after transfer single eggs were transferred non-surgically to the base of the uterine horn. The highest pregnancy rate occurred in a group of heifers slaughtered 16 to 17 days after oestrus followed by heifers slaughtered on days 24 to 26. The lowest pregnancy rate occurred in a group where pregnancy diagnosis was on day 42 by rectal palpation. The pregnancy rates of the highest and the lowest groups were significantly different. The pregnancy rate was increased in a group of heifers which were treated with human chorionic gonadotrophin from day 13 to 24 and palpated per rectum on day 42 to determine pregnancy. The presence or absence of penicillin and streptomycin in the medium and of passing differing volumes into the uterus after non-surgical transfer of single eggs using a glass pipette had no effect on pregnancy rate and there was no significant difference in pregnancy rate and there was no significant difference in pregnancy rate between the groups using different volumes of transfer media. The position of the egg within the uterine lumen after transfer contributes to the reduced pregnancy rate achieved after nonsurgical transfer when compared with the surgical method. The greatest proportion of embryonic death after non-surgical transfer occurs after day 17 and there is some evidence that human chorionic gonadotrophin treatment can improve embryo survival. The use of comparatively small volumes of medium to eject the egg into the uterus may be preferable to achieve maximum pregnancy rates. PMID- 7361419 TI - A review of some animal diseases encountered at meat inspections in England and Wales, 1969 to 1978. AB - Condemnation of meat and offal in 65 selected abattoirs in England and Wales is reviewed. Returns cover about 14 per cent of animals slaughtered for food. In the decade under review, a marked reduction in losses caused by fascioliasis was noted in cattle and sheep, while other parasitic conditions show no decrease. Abscesses continue to be substantial cause of loss in cattle and pigs. Condemnation on account of bruising has increased. PMID- 7361421 TI - Payment of wages. PMID- 7361422 TI - Gastric ulceration in the pig. PMID- 7361420 TI - Nitrite poisoning in pigs. PMID- 7361423 TI - Mitochondrial myopathy in the Sussex spaniel. PMID- 7361424 TI - Gorging in broiler breeders. PMID- 7361425 TI - Libidinous behaviour in a gelding. PMID- 7361426 TI - Penicillin: suspected adverse reaction. PMID- 7361427 TI - Investigation of factors affecting superovulation and non-surgical embryo recovery from lactating British Friesian cows. AB - Factors affecting the success of superovulation and embryo recovery were examined in two groups of 16 lactating Friesian cows which were superovulated twice at five to six week intervals in a 24 factorial experiment. There were no differences in ovarian response using pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin or human menopausal gonadotrophin. A total of 3000 iu human chorionic gonadotrophin given intravenously at the first insemination significantly (P less than 0.01) affected embryo recovery rate. A single intramuscular treatment with releasing hormone had no effect. A lower proportion of unfertilised eggs was recovered after insemination with semen from a bull of above average fertility than with semen from a bull of below average fertility (P less than 0.03). Insemination routines affected both the proportion of unfertilised eggs (P = 0.06) and embryo recovery rate (P less than 0.03). Antibacterial treatment given when insemination was carried out after the end of oestrus did not affect success. The three-way circulation system of embryo and fluid recovery was significantly (P less than 0.01) more efficient than the two-way to-and-fro system at day 7 after oestrus, but this appeared to alter at day 8 in favour of the two-way system. A more efficient fluid recovery was achieved with the three-way system (P less than 0.001). Catheter location, catheter size, interval from calving and condition of the donor did not affect success, but embryo recovery rate from younger cows (less than 4.5 years) was lower than from older animals (4.5 to 7 years) (P less than 0.05). PMID- 7361428 TI - Effects of gastric ulceration on growth rate of intensively reared pigs. AB - A total of 147 pigs were observed from weaning to marketing to see what effect ulceration of the stomach had on the growth rate. Nine pigs showed ill-thrift and had severe gastric ulcers. These animals ate slowly with frequent regurgitation and at post mortem examination showed constriction of the cardia, caused by cicatrisations of the pars oesophagea, with hypertrophy of the caudal part of the oesophagus. Growth rates of these animals were significantly lower than those of normal pigs. PMID- 7361429 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid enzyme estimation in the diagnosis of central nervous system damage in the dog. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid was obtained from dogs with and without neurological conditions. Enzyme levels were raised in six out of 14 affected dogs but there was a lack of specificity to a particular disease entity. PMID- 7361430 TI - Isolation of Pasteurella multocida from sporadic outbreaks of bovine pasteurellosis in Assam. PMID- 7361431 TI - The speed of action of anthelmintics. PMID- 7361432 TI - Insecticidal activity of the avermectins. PMID- 7361434 TI - Phenylbutazone toxicity in ponies. PMID- 7361435 TI - Illegibility of prescriptions: some worrisome implications. AB - Stimulated by frustration, we have begun an effort to quantify the impact of illegibility of prescriptions on both potential error rates and time consumed in filling prescriptions. In an experimental situation, despite more than 14 seconds being expended on each prescription, almost 30% of the interpretations were erroneous. The implications for patient care and for negligence allegations, plus for the costs of both, are obvious. PMID- 7361433 TI - Susceptibility of the Y58 rodent-adapted strain of Trypanosoma vivax to two trypanocides in sheep. PMID- 7361436 TI - Poison prevention for the visually impared. AB - Poison prevention for the visually impaired is an area that has been neglected far too long. One reason for this is possibly a lack of information on this segment of the population. The information gained through this study indicates that the same techniques used by those with normal sight can be used by the visually impaired. Poison prevention programs, utilizing films and other visual aids and handout materials require only minor adaptations to meet their special needs. With thoughtful planning, visually impaired adults and children can be included in preventing accidental poisonings. PMID- 7361437 TI - A report on innovative uses of volunteers to expand poison center services. PMID- 7361439 TI - Aflatoxicosis in swine: a review. AB - Chronic effects of aflatoxins may be reducing the efficiency of swine production unit by decreasing the immune response leading to increased susceptibility to disease and increased mortality, and decreasing resistance to stress. The individual pig's response to aflatoxin is affected by many factors, but age is especially important with the younger pig much more susceptible to damage than older pigs. The greatest problem with aflatoxins in the United States appears to be in the Southeast and is associated mostly with corn and cottonseed meal. Management factors are important in the prevention and reduction of aflatoxins in feed. A simple quantative test for aflatoxins has been developed for field surveys of suspected feed and a decontamination process has also been developed. PMID- 7361438 TI - Possible harmful effects from a capsaicin base aerosol dog repellent. PMID- 7361440 TI - The molecular pathology of chronic nitrate intoxication in domestic animals: a hypothesis. AB - The controversial situation of chronic low level nitrate intoxication may involve oxidation of important iron-containing enzymes, much like oxidation of hemoglobin (Fe++) iron to methomoglobin (Fe+++). This oxication causes enzyme inhibition and unlike hemoglobin, which has the methemoglobin reduction system, these enzymes remain in the oxidized state, resulting in the clinical signs and conditions described. This condition may be diagnosed more accurately by measuring erythrocyte catalase activity in addition to blood or dietary levels of nitrate. PMID- 7361441 TI - Sulfonamides: adverse reactions and toxicities. PMID- 7361443 TI - Adverse health effects of drinking water contaminants examined by ALS committee. PMID- 7361442 TI - Vinyl halides -- carcinogenicity. PMID- 7361445 TI - Government taking cooperative action to curb toxic pollutants. PMID- 7361444 TI - Carcinogenesis bioassay of 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC). PMID- 7361447 TI - Poisonous snakes ant their bites. PMID- 7361446 TI - Dispute resolution conference on 2,4,5-T. PMID- 7361448 TI - Tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 7361449 TI - Summary of EPA Office of Pesticies Programs/Office of Enforcement Policy statement. PMID- 7361450 TI - Relative efficacy and palatability of three activated charcoal mixtures. AB - The addition of bentonite with or without chocolate syrup improved the palatability of activated charcoal preparations. Furthermore, bentonite did not significantly reduce the efficacy of charcoal to absorb aspirin. Chocolate syrup reduced the adsorption effectiveness significantly. The mixtures have a reduced shelf-life when premixed with water. However, the dry ingredients can be pre weighed and sealed in a large jar. Water can be added just prior to administration. PMID- 7361451 TI - Aflatoxin and other mycotoxins: an agricultural perspective. PMID- 7361452 TI - In vitro formation of the concatemeric DNA of bacteriophage T3 and its biological activity in the in vitro packaging reaction. PMID- 7361453 TI - Neurovirulence of influenza virus in mice. I. Neurovirulence of recombinants between virulent and avirulent virus strains. PMID- 7361455 TI - Penetration and partial uncoating of bacteriophage phi 6 particle. PMID- 7361454 TI - Neurovirulence of influenza virus in mice. II. Mechanism of virulence as studied in a neuroblastoma cell line. PMID- 7361456 TI - Localization of the Ts defect in two Ts mutants of influenza A virus: evidence for the occurrence of intracistronic complementation between Ts mutants of influenza A virus coding for the neuraminidase and nucleoprotein polypeptides. PMID- 7361457 TI - The kinetics of adenovirus recombination in homotypic and heterotypic genetic crosses. PMID- 7361458 TI - Deoxythymidine kinase metabolism in equine herpesvirus type 3 infected horse embryo dermal fibroblasts. PMID- 7361460 TI - Selection and analysis of viral RNA from rat embryo cells transformed by adenovirus 2 (cell line 8617): an investigation on cotranscription of viral and cellular DNA. PMID- 7361459 TI - Replication of spleen focus-forming Friend virus in fibroblasts from C57BL mice that are genetically resistant to spleen focus formation. PMID- 7361461 TI - Basic data on hearing levels of adults 25-74 years. United States, 1971-75. PMID- 7361462 TI - Inpatient health facilities as reported from the 1976 MFI survey. PMID- 7361463 TI - [Immunologic aspects of hematologic diseases]. PMID- 7361464 TI - [Hemostasis and hemocoagulation]. PMID- 7361465 TI - [Blood group H]. PMID- 7361466 TI - [Ensuring the safety of hemotherapy]. PMID- 7361467 TI - [E rosette formation, reaction of lymphocytic nucleoli, and the hemolytic activity of serum on rat erythrocytes in urinary bladder tumors]. PMID- 7361468 TI - [Long-term prognosis of acute pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 7361469 TI - [Long-term prognosis of subacute pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 7361470 TI - [Practical use of right-sided heart catheterization using the Swan-Ganz catheter in an intensive care unit]. PMID- 7361471 TI - [Cardiomyopathy in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 7361473 TI - [Heparinization in hemodialysis]. PMID- 7361472 TI - [Therapeutic significance of proteinuria selectivity]. PMID- 7361474 TI - [Effect of thermal injury on general reactivity and mortality in previously irradiated animals]. PMID- 7361476 TI - [Extra-focal nailing]. PMID- 7361475 TI - [Bone infections following osteosynthesis]. PMID- 7361477 TI - [The effect of weapons on number and structure of casualties in the last wars]. PMID- 7361478 TI - [Psychologic manifestations of the people on the Montenegro coast after the earthquake]. PMID- 7361483 TI - [Treatment of stuttering in soldiers]. PMID- 7361480 TI - [Evolution of "borderline diabetes"]. PMID- 7361481 TI - [Percutaneous pleural biopsy]. PMID- 7361479 TI - [Intrahospital hepatitis B infections]. PMID- 7361482 TI - [Suicide by hanging and suspected murder]. PMID- 7361485 TI - [News about drugs]. PMID- 7361484 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of viral meningitis-meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 7361486 TI - [Postintubation granuloma of the larynx]. PMID- 7361487 TI - [Angiographic diagnosis of collateral coronary blood flow in occlusive disease of the coronary arteries]. PMID- 7361488 TI - [Lung cancer metastasis via the intrapulmonary lymphatic collectors]. AB - In 75 patients operated upon for lung cancer a careful histological assay of the removed regional lymph nodes of intrapulmonary, hilar and mediastinal groups was made. It was found that by the moment of surgery 61 patients had lymphogenic metastases. The direction of metastatic spread mainly corresponds to regional lymph outflow from pulmonary lobes. Therefore there is a reasonable involvement of interlobar lymph nodes. The study enabled the determination of boundaries of rational, oncologically substantiated lobar resections of the lung for cancer and the possible extent of surgical intervention on regional lymphatic collectors. PMID- 7361489 TI - [Microcirculation in cancer of the esophagus and cardial portion of the stomach under combined therapy]. AB - Under study was the status of microcirculation in surgical and combination treatment (with radiotherapy) in patients with cancer of the esophagus and gastric cardia. The method of isotope semiresorption from the muscle depot (64) of patients and the arterio-venous difference for water after the technic of V. P, Kaznacheev and A. A. Dzizinski (26 patients) were employed. The state of microcirculation was found to be dependent on the degree of emaciation, preoperative telegamma therapy and the postoperative complications. The mostly impaired microcirculation was noted in emaciated patients with developing complication who were subjected to radiotherapy. PMID- 7361491 TI - [Prevention of lymphogenic metastasis in the surgical treatment of rectal cancer]. AB - It was shown that during radical operations, performed for local spread of rectal cancer (T3--T4, P3--P4), in most patients tumor cells identical to the primary tumor are found in the thoracic duct lymph. To the end of prophylaxis of intraoperative lymphogenic dissemination of tumor cells 71 patients with rectal cancer, spread locally, were subjected preoperatively to endolymphatic infusion of 10% dibunol solution in iodolipol or chromolymphotrast. The preparation was found to be completely deposited in the lymphatic system and to block the routes of lymphogenic dissemination of tumor cells. A considerably reduced number of the postoperative metastases and recurrence of rectal cancer was noted in patients, subjected to radical operations following endolymphatic infusion of oil dibunol solution. PMID- 7361492 TI - [Ovarian cancer metastasis to the greater omentum]. AB - The peculiar features of ovarian cancer metastasization in the greater omentum have been studied. A retrospective analysis of the data on 268 operated patients with serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary and a perspective study pertaining to 99 patients with ovarian malignant tumors of different histotypes enabled detecting metastases in the greater omentum in 73.9% and 63.6% of cases accordingly. An intensity of metastatic dissemination was dependent on stage, the presence of exudates in the abdominal and pleural cavities but was independent on patients' age. High incidence of metastatic involvement of the omentum, the recognition of micrometastases, detected only histologically in 15.9% of patients, allowed a recommendation to be substantiated for the mandatory removal of the greater omentum at all clinical stages of ovarian cancer. PMID- 7361490 TI - [Patient survival rate in inoperable stomach cancer]. AB - An analysis of the survival in 361 patients is reported. The kinetics of the survival in these cases is described by an equation of log-normal distribution and quantified by the time of 50% survival. For patients subjected to tentative laparotomy (TL) this time is 4.5 months, for those subjected to gastroenterostomy (GES) -- 6.5 months (the differences being reliable). Patients subjected to TL showed a reliably more frequent combination of such unfavourable prognostic factors as endophytic growth and a large size tumor, proliferation and metastases in the liver and pancreas. Among the patients who were not operated upon, the most low survival rate was noted in cases when surgery was rejected due to evident inoperability. The survival among the subjects inoperated because of general contraindications or patients' refusal is found to be reliably better than in those subjected to TL. It is suggested to ascertain the effect of chemotherapy in inoperable gastric cancer separately in patients subjected to TK, gastroenterostomy and in those without the operation. PMID- 7361493 TI - [Antitumor activity of the serum and lymphocytes of C57BL mice in chemical carcinogenesis]. AB - In chemical carcinogenesis induced by methylcholanthrene in mice C57BL the antitumor activity of sera ind lymphocytes are studied, which was assessed by their capacity to inhibit-stimulate spheroid formation by autologous tumor cells. The serum of animals being at the initial stage of the blastomatous process is found to inhibit the formation of spheroids but to reduce the functional activity of lymphocytes, while in the terminal stage of blastoma growth it contributes to the enhancement of tumor growth under direct interaction with cell-targets or indirectly through lymphocytes. PMID- 7361494 TI - [Low-molecular RNA in different rat liver and liver tumor cell fractions]. AB - Low molecular weight nuclear RNAs (LMWN RNAs) from rat liver, Zajdela hepatoma and rat hepatoma induced by DENA have been studied. The changes in the relative content of nucleoplasmic U1 and U2 RNAs, nucleolus U3 RNA and chromatine 5S RNA have been discovered in both hepatomas. Whereas 8S1 and U3 RNA were found in polysomes from rat liver but not in those from Zajdela hepatoma. PMID- 7361495 TI - [Effect of hydrazine sulfate on nucleic acid metabolism in rat liver tissue during the process of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis]. AB - The development of hepatocellular tumors in rats would show the same character and was observed in the same period (6 months) after either simultaneous administration of a hepatocarcinogen--diethylnitrosoamine (0.02%) and a possible antitumor agent, namely hydrazine sulfate (0.012%) with drinking water, or after the administration of the hepatocarcinogen concerned alone. Hydrazine sulfate failed to reveal any anti-carcinogenic properties, but it would normalize the turnover rate of total RNA and its nuclear components in the rat liver tissue. PMID- 7361496 TI - [Mammary gland tumor induction in rats by N-nitroso-N-methylurea and N-methyl-N1 nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine]. AB - Cancer of the mammary gland was induced in female non-inbred rats under the local effect of N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) and N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). During 10 weeks 2.5 mg of the substance in 0.2 ml of saline was injected in the region of the third mammary gland once a week. Under NMU exposure a primary tumor arose 3 months following the initiation of the experiment, the average latent period being 5.8 months, the incidence rate--76.7%. All tumors of this series were adenocarcinomas, in 5 cases there were noted sites of fibroadenomatosis with malignification along the tumor node margins. MNNG produced a primary tumor at the 7th month of the experiment, an average latent period--8.3 months, the incidence rate--56.7%. Tumors were mostly adenocarcinomas. PMID- 7361497 TI - [Evaluation of the reliability of statistical indices. The coefficient of relative risk]. PMID- 7361500 TI - [Potentials of pneumomediastinography in precisely determining the degree of esophageal cancer spread]. AB - The data presented evidence that parietography is a valuable adjunct to routine roentgenological examination. One of the most complicated problems to be solved by this technic is whether the tumor invaded the adjacent structures, and also its relation to the surrounding tissues and mediastinal organs. PMID- 7361499 TI - [Method of extensive mediastinoscopy in lung cancer]. AB - The technic of extensive mediastinoscopy is described, which enables visualization of anatomical structures of the mediastinum and lung hilus inaccessible for an examination while using mediastinoscopy after the Carlens technic. An experience with the extensive mediastinoscopy performed in 116 lung cancer patients is reported. This kind of investigation does not increase the incidence of complications as compared with the Carlens mediastinoscopy. The mediastinoscopy was performed immediately before thoracotomy. PMID- 7361498 TI - [Leukocyte sensitization to tumor and embryonic antigens in gastric cancer and peptic ulcer]. AB - The antigens (AG) of gastric cancer extracts would inhibit the migration of leucocytes in the culture with control serum in 6 among 7 (85%) patients with gastric cancer (GC) of stage I, in 8 of 10 (80%) patients -- stage II, in 24 of 43 (56%) patients-stage III, in 10 of 35 (28.5%) patients -- stage IV. The effect of autoplasma on the inhibition of leucocytes migration (ILM) of GC AG was varied. The mixture of extracts from several tumors suppressed more frequently the migration of leucocytes. The liver extracts antigens of a 10-week human embryo induced ILM in 29 of 49 (59%) patients with GC I--IV. The gastric mucosa antigens induced ILM in 21 of 95 (22%) patients GC I--IV. The migration of leucocytes in 13 of 110 (12%) control patients was suppressed by AG GC in the culture containing control serum. AG of human embryo liver induced ILM in 7 of 55 (13%) examined control patients, 5 of them having ulcerous disease. It is supposed that sensitization to embryonal antigens may procede malignant transformation of gastric ulcers. PMID- 7361501 TI - [Correlation of the risk factors and stomach cancer morbidity in men and women]. AB - A comparative analysis is given of the gastric cancer incidence in the Tjumen Province for a period of 1959--1973. There was noted a direct dependence between the rate and number of risk factors (the complexes of unfavourable factors) in males and females. A conclusion is made that a higher incidence rate (1.7 times more) of gastric cancer among males may be attributed to the complexes of infavourable factors to which they are subject to a greater extent, 1.7 times as often as females, (mainly to bad habits) but not to biological features of the organism. Elimination of these harmful effects on the body would lessen the risk of this affection. PMID- 7361503 TI - [Work rehabilitation of malignant tumor patients (II)]. PMID- 7361504 TI - Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 7361502 TI - [Action of hydrazine sulfate on energy metabolism and glycogen synthesis in animal liver and tumor cells]. PMID- 7361505 TI - The unimpaired physician. PMID- 7361506 TI - Diagnosis of an orbital abscess with ultrasonography. PMID- 7361507 TI - Perspectives on adolescent pregnancy. PMID- 7361508 TI - Pregnancy out of wedlock--a growing problem. PMID- 7361509 TI - Want a cushy honorific? This isn't it. PMID- 7361510 TI - Clinicopathologic converence: pulmonary hypertension with hepatic disease. PMID- 7361511 TI - Contrast venography: a "golden oldie". PMID- 7361512 TI - Multiple congenital malformations. PMID- 7361513 TI - Serum total acid phosphatase: an aid in diagnosing jaundice. PMID- 7361514 TI - The diagnosis and treatment of "groupthink". PMID- 7361515 TI - [Effect of surgical trauma on lipid metabolic indices in stomach and small intestine cancer patients]. PMID- 7361516 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course of a residual laryngeal tumor after a complete course of radiation therapy]. PMID- 7361517 TI - [Restoration of the alimentary tract in defects of the pharynx and upper portion of the esophagus]. PMID- 7361518 TI - [Lymphoepithelioma of the pharyngeal ring]. PMID- 7361523 TI - [Use of tracheobronchoscopy under anesthesia in the overall treatment of scleroma]. PMID- 7361519 TI - [Role of fungal infection in diseases of the upper respiratory tracts]. PMID- 7361521 TI - [Characteristics of the rheoencephalogram indices of persons with normal hearing]. PMID- 7361522 TI - [Characteristics of the course of acute angina in miners]. PMID- 7361520 TI - [State of the upper respiratory tracts and the dispensary care of pharmaceutical chemical industry workers]. PMID- 7361524 TI - [Use of prodigiozan and lysozyme in ENT organ diseases]. PMID- 7361525 TI - [Scientific activities of the provincial societies of otolaryngolosts of the Ukrainian SSR (based on the minutes and annual reports of the societies published in the Zhurnal ushnykh, nosovykh i gorlovykh boleznei from 1959 to 1978)]. PMID- 7361526 TI - [Treatment of the regional metastases of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 7361527 TI - [Use of otic suppositories containing ampicillin sodium in treating chronic suppurative mesotympanitis]. PMID- 7361528 TI - [Local use of oxycyclosol after tonsillectomy]. PMID- 7361529 TI - [Malignant schwannoma of the trachea]. PMID- 7361531 TI - [Fibroma of the ethmoid labyrinth in a 7-year-old child]. PMID- 7361530 TI - [2 cases of adenoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses]. PMID- 7361532 TI - [Parapharyngeal tumor in a child]. PMID- 7361533 TI - [Lymphangioma of the neck complicated by an internal jugular vein aneurysm]. PMID- 7361534 TI - [Osteoma of the external auditory canal in a 7-year-old child]. PMID- 7361535 TI - [Optical attachments for operating microscopes]. PMID- 7361537 TI - [Device for optokinetic stimulation]. PMID- 7361536 TI - [Method of transpharyngeal bone marrow puncture]. PMID- 7361538 TI - [Nasal dilator for thermal protection of the tissues during cryosurgery of the nasal cavity]. PMID- 7361539 TI - [Modification of posterior tamponade in nasal hemorrhages]. PMID- 7361540 TI - Disappearing obstructions in extracranial cerebral arteries. AB - Between 1973 and 1978 spontaneous lysis of obstructions in an external cerebral artery was detected in seven out of 3500 patients who suffered from symptoms of cerebrovascular failure in the territory of the internal carotid or vertebral artery. All patients underwent our routine cerebrovascular Doppler ultrasound examination. In the seven patients a high grade obstruction in the internal carotid artery (six cases) or in the brachiocephalic trunk (one case) was found by Doppler and/or angiography 1-3 days after the onset of the symptoms. On a second examination 4-30 days later these obstructions were no longer present either in the Doppler examination and on the angiograms, or in the surgically exposed vessel. These findings suggest that spontaneous lysis of the obstructions must have occurred. Furthermore vascular surgery should not be delayed more than 3-7 days without another reliable vascular examination. PMID- 7361541 TI - [A new observation of cherry-red spot myoclonus syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - A 24 year-old white male patient presents since 8 years progressive gait disturbances, myoclonic jerks and a decrease of eyesight. Clinical examination reveals features reminding of Ramsay Hunt dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica associated with cherry-red spots in the eyegrounds. The diagnosis of sialidosis is supported by the ultrastructural examination of skin-conjunctival biopsies and by the abnormal urinary excretion of sialyloligosaccharides. It is established by the demonstration of a deficiency of acid neuraminidase in leukocytes and cultured fibroblasts. The phenotypic spectrum of sialidosis is extremely wide; this case belongs to the cherry-red spot myoclonus syndrome (Rapin et al., 1978), also called sialidosis type 1 - normosomatic group (Lowden and O'Brien 1979). PMID- 7361542 TI - Improvement of L-dopa induced dyskinesia and of on-off phenomenon by bromocriptine. PMID- 7361543 TI - Proliferation of cultured rabbit renal glomerular cells stimulated by platelet factor. AB - Platelet contents stimulated the proliferation of cultured rabbit renal glomerular (probably mesangial) cells. Growth stimulatory effect of platelet factor was heat-stable at 56 degrees C for 30 min. These results suggest that platelets play an important role in glomerular lesions in glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7361544 TI - Composite ganglioneuroblastoma--a case report and short term culture of tumor cells. AB - A 1-year-old male infant showed cerebellar signs and symptoms, and excess urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA). Each of them disappeared spontaneously but a large abdominal tumor occurred at 3 years of age. Surgical specimen of the tumor was diagnosed as neuroblastoma and the patient died at 4 years of age. Autopsy revealed the huge tumor originated from the right adrenal, and occupying the retroperitoneum, pelvic cavity and posterior mediastinum. Histology of the primary lesion was chiefly that of ganglioneuroma, while all of the metastatic ones neuroblastoma. Transitional histology from neuroblastoma to ganglioneuroma was also observed in the primary lesion. The diagnosis was designated as composite ganglioneuroblastoma. The surgical material of the metastatic neuroblastoma was cultured for 2 months in vitro and the tumor cell clumps extended spontaneously abundant long neurites. This phenomenon suggests the high maturation ability of the neuroblastoma cells. PMID- 7361545 TI - Peliosis hepatis. An unusual case involving multiple organs. AB - The case is that of a 70-year-old Japanese male who had peliosis hepatis with disseminated peliotic lesions in various organs. The initial sign was spontaneous pneumothorax followed by pulmonary hemorrhage. There was no history of anabolic steroid ingestion and his history of pulmonary tuberculosis revealed no pathological changes. Autopsy findings suggested that dilatation of sinusoids with slow progressive injury of sinusoidal endothelium and hepatocytes due to unknown local and general etiologic factors may be an initial mechanism in the development of peliosis hepatis. PMID- 7361546 TI - Small multiple carcinoid tumors occurring in the ileum with a pseuodcystic liver metastasis. AB - A 49-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a palpable mass in the right hypochondrium. A laparotomy was performed under the clinical diagnosis of a solitary cyst of the liver. The cystic lesion of the liver was removed. Although the histological finding of the cyst wall showed a similarity to hepatocellular carcinoma of trabecular pattern, the tumor cells with uniform nuclei and little mitotic figure were positive for both argyrophil and argentaffin reaction. The pathological diagnosis was metastatic carcinoid tumor of the liver. There was no carcinoid syndrome nor the other clinical symptoms after the operation and various postoperative examination could not reveal a primary site of the carcinoid tumor. The cystic lesion of the liver recurred ten months after the first operation and a second laparotomy was performed to reveal the primary site in the ileum: three submucosal tumors, 0.8, 0.7, and 0.3 cm. in diameter, two of them, however, extended into the muscle wall or subserosa and conclusively, the small lesion of the ileum metastasized into the liver as a large pseudocystic lesion. PMID- 7361547 TI - Ultrastructural study of granular cell ameloblastoma. AB - A granular cell ameloblastoma occurring in the anterior mandible of a 49-year-old woman has been studied both histologically and ultrastructurally. Histologically the tumor in this case showed a mixed type of follicular, granulal cell, and acanthomatous type of ameloblastoma. Many granular cells seemed to gather around the periphery of each tumor island. Electron-microscopically the cytoplasmic granules were measured as approximately 0.6 mu in diameter, and were surrounded by limiting membrane. Most of these granules revealed high electron density and their contents showed various patterns--osmiophilic homogeneous, fingerprint, and small particles--and were identified as lysosomes. However, no enamel matrix precursor was identified in either lysosome or cytoplasm. All the granular cells showed regular nuclei and no degeneration. Though lysosomes might play a role of autophagy and of remodeling the cytoplasm, its presence seems to have an active function in tumor cells, as opposed to the aging or degenerating function. PMID- 7361548 TI - Carcinoma of the breast in a 5 years old girl. AB - A case of juvenile carcinoma of mammary gland in a 5 years old girl was reported. Only 32 cases of breast cancer in those under 19 years of age have been reported in Japan. The number of the cases in children under 10 years of age is extremely few totalling only 2 cases, including our case. The prognosis was different between the cases in Japan and those in foreign countries. This may be due to the difference in histology. PMID- 7361549 TI - Acute methyl mercury intoxication in mice--effect on the immune system. AB - Effect of organic mercury on the immune system was studied in experimental acute methyl mercury intoxication in mice. After 7 daily injections of methyl mercury hydroxide, marked atrophy of the thymic cortex and splenic lymphoid follicles were observed, associated with decrease of PHA- and LPS-responsiveness of splenic lymphocytes as well as conversely increased both PHA- and LPS-responsiveness of thymocytes. In addition, apparent decrease of antibody formation against sheep red blood cells was observed at 7 day after the last injection. However, all these changes restored to normal level within 4 weeks after the last injection. Histochemically, mercury deposits were massively found in the renal tubules and slightly in macrophages throughout the body at 7 day after the last injection. The mercury deposits in macrophages of the thymus, lymph nodes and liver increased in concentration thereafter, with concomitant decrease of those in renal tubules. Presence of mercury element in these deposits was confirmed by electron probe analysis. It was suggested that the organic mercury gave direct cytotoxic effect on lymphocytes, but the effect appeared to be soon detoxicated by macrophages. PMID- 7361550 TI - Pathology of experimental radiation pancarditis. I. Observation on radiation induced heart injuries following a single dose of x-ray irradiation to rabbit heart with special reference to its pathogenesis. AB - Radiation-induced heart injuries were morphologically studied by using the rabbits irradiated with a single dose of 3,000R (group I) or 300R of X-ray group II) from 1 hour until 6 months. There was no essential difference in the lesions of the hearts from group I and that of group II. Acute epicarditis was found as early as 1 hour after irradiation and it became maximum in severity at 1-2 days. In the myocardium, there were degeneration and resolution of the myocardial cell, various architectural changes of mitochondria, and disorganization of the intercalated disc. Polymorphonuclear cell infiltration and endothelial injuries of the capillaries occurred in the interstitial tissue. In addition, endocarditis with or without thrombus formation was often found. Acute inflammation was seen in the myocardium of group II rather later than that of group I, but it disappeared earlier. In the later stage, fibrosis finally occurred in the epicardium and endocardium. Glycoprotein degeneration of the muscle cells and fibrosis appeared in the myocardium. The pathogenesis of radiation pancarditis is thought to be dependent not only on the disturbance of microcirculation caused by endothelial cell damage of the capillaries, but also on alterations of the myocardial mitochondria as a result of direct injury. PMID- 7361551 TI - Nickel sulphide-induced rhabdomyosarcomata in rats. AB - Fifty-nine Fischer rat tumors and eleven Hooded rat tumors induced by intramuscular injection of Ni3S2 were examined and their histopathologic and cytologic characteristics studied. Nine out of eleven Hooded rat tumors metastasized whereas 15 out of 59 Fischer rat tumors metastasized within 30 days. Histopathological characterization of the Ni3S2-induced tumors was made according to their preponderant cellular constitution. They were grouped into six types: well-differentiated rhabdomyosarcomas, poorly-differentiated rhabdomyosarcomas, embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, mesenchymal tumors, leiomyosarcoma-like tumors and fibrosarcoma-like tumors. Forty-seven of total of 70 were rhabdomyosarcomas. Tumors with shorter latent periods in Fischer rats and tumors with fleshy and soft texture demonstrated a higher incidence of metastases. PMID- 7361553 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of acetic, propionic, butyric and valeric acids without the formation of derivatives]. PMID- 7361556 TI - [Rapid gas chromatographic determination of the ethanol content of official tinctures from the Pharmacopoeia Hungarica VI]. PMID- 7361555 TI - [Effect of adenosine on the electrical activity of the heart in experimental animals]. PMID- 7361554 TI - [Industrial-scale experiments on powder mixing]. PMID- 7361557 TI - Effect of secondary substances isolated from the Ruta graveolens L. on the coronary smooth muscle. PMID- 7361552 TI - [Colorimetric determination of fosfomycin in biological fluids]. PMID- 7361559 TI - Small animal inhalation chambers and the significance of dust ingestion from the contaminated coat when exposing rats to zinc chromate. AB - The relative significance of dust ingestion during and after short-term inhalation exposure to a zinc chromate aerosol has been studied. Two groups of rats were exposed in the same dust cloud, one in open wire cages and the other in fiber glass tubes. The chromium excretion during the following 2 1/2 days was 8.4 times higher in faeces and 5.5 times higher in urine in the animals exposed in cages, compared with those exposed in tubes. PMID- 7361558 TI - Toxicity of soman after repetitive injection of sublethal doses in rat. AB - Injection of sublethal doses of soman in rat intraperitoneally or subcutaneously every 4, 8, 12 or 24 hours led to chronic LD50 doses which were markedly higher than the acute one. When rats were exposed every 24 hrs to half LD50 doses of soman, several of the animals did not show symptoms of soman poisoning and survived a total exposure of 4-7 times the acute LD50 dose. Brain and diaphragm acetylcholinesterase activities declined steadily during the chronic soman exposure. The so-called external acetylcholinesterase activity of the diaphragm was inhibited to a slightly less degree than the total acetylcholinesterase of the same tissue. The ability of the liver to hydrolyze soman was similar in rats which survived several 24 hr doses and untreated rats. PMID- 7361560 TI - Tissue distribution of 14C-lynestrenol in pregnant rats. AB - The tissue distribution of 4-14C-lynestrenol (17 alpha-ethynyl-oestr-4-en-17 beta ol) following oral administration to pregnant rats was studied by whole body autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting. Pregnant females were sacrificed on days 10, 12, 14 and 19 of gestation, in each case 5 hours after oral administration of 43 microCi 4-14C-lynestrenol per animal. The isotopelabelled compound was distributed throughout most tissues, including the fetuses. The highest concentrations were found in the liver, while there was lower activity in the fatty tissues and the activity in the fetuses was comparable with that in the brain. The placental transfer was verified by the results of liquid scintillation counting. The concentration of labelled substance in the fetuses increased with the duration of pregnancy. PMID- 7361561 TI - Renal prostaglandins and sodium balance in the rabbit: lack of effect of aspirin like drugs. AB - Urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGF2 excretion was previously found to be inversely related to sodium intake in the rabbit. Renal prostaglandin (PG) synthesis might therefore be involved in the renal handling of sodium. This possibility was tested by studying sodium excretion during inhibition of renal PG synthesis with four different nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in unanaesthetized, female rabbits. The rabbits n = 5-6) were kept in metabolic cages and chronically maintained on different sodium containing diets. On a medium salt diet (0.4% NaCl), neither treatment with indomethacin (1.5 mg/kg x 2 or 3 mg/kg x 2) nor diclofenac (1.5 mg/kg x 2) for three days changed the urinary excretion of sodium and water although the mean excretion of immunoreactive PGE2 (iPGE2) and iPGF2 were reduced by between 43-78%. On a very low salt diet (0.05% NaCl), two days treatment with aspirin (30 mg/kg x 2), diclofenac (3 mg/kg x 2), indomethacin (3.5 mg/kg x 2) or naproxen (10 mg/kg x 2) did not alter sodium excretion in any significant direction. The mean urinary PGE2 and PGF2 excretion was reduced by 35-63% and 63-85%, respectively. These results do not support a major role of PGs in the chronic regulation of sodium balance in the rabbit. The possible influence of mineralocorticoids on renal PG synthesis was studied by administration of aldosterone (100 microgram/kg x 2) for two days to rabbits on a high salt diet (2% NaCl) and cancrenoate (10 mg/kg x 2), an aldosterone antagonist, to rabbits on the very low salt diet. However, neither drug significantly changed the urinary excretion of PGF2 alpha, indicating that renal PG synthesis is not influenced by mineralocorticoids in the rabbit. PMID- 7361562 TI - Fluoride sensitivity of cells from different organs. AB - The fluoride sensitivity of cells released from rat livers and kidneys by collagenase perfusion was investigated by measuring effect on protein synthesis rate in vitro. Both cell types were sensitive to fluoride with clear concentration/effect relationships. Significant difference in sensitivity for fluoride between the cell types was found, with the kidney cells being the most sensitive type. PMID- 7361563 TI - Observations on the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) excretion in the goat. AB - The protein binding of 2,4-D in goat plasma was studied by means of equilibrium dialysis and the renal excretion of 2,4-D in three female goats by means of clearance methods. At low plasma levels of 2,4-D (less than 20 microgram/ml) about 97% of 2,4-D is bound to plasma proteins. The fraction of 2,4-D bound to plasma proteins decreases with rising plasma 2,4-D concentrations. A tubular secretion mechanism for 2,4-D, with a Tm value of about 9 mg (40 mumol)/min., is demonstrated. The contribution from the tubules to the 2,4-D excreted per minute is greater than 97% at a plasma 2,4-D level of 10 microgram/ml. At moderate and high plasma 2,4-D concentrations (greater than 40 microgram/ml) the inulin clearance decreases with rising plasma 2,4-D concentrations. PMID- 7361564 TI - The binding of aprindine to serum proteins with statistical considerations concerning the analysis of binding data. AB - The binding of the potent, basic antiarrhythmic agent aprindine to serum proteins was studied in solutions of human serum albumin (HSA, lyophilized, 98% pure, KABI) and in human sera. The percentual binding in serum (90.9-96.7%) was considerably higher than in HSA solutions. The binding in serum decreased from 95 97% to 91-93% as the aprindine concentration was raised from 4 to 15 micrograms/ml. The serum binding differed significantly in sera from three normal individuals. By plotting (Formula: see text), as a function of bound drug and performing statistical analysis of the curves a striking difference between the number of primary binding sites in serum and in HSA solution was found (N1 for the HSA solution was 0.0016 and for one serum it was 0.020 "per albumin molecule".) The association constants for the primary binding sites (K1) were 4.3 X 10(6)M-1 for serum and 2.1 X 10(6)M-1 for the HSA solution. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that considerably less than one secondary binding site was present for each albumin molecule in the HSA solution. Therefore, no binding of aprindine to albumin molecules has been demonstrated and it is concluded that the entire binding of aprindine in serum as well as in 98% HSA solutions may be due to the presence of acid protein molecules. In particular, low percentual binding in HSA solutions in spite of the high association constant can be explained by a very low concentration of the binding proteins. The addition of propranolol or phenprocoumon did not cause any displacement of aprindine. In the appendix statistical problems in the analysis of the binding curves are elucidated. The experimental variance and the statistical acceptability of the binding model are discussed. PMID- 7361567 TI - The effect of lithium on the incorporation of 32P-orthophosphate into synaptosomal phospholipids from rat brain. AB - Rats were treated with lithium added to the diet for five weeks (40 mmol LiCl/kg diet). The mean plasma lithium concentration was 0.48 mmol/l plasma, and the blood was drawn at 8 a.m. The brains were removed and synaptosomes were prepared according to the method of Gray & Whittaker (1962) and Bradford (1972). The synaptosomes were incubated for 120 min. with 32P-orthophosphate, either in a lithium-containing medium or in a lithium-free medium. The 32P-incorporation was lower in the synaptosomes from lithium-treated rats than the 32P-incorporation in synaptosomes from control rats regardless of the medium chosen. The results indicate that lithium treatment in vivo decreases the 32P-incorporation into synaptosomal phospholipids and that the effect remains after the removal of the lithium ion. PMID- 7361566 TI - Urinary and biliary metabolites of phenanthrene in the coalfish (Pollachius virens). AB - Metabolites present in the urine and bile of coalfish (Pollachius virens) 48 hrs after the intragastric administration of phenanthrene (75 mg/kg) were studied. Using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric methods small amounts of unchanged compound, all five of the possible monohydroxy derivatives and the 1,2- and 9,10 dihydrodiols of phenanthrene were identified inthese samples. The major metabolite detected was phenanthrene-1,2-dihydrodiol which was excreted mainly as glucuronide and/or sulfate conjugates. PMID- 7361568 TI - Effects of low protein consumption on the renal clearance of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in goats. AB - Effects of low protein consumption on the renal excretion of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in four female goats were studied by means of clearance methods. During periods of low protein consumption the 2,4-D clearance values are lower than during periods of normal protein consumption. The average reduction of 2,4-D clearance varies between 20 and 50 per cent. PMID- 7361565 TI - Copper-induced GSH depletion and methaemoglobin formation in vitro in erythrocytes of some domestic animals and man. A comparative study. AB - Reduced glutathione (GSH), per cent methaemoglobin and haemolysis were measured in physiologic saline suspensions of erythrocytes from sheep, goat, cattle, horse, swine and man; incubated for 24 hours at 37 degrees with and without copper sulphate (0,5 and 10 micrograms Cu/ml suspension). Formation of Heinz bodies was studied in similar experiments with sheep and swine cells only. Generally, GSH depletion developed first, followed by methaemoglobinemia and Heinz bodies, while haemolysis was limited. Both spontaneous and copper-induced GSH depletion was slow in swine erythrocytes compared to other species. Copper induced methaemoglobin formation was less in cells from man and swine than from ruminants and horse. Furnishing the suspensions with 3 mg glucose/ml counteracted GSH and haemoglobin oxidation substantially in cells from all species except swine. PMID- 7361569 TI - On the possible role of potassium ions in the action of terbutaline on skeletal muscle contractions. AB - The soleus, a slow-contracting, and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), a fast contracting muscle from guinea-pig were prepared for isometric recording in vitro, and the effect of terbutaline, a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, was studied during various experimental conditions. In the soleus terbutaline caused an initial depression of the force of contraction followed by an increase. The degree of fusion of subtetanic contractions was reduced throughout the experiment. The EDL responded with an increased force only. The force of contraction of the two muscles increased with the K+-ion concentration of the medium up to 6 mM. Higher concentrations of K+ caused a depression which was partly prevented by terbutaline. When the contractions of the soleus muscle had been depressed by excess K+, depletion of K+ or by ouabain, terbutaline restored the twitch tension. It is suggested that the contractile machinery of the muscles is controlled by the ionic balance which in turn is changed following beta adrenoceptor stimulation. PMID- 7361571 TI - Effect of selenium on the contractile force of isolated and perfused guinea-pig heart. AB - Sodium selenite showed a negative inotropic effect on isolated and perfused guinea-pig heart. The effect was dose-dependent and was not reversed by a higher calcium concentration or by washing. Electronic microscopy revealed mitochondrial alterations. Pyruvate and lactate 2 X 10(-3)M seemed able to reverse the negative inotropic effect and mitochondrial alterations induced by sodium selenite. PMID- 7361570 TI - The effect of immediate and delayed treatment with 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1 sulphonate on the distribution and toxicity of inorganic mercury in mice and in foetal and adult rats. AB - The distribution and excretion of mercury were studied in mice and rats given a single injection of HgCl2 combined with chelation treatment. BAL-sulph (2,3 dimercaptopropane-1-sulphonate) given intravenously (500 mumol SH/kg) to mice 24 hrs after the mercury injection (2.0 mumol Hg/kg) reduced the kidney Hg-level significantly, while NAPA (N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine) and BAL (2,3 dimercaptopropanol) did not. Severe kidney damage with oliguria was observed in pregnant as well as in non-pregnant rats after injection of 5 mumol/kg of HgCl2. The gross pathological changes could be avoided with immediate treatment with BAL sulph (500 mumol SH/kg), and such treatment protect against the oliguric reaction. Treatment delayed for 24 hrs reduced the renal Hg-levels significantly, but was ineffective in preventing the kidney damage. This indicates that irreversible changes might have occurred in kidneys cells at this time. The Hg levels in the brain were either unchanged or lowered in animals given BAL-sulph treatment. BAL-sulph is supposed to act by chelation Hg++, particularly in the extracellular space. The complexes formed appears to be rapidly excreted by healthy kidneys. Mercury poisoning with severe renal damage is, however, associated with a block in urinary Hg-excretion. The poisoned animals responded on the BAL-sulph treatment with a substantial raise of faecal mercury excretion. PMID- 7361572 TI - Electrocardiographic and cardiovascular changes in cats and dogs caused by high doses of amitriptyline given as conventional tablets or a sustained release preparation. AB - Electrocardiographic and haemodynamic changes have been compared in anesthetized cats and in conscious dogs after high doses of amitriptyline given as conventional tablets or as a sustained release form. Plasma or serum levels of amitriptyline and nortriptyline were determined. In anaesthetized cats tablets caused marked ECG changes in all 6 animals combined with pronounced acidosis in 3 of the animals. The sustained release form caused no electrocardiographic changes in 4 animals and moderate disturbances in 2 animals, without acidosis in any of the 6 cats. Almost identical haemodynamic changes were seen in both groups. The plasma levels did not indicate poorer absorption from one preparation than from the other. In conscious dogs tablets caused marked clinical signs including restlessness, sedation and convulsions (2 dogs). Pronounced electrocardiographic changes were seen in all 4 dogs. Bundle branch block developed in 3 dogs. The sustained release preparation caused slight to moderate sedation and no convulsions. Pronounced electrocardiographic changes without bundle branch block were seen in one dog. Moderate changes were seen in the remaining dogs. Acidosis was most pronounced after the tablets. The serum drug levels clearly show that the absorption is much slower after administration of the sustained release preparation than after tablet administration and that somewhat lower amounts of drug are absorbed from the sustained release preparation than from tablets. It is evident from the present studies, that administration of high doses of amitryptyline as a sustained release preparation causes less toxic manifestations than given as conventional tablets. Part of the explanation may be that less amitryptyline is absorbed from the sustained release preparation than from tablets because of the high dose (dogs), but the main reason is most likely that the absorption from the sustained release preparation is much slower than the absorption from tablets. PMID- 7361573 TI - Studies on the in vitro uptake of polyamines by Girardi heart cells. AB - The uptake of spermine and spermidine in human heart cells in culture has been studied. Spermidine was accumulated to a higher degree than spermine whereas more spermine was absorbed to the cell surface. The results indicate that the uptake of spermidine and spermine is mediated by a common carrier. In addition, spermine enters the cells by several other transport mechanisms. The accumulated polyamines were not removed by washing with spermine or spermidine solutions, but they were released by treatment of the cells with butanol. PMID- 7361574 TI - Renal response to potassium infusion in rats given lithium for prolonged time. AB - The effects of infusion of potassium chloride was studied in Wistar rats given lithium by the food for more than 3 weeks. The animals were anaesthetized with amytal and three clearance periods were run. During periods 1 and 3 0.15 M NcCl was infused at a rate of 0.02 ml/min. for 60 min. and in period 2 0.5 M KCl was infused at the same rate for 90 min. Potassium infusion led to an increase of potassium excretion. Sodium excretion and urine flow were positive linear correlated to the potassium excretion but in rats given lithium the effect of potassium on sodium excretion was about eight times higher and the effect on urine flow about thirteen times higher than the effects on control rats not given lithium. The concentration of Na and K in the urine of the lithium-treated group were within a narrow range and almost unaffected by potassium infusion. Lithium clearance and the fractional excretion of lithium rose significantly during potassium infusion. Inulin clearance was almost unaffected by the potassium infusion. The results indicate that potassium infusion in rats given lithium for prolonged time leads to an increase of renal sodium, water and lithium excretion. PMID- 7361576 TI - Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in man of orally administered theophylline. AB - The pharmacokinetics of theophylline after both intravenous and oral administration was investigated in six hospitalized patients with normal renal, hepatic and pulmonary functions. A rather wide range of biological half-lives from about 3-16 hours and plasma clearance values of about 1.5-115 ml kg-1 hr-1 were found in the investigated patients, who were from 31 to 73 years of age. The apparent volumes of distribution during the eliminatory beta-phase (Vdbeta) were within the range 0.394-0.6161 kg-1 with a mean value of 0.484 1 kg-1 +/- 0.082 S.D., as determined from the intravenous data, and in excellent agreement with the value obtained from the peroral data. Except in one case theophylline exhibited two compartment characteristics after intravenous administration, while the oral data in only one patient showed this pharmacokinetic configuration and had to be analysed according to one-compartment characteristics in the other five subjects. In the oral experiments absorption rate constants of from about 0.57 to 2.17 hr-1 were found for the administered microparticulate theophylline tablet preparation, Nuelin from Riker Laboratories. A wide range of lag-times from 0 to 1.32 hours were also demonstrated in the experiments. The systemic availability of theophylline in this preparation varied from 82.8 to 103% as determined on basis of the ratios of areas under the oral and intravenous serum concentration curves. It is conclusively stated that therapeutic plasma concentrations of theophylline probably may be maintained and controlled efficiently with the investigated oral theophylline preparation. Because of the interindividual variability in the biological half-life of the compound monitoring of the serum theophylline concentration is generally advised in order to avoid toxic side effects, in particular in relation to the initial establishment of a therapeutic serum concentration level in the individual subjects to be treated. PMID- 7361577 TI - Myocardial pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline and clomipramine in the isolated, perfused rabbit heart. AB - The myocardial pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline and clomipramine were investigated in isolated rabbit hearts, which were perfused with a modified Krebs Henseleit solution containing the equimolar concentrations 0.25 or 0.28 micrograms ml-1 of the compounds, respectively. The rate of myocardial uptake of the drugs as a function of time was indirectly followed by determinations of the concentrations of the compounds in fractional samples of the coronary output of perfusate. The time course of disposition of amitriptyline from the myocardium was similarly followed after changing from amitriptyline perfusion to perfusion with drug-free liquid. The amitriptyline accumulation and disposition processes were found to fit bi-exponential functions indicating myocardial two-compartment characteristics of the compound. Clomipramine did only exhibit one-compartment myocardial characteristics. The biological half-life of amitriptyline in the myocardium was about 37.7 min. and a pronounced cardiac accumulation of about 340 micrograms of the compound at steady state was evidenced. The myocardial half life of clomipramine was about 106 min. and the accumulated amount at steady state was calculated to be 1055 micrograms. After amitriptyline perfusion an increase in the pharmacokinetic rate constants k10 and k12 and a decrease in the apparent central volume of distribution was observed. PMID- 7361575 TI - Imipramine cardiotoxicity: an electrocardiographic and haemodynamic study in rabbits. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the cardiotoxicity of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine. The experiments were carried out in rabbits during continous intravenous infusion of imipramine, and electrocardiographic and haemodynamic changes were observed. The blood flows were measured using the radioactive microsphere method based upon the principles of Fick and Stewart Hamilton. It was found that the decrease in heart rate and the changes in heart rhythm were always preceded by a fall in arterial blood pressure and cardiac contractility, expressed by a fall in dp/dtmax. On the basis of the results it is concluded that a direct depressing action on the myocardium is of importance in the development of cardiac complications, although both a depressing influence on cardiac conduction, an anticholinergic effect, and an influence on adrenergic factors may also contribute. The possibility of positive correlations between the changes in plasma-imipramine concentration and the changes in the dp/dtmax and the QRS complex cannot be excluded. PMID- 7361578 TI - Histocompatibility antigens and antibodies to viral and other antigens in Alzheimer pre-senile dementia. AB - Alzheimer's disease may arise from an interaction between a conventional infective agent and a particular disease susceptibility (related to the HLA-A or B locus). HLA antigens and antibodies to conventional infective agents were examined in 14 patients with pre-senile dementia. Most of the sample probably suffered Alzheimer's disease, though one subject may have had Pick's disease. No particular HLA type or antibody was associated with the sample. PMID- 7361580 TI - Father/child relationship: background factors in the father. AB - This investigation studied by direct interviews in a randomly selected sample of 58 Swedish unbroken families, factors of importance for the father's experience of his preschool child. The father's experience of his child was shown to correlate with the child's experience of him. Fathers experiencing their child in a positive way had been more active in the care of the child, less "authoritarian" and more physically intimate. They described good marital relations. Fathers with a low income or unsatisfied with their job were more negative towards their child than others. There was no association between the father's mental health and his experience of his child. Fathers reporting poor early parental contact were less positive towards their child than others. The man's relation to his own father was more connected with his experience of his child than his relation to his own mother, especially when the child was a boy. PMID- 7361579 TI - Season of birth in mental disorders in Tokyo, Japan, by year of birth, year of admission and age at admission. AB - Seasonal distribution of births of schizophrenics and manic-depressives born in Tokyo between the years of 1841 and 1940 and first admitted between 1879 and 1973 was examined by year of birth, year of first admission and age at first admission. In both mental disorders, a fall-excess of births could be seen among those born up to the latter part of the 19th century, after which the distribution changed to show a spring-excess. The distributional pattern seemed to depend upon both year of birth and year of admission, rather than on age at first admission. PMID- 7361581 TI - Sexmodifying operations on transsexuals in Denmark in the period 1950--1977. PMID- 7361582 TI - Personality and mental health characteristics of Nigerian university students. AB - In this paper are reported some of the results of a 1976 study of 145 female and 725 male freshmen University of Ibadan students who were assessed with the Health Opinion Survey, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and a 65-item general questionnaire. A major aim of the study was to obtain data on the social, personality and mental health characteristics of the students. Over 6 % of subjects assessed their current mental health to be "fair" or "poor" as opposed to "good" or "excellent". There was no significant association between self assessed mental health (SMH) and either sex or faculty of enrolment, but SMH had a significant relationship with Neuroticism, self-assessed current physical health and having problems to discuss with a doctor. These findings, along with the results of factor analysis of the general questionnaire, are discussed and their clinical, methodological and other implications commented upon. PMID- 7361583 TI - Coping styles and factors in male/female social integration. AB - As part of a larger research undertaking which explores the overall life experience of former mental hospital patients living in community-based sheltered care facilities in California, predictors of resident social involvement - both within the facility and outside in the community at large - were delineated. In our sample of 499 residents, we found that the types of variables indicating higher levels of social integration differed between male and female residents. The predictors that were most significant for men tended to indicate a coping style based upon access to community resources and feasibility of becoming socially involved. Thus, the opportunities made available to men in sheltered care facilities tended to be taken advantage of provided the residents' psychological handicap was not too debilitating. Predictors of higher levels of social involvement for women residents on the other hand, involved the acceptability of such behavior as appropriate by the community and the facility operator. Women residents thus appeared to be more sensitive to social, rather than environmental contingencies. PMID- 7361584 TI - Community reactions to mental disorders. A key informant study in three developing countries. PMID- 7361585 TI - Evaluation of drug taking behaviour. Some theoretical and methodological considerations. AB - Evaluation of treatment modalities of drug dependence has specific theoretical and methodological difficulties. Ideological and invested interests also complicate the literature. This paper analyses the situation on different levels, concentrating on controversies about theoretical concepts, and problems connected to the variability of drug taking populations. Some suggestions are given. PMID- 7361586 TI - Assessment of renal concentrating ability in lithium-treated patients. Comparison of long-term dehydration with administration of a vasopressin analogue. AB - In patients given long-term treatment with lithium maximum urine osmolality was measured after 26 h of dehydration and after intranasal administration of desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP). A high correlation was found between the results of the two tests suggesting that the DDAVP test is a suitable method of assessing renal concentrating ability in lithium-treated patients. PMID- 7361588 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid adrenaline and noradrenaline in depressed patients. AB - Mean adrenaline concentration in cerebrospinal fluid measured by a sensitive and specific isotope-derivative assay was significantly lower in 15 depressed patients during illness compared with 18 control subjects. At the time of recovery cerebrospinal adrenaline levels had increased markedly to normal levels. Cerebrospinal fluid noradrenaline did not differ in patients compared with controls. The present findings suggest that adrenaline as a neurotransmitter may be involved in affective disorders. PMID- 7361587 TI - The course of narcomania in adolescence. A comparison of young psychiatric in patients with and without drug abuse. AB - Eighty-four young drug abusers and 84 non-abusers admitted to a psychiatric ward were followed over a period averaging 3 years after discharge. According to information from the patients and their families, about one third of the abusers had stopped taking drugs and appeared to be well adjusted socially. The remainder had continued their abuse, periodically or continuously. Many of them had a large alcohol consumption. The incidence of delinquency was high, also for those who claimed to have ceased their abuse. Therefore, it seems doubtful that the course is as favourable as stated in the literature. The non-abusers had fared much better, two thirds of them showing satisfactory adjustment. As to prognostic factors, intravenous administration proved to represent a particularly bad sign among the drug abusers, whilst a high alcohol intake was of special significance among the non-abusers. PMID- 7361590 TI - Reactive psychosis. A prospective study. AB - A prospective study was carried out on 30 patients suffering from a psychotic episode following a stressful life event. They were found to have an Emotional, Timid, Sensitive, Tense and Insecure personality. Sleep disturbance, Affective symptoms, Histrionic behaviour and Excitement were the common clinical features. Sixty-six per cent were found to be clinically and socially remitted during a 6 months' follow-up. For 20% the diagnosis was revised to Affective Psychosis and for 10% to Schizophrenia. PMID- 7361591 TI - Visual bias in guided and pre-selected movements. PMID- 7361593 TI - Attention demands of movements as a function of their duration and velocity. PMID- 7361592 TI - Location vs. frequency of pure tones as a basis of fast discrimination. PMID- 7361594 TI - The case against a speech mode of perception. PMID- 7361595 TI - [The value of the Bricker method]. PMID- 7361589 TI - Personality structure and adjustment pattern in bronchial asthma. AB - A controlled study was conducted on 25 bronchial asthma patients in order to understand their personality structure, interpersonal relationships, conflicts and adjustment patterns. Psychometric evaluation was done by administering Rorschach's test, Eysenck's rating scale for anxiety and neurasthenic tendency, and sentence completion test. The results revealed that the asthmatics were intelligent but inhibited. They had covert aggression, neurotic constriction and marked affectional and dependency needs. They had considerable anxiety and were unable to use their energy for constructive work. Excessive dependency on the mother and sexual disturbance were prominently noticeable. They were possessed with irrational fears, guilt feelings and insecurity. Though high goals were set they were unable to achieve them. The present data suggest avenues for further research in the cross-cultural field. PMID- 7361596 TI - [Bricker Wallace: analysis of a series. Criteria for the choice of method]. PMID- 7361597 TI - [Zinc levels in the normal and pathological prostatic tissue]. PMID- 7361598 TI - [Fournier's disease]. PMID- 7361599 TI - [Lithiasis pyonephrosic with double fistulization to the stomach and gluteal region]. PMID- 7361600 TI - [Ultrasonics in the diagnosis of the sterile male. I: echography of the seminal vesicles]. PMID- 7361601 TI - [Bivalvular nephrolithotomy under intra-arterial hypothermia. Report of 2 selected cases]. PMID- 7361602 TI - [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7361603 TI - [Non-functioning adrenocortical carcinoma]. PMID- 7361604 TI - [Ureteral metastasis of a prostatic cancer]. PMID- 7361605 TI - [Detection of inflammatory processes with Ga-67 in urology]. PMID- 7361606 TI - [Incidence of renal lithiasis]. PMID- 7361607 TI - [Conformation of snake neurotoxins : forecasts, data and dynamics]. PMID- 7361608 TI - [Aminoglycoside antibiotics and their receptors]. PMID- 7361610 TI - Ganglioside designation. PMID- 7361609 TI - Characterization of micellar and liposomal dispersions of gangliosides and phospholipids. PMID- 7361611 TI - A new approach to the analysis of ganglioside molecular species. PMID- 7361612 TI - Gangliosides in fish brain. PMID- 7361613 TI - A sensitive assay for gangliosides in the subnanomole range. PMID- 7361614 TI - Sialyltransferase activities in two neuronal models: retina and cultures of isolated neurons. PMID- 7361615 TI - Isolation and separation of gangliosides on a new form of glass bead ion exchanger. PMID- 7361616 TI - Gangliosides, neuraminidase and sialyltransferase at the nerve endings. PMID- 7361617 TI - "Neuraminidase-resistant" sialic acid residues of gangliosides. PMID- 7361618 TI - Introductory remarks on chemical structures of gangliosides. PMID- 7361619 TI - Structure and function of gangliosides. PMID- 7361620 TI - Structures of some new complex gangliosides of fish brain. AB - Three novel trisialogangliosides of fish brain, GT3, GT2 and GT1c, have been isolated in their intact forms and their structures characterized. The discovery of these ganglioside species provides essential links for a new possible biosynthetic pathway leading to the major tetrasialoganglioside, GQ1c, of the fish brain. PMID- 7361621 TI - Immunoassays based on plastic-adsorbed gangliosides. PMID- 7361622 TI - Sialidase in brain and fibroblasts in three patients with different types of sialidosis. PMID- 7361623 TI - Structural fingerprinting of gangliosides and other glycoconjugates by mass spectrometry. PMID- 7361624 TI - The interaction between gangliosides and interferon. PMID- 7361627 TI - Trifluoroacetolysis, a new method for structural studies of glycolipids. PMID- 7361625 TI - Gangliosides and thermal adaptation. AB - The concentration and pattern of brain gangliosides of lower and higher vertebrates were compared. Only when considering the eco-factor temperature clear correlations between systematical position of species, thermal adaptation status and brain ganglioside composition can be shown: lowering of the environmental temperature induces a long-term formation of more polar ganglioside fractions. In fishes additional long-term compensatory effects to changes in temperature were demonstrated with regard to motor activity, bioelectrical activity of the CNS (post-synaptic potential amplitude) and avoidance conditioning-learning. All phenomena taken together reflect a mechanism of modulating the thermo-sensitivity of the membrane-mediated processes of transmission. PMID- 7361626 TI - Mass spectra and NMR spectra of gangliosides containing fucose. AB - Two gangliosides containing fucose, prepared from minipig posterior root ganglion, were analyzed as methylated, methylated-reduced and methylated-reduced trimethylsilylated derivatives by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy and shown to have the following structures:Fuc alpha 1 leads to Hex beta 1 leads to 3HexNac (comes from NeuAc) beta 1 leads to Hex beta 1 leads to Hex beta 1 leads to 1Ceramide Fuc-Hex-HexNAc (NeuGc)-Hex-Hex-Ceramide. PMID- 7361628 TI - High resolution 1H-NMR spectroscopy of carbohydrate structures. PMID- 7361629 TI - Enzymic degradation of gangliosides. PMID- 7361630 TI - Proteins in aqueous humor. PMID- 7361631 TI - The cholinergic system in old age and Alzheimer's disease. AB - Activities relating to the cholinergic system in post-mortem brain tissue have been examined in relation to ageing and Alzheimer-type pathology. As senile plaque numbers increased in non-demented and demented old people, activities of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase decreased, butyrylcholinesterase increased and muscarinic receptor binding remained unchanged. The behaviour of these biochemical activities was further examined in relation to the ageing process in mentally normal people. Loss of choline acetyltransferase also occurred, to a lesser extent, with increasing age and muscarinic binding decreased but there was no age-related loss in acetylcholinesterase. These biochemical findings are discussed in relation to the possible involvement of the cholinergic system in 'normal' ageing and in Alzheimer's disease and are compatible with an extension of age-related nerve terminal changes to abnormalities of cholinergic processes in the disease itself. PMID- 7361632 TI - Functional changes in autonomic nervous responses with ageing. AB - The effects of ageing on autonomic nervous responses have been investigated in 29 young adults, 64 healthy elderly in the age range 66 to 86 years, and 20 elderly in-patients with hypothermia, instability of bladder function or marked orthostatic hypotension. In the healthy elderly group, the beat-to-beat variation in response to postural change was significantly diminished, the vasoconstrictor response to cooling reduced and baroreflex sensitivity during lower-body negative pressure was decreased compared with young adults. Patients with an atronic bladder, determined by urodynamic tests, showed an even more marked decrease in baroreflex sensitivity. The multisystem nature of these autonomic disturbances suggests that physiological impairment may occur in autonomic neural pathways with ageing. PMID- 7361633 TI - Postural hypotension in old age: is it a disorder of the nervous system or of blood vessels? AB - Beat to beat variation, postural changes in blood pressure and thresholds for vibration sense were measured in 10 young adults and 186 old people living at home. There was a reduction in beat to beat variation, but and increase in postural changes in blood pressure and thresholds for vibration sense in the elderly. Within age and sex groups, there was no correlation between beat to beat variation, postural changes in blood pressure and thresholds for vibration sense, but a strong positive correlation between postural changes in blood pressure and lying systolic pressures. This suggests that, in old age, a change in the structure of the vascular tree may be more important than autonomic dysfunction, as a determinant of postural hypotension. PMID- 7361635 TI - Geriatric day hospitals: practice and planning. AB - A study of 1026 day-hospital patients who attended the three geriatric day hospitals in East Kent in the year 1971-2 showed similar results to those obtained from previous studies with regard to age and sex of attenders, diagnoses and average length of attendance. Day-hospital practice was viewed within the context of the other essential services provided for the elderly in this retirement area. The lack of day centres and psychogeriatric day hospitals and its effects on day-hospital practice are discussed with reference to the low NPI (new patient index) figures in the three units. Each area's yearly referrals are related to its resident elderly population and vary from 3-15 patients per 1000 (average 7.7 patients). Since an average patient attends for three months or more, something between 1 and 2 places per 1000 elderly would be required if they attended two days a week, and up to 3 places per 1000 elderly if they attended three days a week. This result suggests that the national guide-line of 2 places per 1000 elderly may be sufficient to meet present local referrals; though it cannot be assumed that it measures need. PMID- 7361634 TI - The combined approach to geriatrics and psychiatry: evaluation of a joint unit in a teaching hospital district. AB - A 25-bedded combined geriatric and psychogeriatric assessment unit in a District General Hospital (Teaching) is described. In the five years 1973-7 there were 1576 admissions. The turnover per bed was 12.6 per year, discharges 58% and deaths 22%. Results compare favourably with other geriatric and psychogeriatric units and with the treatment of elderly patients with psychiatric disorders in a general medical ward. The arrangement meets the needs of elderly patients very well, provides a valuable training ground, and ensures excellent liaison between geriatric and psychogeriatric services. PMID- 7361636 TI - Impedance cardiography and cardiac output in the elderly. AB - The cardiac output has been measured in 40 elderly patients by impedance cardiography and an isotopic indicator-dilution method. There was no significant systemic difference between the results obtained by the two methods. The mean difference between paired values was 0.76 1/min (approximately 16%). The value and limitations of impedance cardiography in the study of the circulation in the elderly are discussed. PMID- 7361637 TI - Benign oesophageal stricture in the elderly--use of cimetidine and fibre-optic dilatation. AB - Peptic strictures of the oesophagus may occur rapidly in the elderly. Dilatation of benign oesophageal stricture using a fibre-optic endoscope provides effective and safe treatment. Forty-eight dilatations were performed on 19 patients without significant complications. Swallowing was improved in all patients. The use of cimetidine is described. PMID- 7361638 TI - Mortality patterns following internal fixation for acute femoral neck fractures in the elderly with special emphasis on potential excess mortality following reoperations. AB - Mortality patterns and excess mortality have been studied and quantified in 103 patients treated with internal fixation for acute, displaced femoral neck fractures with special emphasis on the potential excess mortality which may follow later operations for capital necrosis, failure of the osteosynthesis, etc. Of 103 patients studied 31 needed one or more reoperations. We have confirmed previously published reports that excess mortality is limited to the first six months after the primary operation. Quantification of the excess mortality which may follow reoperations shows that later operations are not followed by an increased death rate compared with the standard population. PMID- 7361639 TI - Design of the master's degree in occupational therapy, part 1. A logical approach. AB - The function of the master's degree in a bachelor's level profession is explored, using the principles of the American academic degree structure and the professional educational structure. Based on these principles, the basic master's program in occupational therapy is viewed as being at variance with the degree structure of higher education. This argument is grounded in the fact that the basic master's program entails less complex educational objectives than does the advanced master's program. PMID- 7361640 TI - Final report of the ad hoc committee on administrative issues, part 2. PMID- 7361641 TI - Total hip replacement therapy. PMID- 7361642 TI - Cardiovascular stress associated with the recreational tennis play of middle-aged males. PMID- 7361643 TI - The challenge of tomorrow for corrective therapy. PMID- 7361644 TI - Duplicity in a Committee report on diet and coronary heart disease. PMID- 7361646 TI - Flail aortic valve leaflets: M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic manifestations. AB - Four patients with documented flail aortic valve leaflets were studied using M mode and two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo). Two had aortic valve endocarditis, one had endocarditis involving a congenital heart defect, and one had a myxomatous aortic valve. Mitral valve flutter and early mitral valve closure led to the diagnosis of severe aortic insufficiency in three patients. Diastolic aortic valve flutter, considered to be specific for a flail aortic leaflet, was present in three patients. In the fourth patient left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) echoes were present, but did not distinguish between a flail aortic leaflet and an aortic vegetation. Two-D echo confirmed LVOT echoes in all patients. Discrimination between a flail leaflet and a vegetation(s) without leaflet disruption was accomplished by noting the hinge point of the LVOT diastolic echoes, which was the aortic wall in patients with a flail leaflet. The combination of these M-mode and 2-D echocardiographic findings permitted the diagnosis of a flail aortic leaflet to be made accurately and noninvasively. In two patients surgery was performed without prior cardiac catheterization. PMID- 7361647 TI - Relationship of plasma anti-heparin activity and platelet survival time in coronary disease. PMID- 7361645 TI - R wave amplitude changes during stress testing. Comparison with ST segment depression and angiographic correlation. PMID- 7361648 TI - Technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigrams in pericardial disease. AB - Technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) myocardial scintigrams were obtained in 35 acute pericarditis and in three chronic constrictive pericarditis patients. Thirteen of 35 acute pericarditis patients (37%) and one of three chronic constrictive pericarditis patients (33%) had abnormal scintigrams (a diffuse pattern in eight patients and a regional pattern in six patients). Of the 17 acute pericarditis patients with classic ST-segment changes of acute pericarditis, 10 (56%) had abnormal scintigrams compared to three of 17 patients (18%) without these ECG changes (P less than 0.02). These data indicate that pericardial disease may cause an abnormal scintigram. Therefore, one must rule out pericardial disease before concluding that a positive scintigram is due to acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7361649 TI - Intravenous quinidine: pharmacokinetic properties and effects on left ventricular performance in humans. PMID- 7361650 TI - Limitations of the standard transthoracic electrocardiogram in detecting subendocardial ischemia. PMID- 7361651 TI - Sialic acid-depleted red cells following acute myocardial infarction. AB - A reduction of red cell SA in patients following acute myocardial infarction is reported and the effects of SA-depleted red cells on cardiac index and alveolar capillary blood flow in the dog are described. The mean red cell SA in 26 patients following acute myocardial infarction was 0.021 +/- 0.001 compared with a mean of 0.031 +/- 0.002 mumol./0.1 ml RBC in 12 normal subjects (p less than 0.01). In five dogs injected with neuraminidase, an enzyme which removes SA from the red cell membrane, a 43% decrease in mean cardiac index from 2.3 +/- 0.22 to 1.3 +/- 0.16 (p less than 0.01) occurred. In films of the pulmonary microcircuation the mean widths of typical alveolar capillary beds decreased 42.6% +/- 5% (p less than 0.01). In three other dogs, autotransfusion with SA depleted stored blood resulted in a 25% decrease in mean cardiac index from 2.0 +/- 0.21 to 1.5 +/- 0.21 (p less than 0.2), and a 21.7% +/- 0.9% (p less than 0.01) decrease in mean widths of typical alveolar capillary beds. We conclude that a reduction of red cell SA follows acute myocardial infarction and that SA depleted red cells decrease cardiac index and alveolar capillary blood flow in the dogs. PMID- 7361652 TI - The abnormal heart rate response to a deep breath in borderline labile hypertension: a sign of autonomic nervous system dysfunction. AB - A group of patients with borderline or labile hypertension were prospectively recruited and asked to take a deep breath while lying supine and being monitored by electrocardiography. Their attenuated heart rate responses were sharply abnormal, demonstrating an excessively rapid rate throughout but without quickening on inspiration nor slowing with expiration. It is suggested that this further demonstrates inadequate autonomic control, sympathetic and parasympathetic, of the heart in labile hypertension and even at a moment when the patient's blood pressure is normal. PMID- 7361653 TI - Superior vena cava syndrome: case report. A complication of permanent transvenous endocardial cardiac pacing requiring surgical correction. AB - Superior vena cava syndrome developed in a patient in whom an endocardial transvenous pacemaker had been inserted five years previously. Venography demonstrated an obstructing lesion at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium. Balloon catheter dilatation failed to afford any relief from her progressive symptoms. Exploration of the area revealed a benign fibrotic lesion encircling the pacemaker lead within the right atrium. Excision of the lesion, removal of the lead, and patching the right atrium with pericardium resulted in rapid cure. PMID- 7361654 TI - Multiple coronary thromboses in previously normal coronary arteries: a rare cause of acute myocardial infarction. AB - This report describes an unusual form of myocardial infarction in a 44-year-old woman who was found to have two proximal coronary artery thrombi with otherwise normal coronary arteries. An interesting feature of her history was that the coronary events occurred in association with thrombocytopenia and heparin treatment. Two other clinical reports of patients who developed thrombocytopenia and myocardial infarction while receiving heparin have been identified, and the possibility that these thrombi were secondary to a coagulation abnormality associated with heparin is considered. PMID- 7361656 TI - Microscopy of urine--now you see it, now you don't! PMID- 7361655 TI - Situs inversus with complete transposition. PMID- 7361657 TI - Excess smoking in malignant hypertension. PMID- 7361658 TI - Drinking water and cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7361659 TI - Of "now myocardial imaging". PMID- 7361660 TI - Simplifying cardiopulmonary resuscitation rules. PMID- 7361661 TI - Bleeding complications with heparin therapy. PMID- 7361662 TI - Incidence and clinical significance of induced ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7361663 TI - Atrial flutter. I. Electrophysiologic substrates and modes of initiation and termination. PMID- 7361664 TI - Treadmill exercise testing in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 7361665 TI - Effect of age on atrioventricular conduction in patients with chronic bifascicular block. PMID- 7361667 TI - Myocardial infarction in the dog: effects of intravenous propranolol. AB - The effects of propranolol on myocardial perfusion and metabolism during acute myocardial infarction were studied in 18 mongrel dogs. A reversible snare was placed on the left anterior descending coronary artery; regional myocardial perfusion was continuously measured using the short-lived isotope krypton-81m, and myocardial metabolism was assessed using the epicardial electrocardiogram and measurement of release of creatine kinase activity from the affected segment of myocardium. Six dogs with no arterial occlusion acted as "sham operated" dogs; six others in which the snare was occluded acted as a control group and a third group of six were given propranolol, 0.5 mg/kg, 30 minutes after coronary occlusion. All variables were recorded before and for 5 hours after coronary occlusion. Dogs treated with propranolol showed a significant improvement in regional myocardial perfusion to the affected segment, decreased loss of electrically active myocardium at the end of each experiment for any given degree of early S-T segment elevation and a delay in the local release of creatine kinase activity compared with that in the control dogs. These results suggest that propranolol exerts a beneficial effect on the progress of ischemic myocardial damage when given shortly after the onset of infarction. PMID- 7361666 TI - S-T segment elevation during exercise: electrocardiographic and arteriographic correlation in 38 patients. PMID- 7361669 TI - Noninvasive quantification of left ventricular wall stress. Validation of method and application to assessment of chronic pressure overload. PMID- 7361668 TI - Method for recording electrical activity of the sinoatrial node and automatic atrial foci during cardiac catheterization in human subjects. AB - A method for recording electrical activity of the sinoatrial (S-A) node and automatic atrial foci in human subjects is described. To record S-A nodal electrograms, an electrode catheter was inserted percutaneously into the femoral vein and advanced under fluoroscopic control to the superior vena caval-right atrial junction. The distal terminal of the catheter was placed in the area of the S-A node and the proximal terminal on the free right atrial wall or in the right atrial lumen. Polarity was reversed from the conventional electrocardiographic recording; high amplification (about 100 microV/cm) and selective filters (0.1 to 20 hertz) were used. S-A nodal electrograms recorded with this method in human subjects were similar to electrograms obtained previously from the dog and rabbit and revealed negatively directed diastolic and upstroke slopes preceding the P wave of the electrocardiogram. Sinoatrial conduction time measured from the S-A nodal electrograms in 15 cases was 34.9 +/- 2.1 ms(mean +/- standard error of the mean) for a sinus cycle length of 736.4 +/- 38.6 ms. The coronary sinus electrograms in a patient with coronary sinus rhythm were recorded by the same technique except that the distal terminal of the catheter was placed at the coronary sinus ostium. A negatively directed diastolic slope preceding the P wave was consistently recorded. This method for recording electrograms of the S-A node and ectopic automatic atrial foci should prove useful in (1) assessment of both normal and abnormal S-A nodal function, (2) direct determination of conduction time from the S-A nodal pacemaker to the atrium, and (3) localization of automatic atrial foci. PMID- 7361670 TI - "Harvey," the cardiology patient simulator: pilot studies on teaching effectiveness. PMID- 7361671 TI - Clinicopathologic study of abnormal Q waves in Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome). An infantile cardiac disease with myocarditis and myocardial infarction. PMID- 7361672 TI - Ventricular volume characteristics of single ventricle before corrective surgery. AB - With use of biplane cineangiocardiograms, ventricular cavity volume measurements were determined in 17 patients with single ventricle, before total correction. There were 4 patients with a single left and 13 with a single right ventricle. Atrioventricular (A-V) valve regurgitation was evident in 6 of 13 patients with a common A-V valve. End-diastolic volume index ranged from 72 to 282 ml/m2 (average 131 ml/m2), and these values ranged from 71 to 206 percent (average 110 percent) of the sum of the normal left and right ventricular end-diastolic volumes. Ejection fraction averaged 0.55. There was no significant difference in ventricular cavity volume characteristics and ventricular function between patients with single and and single right ventricle. The single ventricle ejects blood to both the systemic and the pulmonary circulatory beds. There was a high correlation of end-diastolic volume index with pulmonary to system flow ratio (r = +0.89, p less than 0.001). This observation indicates that the major factor affecting ventricular cavity volume in single ventricle is pulmonary blood flow and a systemic to pulmonary arterial shunt should increase the ventricular cavity volume. Ventricular function of single ventricle was depressed. The ejection fraction of patients with A-V valve regurgitation averaged 0.49, which was significantly lower than that (0.58) of patients without regurgitation (p less than 0.05). A-V valve regurgitation was also a factor that increased ventricular cavity volume, although the ventricular function became more depressed. PMID- 7361673 TI - Aberrant left subclavian artery in tetralogy of Fallot. AB - The anatomy of the aberrant left subclavian artery in a right-sided aortic arch is different in patients with tetralogy of Fallot than in persons with a normal heart. In all eight patients with tetralogy of Fallot and aberrant left subclavian artery in this series, the left subclavian artery arose directly from the distal aortic arch. In contrast, normal persons with right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery invariably have an aortic diverticulum from which the left subclavian artery and the left ductus arteriosus originate. The possible different embryologic events responsible for these two forms of aberrant left subclavian artery are discussed. PMID- 7361674 TI - Treatment of angina at rest with nifedipine: a short-term controlled study. AB - The effectiveness of nifedipine in treating angina pectoris at rest was evaluated in 14 patients with frequent ischemic episodes associated with S-T segment elevation or depression. The trial consisted of (1) a 48 hour control period; (2) a placebo period and a period of treatment with nifedipine of 48 hours each; and (3) a second placebo period and a second period of treatment with nifedipine of 24 hours each. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated by continuous electrocardiographic recording to detect painless ischemic episodes. During coronary angiography coronary spasm was demonstrated in five patients. The ergonovine maleate test was positive in seven of eight patients. No statistically significant difference was found in the mean daily number of ischemic episodes between the control period and the first placebo period, or between the control and the second placebo periods. Nifedipine produced a highly significant reduction in the mean daily number of episodes compared with the response to placebo during the first as well as the second period. Nifedipine is effective in angina at rest caused by coronary arterial spasm. The prevention of ischemia may be related to the ability of nifedipine to decrease calcium-dependent coronary muscle tone and to prevent coronary spasm. PMID- 7361675 TI - Strength-interval relation in the human ventricle: effect of procainamide. AB - The effects of procainamide on strength-interval relations were evaluated in 18 patients. At plasma concentrations of 4.3 to 13.6 micrograms/ml procainamide had minimal effects on threshold current in late diastole, but in early diastole it shifted the strength-interval curve to the right. The basic strength-interval relation (that is, decreasing refractory period as current is increased) was not altered. The control refractory period decreased by a mean of 44 ms as the current was increased from threshold to 10 mA, whereas a mean decrease of 42 ms was observed after procainamide. However, the steep portion of the strength interval curve(absolute refractory period) was shifted to longer coupling intervals by a mean value of 24 ms. These findings suggest that procainamide may primarily affect active membrane properties, but exert little net effect on passive membrane properties late in diastole. PMID- 7361676 TI - Exercise-induced S-T segment elevation in variant angina. AB - Five patients with known ischemic heart disease had an unusual pattern of S-T segment depression during treadmill exercise testing followed by S-T segment elevation and chest pain in the postexercise period. Thallium-201 scintigraphy revealed reversible exercise-induced myocardial ischemia, in areas supplied by severely narrowed coronary arteries as documented by coronary arteriography. Ambulatory electrocardiographic recording for S-T segment shift using a frequency modulated system showed S-T segment depressions and elevations at rest in the same leads that showed similar shifts during exercise tests. Three of the five patients had a myocardial infarction within 8 weeks of diagnosis, and two died. This syndrome may be associated with severe coronary artery disease and may have a very poor prognosis. PMID- 7361677 TI - Initiation of ventricular tachycardia by reentry within the bundle branches. Implications for electrophysiologic testing of antiarrhythmic drugs. PMID- 7361678 TI - Is coronary arterial spasm a risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis? PMID- 7361679 TI - Estimation of sinoatrial conduction time. PMID- 7361680 TI - Third heart sound in right ventricular infarction and constrictive pericardial disease. PMID- 7361681 TI - Paradoxic septal motion in right ventricular infarction. PMID- 7361682 TI - Echocardiogram in porcine mitral valve dysfunction. PMID- 7361683 TI - Direct current shock and transcardiac impedance. PMID- 7361684 TI - Coronary vasospasm and the coronary arteriographer. PMID- 7361685 TI - Coronary anatomy in postpartum acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7361686 TI - Abnormal thallium-201 myocardial images in patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteriograms. PMID- 7361687 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 7361688 TI - Nutritional concepts essential in the education of the medical student. PMID- 7361689 TI - Trans-isomeric fatty acids in West German margarines, shortenings, frying, and cooking fats. PMID- 7361690 TI - Malnutrition and brain--the role of infections. PMID- 7361691 TI - Zinc absorption from composite meals. I. The significance of whest extraction rate, zinc, calcium, and protein content in meals based on bread. AB - The absorption of zinc in man from composite meals based on bread was measured with a radionuclide technique using 65Zn and whole-body counting. Bread was made up from wheat flour of 100 and 72% extraction rate. A lower absolute amount of zinc was absorbed from the white bread compared to the absorption from the same amount of wholemeal bread. When the two types of bread were enriched with zinc chloride the absorption was higher from the white bread than from the wholemeal bread. Addition of calcium in the form of milk products improved the absorption of zinc from a meal with wholemeal bread. A significant positive correlation was found between zinc absorption and the protein content in meals containing milk, cheese, beef, and egg in various combinations with the wholemeal bread. PMID- 7361692 TI - The influence of feeding regimens on iron status during infancy. PMID- 7361694 TI - Total daily energy expenditure of healthy, free ranging school children. PMID- 7361693 TI - Effect of purified cellulose, pectin, and a low-residue diet on fecal volatile fatty acids, transit time, and fecal weight in humans. PMID- 7361695 TI - Adipose tissue cellularity and weight reduction forecastin. AB - Seventy-six obese female outpatients underwent controlled 1000 kcal diets (50% carbohydrate, 25% fat, 25% protein). Prior-to-treatment data underwent "step wise" multiple regression analysis to investigate the possibility of predicting body weight after 6 months of treatment (y), Body weight can be forecast using a linear regression function. This function, based on initial weight (x1) and adipose cell weight (x2), uses the equation y = 9.75 + 0.87x1 - 8.41x2 (F = 696.53; P less than 0.001; R2 = 0.95). Afterwards, patients were subdivided into three groups according to the difference between 6th and 12th month body weights: weight loss, weight stable, and weight increase groups. Weight gaining patients showed a significantly higher mean fat cell number, weight lossers had a higher mean adipose cell weight than the other two groups. PMID- 7361696 TI - Effects of dietary saponins on fecal bile acids and neutral sterols, plasma lipids and lipoprotein turnover in the pig. AB - Four young mature male pigs, 110 to 120 kg of body weight, were maintained on a low (0.01%) cholesterol diet. A double changeover design was used so that at any time two pigs received additionally 20 g/day of saponins as a 0.33% solution in drinking water. Saponins raised concentrations of fecal bile acids and neutral sterols and increased the contribution of primary acids to excretion. Neither the concentration of total plasma cholesterol nor low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were affected by saponins. There was also no change in either absolute or fractional catabolic rate of low-density or high-density lipiproteins. The data are discussed in relation to the effects of cholestyramine on plasma cholesterol and bile acid excretion in the pig and to the possible role of saponin-containing foods in the control of plasma cholesterol in man. PMID- 7361697 TI - A novel use of chitosan as a hypocholesterolemic agent in rats. AB - A series of experiments with male rats clearly demonstrated the hypocholesterolemic activity of dietary chitosan. On feeding a high cholesterol diet for 20 days, addition of 2 to 5% chitosan resulted in a significant reduction, by 25 to 30%, of plasma cholesterol without influencing food intake and growth. The concentration of liver cholesterol and triglyceride also decreased significantly. Plasma, but not liver cholesterol-lowering effect, was roughly comparable with that of cholestyramine. Chitosan at the 10% level further reduced plasma cholesterol, but depressed growth. Also, finer chitosan particles tended to restrain growth even at the 2% level. In rats fed a cholesterol-free diet containing 0.5% chitosan for 81 days, the concentration of serum cholesterol was the same with that of the corresponding control, but relatively more cholesterol existed as high-density lipiproteins and less as very low-density lipoproteins. Dietary chitosan increased fecal excretion of cholesterol, both exogenous and endogenous, while that of bile acids remained unchanged. There was no constipation or diarrhea. A proper supplementation of chitosan to the diet seemed to be effective in lowering plasma cholesterol. PMID- 7361698 TI - Body composition during long-term treatment of uremia with amino acid supplemented low-protein diet. AB - The influence on body composition of prolonged treatment with low-protein diet (20 g/day) supplemented with the essential amino acids and histidine was studied in 49 patients with chronic renal failure and uremic symptoms. Total body potassium (TBK) was measured with 40K in a whole-body counter. Total body water was determined with dilution of tritiated water. Predicted values for TBK and total body water were obtained from a reference population of 476 healthy subjects. In 38 patients investigated before treatment body weight was normal while mean TBK was 91% of predicted in men and 100% in women. Mean total body water was 104% of predicted in both men and women. Thirty-one patients were investigated at 3-month intervals during treatment for up to 12 months. No significant changes in mean body weight, TBK, or total body water were found. However, in 10/13 patients TBK decreased significantly, presumably due to increased catabolism in connection with intercurrent disease or insufficient energy intake. In the absence of complications long-term treatment with a low protein diet and essential amino acids in renal failure seems to maintain body cell mass reflected in unchanged TBK. PMID- 7361699 TI - Human milk: comparison of the nitrogen composition in milk from mothers of premature and full-term infants. AB - Total nitrogen concentration of human milk during the first 4 weeks of lactation is higher in milk obtained from mothers giving birth prematurely than in milk from mothers giving birth at term. In the present study, the relative composition of total nitrogen was found to be similar in premature and full-term milk except for some minor differences in small molecule components. Total nitrogen is comprised of an average of 82% protein, 8% of the nonprotein nitrogen components- urea, free amino acids, uric acid, and ammonia--and the remaining 10% is predicted to be peptide nitrogen. PMID- 7361700 TI - Effect of oral contraceptives on composition and volume of breast milk. AB - Nitrogen and protein composition was determined in milk from women using oral contraceptives during lactation. Total nitrogen and nonprotein nitrogen as well as lactose and the individual milk proteins lactoferrin, alpha-lactalbumin, and serum albumin were analyzed before introduction of oral contraceptives and thereafter throughout the lactation period. Twenty-four hour milk volumes were registered by weighing the infant before and after each feeding. The four oral contraceptives used consisted of different combinations of d-norgestrel, megestrolacetate, and ethinylestradiol. Significant changes were observed between groups and controls for all parameters studied. However, the changes observed were generally within the physiological variation of normal breast milk. It is suggested that the use of oral contraceptives during lactation should be limited. PMID- 7361701 TI - The effect of kind of carbohydrate in the diet and use of oral contraceptives on metabolism of young women. II. Serum lipid levels. AB - The response of lipids in the blood between two groups of six young women was compared. Group 1 took oral contraceptives and group 2 had never taken oral contraceptives. Two experimental diets supplied about 13% of the calories from protein, 36% from fat, and 51% from carbohydrate. Of the carbohydrate, 84% was either sucrose or wheat starch. Each diet was fed for 4 weeks in a cross-over design. In the portion of the research presented here, subjects were fed a high sucrose meal before each dietary period and after weeks 1 and 3 of each dietary period. Blood lipids were measured before and 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after each meal. Cholesterol and lipoproteins were not affected by the sucrose meal, but free fatty acid levels decreased significantly in both groups. The serum levels of triglycerides, beta-lipoproteins, and cholesterol were significantly higher in users than in nonusers of oral contraceptives. Free fatty acid levels were affected by an interaction between diet and time, and the decrease in response was greater after the sucrose than after the wheat starch diet. Triglycerides, cholesterol, and total lipids were not significantly different after the two carbohydrate diets. PMID- 7361702 TI - Effect of oral contraceptives agents on thiamin, riboflavin, and pantothenic acid status in young women. PMID- 7361703 TI - The effect of variations in vitamin C intake on the cellular immune response of guinea pigs. AB - The uptake of tritiated thymidine by isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from male guinea pigs immunized with bovine serum albumin was studied in animals maintained on various amounts of Vitamin C for 28 days. Animals were pair fed on ascorbate-free diet and were supplemented intraperitoneally with 0, 25, or 250 mg Na-ascorbate per day. Scorbutic animals lost weight rapidly during the final 2 experimental weeks. Their daily food intake averaged only 4 g/day during the last week; thus, pair-fed ascorbate-supplemented groups were also subjected to acute nutritional stress. Lymphocytes from guinea pigs receiving 250 mg Na ascorbate per day incorporated in vitro the highest amounts of tritiated thymidine both in the absence of nonspecific mitogen and in the presence of concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin. Responses to lipopolysaccharide were not conclusive. Total circulating white cells counts and relative numbers of T and B lymphocytes were assessed in a second study made under identical constraints. In scorbutic animals the percentage of B lymphocytes increased and that of T lymphocytes decreased continuously over the 4-week period. The opposite effect was observed in vitamin C-supplemented animals. These studies suggest that very high doses of ascorbate support elevated mitotic activity after 4 weeks of much reduced food intake. PMID- 7361704 TI - A study of partial thiamin restriction in human volunteers. AB - A double blind study of partial thiamin restriction was undertaken in 19 volunteer male medical students for a period of 4 to 5 weeks. Each day the subjects followed a diet supplying 500 micrograms thiamin and took 1 capsule randomly assigned to contain 5 mg thiamin hydrochloride or thiamin placebo. This capsule also supplied physiological doses of other vitamins. At the end of the study all were repleted with thiamin hydrochloride. Ten thiamin-depleted subjects were correctly identified by low urinary thiamin excretion, decreasing erythrocyte transketolase activity, and elevation of the thiamin pyrophosphate effect. The remaining nine subjects were controls. The degree of thiamin depletion induced varied between individuals and had no measurable ill effect on health as assessed by subjective feelings, physical findings, psychological testing, nerve conduction studies, and work performance. Subclinical thiamin deficiency is defined from this study as the presence of a low urinary thiamin level (27 microgram thiamin/g creatinine) together with a thiamin pyrophosphate effect above 14.2% and below 35.4%. However, when urinary thiamin excretion is unknown, the data indicate that a thiamin pyrophosphate effect above 9% and below 41.6% is likely but not certain to represent subclinical thiamin deficiency. These guidelines, developed under experimental conditions, are a reference framework for assessment of thiamin status in population groups but should be applied with caution to individuals and to people with disease. PMID- 7361705 TI - Salt and hypertension: data from the "Heidelberg Study". AB - Prevalence of hypertension and "intake" of sodium chloride (as estimated from 24 hr urinary Na-excretion) were measured in a random sample (n = 800) of 20- to 40 year-old Heidelberg men. There was a high (14%) prevalence of hypertension and a high (mean = 11.32 g) NcCl intake; both showed, however, no correlation. The lack of a NaCl/blood pressure correlation in this cross-sectional study might be due to intra- and interindividual variability of both parameters and, possibly, to a "threshold" argument concerning the etiological role of sodium in hypertension. PMID- 7361706 TI - Carnitine status in Thai adults. AB - Plasma carnitine and urinary carnitine levels were measured in Thai adults living in Bangkok city and Ubol villages. The mean plasma carnitine and urinary carnitine levels expressed in micromoles per liter in Bangkok adults were higher than those in Ubol adults. Their mean plasma carnitine levels were 56.6 +/- 1.8 and 50.3 +/- 1.7 whereas urinary carnitine levels were 161 +/- 19 and 127 +/- 18 micromole/liter, respectively. The nutritional status in Ubol adults was inadequate. This was evidenced by the significant decrease in urinary creatinine excretion, serum albumin, and hematocrit levels. The dietary assessment agreed with the biochemical findings. Since rice, limiting in carnitine, was the main protein and energy source consumed by Ubol adults their inadequate carnitine status could be due to the low carnitine intake. Sex affects plasma carnitine levels in Bangkok adults and urinary carnitine excretion in both groups. This could be related to the lean body mass in which most of the body carnitine resides. This is supported by the higher urinary creatinine excretion in males and the significant positive correlation between carnitine excretion and creatinine-height index. PMID- 7361707 TI - A simple method for measuring zinc absorption in man using a short-lived isotope (69mZn). AB - Using a short-lived isotope of zinc (69mZn) with a half-life of 13.9 hr, we have developed a simple test of zinc absorption. After an oral dose of isotope (50 muCi) with 2 mg of elemental zinc a plasma appearance curve was constructed from radioactivity determined in blood samples taken sequentially over 8 hr. Two week later an iv dose of isotope (25 muCi) was administered and a plasma disappearance curve was constructed. Absorption was calculated by computer analysis of appearance and disappearance curves using a deconvolution programme. Mean absorption in five normal subjects was 61% (range 41 to 79%). In three subjects given food with, or 1 hr before the isotope, absorption was delayed and reduced to less than 20% of the oral dose at 8 hr. This test of zinc absorption is simple to perform and, because the isotope has a short half-life, has the advantage of subjecting patients to only limited radiation. PMID- 7361708 TI - The effect of energy intake on nitrogen content of weight gained by recovering malnourished infants. PMID- 7361709 TI - 20th annual meeting, The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc. Washington, D.C., May, 1980. Abstracts. PMID- 7361711 TI - Cellular estrogen and progesterone receptors in mammary carcinoma. AB - Cellular estrogen and progesterone receptors of human mammary cancer in cryostat frozen sections were studied simultaneously. The receptor tracers used were a mixture of 17 beta-estradiol-6-carboxymethyl oxime-bovine serum albumin fluorescein isothiocyanate and 11 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin-tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate conjugate. After incubation with the tracers, the estrogen-binding sites manifested apple-green, and the progesterone-binding sites manifested orange-red fluorescence when examined with a fluorescence microscope equipped with appropriate filters. The findings indicate that most estrogen-receptor-positive epithelial cells, benign or malignant, of the mammary glands contain a significant number of progesterone receptor sites. Incorporation of a fluorescent progesterone conjugate into the histochemical reagent may help to confirm the existence of an operative receptor system in the cancer cells. PMID- 7361710 TI - Pathologic findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (protocol no. 4). VI. Invasive papillary cancer. AB - Although papillary forms of intraductal cancer are a common component of amny mammary cancers, invasive papillary cancer of the breast is relatively rare. Only 35 examples were encountered in the specimens obtained from 1603 women participating in a prospective randomized study of invasive mammary cancer. Contingency-table analysis disclosed that invasive papillary cancer, as opposed to the non-papillary histologic types, is significantly more likely to show circumscription, cytoplasmic oxyphilia, microcalcification, intermediate histologic grade, moderate or marked mucin and an intraductal component of papillary type. Although patients who have invasive papillary cancer are frequently judged by clinical criteria to have regional nodal metastases, in pathologic analysis these metastases are not commonly found and, if present, involve fewer than four nodes. There is a significant frequency of marked sinus histiocytosis in regional nodes. The lesion occurs with a significantly high frequency among non-Caucasian and postmenopausal women. Only three patients with invasive papillary cancer experienced treatment failure after five years of observation. Life-table probabilities showed that the treatment failure rate was significantly lower for the group of patients who had any other histologic type, and in this regard invasive papillary cancer was similar to the tubular and mucinous varieties. Although apocrine metaplasia, fibrous supporting stalks and cellular differentiation have been espoused as important criteria distinguishing intraductal papi-loma from intraductal cancer, these features were also not uncommonly observed in the examples of invasive papillary cancer studied. It is concluded that invasive papillary cancer represents a unique histologic type of invasive mammary cancer attendant with a favorable prognosis. PMID- 7361712 TI - Nuclear uptake of a 17 beta-estradiol-fluorescein derivative as a marker of estrogen dependence. AB - 17-Fluorescein-labeled estradiol was prepared by linkage of fluorescein isothiocyanate through a succinamide-ethyl-amine chain to the 17 position of 17 beta-estradiol. This compound, N-fluoresceino-N'[17 beta-(estradiol hemisuccinamido)-ethyl]-thiourea, displaced tritiated estradiol from purified estrogen-receptor protein and readily crossed intact cellular membranes. In female rats, in-vivo injection was followed by nuclear labeling of endometrium, whereas nuclear labeling of non-target tissue was absent. Temperature-dependent nuclear transfer could be visualized directly by fluorescent microscopy when human estradiol target tissue (mammary and proliferative endometrium) was incubated in vitro with the compound. Temperature-dependent nuclear labeling was not present in human non-target tissue, including skeletal muscle, skin, stomach, colon, appendix, and lung, after in-vitro incubation. Temperature-dependent nuclear labeling with the compound was inhibited by estradiol and mixtures of natural and synthetic estrogens. A significant positive correlation of the presence of nuclear labeling in human mammary cancer was obtained with standard dextran-coated charcoal radioligand assay for estradiol receptor. Unlike radiologand assay and cytochemical assays, nuclear uptake of the fluorescein labeled estradiol appears to require an intact estradiol-receptor mechanism. PMID- 7361714 TI - Immunohistologic study of blood group substances in polyps of the distal colon. Expression of a fetal antigen. AB - Forty-four polyps and 14 adenocarcinomas of the left colon from 28 patients were studied for the presence of blood group substances of the A, B system, using the method of specific erythrocytic adherence. Forty-one percent of all polyps and 57% of all cancers were found to have reactivity for blood group substances. Fifty-four percent of villous adenomas (seven of 13), 39% of tubular adenomas (five of 13), 14% of mixed tubulovillous adenomas (one of seven), and no hyperplastic polyps (zero of four) showed reactivity for blood group substances. Lesional blood group substance reactivity, when present, was the same as that for the patient's own blood group type, with the exception of two patients of B blood group type, whose lesions had A-blood group substance reactivity. Cytologic atypia showed no correlation with the presence of blood group substances. Polyps with blood group substance reactivity were seen more frequently in patients with cancer. Twelve patients had both a cancer and a polyp studied, with both polyp and cancer showing similar blood group substance reactivity for nine of these patients. A, B, H-blood group substances in the left colon are normally absent in the adult and present only in the fetus. The reappearance of these fetal antigens in both polyps and cancers adds immunologic evidence to the theory that colonic adenocarcinoma evolves through a polyp-cancer sequence. PMID- 7361713 TI - Estrogen receptor protein. Stability of 8S molecular form in frozen cytosols and practical criteria for its confirmation. AB - Estrogen receptor has been used in determining the efficacy of endocrine therapy in mammary tumors. Complete study of a tumor usually requires two procedures, a dextran-coated charcoal method for measuring binding capacity and binding affinity and a sucrose density procedure for confirmation of 8S protein, both of which are time consuming and expensive. A stability study of the 8S and 4S molecular forms in frozen cytosols at 24 hours, 48 hours, and one week was conducted. Some loss of these, forms after storage was evident, but in all cytosols studied, the two distinct forms could still be identified. Using a group of 100 tumor samples analyzed by both methods, practical criteria for determining when the 8S molecular form should be confirmed by a sucrose density gradient on the frozen cytosol have been formulated. PMID- 7361715 TI - Evaluation of three methods for the measurement of urea nitrogen in serum as used on six instruments. AB - The authors compared three urea nitrogen methods using six instruments: (1) the diacetyl monoxime method used with a continuous flow analyzer Sequential Multiple Analyzer Model 4 + 2; (2) the diacetyl monoxime method used with an older continuous flow analyzer (Sequential Multiple Analyzer Model 6/60; (3) the diacetyl monoxime method used with a third continuous flow system, AutoAnalyzer Model I; (4) the urease-conductivity method performed on the Beckman System I; (5) the urease-glutamate dehydrogenase method performed on the DuPont Automatic Clinical Analyzer; (6) the urease-glutamate dehydrogenase method done on a centrifugal analyzer, CentrifiChem. We evaluated each method for the following: (1) within-run precision; (2) between-day precision; (3) linearity of the relationship between concentration and instrument output; (4) specificity; (5) carry-over; (6) comparison of urea nitrogen values for samples from patients. PMID- 7361716 TI - Clinical laboratory proficiency test performance. Its relationship to structural, process and environmental variables. AB - This comparative analysis of clinical laboratories was intended to develop a more quantitative understanding of environmental, structural, and process variables and their relationships to the quality of laboratory services. The quality of laboratory services was defined as analytic capability demonstrated on proficiency-test specimens of the College of American Pathologists. Independent variables describing the laboratory environment, as well as structural and process aspects of management, were obtained from management reports, staffing records, and workload reports. Although correlations between the eight proficiency testing indices and the independent variables were generally low, a number of significant correlates were evident in three areas: bacteriology, parasitology, and qualitative hematology. Environmental variables describing organizational size were related to proficiency, as were variables dealing with accreditation by the College of American Pathologists and time accredited by the College of American Pathologists. The education and experience of personnel and the percentage of specialized supervisors were related to proficiency-testing success in bacteriology and parasitology. Empirical evidence suggests that the size of the laboratory indirectly affects proficiency in these three tested areas. Presumably, this relationship is mediated through specialization of work and reinforcement of learning. Few significant correlates were evident in the five remaining areas tested: chemistry, quantitative hematology, blood bank, immunology, and syphilis serology. Despite the concentration of personnel resources and other assets in larger laboratories, size appeared to have no effect on proficiency-testing performance in these five areas. PMID- 7361717 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen levels in malignant pleural fluids obtained from patients with mammary cancer. AB - The clinical usefulness of the carcinoembryonic antigen test for defining the malignant origin of pleural fluids obtained from patients who have mammary cancer was evaluated. Of 57 malignant pleural fluids obtained from 51 patients who had mammary cancer, 31 (54.4%) demonstrated a significantly elevated carcinoembryonic antigen content: the ratio of pleural fluid to serum carcinoembryonic antigen values ranged from .24 to 3.55; whereas for 14 of 23 patients who had normal levels of both serum and pleural fluid carcinoembryonic antigen, the ratio ranged from 0.25 to 2.30. This study indicates that the pleural fluid carcinoembryonic antigen value may be significantly elevated in only 50-60% of mammary cancer patients having documented malignant pleural fluids, and that the pleural fluid to serum carcinoembryonic antigen ratio is of no value in defining the malignant origin of pleural fluids obtained from these patients. PMID- 7361718 TI - Serum caffeine half-lives. Healthy subjects vs. patients having alcoholic hepatic disease. AB - Results are presented describing serum caffeine half-lives for three healthy subjects and two patients having alcoholic hepatic disease. The mean serum caffeine half-life for the healthy subjects was 5.7 hours. One patient, a 35-year old man who had alcoholic hepatic disease, had a serum half-life of 60 hours. The other patient, a 49-year-old woman having alcoholic hepatic disease had a serum half-life of 168 hours. The prolonged serum half-lives for the two patients are explained on the basis of compromised liver function. The serum half-life of caffeine was determined for the three healthy subjects when 25 mg diazepam was given one hour prior to the caffeine load. A significant difference was not found between the serum half-lives measured after diazepam was given and the serum half life measured when diazepam was not given. PMID- 7361719 TI - Serum immunoglobulin levels in patients having sickle cell syndromes. AB - Serum immunoglobulin concentrations were measured for 44 patients who had sickle cell syndromes and for 19 normal black individuals. Most patients who had sickle cell syndrome had significantly elevated IgA levels. In addition, patients who had sickle cell anemia had elevated IgG levels, and patients who had sickle-beta Thalassemia or other sickle combinations (SC, SD, SO) had significantly elevated IgM levels. None of these patients had a monoclonal gammopathy. The elevated immunoglobulin levels could be the result of chronic reticuloendothelial stimulation by chronic extravascular hemolysis or by potentiation by the inflammation secondary to cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. The reason patients with sickle cell anemia do not have increased IgM levels could be due to their functional asplenia. PMID- 7361720 TI - pH, PCO2 and PO2 in "high-volume" platelet concentrates prepared by discontinuous flow centrifugation and stored in polyvinylchloride and plyethylene containers. AB - High-volume (200 ml) platelet concentrates prepared by discontinuous-flow centrifugation, with counts as high as ca. 2.0 x 10(12)/l, were stored in either 600 ml-capacity polyvinylchloride bags or 800-ml capacity polyethylene bags. Both polyvinylchloride and polyethylene bags appeared adequate for 24-hour storage of platelet concentrates with counts greater than 0.5 x 10(12)/l. However, at 24 hours the platelet concentrates in polyvinylchloride bags showed a reduction in pH and an increase in PCO2 that were proportional to the platelet count. Only with storage in polyethylene bags did the pH and PCO2 of the platelet concentrates show little change for periods of as long as 120 hours. PMID- 7361722 TI - A quality-control system for the general urinalysis laboratory. AB - Sixteen quality-control products were prepared for general urinalysis testing. Empirically derived formulations simulating the variety found in clinical material monitored the routine analyses for pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketone, and hemoglobin. Formalin-fixed erythrocytes, leukocytes, casts, crystals, and other particulates were added for qualitative identification of the formed sediment. Analytic results outside of the acceptable range were often due to errors in technic or subjective interpretation; re-education of individual personnel was followed by a decrease in the error rate over the first five months of the program. PMID- 7361721 TI - Factor X assays using chromogenic substrate S-2222. AB - Factor X was assayed using chromogenic substrate S-2222 for four patients with severe factor X deficiency and for nine patients with homozygous or heterozygous factor X Friuli disorder. Factor X Friuli disorder is characterized by the presence of an abnormal factor X that is normally activated by Russell's viper venom, but is not activated by tissue thromboplastins. The levels of factor X found in factor X deficiency varied between 2 and 10% of normal and therefore were higher than those found in the same plasmas using "clotting" methods (1% or less than 1% of normal). The levels of factor X found in homozygous factor X Friuli patients varied between 4 and 11% of normal, and therefore were practically identical to those found by means of clotting methods that employed tissue thromboplastins (7-9% of normal). These values were definitely lower than those obtained using a Russell's viper venom and cephalin mixture as thromboplastin (82-92%). A similar pattern was observed for patients heterozygous for the abnormality. These findings indicate that "amidolytic" methods are not necessarily identical to clotting methods. Furthermore, they indicate that substrate S-2222 is not specific for factor X. PMID- 7361723 TI - Partial peroxidase deficiency in neutrophils and eosinophils associated with neurologic disease. Histochemical, cytochemical and biochemical studies. AB - Partial peroxidase deficiency was discovered by means of automated continuous flow cytochemistry (Hemalog D) in the neutrophils and eosinophils of a patient admitted for evaluation of the gradual onset of intellectual deterioration. Wright's stain and routine benzidine peroxidase reaction on peripheral blood smears showed a normal differential count and peroxidase activity, respectively, but smears stained for peroxidase using 4-chloro-1-naphthol, the reagent used in Hemalog D, showed absence of enzymatic activity in neutrophils and eosinophils. Electron microscopy using the Graham-Karnovsky diamino-benzidine method confirmed these findings, demonstrating a new pattern of peroxidase deficiency in which a decreased number of peroxidase-positive granules were found in all neutrophils and, surprisingly, also in eosinophils. Bio-chemical studies also showed that the apparent deficiency is due to an abnormal proportion of "insoluble" peroxidase. These results and the clinical findings for the patient are consistent with the diagnosis of ceroid lipofuscinosis (Kuf's disease). PMID- 7361724 TI - Multicentric giant lymph node hyperplasia. A hyperimmune syndrome with a rapidly progressive course. AB - A patient who had diffuse lymph node enlargement, fever, skin rashes, anemia and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia is described. Histologic examination of lymph nodes taken from different sites (cervical, axillary and inguinal) revealed the presence of giant lymph node hyperplasia. The liver and bone marrow showed a moderate lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration. The clinical presentation of a multicentric variety of giant lymph node hyperplasia in the reported case is similar to the clinical features usually associated with angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia, indicating that these two disorders may be related and may affect the same organs and systems. Alternatively, this histologic reactive giant lymph node hyperplasia progressing with a rapid declivitous course can be considered distinctive of a separate entity. PMID- 7361725 TI - A papillary adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis in a young girl. A light- and electron-microscopic study. AB - An unusual primary papillary renal pelvic tumor associated with calcareous uropathy was found in a young girl and was diagnosed, using light microscopy, as a papillary adenocarcinoma; electron microscopy showed similarities between the tumor-cell type and the cells normally found lining the collecting tubules or ducts of Bellini. The patient has been free of recurrence over a five year follow up period. PMID- 7361727 TI - Transient deficiency of antihemophilic factor (AHF) procoagulant and AHF-like antigen during administration of tetracycline. AB - A 35-year old woman showed a transient reduction in level of both moieties of antihemophilic factor (AHF; factor VIII, AHG), following the accidental administration of oral tetracycline. This effect could be reproduced under controlled conditions. No anti-AHF antibodies nor antibodies against tetracycline could be demonstrated. It is suspected that the antibiotic temporarily suppressed the biosynthesis of the AHF procoagulant and AHF-like antigen. PMID- 7361730 TI - Non-encapsulated sclerosing lesion of the breast. PMID- 7361726 TI - Type I dyserythropoietic anemia. A 30-year follow-up. AB - Dyserythropoietic anemias are extremely rare disorders which often are misdiagnosed as megaloblastic anemia, DiGuglielmo's syndrome, refractory sideroblastic anemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, or other hemolytic anemias. Dyserythropoietic anemia is now subclassified into four types, designated Types I through IV, depending upon light and ultrastructural morphology, erythrocyte immunology, and the course of the disease. This report details the findings in a case of Type I dyserythropoietic anemia that represented a puzzling case of anemia for over 30 years. Many modes of drug therapy, as well as splenectomy, were not helpful. Interestingly, the family history was non-contributory. A brief review of the literature dealing with dyserythropoietic anemia is included. PMID- 7361728 TI - Adrenal myelolipoma associated with Cushing's disease. AB - An 18-year-old man with a history of Cushing's disease was treated with a total right and a near total left adrenalectomy in 1956. Pathologic examination of the operative specimen revealed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. After 13 years, recurrence of symptoms of cortisol excess necessitated cobalt irradiation to the pituitary, which was without clinical effect. After an initial response to the adrenolytic agent, o,p'-DDD, partial relapse occurred. At this time, the recognition of an abdominal mass prompted abdominal exploration revealing a huge adrenal myelolipoma containing adrenal cortical cells distributed diffusely throughout the tumor. Symptoms of adrenal insufficiency developed, and adrenal steroid secretion did not respond to exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone postoperatively. The case illustrates that adrenal myelolipomas may become very large with continued stimulation by adrenocorticotropic hormone, may contain significant amounts of adrenal cortical tissue, and may be associated with clinical hypercortisolism. PMID- 7361729 TI - Mycetoma caused by microsporum audouinii. First reported case. AB - A 25-year-old black man had generalized tinea corporis for 19 years and had associated subcutaneous mycotic granuloma of the scalp and nape of the neck for 17 years. The dermatophyte from the skin was identified as Microsporum audouinii and responded to oral griseofulvin treatment. Biopsy specimens of the subcutaneous nodules revealed yellowish granules containing masses of irregularly septated hyaline hyphae with frequent vesicles. This fungus differed only in gross colonial morphology from the M. audouinii isolated from the skin and has also been identified as M. audouinii. The subcutaneous nodules were treated and controlled by amphotericin B and are still under treatment. PMID- 7361731 TI - The many advantages of direct microfocus roentgenographic magnification in pediatric radiology. A portable X-ray machine with a uniquely different X-ray tube. PMID- 7361732 TI - Sexual abuse of boys. AB - In a retrospective review of 145 sexually abused children, 11% were male. The boys were more likely to be assaulted in a public place than were girls, and boys were more prone to physical injury. The relationship of the perpetrator to the child was similar for boys and girls as was the age of the children. This study emphasizes the existence of boys as victims of sexual abuse. PMID- 7361735 TI - Renal venous thrombosis in neonates. Initial and follow-up abnormalities. AB - Five neonates with renal venous thrombosis (RVT) were studied at the onset of the disease, and four have been followed up for from 24 to 32 months after the time of diagnosis. Reduced glomerular filtration (two of four cases) on follow-up occurred only in infants with bilateral abnormalities as shown by results of physical examination, urography, renal scan, and angiography. Results of contrast studies showed the similarity between resolved RVT and certain congenital renal abnormalities. Renal tubular defects (polyuria, acidosis, hyperkalemia) constituted the primary clinical abnormalities in one of the two infants with renal insufficiency. Although the prognosis of RVT after medical management has improved, the ultimate outcome is unknown; the possibility of unsuspected neonatal RVT should be considered during investigation of children with unilaterally or bilaterally small kidneys. PMID- 7361733 TI - A syndrome of infantile CNS degeneration. AB - We describe six patients from five families, who have a syndrome that, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported. The syndrome is characterized by growth failure, ophthalmoplegia, optic atrophy, choreoathetosis, areflexia, hypotonia, dysmorphic facies, and severe mental and motor retardation. Some of the children also had microcephaly and seizures. The clinical course is remarkably uniform and slowly progressive. The abnormalities first noted are delayed psychomotor development and poor weight gain, and the others all develop within the first three years of life. The syndrome seems to be hereditary. Extensive laboratory investigation has not yielded an etiology. Until pathologic material is available, the disorder remains a syndrome and the diagnosis is established by the unique combination of neurological abnormalities. PMID- 7361734 TI - Heart failure in cystic fibrosis. Treatment and prognosis of cor pulmonale with failure of the right side of the heart. AB - Failure of the right side of the heart with cardiac dilation and fluid retention occurred in 55 of 170 patients who died of cystic fibrosis; six patients survive. All had severe hypoxia, but 24% had normal PaCO2. Cardiac catheterization showed high mean pulmonary artery pressure and resistance. Pulmonary artery wedge pressure was greater than 12 mm Hg in 40% of the patients. Mean survival was eight months. Male survival was significantly better than female survival. Digitalis treatment was of no clear benefit. Tolazoline hydrochloride was also ineffective. Recent medical advances have not substantially affected prognosis. PMID- 7361736 TI - Campomelic dysplasia. Further elucidation of a distinct entity. AB - Campomelic dysplasia is a distinct entity that should not be confused with other conditions associated with congenital bowing of the long bones. Evidence suggests that some affected males have female external genitalia, and vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes. Examination of a newly reported sibling pair has increased support for autosomal recessive inheritance in campomelic dysplasia. PMID- 7361737 TI - Lip pits, cleft lip and/or palate, and congenital heart disease. AB - Three individuals in whom lip pits and cleft lip and/or cleft palate were found in association with congenital heart disease are described. These individuals did not have the characteristics of previously delineated syndromes in which lip pits occur, including Vanderwoude syndrome, popliteal pterygium syndrome, and orodigitofacial dysostosis. Literature review failed to show any previously reported cases in which pits were observed in association with congenital heart disease. PMID- 7361738 TI - Topically applied testosterone and phallic growth. Its effects in male children with hypopituitarism and microphallus. AB - Topical application of 5% testosterone cream for 21 days resulted in enlargement of the penis to normal size for age in five boys with normal XY karyotype who had microphallus and hypopituitarism. In four patients, testosterone cream was applied locally to the penis and in one to an area of skin in the right axilla. Serum testosterone values rose from infantile levels before the start of therapy to normal adult male levels on the last day of treatment. All patients were receiving human growth hormone at the time of therapy with testosterone. No additional acceleration of linear growth and no advance in osseous maturation occurred during or after treatment. Application of testosterone locally for this brief period is a safe, effective, and simple means of stimulating phallic growth. Our findings suggest that topical testosterone causes penile growth predominantly through its systemic action. PMID- 7361739 TI - Are we in the midst of a revolution? PMID- 7361740 TI - Hygroma (cystic lymphangioma): diagnosis by ultrasound. PMID- 7361741 TI - Isolated growth hormone deficiency and cystic fibrosis: a report of two cases. PMID- 7361742 TI - Hodgkin's disease as epitrochlear adenopathy. PMID- 7361744 TI - Amantadine for severe influenza A pneumonia in infancy. PMID- 7361743 TI - Congenital miliary tuberculosis proved by open lung biopsy specimen and successfully treated. PMID- 7361746 TI - Pediatrics and record-keeping. PMID- 7361747 TI - Epidemiologic nomenclature for hepatitis B virus transmission. PMID- 7361745 TI - Lidocaine ingestion. PMID- 7361748 TI - Comparison of the proportionate mortality ratio and standardized mortality ratio risk measures. PMID- 7361749 TI - Illness after influenza vaccination reported through a nationwide surveillance system, 1976-1977. AB - In 1976, the Center for Disease Control coordinated nationwide surveillance for illnesses after influenza vaccination as part of an effort to vaccinate the nation against influenza A/New Jersey/76. For the 48,161,019 persons vaccinated in 1976, a total of 4733 reports of illness were received which included reports of 223 deaths. When Guillain-Barre syndrome was reported in vaccine recipients, an investigation was begun to examine this possible association. Other than the Guillain-Barre syndrome and rare cases of anaphylaxis, no serious illnesses were causally associated with influenza vaccination by this type of surveillance. Widespread underreporting of illness and death in the passive phase of this surveillance system, however, impaired the ability to draw conclusions about reactions to vaccine from the reports of illness received. PMID- 7361751 TI - Is ABH nonsecretor status a risk factor for obstructive lung disease? AB - In a multidisciplinary study of risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a significantly more impairment of forced expiration was observed in ABH nonsecretors than in ABH secretors among 1017 white adults. (ABH refers to the "A" and "B" antigens of the ABO blood group system and "H", the heterogenetic substance which is found in persons of all ABO types including type "O".) Nonsecretors had significantly lower mean values of forced expiratory volume in one second as a percentage of forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%) and a significantly larger proportion of them had aberrant values, defined as FEV1/FVC% less than 68. These differences remained when mean values or rates of aberrancy were adjusted for other factors reported to alter risk of airway obstruction. In view of the known COPD-peptic ulcer and nonsecretor-duodenal ulcer associations, these findings suggest that the ability to secrete ABH antigens into secretions of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract may have a protective effect on epithelialized organs in general, or on the lung and portions of the gut specifically. PMID- 7361750 TI - Maternal and antenatal factors in the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. AB - The prenatal course, labor and delivery of 90 mothers of infants who died of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) in Connecticut from 1974 through 1976 were studied by hospital chart reviews. Charts of 90 pair-matched controls whose infants survived the first year of life were also examined. Significant associations were found between SIDS and: 1) maternal age under 20 years, 2) later initial prenatal visit, 3) maternal blood type O, 4) reported conditions during the pregnancy. The racial distribution of the infants of the study population differed significantly from the distribution of births in Connecticut during these years, with a higher than expected proportion of blacks among the case infants. Male infants in the study population outnumbered females three to two, and cases weighed an average of 430 grams less than controls at birth. PMID- 7361752 TI - Electrical wiring configurations and childhood leukemia in Rhode Island. AB - The study of the relationship between childhood leukemia and electric power line configurations in the greater Denver, Colorado, area by Wertheimer and Leeper (Am J Epidemiol 109:273-284, 1979) was repeated in Rhode Island, focusing on leukemia (age at onset, 0-20 years; year of onset, 1964-1978). The addresses of 119 leukemia patients and 240 controls were studied by mapping power lines within 50 yards (45.72 m) of each residence. The shortest distance between each power line and the point of the residence closest to it was found; the number and types of wires in each power line were noted. Exposure weights were assigned each type of wire using Wertheimer and Leeper's median field strength reading for each. Assuming that the strength of the field decreases with the square of the distance from its source, and that fields generated by different wires grouped in the same power line are simply additive, a summary value of relative exposure was calculated for each address. Quartile exposure values for controls were used to group patient exposures. Contrary to Wertheimer and Leeper's results, no relationship was found between leukemia and electric power line configurations. PMID- 7361755 TI - Skin melanoma and seasonal patterns. AB - While laboratory experiments have never proved that solar ultraviolet radiation (UV-B) causes skin melanoma, epidemiological research has strongly suggested that this is the case. Monthly patterns of the solar radiation which reaches the earth's surface show that the greatest intensities of UV-B occur during the summer months. This study uses first-order harmonics (sine curve models) to analyze the monthly incidence of skin melanoma in the United States and to test for seasonal patterns. The association between occurrence of melanoma and the degree of solar insolation may provide new insight into the mechanics of the biologic action spectrum and the dose-response relationships suspected for this disease. Does short term, high intensity UV-B promote tumor development? Using data from the Third National Cancer Survey (1969-1971), seasonal patterns for whites were studied in detail by anatomic site, sex, age and geographic region. Overall, a strong seasonal pattern with summertime peak was observed for females. This was most pronounced for women under age 55 years, and for women of all ages with melanomas of the upper and lower extremities. Among men, a seasonal pattern with summertime peak was observed only for melanomas of the upper extremities. From the data available, it is difficult to determine if the seasonal patterns of melanoma result from the promoting effects of UV-B exposure or from enhanced recognition during the summer months. PMID- 7361753 TI - Sex of first child as a prognostic factor for breast cancer in young women. AB - In a study in upstate New York, incidence and survival rates of 317 young women (less than 45 years), diagnosed with breast cancer, were examined in relation to the sex of each woman's first offspring. While incidence of breast cancer was not found to be affected by the sex of the first child, prognosis was poorer when the first child was made (p less than 0.05). The authors examined the effect of stage at diagnosis, interval between first pregnancy and diagnosis and concurrent pregnancy at the time of diagnosis as factors other than sex of first offspring that might have an additional influence on survival. Among these, only interval had an effect, and it was of weak statistical significance (0.05 less than p less than 0.1). These findings regarding survival in relation to the sex of the offspring are opposite to those reported recently in France by Juret et al. (Lancet 1:415-416, 1978). Possible differences between the two studies which may account for the opposite findings are discussed. PMID- 7361754 TI - Family history of breast cancer as a risk indicator for the disease. AB - Family history of breast cancer was examined among 1159 women who themselves had breast cancer and among 11,590 control subjects in a retrospective case-control study conducted in 1976 among a sample of female nurses in the United States. Having a mother with breast cancer increased a woman's risk of developing the disease by 80%, while having a sister with such a history increased the risk by 150%. Adjustment for potential confounding variables by logistic regression analysis did not alter these estimates appreciably. Both these associations were stronger at younger ages of onset of cancer, and in a positive maternal history was correlated with a larger increase in risk in women who menstruated for more than 35 years. PMID- 7361756 TI - Geographic patterns in county mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases. AB - Age-adjusted mortality rates for coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVA) were calculated for over 3000 counties in the contiguous United States. Rates were for 35-74-year-old white males and white females for years 1968-1971. Maps by cause and sex displayed patterns similar to those found in 1950 and 1960. For CHD, rates were highest in the southeastern United States while lowest rates were in the Plains and mountain regions. CVA rates for males followed a similar pattern but rates for females showed little clustering. Quantitative assessment was done using a multiple linear regression to predict mortality rates by the latitude, longitude and altitude of the population centroid of the counties. Approximately 30% of the variance was explained for CHD rates for males and females. However, less than 10% of the variance for CVA rates for females could be explained by the final regression equations. Longitude was the largest and most consistent contributor to the regression equations. Variables correlated with longitude in the United States should be considered for possible association with cardiovascular mortality rates. PMID- 7361758 TI - Parity and blood pressure among four race-stress groups of females in Detroit. AB - Blood pressures (BPs) of 755 Detroit, Michigan, area females have been analyzed in relation to parity, race and residential stress. Mean BP values have been adjusted by standard methods of covariance analysis for differing effects of age and body size among various groups being compared. Adjusted systolic and diastolic BPs are found to be significantly different for black and white females. A residential stress effect is also seen for systolic BP among white females. However, none of the regression relationships between BP and parity is found to be significant in the race-stress groups included in the study. Thus, neither the consideration of race and stress nor adjustments for age and body size appear to add new information to the complex subject of BP as it relates to childbearing. PMID- 7361757 TI - Cancer in children of parents exposed to hydrocarbon-related industries and occupations. AB - Recent animal and human studies suggest that prenatal exposure to carcinogens may increase the risk of childhood malignancy. The Texas Childhood Cancer Study (1976 1977) was designed to test the hypothesis that parental exposure to hydrocarbon related occupations or industries increases this risk. The study subjects, parents of children with and without cancer, were questioned about their job histories. Parents of 296 children with cancer were not exposed to hydrocarbon related occupations or industries more often than the uncles and aunts of these children, the parents of neighborhood children, or the parents of 283 children without cancer. During the year before birth, odds ratios for fathers of children seen at a hematology clinic with cancer relative to the uncles of these children (0.93), the fathers of neighborhood children (1.33), and the fathers of children seen at the clinic without cancer (0.50) were not statistically significantly different from 1.00 (p greater than 0.05). This lack of association persisted for the year after birth, the year before diagnosis, and the interval from the year before birth to the year of diagnosis; for different diagnoses; for different ages at diagnosis; and for the industries and occupations of female as well as male parents. PMID- 7361759 TI - A test for detection of clustering over time. AB - The use of the scan statistic in testing for clustering in time is discussed with particular reference to a reported clustering of trisomies in spontaneous abortions in New York City. The scan statistic is the maximum number of observed cases in an interval of preselected length, as the interval is allowed to scan, or slide along, the time frame of interest. A table of the lower tail of the distribution of this statistic is given. PMID- 7361760 TI - HLA and the inheritance of multiple sclerosis: linkage analysis of 72 pedigrees. AB - Linkage analysis of 72 pedigrees by the maximum-likelihood method provides evidence of linkage between HLA and the hypothesized multiple sclerosis susceptibility gene (MSSG) for both the dominant and recessive models of inheritance and for penetrance values ranging from 5%--65% (or higher). This MSSG, if it exists, is most likely located at 15%--20% recombination units from the HLA complex, probably on the B-D side. The analysis also shows that there is no heterogeneity in the estimates of linkage, and lod scores are not artifically inflated because of the association of multiple sclerosis (MS) with HLA-B7. PMID- 7361762 TI - Absence of red cell glutamic-pyruvate transaminase: discovery of a "silent" allele homozygote. AB - An individual with complete absence of red blood cell glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activity has been discovered in a South African family of Lebanese origin. The subject, who also shows a low level of serum GPT, appears to be perfectly healthy. His children, all obligatory heterozygotes for the GPT0 allele, have lower than average levels of the red cell enzyme. An apparent instance of anomalous segregation of red cell GPT resulting from the inheritance of the GPT0 allele was recorded in one of the proband's grandchildren. PMID- 7361761 TI - Kinetic analysis of genetic complementation in heterokaryons of propionyl CoA carboxylase-deficient human fibroblasts. AB - We studied genetic complementation of propionyl CoA carboxylase (PCC) deficiency in cultures of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced heterokaryons, using mutant fibroblast lines assigned to five mutant classes, designated bio, pcc A, pcc B, pcc C, and pcc BC. By measuring PCC activity directly in extracts of fused cells or indirectly in intact cells by [1-14C]propionate utilization, we confirmed the nonlinear nature of the PCC deficiency complementation map described by Gravel et al. [1]. When we studied the kinetics of complementation, we detected three distinct patterns using the [1-14C]propionate utilization assay. When either pcc A or pcc C lines were fused to bio cells, 14C-fixation increased to half of the maximally restored values within 4 hrs. In pcc A x pcc C crosses or in pcc A x pcc B crosses, however, complementation was much slower. In fusions between pcc B and pcc C cells, a third pattern was elicited; complementation was incomplete, maximum restoration of PCC activity begin less than 20% of that observed in other complementing crosses. From these data and previous biochemical evidence, we suggest (1) that the bio and pcc mutations affect different genes; (2) that complementation between pcc A and either pcc B, pcc C, or pcc BC lines is intergenic and involves subunit exchange and synthesis of new PCC molecules; and (3) that complementation between pcc B and pcc C mutants is interallelic. PMID- 7361763 TI - Schizophrenia: the systematic construction of genetic models. AB - Methods are described for the systematic construction of genetic models of schizophrenia with one, two, and four loci. All models are constrained to fit the following three parameters: (1) frequency of schizophrenia in the general population = 0.9%; (2) frequency of schizophrenia in the sibs of schizophrenics = 8%; and (3) frequency of "schizophrenic spectrum" in the sibs of schizophrenics = 15%. In addition, a fourth parameter, the frequency of the allele predisposing to schizophrenia, is freely variable. The problems of correcting for ascertainment bias, and of comparing and testing these genetic models, are discussed. PMID- 7361764 TI - Schizophrenia: the testing of genetic models by pedigree analysis. AB - Simulated pedigrees of schizophrenia generally show a clear peak in their likelihood surface corresponding to analysis by the genetic models, which served as the basis for the simulation. The likelihood surface obtained with real data permits determination of the allelic frequency and the selection of an optimal one-locus, two-locus, and four-locus model. These three models have certain features in common, notably, a relatively high frequency of the allele predisposing to schizophrenia (about 20%) and a relatively low index of genetic determination (23%--34%). However, direct likelihood comparisons do not permit distinctions between the one-locus, two-locus, and four-locus models. The most likely interpretation of this finding is that the etiology of schizophrenia is heterogeneous or even nongenetic. However, a simple model with a single completely recessive locus and incomplete penetrance in the homozygote also produces a flat likelihood surface closely resembling that obtained with the real data. With reservation, this single-locus model may be put forward as a potentially useful working hypothesis. PMID- 7361765 TI - Consanguinity analysis of congenital deafness in Northern Israel. AB - Consanguinity analysis of heterogeneous populations was performed on a group of 82 Israeli Jewish families with congenitally deaf probands, including 37 multiplex families with normal parents, 10 multiplex families with deaf parents, and 35 simplex families with deafness of unknown cause. Representative gene frequency was estimated as .0198, with two to four major gene loci per ethnic group. In both the simplex families and those with deaf parents, the only significant etiology found was homozygosity for pathologic recessive genes. Comparison of these findings in Israeli isolates with those in panmictic populations seems to imply that the genetic loci are not identical in the various isolates. PMID- 7361766 TI - Properties of fetal and adult red blood cell arginase: a possible prenatal diagnostic test for arginase deficiency. AB - Prenatal diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism has been possible only if the enzyme affected is expressed in amniotic fluid cells grown in culture. Arginase is essentially undetectable in normal human fibroblasts, amniotic fluid, and amniotic fluid cells but is present in high amounts in red blood cells. It is absent in the red blood cells of patients with liver arginase deficiency. The properties of the enzyme in the red cells of healthy children and adults were compared to those of the enzyme obtained from cord blood red cells of 13--20-week fetuses obtained at hysterotomy. The activities, heavy metal requirements, heat stability, pH optimum, kinetic properties, and reaction with anti-arginase antibody were examined. Both enzyme species were either identical or substantially similar by all criteria. The adult and fetal enzymes are, therefore, probably determined by the same structural gene. Fetal red cells obtained during amniocentesis and amnioscopy should then be a suitable tissue to use to make the prenatal diagnosis of arginase deficiency. PMID- 7361768 TI - Chronopharmacology: a therapeutic frontier. AB - Chronopharmacology, the study of time-dependent physiological response to drugs, and its relationship to current drug therapy are discussed. The objective of chronotherapy is to apply chronobiologic principles to the treatment of human disease. The appropriate patients for chronotherapy are those who are receiving high-risk drugs, who have a high-risk disease (e.g., cancer) or who are receiving a high-cost drug. Although little is known of the chronobiologic characteristics of many drugs or diseases, researchers should take into account the possible relationship of chronobiology to drug effects when designing therapeutic trials. Drug therapy can be optimized by tailoring dosing schedules and distribution systems to chronobiologic patterns. PMID- 7361767 TI - The Multinational Andean Genetic and Health Program. IX. Gene frequencies and rare variants of 20 serum proteins and erythrocyte enzymes in the Aymara of Chile. AB - Electrophoretic variants at 22 genetic loci in the Aymara, mestizo, and Spanish populations of northern Chile are presented, and their possible role in adaptation to hypoxic environments are discussed. Some apparently unique variants were found. PMID- 7361769 TI - Research methods for pharmaceutical practice. AB - The pharmacist's role in scientific research is discussed, and the sequential learning units for self-study of research methods are presented. These learning units will be developed in a 16-part continuing education series on research methods that will be supplemented by learning objectives, test items, and lists of supplementary readings. PMID- 7361770 TI - Using pharmacokinetics in drug therapy. VI: Comparing methods for dealing with nonlinear drugs like phenytoin. AB - Four methods for estimating dosage regimens for drugs exhibiting non-linear pharmacokinetic behavior (e.g., phenytoin) are described and compared. Estimations of phenytoin Vmax (maximum rate of drug metabolism) and Km (dissociation constant of drug-enzyme complex), and resulting dosage estimates arrived at by four methods were compared with values in six cases. All four methods provided pharmacokinetic estimates that shorten the period of dose titration and improve estimates of phentoin levels. Given a minimum amount of dose-versus-plasma-level data, all four methods provided reliable and comparable estimates of dosage regimens, although one method based on a nomogram sometimes estimated a narrower range of dosage regimens and plasma levels. When there is a potential for inaccuracy in the plasma-level-data, however, the estimated dosage regimens may be too unreliable for practical application. PMID- 7361771 TI - Pharmacists' notations in patients' charts. PMID- 7361774 TI - Patient-care unit system for measuring clinical and distributive pharmacy workload. AB - A time-weighted measurement of workload for distributive and clinical pharmaceutical services, the Patient-care Unit (PCU) System, is described. The Department of Pharmaceutical Services and the School of Pharmacy at the University of California, San Francisco, defines each patient-care pharmaceutical activity and assigns it a weighted value (WPCU) based on the time required to complete the activity. Manpower requirements are based on WPCUs and records of activities performed. Forty-two WPCUs have been defined. Based on these units, the PCU System permits (1) determination of pharmacy time devoted to distributive and clinical pharmaceutical services, (2) evaluation of staffing requirements for existing or proposed programs, (3) measurement of departmental productivity, and (4) comparison of pharmaceutical services offered in different hospitals. Applications and limitations of the PCU concept, which has been adopted by nine other hospitals, are discussed. The PCU System is a step toward development of a uniform workload reporting system for hospital pharmacies. PMID- 7361772 TI - Kinetic model for intravenous heparin infusion. PMID- 7361773 TI - Poisoning patients with intravenous theophylline. PMID- 7361777 TI - Design and implementation of a quality-assurance program for pharmaceutical services. AB - The design and implementation of a quality-assurance program for hospital pharmaceutical services provided by a hospital pharmacy management corporation, and the applications of this program to other hospitals are discussed. The quality-assurance program measures performance of the pharmacy department's multidisciplinary, drug distribution, sterile products, purchasing and inventory control, management, and clinical activities. Standards are defined for each area of pharmaceutical services, based on regulatory and professional standards. Each department's compliance with the quality-assurance standards is assessed annually using uniform report forms. Corrective actions are planned and implemented by the department's director based on the assessment. Consultation and peer review are provided by the management corporation. The quality-assurance program allows documentation and improvement of the quality of pharmaceutical services and assures a consistent level of services among hospitals. PMID- 7361775 TI - Influence of clinical pharmacist consultations on the use of drug blood level tests. AB - The effect of a controlled-ordering program (prior authorization by a clinical pharmacist) on the number and cost of drug blood level assays performed at the Truman Medical Center (Kansas City, MO) was studied. Drug assay orders for aminoglycosides, phenobarbital, phenytoin, quinidine, theophylline, salicylate, thiocyanate, and propranolol, laboratory costs, and hospital census were reviewed retrospectively. The programs compared were: (1) control (July to December 1977)- drug blood level assays were ordered at physicians' discretion, and (2) study (January 16, 1978 to January 15, 1979)--all pharmacokinetic assays had to be approved by a pharmacist. A significant (p less than 0.001) reduction in the number of assays performed per month (40%) and in the assay cost per month (44%) occurred during the study period. The program was estimated to save $12,086.61 annually. The policy of requiring pharmacist approval of drug assay orders reduced the improper use and cost of pharmacokinetic monitoring. PMID- 7361776 TI - Pharmacy service units: the evolution of a concept. AB - A decentralized pharmacy-team concept of delivering pharmaceutical services in a 719-bed hospital complex is described. The approach is called the Pharmacy Service Unit (PSU). Each PSU, which functions in the patient care areas, consists of a supervisor, two staff pharmacists, a technician specialist and a technician. Five PSUs provide daily 12-hour pharmaceutical services. Initial medication doses are provided from satellite stores maintained for each PSU; subsequent doses are dispensed from the central pharmacy in unit dose form. Other functions of the PSUs, including clinical and administrative responsibilities are described. The PSU concept has resolved previous logistical problems in the distribution of drugs at this hospital and has integrated the distributive, clinical and administrative roles of the pharmacists. PMID- 7361779 TI - Solubility and stability of phenytoin sodium when mixed with intravenous solutions. PMID- 7361778 TI - Audit of an oral anticoagulant teaching program. AB - Quality assurance criteria for a pharmacist-conducted oral anticoagulant teaching program were studied. The teaching program involved the presentation of descriptive diagrams accompanied by a reinforcing explanation given by a pharmacist. Topics discussed included clotting, warfarin therapy, diet and drug interactions. An audit, consisting of a pretest and posttest, was developed to measure patient knowledge as a measurement of the program's effectiveness. Forty ambulatory patients participated in the study over a three-month period. Before instruction, only five patients were adequately knowledgeable about all of the information components. After instruction, this number increased to 20 patients, and all 40 patients had a better knowledge of each topic. The audit revealed that the program's standards were not completely appropriate and that other methods of program delivery must be evaluated and implemented. PMID- 7361780 TI - Stability of frozen solutions of cefamandole nafate. AB - The chemical, microbiological and visual stability of frozen solutions of cefamandole nafate was studied. Solutions of cefamandole nafate were prepared by diluting 1 g of drug with 3 ml of Water for Injection, USP, or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, or 5% Dextrose Injection, USP (i.m. dilutions); or with 50 or 100 ml of the latter two diluents (i.v. dilutions). Stability of samples stored in glass and polyvinyl chloride plastic containers for up to 52 weeks at 10 and -20 C was measured by microbiologic, polarographic, iodometric, nephelometric and chromatographic assay and pH was measured. In mice, LD50 tests were performed using the i.m. dilutions. I.M. dilutions of cefamandole nafate were stable for 52 weeks when stored at -20 C; at -10 C, however, some samples did not freeze completely and were turbid when thawed. I.V. dilutions were stable for 26 weeks when stored at -20 C. I.V. dilutions with D5W stored at -10 C developed a transient haze. A gradual decrease in pH, which was a function of storage time, was noted for the frozen solutions. Six months of freezing did not alter the LD50 in mice. Solutions of cefamandole nafate are stable for at least 26 weeks when stored at -20 C in glass or PVC containers. PMID- 7361781 TI - Participating in the Legislative Alert System. PMID- 7361782 TI - Stability of fluorouracil in amber glass bottles. PMID- 7361784 TI - Poor absorption of an un-theophylline xanthine bronchodilator. PMID- 7361783 TI - Stability of oral solid drugs after repackaging in single-unit containers. PMID- 7361785 TI - N-Substituted theophylline derivatives. PMID- 7361786 TI - The effect of energy conservation regulations on drug stability: a theoretical consideration. PMID- 7361787 TI - Mistaken ingestion of camphorated oil for castor oil. PMID- 7361788 TI - Risk-benefit equation for erythromycin estolate. PMID- 7361789 TI - A new direction for the '80s: the college of pharmacy and allied health professions. PMID- 7361790 TI - Quality-control plan for intravenous admixture programs. I: Visual inspection of solutions and environmental testing. AB - Two components of a model quality-control plan for intravenous admixture services -a 100% visual inspection and an environmental testing program--were developed and evaluated in two hospitals. Visual inspections are recorded by technicians on two forms that detail the types of solution, container, and device defects that should be checked. One form covers stock solutions and supplies, and the other covers prepared solutions. The environmental testing program uses two forms to record performance and results of routine microbial monitoring. The detailed quality-control forms are presented. Procedures for handling defective items and contamination problems are discussed. Evaluation of the visual and environmental plans showed they provided a systematic, workable, and modest-cost method of assuring and documenting conditions in an i.v. admixture service. To assure competent preparation, use and distribution of high-quality i.v. solutions, both components of the quality-control system must be performed on a routine basis. PMID- 7361791 TI - Comparison of methods of estimating creatinine clearance in children. AB - The accuracy of seven previously available and two new methods of estimating creatinine clearance (Clcr) from serum creatinine (Scr) and other patient variables was studied in pediatric patients. The medical records of 122 patients, aged 1--18 years, who had one or more 24-hour urine creatinines determined were reviewed; 158 determinations were studied. Equations for estimating Clcr based on patients' Scr, age, height, total body mass (TBM), adjusted body mass (ABM), and body surface area (and derivatives of these variables) were analyzed by correlation and regression analysis. Of the two derived equations, the one based on height and Scr was the simplest and most accurate; a nomogram for this equation is presented. The correlation coefficient for this derived equation (r = 0.802) was equivalent to that found for the best of the seven published methods (Method 7, based on Scr and height). Substitution of ABM for TBM in the published methods reduced the mean differences between predicted and measured Clcr. The derived equation based on Scr and height appears to be clinically useful in predicting Clcr in children but further study is required to ascertain whether it is generally more accurate than Method 7. PMID- 7361792 TI - Stability of cefazolin sodium admixtures in plastic bags after thawing by microwave radiation. AB - The effect on antibiotic stability of thawing, with microwave radiation, cefazolin sodium admixtures frozen in polyvinyl chloride minibags was studied. Two brands of cefazolin sodium (Ancef and Kefzol) were reconstituted and placed in 50-, 100- and 250-ml polyvinyl chloride minibags of 5% dextrose in water or 0.9% sodium chloride. The resulting solutions were assayed for antibiotic stability, using an agar disk diffusion technique, and for pH. The solutions were then stored at -20 degrees C for 48 hours, thawed to room temperature in a microwave oven, and kept at room temperature for four hours, after which they were reassayed for potency and pH. The results indicated that after the freeze thaw process, the cefazolin sodium minibag admixtures retained at least 90% of their initial antimicrobial activity. The minimal pH changes could not be related to changes in antimicrobial activity, and no color changes could be detected visually. Using a microwave oven can greatly reduce thawing time of antibiotic admixtures. To maintain solution stability and prevent accidents, it is important to calibrate the oven, avoid solution overheating, and observe full precautions in oven operation. PMID- 7361793 TI - Assessing readability of patient information materials. AB - Four readability tests that can be used for evaluating the level of difficulty of patient drug information are described, and instructions for their use are given. Assessment of readability procedures are based on either word and sentence lengths (method 1) or word elimination from a standard list (method 2). The Flesch and Fog formulas (method 1) are suitable for determining readability levels from fifth or fourth grade, respectively, to college. The Fry readability graph (method 1) allows a quick estimation of readability levels between grade 1 and college. The Spache system (method 2), used for children's material, determines readability levels between grades 1 and 3. Using the Flesh formula, the readability levels of 111 patient-oriented brochures and pamphlets were assessed. Only 50% were written at or below the accepted standard of eighth-grade level. To fulfill its function, patient drug information should not exceed the reading level of the intended readers. The described tests provide relatively simple methods for assessing readability levels. PMID- 7361795 TI - Determining aminoglycoside dosage and blood levels using a programmable calculator. AB - A programmable calculator procedure for the determination of dosage regimens and steady-state peak and trough levels of aminoglycoside antibiotics is described. The calculator is programmed based on a one-compartment open model and first order elimination of aminoglycosides. A detailed description of the programs and user instructions are presented. The programs allow calculation of intermittent i.v. infusion dosage regimens and steady-state levels, and adjustment of dosage and dosing interval when measured plasma levels differ significantly from predicted levels. The calculator programs provide a rapid means of predicting and modifying dosage regimens and steady-state plasma levels for aminoglycoside antibiotics. PMID- 7361794 TI - Rectal thiopental versus an intramuscular cocktail for sedating children before computerized tomography. AB - The sedative effects of rectal thiopental sodium and an intramuscular cocktail of meperidine hydrochloride, chlorpromazine hydrochloride and promethazine hydrochloride were compared in 72 pediatric patients undergoing computerized tomography (CT). Pediatric patients scheduled were randomly assigned to receive either the i.m. cocktail (2.0 mg/kg of meperidine, 1.0 mg/kg of both chlorpromazine and promethazine) or 25--45 mg/kg of thiopental rectally before scanning. Side effects, and onset, duration and depth of sedation were recorded by 14 unblinded investigators. Clarity of CT scans was rated by two blinded radiologists. Additional doses of sedatives were administered as necessary. Sedation was not achieved in 3% of the thiopental group or in 14+ of the i.m. cocktail group. Additional sedatives were required by eight patients in the thiopental group and by five patients in the cocktail group. The mean time for onset of sedation was 8 minutes with thiopental and 18 minutes with the cocktail. The mean duration of sedation was 7 hours for the cocktail group and 2.75 hours for the 25-mg/kg rectal thiopental group. All scans were diagnostic (acceptable) in the rectal thiopental group, but 14% of those in the i.m. cocktail group were nondiagnostic. Rectal thiopental is an effective alternative to an i.m. cocktail for sedating children before CT scans and may reduce the number of nondiagnostic scans. PMID- 7361796 TI - Phenytoin toxicity and blood levels after a large oral dose. AB - The pharmacokinetics and side effects of a single oral 900-mg dose of phenytoin sodium were studied in six healthy men. Nine 100-mg phenytoin sodium capsules were administered with water to six fasting healthy men. Phenytoin plasma levels were measured by gas chromatography for up to 48 hours after dosing. Patients were observed and tested for gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and neurologic side effects. Peak total (bound and free) plasma phenytoin levels were within the therapeutic range (10--20 microgram/ml) for two subjects and close (not less than 8.39 microgram/ml) for the remaining four. Peak free drug levels were 1.01--1.60 microgram/ml. Time to reach total and free peak plasma levels was long and variable (6--14 hours and 2--10 hours, respectively). Phenytoin protein binding (11.9--13.6%) was relatively stable among patients and at various plasma levels. A few mild transient side effects were noted; most occurred within two to four hours after dosing. Sinus bradycardia and a shortened PR interval were noted in two patients but did not correlate with peak plasma phenytoin levels. It appears that an oral loading dose of phenytoin sodium may be useful in ambulatory patients but further study of its side effects is recommended. PMID- 7361797 TI - Effect of ascorbic acid on urine pH in patients with injured spinal cords. AB - The ability of ascorbic acid to lower urinary pH in patients with spinal cord injury and neurogenic bladder was studied. Ascorbic acid (1 g four times daily) or placebo was administered for five days in a double-blind, crossover study to 20 patients with spinal cord injury and neurogenic bladder. Urine pH was measured for two days before and during administration of placebo or ascorbic acid. The mean decrease in urinary pH with ascorbic acid was 0.58, but this reduction was not statistically or clinically significant. Only 7 of 20 patients showed a mean urine pH of 5.5 or less (acidic) during treatment with ascorbic acid. The study suggests that an ascorbic acid dosage of 1 g four times daily should not be used to maintain an acidic urinary pH for control of urinary tract infections in patients with spinal cord injuries. PMID- 7361798 TI - Palatability of sucrose-, sorbitol-, and saccharin-sweetened activated charcoal formulations. AB - The palatabilities of thickened activated charcoal formulations flavored with sucrose, sorbitol or saccharin sodium were compared. Three flavored activated charcoal formulations were prepared from a base of 25 g of activated charcoal, 1.5 g of carboxymethylcellulose, and 75 g of distilled water. The ratios of sweetener to activated charcoal were 1:1 for sucrose and sorbitol, and 1:20 for saccharin sodium. The palatabilities of the three flavored and one unflavored formulation were rated by 16 adults for taste, texture, ease of swallowing, and overall impression. No significant palatability differences were noted among the flavored mixtures, but all three flavored formulations were significantly more acceptable than the unflavored mixture (p less than 0.005). Saccharin sodium, sucrose, and sorbitol are suitable flavoring agents for activated charcoal slurries. Because saccharin sodium requires the smallest total volume to deliver a given quantity of activated charcoal, it has a distinct advantage over sucrose and sorbitol. PMID- 7361799 TI - Patient comprehension of written drug information. AB - The effect of the readability level of patient drug information materials on patient comprehension of and attitude toward the information was studied. The reading level of 108 outpatients at a Veterans Administration hospital who could read English, read type of normal size, and who were not receiving warfarin sodium was measured. Patients then were given, on a random basis, a warfarin drug monograph written on either the 5th- or 10th-grade level. To test comprehension, all subjects took a true-false test of recall written at the 5th-grade level. A significant relationship was found between comprehension and reading ability (p less than 0.001). Patients receiving the 5th-grade level monograph exhibited significantly better comprehension than those receiving the 10th-grade level material (p less than 0.001). As compared with those getting 10th-grade material, the group receiving the 5th-grade material had a more favorable perception of the level of difficulty, understandability, and clarity of the material. The study indicates that comprehension of written patient drug information can be improved by adjusting the readability of informational materials to the reading level of the patients. PMID- 7361801 TI - ASHP and ANA guidelines for collaboration of pharmacists and nurses in institutional care settings. PMID- 7361800 TI - Physician attitudes toward pharmacists counseling patients on adverse drug reactions. AB - The attitudes of physicians in a university teaching hospital toward pharmacist counseling of patients regarding adverse reactions to prescribed medications were studied. A questionnaire mailed to 120 physicians in each of the three groups affiliated with the Medical College of Virginia Hospitals (teaching faculty, house staff, and community practitioners with attending privileges) listed 56 potential adverse reactions associated with commonly prescribed medications in 13 therapeutic categories. For each physician group, half of the questionnaires pertained to inpatient and half to outpatient situations. The physicians were asked whether their patients should be informed about the possible reactions and, if so, if the physician alone, the pharmacist alone, or both should do the counseling. When "pharmacists only" and "both" data were combined for the 199 responses, over 50% of the respondents accepted pharmacists as patient counselors for all listed reactions except the three pertaining to antipsychotic agents. Class of medication significantly influenced attitude (p less than 0.05), with pharmacist participation in counseling being most acceptable for reactions involving anticoagulants, antibiotics, and analgesics, and least acceptable for those involving antipsychotics, cardiac glycosides, and antianxiety agents. Acceptability also was influenced by physician type (p less than 0.05), being lowest among community physicians, and was slightly higher in outpatient versus inpatient situations (p less than 0.05). The study indicates that physicians will accept pharmacist counseling with respect to adverse drug reactions, especially on a partnership basis. PMID- 7361802 TI - Problems and hypotheses. AB - The formulation and relationship of precisely defined research questions and hypotheses and their importance in the research process are discussed. A hypothesis is defined as a linkage of two or more abstract variables, each of which is derived from the observational level. The successive abstractions of the derivation process, the characteristics of the variables so derived, and the relationship of both to study design and measurement are defined and discussed. PMID- 7361803 TI - Developing research hypotheses. AB - The characteristics of useful research hypotheses are identified and discussed. Research hypotheses should (1) express a relationship between two or more variables, (2) have clear implications for testing, and (3) have measurable variables. Since the hypothesis determines study design, the definition of variables and the level of abstraction contained in its relationship affect the use to which study results can be put. Formulating a hypothesis is of value whenever interpretation of the results is the purpose of a study. PMID- 7361804 TI - Seizures associated with high cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of cefazolin. AB - Three cases of generalized seizures in patients with high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of cefazolin are reported. Patient 1, a 60-year-old woman with impaired renal function and a Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, was treated with 70 mg every eight hours of i.v. gentamicin sulfate and 1.5 g every four hours of i.v. cefazolin sodium. Gentamicin was discontinued on day 11. On day 12, the patient had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Serum and CSF concentrations of cefazolin one day later were 470 and 64 micrograms/ml, respectively. Patient 2, a 70-year-old man with impaired renal function, was given i.v. cefazolin, 1 g every 12 hours; the dosage interval was shortened later to every six hours. Two days later, the patient had two tonic-clonic seizures. Serum and CSF concentrations eight hours after the last dose of cefazolin were 360 and 34 micrograms/ml, respectively. Patient 3, a 67-year-old woman with renal vein thrombosis, received 55 mg every eight hours of i.v. gentamicin and 2 g every six hours of i.v. cefazolin. The antibiotics were discontinued after eight days when the patient had two tonic-clonic seizures. Serum and CSF concentrations of cefazolin measured 28 hours later were 1000 and 106 micrograms/ml, respectively. Previous reports of cefazolin-associated seizures are reviewed. In patients with renal failure, cefazolin may obtain high CSF concentrations. To avoid seizures, cefazolin doses should be adjusted in these patients. PMID- 7361805 TI - Multimodality therapy for malignant mesothelioma based on a study of natural history. PMID- 7361806 TI - Arthralgia associated with acute urinary retention. A syndrome of probable viral etiology. AB - Four patients are described in whom paresthesia and arthralgia developed in association with acute urinary retention. Neurologic and musculoskeletal complaints persisted for varying periods, up to five year, after cessation of urinary symptoms. Significantly elevated titers to Herpes simplex and Herpes zoster viruses were observed in three and four subjects, respectively, although none exhibited cutaneous lesions of herpetic infection. The symptom complex, presumably the result of viral radiculitis, may present in varying patterns that can be confused with lumbar disc protrusion, obstructive uropathy or primary rheumatic disorder. Diagnostic studies requisite for documentation of a viral etiology of the syndrome are discussed. PMID- 7361807 TI - Intracavitary amphotereicin B in the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary aspergillomas. AB - The optimal treatment of pulmonary aspergillomas is not established. Surgical resection is often impossible because of severe, underlying pulmonary impairment, and medical treatment has given negative or inconclusive results. Six patients with symptomatic pulmonary aspergillomas were treated with percutaneous instillation of intracavitary amphotericin B. Four patients who received the full course of therapy showed improvement and stabilization or reversal of progressive roentgenographic changes. Also, follow-up serologic studies of Aspergillus spp. precipitins were obtained in three and were negative. One patient did not tolerate this treatment because of repeated systemic reactions. Another patient did not respond clinically or roentgenographically. Intracavitary amphotericin B therapy should be considered in patients with symptomatic pulmonary aspergilloma, particularly when surgical resection is not feasible. PMID- 7361808 TI - High uric acid as an indicator of cardiovascular disease. Independence from obesity. AB - In three groups of patients, we investigated the hypothesis that body weight is not the factor underlying the relation between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular disease. Among 111 subjects with asymptomatic hyperuricemia followed for 108 months, atherosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) developed in six; their mean was 77.4 kg (172 pounds) compared with 79.7 kg (177 pounds) in the remainder; in 25 of the 111 patients hypertension developed; their mean weight was not significantly higher than that of the remainder. Among 156 patients with established gout followed for 133 months, clinical atherosclerosis developed in 25 after a mean of 95 months; their mean weight was 78.3 kg (174 pounds) contrasted with 79.7 kg (177 pounds) in those 81 of the remaining patients who had a weight recorded with 75 +/- 12 months after their initial attack of gout. Among 1,356 men aaged 60 to 69 years who had their serum uric acid recorded in 1967, subsequent deaths from cardiovascular disease showed a stepwise increase when deaths were arranged according to the serum uric acid levels but not when they were arranged according to body weight. Hyperuricemia thus predicts future cardiovascular disease independently of body weight. PMID- 7361809 TI - Methanol poisoning in human subjects. Role for formic acid accumulation in the metabolic acidosis. AB - Whereas a great deal of information is available on the etiology of methanol poisoning in the monkey, very little study has been made in human subjects. The role of formic acid in methanol toxicity in human subjects has not been established. Two patients have been studied who have presented with the characteristics of methanol poisoning--metabolic acidosis and ocular toxicity. This has made possible a confirmation of the role of formate in the toxic syndrome. Acidosis was very severe in both cases with arterial pH values of about 6.9 and plasma bicarbonate concentrations of 3 meq/liter. A sensitive and specific assay was used to measure formic acid levels in blood and other fluids. Formate accumulation was marked with initial blood levels ranging from 11.1 to 26.0 meq/liter. Decreases in blood bicarbonate concentrations of similar magnitude coincided with the increase in formate. Thus, accumulation of formic acid plays a major part in the acidosis observed in human subjects poisoned with methanol, as has been demonstrated in monkeys. Treatment involving bicarbonate administration, ethanol infusion and hemodialysis, rapidly decreased formate levels in the blood to control values. Methanol concentrations were reduced but to lesser extent than that of formate. Despite the reduction in formate and methanol concentrations in both cases, the treatment was successful in only one of the two patients. PMID- 7361810 TI - A functioning thyroid nodule in a patient previously treated with irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7361811 TI - Biliary tract obstruction due to tuberculous adenitis. AB - A 25 year old woman presented with constitutional symptoms and biochemical evidence of biliary tract obstruction. A mass in the region of the head of the pancreas was detected and she underwent laparotomy which revealed isolated tuberculous adenitis of peripancreatic lymph nodes. Complete recovery resulted following the administration of isoniazid and ethambutal. PMID- 7361812 TI - Sporothrix schenckii meningitis in a farmer with Hodgkin's disease. AB - A fatal case of chronic meningeal sporotrichosis occurring as an opportunistic infection in a patient with Hodgkin's disease is presented. A pulmonary source of infection was identified at autopsy. The diagnostic importance of the isolation of Sporothrix schenckii from cerebrospinal fluid, even if only from a single specimen, is stressed. PMID- 7361813 TI - ASMT's National Compensation Survey--a broader perspective. PMID- 7361814 TI - An evaluation of the J. T. Baker 700 and the Royco Cell-Crit IV. AB - To replace outdated instrumentation needed as a reliable back-up system for the Coulter Model S, an extensive evaluation of two systems, the J. T. Baker 700 and the Royco Cell-Crit IV, was conducted to determine which would be most suitable for the Madison General Hospital hematology department laboratory. Both appeared to meet the predetermined criteria set down for the study. A description of each instrument, the evaluation process, and the advantages and the disadvantages of each instrument for the laboratory was presented. As a result of the study, it was determined that the Royco Cell-Crit IV was the back-up system which would best meet the requirements. PMID- 7361815 TI - Personalized competency-based instruction applied to medical technology education. AB - This paper describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of a medical microbiology course employing personalized competency-based instruction offered in the upper division of an innovative medical technology education program. Also, the effectiveness of personalized instruction is discussed in terms of career mobility for clinical practitioners, competency-based achievement, mastery of learning and student/instructor--student/proctor ratio. Its role in curriculum research and development, as well as the potential for personalized competency based instruction to improve the quality of education for clinical laboratory personnel, is discussed. PMID- 7361816 TI - Aeromonas hydrophila as the etiologic agent in severe gastroenteritis: report of a case. AB - Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from stool of an 82-year-old female with severe gastroenteritis. The stool was foamy and varied in color from green to yellow. The isolated organism was susceptible to most aminoglycosides. The tetracycline therapy cleared the organism from the stool and the patient's condition improved. The biochemical characteristics of the organism were similar to coliform bacilli: the oxidase test was necessary to differentiate Aeromonas sp. from coliforms. The patient did not have any major underlying disease. This case report documented the need to test all isolates resembling coliform bacilli by the oxidase test. PMID- 7361818 TI - Hematology problem. PMID- 7361817 TI - Hematology problem. PMID- 7361819 TI - The American Society for Medical Technology 1979 National Compensation Survey. ASMT Education & Research Division. PMID- 7361820 TI - American Society for Medical Technology's alternative proposal. (ASMT's comments on the notice of proposed rulemaking clinical laboratories; personnel standards. PMID- 7361821 TI - Mental ability, schooling, and early career achievement of low-IQ and average-IQ young men. AB - Status-attainment theory and methodology and data from the 1966 and 1971 National Longitudinal Surveys were used to construct and estimate a 13-variable, seven stage causal model of the career-attainment process of low-IQ and average-IQ young men. Model variables included six personal-social inputs, three educationally related intervening variables, and four occupationally related outcomes. Multiple-regression analysis was used to estimate the model on the low IQ and average-IQ groups, within white and black racial categories separately. Results showed gross differences to exist between low-IQ and average-IQ subjects on a number of variables. The regression results, however, indicated that the determinants of career attainment had similar effects among low-IQ and average-IQ subjects and that status-attainment theory applied equally well to the two IQ groups. Policy implications of the findings were discussed. PMID- 7361822 TI - Functional and discourse analyses of nonhandicapped preschool children's speech to handicapped children. AB - Functional and discourse analyses of the communicative interactions of nonhandicapped preschool children when addressing children at different developmental levels were carried out in an instructional setting. Listeners were classified as manifesting either mild, moderate, severe, or no developmental delays. The results indicated that the nonhandicapped children appropriately adapted their interactions in a manner that would suggest an increased likelihood that messages would be understood and responded to. In addition, the modified interactions appeared to be consistent with the communicative goals of the speaker and the social roles of the participants. These findings were discussed in terms of their relevance to the issue of mainstreaming and early intervention. PMID- 7361823 TI - Adaptive Behavior Scale part two: Relative severity of maladaptive behavior. AB - Part Two of the Adaptive Behavior Scale contains statements that cover 13 domains of maladaptive behavior. The present system of scoring and profiling reflects the frequency of occurrence of behavior (either occasionally or frequency) and not severity or relative importance. Thirty-three psychologists with experience in mental retardation rated the 452 statements contained in Part Two along a continuum of severity. Median severity scores were computed for all statements. Results indicated that statements prefaced by "frequently" were judged as more serious than those prefaced by "occasionally," and domains varied greatly with regard to relative severity. Correlational analysi revealed that irrespective of absolute differences due to frequency of occurrence, different types of maladaptive behavior were systematically placed along a relative continuum. Substantial reliability was found among judgments. Possible clinical and psychometric advantages of using these severity scores were suggested. PMID- 7361824 TI - National survey of community residential facilities: a profile of facilities and residents in 1977. AB - In 1977, a national mail survey of all community residential facilities (CRFs) for mentally retarded persons throughout the United States was conducted by the staff of the Developmental Disabilities Project on Residential Services and Community Adjustment at the University of Minnesota. The results of 4,427 participating facilities were summarized in this report. Demographic information on facility size, location, ownership, and reimbursement rates was presented as well as general characteristics about the residents and their movement trends. The impact of the deinstitutionalization movement for mentally retarded persons was substantially verified by the results of this survey: between 1973 and 1977, the number of CRFs doubled. Wide variations in facility size and the extent to which states use community living arrangements to serve mentally retarded people were two notable trends confirmed by the survey results. PMID- 7361825 TI - Surveying mentally retarded persons: responsiveness and response validity in three samples. AB - In an exploration of the feasibility and utility of survey research with retarded populations, interviews were conducted with 52 institutionalized children, 58 institutionalized adults, and 57 community children, as well as with their parents or attendants. Analyses indicated that higher IQ interviewees were generally more responsive to questions, more often in agreement with the nonretarded informants, and less acquiescent on yes-no questions than were lower IQ interviewees. Although these relationships varied in strength from sample to sample, overall differences among samples were nonsignificant. Implications for researchers interviewing retarded persons were discussed. PMID- 7361826 TI - Comparison of operant- and independence-training procedures for mentally retarded adults. AB - Seventy-five moderatley to profoundly retarded adults in an exit unit of a large state institution were randomly assigned to one of three groups: standard treatment, independence training, and no treatment control. Pre- and posttreatment measures, with progress being defined as an increase in the percentage of operationally defined steps completed for one behavior, were taken for all three groups on one of two types of targeted self-help behavior. A significant increase in correctly completed steps of the target behavior from pre to posttreatment, as well as from pretreatment to follow-up assessment, was noted for the independence-training group. Independence training proved to be significantly more effective, and staff members preferred it over both standard treatment and no-treatment control at the postassessment. PMID- 7361827 TI - Trainers' personal methods compared to two structured training strategies. AB - Training methods naturally employed by trainers were analyzed and compared to systematic structured training procedures. Trainers first taught using their own (personal) method, which was recorded in terms of types of prompts given, timing of prompts, consequences, and type of task sequencing. Trainers were then required to teach by using either a structured whole method or backward chaining. Trainers used more preresponse prompts than error-correction prompts and more praise than reprimands in their personal methods. Fewest errors and lowest error rates were associated with the backward chaining method and preresponse prompts. Most errors and highest error rates were associated with the structured whole method and postresponse (error-correction) prompts. Consequences did not yield systematic variation in time to criterion. PMID- 7361828 TI - Differential analysis of selected prompts and neurological variables in motor assessment of moderately mentally retarded children. AB - The purpose of this study was to elevate the specificity of gross-motor assessment strategies presently used with moderately mentally retarded children by measuring voluntary motor performance as a function of level of reflex development, level of orthopedic functioning, and type of prompts used in test instructions. After clinically assessing subjects' levels of reflex and orthopedic functioning, we randomly assigned subjects to multisensory-, physical , modeling-, and verbal-prompt treatment groups. Multisensory prompts and differential use of selected prompts were effective with younger and older children, respectively. A significant interrelationship was found between subjects' levels of reflex development and voluntary motor performance. PMID- 7361829 TI - Intelligence-related differences in the relative salience of object-property relationships. AB - Three groups of nonretarded children, ranging in age from 8 to 16 years, and a group of EMR 16-year olds (MA = 10) were asked to verify statements about the properties of animate and inaminate objects. Properties were of four types: intrinsic-action (e.g., "sharks can swim"), extrinsic-action (e.g., "horses can be ridden"), static (e.g., "turtles have shells"), and superordinate category (e.g., "dogs are animals"). Results indicated that retarded subjects, relative to nonretarded subjects of all ages, responded particularly slowly to static property statements when objects were animate and to intrinsic-action properties when objects were inanimate. These data suggest intelligence-related differences in the types of semantic properties that are most strongly associated with particular object concepts and, as such, may be indicative of fundamental differences in the way in which the core meaning of individual concepts is represented in semantic memory. PMID- 7361830 TI - Haptic-visual shape matching by mentally retarded children: exploratory activity and complexity effects. AB - The accuracy of nonretarded persons in shape matching within and across vision and touch improves with development, and matching by eye is usually better than is matching by hand. The pattern is less clear with mentally retarded children, however. In the present experiment we compared haptic and visual matching of retarded and nonretarded children at different developmental levels, while systematically observing variables known to have developmentally linked effects on task accuracy, including stimulus complexity and haptic exploratory search style. The results showed that accuracy depended on both stimulus complexity, modality, and mental age, regardless of whether or not children were retarded. The selection of haptic search styles also depended on these factors but, in addition, was influenced by intellectual status of the children. PMID- 7361831 TI - Reproductive medicine: a discipline in search of identity. Presidential address. PMID- 7361832 TI - Carcinoma in situ of the vulva: a continuing challenge. AB - The epidemiologic data, clinical features, associated diseases, and histologic characteristics present in 50 cases of carcinoma in situ of the vulva are analyzed. A comparison of follow-up results obtained with various treatment methods is presented. With primary surgery the recurrence rate is dependent on the presence or absence of tumor at the surgical margins. Deoxyribonucleic acid patterns, determined by microspectrophotometry, were aneuploid in 92% of the cases studied. Five patients (10%) with aneuploid lesions, observed without therapy, experienced spontaneous regression of tumor and replacement of abnormal areas by euploid epithelium. PMID- 7361833 TI - The role of operation in the current therapy of gestational trophoblastic disease. AB - Results of therapy of 257 patients with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTN), treated at one institution and by the same group of physicians (1966 to 1978), are presented. An overall remission rate of 92% was achieved: nonmetastatic disease, 139/139 (100%); "good" prognosis metastatic GTN, 55/55 (100%), "poor" metastatic GTN, 42/63 (66%). Chemotherapy, single- or multi-agent, was the primary treatment modality but selected patients were also treated with operation and/or x-ray therapy. Surgical therapy (hysterectomy), performed coincident with the institution of systemic chemotherapy, was shown to significantly reduce the duration of hospitalization and the amount of chemotherapy used to achieve remission, regardless of whether or not metastases were present. Delayed surgical excision of chemotherapy-resistant foci of GTN was of benefit, though less effective than initial operation. Surgical intervention for other diseases or for complications of GTN or its treatment was quite useful to stabilize patients and allow successful chemotherapy to be completed. There were no problems attributable to chemotherapy when wound healing or other postoperative complications were considered. PMID- 7361834 TI - Serum androgens and estrogens in postmenopausal women with and without endometrial cancer. AB - Thirty-five consecutive patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and an equal number of control subjects matched to the cancer patients for age and percentage of ideal weight were studied prospectively. In the cancer patients, the mean +/- SE serum androstenedione, testosterone, estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) levels were 503 +/- 34 pg/ml, 224 +/- 22 pg/ml, 38.7 +/- 3.6 pg/ml, and 14.5 +/- 0.9 pg/ml, respectively. Similar concentrations were found in the control subjects. Body weight and percentage of ideal weight showed highly significant correlations (P less than 0.001) with E1 and E2 but not with the androgen concentrations in either group. The heavier patients had higher E1 and E2 levels. Age and years since menopause did not correlate with any of the hormonal levels. The cancer patients with overt diabetes tended to be more obese and have higher estrogen levels than did the nondiabetic subjects. Those with a history of prior estrogen usage were more slender and had lower endogenous estrogens than the nonusers. Twenty-three of the cancer patients (66%) had a presumed risk factor(s) for the development of this tumor, that is, excess body weight, high endogenous estrogen levels, or a history of prior estrogen usage. These data support the concept that conditions which lead to continued, unopposed estrogen stimulation may be associated with malignant transformation of the endometrium. PMID- 7361835 TI - Carcinoma of the endometrium: stage I. AB - During the 10-year period ending December, 1972, 577 patients with Stage I endometrial cancer received their primary treatment at the Mayo Clinic. The average age of the group was 60.8 years. The higher-grade lesions were found in older individuals. The data did not show that high grade was related to age at menopause. The initial therapy was total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The absolute survival at 5 years was 92.7% for Stage IAG1, 86.5% for IAG2, 68.2% for IAG3, 89.6% for IBG1, 76.4% for IBG2, and 62.9% for IBG3. PMID- 7361836 TI - Effects of dietary lead and zinc on fetal organ growth. AB - In order to further understand the effects of ingested lead (Pb) on the fetus and the possible interaction of the trace element zinc (Zn) with Pb, groups of rats with dated pregnancies were fed 0, 10, 50, 100, 200 or 500 mg/L of Pb in water throughout pregnancy. Diet was provided ad libitum. A group pair fed with the 200 mg/L of Pb group and a group fed both Zn and Pb, 200 mg/L, were also studied. Placental weight remained constant, but cell division and total protein level were decreased while cell size increased markedly. Fetal carcass and liver weight, cell division, and protein were decrease while cell growth was unchanged. Brain weight decreased while cell division, growth, and protein were unchanged. Kidney weight, cell division and protein level were unchanged but cell growth was decreased. Organ dry weight varied with wet weight while the percentage of water was unchanged. Whether pair feeding and Zn supplements improve carcass and liver weight is questionabel. PMID- 7361837 TI - Protein synthesis in rat maternal and fetal tissues with starvation. AB - The incorporation a of 3H-leucine was studied in male rats and female rats 14 and 19 days pregnant that were either fed or starved for 48 hours. 3H-leucine incorporation into the liver was similar among all the fed animals. There was a 40% to 50% increase in the 3H-leucine incorporation of the placenta and fetus per milligram of ribonucleic acid from the fourteenth to the nineteenth day of pregnancy. With starvation there was a significant increase in 3H-leucine incorporation in both the fetus and the placenta of the 19-day-pregnant animal associated with a significant decrease in liver incorporation. Yolk sac placenta demonstrated a greater increase than the allantoic placenta. Both the male and 14 day-pregnant animals had minimal changes with starvation. The problems inherent in studying protein synthesis, especially during pregnancy, are presented. PMID- 7361839 TI - Newborn brain stem auditory evoked responses and perinatal clinical events. AB - The technique of brain stem auditory evoked electroencephalographic response testing was applied to 61 newborn infants in an attempt to study the potential influence of perinatal risk factors for hearing impairment and/or asphyxial brain damage. The results, althoug not conclusive, indicate that birth asphyxia and/or low birth weight may be associated with shortened latencies of evoked potentials. An efferent mechanism may account for this phenomenon. PMID- 7361838 TI - Replication and inactivation of a dicentric X formed by telomeric fusion. AB - A woman complaining of secondary amenorrhea and infertility was found to have, in addition to a normal X chromosome, a long compound chromosome that consisted of two X chromosomes attached by telomeric fusion of the short arms without any apparent loss of genetic material, 46,X,dic(X)(pter), hereafter referred to as t(X;X). The t(X;X) chromosome was late replicating; the inactivation pattern was analyzed. It formed Barr bodies that were larger than normal, of which the majority were bipartite. Analysis of the X-chromatin masses supports our hypotheses that there is a region next to the centromere on the short arm of the inactive X chromosome that remains active and that there is an inactivation center located on Xq, a short distance from the centromere, around which the X chromatin condenses. PMID- 7361840 TI - Immunologic infertility. I. Cervical mucus antibodies and postcoital test. AB - SAA and SIA were assayed in the sera of 172 infertile couples and in the CM of the women and 18 control subjects. Complete infertility evaluation was performed in all subjects except the controls. Results of these studies were correlated with PCT's. Sperm antibodies were detected in the CM of 25.6% of infertile women and in the sera of 12.7% of female and 6.4% of male subjects. No sperm antibodies were found in the CM of controls. Sperm antibodies were present exclusively in sera of 8.1% of women and in the CM of 20.9%. In only 4.7% both serum and CM contained antibodies. A significantly higher incidence of sperm antibodies was found in the sera of women and in CM and sera of all couples with unexplained infertility compared to those with explained infertility. The presence and the number of liver spermatozoa in CM collected for PCT's were found to be significantly related to the existence of SAA and SIA in CM and serum. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that SAA or SIA antibodies in CM and SAA in female serum have a significant negative correlation with endocervical PCT, whereas sperm motility has a positive correlation. These factors, together, accounted for 24.5% of variance. These data indicate that the appearance of SAA and SIA in CM is not related to their presence or titer in blood serum and that the PCT is a reliable screening method when sperm antibodies are suspected to exist in CM and to a lesser extent in serum. PMID- 7361841 TI - Classification of vaginal relaxation. PMID- 7361842 TI - Indolent necrotizing granulomas of the uterine cerfix, possibly related to chlamydial infection. PMID- 7361844 TI - Cardiac abnormalities in female hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with anosmia. PMID- 7361843 TI - Fetal distress following a reactive nonstress test. PMID- 7361846 TI - Maternal mortality rate associated with cesarean section: an appraisal. PMID- 7361845 TI - Recognizing malignancy in intrauterine contraceptive device users. PMID- 7361848 TI - Epidermal growth following a single application of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13 acetate in mice. AB - A single application of 17 nm of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) onto the backs of CD-1 female mice results in a significant increase in epidermal wet weight and protein, which reaches its peak by 2 days, remains high for the next two days, and then begins to decrease, reaching normal levels by 10 days. This increase in epidermal mass is brought about largely by an increase in cell number, as evidenced by increases in the total amount of DNA, the number of nucleated cell layers, and the total number of epidermal nuclei/mm of interfollicular epidermis (IFE). The increase in the total number of epidermal nuclei/mm IFE is due entirely to an increase in the number of suprabasal nuclei/mm IFE. The number of basal nuclei/mm IFE actually is reduced by 50% by Day 1, remains low for the next 2 days, and then slowly increases back to normal levels by Day 10. Histologic examination indicates that at Days 1 and 2, when there is a significant decrease in the number of basal cells, there is marked epidermal cell damage. During this time, mitotic activity of the basal epidermal cells increases significantly, reaching a peak of 19 X that above normal by Day 2, and then slowly returns toward normal levels by Day 10. Our results suggest that the epidermal hyperplasia produced by 17 nm of TPA is probably a regenerative epidermal hyperplasia. PMID- 7361847 TI - Reflex-mediated desquamation of bronchiolar epithelium in guinea pigs exposed acutely to sulfuric acid aerosol. AB - Terminal conducting airways are known to be vulnerable to direct injury by a variety of noxious aerosols. Sulfuric acid aerosol, a by-product of fossil fuel combustion, produces desquamation of terminal bronchiolar epithelium in guinea pigs that is believed to result from direct deep lung irritation, an effect separable from reflex airway constriction induced by sulfuric acid. To characterize desquamation of bronchiolar epithelium, 20 guinea pigs were exposed to 32.6 mg/cu m sulfuric acid aerosol with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 1.0 micron for 4 hours. The guinea pigs were killed upon termination of the exposure, or 24 hours later, and airway alterations were evaluated by light and transmission electron microscopy. To test whether the development of bronchiolar epithelial desquamation is independent of reflex airway constriction, 24 guinea pigs were exposed to an identical aerosol for 4 hours after pretreating half with 5 mg/kg atropine sulfate intraperitoneally to inhibit airway constriction. Sulfuric acid produced diffuse pulmonary hyperinflation with areas of consolidation and atelectasis. Epithelial desquamation occurred in airways supplying regions of developing atelectasis and was most extensive in terminal bronchioles. Parasympathetic effector blockade with atropine eliminated epithelial desquamation. These results indicate that sulfuric acid-produced desquamation of terminal bronchiolar epithelium is not separable from reflex airway constriction and that terminal conducting airways are vulnerable not only to direct injury by noxious aerosols but also to indirect, reflex-mediated injury. PMID- 7361849 TI - An in vitro model of pancreas carcinogenesis: two-stage MNU--TPA effect. AB - Organ-cultured embryonic rat pancreata were exposed to either single or multiple doses of methylnitrosourea (MNU), a single dose of MNU followed by 12-O tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), or TPA alone and cultured for up to 6 weeks. Both single and multiple doses of MNU caused similar alterations during the first 10 days; ie, for 4 days the explants grew and differentiated as untreated explants, forming acini and ductules; thereafter the presence of MNU induced ductular proliferation and hyperplasia. Explants exposed to a single dose of MNU failed to proliferate beyond the 10th day of culture, showed progressive cell necrosis, and became almost completely necrotic in 6 weeks. Cells prepared from these explants on Day 10 and injected subcutaneously into nude mice also failed to grow and degenerated after 2 weeks. Multiple doses of MNU in vitro, however, produced further proliferation with an atypical cribriform pattern by the 15th day. In the absence of MNU, treatment with TPA alone had no histologic effect; but TPA treatment after a single dose of MNU promoted abnormal growth similar to that produced by multiple doses of MNU. Cells prepared from 10-day explants treated with a single dose of MNU followed by TPA grew subcutaneously in nude mice and formed nodules of atypical growth within 2 weeks. This system constitutes a simple model of short-latency chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 7361850 TI - Subendocardial ischemic myocardial lesions associated with severe coronary atherosclerosis. AB - Morphologic changes in the subendocardial myocardium that appeared to be caused by severe, chronic subendocardial ischemia were studied in patients with fatal ischemic heart disease admitted to the Specialized Center of Research for Ischemic Heart Disease at the University of Alabama in Birmingham in the period 1970--1977. Thirteen patients were selected for this report on the basis that they had the lesions in the subendocardial myocardium we believe to have been caused by subendocardial ischemia and had no evidence of acute or remote myocardial infarction or other conditions that may have contributed to their terminal illness or death. Clinical findings were unstable angina, congestive heart failure, usually no increase in plasma enzymes indicative of myocardial damage, and electrocardiographic changes consistent with subendocardial ischemia. All 13 patients had 75% or greater stenosis of the three major coronary arteries; none had acute thrombotic or embolic coronary artery occlusion. The left ventricle in all cases was hypertrophied. The subendocardial myocardium showed circumferential pallor, hyperemia, or focal fibrosis without perceptible loss of volume in papillary muscles or trabeculae carneae. Microscopically, acute lesions showed one to two layers of preserved myofibers adjacent to the endocardium, vacuolar change in the deeper fibers, and focal areas of coagulation necrosis of variable size in the myocardium external to the fibers with vacuolar change. Coagulation necrosis was extensive in some cases and usually was not associated with infiltration of neutrophils. The repair reaction involved removal of necrotic sarcoplasm by mononuclear phagocytes, resulting in a reticular-appearing tissue without evidence of stromal collapse. Granulation tissue was not seen. Collagen fibers appeared to be deposited within the area of previous sarcolemmal sheaths. The distribution and morphology of subendocardial myocardial lesions associated with severe coronary atherosclerosis are distinctive and can be distinguished from myocardial necrosis or fibrosis associated with acute total occlusion of a coronary artery. PMID- 7361851 TI - The effect of verapamil on the calcium paradox. AB - Reperfusion of isolated rat hearts with calcium-containing medium after a short period of calcium-free perfusion results in irreversible cell damage (calcium paradox). Experiments were undertaken to determine whether the slow-channel calcium-antagonist drug verapamil protects calcium-deprived rat heart muscle against the consequences of readmitting calcium. Cell damage was quantitated in terms of creatine kinase (CK) release, depletion of endogenous creatine phosphate (CP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stores, development of contracture as measured by longitudinal shortening of the left ventricle, and ultrastructural damage. Verapamil (1 mg/l) did not reduce the initial rate of CK release during reperfusion with calcium but reduced the initial rate at which myocardial CP and ATP stores were depleted and decreased the shortening of the longitudinal axis of the left ventricle. After 30 seconds of reperfusion the mean sarcomere length was significantly greater in the verapamil-treated hearts. These results can be interpreted to mean that inhibition of calcium inflex via the slow channels does not protect heart muscle against the deleterious effects of readmitting calcium after a period of calcium-free perfusion. PMID- 7361852 TI - Animal model of human disease: pemphigus vulgaris. PMID- 7361853 TI - The persistence and phenotypic stability of transplanted rat liver neoplastic nodules. AB - Fragments of normal rat liver and nodular hepatocellular lesions produced by feeding rats 0.02% N-2-fluorenylacetamide for 20 weeks were transplanted into the inguinal mammary fat pad of syngeneic male rats. Five of 29 fragments of normal liver survived in the transplant site for up to 32 weeks after transplantation. Six of 20 nodules classified as neoplastic nodules and 2 of 5 with atypicality persisted and retained their morphologic abnormalities. Persisting fragments of normal liver accumulated iron when the recipient rats were iron-loaded by the feeding of 8-hydroxyquinoline and ferrous gluconate, but the nodule cells remained resistant to iron accumulation. Mitotic figures were present in nodule cells, but progressive growth did not occur. Four carcinoma transplants readily gave rise to tumors. Three of the tumors that developed in the transplant site from carcinomas were well-differentiated adenocarcinomas with mucin production. It was concluded that rat liver neoplastic nodules are phenotypically stable but differ from liver carcinomas in their biologic behavior in this system. PMID- 7361855 TI - Regional coronary perfusion and bioenergetics in experimental atherosclerosis. AB - The effects of experimental coronary atherosclerosis on myocardial high energy phosphates and regional coronary perfusion and oxygen delivery were studied. Hypercholesterolemic (HC) New Zealand white rabbits developed mild to moderate coronary vascular disease in 4 months when serum cholesterol levels were maintained at 1500--2000 mg/dl. Resting left ventricular levels of creatine phosphate, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the cellular energy charge were unaltered after 2 months of diet but were decreased after 4 and 6 months. Tissue lactate and the lactate/pyruvate ratio were increased after 4 months, suggesting mild tissue ischemia. The regional blood flow rate was measured in rabbits given pentobarbital after 6 months of diet using labeled microspheres, and the response to stress was tested after 5 minutes of hypoxic ventilation (5% O2/N2). The percentage of cardiac output to subendocardium (endo) and subepicardium (epi) in HC rabbits and that in control animals were similar at rest, but unlike that of control animals, the endo perfusion did not increase significantly in HC animals during hypoxic stress. Baseline regional left ventricular oxygen deliveries were similar between groups, but the baseline endo/epi oxygen delivery ratio was reduced in HC rabbits. In control rabbits hypoxia did not alter total O2 delivery, and the endo/epi oxygen delivery ratio was constant, whereas hypoxia in HC animals produced a decrease in total oxygen delivery and a further decrease in the endo/epi oxygen delivery ratio. Thus, moderate long-term coronary occlusive disease produced alterations in the distribution of coronary perfusion that are similar to those after acute partial occlusion, ie, selective reductions in blood flow and oxygen delivery to subendocardium. These results may relate to the pathogenesis of subendocardial infarction in man, which often occurs in the absence of complete coronary occlusion. PMID- 7361854 TI - Cardiac disease induced by chronic adriamycin administration in dogs and an evaluation of vitamin E and selenium as cardioprotectants. AB - Chronic adriamycin (ADR) intoxication was produced in three groups of beagle dogs by weekly intravenous injections (1 mg/kg body weight) for 20 weeks (cumulative dose 400 mg/sq m). Group A (6 dogs) received ADR only; Group B (6 dogs) were given ADR and weekly doses of vitamin E (17 mg/kg body weight) as alpha tocopherol acetate; and Group C (6 dogs) received ADR and weekly doses of vitamin E as did Group B and selenium (0.06 mg/kg body weight as selenite). Each of the 18 dogs developed ADR-induced cardiomyopathy (CMY), and death occurred in 11 dogs during Weeks 17-20. Mortality was lowest in Group B (2 of 6), but no differences between groups were seen either in survival time of the dogs that died or in severity of CMY. Cardiomyopathy was more severe in dogs that died than in survivors. Congestive heart failure with transudation was present in 4 of 11 dogs that died. Cardiac histopathology was characterized by vacuolar degeneration of myocytes. Myocardial damage was most severe in the left ventricle and the ventricular septum, intermediate in the right ventricle and the left atrium, and least in the right atrium. Ultrastructural study showed that an early alteration in damaged myocytes was distention of sarcoplasmic reticulum to form sarcoplasmic vacuoles. Occasional damaged fibers had myofibrillar lysis and focal proliferation of sarcoplasmic reticulum. This study demonstrates that the dog offers a suitable model for studies of chronic ADR cardiotoxicity in man. The lack of cardioprotection from vitamin E and selenium supplementation fails to support the proposed role of lipoperoxidative damage in the development of chronic ADR-induced CMY. PMID- 7361856 TI - Ultrastructural changes in lymphoma cells treated with hematoporphyrin and light. AB - Hematoporphyrin, when activated by light, produces lethal effects on lymphoma cells in vivo and in vitro. Mice bearing subcutaneous lymphomatous nodules received hematoporphyrin and two days later were exposed to light. Extensive necrosis occurred within 48 hours after exposure to light. Since no evidence has yet been presented as to what part of the cell is first affected by this treatment, ultrastructural studies were undertaken using an in vitro system. The first morphologic change in leukemic cells occurred within 5 minutes within the mitochondria. First they appeared markedly contracted and subsequently swollen, and ultimately they became completely disrupted. It is hypothesized that possibly mitochondria have a greater affinity for the hematoporphyrin and therefore become the first organelles to be affected. PMID- 7361857 TI - The histopathology of experimental strongyloidiasis. AB - An investigation of the pathologic events occurring during experimental Strongyloides ratti infection in rats was done. The chronologic sequence of the cellular responses to the infecting larvae as they migrated through the skin and lungs was determined. Larvae penetrate the skin very quickly, eliciting considerable mast cell degranulation within the first few minutes, a modest neutrophil response within the first few hours, and an occasional mononuclear response within the first 2 days. The larval passage in the lungs appears to cause little damage except for microhemorrhages and an occasional microabscess. In the intestine S ratti adult worms lie in the cryptae without penetrating mucosa, and except for an increase in the number of mast cells at the time of expulsion (Days 20--25), there is no detectable cellular response. Differences from the human disease are discussed. PMID- 7361858 TI - The influence of cardiac geometry on the results of ventricular aneurysm repair. AB - Operative repair of ventricular aneurysms should improve left ventricular function. Despite its theoretic advantage, the mortality following this operation is high, and many patients have severe postoperative hypotension. The cardiac findings were studied in 18 patients who died after repair of ventricular aneurysms. All hearts were examined at autopsy after postmortem coronary arteriography and fixation in a distended state. Five patients in Group I had intractable fatal postoperative hypotension, 7 in Group II initially had severe hypotension that improved, and 6 in Group III did not have postoperative hypotension. Curvature thickness indexes (CTIs) of the ventricular segments, which correlate with their pressure-producing activity, were determined in the 18 hearts. CTIs for the left ventricular free wall and septum were lower in Group I and Group II patients with hypotension than those in Group III without. The reduced CTIs in patients with postoperative shock appear to arise as a result of ventricular reconstruction that reduces ventricular wall curvature. The authors suggest that left ventricular function after aneurysm resection would be improved by inverting, rather than everting, the edges of the ventriculotomy, thereby increasing wall curvature and the CTI. Noninvasive determinations of the CTI may prove of value in guiding topographic reconstruction of ventricles with aneurysms. PMID- 7361859 TI - Experimental type 25 pneumococcal pneumonia in rats: an electron-microscopic study. AB - A self-healing lobar pneumonia was produced in rats by intratracheal instillation of Type 25 pneumococci. Sequential changes in the lung were examined by electron microscopy from the onset of acute inflammation through resolution. Manifestations of the infection included vascular endothelial changes of acute inflammation and leukocytic mobilization. The pulmonary alveolar epithelium showed only minimal changes throughout the infection. The significance of the findings is discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of pneumococcal lobar pneumonia. PMID- 7361860 TI - Light-microscopic analysis of sectioned Sezary cells: an accurate alternative to electron microscopy. AB - The prognostic implications of circulating Sezary cells in mycosis fungoides (MF) are not known, and the significance of fluctuating Sezary cell counts in either MF or the Sezary syndrome has not been assessed. Such studies have been hampered by the inaccuracy of counts performed on routine blood smears and the unavailability of electron microscopy for routine purposes. The present studies conducted on the peripheral blood of 35 patients with either MF or the Sezary syndrome show that Sezary cell counts performed by light microscopy of sectioned Epon-embedded lymphocyte fractions are as accurate as those carried out at the ultrastructural level. In addition, the studies include preliminary observations concerning 20 patients whose Sezary cell counts were repeated over time intervals ranging from 3 months to over 5 years. The described method should facilitate the performance of blood and lymph node Sezary cell counts on a wider scale, which is a necessity if the significance of circulating Sezary cells is to be evaluated. PMID- 7361861 TI - Animal model: immunologic model of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 7361863 TI - Platelets, fibroblasts, and inflammation: tissue reactions to platelets injected subcutaneously. AB - Evidence from the literature indicates that platelets contain (besides mediators of acute inflammation) factors capable of stimulating fibroblastic growth: namely, serotonin and "platelet factors" demonstrable by their effect on tissue cultures of fibroblasts. The purpose of this study was to find out whether an inflammatory and a fibroblast-stimulating effect could be demonstrated in vivo, in the rat, using a single subcutaneous injection of concentrated platelets (platelet pellet). For comparison, rat brain, heart, and kidney tissue were homogenized under sterile conditions, spun down, and injected subcutaneously. Platelet pellets caused intense edema and neutrophil infiltration; after 8 days they had assumed a spherical shape and were surrounded by typical myofibroblasts. The 30 pellets of tissue homogenates induced a much milder acute inflammatory reaction; only one (a heart pellet) induced a recognizable myofibroblast reaction. The delayed appearance of myofibroblasts around platelet pellets was probably mediated by the neutrophils, which accumulated in large amounts around platelet pellets. Using this in vivo model, a direct fibroblast-stimulating effect of platelets was not demonstrable. It is pointed out that there are analogies between cellular reactions induced by injected platelet pellets and by intravascular platelet thrombi. PMID- 7361864 TI - The ultrastructure of mucoid "onionskin" intimal lesions in malignant nephrosclerosis. AB - The ultrastructure of mucoid "onionskin" intimal thickening in the intrarenal arteries was studied in 12 cases of malignant hypertension. The thickened areas were found to contain proliferating myointimal cells, basement membrane lamellas, and ruthenium-red--positive proteoglycans. The proteoglycans consisted of granules 15--35 nm in diameter and thin filaments about 3 nm thick. The filaments connected the granules to each other and to the basement membranes of the concentric lamellas, to the basement membranes of the endothelial and myointimal cells, and also to the cell surfaces. This arrangement imparted a loose meshwork pattern to the mucoid layer. The granulofilamentous material is considered to be a structural component of the pathologic lesion distinct from plasma insudation. The relationship between the intercellular substances and the myointimal cells is briefly discussed. PMID- 7361866 TI - The psychology and economics of scarcity in human services: a symposium. PMID- 7361862 TI - Partial characterization of a bone-derived chemotactic factor for tumor cells. AB - Medium that has been bathing organ cultures of resorbing bone contains a factor that is chemotactic for cultured Walker carcinosarcoma cells, as assayed by the Boyden chamber technique. There is a positive correlation between the chemotactic activity released by the resorbing bones and the extent of resorption as measured by release of previously incorporated 45Ca from the bones. Generation of the chemotactic factor occurs independent of the humoral mediator of bone resorption. The tumor cell chemotactic factor has a steep dose-response curve, with a fall from maximal to minimal activity extending over a four-fold dilution. The chemotactic activity is stable to heating and has an estimated molecular weight of 6000 daltons, as determined by gel filtration chromatography and retention of activity following dialysis. The chemotactic activity has been distinguished from the tumor cell chemotactic factor derived from the fifth component of complement because the former is not inactivated by antiserum to C5 and because it is chemotactic for EL-4 lymphoma cells, whereas the latter is not chemotactically active for these cells. PMID- 7361865 TI - Enhancement of cholesterol and cholesteryl ester accumulation in re endothelialized aorta. AB - The purpose of the experiments reported here was to determine chemically the character and quantity of lipid in re-endothelialized and de-endothelialized areas of rabbit aortas. The aortas of 22 rabbits, Groups I and II, were de endothelialized with a balloon catheter, and the rabbits were maintained on a lipid-poor diet for 4 weeks. Thirteen rabbits, Group II, were then fed an egg supplemented diet for 6 weeks. Nine rabbits, Group I, were continued on the lipid poor diet for an additional 6 weeks. Control rabbits with uninjured aortas were fed a lipid-poor diet for 10 weeks (Group III) or an egg-supplemented diet for 6 weeks (Group IV). Nonesterified cholesterol and fatty acids, cholesteryl esters, triacylglycerols, and squalene were quantitated in re-endothelialized and de endothelialized aorta by thin-layer chromatography and fluorometric analysis. The results indicate 1) that there was approximately three times as much nonesterified cholesterol and cholesteryl ester in re-endothelialized aorta of Groups I and II as compared with adjacent de-endothelialized aorta and 2) that in re-endothelialized aorta of Group II the amount of total cholesterol correlated with serum cholesterol concentration in contrast to adjacent de-endothelialized aorta, with no correlation over a range of nearly 900 mg/100 ml. These studies indicate that the presence of endothelium favors accumulation of aortic cholesteryl esters. The results suggest that arterial lipid accumulation is not simply a result of passive filtration but may result from metabolic differences in the re-endothelialized neointima. PMID- 7361868 TI - Children's services in Massachusetts: "...and the first will come last". PMID- 7361869 TI - The small-is-beautiful approach to resource allocation. PMID- 7361870 TI - Alternative responses to the pressures of Proposition 13. PMID- 7361867 TI - The future of human services without funding. PMID- 7361872 TI - The dilemma of Proposition 13: panel discussion. PMID- 7361873 TI - Institutions for dependent and neglected children: therapeutic option of choice or last resort? AB - This paper uses survey responses from 370 dependent children to examine claims made about the purposes of child welfare institutions. The data suggest that institutions are the least supportive form of surrogate care, that group homes share some of their defects, and that, in practice, neither are therapeutics environments. PMID- 7361874 TI - Treatment needs of children in foster care. AB - This study explores the psychosocial problems and treatment needs of a sample of 50 children who remained in foster care for a period of five years. An attempt was made to rate the quality of treatment received in relation to judgments of treatment needed. The results raise questions about the appropriateness and adequacy of foster care and residential placement for this vulnerable group of children. PMID- 7361871 TI - Assessing the reactions to Proposition 13. PMID- 7361875 TI - Adolescent girls in need of protection. AB - This descriptive study of 120 girls removed temporarily from parental care during early adolescence raises questions regarding the efficiency and effectiveness of current intervention strategies. The findings suggest that clinical and legal efforts on behalf of girls such as these, who have been victims of neglect, deprivation, and abuse, are likely to remain unsatisfactory in the absence of a broad societal commitment to the needs and rights of children. PMID- 7361876 TI - The underlife of behavior modification. AB - The practice of behavior modification in a residential treatment center for emotionally disturbed children is described, based on the author's observations over 18 months. Particular attention is given to the influence of context and situation as staff members count units of behavior, report their findings, and meet with colleagues to evaluate their data. It is suggested that these data reflect a mixture of client behavior and tacit staff practices, although they are presented officially as being only about clients. PMID- 7361878 TI - The emotional impact of fundamentalist religious participation: an empirical study of intragroup variation. AB - The relationship between religious activity within a Pentecostal congregation and the emotional status of the congregants is described. Data derived from a field study conducted in a Newfoundland coastal community. The more frequently people engaged in religious activities, the less likely they were to report symptoms of emotional distress. Significant within-group variation was found in terms of the frequency and type of religious activity. PMID- 7361877 TI - Divorcees and widows: similarities and differences. AB - Based on findings from age-standardized survey data, divorced women feel more restricted in their relationships with others and have less favorable attitudes toward their ex-spouses than do widows. The greater clarity of the widowed role may provide more social support and ease adjustment to the end of a marriage for the widow in ways unavailable to the still somewhat stigmatized status of the divorcee. PMID- 7361879 TI - Sex differences in age of symptom onset and first hospitalization in schizophrenia. AB - Sex differences in the age at symptom onset and first hospitalization in typical schizophrenia, schizophreniform psychosis, and paranoid psychosis are examined. Male schizophrenics were significantly younger than females at both onset and admission, irrespective of schizophrenic type; the disparity did not occur for paranoid psychotics. Implications of these findings for the differential etiology of schizophrenia in the sexes, and the need for the early identification of and intervention in typical schizophrenia, are discussed. PMID- 7361880 TI - Treatment of young children among nonwestern Jewish mothers in Israel: sociocultural variables. AB - In direct observations of Jewish families in Israel, mothers of Oriental origin were found to engage in fewer of the child-rearing practices accepted as "normal" by Western social scientists than did mothers of Western origin. Greater degrees of "compulsive" and "disorganized" behavior were observed among the Oriental mothers. Differences are explained as due to cultural and educational background, and implications for the emotional development of the children are considered. PMID- 7361881 TI - Social policy for child custody: a multidiciplinary framework. AB - The need for collaboration between mental health professionals and those in the legal system in the development of a preventively-oriented social policy for children involved in custody disputes is discussed. Prior efforts toward this end are examined, and systemic influences that may impede the process are highlighted. Suggestions are offered for improving such efforts, and directions for needed empirical work are elaborated. PMID- 7361882 TI - Shame and learning. AB - This paper argues that an examination of cognitive shame provides opportunities for educators and students to cope more adequately with issues of trust, loneliness, and separation in classroom settings. It is further maintained that overcoming cognitive shame can lead to learning, mastery, and competence. Implications for mental health work in other settings are offered. PMID- 7361883 TI - When does human life begin? AB - Causation theory is applied to the question of the point at which human life begins. It is concluded that the potential human being becomes actualized through the cessation of an exclusive in-utero dependency upon the material, formal, and efficient causes of its being, and the beginning of a nonexclusive ex-utero dependency upon nurturing and care-giving sources. PMID- 7361884 TI - Colonic involvement in chronic ulcerative non-granulomatous ileo-jejunitis. PMID- 7361885 TI - Cancer of colon and rectum in Iraq. PMID- 7361886 TI - Colovesical fistula. PMID- 7361887 TI - Biological activity of protein-bound calcium in serum. AB - We have previously reported the existence of a subfraction of serum calcium that is tightly bound to normal human serum proteins. This tightly bound calcium fraction (TBC) is thought to be a calcium-albumin-fatty acid complex (ACP) because similar complexes can be prepared by the sequential addition of albumin to calcium in the presence of palmitic acid. These studies deal primarily with TBC from rat serum and the uptake of calcium by bone cells in palmitate-treated serum. It is reported that TBC does not exchange with ionized calcium and that calcium binds strongly to albumin in the presence of palmitate. The uptake of calcium in palmitate-treated serum is three times greater than the uptake of calcium in control serum in both in vitro and in vivo systems. These findings demonstrate that 1) a tightly bound albumin-calcium fraction is present in both human and rat sera; 2) calcium in TBC may be complexed to albumin via fatty acids; 3) TBC does not participate in the maintenance of the level of ionized calcium in serum and 4) circulating TBC or ACP complexes may be taken up by living cells. PMID- 7361888 TI - Sleep-promoting material from human urine and its relation to factor S from brain. AB - A sleep-promoting factor was extracted from human urine. Intraventricular infusion of the purified material induced excess slow-wave sleep in rats and rabbits for 5--10 h after the infusion. Chemical properties of the urinary factor were similar to those of factor S derived from whole brains of sleep-deprived goats, sheep, and rabbits. The behavior of the urinary factor in two ion exchange chromatographic steps, high voltage electrophoresis, gel-filtration, and ultrafiltration was similar to that of factor S. Effects of the purified urinary factor on slow-wave sleep of rats and rabbits were similar in time-course and duration to those of factor S from brain. However, the factor obtained from human urine did not increase the amplitude of cortical slow waves to the same extent as did factor S from brains of sleep-deprived animals. PMID- 7361889 TI - 5-Thio-D-glucose causes increased feeding and hyperglycemia in the rat. AB - 5-Thio-D-glucose (5TG) is a novel antimetabolic glucose analogue in which sulfur is substituted for the pyranose ring oxygen. Intracardiac infusion of 5TG caused dose-dependent increases in feeding and blood glucose concentrations. Increased food intake was reliably elicited by molar doses of 5TG that were one-third those necessary to reliably elicit feeding using 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG). 5TG also caused marked dose-related hyperglycemia. Plasma glucose concentrations after 5TG rose to levels 3 to 4.6 times as high as those measured after equimolar 2DG. 5TG induced hyperglycemia was reduced by only 40% after adrenalectomy. These results, taken together with known differences in the biochemical modes of action for 2DG and 5TG, suggest that feeding elicited by 5TG may result from interference with metabolic events different from or additional to those affected by 2DG. 5TG should be a useful new tool for investigation of the physiology of feeding behavior. PMID- 7361890 TI - Role of prostaglandins in contractile activity of the ampulla of the rabbit oviduct. AB - Contractile activity of the ampulla of rabbit oviducts removed 24 h after an ovulating injection was studied in vitro. Spontaneous activity, field-stimulated activity, and response to phenylephrine were studied in normal, reversed, and scraped (endosalpinx removed) sections of tissues in the presence or absence of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase (8 or 51 micrograms/ml indomethacin or 10 or 100 micrograms/ml 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETA)). The effects of in vivo treatment with 10 mg/kg of indomethacin on the same responses were examined. Scraped tissues produced more prostaglandin E and F (measured by radioimmunoassay) than did normal tissues, and this production was suppressed by 10 micrograms/ml of indomethacin or 100 micrograms/ml of ETA. Production of prostaglandin by normal tissues was not depressed by these compounds in vitro, but was significantly reduced by pretreatment of the animals with indomethacin in vivo. In the absence of the endosalpinx, the myosalpinx exhibited spontaneous activity and responded to field stimulation and phenylephrine. Scraped and reversed tissues, however, showed a faster decline in response to field stimulation than normal tissues, and this was due to the traumatization. By contrast, traumatization increased the sensitivity of the tissue to respond to phenylephrine. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase by low doses of indomethacin or ETA prevented desensitization of the tissue to field stimulation, but this desensitization was little affected by the higher doses of indomethacin in vitro or in vivo. ETA did not affect the phenylephrine dose-response curves and nor did 8 micrograms/ml of indomethacin, whereas the high dose was inhibitory. Spontaneous activity was only affected by the in vivo pretreatment with indomethacin, which prevented the decline in activity of scraped tissue with time. PMID- 7361891 TI - Lack of evidence for gastrointestinal control of sodium excretion in unanesthetized dogs. PMID- 7361892 TI - Theoretical model for glomerular filtration of charged solutes. AB - Previous experimental studies have revealed that for a given molecular size, the glomerular capillary wall restricts the passage of polyanions more than that of neutral macromolecules, and restricts transport of the latter more than that of polycations. We have developed a theoretical model of this charge-selectivity based on the following principal assumptions: a) all ions (tracer macromolecule and univalent cations and anions) obey a modified Nernst-Planck flux expression, including terms for convection and size-selective retardation; b) the capillary wall has a homogeneous distribution of fixed negative charges; and c) Donnan equilibria exist at the surfaces of this "membrane." To allow specific application of the model we measured electrophoretic mobilities of narrow fractions of dextran sulfate (DS) and diethylaminoethyl dextran (DEAE), and used these to estimate effective molecular charge as a function of molecular size. Based on these measurements and fractional clearance data for DS and DEAE reported previously for the normal Munich-Wistar rat, the capillary wall has an apparent fixed charge concentration of 120--170 meq/liter. The effects of this membrane charge on the filtration of water and on the transcapillary electrical potential difference are also discussed. PMID- 7361894 TI - Relationship between renal fluid and Mg secretion in a glomerular marine teleost. AB - Renal tubular fluid secretion has been studied in seawater-acclimated winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. Although this animal has a filtration kidney and a relatively high glomerular filtration rate (GFR = 1.35 ml . kg-1 . h 1), apparently more than half of the final urine volume was secreted fluid, and net fluid secretion was frequently observed. The dominant divalent ion excreted in the urine was Mg, of which 98% was secreted. A strong correlation (r = 0.98) was seen between secreted Mg and the rate of tubular fluid secretion. The calculated concentration of Mg in secreted fluid was 169 mM, a figure that was substantiated by values obtained for urine Mg concentration when urine flow was due almost entirely to tubular fluid secretion. Alterations in urine flow rate reflected changes in the rate of Mg secretion; however, no correlation was seen between GFR and secreted Mg, which may indicate independence of renal portal blood flow and glomerular blood flow. No relationship between Mg secretion and sodium reabsorption was apparent. These observations support the hypothesis that Mg secretion together with accompanying anions (Cl and SO4) accounts entirely for tubular fluid secretion in the winter flounder. PMID- 7361893 TI - Pathogenesis of renal hyperchloremic acidosis resulting from dietary potassium restriction in the dog: role of aldosterone. AB - In dogs dietary K+ restriction (16 days) results in diminished urinary net acid excretion (NAE) and systemic hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (sigma delta NAE, 200 meq; delta[HCO3-]p, -2.9 +/- 0.3 meq/liter, P less than 0.05). Urinary aldosterone (aldo) excretion decreased by 34 +/- 3% (P less than 0.001) and metabolic clearance rate of aldo increased by 80 +/- 17% (P less than 0.02) during K+ restriction. Daily subcutaneous injection of a small amount of exogenous aldo (20 micrograms) during K+ restriction significantly attenuated the reduction in NAE (sigma delta NAE -51 vs. -200 meq, P less than 0.05) without raising plasma aldo concentrations to levels greater than control. These findings suggest that hypoaldosteronism induced by potassium depletion is at least in part the cause of the observed renal tubular acidosis. In adrenalectomized (ADX) dogs maintained on fixed mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid replacement (aldo dose 60 micrograms/day), K+ restriction resulted in a significant degree of renal metabolic acidosis (delta[HCO3-]p, -1.4 +/- 0.3 meq/liter, P less than 0.01). In these ADX dogs, the exogenous supply of aldo was fixed but hypoaldosteronism may have developed owing to increased metabolic clearance rate of aldo caused by dietary K+ depletion. When mineralocorticoid replacement was withheld in ADX dogs, the steady-state degree of renal metabolic acidosis was no more severe in animals with preexisting dietary K+ depletion (16 days) than in the same animals when mineralocorticoid was withheld without preexisting K+ depletion. Thus, when neither endogenous nor exogenous aldo is present, K+ depletion does not result in a renal acidosis-producing effect that exacerbates that of aldo deficiency. The results of these studies suggest that the reduction in NAE and consequent metabolic acidosis induced by dietary K+ depletion is at least in part a consequence of aldo deficiency, and provide no evidence of an additional defect in acidification not caused by aldo deficiency. PMID- 7361896 TI - Nervous control of migratory myoelectric complex of the small bowel. AB - The effects on the migratory myoelectric complex (MMC) of transplantation of small bowel loops were investigated in miniature swine with chronically implanted bipolar electrodes. Four experimental models (A--D) were studied. In groups A and B, jejunal loops were either interchanged in sequence or transplanted to the ileum with preservation of intact neurovascular pedicles. In groups C and D, bowel segments were totally isolated and replanted in situ (group C) or as modified Thiry-Vella loops (group D). Weekly records of fasting myoelectrical activity were then taken. Group A and B animals showed reintegration of the transplanted bowel segments into a normal MMC sequence after a remodeling period. The replanted bowel segments of groups C and D displayed MMCs throughout the study period. The in situ replanted segments of group C were reintegrated into the normal sequence after a delay of 3--4 wk. These results indicate that the organization of the MMC is not solely determined by the extrinsic nervous system. PMID- 7361895 TI - Effect of DIDS on renal tubular transport. AB - Two stilbene derivates that had been used to covalently label the Cl- carrier in the erythrocyte were investigated for reactivity with the renal organic anion system. These compounds, 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DIDS) and (4,4'-diisothiocyano)-dihydrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (H2DIDS), were found to be potent inhibitors (Ki congruent to 35 microM) of p-aminohippurate (PAH) transport in the renal cortical slice without affecting tetraethylammonium (TEA) transport or tissue viability. During renal clearance studies performed in the perfused kidney, DIDS decreased the PAH/inulin clearance ratio to congruent to 1. When the possible renal transport of [3H]H2DIDS was investigated, the renal slice transport or binding of [3H]H2DIDS reached a slice-to-medium ratio of congruent to 6, and this accumulation was decreased by probenecid. In perfused kidney experiments, the [3H]H2DIDS/inulin clearance ratio was congruent to 0.8. Since probenecid reduced this clearance ratio to congruent to 0.5, there was the possibility that H2DIDS underwent tubular secretion. In conclusion, DIDS and H2DIDS interacted with the renal organic anion transport system, which indicated that these compounds were possible probes for this transport system. PMID- 7361897 TI - Gastric glucagon release during gastric and intestinal phase of a meal in dogs. AB - The intragastric instillation of a liver meal at pH 7 elicited a prompt and significant rise in gastric vein glucagon levels in anesthetized dogs. This was reduced by truncal vagotomy and by atropine. The liver meal at pH 2 elicited significantly smaller rise in gastric vein glucagon levels that was not reduced by truncal vagotomy, but was abolished by atropine. Infusion of gastrin-17 (0.1 micrograms . kg-1 . h-1) failed to increase gastric vein glucagon levels above the control group. Gastric glucagon release was significantly increased by intestinal instillation of the liver meal at pH 7. This was reduced by truncal vagotomy and atropine infusion. Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) (1 microgram . kg-1 . h-1), but neither CCK-octapeptide (0.5 microgram . kg-1 . h-1) nor secretin (1 CU . kg-1 . h-1), elicited a significant rise in gastric vein glucagon levels. It is concluded that 1) gastric glucagon release is stimulated during the gastric and intestinal phase of a meal, 2) gastric glucagon release is stimulated by GIP, and 3) gastric glucagon release is modified by vagal and muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms, suggesting a neuroendocrine influence on its release. PMID- 7361898 TI - Effect of genetic diabetes on enzymes of mouse intestinal brush-border membrane. AB - Activities of intestinal enzymes were measured in genetically diabetic mouse of strain C57BL/KsJ-dbm to determine the long-term effects of genetic and uncontrolled diabetes on intestinal digestive function. Specific activities of enzymes were measured in intestinal homogenates, brush-border membrane fractions, and everted sacs from diabetic mice and their littermate controls. Sucrase, maltase, trehalase, alkaline phosphatase, and leucylnaphthylamidase activities were elevated in diabetes; lactase did not show any changes. The increases in disaccharidase activities in diabetes were in homogenates from both proximal and distal intestine but the increases in distal were more pronounced than in the proximal. Measurement of enzyme activities in brush-border membrane fractions showed a pattern similar to that observed in homogenates. Hydrolysis of sucrose and trehalose by everted sacs was markedly higher in the diabetic mice. It is therefore concluded that in genetic diabetes the digestive function of the intestine is stimulated, that the increased enzymes were incorporated into the brush-border membrane, and that the additional enzymes are accessible to the substrates in the intestinal lumen and so of physiological significance. PMID- 7361899 TI - Effects of vitamin D on the absorption and retention of lead. AB - A relationship between lead retention and vitamin D has been recognized for many years, but the reasons for this association remained unknown. In rats, the manipulation of dietary vitamin D content had no significant effect on the absorption of lead from isolated gut loops and parenteral vitamin D stimulation did not affect lead absorption in rachitic animals. In contrast, dietary vitamin D deficiency and repletion resulted in increased absorption in intact animals due to prolonged gastrointestinal transit time. Both dietary vitamin D deficiency and repletion were associated with decreased body retention of radiolead given intravenously. Further, single doses of parenteral vitamin D administered to animals previously given tracer radiolead resulted in a dose-related enhancement of lead excretion and changes in tissue lead content. PMID- 7361901 TI - Active secretion of hypoxanthine and xanthine by guinea pig jejunum in vitro. AB - Isolated epithelium of guinea pig jejunum secretes hypoxanthine and xanthine by a transport process that is capable of uphill transport and dependent on metabolic energy supply. Unidirectional influx of hypoxanthine across both the luminal and the contraluminal cell membrane appears to be saturable; influx across the contraluminal membrane is inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). Efflux across the luminal membrane is diminished by DNP; efflux across the contraluminal membrane is increased by DNP. This evidence suggests the existence of a mediated transport system both in the luminal and the contraluminal cell membrane. Additionally, intracellular metabolism of hypoxanthine seems to regulate transepithelial permeation: increased hypoxanthine salvage by the phosphoribosyltransferase reduces the rate of secretion. However, the incorporation of hypoxanthine into the nucleotides is limited when the hypoxanthine is added to the luminal side of the epithelium, and the permeation rate in the absorptive direction is not markedly influenced by the rate of hypoxanthine salvage. These findings are a further example of the functional orientation of the jejunal epithelial cells with respect to enzymic activity and transepithelial transport properties. PMID- 7361900 TI - Intravenous indomethacin and aspirin reduce basal gastric mucosal blood flow in dogs. AB - The effect of two known inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, indomethacin and aspirin, on blood flow was studied in six Heidenhain pouch and three antral pouch dogs. The unstimulated gastric mucosa was bathed with 0.15 M HCl and clearance of [14C]-aminopyrine was used as an index of changes in mucosal blood flow. [14C]aminopyrine clearance was measured during three 15-min predrug periods and five 15 min-postdrug periods. Either indomethacin (10 mg . kg-1), aspirin (100 mg . kg-1), or 0.15 M NaCl were given intravenously as a bolus. Indomethacin reduced mucosal blood flow in the Heidenhain pouch 52% (P less than 0.05) and in the antral pouch 52% (P less than 0.05). Aspirin reduced Heidenhain pouch mucosal blood flow 31% (P less than 0.05). Indomethacin caused no significant change in electrical potential difference or in net flux of H+ or Na+ in Heidenhain pouches. Indomethacin (10 mg . kg-1 iv) produced no change in mean arterial pressure. We conclude that indomethacin and aspirin reduce unstimulated gastric mucosal blood flow, suggesting that endogenous prostaglandin may contribute to its maintenance. PMID- 7361902 TI - Effects of diet calcium and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on colon calcium active transport. AB - Unidirectional fluxes of calcium were studied in the absence of electrochemical gradients across rat descending colon segments in vitro. Dietary calcium restriction and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3]enhanced absorption by increasing the mucosal-to-serosal fluxes, whereas secretory (serosal-to-mucosal) fluxes were unchanged. Low-calcium diet also stimulated calcium uptake by everted gut sac segments of ascending as well as descending colon, whereas transverse colon was unresponsive. These results show that the colon is a target organ for 1,25-(OH)2D3 and demonstrate the participation of colon in the intestinal adaptation to calcium deprivation. PMID- 7361903 TI - Regular and irregular cycles of interdigestive contractions in the stomach. AB - We have previously reported that during the interdigestive state repeated episodes of high-amplitude contractions interrupted by long-lasting motor quiescence were seen to occur regularly until the next meal in the dog. However, none of the dogs used in our laboratory showed such regular changes in gastric motor pattern all the time during the interdigestive state. In the present study, we measured plasma motilin concentrations and intraduodenal pH together with gastric motor activity in conscious dogs. It was found that as long as intraduodenal pH remained between 7.0 and 8.5 the regular occurrence of the interdigestive contractions was closely associated with increases in the plasma immunoreactive motilin (IRM) concentration. However, when intraduodenal pH became acid, there were no typical interdigestive contractions even though plasma IRM concentration was elevated. We consider that high-amplitude contractions like the interdigestive contractions could not be evoked in the acid-secreting stomach even if the plasma IRM concentration was elevated during the interdigestive state. Acid secretion during the fasted state, the cause of which is not known, seems to be one of the main factors in disturbing the regularity of the interdigestive motor pattern. PMID- 7361904 TI - Aerobic limit of the heart perfused at constant pressure. AB - Autoregulatory adjustments in coronary vascular resistance (CVR) and O2 extraction (O2E) maintain O2 supply so that cardiac performance is not normally limited by O2 availability. The presence of an aerobic limit beyond which O2 availability is inadequate for the level of O2 need, however remains to be elucidated. Toward this end, 14 paced isolated canine hearts were used; coronary perfusion pressure was held constant at either 80 mmHg (8 hearts, group 1) or 40 mmHg (6 hearts, group 2). Work and O2 consumption were varied by increments in ventricular filling pressure (EDP, 16--20 mmHg) and heart rate (HR, 150--220 beats/min) and by infusion of dobutamine (D, 6--43 micrograms/min). In group 1, the aerobic limit was achieved when average EDP was 18 +/- 0.6 mmHg; HR, 181 +/- 5 beats/min; and D, 14 +/- 2 micrograms/min; CVRmin was 45 +/- 3% of control (nonworking state) and O2Emax 80 +/- 2%. Beyond this limit, additional increments in HR or D were not accompanied by further coronary vasodilatation and resulted in a marked reduction in lactate extraction (delta L/L) to -13 +/- 3%, the onset of lactate production (8 +/- 0.9 mg/100 ml), a decline in developed isovolumetric force (12 +/- 2%), and the appearance of pulsus alternans (6 hearts/. In group 2, delta L/L became negative when EDP was 19 +/- 1 mmHg; HR, 156 +/- 11 beats/min; D, 5 +/- 1 microgram/min; while O2Emax was 82 +/- 0.9% and CVR fell 13 +/- 6.6% from control; pulsus alternans appeared in 5 of these 6 hearts. We conclude that under the condition of constant coronary perfusion pressure an aerobic limit of the heart can be demonstrated. When aerobic demand exceeds O2 capacity, lactate production results, ventricular performance declines, and pulsus alternans appears. PMID- 7361905 TI - Enhanced left ventricular shortening during chronic volume overload in conscious dogs. AB - Prior work with the arteriovenous fistula model indicates that left ventricular performance is at least normal and may be enhanced during chronic volume overload. The present study was undertaken in conscious dogs to determine whether ejection-phase indices of ventricular function are enhanced after 1 mo of volume overload, using an experimental design in which loading conditions could be accounted for and animals were used as their own controls before and after volume overload. We also examined the response of the volume-overloaded left ventricle to an afterload stress and the role of adrenergic stimulation in maintenance of function. Both at rest and during hemodynamically matched conditions, percent shortening (ultrasonic dimension gauges) and mean shortening rates were increased during volume overload. This difference was maintained during phenylephrine induced blood pressure elevation, although diastolic dimensions increased more in control studies during phenylephrine. Propranolol produced significantly larger reductions in these indices during volume overload than in the control state. Thus, ejection-phase function is enhanced during volume overload, at least in part due to increased adrenergic stimulation. PMID- 7361906 TI - Active vascular smooth muscle tone and venous membrane potentials during hemorrhage. AB - To clarify mechanisms leading to failure of compensatory vascular tone in splanchnic blood vessels during prolonged hypotensive stress, anesthetized rats were maintained at a constant mean arterial pressure of 35 mmHg by hemorrhage into an external reservoir until 40% autoinfusion of maximum bled volume. In vivo intracellular membrane potentials (Em) of small intestinal mesenteric veins (300- 500 micrometers) were measured before and during the compensatory (bleedout) and decompensatory (autinfusion) phases of the hypotensive period to assess the state of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) excitation. During the compensatory phase, Em decreased from -41 +/- 1 mV (prehemorrhage) to -31 +/- 2 mV, and small venous pressures decreased significantly. The onset of cardiovascular decompensation was associated with hyperpolarization (-53 +/- 3 mV), vasodilation, and return of venous pressure to control levels. Although direct electrical stimulation of the VSM and norepinephrine suffusion still produced constriction late in the hypotensive period, venoconstrictor responses to perivascular nerve stimulation failed progressively. This study indicates that failure of adrenergic neuromuscular transmission contributes significantly to the loss of compensatory VSM tone during hemorrhage. PMID- 7361907 TI - Systolic quick releases of nonexcised blood-perfused canine papillary muscle. AB - Systolic stiffness was studied in five coronary perfused twitching papillary muscles of canine right ventricles. The muscles beat at regular sinus rhythms at 37 degrees C. They were shortened quickly at about 10 muscle lengths/s in the middle of isometric contractions. Systolic force decreased exponentially with the shortening in the force-length diagram. Relating Lagrangian stress (sigma) and strain change (delta epsilon) relative to isometric length calculated from the force-length relationship curve during quick release, I found a linear relationship between ln sigma and delta epsilon. This indicates that the systolic stres-strain relationship of the canine papillary muscle can be approximated by an exponential curve, sigma = sigma m exp(k . delta epsilon), where sigma m = isometric stress at the onset of quick release. The mean +/- SE of the stiffness constant k was calculated to be 55 +/- 8 (dimensionless). These k values are greater than those of excised cat papillary muscles at 37 degrees C reported in literature. This difference in k values may be ascribed to the difference in the mechanical property of the uncut pinned end of the present preparation as opposed to the cut clamped end of the conventional preparation, although the canine and feline papillary muscles may simply have the different k values. PMID- 7361908 TI - Adenosine release during early and sustained exercise of canine skeletal muscle. AB - During contraction of skeletal muscle in the isolated dog hindlimb under constant flow perfusion, the specific activity of infused [8- 14C]adenosine (nonvasoactive concn) in venous effluents decreased to 7% of the resting level in 1.25 min and was associated with a concomitant decrease in vascular resistance to 39% of the resting value. Since this decrease in specific activity of labeled adenosine could have been due to 1) an enhanced adenosine release by parenchymal tissue, 2) an exercise-induced increase in the number of open capillaries (greater surface area) in the absence of increased adenosine production 3) some degree of tissue hypoxia, or 4) a combination of these factors, experiments with maximally dilated vessels were performed. Acetylcholine and a nonvasoactive concentration of [8- 14C]adenosine were continuously infused into an isolated dog hindlimb which was perfused at constant flow during periods of rest, contraction, and recovery while arterial oxygenation was maintained at normoxic levels. Approximately 2.75 min after the onset of contraction with the vascular bed maximally dilated, the specific activity of [8- 14C]adenosine in venous effluents decreased to 38% of the resting level while the venous Po2 decreased from 78 to 42 mmHg; the value of 42 mmHg indicates apparent absence of hypoxia in the muscle. These observations are consistent with the concept that adenosine release is involved in the vasodilation observed in contraction of skeletal muscle. PMID- 7361909 TI - Intestinal tissue PO2 and microvascular responses during glucose exposure. AB - The microvessels responsible for the major decrease in intestinal vascular resistance during the presence of glucose were defined. In addition, the normal distribution of tissue PO2 in the various layers of the intestinal tissue was measured at rest and during glucose exposure to determine if part of the absorptive hyperemia mechanism is related to a decrease in tissue PO2. In the rat small intestine, exposure of the mucosa only to glucose concentrations of 25--500 mg/100 causes a 20--25% dilation of all submucosal vessels in series with the mucosal vessels and mucosal arterioles. Total intestinal blood flow increased to 200-210% of control at all glucose concentrations. The tissue and perivascular PO2 in the villus apex decreased from 14.8 +/- 1.2 (SE) mmHg at rest to 6--8 mmHg during glucose exposure; the PO2 in the muscle and submucosal layers tended to slightly increase above a normal of 26.4 +/- 1.6 mmHg during glucose exposure. The data indicate virtually all intestinal arterioles are equally involved in absorptive hyperemia. The dilation of mucosal vessels may be related to a decrease in tissue PO2, but submucosal vessels dilate even though PO2 is slightly increased. PMID- 7361910 TI - Method for morphophysiological study of specific pial microvessels. AB - A method is described whereby specific segments of the pial vasculature of cats can be both physiologically and morphologically studied. This is accomplished by the insertion of a cranial window through which specific pial vessels can be visualized, illustrated, numbered in a simple sketch, and physiologically evaluated under both control and experimental conditions. Following these procedures, perfusion of aldehydes is initiated and the pia and associated vasculature are stripped from the cortical mantle. The thin velum of pia so obtained permits the direct visualization of the pial vasculature whose unchanged configuration can be matched to the appropriate previously sketched vessels whose individual physiological status is known. In turn these vessels are divided into alternate segments and are prepared for either scanning or transmission electron microscopy. The advantages of this methodology is exemplified by the fact that it provides the physiological status and morphological characteristics of the same microvascular segment. Although designed for the pial vasculature, this protocol may also prove of use in the study of other superficially coursing microvascular beds. PMID- 7361911 TI - Effects of pulsations on carotid sinus control of regional arterial hemodynamics. AB - Studies were conducted in halothane-anesthetized dogs to evaluate the interaction of mean and pulsatile components of carotid sinus perfusion pressure on the control of regional pressure-flow relations. Pressure and flow were measured simultaneously in the ascending aorta, celiac, mesenteric, renal, and iliac arteries. The carotid sinuses were bilaterally isolated and perfused under controlled conditions. Mean (CSP) and pulsatile components (CSPP) of carotid sinus pressure were varied systemically. Values of mean aortic pressure (AP) at the operating point (AP = CSP) decreased with increasing CSPP (127 +/- 5 at CSPP = 0 to 103 +/- 5 at CSPP = 60). Reflex gains at the operating point also decreased with increasing CSPP (-1.35 +/- 0.16 for CSPP = 0 to -0.92 +/- 0.18 for CSPP = 60). Changes in cardiac output and peripheral resistance nonuniformly contributed to these responses, with the former predominating at low CSPP and the later at high CSPP. Operating-point values of regional resistance generally decreased with increasing CSPP but to different degrees in the various beds. With increasing CSPP amplitude, regional resistance sensitivity at the operating point (i.e., slope) increased in the celiac and decreased in the mesenteric, renal, and iliac vascular beds. Separate changes in mean and pulsatile components of carotid sinus pressure about the normal operating point produce quantitatively similar changes in systemic hemodynamic variables. PMID- 7361913 TI - Reduced coronary collateral resistances after chronic ventricular sympathectomy. AB - Previous work has suggested that chronic ventricular sympathectomy causes a reduction in coronary collateral resistances. In the present experiments an isolated dog heart procedure was used to directly measure directional collateral resistances in 12 acutely denervated controls and 8 hearts that had undergone ventricular sympathectomy 2 wk earlier. In the procedure, the major coronary arteries were perfused separately but simultaneously during maximum vasodilation, and collateral resistances supplying the vascular beds of the arteries were determined by the double retrograde flow method. In the sympathectomized hearts, all collateral resistances were 47--65% less than in the controls (P less than 0.05). Also, in all hearts, minimum antegrade coronary resistances were determined from pressure-flow relationships in the major coronary arteries. Minimum coronary resistances in the 2 groups were not significantly different (P greater than 0.05). These results indicate that 2 wk of ventricular sympathectomy indeed causes a reduction in coronary collateral resistances, but has no effect on coronary resistances. PMID- 7361912 TI - Prostaglandins and exercise hyperemia of dog skeletal muscle. AB - The possibility that prostaglandins (PG) contribute to skeletal muscle exercise hyperemia was tested by blocking PG synthesis with indomethacin and by measuring muscle prostaglandin E (PGE) release. The anterior calf muscles of anesthetized dogs were stimulated at frequencies of 1 Hz, 3 Hz, and 6 Hz under conditions of free flow both before and after indomethacin (5 mg/kg). PGE release was elevated from 14.2 +/- 2.4 to 21.8 +/- 3.4 ng . min-1 . 100 g-1 (P less than 0.01) during stimulation at 3 Hz and from 17.5 +/- 5.1 to 39.2 +/- 9.8 ng . min-1 . 100 g-1 (P less than 0.05) during stimulation of 6 Hz. During exercise at 1 Hz, PGE release was not increased. Indomethacin blocked PGE release and the vascular response to arachidonic acid, but caused essentially no changes in blood flow, oxygen consumption, and vascular conductance during exercise at each frequency. Thus, although PGE release is increased during free flow exercise, inhibiting PG synthesis does not alter exercise hyperemia. However, resting vascular conductance is significantly decreased by indomethacin. PMID- 7361914 TI - Neurally mediated augmentation of arrhythmogenic properties of highly polar cardiac glycosides. PMID- 7361915 TI - Vascular reactivity to angiotensin II in the normotensive and hypertensive pregnant ewe. AB - The circulatory responses to progressively increasing doses of angiotensin II were studied in the same group of chronically instrumented unanesthetized pregnant sheep during three consecutive periods: a) normotensive with intact kidneys; b) normotensive with unilateral nephrectomy; and c) one-kidney hypertension. The results show that 1) the pressor response to a given dose of angiotensin was significantly greater in the normotensive than in the hypertensive condition; 2) uterine blood flow decreased markedly with the development of hypertension; 3) uterine circulatory response to angiotensin depended on the dosage; the response was less the the hypertensive than in the normotensive condition; 4) renal blood flow decreased and renal vascular resistance increased during angiotensin infusion, but the response was less in the hypertensive than in the normotensive condition; the response of the renal circulation decreased with increasing doses of angiotensin. These observations suggest a generalized vascular refractoriness to exogenous angiotensin II in the pregnant ewe with experimental renal hypertension. PMID- 7361916 TI - Role of adenosine in postocclusion coronary vasodilation. AB - Coronary vasodilation after brief (less than 15 s) occlusions was studied in closed-chest, anesthetized dogs, using constant-flow perfusion of a large coronary artery. We assumed occlusion duration to be a measure of the concentration of endogeneous adenosine and determined adenosine dose-response curves by varying occlusion duration and measuring the resulting drop in vascular resistance. The curves were compared to dose-response curves measured by continuously infusing adenosine. Both dose-response relations were found to follow the Hill equation for ligand receptor interaction; the slopes of the two curves were not significantly different, and the estimated adenosine accumulation rate in the myocardium was found to be in close agreement with data in the literature, measured by direct tissue assay. The time course of recovery of vascular tone after short occlusions was not very sensitive to flow, at least not for normal flow levels or higher. The results confirm that adenosine accumulation plays an important role in causing postocclusion vasodilation. However, autoregulation of coronary flow based on an adenosine washout mechanism additionally requires tissue clearance to be highly flow dependent for flow levels below normal, but approaches a constant value when flow increases above normal. PMID- 7361917 TI - Regional blood flow during digestion in the conscious dog. AB - Blood flows to the major organs of the resting conscious dog were measured prior to and 30 and 90 min after feeding using the radioactive microsphere technique. Mean systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, and arterial PO2, PCO2, and pH, as well as blood flow to the brain, heart, adrenals, skeletal muscle, hepatic artery, and gastric antrum were not significantly changed following the meal. Pancreatic and duodenal and jejunal blood flows increased at both 30 and 90 min, whereas ileal blood flow increased only at 90 min after feeding. Flow to the gastric body increased in only half of the fed animals, but it increased in all of the animals treated with histamine. In all cases where there was an increase in total wall flow the increase was confined to the mucosa-submucosal layer. Blood flow to the colon was unchanged except for a decrease in the distal colon at 30 min. Thus, the cardiovascular response to feeding appears to be limited to those organs and tissues actively involved in digestion. PMID- 7361918 TI - Role of prostaglandins in pial arteriolar response to CO2 and hypoxia. AB - The effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on the pial arteriolar responses to arterial hypercapnia, hypocapnia, and hypoxia was studied in anesthetized cats equipped with a cranial window for the observation of the pial microcirculation of the parietal cortex. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis was achieved by intravenous administration of indomethacin (3 mg/kg) or AHR-5850 (2-amino-3-benzoylbenzeneacetic acid, 50 mg/kg). It was shown that the administration of these agents inhibited substantially the vasodilation in response to topical application of arachidonic acid (100--200 micrograms/ml). Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis did not modify significantly the vasodilator responses to arterial hypercapnia or arterial hypoxia, nor the vasoconstrictor response to arterial hypocapnia. We conclude that endogenous prostaglandins are not mediators of these vascular responses in the pial microcirculation. PMID- 7361919 TI - Energy and current requirements for ventricular defibrillation using trapezoidal waves. AB - The threshold energy and current required for ventricular defibrillation was determined in dogs ranging in weight from 6.4 to 38 kg and in ponies ranging in weight from 40 to 101 kg. Trapezoidal waves, 10 ms in duration, with 10%, 50%, 70%, and 90% tilt were applied to transchest electrodes. For all values of tilt, the energy and current required increased with body weight. The energy dose (joules per kilogram of body weight) was higher for the heavier animals, whereas the current dose (peak amperes per kilogram of body weight) was essentially the same for dogs and ponies. In both species and for all four waveforms, the percent success increased with increasing energy and current dose. For all four waveforms and for both species, the threshold average current required for defibrillation was between 0.38 and 0.48 A/kg, indicating that average current may be a convenient unit to compare the efficacy of different waveforms. PMID- 7361920 TI - Acetylcholine lengthens action potentials of sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - The effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on the electrical activity of sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers was studied using standard microelectrode techniques. Most fibers showed a definite sequence of changes when exposed to ACh. Initially, action potential duration (APD) increased markedly. After about 20 s, the maximum diastolic potential (MDP) started to become more negative and, at the same time, the rate of increase in APD slowed. Once the MDP stabilized at a more negative level, the APD usually resumed its rapid increase. ACh also increased the slope of diastolic depolarization and made the plateau voltage more positive. APD was increased by ACh concentrations as low as 10(-7) M, and it increased with concentrations up to 10(-5) M (the highest concentration tested). ACh-induced increases in APD depended on the stimulation frequency; 2-min exposures to 10(-6) M ACh increased APD by 76.8 +/- 14.7% at 6 min-1 and 17.7 +/- 4.2% at 60 min-1. Atropine blocked all the effects of ACh. Hexamethonium did not prevent the ACh effects. It is concluded that ACh acts via muscarinic receptors. The changes in APD and MDP appear to be separate events, and it is difficult to see how the former effect may be explained by known actions of ACh. PMID- 7361921 TI - Effect of hyperoxia on regional blood flow after coronary occlusion in awake dogs. AB - The effect of 100% oxygen inhalation on regional transmural myocardial blood flow following 45 s of actue total left circumflex coronary artery occlusion was studied in six awake dogs chronically instrumented with a coronary occluder and catheters in the aorta and left atrium. After inhalation of either room air or 100% oxygen for at least 30 min and following the 45-s occlusion, transmural myocardial blood flow was determined with radioactive microspheres (7--10 micrometers). Each dog underwent two occlusions of the left circumflex coronary artery; one during inhalation of rrom air and the other during 100% oxygen. During room air inhalation, mean regional myocardial blood flow to nonischemic, intermediate, and ischemic regions was 0.92 +/- 0.05, 0.51 +/- 0.08, and 0.10 +/- 0.02 ml . min-1 . g-1, respectively. During 100% oxygen administration, flow was significantly diminished in each region to 0.75 +/- 0.04, 0.41 +/- 0.07, and 0.06 +/- 0.01 ml . min-1 . g-1, respectively. Transmural blood flow to each layer was uniformly reduced in all regions. These data indicate that 100% oxygen further reduces myocardial blood flow to ischemic regions. PMID- 7361923 TI - A servo-controlled roller pump for cardiovascular research. AB - This paper describes a servo-controlled roller pump system that can be applied to a variety of experimental situations that require either flow or pressure control. The roller pump employs a special race design that nearly eliminates the outflow pulsations inherent in conventional roller pumps. This pump simplifies servo-system design because the outflow rate is related to rotor speed by a fixed constant throughout a pump cycle. The system can control either speed or, with an appropriate feedback signal from an external transducer and preamplifier, the pressure on the output side of the pump. The time constant of the step response under speed control is less than 0.01 s, whereas that for pressure control is less than 0.2 s. System operation in the speed mode is independent of pump loading. In the pressure control mode, system operation is optimized for particular loading conditions by a single gain control. The pump can control pressure in loads ranging from a blind-ended tube through loads accepting up to 1 l/min. PMID- 7361924 TI - Investigating grief reactions. PMID- 7361925 TI - On "I": the conceptual foundations of responsibility. AB - In clinical practice, great emphasis is placed on the patient's being responsible, yet the conceptual bases of this therapeutic posture are obscure. The author examines the conceptual foundations of responsibility by focusing on the subjective "I". Although "I" is widely considered to be an empty term, signifying only an illusory "ghost in the machine," the author argues that our acquaintance with "I" is acceptable at face value. "I" is strictly identified with the tacit, rule-governed, grammatical actions of distinguishing (or meaning) that constitute the experienced personal world. The author discusses the clinically important distinction between "having" and "assuming" responsibility. PMID- 7361922 TI - Redox transitions in mitochondria of cat cerebral cortex with seizures and hemorrhagic hypotension. AB - Fluorometry and dual-wave-length spectrophotometry were used to detect transitory shifts in the redox state of mitochondrial NADH and cytochrome aa3 in the exposed cerebral cortex of anesthetized paralyzed cats as seizures were induced with pentylenetetrazol. In normotensive animals, NADH and cytochrome aa3 oxidation accompany the seizures, but when the mean arterial pressure (MAP) is reduced to 40.2 +/- 1.1% of the base line by hemorrhaging, the NADH fluorescence response converts to a biphasic oxidation-reduction sequence. In extreme hypotension (MAP lowered to an average of 28%), only NAD reduction transients are observed with seizures, and cytochrome aa3 is oxidized irrespective of the low MAP. Our data show that a reversible perfusion impairment, perhaps inhomogeneous in its distribution, appears in the cortex at the 40% MAP level and modifies electron flux in the respiratory chain between NADH and cytochrome aa3, and uniform oxygen insufficiency is an unlikely cause for the reversal of NADH oxidation toward reduction during seizures under hypovolemic conditions. PMID- 7361926 TI - Factors in medical students' choice of psychiatry. AB - The authors review the literature on and systematize the factors influencing medical students' choice of psychiatry as a specialty. The results indicate that students who are single, from large metropolitan areas, uninterested in religion, politically liberal, interested in humanitarian ideas, who score low in authoritarianism, have a high capacity to tolerate ambiguity, have a high level of anxiety and fear of death, and have low self-esteem are likely to choose psychiatry. In medical school, the students likely to choose psychiatry have a lower class rank and express positive attitudes toward psychiatry and psychiatrists. Exposure to and taking responsiblity for patients, especially patients with good prognoses, are crucial factors encouraging students to be psychiatrists. PMID- 7361928 TI - Follow-up of 17 biologic male transsexuals after sex-reassignment surgery. AB - The authors followed up 17 biologic male transsexuals who had received sex reassignment surgery an average of 8.2 years previously. Information was collected from the transsexuals, their partners, and family members when appropriate; MMPI scores were obtained from 12. No changes in levels of psychopathology and only modest gains overall in economic functioning and interpersonal relationships were found. Larger gains were made in sexual satisfaction and being accepted by family members. None of the 17 transsexuals had doubts about having had the surgery. The authors believe that for a select group surgery is still the best means of coping with transsexualism and that an individual's adjustment before surgery is one of the best indicators of success in coping with the stress of surgery. PMID- 7361927 TI - Choosing psychiatry: the importance of psychiatric education in medical school. AB - Because of the recent decline in the number of U.S. medical graduates choosing to specialize in psychiatry, it is important to reexamine the process of how a student chooses a psychiatric career. The author explores the influence of medical school psychiatric education on the subsequent choice of a psychatric career. The quality of medical school education was measured roughly by priority scores assigned during National Institutes of Mental Health peer review of grant applicatons from medical schools across the United States. Priority scores correlated positively (.17 to .29) with the percentage of each school's graduates entering psychiatric training. The author discusses the implications of these correlations. PMID- 7361929 TI - Epidemiology of dysphoria and depression in an elderly population. AB - The authors surveyed 997 elderly people living in the community and found that the rate of significant dysphoric symptomatology was 14.7%. Forty-five (4.5%) of these individuals suffered from dysphoric symptoms only, and 37 (3.7%) had symptoms of a major depressive disorder. Eighteen (1.8%) suffered from symptoms of primary depressive disorder and 19 (1.9%) from symptoms of secondary depressive disorder. Sixty-five (6.5%) had depressive symptoms associated with impaired physical health. The frequency of widowhood, impairment in social resources, and impairment in economic resources was greater for individuals with symptoms of a major depressive disorder. The entire sample used psychiatric services at a very low rate. PMID- 7361930 TI - Unmasking masked depression in children and adolescents. AB - The authors examined depressive symptoms and behavior disorders in 102 systematically interviewed children aged 7 to 17 years to elucidate the category of masked depression. They found that it was possible to diagnose these children using adult research criteria and that more children with depression were identified using a systematic interview than were identified using standard evaluation procedures. Although children with a depressive disorder may also exhibit behavior disorders that overshadow the depression, an alert clinician conducting a thorough interview should be able to identify the "masked" depression. PMID- 7361931 TI - Psychosocial aspects of neoplastic disease: I. Functional status of breast cancer patients during different treatment regimens. AB - The authors studied 146 breast cancer patients representing three different treatment regimens by means of a structured interview, open-ended questions, and a modified Psychiatric Status Schedule. The major findings indicated that physical disability did not necessarily relate to an increase in emotional disturbance. The most emotionally disturbing time was the first recurrence of the breast cancer, and the most common disturbance reported in all three treatment groups was in the area of mate role functioning. In addition, adjuvant radiation therapy was a potent source of distress during primary cancer treatment, and at least one-third of all patients in each category reported needing help with household chores. PMID- 7361932 TI - Emotion as personal creation: a psychoanalytic and psychological perspective. AB - In their daily work psychotherapists rely on theoretical underpinnings derived from psychoanalysis. Many have come to rely on exaggerations of the notion of abreaction or catharsis, the so-called "expressing of feelings." This notion, implicit in psychoanalytic metapsychology, consists of a substantive, thing-like conception of emotion. Patients are seen as victims of demonic emotions that overwhelm them and compel them to act in various ways and "cause" them to suffer painfully. The author believes that a truly psychoanalytic and psychological perspective views patients as the creators of their emotional behaviors. PMID- 7361933 TI - Rare birds, queer ducks, or an endangered species? PMID- 7361934 TI - Mitral valve prolapse syndrome in agoraphobic patients. AB - Twenty-five agoraphobic women were compared with 23 controls for the presence of mitral valve prolapse syndrome (MVP). All subjects underwent cardiac examination, electrocardiography, phonocardiography, and echocardiography. Eleven of the agoraphobic patients had MVP; 5 had echo findings alone, 3 had both auscultory and echo findings, and 3 had auscultory findings alone. Two controls had evidence of MVP, both with echo findings alone. Echo chamber size and wall motion were similar in both groups. One patient had inferior T wave changes on ECG while all controls had normal tracings. The authors conclude that a significant number of agoraphobic patients have MVP and discuss the thoretical and clinical implications of this association. PMID- 7361935 TI - Psychiatric diagnosis of morbidly obese gastric bypass patients. AB - Eighty morbidly obese patients who had had gastric bypass operations were interviewed for psychiatric diagnoses using DSM-III criteria. The lifetime prevalence of Axis I clinical psychiatric diagnoses was 47.5%, with depressive disorders occurring in 28.7% of the total sample. No other diagnosis exceeded a 2.5% prevalence. The authors believe there is no evidence of an increased prevalence of major psychiatric disorder in obese persons when strictly defined diagnostic criteria are used. PMID- 7361936 TI - Violent deaths as a leading cause of mortality: an epidemiologic study of suicide, homicide, and accidents. AB - In the United States violent deaths (suicide, homicide, and accidents) are the leading cause of deaths in people aged 1-39 and the third leading cause of death for people of all ages. Violent death rates have tended to decrease since 1900. Among 15-24-year-olds, however, the violent death rate is currently the highest ever recorded in this country, and suicide and homicide rates among people aged 5 14 and 15-24 are as high or higher than any previous recordings. The quantity of expected life lost through violent deaths is greater than that for any other cause of death. PMID- 7361937 TI - Perceived statutory applicability versus clinical desirability of emergency involuntary hospitalization. AB - The authors used a questionnaire survey conducted by mail in 1975 to assess psychiatrists' perceptions of the applicability of two jurisdictions' statutes for emergency involuntary hospitalization and the desirability of such hospitalization in four case vignettes. The great majority of the 287 respondents agreed that the statutes were applicable and hospitalization was desirable for individuals who were at risk for suicide and who were psychotic. Most of them also agreed that such hospitalization was neither legally applicable nor desirable for nonpsychotic, nonsuicidal people. Their perceptions of applicability versus desirability differed, however, regarding people who were nonsuicidal but psychotic or nonpsychotic but suicidal. PMID- 7361938 TI - Assessing the acute inpatient psychiatric needs of the state hospital patient. AB - Regulators have a major opportunity to enhance the community care of former state hospital patients through their power to authorize additional general hospital psychiatric beds. The authors propose a series of clinical criteria for such regulators based on a review of state hospital admissions. These include provisions for patients who have chronic illness with repeated hospitalizations, who are involuntarily admitted, who have alcoholism, and who are impoverished. Further implications for general hospital units include specific changes in their treatment strategy, their links to facilities for ambulatory patients, and their provisions for staff education and support. PMID- 7361939 TI - Clinical response and serum neuroleptic levels in childhood schizophrenia. PMID- 7361940 TI - Monitoring nortriptyline plasma concentrations. PMID- 7361941 TI - Treatment of haloperidol abuse with diphenhydramine. PMID- 7361942 TI - Hemodialysis, endorphins, and schizophrenia. PMID- 7361944 TI - Paranoid psychosis and sleep apnea syndrome. PMID- 7361943 TI - Tricyclic antidepressant prescription by general hospital physicians. PMID- 7361945 TI - The role of grandmothers in transsexualism. PMID- 7361946 TI - Comments on commitment. PMID- 7361948 TI - Children's sensitivity to projective identification. PMID- 7361947 TI - Comments on commitment. PMID- 7361949 TI - Sex differences and tardive dyskineasia. PMID- 7361950 TI - Pain insensitivity in psychotic patients. PMID- 7361951 TI - Chiropractic: professional controversy and public policy. PMID- 7361952 TI - Do the obese remain obese and the lean remain lean? PMID- 7361953 TI - Los Angeles airport noise and mortality--faulty analysis and public policy. AB - A well-publicized investigation in Los Angeles showed a higher mortality rate in 1970-1971 among residents in a high-noise area near Los Angeles International Airport than in a low-noise control area. The authors of this report attributed the difference to the effects of jet aircraft noise. A reanalysis of the data did not confirm the original results. Once the confounding effects of age, race, and sex were taken into account by direct and indirect methods of standardization, there was little difference in the mortality experience of the airport and control areas. Adjusted mortality rates due to all causes, cardiovascular diseases, or cerebrovascular disease did not differ appreciably between the two areas and were nearly identical to those of Los Angeles County during 1970. PMID- 7361954 TI - Methodological issues in health care surveys of the Spanish heritage population. AB - This paper examines national survey data on access to medical care to explore methodological issues associated with conducting health care surveys of Spanish heritage persons. These include problems of identifying and sampling such groups, achieving respondent cooperation, designing valid interview protocols, and controlling biases that may result from the cultural specificity of the concepts being studied. The findings suggest that more attention should be given to the following in designing health care surveys of Spanish-heritage individuals: cultural and economic heterogeneity of "Spanish-heritage" grouping, validity studies of health care utilization, and yea-saying tendencies related to health care attitude items. Given that there is a paucity of information available on methodological problems associated with health care surveys of Spanish-heritage persons, these analyses should serve to inform researchers of issues to be taken into account in designing such studies and to suggest useful hypotheses to explore in evaluating the validity of social survey data on minority (especially non-English speaking) populations' health care practices. PMID- 7361956 TI - Natural history of obesity in 6,946 women between 50 and 59 years of age. AB - A health survey of 6946 50-to-59 year-old women of TOPS, an organization for weight reduction, was used to study the natural history of obesity. Weight history was compared for four groups of women divided on the basis of their per cent above ideal body weight (IBW) in their 50s (less than 20%, 20-49%, 50-99% and 100+%). In each of the four groups, the majority of women were not obese by age 20. Sixteen per cent of the women who were 100+% overweight in their 50s were not obese at anytime during their first 30 years of life. Thirty-six per cent of the women who were 50-99% about IBW were not overweight at anytime prior to their 30th birthday. The history of obesity prior to age 30 was not associated with weight gain between the ages of 30 and 50. These data suggest: 1) than there is no critical time for the development of obesity, and 2) that previous weight history is not a dominant factor in determining subsequent weight gain. PMID- 7361955 TI - The health of Mexican Americans: evidence from the human population laboratory studies. AB - Data are presented from sample surveys conducted in 1974 (N = 3,119) and 1975 (N = 657) in Alameda County, California, by the Human Population Laboratory. Mexican Americans are compared to Anglos and Blacks on selected health status indicators; chronic conditions, disability, symptoms and a summary measure, the Physical Health Spectrum. Comparisons of crude percentages indicate that, compared to Anglos, Blacks report having more chronic conditions, more disability and more symptoms, while Chicanos generally report fewer health problems than these two groups. Controlling for the effects of age, sex, education, family income, marital status, and perceived health reduces the Anglo/Black differentials in reported health problems, primarily by reducing the rates for Blacks. However, even after adjustment the prevalence rates for Blacks remain higher. After controlling for the effects of the six covariates, the rates for Chicanos remain essentially unchanged in both samples, e.g., lower than the other groups. Results of binary regression analysis indicate that the two most powerful predictors of health status in both samples are age/sex and perceived health. Ethnicity overall is not a good predictor of health status, accounting for 1 per cent or less of the explained variance. Socioeconomic status, while predicting slightly better than ethnicity, still accounts for less than 2% of the variance in health status. PMID- 7361957 TI - Changing trends in hypertension detection and control: the Chicago experience. AB - Of 177,692 persons screened in 1977 as part of an ongoing City-Wide Hypertension Screening Program in Chicago, 14,988 (8.4%) had diastolic blood pressure (BP) greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg as compared to 13.2% of a similar population in 1976. Only 7% (3,910) of the hypertensive population (diastolic BP greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg or presently on antipressor drugs) had previously undetected hypertension in contrast to 11.9% (4,184) the year before and 48.7% in the same community in 1972. Conversely, 73.2% (40,738) had adequately controlled blood pressure as contrasted to 59.3% (20,897) the previous year and 20.6% in 1972. Of the remaining hypertensives, 7.5% (4,201) were known but not treated and 12.3% (6,824) were under treatment but not controlled in contrast to 12.1% (4,251) and 16.8% (5,905) respectively the year before. This upward trend in controlled hypertension was present in all strata of the population. PMID- 7361959 TI - Evaluation of a decentralized system for chronic disease care: seven years of observation. AB - Observations of a publicly-financed system for the medical care of a large number of persons with chronic diseases have been made over seven years. The system combines decentralized, nurse-staffed neighborhood clinics, operated by a public health department, with a central referral clinic for consultations and the management of complicated problems. After seven years in the chronic disease program 55% of 1,004 patients with diagnoses of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiac diseases were still receiving care, 19% had died, and 26% had been lost to the program. In the seventh year, the mean diastolic blood pressure in hypertensives was 84 mm Hg and the mean serum glucose in diabetics was 203 mg/dl. For the group under care, hospital days/1000/year were 74% of the rate during the year before referral to the program and out-patient visits/1000/year were approximately the same as before referral. However, two-thirds of the visits, formerly made to a public hospital, were now being made to neighborhood clinics. The system appears to be an effective method of providing medical services for persons who formerly used the public hospital as their source of outpatient care. PMID- 7361958 TI - Mortality surveillance in collaborative trials. AB - The Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program (HDFP) carried out two pilot surveillances covering the enumerated population to test procedures to be used in assessing the ability of the program to influence life expectancy in the total population. A rigorously sequenced pilot survey of 2,611 households was conducted and carefully monitored through two mailings, telephone contacts, home visits, and communication with "contact" persons. The response rates at each stage varied among the 13 centers. Overall, there was a 42.7% yield from the first mailing; 42.5% of those receiving a second mailing was completed; 78.0% for telephone 61.3% for the home visits and 55.2% from the "contact" persons. Overall, 97.4% of all persons had vital status ascertained. The second phase relaxed the rigorous sequential survey requirements and reduced the reporting requirements from every ten days to monthly. Overall, 93.3% were successfully ascertained. Reduced survey structure, slightly increased mobility (from 12% to 13%), increased workload from 200 to 400 households per center, and a longer time interval between initial enumeration and the mortality ascertainment are among the reasons for performance decline. PMID- 7361960 TI - II. IHD mortality and the business cycle in Australia. PMID- 7361961 TI - Heart disease mortality: changing terminology, diagnostic fashions, and capabilities. PMID- 7361962 TI - Problems in the analysis and interpretation of ecological data. PMID- 7361963 TI - Does chiropractic utilization substitute for less available medical services? AB - In Muscatine, Iowa, a medically underserved rural area, a cohort study of health care utilization was made before and after a significant increase in medical manpower. There was a slight increase, rather than a decrease, in the use of chiropractic services associated with the growth in the physician manpower pool. The level of access to physician services was not a significant predictor of chiropractice utilization. PMID- 7361964 TI - Missed opportunities for early diagnosis of cancer of the cervix. AB - In a low-income community, 52% of new invasive cancer of the cervix arose in women who had no previous Pap smear, while 62% arose in women with no smear within five years. In the previous five years, 73% of the unscreened women had received ambulatory medical care (including 41% who had regular care for chronic conditions), while 16% were hospitalized. Much of the unscreened low-income population could be reached by routine screening in regular ambulatory health services and hospitals. PMID- 7361966 TI - Effectiveness of a mailed reminder on the immunization levels of infants at high risk of failure to complete immunizations. AB - The Ohio Department of Health initiated a program of mailing an immunization reminder to the mothers of six-month-old children predicted to be at high risk of failure to receive vaccinations based on birth certificate information. The evaluation results indicated a 50% gain in immunizations amongst children whose parents received the letter when compared with those not receiving the letter. PMID- 7361965 TI - Cigarette smoking and age at natural menopause. AB - In a cohort of 656 naturally postmenopausal women who were interviewed at age 60 to 69 years, and was had reached their menopause between the ages of 35 and 59 years, the mean age at menopause declined with increasing number of cigarettes smoked, from 49.4 years of age among women who had never smoked to 47.6 years of age among women who smoked at least 15 cigarettes per day (p less than 0.02). The relationship was not attributable to the onset of menopause inducing women to take up smoking. PMID- 7361967 TI - The confrontation between national health planning and the federal anti-trust laws. PMID- 7361968 TI - Disputes over water quality policy: professional cultures in conflict, 1900-1917. PMID- 7361969 TI - Investigating industrially-related diseases. PMID- 7361970 TI - The Western social order. PMID- 7361971 TI - Marxian interpretation of coronary care technology. PMID- 7361973 TI - A comparison between the transpatellar tendon and the lateral approach to the knee joint during arthroscopy. A cadaver study. AB - The cental transpatellar tendon arthroscopic approach and the standard lateral approach were compared in 200 unselected cadaver knees. A 5-mm arthroscopic dummy was used in the investigation. In 198 knees, using the transpatellar tendon approach, the dummy passed through the infrapatellar fat pad. In 7 cases with the transpatellar approach and in 22 cases with the lateral approach, we were unable to reach the medial posterior compartment of the knee joint. It was usually easier to insert the arthroscopic dummy into the posterior fossa if the knee joint was held at 35 to 40 degrees of flexion of the knee than at 90 degress of flexion. In 88 of 100 knees, the dummy could be passed from the transpatellar approach into the lateral posterior fossa and in 77 of 100 knees from the lateral approach. Patella baja was found in 16 knees (8%). Since the transpatellar tendon approach should not be used in these cases, it means that this technique cannot be used in all cases. From an anatomical point of view, the transpatellar tendon method thus does not offer any major advantages compared to the standard lateral one. PMID- 7361972 TI - Further comments on ideology interpreting medical care phenomena. PMID- 7361974 TI - Trends in skiing injuries. Analysis of a 6-year study (1972 to 1978). AB - The trends in skiing injuries showed a decrease during a study conducted over six seasons, 1972 to 1978, at a Vermont ski resort. Over 11,000 interviews were conducted and nearly 1,000 control skiers were evaluated. The injuries totaled 1,711 in 407,600 skier days. Upper body injuries (pelvis, trunk, neck, head, and upper extremities) totaled 713 (42%) and lower extremity injuries totaled 998 (58%). Eighty percent of the lower extremity injuries were classified as (potentially) equipment related. The overall injury rate decreased 41% (upper body, 25%; lower extremity equipment-related (LEER), 43%; and lower extremity nonequipment-related rate was down 71%). Knee sprains did not decline as rapidly as the tibial fractures and ankle sprains. An increase in the relative frequency of properly functioning equipment is primarily responsible for the decline in LEER injuries. Although the relative frequency of properly adjusted bindings is increasing, more than one-half of the equipment in use is still set higher than recommended. Cooperation between all individuals responsible for equipment design, manufacture, installation, and use must continue, if further improvements in alpine skiing safety are to be realized. PMID- 7361976 TI - Anatomical and physiologic characteristics to predict football ability. Report of study methods and correlations, University of Arkansas, 1976. AB - In a prospective study of 56 scholarship players at the University of Arkansas in 1976, 14 anatomical and physiologic measurements were carried out on each of the 56 players, to include certain orthopaedic strength, power, and balance tests, and compared to the coaches' subjective ratings of football ability in an effort to determine which characteristics best correlate to the athlete's true performance. The correlation matrix for the criterion measure and the predictor variables of selected anatomical strength, balance, and power measures are presented, and the results of the study indicate that genu varum (0.445) and tibial torsion (-0.33) had the highest correlation with the coaching criterion variable. The average tibial torsion was 42.6 for these scholarship athletes, while normal average tibial torsion among a nonscholarship group was 27.40 degrees. Other anatomical characteristics measured, as well as strength and power measure, could not reach the critical level of +/- 0.263 to be significant at the 0.05 level, although horsepower was close (0.255). The Margaria-Kalamen power test was significantly related to the 40-yard dash, and a moderately good measure of football ability. PMID- 7361975 TI - The throw: biomechanics and acute injury. AB - The throw and its modifications are integral components of many sports. This study correlates case histories of acute injuries in throwing with a biomechanical analysis of the throwing mechanism. Comparisons are made with a similar analysis of the kick analyzed by the same film technique and computer program. Just prior to ball release, the pitching arm extends through an arc of about 73 degress in 40 msec, beginning with the elbow flexed at 80 degrees. This produces an axial load on the humerus and coincides with a pulse of external torque at the shoulder. This acts as stress protection to the humerus which is developing an internal torque of 14,000 inch-lb prior to ball release. The change in angular velocity, or the angular acceleration, during the throw is acquired in a much shorter time than in the kick. Torque is directly proportional to angular acceleration. This necessitates the development of substantially higher torques in the humerus during the throw than about the knee during a kick. The kinetic energy in the arm is 27,000 inch-lb during the throw. This is much higher than the kinetic energy in the kicking leg because the kinetic energy varies proportionally with the square of the angular velocity of the extremity. The angular velocity of the arm is about twice that of the leg. Thus, the pitching arm contains about four times as much kinetic energy as the kicking leg. These severe overloading conditions predispose the upper extremity to injury in the throwing mechanism. PMID- 7361977 TI - Metatarsal stress fractures. AB - We evaluated metatarsal lengths from roentgenograms in a group with metatarsal stress fractures and compared them with those of a control group having no foot symptoms to determine if a short first metatarsal could be implicated as a cause for metatarsal stress fractures. By statistical analysis we showed that the lengths of the first and second metatarsals in the group with stress fractures did not differ from those in a randomly selected control group. In addition, we determined that to be "short," the first metatarsal must be less than 73% of the length of the second metatarsal, and to be "long," the first metatarsal must be more than 94% of the length of the second metatarsal. PMID- 7361979 TI - Isolated fracture of the coracoid process in an athlete. PMID- 7361978 TI - Ocular injuries sustained playing squash. PMID- 7361982 TI - Runners' injuries. Part one. PMID- 7361983 TI - Environmental factors in running. PMID- 7361980 TI - Atypical stress fracture of the tibia in a professional athlete. PMID- 7361981 TI - Fracture of the lateral cuneiform bone in the absence of severe direct trauma. Diagnosis by radionuclide bone scan. PMID- 7361984 TI - Running footwear. Examination of the training shoe, the foot, and functional orthotic devices. PMID- 7361986 TI - The Olympic movement: a greater participation by the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine. PMID- 7361985 TI - Chronic leg pain. PMID- 7361987 TI - A modified cast brace: its use in nonoperative and postoperative management of serious knee ligament injuries. AB - It has been well-proven that prolonged immobilization is detrimental to synovial joints. For the past 5 years, in an effort to minimize these undesirable sequelae, we have treated 94 patients with major knee trauma by early protected motion. Acute ligament injuries not requiring surgery were placed in the cast brace immediately, while operated cases were started about the 10th postoperative day. Our method of cast bracing stresses proper alignment of the joints, security of limb position, prevention of swelling complications, and economy of physician time. A special feature is a modified single axis joint that restricts the arc of motion to safe limits, generally 30 to 90 degrees. Functionally, our results compare quite favorably with our previous traditionally treated experience. Rehabilitation times were markedly shortened, patient acceptance was high, and complications were rare. Early motion was extremely well-tolerated with only one cast removed because of discomfort. Postoperative effusion rapidly disappeared with commencement of motion. Rapid return of motion did not correlate with a poor result, and the stability of operated knees did not loosen with time. Although lack of controls precludes definitive comparisons, we conclude that early protected motion is safe and provides significant benefits. PMID- 7361989 TI - Exercise effects on the strength of the rat anterior cruciate ligament. AB - Seventy-five rats were divided into a control and four exercise groups of differing frequency and duration. After 8 weeks of endurance-type exercise on a motorized treadmill, the rats were sacrificed and the anterior cruciate ligaments were tested to failure on an Instron materials testing machine at a strain rate of 95% sec-1. Of the 121 ligaments tested, 119 failed by pure interstitial failure. There was significant increase in both the strength and stiffness of the anterior cruciate ligaments in the exercised rats but those rats exercised more frequently (daily vs. every other day) and for shorter duration (30 min rather than 60 min) had the greatest increase in strength. This study has shown that endurance-type exercise is beneficial to the anterior cruciate ligament as both strength and stiffness are increased and functionally the ligament remains unchanged by exercise. PMID- 7361990 TI - Surgical injury to the lateral aspect of the knee. A comparison of transverse and vertical knee incisions. AB - We retrospectively evaluated postoperative straight lateral and anterolateral rotatory knee stability in patients having a lateral meniscectomy through vertical and horizontal capsular incisions. The knees of 20 patients with transverse (Bruser) and 20 patients with vertical (parapatellar) incisions were clinically and mechanically evaluated. Varus-vagus and anterior drawer measurements were obtained from our knee stress machine and clinical examinations. We found that (1) horizontal and vertical lateral capsular incisions do not produce straight lateral or anterolateral rotatory instability in patients with intact anterior cruciate ligaments, (2) a transverse lateral capsular incision may contribute to anterolateral rotatory instability, and (3) a vertical lateral capsular incision provides better visualization of the knee joint than a transverse incision. PMID- 7361988 TI - Posterior cruciate ligament injuries. Results of early surgical repair. AB - A retrospective study of 20 patients (19 men and one woman) with clinical diagnosis of posterior cruciate ligament injuries (seen between December 1969 and September 1977) was conducted. Eighteen patients underwent surgery an average of 2.6 days after injury. Tears of the posterior cruciate ligament were confirmed in all patients and a high incidence of associated ligamentous injuries was noted. No cases of truly isolated posterior cruciate injury were found. The posterior drawer sign was the most accurate test for posterior cruciate disruption. Torn posterior cruciate ligaments, as well as associated ligamentous injuries, were repaired to bone when possible. Irreparable disruptions or unstable repairs were reinforced with dynamic tendon transfers. We prefer to use as a tendon transfer the medial one-third of the medial head of the gastrocnemius because it provides static posterior drawer resistance and functions dynamically. The average follow up period was 30.8 months. A comparison of preoperative and follow-up stability was made and it revealed that all patients exhibited mild residual instability. A functional rating showed that seven patients had excellent results, seven had good, three had fair, and one patient had poor results among those surgically treated. One patient treated conservatively rated good. The other one was lost to followup. The results of our study demonstrate that early surgical repair with dynamic augmentation, as indicated, can lead to acceptable functional results in the majority of knees with posterior cruciate ligament injury. PMID- 7361992 TI - Solitary necrotizing granulomas of the lung: differentiating features and etiology. AB - The clinical and pathologic features of 86 roentgenographically solitary pulmonary granulomas were reviewed to determine etiology and to provide guidelines for histologic evaluation. Fungal or acid-fast organisms were identified within the tissue in 60 cases (70%) and fragments of a helminth were found in one. The organisms were almost always present in the center of necrotic granulomas, and examination of two blocks containing active granulomas was usually sufficient for their identification. Microbiological cultures were less productive than direct examination of the tissue. In 25 cases an infectious etiology could not be identified: two were diagnosed as hyalinizing granuloma, one as Wegener's granulomatosis, and 22 were not further classified. A prominent overlapping spectrum of histologic features was found between infectious granulomas and Wegener's granulomatosis, suggesting that the latter may represent an abnormal immune response to an infectious agent that is no longer identifiable within the tissue. Caution is urged in diagnosing limited Wegener's granulomatosis and other pulmonary angiitides in patients with roentgenographically solitary granulomas. PMID- 7361991 TI - Tourniquet-induced nerve ischemia complicating knee ligament surgery. AB - Five patients developed paralysis to the sciatic nerve after the application of a pneumatic tourniquet for knee ligament surgery. Four of these patients made a complete neurologic recovery within 6 months. A subsequent experimental investigation has demonstrated that some degree of impaired function in the sciatic nerve of a dog occurs with every tourniquet application. On the basis of this experimental work, it is recommended that a pneumatic tourniquet not be left inflated for periods longer than 1 hr and 15 min. In addition, it is suggested that once a tourniquet has been deflated during an operative procedure, that it should not be reinflated because of the excessive length of time required for the sciatic nerve conduction velocity to return to normal. Tourniquets should also be checked for calibration before use at time of an operation. PMID- 7361993 TI - A clinicopathologic study of 20 cases of large-cell (atypical) Ewing's sarcoma of bone. AB - A review of 347 Ewing's tumors that were seen at the Mayo Clinic during the period to the end of 1978 revealed 20 that differed histologically from the remainder. These 20--called "large-cell Ewing's tumor"--differed from the classic Ewing tumor in having larger, more pleomorphic cells, often with conspicuous nucleoli. More males than females had such tumors, and most patients were in the second decade of life. The diaphysis of long bone was commonly involved. The radiologic appearance was that of a permeative lesion. This large-cell Ewing tumor may be confused with malignant lymphoma and small-cell osteosarcoma. In the present study, there was no apparent difference in the clinical behavior of large cell and typical Ewing's tumors. PMID- 7361994 TI - Juvenile papillomatosis (Swiss cheese disease) of the breast. AB - Thirty-seven cases of juvenile papillomatosis of the breast were reviewed. The average age was 19 years (range 10-44 years). On examination the patients usually had a localized, multinodular mass that was interpreted as a fibroadenoma. Microscopically, typical lesions featured papillomatosis, sometimes with severe atypia, cysts with or without apocrine metaplasia, duct stasis, and sclerosing adenosis. In one case the breast with papillomatosis adenosis. In one case the breast with papillomatosis has remained free of carcinoma, but at the time of biopsy the patient had secretory carcinoma of the other breast. Papillomatous changes were not observed in the breast with carcinoma. Another woman had lobular carcinoma in situ coexisting with juvenile papillomatosis. After an average follow-up of 8 years, no subsequent carcinoma has been found. Thus, there appears to be little risk for early onset of carcinoma, but without additional follow-up the long-term assessment of this disorder remains uncertain. We recommend that a patient with juvenile papillomatosis have a thorough clinical examination of the breasts at least once a year. PMID- 7361995 TI - Histogenesis of morphologic variations in tumors of the uterine wall. AB - We investigated seven uterine wall lesions, selected because of the presence of unexpected patterns or components, to determine their relationship to normal uterine constituents. These lesions included a bizarre leiomyoma, a palisading leiomyoma which resembled a schwannoma, two myxomas, irradiated myometrium, a plexiform tumor, and a leiomyoma with tubular structures. All of these lesions except for the epithelial component of the plexiform tumor showed ultrastructural characteristics of smooth muscle, demonstrating a common origin from the myometrium. Two tumors, the plexiform tumor and the leiomyoma with tubules, had the pattern of epithelial structures suggesting origin from mullerian mesencyme: the plexiform tumor resembled incompletely differentiated endometrium and the tubular structures in the leiomyoma had features of mesothelium. We conclude that these varied and often confusing morphologic patterns reflect the capacity of uterine smooth muscle and stroma to undergo a wide spectrum of alterations including differentiation toward epithelial structures. Changes of this type occur in benign and malignant uterine stromal neoplasms and do not in themselves have prognostic significance. PMID- 7361996 TI - Tubular carcinoma and sclerosing adenosis: the use of basal lamina as a differential feature. AB - Recent ultrastructural studies have shown that tubular carcinoma of the breast lacks basal lamina. This study was undertaken to determine the usefulness of light-microscopic examination of PAS staining for basal lamina in the differentiation of tubular carcinoma and sclerosing adenosis. Ten cases of tubular carcinoma show no basal lamina except for an occasional short segment. Ten cases of sclerosing adenosis show intact basal lamina except for short focal discontinuities. It is concluded that the lack of basal lamina in tubular carcinoma and its presence in sclerosing adenosis is a useful differential feature. PMID- 7361997 TI - Invasive tracheal papillomatosis. AB - A 27-year-old man had a tracheal resection and laryngectomy for a large papillary mass in the upper trachea which extended between the cartilages into the adjacent soft tissues. Small intracystic papillary structures were formed focally in the invasive component. The epithelium in the invasive elements and the mucosal mass was identical and consisted of cytologically benign squamous, intermediate (transitional), and ciliated cells. Metastasis has not occurred and the patient is well 4 years later. We suggest the term "invasive tracheal papillomatosis" for this infiltrative lesion comprised of multiple types of cytologically benign epithelium. PMID- 7361998 TI - Placental chorioangioma: presentation of a case with electron-microscopic and immunochemical studies. AB - A case of placental chorioangioma in an infant who experienced transient congestive heart failure is presented. The mechanism for this heart failure was probably due to excessive left to right shunting of blood across the tumor. Electron-microscopic examination revealed the tumor to be composed of endothelial cells and vascular structures of different types. Immunochemistry revealed the lack of normal placental antigens indicating that these tumors are not composed of trophoblastic tissue. PMID- 7361999 TI - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease secondary to granulomatous venulitis. AB - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease is a rare disorder characterized by an obliterative fibrosing venulitis. The etiology and pathogenesis of this disease is not well understood. This case is one secondary to granulomatous venulitis. Ultrastructural study demonstrated reduplication of capillary basal laminae, endothelial swelling, and granuloma formation, but shed no light on the etiology of the disease. The formation of noncaseating granulomas involving only intralobular veins is most unusual and has not been previously described in pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. PMID- 7362000 TI - Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. Clinical, noninvasive and angiographic diagnosis. AB - The popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is increasingly recognized as a cause of arterial insufficiency in the leg. Diagnosis is based on a clinical history of claudication, which may be atypical, physical examination, noninvasive exercise testing and angiography. Patients with normal ankle pulses and resting ankle/brachial pressure indexes may require extensive exercise testing to document arterial insufficiency. Angiographic demonstration of medial deviation of the popliteal artery is diagnostic of the popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. Arteries that appear normal on routine angiography require biplane angiography with various provocative maneuvers to demonstrate induced arterial stenosis. Using this approach, three additional cases of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome were diagnosed preoperatively and successfully treated with surgery. PMID- 7362001 TI - Clinical experience with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) grafts for femoropopliteal arterial bypass. AB - Thirty-seven grafts of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene were implanted in 28 patients in whom autogeneous saphenous vein was not available, either for symptoms of severe claudication or limb salvage. The length of follow-up ranges from 8 to 28 months . The patency rate is 86.9 percent for the patients with severe claudication and 71.4 percent in the limb salvage group; the overall patency rate is 81 percent. We believe that expanded polytetrafluoroethylene is a good prosthetic substitute when autogenous vein is unavailable. PMID- 7362002 TI - Posterior gastric artery and its significance as seen in angiograms. AB - The posterior gastric artery was detected angiographically in 46 or 100 patients (46 percent). The importance of radiologic detection of the presence or absence of this artery is emphasized, especially in surgical procedures related to the stomach and immediately adjacent structures. PMID- 7362003 TI - The timing of relaparotomy and its influence on prognosis. A 10 year survey. AB - Review of 3,680 abdominal operations performed in our department during a 10 year period revealed that 95 patients (2.6 percent) required relaparotomy because of surgical complications during the same hospitalization. Of these, 37 patients died, a mortality of 38 percent, which is approximately 10-fold that for similar operations in which reintervention was not necessary. The mortality was greater in male patients and was very high (64 percent) in those over the age of 70 years. The most common complication necessitating relaparotomy was peritonitis (0.9 percent of the total series), followed by intestinal obstruction (0.8 percent) and wound disruption (0.7 percent). The frequency of bleeding requiring reoperation was low (0.1 percent). Intestinal operations were associated with the highest incidence of complications (6.2 percent), followed by gastric operations (4 percent). Assessment of the time interval between the development of the surgical complication and reoperation in each case indicated that there had been an unjustifiably long delay in reaching the correct diagnosis, in performing reoperation or both in 26 percent of this series (40 percent of the cases of peritonitis). This delay was usually greater with early than with relatively later complications. However, our findings failed to support a detrimental effect of this delay and even showed a tendency toward better results and a lower mortality when conservative treatment was prolonged before reoperation was performed. PMID- 7362004 TI - Glucose tollerance as a predictor of surgical risk and survival in patients with pancreatic carcinoma. AB - A glucose tolerance test was performed in 75 patients with carcinoma of the pancreas and periampullary region. The glucose tolerance patterns were classified into two distinct types of the parabolic and linear patterns. The linear pattern was observed in about 50 percent of nonjaundiced patients and 40 percent of severly jaundiced patients. The patients with a linear pattern had a high mortality rate and a short life expectancy compared with those with a parabolic pattern. PMID- 7362005 TI - Treatment of hepatorenal syndrome. AB - Five patients with hepatorenal syndrome were treated with a LeVeen peritoneovenous shunt and furosemide. Four of the five patients responded immediately with urinary volumes in excess of 2 liters on the day of surgery and the subsequent 3 postoperative days. Urinary sodium excretion increased from 5 to 122 mEq/liter after insertion of a peritoneovenous shunt. Body weight decreased by 7.7 kg in 1 week. Serum creatinine decreased from 4.0 to 1.8 mg/dl in 1 week. There were two long-term survivors. Peritoneovenous shunting is an effective method of reversing the renal component in the hepatorenal syndrome. PMID- 7362006 TI - Postcholecystectomy syndrome and its association with ampullary stenosis. AB - Fifty-six consecutive patients returning with recurrent or persistent upper abdominal pain after cholecystectomy were studied by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, abdominal ultrasound and morphine neostigmine test. In 44 patients, pain recurred within 6 months after cholecystectomy. Forty patients were demonstrated on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography to have moderate to marked ampullary stenosis, which occurred as an isolated abnormality in 32 patients and in association with pancreatitis in 8. Thirteen patients were found to have pancreatitis, and 6 had retained common duct stones. In five patients no definite abnormality was demonstrated. The morphine neostigmine test was positive in 16 of 17 patients with isolated ampullary stenosis and in only 1 of 8 with pancreatitis. This test may be helpful in patients who are to undergo cholecystectomy. In those with positive results, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography would help assess the size of the ampullary sphincter so that sphincteroplasty could be done at the time of cholecystectomy in appropriate patients. PMID- 7362007 TI - Operative cholangiography. Review of 7,529 operations on the biliary tree in a community hospital. AB - Primary operation for cholelithiasis ranks third in frequency among general surgical procedures performed in this country each year [16]. The mortality and morbidity associated with retained common duct stones are apparent to all biliary surgeons. Although operative cholangiography is a standard procedure in many centers, some still use this adjunct to biliary surgery infrequently, as shown by the 51 percent performance rate in the present study. However, the literature is replete with evidence supporting the routine use of cholangiography. In the present report positive findings on common duct exploration almost doubled when operative cholangiography was added to the clinical and operative criteria for common duct exploration. Our experience indicates that common duct exploration is not always required when the patient has jaundice if normal operative cholangiograms support the patient's history and other laboratory findings. Cholangiography was also found to be accurate in the five cases in which a secondary biliary procedure had to be performed. PMID- 7362008 TI - Intraluminal gallbladder pressure measurements in patients with chronic or acute cholecystitis. AB - Gallbladder intraluminal pressures were determined during operation in 22 patients with chronic unobstructed cholecystitis and 25 patients with acute unobstructed cholecystitis by means of a glass manometer connected to a needle. Patients with chronic cholecystitis had a mean resting value of 9.9 +/- 0.9 cm H2O, and patients with acute cholecystitis had a mean fasting value of 36.0 +/- 1.8 cm H2O (p less than 0.001). The importance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7362009 TI - Latent hypoparathyroidism in patients with autotransplanted parathyroid glands. AB - Eighteen patients had undergone radical surgery for thyroid carcinoma. In all of them four parathyroid glands had been verified by frozen-section biopsy and removed. Thereafter two, three or four glands wereautotransplanted into muscle tissue. At least 1 year after the operation the patients underwent a calcium deprivation test. Before the test they all had normal serum calcium values without treatment. During the test seven patients remained normocalcemic, seven became hypocalcemic, and four had occasional low serum calcium values. After the test all were normocalcemic again. Patients with only autotransplanted parathyroid glands left after surgery should be tested for latent hypoparathyroidism. PMID- 7362010 TI - Mechanical bowel obstruction. Review of 316 cases in Benin City. AB - A retrospective study of 316 patients with a diagnosis of intestinal obstruction admitted to the University of Benin Teaching Hospital over a 5 year period is presented. The overall mortality was 10.6 percent. Attention is called to the unacceptably high morbidity and mortality associated with volvulus in this and other series. Because the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in Africa is strangulation, a preventable complication of inguinal hernia, the clinician has a unique opportunity to significantly decrease the incidence of intestinal obstruction in Africa. Finally, our study confirms that the single most important antecedent of a grave prognosis in intestinal obstruction is late presentation of the patient. PMID- 7362011 TI - Anorectal Crohn's disease: definitive surgery for fistulas and recurrent abscesses. AB - Twenty patients with anorectal Crohn's disease manifested by anal fistulas or recurrent perirectal abscesses underwent attempted definitive surgical eradication of that pathologic process. The role of Parks' partial internal anal sphincterectomy is discussed. The results are presented and correlated with the activity of the underlying Crohn's disease. The excellent results recommend this approach for recurrent perirectal abscess and intersphincteric abscess, even when occurring for the first time. PMID- 7362013 TI - Posterior ventricular aneurysm and mitral insufficiency. AB - A 63 year old woman with a large true posterior ventricular aneurysm and mitral regurgitation is presented. Simple aneurysmectomy without replacement or repair of the mitral valve completely alleviated the mitral insufficiency. PMID- 7362014 TI - Right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery: symptomatic in adulthood. AB - A 42 year old black woman presented initially with symptoms of acute aortic dissection. She subsequently had symptoms of esophageal obstruction that were proved aortographically to be due to right aortic arch with an aberrant left subclavian artery. Relief of the esophageal obstruction was achieved only after dividing the aortic arch posteriorly and freeing the trachea and esophagus from the surrounding structures. PMID- 7362012 TI - Healing of experimental colonic anastomoses. III. Collagen metabolism in the colon after left colon resection. PMID- 7362015 TI - Pericardiodiaphragmatic hernia. AB - Twenty-seven reported cases of pericardial diaphragmatic hernia are reviewed and another case is added. This entity may be congenital or traumatic in origin, the latter being more frequent at a ratio of 2:1. All patients except one were male and the mean age at diagnosis was 40 years. The patients were usually symptomatic, the most frequent complaints being of cardiac or respiratory origin. Pneumoperitoneum may be diagnostic although chest roentgenograms and contrast studies may suggest the diagnosis. Computed axial tomography and echocardiography may prove useful in the future. We believe the anterior abdominal approach is preferable to the transthoracic approach in reducing the hernia and repairing the defect because it affords better exposure and easier accessibility to other intraabdominal disease and can easily be converted into a median sternotomy if needed. The stomach and transverse colon became herniated most frequently and in only three cases was a sac found. The defect involves the central leaflet of the diaphragm and primary repair generally results in a good prognosis. PMID- 7362016 TI - The physiology of venous claudication. AB - The hemodynamic features of venous claudication are presented in a patient with chronic occlusion of the iliac vein. Exercise results in a marked venous volume overload, particularly in the thigh, which leads to pain. The syndrome develops in patients with isolated iliac vein occlusion and patent, competent veins distal to the inguinal ligament. PMID- 7362017 TI - Simplified EEA stapled anastomosis by the end-insertion technique. AB - A simplified technique for stapled esophagojejunal anastomosis after total gastrectomy using the GIA and EEA stapling instruments is described. The technique is also suitable for esophagogastric and ileorectal anastomosis. PMID- 7362018 TI - New technique of pancreaticojejunal anastomosis after partial pancreaticoduodenectomy. AB - The authors propose a new technique of pancreaticojejunal anastomosis after pancreatoduodenectomy with the aim of reducing the incidence of anastomotic disruption and late stenosis of the duct. Basically the technique consists of end to-end pancreaticojejunal anastomosis with invagination of the pancreas into the intestinal loop and mucosal juxtaposition of the pancreatic duct and jejunum. PMID- 7362019 TI - Simple, rapid method for insertion of a Swan-Ganz catheter using an existing central venous or Swan-Ganz catheter. AB - A method is described for simple, rapid Swan-Ganz catheter insertion. In addition, a new technique for replacement of Swan-Ganz catheters without the need for additional venipuncture is presented. PMID- 7362020 TI - Toxic dilatation in amebic colitis: successful treatment without colectomy. AB - A patient with acute amebic dilatation of the colon and multiple intrahepatic abscesses was successfully treated by a combination of medical and surgical therapy. Creation of a loop ileostomy and blow-hole colostomy facilitated complete healing of the colon. PMID- 7362021 TI - Restoration of the shutter mechanism in inguinal herniorrhaphy. AB - A technique of inguinal herniorrhaphy that restores the normal shutter mechanism at the internal ring by completing the lateral portion of the repair anterior to the cord is described. We believe that this technique will decrease the incidence of recurrent hernia. PMID- 7362022 TI - Preparation and characterization of 3H-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin. PMID- 7362023 TI - Assay of nucleotides and other phosphate-containing compounds in isolated chloroplasts by ion exchange chromatography. PMID- 7362024 TI - Microassay of cysteine sulfinic acid by an enzymatic cycling method. PMID- 7362025 TI - Quantitative detection of hydrophobic antioxidants such as butylatedhydroxytoluene and butylatedhydroxyanisole in picomole amounts. PMID- 7362026 TI - A sensitive assay for the quantitation of soluble elastin. PMID- 7362027 TI - A quantitating reagent for methanethiolation of protein sulfhydryl groups. PMID- 7362029 TI - A procedure for anaerobic column chromatography employing an anaerobic Freter type chamber. PMID- 7362028 TI - A new capillary tube system for measuring the uptake and release of materials from cultured cells. PMID- 7362030 TI - Rapid and sensitive ion-exchange fluorometric measurement of gamma-aminobutyric acid in physiological fluids. PMID- 7362031 TI - A sensitive method for detection and estimation of juvenile hormones from biological samples by glass capillary combined gas chromatography--selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry. PMID- 7362032 TI - Identification and measurement of homoserine by gas--liquid chromatography. PMID- 7362033 TI - A method for the determination of perfluorooctanoic acid in blood and other biological samples. PMID- 7362036 TI - A rapid sensitive method for the determination of ascorbic acid in the excess of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol using a stopped-flow apparatus. PMID- 7362034 TI - Molecular weight estimation using sodium dodecyl sulfate--pore gradient electrophoresis. PMID- 7362035 TI - A new technique for determining the hydride transfer stereospecificity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked oxidoreductases: electron impact and field desorption mass spectrometry. PMID- 7362037 TI - Quantification of lipid mass by a liquid scintillation counting procedure following charring on thin-layer plates. PMID- 7362038 TI - Syntheses, properties, and use of fluorescent N-(5'-phospho-4'-pyridoxyl)amines in assay of pyridoxamine (pyridoxine) 5'-phosphate oxidase. PMID- 7362040 TI - High-voltage isoelectric focusing with pharmalyte: field strength and temperature distribution, zone sharpening, isoelectric spectra, and pI determinations. PMID- 7362039 TI - Calibration of stopped-flow spectrophotometers using a two-step disulfide exchange reaction. PMID- 7362042 TI - A logarithmic ratio amplifier and range expander for use with dual-beam colorimeters. PMID- 7362041 TI - A simple high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay for the N-hydroxy derivatives of phenacetin, acetaminophen, 2-acetylaminofluorene, and other hydroxamic acids. PMID- 7362043 TI - A modified method for estimation of ornithine in biological samples. PMID- 7362044 TI - Size determination of poly(A) after in vitro methylation with radioactive dimethyl sulfate. PMID- 7362045 TI - Enzymatic determination of L-alanine with omega-amino acid: pyruvate aminotransferase. PMID- 7362047 TI - Humidity in children and adults using the controlled partial rebreathing anesthesia method. AB - The authors examined inspired humidity using a controlled partial rebreathing anesthesia method (CPRAM) and a circle system in 16 healthy adults and five healthy children. The patients were divided into five study groups (A-E). All patients except those in Group E were anesthetized with fentanyl, pancuronium, nitrous oxide-oxygen, 66-33 per cent, and their lungs were mechanically ventilated; patients in Group E received halothane and nitrous oxide-oxygen, 66 33 per cent, with spontaneous ventilation. Group A (five children) had inspired hummidity measured within a modified coaxial (Bain) anesthesia circuit using CPRAM. Groups B and C (five adults each) had humidity measured within the modified coaxial circuit and at the end of a non-modified coaxial circuit using CPRAM. Groups D and E (three adults each) had humidity measured in the semi closed and closed circle systems, respectively. Initial, mid-, and end-inspired humidity were measured in all groups for two hours by interrupting the controlled ventilation at 30-min intervals, except in patients of Group E, who had humidity measured at similar intervals for two hours during spontaneous ventilation. No significant difference was found among initial, mid-, or end-inspired humidity, nor was there a significant difference between inspired humidities in children and in adults using CPRAM. The humidity measured in adults within the circuit near the endotracheal tube was not significantly different from that measured distal to the fresh gas flow. The humidities in all CPRAM patients exceeded those of both the semiclosed and closed circle systems, stabilizing within 30 min and remaining constant between 24 and 26 mg H2O/1. PMID- 7362048 TI - Whole-body distribution of radioactively labelled microspheres in the rat during anesthesia with halothane, enflurane, or ketamine. AB - Cardiac output and distribution of blood flow using 15-micron radioactively labelled microspheres were determined in 25 Wistar rats. In seven awake control animals, first and second injections of microspheres did not change cardiac output (137 +/- 8 ml/min) or result in alteration in apparent blood flow to the various organs studied. Halothane anesthesia (n = 6) (1.3 per cent inspired) resulted in a decrease in cardiac output, with increases in the percentages of cardiac output going to the brain, kidney, liver and large intestine. Enflurane anesthesia (n = 6) (2.2 per cent inspired) did not decrease cardiac output. The percentages of cardiac output going to the liver, lung, spleen, and large intestine increased. Both halothane and enflurane caused decreases in the percentages of cardiac output going to the heart and skeletal muscle. Ketamine anesthesia (n = 6) (125 mg/kg, im) differed from the other two agents in that few changes occurred from the awake state except in brain, lung and muscle, Microspheres that were trapped after the first injection were released from muscle and skin with ketamine anesthesia, resulting in an apparent decrease in the distribution of cardiac output to muscle in the controls and an apparent increase in "flow" to the lung. The microsphere method gives reliable information about cardiac output and distribution of flow in rats anesthetized with halothane or enflurane. Further studies are necessary to determine whether microsphere studies are valid indicators of organ flow during ketamine anesthesia in the rat. PMID- 7362046 TI - Enzymatic radioiodination of phospholipids catalyzed by lactoperoxidase. PMID- 7362049 TI - Dantrolene dose response in malignant hyperthermia-susceptible (MHS) swine: method to obtain prophylaxis and therapeusis. AB - The authors examined the thesis that a dose of dantrolene producing 95 per cent of maximal muscle relaxation (ED95) would effectively prevent or treat malignant hyperthermia (MH). In one group of four pigs sensitive to malignant hyperthermia (MHS) a dose response to intravenous dantrolene was determined by quantitation of toe twitch tension. From these data, the ED95 relaxant dose (3.5 mg/kg) was derived. In a second group of four MHS pigs, the ED95 dantrolene dose was administered prior to MH challenge with succinylcholine, 2 mg/kg, and halothane, 1.5 per cent. MH was prevented in each animal, while measurements of arterial pressure, arterial blood-gas, pH and lactate values, rectal temperature, and heart rate were done. Later, MH rapidly developed in the same four animals when they were again challenged. When treated with the ED95 dose, each animal survived. Finally, each pig was challenged without dantrolene prophylaxis or therapeusis, and all succumbed from MH. Previous studies have shown the efficacious use of dantrolene in prevention or treatment of porcine MH, but doses used have varied, without rationale. The present study shows that in MHS pigs the ED95 muscle relaxant dose of dantrolene (3.5 mg/kg) successfully prevents and treats MH. PMID- 7362050 TI - The neonatal neurobehavioral effects of bupivacaine, mepivacaine, and 2 chloroprocaine used for pudendal block. AB - The neonatal neurobehavioral effects of bupivacaine, mepivacaine, and 2 chloroprocaine used in random sequence for pudendal block anesthesia were studied. The neurobehavioral status of 54 infants was studied 4 and 24 hours after delivery. Except for a significant difference in the responses to pinprick, there was no significant effect of any of these agents on infant neurobehavior, and no differences were found among the agents themselves. Mean mepivacaine levels in neonatal capillary blood at 4 hours of age were low (0.10 +/- .02 microgram/ml) compared with those in previous studies because of the short interval between maternal injection and delivery (13 +/- 3 min). Bupivacaine gave higher neonatal capillary blood levels (0.15 microgram/ml at 4 hours of age) than previously reported, but the drug still produced no detectable neonatal neurobehavioral effects. PMID- 7362052 TI - Effect of domperidone on lower esophageal sphincter tone in late pregnancy. AB - Increasing the resting lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone is a useful method of preventing gastroesophageal reflux. The effects of a new antiemetic, domperidone, on LES were studied in 28 subjects. Group I included eight normal nonpregnant control subjects. The remaining 20 pregnant women were divided into two groups, Group II and III--ten parturients without and ten with symptoms of heartburn. Domperidone increased LES pressure by 19, 11 and 10 cm H2O in Groups I, II and III, respectively (P less than 0.05). Domperidone may be a valuable premedicant in some patients to decrease the chance of gastro-esophageal reflux. PMID- 7362053 TI - Effects of endotracheal intubation on normal cough performance. AB - To assess the effects of endotracheal intubation on normal cough function, the tracheas of eight healthy volunteers were intubated with a standard 8.0-mm-I.D. tube. Measurements were made of expiratory flow, transpulmonary pressure, and expired volume during a cycle of three successive bursts of maximum voluntary coughing initiated after inspiration to total lung capacity. Results following intubation were compared with findings with subjects breathing through a 25-mm I.D. mouthpiece (control). Maximum cough pressures (Pmax) following tracheal intubation were similar to control values, but with the tube in place, airflow began well before Pmax was reached and did not cease fully between cough bursts. Flows at Pmax declined with each successive burst of coughing during both experimental conditions, but with tracheal intubation, the flows were significantly lower than control. Resistance to flow at Pmax increased with each successive cough and increased significantly above control during the third burst of coughing while the subjects' tracheas were intubated. The total volume of the three control coughs was 76 +/- 3 per cent of vital capacity. This was similar following intubation, although cough duration was significantly longer. These findings indicate that tracheal intubation does not impair ability to develop normal cough pressures despite preventing glottic closure. The normal timing of flow and pressure is disrupted such that flow occurs early--as in a forced expiratory maneuver, and the flow is not fully interrupted during the cough sequence. Flows are submaximal as a result of the resistance of the tube and continue to decline as the lung volume decreases and airways are compressed. Because the tube is noncollapsible, high flow rates may be necessary to achieve the linear velocities requireed for normal airway cleansing through the tube. Such flows may be achieved only during the initial cough after full inspiration. PMID- 7362051 TI - Continuous in-vivo blood-gas determination in man: reliability and safety of a new device. AB - The Sentorr is a gas chromatograph that monitors Pa2 and PaCO2 every 4 min from a probe placed through an intraarterial cannula. The accuracy of this device and complications resulting from its use were studied in 46 patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures with oxygen to nitrous oxide-halothane anesthesia. Sentorr blood-gas values were compared with simultaneous samples analyzed with standard electrodes. During relatively steady states of respiration and circulation, and in the lower (50-125 torr) range of oxygen tensions, the measurements correlated closely (r = 0.92). The device also functioned well during low-flow states, but during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, the correlation was only fair (r = 0.62). When nitrous oxide was present in the inspired gas, Sentorr PaO2 readings were a third lower than actual PO2 measurements, an effect corroborated by an in-vitro experiment. Directional changes of oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were always correct in all situations. Placement of the probe in a radial artery was unsatisfactory because it significantly interfered with blood pressure measurement and resulted in inaccurate results for this patient population. The brachial artery was a satisfactory site for insertion, although attenuation of the arterial pressure tracing by the presence of a Sentorr probe resulted in systolic pressure readings that averaged 12 torr lower with mean arterial pressure readings 5 torr lower. No increase in morbidity due to use of a Sentorr probe for brachial arterial pressure monitoring could be identified. The most potentially serious complication encountered was transient loss of a palpable pulse without interruption of blood flow in one or more distal arteries after decannulation. This was observed in seven patients (four of whom had diminished distal pulses whith normal flow before cannulation). PMID- 7362054 TI - Ketamine-induced changes in regional glucose utilization in the rat brain. AB - Ketamine appears to induce both excitatory and depressant actions in the brain; however, it is not clear which regions are affected. The 2-deoxyglucose functional mapping method of Sokoloff et al. was used to determine regional variations in metabolic activity of rat brain caused by injection of ketamine, 25 75 mg, intramuscularly. To compare the effects of ketamine with those of hippocampal-induced seizures, the 2-deoxyglucose method was used, following injection of penicillin G, 400-800 units, into the hippocampus. The findings from five control, seven ketamine-treated, and three penicillin G-treated rats are given. Ketamine caused a significant increase of metabolic activity in the hippocampal sulci and a decrease of activity in the medial geniculate and the inferior colliculus. Similar changes were found with hippocampal seizures caused by penicillin. The inhibition of the regions associated with sensory systems (medial geniculate and inferior colliculus) may account in part for the anesthetic action of ketamine, while the intense activity of the hippocampus may be related to the excitatory manifestations. The results indicate that ketamine produces seizures in the hippocampus, which in turn inhibit auditory and visually associated nuclei. Thus, the anesthesia may follow from the sensory depression and the cataleptic phenomena may be related to the hippocampal excitation. PMID- 7362055 TI - Increased d-tubocurarine requirement following major thermal injury. PMID- 7362056 TI - Unilateral analgesia following epidural and subarachnoid block. AB - A case of unintentional unilateral analgesia following both epidural and subarachnoid block is presented. It is suggested that the presence of an anomalous congenital midline diffusion barrier in both the epidural and subarachnoid spaces could explain this phenomenon. PMID- 7362057 TI - Experiences with a new endotracheal tube for microlaryngeal surgery. PMID- 7362058 TI - Postural headache following thoracic somatic paravertebral nerve block. PMID- 7362059 TI - Etomidate vs. thiopental with and without fentanyl--a comparative study of awakening in man. PMID- 7362060 TI - Improved clinical measurement of pulmonary vascular resistance. PMID- 7362061 TI - Beta-receptor blockade following the use of eye drops. PMID- 7362062 TI - Hairline cracks in epidural needles. PMID- 7362063 TI - Antagonism of diazepam by physostigmine. PMID- 7362064 TI - Is the rate-pressure product a misleading guide? PMID- 7362065 TI - Two- vs. three-compartment model for analysis of d-tubocurarine pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7362066 TI - Two- vs. three-compartment model for analysis of d-tubocurarine pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7362067 TI - [Relative risk in varicose veins and pregnancy]. PMID- 7362068 TI - [Use of the Doppler and angiographic examination in the diagnosis of sexual impotence of vascular origin in aortoiliac atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7362069 TI - [Degenerated venous ulcers]. PMID- 7362070 TI - [Oscillography of the action of pentoxifylline in the treatment of disorders of the peripheral circulation]. PMID- 7362071 TI - Systolic time intervals: a valuable parameter of thyroid function. PMID- 7362072 TI - Minoxidil in the treatment of refractory hypertension. AB - Minoxidil, a powerful vasodilator, is a very effective antihypertensive drug. It was used to treat 22 patients, most of whom were refractory to conventional antihypertensive medication. There was a swift and definite drop of blood pressure in all cases. In 7 patients with renal disease, renal function did not deteriorate during the administration of Minoxidil, and it improved dramatically in the eighth patient. Side effects of the drug were hirsutism, fluid retention, and in 1 patients a pruritic bullous eruption which disappeared when the drug was discontinued. PMID- 7362073 TI - Effects of intravenous phentolamine on hemodynamics and resting pulmonary gas exchange in man. AB - The influence of intravenous phentolamine on hemodynamics, ventilation, and blood gases were studied in 22 patients with cardiac disease. Phentolamine produced a significant increase in the heart rate and cardiac index and a significant decrease in the mean arterial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, peripheral vascular resistance, and pulmonary vascular resistance. There was no significant change in the arterial pH, PO2, PCO2, alveolar-arterial PO2, and the dead space-tidal volume ratio. The favorable hemodynamic responses are attributable to the fact that the vasodilator effect of phentolamine is predominately on the arteriolar resistance bed and much less on the venous capacitance bed. In addition, phentolamine has a positive inotropic action which is indirect and dependent on the release of norepinephrine. PMID- 7362074 TI - Current management of unstable angina. PMID- 7362075 TI - Complication rate of power coronary angiography injection. AB - From 1970 to 1975, 1,498 patients underwent coronary angiography at Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center via the same injection technique utilizing a Viamonte Hobbs automatic volume injector. Most institutions now perform coronary angiography by hand injections of contrast medium, and automatic power injection angiography is reserved for ventriculograms. The Sones technique was used in 822 patients (55%) and the Judkins technique in 676 (45%). Saphenous vein grafts were studied in 12% or 180 cases. The amounts of contrast medium usually used were 4 cc for right coronary artery injection and 6 cc for left coronary artery and saphenous vein graft injections over 2 seconds. No acute coronary artery dissections, one coronary occlusion (0.067%), one death (0.067%) in a patient with greater than 90% left main coronary obstruction, and three (0.20%) acute myocardial infarctions occurred. We conclude that power injection is a safe technique for coronary angiography. This technique is easier to use, could improve the quality of coronary angiography, and may actually be safer than hand contrast medium injection. PMID- 7362076 TI - Coronary ostial stenosis. AB - Coronary ostial stenosis as a complication of atherosclerosis is a rarely emphasized angiographic finding. Its recognition is important because of the adverse prognosis of left main stenosis and the inherent risks during catheterization of these patients. Recently 3 patients were identified with left coronary ostial stenosis. A clinical picture emerged during coronary angiography characterized by an abrupt fall in catheter tip pressure associated with symptoms of dyspnea and chest pain. Contrast media injections into the sinus of Valsalva, in right anterior oblique and left anterior oblique projections, revealed characteristic angiographic changes. PMID- 7362078 TI - Changes of cardiac output caused by aging: an impedance cardiographic study. AB - The various parameters of cardiac output were studied in 132 healthy subjects from 20 to 89 years of age by impedance cardiography. This noninvasive method supplied data that were similar to those found by others by dye dilution methods. All parameters of cardiac output decrease with age. However, we found a difference between the two sexes in the rate of decrease of the cardiac index: women had a more marked drop at an earlier age and then a steady course, while men had a progressive decrease from the youngest to the oldest group. PMID- 7362079 TI - Epidemiology of coronary artery disease among Hansen's patients. AB - The prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its risk factors were studied in 475 Hansen's patients (HP's) by a special questionnaire, physical examination, electrocardiogram at rest and after exercise, and biochemical and hematologic investigations. It was found that the prevalence of CHD (Minnesota codes 1-1 to 1 3 and 4-1) was 10.92%, which is higher than that found in epidemiologic studies of nonHansen's populations. The only CHD risk factors detected were age, obesity, and hypertension. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of CHD between HP's living confined in the institution and those living in their homes. Factors enhancing the development of CHD in this group may include hypertension and obesity as well as psychological factors, which particularly common in these patients, and of course old age. PMID- 7362077 TI - Bilateral renal artery occlusion in a patient with progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - A patient with renal failure due to progressive systemic sclerosis showed bilateral renal artery occlusion on renal angiography. The mechanism for the involvement of the main renal arteries is unknown, but it is postulated that the involvement of the main stem renal arteries was an extension of the pre-existing occlusive process in the interlobular arteries. This was hastened by the severe reduction in renal blood flow due to the hemorrhage and sepsis complicating the course. Another possible mechanism is a reduction of the fibrinolytic activity in the region of the intimal narrowing of the renal artery, coupled with reduction of the blood flow. The kidney biopsy showed intimal thickening and almost complete occlusion of interlobar arteries. Similar changes were observed in the smaller arteries. These findings are consistent with scleroderma of the kidney. PMID- 7362080 TI - Platelet aggregation after thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 7362082 TI - Mast cells in the cytology of nasal mucosa; a quantitative and morphologic assessment and their diagnostic meaning. AB - Cytological examinations of nasal mucosa were made on 60 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. In the smear of all of the subjects mast cells and eosinophils were present in various quantities, depending on the intensity of the disease. A larger number were observed in periods of exacerbation than in remission. Mast cells were also found to be distinctly diverse morphologically. Apart from intact cells, mast cells of varying degranulation were also observed. Depending on the degree of degranulation, three types of cells were distinguished. On this basis it was assumed that changes in mast cell morphology may be due to changes of their function because of mucosa immunization. It is suggested that both mast cells and eosinophils should be acknowledged as diagnostic indicators in assessing the extent of allergic reactions of nasal mucosa. PMID- 7362081 TI - Intranasal inhalation of beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of perennial rhinitis in adults. AB - Forty-eight perennial rhinitis patients completed a six weeks' open trial of intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol. Each received a daily dose of 400 micrograms. Thirty-five responded excellently, seven reported satisfactory improvement and six failed. This study indicated that patients with a demonstrable allergic component responded favorably. However, due to the wide margin of safety the authors suggest that it be tried on the non-infective perennial rhinitis with no demonstrable allergic component as well. PMID- 7362083 TI - Fenoterol hydrobromide (Berotec, Th 1165a) 0.1% solution in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. AB - Fenoterol hydrobromide (Berotec) was employed in a randomized double-blind crossover trial for the treatment of allergic rhinitis in 25 volunteer adults. Relatively small doses of 60 micrograms per nostril every six hours were compared with those of normal saline placebos. Sixteen patients showed some degree of improvement with the active substance, including two whose doses were doubled as compared with four using placebos. Toxic effects from Berotec were mild, mostly shakiness, in 11 patients. Doubling the dosage produced little improvement in efficacy but did increase somewhat the severity of side effects. Over-all results suggest that beta-adrenergic agents such as Berotec may have a wider pharmacological action than merely on smooth muscle bronchi and that they therefore may be useful in the treatment of a non-bronchial allergic disease such as allergic rhinitis. PMID- 7362084 TI - Four cases of recurrent pseudo-scarlet fever caused by phenathrene alkaloids with a 6-hydroxy group (codeine and morphine). AB - Four patients with a clinical picture resembling that of scarlatina are described. This clinical picture was found to be based on a delayed-type allergy for codeine and morphine. Investigation showed that the codeine or morphine allergy is essentially dependent on the hydroxyl group at the 6 position of the basic phenanthrene structure but only when this group is bound equatorially, as is the case for codeine and morphine. PMID- 7362085 TI - Pulmonary fibrosis caused by delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in guinea pigs. AB - Guinea pigs were immunized with complete Freund adjuvant and PPD was inhaled seven times at three-week intervals. Histological examination revealed a tendency to fibrotic changes in comparison with control animals. PMID- 7362086 TI - Comparison of the PCA titer and aerosol microshock time in guinea pigs made sensitive to ragweed. AB - Guinea pigs were sensitized either by intranasal dusting with ragweed (RW) pollen or by intranasal instillation of RW extract and subsequently challenged with a RW extract aerosol. It was relatively easy to determine the microshock time for animals which responded between 0 and 10 minutes. Sera from these sensitive guinea pigs were tittered by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests. Data from these two assays showed a semilogarithmic relationship with a correlation coefficient of -0.934. PMID- 7362087 TI - Theophylline pharmacokinetics: variations between two similar study populations using oral oxtriphylline syrup. AB - The pharmacokinetics of two unmatched populations of asthmatic children, one from an asthmatic convalescent center in Denver and the other from an urban outpatient clinic, are compared after single and repeated dosing of a new asthma formulation, oxtriphylline syrup. Significant differences (p less than 0.05) in populations' theophylline total body clearance, apparent volume of distribution and absorption rates suggest future studies of multiple center design representing patterns of asthma more typical to the population at large would be more appropriate for selection of theophylline dosage guidelines. PMID- 7362088 TI - Use of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and optimized theophylline doses in asthmatic children at Camp Bronco Junction, 1977-1978. AB - During both the 1977 and 1978 eight-week summer sessions at Bronco Junction the effect of oral inhalation of beclomethasone dipropionate and optimum dose theophylline therapy in 56 chronically severe, corticosteroid dependent asthmatic children was evaluated. By the end of the two summer camp sessions 10 of the 56 were able to discontinue the beclomethasone dipropionate therapy, and 33 others were able to reduce their dosage. All but one child were able to discontinue oral prednisone therapy. PMID- 7362089 TI - A comparison of the bronchodilator and other responses of children to oral treatment with terbutaline tablet and solution: a bioequivalence study. AB - Terbutaline tablets and oral solution were tested in 16 subjects between the ages of seven and 15 in a double-blind acute cross-over study. Doses of terbutaline were 2.5, 3.75 or 5.0 mg depending upon the weight of each subject. Both formulations produced significant increases in pulmonary function between 15 minutes and five hours after drug administration as measured by FVC and FEV1. The mean maximal increase in FEV1 was 0.60 liters for the tablet and 0.70 liters for the solution. The mean maximal increase in FVC was 0.53 liters for the tablet and 0.67 for the solution. There were significant increases in heart rate following both tablet and solution. The mean increases were statistically significant between two and five hours after drug administration, ranging from two to nine beats/minute for the tablet and eight to 13 beats/minute for the solution. Terbutaline produced no clinically or statistically significant mean changes in systolic or diastolic blood pressure. The responses to tablet and solution did not differ significantly from each other in any parameter. Terbutaline tablet and oral solution were, therefore, bioequivalent. PMID- 7362090 TI - Electrocardiographic study in asthmatic children. AB - Electrocardiograms of 105 asthmatic children, three to 12 years old, divided into four groups according to their severity and stages of attack, were studied. The significant abnormal findings were abnormal P wave, QRS axis, R and S waves which suggested right atrial and right ventricular overload. Deep q waves in leads II, III and a VF indicated a large initial vector to the right and were found in some cases of status asthmaticus. ST-T change may be non-specific. These abnormalities were increased in the more symptomatic cases. PMID- 7362091 TI - Atropine nebulization--simple and safe. AB - Ten children with chronic perennial asthma received a single dose of atropine at approximately 0.075 mg/kg. The drug was compared to isoetharine and was delivered by a simple nebulizing system. Both drugs were noted to be effective bronchodilators as determined by FEV1 and MMEF responses. While isoetharine demonstrated an initial overall better effect at 30 minutes, atropine had a more sustained bronchodilatory action at three hours. No adverse effects were noted with either drug. PMID- 7362092 TI - A comparison of the antipruritic efficacy of hydroxyzine and cyproheptadine in children with atopic dermatitis. PMID- 7362093 TI - Elevated IgD antibodies to wheat in celiac disease. AB - Sera of 17 patients with gluten-induced celiac disease were studied. Total serum IgE and IgD, as well as specific IgE and IgD antibodies to selected food antigens, were determined. Total IgE levels were within the normal range. Specific IgE antibodies to wheat, alpha-gliadin, cows's milk, rice and buckwheat were comparable to those of normal controls. In the celiac subjects total IgD levels were also within the normal range but IgD antibodies to wheat were high whereas IgD antibodies to milk were lower than in pooled normal sera. The levels of IgE or IgD antibodies to either wheat or milk showed no relationship to the presence of precipitins to the antigens of these two foods. The study did not demonstrate a role for IgE in celiac disease. That IgD antibodies may play a role is suggested by the elevated serum IgD antibodies to wheat antigens. PMID- 7362094 TI - A comparison of diluent and methacholine challenge with spirometry and the body plethysmograph. AB - Bronchial reactivity to inhaled diluent and methacholine was determined for asthmatics using automated spirometry. These data were compared with challenge data from a matched group of asthmatics previously studied plethysmographically. High correlations were obtained between all indices both groups, suggesting that spirometry is adequate for the clinical characterization of the methacholine response. PMID- 7362095 TI - Immediate hypersensitivity to cricket. PMID- 7362096 TI - Atopic skin test re-evaluated. VIII. Decrease in skin sensitivity of hay fever patients due to desensitization. AB - Desensitization with aqueous grass-pollen extracts led to a considerable decrease in skin reactivity (by a factor of 50). This decrease proved not to be specific for the grass-pollen species used. PMID- 7362097 TI - A clarification. PMID- 7362098 TI - Citizen petition. PMID- 7362099 TI - Correction. PMID- 7362100 TI - Toxicity of alkaline solutions. AB - We examined the question of what determines the toxicity of alkaline solutions- pH, viscosity, or other factors. Our experiments have identified pH measurement as the simplest and most easily measured parameter for determining initial management of caustic ingestions. Viscosity is not a clinically useful measurement. The closer to 14 the pH measures, the more destructive the caustic. Non-lye solutions known to cause esophageal ulceration have a pH of 12.5 to 13.5. Most cases of deep ulceration going on to stricture formation involve lye solutions of pH 14. The critical pH that causes esophageal ulceration is 12.5, and thus a patient ingesting a substance with a pH greater than 12 should be followed closely for the possibility of esophageal ulceration. PMID- 7362101 TI - Critical care in an emergency department. AB - A one year review of resuscitation in an emergency department (ED) was conducted. In the stabilization room (SR) within the ED at Hennepin County Medical Center, 852 cases were treated in the year ending July 31, 1978. There were 166 deaths in the SR (19.5%) overall, and 141 (47.9%) and 16 (5.3%) for cardiac and trauma cases, respectively. The 32 fatal cases of blunt trauma (six in the SR, 10 within 24 hours, and 16 late deaths) were reviewed and assigned an injury severity score (ISS). Of these, 12 deaths were unrelated to central nervous system causes. These had an average ISS of 42.8. PMID- 7362102 TI - Sledding injuries. AB - Sixty-one sledding accidents presenting to two Philadelphia-area hospitals during a three-week period were reviewed. The majority of injuries were contusions and abrasions. Eight patients required hospitalization: four had abdominal injury. One patient with multiple trauma was pronounced dead on arrival. The physics of sledding and possible mechanisms of injury are discussed. PMID- 7362104 TI - Management of acute hand injuries. AB - A systematic evaluation of the hand, looking for functional or structural damage to each of its six tissue components, is the first step in managing the acute hand problem. We review the diagnostic and therapeutic decisions that are necessary to start treatment, and especially to avoid the pitfalls and oversights that may lead to complications and continuing disability. PMID- 7362105 TI - Methemoglobinemia from overdose of phenazopyridine hydrochloride. AB - A case of severe methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia following ingestion of 5.6 gm of phenazopyridine with suicidal intent by a 16-year-old woman was successfully treated with intravenous methylene blue. Methemoglobinemia was suspected in this patient because of her intense central cyanosis, chocolate colored blood, and minimal dyspnea. The patient's peripheral blood smear exhibited "bite cells." To the best of our knowledge, this is only the third such case reported in the literature. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy are reviewed. PMID- 7362103 TI - Lightning injuries: prognostic signs for death. AB - A chi-square analysis of 66 cases, including the author's eight cases and 58 from the literature, was undertaken to determine prognostic signs for death in patients seriously injured by lightning. A review of the injuries and of the physics and pathophysiology of lightning is presented. Prognosis was poor for those victims suffering leg burns (mortality 30%), cranial burns (37%), or cardiopulmonary arrest (76%). Death occurred in 30% of the cases studied. Permanent sequelae were found in 74% of the survivors. Nonsignificant factors were age, sex, and trunk and arm burns. Resuscitation of victims exhibiting loss of consciousness should begin immediately, as these are the most likely to die. PMID- 7362106 TI - Ventricular septal defect following blunt chest trauma. AB - We present the case of a patient with traumatic ventricular septal defects following blunt chest trauma. The pathophysiology and clinical presentation of the lesion are discussed. Definitive diagnostic procedures should be performed immediately in patients with suggestive findings to establish the diagnosis and to determine the magnitude of the shunt and the presence of pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7362107 TI - Cardiac concussion following softball blow to the chest. AB - We report two cases of sudden death in young men following softball blows to the chest. The deaths were presumed to be due to cardiac dysrhythmias because no significant traumatic lesions were found at autopsy. Cardiac concussion has rarely been reported to cause death. Lethal cardiac dysrhythmias may, however, occur following a sharp precordial blow without producing detectable chest wall or intrathoracic lesions. PMID- 7362108 TI - Fracture and dislocation about the carpal lunate. AB - A case of delayed diagnosis of dislocation of the carpal lunate is presented emphasizing the difficulty in diagnosing injuries about the carpal lunate. The types of fractures and dislocations about the carpal lunate are described, along with the clinical and radiographic findings that are helpful in making the diagnosis. PMID- 7362110 TI - The esophageal obturator airway: it works, but . . . . PMID- 7362109 TI - Current EMSS proposals--a disturbing sense of deja vu. PMID- 7362111 TI - Acetylator phenotype key to INH side effects. PMID- 7362112 TI - Emergency medicine elective for first-year medical students. PMID- 7362113 TI - Phencyclidine overdose. PMID- 7362114 TI - Experimental toxoplasmosis in calves and pregnant cows. AB - Experimental Toxoplasma gondii infections were studied in pregnant cows and in calves. In tests to compare their virulence, three strains of the toxoplasmal parasite were red to cats; then fecal oocysts were collected and given per os to calves. In tests to determine their effects, virulent tachyzoites or oocysts were given to 10 calves and to 22 pregnant cows by the oral, IV, or intraamniotic routes. Clinical signs were fever and inappetence. One cow in early gestation aborted 24 days after IV administration of tachyzoites. Gross and microscopic changes were slight and nonspecific. Toxoplasmas were isolaated from brain or liver of 4 cows, placenta of 2 cows, gastric contents of 2 near-term fetuses, and blood and tissues of calves. Toxoplasmas were not isolated from control cows. PMID- 7362115 TI - Embryo transfer in cattle: nonsurgical collection techniques. PMID- 7362117 TI - Direct measurement of biliary bilirubin excretion in ponies during fasting. AB - Biliary excretion of bilirubin, including the conjugate composition, was studied during feeding and during a 2.5-day fast of three pony mares with chronic external biliary (T-tube) fistulas. Fasting bilirubin excretion (1.96 +/- 0.74 microgram/min/kg of body weight), after establishing a new steady state, was not different from excretion during feeding (1.99 +/- 0.45 microgram/min/kg). Hyperbilirubinemia of fasting resulted from a reduced removal of plasma bilirubin rather than from an increased input of bilirubin into the plasma. Relative plasma excretion of the individual conjugate fractions of biliary bilirubin was not changed by fasting. PMID- 7362116 TI - Acid-base balance and selected hematologic, electrolyte, and blood chemical variables in calves: milk-fed vs conventionally fed. AB - Several hematologic, acid-base, and electrolyte variables were chacterized for newborn milk-fed calves and conventionally fed calves at weekly intervals for 15 weeks. Definition was given to the iron deficiency, microcytic, hypochromic anemia which developed in milk-fed calves. Acid-base variables in milk-fed calves differed from variables in conventionally fed calves only in having a greater value for base excess. Acid-base variables responded with decreasing magnitude by weeks for both feeding treatments, and responses associated with ambient temperature were suggested. Responses of the other variables and their comparisons between the feeding treatments also were analyzed. PMID- 7362118 TI - Ultrastructure of Haemophilus equigenitalis, causative agent of contagious equine metritis. AB - Haemophilus equigenitalis, a proposed new species of Haemophilus and the causative agent of contagious equine metritis, a venereal disease of the horse, had ultrastructural characteristics of gram-negative bacteria. The organism additionally had a small, threadlike capsule that was removed by heating in phosphate-buffered saline solution. Heating also detached the outer membrane from the cytoplasmic membrane. The capsule could only be demonstrated when bacterial were stained with ruthenium red during the preparation of ultrathin sections. The gross morphology of newly isolated organisms (rodlike or coccal) depended upon the medium on which they were grown. PMID- 7362119 TI - Plasma phase viremia in canine distemper virus infection. AB - Plasma samples from gnotobiotic pups infected with R252 canine distemper virus at 7 days of age contained free infective virus when titrated on canine pulmonary macrophage cultures. Virus was detected 7 days after infection and increased thereafter. Platelets may be involved in leukocyte-free viremia. The present study indicated that the method of dissemination of the virus in vivo involves plasma and canine distemper virus-infected leukocytes. PMID- 7362120 TI - Coagulation properties of fresh-frozin canine plasma during prolonged storage. AB - Coagulation properties of fresh platelet-poor canine plasma from 20 dogs were examined before freezing and after storage at intervals of up to 1 year. Prothrombin time and factor V activity did not change in frozen plasma when compared with data obtained after plasma was stored 1 week. When compared with that of fresh plasma, activated partial thromboplastin time shortened and factor VIII activity decreased after freezing and thawing of fresh plasma after 1 week, activated partial thromboplastin time in fresh-frozen plasma gradually shortened during the year of storage. Factor viii activity increased in the first 4 months of storage, but gradually decreased by 1 year. PMID- 7362121 TI - Interaction between Pasteurella haemolytica and bovine alveolar macrophages: cytotoxic effect on macrophages and impaired phagocytosis. AB - Cultured bovine alveolar macrophages phagocytosed formalized 125I-labeled Pasteurella haemolytica organisms poorly when compared with uptake of an identical number of radiolabeled Yersinia enterocolitica organisms. The presence of immune serum enhanced uptake of P haemolytica, yet at high bacteria-to macrophage ratios, a significant positive correlation existed between uptake and loss of cells from coverslips. This phenomenon was not observed with Y enterocolitica. While culture supernatant from P haemolytica either impaired phagocytosis or were cytotoxic to cultured macrophages, supernatant from Y enterocolitica did not show this effect. The observation of an apparent deterimental effect on bovine alveolar macrophages after uptake of P haemolytica may be used to explain events occurring in pneumonic pasteurellosis in cattle and may help in the development of immunizaiton techniques. PMID- 7362122 TI - Physicochemical and biological properties of neonatal calf diarrhea coronaviruses isolated in Quebec and comparison with the Nebraska calf coronavirus. PMID- 7362123 TI - Ion transport by the pig colon: effects of time and anesthesia. AB - A method for temporarily isolating a 50-cm loop of ascending spiral colon in the pig allowed a study of the effect of halothane anesthesia on colonic absorption without complications of acute surgical trauma, and provided a means to obtain timed samples of the colonic solution. Test solutions instilled into the loop consisted of a volatile fatty acid solution, similar in composition to normal colonic contents, and a Ringer solution. Ther was no apppreciable change in the rate of net solute absorption in conscious or anesthetized animals in repeated 1 hour determinations over a 6-hour period, provided the cardiovascular and arterial acid base variables remained stable. Net rates and direction of individually transported solutes and H20 were essentially unaffected by anesthesia during 2-hour experimental periods. However, net solute changes in this closed-loop system were not constant during individual absorption periods. These changes were due to a volume dependence on the rate of net absorption and a rapid dissipation of the driving forces initially present. Failure to recognize these time-dependent changes may leas to serious misinterpretations of the results. PMID- 7362124 TI - A relationship between degree of laxity and synovial fluid volume in coxofemoral joints of dogs predisposed for hip dysplasia. PMID- 7362126 TI - Serum bromide concentrations during and after halothane anesthesia in dogs. AB - Serum bromide concentrations of ten dogs were determined before, during, and after 2 hours of anesthesia with halothane. Serum bromide concentrations increased significantly (P less than 0.05), beginning at 30 minutes of anesthesia and remained significantly (P less than 0.05) increased until the end of the experiment--10 days after anesthesia. Peak bromide concentration occurred 1 day after anesthesia in five dogs (50%) and varied between 4 mg/dl and 8.8 mg/dl. Bromide concentration remained significantly (P less than 0.05) increased for the length of the experiment. Possible sedative or psychoactive levels of increased serum bromide concentrations are discussed. PMID- 7362125 TI - Electrophysiologic studies of cutaneous nerves of the thoracic limb of the dog. AB - The cutaneous innervation of the thoracic limb was investigated in 36 barbiturate anesthetized dogs, using electrophysiologic techniques. The cutaneous area (CA) innervated by each cutaneous nerve was delineated in at least five dogs by stroking the hair in the area with a small watercolor brush while recording from the nerve. Mapping of adjacent CA revealed areas of considerable overlapping. The part of the CA of a given nerve supplied by only that nerve is referred to as its autonomous zone. Of all nerves arising from the brachial plexus, only the suprascapular, subscapular, lateral thoracic, thoracodorsal, and cranial and caudal pectoral nerves lacked cutaneous afferents. The dorsal cutaneous branch of C6 had a CA, but no grossly demonstrable dorsal cutaneous branches for C7 C8, or T1 were found. The cervical nerves had ventral cutaneous branches, but no lateral cutaneous branches. Thoracic nerves T2-T4 had dorsal, ventral, and lateral cutaneous branches. The cutaneous branches of the brachiocephalic, axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median, and ulnar nerves all had CA which were overlapped by adjacent CA, thus their autonomous zones were much smaller than the cutaneous areas usually depicted for these nerves in anatomy and neurology textbooks. PMID- 7362128 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in Marek's disease virus-infected chickens genetically selected for high and low concentrations of plasma corticosterone. AB - Lines of chickens genetically selected for high (HPC)-and low-plasma corticosterone (LPC) titers were assessed for cell-mediated immunity during Marek's disease tumorigenesis. Lymphocyte transformation (using phytohemagglutinin and 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-bovine serum complex) and mitogen induced cellular cytotoxicity were evaluated with peripheral blood leukocytes. Chickens from the LPC line showed a greater lymphocyte transformation response than those from the HPC line. All tumor-bearing chickens demonstrated a markedly suppressed blastogenic response. Although the blastogenic response was suppressed in those chickens infected with Marek's disease virus but not having gross tumors when compared with the steroid level, this response was greater than that of chickens with tumors and less than that of normal controls. In comparison with LPC-line chickens, HPC-line chickens demonstrated a decreased mitogen-induced cellular cytotoxicity. A decreased mitogen-induced cellular cytotoxicity was observed in both steroid lines concomitant with the onset and severity of tumors. The impaired cell-mediated response observed in the HPC line was associated with an increased tumor incidence and a greater mortality than that observed in the LPC line. Metyrapone, a chemical which blocks adrenal corticosterone synthesis, transiently enhanced mitogen-induced cellular cytotoxicity and initiated tumor regression in chickens debilitated with Marek's disease tumors. PMID- 7362127 TI - Radiographic changes associated with developing dirofilariasis in experimentally infected dogs. AB - Experimental heartworm infection was established in ten dogs. Five had mild infections (8 to 21 worms) and five had severe infections (41 to 96 worms). After larval inoculation, dogs were radiographed each month for 1 year to evaluate cardiopulmonary changes occurring as the heartworm disease developed. Changes seen radiographically during the first year of heartworm infection were related to the magnitude of the worm burden. In mild infections, changes mainly involved the terminal portion of the right caudal lobar pulmonary artery and were minimal. In severe infections, changes mainly involved the entirety of the right caudal lobar pulmonary artery. In some dogs, an increase in size of the right cranial lobar pulmonary artery was seen. Gross changes in the size of the right ventricle and main pulmonary artery did not frequently occur during the first year. PMID- 7362129 TI - What is this thing called love? --or, defining asthma. PMID- 7362131 TI - Correlation of pulmonary function with the chest roentgenogram in chronic airway obstruction. AB - To evaluate the correlation of various roentgenographic indices with airway obstruction, the chest roentgenograms of 189 patients were independently examined (without knowledge of their clinical status or measured pulmonary function) by a pulmonary physician and by a chest radiologist. For most indices, there was a close correlation in the measured results between the 2 observers; the exception was assessment of areas of hyperlucency. Airflow obstruction was best correlated with the level of the right dome of the diaphragm. When this level was at or below the anterior end of the seventh rib, airflow obstruction was almost invariably present (specificity greater than 97%); however, the sensitivity of this index was low (range, 31 to 42%). There was a significant correlation with other roentgenographic indices; however, curvature of the diaphragm and retrosternal space were not as good over-all indices of airflow obstruction as was the level of the right dome of the diaphragm. When the retrosternal space was greater 4.4 cm or the transverse diameter of the heart was less than 11.5 cm, airflow obstruction was almost invariably present; but the sensitivity of these indices was low. In contrast, the presence and extent of areas of hyperlucency were poorly correlated with airflow obstruction. Parahilar bronchi were visualized in less than 50% of the chest roentgenograms by either observer; the ratio of wall thickness to diameter of these bronchi was not well correlated with the degree of airflow obstruction. The results indicate that a good assessment of the presence or absence of airflow obstruction can be made from various features of the chest roentgenogram. PMID- 7362130 TI - Alcohol consumption and airway obstruction. AB - To clarify the basis of the reported association between alcohol and pulmonary disease, the relationship between intake of alcohol and pulmonary function was examined in 2,539 community-dwelling adult participants in an ongoing longitudinal study of risk factors for airway obstruction. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s, expressed as a percentage of forced vital capacity, was used as the indicator of airway obstruction, and forced vital capacity expressed as a percentage of the predicted value was used as an index of restriction. Although crude (unadjusted) mean values of the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity were significantly lower for heavy than for light drinkers, the difference disappeared when adjustment was made for numerous confounding factors (including such recognized risk factors for pulmonary disease as cigarette smoking, low socioeconomic status, male sex, and age). There was also no evidence of an association between consumption of alcohol and airway restriction. Although these findings do not rule out a possible effect of alcohol on pulmonary disease, its impact, if any, is probably the result of interaction with other factors associated with alcoholism, if not derived primarily from those other factors. PMID- 7362132 TI - Development of airway reactivity to nitrates in subjects with influenza. PMID- 7362133 TI - Short-term respiratory effects of polluted ambient air: a laboratory study of volunteers in a high-oxidant community. AB - To investigate short-term health effects of community air pollution directly, we developed a mobile laboratory allowing "blind" exposures of volunteers to polluted ambient air and to purified air at similar temperature and humidity. Subjects (30 asthmatic, 34 normal) from the surrounding area were studied at Duarte, California, a Los Angeles suburb subject to frequent photochemical oxidant pollution. Each was exposed to a close approximation of outdoor ambient air for 2 h with intermittent light exercise. Lung function and symptoms were evaluated pre- and post-exposure. A control (purified air) study took place several weeks later. Mean ambient air exposure concentrations were near 0.22 ppm for ozone and 200 micrograms/m3 for total suspended particulate. Ambient air exposures were associated with small significant losses in forced expiratory performance and total lung capacity. The responses of asthmatic and normal subjects were generally not significantly different, possibly because many normal subjects had a history of allergy and appeared atypically reactive to respiratory insults. In the normal subjects, a small significant increase in reported symptoms was seen with ambient air exposures compared with the control. In the asthmatics, the increase was not significant. Over-all, only slight effects attributable to exposure were found, even though a severely polluted area and a presumed high-risk population were chosen for study. PMID- 7362134 TI - Ventilatory muscle training improves exercise capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. AB - We examined the effect of a 6-wk period of ventilatory muscle endurance training on the maximal sustained ventilatory capacity (MSVC) and on exercise tolerance in 10 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). No significant changes occurred in lung volumes or spirometric indices. After training, the MSVC increased from 32 +/- 11 to 42 +/- 13 l/min (P less than 0.001) and the MSVC/FEV1 ratio from 40.2 +/- 8.8 to 47.8 +/- 8.0 (P less than 0.001). Oxygen consumption during the MSVC increased from 460 +/- 94 to 647 +/- 107 ml/min (P less than 0.001), and MSVC heart rate increased from 99 +/- 15 to 114 +/- 15 (P less than 0.001). The post MSVC blood lactate increased from 1.55 +/- 1.29 to 2.85 +/- 1.05 mM/l (P less than 0.001). Maximal exercise ventilation measured by an incremental ergometer test increased from 32 +/- 8 to 36 +/- 11.5 l/min for leg exercise and from 30.4 +/- 8.4 to 33.7 +/- 8.9 l/min (P less than 0.01) for arm exercise. Endurance time at a constant submaximal load increased from 6.98 +/- 4.30 to 10.76 +/- 6.00/min (P less than 0.01) for leg exercise and from 5.76 +/- 3.53 to 10.47 +/- 6.57/min (P less than 0.01) for arm exercise. The maximal distance covered in a 12-min walk increased from 1,058 +/- 161 to 1,188 +/- 201 m (P less than 0.01). We concluded that ventilatory muscle training in patients with COPD improved the ventilatory muscle performance, as indicated by the increased MSVC, oxygen consumption during the MSVC, and the maximal exercise ventilation. There was a substantial increase in submaximal exercise endurance for both arm and leg work. PMID- 7362136 TI - Alveolar gas compression in smokers and asthmatics. AB - To correlate the degree of alveolar gas compression with the severity of airway obstruction, we plotted separately exhaled and plethysmographic maximal expiratory-flow-volume (MEFV) curves in each of 4 healthy nonsmokers, 4 asymptomatic smokers, and 4 asymptomatic asthmatics. Spirometry, lung volumes, single breath nitrogen plateau (Phase III), and closing volumes (Phase IV) were normal in the smokers and nonsmokers, and there were either normal or showed evidence of mild airway obstruction in the asthmatics. MEFV curves were plotted by using exhaled flow (VE) against exhaled volume (VE), and by using plethysmographic flow (VL) against plethysmographic volume (VL). These curves were utilized to construct isovolume-pressure-flow (IVPF) curves of esophageal pressure (Pes) against VE and against VL for each subject. Differences in the flow (VL minus VE) were calculated from these curves at 75% vital capacity (VC), 50% VC, and 25% VC at the same Pes in all 3 groups. At 75% VC, the mean flow difference in the asthmatic group was significantly higher than in normals (P less than 0.05); at 50% VC, it was significantly higher both in the asthmatics and the smokers (P less than 0.05); at 25% VC, there was no significant difference among the 3 groups. The mean plethysmographic forced vital capacity (FVC) exceeded exhaled FVC in all 3 groups, but the difference was significantly higher in smokers and asthmatics than in nonsmokers (P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that significant alveolar gas compression may occur at 75% VC in mild asthmatics, whereas in smokers it occurs at the middle portion of the VC. PMID- 7362135 TI - Control and modulation of respiration in Steinert's myotonic dystrophy. AB - Respiratory impairment in patients with Steinert's muscular dystrophy is known to lead to respiratory failure. Both the blunted chemical drive of breathing and the respiratory muscle weakness have been cited in the pathophysiology of premature death in these patients. To further assess the chemical control of breathing in these patients, we measured their respiratory responses to hypoxia (Weil's method), hyperoxia (Dejours' method), and hypercapnia (Read's method). In response to the stimuli from these respiratory centers, minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), respiratory frequency (F), mean inspiratory flow rate (VT/Ti), and occlusion pressure (P0.1) were measured in 12 patients and in 12 normal persons matched to the patients on the basis of age, sex, and arm span. The patients were similar to the control subjects in occlusion pressure results. However, they differed significantly (P less than 0.01) in ventilatory responses by a lower VE, lower VT, higher F, and lower VT/Ti in response to the hypercapnia and hypoxia tests. The responses of patients and control subjects were similar during the hyperoxia tests. Our study, therefore, established that the chemosensitivity of the respiratory centers, as measured by P0.1, is well preserved in Steinert's myotonic dystrophy, but the output to breathing (VE, VT, F, VT/Ti) is modulated by the impaired respiratory mechanics causing a tachypneic breathing pattern, even in the absence of restricted lung volume. PMID- 7362137 TI - Bronchomotor effect of bronchoconstriction-induced deep inspirations in asthmatics. PMID- 7362138 TI - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the immunocompromised host: the significance of a "nonspecific" transbronchial biopsy. AB - Fifty-eight flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopies were performed in 49 immunocompromised patients in the diagnostic evaluation of pulmonary infiltrates. Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBB) provided a specific diagnosis in only 12 of 47 procedures (26%). The addition of bronchial brushings to the procedures slightly increased the diagnostic yield. The yield of bronchial brushings was enhanced in patients with diffuse infiltrates on chest roentgenogram (P less than 0.05). Nonspecific inflammatory or fibrotic changes were the most common histologic finding on TBB when pulmonary parenchyma was obtained (found in 16 of 47 procedures, or 34%). Alternative specific etiologic diagnoses were established in 7 of these 16 cases by other diagnostic modalities. Contrary to previous reports, further evaluation of nonspecific changes on TBB may lead to changes in therapy and improved prognosis in selected patients. Complications related to the bronchoscopic procedures were infrequent and resulted in no prolonged morbidity. PMID- 7362139 TI - Epidemiologic health survey of grain elevator workers in British Columbia. PMID- 7362140 TI - Dysanapsis in normal lungs assessed by the relationship between maximal flow, static recoil, and vital capacity. AB - To quantify the degree of association, if any, between lung size and airway size in humans, the ratio of a measurement known to be sensitive to airway size (maximal expiratory flow divided by static recoil pressure at 50% of vital capacity) to one sensitive to lung size (vital capacity) was examined. If lung and airway size changed together, this ratio would be the same for large and small lungs, i.e., for persons with large and small vital capacities. If lung and airway size were independent, then, on average, the ratio would vary as (vital capacity)-1. Data for 21 men 20 to 50 yr of age showed that the ratio to decreased approximately as (vital capacity)-4/3. This is consistent with independence of airway diameter but dependence of airway length on lung size. Data for each of 7 females of comparable age fell below the adult male (smaller ratios at a given size), as did data for 5 boys less than 20 yr of age. These results suggest that women and boys have airways that are smaller relative to lung size than are those of men and that these sex differences develop late in the growth period. PMID- 7362141 TI - Calibration of time derivatives of forced vital capacity by explosive decompression. AB - A simple, portable, inexpensive device is described that simulates expiratory flow curves for calibration of spirometers. A 4-L metal cylinder filled with copper mesh is fitted with a precision manometer. The pressure is increased to twice atmospheric and released by explosive decompression through 4 easily interchangeable resistors. The ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity ranged from 0.80 to 0.25, thus encompassing the range from normal to severe obstruction. Accuracy was defined by 25 measurements of forced vital capacity that differed by no more than 0.5% from the actual cylinder volume. Repeatability was reflected by a standard deviation of at most 0.04 L/s for one-second forced expiratory volume, mid-expiratory flow, and instantaneous flows at 50 and 25% of the forced vital capacity. Peak flow was less reproducible. Calibrations of a water spirometer at increased altitude and at temperatures from 4 degrees to 37 degrees C revealed no significant changes in volume or flow rates. Standard values have remained unchanged for 2.5 yr. Three volume spirometers and 2 primary flow devices were tested extensively. PMID- 7362143 TI - Circadian rhythm and proliferation of lung alveolar wall cells during postnatal growth in mice. AB - The circadian rhythm of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and mitosis in lung alveolar wall cells was studied in the mouse at 4 h intervals during postnatal days 4 and 5. Rhythmic variations in DNA synthesis and mitosis were observed both days, but their peak activities differed. On day 4, the greatest DNA synthesis occurred at 10 p.m. and the highest mitotic rate occurred at 2 p.m. On day 5, the greatest DNA synthesis and the highest mitotic rate both occurred at 10 p.m. On postnatal day 4, both DNA synthetic and mitotic rates showed peaks that occurred at the same time both at 2 p.m. and at 10 p.m. On postnatal day 4, both DNA synthetic and mitotic rates showed peaks that occurred at the same time both at 2 p.m. and at the 10 p.m. On postnatal day 5, 2 DNA synthesis peaks were observed, one at 10 a.m. and one at 10 p.m., with only 1 mitotic peak at 10 p.m. The length of intermitotic phases S and G2 of lung alveolar wall cells appears to be 5.5 h and 3 h, respectively. PMID- 7362142 TI - Micropipette measurement of airway submucosal gland secretion. Autonomic effects. AB - We describe a micropipette method for obtaining secretions from single submucosal gland ducts in vivo in cat tracheas. The secretory rate of 65 glands sampled under basal conditions in 16 animals varied from 3 to 30 nl/min (mean +/- SE, 9.05 +/- 0.60 nl/min) and varied 2 to 3-fold among glands sampled within an animal. Sequential samples collected from individual ducts during a 10-min period were highly repeatable (correlation coefficient, 0.96) and were remarkably constant for as long as 4 h. Vagal cooling decreased the secretory rate by a mean of 39% (n = 11, p less than 0.05). Stimulation of the cervical vagus nerves increased flow from 8.3 +/- 0.7 to 16.4 +/- 0.8 nl/min (n = 15, p less than 0.01), an effect that was abolished by intravenous injection of 0.5 mg of atropine sulfate/kg of body weight or by cooling of the vagus nerves, but not by 0.08 mg of phentolamine/kg given intravenously. Intravenous injection of 0.3 mg of phenylephrine/kg of body weight increased flow from 8.6 +/- 0.6 to 18.9 +/- 1.1 nl/min (n = 20, p less than 0.001), an effect that was prevented by phentolamine, but not by atropine. We conclude that cholinergic and alpha adrenergic stimulation increases fluid secretion from feline submucosal glands. PMID- 7362144 TI - Link between MAI organisms and broiler production noted. PMID- 7362145 TI - Update of adjuvant therapy for malignant melanoma and carcinoma of the breast: whom do you believe? PMID- 7362146 TI - Patterns of morbidity and mortality in splenic trauma. AB - The cases of 337 consecutive patients undergoing splenectomy for trauma have been reviewed. The combination of physical examination and peritoneal lavage is effective and safe in establishing the need for operation. Associated injuries are the major determinants of mortality. Exsanguination, infection, and neurologic injuries are the major causes of death. PMID- 7362147 TI - Glycerol and methylprednisolone in lung contusion. AB - An experimental model was developed in dogs that quantifies the amount of pulmonary trauma produced. The severity of thoracic trauma is related to mortality and to a presence or absence of bilateral pulmonary injury. Bilateral injury represents severe trauma, consistently alters blood gases and is associated with significant mortality when untreated. Both methylprednisolone and glycerol exerted beneficial effects on mortality from bilateral pulmonary contusion, and glycerol altered the blood gas pattern towards normal. Glycerol has been utilized extensively clinically to reverse the adverse effects of cerebral edema. It may prove to be of similar value when pulmonary injury is an important factor. PMID- 7362148 TI - Penetrating wounds of the neck: explore or not? AB - While routine formal exploration for all neck wounds penetrating the platysma remains a safe policy, our experience indicates that it is not necessarily the best policy in large, well-staffed teaching hospitals with extensive trauma services. Careful and repeated physical examinations and observations supplemented by simple radiograph examinations allowed selection of a large group of patients who were satisfactorily treated by simple wound closure and clinical observations. Aggressive emergency room management and adequate exposure and repair of vascular injuries prevented cerebral damage so common in previous reports. PMID- 7362149 TI - Differentiation of vascular and neurogenic claudication. PMID- 7362150 TI - Thyroidography as a technique for localization of parathyroid adenomas. AB - Thyroidography was performed in seven patients with hyperparathyroidism. The technique accurately localized parathyroid adenomas in six patients. It was not useful in the patient with hyperplasia of the glands due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. There were no recognizable complications. Thyroidography is a simple technique, and we feel that it is useful in preoperative evaluation of patients with hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7362152 TI - Kawasaki disease in healthy young adult. AB - This report describes a 26-year-old woman who fulfills the criteria for the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease or mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, an acute febrile illness that usually afflicts young children. The diagnosis is made in persons with fever lasting 5 or more days when four of the following criteria are met: bilateral injection of ocular conjunctivae; the involvement of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract consisting of any combination of the following--redness and fissuring of lips; "strawberry tongue," or erythema of the pharynx; involvement of the peripheral extremities characterized in the early stages by an indurative erythematous rash of palms and soles followed by membranous desquamation; polymorphous nonvesicular truncal exanthem; and acute nonsuppurative enlargement of cervical lymph nodes. An added stipulation is that the illness must not be attributable to a known disease process. PMID- 7362151 TI - Shock and the sick cell. PMID- 7362154 TI - Pulse methylprednisolone therapy in idiopathic, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. AB - Idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis is associated with a 70% to 80% incidence of end-stage renal failure. Oral corticosteroid therapy in combination with immunosuppressive agents or anticoagulants has not altered the prognosis of this disease. We have seen five adults with idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis and treated them with intravenous methylprednisolone. Before therapy, the average serum creatinine concentration was 7.4 +/- 1.3 mg/dL (chi square +/- SEM). This value declined to 2.0 +/- 0.48 mg/dL within 4 weeks. All patients continue to maintain stable renal function over an average follow-up period of 19 months (range 1.5 to 36 months). These data suggest that a prospective controlled trial of this therapy is warranted in the management of this entity. PMID- 7362153 TI - Transient elevation of serum thyroid hormone concentration after initiation of replacement therapy in myxedema. AB - Measurements of thyroid hormone concentrations in serum are commonly used to determine the proper dose of hormone replacement. We have noted that early in the course of thyroxine (T4) replacement in myxedema, serum T4 concentrations may be transiently elevated before reaching a lower "steady-state" level. This observation is illustrated in a study of six patients. Serum T4, free thyroxine index, and triiodothyronine (T3) rose to peak concentrations at 2 to 6 weeks, 35% to 120% above the values achieved 4 to 8 months later. Values were transiently in the thyrotoxic range in five of the six patients. This phenomenon is most likely due to a decrease in the metabolic clearance rate of the absorbed hormone associated with hypometabolism. Thus, serum T4 and T3 concentrations during the first 6 months of therapy do not reflect the optimal dose of T4 replacement on a long-term basis. PMID- 7362155 TI - Apparent potentiation of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by alcohol. PMID- 7362156 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced intrahepatic cholestasis. PMID- 7362157 TI - Psychosexual adjustment and counseling after myocardial infarction. AB - The current trend in cardiac rehabilitation is toward the empirical and systematic evaluation of the effectiveness of general and specific components. Clearly, resumption of sexual activity is important to the rehabilitation of patients and their partners. In fact, resumption of sexual behavior may be therapeutic in solidfying the marital relationship during stressful readjustment periods. A satisfying sexual relationship can be valuable as a step towards fostering self-confidence and a feeling of returning health. The cardiac rehabilitation program should strive for a multidisciplinary team approach and to initiate intervention and counseling as early as medically possible during the hospitalization. Counseling programs should always include the exploration of the possible concerns of patients and their partners about resumption of sexual activity. Patients should be advised as to the realities of their fears and provided with guidelines for facilitating a satisfying sexual relationship. PMID- 7362158 TI - Embryonic determination and differentiation. AB - At the cellular level, development proceeds in a series of stages in which precursor cells are first restricted in their developmental potential (determination) and subsequently express their genetic information as specific tissues (differentiation). This paper discusses the problems encountered in seeking to understand the molecular mechanisms of thes processes and describes several model systems. A novel approach involves the inhibition of differentiation by virus transformation of the precursor cells in the chick primary mesenchyme, The transformed cells are cloned, grown to large numbers, and then analyzed biochemically. PMID- 7362159 TI - Epidemiology and the 1980 census. PMID- 7362160 TI - Kawasaki disease: from children to adults. PMID- 7362161 TI - Defective medical interviews. PMID- 7362162 TI - Defective medical interviews. PMID- 7362163 TI - Defective medical interviews. PMID- 7362164 TI - The Marxist view of medicine. PMID- 7362165 TI - Drug regulation. PMID- 7362166 TI - Geriatric services. PMID- 7362167 TI - Side effects of ibuprofen. PMID- 7362168 TI - Butyl nitrite and methemoglobinemia. PMID- 7362169 TI - The Schilling test. PMID- 7362171 TI - Hepatic granulomas in brucellosis. PMID- 7362172 TI - Ascites, the LeVeen shunt, and endotoxin. PMID- 7362173 TI - Hepatic granulomas in brucellosis. PMID- 7362170 TI - Nicoumalone and nalidixic acid interaction. PMID- 7362174 TI - The thyroid gland and radiation for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7362175 TI - Tamoxifen and hypercalcemia. PMID- 7362176 TI - Hemoperfusion for intoxication. PMID- 7362177 TI - Hemoglobin A1c reproducibility. PMID- 7362179 TI - ["Salmonella typhi" resistant to chloramphenicol isolated north of Lisbon (author's transl)]. AB - Thirteen strains of Salmonella typhi phage type A/Tan isolated in a typhoid endemic zone north to Lisbon (November 1977-June 1979) showed a low chloramphenicol resistance (MIC = 32 microgram/ml). None of these strains could transfer chloramphenicol resistance at 28 or 37 degrees C. Production of chloramphenicol-acetyl-transferase by these strains could not be demonstrated. No extrachromosomal DNA was detected by agarose-gel electrophoresis. A chromosomal resistance mechanism is postulated which could act on the permeation system. PMID- 7362178 TI - [Kinetic study on coagulase formation and growth of "Staphylococcus aureus": comparative and combined action of antibiotics and gamma radiation (author's transl)]. AB - Coagulase production is preserved in Staphylococcus aureus cultures although growth was strongly reduced after irradiation with 90,000 rads by a 60Co source. Kinetic studies on the growth and coagulase formation by non-irradiated and irradiated bacteria are reported, using various antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, actinomycin D and mitomycin. Both chloramphenicol (1-50 microgram/ml) and actinomycin D (0.05-0.8 microgram/ml) added to S. aureus cultures reduce and finally inhibit growth rate and coagulase synthesis proportionally to their concentration in the medium; irradiated and non irradiated cultures behave similarly to the inhibitory action of those antibiotics. Mitomycin between 0.2-9.6 microgram/ml reduces growth, but enzyme production is slightly affected; high levels of coagulase are observed in non growing cultures. Mitomycin and gamma radiation affecting DNA give similar results: inhibition of growth but not of enzyme formation. Kinetics studies show that coagulase is synthesized during the first five minutes, either in irradiated or in non-irradiated cultures. Indication of a de novo synthesis, instead of a mere release of ready-formed enzyme, is given by using chloramphenicol or actinomycin which strongly inhibit coagulase production in irradiated S. aureus. Cultures treated by those antibiotics have their coagulase levels reduced to the same degree, were they irradiated or not; it is assumed that both types of cultures behave similarly, as far as enzyme production is concerned. A massive irradiation dose alone--or mitomycin in high concentrations alone--may suspend bacterial growth although enzyme synthesis continues. A similar result is obtained by combining lower irradiation doses with an appropriate antibiotic. The combined and/or synergistic actions of gamma radiation and antibiotics could successfully differentiate between the two cellular functions: growth and enzyme synthesis. PMID- 7362180 TI - ["In vitro" susceptibility of some aerobic and anaerobic bacteria to three 5 nitro-imidazole derivatives: metronidazole, ornidazole and tinidazole (author's transl)]. AB - As shown earlier, the three drugs are effective against most anaerobic bacteria. However, with Bacteroides fragilis the geometric mean MIC of metronidazole (0.43 microgram/ml), ornidazole (0.37 microgram/ml) and tinidazole (0.20 microgram/ml) are statistically different. Moreover, and contrary to generally accepted opinion, some aerobic bacteria such as Moraxella and Bacillus can be susceptible to nitro-imidazoles. The results suggest another mechanism for the action of nitro-imidazoles, different from that previously described. This underscores the major role of the reduction of the nitrogroup by a low-redox-potential. Two strains of strictly anaerobic bacteria show a relative resistance in the microaerophilic zone. PMID- 7362181 TI - [Comparative study of serotypes of "Mycobacterium avium" isolated from human and animal (author's transl)]. AB - The large number of avian strains isolated from pathological samples lead us to use serologic method in order to compare the serotypes of animal and human strains. The results show that the serotypes identified in strains from man (1, 2, 8, 9, 12, 14, 16 and 20) are more numerous than those identified in strains from animals (1, 2, 3, 4 and 8), and that the serotypes 1, 2 and 3 are found in animals more often (98%) than in man (47%). The distribution of the identified serotypes are similar to Piening et al's and Schaefer's but with different proportion, and inverse to Nemoto's and Tsukamura's. The transmission of M. avium from animal to man by the intermediary of the environment is discussed. PMID- 7362182 TI - From the president. Address to the Annual Meeting of Fellows and Members held at the College on 12th December 1979. PMID- 7362183 TI - Cecil Joll Lecture, 1979. Respiratory obstruction in thyroid surgery. AB - The causes of respiratory obstruction before, during, and after thyroid surgery are outlined and their clinical features described. The dangers of postoperative respiratory obstruction are emphasised and the measures necessary to prevent it if possible, to anticipate it, and treat it are discussed in detail. PMID- 7362184 TI - Gastric carcinoma: is radical gastrectomy worth while? AB - Total gastrectomy as the treatment of choice for gastric carcinoma was evaluated by a number of centres during the decade 1945-55. The operative mortality was found to be higher, the 5-year survival rate was lower, and the undesirable digestive side effects were greater than those following subtotal resection. The very radical subtotal resections with miniature gastric remnants were also found to result in postgastrectomy symptoms quite similar to those of total gastrectomy. Technical refinements of oesophagojejunal anastomoses and the use of nutritional supplements and antianaemic therapy have reduced but have not eliminated the sequelae of radical gastrectomy.A review of 15 reports of gastric cancer treatment from 8 countries suggests that in recent years total gastrectomy has been utilised in 25.4% of resections, with an average operative mortality of 21.7% and a 5-year survival of 12.3%. Radical resection or total gastrectomy is recommended for certain specific conditions, but for the usual antral gastric cancer subtotal resection distal to the vasa brevia with preservation of the gastric fundus and spleen is recommended PMID- 7362185 TI - Surgical management of hyperparathyroidism. AB - Hyperparathyroidism is a single-gland disease in 80--90% of cases. About one-half of the patients surgically treated are asymptomatic, but the risk of complications is great enough to justify cervical exploration in most cases. Using knowledge of embryology and anatomy for exploration of the parathyroid glands the surgeon can locate the pathological tissue in 95% of cases without the use of sophisticated tests. Once the disease has been treated the recurrence rate of hypercalcaemia is no more than 1%. When hyperplasia is the underlying pathological condition subtotal parathyroidectomy, or resection of 3 1/2 glands, is indicated. Every attempt should be made to reduce the incidence of permanent hypocalcaemia as a complication of treatment and to keep surgical mortality near zero. PMID- 7362187 TI - Early detection of breast cancer: results of a screening programme. PMID- 7362186 TI - Biological considerations in the treatment of early carcinoma of the breast and their role in the selection of therapy. PMID- 7362188 TI - Radical breast surgery. PMID- 7362190 TI - Selective policy in the treatment of early breast cancer (abstract). PMID- 7362191 TI - Drainage after cholecystectomy. AB - Sixty-one patients undergoing simple cholecystectomy and 12 undergoing cholecystectomy and exploration of the common bile duct were studied. The volumes produced from the abdominal drains were measured and the postoperative course observed and compared in all cases. The mean total drainage after simple cholecystectomy was 135 ml in 5 days and after cholecystectomy and exploration of the common bile duct 94 ml in 5 days. With such low volumes drained the majority of patients undergoing simple elective cholecystectomy do not need to be drained. In the small number of patients studied our results would also appear to indicate that a policy of non-drainage may be safe after cholecystectomy with exploration of the common bile duct or after cholecystectomy combined with other operative procedures--for example, vagotomy and pyloroplasty. If the surgeon decides to use a drain it would seem that the RediVac system is as efficient as other systems commonly used and is associated with less pain and fewer complications. PMID- 7362189 TI - Primary treatment of breast cancer by modified radical mastectomy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. PMID- 7362192 TI - Kutler repair for amputated fingertip. PMID- 7362193 TI - PTFE (Goretex) grafts for limb salvage. PMID- 7362194 TI - Ultrastructure of parathyroid adenomas. AB - The ultrastructure of 12 cases of parathyroid adenomas is analyzed in the light of recent discoveries of biochemical functions of the parathyroids. Variants of parathyroid chief cells forming the adenomas are illustrated and cytologic details are explored. The correlation of cytoplasmic structures with hormone synthesis, transfer, secretion and intracellular lysosomal degradation is reviewed. A hormone secretory cycle in parathyroid adenomas is not observed. Current knowledge of parathyroid biochemistry does support modulation of hormone production and degradation by parathyroid chief cells rather than a cyclic secretory activity. Unusual structures and alterations of the normal organelles found in parathyroid adenomas are described and illustrated. Contrary to detailed knowledge of hormone synthesis, little is known about other metabolic and structural alterations in these adenomas. The reasons for massive accumulation of lipid, glycogen and mitochondria remain to be explored. As yet, neither ultrastructural investigation nor better understanding of biochemical processes of hormone production have led to recognition of etiologic factors inducing parathyroid adenomas. PMID- 7362195 TI - Problems in the diagnosis of transferase and galactokinase deficient galactosemia. AB - Galactose in serum and galactose-1-phosphate in erythrocytes were measured in six transferase deficient children to determine if these metabolites could be used in detecting transferase deficient galactosemia. In all six children the galactose levels were normal and the galactose-1-phosphate elevated. The galactose level depends on diet and the rate of metabolism to galactose-1-phosphate and, therefore, should not be used to predict transferase deficient galactosemia. The galactose-1-phosphate level was elevated in all the transferase deficient children because once formed it cannot be metabolized. Measurement of galactose-1 phosphate is difficult and is usually requested to determine whether or not the child is following the galactose restricted diet. In transferase deficient galactosemia, the enzyme hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase is absent. The diagnosis should be determined by measurement of the activity of the enzyme hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase in erythrocytes. In galactokinase deficient galactosemia, the enzyme galactokinase is absent. Galactose levels are elevated but the amount present depends on diet and how soon the blood was collected after the ingestion of galactose containing foods. The diagnosis of galactokinase deficient galactosemia is based on the measurement of the enzyme galactokinase in erythrocytes. PMID- 7362196 TI - Fluctuations of nickel concentrations in urine of electroplating workers. AB - Nickel analyses were performed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry upon urine specimens obtained from electroplating workers at the beginning, middle and end of the work-shift. The means (+/- S.D.) for nickel concentrations in urine specimens from seven electroplating workers on three regular workdays were: 34 +/- 32 micrograms/L (pre-shift); 64 +/- 63 micrograms/L (mid-shift) and 46 +/- 32 micrograms/L (end-shift), compared to 2.7 +/- 1.6 micrograms/L (pre shift) in 19 controls (hospital workers). Nickel concentrations in urine specimens from six electroplating workers on the first workday after a two-week vactation averaged: 5 +/- 3 micrograms/L (pre-shift); 9 +/- 6 micrograms/L (mid shift), and 12 +/- 6 micrograms/L (end-shift). Nickel concentrations in personal air samples (seven hours) collected from the breathing zones of five electroplating workers on three regular workdays averaging 9.3 +/- 4.4 micrograms/m3. Nickel concentrations in the air samples were correlated with nickel concentrations in end-shift urine specimens (corr. coef. = 0.70; P less than 0.05), but were not correlated with nickel concentrations in pre-shift or mid-shift urine specimens. In view of the fluctuations of urine nickel concentrations that occur during the work-shift, the authors recommend that nickel analyses of eight hour urine specimens be used routinely to monitor occupational exposures to nickel. In situations where timed urine collections are impractical, analyses of end-shift urine specimens are the best alternative. PMID- 7362197 TI - Hepatocyte mitochondrial alterations in griseofulvin fed mice. AB - Ultrastructural changes in mitochondria from hepatocytes of male Swiss Webster mice were observed during the course of porphyria induced by ingestion of a powdered diet containing 2.5 percent griseofulvin (GF). A variety of sporadic mitochondrial alterations were noted between three days and 22 weeks. Mitochondria appeared intact in hepatocytes from control mice fed powdered diet alone. The abundance and prominence of altered mitochondria increased after seven weeks and was particularly apparent after 15 weeks, concurrent with pronounced hepatomegaly and Mallory body (MB) formation. One or more changes observed in some mitochondria of several hepatocytes included: swelling, associated myelin bodies, increased matrix density, disoriented cristae, intracristal swelling, bizarre shapes, paracrystalline inclusions and elongated or spherulated giant forms. Many mitochondria showed intimate association with rough surface endoplasmic reticulum (RER) adjacent to smooth surface endoplasmic reticulum (SER). GF-induced mitochondrial defects appear to represent nonspecific morphologic alterations similar to many reported in human hepatocytes in alcoholic liver disease, porphyria and various other toxic and metabolic liver diseases. They may reflect another common site of metabolic insult between two such diverse processes as GF-induced mouse porphyria and human alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 7362198 TI - Effects of intrarenal injection of nickel subsulfide in rodents. AB - After intrarenal (i.r.1 administration of 5 mg of nickel subsulfide (alpha Ni3S2) to Fischer rats, blood hematocrit became increased within one week and reached 76 +/- 1 percent at eight weeks (p less than 0.001 versus mean hematocrit of 46 +/- 1 percent in control rats). The alpha Ni3S2-induced erythrocytosis was attended by intense stimulation of erythropoiesis, with reticulocytosis, increased 59Fe uptake into erythrocytes and erythroid hyperplasia in bone marrow and spleen. The half-life of 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes from alpha Ni3S2-treated rats was prolonged, consistent with increased proportion of circulating juvenile erythrocytes. Histological examination of rat kidneys after i.r. injection of alpha Ni3S2 showed mild inflmmation at one and two weeks. Dense black particles of alpha Ni3S2 were visible in histological sections of rat kidneys for eight weeks. 5'-Nucleotidase activity in rat kidney microsomes was inhibited at one to seven days after i.r. injection of alpha Ni3S2. Erythrocytosis did not occur in rats after (a) i.r. implantation of semi-permeable cellulose tubules containing alpha Ni3S2, (b) repeated i.m. injections of alpha Ni3S2, or (c) intrahepatic injection of alpha Ni3S2 after partial hepatectomy. Erythrocytosis did not occur in male BALB/c mice or ground squirrels after i.r. injection of alpha Ni3S2. PMID- 7362199 TI - Radioimmunoassay for intact and carboxyl-terminal parathyroid hormone: clinical interpretation and diagnostic significance. AB - The phenomenal growth in our knowledge of parathyroid hormone (PTH) physiology, chemistry and radioimmunoassay in the past 15 years has produced a significant increase in the use of the assay in the clinical laboratory evaluation of patients with disorders of calcium homeostasis. Recent experience with assays that have specificities for different regions of the amino acid sequence of the hormone and that can thus measure different portions of the total immunoreactivity in blood suggests that there may be different clinical applications for such assays. This report describes two different radioimmunoassay procedures and the clinical experience with each and suggests how each assay may be utilized in clinical evaluation of possible parathyroid dysfunction. The assay for carboxyl-terminal PTH is more useful in the differential diagnosis of the possible causes of hypercalcemia, the intact PTH assay is preferred in selective venous catheterization for preoperative localization of hyperfunctioning tissues, and both assays have usefulness in the evaluation of patients with hypocalcemia. In chronic renal failure, the considerations are more complex. In many patients, the intact PTH assay is preferred for monitoring the clinical course; however, in other patients the carboxyl-terminal PTH assay has been more useful. The best assay for each patient must be determined by initial evaluation with both assays. PMID- 7362200 TI - A G-band study of chromosomes in liveborn infants. AB - The results of a chromosome survey of 3993 liveborn infants, the majority of which have been studied using G-banding, are reported. The frequency of all types of chromosome abnormalities detected was similar to that found in previous newborn surveys, which were carried out on different socio-economic structure, but the incidence of aneuploid chromosome abnormalities was comparable in the two localities. PMID- 7362201 TI - Simplified formulas for detecting linkage with a quantitative character. AB - A simplified form of Smith's test for linkage between a mendelian and a quantitative character is described. Numerical examples are given of its application to the Kell blood group and sole dermatoglyphics. PMID- 7362203 TI - Estimating genetic correlations. AB - A method is proposed for simultaneous estimation of genetical variance and covariance components for quantitative characters and hence correlations and cross-correlations between relatives. It proceeds by successive approximations, which are not difficult to compute. Judging by examples, they appear to converge rapidly in practice. When distributions are normal and homoscedastic, the method gives the maximum-likelihood estimates and their error variances and covariances. It can be readily modified to take into account assumptions such as that means and variances are equal in fathers and sons. But the amount of calculations required goes up very rapidly with the number of characters and relatives considered stimultaneously. PMID- 7362202 TI - Inbreeding in a Brazilian general hospital. AB - A group of 925 adult in-patients of a Brazilian general hospital was matched by race (subdivided in five groups) and age with a group of 925 of their visitors, who were taken as controls. Illiteracy increases from Whites to Blacks and is significantly more prevalent among the patients than among their respective controls. Inbreeding, on the contrary, increases from Blacks to Whites. White patients showed a significantly higher rate of inbreeding than their corresponding controls. The difference is also significant for the fraction Whites plus Light Mulattoes, but not for the other race subgroups. As regards the total, the significance is present only in a one-tailed distribution. It is concluded that the inbreeding load (if any) acting on the total of the patients is negligible; it seems significantly different from 0 only among Whites. No inbreeding effect could be verified, however, on any particular condition among the Whites. Estimates of the number of morbid equivalents per gamete (morbons) revealed values which are both significantly (among Whites and Whites plus Light Mulattoes) and non-significantly (among the other racial subgroups) different from zero. These estimates reflect the situation in the sample which has been artificially organized to contain 50% of patients. PMID- 7362204 TI - An easy method of calculating approximate recurrence risks using a multifactorial model of disease transmission. AB - In the usual form of the multifactorial model of disease transmission, calculation of recurrence risks is made difficult by the necessity to evaluate integrals involving the Normal distribution. It is suggested here that this becomes much easier if the Normal distribution is replaced by the Pareto distribution. Tables are given systematically comparing values of recurrence risk calculated on the Normal and Pareto models when information about two or three first degree relatives is available. Also, a more complicated pedigree is examined. It is shown from these comparisons that the Pareto model gives very similar results to the Normal model. PMID- 7362205 TI - The effect of association of genetic factors on relative risk. AB - We have examined the numerical properties of relative risk (RR) estimates under the conditions of gene frequency and genetic association (delta) that generally obtain for the different HLA loci. It is found that significant RR may be created solely by the existence of positive delta between the disease susceptibility gene and a specific allele at the marker (e.g. HLA) locus. It is shown further, that the value of RR is strongly affected by the gene frequencies and not only by the corresponding delta. If positive delta exists between one disease susceptibility gene and two HLA haplotypes, the RR estimates will usually be highest for the corresponding heterozygote, intermediate for the two homozygotes and lowest for the other carrier phenotypes. This model was found to be perfectly compatible with the situation encountered in the case of juvenile diabetes mellitus and shows that 'overdominance' is not required to account for the excessive RR found in some populations for certain HLA heterozygous classes. PMID- 7362206 TI - Central core disease and malignant hyperthermia syndrome. AB - In a detailed investigation of a family with musculoskeletal abnormalities observed in four generations, the proband and his mother were found to have central cores and multicores on histochemical and electron microscopic studies of biopsied muscle. A male sibling experienced a malignant hyperthermic reaction during hand surgery, and although similar reactions had not been observed in other family members, unexplained ventricular dysrhythmias did occur in the proband during surgery. The proband and his mother were subsequently shown to be susceptible to malignant hyperthermia by abnormal in vitro muscle contractures in the presence of halothane or caffeine. Physicians and dentists caring for patients with central core disease should be aware of its possible association with malignant hyperthermia. Complete evaluation of patients with central core disease should include in vitro muscle contracture studies for malignant hyperthermia since many of patients require surgery for musculoskeletal defects. PMID- 7362207 TI - Cerebellar degeneration due to chronic phenytoin therapy. AB - Five patients developed cerebellar degeneration while being treated with phenytoin. All had high plasma levels of the drug, and none was having seizures of a type that could have caused systemic hypoxia at the time the cerebellar syndrome appeared. Cerebellar degeneration was confirmed by the finding of atrophy on CT scan and by persistence of cerebellar signs when plasma phenytoin levels were decreased. We suggest that chronic phenytoin therapy can cause cerebellar degeneration. The question of whether phenytoin or the cumulative effect of hypoxia from repeated convulsions causes cerebellar degeneration should not be posed as one of exclusive alternatives, since hypoxia is a well-known cause of cerebellar atrophy. Instead, the question should be whether or not phenytoin can also be responsible. The cases reported here suggest that it can. PMID- 7362209 TI - Extramedullary hematopoiesis and spinal cord compression complicating polycythemia rubra vera. AB - A 68-year-old man with polycythemia rubra vera developed gradually progressive paraparesis followed by an acute, painless paraplegia. Extradural thoracic spinal cord compression was found to be secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis (EH). The neurological complications of EH are reviewed. PMID- 7362208 TI - Multisystem triglyceride storage disorder with impaired long-chain fatty acid oxidation. AB - A five-year-old girl presented with congenital ichthyosis, hepatosplenomegaly, vacuolized granulocytes (Jordans' anomaly), and myopathy. Pathological, ultrastructural, and biochemical studies revealed nonlysosomal, multisystemic triglyceride storage. The cultured fibroblasts had increased uptake but decreased oxidation of labeled oleate. The patient failed to produce ketone bodies on fasting. A medium-chain triglyceride diet reversed the hepatomegaly. These studies are all consistent with a partial defect in the catabolism of long-chain fatty acids. This newly identified syndrome is presumably transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. PMID- 7362210 TI - Undecussated innervation to the sternocleidomastoid muscle: a reinstatement. AB - Clinical evidence is presented to support the contention that the sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated primarily by undecussated fibers from the ipsilateral hemisphere. Stroke patients often show contralateral hemiparesis accompanied by weakness in head turning to the side of the paresis. PMID- 7362211 TI - L-Dopa in children with progressive neurological disorders. PMID- 7362212 TI - Resolution of classic migraine after removal of an occipital lobe AVM. PMID- 7362213 TI - Social and community interventions. PMID- 7362214 TI - Event perception. PMID- 7362215 TI - Spatial vision. PMID- 7362216 TI - Biological psychopathology. PMID- 7362217 TI - Life-span developmental psychology. PMID- 7362218 TI - [Effect of supplementary carbohydrate and nitrogen sources on metabolite concentration in the mycelium of Penicillium nigricans Thom]. AB - The effect of additional sources of carbon (glucose) and nitrogen (NaNO3) on the dynamics of the levels of glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P), phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and pyruvate in the mycelium of the productive strain of P. nigricans synthesizing griseofulvin was studied. It was found that the PEP level was characterized by stability, while the levels of G-6-P and pyruvate depended on the mycelium age at the time of the source addition, the addition type, i.e. addition of a source alone or a mixture of sources and the way of addition (single or divided). PMID- 7362219 TI - [Integrative suppression of antibiotic formation in Bacillus pumilus]. AB - Relationship between antibiotic production and pPL 7065 plasmid integration into the chromosome of B. pumilus ATCC 7065-K was studied. With this purpose hybridization of plasmid DNA isolated from strain ATCC 7065 producing no antibiotic was performed with chromosome DNA of B. pumilus ATCC 7065 and W20, as well as B. subtilis and E. coli K-12. Plasmid DNA labeled with 3H was used in the experiments. It was found to be slightly bound with DNA of B. subtilis (0.8 per cent), E. coli K-12 (0.2 per cent), and B. pumilus W20 (3 per cent). Still, its hybridization with chromosome DNA of B. pumilus ATCC 7065-K was effective (11 per cent). It is concluded to be due to hybridization between plasmid pPL 7065 of strain ATCC 7065 and the same plasmid but integrated into the chromosome of the antibiotic-producing strain ATCC 7065-K. Therefore, derepression of the antibiotic biosynthesis is a sequence of integrative suppression. PMID- 7362220 TI - [Instability of natural, multiple drug resistance in actinomycetes]. AB - Resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, penicillin, polymyxin, erythromycin, lincomycin and ristomycin in a number of strains of Str. coelicolor A3 (2) was studied. It was found that their resistance to the above antibiotics was not associated with plasmids SCP1 and SCP2. The frequency of spontaneous variants sensitive to one and several antibiotics amounted in Str. coelicolor to 0.1--0.3 per cent. Ethidium bromide had no significant effect on the frequency of the sensitive variants. However, after growth of the culture at 37 degrees C the number of the variants sensitive to tetracycline and polymyxin significantly increased. The sensitive variants of Str. coelicolor A3 (2) formed resistant revertants at various frequencies (10(-2)--10(-6)). The frequency of variants of Str. rimosus 183 simultaneously sensitive to kanamycin, monomycin, neomycin and chloramphenicol was high. They also reverted to the resistant ones with a frequency of about 10(-3). The results of the study are indicative of the genetic instability of the antibiotic natural resistance in some actinomycetous strains. Such instability is probably not connected with the plasmid elimination. PMID- 7362221 TI - [Fluorometric extraction determination of olivomycin]. AB - An extraction fluorometric method for determination of olivomycin in biological materials was developed as a result of the study on the antibiotic complex formation with the gallium ions in aqueous solutions. The method is based on measurement of the fluorescence of a benzene extract of chlorgallate ionic associate with rodamine-6Zh. PMID- 7362222 TI - [Properties of tetracycline hydrochloride tablets and their bioavailability]. AB - The properties of tetracycline hydrochloride tablets from various manufacturers were studied. Differences depending on the character of the coating were found: the film-coated tablets differed from dragee by a shorter period of the antibiotic transfer to solution, better disintegration, lower content of anhydroderivatives and higher stability. Correlation between the rate of tetracycline transfer to solution in vitro and the antibiotic absorption into blood on the oral use of the tablets was shown. PMID- 7362223 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of plasmonegative and plasmopositive staphylococci isolated from patients in 1970-1977]. AB - The dynamics of sensitivity to benzylpenicillin, streptomycin, levomycetin, tetracycline, erythromycin and monomycin of 2529 plasmopositive and 1336 plasmonegative staphylococci isolated in 1970--1977 from patients with various purulent inflammatory diseases was analyzed. The objects of the study were pus from closed foci (abscesses, phlegmons, furuncles), wound contents, sputum, urine, blood, bile and abdominal exudate. The plating was usually performed with a purpose of diagnosis within the first hours of the patient admission to the hospital or during the treatment course. The antibiotic sensitivity of the microbes was determined with the method of standard paper discs. During the period of observation it was found that the percentage of strains sensitive to benzylpenicillin was always higher in plasmonegative staphylococci (P less than 0.001). This value ranged within 30.7--45.0 per cent in plasmopositive cultures and 41.2--70.4 per cent in plasmonegative cultures. The frequency of streptomycin sensitive cultures among plasmopositive and plasmonegative staphylococci was the same, i.e. within 34.6--59.5 per cent. The specific weight of the strains sensitive to levomycetin decreased from 50.6 to 26.6 per cent in plasmopositive cultures and from 60.0 to 27.0 per cent in plasmonegative cultures. The respective figures for erythromycin were from 77.6 to 46.7 and from 68.2 to 37.6 per cent. PMID- 7362224 TI - [Search for antimicrobial agents and their various combinations that are effective in relation to the main microfloral representatives in the burn wound]. AB - Activity of 10 antibiotics, 6 surface active substances, 1 antioxidant and boric acid against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Pr. vulgaris and Staph. aureus most frequently vegetating in burn wounds was studied. It was found that gentamicin had the highest antibacterial effect on the above organisms. Polymyxin M had a pronounced antimicrobial action on P. aeruginosa and E. coli. A significant antibacterial effect with respect to Staph. aureus, E. coli and Pr. vulgaris was observed with the use of the drugs of the nitrofuran line, i.e. salaful, furagin and furacillin. These drugs were not active against P. aeruginosa. A high antimicrobial effect with respect to all of the test-microbed used was recorded with methacyl, a surface active substance. To show the synergistic effect on the microbes most frequently vegetating in burn wounds, the antibacterial action of the drug combinations was studied. The synergistic effect (16 to 100 times) was observed with the use of polymyxin M combination with mafenide, carbenicillin with gentamicin, methacide with fenozan. The microorganisms tested were resistant to boric acid. On the basis of the study the most effective drugs and their combinations were chosen for their addition to the algipores (polymer coatings) used in treatment of burns infected with the above microbes. PMID- 7362225 TI - [Placental permeability for rifampicin]. AB - Albino rats were exposed to rifampicin inhalations for a prolonged period of time (during gravidity). It was found that the antibiotic penetrated through the placental barrier and its levels in the fetus were proportional to its content in the air inhaled. At later gravidity periods rafampicin absorption in albino rats increased and in parallel its levels in the ovum also increased. The exposure of albino rats to rifampicin inhalations during the whole period of their gravidity in concentrations lower than the Limac (the limit of the acute effect with respect to the general toxic parameters) did not affect the structure of the placenta and its permeability by the antibiotic. PMID- 7362226 TI - [Pharmacokinetic basis of the nephrotoxic action of sisomycin. The pharmacokinetics of sisomycin in single and multiple administrations to rats]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of sisomicin was studied on Wistar rats. The antibiotic was used in single or repeated doses of 12.5 and 25 mg/kg. The kinetic data of the antibiotic titration in blood serum within 1 and 24 hours of intramuscular administration of the drug were formalized with the use of a linear two compartment model. The average values of the elimination constant and the constants of sisomycin transfer from the central compartment into the peripheral one were 0.64, 0.34 and 0.13 hours-1 respectively. The value of the apparent distribution volume in the central compartment was 0.38 ml/kg and that of the stationary and kinetic distribution volumes was 1.37 and 3.06 1/kg respectively. The value of the general clearance was 0.24 1/(kg.hour) and that of the sisomicin half-life was 8.7 hours. Comparison of the antibiotic levels estimated with a model and actually measured in the blood after repeated administrations revealed the drug cumulation. When the antibiotic was used in a dose of 25 mg/kg daily, its cumulation was observed earlier (by the 5th--8th day) than on its use in a dose of 12.5 mg/kg (by the 30th day). Irrespective of the dose, sisomicin cumulation was accompanied by prolongation of the antibiotic half-life in the rats. PMID- 7362227 TI - [Use of gentamycin and furosemide in acute pyelonephritis (an experimental morphological study)]. AB - The favourable effect of gentamicin and its combination with furosemid was shown in treatment of rats with experimental pyelonephritis. However, alongside the favourable effect, a danger of the gentamicin nephrotoxic effect, especially in combination with furosemid was noted. The nephrotoxic effect was evident from foci of distrophic and necrobiotic changes in the epithelium of the convoluted tubules, impairment of the cortical hemodynamics and development of the cortical hypoxia of the kidneys resulting in severe renal insufficiency. Gentamicin had no direct inhibitory effect on the tissue respiration, did not block the oxygen uptake and oxidative phosphorilation in isolated mitochondria. To prevent the development of the nephrotoxic effect of gentamicin and its combination with furosemid strict and effective control of the antibiotic plasma levels is necessary. Informative tests for the control of the renal function are the concentration parameters of creatinine and urea, especially at the beginning of the pathological state when the level of hyperazotemia is still of a low informative value. The diurnal urine excretion is not an important informative index of renal function. PMID- 7362228 TI - [Isolation and characteristics of the messenger RNA of an interferon repressor]. AB - The methods of induction, isolation and testing of the functional activity of the informative RNA of the interferon production repressor were developed. The repressor informative RNA was found in the cells an hour after the repeated induction of interferon. The minimal time of its translation, i.e. 25--30 minutes was determined. It was shown that the iRNA of the repressor was heterogenous and its major peaks had the sedimentation constants of 10S, 22S and 32S. Poly(A) containing RNA of the repressor was isolated from the summation compound. It had a high specific activity. PMID- 7362230 TI - [Effect of comprehensive therapy using antibiotics and sulfanilamide and stimulant preparations on natural body resistance in acute dysentery]. AB - A total of 489 patients at the age of 18 to 74 with acute dysentery of medium severity without concomitant diseases were observed. The patients were subjected to combined therapy with the use of antibiotics, sulfanilamides and stimulants. The state of the patients' natural resistance was determined by the dynamics and levels of the bactericidal activity of lysozyme, blood serum complement as well as lysozyme and beta-lysine coprofiltrates. It was found that the use of tetracycline, furazolidone combinations with sulfanilamides and leukopoiesis stimulating drugs had a favourable effect on the dynamics of the host natural resistance reduction. The reduction of the natural resistance in the patients treated with levomycetin in combination with sulfanilamides and stimulants was much slower than the clinical recovery. PMID- 7362229 TI - [Kanamycin sulfate pharmacokinetics in the lymph and blood in complicated acute inflammatory diseases of the abdominal cavity organs]. AB - Pharmacokinetics of kanamycin sulfate in the lymph, blood and urine of 12 patients with acute inflammatory diseases of the organs of the abdominal cavity was studied. The study showed that kanamycin sulfate administered intramuscularly was rapidly absorbed into the lymph and blood reaching the maximum levels within 2 hours of the administration. The therapeutic levels were preserved for at least 8 hours. The concentration of kanamycin in pure lymph by the method of lymphosorption was 20 per cent lower which was connected with the drug adsorption by the sorbents. PMID- 7362231 TI - Distribution of lipids associated with mineralization in the bovine epiphyseal growth plate. PMID- 7362232 TI - Intracellular turnover of stable and labile soluble liver proteins. PMID- 7362233 TI - Metabolism of all-trans-retinoic acid in hamster liver microsomes: oxidation of 4 hydroxy- to 4-keto-retinoic acid. PMID- 7362234 TI - Rates of degradation of glycoproteins for normal and regenerating rat livers: a study using double isotopes. PMID- 7362236 TI - 2-Carboxy-D-hexitol 1,6-bisophosphate: an inhibitor of D-ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carbosylase/oxygenase. PMID- 7362237 TI - Circular dichroism studies on effects of organic solvents on conformation and inhibitory capacity of soybean trypsin inhibitor. PMID- 7362235 TI - Structure of an unusual complex-type oligosaccharide isolated from Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 7362239 TI - Purification and properties of Paracoccus denitrificans Azurin. PMID- 7362240 TI - 24,24-difluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: in vitro production, isolation, and biological activity. PMID- 7362238 TI - Microsomal metabolism of hydroxyl radical scavenging agents: relationship to the microsomal oxidation of alcohols. PMID- 7362243 TI - Thermal stabilities of membrane-bound, solubilized, and artificially immobilized hydrogenase from Chromatium vinosum. PMID- 7362241 TI - Soluble precursor of membrane-associated protein kinase in uterine smooth muscle cells. PMID- 7362244 TI - Glutamate dehydrogenase of lupin nodules: kinetics of the deamination reaction. PMID- 7362245 TI - Glutamate dehydrogenase of lupin nodules: kinetics of the amination reaction. PMID- 7362246 TI - NADPH-driven lipid peroxidation in rat liver nuclei and nuclear membranes. PMID- 7362242 TI - Enzymic hydration of benzene oxide: assay and properties. PMID- 7362247 TI - Hydrodynamic shearing by VirTis blending conserves nucleosome structure of rat liver chromatin. PMID- 7362249 TI - gamma-Aminobutyrate:alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase from Pseudomonas sp. F 126: purification, crystallization, and enzymologic properties. PMID- 7362248 TI - Transport of methotrexate in L1210 cells: effect of ions on the rate and extent of uptake. PMID- 7362250 TI - Regulation of prephenate dehydratase in Coryneform species of bacteria by L phenylalanine and by remote effectors. PMID- 7362251 TI - Terbium binding to troponin C: binding stoichiometry and structural changes induced in the protein. PMID- 7362252 TI - Heterogeneity of 125I-labeled tetanus toxin in isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7362253 TI - Study of the neurotoxic complex and its components from the venom of the Bulgarian sand viper Vipera ammodytes ammodytes: Interaction of the acidic component with cations. PMID- 7362254 TI - Model studies of the alpha-peroxidase system: formation of an electronically excited product. PMID- 7362255 TI - The effect of light on four protochlorophyllide-binding polypeptides of barley (Hordeum vulgare). PMID- 7362256 TI - Alterations in plasma membrane proteins associated with the proteolytic activation of adenylate cyclase. PMID- 7362257 TI - Relaxation times and size distribution readjustments in micellar kinetics. PMID- 7362258 TI - Fructose bisphosphate aldolase from rabbit muscle. A new, acid-labile intermediate of the aldolase reaction and the partition of the enzyme among the catalytic intermediates at equilibrium. PMID- 7362259 TI - Effect of temperature on the stability and activity of crystalline ox liver nuclear and mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenases. PMID- 7362260 TI - Kinetic parameters for the activation of alpha- and beta-trypsins by the methyl ester of tosyl-L-arginine (Tos-L-Arg-OMe). PMID- 7362261 TI - Temperature dependence of the absolute fluorescence yields of chloroplast fragments. PMID- 7362262 TI - Substrate specificity in vivo and in vitro in the formation of stilbenes. Biosynthesis of rhaponticin. PMID- 7362263 TI - Acyl CoA:cholesterol acyl transferase activity in human placental microsomes: inhibition by progesterone. PMID- 7362264 TI - Correlation of proton release and ultraviolet difference spectra associated with metal binding by transferrin. PMID- 7362265 TI - Purification of thymidine kinase by affinity chromatography with an enzyme inhibitor as the ligand. PMID- 7362266 TI - The incorporation and localization of aldehydes (highly reactive cigarette smoke components) into cellular fractions of cultured human lung cells. AB - WI 38 human fetal lung fibroblasts were incubated with tracer amounts of 14C labeled formaldehyde and acetaldehyde which are highly reactive components of cigarette smoke. A pulse of 10 min with formaldehyde followed by a 60-min and 24 hr chase showed migration of 14C label into the nucleus. Fractionation of the nucleus revealed that the RNA fraction had the highest absolute and specific activity while the DNA and protein fractions contained considerably lower activities. All of the counts from formaldehyde were found in the adenine and guanine components of RNA. The DNA counts were distributed among adenine, guanine, and thymine. Incubation with 14C acetaldehyde showed a majority of the counts localized in the membrane plus nuclear lipid fraction. A small proportion of counts was found in the protein portion of the cells. PMID- 7362268 TI - Distribution of trace elements in the human body determined by neutron activation analysis. AB - Neutron activation analysis and instrumental semiconductor gamma-ray spectrometry were used for analysis of 20 trace elements in 10 autopsied human organs and tissues (liver, kidney, cerebrum, cerebellum, heart, muscle, pancreas, spleen, lung, and aorta) from 63 Japanese persons, whose ages ranged from 15 days to 85 yr. Distributions of aluminum, bromine, magnesium, manganese, rubidium, selenium, and vanadium in human body were almost uniform. High concentrations of cadmium were found in kidney and liver samples. There was a high mercury concentration in the liver, kidney, and brain samples. Concentrations of other elements (arsenic, gold, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, indium, antimony, selenium, titanium, and zinc) in each organ or tissue are also presented in this paper. PMID- 7362267 TI - Levels and temporal trends of trace element concentrations in vertebral bone. AB - An X-ray fluorescence analysis study of iron, zinc, rubidium, strontium, and lead in ashed vertebral column whole bone samples of 51 sudden death victims in Western Australia gave median values of 893, 213, 25, 108, and 25 ppm, respectively. Highly significant concentration-age Spearman correlations were observed for iron-age (rs = 0.45, P less than .004), Zn-age (0.43, P less than .006), and lead-age (0.63, P less than .001), the mean per annum rates of increase being 26, 0.4, and 0.8 ppm, respectively, and marked concentration concentration correlations were found for iron-lead (0.44, P less than .003) and strontium (0.30, P less than .06). The median zinc concentrations for the male and female subsets are 216 and 205 ppm, respectively; the corresponding values for strontium are 100 and 120 ppm. PMID- 7362269 TI - Factors influencing household water lead: a British national survey. AB - From a survey of 2,831 households in Great Britain, a quantitive assessment was made of the combined influence of lead piping, acidity of water supply, and other factors on houselhold water lead levels. Estimates are provided of the effects that remedial measures would have on blood lead levels in the population. PMID- 7362270 TI - Occupational exposure and cancer of the liver. AB - The relation between occupational exposure and cancer of the liver was investigated. Excess risk was determined for men working in the nonelectrical machinery and primary metal industries. PMID- 7362271 TI - Age-specific risk factors for lead absorption in children. AB - The relationship of blood lead levels to environmental and individual characteristics is analyzed in a large sample of children residing near a lead smelting complex, with particular emphasis on the identification of age-related risk factors. Exceptional variation in both blood leads and its determinants within the study region facilitated the simultaneous detection of several significant risk factors for each year of age from 1 to 9 yr. The strongest predictor of blood lead at all ages was air lead, but the secondary risk factors were age dependent. Household dustiness was significantly related to blood lead in young children, especially those under 2 yr of age; soil lead may be an important source of ingested lead for children between 2 and 7 yr. Other significant effects included that of pica at about 2 yr of age, a slight effect of the occupational category of the fathers of 5- to 8-yr-old children, and a tendency for 8- and 9-yr-old boys to have higher blood leads than girls of the same age. Lead concentration in household paint was not a significant risk factor. These results suggest that a multifactorial approach to the prevention of excessive lead absorption by children is required. PMID- 7362272 TI - Neurobehavioral deficits in children with elevated body burdens of lead. PMID- 7362273 TI - Ammonia inhalation toxicity in cats: a study of acute and chronic respiratory dysfunction. AB - Twenty healthy conditioned cats were pulmonary-function tested and then exposed to 1000 ppm of ammonia gas for a 10-min period. Pulmonary function tests were repeated and lung samples for pathologic evaluation were taken on days 1, 7, 21, and 35 post-exposure. Two cats were housed with the experimental cats as untreated controls. Pulmonary function data were analyzed, statistically evaluated, and compared with the pathological observations. There was good correlation between the alterations in pulmonary function observed and the pathologic lesions found. According to our findings, and those of other investigators, the pulmonary dysfunction which results from ammonia gas inhalation is biphasic in nature. The acute effects of the initial insult, which can be fatal, are almost always followed by secondary effects which can result in debilitating, chronic respiratory dysfunction. This study has characterized an animal model which could provide techniques for preventing or modifying the course of the secondary damage of ammonia gas inhalation. PMID- 7362276 TI - Cardiotocographic scores compared with acid-base status, apgar scores and umbilical blood gas levels. PMID- 7362275 TI - The detection of ovulation with a two-hour radioimmunoassay for human plasma luteinizing hormone using the centria analyzer. AB - We describe a rapid (2-h) radioimmunoassay for human plasma luteinizing hormone which utilizes the reagents from a commercially available kit. Standardization of the assay was achieved using plasma standards instead of a buffer system and the Centria radioimmunoassay centrifugal analyzer which allowed simultaneous initiation and termination of reactions in all assay tubes. The specifity, precision, and accuracy of the assay were equal to or better than the conventional 24-h assay. Since this assay is designed to derect the mid-cycle surge of luteinizing hormone, its decreased sensitivity was small price to pay for the speed with which a result could be obtained. PMID- 7362274 TI - Treatment of premature labor with the calcium antagonist nifedipine. AB - The effect of the calcium antagonist nifedipine on premature labor was investigated in ten carefully selected patients. The main aim of treatment was to inhibit uterine activity and delivery for 3 days during which time fetal lung maturation was accelerated by glucocorticoid treatment. In all 10 patients, uterine activity was abolished during the 3 days of treatment and delivery was also postponed. No serious maternal side effects were observed. All children were delivered in good condition. All survived and were alive and well at 1 year. PMID- 7362277 TI - Gonadotroph cell adenoma of the pituitary in a women with long-standing hypogonadism. AB - A 57-year-old woman, with long-standing hypogonadism secondary to irradiation of the ovaries, was found to have a pituitary tumor which was removed and investigated by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy. Histologically, the tumor corresponded to a chromophobe, slightly PAS positive adenoma and the immunoperoxidase stain revealed the presence of both FSH and LH in the cytoplasm of the adenoma cells. The structural features of the adenoma cells resembled those of FSH cells in the nontumorous adenohypophysis. We thus believe that pituitary adenomas consisting of gonadotrophin-producing cells occur and that these may produce both FSH and LH. The relation between the gonadotrophin-producing adenoma and the preceding hypogonadism is uncertain. PMID- 7362278 TI - Maternal and umbilical plasma concentrations of uric acid and oxypurines at delivery in normal and hypertensive pregnancy. AB - Concentrations of uric acid (UA) and oxypurines (OP) were enzymatically determined in arterial and venous cord plasma, and in maternal plasma at delivery in normal (n = 45) and hypertensive (n = 22) pregnant women. Concentrations of UA in all samples were significantly higher in hypertensive than in normal pregnancies. Concentrations of OP in hypertensive pregnancies showed a nonsignificant increase as compared with normal pregnancies. There were no significant differences between concentrations of UA or OP in paired samples of arterial or venous cord plasma and maternal plasma. This finding suggests an easy transfer of UA and OP across the placenta during labor, which is at variance with earlier experimental data obtained in the pregnant rhesus monkey. The hypothesis is put forward, that labor and delivery could influence the facility of placental transfer of UA and OP. PMID- 7362279 TI - [Injuries of the ureter caused by gynecologic surgery. Experience in the treatment of 42 cases]. AB - These operations, in which the risk is essentially ureteral, must be carried out in a urological rather than gynaecological way; the said ureter must be sought after a permanent, ureteral probe has been placed before the operation. We feel that a vaginography is more useful than a retrograde pyelography for diagnosing ureterovaginal fistulae. Another important indication is the need for an intravenous urography to be systematically carried out in the postoperative period of all pelvis operations. Only I.V.U. enables the discovery in time of ureteral lesions which would otherwise remain undiscovered too long. We feel that nephrostomy is an emergency therapy in cases of anuria and septic shock with a urinary focus. It is a safety measure for preventing kidney deterioration in ureter lesions which have remained undiscovered for a long time. In pelvic ureter lesions and providing that there is no vesical retraction, we perform a vesical psoization along with the ureterocystoneostomy (1). When the ureteral lesion is bilateral and the elasticity of the bladder enables us to do so, we perform a ureterocystoneostomy with vesical bipartition and psoization of both vesical wings. In cases of extensive, bilateral ureteral lesions associated with vesical damage such as: vesico-vaginal fistulae and retracted bladder, we perform a ureteroileocystoplasty and vesical stretching. PMID- 7362280 TI - [Urinary bilharziasis in Spain (a case in Leon)]. AB - The authors draw attention to the potential danger of urinary schistosomiasis in Spain, pointing out the nuclei in the country which present snails suitable for being intermediary carriers. They present one case, not autochthonous, observed in Leon and they point out the possible increase in this parasitosis, due to the increase in immigration and tourism, with the possible infesting of the aboriginal snails and the resulting formation of endemic areas in the said nuclei. In view of the precarious Spanish, urological literature on the subject, a study is made of the illness and the parasitic cycle. PMID- 7362281 TI - [Renal cystic involvement in equidae]. AB - Four types of abnormalities has been recorded on a study about cystic diseases of donkey's kidneys, collected at the Madrid Slaughter-house. These four categories are as follows: a) simple isolated renal cysts; b) multiple renal cysts; c) adult polycystic kidneys; and d) focal renal cystic dysplasia and hypoplasia. From a total of 26 cases macroscopically and histopathologically studied, 7 exhibed unilateral and 19 bilateral lesions. Different combinations of the four types above mentioned were found when both kidneys were affected. The evidence of some of the cysts being communicated with normal tubulus or with other cysts, suggests that some of them could represent simple dilatations involving segments of nephrone or collecting system. These findings do not fit with the previous explanation of the no occurrence of communication between the metanephric blastema and the ureteral bud or with the obstructive theory, and suggest the occurrence of various etiopathologic factors as responsible for the three first types of cystic abnormalities above mentioned. PMID- 7362284 TI - Intestinal blood flow at various intraluminal pressures in the piglet with closed abdomen. AB - The influence of intraluminal pressure on intestinal blood flow was studied in two segments of the small intestine and two of large intestine ligated after insertion of intraluminal catheters in ten piglets. Intestinal segments were inflated in stepwise increments in intraluminal pressures of 15, 30, 45 and 60 mmHg and blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres using four isotopes (Ce, Cr, Sr, Sc). Other segments were inflated to a pressure of 60 mmHg and then pressure decreased in a stepwise fashion to 30, then 0 mmHg for the last two injections. Small and large intestinal blood flow fell progressively with increasing intraluminal pressure. At 60 mmHg a forward flow of 25% of normal was still present. Furthermore, not only was there an absolute decrease in blood flow with increasing intraluminal pressure but this decrease was disproportionately large in the intestinal mucosa. A hyperemic response lasting approximately 15 minutes was observed after complete decompression. The intestinal blood flow distal to the ligated segments was always moderately increased as compared to intestinal blood flow proximal to the segments. The results reported herein are at some variance from other reported studies performed with the abdomen open and on isolated segment preparations. The reasons for these variations are discussed. PMID- 7362282 TI - Primary cardiac tumors. AB - Cardiac tumors are a rare, but potentially curably form of heart disease. A high index of clinical suspicion is necessary for diagnosis as these tumors have protean manifestations that mimic a variety of other cardiac and noncardiac diseases. Presently, M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography are utilized as safe, reliable, and noninvasive imaging modalities. Seventy-five per cent of these tumors are benign, with myxoma accounting for 50% and rhabodomyoma comprising 20% of lesions. Various histologic types of sarcoma are the predominant malignant cardiac neoplasms. With strict attention to avoiding perioperative tumor embolization, surgical resection of these lesions can be accomplished with minimal morbidity and mortality. Sixteen consecutive primary tumors of the heart have been surgically treated at Duke University Medical Center since 1966 with no perioperative deaths and no late recurrences. PMID- 7362283 TI - Incidental splenectomy associated with Nissen fundoplication. AB - Despite the relative frequency of iatrogenic splenectomy, its effect on postoperative morbidity and mortality remains controversial. This retrospective study compares the postoperative morbidity and mortality among 72 patients who underwent a Nissen fundoplication for esophageal reflux and 25 patients who had iatrogenic splenectomy and Nissen fundoplication. The age range in both groups was comparable. In the Nissen fundoplication (N.F.) group the average postoperative hospital stay was 9.4 days and in the Nissen fundoplication and splenectomy (N.F. + S.) group postoperative hospital stay was 15 days. In the N.F. group nine patients (12.5%) experienced significant postoperative morbidity in comparison to 36% in the N.F. + S. group (statistically significant p less than 0.1%). In the later group the complications were of a more severe nature. No mortality occurred in the N.F. group and one patient died in the N.F. + S. group. Iatrogenic splenectomy in this patient could well have been a prime factor in precipitating his demise. This retrospective study stongly supports the view that iatrogenic splenectomy in association with Nissen fundoplication adds considerably to postoperative morbidity. PMID- 7362285 TI - Loop illeostomy in the management of Crohn's colitis in the debilitated patient. AB - Loop ileostomy to establish fecal diversion has been used in 79 patients as the initial surgical procedure in severe, debilitating Crohn's colitis or ileocolitis. Clinical improvement, as measured by subjective and objective criteria and length of hospitalization, occurred in 72 of 79 patients (91%). Definitive surgery was then undertaken at a later stage under more ideal circumstances without mortality. The high relapse rate of 33% in this series would lead us to recommend definitive surgery electively at an early stage after initial clinical improvement. Four of the 79 patients in this series died; three deaths were related to Crohn's disease, for a total mortality of 5.1%. It is believed that loop ileostomy to establish fecal diversion has a definite role in the initial surgical management of the severely ill patient with Crohn's colitis. PMID- 7362286 TI - Sexual dysfunction following proctocolectomy and abdominoperineal resection. AB - Sexual dysfunction after rectal excision was studied in 45 male patients who were less than 50 years of age. Of 25 patients having had proctocolectomy, one (4%) was impotent, while three (15%) of 20 patients having had abdominoperineal resection were impotent. Two patients in the abdominoperineal group reported no ejaculation with normal potency and sensation of orgasm. The age of the patient and the extent of dissection seemed to be the two main factors concerned with sexual dysfunction after rectal excision. PMID- 7362288 TI - Clinical correlations in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. AB - This study of 73 patients with the clinical diagnosis of thromboembolism has shown that the pulse rate, respiratory rate, and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide have discriminatory value in identifying the group of acutely ill patients who are most likely to have pulmonary embolism. In contrast, the clinical diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis, PaO2 chest radiography and electrocardiography which are all essential to patient management have no such value. In this series, only 29% of the patients had a pulmonary arteriogram positive for thromboembolism, but the mortality rate in this group was 33%. Pulmonary perfusion scanning has been shown to be a useful and accurate screening investigation and should be routinely employed prior to pulmonary angiography if the patient is stable hemodynamically. PMID- 7362287 TI - One minute oxygen uptake in peripheral ischemic vascular disease. AB - Six males, ages 31-58, with ischemic vascular disease of the lower extremities, underwent treadmill testing with measurement of oxygen uptake at 45-60 seconds of exercise (VO2-45-60) as the test score. Tests were performed at 41, 123 and 164 watts of power against gravity. Depressed values were found in five subjects with aortic, iliac or common femoral disease but normal values in a subject with narrowing of the left superficial femoral artery. Reconstructive surgery resulted in normal values in four subjects retested. In three of these a calculation was made of the increased volume of oxygen uptake during the first minute of exercise associated with postsurgical improvement. The average was 430 ml, a value high enough to suggest increased aerobic metabolism of exercising muscles. PMID- 7362290 TI - Differences in healing of skin wounds caused by burn and freeze injuries. AB - Circular, full-thickness dermal burn- and freeze-produced wounds were produced in rats to compare the difference in healing between the two types of thermal injuries. Contraction did not occur in wounds (n = 30) caused by freezing, while burn wounds (n = 30) contracted to less than one-third of original size by 21 days after injury. If the centers of the freeze-produced wounds (n = 12) were excised, contraction would then occur and proceed at the same rate as an open wound. Histologically, the degree of initial tissue destruction by the two types of injuries was similar. The burn wound contained only half the amount of collagen found in the freeze-produced wound. There was a greater and more rapid replacement of collagen in the burn wounds. With both injuries, the highest concentration of collagen was found on the fifteenth day and returned to normal by the twenty-eighth day. The burn wound contained three times the amount of collagen in normal skin, while the freeze-produced wound contained only 1 3/4 times the amount in normal skin. Contraction does not seem to occur in the healing of the freeze-injured skin because the slow removal and replacement of the residual matrix prevents contraction. PMID- 7362289 TI - Secondary lesions of penetrating cardiac injuries: a frequent complication. AB - Between July 1962 and July 1978, 29 patients )23 male and 6 female) from 17 to 48 years of age were followed from two weeks to 15 years after penetrating cardiac injuries involving right ventricle (12), right atrium (6), left ventricle (8), left atrium (2), and pulmonary conus (1). Thoracotomies were performed on all patients either in the emergency room during resuscitation or in the operating room. Repair of the injuries were carried out. All patients were followed for presence of residual cardiac damage. To our surprise, secondary complications were noted in 15 of the 29 patients as follows: Coronary damage (3), pseudoanuerysm (2), bullet embolus (1), VSD (4), recurrent pericarditis (1), mitral valve injury (2), aorta caval (1), and aorto pulmonary fistula (1). Between July 1962 and July 1974, only symptomatic patients with subjective and objective findings had detailed cardiac evaluations. Eight of 20 patients were found to have secondary cardiac complications. Since July 1974, seven of nine patients underwent a posttraumatic cardiac evaluation. Six of the seven patients were found to have significant cardiac lesions which were unrecognized at the time of initial operation. The incidence of posttraumatic remediable cardiac lesions is probably higher than previously suspected. An aggressive, detailed postoperative evaluation is recommended for all patients with penetrating cardiac injuries. PMID- 7362291 TI - VMA excretion in patients with pheochromocytoma. AB - Studies in 20 patients, and a reanalysis of previously published data demonstrate that there is a significant linear relationship between the rate of urinary excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid and the size of a pheochromocytoma. This relationship is most significantly demonstrated in a small group of patients with bilateral adrenal disease as part of the MEN II syndrome. Since not all pheochromocytomas are accurately localized preoperatively and significant numbers can be bilateral or extra-adrenal, this predictive index of tumor size has useful surgical implications. An obvious discrepancy between a prediction of size and operative findings should alert the surgeon to a more thorough search of the opposite adrenal and, indeed, all extra-adrenal paraganglionic sites for other secreting tumor tissue. PMID- 7362292 TI - Acute cholangitis. AB - The features of cholangitis were analyzed in 99 consecutive cases treated in the last ten years. The disease was severe and refractory in half the cases due to malignant stricture, and in 20% of those due to gallstones. Benign strictures, sclerosing cholangitis, and most cases of choledocholithiasis were associated with less severe cholangitis, which responded promptly to antibiotic therapy. High fever, a serum bilirubin level above 4 mg/dl, and hypotension characterized the most severe refractory cases in which emergency surgery was mandatory. Patients without manifestations were nearly always controlled successfully with antibiotics. We conclude that the term "suppurative cholangitis" is an unsatisfactory synonym for severe cholangitis, because the correlation between biliary suppuration and clinical manifestations in cholangitis is inexact; some patients with severe sepsis do not have pus in the bile duct, and a few patients with suppurative bile are only moderately ill. PMID- 7362293 TI - The incidence and causes of death following surgery for nonmalignant biliary tract disease. AB - In the 46-year period from September 1, 1932 to September 1, 1978, 11,808 patients were operated on for nonmalignant biliary tract disease. In 80.1% of these patients, the disease was considered chronic, and in 19.9%, acute inflammation was superimposed on the existing condition. There were 207 postoperative deaths, a mortality rate of 1.7%. Advanced age, acute cholecystitis and common duct stones were the principal determinants of operative mortality. Cholecystectomy for chronic cholecystitis was performed in 7,413 patients with an operative mortality of 0.5%. Choledochotomy in search of residual or recurrent common duct calculi was performed in 341 patients with a mortality of 2.1%. Detailed analysis of the causes of death in 105 patients who died during the years 1962 through 1978 revealed that cardiovascular disease, especially myocardial infarction, was the most frequent cause of death. Liver disease, most commonly cirrhosis, was also a major factor in operative mortality. PMID- 7362295 TI - Rectal mucosal replacement. AB - Preservation of the rectum in chronic ulcerative colitis or familial polyposis conserves continence at the risk of recurrent disease or malignant change. Replacement of rectal mucosa with a graft of ileum in these benign colonic mucosal diseases conserves fecal continence without the threat of continuing disease or the development of carcinoma. Rectal mucosal replacement with construction of a rectal reservoir includes total colectomy, removal of the rectal mucosa-submucosa and its replacement with an ileal graft. A rectal reservoir is constructed when intestinal continuity is restored. Twenty-nine patients have undergone rectal mucosal replacement; 12 for familial polyposis and 17 for ulcerative colitis. Twenty-five patients have had intestinal continuity restored. Patients have been followed from three months to seven years after the restoration of intestinal continuity. Twenty-three patients have a satisfactory result. Fecal continence has been preserved. Patients pass an average of six stools in a 24 hour period. PMID- 7362294 TI - Antral gastrin cell hyperplasia in patients with peptic ulcer. AB - The total number of gastrin (G) cells in the stomach was determined by using a histologic counting method and planimetry in ulcerous and nonulcerous patients. The preoperative basal and postprandial serum gastrin values and the gastrin cell mass in the gastrectomy specimen could be compared in 16 surgical patients. There was a significant correlation between the integrated gastrin response to feeding and the total gastrin cell number in the stomach. No correlation was found between the basal serum gastrin level and the total gastrin cell count. A total gastrin cell number higher than 50 million was found in the stomach of three duodenal ulcer patients with preoperative postprandial hypergastrinemia as well as in one patient with normal serum gastrin values. Gastrin cell counts between 6 and 42 million were found in control stomachs and in patients with gastric ulcer. Preoperative feeding tests could be useful to select patients with an elevated antral G cell number. PMID- 7362296 TI - Irradiation induced salivary gland neoplasia. AB - Twenty-six patients with a prior history of irradiation for benign conditions of the head and neck and salivary gland abnormalities are reported. All the patients had preoperative physical findings suggestive of tumor, not glandular infection. Forty-six per cent of the patients had one carcinoma and 11% had two carcinomas within the irradiated field. Eight of the 11 malignant tumors in these 26 patients were in the parotid gland. The nonmalignant salivery changes were similar to those previously reported in glands receiving therapeutic irradiation for carcinoma. PMID- 7362297 TI - Tumor growth in experimental animals: nutritional manipulation and chemotherapeutic response in the rat. AB - The effects of nutritional manipulation on host body weight dynamics, tumor growth patterns and host-tumor responses to chemotherapy were studied in Sprague Dawley rats with Walker-256 carcinosarcomas. Group I maintained throughout on a regular diet (RD) gained carcass weight steadily. Group II lost carcass weight while fed a protein-free diet (PFD) but rapidly gained weight after switching to RD on day 15. Mean tumor volume increased 105% in Group I from day 15 to 21, 218% in Group II and 77% in Group III (continued on PFD p less than 0.05). From day 21 to day 33 tumor growth patterns were similar in Groups I and II, while mean tumor volume eventually plateaued in Group III. In Study B, Group II animals were given Methotrexate (MTX-20 mg/kg) two days and six days after switching from PFD to RD. The mean change in tumor volume in the MTX-treated rats was 1.31 +/- 0.1 cm3 compared with 8.14 +/- 0.1 cm3 (p less than 0.001) in the saline-treated control rats. MTX did not significantly affect tumor growth patterns in Group III (PFD) rats. In Study A, protein-calorie malnutrition resulted in host carcass weight loss and tumor growth retardation while nutritional repletion restored host carcass weight and stimulated tumor growth. In Study B, MTX was maximally effective in tumor-bearing rats that were switched from PFD to RD demonstrating that nutritional manipulation can improve host nutritional status and increase tumor response to chemotherapy. PMID- 7362298 TI - Right ventricular dysfunction in acute thermal injury. AB - The elevated cardiac output (CO) and pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) observed in thermal injury offers a unique opportunity to study the effects of a combined pressure-flow load on the right ventricle in previously healthy persons. Potential responses include a diminished right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), increased right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI), and augmented myocardial oxygen consumption because of increased systolic wall tension. We investigated these factors in 15 nonhypoxic patients without sepsis having 15--75% body surface area burns using flow directed catheters and the thermodilution technique. All patients increased their CO in response in fluid resuscitation, but six patients with an elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure (greater than 20 mmHG and increased pulmonary vascular resistance (greater than 1.2 mmHg/min/L) had right ventricular dysfunction as evidenced by an increase (188 +/- 15 ml/M2) in RVEDVI and a decreased (0.26 +/- 4 ml/M2) RVEF. Patients without PAH had a smaller RVEDVI (115 +/- 4 ML/M2) and larger RVEF (0.39 +/- 0.02). Patients with PAH and RV dysfunction were older, had larger body surface area burns, lower systemic diastolic artery pressures (63 +/- 4 mmHg) and higher heart rates (114 +/- 7 beats/min); RV end-diastolic pressures were minimally elevated (9.5 +/- 1.4 mmHg). The decrease in RVEF and increase in RVEDVI may limit the hemodynamic response to fluid volume replacement and survival. PMID- 7362299 TI - Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, pulmonary artery aneurysm, and other vascular changes of the lung from penetrating trauma. AB - Pulmonary arteriography was performed in 22 patients with penetrating injury of the lung(s) within the first 72 post-injury hours and no vascular lesion directly attributable to the injury was found. Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula or pulmonary artery aneurysm secondary to penetrating pulmonary injury, are extremely rare lesions, but they should be suspected in a patient with penetrating wound of the chest with signs and symptoms of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula or with chronic residual well circumscribed density on chest roentgenogram. The treatment of these lesions should be excision of the lesion with preservation of the lung, whenever possible, or resection of the involved lobe. PMID- 7362300 TI - Blunt carotid artery trauma: report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Blunt carotid artery trauma is uncommon but has been associated with severe, permanent neurologic deficits in 42% and mortality in 30% of 96 patients previously reported in the English literature. Since neurologic symptoms characteristically develop only after a latent interval and since physical evidence of significant cervical trauma often is absent, diagnosis of nonpenetrating carotid injuries with the use of arteriography usually is delayed until the appearance of obvious, frequently irreversible neurologic complications. Carotid injuries should be suspected in patients who develop monoplegia or hemiplegia following blunt craniocervical trauma, particularly if computerized tomography excludes the presence of intracranial hemorrhage. The cumulative results of a collected series of 96 patients suggest that early surgical correction of blunt carotid injuries is appropriate for patients with transient episodes of cerebral ischemia, strokes in evolution, or mild completed neurologic deficits. PMID- 7362301 TI - Diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis: comparison of oculoplethysmography and Doppler supraorbital examination. AB - Both Doppler supraorbital examination (OSM) and oculoplethysmography (OPG) were administered to 101 patients (202 arteries) to document the presence or absence of hemodynamically significant lesions of the internal carotid artery prior to angiography. There was no significant difference between the OSM and OPG with respect to diagnostic sensitivity or specificity, incidence of false-negative or false-positive results, and overall diagnostic accuracy. The diagnostic accuracy for the OSM and the OPG were 94.2% and 91.6%, respectively. In 171/202 (84.6%) arteries, the OSM and OPG were in diagnostic agreement, and the overall diagnostic accuracy of the combined tests was 97%. However, when the OSM and OPG did not agree (31/202 arteries, 15.4%), the diagnostic accuracy of neither the OSM nor the OPG was acceptable. Although the best diagnostic accuracy was obtained using two means of noninvasive cerebrovascular testing, in those instances where only one test may be available, the OPG would appear to be the test of choice. In those laboratories in which high diagnostic accuracy is obtained with the OSM, the addition of OPG testing will increase the overall diagnostic accuracy to a very high level. The presence of a midcervical bruit was found to have a very poor correlation with the incidence of hemodynamically significant stenoses of the internal carotid artery. Although both the OSM and OPG have minimal value in patients with symptomatic cerebrovascular disease, these tests play a very important role in screening patients for asymptomatic carotid stenosis or atypical cerebrovascular symptoms. PMID- 7362302 TI - Thirty-year experience with surgical interruption of the inferior vena cava for prevention of pulmonary embolism. AB - Case records of 237 patients treated by inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation (154), suture plication (27) or clip application (56) were reviewed. Indications for surgery included failure of anticoagulation or femoral vein ligation to control embolism and threat of potentially massive, septic or paradoxical emboli. Overall hospital mortality was 15% and recent operative mortality was 2%. The incidence of early postoperative leg swelling was 36% and late venous sequellae occurred in 50% of the follow-up group of 140 cases followed an average of 44.3 months. Morbidity secondary to IVC interruption was decreased by use of the prosthetic lip, but clip application was still associated with early leg swelling in 21% and late mild swelling in 24%. The incidence of proven or suspected recurrent emboli was 7.6% with no significant variation by type of IVC procedure, and recurrent emboli were fatal in 2.5%. Refinement of indications, operative methods and perioperative care for IVC interruption procedures over the years has substantially improved the surgical approach to prevention of life-threatening pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7362304 TI - Perforations and foreign bodies of the rectum. PMID- 7362303 TI - Benign sacrococcygeal teratomas in infants and children: a 25 year review. AB - A review of 33 infants treated over 25 years for benign sacrococcygeal teratoma shows that this is predominantly a newborn tumour presenting mostly as an external mass and carrying an excellent prognosis provided surgical treatment is prompt and complete excision accomplished. Resectability was 100% in this series as is usually the case. This tumour must however, be differentiated from other masses presenting in the sacrococcygeal area by a careful histologic study since these other lesions generally require a different therapeutic approach. PMID- 7362305 TI - A density test for the intraoperative differentiation of parathyroid hyperplasia from neoplasia. PMID- 7362306 TI - Success of a properly planned surgical procedure is dependent on manual skill. PMID- 7362307 TI - To be or not to be: a thoracic trainee or flunky. PMID- 7362308 TI - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the trachea and bronchus: the case for conservative resection. AB - We report our experience with 5 patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma treated by conservative resection, and review the literature on the 62 patients previously reported. A visual bronchoscopic diagnosis of adenoma was made in all 5 current patients. Bronchoscopic biopsy was performed in 4 and provided an accurate histological diagnosis in each. Conservative resection was accomplished with bronchoplastic techniques in 4 patients: sleeve lobectomy, 2; lobectomy with plastic bronchial closure, 1; and segmental tracheal resection, 1. The other patient underwent conventional lobectomy. All 5 patients are alive and free from disease 4 to 15 years following operation. The recently demonstrated correlation between histological grading and clinical behavior allows relatively benign variants of mucoepidermoid tumors to be accurately identified by bronchoscopic biopsy prior to thoracotomy. Because these tumors have a propensity to originate centrally in the tracheobronchial tree, bronchoplastic procedures frequently are required in order to accomplish tumor extirpation with limited pulmonary resection. PMID- 7362309 TI - Pleuroscopy in patients with pleural effusion and pleural masses. AB - We performed diagnostic pleuroscopy in 66 patients with pleural effusion and in 14 with pleural masses. The findings were diagnostic in 76 patients (95%). Pleural metastases were found in 63 patients, primary pleural or lung tumor in 5, and less common findings in the remainder. Only 1 minor complication occurred, and there were no deaths. Malignant pleural effusion causing dyspnea was managed successfully by talc insufflation under direct vision in 31 of 35 patients. Talc also was used with equal success and without complications in management of recurrent pneumothorax. We conclude that pleuroscopy is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. It is simple and well tolerated, has a diagnostic yield of 95%, and is virtually free from complications. It provides the best way of insufflating talc for pleurodesis. PMID- 7362310 TI - A comparison of intermittent and continuous arrest for prolonged hypothermic cardioplegia. PMID- 7362311 TI - Early extubation following pediatric cardiothoracic operation: a viable alternative. AB - A protocol is presented that facilitates early extubation following pediatric cardiothoracic operations. A total of 197 consecutive patients were managed according to this protocol. Fifty percent of the patients were less than 3 years old. Cardiopulmonary bypass was required in 113 (57%) of the surgical procedures. Extubation immediately following the surgical procedure was accomplished in 142 (72%) of the patients. Pulmonary complications occurred in 8 of these 142 patients (6%) and in 10 (18%) of the 55 patients requiring postoperative mechanical ventilation. Of the patients having early extubation, 5 (4%) required reintubation. One death in this group was unrelated to pulmonary function. There were 16 deaths among the 55 patients managed with mechanical ventilation. Carefully conducted early extubation provided specific advantages over routine postoperative mechanical ventilation. Modern techniques of anesthesia and surgical repair of congenital heart disease can decrease the requirement for postoperative mechanical ventilation and the potential for related complications. PMID- 7362312 TI - Endomyocardial fibrosis: report of 6 patients and review of the surgical literature. AB - Six patients with endomyocardial fibrosis were treated by endocardium decortication and atrioventricular valve replacement. There were 5 female patients and 1 male patient ranging from 14 to 48 years old (mean, 30 years). Four patients had involvement of the right ventricle, 1 patient had involvement of the left ventricle, and 1 patient had biventricular disease. There was 1 operative death due to low cardiac output state (the patient with biventricular endomyocardial fibrosis), and there was 1 late noncardiac death. The surgical literature, which describes 19 previously reported cases, was reviewed. On the basis of the results of this series and those of the reported cases, it is concluded that surgical treatment of endomyocardial fibrosis is feasible and provides good clinical improvement. PMID- 7362314 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia with gangrene of the lung and empyema. AB - The following case report demonstrates the occasional necessity for staged thoracic surgical intervention in the management of a clinical condition commonly associated with high mortality: overwhelming pseudomonas pulmonary infection and septic shock. Intervention included the use of emergency wide-open drainage of gangrene of the lung and empyema, followed by sequential, interval lobectomy. PMID- 7362316 TI - A simplified method of ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants. AB - A clip technique for ligation of the ductus arteriosus in premature infants is presented. PMID- 7362315 TI - Congenital saccular aneurysm of the superior vena cava. AB - It is important to recognize the true nature of the rare superior vena caval aneurysm with nonoperative techniques, in order to avoid needless diagnostic thoracotomy. Two distinct types exist--the fusiform and the saccular. The presence of such an aneurysm should be suspected if there is size variation during respiration on roentgenographic evaluation, and can be confirmed venographically. That these aneurysms do not enlarge, rupture, or thrombose argues for conservative management. PMID- 7362313 TI - Factors relating to late sudden death in patients having aortic valve replacement. AB - The preoperative and postoperative characteristics of a group of 16 patients who died unexpectedly and a control group of 52 late survivors with aortic protheses are reviewed. There were no preoperative differences between the groups for duration of congestive heart failure, electrocardiographic findings, cardiothoracic ratio, or hemodynamic findings. However, on the standard electrocardiogram postoperatively, there were more ventricular arrhythmias in the patients who died suddenly (7 of 16 or 44%) compared with the survivors (5 of 49 or 10%) (p less than 0.05). There were more patients with congestive failure in the study group (10 of 16 or 62%) compared with the controls (4 of 52 or 8%) (p less than 0.05). Patients exhibiting these findings are at risk of sudden death. Arrhythmia monitoring prior to discharge may also be helpful in selecting patients for antiarrhythmia treatment. PMID- 7362318 TI - Lengthened intraaortic balloon tubing for intraoperative use. AB - The intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) is being used with increasing frequency during surgical procedures. The standard length of balloon tubing requires the IABP console to be close to the operating table. This creates a possibility of contamination. A longer balloon tubing is described that permits an increased distance between console and operating table without decreasing effective augmentation. PMID- 7362317 TI - Transpleural resection of the first rib for repair of subclavian artery injury. AB - A technique is described for obtaining exposure of all three parts of the injured subclavian artery through a standard posterolateral thoracotomy and transpleural subperiosteal excision of the first rib. This technique should be considered for repairing injuries of the subclavian artery, especially when the injury is discovered at emergency thoracotomy done because of bleeding. PMID- 7362319 TI - Medical device regulation: current and future trends. PMID- 7362320 TI - Current status of treatment for tricuspid atresia: introduction to symposium. PMID- 7362321 TI - Anatomy of tricuspid atresia and its relevance to current forms of surgical therapy. AB - An anatomical study of 33 postmortem specimens of tricuspid atresia from two children's hospitals was carried out in order to identify the relative frequency of the various disease entities and associated malformations. Particular emphasis was placed on teh relevance to surgical therapy. PMID- 7362322 TI - Long-term results of shunt procedures for tricuspid atresia. AB - One hundred forty-eight infants and children with tricuspid atresia treated by one or more operations during a 31-year period were reviewed to indicate the long term results of shunt procedures. In general, the Potts shunt was used most frequently in small infants while the Blalock anastomosis was preferred for children older than 3 to 6 months. The Glenn anastomosis appears to be a good secondary shunt but its use depends on specific anatomical features and the possibility of doing a Fontan procedure in the future. The duration of effective palliation for each shunt has been examined actuarilly by life-table analysis. It is essential that shunts not only maintain adequate oxygen saturation but also preserve the patency, size, and shape of the pulmonary arteries and normal pulmonary vascular resistance. PMID- 7362323 TI - Palliative reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract in tricuspid atresia: a report of 5 patients. AB - Five patients with tricuspid atresia, normally related great arteries, and decreased pulmonary flow underwent reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract on enlargement of the ventricular septal defect (VSD) (outlet foramen) or both in order to increase pulmonary blood flow. The age of the patients ranged from 9 months to 4 years. All patients previously had had a systemic-pulmonary artery anastomosis. Preoperative mean arterial oxygen saturation was 67.2%. A restrictive outlet foramen was enlarged in 3 patients. Infundibulectomy and enlargement of the outlet chamber with a Dacron patch were performed in 4 patients. A pulmonary valve commissurotomy alone was done in 1 patient. There were no hospital or late deaths (mean follow-up, 16 months). Four patients out of 5 have obtained symptomatic and documented (increase in partial pressure of oxygen) benefit. In 1 patient, arterial oxygen saturation failed to rise to a satisfactory level. PMID- 7362325 TI - Medical device development: innovation versus regulation. AB - Innovation in the development of medical devices has been an important factor in the practive of health care in the United States. However, in a climate of increasing federal regulation, concern is expressed that such regulation can inhibit scientific creativity in the medical device industry. Several examples of the impact of increasing regulation in the discovery and development of new drugs are presented. Increasing regulation will divert research dollars from discovery efforts to regulatory maintenance. Surgeons can participate in the regulatory process by informing the public and the government on issues regarding safety and effectiveness of medical devices. PMID- 7362324 TI - Cardiovascular status after repair by Fontan procedure. AB - Patients surviving a Fontan operation experience dramatic symptomatic improvement, but concern remains about the long-term results of this operation. The clinical course and postoperative hemodynamic findings in 5 long-term survivors of the Fontan procedure from our institution are presented. Attention is drawn to 3 patients who required reoperation: 1 immediately for residual mild pulmonary stenosis, 1 for late onset complete heart block, and 1 for conduit valve stenosis. Review of our patients and those described in the literature reveals that all have ascites and pleural effusions as a results of high venous pressures but that this is usually a temporary problem. Late onset of obstruction to right atrial emptying has been reported in several patients in addition to ours. This raises serious concerns about the long-term fate of cloth conduits and porcine valves in this application. Although normal sinus rhythm has been thought to be essential for adequate pulmonary perfusion in these patients, it is interesting that several patients have tolerated atrial tachyarrhythmias, junctional rhythms, and even complete heart block without serious ill effects. We conclude that the Fontan procedure is extremely effective in relieving symptoms at an operative risk that is now acceptable, but these patients require very careful long-term follow-up because they are subject to a number of long-term complications. PMID- 7362326 TI - Air embolism and other accidents using pump oxygenators. AB - A surgery of 349 cardiac surgeons showed that during a six-year period, a pump oxygenator accident serious enough to cause patient injury or death occurred one per 1,000 procedures. A total of 264 deaths occurred as a direct results of an accident. Air embolism and disseminated intravascular coagulation were the two most common problems. Low-level alarm systems were reported to be used by 42% of the respondents and activated clotting times were used by 63%. Rigorous use of alarm systems and heparin monitoring could reduce the incidence of pump-related accidents. PMID- 7362327 TI - Thermographic demonstration of uneven myocardial cooling in patients with coronary lesions. AB - Low temperature is an important factor in protecting the myocardium during an operation on the heart. This can be difficult to accomplish if the cold cardioplegic solution is hindered by occlusions or stenosis of the coronary arteries. We used thermography to study myocardial temperature during infusion of cold cardioplegic solution. Slow cooling was recorded distal to coronary stenosis or occlusions, thereby indicating insufficient protection of the myocarium in these areas. PMID- 7362328 TI - Protective effect of hyaluronidase after long-term aortic cross-clamping: initial experimental observations. AB - This work studies the effect of hyaluronidase on myocardium subjected to long term aortic cross-clamping (three hours) and moderate hypothermia (28 degrees C). Animals receiving hyaluronidase (1,00o U per liter) through the root of the aorta with a procaine-potassium chloride-lasmalyte cardioplegic solution showed better functional, electrical, and morphological response than the untreated animals. These findings, although preliminary, appear to be promising for potential clinical application. PMID- 7362329 TI - True diverticulum of the right ventricle: two cases associated with tetralogy of Fallot. AB - A true right ventricular diverticulum is a rare malformation consisting of an accessory ventricular outpouching communicating with the right ventricle through a muscular annulus and located at the right superior margin of the right ventricle. Its normal myocardial structure causes it to function as normal ventricle and in itself does not cause functional disturbances. In all reported instances, the malformation was associated with a ventricular septal defect and obstructive lesions of the right ventricular outflow tract. The 2 patients we describe had partial resection at the time of repair of tetralogy of Fallot and are doing well one and four years postoperatively. PMID- 7362330 TI - Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. AB - Fifty-seven babies were surgically treated for esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula between 1968 and 1978. Forty-eight (84%) had proximal esophageal atresia and a distal tracheoesophageal fistula, 2 (4%) had proximal and distal esophageal atresia and no tracheosophageal fistula, and 7 (12%) had a tracheosophageal fistula without esophageal atresia. Primary repair was accomplished in 43 patients (75%), colon interposition was required in 5 (9%), while the remainder had staged or palliative reapirs. Forty-six (81%) survived surgical treatment. All 21 babies in Waterston Category A, 90% of 20 in Category B, and 44% of 16 in Category C survived surgical treatment. Serious complications occurred in 17 (30%), and dilatable strictures and other minor problems developed in 27 (47%). Late follow-up (mean, 48 months) revealed 3 (7%) late deaths, 2 of which were due to congenital heart disease. Three patients required late colon interposition, and several require frequent dilatations of the esophagus. The Category A and B survivors are all functionally well, while the 5 surviving Category C patients are all significantly impaired by associated anomalies. PMID- 7362331 TI - Tricuspid atresia with dextrotransposition, dextrocardia, and mitral insufficiency: successful circulatory correction. AB - A 13-year-old patient with visceral and atrial situs solitus, dextrocardia, dextro (D) transposition of the great vessels with subaortic conus, tricuspid atresia, massive mitral valve insufficiency, and previously performed pulmonary artery banding was seen at our hospital. A right atrial to pulmonary artery conduit procedure and mitral valve replacement successfully repaired this child's circulation. PMID- 7362332 TI - Rhabdomyoma of the heart: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. AB - The sector scan was decisive in establishing the diagnosis of multiple rhabdomyomas of the heart in a newborn infant. Successful resection of the tumors was performed with profound hypothermia and limited cardiopulmonary bypass. Nine months later, the infant died of the complications of tuberous sclerosis. This case report documents the diagnostic accuracy of the sector scan and the potential benefit of aggressive surgical management of this condition. PMID- 7362333 TI - Propranolol: an unrecognized cause of central nervous system dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - An organic mental syndrome developed in a patient soon after he underwent repair of a dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysm. The operation was accomplished with cardiopulmonary bypass. Initially, the mental changes were thought to be related to the operation. However, they subsequently were shown to be associated with propranolol. The potential role of propranolol in inducing central nervous system disturbances is emphasized, and the literature on the subject is reviewed. PMID- 7362334 TI - Emergency guidelines for AVCO/datascope intraaortic balloon pump console substitution. AB - Intraaortic balloon pumping is widely utilized for mechanical circulatory support of patients with left ventricular power failure. Although intraaortic balloon pump consoles are quite reliable, malfunctions do occur. If a standby console of similar make is not available, a console of a different manufacturer can be utilized to continue counterpulsation. This article provides guidelines for the emergency driving of a Datascope pump console and an AVCO balloon catheter, and an AVCO pump console and a Datascope balloon catheter. The succesful use of the Datascope pump and an AVCO balloon in 5 patients is reported. PMID- 7362335 TI - Stented xenograft valve insertion. AB - A simple holder and the associated technique for temporarily converting the stented xenograft type of valve into a Starr-Edwards configuration are described. With this technique, the struts are not caught by the sutures during insertion. PMID- 7362337 TI - Anatomy of reproductive tract in Octodon degus Molina: a nonscrotal rodent. AB - O. degus reproductive tract is characterized externally by a perianal circle with the penis pointing posteriorly. Beneath the perianal circle is the cremasteric sac. Testes are always inside the abdomen, with the epididymis attached to them but the cauda epididymis lays inside the cremasteric sac. Vas deferens and seminal vesicles open independently into the urethra. Three pairs of lateral prostatic lobes open by many ducts into the urethra. The corpora spongiosa holds the urethra in the ventral groove of the corpus cavernosum. The corpus cavernosa are inserted into the bulbo cavernosum muscle and at its distal end are attached to the base of the baculum, that lay under the dorsal face of the glans. The glans has two openings: the urinary meatus and the intromittent sac. The characteristics of the testicular artery agree with the anatomy expected for animals with intrabdominal testes; it is relatively short, with few loops and a wide diameter. Many of these anatomical features are shared by other caviomorphal rodents. If testicular temperature is similar to body temperature in these animals as in O. degus (36.0 degrees and 37.2 degrees C respectively), they would exhibit little testicular thermal sensibility. Among these rodents O. degus has the lowest body temperature. Moreover this work reinforces the hypothesis that descent of the testis into the scrotum has occurred secondarily to the immigration of the cauda epididymis. PMID- 7362336 TI - Modified procedure for correction of truncus arteriosus, types II and III. AB - A new modified procedure for correction of types II and III truncus arteriosus defects is described. This method of intraluminal aortic patch placement to partition the pulmonary and systemic circulation has certain distinct technical and anatomical advantages in patients with this type of congenital defect. Further, as the patient grows, it may prove to be a more versatile procedure. PMID- 7362338 TI - Improvement of spermatozoal motility characteristics. AB - In this study were collected 34 normal semen samples, and samples from 8 men showing prostatic hypofunction of unknown origin and from 5 men with agglutinating autoantibodies in their sera. Among the various biological solutions tested, Tyrode's solution, with or without glucose, bovine serum albumin, and sperm-Ringer solution containing fructose best maintained the motility of normal spermatozoa, which was nearly the same as with semen samples. The ATP content of the spermatozoa was highest in the Tyrode's solution. When seminal plasma of the samples with low acid phosphatase and poor sperm motility was replaced with normal donor seminal plasma, the motility was increased almost to the normal level. All other biological solutions tested were weaker in this respect. 7.2 mmol/l caffeine had neither clear improvement on the motility of normally motile sperm cells nor on the spermatozoal ATP content. After cryopreservation and thawing, the samples containing caffeine showed the best motility, which was, however, surprisingly low. Spermatozoa coated by autoantibodies showed very abnormal cervical mucus penetration. After washing with Tyrode's solution the penetration improved, but did not reach normal penetration level. PMID- 7362339 TI - Carnitine in seminal plasma: its significance in diagnostic andrology. AB - Carnitine estimation in human semen is of diagnostic value for epididymal function. About 95% of the free carnitine originates from the epididymis. In patients with euspermia the median value of carnitine is 7 +/- 3 mg%. The clinical significance of carnitine determination is demonstrated in azoospermia, varicocele, and obstructive azoospermia. In order to obtain a general picture of seminal plasma we ought not to rely only on fructose estimations but should also take into account those of the citrate and carnitine. PMID- 7362340 TI - Effect of spermine on divalent cations of human spermatozoa. AB - The present report deals with the effect of spermine (0.4--2.0 mg) on the intracellular levels of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium in human spermatozoa. Spermine decreased the calcium and magnesium levels in a dose related manner; however, changes in the sodium and potassium levels could not be correlated with spermine concentration. PMID- 7362341 TI - Origin of glycerylphosphorylcholine, inositol, N-acetylaminosugar, and prostaglandins in human seminal plasma and their effects on sperm metabolism. AB - The origin of glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC), N-acetylaminosugar, inositol, and prostaglandins in human seminal plasma was investigated by correlating the concentration of these components in split ejaculates with known marker constituents. Fructose and acid phosphatase were selected as markers of the secretory activity of the seminal vesicles and prostate gland, respectively, and spermatozoa indicated epididymal origin. The concentration of fructose was lowest in the first fraction of the semen and increased to a maximum in the final portion. Prostaglandins E and F and N-acetylaminosugar values closely followed this pattern, indicating that these components originate in the seminal vesicles. The concentration of spermatozoa was high in the first two fractions, decreasing to a minimum in the final fraction. The distribution of GPC was similar to that of the spermatozoa, indicating that the epididymis secretes this compound. Inositol levels were similar in all fractions, indicating that it is probably present in epididymal, vesicular, and prostatic fluid. Human spermatozoa were unable to utilize N-acetylglucosamine or inositol. High concentrations of some prostaglandins (100 micrograms/ml of PGF1 alpha, 15S 15 met. F2 alpha, PGA1, and PGA2) depressed the endogenous oxygen uptake of human spermatozoa. PMID- 7362342 TI - Effects of unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord on the contralateral testis in human and guinea pig. AB - The fine structure of the contralateral, so-called unaffected, testis of two of three patients with unilateral testicular torsion revealed varying degrees of abnormalities, apparently related to the time course of the condition. In one patient (H-87) with unilateral torsion of 16 days duration, the contralateral testis revealed various morphological abnormalities. These included abnormal nuclear condensation in spermatids, disappearance of the inner component of the basal lamina, degeneration of the germinal epithelium, and "intermixing" of germinal epithelial cells with peritubular components. In the other patient (H 109) with severe atrophy of one testis as a result of torsion, the contralateral testis revealed abnormalities which included spermatids with degenerating heads and tails within the Sertoli cell cytoplasm near the basal lamina and peritubular thickening accompanied by a greater than usual number of Leydig cells. In guinea pigs with experimentally induced unilateral torsion, abnormal spermatid development was seen in the contralateral testis of those animals in which the affected testis was severely damaged. Moreover, the Sertoli cells exhibited a high degree of phagocytic activity. Fewer abnormal spermatids in the spermatogonial compartment were found in the contralateral testis of the animals which had only moderately altered histology of the affected testis. No fine structural change was noted in the contralateral testis of control or sham operated animals or in those which displayed only minimal damage in the affected testis. This study suggests that unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord resulting in moderate to severe damage to the affected testis may be associated with morphological abnormalities in the contralateral testis. PMID- 7362343 TI - Early CHD deaths and families. PMID- 7362345 TI - The computer as clinical consultant. PMID- 7362344 TI - Retirement risk? PMID- 7362346 TI - Thyroid hormone concentration in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7362347 TI - The hyperplastic digit. PMID- 7362349 TI - Thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy. Advantages and limitations. AB - Myocardial scintigraphy with thallium 201 is a simple, safe, and valuable noninvasive technique in evaluating the condition of patients with cardiac disorders. Images obtained at rest appear to have limited usefulness at the present time. However, rest imaging may prove to have advantages in the future for early diagnosis of myocardial infarction, thus aiding in the selection of patients to be admitted to the coronary care unit. Exercise imaging, on the other hand, has a high degree of sensitivity and specificity in detecting ischemic heart disease; when combined with treadmill exercise testing, imaging improves the diagnostic accuracy even further. PMID- 7362348 TI - Optimal use of serum enzyme levels in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The perspective in 1980. PMID- 7362350 TI - Acute myocardial infarction and MB creatine phosphokinase. Relationship between onset of symptoms of infarction and appearance and disappearance of enzyme. AB - Sixty-six patients admitted to the coronary care unit within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were subjected to blood sampling at one- to two-hour intervals for analysis of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes and isoenzymes. Complete MB CPK curves were obtained in 27 patients, and these were analyzed for optimum times for sampling and minimum number of analyses for detection of AMI. The present study indicates that (1) optimum detection of AMI can be achieved by analysis for MB CPK in a minimum of two samples obtained at 12 and 24 hours after onset of symptoms of AMI; (2) negative results of analyses for MB CPK in samples obtained before 12 hours or after 24 hours should not be used to exclude the diagnosis of AMI; and (3) a total CPK value within the normal range is not a reliable screening test to exclude analysis of MB CPK. PMID- 7362351 TI - Plasma MB creatine kinase activity and other conventional enzymes. Comparison in patients with chest pain and tachyarrhythmias. AB - We studied 67 patients with tachycardia and chest pain admitted with suspected myocardial infarction; 29 had myocardial infarction (20 transmural, nine subendocardial) with elevated MB creatine kinase (CK) activity, as well as elevated total CK and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. However, hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase and SGOT activity remained normal in three and four patients, respectively. Despite abnormal ECGs in 84% and typical chest pain in 54%, 38 patients had normal MB CK activity. However, 15 of them had elevated MM CK levels, presumably due to release from skeletal muscle. In total, 29 patients had elevated activity of MM, CK, LDH, or SGOT, but 72% of these patients had cardiac failure, hypotension, or skeletal muscle trauma due to cardioversion. Eleven patients with normal MB CK had elevated hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase activity. Despite elevated activity of other enzymes, MB CK remained normal. Thus, elevated plasma MB CK activity appears to remain a good diagnostic marker of myocardial necrosis in patients with tachyarrhythmias. PMID- 7362352 TI - Liver enlargement in long-term hemodialysis patients. AB - Hepatomegaly was observed in most of the patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis treatment. This was confirmed and quantitated by isotope liver scanning. Liver size was normal in uremic nondialyzed patients. Common causes for liver enlargement were excluded in all reported cases, and there was no evidence for liver disease as judged by functional tests and liver histology. PMID- 7362353 TI - A computerized data-handling system in hypertension management. AB - An inexpensive, easy to use, computerized data-handling system is described for managing patients with hypertension. It has been in operation for 2 1/2 years in a clinic that functions with nurse specialists and physicians working as a team. Data entry and retrieval are performed by nurse specialists. Computer entries have been made for over 1,030 new patients who had 5,873 clinic revisits and 1,800 laboratory visits. Several kinds of outputs are generated that assist physicians in patient management. Most useful are those on the laboratory flow sheet, which itemizes all or selected laboratory results by date, and the blood pressure and selected laboratory data flow sheets, which chronologically list pertinent patient data necessary for management. PMID- 7362354 TI - Hemolytic uremic syndrome in adults. AB - The long-term clinical course of 11 adults with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is reported. All patients were treated with heparin and antiplatelet drugs, and ten required dialysis. One patient died after 38 days; the others recovered from anuria after seven to 400 days. One patient was resubmitted to regular dialysis five years later, and another died because of cerebral hemorrhage. Among the remaining eight patients, four show renal failure and four have normal renal function after one to ten years of observation. All but three require vigorous antihypertensive therapy. It is concluded that in adults with HUS (1) recovery may occur even after a prolonged anuria; (2) severe hypertension and progressive renal failure may appear later in apparently recovered patients; and (3) heparin and antiplatelet drugs seem to be beneficial in reversing acute renal failure. PMID- 7362355 TI - Pulmonary nocardiosis. Occurrence in men with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Pulmonary nocardiosis developed in three male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), all of whom had been or were being treated with steroids and cytotoxic agents. These three cases comprise virtually the entire experience of our medical center with this infectious agent since 1971, and no cases of nocardiosis have been seen in a large group of treated and untreated female SLE patients. Unlike nine of ten previously reported cases, our patients each survived the infection with appropriate therapy, and subsequently either did well or died of other disease complications. The predisposition of nocardial infection for immunologically suppressed male subjects appears to hold true in SLE in spite of the strong predilection of this disease for women. PMID- 7362356 TI - Persistent fetal dispersion of the atrioventricular node. Association with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - Symptomatic supraventricular tachycardias developed in a 58-year-old man not long before he also was found to have metastatic cancer. During electrophysiological studies, type A Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome was defined and at least four different forms of supraventricular tachycardias were documented. When he died of his cancer, autopsy studies included special examination of his heart and its conduction system. There was a slender connection between the left atrium and left ventricle posterior to the margo obtusus, composed of ordinary working myocardial cells. There was also persistent fetal dispersion of the atrioventricular (AV) node within the central fibrous body, forming a suitable anatomical substrate for reentrant tachycardias originating entirely there. The anatomical and electrophysiological findings are discussed relative to the question of surgery in such patients, since cutting the lateral AV connections might eliminate the delta wave but not the supraventricular tachycardias. PMID- 7362357 TI - Cardiac failure and infarction ECG pattern in a chronic alcoholic. PMID- 7362358 TI - Granulomatous hepatitis as a manifestation of quinidine hypersensitivity. AB - Histologic pictures have been conflicting in previous cases of quinidine associated hepatitis. We report a case of reversible granulomatous hepatitis from quinidine hypersensitivity, with granuloma induction occurring within three days after readministration of quinidine. Fever, urticaria, and mild thrombocytopenia were associated clinical findings. Both light and electron microscopic study results are reported. PMID- 7362359 TI - Lipoid nephrosis appearing as acute oliguric renal failure. AB - Acute oliguric renal failure previously was reported to develop in patients with preexisting idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in association with clinical evidence of vascular volume depletion. We describe an 81-year-old man without recent proteinuria or evidence of preexisting nephrotic syndrome in whom acute oliguric renal failure developed. Renal biopsy disclosed minimal change disease. Nephrotic range proteinuria without severe hypoalbuminemia was detected during the 25-day course of oliguric renal failure. Renal vein thrombosis was excluded. Urine sodium concentration and fractional sodium excretion were reduced, yet left ventricular filling pressure was not subnormal and could be increased to supernormal levels without improvement in glomerular filtration rate. Oliguria and azotemia were corrected following initiation of glucocorticoid therapy. This case suggests that lipoid nephrosis can appear as acute oliguric renal failure without historical or physical evidence of preexisting nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7362360 TI - Parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels in hypercalcemia of acute renal failure. AB - A 38-year-old man developed symptomatic hypercalcemia during the diuretic phase of acute renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis. Although early secondary hyperparathyroidism was documented, parathyroid hormone levels fell when hypercalcemia occurred. The 25-hydroxycholecalciferol level was normal on two separate occasions during the hypercalcemia. Remobilization of muscle calcium deposits during diuresis is proposed as the cause of the hypercalcemia in this syndrome. PMID- 7362363 TI - Hyperventilating the hypoventilator. AB - A 65-year-old man had chronic hypoventilation and was demonstrated to have primary neuromuscular disease with major involvement of the thoracic bellows. By use of accessory muscles, he was able to voluntarily hyperventilate and reduce his PCO2 to normal. Hyperventilation gases must be interpreted with care in neuromuscular disease; the ability to reduce PCO2 to normal range does not exclude neuromuscular disease as a cause of chronic respiratory failure. PMID- 7362362 TI - Hepatic friction rub in uremia. AB - Hepatic friction rubs developed in two patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Thorough evaluation, including autopsy in one patient, did not demonstrate any known cause for the rubs except that uremic pericarditis had complicated the course of both patients and one suffered from chronic hemolytic anemia. The clinical course suggests that hepatic friction rubs may be associated with either uremia or maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 7362368 TI - Use of bicarbonate values. PMID- 7362367 TI - Use of bicarbonate values. PMID- 7362366 TI - Use of bicarbonate values. PMID- 7362364 TI - Sickle cell dactylitis. PMID- 7362361 TI - Pathologic flail chest complicating multiple myeloma. AB - Pathologic flail chest complicated the initial presentation of multiple myeloma in two patients. Both had severe hypercalcemia and diffuse bone disease. Atelectasis and pulmonary edema preceded the appearance of flail chest in one patient; atelectasis complicated the flail chest in the second patient and increased the severity of the flail. Both were treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, delay in stabilizing the first patient's chest wall with positive airway pressure was followed by extension of the flail chest and irreversible respiratory failure. On the other hand, prolonged stabilization of the chest wall in the second patient until a chemotherapy-induced remission occurred was associated with resolution of the flail chest. PMID- 7362365 TI - Diarrhea and intravenous fluids. PMID- 7362369 TI - Mammography in breast examination. PMID- 7362370 TI - Role of glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic vascular disease. PMID- 7362371 TI - Management of thyrotoxicosis with a low radioactive iodine uptake. PMID- 7362372 TI - Amphotericin B. New perspectives. PMID- 7362374 TI - Liquid caustic ingestion. A flag of caution. PMID- 7362373 TI - Commentary on bone marrow necrosis and degeneration. PMID- 7362375 TI - The medical literature. Let the reader beware. AB - Since two thirds of the studies appearing in the best medical journals contain unwarranted conclusions, it is important for the physician to be aware of pitfalls. Two common errors are committed; the first consists of confusing statistical significance with medical significance, and the second deals with drawing substantive conclusions from an accepted null hypothesis. In common parlance, significance pertains to importance and meaningfulness, whereas statistical significance specifies the probability that an observed effect could have been produced by chance variation. The null hypothesis is the hypothesis of no experimental effect or correlation. It can be accepted or rejected. The fact that a null hypothesis is accepted does not prove that it is true, ie, that there is no experimental effect or correlation. PMID- 7362376 TI - Barrett's ulcer and treatment with cimetidine. AB - Of seven patients with Barrett's esophagus, two had acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleeding, two had slow chronic upper GI tract bleeding; and three had dysphagia and weight loss. At upper GI tract endoscopy, 1- to 2-cm ulcers were seen in all seven patients in the distal esophagus. Four of the seven patients also had stricture of varying severity in the distal esophagus. Serial esophageal mucosal biopsy specimens in all seven patients revealed specialized columnar epithelium distal to 28 cm from the incisor teeth. Five of the seven patients were treated with intensive antacid therapy for eight weeks; but the ulcers had not healed after this period of treatment as assessed endoscopically. These five patients and two more then started therapy with cimetidine, 1.2 g per day. Repeat endoscopy four weeks and eight weeks after institution of cimetidine therapy revealed complete healing of the esophageal ulcers in six of the seven patients. One patient needed 16 weeks of cimetidine therapy before his ulcer had healed completely. Cimetidine therapy was not effective in preventing restricture of the esophagus. Two patients underwent biopsy 18 months after successful treatment; gastric epithelium had not reverted to squamous epithelium. PMID- 7362378 TI - Occult bronchogenic carcinoma masquerading as esophageal cancer. Case reports with recommendations for a change in reporting esophageal cytology. AB - We describe two patients with benign esophageal stricture in whom exfoliative esophageal cytologic features positive for squamous cell carcinoma is attributed to roentgenographically occult lung cancer. The discovery of alveolar macrophages within the esophageal washings of these patients prompted a retrospective analysis assessing the prevalence of esophageal washings contaminated by cellular material from the lower respiratory tract. Alveolar macrophages were observed in 11 of 28 patients (39%) and in 12 of 33 specimens (36%). Alveolar macrophages were noted in half of patients with benign esophageal disease, but in only one of eight cases with proved esophageal cancer. Criteria alerting physicians to the coexistence of benign esophageal stricture and occult respiratory neoplasm are given, and recommendations for a change in reporting esophageal cytologic features are proposed. PMID- 7362379 TI - Nephrostomy in patients with ureteral obstruction secondary to nonurologic malignancy. Obstructive uropathy in malignant disease. AB - A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the effects of nephrostomy on renal function in 11 patients with either bilateral ureteral obstruction (nine) or obstruction of a solitary kidney (two) due to advanced metastatic malignancy of nonurologic cause. Nephrostomy resulted in substantial improvement in renal function and lowering of blood pressure. The BUN and serum creatinine levels decreased from 80 +/- 32 and 12.1 +/- 6.3 mg/dL to 34 +/- 24 and 2.4 +/- 2.0 mg/dL, respectively. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased from 112 +/- 22 to 88 +/- 6 mm Hg and correlated significantly with weight loss. Mean patient survival after nephrostomy was 6.7 months. The major complications of nephrostomy included hemorrhage and infection. Nephrostomy resulted in significant improvement in renal function and blood pressure in this group of patients and might add to length of patient survival. PMID- 7362377 TI - Meperidine for the treatment of shaking chills and fever. AB - Meperidine hydrochloride was evaluated in a prospectively randomized double-blind study for its effectiveness in stopping shaking chills occurring with amphotericin B infusions. Seven patients were randomized on multiple occasions for a total of 19 reactions. In the meperidine group, nine of nine reactions stopped within 30 minutes of the administration of meperidine, with a mean cessation time of 10.8 minutes. The placebo group had a mean time of 37.4 minutes to cessation of reactions with three of ten reactions subsiding spontaneously. The mean dose of meperidine hydrochloride for cessation of reaction was 45 mg. The comparisons between meperidine and placebo for cessation of reaction within 30 minutes and the mean time to cessation of reaction were significantly different. Side effects with meperidine were minimal and less severe than the shaking chills and fever seen with amphotericin B infusions. Meperidine can eliminate these reactions more effectively and more rapidly than simply discontinuing the amphotericin B. PMID- 7362380 TI - Liquid caustic ingestion. Spectrum of injury. AB - Seventeen patients who ingested liquid caustics were reviewed for location, extent, severity, and outcome of the mucosal injury. Although many complained of glossopharyngeal pains and dysphagia (12 patients), and most had some oral mucosal burns (15 patients), the absence of severe oral burns or pharyngoesophageal symptoms did not exclude esophageal or gastric injury as determined by endoscopy. The location of the most severe mucosal injury was unpredictable by symptoms alone; seven of the 17 patients demonstrated gastric mucosal injury greater than esophageal. One patient died of extensive esophageal, gastric, and duodenal injury; esophageal strictures developed in three patients. Caustic ingestion is a serious medical condition whose severity can best be gauged by endoscopic findings and not by patient symptoms alone. Outcome is variable, ranging from an asymptomatic state to stricture formation or even death. PMID- 7362381 TI - Tuberculous enteritis and peritonitis. Report of 36 general hospital cases. AB - We studied 36 patients with gastrointestinal tuberculosis: 21 had peritonitis, 11 had enteritis, and four had both. Diagnostic criteria were (1) caseating granulomas or positive smear or culture from an abdominal specimen; (2) culture proved pulmonary tuberculosis plus ascitic fluid containing protein, greater than 3.0 g/dL, and more than 50% lymphocytes, or granulomatous enterlitis on x-ray studies that resolved with antituberculous therapy. In only four of 15 patients with enteritis was the disease confined to the ileocecal region. Fourteen patients (40%) had complications: bowel obstruction in ten, perforation in six, and fistula in five. Five of these died. Two perforations and one death followed paracentesis and needle biopsy. Tuberculous peritonitis can be diagnosed without biopsy when lymphocytic exudative ascites responds to antituberculous chemotherapy given for concurrent culture-proved pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and persistent abdominal complaints who have granulomatous enteritis should be considered to have tuberculous enteritis. Surgery is reserved for bowel obstruction, perforation, fistula, or a mass that does not resolve with drug therapy. PMID- 7362382 TI - Alkalemia associated with renal failure. Correction by hemodialysis with low bicarbonate dialysate. AB - Hemodialysis with a low-bicarbonate dialysate was used in four patients for the simultaneous treatment of acute renal failure and fluid overload associated with alkalemia. All patients had a mixed acid-base disorder, namely respiratory alkalosis superimposed on metabolic alkalosis. Correction of alkalemia and azotemia was accomplished with low-bicarbonate dialysis without signs of hemodynamic deterioration. This successful experience, coupled with the reported side effects of acetate-containing dialysate, would suggest the use of a low bicarbonate dialysate as a recommended therapy of renal failure associated with alkalemia. PMID- 7362383 TI - Psychomotor performance defects in cirrhotic patients without overt encephalopathy. AB - Psychometric tests were administered to 36 alcoholic patients with cirrhosis without overt portal systemic encephalopathy and to 32 alcoholics without liver diseases. Verbal ability was preserved in both groups. The cirrhotic patients scored worse than the alcoholics without liver disease on most of the tests of psychomotor performance. Based on the three most discriminative tests, 50% of the cirrhotic patients had one or more scores that were more abnormal than those of any member of the alcoholic group. Significant correlations were found between the severity of liver disease and most tests of performance in the cirrhotic group, due primarily to the influence of serum albumin as a component of the severity index. We conclude that psychomotor tests are sensitive tools for the detection of latent encephalopathy, and that nutritional status probably plays a role in determining test performance. PMID- 7362384 TI - Klebsiella bacteremia. AB - Of 41 patients with Klebsiella bacteremia studied, most were newborn or elderly and only one patient had community-acquired infection. The incidence of bacteremia was evenly distributed over 16 months, except that infections in the newborns occurred in a cluster. The initial site of infection resulting in bacteremia was urinary tract (27%), gastrointestinal tract (24%), intravenous sites (20%), and pulmonary system (15%). Mortality was influenced by the underlying disease, the age of the patients, and site of initial infection. In patients with nonfatal underlying disease, deaths occurred only in patients with pulmonary or abdominal infections and did not occur in patients in whom the portal of entry was the urinary tract or intravenous sites. Single antibiotic therapy with aminoglycoside was adequate in this latter group. PMID- 7362385 TI - Low fractional excretion of sodium with contrast media-induced acute renal failure. AB - Risk factors, clinical courses, and urinary indices were examined in 12 consecutive patients with contrast media-induced acute renal failure. A high prevalence of preexisting renal disease, diabetes, vascular disease, and compromised cardiac output was observed. All patients had transient oliguria one to four days in duration, and all patients had return of renal function to their baseline values within five to ten days. Consistently low urinary sodium concentration and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) were seen during the oliguric phase of the acute renal failure. Fractional excretion of sodium of less than 1% persisted for up to five days despite unequivocal renal function deterioration. The findings raise the possibility that acute renal failure secondary to contrast media may be mediated either by decreases in renal perfusion or by acute tubular obstruction. PMID- 7362386 TI - Renal response to potassium loading in sickle cell trait. AB - Anatomical and functional renal medullary abnormalities are common in patients with sickle cell disease (HbSS) and sickle cell trait (HbAS). Sickle cell disease is associated with impaired urinary potassium excretion, but renal potassium handling in patients with HbAS has not been reported. To address this question, we gave nine HbAS and eight black control (HbAA) volunteers an oral potassium chloride load (0.75 mEq/kg of body weight), collected urine for five hours, and measured changes in the serum and urinay potassium levels. Both prior to and after potassium chloride loading, there were no differences between groups in serum or urinary potassium levels nor in percent of excretion of administered potassium. We conclude that patients with HbAS, despite decreased concentrating ability, have no impairment of the renal response to oral potassium loading and no apparent increased risk of hyperkalemia during periods of high potassium intake. PMID- 7362387 TI - The cause and clinical significance of diastolic heart sounds. AB - Auscultation becomes more meaningful when the forces that cause the cardiac sounds are understood. We review the mechanisms responsible for the diastolic heart sounds and correlate them with various clinical conditions that affect their timing, loudness, and pitch. A careful search for these soft and illusive sounds should be included as part of every cardiac examination since their proper identification can supply important diagnostic and prognostic information. PMID- 7362388 TI - Goodpasture's syndrome treated with plasmapheresis. Report of a case. AB - A 55-year old man had pulmonary hemorrhage and renal insufficiency. Direct immunofluorescence of a renal biopsy specimen disclosed prominent linear deposition of IgA along glomerular capillary walls. The patient underwent clinical remission following plasma exchange and immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 7362389 TI - Renal involvement in human trichinosis. AB - A renal clinicopathologic study was made in five patients with trichinosis. The patients had mild proteinuria and abnormal urinary sediment that disappeared after the disease was under control. Creatinine clearance was normal in all cases. p-Aminohippurate clearance was decreased in two patients who had hypoalbuminemia. A renal biopsy specimen showed mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with deposition of immunoglobulins and C3 in the mesangial areas and along the capillary loops. Glomerular fibrin deposition was noted in one case. Deposition of hyaline material and C3 was observed in the arteriolar wall. Tubular interstitial changes were not present. PMID- 7362390 TI - Potentiation of warfarin anticoagulation by sulfisoxazole. AB - The prothrombin time (PT) of a patient undergoing warfarin sodium anticoagulation became elevated when sulfisoxazole was given concurrently. The warfarin dose index is used to demonstrate that this PT prolongation was the result of a warfarin-sulfisoxazole interaction. The mechanism of this interaction may involve displacement of warfarin from serum albumin. Sulfisoxazole should be used cautiously, if at all, in patients taking warfarin. PMID- 7362391 TI - Myxomatous degeneration and cystic medial necrosis associated with acromegaly. AB - Although valvular lesions are rare in acromegaly, two patients with click-murmur syndrome and one patient with aortic insufficiency secondary to myxomatous degeneration and cystic medial necrosis of the aorta have been reported. Growth hormone excess has been postulated to potentiate these connective tissue defects. Excess mucopolysaccharide deposition is stimulated by growth hormone and is characteristic of both cystic medial necrosis and myxomatous degeneration. Both lesions are found in experimental lathyrism, which is potentiated by growth hormone. We observed a patient with mitral insufficiency, acromegaly documented by growth hormone levels, myxomatous degeneration of all four cardiac valves, and cystic medial necrosis of the aorta and pulmonary artery. This case presents further evidence that excess growth hormone may potentiate the connective tissue cardiovascular lesions in acromegaly. PMID- 7362392 TI - Pheochromocytoma of the broad ligament. Localization by computerized tomography and ultrasonography. AB - Computerized tomography (CT) and ultrasonography demonstrated a pheochromocytoma of the broad ligament of the uterus in a patient in whom arteriographic findings had been negative. We suggest that either or both of these techniques be used initially because, although they are not histologically specific, they are noninvasive and sensitive. An additional advantage of CT is its ability to evaluate sites of extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas above the diaphragm. PMID- 7362393 TI - Pulmonary carcinoid tumor associated with nephrotic syndrome. AB - A patient with carcinoid tumor of the lung associated with nephrotic syndrome was treated. Excision of the tumor resulted in remission of marked proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. A review of the literature disclosed many neoplasms associated with the nephrotic syndrome; however, no association of the nephrotic syndrome and a carcinoid tumor of the lung has previously been reported, to our knowledge. PMID- 7362394 TI - Hairy cell leukemia with acquired dyserythropoiesis. AB - Dyserythropoiesis, a qualitative abnormality of erythrocyte production, is described in a patient with hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis). The development of a second population of circulating RBCs with a mean corpuscular volume of 154 cu mu suggests the emergence of an abnormal clone of marrow erythrocyte precursors. PMID- 7362395 TI - Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure associated with phencyclidine intoxication. AB - Rhabdomyolysis can occur with phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) intoxication. However, to our knowledge acute renal failure with phencyclidine-induced rhabdomyolysis has not been reported previously. Therefore, we describe two patients with this condition. The modern treatment of phencyclidine intoxication, namely aggressive acidification and diuretic therapy, can enhance the risk of acute renal failure in patients with rhabdomyolysis. Therefore, exclusion of rhabdomyolysis is essential before acidification measures are undertaken. PMID- 7362396 TI - Cervical carcinoma and ectopic hyperparathyroidism. AB - Profound hypercalcemia can impose both diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. First, profound hypercalcemia can be life-threatening as well as difficult to control. Second, the use of mithramycin in the treatment of severe hypercalcemia is emphasized. Third, hypercalcemia of hyperparathyroidism cannot be absolutely distinguished from that of malignancy. In the present case, the tubular reabsorption of phosphate, serum calcium levels, and measurement of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) suggested primary hyperparathyroidism, yet ectopic iPTH from a cervical carcinoma was the probable cause of the hypercalcemia. PMID- 7362397 TI - Cephalosporin-associated colitis and Clostridium difficile. AB - A case of cephalosporin-associated colitis occurred in which a tissue-cultured morphologic-altering activity was demonstrated in the patient's feces during the active episode. Neutralization of the tissue culture activity by antiserum directed against a partially purified toxin of Clostridium difficile provided a more suggestive link between the colitis and this clostridial species. PMID- 7362398 TI - Marrow aplasia following topical application of chloramphenicol eye ointment. AB - Chloramphenicol-induced aplastic anemia is well described in the literature following oral use of the drug. Here we describe the first case we are aware of in which chloramphenicol eye ointment resulted in severe aplastic anemia and, subsequently, death. At least two cases of marrow hypoplasia following use of chloramphenicol eyedrops have been described previously in the literature. The absorption route, its possible relation to the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia, and the two types of marrow toxicity associated with chloramphenicol are reviewed. This case emphasizes the necessity for the same careful consideration for the use of topical preparations that one affords the use of parenterally and orally administered medications. PMID- 7362399 TI - Causes of hypothermia. PMID- 7362400 TI - Another look at the 'ideal' serum cholesterol level? PMID- 7362401 TI - KX null and the Mcleod phenotype. PMID- 7362402 TI - Sudden appearance of tophaceous gout in a woman with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7362405 TI - Sea-blue histiocytosis: a new cause of malabsorption syndrome? PMID- 7362404 TI - Histiocytic medullary reticulosis. PMID- 7362403 TI - Primary hypothyroidism misdiagnosed as combined hypothalamic hypothyroidism and secondary adrenal insufficiency. PMID- 7362406 TI - Complete dehiscence of sternum after cardiac surgery. PMID- 7362407 TI - [Clinical study on acute occlusive arterial disease of the upper extremity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7362409 TI - Holoprosencephaly with severe hydrocephalus. PMID- 7362408 TI - [Surgical management of radiation enterocolitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7362410 TI - Radial nerve paralysis caused by drug injection--report of two cases. PMID- 7362411 TI - Experimental and clinical studies on the operative treatment of sliding esophageal hiatal hernia. PMID- 7362412 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on cortical and subarachoidal application of antibiotics--an electroencephalographical investigation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7362413 TI - [Experimental studies on gallstone formation after partial ileal bypass operation. (II) Effects of partial ileal bypass operation on biliary lipids and enterophepatic circulation of bile acids in hamsters (author's transl)]. PMID- 7362414 TI - Improvement of depression by REM sleep deprivation. New findings and a theory. AB - We compared sleep variables in 14 drug-free endogenous depressives and in 14 age- and insomnia-matched, nondepressed controls before and after brief rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation by awakenings. Before REM sleep deprivation, compared with controls, depressives had lower REM latency, higher REM frequency, and--a new finding--an abnormal temporal distribution of REM sleep. Depression improvement by REM sleep deprivation correlated with the ameliorative effect of brief REM sleep deprivation on on indicator of the abnormal temporal distribution of REM sleep. Several findings suggest that the depressive abnormalities represent a "damaged," weakened sleep cycle "oscillator" and its correlate, a circadian rhythm disturbance, and that REM sleep deprivation improved depression to the extent that it stimulated the oscillator and corrected one manifestation of the circadian rhythm disturbance. PMID- 7362415 TI - Urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol circadian rhythm. Early timing (phase advance) in manic-depressives compared with normal subjects. AB - Twenty-four-hour (circadian) rhythms in urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) excretion, motor activity, and oral temperature were studied in 14 normal subjects and ten manic-depressive patients. In both groups, a daily rhythm in MHPG excretion was present, with daytime peaks and nighttime lows. This pattern of urinary MHPG excretion may reflect a rhythm in central noradrenergic function. The physiological changes in levels of MHPG excretion associated with the circadian rhythm were at least as great as pathological changes associated with manic-depressive illness. Compared with controls, the timing or phase of circadian rhythms in each variable was one to three hours earlier in the patients, whether depressed or manic. Although the presence of circadian rhythms complicates the task of designing clinical research procedures, their early timing in manic-depressives suggests that disturbances in central biological clocks may be an integral part of the pathophysiology of affective illness and may be related to disturbances of sleep and neuroendocrine function associated with depression. PMID- 7362416 TI - Focusing on dreams. A preparation program for psychotherapy. AB - Forty-eight patients selected as potential early dropouts from insight-oriented psychotherapy were offered a two-week program to prepare them for treatment. Thirty-two were sleep-monitored for eight nights; half were given access to their dreams by awakening them from rapid eye movement (REM) sleep periods; the other half were awakened as often, but only from non-FEM (NREM) stages. A third group of 16 subjects went directly into treatment. All laboratory subjects were asked each morning to recall and discuss the reports they had given during the night. The effect of these discussions was measured on the drop-out rate during the first ten treatment hours and on the development of treatment-appropriate behaviors. Those who successfully retrieved and discussed dreams as opposed to other content stayed in therapy at a significantly higher rate and used the hours more productively. PMID- 7362417 TI - Organic brain syndrome and aging. A six-year follow-up of surviving twins. AB - The development of organic brain syndrome (OBS) was studied in a small group of survivors from a longitudinal investigation of aging twins. At the time of initial evaluation, the frequency of moderate to severe OBS was 25%. Among the 22 survivors who had a second psychiatric evaluation after approximately six years, the corrected rate for the development of OBS among those without it at the initial examination was 16%. Thus, the vast majority of those diagnosed as being without OBS at about the age of 80 years remained asymptomatic in subsequent years, supporting the view that OBS is not a necessary concomitant of old age, but the result of disease for which prevention and cure should be sought. Persons originally diagnosed as having OBS had the higher mortality, an observation in accord with prior reports in the literature. In the present study, the increased mortality was related to the severity of OBS but apparently independent of coexisting physical illness, again supporting the argument that OBS represents pathological as distinct from physiological aging. PMID- 7362418 TI - Dopamine beta-hydroxylase in CSF. Relationship to personality measures. AB - Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine, was measured in the CSF of 32 subjects. Those individuals with a low level of DBH in the CSF had significantly elevated profiles on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, suggesting a relationship between the central noradrenergic system and some aspects of personality in man. PMID- 7362419 TI - Single-dose kinetics predict steady-state concentrations on imipramine and desipramine. AB - Single-dose prediction of ultimate steady-state concentrations of tricyclic antidepressants at the outset of treatment can be a valuable therapeutic tool that has had only limited application. We demonstrate accurate steady-state predictions following both the tertiary amine, imipramine hydrochloride, and the secondary amine, desipramine hydrochloride, in a carefully monitored long-term treatment patient population. Results show that long-term treatment does not alter metabolism of either imipramine or desipramine. The relative merits of single-dose predictions using total and "abbreviated" areas under the curve and concentration at 24 hours are compared. These findings demonstrate that single dose prediction can be used as a practical therapeutic, as well as, research tool. PMID- 7362420 TI - Skeletal muscle MAO activity in the major psychoses. Relationship with platelet and plasma MAO activities. AB - The skeletal muscle MAO activity of schizophrenics and patients with bipolar and unipolar affective psychoses was lower than that of normal controls. Both platelet and plasma MAO activity was significantly lower in the schizophrenics and patients with undiagnosed psychoses than in the normal controls. Platelet and plasma MAO activities were not correlated with skeletal muscle MAO activity. Both human platelet and skeletal muscle MAO are type B MAO and have similar kinetic constants. The decrease in skeletal muscle MAO activity in various types of psychotic patients is consistent with previous suggestions based on platelet studies that low MAO activity may be a nonspecific factor contributing to the development of different forms of psychopathology. Since total skeletal muscle MAO activity is the largest source of MAO in the body, it is possible that the decrease in muscle MAO activity may lead to excessive quantities of biogenic amines that could adversely affect neural activity. PMID- 7362421 TI - Psychiatric vulnerability, monoamine oxidase, and the average evoked potential. AB - College students in two separate studies had platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity determinations and average evoked potential (AEP) measurements taken. On the basis of Minnesota Muliphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) or Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) evaluations, psychopathology, particularly affective disorder, was found to be more prevalent among both persons with the combination of low MAO activity and AEP augmenting and those with high MAO activity and AEP reducing. The same pattern is apparent whether students were selected for extremely high or low MAO activity (study 1) or for elevated or normal MMPI scores (study 2). Some psychiatric patient groups also show this pattern. An interactive model of sensation-seeking and sensory inhibition is presented. PMID- 7362422 TI - Cross-species and cross-cultural contributions to understanding homosexual activity. AB - Some forms of homosexual activity are widespread if not ubiquitous among studied mammals, occur invariably in all reported subhuman primates, and are present in most human cultures. Homo sapiens is the only species, however, in which adult preferential or obligatory homosexuality occurs naturally. Existing cross-species and cross-cultural reports are reviewed from behavioral, physiological, and evolutionary perspectives with a view toward clarifying the role of homosexual behavior in species interactions. The data suggest that preferential or obligatory homosexuality in adulthood, in the presence of available and receptive heterosexual partners, is qualitatively rather than quantitatively distinct from all other manifestations of homosexual activity, and that quantitative incidence rating scales obscure meaningful understanding of this dimension of homosexual behavior. PMID- 7362423 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity and schizophrenia. PMID- 7362424 TI - Lithium: a brake in the rising cost of mental illness. AB - Lithium has been extraordinarily successful in the treatment of manic-depression. To compute the economic impact of that success on the United States, an estimate of the cost of care for manic-depression before lithium was introduced was compared with cost estimates after lithium. Economic gains in production were also calculated. Assumptions and exclusions err on the conservative side so that estimates, if inaccurate, are low. The use of lithium as a treatment for manic depression has saved +2.88 billion in ten years and resulted in a +1.28 billion gain in production, or a conservative total of over +4 billion. PMID- 7362425 TI - Alternative to mental hospital treatment. I. Conceptual model, treatment program, and clinical evaluation. AB - A conceptual model for the development of community-based treatment programs for the chronically disabled psychiatric patient was developed, and the results of a controlled study and follow-up are reported. A community-treatment program that was based on the conceptual model was compared with conventional treatment (ie, progressive short-term hospitalization plus aftercare). The results have shown that use of the community program for 14 months greatly reduced the need to hospitalize patients and enhanced the community tenure and adjustment of the experimental patients. When the special programming was discontinued, many of the gains that were attained deteriorated, and use of the hospital rose sharply. The results suggest that community programming should be comprehensive and ongoing. PMID- 7362426 TI - Alternative to mental hospital treatment. III. Social cost. AB - Much concern has been expressed over the possible burden placed on family and community members by programs that emphasize community treatment of severely disturbed patients. In this study, the social costs of an experimental in community program were compared with those of a traditional approach using short term hospitalization plus aftercare. Six objective and one subjective measures of the burden placed on the family members of patients in both groups were obtained. Community burden was assessed through police records of frequency of patient arrests, number of suicidal gestures that required medical attention, and frequency of emergency room use. All measures showed that the total in-community program resulted in no more burden on the family or community than the traditional approach. The large amount of support provided to patients, families, and community members in the experimental approach is emphasized in explaining these results. PMID- 7362427 TI - Home vs hospital care of children with behavior disorders. A controlled investigation. AB - A controlled investigation was conducted to assess and compare the treatment outcomes of community and hospital care for children with behavior disorders. Findings showed that (1) community care was effective with regard to behavioral control, and (2) both treatments were comparable concerning educational achievement, parent role function, family adjustment, and parent satisfaction with treatment. It was noted that many severely disturbed children who are in dire socioeconomic predicaments can be maintained in the community with special care and intervention. PMID- 7362428 TI - Psychiatric disorders in children with speech and langauge retardation. Factors associated with development. AB - One hundred children (mean age, 5 to 6 years) who were seen consecutively at a suburban speech and hearing clinic were systematically evaluated for speech and language disorders and psychiatric disorders. Fifty-three were found to have a psychiatric illness. The three groups were compared with the psychiatrically well group to ascertain factors associated with the presence of a psychiatric disorder. Significantly differentiating the ill group were more academic and classroom behavior problems and the presence of both speech and language problems. The two groups were not significantly different in intellectual retardation, hearing impairment, medical factors, nonlanguage development disorders, and a variety of family and demographic factors. Common in both groups were psychiatric illness in parents and first-degree relatives. The data indicate that children with speech and langauge disorders are highly at risk for the development of significant psychiatric problems, which suggests the need for proper screening and multimodal treatment planning. PMID- 7362430 TI - Adaptation problems of Vietnamese refugees. II. Life changes and perception of life events. AB - The Vietnamese refugees have encountered a multitude of acute psychological, social, cultural, economic, and political upheavals. This study documents the Vietnamese perceptions of the life events that have swirled about them as well as the occurrences of these life events. Questionnaires were administered in 1975 and 1976 as part of an ongoing study. The expected high amount of life change in the year of the evacuation and resettlement (1975) continued into the following year (1976). Financial, life-style, work, spouse, and schooling problems continued to plague them and were increased in the second year. There was a positive correlation between life change and health status. The Vietnamese rank ordered the impact of life events in a fashion similar to the Americans, but there were differences in mean magnitude estimations. Substantial reductions in magnitude estimations at second administration of the Social Readjustment Rating Questionnaire indicated a change in the situational perception set with time. PMID- 7362429 TI - Self-concept changes related to war captivity. AB - A questionnaire was mailed to all US Air Force repatriated prisoners of the Vietnam was (POWs) still on active duty, and to matched controls, in the fall of 1976. Results were analyzed to determine long-term consequences of the war imprisonment experience. We hypothesized that individuals experiencing the greatest stress and frustration might believe they gained more psychologically than those less stressed. The questionnaire results indicated a distinct subgroup of POWs for which this was particularly true, although the subjective sense of feeling somehow "benefited" by the experience was by no means universal. This study supports the hypothesis that the subjective sense of having benefited from the experience of war imprisonment is positively correlated with the harshness of the experience. PMID- 7362431 TI - Cultural determinants of achievement, aggression, and psychological distress. AB - We present a cross-cultural exploration of the interrelationships among six concepts: achievement (ie, cultural attainment), aggression, psychological distress, competition, interpersonal intensity (strength of passionate attachments), and social synergy (patterned behavior that simultaneously benefits both individual and society). Of interest is the proposition that levels of achievement, aggression, and psychological distress are partly determined by corresponding levels of competition and interpersonal intensity; however, in the presence of high levels of social synergy, aggression and psychological distress are lowered without affecting the level of achievement. We have tested the implied linear relationships, using blind ratings (of five variables assessed from ethnographic extracts) obtained from ten cross-cultural scholars, and a Social Development Index (from Tatje and Naroll) to indicate achievement. A sample of 58 societies was employed in correlation and multivariate analysis of variance. PMID- 7362432 TI - Group therapy with blind diabetics. AB - In a short-term therapy group for adult diabetics who were going blind, the issues most frequently raised concerned diabetic control, complications (including fear of death and retinopathy), rehabilitation, relationship with others, and group awareness. The meetings helped participants understand and accept their condition and begin rehabilitation. "Limbo" as an important and difficult experience is elucidated. We make recommendations for implementing these findings with other newly blind patients. PMID- 7362433 TI - Predicting the outcome of psychotherapy. findings of the Penn Psychotherapy Project. AB - Our study of predictability of outcomes of psychotherapy used predictions of two kinds: (1) direct predictions by patients, therapists, and clinical observers; and (2) predictive measures derived from the same sources. Seventy-three nonpsychotic patients were treated in psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy (mean, 44 sessions). Two thirds of the therapists were residents in psychiatry; one third were more experienced. The two main composite outcome measures, measured at termination, were Raw Gain (residualized) and Rated Benefits, which intercorrelated at .76. Most patients improved and showed a considerable range of benefits. The clinical observers' direct predictions of Rated Benefits were highest (.27, P less than 905). The success of the predictive measures were generally insignificant, and the best of them were in the .2 to .3 range meaning that only 5% to 10% of the outcome variance was predicted. The Prognostic Index Interview variables did the best (eg, emotional freedom composite, .30; a crossvalidation for 30 patients was .39 (P less than .05). Neither the therapist measures nor the early psychotherapy session measures predicted significantly. Reanalysis of the similar Chicago Counseling Center study, in our terms, showed a similar low level of prediction success, eg, adequacy of functioning, marital status match, and length of treatment predicted significantly in both studies. PMID- 7362434 TI - "Undiagnosed" patients. PMID- 7362435 TI - Recall and reporting of life events. PMID- 7362436 TI - Sibling sex ratio and male homosexuality. AB - As an explanation for the increased sex ratio observed in the sibships of male homosexuals, Slater has hypothesized that the increase, itself, may be a causative factor in predisposing a male to homosexual behavior. As a test of this hypothesis, an additive and a multiplicative risk model relating male homosexuality to the sexual configuration of the homosexual's sibship were formulated and tested against published data. Both models were found to predict a curvilinear decrease in sibling sex ratio as sibship size increased, and both models were found to fit the observed sibship size sex ratio data closely. The analysis suggests that approximately 10% of the variance in male homosexual behavior can be accounted for by the sexual configuration of the homosexual's sibship. PMID- 7362437 TI - Questioning current definitions of gender identity: implications of the Bem Sex Role Inventory for transsexuals. AB - To examine the relationship between sex role and gender identity, the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) was given to 72 self-defined transsexuals [55 male-to female (M-F), 17 female-to-male (F-M)]. The F-Ms scored primarily masculine sex typed (six) or androgynous (six). The modal M-F scored faminine sex typed (33). The distribution of F-Ms across the four BSRI categories did not differ significantly from Bem's normative college student male distribution [chi2(3) = 2.30, p greater than 0.50] but was marginally different from that of Bem's females [chi2(3) = 6.45, p less than 0.10]. The distribution of M-Fs was significantly different from that of both college females [chi2(3) = 19.71, p less than 0.001] and males [chi2 (3) = 88.72, p less than 0.0001], because of the very high proportion of feminine sex-typed M-Fs. Psychometric data on the BSRI are presented. The score patterns of the transsexuals are compared to those from the clinical literature, and implications of the data for the relationship between gender identity and sex role are discussed. PMID- 7362438 TI - Personality correlates of sexual behavior in black woemn. AB - Black women (N = 35) were asked via questionnaires to provide information about various aspects of their sexual behavior (e.g., orgasm consistency, clitoral vaginal preferences, intercourse frequency, and masturbation). They also responded to the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, to a measure of attitudes toward their parents, and to a measure of their preferences for external and internal sources of stimulation. The sexual behavior of the blacks was generally more similar to than different from that of female white controls. Furthermore, a number of correlations between sexual response patterns and personality and attitudinal measures that were previously found in white women were duplicated in the black women. However, there were also previous correlations that were not duplicated. Overall, the results for the black women paralleled those for white women. PMID- 7362439 TI - Sex education: evaluation and recommendations for future study. AB - This article briefly outlines the current rationale, goals, and scope of sex education programs. The available research on the effectiveness of these programs is reviewed. A majority of the program evaluation studies in sex education suffer from poor research design. Often no formal outcome assessment has been undertaken. However, the information available largely supports the notion that sex education can produce certain beneficial results, specifically in the areas of attitude, experience, and knowledge change. Recommendations for future research stress the need for more rigorous outcome evaluation, long-term follow up, comparison of differing methods, and more detailed subjective evaluations. Of special note is that despite the fact that sex education is purported to be a preventive approach by most theorists in the area, prevention-oriented outcome assessments are conspicuously absent in the literature. PMID- 7362440 TI - Attitudes and behavior of college students relative to oral-genital sexuality. AB - A survey was conducted to determine college students' attitudes toward and behavior relative to oral-genital sexuality. Information concerning attitude and behavior was elicited through the use of an equal-interval attitude scale and a behavior inventory. Responses from 91 students were analyzed. Results of the study indicated that more favorable attitudes toward oral-genital sexuality were expressed by students who had participated in the specific behavior and by students who had experienced sexual intercourse. Attitude toward receiving oral genital contact was found to be dependent on church attendance. Men were more likely than women to have received oral-genital contact, and students who had participated in sexual intercourse were more likely to have both administered and received oral-genital contact. Receiving oral-genital contact was dependent on church attendance. Women were more likely than men to require love as a prerequisite for their participation in oral-genital contact. PMID- 7362441 TI - Male sexual dysfunction associated with coronary heart disease. AB - A pilot study of 18 males (age range 38-68) hospitalized for an acute myocardial infarction (MI) revealed that 44% were impotent and 28% had had premature ejaculation prior to the MI. A subsequent research project is the basis of this article. During a 10-month period, 131 male patients (age range 31-86), while hospitalized for an acute MI, were interviewed about their pre-MI sexual functioning. Two-thirds of the males had--by their own definition--a significant sexual problem. Among the sexually dysfunctional group, 64% were impotent, 28% had a significant (greater than 50%) decrease in sexual frequency, and 8% had premature ejaculation. No adverse side effects occurred from a detailed sexual history being taken while the male was recovering from an acute MI. One implication for cardiac rehabilitation is that returning to the pre-MI level of sexual functioning is not enough. PMID- 7362442 TI - Total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation in secondary hyperparathyroidism. AB - Sixteen patients with chronic renal failure and symptomatic secondary hyperparathyroidism underwent total parathyroidectomy. Sixteen to 25 fragments of parathyroid tissue measuring 1 cu mm were autotransplanted into the brachioradial muscle. Evidence of "take" of the autotransplant was present in all patients, although four patients still have hypocalcemia and require calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Three patients have experienced late diminution of autotransplant function. Symptomatic improvement occurred promptly in 15 of the 16 patients. Two patients with persistently elevated parathormone levels were treated by partial excision of the implant, and one patient whose autograft functioned inadequately was successfully treated by implantation of cryopreserved autologous parathyroid tissue. Total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation of parathyroid fragments to the forearm is the preferred surgical procedure for secondary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7362443 TI - Pheochromocytoma. A persistently problematic and still potentially lethal disease. AB - Fifty patients with pheochromocytomas have had their conditions diagnosed and have been treated by these authors during a 13-year peneod. Three patients died in the postoperative period, for an overall mortality of 6%. Thirty-two patients underwent primary excision without fatality. Eighteen patients had more complicated illnesses associated with recurrences, notable other disease, acute catecholamine crisis, and/or pregnancy. All three postoperative deaths occurred in this group. Diagnosis was made by urinary catecholamine analysis of epinephrine, norepinephrine, metanephrine, and normetanephrine. Localization was done by plain films, ultrasonograms, computerized tomograms, radioactive isotope scans, intravenous pyelograms, caval samples, venograms, and arteriograms. Management of these complicated cases requires prompt and accurate diagnosis, availability of sophisticated methods of tumor localization, and thoughtful awareness of the potential outcome by an experienced team of surgeons and anesthesiologists. PMID- 7362445 TI - 'Secondary' operative staging of patients with lymphoma. AB - Secondary operative staging (diagnostic celiotomy after initial lymphoma staging and treatment) is of value in selected patients with Hodgkin's disease if, after appropriate clinical staging, there remains a reasonable doubt concerning the presence of residual or recurrent lymphoma. In our experience, although signs indicating possible recurrence were present in 35 patients, only 20 of these were found to have Hodgkin's disease within the abdomen at operation. These findings allowed us to restrict our intensive therapy to those with documented disease and to withhold potentially harmful treatment from the remaining subjects who on follow-up have shown no evidence to date of subsequent recurrence within the abdomen. The utilization of secondary operative staging in ten patients with non Hodgkin's lymphoma has been less productive and is not recommended on the basis of our limited current experience. PMID- 7362444 TI - Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Retrospective review was undertaken of 137 patients with occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid (lesions less than or equal to 1.5 cm in diameter) who were operated on at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, between 1926 and 1955. Mean follow-up period was 25.3 years. Operations were conservative. No patient underwent bilateral total lobectomy. For 55 patients with lymph node involvement, lymphadenectomy generally involved selective node excision or modified neck dissection. Subsequent surgery was required in 12 patients; modified radical neck dissection was necessary in only four. No operative deaths occurred. Long-term follow-up showed that all patients were alive and without disease or were dead without proof of thyroid-related disease. Thus, occult papillary thyroid carcinoma with or without nodal metastasis is a nonlethal and curable disease when treated by conservative surgical means. Radical surgical or medical extirpation of all thyroid tissue is unnecessary in the treatment of this disease. PMID- 7362446 TI - Pseudomyxoma peritonei. AB - Thirty-eight patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei were treated at the M. D. Anderson Hospital, Houston, from 1954 to 1978. The various treatment regimens used have provided actuarial survival rates of 54% at five years and 18% at ten years. Local or regional disease was the cause of death in 68% of patients, and no patient died of metastatic disease. Initial definitive surgery should consist of effective tumor reduction, omentectomy, appendectomy, and, in the female subject, bilateral oophorectomy. Most patients have been treated adjunctively with either fluorouracil or melphalan (L-phenylalanine mustard) depending on the presumed site of origin, but results in a small number of patients treated with either whole abdominal or strip abdominal radiotherapy suggest that this modality may offer improved survival. Treatment with adjunctive radiotherapy alone has provided a five-year survival rate of 75%, compared with 44% for chemotherapy. PMID- 7362447 TI - Evaluation of bone scan in preoperative clinical staging of breast cancer. AB - Two hundred and thirty-five patients underwent a bone scan prior to, or within two weeks of, instituting surgical treatment for cancer of the breast. These patients were staged clinically according to the TNM classification. There were three patients with abnormal bone scans of a total of 173 patients in clinical stages I and II; none of 86 patients had stage I disease and only three of 87 patients had stage II disease. The conclusion from the study is that routine preoperative bone scans are of no value for staging purposes in patients with clinical stage I disease. In clinical stage II, bone scans are difficult to justify, considering the low yield (3.4%) and the cost per abnormal scan. PMID- 7362448 TI - The use of thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of pleural disease. AB - Seventeen patients (ten male and seven female) between the ages of 21 and 76 years underwent thoracoscopy from 1976 through 1978 by the Stanford University University Thoracic Surgical Service. There was no morbidity or mortality. This technique was used when other conventional methods such as thoracentesis and pleural biopsy failed to obtain a diagnosis of suspected thoracic pathology. Thoracoscopy was diagnostic in 16 of 17 cases. The diagnosis of malignancy was made in 11 cases, whereas benign disease was found in the remaining six cases. Of the latter group, there was one false-negative result, which on subsequent thoracotomy was diagnosed as recurrent Hodgkin's disease. The current revival of thoracoscopy as a diagnostic entity is proving to be very valuable in the evaluation of thoracic disease. An increased awareness of the tool and its use should decrease the number of major thoracotomy procedures. PMID- 7362449 TI - The surgical management of duodenal trauma. Precepts based on a review of 247 cases. AB - The lethal potential of duodenal trauma relates to the severity of the defect, associated injuries, and the adequacy and expedience of treatment. We studied 247 patients whose injuries were managed at a single institution during an 18-year period. Emphasis was placed on complications directly related to the duodenal wound and the selection of operative repair. Repairs consisted of duodenorrhaphy in 190 patients (83%) and more complex procedures in 33 (13%). Death resulted from the duodenal injury in nine patients (4%) and fistula developed in 16 (7%). Factors associated with an increase in the morbid potential of the duodenal wound were (1) missile or blunt injury, or a defect larger than 75% of the circumference; (2) injury of the first or second portion; (3) an injury-operation delay of more than 24 hours; and (4) adjacent common bile duct injury. These factors require consideration in the selection of the operative repair. PMID- 7362450 TI - Peritoneal lavage. Its unreliability in gunshot wounds of the lower chest and abdomen. AB - The accuracy of peritoneal lavage in patients with gunshot wounds has not been previously reported. A prospective study comprised of 168 patients was designed to determine the reliability of physical examination and peritoneal lavage. Patients sustaining gunshot wounds to the lower chest and abdomen underwent clinical assessment followed up by lavage prior to operation. There was 20.2% false-negative and 15.9% false-positive physical examination results. Of the patients. 25.4% with a false-negative lavage results had a positive celiotomy. Six of 15 patients with false-negative lavage results had RBC counts less than 1,000/cu mm. Gunshot wounds differ from stab wounds because of the unpredictable trajectory, blast effect, and high likelihood of visceral injury. It can be concluded from this study that because of the inconsistent results of both lavage and physical examination, patients who sustain gunshot wounds are best treated by exploratory celiotomy. PMID- 7362452 TI - Changing indications for splenectomy. 30 years' experience. AB - During the last three decades, 2,4117 splenectomies have been performed at The Ohio State University Hospital. Indications for splenectomy include hypersplenism, incidental to other abdominal procedures, trauma, Hodgkin's staging, and other splenic disease. Hodgkin's staging has become the most frequent indication for splenectomy during the past five years, whereas splenectomy for hypersplenism has decreased. Thrombocytosis (platelet counts greater than 400,000/cu mm) was observed in 47% of all patients. Ninety-three percent of all thromboembolic complications occurred in this group. The overall morbidity of 39% has been decreased to 15% during the last five years. In hospital mortality has decreased from 9.5% to 6%. Incidental splenectomy, even for benign disease, continues to be associated with complications and death. PMID- 7362451 TI - Plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, and thyroid hormone interactions in severely burned patients. AB - In this prospective study of thyroid catecholamine interactions, 15 severely burned patients were divided into two groups. Nine patients receiving 200 micrograms/day of triiodothyronine constituted the T3-treated group. Eight additional patients constituted the untreated group. Mean serum concentrations of T3 were significantly lower in the untreated group than in the treated group. Mean serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations were significantly higher in the untreated group than in the treated group. The mean plasma norepinephrine concentration in the untreated group was significantly greater than that of the treated group. In the untreated group, log plasma norepinephrine correlated inversely with serum T3. Similarly, in the untreated group, log plasma epinephrine correlated inversely with serum T3. Metabolic rates were not different between groups. These data suggest that a reciprocal relationship exists between plasma concentration of T3 and both norepinephrine and epinephrine in untreated burn patients and that treatment with the metabolically active hormone, triiodothyronine, does not alter the level of hypermetabolism accompanying thermal injury. PMID- 7362453 TI - Colostomy complications in children. An analysis of 146 cases. AB - This report analyzes the course of 146 pediatric patients with colostomies in reference to problems with colostomy formation, management, and subsequent closure. Colostomy was performed predominantly for Hirschsprung's disease (70 cases) and imperforate anus (46 cases). A transverse colostomy was done in 120 patients (82%), and a sigmoid colostomy in the remaining patients. Loop colostomies were five times more frequent than divided colostomies. Early major complications occurred in 24 patients (16%). Stomal complications occurred in 69 patients and were more frequent after loop colostomies. Colostomy revision was required in 24 cases. Sigmoid colostomy had a significantly lower complication rate (P less than .01). One hundred nine patients underwent colostomy closure. Major complications occurred in 16 cases (15%). There were no deaths related to colostomy closure. The use of a sigmoid colostomy when possible and close attention to technical details, principles of stomal care, and proper parental instruction should minimize morbidity. PMID- 7362454 TI - Rectal cancer following colectomy for polyposis. AB - Reevaluation of 178 patients treated for multiple colonic polyposis by abdominal colectomy and restoration of bowel continuity confirmed that patients with both rectal and colonic polyps are at substantial risk of having rectal cancer develop postoperatively. Rectal cancer has not occurred in any of 35 patients who had no rectal polyps preoperatively. However, 46 (32%) of 143 patients with multiple colorectal polyposis have had cancer develop during a median follow-up of nearly 20 years. Multivariate analysis showed a highly significant association between the number of rectal polyps present preoperatively and decreased survivorship free of rectal cancer (P less than .001), and a strong correlation between the presence of cancer in the resected colon and subsequent development of rectal carcinoma (P less than .01). No correlation could be established between low anastomosis and prevention of rectal carcinoma. The risk of cancer developing in the retained segment of large bowel can be established only by extended postoperative observation. PMID- 7362455 TI - Healing of the perineal wound. AB - The operative management of the perineal wound of 100 consecutive patients undergoing abdominoperineal resection or total proctocolectomy was readily divided into four categories: (1) left open with simple packing, (2) closed primarily with simple drainage (Penrose or red rubber), (3) closed primarily with suction drainage (airtight and watertight), or (4) closed primarily with suction drainage plus continuous irrigation. At three weeks, none of the open wounds, 11% of those closed with simple drainage, 48% closed with suction, and 60% of those closed with suction plus irrigation were healed. By three months, the cumulative figures were 20%, 44%, 88%, and 87%, respectively, and at one year, 92%, 77%, 95%, and 97%. No difference was found between the wounds closed with suction and those closed with suction plus irrigation. There was a highly significant difference in the rate of wound healing when the wounds closed with suction alone or with irrigation were compared with those left open or closed with simple drainage. At three months, the former wounds were healed in 88% of the patients, and the latter in only 30%. The method of choice of management of the perineal wound appears to be that of primary closure with immediate suction drainage with or without concomitant irrigation. PMID- 7362456 TI - Recurrent transient ischemic attacks after carotid endarterectomy. AB - The postoperative courses of 113 patients undergoing 121 carotid endarterectomies between 1974 and 1979 were analyzed for recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). The TIAs were the indication for the original operation in all patients; 31 patients had a stable neurologic deficit prior to operation. Two patients sustained major strokes and three had nondisabling minor strokes. Three patients had late strokes. Recurrent TIAs occurred during follow-up in 28 patients, and these were classified into four distinct categories: (1) Ten patients had single TIAs in the distribution of the carotid artery operated on in the early postoperative days. (2) Four patients had late, repetitive TIAs related to the operated side. (3) Five patients had late TIAs in the distribution of the contralateral artery. (4) Nine patients had single or multiple TIAs owing to recurrent vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Close, long-term follow-up of postendarterectomy patients is recommended to locate those who will have surgically correctable lesions. PMID- 7362457 TI - Primary repair vs ligation for carotid artery injuries. AB - The morbidity and mortality of carotid arterial injuries in 36 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Primary repair was achieved in 31 patients; nine patients had a stroke postoperatively and five died. Five patients were treated with ligation; three had a stroke postoperatively, but all survived. Postoperative stroke and mortality correlated best with neurological deficit on administration. Patients in shock or with absent arterial flow were also more likely to have postoperative stroke. Twenty-two patients were normal neurologically on admission; all were normal postoperatively and all survived. Five patients were admitted unconscious in severe shock, precluding accurate neurological evaluation; two were normal following repair and three had stroke. Nine patients had a stroke or coma on admission; all nine had postoperative stroke and five died. Autopsy disclosed bilateral cerebral edema in two patients, cerebral edema and ipsilateral ischemic infarction in two patients, and cerebral edema with bilateral necrosis in one patient. No patient had hemorrhagic infarction. On the basis of these findings, carotid artery repair is recommended in all patients who are not comatose, have stable vital signs, and have technically reparable injuries. PMID- 7362459 TI - Splanchnic arteriosclerotic disease and intestinal angina. AB - Twenty-three patients (13 women and ten men, 33 to 73 years old) underwent reconstruction of 33 major splanchnic arteries for relief of symptomatic intestinal ischemia. All patients experienced postprandial abdominal pain and lost weight (average, 12.8 kg). Arterial reconstructions (32 bypass procedures and one endarterectomy with patch-graft arterioplasty) were undertaken with both autogenous saphenous vein (24) and prosthetic condults (nine). Revascularizations involved the superior mesenteric (21), celiac (five), hepatic (four), splenic (two), and inferior mesenteric (one) arteries. There were four postoperative deaths; three occurred after emergent secondary attempts at intestinal revascularization. All of the 19 patients who survived benefited from operative intervention. PMID- 7362458 TI - Surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension. Long-term follow-up of 216 patients up to 20 years. AB - During a period of 20 years, 216 patients between the ages of 19 and 76 years underwent renal artery reconstruction for correction of renovascular hypertension. Reconstruction was bilateral in 18% of the patients. A transperitoneal approach was used in all cases. The most commonly used reconstructions were aortoneal bypass in 43% of the patients, thromboendarterectomy with primary closure or patch in 26%, and nephrectomy in 11%. There were 13 late nephrectomies. There was no operative mortality. Postoperatively, blood pressure was normal in 85% of the patients, improved in 11% and unchanged in 2%. Follow-up was one to 20 years. Actuarial survival at five years was 93%, at ten years 80%, and at 20 years 70%. Normal blood pressure was present at five years in 81% of the survivors, at ten years in 77%, and at 15 years in 74%. The results indicate the excellent long-term results of renovascular reconstruction for renovascular hypertension in appropriate patients. PMID- 7362460 TI - Clinical significance of arteriosclerotic femoral artery aneurysms. AB - One hundred seventy-two arteriosclerotic femoral artery aneurysms in 100 male patients, 47 to 91 years old, were evaluated. They were bilateral in 72% of the patients, and were associated with aortoiliac aneurysmal disease in 85% and with popilteal artery aneurysms in 44%. Femoral artery aneurysms were asymptomatic in 40 patients. Thirteen patients with thromboembolic episodes and two with rupture had ischemic limbs. Thirty-eight patients underwent primary operation for 50 femoral aneurysms, including 36 lower extremity arterial reconstructions, ten aortofemoral bypasses, one arterial ligation, and three amputations. Two operative deaths occurred, both associated with concomitant aortic surgery. Only three of 105 aneurysms in 58 patients followed nonoperatively were associated with later major limb-threatening complications. The low complication rate attending small, bland aneurysms justified nonoperative management. Large or symptomatic aneurysms warrant early operative intervention. PMID- 7362462 TI - Automated data management for clinicians. A low-cost approach. AB - A self-instructional general purpose clinical data management system using a low cost microcomputer has been developed specifically for use by clinicians not famililar with computers. The system was designed to resemble the traditional manual method of data analysis, while the time-consuming and repetitive procedures intrinsic to the manual method have been replaced by automation. This system has been used to analyze a variety of clinical problems, including patient chart review, collation of laboratory research data, initiating a vascular registry, and calculations with trending of physiological and laboratory data in the intensive care unit. User acceptance has been uniformly positive. PMID- 7362461 TI - Management of polytetrafluoroethylene graft occlusions. AB - Forty-two femoropopliteal-tibial bypass grafts were performed in 37 patients. Autogenous vein was used in 15, a composite polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-vein in 15, and PTFE in 12. Two vein grafts occluded acutely because of veins of inadequate size. Three acute occlusions of PTFE grafts were due to primary thrombosis. Whereas no late vein graft occlusions have occurred, eight of 17 composite and eight of 12 PTFE grafts have subsequently occluded. Satisfactory vein grafts do not commonly occlude unless inadequate inflow or outflow exists. Contrariwise, PTFE grafts have an inherent risk of both early and late thrombosis. Therefore, repeated thrombectomy, may be required to maintain PTFE graft patency. Seventeen thrombectomies or revisions of PTFE or composite grafts in 12 limbs have resulted in seven patent grafts, thus underlining the value of this aggressive surgical approach. Composite grafts offer little advantage over PTFE grafts. The role of anticoagulation has yet to be established. PMID- 7362463 TI - Remedial operation for alkaline reflux gastritis and associated postgastrectomy syndromes. AB - Alkaline reflux gastritis is being recognized with increasing frequency after operations that ablate the pylorus as a true sphincter. Medical management is generally ineffective for patients with severe reflux gastritis, but Roux-en-Y diversion of bile and of pancreatic and intestinal secretions provides gratifying results. We studied 100 patients who underwent remedial operation. Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy or Tanner's vs Roux-19 procedure gave good to excellent results in most of the 73 patients followed up for from one to six years. Reflux gastritis can occur in association with other postgastrectomy disorders. Fifteen patients with reflux gastritis also had severe dumping or postvagotomy diarrhea. Good to excellent results were obtained in most of these patients by Roux-en-Y diversion combined with an antiperistaltic jejunal segment. PMID- 7362464 TI - Stomal ulcers after gastric bypass. AB - Introduction of gastric bypass as treatment for morbid obesity in 1966 caused over its ulcerogenic potential as an antral exclusion procedure. However, in only 20 of our 653 patients has marginal ulceration developed. Predominant symptoms were epigastric pain, occult gastrointestinal bleeding, and vomiting. Barium contrast roentgenography was as diagnostically accurate as endoscopy in these lesions. Objective measurement ensuring creation of a gastric reservoir of 50 mL maximum size reduced the incidence of marginal ulcer from 3.8% to 0.98%. Upper pouch size determined the mode of therapy. Nonoperative therapy was successful in patients with small pouches, but did not relieve symptoms of patients with large reservoirs. Truncal vagotomy and resection of redundant upper pouch was the preferred operative approach in these patients. PMID- 7362465 TI - Prevention of early failure of stapled gastric partitions in treatment of morbid obesity. AB - Clinical observations and data obtained in animal experiments indicate that the gastric partition is most susceptible to the stresses of solid food boluses between the second and sixth postoperative weeks, predisposing the operation to early failure. Tensiometer studies indicate that by the sixth to the eighth postoperative week, the staple line is as strong as uninjured stomach. Liquid diet restriction for eight weeks after gastric partitioning reduces the incidence of early operative failure. Until safe and effective methods of increasing staple line strength are established, all patients having gastric partitioning should be restricted to a liquid diet for eight weeks after operation. PMID- 7362467 TI - Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis. A review after a ten-year experience. AB - Seventy-five operative procedures were done in 63 patients to correct one or more complications of chronic pancreatitis. Operations included resection, pancreaticojejunostomy, choledochoduodenostomy, draining and/or excision of pseudocysts, sphincteroplasty, and bypass surgery for relief of duodenal obstruction. All patients were followed up for up to 10 years, with 22 being followed up longer than five years. Recurrent pancreatitis occurred in three patients after resection and in two after drainage procedures, but attacks were milder with only an occasional occurrence. Operative procedures to relieve specific complications of chronic pancreatitis provided good results. However, because internal drainage of pseudocysts associated with chronic pancreatitis was frequently accompanied by recurrence of symptoms, excision offered better results. When the pancreatic duct was dilated, good results were obtained by pancreaticojejunostomy. In the absence of dilation, after strict preoperative slection of patients, and in the presence of diffuse parenchymal fibrosis, subtotal pancreatectomy is the procedure of choice. PMID- 7362466 TI - Hepatobiliary scanning in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. AB - Two hundred seventy-one consecutive hepatobiliary scans (HBS) using technetium Tc 99m iprofenin (Pipida [Sn]) were obtained to evaluate abdominal pain. The material (5 to 10 mCi) was injected and standard anterior and lateral scintographic images were obtained during a one-hour period. An abnormal scan was defined as one in which the gallbladder failed to be seen by one hour with adequate visualization of the biliary tree and proximal gastrointestinal tract. The accuracy of this method was evaluated on the basis of surgical pathology obtained in 117 patients. Of the 76 patients undergoing surgery with an abnormal HBS, 75 had acute cholecystitis, yielding a test accuracy of 98.7%. A normal scan reliably excluded the possibility of acute cholecystitis (100%). Hepatobiliary scanning is presently the most accurate and rapid modality in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. PMID- 7362468 TI - Acute and subacute pancreatitis. Role of surgery and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. AB - Six of seven patients with acute pancreatitis who were intractable to prolonged medical therapy underwent successful endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) followed by immediate operative therapy. All of these patients had surgically correctable lesions consistent with chronic pancreatitis. There was one associated mortality and no morbidity. The conditions of the surviving six patients were significantly improved in the immediate postoperative period, and long-term follow-up has been encouraging. Pancreaticojejunostomy and conservative resection appeared to have good results. The timing of the operation immediately after ERCP in patients with acute pancreatic pathology eliminated problems with exacerbation or sepsis. Patients whose clinical conditions do not improve with aggressive medical therapy for acute pancreatitis may have both chronic and acute disease that is amenable to operative therapy. PMID- 7362469 TI - Endoscopic papillotomy. PMID- 7362470 TI - Role of delayed hypersensitivity tests in surgery. PMID- 7362471 TI - [Morphology of the gastric mucosa in cardiac insufficiency]. AB - The data obtained suggest enhancement of morphologic changes in the mucous membrane of the stomach as the gravity and duration of heart failure increase. The patients suffering from left ventricular failure show gastritis of varying intensity. With total circulatory impairment gastritis acquires an atrophic character. Microcirculatory disorders play an important role in the genesis of changes in the mucous membrane of the stomach in patients with heart failure. PMID- 7362472 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the epithelial cells of the small intestine mucosa in chronic liver diseases]. AB - Electron microscopy of epithelial cells of the mucous membrane of the duodenum and jejunum was performed in 20 patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis to reveal changes in the structure of intracellular formations of epithelial cells of the cryptae and villi, of goblet and enterochromaffin cells. The most essential differences were found in mitochondria, granular cytoplasmic network, ribosomes, microvilli and glycocalix. There were no differences in the pattern of cellular changes in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. However, the degree of lesions increased in patients with liver cirrhosis. Morphologic changes seen in the mucous membrane of the small intestine (duodenitis and jejunitis) in chronic liver diseases present the morphologic substrate of digestion impaired by these diseases. PMID- 7362473 TI - [Autoantibodies to subcellular structures in chronic liver diseases]. AB - The frequency of detecting autoantibodies to different subcellular structures in chronic liver diseases was studied and compared with the activity of the pathological process. The activity of antibodies to subcellular structures of the cytoplasm and nucleus was related in the first turn to IgG and also to IgM. Detection of autoantibodies to different subcellular structures in chronic liver diseases has a definite diagnostic implication and serves as reflection of the destructive process activity in various tissues and cells. PMID- 7362474 TI - [Morphological characteristics of slowly and rapidly progressing human bladder papillomas]. AB - A total of 477 transitional cell papillomas (TP) of the urinary bladder were divided into slowly (10.9%) and rapidly progressing (89.1%) ones according to the late results of the treatment and morbid anatomic features. Over a period of ten years following the excision of rapidly progressing TP the recurrencies were noted 5-fold and malignancies 12-fold as often comparatively to slowly progressing papillomas. Such papillomas were 1 cm and less in diameter and had a narrow base. The epithelial thickness reached 7--8 cell layers, and the mitotic index 3--4 fold surpassed the normal one (0.1%). The difference in histologic and ultrastructural differentiation of basal and intermediate cells of the epithelium persisted. Rapidly progressing TP were 0.5--2 cm in diameter, the epithelial thickness often exceeded that of 8 cell layers, while the mitotic index ranged within 0.5--1.0%. There were no sign of cellular atypia. The difference in histologic and ultrastructural differentiation of basal and imtermediate cells of the epithelium was in some cases effaced. TP subdivision into slowly and rapidly progressing papillomas will contribute to the improvement of the disease prognosis and statistical recording. PMID- 7362476 TI - [Immunomorphological and histochemical characteristics of the skin in psoriasis]. AB - Immunomorphologic and histochemical studies of the skin biopsies withdrawn from patients with psoriasis revealed injury to all the structures of both the epidermis and dermis. Of importance is the immune injury to the microcirculatory bed of the skin, associated with sedimentation of immune complexes, IgA, IgG and C-3 component of the complement on vascular walls, endothelial cells and fibrillar structures of the connective tissue. The inflammatory process involving largely the papillary layer of the dermis is accompanied by increased dermoepidermal permeability with a resultant injury to the epidermis, and by sedimentation of the complexes antigen-antibody and complement in the intercellular spaces of granular and horny layers of the capillaries. These data indicate the participation of the immunopathologic reactions in skin injury produced by psoriasis and their implication in the maintenance of the pathologic process in further disease progress. PMID- 7362477 TI - [Unique microscopic picture of the thymus gland in myasthenic thymoma]. AB - In the course of microscopic examination of 535 thymuses excized from patients with myasthenia (among them 60 with thymoma) the authors came across only one case in which there were numerous large foreign bodies granulomas in the thymus. Despite such a polymorphous structure of the thymus, the clinical course of the underlying disease did not show any specific features. PMID- 7362475 TI - [Morphological changes in the nervous system in rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - The central and peripheral nervous systems were subjected to morphologic study in 16 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. The following pathological stages characteristic for collagenous diseases were revealed in the connective tissue and vascular walls: mucoid swelling, fibrinoid changes, sclerosis and amyloidosis. The intensity of acute degenerative changes in the connective tissue of the nervous system was largely dependent on the clinical and immunologic activity of the disease. PMID- 7362478 TI - [Morphological changes in familial ataxia (Friedreich's disease)]. AB - The paper describes in detail morphologic changes in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord in familial ataxia (Friedreich's disease). Injury to the nervous system is associated with extraneural signs among which the leading role is attributed to myocardial lesions of the idiopathic cardiomyopathy type. PMID- 7362479 TI - [Rare case of an instrumental injury to the thoracic portion of the esophagus during a laryngectomy operation]. AB - Injuries to the esophagus mostly result from external exposures (foreign bodies, instrumental manipulations) and are complicated by phlegmonous inflammation or esophageal hemorrhage. The paper reports a case of lethal hemorrhage from the aorta because of the perforation of the esophageal wall by a nasopharyngeal probe during laryngectomy. PMID- 7362480 TI - [Mitotic regime study in the morphological diagnosis of tumors]. AB - Studies on the mitotic regimen (MR) have shown that common and atypical hyperplasia, dysplasia and tumours which develop in the epithelial tissues in connection with disturbances in cell division are the probable stages of cancerogenesis and have their own quantitative characteristics. MR abnormalities typical for tissue malignancy such as increased mitotic activity, predominance of metaphases over other mitotic stages, and abrupt growth of abnormal mitoses usually outstrip the beginning of infiltrative malignant growth. These data allow one to recommend application of the MR technique to early cancer diagnosis and prognosis of malignancy of pretumourous lesions. In addition, this technique can be used as the criterion for determining tumour histogenesis and evaluating the degree of therapeutic injury to neoplasms. PMID- 7362481 TI - [Project for the international morphological classification of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7362482 TI - [Method of invitro autoradiography for the diagnosis and control of the therapy of tumors]. PMID- 7362483 TI - Sensory-specific and fractional disorders of recent memory in man. I. Isolated loss of visual recent memory. AB - Two patients who lost, in isolation, visual recent memory following bilateral posterior cerebral artery infarctions are described. Tactile, verbal, and nonverbal auditory recent memory functions were preserved in both patients. Based on computerized tomography scans and behavioral and anatomical data in monkey, isolated loss of visual recent memory in man is best understood as a bilateral disconnection syndrome between the striate cortex and the structures in the medial temporal lobe that are involved with recent memory. The possible existence of two other sensory-specific disorders of recent memory, tactile and auditory, is postulated, and the clinical relationship of prosopagnosia, achromatopsia, and spatial disorientation to visual recent memory loss is discussed. PMID- 7362484 TI - Modified snake venom in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lack of clinical effectiveness. AB - Diverse observations including neurological examination, manual muscle testing, quantitative electromyography, videotape esophagrams, and pulmonary function tests were used in a double-blind study evaluating the use of detoxified snake venoms as modified neurotoxin in 64 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) treated for six months. Transient periods of improvement were more common in the patients who received placebo. This study did not demonstrate any benefit from administration of modified snake venom to patients with ALS. PMID- 7362485 TI - Cavitary developmental defects of the optic disc. Visual loss associated with optic pits and colobomas. AB - Congenital cavitary anomalies of the optic disc (optic pit and coloboma) are uncommon and frequently go unrecognized. Patients with these defects have a high incidence of visual loss and the abnormal appearance of the discs may be mistaken for atrophy due to acquired neurological disease. Occasionally, associated midline neurological developmental malformations will be found associated with pits, colobomas, or other dysplastic optic discs, as in one of our cases. A group of patients with optic pits and colobomas referred for neurological evaluation of visual loss are presented to remind the neurologist of the appearance of these congenital crater-like defects and of the causes of loss of vision. PMID- 7362486 TI - Progressive bulbar paralysis associated with neural deafness. A nosological entity. AB - A complete autopsy verification of progressive bulbar palsy associated with neural deafness was performed. Hearing loss and speech difficulties developed in a five-year-old girl. When she was 24 years old, clinical examination demonstrated deafness and bulbopontine paralysis together with retinitis pigmentosa, peripheral amyotrophies, pyramidal signs, and ataxia. The patients died at 27 years and the autopsy disclosed degenerative changes characterized by simple atrophy and loss of neurons accompanied by gliosis and loss of myelinated fibers. The structures principally affected were the anterior horns and the motor nuclei of the brain stem together with the eighth cranial nerve nuclei. Loss of myelinated fibers was found in the spinocerebellar and pyramidal tracts and in the fasciculus gracilis. Our study suggests that progressive bulbar paralysis with neural deafness should be considered as a nosological entity. PMID- 7362487 TI - Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials in brain dead patients. AB - Scalp-recorded, short latency somatosensory averaged evoked potentials to median nerve stimulation that arise in the brachial plexus and in central somatosensory afferent pathways were studied in 11 patients who fulfilled the clinical criteria for brain death. These potentials were compared with similar responses that have been recorded in normal subjects. Potentials that arise in central subcortical afferent pathways were recorded in seven of these patients. This suggests that these pathways are able to conduct impulses in some clinically brain dead patients. PMID- 7362488 TI - Cough headache due to craniospinal pressure dissociation. AB - Two women had severe headache that would come on a few seconds after straining or coughing and would last for about a minute. Results of pressure studies showed that a difference in pressure between the ventricles and the lumbar subarachnoid space developed after coughing or straining. Decompression of the cerebellar tonsils relieved the symptoms and eliminated the craniospinal pressure dissociation in both cases. PMID- 7362489 TI - Periventricular leukomalacia. A one-year autopsy study. AB - We review the frequency and distribution of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in consecutive neonatal autopsies in a complete 12-month period. Periventricular leukomalacia occurred in 88% of the high-risk infants. The demographic factors that define risk are a birth weight between 900 and 2,200 g and a survival of six days or more. Virtually all infants with PVL suffered severe clinical insults, and/or had additional necrotic lesions in their viscera. Preferentially, PVL occurs in the cerebral axons in the occipital and sensory-motor radiations. The frequency with which this lesion is found at autopsy may correspond to the frequency with which visual, auditory, and motor dysfunctions occur in surviving premature infants. Electrophysiologic investigations of the high-risk premature infant seem warranted. PMID- 7362490 TI - Spinal cord abscess caused by Listeria monocytogenes. AB - Listeria monocytogenes organisms were isolated from an intramedullary abscess in the cervical part of the spinal cord of an afebrile, previously healthy man who was occupationally exposed to farm animals. Acute neurologic abnormalities developed after a lumbar puncture, and cord widening was shown by myelography. Surgical decompression and antibiotic treatment for four weeks resulted in apparent bacteriologic cure with moderate neurologic sequelae. PMID- 7362491 TI - A unique case of musicogenic epilepsy. AB - Musicogenic epilepsy associated with spastic paraparesis, the latter probably secondary to multiple sclerosis, occurred in a patient. Detailed analysis of a variety of musical stimuli demonstrated consistent susceptibility to a particular popular tune. It is postulated that temporal lobe demyelination may be the etiological factor in this patient. PMID- 7362492 TI - Multiple vertebral hemangiomas resembling metastases with spinal cord compression. AB - A 58-year-old woman with spastic paraparesis had bony hemangiomas involving the spine, sacrum, and skull. Multiple bony lesions, paravertebral mass, abnormal serum protein levels, and myelopathy suggested multiple myeloma or metastatic neoplasm. Decompressive laminectomy demonstrated a benign capillary hemangioma. PMID- 7362493 TI - Pure motor quadriplegia secondary to bilateral capsular hematomas. PMID- 7362494 TI - Postural reflex gelastic seizures. AB - A 26-year-old man had gelastic seizures ("laughing attacks") preceded by an aura of sexual pleasure. They were reflexly induced by volitional hyperextension of his neck and trunk. His EEGs showed a right temporal spike focus. We discuss the characteristics of this unique case. PMID- 7362495 TI - One and a half syndrome. Occurrence after trauma with computerized tomographic correlation. PMID- 7362496 TI - Scoliosis and Parkinson's disease. PMID- 7362497 TI - Is there seasonal variation in the birth of left-handed schoolgirls? PMID- 7362498 TI - Reversible neurological deficits in patients with normal serum vitamin B12 levels. PMID- 7362499 TI - 'Ophthalmoplegia plus' or Kearns-Sayre syndrome? PMID- 7362500 TI - Juvenile form of spongy degeneration: an instance of Kearns-Sayre syndrome? PMID- 7362501 TI - Corneal involvement in epidermolysis bullosa simplex. AB - A 17-year-old boy and his mother represent the first reported cases of ocular (corneal) involvement of the simplex form of epidermolysis bullosa. Both had a ring-like configuration of fine bullous lesions in the midperiphery bilaterally at the level of deep corneal epithelium superficial to Bowman's membrane (basal cell layer), with the son manifesting symptoms when some of his bullae ruptured through to the corneal epithelial surface. Nonscarring blistering was present in three generations of this family, suggestive of dominantly inherited epidermolysis bullosa simplex, and was confirmed by electron microscopy of a skin specimen from the son. Thus, ocular involvement has now been observed in all of the major types of epidermolysis bullosa. PMID- 7362502 TI - Keratitis due to Acanthamoeba castellani. A clinicopathologic case report. AB - Trophozoites and cysts of amebas were found within the necrotic cornea of an enucleated eye. The organism was identified, by indirect immunofluorescent staining using specific antiserum, to be Acanthamoeba castellani. This case report illustrates the difficulty of clinical diagnosis and typical inefficacy of medical therapy shown in other reports of this rare keratitis. PMID- 7362503 TI - Supersensitivity to topical epinephrine after long-term epinephrine therapy. AB - Two patients received long-term topical therapy with epinephrine in one eye. One week after cessation of therapy, the treated eye in each patient showed more sensitivity to epinephrine than the untreated eye. The possibility of denervation supersensitivity and some clinical implications of this observation are discussed. PMID- 7362504 TI - Timolol and epinephrine: a clinical study of ocular interactions. AB - In a crossover design study, we assessed effects on intraocular pressure, pupillary diamter, pulse rate, and blood pressure over six hours of one drop of 0.5% timolol maleate and 2% epinephrine hydrochloride in one eye. Both eyes of each patient had been pretreated for one week with twice-daily applications pf epinephrine or timolol, respectively. In random sequence, 20 patients (40 eyes) participated in both phases of the study. Pretreatment with timolol significantly reduced the ocular hypotensive effect of epinephrine (from 15.3% to 4.6%); epinephrine pretreatment did not affect the pressure reduction of timolol. Pretreatment with timolol enhanced the mydriatic effect of epinephrine (from 35.8% to 71.9% pupillary dilation); pretreatment with epinephrine resulted in an apparent mydriatic effect for timolol. PMID- 7362505 TI - Lack of side effects from topically administered 10% phenylephrine eyedrops. A controlled study. AB - A prospective double-blind study was designed to determine the systemic hypertensive effects of topically administered 10% aqueous buffered phenylephrine hydrochloride vs topically administered 1% aqueous tropicamide, a belladonna alkaloid devoid of vasopressor effect. One hundred persons received phenylephrine, while 50 persons received tropicamide. One drop of coded drug was administered in both eyes of each patient at two-minute intervals over a four minute period. Blood pressure and pulse rate were measured immediately prior to drop instillation, and 5, 15, and 30 minutes following instillation of the final set of drops. Mean blood pressure and pulse rate dropped from baseline values in both groups at 5, 15, and 30 minutes after drug administration. There was no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups with respect to drug effect on either blood pressure or pulse rate throughout the study. PMID- 7362506 TI - The mode of progressive disc cupping in ocular hypertension and glaucoma. AB - Serial disc photographs of 259 patients with elevated intraocular pressures were studied retrospectively up to 15 years. Twenty-nine eyes showed progressive enlargement of the optic cup. Early vertical extension of the cup occurred in vertical extension of the cup occurred in five eyes and horizontal extension in one. In 23 eyes, a generalized expansion of the cup (retaining its round appearance) was the first change observed, typically preceding visual field loss by several years. Thus, serial disc photographs are necessary for the earliest detection of optic nerve damage in ocular hypertension. Of 18 eyes with normal visual fields at the time progression of cupping was first noted, typical glaucomatous field loss developed in 50% during a follow-up of one to six years (average, two years). Therefore, treatment is indicated for eyes exhibiting progressive disc cupping, even in the absence of visual field defects. PMID- 7362507 TI - Acquired syphilitic uveitis. AB - Secondary syphilis is an overlooked cause of iritis and posterior uveitis. Three cases of acquired syphilitic uveitis were observed, two of which occurred in male homosexuals. In the first patient, a delay in diagnosis and treatment led to irreversible loss of vision and visual field. In the latter two cases, an increased index of suspicion led to earlier diagnosis and treatment, with complete recovery of vision. PMID- 7362508 TI - Ischemic optic neuropathy in chronic papilledema. AB - We evaluated the condition of a patient with chronic papilledema due to pseudotumor cerebri in whom a permanent, monocular, inferior, altitudinal, visual field defect suddenly developed. Clinical and fluorescein angiographic findings indicated that the loss of visual field was due to ischemic optic neuropathy. Ischemic optic neuropathy might occur in papilledema if the tissue pressure in the optic disc becomes sufficiently elevated to occlude the pressure-sensitive prelaminar arterioles. PMID- 7362510 TI - Dermacentor variabilis: uncomplicated eyelid involvement. AB - Ocular eyelid infestation of Dermacentor variabilis, the American dog tick, occurred in a 34-year-old man who had been sleeping in an open-floored tent in an Indiana field. The tick was mechanically removed with steady and firm pressure with cilia forceps, with care taken to remove all mouth structures. The involved eyelid area healed rapidly without ocular or systemic complications. PMID- 7362509 TI - Branch artery obstruction caused by acute toxoplasmosis. PMID- 7362511 TI - The A-frame operation for acquired blepharoptosis. AB - The A-frame operation has been found effective in the treatment of acquired blepharoptosis. It has the following advantages: (1) it can be done easily, rapidly, and if desired, bilaterally, with a minimum of dissection; (2) corneal irritation is not seen; (3) the tarsus is not disturbed; (4) since it is done through an external incision, it can be done with a concomitant blepharoplasty or other oculoplastic procedure; and (5) the procedure is easily learned. The operation is a block resection of levator aponeurosis, Muller's muscle, and conjunctiva. The term "A-frame" was adopted from the use of temporary traction sutures to pull up the layers to be resected, suggesting an A-frame building. The results in 40 eyelids are presented with two illustrative case histories. PMID- 7362513 TI - Primary systemic amyloidosis. An electron microscopic study of the vitreous. AB - We performed an electron microscopic study of the vitreous of a patient with primary systemic amyloidosis. Amyloid deposits were found using the technique previously used to differentiate amyloidosis in urinary sediments. PMID- 7362512 TI - Radiological and histological findings of the lacrimal passages of newborns. AB - By means of postmortem dacryocystograms and photomicrographs of histological slides, the topography and morphology of the lacrimal passages in premature and mature newborn infants are demonstrated. Because of the bends in the course of the lower tear duct, a percentage of probings will fail to effect satisfactory perforation of Hasner's membrane. In most cases the soft texture of this membrane requires no more than syringing under pressure using a hollow probe. PMID- 7362514 TI - Penetration of timolol into the rabbit eye. Measurements after ocular instillation and intravenous injection. AB - The distribution of radioactivity in 15 ocular and extraocular tissues or fluids of the rabbit after ocular instillation and intravenous injection of 100 microL of 14C-labeled timolol solution (1.5%) was studied by liquid scintillation counting (LSC). The drug was distributed rapidly among the tissues examined after both routes of administration. Levels of radioactivity were considerably greater in ocular tissues after instillation as compared with intravenous injection, whereas in extraocular tissues the levels were similar after both routes of administration. Using the same experimental protocol, aqueous humor and serum levels of unchanged timolol were measured by gas liquid chromatography. Comparisons with LSC studies indicated that, following ocular instillation, only unchanged timolol was present in aqueous humor, whereas both timolol and metabolites were present in serum. After intravenous administration, timolol was rapidly metabolized and metabolites appeared in the serum and aqueous humor. PMID- 7362515 TI - Giant papillary conjunctivitis with ocular prostheses. PMID- 7362516 TI - Fenestrated sheen macular dystrophy. PMID- 7362517 TI - Interpreting the cause of diplopia after dental injection. PMID- 7362518 TI - Unnecessary surgery. PMID- 7362519 TI - Profound deafness. Associated sensory and neural degeneration. AB - The cases of deafness presented here have been selected primarily to illustrate the degree to which the acoustic ganglion has degenerated in profound or total deafness. Examples of seven types of acquired diseases of the inner ear and one type of probable congenital degeneration of uncertain cause are given. The number of surviving ganglion cells in each 5-mm section of the cochlea has been expressed as a percentage of the normal average count corresponding to that section of the organ of Corti. The state of the acoustic ganglion has been correlated with that of the organ of Corti and the peripheral axons. Attention is directed to factors other than the presence of ganglion cells, such as disease of the labyrinthine capsule and/or labyrinthitis ossificans, that may influence the possibility of successful insertion of a cochlear implant. PMID- 7362520 TI - Inner ear involvement in Behcet's disease. AB - Ten of 16 patients with Behcet's disease complained of hearing disturbances (62%), and six of them had vertigo (37%). Detailed audiologic and vestibular examinations revealed both cochlear and vestibular abnormalities in those patients. The labyrinth involvement may be ascribed to vasculitis, which is the basic pathologic lesion in Behcet's disease. This inner ear involvement is a late complication of this disease, appearing almost a decade after the initial manifestations. PMID- 7362521 TI - Speech, impedance, and auditory brainstem response audiometry in brainstem tumors. Importance of a multiple-test strategy. AB - Speech, impedance, and auditory brainstem response audiometric data were determined for four patients with intracranial tumor. Although the results of any individual measure may be ambiguous, consideration of the overall pattern of results on all three measures, in combination with audiometric sensitivity level, can lead to relatively precise site localization of brainstem auditory disorders. PMID- 7362523 TI - Photography of the tympanic membrane. A new method. AB - A 2.7-mm Karl Storz-Hopkins telescope was adapted to a single-lens reflex camera and photographs of the tympanic membrane obtained with electronic flash illumination. This system provides a view beyond the narrow isthmus of the external auditory canal and end-point lighting. Resultant photographs demonstrate the entire tympanic membrane, including the anterior sulcus; the depth of field is infinite and the image size is large. PMID- 7362522 TI - Central auditory dysfunction among chronic alcoholics. AB - The relationship between chronic alcoholism and auditory processing problems was examined using a central auditory test battery. Fifteen carefully selected alcoholic subjects and 15 age-matched nonalcoholic control subjects were evaluated using pure-tone thresholds, spondee thresholds, speech discrimination, acoustic reflex thresholds, performance-intensity function, Staggered Spondaic Word (SSW) test, Synthetic Sentence Identification (SSI), and temporal summation. Significant differences between the groups were obtained for acoustic reflex measurement, SSW, and SSI. A significant subject-related interaction was obtained for temporal summation measurement. Approximately half of the alcoholics yielded results consistent with brainstem pathologic features. PMID- 7362525 TI - Thyroid carcinoma and secondary malignancy of the sinonasal tract. AB - The sinonasal tract in general and the maxillary antrum in particular are uncommon sites for primary or metastatic tumors. Recently a woman had severe left posterior epistaxis. Hemorrhagic thyroid tissue was in the left maxillary sinus. The patient also had roentgenographic and scintigraphic evidence suggestive of thyroid tissue in her lungs and spine. Sixteen years previously she had undergone a partial lobectomy for a thyroid tumor. Reports of metastatic thyroid carcinoma in the maxillary, ethmoid, or sphenoid sinuses apparently have not appeared previously in the literature. Thyroid carcinoma's ability to metastasize to a paranasal sinus is documented now, and the list of tumors of the sinonasal tract are to be included in the differential diagnosis of epistaxis increases. PMID- 7362526 TI - Olfactory neuroblastoma. Response to combination chemotherapy. AB - A patient with olfactory neuroblastoma who had bone marrow metastasis at the time of diagnosis is presented. Previous therapy for this disease consisted of surgery and radiation. There is limited information relating to the efficacy of chemotherapy. Our patient was treated with combination chemotherapy (dacarbazine [DTIC-Dome], cyclophosphamide [Cytoxan], doxorubicin hydrochloride [Adriamycin], and vincristine sulfate [Oncovin]) and radiation to the primary site. Objective findings, more than two years after diagnosis, support a good partial response. Although a 50%, five-year survival time has been reported, the five-year cure rate is 18%. This report suggests that the role of combination chemotherapy should be further evaluated in certain patients with olfactory neuroblastoma. PMID- 7362524 TI - Basilar impression. A differential diagnosis of Menier'es disease. AB - We examined the craniocervical region in 180 patients with nonspecific dizziness and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss in most of them. In 32 cases, we found malformations of the craniocervical region. The symptoms of the basilar impression are probably caused by compression of the vessels of the lower cerebellar region and the brainstem as well as by disturbances of the CSF circulation. The diagnosis of basilar impression is based on lateral x-ray films of the skull base, tomography of this region, and in some cases on computerized axial tomography. We emphasize the importance of basilar impression in the differential diagnosis of Meniere's disease. PMID- 7362527 TI - Audiologic quiz case: audiometry in a central auditory disorder. PMID- 7362528 TI - Modern aspects of infertility treatment. AB - New techniques give promise in the management of infertility. In the UK, a decade of experimentation with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer has met with some success, and given encouragement to other workers. The most important change in this technique appears to have been to utilize only spontaneous ovulation and to transfer the fertilized ovum at night. Artificial donor insemination using frozen sperm is attaining a success rate of up to 66 percent after six cycles of insemination. PMID- 7362529 TI - Biochemical basis for evaluating oral contraceptives. AB - Oestrogens stimulate and increase HDL cholesterol concentration while progestogens decrease it; quite marked differences in effect on HDL can be demonstrated between the various oestrogen-progestogen combinations. Similar differences can be shown in their effect upon blood coagulation factors and upon the renin-angiotensin aldosterone axis. It is suggested that the selection of an oral contraceptive, in terms of cardiovascular risk, can be made from a consideration of comparative biochemical data. PMID- 7362531 TI - Mammography. PMID- 7362530 TI - Occupational cancers--a perspective. AB - Occupationally-caused tumours probably account for only a minor fraction of the total cancer burden in the community. However, circumstances dictate that such neoplasms provide singular opportunities firstly for further elucidation of the biology of chemically-induced cancer in humans, and secondly for prevention of additional cancer through the identification of hazardous work situations. PMID- 7362532 TI - Research in general practice. PMID- 7362533 TI - Noise induced hearing loss and the general practitioner. AB - With the introduction of hearing conservation regulations in all States, requiring employers to perform audiometry on noise-exposed employees, many people will be presenting to their general practitioner, audiometry results in hand, for advice and management. The general practitioner will need to be able to adequately assess their problem and take appropriate action. PMID- 7362534 TI - Occupational health and the family doctor. PMID- 7362536 TI - Compensation neurosis. Synonyms: accident neurosis, post-traumatic neurosis. AB - Compensation neurosis is a severe and distressing condition to the individual. Its ramifications are complex and costly, involving often the family, the employer, other road users, the medical profession, the legal profession, trade union representation and society as a whole. PMID- 7362535 TI - Industrial accidents and their prevention. AB - Accident prevention is a task for all sections of the community; it should be part of the industrial process and not separated. It depends primarily on attitudes, communication and industrial relations. Money spent by management on safety is necessary, but it is not the only prerequisite. In the framework of workmen's compensation legislation where payment of lump sums for injury is the philosophy, the disability of the worker is the predominant factor. This is a negative attitude and early rehabilitation with the assessment of the worker's ability to perform is closely allied to accident prevention. PMID- 7362537 TI - Screening for the safety of chemicals. AB - It will be obvious that the screening of chemicals is a multidisciplinary exercise involving toxicologists, chemists and occupational physicians. The variety of means available whereby chemicals are screened, indicate that no single test is adequate. While in vivo and in vitro test methods have an important role in screening, there must be knowledge of the chemical and physical properties of the chemical. Similarly, an awareness of the possibility of human exposure must exist. The occupational physician should play a coordinating role in this exercise which is, after all, designed to protect human health. No matter how useful the animal tests, the short term tests, the study of the shape of the molecule and so on, no real assessment of the situation can be made unless there is a careful examination of the proposed process in which it is intended to use the chemical, so that the possibility of human exposure and, hence, hazard can be assessed. PMID- 7362538 TI - Combined effects of broadband noise and complex waveform vibration on cognitive performance. AB - The performance of 12 subjects was measured on a Complex Counting Task during exposure to each of four experimental conditions for a duration of 30 min. Two levels of noise, 65 dBA and 100 dBA, were presented both with and without 0.36 R.M.S. Gz sum-of-sines vibration. Combined 100 dBA noise and vibration produced less adverse effects than the vibration combined with 65 dBA noise. This result agrees with out previous studies using tracking tasks. However, two effects were demonstrated that had not been obtained previously. First, a clearcut adverse effect of vibration on the Counting Task was obtained. Second, an adverse effect of 100 dBA noise on the counting task was demonstrated. Previously, a 110 dBA noise was required to adversely affect tracking performance. PMID- 7362539 TI - Eustachian tube function in selection of airmen. AB - A comprehensive study of Eustachian tube function in 84 aspirants accepted for flight training was made. Using a pressure chamber, both static and dynamic pressure changes, as in ascent and descent, were applied to test the tubal pressure equilibrating capacity in the sitting position. While all 84 were otologically healthy, a wide range in the pressure equilibrating capacity was found--20% could not equilibrate static over- and underpressures of 10 cm H2O completely, 8% could not equilibrate at all during simulated descent, 3 subjects reported acute vertigo during simulated ascent in combination with high unilateral middle ear pressure. Asymmetry between ears of single subjects in pressure equilibrating capacity was also found to a large extent. It was not possible to identify subjects with poor equilibrating capacity by simple tests like Valsalva's or Toynbee's manoeuvres. The results may indicate that today's criteria for Eustachian tube function in the selection of airmen can be made more efficient. PMID- 7362540 TI - Increasing alveolar oxygen transport. AB - The use of a carotenoid compound, crocetin, as an oxygen diffusion enhancer was studied in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. For the in vivo experiments, the oxygen-enhancing characteristics of crocetin were studied using emphysemic rats. The in vitro experiments also verified the enhanced diffusion of oxygen through plasma due to crocetin. PMID- 7362541 TI - A sudden-stop vestibulovisual test for rapid assessment of motion sickness manifestations. AB - The test made use of a rotating chair mounted in a striped cylindrical enclosure, 4.6 m in diameter. The subject was exposed to the following motion profile: With eyes covered he was accelebrated at 15 degrees/s2 to clockwise volocity of 300 degrees/s and maintained at that velocity for 30 s. The chair was then decelerated to a stop within 1.5 s and maintained at rest for 30 s while physiological parameters and motion sickness symptoms were recorded. This procedure was repeated until a pre-selected motion sickness endpoint was reached or 20 stops had been made. If the endpoint was not reached, testing continued without the blindfold while the subject passively viewed the striped enclosure; if the endpoint was still not reached after 20 stops, the direction of rotation was reversed. The subject's score represented one-half the number of stops with eyes covered plus the number of stops with eyes open plus twice the number of stops after reversal of direction of rotation. Fourteen subjects were each assessed four times; the average interval between tests was 3 d. The first test was usually a poor indicator of alter performance. The second test provided a satisfactory ranking of susceptibility to motion sickness, and the results of the four sessions provided an indication of the rates of acquisition and decay of adaptation. Some advantages and uses of this new test are summarized. PMID- 7362543 TI - Effect of hypogravity on human lymphocyte activation. AB - Cultures of human lymphocytes were exposed to the mitogen concanavalin A in a low G environment generated by a fast rotating clinostat. DNA-synthesis was determined by incorporation of 3H-thymidine as the parameter for activation, cell ultrastructure was analyzed by electron microscopy, and cell movements were recorded by a cinecamera. The results were compared with 1-G controls. The cells cultured at low G show: (i) depression of activation by 50%, (ii) appearance of "mitochondria-rich" cells, and (iii) enhanced formation of pseudovilli and uropods. Our investigations in vitro at low and high G and reports on the effect of spaceflights on lymphocytes from cosmonauts and astronauts suggest that hypogravity depresses, whereas hypergravity enhances, lymphocyte activation by mitogens. This study is complementary to an experiment which will study the in vitro activation of lymphocytes in weightlessness during the first Spacelab mission. PMID- 7362544 TI - Hypergravity and estrogen effects on avian anterior pituitary growth hormone and prolactin levels. AB - Developing female chicks with fractured right radii were maintained for 14 d at either earth gravity (1 G) or a hypergravity state (2 G). The birds at 1 G were divided into groups which received daily injections of 1) saline, 2) 200 micrograms estrone, and 3) 400 micrograms estrone for 14 d. The 2-G birds were divided into three similarly treated groups. All 2-G birds showed significantly lower body weights than did 1-G birds. Anterior pituitary (AP) glands were excise; and analyzed for growth hormone and prolactin content by analytical electrophoresis. The 1-G chicks receiving either dose of daily estrogen showed increased AP growth hormone levels, whereas hypergravity alone did not affect growth hormone content. Chicks exposed to daily estrogen and hypergravity displayed reduced growth hormone levels. AP prolactin levels were slightly increased by the lower daily estrogen dose in 1-G birds, but markedly reduced in birds exposed only to hypergravity. Doubly-treated chicks displayed normal prolactin levels. Reduced growth in 2-G birds might be due, in part, to reduced AP levels of prolactin and/or growth hormone. PMID- 7362542 TI - Effect of 1 alpha-hydroxy-cholecalciferol and varying phosphorous content in the diet on calcium phosphorous metabolism in hypokinetic rats. AB - Hypokinesia induces mineral changes, including changes in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, which involve their increased renal excretion, deposition in soft tissues, and development of osteoporosis. These experiments were designed in order to ascertain the role of active metabolites (hydroxy-cholecalciferol) and changes in phosphorus in the diet on calcium accumulation in bone, soft tissue, and renal calcinosis, and changes in calcium-phosphorus metabolism in rats during prolonged and severe hypokinesia. PMID- 7362545 TI - Development of "sports anemia" in physically fit men after daily sustained submaximal exercise. AB - Hematological changes were studied in physically fit young soldiers who marched 35 km/d for 6 d, working at 35% of their Vo2 max. Four days of marching produced decreases in numbers of erythrocytes (RBC) and in hematocrit (Hct). This "sports anemia" persisted beyond day 6 into the post-march period and was accompanied by decreases in hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The latter decrease was attributed to a preferential destruction of large RBC. The post march period was characterized by an early (2 d) recovery of RBC numbers, Hct, and MCV, and a persistent (greater than 4 d) decrease in Hb, MCH, and MCHC. This pattern, characteristic of hypochromic macrocystosis, possibly reflects a premature release of young RBC from the bone marrow. Clearly, "Sports anemia," previously reported to occur with intensive physical exercise, can also result from sustained and repetitive submaximal exercise. PMID- 7362546 TI - Psychophysiological monitoring of operator's emotional stress in aviation and astronautics. AB - The level of emotional stress depending on the power of motivation and the estimation by the subject of the probability (possibility) of goal achievement, largely influences the operator's skill performance (that of a pilot, controller, astronaut). A decrease in the emotional tonus leads to drowsiness, lack of vigilance, missing of significant signals, and to slower reactions. The extremely high stress level disorganizes the activity, complicates it with a trend toward untimely acts and reactions to the insignificant signals (false alarms). The best methods to monitor the degree of the operator's emotional state during his skill performance are the integral estimation of the changes in heart-rate and T-peak amplitude, as well as the analysis of spectral and intonational characteristics of the human voice during radio conversation. These methods were tested on paratroopers, pilots in civil aviation, and airport controllers. PMID- 7362547 TI - Bone remodeling in centrifuged rats: histomorphometric study after an 18-day run. AB - A histomorphometric and histodynamic study of bone tissue was conducted in rats exposed to 2 G centrifugation for a period of 18 d. Shortening of the femurs was observed, associated with alterations of the growth cartilage in centrifuged animals. The morphometric analysis demonstrates a reduction in bone volume without increase in the activity of osteoclasts. The fluorescent fixation during the dynamic study shows a reduced appositional rate. This result seems to reflect the numerous factors which contribute to the experimental centrifugation test: the osteoporosis is cortisone induced; it is a response to the aggression and probably conceals the remodeling due to higher stress loads. PMID- 7362548 TI - Heat stress exposure of aerial spray pilots. AB - Heat stress (WBGT index) in the cockpits of agricultural spray pilots, and its physiological and subjective effects, were measured for 9 pilots flying in hot weather for a large Israeli aerial spray company. There was concern that heat exposure may be one of the factors involved in a recent increase in the fatal and non-fatal crash rate among Israeli spray pilots. WBGT index calculations were based on sequential cockpit wet bulb, dry bulb, and globe temperatures read when aircraft landed. The WBGT was always above 25 degrees C and exceeded 26.7 degrees C in 70% of observations. In pilots, a daily weight loss of 0.6-1.2% of total body weight was usual, as were rectal temperature increases of 0.5 degrees C. Daily water intakes ranged from less than 100 ml to 2000 ml per workshift. Questionnaires indicated that 42 of 45 pilots said they would drink more fluids if they were provided between flights by ground crews. An unresolved problem was whether conventional threshold standards for heat exposure were set at levels that may produce insidious impairments in pilot psychomotor performance. Cockpit air cooling is suggested as a measure for preventing heat stress in hot climates. However, appropriate filter technologies would be needed to prevent pesticide exposures during flight. Engineering and other measures to prevent heat stress and dehydration should rank high as part of a comprehensive program to protect the health and performance levels of agricultural spray pilots. PMID- 7362550 TI - Motion sickness: part I--a theory. AB - Early reports on space exploration suggested that cosmonauts and astronauts sustained "motion sickness" symptoms described as "dizziness, nausea, vomiting, flashes of light, formed hallucinations or illusions of inversion of image in space." Hallucinations may be due to many causes but most of the above symptoms were similar to those experienced by some patients with expanding intracranial lesions whose symptomatology was referable to the temporoparieto-occipital cortex of the brain. On the basis of our observations, it is suggested that the term "motion sickness" might be applied to earthly symptoms of dizziness, nausea, and vomiting--such as encountered ascending in an elevator or tossing about on the sea--for they are primarily related to the inner ear, the peripheral or end organ. However, when inversion of body image and formed and unformed visual hallucinations are superimposed upon these, there must be interpretation by the temporoparieto-occipital cortex and this might be designed as "motion sickness in space." PMID- 7362549 TI - Serum cholesterol levels in selected air force cadets compared with levels in the West Point study. AB - In the USAFSAM Cardiovascular Disease Followup Study, the surprising rise in average cholesterol levels in West Point cadets during the 6 years following their entry into the U.S. Military Academy in 1952 implied a significant increase in risk of heart disease in later years. To ascertain whether that pattern of change suggested increased risk is characteristic of cadets at military academies, a similar study on a smaller scale was conducted on U.S. Air Force Academy cadets beginning in 1972. Randomly selected cadets were monitored throughout their 4-year training at the U.S. Air Force Academy. Mean levels of serum cholesterol were similar at the beginning and end of the study; values between those times were generally somewhat lower. Average body fat never exceeded 12.6%; the average remained close to 12% during the last 3 years. Possible reasons for the differences between the pattern of change in serum cholesterol in the West Point cadets in earlier years (1952-56) and in the U.S. Air Force Academy cadets are discussed. Differences in exercise or stress levels were ruled out as likely explanations. Changes in dietary fat intakes may account for the differences, while unidentified changes in the social environment are possible contributory factors. PMID- 7362551 TI - Motion sickness: part II--a clinical study based on surgery of cerebral hemisphere lesions. AB - Man has always been intrigued with the localization of function within the brain but has paid insufficient attention to the long and the short association fiber pathways which, when stimulated, may fire distant areas evoking unusual responses. Three cases of intracerebral lesions are presented to demonstrate the significance of these structures. The vestibular symptoms of dizziness may occur from excitation of the temporal operculum. If, added to this symptom, the patient has spatial disorientation, such as feeling upside down, it suggests that the region of the supramarginal gyrus and the angular gyrus are involved. When unformed visual hallucinations (such as flashes of light) or formed hallucinations (such as distorted images) are present the occipital and midtemporal regions of the brain, respectively, are considered to be the sources of such responses. The symptoms described above were reminiscent of those experienced by some of the cosmonauts and astronauts and it called the authors' attention to this "motion sickness in space." The areas from which such responses may be elicited are the temporoparieto-occipital regions, which are nourished by the posterior cerebral artery and its branches. Vascular insufficiency to this area by spasm of the vessel may be responsible for this symptomatology. PMID- 7362552 TI - Motion sickness: part III--a clinical study based on surgery of posterior fossa tumors. AB - Three patients who had large, benign cerebellar tumors were operated upon in the sitting position and developed symptoms referable to the temporoparieto-occipital region of the brain 24-48 h postoperatively. They consisted of dizziness, nausea, vomiting, formed and unformed hallucinations, and inversion of image or disorientation in space, some of which were experienced by some of the astronauts and cosmonauts during space flight. Such findings are not due to stimulation of the cerebellum, the site of the lesion, but must come from the cerebral hemisphere. The symptoms were believed to be caused by "the luxury perfusion" of Lassen with the development of local lactic acidosis secondary to vascular insufficiency to the brain in the distribution of the posterior cerebral artery thus stimulating the temporoparieto-occipital region. This theory is suggested to some degree by the work of Endo et al. using CT scans, which showed the shifting of increased blood flow from the frontal region to the temporoparieto-occipital region following removal of a benign posterior fossa tumor. The mechanism for the compression of the posterior cerebral artery may be due to uncal herniation at the tentorium. The authors believe that it might be well to consider further testing in a vertical or oblique plane rather than only in a centrifugal horizontal one. This method would tend to cause uncal herniation more readily. Monitoring of such effects could be done with the colored CT scan. PMID- 7362553 TI - President's page. PMID- 7362554 TI - Training and acclimatization: effects on responses to exercise in a desert environment. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to observe differences in responses to work in a desert environment among males representing varying levels of acclimatization and physical training. Three groups of subjects were selected: 1) unacclimatized males (UM), VO2max = 46.8 ml . kg-1 . min-1, 2) acclimatized males (AM), VO2max = 49.6 ml . kg-1 . min-1, and 3) acclimatized-fit males (AFM) VO2max = 65.8 ml . kg-1 . min-1. Each subject sat for 40 min and then walked for 40 min at 3.5 miles/h on a grade which represented his 50% VO2max in a neutral indoor environment (WBGT = 18.1 DEGREES C) and in a desert (hot, dry and sunny) environment (WBGT = 29.9 DEGREES C). The UM experienced consistently higher HR during both rest and work in the heat than did the AM. The AFM exhibited lower HR than either AM or UM during both neutral and hot exposures, despite a higher workload. Both groups of acclimatized subjects possessed lower Tre's than the unacclimatized subjects in the heat. The superior fitness of the AFM gave an advantage in terms of increased sweating sensitivity since they had equal or greater SR at lower Tre. It was concluded that a high level of physical training is an additional and important variable in the ability to tolerate work in the desert. PMID- 7362555 TI - Central circulation and metabolism of the healthy man during postural exposures and arm exercise in the head-down position. PMID- 7362556 TI - Blockade of the different enzymatic steps in the synthesis of brain amines and memory (CAR) in hypobaric hypoxic rats treated and untreated with L. dopa. AB - L. Dopa associated with an extracerebral inhibitor of dopadecarboxylase is able to protect the rat against the deleterious effects of hypobaric hypoxia on a conditioned avoidance response. L. Dopa loses its protective effect against hypoxia if tyrosine hydroxylase, dopadecarboxylase, or dopamine beta hydroxylase is previously blocked. L. Dopa's protective effect must therefore be due to an indirect action on the endogenous catecholamine metabolism. PMID- 7362557 TI - Oxygenation and ambient air pressure influences on alcohol-induced nystagmus in rabbits. AB - The effect of ambient pressure with various inspiratory partial pressures of oxygen on the duration of positional alcohol nystagmus (PAN) was investigated in rabbits. In five groups of rabbits, partial pressures of oxygen were applied. Alcohol was administered intravenously in a dosage of 2.85 g/kg body weight. PAN was recorded by electronystagmography. Neither a change of ambient pressure, nor a variation of the inspired oxygen partial pressure had any influence on the duration of PAN. The blood alcohol concentration did not differ significantly between the groups. The theoretical discussion is completed with the practical message that oxygen therapy does not help sobering up. In 6 out of 46 rabbits followed, there occurred a positional alcohol nystagmus type II, i.e. with reversed beat direction. PMID- 7362559 TI - Permeability changes in cerebral, iridic, and retinal vessels during experimental decompression sickness in the rat. AB - An investigation has been made of the effect of acute decompression sickness upon the permeability of the cerebral, iridic, and retinal vessels of the rat, with sodium-fluorescein as intravenous tracer. No permeability changes were observable during the first 15 min subsequent to decompression, following exposure to 5.1 bar for 50 min. Focal leaky areas were found in the brain parenchyma after exposures to 5.1 bar for 120 min. Although sodium-fluorescein partially permeated the pial vessels in controls, the treatment in a hyperbaric chamber seems to increase the diffusion of the tracer from the pia into the cerebral cortex. Nevertheless, both the iridic and retinal vessels remained "tight." The factors which increase the permeability of microvasculature in brain and possible reasons for the negative results obtained with the iris and retina in decompression sickness are discussed. PMID- 7362558 TI - Simulated weightlessness: effects of bioenergetic balance. AB - As a prelude to a flight experiment, an attempt was made to separate energy requirements associated with gravity from all other metabolic needs. The biological effects of weightlessness were simulated by suspending animals in a harness so that antigravity muscles were not supporting the body. Twelve pairs of rats were allowed to adapt to wearing a harness for 5 d. Experimental animals were then suspended in harness for 7 d followed by recovery for 7 d. Control animals were harnessed but never suspended. VO2, VCO2 and rate of 14CO2 expiration from radio-labeled glucose were monitored on selected days. Food intake and body mass were recorded daily. Metabolic rate decreased in experimental animals during 7 d of suspension and returned to normal during recovery. Although some of the metabolic changes may have related to variation in food intake, simulated weightlessness appears to directly affect bioenergetic balance. PMID- 7362560 TI - Development of performance evaluation tests for environmental research (PETER): complex counting test. AB - This study is the first in a program to develop a battery of Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (PETER). Nineteen volunteer subjects were tested daily for 3 weeks on a complex task requiring the operator to keep simultaneous track of several things with changing states. Average daily performances are reported as well as reliabilities of three main types: 1) internal consistency of the test; 2) sensitivity--the ability to differentiate subjects, and 3) stability--consistency of measurement over repeated sessions. The results showed that, on this task, learning was accomplished quickly, and performance stayed level for 3 weeks. The cross-tidal reliability for this test was found relatively stable after 3 d of practice, with a decline of only r=.94 to r=.79 over 11 d. This task is further noted as having several characteristics which make it particularly suitable for use in environmental research. It is concluded that the complex counting test can be recommended for use in environmental and other time-course research. PMID- 7362561 TI - Physiological response to hyper- and hypogravity during rollercoaster flight. AB - Healthy male subjects--26--were flown in a Lear jet aircraft through rollercoaster and parabolic weightlessness flight. Eye movements, respiration, and blood volume pulse were recorded on magnetic tape. The same subjects underwent a battery of five vestibular tests in the laboratory on the ground. One subject in each flight was flown in an upright position, the other in a 90 degree foreward tilted head position. The foreward tilted subjects always reported motion sickness earlier and after fewer rollercoaster manoeuvres than the upright sitting subjects. It is concluded that the susceptibility to changes of X-axis acceleration is higher than to changes of Z-axis acceleration. Correlation was found between the ability to estimate the subjective vertical (modified Muller Aubert-test), optokinetic nystagmus asymmetries, and susceptibility to rollercoaster flight sickness. PMID- 7362562 TI - Effect of alcohol ingestion on man's thermoregulatory responses during cold water immersion. PMID- 7362563 TI - Bioman--an improved occupant-crew station compliance modeling system. PMID- 7362564 TI - The effect of propranolol on human psychomotor performance. AB - Despite their widespread usage the effect of beta blockers on human performance has been only sparsely studied and results of investigations are discrepant. This study examines the effect of one of the most commonly prescribed beta adrenergic blocking drugs, propranolol, on psychomotor function. To demonstrate the sensitivity of the test method and to provide some basis for comparison, the effect of small doses of sodium amylobarbitone on psychomotor performance is also measured. Results indicate that propranolol in a single dose of 40 mg produces a small but significant decrement of performance, an effect comparable to that of 25 mg of sodium amylobarbitone. Habituation to chronic administration of propranolol at a daily dose level of 120 mg is also apparent. The clinical significance of these effects, particularly in aviation medicine, is discussed. PMID- 7362565 TI - Trapped gas dysbarism requiring recompression therapy. AB - The clinical manifestation, pathophysiology, and treatment of dysbarism continues to pose a dilemma for physiologists and flight surgeons. This paper presents a case of trapped gas dysbarism resulting from exposure to 40,000 ft, which was severe, disabling, and required recompression therapy to resolve. PMID- 7362566 TI - An ultrasonic plethysmograph for space flight applications. PMID- 7362567 TI - Evaluation of the relationship between motion sickness symptomatology and blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature. AB - This study investigated the relationship between the development of symptoms of motion sickness and changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature. Twelve subjects were each evaluated four times using the vestibular-visual interaction test (4). The results were analyzed both within and across individual subjects. Neither a systematic group nor consistent individual relationship was found between the physiological parameters and the appearance of symptoms of motion sickness. These findings suggest that biofeedback control of the physiological variables studied is not likely to prevent the expression of motion sickness symptomatology. PMID- 7362568 TI - Effects of a postexercise sauna bath on ECG pattern and other physiologic variables. AB - In an attempt to determine the risk of sauna bathing after heavy exercise, the responses of 10 clinically normal adult males (mean age 44 years) were observed and recorded for 26 min. during recovery from a standard, heavy exercise task on two separate days. On one of the 2d, recovery was interrupted by a 10-min (min 6 16) exposure to intense, dry heat (70-74 degrees C, 3-6% R.H.). The higher heart rate and rectal temperature during the treatment (min 6-16) and post treatment (min 16-26) phases on the experimental day were indicative of the expected response to the heat stress. Systolic blood pressure did not differ on experimental and control days during either phase of recovery, while diastolic blood pressure decreased during the heat exposure. Double product was higher during treatment and post-treatment phases on the experimental day indicating an increased myocardial O2 need in response to the heat. ECG (CM5) changes were limited to increased J-point displacement during the treatment phase on the experimental day, with S-T segment flattening (0.08 s) in one case, and prolongation of the Q-T interval (corrected for rate) with reduction in T-wave amplitude. The prolongation of electrical systole and T-wave flattening were not observed during exercise at comparable and higher heart rates and may be associated with reduced subendocardial perfusion. We concluded that sauna bathing of short duration after exercise represents a tenable risk for clinically normal males. PMID- 7362569 TI - Visual and postural motion aftereffects following parabolic flight. AB - Postural and visual motion aftereffects may be experienced after exposure to alternating periods of free fall and increased gravitoinertial force in parabolic flight. In an aftereffect, the body feels as if it is again undergoing periodic changes in force level because of motion of the substrate; strong apparent postural motion is also accompanied by visual motion of the surroundings. The aftereffects are discussed according to a) their character, b) their time course, c) secondary symptoms associated with them, d) conditions favoring their occurrence, e) their relation to the inducing frequency, f) fragments of the complete pattern, g) their duration, and h) the importance of contact cues. PMID- 7362570 TI - Body fluid compartments in humans during acute high-altitude exposure. AB - Body fluid compartments were studied in a group of sea level residents at sea level and during 12 d of acute exposure to an altitude to 3,500 m. Measurements of total body water and extracellular water were done on the third and 12th days of exposure, while plasma volume was measured on 12th day only. The intracellular water, blood volume, and red cell mass were computed from the above parameters. Total body water and extracellular water decreased progressively, the decrease being 4.7% (p less than 0.001) and 6.0% (p less than 0.05) respectively on the 12th day. Plasma volume and blood volume decreased significantly with a slight increase in red cell mass. Intracellular water, computed from total body water and extracellular water, decreased by 4.3% on 12th day. This study suggested hypohydration on acute altitude exposures. PMID- 7362571 TI - Effects of ozone on symptoms and cardiopulmonary function in a flight attendant surrogate population. AB - Two studies were conducted to ascertain the lowest ozone concentration threshold for statistically significant adverse effects on cardiopulmonary function and symptoms in male and female surrogates of the flight attendant population. Both studies simulated in-flight environmental conditions at 1,829 m mean sea level (MSL) chamber altitude. The ozone exposures were 0.2 parts per million by volume (ppmv) for 4 h in the first study and 0.3 ppmv for 3 h in the second study. Each subject was similarly exposed to air only (no ozone) on another occasion. Treadmill exercise, equivalent to workloads of on-duty flight attendants, was performed at altitude. Cardiorespiratory measurements were made during ozone exposure, whereas spirometry and symptom assessments were made immediately before and after exposure. The ozone threshold for reversible adverse effects on symptoms and spirometry function was reached by a 3-h exposure to 0.3 ppmv. The data suggest a greater symptomatic sensitivity to ozone in females. PMID- 7362573 TI - Studies of limb-dislodging forces acting on an ejection seat occupant. AB - A mathematical theory is being developed in order to calculate the aerodynamic loading to which a pilot is exposed during high-speed ejections. Neglecting the initial effects of flow separation, results thus far indicate that a pilot's musculoskeletal system is not likely to withstand the tendency for limb-flailing if he is ejecting at Mach numbers in excess of about 0.7. This tendency depends very strongly upon the angle at which the pilot's limbs intercept a high-speed flow; the forces that cause limb dislodgement increase dramatically with speed of ejection. Examining the time-course of limb-dislodging forces after the initial onset of windblast, the theory further predicts the generation of a double vortex street pattern on the downstream side of the limbs of an ejection seat occupant. This results in the corresponding appearance of oscillating forces tending to cause lateral motion (vibration) of the limbs. The amplitude and frequency of these oscillating forces are also very dependent on the Mach number of ejection and the angle at which the pilot's limbs intercept the flow. However, even at moderate Mach numbers, the frequency can be as high as 100 cycles per second, and the amplitude rapidly exceeds a pilot's musculo-skeletal resistive powers for Mach numbers above 0.7. PMID- 7362572 TI - Effect of simulated weightlessness on the immune system in rats. AB - Rats suspended in a model system designed to simulate many aspects of weightlessness were immunized with sheep red blood cells. Parameters measured on these and control rats included titers of anti-sheep red blood cell antibodies, serum immunoglobulin levels, spleen and thymus weights, hematocrits, and leukocyte differential counts on peripheral blood. No significant differences were found between test and weight-bearing, harnessed controls; however, the thymuses of animals in both these groups were significantly smaller than untreated cage controls. The lack of an effect of simulated weightlessness on the immune system is an interesting result, and its significance is discussed. PMID- 7362574 TI - Harry G. Armstrong lecture: Global travel and travelers' health. PMID- 7362575 TI - Intravascular hemolysis in acute mountain sickness. AB - A case of acute mountain sickness (AMS) is described of a fit young man while on a climbing expedition in Mexico. The subject exhibited intravascular hemolysis in addition to normal AMS symptoms. This case is reported in the hope that others will look for and report the presence or absence of intravascular hemolysis on climbing expeditions. PMID- 7362576 TI - The prolapsed mitral valve syndrome and the flyer. AB - For the past 15 years there has been an increasing interest in the prolapsed mitral (PMV) syndrome as evidenced by its increasing attention in the literature. Although the syndrome in many of its aspects is still ill-defined, enough is known about it and its possible sequelae--arrhythmias, endocarditis, and sudden death--to signal some concern to flight surgeons. This paper briefly reviews the prolapsed mitral valve syndrome and defines the aeromedical problem which it presents. The author, furthermore, points out that there is a need for prospective studies so that the prognosis of PMV will be better understood. Only in that way will flight surgeons be able to determine more intelligently appropriate aeromedical disposition. PMID- 7362578 TI - The sickle trait and the black airman. PMID- 7362577 TI - The European Intra-Inter Theater Aeromedical Evacuation System:--our mission--our attempt. AB - The logistics of aeromedical evacuation are discussed. The order of magnitude of the problem and detailed analyses are presented. Examples are presented for patient transfer from point of injury in areas remote from hospitalization through successive installations to the hospital for extended treatment and convalescence. PMID- 7362579 TI - Evidence for separate and concurrent avoidance learning in the two hemispheres of the normal chick brain. PMID- 7362580 TI - Interaction between the lateral preoptic area and the subfornical organ in the control of water ingestion caused by cellular dehydration, hypotension, hypovolemia, and deprivation. PMID- 7362581 TI - Intraventricular self-administration of acetaldehyde and voluntary consumption of ethanol in rats. PMID- 7362582 TI - The effects of sexual experience and frequency of testing on retention of copulatory behavior following castration in the male hamster. PMID- 7362583 TI - Effect of rearing-temperature on the thermoregulatory behavior of pigs. PMID- 7362584 TI - Oral-genital activity in the male hamster: glossectomy and sexual performance. PMID- 7362585 TI - ECS and CO2 anesthesia between tasting and illness: effects on taste aversion learning. PMID- 7362586 TI - Taste aversion learning in the bat, Carollia perspicillata. PMID- 7362587 TI - Post-training intraperitoneal administration of leu-enkephalin and beta-endorphin causes retrograde amnesia for two different tasks in rats. PMID- 7362588 TI - Modulation of defensive reflexes in Aplysia californica by appetitive stimulation. PMID- 7362589 TI - Effects of electroconvulsive shock on open-field behavior and spontaneous alternation in rats. PMID- 7362590 TI - Genetics, septal lesions, and avoidance behavior in mice. PMID- 7362591 TI - Auditory and visual stimuli as reinforcers among lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis). PMID- 7362592 TI - Hypophysectomy reduces behavioral activation to morphine in the rat. PMID- 7362593 TI - Interaction of stress and morphine in the rat using a classical conditioning design. PMID- 7362594 TI - Visual cues for illness-induced aversions in the pigeon. PMID- 7362595 TI - Maternal behavior and the milk ejection reflex in a precocial murid (Acomys cahirinus). PMID- 7362596 TI - Saturable high affinity binding of low density and high density lipoprotein by parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells from rat liver. PMID- 7362597 TI - Increase in acetylation of spermidine in rat liver extracts brought about by treatment with carbon tetrachloride. PMID- 7362598 TI - Correlation of the appearance of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid with the onset of mineralization in developing endochondral bone. PMID- 7362599 TI - Primary induction of metallothionein by dexamethasone in culture rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7362600 TI - Binding of organic phosphates by human hemoglobin at alkaline pH-values. PMID- 7362601 TI - A specific concanavalin A-mediated binding of bovine serum alpha-mannosidase to cultured human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 7362602 TI - Early prostaglandin E synthesis is an obligatory event in the induction of cell proliferation in mouse epidermis in vivo by the phorbol ester TPA. PMID- 7362603 TI - o,o-Dityrosine in native and horseradish peroxidase-activated galactose oxidase. PMID- 7362604 TI - Decreased excision of O6-methylguanine and N7-methylguanine during the S phase in 10T1/2 cells. PMID- 7362605 TI - Autoactivatability of human Hageman factor (factor XII). PMID- 7362607 TI - Membrane fluidity and adenylate cyclase activity in genetically obese mice. PMID- 7362606 TI - COOH-terminal extended endogenous gastrins. PMID- 7362608 TI - Interaction of human adult methemoglobin in low-spin state with inositol hexaphosphate. A proton magnetic resonance study. PMID- 7362609 TI - On the correlation between light-induced protein fluorescence changes and the formation of metarhodopsin III465 in bovine photoreceptor disk membranes. PMID- 7362610 TI - Identification of a large molecular weight peptide associated with a tetrodotoxin binding protein from the electroplax of Electrophorus electricus. PMID- 7362611 TI - Fatty acid synthesis in fetal lung. PMID- 7362612 TI - The analysis of NMR relaxation data in terms of multiple internal motions. PMID- 7362613 TI - Acetylcholine receptor-controlled ion flux in electroplax membrane vesicles: a minimal mechanism based on rate measurements in the millisecond to minute time region. PMID- 7362614 TI - Cobalt-stimulated protein phosphokinase activity of the pore complex-lamina fraction from rat liver nuclear envelope. PMID- 7362615 TI - The crystal structure of uncomplexed-hydrated cyclooctaamylose. PMID- 7362616 TI - Crystal structure of the gamma-cyclodextrin n-propanol inclusion complex; correlation of alpha-, beta-, gamma- cyclodextrin geometries. PMID- 7362617 TI - Metabolic activation of a mutagen, 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido-[1,2-a:3',2' d]imidazole. Identification of 2-hydroxyamino-6-methyldipyrido [1,2-a:3',2' d]imidazole and its reaction with DNA. PMID- 7362618 TI - Hepatic microsomal conversion of pregnenolone to 3 beta,5,6 beta-trihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one via pregnenolone alpha- and beta-epoxides. PMID- 7362619 TI - Butanedione treatment reduces receptor binding of a lysosomal enzyme to cells and membranes. PMID- 7362620 TI - Inhibition of S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase by guanethidine. PMID- 7362621 TI - Foot-edema induced by carbonyl compounds originating from the peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids. PMID- 7362622 TI - Effects of psychotropic drugs on the cerebral energy state and glycolytic metabolism in the rat: diazepam, clomipramine and chlorpromazine. PMID- 7362623 TI - Inhibition of glycoprotein secretion by ethanol and acetaldehyde in rat liver slices. PMID- 7362624 TI - Sex differences in biochemical manifestations of selenium deficiency in rat liver with special reference to heme metabolism. PMID- 7362625 TI - Inhibition of uptake of adenosine into human blood platelets. PMID- 7362626 TI - Comparative study on the activity of chlorpromazine and 7-hydroxychlorpromazine in the isolated perfused rat brain. PMID- 7362628 TI - Drug metabolism interactions with anticancer agents in mice. PMID- 7362629 TI - H-NMR investigations of a Hammet-type substituent effect on the hydrogen bond interaction of some 1,4-benzodiazepines. PMID- 7362627 TI - Estrogen-2-hydroxylase in the rat. Distribution and response to hormonal manipulation. PMID- 7362630 TI - Desensitization to locally injected PGF2 alpha as reflected in the vascular permeability and collagen and noncollagenous protein synthesis of carrageenin induced granulation tissue in rats. PMID- 7362631 TI - Mechanism of inhibitory effect of some pyrazole derivatives on purine biosynthesis de novo. PMID- 7362632 TI - Studies on the metabolic pathway of the acetyl group for acetylcholine synthesis. PMID- 7362633 TI - Enzymatic unmasking for antibodies of penicilloyl residues bound to albumin. PMID- 7362634 TI - Evaluation of hepatobiliary function in the rat by the segmented retrograde intrabiliary injection technique. PMID- 7362635 TI - Factors influencing the plasma levels of amphetamine and its metabolites in catheterized rats. PMID- 7362637 TI - The metabolism of alphaxalone by isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7362638 TI - Prediction of mescaline clearance by rabbit lung and liver from enzyme kinetic data. PMID- 7362639 TI - Enhanced biotransformation of nitrofurantoin in rats after induction with 3 methylcholanthrene or beta-naphthoflavone. PMID- 7362640 TI - Stimulation of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in cultured cells by human and animal sera. A new in vitro approach to human drug metabolism. PMID- 7362636 TI - Interaction of L-alanosine (NSC 153, 353) with enzymes metabolizing L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid and their amides. PMID- 7362641 TI - In vitro hepatic drug metabolism and microsomal enzyme induction in genetically obese rats. PMID- 7362642 TI - Role of the gastrointestinal microflora in amygdalin (laetrile)-induced cyanide toxicity. PMID- 7362644 TI - The partial purification of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis from rat peritneal anaphylactic fluid and its separation from an arachidonic acid releasing substance. PMID- 7362643 TI - Comparison between the inhibitory activities of sangivamycin and thiosangivamycin on nuclear ribonucleic acid synthesis in L1210 cells in vitro. PMID- 7362645 TI - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase: effects of the hyperglycaemic agent 3 aminopicolinic acid. PMID- 7362646 TI - Glutathione and the mitochondrial reduction of some diazenes. PMID- 7362647 TI - The effect of halogenated amphetamines on protein synthesis in newborn rats. PMID- 7362648 TI - The interaction of aliphatic nitro compounds with the liver microsomal monooxygenase system. PMID- 7362650 TI - Purification of soluble glutaminase from pig brain. PMID- 7362649 TI - Importance of the lactonic ring in the activity of steroidal antialdosterones. PMID- 7362651 TI - Stability of nitrosoacetoxymethylmethylamine in in vitro systems and in vivo and its excretion by the rat organism. PMID- 7362652 TI - Distribution and properties of a mammalian soluble epoxide hydrase. PMID- 7362653 TI - Influence of decamethonium and suxamethonium on the conformation of tryptophan side chain chromophores of membrane bound extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors. PMID- 7362654 TI - Effects of inducers and inhibitors of rat liver mono-oxygenases on digitoxin metabolism. PMID- 7362655 TI - In vivo acetaldehyde in the brain of the rat treated with ethanol. PMID- 7362656 TI - Effect of oxamniquine on liver, spleen, kidney and bladder B-glucuronidase in normal and Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. PMID- 7362657 TI - Postnatal development of sex-dependent differences in the metabolism of diazepam by rat liver. PMID- 7362658 TI - Trans-membrane alkylation: a new method for studying irreversible binding of reactive metabolites to nucleic acids. PMID- 7362659 TI - Induction of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase in chick embryo kidney. PMID- 7362660 TI - Characterization of blood disappearance and tissue distribution of [3H]cannabidiol. PMID- 7362661 TI - Effects of paraquat and related herbicides on the acetylcholinesterase of rat lung. PMID- 7362662 TI - A monoamine oxidase inhibitor in human urine. PMID- 7362663 TI - Occurrence of methionine enkephalin in human placental villus. PMID- 7362664 TI - Measurement of patient outcome in arthritis. AB - A structure for representation of patient outcome is presented, together with a method for outcome measurement and validation of the technique in rheumatoid arthritis. The paradigm represents outcome by five separate dimensions: death, discomfort, disability, drug (therapeutic) toxicity, and dollar cost. Each dimension represents an outcome directly related to patient welfare. Quantitation of these outcome dimensions may be performed at interview or by patient questionnaire. With standardized, validated questions, similar scores are achieved by both methods. The questionnaire technique is preferred since it is inexpensive and does not require interobserver validation. These techniques appear extremely useful for evaluation of long term outcome of patients with rheumatic diseases. PMID- 7362665 TI - Measuring health status in arthritis. The arthritis impact measurement scales. AB - A multidimensional index that measures the health status of individuals with arthritis has been developed. The Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS) are a combination of previously studied and newly created health status scales which assess physical, emotional, and social well-being. The self-administered AIMS questionnaire has been pilot tested in a mixed arthritis population. Results indicate that the instrument is practical and that it generates scalable, reliable, and valid measures of both aggregated and disaggregated health status. The AIMS approach to health status measurement should prove useful for evaluating the outcomes of arthritis treatments and programs. PMID- 7362666 TI - The toxicity pattern of D-penicillamine therapy. A guide to its use in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - One hundred and one patients with rheumatoid arthritis were followed prospectively to assess the efficacy and toxicity of therapy with D penicillamine. After a mean total followup of 11.5 months (38 patients have completed 2 years of followup) there was a 70% overall improvement rate with 2 complete remissions. Sixty-one patients developed 84 separate toxic reactions, 36 of which required drug withdrawal. Skin rashes (27/84), proteinuria (15/84), low platelets (14/84), and taste abnormalities (10/84) were the most common side effects of therapy at a mean D-penicillamine dose of 463 mg/day. The majority of toxic reactions (85%) occurred in the first 6 months, but proteinuria and thrombocytopenia were more common in the 6 to 12 month treatment period. Previous gold toxicity was a risk factor for developing D-penicillamine toxicity (10/13). Our observations suggest that D-penicillamine related toxicity is a major problem even at 500 mg/day, but the drug can be used with an increased safety margin after 9 months of continuous therapy. PMID- 7362667 TI - Diagnostic potential of in vivo capillary microscopy in scleroderma and related disorders. AB - The prevalence of scleroderma-type capillary abnormalities, as observed by in vivo microscopy, was determined in 173 patients from three rheumatic disease centers. The patients had a variety of connective tissue diseases: scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) 50; systemic lupus erythematosus 60; mixed connective disease 26; Raynaud's disease 11; other rheumatic disorders 26. Enlarged and deformed capillary loops surrounded by relatively avascular areas, most prominently in the nail-folds, were found in 82% of patients with scleroderma and in 54% with mixed connective tissue disease. The rarity of these abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus (2%) despite the presence of Raynaud's phenomenon suggests that they are not an expression of the Raynaud's phenomenon frequently associated with scleroderma and mixed connective tissue disease. The single patient with Raynaud's disease and sclerodermatype capillary changes subsequently developed scleroderma. PMID- 7362668 TI - In vitro synthesis of tissue-specific type II collagen by healing cartilage. I. Short-term repair of cartilage by mature rabbits. AB - The healing of surgically induced defects in mature rabbits' hyaline cartilage was examined histologically and biochemically. The subchondral bone underneath the lesion was the source of repair. At the end of the first month, mushroom shaped chondroid buds were seen sprouting from the subchondral bone. By the tenth week, these buds fused to a cartilagenous plug filling the lesion. The repaired cartilage synthesized Type II collagen. PMID- 7362669 TI - Effect of platelet lysate on growth and sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis in articular chondrocyte cultures. AB - Human platelet lysate (PL) has a strong growth promoting action on rabbit articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture. The responsible factor is heat stable (56 degrees C, 30 minutes) and above 10,000 MW. PL (80 microgram protein/ml) reduces cell protein content and sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Synthesis of DNA is stimulated within the first 12 hours of culture but the decline in radiosulfate incorporation lags. PL acts to a slight extent on chondrocytes in serum-free media, but its effect is potentiated by "platelet-poor human serum" or fetal bovine serum. PL is one of several agents having such effects on chondrocytes cultured in serum-containing media. Stimulation of growth in this cell type thus reduces nonreplicative biosynthetic activity nonspecifically. In the epiphyseal growth plate and in pathologic alterations of permeability of the matrix of articular cartilage, platelet-derived factors, together with somatomedin or other cofactors in serum, may be the principal mediator of growth of chondrocytes in vivo. PMID- 7362670 TI - Left atrial myxoma presenting as a systemic vasculitis. AB - Left atrial myxoma has often stimulated systemic vasculitis or a connective tissue disease, but the diagnosis is usually suggested by cardiac symptoms or signs. The present case report is both unusual and instructive in that the patient presented with a painless left foot drop followed by digital vasculitis. Laboratory findings included depressed total hemolytic complement and elevated anti-double-stranded DNA. Despite frequent and careful observation, a heart murmur was not appreciated. Because of the unusual features and the patient's frequent military travels, the diagnosis of left atrial myxoma was not established for 8 months. This case history stresses the importance of considering the possibility of atrial myxoma in patients with heart murmurs whose symptoms, physical findings, and laboratory studies could be compatible with a systemic vasculitis. PMID- 7362671 TI - Coexistent rheumatoid arthritis and chronic tophaceous gout. PMID- 7362672 TI - Adult Still's disease associated with pregnancy. PMID- 7362673 TI - Propranolol and the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7362674 TI - Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and hydroxychloroquine. PMID- 7362675 TI - Marked synovial sensitivity to pricking in Behcet's syndrome. PMID- 7362677 TI - "Last" bursitis--a cause of ankle pain. PMID- 7362676 TI - Clinical experience--NSAID. PMID- 7362678 TI - Gastric volvulus and Felty's syndrome. PMID- 7362679 TI - Bed rest at home for rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7362680 TI - Treatment decisions in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Rheumatologists and nephrologists were surveyed, by the use of specifically designed case histories, regarding their management of selected aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Treatment was individualized on a case by case basis by the vast majority of respondents. There was agreement on the initial treatment of SLE involving mild arthritis, active nephritis, or central nervous system disease and on steroid tapering practices. There was disagreement about treatment of a "serologic flare" and the management of late-stage nephropathy. Academic centers were more selective and less aggressive than practicing subspecialists. Areas of concordance document current standard treatment practices but sometimes show dissociation between the degree of consensus and the level of available medical knowledge. PMID- 7362681 TI - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for quantitation of IgM rheumatoid factor. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay capable of detecting nanogram quantities of human IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) in biologic fluids has been developed. Binding curves for monoclonal IgM RF and polyclonal IgM rheumatoid factors were similar under the conditions utilized for the assay. Human IgG did not interfere with the detection of IgM RF by this method. Small quantities (less than or equal to 0.2%) of nonspecific binding by nonRF IgM to the human IgG coated tubes utilized in the assay were corrected for by assaying samples in parallel bovine serum albumin coated control tubes. As expected, patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had significantly higher concentrations of IgM RF than seronegative RA patients (mean +/- 1 SD = 652 +/- 553 microgram/ml versus 11.3 +/ 13.3 microgram/ml, P less than 0.001). In contrast, all normal control sera assayed to date contained less than 0.1 microgram/ml of IgM RF. The capacity of the assay to detect nanogram quantities of IgM RF should permit investigation of the cellular mechanisms underlying RF production. PMID- 7362682 TI - HLA antigens and rheumatoid arthritis. Association between HLA-DRw4 positivity and IgM rheumatoid factor production. AB - Serologic HLA typing was carried out on 33 seropositive and 15 seronegative patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Association with the DRw4 antigen was found only in seropositive RA (61%, compared with 27% in normal controls; P less than 0.05, Fisher's exact test), whereas the antigen had a normal frequency in seronegative RA patients (27%). The serum concentrations of IgM and IgE immunoglobulins were significantly higher in seropositive than in seronegative RA patients (p less than 0.01, Mann-Whitney test), whereas the concentrations of the other immunoglobulin classes and of the complement factors C3 and C4 did not show any significant differences. PMID- 7362683 TI - Vertebral osteophyte formation in experimental disc degeneration. Morphologic and proteoglycan changes over time. AB - Experimental intervertebral disc degeneration produced in rabbits by ventral nuclear herniation reliably produces vertebral osteophytes. Osteophytes arise from proliferating inner annular fibers which undergo metaplasia into cartilage, calcify, and proceed through an endochondral ossification sequence. Proteoglycans extracted from the osteophytes reveal that the degree of aggregation, molecular size of the monomer, and the chondroitin sulfate/keratin sulfate ratio are directly related to the cartilage state of the tissue. PMID- 7362684 TI - Joint motion in the absence of normal loading does not maintain normal articular cartilage. PMID- 7362685 TI - Reiter's disease in women. PMID- 7362686 TI - Undifferentiated connective tissue syndromes. PMID- 7362687 TI - Geographical distribution of consultant rheumatologists in the United States- 1979. PMID- 7362688 TI - Inflammatory arthritis and subcutaneous fat necrosis associated with acute and chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7362689 TI - Relapsing polychondritis. A feature of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - In summary, we have presented two well documented cases of SLE with relapsing polychondritis. The chondritis was not a presenting feature and had no obvious prognostic significance. Neither patient has developed any further manifestations of relapsing polychondritis. A local immune complex etiology may be suggested by the laboratory findings. Treatment with corticosteroids was associated with the resolution of inflammation within a few days. Relapsing polychondritis should be recognized as an uncommon feature of SLE. PMID- 7362690 TI - Features of systemic lupus erythematosus and sarcoidosis occurring together. PMID- 7362692 TI - SLE in Malaysian ethnic groups. PMID- 7362691 TI - Intravenous colchicine in the treatment of acute pseudogout. PMID- 7362694 TI - Felty's syndrome in blacks. PMID- 7362693 TI - Polymyositis with acute myolysis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with penicillamine and ampicillin. PMID- 7362695 TI - Rheumatoid factors in the serum of gouty patients. PMID- 7362696 TI - High density lipoproteins during hypolipidemic therapy. A comparative study of four drugs. AB - The high density lipoprotein HDL) response of 14 hyperlipidemic subjects to four hypolipidemic agents was studied through serial measurement of HDL cholesterol and apolipoproteins A-I and A-II before and during 3 months each (separated by 2 months off drug) of clofibrate (2 g/day, n = 14), colestipol (20 g/day, n = 12), para-amino salicylic acid--ascorbate (PAS-C, 6--8 g/day, n = 14) taken in random sequence and oxandrolone (7.5 mg/day, n = 11) as the final drug. The maximal effect of each drug appeared by the first monthly evaluation, and A-1, A-II and HDL cholesterol levels returned to pretreatment levels by one month after discontinuation of each agent. With clofibrate, HDL cholesterol increased by 16 +/- 20% from baseline (mean +/- SD) (P less than 0.05), A-I by 11 +/- 13% (P less than 0.05) and A-II by 39 +/- 17% (P less than 0.01). During oxandrolone HDL cholesterol declined by 36 +/- 20% from baseline (P less than 0.01), A-I by 21 +/ 13% (P less than 0.01), and A-II by 16 +/- 11% (P less than 0.025). Neither PAS C nor colestipol exerted major effects on HDL, or any of the variables although both were associated with a slight rise in the A-I/A-II ratio (11 +/- 15% and 12 +/- 12%, respectively). PMID- 7362697 TI - Influence of dietary fats on the fluidity of the lipid domains of rabbit plasma lipoproteins. AB - The effects of dietary stearic and other saturated fatty acids on the fluidity of the plasma lipoproteins were assessed with fluorescence polarization techniques. Rabbits were maintained on diets containing either cocoa butter, milkfat, coconut oil, or corn oil as the only source of fat. Microviscosities eta, of the lipid regions of plasma very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), and high density lipoproteins (HDL) were determined by measuring the anisotropy of fluorescence from the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. The microviscosity values followed the sequence eta HDL greater than eta LDL greater than eta VLDL when the lipoproteins were isolated from the plasma of rabbits fed cocoa butter, milkfat, or corn oil, HDL and LDL consist of an invariant phase in the temperature range 0--50 degrees C regardless of diet. VLDL from rabbits fed milkfat, corn oil, or cocoa butter displayed monophasic behavior in the same range, while VLDL, from rabbits fed coconut oil showed a phase transition at 31.9 +/- 3.7 degrees C. Lipoproteins were less fluid in fasted than in non-fasted rabbits and VLDL and LDL from fasted milkfat-fed rabbits showed phase transitions. Despite the fatty acid compositions of the dietary fats, VLDL and LDL were more fluid from rabbits fed cocoa butter than from rabbits fed corn oil; apparently metabolism influences microviscosity. PMID- 7362698 TI - Time course of diet-exacerbated carotid artery atherogenesis in the White Carneau pigeon. AB - The carotid arteries of White Carneau pigeons fed an atherogenic diet developed fatty streaks, proliferative and atheromatous lesions. The carotid bifurcation had accelerated lesion development when compared to either the proximal internal carotid or the dorsal carotid artery. After 4 weeks of being fed an atherogenic diet, the bifurcation region of all birds showed some lesion involvement. Lesions at the bifurcation initially involved the medial and lateral walls; flow dividers became involved slightly later, with the anterior flow divider consistently developing thicker lesions than the posterior flow divider. Lesions progressed in terms of length of circumference, mean thickness, cross-sectional area, and percent lumen stenosis as the time fed the atherogenic diet increased.20 PMID- 7362699 TI - Therapeutic effects of ML-236B in primary hypercholesterolemia. AB - ML-236B, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, was administered to 11 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. After 4--8 weeks of drug treatment at doses of 50--150 mg/day, serum cholesterol levels were reduced by 11--37% (27% on average) in cases of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and combined hyperlipidemia. A marked reduction in tuberous xanthomas was noticed in a homozygous case of familial hypercholesterolemia, but here the drug was less effective in reducing the serum cholesterol level and a higher dose was required for treatment. Softening of Achilles tendon xantomas was observed in a case of combined hyperlipidemia. PMID- 7362700 TI - Protein, glycoprotein and glycolipid profiles of human arterial and venous tissues. AB - Selected normal human arteries and veins were solubilized with detergents, neutral salt buffers and organic solvents. Comparative sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gels and thin layer chromatographic plates were developed and the patterns compared. The low molecular weight periodic acid--Schiff positive band seen in crude detergent extracts of vascular tissue is predominantly glycolipid. Arterial and venous tissues closely resemble one another with only minor differences in the glycoprotein and glycolipid patterns. PMID- 7362701 TI - Effects of a 6-month industrial fitness programme on serum lipid concentrations. AB - The serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides) has been studied in 98 men and 158 women before and 6 months after introducing an employee fitness programme. Over this period, the sample sorted itself into 4 sub-groups (non-participants, drop-outs, high adherents, and low adherents). The high-adherents attended 2--3 30-min physical activity classes per week over the 6-month study, progressing to 15--17 min of aerobic activity per session, with significant gains of predicted maximum oxygen intake, and reductions of body fat. Nevertheless, there were few "favourable" changes of lipids that could be related to the physical activity sessions. A decrease of total cholesterol (mainly in the women) was unrelated to the changes of maximum oxygen intake, and occurred equally in non-participants and high adherents. High adherent women showed a decrease of LDL cholesterol, but this also was almost matched by changes in non-participants, while the main response of HDL cholesterol was a decrease in non-participants and drop-outs rather than an increase in high-adherents. It is concluded that if data are collected while subjects are in energy balance and persisting with their activity, a programme of the intensity practical in an employee fitness class has little impact upon blood lipids. PMID- 7362702 TI - Characterization and properties of a lipoprotein-complexing proteoglycan from human aorta. AB - The preparation of a proteoglycan (PG) from human aortic intima-media is described. The PG was obtained from intima-media homogenates by differential centrifugation, exclusion chromatography and preparative agarose electrophoresis. Crude or purified preparations of the proteoglycan are capable of forming specific insoluble complexes with LDL, purified or in serum. This product has been labelled lipoprotein-complexing proteoglycan (LCP-3). On agarose and cellulose acetate electrophoresis LCP-3 appears as a single band. However, its glycosaminoglycan (GAG) moiety shows a composition and chromatographic behaviour compatible with hybrid or mixed chains of chondroitin-6-so4, dermatan sulfate and heparin and/or heparan sulfate. The specificity of LCP-3 for LDL disappears when it is treated with testicular hyaluronidase or proteolytic enzymes. Ionic strength, pH, Ca++ and Mg++ modulate the amount of LDL insolubilized. The amino acid composition of the protein from LCP-3 is that of a basic protein(s), perhaps bound covalently through xylose--serine residues to the GAG's. The estimated molecular weight of LCP-3 is 1 to 5 x 10(6) daltons. The presence of LCP-3 to intima-media and its specificity for interacting with LDL at conditions near to physiological ones are suggestive of the role that this type of structure may play in the association of the atherogenic lipoproteins with components of the arterial intima-media. PMID- 7362703 TI - Quantitative study of the rabbit aortic endothelium using vascular casts. AB - A quantitative study of the en face size and shape of rabbit endothelial cells from the ventral mid-thoracic and ventral infrarenal abdominal aorta has been carried out in 6 rabbits. Photomicrographs were taken from vascular casts of the rabbit aorta and the endothelial cell outlines were analyzed quantitatively using a digitizer and digital computer. The morphology of the endothelial cells was described using 8 calculated parameters (area, perimeter, length, width, angle of orientation, width:length ratio, axis intersection ratio and shape index). The endothelial cells in both locations had the same surface area (P greater than 0.30); however, the cells in the abdominal aorta were longer (P less than 0.01) and narrower (P less than 0.01) than those in the thoracic aorta. This fact is reflected by the smaller value for the shape index and width : length ratio in the abdominal aorta (P less than 0.01). Cells in both the thoracic and abdominal aorta were aligned with the flow direction. PMID- 7362704 TI - Regression of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7362705 TI - Regression of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7362707 TI - Mechanism of influence of PR interval on loudness of first heart sound. PMID- 7362708 TI - Pulsed Doppler echocardiography for diagnosis of ventricular septal defects. AB - In order to assess the performance of pulsed Doppler echocardiography and to examine the factors affecting its reliability for the diagnosis of ventricular septal defects, 51 patients, in whom angiographic studies had recently been performed, were investigated before and after operation by this technique. The diagnosis was correct in all cases with left-to-right shunt, when the defect was located either in the upper muscular or in the infracristal portion of the septum, even when pulmonary hypertension or additional cardiac malformations were present. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography did not differentiate between supracristal ventricular septal defects and obstruction of the right ventricular outflow. Apical muscular defects were never observed in our cases. Defects of the inlet portion were not localised by the method. In cases with bidirectional shunt, pulsed Doppler echocardiography failed to provide any diagnostic clue. When a right-to-left shunt was present, only in one case with membranous pseudoaneurysm could pulsed Doppler echocardiography provide an exact description of the haemodynamics before and after operation. In 12 of 22 patients with tetralogy of Fallot, pulsed Doppler echocardiography showed flow tracings possibly related to the septal defect. The site of defect and the extent and direction of intracardiac shunting seem to be the main factors affecting its diagnostic performance in ventricular septal defects. PMID- 7362706 TI - Assessment of function of contractile segments in patients with left ventricular aneurysms by quantitative first pass radionuclide ventriculography. Haemodynamic correlation at rest and exercise. AB - Thirteen patients with left ventricular aneurysms complicating myocardial infarction were studied by contrast angiography and by first pass radionuclide ventriculography. The ejection fraction of the contractile segment (EFCS) was measured from both studies using a double hemishperoid model, and the values correlated closely. There was a monotonic relation between EFCS and stroke volume index measured from thermodilution cardiac outputs carried out simultaneously with the radionuclide study. When radionuclide ventriculography was performed at submaximal supine exercise, changes in EFCS paralleled changes in the total left ventricular ejection fraction in 10 of the 13 cases. In nine patients, changes in EFCS paralleled changes in stroke volume index and the relation between EFCS and stroke volume index was maintained at exercise. After administration of the vasodilator isosorbide dinitrate to 12 patients, repeat exercise radionuclide ventriculography showed an improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction and in eight patients EFCS improved. First pass radionuclide ventriculography can accurately estimate EFCS, which may be an important factor in predicting the likely response to aneurysmectomy. Changes in EFCS on exercise are reflected in changes in total left ventricular ejection fraction and stroke volume index. Isosorbide dinitrate may improve contractile segment function on exercise. PMID- 7362709 TI - Scanning suprasternal echocardiography. AB - Scanning suprasternal echocardiography was performed in 280 patients with a variety of cardiac anomalies. By using the special suprasternal transducer on the suprasternal notch, the aortic arch, right pulmonary artery, and left atrium were recorded superoinferiorly. From this reference position various scanning techniques were made to record the main pulmonary artery, pulmonary valve, ascending aorta, aortic valve, and distal aortic arch, wherever possible. These scans made it possible to assess (a) the integrity and size of right pulmonary artery and main pulmonary artery in pulmonary atresia, stenosis of origin of right pulmonary artery, pulmonary artery banding, kinked Waterston anastomosis, and aneurysm of pulmonary artery; (b) relative positions of aortic valve and pulmonary valve in malposition complexes; (c) the position and size of the aortic arch in tetralogy of Fallot and aortic coarctation. Measurements of the left atrium made by suprasternal echocardiography were consistently larger than those made by praecordial echocardiography. Changes in relative sizes of aortic arch, right pulmonary artery, main pulmonary artery, and left atrium were also documented in the various cardiac anomalies. The atrial baffle after Mustard repair for d-transposition of the great arteries and the atrial membrane in cor triatriatum were also demonstrated. The introduction of scanning techniques has thus widened the scope of suprasternal echocardiography. PMID- 7362710 TI - Five-year survival of 728 patients after myocardial infarction. A community study. AB - This study deals with the five-year survival of 728 myocardial infarction patients who survived the first 28 days after the onset of symptoms. The series was collected by the Helsinki Coronary Register and includes all cases of acute myocardial infarction in the population who were under 66 years of age during the period 1 July 1970 to 30 June 1971. Of the 219 patients who subsequently died, 81.8 per cent died from ischaemic heart disease. The mortality was highest during the first year after the acute phase but did not decrease after the second year. The mortality was higher in patients with a transmural infarction (five-year mortality 34.0%) compared with those with a nontransmural infarction (19.7%). The mortality also was higher for recurrent acute myocardial infractions than for first attacks. The five-year mortality for women was less (20.5%, age-adjusted) than for men (31.6%). This is mainly because of the higher incidence of nontransmural infarcts in women. Acute ischaemic heart disease is more common, more often fatal, and has a poorer long-term prognosis in men than in women in Helsinki. The acute mortality from acute ischaemic heart disease is high in Helsinki when compared with other WHO registers and, in addition, the long-term prognosis seems to be relatively poor in Helsinki. PMID- 7362711 TI - Mechanocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in coronary artery disease. PMID- 7362712 TI - Large right atrial thrombosis. Rare complication during permanent transvenous endocardial pacing. AB - Right atrial thrombosis is a rare complication of permanent endocardial pacing. We report two cases with large right atrial thrombi which occurred during permanent endocardial electrical stimulation. Both patients were women, aged 83 and 89 years, who died suddenly, respectively, one month and 24 days after pacemaker implantation. At the time of death the two patients were in severe persistent refractory congestive heart failure despite appropriate medical treatment. At necropsy large mobile right atrial thrombi were found in both cases. PMID- 7362713 TI - Clinical evaluation of Dinamap 845 automated blood pressure recorder. AB - The Dinamap 845 blood pressure recorder has been evaluated over a wide range of blood pressure by comparison with the Hawksley random zero sphygmomanometer in 32 subjects, six of whom had a cardiac arrhythmia. Group mean radings for systolic and phase 5 diastolic pressure were almost identical but Dinamap diastolic values were on average significantly lower (mean difference 3.4 mmHg) than phase 4 diastolic readings obtained with the Hawksley machine. Correlations between readings with the two instruments were high but the slopes and intercepts of the regression for systolic but not diastolic pressure were significantly different from unity and zero, respectively. The Dinamap is easy to use, portable, and capable of rejecting some motion artefact. Its major disadvantage is that the systolic blood pressure measurement is limited to a maximum of 210 mmHg, a point not made clear in the manufacturer's literature. Nevertheless, the Dinamap 845 is acceptable for blood pressure determinations in subjects who are normotensive or who have mild hypertension. PMID- 7362715 TI - Second report of a Joint Cardiology Committee of the Royal College of Physicians of London and the Royal College of Surgeons of England on combined cardiac centres for investigation and treatment with a note on the requirements of cardiology in hospitals outside such a centre. PMID- 7362714 TI - Salbutamol in treatment of heart failure. AB - The haemodynamic effects of oral and intravenous salbutamol were investigated in 22 patients with chronic heart failure. Intravenous salbutamol (13 micrograms/min) increased cardiac index by 53 per cent from 1.5 +/- 0.13 1/min per m2 to 2.3 +/- 0.23 1/min per m2 and decreased systemic vascular resistance by 28 per cent from 29.4 +/- 3.9 units to 21.2 +/- 2.5 units. Heart rate rose by 10 per cent from 101 +/- 3.5 beats per minute to 111 +/- 3.2 beats per minute and pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure fell by 13 per cent from 26.3 +/- 1.8 mmHg to 22.8 +/- 2.1 mmHg. Similar results were obtained after oral salbutamol (8 mg). Cardiac index rose by 40 per cent and systemic vascular resistance fell by 30 per cent. There was a small rise in heart rate and a variable and not significant change in pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure. Experiments on isolated rabbit papillary muscle showed that salbutamol, at the concentration which exists in patients, had no detectable positive inotropic effect. It is probable that the increase in cardiac output in patients is primarily the result of reduced afterload caused by vasodilatation. Salbutamol is a useful drug in the treatment of chronic heart failure. PMID- 7362716 TI - Haemodynamic effects of oral salbutamol alone and in combination with sublingual isosorbide dinitrate in patients with severe congestive cardiac failure. AB - To examine possible augmentation of the effects of isosorbide dinitrate by salbutamol, haemodynamic measurements were made in 10 patients with severe chronic congestive cardiac failure who received isosorbide dinitrate 2.5 to 25 mg sublingually and salbutamol 4 to 12 mg orally, alone and in combination. Isosorbide dinitrate reduced mean left ventricular filling pressure from 29 to 18 mmHg and increased mean cardiac index from 1.7 to 2.0 1/min per m2, with no significant change in mean heart rate. Systemic arterial mean pressure fell from 85 to 72 mmHg. Salbutamol increased cardiac index from 1.8 to 2.2 1/min per m2. There was no significant change in left ventricular filling pressure, heart rate, or systemic arterial pressure. Compared with control, combined isosorbide dinitrate and salbutamol reduced left ventricular filling pressure from 27 to 19 mmHg and increased cardiac index from 1.8 to 2.7 1/min per m2, with no significant change in heart rate. Systemic arterial pressure fell from 82 to 75 mmHg. The reduction in left ventricular filling pressure by combined treatment was similar to that produced by isosorbide dinitrate alone, but the increase in cardiac index was significantly greater than that produced either by isosorbide dinitrate alone or salbutamol alone. Combined sublingual isosorbide dinitrate and oral salbutamol have an additive effect in improving left ventricular performance in patients with severe chronic congestive cardiac failure. PMID- 7362717 TI - Relation between isovolumic relaxation period of left ventricle and pulmonary artery pressure in d-transposition of the great arteries. AB - The study aimed to identify the best echocardiographic time interval (systolic or diastolic) for assessing pulmonary artery pressure in children with d transposition of the great arteries. Echocardiograms were performed in 21 children with d-transposition of the great arteries within 48 hours of cardiac catheterisation. None of the children had had a Mustard procedure. Twenty-four recordings were obtained, three patients having been catheterised twice. Highest correlations were found for the ratio of the isovolumic relaxation time over the ejection time of the left ventricle (IRT/LVET) to the systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery and also between IRT/LVET and the difference between mean pulmonary artery pressure and mean left atrial pressure. All patients with a negative IRT/LVET ratio had a pulmonary systolic pressure lower than 35 mmHg and a mean pulmonary pressure lower than 25 mmHg. In patients with d-transposition, a negative IRT/LVET ratio appears to be a reliable indication of normal pressure in the pulmonary circulation. Serial echocardiographic studies for the follow-up of patients with d-transposition should include measurement of the time of relaxation of the left ventricle. PMID- 7362718 TI - Non-invasive diagnosis of a false left ventricular aneurysm by echocardiography and pulsed Doppler echocardiography. PMID- 7362719 TI - Rheumatoid aortic valve prolapse requiring emergency aortic valve replacement. AB - Rapid progression of aortic regurgitation was closely observed in a patient with severe seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid changes within the aortic valve leaflets resulted in severe prolapse necessitating emergency operation. The postoperative course was satisfactory. PMID- 7362720 TI - Thrombosis and embolism complicating ventriculoatrial shunt for hydrocephalus: echocardiographic findings. AB - The echocardiographic findings of a right atrial thrombus and its migration to the right ventricle are presented. The thrombus occurred as a complication of an infected ventriculoatrial shunt system of the Pudenz-Heyer type for hydrocephalus. PMID- 7362721 TI - Failure of prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis: American Heart Association Registry. PMID- 7362722 TI - Muscle. PMID- 7362723 TI - Effects of anaesthetics on guineapig tracheal smooth muscle. AB - The effects of i.v. and local anaesthetics on guineapig tracheal smooth muscle have been investigated in vitro. Diazepam, propanidid and ketamine induced relaxation and antagonized histamine-, acetylcholine-and potassium chloride induced contractures in the tracheal smooth muscle. The relaxing effects of the anaesthetics were not affected by propranolol. Thiopentone, at concentrations which would be used clinically, caused contracture of the tracheal smooth muscle. Morphine induced relaxation and antagonized histamine-induced contracture, but did not antagonize acetylcholine-or potassium chloride-induced contractures. Lignocaine and procaine, at clinical concentrations, induced contracture of tracheal smooth muscle. Large doses of lignocaine relaxed the tracheal muscle, but large doses of procaine induced spontaneous rhythmical movements. Lignocaine and procaine antagonized contractures induced by histamine, acetylcholine and potassium chloride. PMID- 7362724 TI - Postoperative muscle pains and suxamethonium. AB - Two matched groups of patients with Hodgkin's disease undergoing a staging laparotomy received thiopentone, pancuronium bromide or suxamethonium 1.0 mg kg-1 (group 2) to facilitate tracheal intubation. There were no differences in the sites or degree of postoperative myalgia between the groups. It is concluded that efforts to reduce the frequency of suxamethonium muscle pains in patients having major abdominal operations are not justified. PMID- 7362726 TI - Inefficiency of antacid in prevention of aspiration pneumonia. PMID- 7362725 TI - Enflurane in outpatient paediatric dental anaesthesia. A comparison with halothane. AB - Enflurane and halothane were compared as volatile supplements to nitrous oxide anaesthesia for 80 children presenting for outpatient dental extractions. Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia were comparable and satisfactory with both agents, but recovery of consciousness was significantly quicker following enflurance anaesthesia. Full recovery from either enflurance or halothane was of similar duration. PMID- 7362727 TI - Delayed blockage in an extradural catheter. PMID- 7362728 TI - I.V. equipment design and infection. PMID- 7362729 TI - Fibrin (ogen) degradation products and prostaglandin interactions on human basilar artery [proceedings]. PMID- 7362730 TI - Hypnotics: rebound insomnia and residual sequelae. PMID- 7362731 TI - Drug utilization and therapeutic audit. PMID- 7362732 TI - Observations on the muscle abnormality of the human sigmoid colon in diverticular disease. AB - 1 Pharmacological experiments were performed on circular and longitudinal muscle strips of sigmoid colon from diverticular disease specimens, and their responses compared with those of similar muscle strips from sigmoid colon resected from carcinoma (control). 2 The longitudinal muscle strips from diverticular disease specimens were significantly less responsive to acetylcholine, histamine or noradrenaline than control longitudinal muscle strips. 3 The responses of the diverticular circular muscle strips showed a small decrease to acetylcholine, a small increase to noradrenaline and no change to histamine when compared to control strips. PMID- 7362733 TI - Effect of sulphinpyrazone on human platelet aggregation, 5-hydroxytryptamine release and adhesion ex vivo: comparison with naproxen. AB - 1 The effects of single doses of naproxen and sulphinpyrazone and of 4 and 8 days treatment with sulphinpyrazone on human platelet responsiveness were compared. 2 A single dose of sulphinpyrazone had no effect whereas a single dose of naproxen caused a five-fold depression in responsiveness to collagen. 3 Repeated administration of sulphinpyrazone led to a weak and equivocal inhibitory effect on collagen-induced aggregation, second phase aggregation in response to ADP and adhesion to collagen. There was no effect on ADP-induced first phase aggregation, adrenaline-induced second phase aggregation or platelet retention in glass bead columns. 4 It is concluded that the anti-aggregant activity of sulphinpyrazone is too weak to be a major factor in its reported effect on the incidence of cardiac death. PMID- 7362734 TI - A comparison of the pharmacodynamic profiles of nomifensine and amitriptyline in normal subjects. AB - 1 Six healthy male volunteers participated in a double-blind placebo crossover comparison of the pharmacodynamic profiles of single oral doses of 75 mg nomifensine and 50 mg amitriptyline. 2 Nomifensine treatment did not influence salivary flow and did not significantly affect psychomotor performance (critical flicker fusion, pursuit rotor and reaction time): in addition nomifensine had no significant effect on subjective measurements of sedation and concentration. 3 By contrast, amitriptyline treatment significantly reduced salivary flow and was associated with significant sedation and reduced concentration: significant changes in psychomotor performance were also noted. 4 Plasma concentrations of amitriptyline and nomifensine were measured at 2 h. The respective median concentration values were 55.0 ng/ml and 52.0 ng/ml. 5 Ex vivo platelet amine uptake of dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) was measured 2 h after each treatment. Both nomifensine and amitriptyline treatment significantly inhibited DA uptake to a similar extent. Amitriptyline treatment additionally inhibited 5 HT uptake. PMID- 7362735 TI - Metabolism of nomifensine (Alival, Merital): isolation and identification of the conjugates of nomifensine-14C from human urine. AB - 1 It can be stated in regard to the metabolism of nomifensine that the metabolites and also the starting compound are present in alkaline urine almost completely in conjugated form. 2 The metabolites M I-M III represent about 30% of the radioactivity excreted with urine. Two-thirds are N-glucuronides and one third O-glucuronides. 3 Nearly the entire remainder of the renally eliminated radioactivity in nomifensine which is present in conjugated form as N glucuronide. 4 Thus over 90% of the metabolites formed in man and excreted via urine have been identified. PMID- 7362737 TI - The in vitro metabolism of ethinyloestradiol, levonorgestrel and mestranol by human jejunal mucosa [proceedings]. PMID- 7362736 TI - Salbutamol aerosol causes a tachycardia due to the inhaled rather than the swallowed fraction. PMID- 7362738 TI - Inter-ethnic and inter-phenotype differences among Ghanaians and Caucasians in the metabolic hydroxylation of phenytoin [proceedings]. PMID- 7362739 TI - The influence of changes in dietary fat on the clearance of antipyrine and 4 hydroxylation of debrisoquine. PMID- 7362740 TI - Antipyrine as an in vitro probe of mixed function oxidase activity [proceeding]. PMID- 7362741 TI - Effect of glutethimide on serum lipids and lipoproteins in normal subjects [proceedings]. PMID- 7362742 TI - The effect of different doses of rifampicin on thyroid hormone metabolism [proceedings]. PMID- 7362743 TI - Rifampicin and vitamin D metabolism in man [proceedings]. PMID- 7362744 TI - The effect of diflunisal on the steady state pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of warfarin [proceedings]. PMID- 7362745 TI - Human lung adrenoceptors identified by radioligand binding [proceedings]. PMID- 7362746 TI - The effect of salbutamol on airways following maximal response to theophylline [proceedings]. PMID- 7362747 TI - Methotrexate kinetics: dose dependent change in clearance following bolus i.v. injection [proceedings]. PMID- 7362748 TI - A comparison of mexiletine and a slow release formulation of mexiletine in patients admitted to a coronary care unit [proceedings]. PMID- 7362749 TI - Pharmacokinetics of lignocaine in the elderly [proceedings]. PMID- 7362750 TI - The influence of the frequency of daily dosage on digoxin compliance [proceedings]. PMID- 7362751 TI - The active constituent of spironolactone after acute administration in man [proceedings]. PMID- 7362752 TI - The relative activities of atenolol and metoprolol on the cardiovascular system of man [proceedings]. PMID- 7362753 TI - No evidence for antagonism of clonidine by naloxone in man [proceedings]. PMID- 7362754 TI - Water intoxication produced by carbamazepine and its reversal by phenytoin [proceedings]. PMID- 7362755 TI - Stimulation of drug metabolism by folate replacement in folate-deficient epileptic patients [proceedings]. PMID- 7362756 TI - Pharmacokinetics of nortriptyline in elderly depressed patients and prediction of optimal dosage regimes [proceedings]. PMID- 7362757 TI - Comparison of the effects of desipramine and amitriptyline on pupillary responses to noradrenaline and methoxamine in healthy volunteers [proceedings]. PMID- 7362758 TI - Plant essential oils--candidate treatments for atheroma? [proceedings]. PMID- 7362760 TI - The simultaneous determination of neostigmine and pyridostigmine in plasma [proceedings]. PMID- 7362759 TI - Interlaboratory variability in determination of serum antidepressive drug concentrations--results of a quality control programme [proceedings]. PMID- 7362761 TI - Acetylator phenotype, nitrazepam plasma concentrations and residual effects [proceedings]. PMID- 7362762 TI - Induction of microsomal enzyme activity by flupenthixol [proceedings]. PMID- 7362763 TI - Casualty experience of swallowed foreign body. PMID- 7362764 TI - Vaginal prostaglandin tablets for ripening the cervix. PMID- 7362765 TI - Anaemia caused by a giant Meckel's diverticulum and diagnosed by Tc99m pertechnetate. PMID- 7362766 TI - Jejunal injury in blunt abdominal trauma. PMID- 7362767 TI - Spontaneous ureteric rupture--a review. PMID- 7362768 TI - Hypothyroidism. PMID- 7362769 TI - Is tumour radiosensitization by misonidazole a general phenomenon? AB - The response of 14 mouse tumour sub-lines to the radiosensitizing action of a large single dose of misonidazole (MISO) has been assessed by regrowth delay. In 13 of these, significant enhancement of radiation effect occurred under ambient conditions, indicating sensitization of naturally hypoxic cells. The enhancement observed (SER') varied with the radiation dose, as would be predicted for a mixed oxic/hypoxic cell population. The maximum SER' in these 13 tumours did not depend on histology or regrowth rate. The 14th tumour, a slow-growing sarcoma, was not sensitized under ambient conditions, but showed marked sensitization when clamped to produce acutely hypoxic cells. This is consistent with no hypoxic cells occurring naturally in a sarcoma with a slow rate of growth. Faster-growing variants of this tumour showed radiosensitization under ambient conditions. The slow-growing carcinoma, RH, however, appears to contain hypoxic cells and did show sensitization. The cytotoxic action of MISO was compared with the radiosensitization by administering it after irradiation in 8 of the tumour lines. In 2 tumours no cytotoxicity was observed. In the rest cytotoxicity was significant, but much smaller than the sensitization observed when MISO was administered before irradiation. These regrowth-delay data have been used to calculate hypoxic fractions in 3 ways. Estimates of hypoxic fraction ranged from less than 0.1% in the slow sarcoma to greater than or equal to 30% in several tumours. There is considerable variation in the estimate, according to the technique used. PMID- 7362770 TI - Effect of misonidazole and hyperthermia on the radiosensitivity of a C3H mouse mammary carcinoma and its surrounding normal tissue. AB - Both misonidazole (MISO) and hyperthermia are known to enhance the radiation response of hypoxic cells, and to be selectively cytotoxic against cells in a hypoxic and acidic environment. The ability of these conditions to modify the effect of irradiation and their individual relationship was studied in a C3H mammary carcinoma and its surrounding skin. Simultaneous treatment with MISO, hyperthermia and radiation increased the radiation effect, with enhancement ratios (ER) of up to about 15 (1 mg/g MISO and 43.5 degrees C for 60 min.). However, such treatment also caused a smaller hyperthermic radiosensitization of the normal tissue, so that the therapeutic ratio was only increased by a factor of about 3 compared to radiation alone. Simultaneous MISO and radiation followed by hyperthermia 4 h later gave a moderate enhancement, with ER up to 3 in the tumour, but with no enhancement of the normal tissue, so that there is a similar 3-fold increase in therapeutic gain. The mechanism by which MISO and hyperthermia enhanced the radiation response may be explained as an independent action of the hypoxic radiosensitization of MISO and the selective hyperthermic cytotoxicity against acidic and chronic hypoxic cells; simultaneous hyperthermia added a further heat-induced general radiosensitization. Surprisingly, no MISO cytotoxicity could be detected in this tumour system, with or without simultaneous hyperthermia. The results indicate that in the proper treatment schedule, MISO may be a valuable addition to a combined hyperthermia and radiation treatment. PMID- 7362771 TI - Multicellular tumour spheroids: a model for combined in vivo/in vitro assay of tumour immunity. AB - Multicellular tumour spheroids (MTS) from 4 mouse tumours (Line 1 lung carcinoma; a fibrosarcoma, FSA; a mammary carcinoma, MCa-11; and SV40-transformed fibroblasts, SV-A31) WEre injected into the abdominal cavity of normal, immunized or tumour-bearing syngeneic mice, recovered after 4-48 h, and their growth measured in vitro for 7-16 days. Both normal and immunized mice inhibited MTS growth, but there was no correlation between the two types of inhibition, suggesting that different immunological processes were involved. For example, the greatest inhibition by normal mice was seen for the weakly immunogenic MCa-11, and the highly immunogenic tumour, SV-A31, was only moderately inhibited. However, the summed inhibition of MTS growth in normal and sensitized hosts corresponded to the behaviour of tumours as s.c. transplants; i.e., was inversely related to the malignancy of the same tumours. The inhibition of MTS by mice bearing identical early tumours (FSA or MCa-11) was comparable to that in immunized mice. Histological sections of SV-A31 MTS in normal or immunized hosts revealed the infiltration of MTS by various types of host cells, mostly polymorphonuclears, macrophages and lymphocytes. PMID- 7362772 TI - Quantitation of glial fibrillary acidic protein in human brain tumours. AB - The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA) content of 58 human brain tumours was determined by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis, using monospecific antibody against GFA. Astrocytomas, glioblastomas, oligodendrogliomas, spongioblastomas, ependymomas and medulloblastomas contained relatively high amounts of GFA, up to 85 times the concentration in parietal grey substance of normal human brain. GFA was not found in neurinomas, meningiomas, adenomas of the hypophysis, or in a single case of metastasis of adenocarcinoma. Non-glial tumours of craniopharyngioma and haemangioblastoma were infiltrated by reactive astroglia and showed considerable amounts of GFA. PMID- 7362773 TI - Mechanisms of C. Parvum-induced coagulopathy in mice. AB - I.v. injection of Corynebacterium parvum (CP) into C57BL and BALB/c mice caused profound coagulation changes, featuring thrombocytopenia, decreased fibrinogen, increased fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products, and a concomitant microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia. These changes were greatest on the 9th day after CP, with recovery by Day 21. I.p. injection caused similar effects but s.c. injection was ineffective. Radiolabelled-platelet kinetics and distribution after i.v. CP indicated disseminated intravascular coagulation with rapid fibrinolysis; EACA treatment exacerbated the thrombosis. The coagulopathy correlated with hepatosplenomegaly, and both were dose dependent. Splenectomy did not effect the coagulopathy, but indomethacin totally abrogated the changes, suggesting that prostaglandin biosynthesis is involved in the pathogenesis. PMID- 7362774 TI - Clinical applications of receptor measurements in breast cancer. PMID- 7362775 TI - Distribution and pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide in the rat. PMID- 7362776 TI - Influence of tumour volume and cell kinetics on the response of the solid Yoshida sarcoma to hyperthermia (42 degrees C). AB - The cytokinetic response of the solid Yoshida sarcoma to hyperthermia was examined at two tumour volumes, 1.0-1.5 ml and 3.0-3.5 ml. The tumour, growing on the feet of rats, was heated at 42 degrees C for 1 h by water-bath immersion. The larger tumour grew more slowly than the smaller one (doubling time 144 h vs 36 h) due to a halving in growth fraction from 67.8 to 39.6% and an increase in cell loss factor from 59 to 75.9%. Cell cycle and phase times were similar at both volumes. The effect of heat on the population kinetics at both volumes was similar but complex, and involved delayed cell death after up to 10 mitoses. Initial cell killing and blockade of cell-cycle progression (0-24 h) was followed by recovery of proliferation due to recruitment of cells from the non proliferative compartment, cell cycle and phase times remaining unaltered. From 48 h, the proliferation rate declined progressively, and tumours were completely necrotic 7-8 days after heat. The damaging effects of heat were at least as severe in the large tumours with a low labelling index and small growth fraction as in the smaller tumours with a much larger compartment of proliferating cells and shorter doubling time. The results imply that there may be no simple relationship between proliferative status and thermosensitivity of a tumour, and illustrate the difficulty in predicting tumour response to heat on the basis of cytokinetic studies. PMID- 7362777 TI - Levamisole: evidence for activity on human haemopoietic progenitor cells. AB - Levamisole, which has immunostimulant activity, is now being used to treat some forms of cancer. We report that the drug enhances granulocyte colony formation. The mechanism of action appears to be partly through modulation of molecules on cell membranes. The molecular content of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) released into leucocyte-conditioned medium by cells of leukaemic and some preleukaemic patients can be quantitatively altered by levamisole, both in vitro and in vivo, but the CSA produced is qualitatively similar to that released by normal cells. The demonstrated levamisole enhancement of colony formation, and altered CSA types detected in leucocyte-conditioned medium, makes this drug a promising candidate for treatment of selected leukaemic states and in preleukaemia. PMID- 7362778 TI - Influence of prostaglandin analogues on epithelial cell proliferation and xenograft growth. AB - The influence of two prostaglandin (PG) analogues, 16,16-dimethyl PG E2 and 16,16 dimethyl PG F2 alpha and of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, flurbiprofen, on epithelial cell proliferation was assessed using a stathmokinetic technique. The epithelia examined were those of the jejunal crypts, the colonic crypts and that of dimethylhydrazine-induced adenocarcinomas of rat colon. The influence of the two prostaglandin analogues, and of flurbiprofen, on the growth of a human colorectal tumour propagated as xenografts in immune-deprived mice was also assessed. The PG E2 analogue transiently inhibited xenograft growth, but was without effect on the mitotic rate in the rat tissues. The PG F2 alpha analogue was also found to inhibit xenograft growth but, unlike the PG E2 analogue, it was found to be a strong inhibitor of cell proliferation in rat colonic tumours, and an accelerator of proliferation in jejunal-crypt cells. The only statistically significant effect of flurbiprofen was to accelerate cell division in the rat colonic tumours. PMID- 7362779 TI - Human tumour xenografts established and serially transplanted in mice immunologically deprived by thymectomy, cytosine arabinoside and whole-body irradiation. AB - Mice immunologically deprived by thymectomy, cytosine arabinoside treatment and whole-body irradiation were used to study the growth of human tumours as xenografts. 10/16 melanoma biopsies, 4/13 ovarian carcinoma biopsies and 3/6 uterine cancer biopsies grew as serially transpllantable xenograft lines. The tumour lines were studied through serial passages by histology, histochemistry, electron microscopy, chromosome analysis, immune fluorescence, growth rate measurement and mitotic counts. They retained the characteristics of the tumours of origin, with the exception of loss of pigmentation in two melanomas, histological dedifferentiation in the uterine carcinomas, and increased mitotic frequency and growth rate in some melanomas. It was concluded that this type of animal preparation is as useful as alternative methods of immunological deprivation, or as athymic nude mice, for the growth of human tumour xenografts, at least for some experimental purposes. PMID- 7362780 TI - Human regional tumour lymph nodes: alterations of micro-architecture and lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Axillary lymph nodes draining mammary carcinoma showed an alteration of both micro-architectue and lymphocyte subpopulations. Lymph nodes with a normal or increased T and/or B lymphocyte compartment (assessed by histology) had a low incidence of nodal tumour spread, whilst hypocellularity of the T- or B lymphocyte-dependent areas was associated with a significant increase in metastatic invasion. Tumour-draining lymph nodes, in particular the more proximal ones, were often enlarged, spherical and tense due to an increased cellular content, predominatly B lymphocytes and their various subsets. The increased number and percentage of B lymphocytes was associated with follicular hyperplasia and prominent germinal centres. Lymph nodes with a prominent paracortex tended to have a higher ratio of T to B lymphocytes than nodes with a hypocellular paracortical area, but in many instances both the T- and B-lymphocyte-dependent areas were increased. There was no correlation between a particular axillary-node lymphocyte subpopulation pattern (assessed by surface markers) and the size, degree of necrosis, inflammatory infiltrate or histologic type of breast carcinoma, or the presence of metastatic node invasion. PMID- 7362782 TI - The accuracy of colposcopically directed biopsy in patients with suspected intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix. AB - We compared the histological diagnoses of premalignant/malignant lesions of the cervix obtained by examining colposcopically directed biopsy material from 201 outpatients with those obtained by examining tissues from a subsequent, more extensive operative procedure. In all, 98 per cent of operative diagnoses were never more than one degree in advance of diagnoses made by colposcopic biopsy. In all seven patients with invasive or microinvasive squamous carcinoma, the lesion was suspect at colposcopy and confirmed by directed biopsy. PMID- 7362783 TI - Antenatal attendance and screening for neural tube defects. AB - An analysis of factors influencing the time of booking at seven hospital antenatal clinics in one Health Authority Area showed that only 52.5 per cent of patients booked before 16 weeks gestation and 78.9 per cent before 19 weeks gestation. The principle reasons for late booking were delay in the patient seeking medical advice and delay in referral to hospital by the general practitioner (GP) after pregnancy was confirmed. Possibilities for improving early attendance and hence implementing an effective screening programme for the detection of neural tube defects are discussed. PMID- 7362781 TI - Partial purification of organ-specific neoantigens from human colon and breast cancer by affinity chromatography with human tumour-specific gamma-globulin. AB - Organ-specific neoantigens (TA) shed from the tumours of patients with metastatic breast or colon cancer and which had filtered into the urine were partially purified by a combination of physicochemical methods and affinity chromatography. TA activity of the isolated materials was monitored by the blocking Tube LAI assay. Urinary protein was precipitated by 80% saturated ammonium sulphate. Albumin was removed by affinity chromatography with blue Sepharose CL-6B. Affinity columns of human IgG were prepared from sera of patients whose leucocytes were LAI+ to the breast- or colon-cancer extracts. The anti-breast-TA affinity column bound the TA in the urine of patients with metastatic breast cancer but not that of patients with metastatic colon cancer. The TA in urine of patients with metastatic colon cancer was bound by the anti-colon-TA affinity column. Analysis by SDS PAGE revealed that the isolates with and without TA activity were composed mostly of urinary protein which had bound nonspecifically to the human IgG affinity columns. With an affinity column of anti-NHS and Protein A, some of the contaminants were removed, to reveal SDD PAGE unique bands at about 38,000 and 12,000 mol. wt in the isolate with breast-TA activity. Rabbit antisera, raised to the material that had bound nonspecically to the anti-breast TA affinity column, were used as an anti-nonspecific affinity column to remove the contaminants in the isolates from the affinity columns of anti-breast TA and anti-colon TA. After passage through the anti-nonspecific affinity column, the material that contained the putative breast or colon cancer TA revealed a unique band at about 38,000-40,000 mol. wt and residual fine bands at about 25,000 30,000 mol. wt. Both the control material and material with TA activity had similar bands at about 25,000 and 50,000 mol. wt. The specific activity of the putative colon or breast TAs, as measured by the blocking Tube LAI assay, was increased from about 30 to 5000-10,000 u/mg, a 125-400-fold enrichment. PMID- 7362784 TI - Fetal growth retardation and pre-eclampsia. AB - In a series of 2434 patients with pre-eclampsia, the prevalence of fetal growth retardation was 8.7 per cent compared with 8.6 per cent in the total hospital population. The prevalence was increased in early-onset pre-eclampsia (18.2 per cent) (P less than 0.001) and reduced in late-onset pre-eclampsia (5.6 per cent) (P less than 0.001). In patients who later developed early-onset pre-eclampsia with fetal growth retardation, the prevalence of subnormal oestriol excretion was significantly increased (79.5 per cent) (P less than 0.001) as was the prevalence of hypoglycaemia (33.3 per cent) (P less than 0.001) suggesting that fetal growth retardation in these pregnancies preceded the clinical signs of pre-eclampsia. The prevalence of placental abruption (8.3 per cent) and the prevalence of perinatal deaths (28.7 per cent) were both significantly higher in pregnancies with early-onset pre-eclampsia and fetal growth retardation (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7362785 TI - Hypertension during pregnancy with and without specific treatment; the development of the children at the age of four years. AB - In a controlled trial pregnant women who were hypertensive before the 28th week of gestation were randomly allocated to treatment with methyldopa or no anti hypertensive treatment. The children from these pregnancies have been re-examined at four years of age and their development compared with a random sample from the same maternity hospital population. Their health, height, weight, and the incidence of sight, hearing and speech problems did not differ. None had gross neurological abnormalities. Boys in the treated hypertensive group had significantly smaller heads than in the other two groups, but there was no correlation between head circumference and developmental score in this group (r = 0.020). On average the children in the random sample were the most advanced when assessed by a global score of development. In each developmental sector the mean score for the treated hypertensive group was consistently higher than the untreated hypertensive group. We conclude that maternal hypertension is associated with slight developmental delay in early childhood. There are some indications that treatment with methyldopa may reduce this effect. PMID- 7362786 TI - Maternal and cord plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides in Nigeria. AB - Plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were determined in 70 pregnant women immediately after delivery and in the cord blood of their babies; 62 non-pregnant women served as controls. The mean lipid levels were significantly higher in the pregnant women than in the non pregnant women. The lipid levels in the cord blood were much lower than those in the maternal blood but were not different from values which have been reported from the developed countries; they were independent of socio-economic class. The total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were related to socio economic status both in the pregnant and non-pregnant women, but the ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not. The cord blood lipid levels were also independent of socio-economic class. PMID- 7362787 TI - Relation between the amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio, fetal cord blood corticosteroid levels and the duration of induced labour. AB - In serial samples of amniotic fluid from 24 patients in induced labour, the rate of change in the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio correlated significantly with the duration of labour. Cord serum 11-hydroxycorticosteroid levels were lowest in the group of patients in which the L/S rose during labour, and highest in the group in which the L/S ratio fell. Cord serum 11-hydroxycorticosteroid levels correlated positively with the duration of labour. It would seem unlikely that the changes in L/S ratio occurring during labour are mediated by endogenous corticosteroids. PMID- 7362788 TI - Release of prostaglandins after amniotomy is not mediated by oxytocin. AB - The rise in peripheral plasma levels of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F (PGFM) following amniotomy has now been shown to be maximal within five minutes of the procedure, and levels remain elevated for at least 30 minutes. There was no change in plasma oxytocin levels with amniotomy and therefore a local mechanism for prostaglandin release has been postulated. PMID- 7362789 TI - Pancreatitis, pregnancy and gallstones. AB - In an 18 year hospital experience of over 500 patients with primary acute pancreatitis, 20 developed the disease either while pregnant (7 patients) or within five months of pregnancy (13 patients). Eighteen of the 20 patients had gallstones and adequate biliary surgery abolished further attacks of pancreatitis. Only two patients had surgery during the acute phase of their illness. The single fetal death was associated with early surgical intervention and there were no maternal deaths. We found no evidence of a specific link between pregnancy and pancreatitis but there is a marked association between pancreatitis and gallstones. PMID- 7362790 TI - An unexpectedly high rate of ectopic pregnancy following the induction of ovulation with human pituitary and chorionic gonadotrophin. AB - Six tubal ectopic pregnancies occurred in a series of 193 pregnancies following ovulation induced with human pituitary gonadotropin (hPG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). The ectopic pregnancy rate of 3.1 per cent is higher than quoted incidences in the general population and occurred in the absence of predisposing factors. There was an association between ectopic pregnancy and elevated urinary oestrogen excretion in the peri-ovulatory phases of the induced ovulatory cycles. A urinary oestrogen excretion of greater than 200 microgram/24 hours on day 0 (the day after hCG was given) was associated with a 10 per cent chance of ectopic pregnancy (P less than 0.05). PMID- 7362791 TI - The effect of the menopause on the L-lactate-nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide oxidoreductase activity in vaginal aspirates. AB - Lactate dehydrogenase (L-lactate-NAD+ oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.1.27) activity has been assayed in saline extracts of vaginal aspirates obtained from patients attending a Well Woman Clinic and for whom exfoliative cytology was shown to be unequivocally normal. The majority (76 per cent) of premenopausal patients gave aspirate extracts containing less than 25 m units of enzyme while 71 per cent of postmenopausal patients gave aspirate extracts containing more than 50 m units of enzyme. This difference in distribution of activities was highly significant (P = less than 0.001). Analysis of the isoenzyme distribution showed that aspirates from postmenopausal patients contained a lower proportion of isoenzyme LDH-5 (P less than 0.01) and the M subunit (P less than 0.03) and a higher proportion of isoenzymes LDH-3 (P less than 0.001) and LDH-4 (P less than 0.01). There was no significant difference between the social class distributions of the pre- and postmenopausal patients. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was not related to social class or patients' multiparity. No difference in the distribution of enzyme activities was found between those premenopausal patients in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, those in the secretory phase and those receiving hormone therapy. PMID- 7362792 TI - Ivalon sponge hysterosacropexy for genital prolapse in patients with bladder extrophy. AB - Two patients with bladder extrophy are presented. Both had had corrective surgery in childhood and subsequently presented with recurrent procidentia after a previously unsatisfactory repair operation. Both were treated by hysteroscaropexy (a new procedure) which is described in detail and when reviewed 12 months later were symptom-free with good genital tract support. PMID- 7362793 TI - Single dose of tinidazole in prophylaxis of infections following hysterectomy. AB - A single dose of 2 g tinidazole was given preoperatively to 70 patients undergoing elective hysterectomy; 76 patients served as controls. One patient in the drug therapy group and 10 in the control group had a temperature of 38 degrees C at some time after the first postoperative day. One patient in the tinidazole group and seven among the controls had abscess formation. The differences between the tinidazole and the control groups were highly significant. This simple prophylactic procedure reduced treatment costs and minimised infection following hysterectomy. PMID- 7362794 TI - Antepartum haemoperitoneum due to placenta increta. Case report. AB - A patient is described in whom a placenta increta led to a haemoperitoneum. The diagnosis, made by abdominal paracentesis, led to laparatomy and Caesarean hysterectomy at 31 weeks; the child survived. Delay in diagnosis of the haemoperitoneum was mainly due to difficulties in clinical assessment caused by an episode of premature labour and maternal psychiatric illness. PMID- 7362795 TI - Outcome of pregnancies complicated by early vaginal bleeding. AB - Obstetrical and neonatal data were analysed for pregnancy outcome in 259 deliveries complicated by first or second trimester vaginal bleeding. There was a high incidence of low birth weight, low gestational age, perinatal death, asphyxia, breech delivery, placental infarcts and small-for-dates term infants. Fetal anomalies were slightly though not significantly increased. Combined suboptimal pregnancy outcome occurred in 29.7 per cent of these deliveries compared to 15.2 per cent of 25 118 concurrent deliveries without reported early pregnancy bleeding (p less than 0.0001). The combined risk remained approximately doubled even for primigravidae and for women without prior illness or pregnancy complications. The highest combined risk, 61.5 per cent, was for women with at least two prior abortions, premature births or perinatal deaths and no prior term births. These findings suggest that early gestational vaginal bleeding is one predictor of suboptimal pregnancy outcome. PMID- 7362796 TI - 24-hour creatinine clearance during the third trimester of normal pregnancy. AB - Serial changes in 24-hour creatinine clearance were determined in 10 healthy women during late pregnancy and after the puerperium. A decrease occurred in all subjects during the six weeks preceding delivery, so that mean values for the last three weeks of pregnancy did not differ from the non-pregnant mean. Possible reasons for this phenomenon and its clinical implications are discussed. PMID- 7362797 TI - Propranolol and hydrallazine in the management of essential hypertension in pregnancy. AB - A combination of propranolol and hydrallazine was administered to 13 patients with longstanding hypertension during 15 pregnancies. Hydrallazine was continued through labour and delivery in all patients, while in eight patients propranolol was discontinued 2 to 15 days before delivery. Blood pressure control was uniformly good and superimposed pre-eclampsia did not occur during combined therapy. There were 14 livebirths and one unexplained stillbirth. Except for two cases of milk hypoglycemia, there were no neonatal complications. PMID- 7362798 TI - Uterine activity plotted on an inductograph as an aid to management of labour. AB - By combining uterine activity data with an "inductograph" it is possible to distinguish between normal progress and at least three different types of delayed progress during the early stage of stimulated labour. Delayed progress may be associated with optimal, insufficient or, sometimes, excessive uterine activity. The patterns described facilitate early recognition and management of clinical problems such as cephalopelvic disproportion, undue cervical resistance, inadequate myometrial activity, and impending fetal distress. PMID- 7362799 TI - A study of the benefits and acceptability of ambulation in spontaneous labour. AB - A prospective study of 300 consecutive deliveries has been made to assess the benefits and acceptability of ambulation during spontaneous labour. Ambulation during the first stage occurred in 48 patients with 55 non-ambulant patients acting as controls. No difference in the length of first or second stage, incidence of fetal distress or mode of delivery was observed. In spite of the lack of apparent advantage to the fetal condition, ambulation was acceptable to both patients and nursing staff and should not be discouraged. PMID- 7362800 TI - Interaction of vasopressin and prostaglandin on myometrial activity in vivo in the first trimester of human pregnancy. AB - The interaction of vasopressin (VP) and prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha on myometrial activity was studied by intrauterine pressure recording in 40 women due to undergo therapeutic abortion in the first trimester. In a control group the uterine activity did not change during eight hours of recording without drug administration. In a second group, who had intravenous injections of 8-lysine vasopressin (LVP, 0.1-0.5 IU), it was found that 0.3 IU was the smallest dose that consistently gave an effect on myometrial activity, and that repeated injections gave responses of practically the same magnitude. In the remaining women in the study, LVP injections, 0.3 IU, were given before, during and two hours after an intravenous infusion of PGF2 alpha at 4 or 20 micrograms/minute. Although there were great individual variations, potentiation and enhancement of the LVP effect were the most common reactions, especially with the lower dose of PG. An interaction of PG and other endogenous myometrial stimulants such as VP might be important in the aetiology of spontaneous abortion and the combination of PG with VP-like substances might be of value in therapeutic abortion during the first trimester. PMID- 7362801 TI - Plasma prostaglandin F levels and malignant tumours of the female genital tract. AB - Plasma prostaglandin F (PGF) was measured by a radioimmunoassay method in 24 subjects with tumours of the female genital tract. Levels in the tumour group ranged from 25 pg/ml to 134 pg/ml and were almost all greater than the values observed in a control group of 41 healthy women who had a mean (+/-SD) level of 21 (+/-3.4)pg/ml. There was a relationship between plasma PGF levels and the stage of the disease. Patients with resectable tumours showed a fall in PGF levels postoperatively and those with disseminated malignancy demonstrated increasing levels as the disease progressed. Plasma PGF may provide a clinical prognostic marker in the management of patients with malignant tumours. PMID- 7362802 TI - The response of endometrial blood vessels to intrauterine contraceptive devices: an electron microscopic study. AB - The ultrastructure of the vascular supply of the endometrium in uteri containing inert and copper bearing intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) has been compared with that in uteri removed at comparable stages of the menstrual cycle for dysfunctional uterine bleeding. In the endometrium from all uteri containing inert and copper IUCDs, stromal capillaries below the devices showed extensive microthrombosis with platelet and fibrin aggregations filling gaps in the endothelial linings of the vessels. Considerable stromal haemorrhage and erosion of surface epithelium was associated with this vascular pathology. In the uteri removed for dysfunctional bleeding, microthrombosis was a rare occurrence. In the stromal vessels of the endometrium not in contact with the devices, the surface epithelium was usually intact and the underlying stromal capillaries often showed breaks in the endothelial lining but without a haemostatic plug. Leucocyte migration into the stroma was more evident in association with the copper IUCDs than the other devices. The ultrastructural changes in the microvasculature of the endometrium associated with IUCDs did not appear to be related to a stage of the menstrual cycle. The extent and type of microvascular changes appeared to be related to the proximity and surface area of the IUCD and to the presence or absence of copper in the device. PMID- 7362804 TI - Salbutamol and ketonuria in pregnancy. Case report. AB - A patient is described who had heavy ketonuria without associated glycosuria during treatment with salbutamol in pregnancy. Blood glucose and ketone concentrations were normal while urine secretion of ketone bodies was increased. This suggests that ketonuria resulted from an altered renal threshold rather than a change in intermediary metabolism. Plasma ketone concentration should be measured before stopping salbutamol on the basis of ketonuria alone. PMID- 7362803 TI - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of material adherent to intrauterine contraceptive devices. AB - The material adherent to intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) has been studied by transmission and by scanning microscopy coupled with X-ray microprobe analysis. Inert (Lippes Loop D, Saf-T-Coil and Dalkon shield) and medicated (Copper 7 and Progestasert) IUCDs were removed for examination from uteri immediately after hysterectomy. The cellular material identified on the surface of all inert IUCDs consisted mainly of macrophages with some polymorphonuclear leucocytes, erythrocytes, a few platelets and fibrin fibres. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes were the principle cells on the copper devices. Larger numbers of cells were evident on the inert arms than on the active part of the Progestasert device. All the devices examined exhibited varying amounts of surface calcium deposition. The IUCDs which had been in utero for longer periods showed the greatest amount of calcium deposition. Although a less rapid calcium deposition appeared to occur on the Progestasert device, this deposition may influence the release of medications from IUCDs which are retained in utero for longer periods than one year. PMID- 7362805 TI - Transcutaneous fetal oxygen tension and fetal heart rate pattern preceding fetal death. Case report. AB - Simultaneous cardiotocography (CTG) and transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) measurements were made in a pregnancy complicated by membrane rupture and cord prolapse at 27 weeks gestation. A Caesarean section was not done because the fetus was judged to have little chance of survival and to be at very high risk of severe brain damage if it did. The fetus weighed 830 g and the CTG changes preceding fetal death were similar to those described by others. The tcPO2 was zero for periods of a few seconds to 20 minutes at 1 to 2 hours before fetal death, and the tcPO2 was constantly zero during the last 50 minutes of fetal life. Tracings showing the tcPO2/CTG changes preceding fetal death are reproduced. PMID- 7362806 TI - A virilizing hilus-cell tumour in an African patient with Turner's syndrome. AB - A 26-year-old African female presented with primary amenorrhoea and genital abnormalities. She had the physical stigmata of Turner's syndrome and a 45, X karyotype. Severe masculinization of the external genitalia, apparently present from birth, was present and a laparotomy revealed a hilus-cell tumour of the right streak gonad. Clitoridectomy and vaginoplasty were performed but subsequent oestrogen therapy failed to produce breast development. PMID- 7362807 TI - Nomograms for precise determination of birth weight for dates. AB - We have derived a mathematical model (Altman and Coles, 1980) that matches closely the birth weight standards derived from the large Aberdeen survey (Thomson et al, 1968). From this, we have drawn nomograms that can be used to assess an infant's position in relation to these standards. The nomograms are easy to use and give adequate precision. PMID- 7362808 TI - Obstetric aspects of midtrimester fetal blood sampling by needling or fetoscopy. AB - We describe our experience at University College Hospital, London, with the first 135 patients submitted to midtrimester fetal blood sampling for antenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia major, other thalassaemias and homozygous sickle cell disease. Blind needling and fetoscopy with sampling are evaluated and their application discussed. With experienced operators 9 per cent of patients experienced a fetal loss. PMID- 7362809 TI - Epiretinal membrane formation associated with spontaneous massive periretinal proliferation. AB - A 74-year-old man with cardiovascular disease and epiretinal membrane formation developed spontaneous massive periretinal proliferation over a period of 3 months. No surgery was performed at any stage. A 3-year follow-up is described and theories concerning the production of these 2 entities are discussed. PMID- 7362810 TI - Posterior hyperplastic primary vitreous. AB - A fundus picture of posterior hyperplastic primary vitreous based on a study of 14 cases is described. Its definition, in spite of pleomorphic manifestations, could be useful for its differentiation from other conditions affecting children's eyes and presumed to be caused by parasitic, inflammatory, fibroplastic, or genetically transmitted processes. PMID- 7362811 TI - Autosomal dominant exudative vitreoretinopathy. AB - Twelve affected members from 3 families with autosomal dominant exudative vitreouretinopathy were examined, and the following conclusions were drawn: (1) There is great variability in the phenotypic expression of the abnormal gene, such that many patients have very mild disease which can be detected with certainty only by fluorescein angiography. (2) Gene penetrance is close to 100%. (3) Progress of fundus changes and visual threat is rare after 20 years of age. PMID- 7362812 TI - Retinal detachment in median cleft-face syndrome. AB - A 7-year-old boy had an unusual association of median cleft-face syndrome, a characteristic physiognomy, unilateral retinal dysplasia, and bilateral retinal detachment. Despite surgical treatment to both eyes he became blind. The hereditary pattern operating in this complex disorder was found to be consistent with an autosomal dominant trait. PMID- 7362813 TI - Sector retinitis pigmentosa in juvenile nephronophthisis. AB - In a patient with juvenile nephronophthisis, sector retinitis pigmentosa was found as an extrarenal manifestation, establishing a hitherto undescribed variety of retinal degeneration occurring in this disorder. The retinal function in this case was identical with that in the classic type of sector retinitis pigmentosa, namely, subnormal ERG amplitudes but normal cone and rod implicit times. The range of the retinal findings and their autosomal recessive transmission are discussed. Paucity of information makes it difficult to elucidate the basic genetic defect operating in this condition. PMID- 7362814 TI - A patterned macular dystrophy with yellow plaques and atrophic changes. AB - Three middle-aged male patients are described with a peculiar patterned dystrophy of the macula. The basic lesions are discrete yellow plaques typically confined to the macular area and radiating from the fovea. They appear to be located at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). With the passage of time some of the yellow plaques altered in extent and configuration, and atrophic changes appeared or extended. Visual acuity and electrophysiological tests are either normal or only moderately affected. The lesions appear to be distinct from the patterned dystrophies of the retina already described and from other conditions characterised by yellow or white deposits at the level of the RPE. PMID- 7362815 TI - Diced cartilage grafts to correct enophthalmos. AB - A technique is described using diced cartilage grafts to correct the volume deficit which is responsible for many of the unsatisfactory cosmetic features following enucleation. PMID- 7362816 TI - Self-medication with pilocarpine among outpatients in a glaucoma clinic. AB - A recording medication monitor and fluorescein technique were used to study self medication by 82 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma for whom pilocarpine eye drops 3 times a day had been prescribed. Of these patients 34 (41%) missed 6 or more doses during a 20-day period, and for 35 (43%) an 8-hour dose interval was exceeded at least 20% of the time. Consequences may include lack of effectiveness in preventing visual loss and unnecessary prescription of more potent, and more toxic, drugs. PMID- 7362817 TI - Usher's syndrome. PMID- 7362818 TI - Effect of preoperative posture and binocular occlusion on retinal detachment. AB - In an unselected series of retinal detachments a 24-hour period of binocular occlusion and posture with a retinal hole dependent produces some resolution of subretinal fluid in 13% of cases. If only patients with acute, freely mobile detachments and retinal holes above the horizontal meridian were selected the proportion of detachments showing some resolution rose to 30%. In 8% of cases a paradoxical response occurred, the detachment increasing in depth or extending to involve an additional area of retina. PMID- 7362819 TI - Fourier transform infrared study of photoreceptor membrane. I. Group assignments based on rhodopsin delipidation and reconstitution. AB - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used to study the structure of bovine photoreceptor membrane. Rhodopsin appears to contain an extensive alpha helical structure which is arranged predominantly perpendicular to the membrane plane. Spectra of delipidated rhodopsin and rhodopsin membranes reconstituted from dioleyl-phosphatidylcholine were compared with native photoreceptor membrane from rod outer segments in order to facilitate peak assgnments. It is concluded that spectroscopic peaks characteristic of several protein and lipid groups can be assigned. We also find delipidation leads to alteration of the rhodopsin structure which is resorted upon reconstitution. Membranes both suspended in 2H2O and dehydrated were compared in order to detect possible conformational differences. Dehydration does not appear to grossly alter rhodopsin structure, although it may affect delipidated rhodopsin. PMID- 7362820 TI - Oxalate uptake by everted sacs of rat colon. Regional differences and the effects of pH and ricinoleic acid. AB - Hyperoxaluria is a complication of disorders associated with steatorrhea. The colon is the presumed site of enhanced oxalate absorption in patients with steatorrhea. We performed studies of colonic mucosal oxalate uptake in everted sacs of rat colon to determine the kinetics of colonic oxalate transport and to evaluate the effect of both pH and ricinoleic acid, a hydroxy fatty acid, on colonic oxalate uptake. Our study demonstrated that oxalate is transported throughout the colon by passive diffusion. Tissue uptake increased linearly with increasing oxalate concentrations and was unaffected by metabolic inhibitors, oxygen deprivation, or temperature changes. There were pH-dependent regional differences of oxalate uptake both in the presence and absence of ricinoleic acid. In the absence of ricinoleic acid, the highest oxalate uptake occurred at the lower pH values (5.4 and 6.4). In the presence of ricinoleic acid oxalate uptake was enhanced at the higher pH values (7.4 and 8.4); a finding most likely related to decreased solubility of ricinoleic acid at pH 5.4 and 6.4. Intraluminal pH is an important determinant of colonic oxalate uptake in the presence and absence of ricinoleic acid. PMID- 7362821 TI - Block of acid secretion by amytal and its partial reversal by menadione with ascorbate in the gastric mucosa of the guinea-pig. AB - The effect of amytal on energy metabolism and acid secretion in an isolated gastric mucosa of the guinea-pig were studied. Determination of adenine nucleotides, creatine phosphate, pyruvate and lactate in the gastric mucosa showed that amytal depressed the levels of ATP, creatine phosphate and energy charge with elevation of the AMP and pyruvate levels. This treatment inhibited concomitantly acid secretion and active chloride transport detected by short circuit current. The addition of menadione with ascorbate to the medium in the presence of amytal partially restored ATP and energy charge levels and also induced a partial recovery of acid secretion and activ chloride transport. These results suggest that ATP is a direct energy donor for acid secretion in the gastric mucosa of the guinea-pig. PMID- 7362822 TI - Liposome-cell interactions. A rapid assay for cells in suspension culture. AB - A method has been developed for the rapid separation of cells in suspension from non-cell associated lipid vesicles in various assays for vesicle-cell interation. Separation is achieved on a discontinuous Ficoll-Paque gradient. Cells and free vesicles are totally separated, as evidenced by both radiolabelled vesicles, and vesicles containing the fluorescent dye 6-carboxyfluorescein. The main advantages of this method are the rapidity, efficacy, and gentleness of the separation. Viability of the cells remains consistently high (greater than 96%) throughout the separation. Since this method involves a one-step centrifugation, it precludes the necessity for repeated washings of cells which have been incubated with lipid vesicles. PMID- 7362823 TI - Simulation studies on the kinetics of intestinal absorption. AB - 1. A model has been used to simulate the absorption of solutes from perfused intestines. The model makes possible the numerical solution of the differential equations describing absorption processes along the length of the intestine which cannot be solved analytically. It allows for water absorption and the non-linear fall in solute concentration down the intestine. It can be modified easily to include other features, e.g. a change in V (maximum rate of absorption) or K (solute concentration at V/2) along the intestine. 2. 90 perfect data sets have been simulated using the model. The Michaelis-Menten equation was fitted to a quarter of them using different algebraic expressions for the apparent solute concentration. The fit of the equation was very good in every case and it was not possible to explain the poorness-of-fit encountered during an earlier survey (Atkins, G.L. and Gardner, M.L.G. (1977) Biochim, Biophys. Acta 468, 127--145) in terms of the fall in solute concentration described above. 3. The equation was also fitted to all the data sets in order to compare the use of several algebraic expressions for the apparent solute concentration. It has been shown that the current practice of using either the initial concentration or the effluent concentration can lead to estimates of V and K up to amost twice their true value. It has been shown that in one situation (glucose absorption by perfused rat intestine) it is possible to use an empirical expression that will reduce the errors considerably. 4. It is also possible, and perhaps preferable, to use a computer program to fit the model directly to data from the simulated experiments and obtain precise estimates of V and K. 5. In order to show that the model can be easily modified to incorporate other characteristics of perfused intestines, simulations were performed in which V decreased linearly down the intestine. In this example, it was concluded that an inhomogeneity due to non-constancy of V cannot be detected by single-pass perfusions. PMID- 7362824 TI - Evidence for an intestinal Na+:sugar transport coupling stoichiometry of 2.0. AB - Membrane potentials maintained by normally-energized intestinal epithelium interfere with an accurate determination of the Na+:sugar coupling stoichiometry associated with Na+-dependent transport systems. The interference is due to the fact that basal Na+ influx is itself a potential-dependent event, and sugar transport induces a membrane depolarization which therefore modifies basal Na+ entry. New information obtained under circumstances in which the membrane potential is maintained near 0 indicates that the true coupling stoichiometry is 2:1 rather than the commonly-accepted value of 1:1. A 2:1 stoichiometry means that cellular electrochemical Na+ gradients are adequate to account for recently observed 70-fold sugar gradients maintained by these cells under certain conditions. PMID- 7362825 TI - The transepithelial shunt pathway in the renal proximal tubule of newt kidney. AB - The transepithelial shunt pathway of newt proximal tubule was examined with glass micro-electrode and electron microscopic methods. The input resistance of the peritubular (basal) membrane and tubular wall were found to be 4.2 +/- 0.1-10(6) (mean +/- S.E., n = 16) and 11.4 +/-0.2-10(4) (n = 11), respectively. The input resistance of the peritubular membrane was approximately 40-times larger than that of the tubular wall. When the kidneys were perfused in a lanthanum solution, the lanthanum ions were then observed in the junctional complexes and in the intercellular spaces on both the basal and apical sides. The results indicate that the electrical shunt pathway corresponds to the apical junctional complexes and the intercellular spaces, and that the tight junctions are not truly 'tight' for the transepithelial movement of small ions in the proximal tubule of the newt kidney. PMID- 7362826 TI - K+-dependent phenylalanine uptake in membrane vesicels isolated from the midgut of Philosamia cynthia larvae. AB - Membrane vesicles prepared from the midguts of Philosamia cynthia larvae (Lepidoptera) show a concentrative uptake of phenylalanine in the presence of salt gradients. Unlike mammalian intestines, the highest accumulation of the amino acid occurs with a potassium salt gradient. Glucose is very poorly permeable across the vesicles. PMID- 7362827 TI - Isolation and regulatory properties of mitochondrial malic enzyme from rat skeletal muscle. AB - Mitochondrial malic enzyme (L-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxalo-acetate decarboxylating), EC 1.1.1.40) has been isolated from rat skeletal muscle by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Ultrogel AcA 34. Specific activity of the purified enzyme was 25 micromol/min per mg of protein which corresponds to about 840-folf purification. The enzyme was shown to carboxylate pyruvate in the presence of high concentrations of KHCO3 and pyruvate at about 15% of the rate of the forward reaction. The Km values determined at pH 7.2 for malate, NADP and Mn2+ were 0.33 mM, 6.8 microM and 7.1 microM, respectively. The Km values for pyruvate, NADPH and KHCO3 were 8.3 mM, 19.6 microM, and 24.4 mM, respectively. Purified enzyme showed allosteric properties at low concentration of malate and this characteristic can be modified by succinate and fumarate which do not affect the maximum velocity of the reaction. The pH optimum for decarboxylation reaction was between 7.2 and 8.4. Possible metabolic role of mitochondrial malic enzyme in skeletal muscle is discussed. PMID- 7362828 TI - Purification and properties of the D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase of Bacillus coagulans NCIB 9365. AB - After solubilisation with urea and the non-ionic detergent Genapol X-100, the membrane-bound DD-carboxypeptidase (UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tetrapeptidyl-D-alanine alanine-hydrolase, EC 3.4.12.6) of Bacillus coagulans NCIB 9365 was purified to homogeneity, as verified by sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis, by chromatography with an ampicillin-agarose affinity resin and DEAE-cellulose. The properties of the purified DD-carboxypeptidase were similar to those of the membrane-bound enzyme; these include enhancement of activity by divalent cations, Pb2+ and Cd2+ being the most effective. The enzyme also catalysed a simple unnatural model transpeptidation reaction between UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl pentapeptide (donor) and D-alanine or glycine (acceptors). The enzyme consisted of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight (Mr 29 000), considerably lower than values obtained previously for most other DD-carboxypeptidases. However, its molecular weight and its degree of relatedness, as assessed by amino acid composition, were similar to several beta-lactamases. PMID- 7362829 TI - The mechanisms of action of ethanolamine ammonia-lyase, an adenosylcobalamin dependent enzyme. Evidence that carbon-cobalt bond cleavage is driven in part by conformational alterations of the corrin ring. AB - Previous work has shown that the interaction between ethanolamine ammonia-lyase (ethanolamine ammonia-lyase, EC 4.3.1.7) and adenosylcobalamin weakens the C-Co bond of the cofactor with respect to homolytic cleavage. To obtain information concerning the mechanism by which this is accomplished, a study was conducted in which optical and circular dichroism spectroscopy were used to explore the interaction between ethanoloamine ammonia-lyase and a series of adenosylcobalamin analogs composed of an adenyl residue attached to the cobalt atom of cobalamin by a methylene chain whose length varies from 2 to 6 carbons. These studies indicated that the binding of a cobalamin to the active site activates forces which tend to alter the conformation of the enzyme, and with it that of the corrin ring, but that these conformational changes are blocked by bulky Co-beta substituents which restrict corrin ring flexibility. We postulate that at least one element of the force which weakens the C-Co bond of the enzyme-bound cofactor is the relief of conformational strain which occurs when C-Co bond cleavage, by releasing the interfering adenosyl group, permits the enzyme and the corrin ring to assume the energetically favored conformation. PMID- 7362830 TI - Purification and characterization of rat plasma antithrombin III. AB - Antithrombin III was purified from rat plasma in 70% yield by salting out with (NH4)2SO4, affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose 4B, and ion-exchange chromatography on DE-52. The preparation was homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, by analytical ultracentrifugation, and by immuno-chemical analysis. It was composed of a single polypeptide chain whose molecular weight was estimated to be about 64 000 both by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by sedimentation equilibrium analysis. Antithrombin III was a glycoprotein containing 3.6% glucosamine, 0.2% fucose, 2.5% mannose, 1.6% galactose and 3.9% sialic acid. Isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel revealed four bands in the range of pH 4.7--4.9, indicating the microheterogeneity. Rat antithrombin III inhibited bovine alpha-thrombin by forming an equimolar complex. Kinetics of this reaction were studied by gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. When the inhibitor was allowed to react with an excess amount of thrombin, the initial equimolar complex with a molecular weight of 110 000 was cleaved gradually to a product with a molecular weight of 97 000, which was further cleaved to a second product with a molecular weight of 85 000. PMID- 7362831 TI - Studies on peroxidase-catalysed formation of thyroid hormones on a protein isolated from submaxillary gland. AB - A protein has been solubilized and purified to homogeneity from the microsomal fraction of goat submaxillary gland. This protein can preferentially be iodinated to form triidothyronine and thyroxine with the help of submaxillary peroxidase (donor:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7) solubilized and purified from the same microsomal fraction. The protein can also be isolated from soluble supernatant and was found to be identical to the microsomal protein as judged by their moelcular properties as well as the formation of triiodothyronine and thyroxine. The protein has the molecular weight of 120 000 and contains two unequal subunits of molecular weight of 80 000 and 44 000. The molecular weight of the peroxidase is 72 000 and consists of a single polypeptide chain. The enzyme has the Rz value of 0.4 and is inhibited by azide and cyanide. Mersalyl, a mercurial, strongly inhibits the enzyme activity while N-ethylmaleimide cannot. The enzyme can catalyze the formation of 62 mumol of I3-/min per mg of protein at its optimun pH of 5.2. The apparent Km for H2O2 and KI is 0.16 . 10(-3) M and 1 . 10(-3) M, respectively. PMID- 7362832 TI - Platelet phosphorylase kinase activity and its regulation by the calcium dependent regulatory protein, calmodulin. AB - Platelet phosphorylase kinase (ATP:phosphorylase phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.38) was found to be a Ca2+-sensitive enzyme. It was two Ka values for Ca2+ viz. 0.25 and 2.6 microM, respectively. The "calcium-dependent regulator" or calmodulin can enhance the activity of phosphorylase kinase, increasing its affinity for Ca2+. In the presence of calmodulin phosphorylase kinase has only one, high affinity binding site for Ca2+ (Ka = 0.27 microM). Platelet phosphorylase kinase can be phosphorylated by endogenous cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase increasing its catalytic activity and this activation process is reversed by dephosphorylation. The changing level of intracellular Ca2+ and cyclic AMP may control the activity of phosphorylase kinase, regulating the mobilization of glycogen. PMID- 7362833 TI - Kinetic evidence for the allosteric substrate inhibition of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. AB - Kinetic experiments described in this study were carried out with an electrophoretically and immunologically homogeneous acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) preparation isolated from human erythrocyte membranes. At low concentration of substrates, the acetylcholinesterase-catalyzed reaction follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics. In comparative studies using acetylthiocholine and acetylcholine as substrates, the corresponding Km values were 150 +/- 30 microM and 200 +/- 20 microM, respectively. At low concentrations of both substrates, Hill plots indicated the existence of either a single or multiple independent active site(w). The inhibition mechanism of acetylcholinesterase by high concentration of substrates were studied by utilizing a new kinetic parameter, delta, which allows discrimination between the competitive and uncompetitive types of substrate inhibitions (Wang, C.-S. (1977) Eur. J. Biochem. 78, 568--574). This kinetic approach provided evidence that the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by excess substrate was effected by its interaction with multiple allosteric sites on the enzyme. PMID- 7362835 TI - Comparative studies on the structure and aggregative properties of the myosin molecule. II. THe substructure of the lobster myosin molecule. AB - Previous results (Siemankowski, R.F. and Zobel, C.R. (1976) J. Mechanochem. Cell Motility 3, 171--184) demonstrated that, relative to myosin from rabbit skeletal muscle, myosin from lobster abdominal muscle has four times as many sites susceptible to tryptic fragmentation at the fast rate. The present studies show that limited tryptic digestion of lobster myosin results in the rapid production of three species of rod fragments, all of which are insoluble at low ionic strength; a subfragment-1-like species; and, in addition, the release of large amounts of small peptides (35%, w/w). From estimates of the yields of the tryptic fragments, it is found that although 1 mol equiv. of rod-fragment is produced per mol of myosin digested, only 1 mol equiv. of a subfragment-1-like species is found, suggesting that the lobster myosin subfragment-1-moiety is much more trypsin-labile than the analogous region of rabbit myosin. By two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis, it was found that two of the rod species comprise a large number of unique peptides, collectively, after denaturation in 9 M urea. Similar analysis demonstrates that the subfragment-1-like species contains a small (Mr 25 000), very basic peptide, and that during digestion with trypsin the larger light chain (Mr 20 000) is converted entirely into a more acidic light chain fragment (Mr 18 500). The smaller light chain (Mr 16 000) is resistant to tryptic proteolysis. PMID- 7362834 TI - A sedimentation equilibrium study of the temperature-dependent association of bovine beta-casein. AB - The temperature-dependent association of beta-casein was studied by the sedimentation equilibrium method. The weight-average molecular weight of the protein was determined in 0.2 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.7) at 20, 15, 10 and 2 degrees C, and was found to be dependent markedly on both temperature and protein concentration. The data were well fitted by a monomer-n-mer association scheme, and the values of n, the second viral coefficient, and the free energy change for the association (association constant) were evaluated. The results show that temperature not only shifts the equilibrium but alters the polymer size: the values of n are 49, 22, and 12 at 20, 15, and 10 degrees C, respectively; the free energy change per monomer becomes more negative with increasing temperature, indicating that the attraction between the monomers in a polymer is stronger at higher temperature. This effect of temperature is in contrast to that of ionic strength which affects mainly the equilibrium. The enthalpy change, entropy change, and heat capacity change for the association were also estimated and were indicative of the formation of a considerable amount of hydrophobic bonds upon association. PMID- 7362836 TI - The inhibitory effect of alkylureas and alkylamides on the gelation of hemoglobin S. AB - Analysis of the inhibition of gelation of deoxyhemoglobin S by the alkylureas and alkylamides, based on multiple equilibria formulation of the interactions of the inhibiting reagent and protein, is described and applied to minimum gelling concentration and saturation-solubility measurements in the presence of these inhibitors. Our principal expression which describes the influence of a given inhibiting reagent on the hemoglobin activity at the critical gelling concentration, (a)D = (a)w exp(N'KB[D]) has been used to predict the parameters expected of a given inhibitor, and also to provide information concerning the nature and the number of amino acids at the areas of contact of the hemoglobin tetramers that form the microtubular fibers of the gel phase of deoxyhemoglobin S. In this expression N' represents the effective number of amino acid sites per hemoglobin tetramer or the pregelation unit that enters the gelation reaction, KB is the interaction constant characterizing the interaction between the average amino acid and the inhibiting reagent, and [D] is the concentration of the inhibiting reagent. The analysis of our data includes correction for non ideality. Our calculated gelling concentrations and saturation-solubilities are in good accord with the experimental data obtained with the various alkylureas and amides of increasing hydrophobicity or hydrocarbon content, demonstrating the utility of such analysis for the rational design of pharmacologically significant new reagents. In this regard it is to be noted that the interaction parameter, KB, used to predict the effectiveness of a given reagent is evaluated by assuming additivity of the group values of the chemical constituents of the reagent. Analysis of our data obtained as a function of concentration of several ureas (ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, and n-pentylurea) gave N' estimates in the neighborhood of 80--100, suggesting that a substantial fraction of the surface groups of hemoglobin must be removed from contact with solvent in the course of the polymerization reaction that leads to the formation hemoglobin S gels. PMID- 7362838 TI - Macromolecular properties and subunit interactions of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from alfalfa. PMID- 7362837 TI - The effect of magnesium ions on the binding of calcium ions to glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle fibers. AB - The effect of Mg2+ on Ca2+ bound to glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle was studied by means of a double-isotope technique. The troponin-C content of the fibers was analyzed by quantitative sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and found to be 0.5 mumol/g fiber protein. In the absence of Mg2+ the fibers bound a maximum of 3.5 mumol Ca2+/g protein. This value could be readily accounted for in terms of the four Ca2+-binding sites of troponin-C and the two divalent cation-binding sites of myosin. In the presence of 1 mM Mg2+ the entire Ca2+ titration curve was shifted downward with a maximum bound Ca2+ of slightly more than 2 mumol/g, or 4 mol Ca2+/mol troponin-C. Further increase in Mg2+ concentration to 10 mM had little effect on Ca2+ binding when the free Ca2+ concentration was in the upper part of the physiological range (5 . 10(-7)-5 . 10(-6) M) but caused a marked reduction when the Ca2+ concentration was low. The results are consistent with biochemical data showing two groups of (Mg2+/Ca2+) binding sites. One group, located in myosin, has a high affinity for Mg2+ while the other group, located on troponin-C, has a low affinity for Mg2+. If the free Mg2+ concentration in muscle is in the range of 2--5 mM, as suggested by recent data, it can be inferred that the binding sites on myosin will never be occupied by Ca2+ under physiological conditions. PMID- 7362839 TI - Isolation of nuclei suitable for in vitro study of RNA-polymerase activities. PMID- 7362840 TI - In vitro conversion of porcine thyroid cells growing in monolayer into functional follicular cells. AB - Porcine thyroid cells in primary cultures form either monolayers or, when they are stimulated by thyrotropin (TSH), follicles. This system, monolayer-follicle associated cell culture, determines two morphofunctional states of the thyroid cell in vitro. These cells divide, when grown in monolayer. In this article we describe the precise conditions which allow the conversion of monolayer cells into follicles. The rate of cell growth was lowered using a serum-free medium. Cells were concentrated, stimulated by TSH and cultured on poly-L-lysine pretreated plastic flasks. Light and electron microscope studies show that cells reorganize into follicles containing thyroglobulin. Active iodide transport by the cells, as well as detection of thyroid hormones in the cell culture media, demonstrate that these follicles are functional. Formation of monolayers from follicles is in vitro a spontaneous phenomenon. It is linked to the loss of cell polarity, iodide transport, synthesis of hormones and to the decrease of the number of TSH receptor-sites. These main characteristics of differentiation may be regained in vitro after conversion of monolayer thyroid cells into active follicles up to at least generation five. PMID- 7362841 TI - Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from beef pancreas. Spectroscopic analysis of the stoichiometry of formation of the enzyme-tryptophanyl-adenylate complex. AB - The dimeric enzyme tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from beef pancreas catalyses the stoichiometric formation of one mole of tryptophanyl-adenylate per subunit. This formation is associated with optical changes (absorbance, fluorescence, optical rotation) and is confirmed by analytical ultracentrifugation. An equal amplitude of the change is observed for each adenylation site at pH 8.0, 25 degrees C, regardless of the optical method used. The formation of two tryptophanyl adenylates per dimer corresponds to a molar absorbance change delta epsilon 291 = 12000 +/- 500 cm-1 M-1, to a fluorescence quenching of 24 per cent at 340 nm and to a variation in optical rotation of 6 per cent at 313 nm. The circular dichroic band of the adenosine moiety of ATP is strongly increased. The addition of sodium pyrophosphate to the tryptophanyl-adenylate-enzyme complex restores the absorbance and fluorescence amplitude observed prior to the addition of ATP to the enzyme. Magnesium ions are necessary to the reaction. A pertubation of the environment of both the protein and the substrates (tryptophan and ATP) have to be taken into account to explain the magnitude of the observed changes. PMID- 7362842 TI - Characterization of a novel endo-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase from the culture filtrate of a basidiomycete (Sporotricum dimorphosporum), active on biantennary mono- and asialoglycoasparagines of the N-acetyllactosaminic type. AB - A novel endo-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase has been characterized in a culture filtrate from a Basidiomycete. This enzyme hydrolyses biantennary monosialo and asialo-glycoasparagines of the N-acetyllactosaminic type. Endo-N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase from the Basidiomycete released from different glycoasparagines, beta-GlcNAc-(1 leads to 4)-N[14C] acetyl-Asn, alpha Fuc-(1 leads to 6)-beta GlcNAc-(1 leads to 4)-N-[14C]acetyl-Asn and oligosaccharides which have been separated by paper and thin-layer chromatography. Determination of the radioactivity of the labeled fragments leads to the conclusion that the biantennary glycoasparagines of the N-acetyllactosaminic type are hydrolyzed after 1 h incubation at 37 degrees, to the extent of 15 per cent for the monosialo; 90 per cent for the asialo; 21 per cent for the asialo monofucosylated, and 15 per cent for the asialo-difucosylated glycans. Tri- and tetraantennary asialo-glycans of the N-acetyllactosaminic type are not hydrolyzed by this enzyme. PMID- 7362843 TI - Purification and properties of the major tRNAHis from sheep liver. AB - The major isoacceptor of tRNAHis from sheep liver was purified. Two different methods were described which both took advantage of the presence of the hypermodified Q nucleotide in this tRNA. In the first procedure, CNBr treatment of tRNA which was previously enriched in tRNAHis greatly increased the efficiency of the subsequent chromatographic steps. The tRNAHis obtained by this technique showed a specific activity of 1,690 picomoles of histidine per A260 unit. In the second one, a twenty-fold enrichment in tRNAHis was obtained by fractionation of crude tRNA on acetylated DBAE-cellulose columns. The nucleotide composition of the tRNA obtained by the CNBr procedure was determined. No thymine ribotide could be detected. When this tRNA was submitted to periodate oxidation and tritium borohydride reduction, a radioactive label was introduced in this molecule which was assumed to be located in the Q nucleotide. PMID- 7362844 TI - Rates of DNA and protein syntheses by fibroblast cultures in the presence of various glucose concentrations. AB - Fibroblast cells derived from human derm used between the 5th and 10th passage and submitted to an increase of over 16.5 mM in the glucose concentration of the medium, react by a decrease in the incorporation of [3H] thymidine into DNA. The intracellular proline pool is largely increased by the rise in glucose concentration while the incorporation of [U-14C] proline into total proteins and proteins digested by purified bacterial collagenase is also significantly enhanced. There is no specific effect on collagen synthesis and the apparent activation of total protein synthesis may depend on the enhancement of the free proline pool. PMID- 7362845 TI - Interaction of polyamines with proteins of human plasma: a preferential aggregation of fibrinogen and fibronectin (cold insoluble globulin). AB - The polyamines spermine and spermidine were found to aggregate proteins from human plasma and serum, apparently due to electrostatic interactions between these cations and anionic proteins. Fibrinogen and fibronectin (cold insoluble globulin) were identified as the major molecular components of aggregates, and fibronectin could be quantitatively removed from plasma by aggregation with spermine. The results indicate that fibrinogen and fibronectin have anionic groups which react with polyamines and which are essential for the solubility of these proteins. PMID- 7362846 TI - A model of a human recognition system with 'thinking'. AB - The human system of pattern recognition is explored. This system utilizes the method of syntactic feature comparison, activation of the patterns containing the feature, and sorting among the activated patterns. Both the pattern recognition process without thinking and with thinking are discussed, and examples are given. Contrary to the usual concept, the more complicated pattern has a better chance to be recognized correctly. PMID- 7362847 TI - Resonant response of a neural model and of Limulus ommatidia to double frequency stimulation. AB - Signals which are the sum of two sinusoids of frequencies v1 and v2 are used to stimulate: i) an electronic analog of the leaky integrator neural model, ii) the visual neurons of the Limulus lateral eye. This makes it possible to investigate the resonant amplification of the impulse density modulation for v1 + v2 which approaches the free-run discharge rate; this resonance is predicted by the Volterra series representation of the leaky integrator (Poggio and Torre, 1977). The resonant responses obtained look very similar for the simulated discharge and for the experimental one. PMID- 7362848 TI - On localization of moving objects in the visual system of cats. AB - In cortical areas direction-specific receptive fields occur systematically. Direction specifity is based on unsymmetric coupling of neurons. Such a coupling allows an exact localization of moved stimuli. For this task, the asymmetry in the time domain is compensated for by a spatial asymmetry. PMID- 7362849 TI - [Mathematical description of the reaction of color sensitive neural networks to intensity and color steps (author's transl)]. AB - The reaction of color sensitive neural networks to intensity and color steps on logarithmic transformation of the input signals is calculated mathematically. The networks consist of opponent-color cells respectively with (duple system 1) or without a surround (duple system 2) or of double opponent-color cells (quadruple system). The output signals are independent of the intensity level. Both duple systems are able to code the color of homogeneous areas on a dichromatic level. The hue corresponds to the sign, the saturation to the absolute value of the output signal. The coding of saturation becomes incorrect at intensity borders only with duple system 1 (due to a Mach band response) at color borders however with duple system 1 and 2 (due to low-pass properties). The quadruple system (like duple system 2) is insensitive to intensity differences. It only responds to color differences, which are transferred according to a band-pass filter. The system therefore is able to function as a detector of color borders. The results are used in a new model for the processing of color and color borders. A linear transformation has been found to be less suited for color coding. PMID- 7362850 TI - [Determination of the taxonomic position of Vibrio parahaemolyticus using the technic of molecular hybridization of DNA]. PMID- 7362851 TI - [Effect of the venom of the scorpion Buthus eupeus on systemic and regional circulation]. PMID- 7362852 TI - Thyroid hormone relationships in the fetal and newborn lamb. AB - Plasma thyroxine (T4) and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) concentrations have been measured in chronically catheterised sheep fetuses during the last third of gestation. In some animals T4 and rT3 concentrations fell before delivery but there was no change in the t4/rT3 ratio. In several serially sampled fetuses a small rise in plasma triiodothyronine concentration has been demonstrated in the days preceding delivery. Infusion of cortisol to fetuses commencing at 130 days of gestation (term 147 days) with the simultaneous administration of progesterone to delay labour resulted in changes in T4 and rT3 concentrations which were similar to those normally seen at term. The nature of the changes in the peripheral metabolism of T4 around the time of birth are discussed. PMID- 7362853 TI - In vivo glycerol metabolism in the pregnant rat. AB - Pregnant rats at 12 and 21 days of gestation and their virgin controls were injected intravenously with U-14C-glycerol and decapitated 1, 3, or 10 min later. The conversion of labelled glycerol to 14C-glucose was augmented in the 21-day pregnant rats. The disappearance of the newly formed 14C-glucuse from blood was faster in both 12- and 21-day pregnant rats than in their controls, being partially retained as liver 14C-glycogen. The greatest amount of radioactivity in all tissues appeared in the carcass hydrosoluble fraction. This amount was smaller in the pregnant rats. The reduced utilization of glycerol by extrahepatic tissues allowed the 21-day pregnant rats to dispose a greater amount of this substrate for gluconeogenesis. PMID- 7362854 TI - Transepidermal water loss in vivo. Premature and term infants. AB - In vivo, noninvasive, transepidermal water loss measurements were taken from 26- to 41-week gestational age infants with a Meeco electrolytic water analyzer to yield information on the development of the function of the skin barrier. Infants 28 weeks or less have significantly greater transepidermal water loss than older gestational aged infants, thus indicating a less efficient barrier to water. Until it is known whether the decreased barrier function in premature infants also relates to percutaneous penetration, prudence is suggested in exposing such premature infants skin to chemicals. PMID- 7362855 TI - Fetal development in relation to gestational age in the piglet. AB - Body and organ weights were measured in piglets from 44 litters which had been delivered by caesarean section at various times during the last 20 days of gestation. An attempt has been made to assess the usefulness of these measurements as predictors of gestational age. In this series of animals there was a highly significant correlation between mean litter weight and age. However, a considerable degree of uncertainty about the true gestational age must be accepted if mean litter weight is to be used as the sole predictor: at a mean litter weight of 1 kg, the 95% confidence limits were found to be +/- 10.2 days. No extra information was afforded by the inclusion of the organ weight data one the mean litter weight was known. PMID- 7362856 TI - Studies on the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate and citric acid cycle intermediates by neonatal piglet liver mitochondria. AB - The capacity of mitochondria isolated from livers of 5-day-old piglets to convert pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate, malate and citrate has been investigated. These mitochondria have a large capacity to flux pyruvate through the pyruvate carboxylase reaction causing an accumulation of malate, citrate and phosphoenolpyruvate. As much as 70% of the pyruvate utilized during state 3 respiration can flux through the pyruvate carboxylase reaction. The data indicate that phosphoenolpyruvate from mitochondria can contribute a significant fraction of the carbon skeletons of pyruvate converted to glucose by piglet liver (estimated to be 30%). PMID- 7362857 TI - Amino acids in the amniotic fluid of diabetic mothers. AB - Subsequent to the spontaneous rupture of membranes in the 40th week of pregnancy, and in the course of labour inductions in cases of prolonged pregnancy (42nd week) and of diabetic mothers in the 40th week of pregnancy, the concentration of amino acids in the amniotic fluid was studied. In the group of diabetic mothers the concentrations of lysine, histidine, cysteic acid, taurine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and phenylalanine are significantly higher. The arteriovenous difference found for some amino acids in the umbilical blood of physiological fetuses is absent in the fetuses of diabetic mothers. PMID- 7362858 TI - The complement system of the newborn infant. AB - Whole complement activity (CH50), and levels of some components of the classical (C1q, C4, C3) and alternative (factor B and properdin) pathways were determined in 55 non-infected and 11 infected newborn infants. Normal newborn infants were lower than adults in all complement measurements; preterm infants being significantly lower than term infants. Complement was not effected by intrauterine growth retardation. Absence of C3 split products indicated that the deficiencies were developmental and not due to activation of the complement system. Complement levels were lower in infected infants and this was due to activation of the complement system as C3 split products were present in 54%. Because of the high incidence of split products in infected infants, incorporating a test to determine their presence may be of benefit in the diagnosis of the presence of infection in newborn infants. PMID- 7362860 TI - An improved adhesive patch for long-term collection of sweat. AB - An improved adhesive patch is described, capable of collecting sweat continuously at a steady rate for periods up to ten days. Four normal subjects wore duplicate patches applied to the skin above the outer ankle and the collecting pads were weighed every second day for ten days. Uptake was linear in all patches (r2 = 0.99) and the uptake rate varied from 18.38 to 47.01 mg/day (mean = 27.18 mg/day, equivalent to 0.71 mg/cm2/hour). Several drugs are excreted in the sweat, and this patch has potential applications as a tool to monitor drug-taking behavior. PMID- 7362859 TI - Prematurity in the rat. II. Effect of hypothermia. AB - The time-courses of liver glycogen, plasma glucose, lactate, alanine and glycerol concentrations in term and preterm rats undergoing hypothermia (30 degrees C) during the first 2 h after delivery have been studied. Hypothermia prevented liver glycogenolysis and the neonatal decrease of plasma glucose concentration in term and preterm rats during the first 2 h after delivery. Hypothermia decreased plasma glucose, lactate and alanine utilization but increased plasma glycerol concentration. These results suggest that hypothermia blunts the utilization of the main metabolic substrates but increases brown adipose tissue lipolysis for thermogenesis. PMID- 7362861 TI - The effect of thromboresistent surfaces on the development of blood emboli and hemolysis. AB - Heparinized dog blood was sheared in conicylindrical test cells which had been coated with thrombo-resistant materials. Hemolysis and blood emboli formation in the coated cells were as great or greater than in uncoated polycarbonate cells. These results suggest that materials which resist the buildup of thrombi may still be stimulating emboli formation and red cell damage. PMID- 7362862 TI - Silver-tin alloys and amalgams: electrochemical considerations. AB - The corrosion potential and anodic polarization profiles of a representative number of silver-tin alloys and their corresponding amalgams in a physiological solution were determined and compared to their microstructures. For the alloys with tin-content greater than 27%(wt) and for all amalgams, the corrosion process is related to the attack of free tin for the alloys and to the gamma-2 tin for the amalgams. The gamma-2 concentration in the amalgams increases with an increase in tin-content. For alloys with tin-content less than 27%, the corrosion process is even more restricted than for the process observed with pure silver. From a developed theory based upon the potential-time and polarization results, association of the O2 reduction process on a SnO cathodic film to an intermediate specie of H2O2 is made. The rate of H2O2 decomposition on a SnO surface in a four electron process is thought to control the O2 reduction overvoltage. The O2 reduction overvoltage decreases with increases in the silver-content of the amalgam, particularily seen with the 8 and 12% tin compositions. Due to the polarization induced corrosion process, a phase with high silver and high mercury concentrations was observed over the unreacted particles. PMID- 7362864 TI - Influence of the amount of platelet-bound IgG on platelet survival and site of sequestration in autoimmune thrombocytopenia. AB - Seventeen patients with idiopathic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura were studied in order to establish whether the amount of platelet-bound antibody influenced the rate and site at which these platelets were destroyed. Platelet bound antibody was measured by a quantitative antiglobulin consumption technique, and platelet survival and sites of sequestration were determined by the use of 51Cr-labeled platelets and surface radioactivity measurements. A correlation significant at the 5% level was observed between the amount of platelet-bound antibody and the rate of platelet destruction. A highly significant correlation (p less than 0.001) existed between antiplatelet antibody and spleen: liver surface radioactivity ratios, demonstrating that greater amounts of antibody bound to platelets result increasingly in their destruction within the liver. PMID- 7362863 TI - Chelating, film-forming, and coagulating ability of the chitosan-glucan complex from Aspergillus niger industrial wastes. AB - Waste mycelia of Aspergillus niger from a citric acid production plant are simply treated with boiling 30-40% NaOH aqueous solutions for 4-6 hr to obtain the insoluble chitosan-glucan complex whose infrared, ESR, and x-ray diffraction spectra are reported. A number of transition- and post-transition-metal ions are chelated and collected by chitosan-glucan with higher yields than by animal chitosan. Immediate flocculation occurs upon mixing chitosan-glucan dispersions with alginate and polymolybdate solutions. Membranes are also obtained from chitosan-glucan dispersions in acetic acid or in chloral and dimethyl formamide mixtures. PMID- 7362865 TI - Changes in the levels of glutathione in phagocytosing human neutrophils. PMID- 7362866 TI - Erythropoietic stress, macrocytosis, and hemoglobin switching in HbAA sheep. AB - Hemoglobin switching and macrocytosis were studied in homozygous hemoglobinAA sheep. An abrupt initiation of erythropoietic stress, accompanied by a pulsed elevation of circulating erythropoietin levels, was induced by phlebotomy. Sequential blood samples were separated according to density on Stractan gradients to isolate cells newly entering the circulation from the marrow each day. Analysis of hemoglobin phenotype and cell volume distribution in these young reticulocytes revealed a distinct temporal separation in the appearance of hemoglobin C and increased cell volume. The appearance of macrocytes within 24 hr of erythropoietin elevation suggests that macrocytosis could be the result of the action of erythropoietin during the late stages of erythroid maturation. The 72 hr delay in the appearance of hemoglobin C indicates that commitment to a particular hemoglobin phenotype occurs at an early stage of differentiation and involves immature erythroid stem cells. The results of this study show that these consequences of erythropoietic stress are initiated at two different developmental stages, resulting in the production of macrocytosis and hemoglobin switching. PMID- 7362868 TI - Inhibitors of complement derived from the erythrocyte membrane in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. AB - Extracts of the membranes of normal red cells and red cells from all subpopulations of paroxysmal nocturnal (PNH) red cells inhibited antibody mediated complement activation. These extracts were shown to accelerate decay of the complement complex. C42, and the relative amount of inhibitory activity was similar in normal and PNH membranes. Inhibitors derived from normal red cells markedly decreased lysis of both PNH and normal cells when antibody was present in excess and complement was limiting. These same inhibitors decreased PNH cell lysis to a much lesser degree when complement was activated with cobra venom or acidified serum. The susceptibility of the PNH cell to complement lysis because of an increased fixation of C3 to its membrane is not due to a difference in membrane-associated accelerator of the decay of the C42 complex. PMID- 7362867 TI - The role of heme in the maturation of erythroblasts: the effects of inhibition of pyridoxine metabolism. PMID- 7362869 TI - The effect of hemodialysis and C5a des arg on neutrophil subpopulations. AB - Alterations in neutrophil subpopulations during human hemodialysis or following injection of C5a des arg into rabbits were studied. Whereas baseline peripheral blood neutrophils contained approximately 80% of cells that formed rosettes with IgG-sensitized erythrocytes, neutrophils harvested at the granulocyte nadir (20 min after initiating hemodialysis or the injection of C5a des arg) were markedly depleted of this population. This was seen in a change in ratio of rosette forming neutrophils (RFN) to non-rosette-forming neutrophils (non-RFN) from 4:1 at 0 time to 1:2 at 20 min. Since non-RFN are less active in assays of adherence and chemotaxis, these alterations in circulating neutrophil populations were reflected in abnormal functional capacity of neutrophils harvested at 20 min. To study the mechanism of RFN depletion, we investigated the ability of C5a des arg to aggregate various human neutrophil suspensions. Unfractionated neutrophils and RFN demonstrated prompt in vitro aggregation in response to C5a des arg, whereas this activated complement fragment induced little aggregation in a population enriched for non-RFN. These results may explain the alterations in neutrophil adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity, which have been reported to accompany clinical disorders characterized by in vivo complement activation (i.e., hemodialysis or gram-negative sepsis). PMID- 7362870 TI - Prothrombin Houston: a dysprothrombin identifiable by crossed immunoelectrofocusing and abnormal Echis carinatus venom activation. AB - A 72-yr-old male with a lifelong history of easy bruisability and posttraumatic bleeding had a prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. His plasma Stypven, Taipan, and Echis carinatus venom clotting times were prolonged. The presence of a dysprothrombin was confirmed by the discrepancy between plasma prothrombin coagulant activity and prothrombin antigen levels. His plasma prothrombin was capable of being completely absorbed onto and then eluted from barium sulfate. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of his plasma prothrombin, and normal plasma prothrombin, into agarose containing rabbit anti-human factor II antibody were similar. Crossed immunoelectrofocusing, a procedure combining isoelectric focusing in disc gels with electroimmunoassay in the second dimension, demonstrated that the patient's prothrombin antigen was more basic than normal. The eluate from barium sulfate absorbtion of patient plasma, when reacted with Echis carinatus venom (which directly cleaves prothrombin to thrombin) clotted purified fibrinogen at a rate slower than normal plasma eluate. SDS-slab gel electrophoresis revealed that the prothrombin present in the patient's eluate was cleaved by Echis carinatus venom. These studies suggest that the coagulopathy of prothrombin Houston results from the generation of a dysfunctional thrombin. PMID- 7362872 TI - Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes in folate depleted medium: an in vitro model for megaloblastic hemopoiesis. AB - Normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured with phytohemagglutinin in folate-free RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with normal human serum exhibit megaloblastic maturation. These changes are accompanied by a decrease in intracellular folate content, and when compared to folate-replete cells, reveal increased 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA together with a decreased inhibitory effect of deoxyuridine on 3H-thymidine incorporation. This in vitro system of cellular folate deficiency is a convenient model for analysis of biochemical events accompanying megaloblastic maturation. PMID- 7362871 TI - Fatal graft-versus-host disease following blood transfusion in Hodgkin's disease documented by HLA typing. AB - Fatal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) developed in a patient with Hodgkin's disease treated with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy following the transfusion of 2 U of packed red blood cells. Clinical features of the GVHD included the development of exfoliative dermatitis, progressive hepatic dysfunction, aplastic anemia, and finally progressive fatal pneumonia. GVHD was documented by skin biopsy and chimerism by HLA typing. The HLA phenotype of the patient's skin fibroblasts [A3, Bw44 (w4)/A2, B15 (w4)] was appropriate for parental haplotypes and probably represented her true HLA phenotype. Lymphocytes from the patient (peripheral blood and lymph node biopsy) were of a different HLA phenotype (A3; Bw35, w38, w4, w6; Cw4), which was inappropriate for parental HLA haplotypes but identical to the HLA phenotype of one of the blood donors. The HLA DR typing of the patient's family and of the blood donor demonstrated that the patient and the donor probably were HLA-DR identical (DRw5/DRw6), although no B lymphocytes could be obtained from the patient for direct DR typing. We are currently irradiating all blood products administered to patients with Hodgkin's disease receiving intensive treatment. Further observations will be necessary to determine whether transfusions to other cancer patients with immunodeficiency states should be restricted to irradiated blood products. PMID- 7362873 TI - Plasmapheresis with return of cryoglobulin-depleted autologous plasma (cryoglobulinpheresis) in cryoglobulinemia. AB - Three patients with cryoglobulinemia have been treated with automated plasma exchange procedures in which the replacement fluid was autologous plasma, obtained at a previous plasmapheresis and incubated in the cold to precipitate abnormal protein. All three responded with a reduction in cryoglobulin level and an improvement in clinical manifestations of cryoglobulinemia. The cost of treatment was less than that of conventional plasmapheresis, even though the quality of the replacement fluid was superior. The term "cryoglobulinpheresis" is suggested for this treatment process. PMID- 7362874 TI - Identification of megakaryocytes in human bone marrow culture: nonspecificity of acid phosphatase. PMID- 7362875 TI - Identification of megakaryocytes in human bone marrow culture: nonspecificity of acid phosphatase. PMID- 7362876 TI - Differences in proliferation of primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells taken from male and female rats. AB - Vascular smooth muscle cells from thoracic aortas of 10-week-old rats were cultured on different substrates. Cells taken from male animals proliferated more quickly than those taken from females; this was true for all substrates, but the difference was accentuated by growth on collagen membranes. The relationship between these results and the sex-linked incidence of hypertension and atherosclerosis is discussed and a model for future studies proposed. PMID- 7362877 TI - Absolute induction angiometer. AB - The objective of this method is the continuous recording of vascular diameters and their measurement in absolute terms. This can be accomplished by percutaneously introduced intravascular sensors (IVS) or surgically implanted perivascular sensors (PVS). Both types of sensor are made of bifilar insulated wires forming a bifilar loop. One wire of the bifilar loop acts as a transformer primary inducing an electromotive force (EMF) in the secondary loop wire. The latter EMF is a measure of the vascular diameter. The IVS loop is made of resilient wire and is disposed across a vascular diameter in the central plane of a blood vessel. The sensitivity is such that phasic variations of a few micrometers in the diameter of a major blood vessel (such as the aorta or a coronary artery) can be measured and recorded. The surgically implanted perivascular loop sensor permits observation of vasomotion in a conscious, unrestrained animal. Both IVS and PVS permit observation of coronary vasomotion in the beating heart. Unlike the relative induction angiometer, the present device does not require an extracorporeal magnet. PMID- 7362878 TI - Deformability of erythrocytes in iron deficiency anemia. AB - The rheological properties of erythrocytes of 14 patients with iron deficiency anemia were studied by filtration of cells through polycarbonate filters with a nominal pore diameter of 5 micron and by viscosity measurements of erythrocyte suspensions with a hematocrit of 80%. Erythrocytes of the patients passed through the filter pores more slowly than the cells from controls. The diminished deformability of the erythrocytes of the patients was solely due to an unfavorable ratio of cell surface area to microcytic cell volume. The viscosity of the ghost suspensions of the patients showed a normal flexibility. The hemoglobin content of the isolated ghosts was diminished, indicating an increased hemoglobin fluidity in the interior of the intact cells. The viscosity of erythrocytes of the patients was slightly increased at low shear rates but was normal at intermediate and high shear rates. We suggest that the decreased erythrocyte flexibility of microcytosis at low shear rates is no longer present at higher shear rates because of an increased fluidity of the intracellular hemoglobin. We discuss whether or not this mechanism also operates in vivo. The in vitro diminished deformability of erythrocytes explains the shortened survival of the patients' erythrocytes in vivo. PMID- 7362879 TI - Perfusion of isolated human spleens. AB - Twelve normal human spleens were perfused in vitro for 17 h at normothermia. The histological structure was well preserved. Splenic imprints showed a normal cellular pattern, mitoses, and labelled lymphoid cells after 3H-thymidine labelling. Metabolic parameters were comparable to in vivo data of human spleens. The perfusion system can preserve the structure and function of human spleens in vitro. PMID- 7362880 TI - Antitumoral activity of dipyrido [4,3-b] [3,4-f] indoles on L 1210 leukemia. AB - Newly synthesized dipyrido [4,3-b] [3,4-f] indole compounds have a structural similarity with the DNA intercalating agents ellipticines (pyrido-carbazoles). The procedure of synthesis of these compounds allows the addition of a lateral chain in position 1 of the nucleus. Comparison is made between different substitutions and the resulting cytotoxic and antitumoral effects. The most active compound of the serie (1-gamma-diethyl amino propyl amino)-5-methyl dipyrido [4,3-b] [3,4-f] indole (called here BD40) protects mice against L1210 leukemia. At the non-toxic dose of 20 mg/kg, particularly, a single infection of this compound given one day after inoculation of 10(5) L1210 cells resulted in an increased life span of 69 per cent with one survivor at 60 days. A combination of cyclophosphamide and BD40 had a synergic effect on the life span of L1210 inoculated mice. The antitumoral action of these drugs may be linked to their intercalative action upon biding to DNA. PMID- 7362881 TI - [Vascular complications after the treatment of carcinoma of the cervix (author's transl)]. AB - Vascular complications after this treatment are rare. Artery stenosis or occlusions, more often iliac, are well recognized complications of postoperative radiotherapy. These segmental lesions, sometimes, are pathological lesions similar to arteriosclerotic changes. These lesions may be corrected later on after the treatment of carcinoma of the cervix. The venous complications often present later and tall within the context of post thrombotic syndrome. Conservative treatment is indicated alone. A well recognized complication, lymphedema is usually mild; a superimposed iliofemoral thrombophlebitis often may be suspected. PMID- 7362882 TI - [Pelvic embolization in uterine cervix carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7362883 TI - [Post irradiation bone lesion of the pelvis (author's transl)]. AB - Post-irradiation bone lesions of the pelvis, rare but grave functionally, may appear from few months to some years after irradiation. The most severe lesions occur in the hip, with necrosis, fracture or cartilaginous lesions. Radiological appearances may be dissociated, giving a false impression of progression. Undisplaced fractures may consolidate. In other cases an arthroplasty is indicated, often total, but the bad quality of the bone receiving the prosthesis explain certain poor results caused by loosening. PMID- 7362884 TI - [Cancer of the cervix. Dictionary of complications]. AB - This glossary of the complications of carcinoma of the cervix was evaluated by the review of more than 1 000 medical records at the Gustave-Roussy Institute. It is the fruit of the practical experience over several years of a team combining of the disciplines of radiotherapy, surgery, gynaecology and computer techniques. It has no pretense at universality. It greatly simplifies, and always in terms of practice and not theory. It was established for the purpose of computerised recording and hence statistical study. It is inadequate for detailed studies in depth of individual complications. PMID- 7362885 TI - [Research on the etiological factors of oesophageal cancer in the West of France (author's transl)]. AB - There is strong epidemiological evidence that oesophageal cancer in the West of France is related to alcohol consumption. Various laboratory studies have been undertaken in connection with this finding. Samples of the spectrum of alcoholic drinks consumed in the region, notably apple cider and its distillates, were collected from retail outlets and from farms: several distillates produced under experimental conditions in the laboratory were also examined. These samples were analysed for the presence of selected nitrosamines; small amounts were found for the most part in beer, which is little consumed in Normandy and Brittany. Mutageniticy tests on the apple cider based drinks and on other commercially available alcoholic beverages (beer excepted), have shown a weak response, for the most part in farm distillates, that can be attributed neither to nitrosamines nor to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but to some other as yet unidentified compounds. PMID- 7362886 TI - [Prospects for para-aortic irradiation in carcinoma of the uterine cervix (author's transl)]. PMID- 7362887 TI - [Primary surgery in the treatment of stage I and "slight" stage II carcinoma of the cervix (author's transl)]. AB - A group of 140 patients with stage I and "slight" stage II invasive carcinoma of the cervix undergoing surgery without prior irradiation between October 1st and October 31st 1978 is presented. The 5 year survival rate, taking into account the actual characteristics of the series, corresponded to the average usually found. Primary surgery makes it possible to limit indications for irradiation to cases where there exists either true infiltration of pelvic tissue or lymph node metastases which can be assessed only by examination of an operative specimen. It is thus also possible to avoid "radiotherapy menopause" in a large number of women (in 68 of the 81 patients aged less than 50 years in the present series). PMID- 7362888 TI - [Early stages of uterine cervix carcinoma: surgery and radiotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7362889 TI - [Radical surgery and radiation in carcinoma of the uterine cervix and results (author's transl)]. AB - A radical panhysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed immediately after intracavitary radiation in 240 cases of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. In some cases external radiation was performed after surgery. The 10 years survival rate was: 76 per cent in 169 stage I, 57 per cent in 71 stage II. Twenty seven patients died from recurrence or metastasis. Iatrogenic urinary tract complications were responsible of the death in 12 cases. All these cases were submitted to external radiation. PMID- 7362890 TI - [Surgical treatment of carcinomas of the cervix stage III (author's transl)]. AB - This study is devoted to the analysis of the surgical treatment of cancer of the uterine cervix, stage III. Three circumstances are evaluated: - Stage III with urinary disease the purpose of the surgical treatment is most often to save the renal function;--Recurrences after radiotherapy where surgery is the only possible treatment;--Stage III - Three attitudes are pointed out: Radical operation primary. Systematic surgery after preoperative radiotherapy. In the Institut Gustave-Roussy (IGR), Villejuif, exploaratory caeliotomy was performed after a preoperative irradiation of twenty Grays. The post-operative irradiation was then adapted according to the surgical evaluation. PMID- 7362891 TI - [Pelvic exenteration for carcinoma of the uterine cervix (author's transl)]. AB - From 1953 to 1972, 149 patients at Centre Leon Berard, were treated by pelvic exenteration for carcinoma of the cervix. A review of the literature and of our cases showed that the mortality rate varied between 12 and 38 per cent according to the authors. In our experience, the final cause of death has been essentially pelvic reccurences within 18 months of the operation. For Ketcham, the patients died principally from metastases. To illustrate these results, criteria for patient selection for pelvic exenteration are outlined, with some suggestions for operative and post-operative management. The pre-operative medical status, the roentgenographic studies and finally exploratory laparotomy eliminated all but a very small number of patients, 15 to 20 per cent. Pelvic exenteration is appreciably beneficial only for this small group. Indeed, the exenteration is acceptable only when it does not result in excessive mutilation disproportinate with the chances of survival. It is conceivable only as curative treatment requiring a radical loco-regional excision, not only for the involved viscerae but also for the pelvic lymph nodes. PMID- 7362893 TI - [Carcinoma of cervical stump. A retrospective study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7362892 TI - Intercalative binding to DNA of new antitumoral agents: dipyrido [4,3-b] [3,4-f] indoles. AB - The study of new intercalating DNA agents has led to the synthesis of dipyrido [4,3-b] [3,4-f] indole derivatives. These compounds bind preferentially to helical DNA and their affinity constants range from 10(6) to 10(7) M-1. The most active derivative against L1210 mouse leukemia produces viscosity changes in sheared fragments of linear DNA and in circular PM2 DNA on binding, indicating an intercalation process. The unwinding angle is estimated to be 18(0). This active derivative binds preferentially to A-T base pairs. PMID- 7362894 TI - [End results of uterine cervix carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7362895 TI - Degradation of pentachlorophenol in simulated lentic environments. PMID- 7362896 TI - Adsorption of styrene monomer on activated carbon. PMID- 7362897 TI - Estimation of chemical mobility in soil from liquid chromatographic retention times. PMID- 7362898 TI - Influence of bacterial growth on the forms of cadmium in defined culture media. PMID- 7362899 TI - Uptake and translocation of o-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate (BPMC) and O,O diisopropyl S-benzyl phosphorothiolate (IBP) in rice plants applied as single and mixed preparations. AB - When BPMC was applied as single or mixed preparation with IBP to rice plants, BPMC absorbed through roots and translocated to upper portions. The uptake and dissipation of BPMC in rice plants were not different between both preparations. The disappearance of BPMC in plant was rapid and residue level of BPMC was below 0.2 ppm 15 days after treatment. On the other hand, the concentration of IBP applied as mixed preparation decreased slowly as compared with that of BPMC. The persistence of IBP in rice plants was considerably long, and it may be due to the high stability in plants. PMID- 7362900 TI - Abundance of organic compounds in water. PMID- 7362901 TI - Effects of short-term field applications of acrolein and 2,4-D (DMA) on flavor of the flesh of rainbow trout. PMID- 7362902 TI - Application of dehydrochlorination to the determination of toxaphene in soil and identification of the major gas chromatographic peak. PMID- 7362903 TI - Persistence of dinitramine and trifluralin in Nova Scotia, Canada. PMID- 7362905 TI - Assessment of some aqueous residual chlorine measurements. PMID- 7362904 TI - Evaluation of in vitro enzyme inhibition for screening petroleum effluents. PMID- 7362906 TI - Determination of polyhalogenated phenotic compounds in drinking water, human blood serum and adipose tissue. PMID- 7362907 TI - Occurrence of tetraalkyllead compounds in the aquatic environment. PMID- 7362909 TI - Effect of lead on pigment pattern formation in zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio). PMID- 7362908 TI - Effects of reversible incubations of zebrafish eggs in copper and lead ions with or without shell membranes. PMID- 7362910 TI - Excretion of fenvalerate insecticide in the milk of dairy cows. PMID- 7362911 TI - Bromine accumulation in soil and vegetation surrounding a liquid bromine spill. PMID- 7362912 TI - An implanted slide technique for examining the effects of the herbicide diuron on soil algae. PMID- 7362913 TI - Physiological and morphological changes in a cold torpid marine fish upon acute exposure to petroleum. PMID- 7362914 TI - Trials with the Auditory Response Cradle. II--The neonatal respiratory response to an auditory stimulus. AB - The respiratory response of the neonate to an acoustic stimulus is analysed. It is shown that a response may be indicated by (i) a change in the mean cycle time, (ii) a change in the variability of cycle times, (iii) short or long cycles in the sound-on-period following a regular sequence prior to the stimulus. Responses were found to be independent of the pre-stimulus mean cycle time and variability subject to certain restriction. Decision rules are formulated and applied to the Auditory Response Cradle test results. Good agreement is found between statistical and visual methods of trace analysis. PMID- 7362915 TI - Comparing TROCA and peep-show in testing the hearing of young children. AB - The hearing of 24 normal hearing children ranging in age from 18 to 32 months was tested by TROCA and peep-show, two operant conditioning technique differing only in the type of reward. Children between 18 and 24 months consistently exhibited poorer thresholds (lowest response levels) than children between 25 and 32 months. The older children required fewer trials for threshold determination and took less time in completing testing. Children tested with TROCA exhibited significantly poorer thresholds (although the differences were small) and took significantly longer to complete testing than for peep-show. No differences were found between the two methods for the number of trials to obtain threshold. The results strongly suggest that the type of reward is not an important factor in testing the hearing of young, normal children. PMID- 7362916 TI - Fitting hearing aids: the effects of method of instruction. AB - An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of teaching method, age and sex on older people's ability to fit their hearing aids. Four methods of teaching were examined, three of which used visual material developed in conjunction with the Exeter College of Art. As a result of the experiment self-instruction is the method recommended for use at Hearing Aid Centres as it reduces instructor time, leads to greater success and naturally differentiates those who are having substantial difficulty from those who manage. It can both save technician time and reveal those on whom they need to concentrate their effort. In this way it is evidently the most efficient. PMID- 7362917 TI - Latency of brainstem response in children. AB - Brainstem electric responses were obtained on a group of 70 normal hearing children, aged 5-11 years, matched by age and sex. The recordings were examined for differences in latencies between the sexes at each age. The results showed that males have a longer latency than females, but when broken down into age groups, the latency of children aged 5-7 years was the same, and the latency of children aged 8-11 years differed. The results for latency of wave V of the whole group showed the greatest difference. The reason why such a sex difference should occur in middle childhood is discussed, but no physical cause found. PMID- 7362918 TI - A tactile sound level monitor for the profoundly deaf. AB - A profoundly deaf person can be made aware of certain features of his acoustic environment by means of a vibrating transducer on the skin. The design of such a system for transmitting sound level information is discussed. Preliminary trials suggest that the device assists profoundly deaf users to control their voice volume and can also give useful information about other sounds in the environment. PMID- 7362919 TI - Auditory deprivation from birth--clarification of some issues. AB - The study of auditory deprivation from birth represents a series of empirical animal research findings suggesting intrinsic higher level processing problems arising from this early reduction of auditory stimulation. Following comment by Bench (1979), this paper traces the relation of auditory and linguistic deprivation, particularly in the case of Genie, and some of the human implications are clarified. The problem of disturbance of internal language function due to auditory deprivation requires elaboration in audiological, psychological and linguistic terms. PMID- 7362920 TI - Further test of a model for loudness coding after adaptation. AB - The present study attempted to fit Weiler and Hood's (1977) quantitative model for loudness coding to an additional set of simultaneous dichotic loudness balance (SDLB) adaptation data. The error of prediction for test values 10 dB above adapting intensity for 12 normal-hearing listeners was -2.7 to -4.7 dB, an average of -3.5 dB. Since the error of prediction was so nearly constant (S.D. = +/- 737 dB), it seemed reasonable to attribute it do differences in procedural technique, and to conclude that the loudness model does account for coding in the adaptation results. PMID- 7362921 TI - Medical librarianship: a systems perspective. AB - Medical or health sciences librarianship is viewed as a system whose components are the professional school, the professional group, and the professional association. As an open system it imports energy from these components, or subsystems, and transforms this energy into professionally identifiable products. The subsystems, in influencing the character of the medical and health sciences library profession, are interdependent and interrelated. However, linkages between the subsystems are becoming defective due primarily to lack of communication, information, and feedback. Stronger and more vigorous interaction among the subsystems is needed. PMID- 7362922 TI - Publisher: professional or profiteer? AB - This article discusses the general economics of journal and monograph publishing. The costs related to acquisition, production, marketing, and distribution of journals and monographs are analyzed by considering "typical" cost elements borne by all scientific and medical publishers. PMID- 7362924 TI - New library buildings: Creighton University Bio-Information Center. AB - In May 1977 the newly constructed Creighton University Bio-Information Center, costing over $4 million and containing more than 57,000 square feet of space, officially began to provide services. This facility houses three educational support programs--the Health Sciences Library, the Learning Resources Center, and the Biomedical Communications Center--that primarily serve the University's health sciences schools of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, nursing, and allied health, and the University's major teaching hospital, Saint Joseph Hospital. This article begins with a brief history of the development of the library and is chiefly concerned with the Health Sciences Library and the Learning Resources Center. Criteria formulated during the design phase of the Bio-Information Center are identified. A description of the center and its services, with an emphasis on the application of these criteria, is set forth. Finally, an assessment of the current increased utilization of library services and resources contained in the Bio-Information Center is presented. PMID- 7362923 TI - Consumer health information: libraries as partners. AB - The need for consumer health information delivery is becoming more evident to librarians. The results of a user survey at a large medical center library and a metropolitan public library confirm that the general public is making demands for health information at both types of libraries. Issues facing librarians are discussed; roles are suggested for public libraries, for academic health sciences libraries, and for hospital libraries. The importance of library involvement in the delivery of consumer health information is emphasized. Librarians are urged to define a role for themselves and to work hard at identifying the library profession to all others involved in the delivery of consumer health information. PMID- 7362925 TI - Library mobilization for continuing education. PMID- 7362927 TI - The suggestion card as an alternative to the suggestion book. PMID- 7362926 TI - A medical library's response to Three Mile Island. PMID- 7362928 TI - Cost analysis of reference service to outside users. PMID- 7362929 TI - Hospitalized offspring of holocaust survivors. Problems and dynamics. PMID- 7362933 TI - Work: curse or blessing? A psychoanalytic systematization. PMID- 7362931 TI - Separation-individuation factors in the genesis of a particular family constellation. PMID- 7362932 TI - Gender identity conflicts in male transsexualism. PMID- 7362930 TI - Ethical and legal aspects of supervision. PMID- 7362934 TI - Reaction time as a function of the cardiac cycle. AB - Simple reaction times to auditory stimuli varied with the phase of the cardiac cycle in which the stimulus was presented. Longitudinal studies showed that stimuli triggered at different phases in the ECG gave rise to different rhythmic patterns of behaviour. PMID- 7362935 TI - Effects of cigarette smoking on immediate memory and performance in different kinds of smoker. AB - Changes in performance resulting from smoking were assessed in 48 male cigarette smokers who were classified both by daily consumption and by relative desire for smoking in situations inducive of high or low arousal. Each took part in four first cigarette of the day conditions involving a sham smoking control and three cigarettes differing in nicotine delivery. With increasing cigarette strength gains in letter cancellation speed on smoking increased although an inverted-U relationship was suggested; immediate memory accuracy progressively deteriorated once pre-smoking performance was controlled for. Smokers with greater desire to smoke in situations inducive of low arousal appeared to react more strongly to cigarettes and showed superior gain in cancellation speed on smoking. High cigarette consumption did not lead to between-day tolerance to cigarette effects. PMID- 7362936 TI - Carcinoma of the tongue: factors affecting the results of surgical treatment. AB - Sixty-five cases of carcinoma of the tongue treated by surgery were reviewed. The types of operation included hemiglossectomy, subtotal and total glossectomy with or without hemimandibulectomy and laryngectomy. Simultaneous neck dissection was usually performed except for patients who had radiotherapy and did not have clinical lymph node involvement. The hospital mortality and five-year survival rates were analysed for individual subgroups of patients classified according to clinical and pathological features. The overall hospital mortality rate was 21.5 per cent. The size of the tumour and the presence of extension posteriorly, to the opposite side and to the floor of the mouth increased the mortality. Lesions situated on the dorsum fared worse than those at the edge or undersurface. Clinically and pathologically involved lymph nodes adversely affected the mortality. The more extensive the resection, the higher the mortality. Old age and previous failed radiotherapy also increased mortality. The overall five-year survival rate was 46 per cent. Long term survival was not so much affected by the size of the primary tumour and degree of local extension as was the hospital mortality. Clinical as well as pathological staging of regional lymph nodes were more important in influencing long term survival. Recurrence after radiotherapy had a worse prognosis than previously untreated tumours. PMID- 7362937 TI - Solitary abscess of the spleen. AB - Solitary abscess of the spleen is a potentially lethal condition. It is difficult to diagnose but relatively easy to treat, resulting in cure of the majority of the patients. A case is described to illustrate the important factors in aetiology, presentation, diagnosis and treatment. All cases reported since 1960 are reviewed: the mortality of untreated patients is shown to be 100 per cent. If this condition is successfully diagnosed and treated, without rupture, no patient should die from it. PMID- 7362938 TI - Haemodynamic effects of splenectomy and vasoligation in bilharzial hepatic fibrosis. AB - Patients with bilharzial hepatic fibrosis, when compared with control subjects, were found to be hypervolaemic as a result of increased plasma volume. The estimated hepatic blood flow in these patients was not significantly different from that of healthy individuals. Splenectomy and vasoligation was followed by a drop in portal pressure measured through an omental vein at operation. The estimated hepatic blood flow, however, was not altered by this surgical procedure. The blood volume, which was found to correlate with the size of the spleen, diminished and so did the plasma volume when measured after this operation. PMID- 7362939 TI - Asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism: an assessment of operative intervention. AB - The incidental finding of hypercalcaemia during multi-channel screening was the initiating event in 33 (45 per cent) of 79 consecutive cases of surgically treated primary hyperparathyroidism. This subgroup was asymptomatic as defined. Although significant biochemical differences existed between symptomatic and asymptomatic cases, a range of metabolic indices of bone turnover fell postoperatively in almost all asymptomatic subjects, although initially abnormal in only 35 per cent. Achievement of normocalcaemia was significantly surgeon dependent. PMID- 7362940 TI - Graduated, static, external compression of the lower limb: a physiological assessment. AB - A five-chambered pneumatic vinyl sleeve was used to determine the optimum pressure range of graduated, static, external compression of the lower limb, which would be most beneficial in increasing deep venous velocity. The effects of four different ranges of pressure upon deep venous velocity (technetium-99), calf muscle blood flow (xenon-133) and subcutaneous tissue flow (sodium-24) were measured in recumbent patients. The pressure range 18, 14, 8, 10, 8 mmHg produced a significant increase in mean deep venous velocity (P less than 0.02) without any consequent impairment of either calf muscle blood flow or subcutaneous tissue flow. A higher pressure range of 30, 26, 14, 18, 12 mmHg also produced an increase in mean deep venous velocity, but caused a significant impairment of calf subcutaneous tissue flow. PMID- 7362941 TI - How long do compression bandages maintain their pressure during ambulatory treatment of varicose veins? AB - Compression bandages are normally applied for 6 weeks after sclerotherapy. The changes in pressure exerted by such bandages have been measured over 8 h. The results show that different surgeons applied bandages over a wide range of pressures but the range for each individual surgeon was surprisingly narrow. The pressure falls with time and approaches zero at 6--8 h of normal activity by the subject, but more slowly if the knee and ankle joints are excluded from the bandage. The initial pressures were higher when STD compression pads were used, although the rate at which the pressure fell was the same. PMID- 7362944 TI - The release of vasoactive intestinal peptide during altered mid-gut blood flow. AB - In a series of 17 dogs of which 6 were controls experiments were undertaken to measure arterial and portal vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels during reduced cephalic mesenteric artery flow states and following reperfusion of the ischaemic mid gut. The flow states examined were basal flow, 50 per cent of basal flow and 25 per cent of basal flow. Zero flow was examined for 20 min and reperfusion of the ischaemic mid gut for 20 min. Peripheral and portal VIP levels were found to be massively elevated during all the flow states studied but particularly during reperfusion of the ischaemic mid gut. PMID- 7362943 TI - Transrectal biopsy of the prostate and bacteraemia. AB - Bacteraemia and urinary tract infection are well-recognized complications of urological procedures. This paper compares, for the first time, the incidence of bacteraemia after cystoscopy and transrectal biopsy of the prostate with that following cystoscopy alone. The incidence of bacteraemia in those undergoing biopsy was 73 per cent; following cystoscopy alone the incidence was 13 per cent. In view of this high incidence we recommend prophylactic antibiotic cover of transrectal prostatic biopsy. PMID- 7362945 TI - The delayed treatment of wounds of the hand and forearm under antibiotic cover. AB - In wounds of the hand and forearm treated within 4 h of injury, prophylactic clindamycin, in a dose of 150 mg 6-hourly for 5 days, did not reduce the infection rate. In wounds treated after 4 h the infection rate was reduced, but not significantly so. There was a significant reduction in the infection rate comparing all wounds treated within 4 h with those treated after 4 h. Early treatment of wounds is more important than prophylactic antibiotics, although these may have a part to play where late treatment is unavoidable. PMID- 7362946 TI - Crossed renal ectopia without fusion: case report with angiographic study. PMID- 7362947 TI - Autonomous ectopic thyroid suppressing a normally situated gland, simulating a thyroglossal cyst: a case report. PMID- 7362942 TI - Tuberculosis of the breast. AB - Sixteen cases of tuberculosis of the breast are presented. The clinical features were a firm mass or a recurring abscess of the breast, sometimes associated with discharging sinuses. Diagnosis relied on histological appearance, acid-fast bacilli being present in only 3 specimens and positive cultures obtained in 4 patients. Local excision of the mass and chemotherapy proved effective treatment. PMID- 7362948 TI - A pancreatic cystadenoma complicated by varices: case report. PMID- 7362949 TI - Double gallbladder with cholecystocolic fistula: a case report. PMID- 7362950 TI - The use of tantalum clips during operative cholangiography. PMID- 7362951 TI - Myelolipoma of the adrenal. PMID- 7362952 TI - Spontaneous detachment of the appendix in acute appendicitis. PMID- 7362953 TI - Intraoperative irrigation of the colon to permit primary anastomosis. AB - A technique is described which permits intraoperative application of antegrade bowel irrigation to clear the obstructed or loaded colon of faeces with minimal risk of contamination. The procedure extends the indications for safe primary anastomosis in surgery of the left colon. PMID- 7362954 TI - The effect of hypovolaemia on colonic blood flow in the dog. AB - The effects of a minor degree of hypovolaemia on colonic blood flow and on systemic haemodynamics have been studied in nine greyhound dogs. A loss in blood volume of 10 per cent over 20 min produced no change in blood pressure and only a 7 per cent rise in heart rate. Cardiac output, however, fell by 26 per cent and central venous pressure also fell significantly. Colonic blood flow fell by 28 per cent and oxygen availability by 29 per cent. All these changes were statistically highly significant. Retransfusion of shed blood resulted in a slow and incomplete return to pre-bleed status. Since colonic blood flow and oxygen availability during and after surgery may be important for colonic healing, it is suggested that even the slightest degree of hypovolaemia should be avoided in cases involving colonic anastomosis. Systemic blood pressure may be an inadequate index of the need for transfusion in these cases. PMID- 7362955 TI - Single and multiple dose cotrimoxazole and metronidazole in colorectal surgery. AB - Cotrimoxazole and metronidazole were given prophylactically to patients undergoing colorectal surgery as a single preoperative dose or in multiple doses for 5 days. A total of 60 operations randomly divided into two groups showed that the rate of wound infection was low in both groups and there was no statistical difference between them. There were no cases of anastomotic dehiscence in those patients where the anastomosis was carried out from within the abdomen, but 7 out of 9 patients with transphincteric colo-anastomoses developed a suture line dehiscence. A greater degree of post-catheterization urinary tract infection was seen in the single dose group (which lacks statistical significance). There were no toxic effects. PMID- 7362956 TI - Peroperative antibiotics in the prevention of chest infection following cardiac operations. AB - Seventy-nine patients about to undergo cardiac operations were randomly allocated to two treatment groups in an attempt to reduce postoperative chest infections. The group receiving a short peroperative course of cefamandole, an antibiotic effective against both the pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae, had a significantly lower postoperative chest infection rate than the group receiving a 3-day course of cephradine, an antibiotic previously chosen to prevent intracardiac infection during the operation. By selecting an appropriate antibiotic it is possible, using a short peroperative course, to reduce the postoperative chest infection rate in patients undergoing cardiac operations. PMID- 7362958 TI - Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. AB - Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver (FNH) in a fit young Iranian girl of 19 months presented with asymptomatic hepatomegaly. Liver scan and ultrasound examinations demonstrated a space-occupying lesion involving both hepatic lobes. Arteriography revealed a vascular pattern suggestive of liver cell carcinoma with dilated arterial branches and tumour blush on the capillary phase. At laparotomy the large mass involved both right and left hepatic lobes and was not resected. Tissue diagnosis was established by surgical wedge biopsy. FNH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an hepatic mass in a clinically well child, particularly female, in which the liver biopsy suggests cirrhosis but arteriography favours liver cell carcinoma. If FNH is diagnosed and the lesion is not resected it is recommended that patients be advised against sex hormone therapy as there may be an increased risk of rupture with intraperitoneal haemorrhage. PMID- 7362957 TI - Alleviation of autotransfusion-induced haematological damage by corticosteroids. AB - Thrombocytopenia and haemolysis in intraoperative autotransfusion result mainly from extravascular tissue contact and therefore are not correctable by mechanical improvements in the autotransfusion apparatus. Instead, attention must be directed towards prevention of blood 'recognition' of extravascular tissue or stabilization of blood components against this damage. Methylprednisolone is shown to be effective in alleviating red cell and platelet damage induced by intraoperative autotransfusion in the canine model. PMID- 7362959 TI - The measurement of arterial perfusion of the liver in man using the radioisotope xenon-133. AB - The washout from the liver of xenon-133 injected into the thoracic aorta of human subjects undergoing cardiac investigation was monitored externally with a sodium iodide scintillation detector. The washout curve displayed an initial peak of activity, followed by a brief decline, and then a second, slower rise. The initial peak was thought to be due to isotope arriving in the liver via the hepatic artery, and the second rise due to isotope arriving via the portal vein. A method of analysis is presented which uses the height of this arterial peak to calculate arterial perfusion of the liver. PMID- 7362960 TI - The angiographic anatomy of the coronary arteries. AB - The angiographic anatomy of the coronary arteries is described and illustrated by three corrosion casts of normal human hearts, photographed in projections comparable to those used in coronary arteriograms. They are accompanied by matched normal coronary arteriograms. The study of casts of the heart and of the coronary arteries in particular facilitates understanding of the radiographic projections commonly employed in coronary arteriography. PMID- 7362961 TI - Towards fewer colostomies--the impact of circular stapling devices on the surgery of rectal cancer in a district hospital. AB - Circular stapling devices can be used to extend the range of anterior resection of the rectum to encompass most of anterior resection of the rectum to encompass most rectal carcinomas. In one district general hospital the number of abdominoperineal resections performed in a 12-month period has been reduced from 27 to 4. A personal series is presented of 40 patients in whom the new technique allowed restorative resection to replace permanent colostomy. Special care is essential in the preparation of the colon for the low anastomosis. PMID- 7362962 TI - Dependent proximal loop colostomy: does it defunction the distal colon? AB - The operation of dependent proximal loop colostomy is described. This colostomy avoids the complications of prolapse and paracolostomy hernia and is easy to close. It appears clinically to totally defunction the distal colon; his ability was studied by means of a radioactive tracer. Ten patients were given chromium-51 by mouth and it was found that none of this spilled over into the distal loop. It is concluded that dependent proximal loop colostomies effectively defunction the distal colon. PMID- 7362963 TI - The long term effect of sphincter preserving operations for rectal carcinoma on function of the anal sphincter in man. AB - Anal function was studied in 20 normal subjects and in 20 patients who had undergone sphincter-saving resection of the rectum for carcinoma. In each the anastomosis had been constructed 3-7 cm from the anal verge. Inhibition of the internal sphincter was judged to have taken place when distension of a balloon 10 cm from the anal verge produced an immediate fall of at least 20 per cent in resting anal pressure as measured by a balloon probe: inhibition of the external sphincter in response to the same stimulus was defined as complete cessation of EMG activity. Threshold for sensation was the minimal volume of balloon distension required to elicit a response. Maximum tolerable volume was the largest volume of distension tolerated. Inhibition of the activity of the internal sphincter was found in all controls and in 17 of 20 patients. External sphincter activity was inhibited in 16 of 20 controls and 11 of 19 patients. Threshold for sensation and its quality were similar in both groups. Patients had more frequent bowel actions than the controls which is probably explained by significant reductions in resting and pressure and maximum tolerable volume found in patients. These results suggest that some, at least, of the physiological mechanisms subserving continence remain intact after complete or nearly complete excision of the rectum. PMID- 7362964 TI - Intussusception in infancy and childhood. AB - A total of 209 cases of intussusception treated at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, in the past decade has been reviewed. The results are compared with similar reports for the two preceding decades from the same hospital. The mortality rate has fallen; there were 5 deaths in this series, 2 of these deaths occurring some months after the presentation with intussusception and death being caused by dissemination of lymphosarcoma. The continuing delay in diagnosis is apparent. PMID- 7362965 TI - Intussusception: a study of its surgical management. AB - Seventy-seven consecutive records of patients with intussusception presenting to the Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital have been reviewed. The clinical features of the disease, the methods and the results of treatment are described. An attempt has been made to correlate clinical findings with the use, success and safety of operative intervention. Retrospectively, over 40 per cent of the cases possibly justified surgical intervention, but 10 per cent of those operated on had complications. There were no deaths in this series. PMID- 7362966 TI - Meckel's diverticulum: its association with congenital malformation and the significance of atypical morphology. AB - Retrospective analysis of the records of a children's hospital shows an increased incidence of Meckel's diverticulum in children born with major malformation of the umbilicus, alimentary tract, nervous system or cardiovascular system in descending order. A consideration of the risks associated with Meckel's diverticulum suggests that elective resection is indicated only for diverticula that are atypical on inspection or palpation. PMID- 7362967 TI - Simultaneous isotope clearance from the muscles of the calf and thigh. AB - There has been no end to the attempts made to determine the site and severity of arterial lesions in claudicants by the use of non-invasive methods but, so far, their diagnostic value has been limited. A method whose diagnostic accuracy in determining the site and functional severity of the lesions approaches that of arteriography is discussed. The hyperaemic index, which is the ratio of the total excess of blood supply during post-exercise hyperaemia over the maximum hyperaemic flow, has been determined in the thigh and calf simultaneously, by measuring the 99Tcm muscle clearance in 30 limbs of 20 healthy volunteers and 139 limbs of 145 patients with claudication. Lumbar arteriography classified the lesions in all patients as 0-10 per cent, 10-40 per cent, 40-70 per cent and more than 70 per cent stenosis. A bivariate analysis of the hyperamic indices of the thigh and calf determined the site and whether single lesions consisted of a stenosis greater or less than 70 per cent. In limbs with combined aorto-iliac and superficial femoral lesions the values of the hyperaemic indices could determine which of the two lesions was the more severe in addition to whether lesions consisted of a stenosis greater or less than 70 per cent. These findings have been confirmed in a further blind prospective study of 47 limbs in which determination of the site and severity of lesions preceded aortography. PMID- 7362968 TI - Cerebral atrophy or hydrocephalus? PMID- 7362969 TI - Tuberculosis in patients having dialysis. PMID- 7362970 TI - Seasonal cystitis. PMID- 7362971 TI - Intracellular calcium and pathogenesis and antenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - One of the earliest and most important abnormalities of fetal muscle in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an increase in eosinophilic fibres (those that stain darkly with eosin). A study of normal and at-risk male fetuses after abortion was carried out, which showed that these eosinophilic fibres contain increased intracellular calcium, which suggests that this is an early biochemical change in the disorder. Since increased intracellular calcium would account for various biochemical and clinical features of the disease, it may be related to the primary defect. Thus an increase in muscle fibres containing increased intracellular calcium in at-risk fetuses may provide an additional means of assessing the validity of any future presumptive antenatal test for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7362972 TI - Blood glucose monitors: a laboratory and patient assessment. AB - The four blood glucose monitors available in the United Kingdom were compared by asking the opinions of 24 patients who used each monitor for two weeks, by correlating their blood glucose results with those obtained in the laboratory, and by having the monitors examined by an electronics engineer. Of the battery operated monitors, patients preferred the Hypocount (15) to the Glucochek (9). The mains-operated units were less popular, with little to choose between Eyetone and Reflomat. Under field conditions the blood glucose results obtained with the Glucochek correlated poorly with the standard reference method. In contrast the Hypocount, Eyetone, and Reflomat machines produced good correlations. Poor results with the Glucochek were mainly due to faulty timing systems. The patients' preference for the Hypocount was supported by tests of performance under laboratory conditions and by the electronics engineer's report. PMID- 7362973 TI - Age distribution of cancer of the cervix uteri. PMID- 7362974 TI - Hypoplastic anaemia associated with legionnaires' disease. PMID- 7362975 TI - Polyneuritis associated with azathioprine sensitivity reaction. PMID- 7362976 TI - Ear syringing. PMID- 7362977 TI - From the trial of a Soviet doctor. PMID- 7362978 TI - Growth and growth charts. PMID- 7362979 TI - Clinical medical officers in the child health service. Faculty of Community Medicine. PMID- 7362981 TI - Medicine and the humane society. PMID- 7362980 TI - In the bush at Ochadamu. PMID- 7362984 TI - Labile hypertension. PMID- 7362983 TI - Hypertension and general practice. PMID- 7362982 TI - Hypertension and general practice. PMID- 7362985 TI - Smoking and doctors' mortality. PMID- 7362986 TI - Smoking and doctors' mortality. PMID- 7362987 TI - Breast-feeding in Sarawak. PMID- 7362988 TI - Randomised controlled trials. PMID- 7362989 TI - Elimination diets in childhood. PMID- 7362990 TI - Unsolved problems for the '80s. PMID- 7362991 TI - Unsolved problems for the '80s. PMID- 7362992 TI - Incidence of gallstones and ischaemic heart disease in the West of Scotland. PMID- 7362993 TI - ECT: balancing risks and benefits. PMID- 7362994 TI - Incidence of malignant melanoma of the skin. PMID- 7362995 TI - Services for the mentally handicapped. PMID- 7362996 TI - Day-bed units. PMID- 7362997 TI - Polycythaemia vera and central sleep apnoea. PMID- 7362998 TI - Chiropractic and the NHS. PMID- 7362999 TI - Cimetidine for pruritus related to systemic disorders. PMID- 7363000 TI - Emergency admission arrangements in hospital with inadequate resources. PMID- 7363001 TI - Patient first. PMID- 7363002 TI - The practice nurse. PMID- 7363003 TI - Where have all the nurses gone? PMID- 7363004 TI - Domiciliary visits by consultants. PMID- 7363006 TI - Inner city GPs. PMID- 7363005 TI - A4 records. PMID- 7363007 TI - Unemployed doctors. PMID- 7363008 TI - Between central control and local responsiveness: striking the balance. PMID- 7363009 TI - When industrial relations break down. PMID- 7363010 TI - Closing the gap between GPs and hospitals. PMID- 7363011 TI - London's medicine. PMID- 7363012 TI - Polypharmacy in rheumatic diseases. PMID- 7363013 TI - Primary aldosteronism. PMID- 7363014 TI - Treating fungal infections. PMID- 7363015 TI - Drug lag bad: drug lack worse. PMID- 7363016 TI - Relation between extent of coronary artery disease and blood viscosity. AB - Blood viscosity (shear rate 100/s) and its major determinants (packed cell volume, plasma fibrinogen concentration, and plasma viscosity) were measured before coronary angiography in 50 men aged 30-55 and related to the extent of coronary artery disease. Twenty-six men had extensive disease (stenosis of two or three major coronary vessels), and 24 had either stenosis of one vessel or no stenosis. The 26 men with extensive disease had significantly higher mean blood viscosity than those with mild or no disease and 25 healthy controls (p less than 0.001). The increased viscosity was due partly to a higher packed cell volume and partly to a higher fibrinogen concentration; plasma viscosity was not significantly increased. These differences could not be explained by smoking history. These results suggest an association between increased blood viscosity and extensive coronary artery disease in men, which merits further investigation. PMID- 7363017 TI - Population screening for congenital hypothyroidism. AB - A pilot screening programme for congenital hypothyroidism covering most of North London, Essex, Bedfordshire, and Hertfordshire entailed carrying out an assay of thyroid-stimulating hormone on single Guthrie dried blood spots. During one year 87 444 babies were screened and 26 cases of primary congenital hypothyroidism detected, giving an incidence of 1:3363. Only two cases (7.7%) had already been diagnosed on clinical grounds before the results of screening became available. In two other babies the diagnosis was delayed. The programme thus resulted in the early treatment of 22 babies, eight of whom already had pronounced features of hypothyroidism that had not been detected on routine clinical examinations. Although definitive evidence will not be available for some years, the results suggest that the prognosis for most of these babies is likely to be improved by early diagnosis; thus the introduction of national screening should be delayed no longer. PMID- 7363019 TI - Critical evaluation of 24-hour urinary oestriol estimation in clinical practice. PMID- 7363018 TI - Transbronchial lung biopsy through fibreoptic bronchoscope in diagnosis of sarcoidosis. AB - Sarcoidosis was ultimately diagnosed in a consecutive series of 79 patients, of whom 24 presented with unusual features. Histological support for this diagnosis was obtained in 37 out of 42 patients who underwent transbronchial biopsy; epithelioid and giant-cell granulomas were also found on biopsy of the bronchial mucosa in 17 out of 22 patients. Kveim tests were completed in 44 patients: results were positive in 19, equivocal in 11, and negative in 14. In 16 patients histological support was obtained on biopsy of various other tissues. The clinical presentation of the disease and the degree of histological support provided by the various procedures used in reaching a diagnosis of sarcoidosis varied considerably. Transbronchial biopsy of the lung is a useful advance in diagnosing sarcoidosis and provided a higher diagnostic yield than any other method. PMID- 7363020 TI - Mazindol-induced lithium toxicity. PMID- 7363021 TI - Intravenous methylprednisolone in minimal change nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7363022 TI - Oral contraceptives and pituitary adenomas. PMID- 7363023 TI - Asthma mortality in Birmingham 1975-7: 53 deaths. AB - Out of 83 patients studied 72 were certified as dying from asthma, and 11 aged under 45 as dying from chronic bronchitis and pneumonia. Fifty-three deaths were thought to be due to asthma. There were avoidable factors associated with several of these deaths from asthma. Recent discharge from hospital (16%), non availability of aerosol bronchodilators (45%), underuse of corticosteroids (66%), and lack of objective measurements of airflow obstruction (100%) were found in deaths outside hospital. Inadequate initial assessment including baseline spirometry and blood gases (50%), significant underusage of corticosteroids (93%) and intravenous and nebulised bronchodilators (100%), and failure to monitor treatment objectively (100%) were found in deaths in hospital. "False-positive" and "false-negative" certifications of asthma were studied, and the findings suggest that these may lead to appreciable inaccuracy in the reporting of deaths from asthma. PMID- 7363024 TI - The Flowers report: a personal view. PMID- 7363025 TI - Procedures in practice. Pleural aspiration and biopsy. PMID- 7363026 TI - Are telephones an infection hazard? PMID- 7363027 TI - Advances on the flu front. PMID- 7363028 TI - Quality not quantity in babies. PMID- 7363029 TI - Quality not quantity in babies. PMID- 7363030 TI - Aggressive patients--what is the answer? PMID- 7363032 TI - Pregnancy order and reproductive loss. PMID- 7363031 TI - Pregnancy order and reproductive loss. PMID- 7363033 TI - Pregnancy order and reproductive loss. PMID- 7363034 TI - Pregnancy order and reproductive loss. PMID- 7363035 TI - Imaging gall-bladder emptying. PMID- 7363036 TI - Inner city general practice. PMID- 7363037 TI - Rehabilitation. PMID- 7363038 TI - Inner city general practice. PMID- 7363039 TI - Hospital career structure. PMID- 7363040 TI - Community health councils: to be or not to be. PMID- 7363041 TI - Community health councils. PMID- 7363042 TI - Outbreak of infection in a urological ward. PMID- 7363044 TI - Doctors and compulsory procedures: Section 47 of the National Assistance Act 1948. PMID- 7363043 TI - Consultant work load and manpower planning in anaesthetics. PMID- 7363045 TI - Animal health today--problems of large livestock units. Large livestock units and notifiable disease. PMID- 7363046 TI - Veterinary problems in a colony of rabbits used to feed tsetse flies. PMID- 7363047 TI - Observations on the effect of extracts of bovine placenta on the growth of salmonella in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7363048 TI - Induced hypocalcaemia in cows and sheep. II. Changes in plasma potassium levels. PMID- 7363049 TI - Induced hypocalcaemia in cows and sheep. III. Changes in plasma magnesium levels. PMID- 7363050 TI - Susceptibility of West African dwarf sheep to the indigenous Wesselsbron virus. PMID- 7363051 TI - The effect of neostigmine on the duration of action of suxamethonium in the dog. PMID- 7363052 TI - The motor nuclei of the vagus nerve in cats with and without congenital achalasia of the oesophagus. PMID- 7363053 TI - Evaluation of oxfendazole against natural infections of gastrointestinal nematodes and cestodes in Egyptian camels. PMID- 7363054 TI - 22, 23--dihydroavermectin B1, a new broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent. PMID- 7363055 TI - Joint position sense: the effects of muscle contraction. AB - The effects of isometric and isotonic force production on perceived static joint position were investigated in 12 adult subjects. The joint examined was the proximal interphalangeal joint of one index finger, and its perceived position was determined from matching movements of the equivalent joint on the other hand. When the perturbed joint was free to move, even when supporting substantial loads, the position was accurately estimated; however, when the subject was required to exert substantial isometric force against the device imposing the joint movement, significant errors occurred: these errors were in the direction of the increasing force. Similar effects were evident during increasing isometric flexion force in anaesthetized fingers. It is suggested that force-related afferent discharge from muscle, presumably originating in tendon organ receptors, contributes to static joint position sense. This force-feedback may allow the nervous system to accommodate for the effects of changing fusimotor bias, but it also appears to induce errors when afferent information of force and length provide potentially conflicting information. PMID- 7363057 TI - Variability of visual threshold in multiple sclerosis: effect of background luminance on frequency of seeing. AB - Visual thresholds were measured at four different background luminance levels in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in control subjects by means of frequency-of-seeing curves. Results were examined by probit analysis and measures of threshold and threshold variability were obtained. Comparison of patient and control groups showed that the patient's threshold was significantly raised only at the highest background luminance level, but that threshold variability was greater at all three non-zero background luminance levels tested. In addition, threshold variability increased with background luminance in the MS patients but not in the control subjects. Possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed, and it is suggested that this luminance-dependent variability in visual threshold shown by patients with multiple sclerosis may be due to intermittent conduction block or ephaptic transmission occurring within the demyelinated visual pathway. PMID- 7363056 TI - Disordered inhibition in internuclear ophthalmoplegia: analysis of eye movement recordings with computer simulations. AB - High resolution infra-red oculographic recordings were obtained in 19 patients with clinically evident internuclear ophthalmoplegia. The major findings were attenuated phasic and tonic components of adducting saccades, fractionated phasic components of abducting saccades, equally long durations for phasic components of adducting and abducting saccades with refixation, and nasal drift of the abducting eye which initiated abducting nystagmus. Ipsilateral gaze paresis and abduction lag were occasionally associated with primarily unilateral cases of internuclear ophthalmoplegia. These findings were interpreted using available anatomical, electromyographic and oculographic data as well as computer simulations of internuclear ophthalmoplegia. We concluded that deficient excitation of the ipsilateral medial rectus was due to interruption of burst tonic neurons within the medial longitudinal fasciculus which mediate horizontal eye movements. This resulted in a decreased pulse height and step of the agonist neural controller signal. We were also able to determine that variably slowed fractionated abducting saccades were caused by deficient intrasaccadic inhibition of the antagonist medial rectus. When medial rectus excitation was more deficient than medial rectus inhibition of the opposite eye, then a typical internuclear ophthalmoplegia resulted; when the amount of medial rectus excitation was equal to the amount of medial rectus inhibition of the opposite eye, then a gaze paresis occurred; and when medial rectus excitation was less deficiennt than medial rectus inhibition of the opposite eye, abduction lag resulted in the oculographic appearance of internuclear ophthalmoplegia of abduction. Abducting nystagmus appeared to be initiated by a tendency for the abducted eye to drift nasally from the increased level of tonic inhibition of the antagonist medial rectus. Some oculographic patterns were attributed to higher level adaptive changes in innervation. These changes were a consequence of disordered excitatory and inhibitory controller signals at the lower, internuclear level. Possible anatomical pathways which might carry these inhibitory controller signals were discussed. High resolution eye movement recordings of patients with internuclear ophthalmoplegia were interpreted directly and by computer simulations as being most consistent with disordered inhibitory and excitatory control of the medial rectus motor pool during rapid eye movements and eccentric gaze. PMID- 7363058 TI - Chronic migrainous neuralgia: a variant of cluster headache. AB - A series of 101 patients suffering from cluster headache is examined in this paper. Ninety-five of these patients suffered from the periodic form of the disorder and in clinical symptomatology differed little from the many previous reports in the literature. As in other series, the condition was seldom diagnosed when the patient presented to the clinic. Six patients had a different pattern. In these there was no brief cluster, but rather a continuous period of once- or twice-daily attacks of migrainous neuralgia without apparent spontaneous remission. Both primary and secondary types of chronic migrainous neuralgia are recognized: in the latter instance attacks which were at first periodic later changed to the continuous or chronic form. In these patients the attacks were less responsive to ergotamine and methysergide than are patients with the periodic cluster headache, although individually useful periods of control of symptoms were obtained with these drugs. The use of lithium in three patients provided continuous control when the drug was used in low dosage, and no side effects were observed. PMID- 7363059 TI - Neuropsychological functions in the follow-up of transient global amnesia. AB - Sixteen patients, who had suffered only one episode of transient global amnesia and showed no clinically evident abnormalities in their follow-up, were examined with psychometric and memory tests. Deficits in verbal long-term memory and in verbal IQ were found. These observations seem to demonstrate that in transient global amnesia patients regarded as being 'normal' in their follow-up there is no complete recovery and the sequelae seem to conform to a definite pattern. Problems of nosology and localization are discussed. PMID- 7363060 TI - Vision in the temporal crescent in occipital infarction. AB - Four patients with hemianopias due to occipital infarction are described. In each of these patients there was useful residual vision in the unpaired temporal crescent. Moving stimuli were particularly well perceived in this part of the field. Preservation of the temporal crescent results in strikingly incongruous fields. The significance of this part of the visual field is discussed in relation to perception of movement and to the fixation reflex, and also with regard to recent reports of residual visual ability in patients with striate cortex lesions, and to the possible role of the monocular temporal field in striate and tectal visual systems. PMID- 7363061 TI - Production deficits in aphasia: a voice-onset time analysis. PMID- 7363062 TI - Hemispheric asymmetries in a letter classification task with different typefaces. PMID- 7363063 TI - Auditory temporal perception, phonics, and reading disabilities in children. PMID- 7363064 TI - Speech fluency in aphasics. PMID- 7363065 TI - Recognition and discrimination of emotional faces and pictures. PMID- 7363066 TI - Unilateral agraphia after section of the posterior half of the truncus of the corpus callosum. PMID- 7363067 TI - Contribution of the speech musculature to apparent human EEG asymmetries prior to vocalization. PMID- 7363068 TI - A comparison of dichotic and visuo-acoustic competition in hemispherectomized patients. PMID- 7363069 TI - Cerebral organization in bilinguals. I. Lateralization. PMID- 7363070 TI - Cerebral excitation profiles in language processing: the photic probe paradigm. PMID- 7363071 TI - Cerebral asymmetry for speech in neonates: a behavioral measure. PMID- 7363072 TI - A dynamic phonological model derived from the intonational analysis of a jargon aphasic patient. PMID- 7363074 TI - The effect of set size on hemifield asymmetries in letter recognition. PMID- 7363073 TI - The nature of the task-stimulus interaction in the tachistoscopic recognition of kana and kanji words. PMID- 7363075 TI - Limb apraxia and motor performance. PMID- 7363076 TI - Auditory phonemic perception in dyslexia: categorical identification and discrimination of stop consonants. PMID- 7363077 TI - A study of alpha hemispheric asymmetries for verbal and nonverbal stimuli in males and females. PMID- 7363078 TI - Auditory processing of brain-damaged adults under competitive listening conditions. PMID- 7363079 TI - The phoneme and the engram: electrophysiological evidence for the acoustic invariant in stop consonants. PMID- 7363080 TI - Synapse formation after injury in the adult rat brain: preferential reinnervation of denervated fimbrial sites by axons of the contralateral fimbria. AB - The dorsolateral quadrant of the lateral septal nucleus receives projections from both the ipsilateral and the contralateral fimbria. In the adult rat the effect of fimbrial lesions on synapse formation has been studied by a quantitative electron microscopic analysis of the various types of synapses present, using electron-dense degeneration to identify fimbrial fibre terminals. In this area, the fimbrial axons from both sides together account for about 30% of the total number of synapses and they terminate mainly on dendritic spines. The ipsilateral fimbria forms twice as many synapses as the contralateral fimbria. When one fimbria is cut and time left for the degeneration to be removed, the numbers of synapses are restored to normal levels and the remaining fimbria acquires, on both sides of the septum, a number of synapses equal to the sum of the two individual fimbria, This suggests that the axons of the surviving fimbria have completely reinnervated the denervated postsynaptic sites formerly occupied by the cut fimbria of the other side, effectively excluding non-fimbrial axon terminals, even though the latter constitute the majority (70%) of the synaptic terminals in the region. When both fimbria are cut the numbers of synapses are once again restored to normal levels. However, since there are now no fimbrial axons left, the denervated fimbrial postsynaptic sites must this time have been reinnervated by non-fimbrial axons. Reinnervation by non-fimbrial axons is numerically equally effective in reclaiming the denervated sites, although when compared to the reinnervation by fimbrial axons, the removal of degenerating terminals is somewhat slower, and among the reinnervating terminals there is a much higher incidence of axon terminals making more than one synaptic contact in the plane of section. Thus, fimbrial axons, when present, have the ability to exclude the reinnervation of denervated fimbrial sites by non-fimbrial axons, despite the fact that the latter are both more numerous and also clearly capable of reinnervating those sites when no fimbrial axons are present. Two possible mechanisms are discussed: a spatial preference based on the geometrical arrangements in the neuropil, and a temporal preference based on the relative rates of response of the fimbrial vs the non-fimbrial axons. PMID- 7363081 TI - The coeruleospinal noradrenergic neurons: anatomical and electrophysiological studies in the rat. AB - The neuranatomical location and pharmacological sensitivity of coeruleospinal neurons were studied with a combination of retrograde tracing experiments and single unit recording. Coeruleospinal neurons were multipolar, medium-sized cells and were found in the ventral division of the locus coeruleus and in the locus subcoeruleus. In the locus coeruleus proper, they presumably corresponded to the large cells of the ventral division defined in previous Golgi studies. Coeruleospinal cells were identified by antidromic stimulation from the cervical spinal cord. Their firing rate was slow and regular, their conduction velocity characteristic of unmyelinated fibers (0.65 m/sec). The method of antidromic stimulation also revealed that coeruleospinal neurones possess an anteriorly directed collateral traveling in the midbrain reticular formation outside the main noradrenergic dorsal bundle. These neurones were strongly inhibited by the iontophoretic application of morphine, noradrenaline, clonidine, GABA and excited by ACh. Although the coeruleo- and subcoeruleospinal neurones are clearly a group of cells distinct from the coeruleocortical projection, their electrophysiological and pharmacological properties are essentially identical. PMID- 7363082 TI - Isolation of ganglion cells from the retina. PMID- 7363084 TI - Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma: effects of alpha adrenergic agents. AB - Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and norepinephrine are both localized in noradrenergic storage vesicles. When noradrenergic nerves fire, both norepinephrine and DBH are released by exocytosis. DBH released from the peripheral nervous system and the adrenal medullae is found in blood, while DBH in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is presumably of central origin. This study was designed to: (1) investigate the effect of drugs which alter central noradrenergic activity on DBH activity in CSF; and (2) compare the effects of these drugs on DBH in CSF and plasma in cats. Phenoxybenzamine was given subcutaneously at 6 mg/kg and DBH was measured 8 h later. This treatment significantly increased DBH activity in CSF (n = 10,P less than 0.005). There were no consistent changes in plasma DBH, although there was a tendency for DBH to increase from low basal levels and to decrease from high basal levels. Clonidine was administered in 4 subcutaneous injections (100, 50, 50, 50 microgram/kg) over a 19-h period, and blood and CSF were taken 5 h after the last injection. This treatment caused a significant decrease in CSF DBH activity (P less than 0.05, n = 8). The effect of clonidine on plasma DBH was strongly dependent on the basal enzyme level. The 3 lowest DBH values increased and the 5 highest DBH values decreased on drug treatment. These results are discussed with respect to the theory that changes in CSF DBH may reflect central noradrenergic activity. PMID- 7363083 TI - Hippocampal cytosol binding capacity of corticosterone: no depletion with nuclear loading. AB - The recurrence every 24 h of glucocorticoid elevation led us to investigate the temporal relationship between glucocorticoid receptor occupation in brain cell nuclei and the availability of cytosol sites. Adrenalectomized rats were injected i.v. with [3H]corticosterone in doses ranging from 15 to 106 nmol/kg. Peak nuclear binding occurred 1-2 h after [3H]corticosterone injection and was preceded by a peak of cytosol receptor labeling at 15-30 min. Yet 1 h after 55 or 105 nmol/kg [3H]corticosterone, no depletion in the total in vitro binding capacity of the cytosol could be detected even though estimated depletion should have been approximately 30% had it occurred. Injection of 80 nmol/kg of corticosterone per rat plus 40 nmol/kg dexamethasone also failed to reduce total cytosol binding capacity, even though estimated depletion should have been approximately 40%. No change in binding affinity of cytosol sites was observed in the injected animals compared to uninjected controls. The in vivo nuclear binding capacity of hippocampus for [3H]corticosterone (fmol/hippocampus) is about 40% of the cytosol binding capacity measured in vitro. Moreover, no more than 40% of total cytosol sites are occupied in vivo as a result of [3H]corticosterone injections which occupy nuclear sites to 80% of estimated capacity. Yet, even with the larger in vitro cytosol binding capacity, a depletion approaching 40% of cytosol binding sites would have been seen, had it occurred as a result of nuclear translocation. The apparent lack of depletion of cytosol receptors is supported by experiments which showed that two injections of [3H]corticosterone 2 h apart fail to fatigue the nuclear uptake mechanism. The present results suggest (1) that in the hippocampus an excess of extranuclear glucocorticoid binding proteins exists, and (2) that the availability of functional cytosol receptors may be regulated to maintain a relatively constant cellular level. PMID- 7363085 TI - Effect of discrete kainic acid-induced lesions of corpus caudatus and globus pallidus on glutamic acid decarboxylase of rat substantia nigra. AB - Locally applied kainic acid was used in order to destroy pallidal perikarya without damaging axons en passage, in an effort to clarify the role of the globus pallidus as a source of nigral GABAergic terminals. Rats were microinjected unilaterally with kainic acid in the globus pallidus, head, body and tail of the caudate and were sacrificed 7 days later. The forebrain of each rat was examined histologically in order to establish the extent of the lesion and nigral glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was assayed as a marker of GABAergic terminals. Kainic acid produced in the globus pallidus loss of neuronal perikarya and reactive gliosis. Large multipolar neurons of the globus pallidus were characteristically absent on the lesioned-side. Lesions of the pallidum resulted in a non-significant (5.5%) reduction of nigral GAD. Kainate lesions restricted to the head of the caudate resulted in a significant (19%) drop of nigral GAD, while lesions of the caudate body provided the largest reductions of nigral GAD (53%). Lesions of the caudate tail were without effect. The results indicate that nigral GAD arises mostly from the body and, in part, also from the head of the caudate but not from the globus pallidus or from the tail of the caudate. PMID- 7363086 TI - Interaction of diphenylhydantoin and benzodiazepines in the CNS. AB - Using extracellular unit recording and microiontophoretic techniques, the anticonvulsant diphenylhydantoin (DPH) was found to increase the physiological efficacy of the benzodiazepines. This increased biological effect could be correlated with an enhanced specific binding of benzodiazepines measured in vivo following pretreatment of rats with DPH. The increased binding of benzodiazepines is due to an increase in the total number of benzodiazepine binding sites without an alteration in the affinity of these sites for [3H]diazepam. The data show that the effects of DPH on benzodiazepine binding are qualitatively different and independent from the effects of gamma-amino-butyric acid. Based on the dose responsive relationship between benzodiazepine binding effects and the anticonvulsant activity of DPH and reports of other convulsant, anticonvulsant compounds which alter benzodiazepine binding, it is suggested that the benzodiazepine binding site may be relevant to convulsant-anticonvulsant activity. PMID- 7363087 TI - Extrageniculate thalamic projections to the primary visual cortex. PMID- 7363088 TI - Neocortical transplants in the cerebellum of the rat: their afferents and efferents. PMID- 7363089 TI - Coverage by axosomatic boutons varies directly with the diameter of the postsynaptic motor neuron in the trigeminal nucleus of the rat. PMID- 7363090 TI - Input synapses on to a locust sensory neurone revealed by cobalt-electron microscopy. PMID- 7363091 TI - Neuronal activity specific to paradoxical sleep in the ventromedial medullary reticular formation of unresdrained cats. PMID- 7363092 TI - Evidence of two different mechanisms involved in the generation of presynaptic depolarization of afferent and rubrospinal fibers in the cat spinal cord. PMID- 7363093 TI - Adrenergic blocking agents modify the auditory-evoked response in the rat. PMID- 7363094 TI - Facilitation of amygdala kindling in the rat by transecting ascending noradrenergic pathways. PMID- 7363095 TI - GABA antagonism lowers self-stimulation thresholds in the ventral tegmental area. PMID- 7363096 TI - The muscarinic stimulation of phospholipid labeling in hippocampus is independent of its cholinergic input. PMID- 7363097 TI - Generation of theta rhythm in medial entorhinal cortex of freely moving rats. AB - A regular slow wave theta rhythm can be recorded in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) of freely moving rats during voluntary behaviors and paradoxical sleep. Electrode penetrations normal to the cortical layers proceeding from the deeper to the more superficial layers reveal a continuous theta rhythm in layers IV-III (deep MEC theta rhythm) with an amplitude maximum in layer III, a null between the outer one-third of layer III and the inner one-half of layer I, and a continuous phase-reversed theta rhythm in layers II-I (superficial MEC theta rhythm) with an amplitude maximum there. Deep MEC theta rhythm is similar in phase and wave shape to CA1 theta rhythm; superficial MEC theta rhythm is similar in phase to DG theta rhythm. Laminar profiles throughout MEC show that the theta rhythm is generated there; it is not volume conducted from hippocampus. PMID- 7363098 TI - Investigations on myelination in vitro: biochemical and morphological changes in cultures of dissociated brain cells from embryonic mice. AB - The incorporation of 35SO4(2-) and [3H]galactose into myelin-associated lipids, the activity of enzymes catalyzing the synthesis of these lipids, and the activity of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase were determined in primary cultures of dissociated cells from brains of 15-day embryonic mice. These biochemical parameters of myelination were barely detectable before about 10 days in culture, but their activity increased in parallel after this time and reached a maximum at about 40 days in culture. The activities of the selected enzymes in homogenates of the cultured cells at their optimum age were of the same order of magnitude as the same enzymes derived from fresh brain. Scanning electron microscopic studies showed that the cells after adhering to the surface by the 4th day form aggregates and extensive membranes; the aggregates increase in size and coalesce to form nests of cells by the 15th day; the surface of the aggregates becomes smoother until by the 43rd day the entire surface is covered by and cells are buried in a membrane-like substance. These biochemical measurements and morphological data suggest that the cultures of dissociated cells from brain of 15 day embryonic mice provide a useful system for studying myelination and its regulation in vitro. PMID- 7363099 TI - Synapse formation after injury in the adult rat brain: failure of fimbrial axons to reinnervate the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. AB - Selectivity in the reinnervation of denervated postsynaptic sites in the adult rat septal nuclei has been studied by both light and electron microscopic degeneration techniques after lesions of the fimbria and stria terminalis. In the mid-rostrocaudal septum the ventral border of the lateral septal nucleus is coextensive with the dorsal border of the strial bed nucleus. In the normal rat, fimbrial axons establish synapses throughout the lateral septal nucleus of the same side, and also in the dorsal part of the lateral septal nucleus on the opposite side. The stria terminalis establishes synapses in the ipsilateral but not in the contralateral bed nucleus at this level. Both the fimbria and the stria terminalis were completely severed on the left side, and after adequate survival for the removal of all degeneration, the distribution of the remaining fimbria was plotted. Interesting changes were found on the side contralateral to the second lesion, where the fimbria both increases the number of its synaptic terminals within its proper contralateral territory (the dorsal part of the lateral septal nucleus) and also extends its distribution into the ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus--the territory normally reserved for the ipsilateral fimbria. Although completely surrounding the strial bed nucleus, fimbrial axons fail to invade the bed nucleus, and fimbrial terminals are therefore unable to reinnervate denervated strial postsynaptic sites. Since there are no obvious structural barriers between the neuropil of the lateral septal nucleus and that of the strial bed nucleus it is suggested that this failure is most likely to be due either to some biochemical incompatibility between fimbrial axons and strial postsynaptic sites, or to the fact that the fimbrial axons are denied access because some other (unidentified) axonal system forms new presynaptic terminals which effectively pre-empt the sites in the strial bed nucleus. PMID- 7363101 TI - Reversible colchicine-induced disruption of amygdaloid function in sodium appetite. AB - Bilateral injections of the antimitotic drug colchicine into the medial amygdaloid nuclei resulted in a dissociation of the normally concurrent sodium appetite and water thirst in rats following formalin-induced hypovolemia and hyponatremia. While control rats drank the normally aversive sodium solution as well as water after formalin injection, colchicine-treated animals failed to ingest the sodium solution but did consume the expected amount of water in order to compensate for hypovolemia. Sodium consumption, but not water consumption, remained significantly depressed in the colchicine-treated rats when they were challenged again with formalin 11 days but not 20 days after amygdaloid injections. The latter result suggested complete recovery from the colchicine induced amygdaloid dysfunction. This study indicates that colchicine may serve as a potentially useful technique for producing reversible lesions of known duration for the assessment of brain-behavior relationships. PMID- 7363100 TI - Thyroid hormone state and the incorporation of (14C) leucine by brain microsomes in developing rats. AB - Cell-free incorporation of (14C) leucine into protein was 38% greater for cerebral cortical microsomes from 22-day old neonatally thyroidectomized rats compared to littermate controls. In contrast, incorporation by liver microsomes of hypothyroid rats was 33% lower compared to controls, confirming their deficient hormonal state. Incubation of cerebral microsomes from either hypothyroid or euthyroid rats with both homologous and heterologous pH 5 enzyme fractions clearly implicated the pH 5 fraction as the source of the apparent increase in protein synthetic capacity in the hypothyroid brain. Daily administration of L-thyroxine (20 microgram/100 g body wt) to hypothyroid animals between 22 and 25 days of age produced an additional increase in (14C) leucine incorporation into protein by cerebral microsomes, whereas the cell-free protein synthesis rate of euthyroid rats was unaffected by similar hormonal treatment. Liver preparations from both hypothyroid and euthyroid rats exhibited the expected increase in cell-free protein synthesis following thyroxine administration. The results support the hypothesis that the young hypothyroid brain exhibits delayed maturation and that thyroid hormones play a regulatory role in cerebral protein synthesis during a defined developmental period. PMID- 7363102 TI - Response of cells in feline nucleus centrum medianum to tooth pulp stimulation. AB - Nucleus centrum medianum (CM) has been implicated in the processing of nociceptive information based on behavioral, physiological and clinical data. Although the responses of neurons in CM have been extensively studied using spinal stimuli, few data are available concerning their responses to trigeminal stimuli. This investigation was designed to determine the responses of cells in CM to tooth pulp stimulation, which has been demonstrated to be an effective and relatively specific trigeminal nociceptive stimulus. Responses were recorded from 378 neurons in 38 pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. Most cells responded at a latency of 5 to 40 msec with one to six spikes for each stimulus. Cells in the dorsal portion of CM tended to respond only to maxillary teeth, while cells in the ventral portion of the nucleus tended to respond only to mandibular teeth. Cells in the central portion of CM generally responded to both maxillary and mandibular teeth. Cells in CM generally responded to both ipsilateral and contralateral teeth, without a preference for one side. These data differ from those reported using spinal stimulation, since a topographic organization has not been identified with spinal stimulation. PMID- 7363103 TI - Antipyresis: its effect on mortality rate of bacterially infected rabbits. AB - The effect of an antipyretic drug administered directly into the preoptic anterior hypothalamus was measured in order to investigate the role of fever on mortality of bacterially infected mammals. New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were injected intravenously with Pasteurella multocida and either sodium salicylate or a control solution was infused directly into the preoptic anterior hypothalamus. Both groups developed fevers, but the fever of the rabbits infused with the antipyretic was reduced by 50% during the initial stage of infection. Hypothalamic sodium salicylate infusions produced a lower average fever than control infusions over an initial 5 hour period of infection, reducing average 5 hour fevers from 1.56 degrees C to 0.72 degrees C. All of the infected rabbits infused with sodium salicylate died whereas only 29% of the infected control rabbits died. Rabbits receiving sodium salicylate alone did not die. The increased mortality could possibly be the result of a fulminating infection caused by rapidly multiplying bacteria during the initial, attenuated phase of the febrile course in the salicylate-treated rabbits. PMID- 7363104 TI - Design for a rat spinal investigation unit and a procedure for laminectomy in the rat. AB - The spinal cord of the laboratory rat is suitable for a variety of physiological and pharmacological studies. Specifications are given for a frame which holds anesthetized or decerebrate rats so that recordings of the electrical activity of single neurons in the rat spinal cord can be made. The frame is also used to support the animal while the laminectomy is performed. PMID- 7363105 TI - Paradoxical sleep and memory (I): Selective alterations following enriched and impoverished environmental rearing. AB - Mice were reared in either enriched (EE), social control, (SE), or impoverished (IE) environments for 30 days. Environmental enrichment results in a significant and selective increase in paradoxical sleep (PS, or REM sleep) and also enhances recall of a multiple-trial, brightness discrimination task 28 days after training. Conversely, impoverished (IE) reared mice exhibit a decrease in PS and impaired task performance relative to socially housed (SE) controls. These results support the hypothesis that PS plays an integral role in the maintenance and stability of long-term memory. PMID- 7363106 TI - Improved technique for recording single unit activity in awake animals. AB - An improved system for recording the electrical activity of single neurons in the brain of awake, unanesthetized and unrestrained animals is described, including complete details of construction and use. The advantages of this new technique over earlier methods are discussed. PMID- 7363107 TI - Wire-wrapped, dual-in-line chronic electrode connector system. AB - A connector system is described, which consists of a modified integrated circuit used as a terminal for chronic electrodes within the brain of animals, allowing easy connection to the awake subject without soldering. PMID- 7363108 TI - [Social orientation of contemporary obstetrics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363109 TI - [Diabetes mellitus in the mother and respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363111 TI - [Trend of perinatal mortality at the I. Gynecologic-Obstetric Clinic of the Medical School at Komenska University in Bratislava during 1971-1978]. PMID- 7363110 TI - [Foetal hypotrophy as a factor involved in perinatal mortality (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363112 TI - [Can oxytocin cause hyperbilirubinaemia in the newborn? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363113 TI - [Incidence of clinically manifest infection of the uropoetic system and its relation to the prognosis of mother and foetus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363114 TI - [Comparison of the diagnostic value of estriol determination in urine and amniotic fluid in the third trimester of risk pregnancies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363115 TI - [Changes in cholinesterase activity in placental homogenates in pre-term deliveries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363117 TI - [Survey of the number of deliveries and obstetrical operations at the 2nd Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Bratislava over the years 1955--1978 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363116 TI - [Topical problems of surgical management of carcinoma of the cervix uteri (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363118 TI - [Risk period in the second half of pregnancy based on analysis of processes occurring in the mother, fetus, and placenta (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363119 TI - [Principles of screening and follow-up and of a new classification of pregnant women with cardioangiopathies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363120 TI - [Concerning electroconization of the portio vaginalis cervicis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363121 TI - [Contribution to the etiology and prevention of missed abortion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363122 TI - [Present possiblilities in treating parasitic diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363123 TI - [Study of some bioelectric changes in vasomotor headache (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363124 TI - [Influencing the activity of antibodies and serum inhibitors by phagocyte lysates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363125 TI - [Multidimensional relationships of some intraerythrocytic and plasmatic biochemical parameters in healthy and anemic subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363126 TI - [Population-genetical characteristics of congenital glaucoma in Slovakia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363127 TI - [Variations of endometrial changes in anovulatory menstrual cycle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363128 TI - [Stereologic picture of the developing liver in stillborn human fetuses in the terminal stage of gestation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363131 TI - [Analysis of cardiac catheterization in children with congenital heart defects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363130 TI - [Labor injury of the cervix uteri and occurrence of increased temperatures in the postpartum period (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363132 TI - [Incidence rate of eclampsia in contemporary obstetrics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363129 TI - [Systolic and diastolic time intervals and mean toxic doses of ethanol]. PMID- 7363133 TI - [Unusual complication at cannulation of the subclavian vein (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363134 TI - [Mycobacterium xenopi as causative agent of pulmonary bacteriosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363135 TI - [Cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system and their medical-immunologic significance]. PMID- 7363137 TI - Role of phospholipids in calcium accumulation in brain mitochondria from adult rat after ischemic anoxia and hypoxic hypoxia. PMID- 7363136 TI - Changes in the level of corticosteroids in blood plasma of laboratory mice in relation to population size, isolation and age of animals. PMID- 7363138 TI - Effects of adenine nucleotides, biogenic amines and oleic acid on synthesis of choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids in neuronal and glial cells from adult rabbit brain. PMID- 7363139 TI - An evaluation of the jet injector (Sanders) technique for bronchoscopy in paediatric patients. PMID- 7363140 TI - The sympathetic response to profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest in infants. AB - It has been suggested that the increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias recognized below 30 degrees C might be catecholamine mediated. Elevate catecholamine concentrations have been reported in experimentally induced hypothermia in animals. Plasma concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine were measured during profound hypothermia and total circulatory arrest in infants under one year of age undergoing surgical correction of congenital cardiac defects. There was no significant change in either epinephrine or norepinephrine levels during surface cooling to 28 degrees C. Circulatory arrest and exsanguination at 18 degrees C were not associated with a rise in catecholamine levels. However, there was a striking rise in the levels of both epinephrine and norepinephrine with the recommencement of bypass and rewarming. The mean plasma norepinephrine concentration rose from 466 pg/ml (SE +/- 81) at circulatory arrest to 4543 pg/ml (SE +/- 2058) on rewarming bypass (p less than 0.02), while the mean plasma epinephrine concentration rose from 218 pg/ml (SE +/- 54) at circulatory arrest to 3724 pg/ml (SE +/- 1064) on rewarming bypass (p less than 0.02). The plasma catecholamine concentrations fell once cardiopulmonary bypass was discontinued, when the infant's temperature was 37 degrees C. It would, therefore, appear unlikely that the ventricular irritability recognized below 30 degrees C is due to catecholamine excess. The accumulation of catecholamines and/or metabolic products in the infants during circulatory arrest with their subsequent release into the circulation during rewarming may account for the elevation of catecholamine levels during rewarming bypass. PMID- 7363141 TI - Effect of priming volume on serum catecholamines during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Several theories have been proposed to explain the transient hypotension which occurs upon the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass. The present study investigated the possibility that addition of the lactated Ringer's solution pump priming volume to the circulation causes dilution of circulating catecholamines leading to the hypotension. Circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were measured during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients anaesthetized with halothane. The results demonstrate dilution of circulating catecholamines at the start of bypass in conjunction with the observed hypotension. During the bypass period, mean blood pressure graudally recovered to normotensive levels even though circulating catecholamine levels remained significantly lowered, indicating a mechanism for the recovery of blood press which is not sympathoadrenal. The results obtained from this study demonstrate a temporal relationship between catecholamine dilution by the pump priming volume and the observed hypotension. Whether catecholamine dilution is the sole factor causing the hypotension remains to be determined. PMID- 7363142 TI - An early clinical assessment of the steroid anaesthetic Minaxolone. AB - Minaxolone, a new water-soluble steroid anaesthetic, was studied in combination with nitrous oxide in 30 healthy female patients. The objective of the study was to assess induction dosage, clinical efficacy, recovery characteristics, and frequency of side effects. It proved to be an effective anaesthetic causing only minimal cardiovascular and respiratory depression. Those side effects which occurred during operation were felt to be due in part to light anaesthesia and lack of analgeia. Excitatory movements and hypertonus occurred in seven patients during operation and in ten patients in the early recovery phase. Late recovery was impressive, both in quality and lack of side effects, and all patients were considered fit for discharge from hospital within four hours of the operation. Minaxolone appears to be a promising new anaesthetic worthy of further study. PMID- 7363144 TI - Postoperative sore throat: influence of tracheal tube lubrication versus cuff design. PMID- 7363143 TI - Effects of prostaglandins and indomethacin on neuromuscular blocking agents. AB - The effects on neuromuscular blockade by d-tubocurarine and succinylcholine of inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by indomethacin and of intra-arterial administration of prostoglandins E2 and F2 alpha, before and after inhibition of prostoglandin biosynthesis, were evaluated in the cat sciatic-tibialis preparation. Non-specific inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by indomethacin 3 mg . kg-1 did not alter latency, maximal blockade or duration of neuromuscular blockade induced by d-tubocurarine or succinylcholine. Prostaglandin E2 antagonized twitch height depression by d-tubocurarine by an average of six per cent before and by 15% after indomethacin, but potentiated the neuromuscular block of succinylcholine by an average of five per cent before and 60% after indomethacin. Prostaglandin F2 alpha antagonized d-tubocurarine neuromuscular block by an average of 10% before and 18% after indomethacin, but potentiated succinylcholine block by an average of four per cent before and 12% after indomethacin. These results suggest that non-specific inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis alone does not influence d-tubocurarine or succinylcholine induced neuromuscular blockades. However, both prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha may induce transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction that may be enhanced by indomethacin, thus antagonizing the non-depolarizing blockade of d-tubocurarine and potentiating the depolarizing blockade of succinylcholine. PMID- 7363145 TI - Death within 48 hours of anaesthesia at the Vancouver General Hospital. PMID- 7363146 TI - Anaesthesia for correction of oesophageal stricture in a patient with recessive epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica: case report. AB - Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica is a rare hereditary disorder which presents significant anaesthetic problems. These include malnutrition and anaemia; electrolyte imbalance in severe cases; renal failure and amyloidosis in progressive disease; association with porphyria; a history of steroid therapy. Technical problems associated with the necessity to avoid trauma to the skin and mucous membranes include those related to management of the airway and avoidance of regional techniques. Venepuncture may be difficult and oesophageal stricture increases the risk of regurgitation and aspiration. Anaesthetic management of a patient with epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica with oesophageal stricture presenting for colonic interposition is described and the problems associated with this disease are discussed. PMID- 7363147 TI - Near-drowning: an unusual case. AB - This paper reports the case of a 2 1/2-year-old male who appeared to have drowned in the family swimming pool. Immediate continuous cardiopulmonary resuscitation eventually restored circulation and respiration. Subsequently, in the intensive care unit, he appeared to "cone" and suffer brain "death". Prompt and continuous use of measures to support cerebral resuscitation were successful and the child subsequently was completely normal. A reevaluation of current information seems indicated in regard to the prognosis of the near-drowned child. PMID- 7363148 TI - Sudden interruption of gas flow through a Schrader oxygen coupler unit. AB - The flow of oxygen to an anaesthetic gas machine suddenly and completely stopped during the course of a general anaesthetic. The cause of the failure was traced to a Schrader oxygen coupler check unit. During servicing, one component of the check unit had inadvertently been replaced by a similar but inappropriate component. Interruption of oxygen flow resulted from a loss of contact between two components of the check unit. This incident raises questions about the basic design and safety of Schrader coupler check units. PMID- 7363150 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 7363149 TI - Awareness during anaesthesia. PMID- 7363151 TI - Malignant temperature probe. PMID- 7363152 TI - Closed circuit operation of Bain circuit. PMID- 7363153 TI - Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity: management by radiotherapy and surgery. AB - Verrucous carcinoma is a distinct nonmetastasizing variant of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. It is frequently found in the oral mucosa, often in association with the more common type of metastasizing squamous cell carcinoma. In many centres radiotherapy is not used to treat verrucous carcinoma because this tumour is thought to be radioresistant and because "anaplastic transformation" has been reported following such therapy. In a series of 37 patients, 30 received radiotherapy, either alone or combined with surgery. Anaplastic transformation was not encountered. The best results were obtained with aggressive treatment which included both surgery and radiotherapy. PMID- 7363154 TI - Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a new approach. AB - Less than 10% of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma survive 5 years when treated by operation and conventional irradiation, but survivors who are disease free at 2 years appear to be cured. The administration of a small number of large radiation fractions (350 to 800 rads) failed to eradicate the local disease in 14 patients, all of whom died within 9 months. Hyperfractionation (100 rads qid at 3 hour intervals) caused complete tumour regression of 6 of 14 patients and partial regression in 7 others; the 1 patient whose tumour failed to respond was treated only once daily. However, the cost was high: two patients died of spinal cord necrosis and a third of pneumonitis due to the unexpected increase in radiation toxicity caused by the concurrent administration of Adriamycin. If an effective systemic treatment can be devised for this disease, hyperfractionation may be capable of eradicating the massive local tumour masses so characteristic of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 7363155 TI - Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint: review of 214 patients following meniscectomy. AB - The chief causes of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint are nervous tension and excessive use of the jaw, manifested by habitual chewing, jaw clenching or nocturnal tooth-grinding. The symptoms of pain, trismus, mild or severe clicking and jaw locking may be accompanied by signs of joint tenderness, palpable "klunking" or poor forward movement of the mandibular heads. A follow-up study of 214 patients after meniscectomy revealed that, on physical examination, 182 (85%) had normal jaw function. Of the remaining 32 (15%), 11 required unilateral condylectomy and 3 required bilateral condylectomy. When occlusive adjustment, sedation, muscle relaxants and dietary revision fail, meniscectomy is considered to be the treatment of choice if carried out before the onset of degenerative arthritic change in the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 7363156 TI - Two-team approach to surgery for head and neck cancer. AB - The authors describe a 10-year experience with the two-team approach to complex operations for head and neck cancer. The general surgical team is responsible for the excision of the lesion and the plastic surgical team for the reconstruction. Twenty-seven patients have been treated in this way. A brief history, a general outline of overall management, the approach to oral, pharyngeal and extrinsic laryngeal lesions and the methods of reconstruction are described. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are presented. This approach has been found beneficial to the patients and satisfactory to the two surgical teams. In the opinion of the authors the advantages of this approach outweigh the disadvantages. PMID- 7363157 TI - Prognostic value of skin testing with dinitrochlorobenzene in patients with head and neck cancer. AB - Of 107 patients with cancer of the head and neck region in whom sensitization with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was attempted at the time the patient first presented, 57 became positive while 50 remained negative. These two groups were similar with respect to age, sex, involved sites and extent of tumour at presentation, but the mortality in the DNCB-negative group (38%) was twice as high as that in the DNCB-positive group (17.5%). Since both groups were treated in a similar fashion and have been followed-up for equal periods of time, the difference in mortality suggests that DNCB skin testing is of prognostic value in patients with cancer in the head and neck region. PMID- 7363158 TI - Comparison of reconstructive methods used following ablative head and neck operations. AB - To overcome the sometimes crippling effect of extensive ablative surgery for oral cancer, two reconstructive techniques, the forehead flap of McGregor and the deltopectoral flap described by Bakamjian, have been incorporated into the operative procedure making it nearly routine. The records of 77 patients in whom 55 deltopectoral flaps and 30 forehead flaps were used were reviewed retrospectively. The failure rate of deltopectoral flaps was 16.4% and for forehead flaps was 7%. Causes of failure included infection, pressure by bone, prosthesis or teeth, residual cancer, previous irradiation and flap crowding. Functional results were similar with both flaps. The forehead flap is preferred although it has cosmetic disadvantages. Both these flap procedures, which are staged and result in prolonged hospitalization for the patient, may in the future be replaced by myocutaneous and free-flap reconstructions. PMID- 7363160 TI - Radiotracer assessment of gastric mucosal permeability after hypovolemic shock. AB - Acute lesions of the gastroduodenal mucosa may result from gastric mucosal ischemia with subsequent cellular dysfunction, capillary leakage and increased susceptibility to mucosal damage. A new technique for measuring the effect of hypovolemic shock and gastric mucosal permeability is presented. Piglets were injected intravenously with human serum albumin labelled with 100 micro Ci of iodine-131 (131I-HSA). Serial blood and gastric samples were obtained for gamma counting during the control, hypovolemic shock and resuscitative periods. Increased gastric acid secretion and clearance of labelled serum albumin occurred after resuscitation from hypovolemic shock. The authors believe that increased capillary permeability and defective gastric mucosal cell function due to ischemia contribute to these changes. PMID- 7363159 TI - Intestinal bypass for morbid obesity: a consecutive personal series. AB - Forty-five patients who underwent end-to-side jejunoileal bypass, with 51 cm in circuit, were followed up from 8 months to 8 years (average 3.4 years). There was no early or late mortality but morbidity was considerable; it included inadequate weight loss or late gain in 22%, malnutrition and liver failure in 11%, severe diarrhea and electrolyte imbalance in 11%. Cholelithiasis and wound complications also occurred. Reanastomosis was necessary in 13% (six patients). The result of the bypass was good in only 20%, satisfactory in 44% and unsatisfactory in 36%. This type of bypass is not adequate treatment for morbid obesity because the proportion of unsatisfactory results (36%) is too high and the number of good results too low and because the outcome is unpredictable. The complication of malnutrition characterized by a decline in body cell mass, an expansion of the extracellular mass and an increase in the ratio of total exchangeable sodium to total exchangeable potassium is quickly and effectively treated by intravenous administration of amino acids or protein hydrolysates. Long-term management of protein malnutrition requires a high protein diet (100 g/d) or reanastomosis. PMID- 7363161 TI - The gastroplasty tube and its role in reflux control: an experimental and clinical study. AB - The gastroplasty tube has been used in the control of reflux since it was originally described by Collis in 1961. Several variations of the procedure have been reported indicating a low frequency of anatomic recurrence but a high frequency of reflux. Two forms of gastroplasty procedure are used: partial fundoplication in which gastric fundus incompletely wraps the gastroplasty and high pressure zone, and total fundoplication in which a circumferential wrap is constructed. The authors conducted a clinical review, using the patient's history, radiology and manometry, of 135 patients with partial fundoplication gastroplasty (PFG) and 250 patients with total fundoplication gastroplasty (TFG). In both groups the anatomic recurrence rate was low; however, with PFG the frequency of reflux was 44.6% and 25.7% of patients had notable symptoms. With TFG no patient had reflux. The response of the gastroplasty tube to meal-induced gastrin release and to neurogenic stimulation was tested. Basal tube pressure was low and showed no response to gastrin release and no augmented neurogenic response. It was concluded that the gastroplasty tube did not have intrinsic properties of value in controlling reflux and that reflux control depended upon the method of fundoplication. The role of the gastroplasty tube is in preventing anatomic recurrence. PMID- 7363162 TI - Aortoenteric fistulas: a preventable problem? AB - The results of management in 22 patients with secondary aortoenteric fistula are reviewed to determine whether this condition can be prevented. In 14 patients who had resection of an aneurysm, the fistula developed in spite of adequate coverage of the synthetic graft. Most fistulas occurred at sites of anastomosis (81%). Half the patients presented with sudden massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage; however, in 40% hemorrhage had occurred up to 18 months before admission. Endoscopy is the most useful diagnostic modality, but the condition must first be suspected. The most successful definitive management of this problem was removal of the graft and revasoularization of the lower limbs by insertion of an extra anatomic bypass graft. The overall mortality in the series was 60% and the operative mortality 47%. The preventive aspects of this complication and technical details of the aortic and duodenal closure are discussed. The authors believe that this serious complication of aortic bypass grafting may be prevented by ensuring that the suture line is adequately separated from the small bowel and duodenum. PMID- 7363163 TI - Sequential femorotibial bypass: clinical results. AB - Sequential bypass grafting is a technique designed to improve blood flow in selected patients who require femorotibial bypass grafting. In an attempt to augment runoff we have constructed a side-to-side anastomosis between the saphenous vein and an open popliteal segment in addition to the distal anastomosis between the vein graft and the tibial artery. The sequential bypass technique was used in 15 patients and limb salvage was the operative indication in all but 1 of these. All grafts remained patent in the early postoperative period. During a follow-up period of 2 to 43 months, the patency rate was 86% while the cumulative patency among those followed up for more than 1 year was 78%. PMID- 7363164 TI - Is proximal reconstruction alone adequate treatment for combined aortoiliac and femoropopliteal disease? PMID- 7363166 TI - The reliability and validity of clinical reporting. PMID- 7363165 TI - [Pleural effusion indicator of pancreatitis]. AB - The presence of a pleural effusion in patients with pancreatitis is a common marginal occurrence. On rare occasions the pleural effusion not only is abundant, recurrent, hemorrhagic and contains a high concentration of amylase, but presents as the only manifestation of an otherwise undiagnosed or obscure pancreatitis. Thus it presents a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic problem. The authors report such a case and review the literature in which 49 cases have been reported in the past 10 years. Pancreatomediastinopleural fistula is usually visualized and seems to be the basic fault in most cases. Thoracic drainage will relieve the patient and dry up the effusion in one third of cases. Otherwise pancreatic resection is usually required. Internal or external drainage of the mediastinopleural component by laparotomy is not difficult. Pleural sequelae are minimal in most cases. PMID- 7363168 TI - The knee unhinged. PMID- 7363167 TI - Appendicitis complicating pregnancy. AB - The charts of 24 pregnant women subjected to laparotomy for acute appendicitis are reviewed. The correct diagnosis was made preoperatively in 19 (79%). Complications were predominantly associated with perforation of the appendix in the third trimester. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are stressed. Improved perinatal care allows more aggressive management in acute appendicitis complicating late pregnancy. PMID- 7363169 TI - The healthier heart. PMID- 7363170 TI - Myocardial cations and trace metals in cardioplegia: a clinical study. AB - Cations and trace metals play important roles in the pathophysiology of myocardium, and understanding their changes during cardioplegia may be important in further refining the technique of myocardial protection. Serial myocardial, blood and urine samples were taken from 12 patients undergoing cardiac operation under cold cardioplegia. The concentrations of calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper were measured with an atomic absorption spectrometer. Myocardial magnesium levels were found to be significantly (P less than 0.05) depleted when the "cardioplegic" solution contained 0.69 mmol/l of magnesium, but this could be prevented by increasing the magnesium concentration of the infusate to 2.2 mmol/l. With calcium-free infusate, the myocardial calcium concentration decreased, but zinc and copper values did not change significantly. There were decreased serum concentrations of these cations and trace metals during tbe hemodilution cardiopulmonary bypass but their 24-hour excretions in urine were within normal range. Although the clinical importance of such changes remains to be elucidated, the information may be valuable in designing future cardioplegic solutions with optimal compositions. PMID- 7363171 TI - Clinicopathological correlations in patients who received an isolated model 104 Beall mitral valve. AB - Following reports of accelerated wear in the model 104 Beall prosthetic valve, the authors initiated a recall and prospective follow-up study of patients who received Beall valves. In the 3 years of the follow-up program, 12 patients who had an isolated Beall mitral valve implanted have had elective replacement of the prosthesis. Cinefluoroscopy was the most accurate preoperative method of predicting the degree of pathologic wear. The serum lactic dehydrogenase value was the next most helpful measurement. Change in functional class, mitral regurgitation murmur, hemodynamic status, echocardiography and the duration of the valve in situ were not sensitive indicators. PMID- 7363172 TI - Effectiveness of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation on systolic unloading. AB - The therapeutic benefit of intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) is believed to result from the combined action of reducing myocardial demand (systolic unloading) while improving myocardial supply (diastolic augmentation). However, the relative importance of these aspects has not been fully understood. Accordingly, the systolic unloading responses to IABP were studied in 13 dogs on total coronary bypass. By perfusing the coronary circulation from an extracorporeal source at a controlled pressure the authors were able to analyse the systolic unloading responses without diastolic augmentation directly altering coronary flow. The results suggest that IABP is effective only in reducing myocardial demand at normotensive levels; IABP during hypotensive states did not assist the failing heart mechanically by systolic unloading. Therefore the therapeutic action of IABP must result from increases in coronary blood flow by diastolic augmentation. PMID- 7363173 TI - Early clinical experience with the carpentier-Edwards porcine heterograft cardiac valve. PMID- 7363174 TI - Valve replacement for isolated mitral regurgitation. PMID- 7363175 TI - Perfusion in cardioplegia: an experimental study. AB - A new myocardial support system has been developed and a study of this system is reported. Cardioplegia was induced by continuous infusion of potent "cardioplegic" agents (potassium chloride and potassium chloride with propranolol) at the aortic root in 12 dogs subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass with total body hypothermia (20 degrees C). A low-flow normal-pressure perfusion was maintained with the aid of a norepinephrine drip. During the period of hypothermia the blood pH was maintained at 7.6 and serum magnesium concentration was increased to an average of 2.1 mmol/l by parenteral infusion of magnesium sulfate. At no time was ischemia induced and the aorta was not cross-clamped. The functional recovery to normal and preservation of the ultrastructure of the subendocardium after 4 hours of perfusion in cardioplegia were remarkable. The control hearts from hypothermic dogs that were allowed to fibrillate spontaneously showed severe damage. PMID- 7363176 TI - [Views of patients after open heart surgery]. AB - Twenty patients, selected at random, were followed up by means of interviews and questionnaires before and after open-heart surgery. Nine were professional or business people, two were office clerks, four were manual labourers and five were unemployed. The operative procedures consisted of valve replacement in eight patients, aortocoronary bypass in nine and correction of congenital cardiopathy in three. Anxiety factors before the operation centred around the fear of death (55%), invalidity (15%) and convalescence (10%). No anxiety was found in 20%. The family proved to be a negative factor in 31%, especially in wives of professionals. In the intensive care unit, 47% of patients complained of the noise and 26% of the nursing during the night shift; only 21% complained of pain. More than 70% of the patients appreciated the support of the interviewer, and especially the continuity of the follow-up throughout the hospital and convalescence phases. PMID- 7363178 TI - Visual abnormalities after severe head injuries. AB - The authors studied 12 patients with major abnormalities of the afferent visual system following closed injury to the head. The anatomic sites of injury were the eye in five patients, the optic nerve in seven patients, the chiasm in four patients and the optic radiations in four patients. A technique for rapid evaluation of the afferent visual system in patients with multiple injuries is presented. Three representative examples of permanent visual loss following closed head injury are reported. PMID- 7363177 TI - Microvascular free flaps in head and neck reconstruction. AB - Microvascular free tissue transfer can be applied to head and neck reconstruction where: (a) conventional flaps have been used successfully, (b) conventional flaps are extremely difficult to use and such procedures are undertaken with reservation and (c) conventional flaps cannot accomplish the reconstructive goal. The authors describe examples of these applications and summarize their experience in their first 10 cases. All flaps survived completely; there were four minor complications. Reconstruction with microvascular free flaps has many advantages over conventional techniques. The flap tissue retains its vascularity important in irradiated tissue-there are no open wounds and this single-stage procedure is associated with a high rate of flap survival. Specifically, the flap can be oriented with ease, without restriction caused by a tight pedicle. The donor sites are less conspicuous and previous use of conventional donor sites is not important. Most importantly compound skin and bone flaps can be used simultaneously to reconstruct mandibular and lining defects. This application is not possible wtih techniques other than free flap transfer. PMID- 7363180 TI - Parasternal mediastinoscopy in bronchial carcinoma of the left upper lobe. PMID- 7363179 TI - Mitral valve prolapse as a cause of hemodynamically important mitral regurgitation. PMID- 7363181 TI - Early changes following injection injury of peripheral nerves. AB - Using light and electron microscopy and a fluorescent tracer technique, the authors have studied various aspects of injection injuries to nerves in an attempt to elucidate the pathophysiology of this condition and to help establish a rational basis for treatment. In 72 animals 144 nerve injections were carried out, using five drugs in current use and commonly administered by intramuscular injection. The nerves were examined at varying times (10 minutes to 10 weeks) following injection. Pathological alterations in the nerve were evident as early as 30 minutes after injection. The mechanism of injury appears to be a direct neurotoxic effect on the nerve fibre-both axon and Schwann cell-with a breakdown in the blood-nerve barrier. PMID- 7363182 TI - Long-term follow-up of patients who underwent single valve replacement with Bjork Shiley prosthesis. AB - Single heart-valve replacement with a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis was undertaken in 118 patients between Jan. 3, 1970 and Dec. 31, 1977. The hospital mortality was 7% for patients who had aortic valve replacement and 9% for those who had mitral valve replacement. Recent improvements in techniques for myocardial preservation and cardiopulmonary bypass resulted in a notable reduction in hospital mortality during the period 1974 to 1977 compared with that in the period 1970 to 1973; the rate was 5% for aortic valve replacement and 4% for mitral valve replacement between 1974 and 1977 compared with 9% and 18%, respectively, during the period 1970 to 1973. There was an additional late mortality of 8% in patients who had an aortic valve replaced and 11% in those who had a mitral valve replaced; the mean follow-up was 2.3 years (range 6 months to 7.5 years). Seventy-one patients with an aortic valve prosthesis and 38 patients with a mitral valve prosthesis were alive at the time of late follow-up. In patients who received an aortic valve prosthesis, 73% had an excellent result after operation (New York Heart Association classes I or II) and 18% had some functional improvement. In patients who received a mitral valve prosthesis, 68% had an excellent result and 18% were functionally improved after operation. The incidence of thromboembolism was 8.3% and of anticoagulant-related complications, 13.8%. PMID- 7363183 TI - Clinical judgement versus arthrography for diagnosing knee lesions. AB - The authors carried out a retrospective, randomized study of 200 patients with a preoperative diagnosis of meniscal tear of the knee. Of 208 knees operated on, more than one lesion was found in 84 knees (40.4%). Arthrographic diagnosis was incomplete or incorrect in 103 (51.5%) of 200 knees. Chondromalacia of the patella was present in 55 knees (26.4%) and tears of the anterio cruciate ligament were present in 15 (20.8%) of the 72 athletes who formed part of the study population. With regard to the medial meniscus, arthrographic errors occurred in only 9%. For the lateral meniscus, the rate of accuracy of the radiologists' reports was 67% compared with 97% accuracy for clinical assessment. This study points out that clinical evaluation still remains the best means of diagnosing knee lesions. PMID- 7363184 TI - Bile reflux gastritis and esophagitis. AB - The authors reviewed 39 patients in whom bile reflux gastritis and esophagitis were diagnosed and treated. All had epigastric pain not relieved by antacids, 26 had heart burn, 13 dysphagia and 7 hematemesis. On endoscopic examination, all had reflux of bile into the stomach with gastritis, 14 had bile in the esophagus and 21 had esophagitis. Results of biopsy in 15 patients were consistent with gastritis or esophagitis. All but one patient had a history of peptic ulcer disease-gastric or duodenal-and 35 had undergone 48 gastric operationns. Treatment was medical but those refractory to medical management underwent operation. A Roux-en-Y diversion of bile was the most successful operative treatment, benefiting 9 of 12 patients. An adequate length of the efferent limb was found to be important as two patients were not improved until this length was increased to 45 cm. Successful treatment depends on the ability to distinguish this syndrome from recurrent acid peptic disease and esophageal reflux due to sphincteric incompetence. PMID- 7363185 TI - Further manifestations of Behcet's syndrome. AB - Behcet originally described a syndrome of iritis and anal and vaginal ulcerations. Many other manifestations of this disease have since been added, including rarely esophageal and bronchial ulceration. The authors report the case of a 65-year-old woman who had a 40-year history of oral and genital ulcers associated with arthritis, thrombosis of the left subclavian artery, asthma and esophageal ulceration. Her esophageal and respiratory symptoms were dominant. In the esophagus, despite effective control of reflux, she continues to have ulceration and secondary stricture requiring intermittent dilatation. When the stricture is tight, aspiration of food occurs, aggravating her asthma. The radiologic, endoscopic and manometric features of her esophageal disorder are described. PMID- 7363186 TI - Antibody production in cattle infected with Hypoderma spp. PMID- 7363187 TI - Some helminth parasites from the small intestine of free-ranging muskoxen Ovibos moschatus (Zimmermann) of Devon and Ellesmere Islands, Northwest Territories. PMID- 7363188 TI - Trypanosoma ambystomae in Ambystoma spp. (order Caudata) in southern Ontario. PMID- 7363189 TI - Therapeutic approaches to health systems disease: an overview of failure. PMID- 7363190 TI - Peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of psoriasis. PMID- 7363191 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the common bile duct during pregnancy. PMID- 7363192 TI - Reverse osmosis units do not remove all water contaminants. PMID- 7363193 TI - Unwanted teenage pregnancies. PMID- 7363194 TI - Plasma lipoprotein levels and the prevalence of hyperlipoproteinemia in a Canadian working population. AB - The lipids and lipoproteins - cholesterol (C), triglyceride (TG) and high density, low-density, very-low-density and sinking pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C and SPB-C) - in plasma samples from 1620 fasting white adults and children from the Toronto-Hamilton area were analysed. The mean concentration of HDL-C was about 45 mg/dl in men and about 60 mg/dl in women, and the levels were constant throughout adult life in both sexes. Boys had higher mean HDL-C levels than men, but girls had lower mean HDL-C levels than women. Mean LDL-C levels, like total C levels, increased with age, from about 87 mg/dl in boys to 136 mg/dl in men, and from about 91 mg/dl in girls to 145 mg/dl in women. The mean levels of VLDL-C followed the TG patterns for age and sex, rising from about 7 mg/dl in boys to 26 mg/dl in men, and from about 11 mg/dl in girls to 19 mg/dl in women. SPB-C was detectable visually in 39% of the population and with the aid of densitometry in 54%; the levels were not related to age, sex or oral contraceptive use, and the median level was 3 mg/dl.Prevalence estimates of hyperlipoproteinemia showed that type IV was the most common, and it was found more than three times as often in men as in women. This was in part due to the customary use of plasma TG cut-off points that do not reflect the large difference in TG levels between males and females. Type IIA hyperlipoproteinemia was found in about 2% of the adults and type IIb in a further 1%. Types I, III and V were all rare. The prevalence of types II and IV hyperlipoproteinemia was four times greater in women using oral contraceptives than in nonusers in the same age range. PMID- 7363195 TI - Antibiotic misuse in a pediatric teaching hospital. AB - Antibiotic use at a pediatric teaching hospital was reviewed for a month. A total of 188 courses of therapy were evaluated with respect to choice of antibiotic, dosage and necessity of treatment. Errors in therapy were noted in 30% of the medical orders and 63% of the surgical orders. The most frequent error, unnecessary therapy, was found in 13% and 45% of the medical and surgical orders respectively. Error rates were highest for the most frequently ordered antibiotics, notably the penicillins. The magnitude of the problem appeared to be similar to that previously reported from general ana adult hospitals. The difficulties with solutions such as educational programs and compulsory consultation are discussed. PMID- 7363196 TI - Inhalation of foreign bodies by children: a continuing challege in management. AB - In a review of 19 years' experience with inhalation of foreign bodies by children the 33 patients (mean age 28 months) were found to have presented most frequently with wheezing or coughing, or both, of recent onset, and to have decreased air entry, rhonchi or respiratory stridor, or a combination of these signs. Eighteen children had inhaled a nut, a pea or a bean. The other 15 had inhaled various organic and inorganic objects. All the children underwent bronchoscopy, and the foreign body was completely removed in 19 during the first procedure; the remainder required repeated bronchoscopy or direct surgical removal of the foreign body, or both. Permanent disability or death was not encountered. The findingsof the study indicate that early bronchoscopic removal is the preferred treatment when a child inhales a foreign body. PMID- 7363197 TI - California group virus encephalitis in three children from Quebec: clinical and serologic findings. PMID- 7363198 TI - Verapamil and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: beneficial effect in patients with chronic pulmonary disease. PMID- 7363200 TI - Inhalation of foreign bodies by children. PMID- 7363199 TI - Antibiotic abuse: spare the child. PMID- 7363201 TI - Children's hospital provides round-the-clock specialist emergency service. PMID- 7363202 TI - Permissiveness and Dr. Blatz: where did society's ideas on child-raising go wrong? PMID- 7363203 TI - Which operation for lumbosacral root compression? PMID- 7363204 TI - The interaction of propoxyphene with other drugs. PMID- 7363205 TI - Use of benzodiazepines. PMID- 7363206 TI - Cancer immunotherapy. PMID- 7363208 TI - Injury analysis: skateboarding v. tobogganing. PMID- 7363207 TI - Early identification of impaired hearing. PMID- 7363209 TI - "Dial-a-doctor". PMID- 7363210 TI - Indications for admission to a coronary care unit in patients with unstable angina. AB - One hundred cases with an admission diagnosis of acute coronary insufficiency or unstable angina were reviewed to establish criteria for admission to a coronary care unit. Myocardial infarction was subsequently diagnosed in 20 of the patients. Ventricular tachycardia occurred in 16 patients and ventricular fibrillation in 1 patient. Clinical features found to predict an increased risk of myocardial infarction included chest pain for more than 30 minutes within 24 hours prior to admission, new nonspecific electrocardiographic abnormalities consistent with ischemia, and diaphoresis. All patients with ventricular tachydysrhythmias had presented with both prolonged chest pain prior to admission and new electrocardiographic changes. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of various clinical criteria for identifying patients likely to have a myocardial infarction were calculated, and criteria with very high (greater than 90%) sensitivity were identified. These could be used to establish which patients are at increased risk of myocardial infarction and therefore require admission to a coronary care unit. PMID- 7363211 TI - Giardiasis and other intestinal parasitic infections in a Manitoba residential school for the mentally retarded. AB - A case of severely symptomatic giardiasis in a school for the mentally retarded prompted an epidemiologic survey of the institution. The rate of parasitic infection in the children were just under 50%. Multiple infections were common and one child harboured five different protozoa. The yield included known pathogens (Giardia lamblia, Metorchis conjunctus and Diphyllobothrium sp.), protozoa of potential pathogenicity (Dientamoeba fragilis) and other protozoa, the significance of which has yet to be determined. The prevalence of G. lamblia in the index ward was significantly higher than in a control ward matched for age and mobility of the children. The epidemiologic data suggested person-to-person transmission of G. lamblia within the institution. Recommendations for the control of protozoal intestinal infections in custodial institutions are presented. PMID- 7363213 TI - Neonatal campylobacter enteritis. PMID- 7363212 TI - Relief of dental pain by ice massage of the hand. AB - Patients suffering from acute dental pain were treated with ice massage of the web between the thumb and index finger of the hand on the same side as the painful region. Control groups received tactile massage alone or with explicit suggestion that the massage was intended to alleviate their pain. Changes in pain intensity produced by the procedures were measured with the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Ice massage decreased the intensity of the dental pain by 50% or more in the majority of patients. Furthermore, the pain reductions produced by ice massage were significantly larger than those produced by tactile massage alone or with explicit suggestion. The results indicate that ice massage has pain reducing effects comparable to those of transcutaneous electrical stimulation and acupuncture. The fact that cold signals are transmitted to the spinal cord exclusively by A-delta fibres and not by C fibres provides a potential method for differentiating the various feedback systems that mediate analgesia produced by different forms of intense sensory input. Ice massage provides a simple method for the palliative control of pain in dental clinics. PMID- 7363214 TI - Clinical survey of Achilles tendinitis in athletes. PMID- 7363215 TI - [Upper airway obstruction in a child caused by enlarged tonsils and adenoids]. PMID- 7363216 TI - How will your wife cope when you die? Doctors' widows supply some answers. PMID- 7363217 TI - Computer-assisted medicine: exploring programming languages. PMID- 7363218 TI - Analysis of billing costs in a BC practice: medicare may cost least. PMID- 7363219 TI - Sterilizing the mentally-handicapped: who can give consent? PMID- 7363220 TI - Health education and risk assessment: a new role for physicians in primary prevention. PMID- 7363222 TI - "Is there a doctor on this flight?". PMID- 7363223 TI - Foreign medical schools. PMID- 7363221 TI - The health of Canadian grain workers. PMID- 7363224 TI - The consultation process and physician satisfaction. PMID- 7363225 TI - Breast v. lung cancer in women. PMID- 7363226 TI - The periodic health examination. PMID- 7363227 TI - Radionuclide left ventricular angiography during exercise in ischemic heart disease. AB - Radionuclide angiocardiography during exercise is one of the latest advances in nuclear cardiology and is being introduced into clinical practice. In this article the pathophysiological principles of this technique and the method with which it is used to evaluate patients with ischemic heart diseases are outlined, the various patterns of response in these patients are illustrated, and factors that limit the interpretation of the results, including the level of exercise achieved, are discussed. PMID- 7363228 TI - Progressive dyspnea in a 39-year-old housewife. PMID- 7363229 TI - Prevalence of gallstones and risk factors in Caucasian women in a rural Canadian community. AB - The prevalence of gallstones and gallbladder disease was studied in a rural Caucasian population. All the women aged 15 to 50 years were asked to complete a questionnaire, undergo cholecystography and keep a food record for 4 consecutive days. The gallbladder status was assessed in 73%. The prevalence of gallstones in this population, 167/1000, was considerably higher than that reported in the Framingham study (59/1000) but was not significantly different from that recently found in Micmac Indian women living nearby in Canada (211/1000). In contrast to all the other studies in Caucasian women, this study showed the prevalence of gallstones to peak between the ages of 30 and 39 years. The risk factors, controlled for age, were found to be obesity, a narrow range of daily energy intake, a low daily calcium intake and limited activity. Discriminant analysis showed that skinfold thickness and range of daily energy intake or all measures of obesity together correctly separated the persons with gallstones from those without. PMID- 7363230 TI - Leiomyoblastoma of the omentum. PMID- 7363231 TI - [A case of leukonychia modified following surgical intervention and a review of leukonychia]. PMID- 7363232 TI - Alberta family doctors take tentative steps at lobbying. PMID- 7363233 TI - BCMA adopts soft-sell ad campaign to spruce up MDs' image. PMID- 7363234 TI - International Year of the Child: what did we do? PMID- 7363236 TI - Do microcomputers have a place in medical practice? PMID- 7363235 TI - Your tax - last-minute reminders. PMID- 7363237 TI - Legislation in Ontario to give minors right to consent. PMID- 7363238 TI - Birth defect data available in computer bank. PMID- 7363239 TI - Psychiatry returning to its roots. PMID- 7363240 TI - New treatments for old hearts. PMID- 7363241 TI - The periodic health examination. PMID- 7363242 TI - Classification of psychiatric disorders. PMID- 7363243 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and airway obstruction. PMID- 7363244 TI - A "physiologic" penicillin preparation. PMID- 7363245 TI - Methodologic considerations for trials of lung cancer prophylaxis. AB - Prophylaxis is likely to be of increasing importance in the control of lung cancer. Areas already suggested as potential fields of investigation include the use of specific immunoprophylaxis or synthetic retinoids. Thorough evaluation of the effects and hazards of such prophylaxis will be required, and the most satisfactory approach is to conduct controlled prophylactic trials. Such trials must rest on the same basic principles as those established for therapeutic trials. However, new problems bearing on ethical requirements, the sampling procedure, and the practical conduct of the trials will arise. Compliance, adverse effects, end points for analysis of the prophylactic effects, and rules for when to stop a trial are discussed. PMID- 7363246 TI - Specific immunoprophylaxis in experimental tumour-host systems. AB - A variety of animal species have been rendered resistant to syngeneic tumours of many histologic types of immunoprophylaxis. Among the types of preparation of tumour-associated antigens that have merit as vaccines are tumour cells treated with radiation, mitomycin C, certain viruses, neuraminidase, sulfhydryl blocking agents and lipoidal reagents. Alternatively, tumour-associated antigens of the cell membrane may be solubilized and used for vaccination. Recent studies with dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) indicate that it both modifies tumour cells and serves as an immunologic adjuvant in that it enhances protective responses to iodoacetamide-treated lymphoma cells and acts as a potent macrophage activator. By judicious application of DDA either delayed hypersensitivity or antibody response may be selectively enhanced. Several advantages of DDA over other adjuvants are its water solubility, the fact that it does not produce deleterious lesions at the site of injection and the fact that it eliminates the risk of systemic infection that exists with the use of live bacteria. PMID- 7363247 TI - Diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease from transbronchial lung biopsy using the fibreoptic bronchoscope. PMID- 7363248 TI - Potential difference of the pancreatobiliary mucosa during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. PMID- 7363249 TI - Private health insurance in Britain: public opting out of NHS. PMID- 7363250 TI - Time for a new approach to Canada's older population. PMID- 7363251 TI - Chick edema disease syndrome in young turkey poults. AB - Two feeding bioassays were conducted to study the mortality pattern, incidence of edema and ascites formation and plasma composition of turkey poults fed diets containing varying levels of toxic fat (fat contaminated with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins) and/or salt. No significant changes in plasma concentrations of electrolyte and total protein and packed cell volume were observed in slaughtered poults fed diets containing toxic fat compared with poults fed a normal diet. However, a positive dose-response relationship between levels of dietary toxic fat (0,2 and 5%) and incidence of mortality with edema, ascites and hydropericardium was observed in poults fed diets containing 1% salt. The toxic effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins were accentuated by increasing the level of salt (0.5, 1 and 3%) in the diet. Mortality started at nine days of age and increased on days 10 and 11. The present experiments demonstrated that gross pathological changes similar to those reported for "chick edema disease" caused by feeding polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, could also be produced in young turkey poults. The etiology of the toxic effects of these organic compounds in edema formation is discussed. PMID- 7363252 TI - Observations on an outbreak of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in a bull test station. AB - A clinical outbreak of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis with a morbidity of 11.3% in unvaccinated bulls of a test station is described. The outbreak began explosively in one pen and appeared in others over a period of two weeks. After intranasal vaccination of all bulls, the sporadic occurrence of clinical infectious bovine rhinotracheitis ceased. Although no animals died as a result of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, the periodic weighing necessary in a bull test station revealed that affected bulls were set back in their average daily rate of gain. While on test, affected Angus bulls never returned to an average daily gain comparable to unaffected bulls of the same breed. PMID- 7363253 TI - Canine enteritis associated with a hemagglutinating virus. AB - A fatal case of hemorrhagic enteritis in a young dog is described. Hemagglutination and electron microscopic studies support a viral etiology. PMID- 7363254 TI - Toxic myopathy in a dog associated with the presence of monensin in dry food. AB - This report describes a case of toxic myopathy in a two year old sheltie dog with clinical signs of profound weakness, myoglobinuria, and muscle enzyme elevations. The clinical signs were likely related to the accidental inclusion of monensin sodium in the dog's food. This food was prepared by a small feed milling company that also prepares cattle and chicken rations. A change of dog food resulted in remission of the clinical signs. PMID- 7363255 TI - Intussusception involving the spiral colon in a calf. AB - Clinical examination of a ten month old Holstein heifer with a history of colic and anorexia revealed a distended viscus in the midline and a hard, sausage shaped mass in the right lower posterior quadrant of the abdomen. At surgery, the mass was exteriorized and found to be an intussusception of the colon into the spiral colon. The intussusception was reduced by traction and the animal made an uneventful recovery. PMID- 7363256 TI - Survival of Trichinella spiralis larvae in deep-frozen wolf tissue. PMID- 7363257 TI - The Canadian beef industry. AB - The cattle industry in Canada has changed greatly over the past several decades. Size of the national dairy herd has reduced steadily but this reduction has been more than offset by an increase in the beef herd. As the dairy herd has decreased, the role of the Holstein has increased. The genetic improvement of the Canadian Holstein, based on selection procedures emphasizing progeny performance and mediated through increasing use of artificial insemination, has earned the breed a strong international reputation. This is reflected by the increasing international demand for semen. The strongest growth of the national beef herd occurred during a period of brisk import activity. Several of the new nonBritish breeds are now well established. Their advent on the Canadian scene rekindled interest in crossbreeding and systematic crossbreeding programs designed to make controlled use of heterozygosity are in the process of development. The new breeds of major importance at this time combine rapid growth rate with desirable carcass characteristics, specifically lean content. This, coupled with the carcass grade standards inaugurated in 1972, has resulted in improved efficiency of lean meat production. Importation activity has waned and a review of the production credentials of breeds not yet in Canada suggests little likelihood that they will contribute meaningfully to Canadian production. The numerous beef breeds now in Canada are presently undergoing a process of applied evaluation and relatively few of them seem destined to make a lasting contribution. The future of the cattle industry will be determined largely by economic developments. However, the ability of the ruminant to utilize food materials that do not compete directly with human demands should ensure an enduring future. PMID- 7363258 TI - Brucellosis in moose (Alces alces). A serological survey in an open range cattle area of North Central British Columbia recently infected with bovine brucellosis. AB - A serological survey for Brucella abortus antibodies in mature cow moose (Alces alces) was made in an area of northcentral British Columbia which recently had been heavily infected with bovine brucellosis and in which there was considerable intermixing of moose and range cattle. No evidence of Brucella infection was found in the moose tested and it was concluded that they were probably not of great significance in the epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in the study area and were therefore unlikely to have hindered attempts to eradicate brucellosis from the cattle in that area. PMID- 7363259 TI - Radiology improves diagnosis in trauma cases. PMID- 7363260 TI - Recurrent canine gastric dilation corrected by gastropexy and pyloroplasty. PMID- 7363261 TI - Urolithiasis in a herd of beef cattle associated with oxalate ingestion. AB - An unusually high incidence of urinary calculi in a group of feeder cattle is described. Necropsy findings in one affected animal suggested that oxalates in the feed, specifically in fescue (Festuca spp.) seed screenings, may have been the cause. Low dietary calcium and decreased water intake by the cattle appear to have been predisposing factors. Control measures are discussed. PMID- 7363262 TI - Tyzzer's disease in foals in western Canada. PMID- 7363263 TI - Abscess caused by Corynebacterium equi in a cat. PMID- 7363264 TI - Sodium fluoroacetate poisoning in a cat. PMID- 7363265 TI - Intestinal coccidiosis in baby pig diarrhea. PMID- 7363266 TI - [Hepatic ascariasis in a lamb]. PMID- 7363267 TI - Coronavirus-like particles associated with diarrhea in baby pigs in Quebec. PMID- 7363268 TI - Repair of bovine and equine mandibular fractures. AB - Clinical findings, surgical repair and postsurgical care of a unilateral fracture of the mandible of a bull and of a bilateral mandibular fracture in a horse are described. Compression plating limited the pain suffered by the animals and resulted in a quick return to function of the mandibles. PMID- 7363269 TI - A perspective on forage production in Canada. AB - Over the past decade, the cattle industry has experienced practically a full circle. With the promising beef prices in the early 1970s, with the glut of grain and a generous assist from government incentive programs, the forage acreage and cattle population have increased at a record rate. By 1974, the tide began to turn - grain prices went up sharply and beef prices became sluggish - and by 1976 a major crisis faced the producers. The cattle industry which had been developing on a cheap grain economy was now obliged to rely more on forage for its survival. Unfortunately, the forage was not existent and the only salvation of the industry was the gift of Providence - weather patterns that provided ample moisture conditions and above normal forage crops, the utilization of cereals and the intervention of government cow-calf support programs. Over the past year, the cycle was completed and record beef prices again prevail. The barley bins are full again and the cattlemen are gearing up for a few fat years. Demands for forage seed are brisk and the seeding down of forage acreage is bound to increase substantially over the next few years. And with this increase, cattle population expansion is bound to follow: how much expansion can the economy support? The production cost factors will determine the extent, but one can almost be certain that any expansion will either be modest or of short duration. At least, it should be. If the cattle industry is to establish solid foundations, it cannot be dependent upon the instability of a grain surplus-shortage position. With the present resources and the potential for developing it in direct competition with other crops, one can only expect a small and steady expansion over a long time span. One must agree with the range researchers and specialists of the Canada Research Stations at Lethbridge and Swift Current that pasture and range will continue to be the limiting factors of cattle expansion as they have been for the past 50 years. It is interesting to note that in the Prairie Provinces at least, the number of livestock raised each year has not changed since 1930 although cattle have largely replaced the horses. It is easy to speculate on paper that Canada can double in the next 20 years its forage and cattle production on its large expanses of land on the fringes of the agriculturally settled areas. It is true that these lands, while marginal for cash crops, could produce excellent forage. But at what cost? And what kind of pasture could we grow on them?It is easy to speculate that our livestock geneticists can breed a ruminant-type animal that will feed on poplar saplings and poplar leaves, or develop a new breed of cattle with buffalo vigor that will thrive in the extreme north. But looking at the musk-ox experience in the Northwest Territories and the history of the Wood Buffalo National Park leaves little room for optimism. The present generation is not likely to see in its lifetime the cattle population go beyond the 20 million mark. We can look, however, with good assurance on the present cattle numbers remaining stable and can look forward to gradual increase brought about by normal improvement in both forage and cattle management.Hopefully, both the cattle producer and the veterinarian will be able to reap the benefits of this most important segment of Canada's agricultural industry. PMID- 7363270 TI - Levamisole reduces the thrombocytopenia associated with myxovirus vaccination. AB - Mature dogs were vaccinated with a myxovirus vaccine. At this time, half of the dogs were also given a subcutaneous injection of levamisole hydrochloride (2.2 mg/kg). Blood platelets were counted daily. The dogs that had received only the vaccine showed, after 48 hours, a 48% decrease in platelets. Levamisole reduced the thrombocytopenia associated with myxovirus vaccination. Levamisole could have a protective effect on platelets by preventing their aggregation induced by viral neuraminidase. PMID- 7363271 TI - Housing and environment for dairy calves. AB - Many cases of poor health in calves have been traced to bad management and inadequate ventilation in the calf nursery. Important management principles for improved calf health include calf housing isolated from the adult herd and periodic depopulation and sanitizing of the calf nursery area. In good weather, low-cost calf rearing portables such as the "calf hutch" can provide alternative housing during the cleanup period.Calf nursery ventilation systems must have flexibility to give the full winter-to-summer range of controlled ventilation rates and critical air inlet adjustments. Earlier recommendations were for three stepped ventilation rates of 3.3, 6.6 and 24 L/s per calf to cover the range from cold winter to warm summer weather. Later recommendations are for a simpler two stepped fan system starting at 6.7 L/s (continuous winter rate) and increasing to 50 L/s for temperature control in warm to hot weather. Even with the best insulated construction, increased supplementary heating is required to support this increased continuous winter ventilation. To save energy the heating must be controlled to stop before the higher-rate ventilation starts. Other design features for more uniform temperatures and improved calf nursery ventilation include: 1) preheating the ventilation air before it enters the calf room, 2) distributing air to the ceiling with round holes and adjustable slots adjusted to give at least 4 m/s inlet velocity, 3) using a properly sized centrifugal fan running continuously to exhaust air from near the floor in winter and 4) protecting air intakes and fan openings from the effects of wind. Air recirculation systems and variable-speed fans are not recommended. PMID- 7363272 TI - Studies on Salmonella from floor litter of 60 broiler chicken houses in Nova Scotia. AB - Fifteen floor litter samples were collected from each of 60 broiler chicken houses in Nova Scotia. Salmonella was recovered from 270 litter samples (30%) in 33 of 60 (55%) houses. All isolates were serotyped. Salmonella heidelberg and S. infantis were the most common of the 13 serotypes found. Isolates of selected serotypes were phage typed. Most isolates were susceptible to all common antimicrobial agents. PMID- 7363273 TI - Disseminated canine histoplasmosis: a clinical survey of 24 cases in Texas. AB - The clinical features of 24 cases of disseminated canine histoplasmosis are presented. The enteric form predominated and the age at presentation was from five months to ten years. The principal clinical findings were chronic diarrhea, weight loss, pyrexia and anemia.A premortem diagnosis was reached in 20 cases, by demonstrating Histoplasma capsulatum organisms in peripheral blood smears, rectal scrapings or surgical biopsies. Five of seven dogs treated with amphotericin B were released in asymptomatic condition. Four of these cases relapsed six to 15 months following therapy. The overall mortality rate was 80%. PMID- 7363274 TI - Structural investigation of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella serotype K17. AB - The structure of the capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella K17 is based on the pentasaccharide repeating-unit shown. The principal features of the structure were determined by standard methods, including 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy, which are shown to be complementary techniques. The position of the one beta-L rhamnopyranosyl residue was established by selective periodate oxidation of the terminal, lateral substituent, despite the presence of in-chain sugar-units possessing alpha-glycol systems. PMID- 7363275 TI - Comparative lectin-binding and agglutination properties of the strain-specific, TA-3-St, and the non-strain-specific, TA3-Ha, murine mammary carcinoma ascites sublines. Further studies of receptors in epiglycanin. AB - The complex carbohydrates at the cell surfaces of two TA3, murine mammary carcinoma ascites sublines (the strain-specific, TA3-St subline and the nonstrain specific. TA3-Ha line) were compared by binding studies with 125I-labelled concanavalin A (con A), Ricinis communis agglutinin (RCA), and eel-serum agglutinin (ESA). The TA3-Ha cell bound equal amounts of con A, 1.5-fold more RCA, and 4-fold more ESA than the TA3-St cell. Binding-inhibition studies by these lectins and two others [wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) and potato lectin (STA)] suggest complementary binding-sites between con A and both RCA and ESA. Quantitative agglutination studies with the five lectins, and inhibition determinations by both neuraminidase-treated and untreated epiglycanin revealed that TA3-St, but not TA3-Ha, cells were agglutinated by con A, and that epiglycanin inhibited this agglutination, as well as the agglutination of rabbit erythrocytes by con A. The presence of a con A receptor on epiglycanin was also suggested by the binding of epiglycanin to con A-Sepharose, and its specific elution with methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside. TA3-St cells were agglutinated at a 10-15-fold lower concentration of either STA or RCA than TA3-Ha cells, but both cells were agglutinated by the same concentration of WGA and ESA. Inhibition by epiglycanin of agglutination of TA3-St cells by either STA or ESA occurred at a concentration lower than that of TA3-Ha cells, but epiglycanin inhibited RCA agglutination of TA3-Hs cells at a concentration lower than that of TA3-St cells. Epiglycanin, but not asialoepiglycanin, inhibited the agglutination of TA3-Ha cells by WGA. PMID- 7363276 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of some 1-N-substituted 2-acetamido-2-deoxy beta-D-glycopyranosylamine derivatives and related analogs. AB - Several 1-N-substituted derivative [haloacetyl-, glycyl-, (dimethyl)amino-acetyl , azidoacetyl-, trifluoroacetyl-, and trifluoromethylsulfonyl-] of 2-acetamido-2 deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosylamine (1) were synthesized as potential metabolic inhibitors of cellular-membrane glycoconjugates. Several fully acetylated derivatives were found to inhibit growth of mouse mammary adenocarcinoma TA3, leukemia L1210, or leukemia P-288 cells at 1-0.01 mM concentration in vitro. Some of these derivatives were less active after O deacetylation. Analogs of 1 in which NH2-1 was replaced by OH- or OAc-1 were also active on the same cell systems. The growth-inhibitory activity was correlated with inhibition of the incorporation of 2-amino-deoxy-D-glucose and L-leucine into a macromolecular fraction. PMID- 7363277 TI - Cardiology--the new board and their editorial policy. PMID- 7363278 TI - Critical evaluation of indices of myocardial contractility derived from the isovolumic phase of contraction. AB - The accuracy, sensitivity and reproducibility of several isovolumic force velocity indices of myocardial contractility were compared. Contractile element velocity was calculated using both two-element (total pressure) and three-element (developed pressure) models of cardiac muscle. While all indices demonstrated comparable sensitivity to inotropic state, only Vmax using developed pressure was independent of preload and appeared to be a useful index of the myocardial contractile state. PMID- 7363279 TI - Segmental transit time in coronary arteries with varying degrees of stenosis. AB - The transit time of contrast material through a proximal segment of right coronary and anterior descending arteries were measured from cineangiograms by means of a projector-linked frame counter. The time required for the contrast material to traverse a 15-cm segment from the ostia was more than 800 msec in 58 out of 80 vessels with more than 85% stenosis and only in 12 of 129 vessels with up to 85% stenosis. This simple measurement during routine interpretation of cineangiograms may add valuable information. PMID- 7363280 TI - Influence of propranolol on exercise prescription of training heart rates. AB - Review of a longitudinal study of the effects of 40 mg of propranolol orally in 14 patients with coronary heart disease demonstrated a minor but not statistically significant change in the relationship of percentage of maximal oxygen uptake to percentage of maximal heart rate. In a cross-sectional comparison of several hundred patients who showed no other significant difference in initial findings in relation to propranolol, significant differences were present with respect to resting heart rate and responses to symptom-limited exercise, nevertheless the relationship of percentage of maximal oxygen uptake to the percentage of maximal heart rate was similar. Accordingly, we recommend maximal exercise testing in all patients prior to undertaking an exercise program so that their maximal heart rate can be determined accurately and rational training heart rates advised. The exercise test should be performed with the patients taking medications they anticipate continuing during the period of physical training, and if a change in medications is subsequently made then the exercise test should be repeated. PMID- 7363281 TI - Selective afterload reduction in the treatment of septal rupture complicating myocardial infarction. A case report. AB - Interventricular septal rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction is usually fatal unless corrective surgery can be delayed until adequate healing of the septum has occurred. A case is reported in which the degree of shunting through the ventricular septal defect was reduced by the use of hydralazine, a drug which selectively reduces peripheral vascular resistance. In spite of the fact that this patient eventually died before surgical repair could be carried out, the hydralazine did bring about a significant improvement in the left-to right shunt ratio. PMID- 7363282 TI - Pressor effect of the baroreceptor reflex, depressor effect of septal stimulation and their interactions. AB - Experiments on limbic modulation of the baroreceptor system show that changes in blood pressure caused by electrical stimulation of the septal area (PRS), carotid occlusion (PRC) and the interaction of these factors (PRI) can be described by power functions, if the pressure curves are divided into two branches, taking into account the minimum pressure attained during PRS and the time of occlusion release during PRC and PRI. A system analysis approach may be an important tool to disclose characteristics of changes undergone by blood pressure, which remain otherwise undetected. PMID- 7363283 TI - Pseudomyocardial infarction associated with acute bifascicular block due to hyperkalemia. AB - A case with lymphocytic lymphoma showing unusual ECG findings consisting of pseudoacute anteroseptal myocardial infarction associated with acute bifascicular block (a combination of right bundle branch block and left anterior hemiblock) secondary to hyperkalemia is presented. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case showing such unusual hyperkalemia-induced ECG abnormalities. No evidence of myocardial infarction (acute or old) was found in this case on the post-mortem examination. The importance of recognizing pseudomyocardial infarction in hyperkalemia is emphasized to distinguish from true myocardial infarction. In addition, it has been stressed that hyperkalemia is one of the important causes of acute bifascicular block. PMID- 7363284 TI - Adjusted single load exercise test. A new exercise test for improved diagnosis of coronary heart disease. AB - A new adjusted single load exercise test (ASLET) is presented. The test is aimed to improve diagnosis of coronary heart disease and should not be used in patients with a well-established diagnosis. 60--120 min after a multistage near-maximal ergometric test with a negative electrocardiographic outcome ASLET is performed. The single load used in ASLET is based on the last load reached at the multistage procedure. If for example a heart rate of 150 beats/min (end point parameter of the multistage test for the age group above 40 years) is reached at 100 W (after performing 25, 75, and 100 W) the ASLET will be a sudden load of 100 W. This procedure has proved to increase the sensitivity of our exercise test. In about one third of false negative results at the multistage procedure the ASLET test was positive in symptomatic patients. PMID- 7363285 TI - Postocclusion hyperemia in the isolated fibrillating blood-perfused dog heart. AB - Reactive hyperemia following occlusions of 15, 30, 60 and 120 sec duration was studied in the left coronary vascular bed of the isolated fibrillating dog heart perfused with arterial blood at constant pressure or constant volume. Except for repayment, linear correlations were found between occlusion time and the characteristics of reactive hyperemia. At a basal perfusion pressure of 50 mm Hg the postocclusion reaction was absent. The maximum hyperemic response was observed at 100 mm Hg, while on a further increase of perfusion pressure reactive hyperemia decreased. The postocclusion reaction was more marked but of briefer duration under constant pressure perfusion. The results can be explained by the joint effects of metabolic, myogenic, and physical factors on coronary vascular tone. PMID- 7363286 TI - Cardiac, aortic, pericardial, and pulmonary receptors in the dog. AB - Afferent nerve activity from left and right atrial, left and right ventricular, interventricular septal, papillary muscle, pericardial, aortic and pulmonary vascular receptors was recorded from the left T3 white ramus communicans and the innominate, dorsal, recurrent, ventromedial, craniovagal and caudovagal cardiac nerves in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized dogs. The receptors were localized and the nature of the stimuli required to excite these receptors was also determined. Some ventricular receptors were excited during maximal contraction of the myocardium. Other ventricular and aortic receptors were stimulated by elevation of intracardiac or aortic pressure. The pericardial, atrial, and papillary muscle receptors were excited by stretching the surrounding tissue. The discharge patterns of these receptors were not always synchronous with the events of the cardiac cycle. The stimuli required to excite each type of receptor (ventricular, atrial, etc.) and their resultant discharge patterns were not identical for all of the receptors. Excitation of cardiac receptors with sympathetic afferents resulted in 1--2 spikes per cardiac cycle, whereas receptors with vagal afferents resulted in bursts of spikes per cardiac cycle. PMID- 7363287 TI - Echocardiographic patterns after mitral annuloplasty. AB - 18 adolescents and children who underwent mitral annuloplasty for severe mitral regurgitation were evaluated by echocardiography. In 7 patients studied preoperatively, mitral valve excursion ranged from 25 to 56 mm with E-F slopes from 92 to 160 mm/sec. 5 of the 7 patients showed mitral valve prolapse. The left ventricle was dilated in 6 and the left atrium was dilated in 4 patients. Postoperatively, the mitral valve excursion decreased ( range 15-26 mm; p less than 0.01) as did the E-F slope (range 44-100 mm/sec; 0.10 greater than p greater than 0.05). The prolapse pattern disappeared and the left heart chambers decreased in size. In these 7 patients and in 11 others studied postoperatively only, a common echocardiographic pattern was that of early anterior motion of the posterior mitral valve leaflet, which was not present preoperatively and was, therefore, tentatively ascribed to the technique of annuloplasty repair. No calciferation and no definite mitral steosis has occurred in the follow-up of these patients to date. Persistent left atrial/left ventricular dilatation appeared related to residual mitral regurgitation with or without atrial fibrillation. PMID- 7363288 TI - Exercise thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy: advantages and limitations. PMID- 7363289 TI - Physical activity and coronary heart disease. AB - This review deals with more recent investigations of the health benefit of regular aerobic exercise including studies in: epidemiology, echocardiography, animal research, and cardiac rehabilitation. Recent epidemiological studies support the preventative aspects of exercise in apparently healthy individuals. Echocardiographic studies suggest morphologic changes in young individuals. Recent animal research confirms previous results as well as documenting improvment in cardiac function even under hypoxic and ischemic conditions. Studies of cardiac rehabilitation suggest that medically supervised programs do not improve or worsen morbidity and mortality. The question of whether exercise training can cause cardiac effects in patients with coronary disease rather than just improve the response of the peripheral circulation to exercise may be answered using newer radionuclide techniques. PMID- 7363290 TI - Opposite transmural gradients of coronary resistance and extravascular pressure in the working dog's heart. PMID- 7363291 TI - Quantitative evaluation of the regional left ventricular function in normal subjects by means of cineangiocardiography. AB - A method for analysing left ventricular cineangiograms is described, which not only provides information on the overall ventricular performance, but also evaluates the regional contraction of the left ventricle and the related haemodynamic patterns. This simplified Chapman's method (slice method) makes it possible to calculate the end-diastolic, end-systolic volumes, the stroke volume and the ejection fraction of the zones into which the left ventricle is divided by a longitudinal and by three transverse axes, according to Herman's technique. The hemiventriculograms of 21 normal subjects in the AP projection were evaluated using this method and a 10 of them were also studied in RAO projection. A uniform left ventricular contraction pattern was found for three hemiventricles outlined by the anterolateral, lateral, and postero-medial walls (ejection fraction 71.7 +/- 5.1%, 71.6 +/- 5.9%, 70.4 +/- 5.1%, respectively), the regional and zonal ejection fraction (EFR, EFZ) being similar in both projections. The ejection fraction of the hemiventricle outlined by the septal wall was, however, lower (65.6 +/- 6.0%). The standard zonal function curves of the left ventricle in normal subjects was then calculated on the basis of the results obtained, in order to assess, by comparison, zonal function abnormalities in cardiac patients. PMID- 7363292 TI - Age-related changes in the transmembrane potential of isolated rabbit sino-atrial nodes and atria. AB - Transmembrane potentials were recorded from single cells of the sino-atrial (S-A) node and right atrium isolated from rabbits of different ages (2 to 360 days old). In neonatal rabbit atria, the shape of pacemaker action potentials recorded from same S-A nodal cells were not regular, and action potentials showing a slow depolarisation during diastole were frequently recorded from the right atrium close to the crista terminalis. The atrial rate decreased, the maximal diastolic potential or resting potential and the size of the overshoot increased, and action potential durations were prolonged with age. Such alterations in the membrane potential related to age were not associated with changes in the atrial rate. The maximum rate of rise did not significantly differ in S-A nodes and right atria from rabbits of different ages. It may be concluded that the membrane permeability for K+ is increased and/or the permeability for Na+ is decreased during early postnatal period, resulting in alterations in the automaticity and parameters of the membrane potential. The relationship between maximum rate of rise and maximal diastolic potential or resting potential appears to be altered with age. PMID- 7363293 TI - Possible modes of action of dobutamine in dog femoral and pulmonary arteries. AB - Possible mechanisms involved in the action of dobutamine on blood vessels in isolated strips of dog artery were investigated and compared with noradrenaline, dopamine, and isoprenaline. In femoral strips, noradrenaline, dopamine, and dobutamine induced a dose-dependent contraction which was blocked by phenoxybenzamine. In strips previously contracted by KCl, after pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, dobutamine induced a further contraction while isoprenaline produced a dose-dependent relaxation. However, dobutamine and isoprenaline elicited a dose-dependent relaxation in strips contracted by noradrenaline without phenoxybenzamine. This isoprenaline-induced relaxation was completely blocked by propranolol but the dobutamine-induced relaxation was in part attenuated by propranolol. In pulmonary strips, noradrenaline and dopamine elicited a dose-dependent contraction which was blocked by phenoxybenzamine, whereas dobutamine did not act on the strips. beta-Blockade by propranolol tended to potentiate the dobutamine-induced contraction of femoral strips, but did not affect the responses of pulmonary artery to dobutamine. In pulmonary arteries, the contractile responses to noradrenaline were antagonised by dobutamine. The results obtained here indicate that dobutamine exerts vascular actions by several different modes, such as an alpha-adrenergic agonistic and antagonistic action, an extremely weak beta 2 agonistic action, and a non-adrenergic contractile action. PMID- 7363294 TI - Effects of hypoxia or low PH on the alternation of canine ventricular action potentials following an abrupt increase in driving rate. AB - Effects of hypoxia or low extracellular pH on the alternation of ventricular action potentials occurring after an abrupt increase in driving rate (rate change induced alternation--RCI alternation) were studied using standard microelectrode methods in canine papillary muscle preparations. Under the control conditions the alternation always occurred after a rate change from 10 to 100 beats . min-1 or 60 to 200 beats . min-1, but it diminished rapidly during the faster rates. Under the hypoxic condition the degree of the RCI alternation gradually increased to the peak 20 to 60 min after the onset of the hypoxic perfusion and then decreased. The hypoxic perfusion caused an increase in beat-to-beat laternating change of the action potential configuration and a marked persistence of the phenomenon. In the initial stage of reoxygenation after 2 hours of the hypoxic perfusion, the RCI alternation transiently increased again. During hypoxia in six out of 15 preparations an unusual alternation of action potentials with an inverted phase occasionally occurred after the rate change from 60 to 200 beats . min-1. Acidic perfusion (pH = 6.0) had similar effects on the RCI alternation. It also caused an increase in beat-to-beat alternating change in the action potential configuration and a prolongation of the phenomenon. In the period when the RCI alternation was markedly increased, a steady-state alternation of action potentials spontaneously occurred at a constant drive rate under hypoxia or low pH. The mechanisms responsible for the RCI alternation of action potentials and the possible role of the phenomenon in the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias in the ischaemic heart are discussed. PMID- 7363295 TI - Preferential uptake of lactate by the normal myocardium in dogs. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate whether the normal dog heart would switch to lactate as the preferred substrate when the arterial lactate level was raised. Sodium L-Lactate (pH adjusted to 7.0) was infused intravenously in sufficient quantity to raise the arterial lactate levels to those found in moderate to severe exercise (over 4.5 mmol . litre-1). The dogs were studied under chloralose anaesthesia breathing spontaneously. Blood samples were obtained from a branch of the femoral artery and the coronary sinus, and analysed for lactate, glucose, fatty free acids (FFA) and oxygen content. The ratio of lactate consumption to oxygen consumption was used to express the amount of lactate oxidised as a percentage of total substrate. This ratio was found to be a function of arterial lactate and reached a maximum at an arterial lactate concentration of 4.5 mmol . litre-1; this was uninfluenced by raised arterial glucose or FFA--the myocardium preferred lactate to glucose or FFA. A direct measurement of lactate oxidised as a percentage of total fuel was obtained in experiments with L-Lactate-[14C(U)], these showed that when the arterial lactate concentration was above 4.5 mmol . litre-1, even in the presence of high glucose or FFA, 87% of the total substrate oxidised was lactate. These results show that when the normal dog heart is presented with a choice of substrates, lactate is the preferred substrate for energy production. PMID- 7363296 TI - Vectorcardiographic analysis of ventricular tachycardia. AB - From a study of 69 patients with ventricular tachycardia using digitised vectorcardiograms, it is suggested that the following features are evidence of a ventricular origin. 1. Anterior QRS predominantly in the left anterior quadrant. 2. Slow initial tangential QRS velocity greater than or equal to 20 ms in the presence of an anterior QRS monophasic loop. 3. QRS totally in the right posterior quadrant. 4. In the presence of a QRS in the left posterior quadrant slow anterior QRS initial forces lasting greater than or equal 20 ms in the horizontal plane. The following features are suggestive of a ventricular origin. 1. Slow initial tangential QRS velocity greater than or equal to 20 ms in the presence of an anterior QRS loop resembling right bundle branch block (RBBB). 2. Anterior monophasic QRS loop with counterclockwise rotation. 3. Slow initial QRS forces posteriorly (TV of first 40 ms less than 10 mV . s-1) in the presence of a QRS loop in the left posterior quadrant. 4. A vertical right QRS axis greater than or equal to +60 degrees in the presence of a left bundle branch block (LBBB) loop in the horizontal plane and any axis greater than or equal to +90 degrees less than or equal to -160 degrees. The importance of three simultaneous perpendicular leads for recording or arrhythmias is stressed. In addition vectorcardiograms have clearly separated multifocal ventricular tachycardia from multiformity, fusion beats with and without aberration, and bundle branch ventricular tachycardia. It is suggested that further study of the QRS waveform at the initiation and termination of ventricular tachycardia will elucidate the mechanisms and types of tachycardias. PMID- 7363297 TI - Pump function of the feline left heart: changes with heart rate and its bearing on the energy balance. AB - Pump function of the feline left heart was determined by measuring the relationship between mean left ventricular pressure and mean left ventricular output, obtained by changing the arterial load on a beat-to-beat basis. The effect of a change in heart rate from 120 to 160 beats . min-1 was studied and a parallel shift of the pump function graph was found. Care was taken to keep left ventricular end-diastolic pressure constant with the change in frequency. If the mean pressure and output values obtained at 160 beats . min-1 were multiplied by the ratio between the two frequencies (0.75), almost complete superposition of the two graphs was obtained. Changes in arterial load also caused changes in oxygen consumption, mean external power and external efficiency of the heart. We plotted these variables, altered them as a function of mean left ventricular output for easy comparison with the pump function graph. It was found that oxygen consumption decreases with increasing output. Mean external power and efficiency attain maxima for different values of mean output. If the left heart in the intact animal is controlled to function at its maximum power output, this can therefore not be achieved at the optimum efficiency level. The results of the present study and those obtained earlier were compared with the behaviour of a time varying compliance model. PMID- 7363298 TI - Modification of regional function of ischaemic myocardium by the alteration of arterial pressure in dogs. AB - The effects of alterations of arterial pressure by nitroprusside and methoxamine on regional myocardial function were studied during total coronary occlusion and during partial coronary constriction in open chest dogs. Animals were instrumented with a left ventricular micromanometer, an electromagnetic flow probe around the left circumflex coronary artery, and three pairs of ultrasonic crystals in a control, marginally ischaemic, and ischaemic segments. In nine dogs, when the coronary artery was totally occluded by a hydraulic cuff placed distal to the flow probe, the end-diastolic length of all three segments was increased, and shortening was rapidly replaced by systolic expansion in the ischaemic segment. Active shortening decreased by 68% in the marginal segment, while it increased by 21% in the control segment. With nitroprusside infusion, peak systolic pressure was reduced from 15.2 to 11.3 kPa and hypokinesis of the marginal segment was improved to 45% of control value with a concomitant decrease in end-diastolic length by 5%. With methoxamine, left ventricular systolic pressure was elevated to 18.5 kPa, and marginal segment shortening further deteriorated to 19% of control with chamber enlargement. In 6 dogs, coronary flow was limited by a screw-driven metal clamp. When mean coronary flow was reduced by 50% of control value, stable hypokinesis was produced in the ischaemic segment. Nitroprusside infusion induced the same haemodynamic changes, however, shortening of the ischaemic segment deteriorated further and a passive bulge appeared. Methoxamine improved the percentage shortening from 1.2 to 6.4%. Thus, interventions with an agent which changes afterload in left ventricular ejection have multiple and complex effects on the contractile function of the ischaemic myocardium and, depending on the magnitude of coronary blood flow reduction, a potentially beneficial drug can be determined to an ischaemic myocardium. PMID- 7363299 TI - Matrix algebraic simulation of mitotic cell selection experiments. AB - Mitotic cell selection experiments are frequently utilized in investigations on the effects of various metabolic inhibitors and/or X-irradiation on cell-cycle progression of mammalian cells in tissue culture. This study describes a method for matrix algebraic simulation of these experiments which involves the sequential multiplication of cell-population matrices, growth matrices, and mitotic cell-selection matrices. Simulations are shown for progression in control cultures and cultures perturbed either by X-rays or 2-mercapto-1(beta-4 pyridethyl) benzimidazole. Application of this model will enhance the planning of these investigations and allow more rigorous testing of alternate hypotheses concerning the mechanisms of action of perturbing agents. PMID- 7363300 TI - Kinetics of cell proliferation in the pre-implanted mouse embryo in vivo and in vitro. AB - The cell proliferation of pre-implanted mouse embryos was investigated after development in vivo and in vitro. The studies were started at the pronuclear stage, 2 h post conception (p.c.) and continued until the hatching of blastocysts, 120-144 h p.c. The number of cell nuclei, the DNA content of each nucleus, the mitotic index and the labelling index were determined. From these data it was possible to calculate the length of the cell generation cycle and its various phases. With the exception of the first cell cycle the S-phase was constant. The G1- as well as the G2-phase varied in length during the different cell cycles. From 31-72 h p.c. the increase in cell number was exponential. After cultivation in vitro this increase was smaller than in vivo. At later periods the proliferation rate decreased with proceeding development. In late blastocysts most of the cells were in the G1-phase. The development of the embryos was somewhat faster in vivo than in vitro. But in principle conditions were comparable. PMID- 7363302 TI - The proliferation kinetics of NHIK 1922 cells in vitro and in solid tumours in athymic mice. PMID- 7363301 TI - Analysis of intestinal cell proliferation after guanethidine-induced sympathectomy. III. Effects of chemical sympathectomy on circadian variation in mitotic activity. PMID- 7363303 TI - Scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of the lung of the newt, Triturus alpestris Laur. AB - The lungs of Triturus alpestris Laur. were investigated with the scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Dimensions of the cell bodies of pneumocytes and ciliated cells, as well as the thickness of the air-blood barrier, were determined. The lungs of the newt form two simple sacs without septa. A ciliated epithelium containing goblet cells lines the pulmonary vein and partially the pulmonary artery. The remainder of the lung surface is covered internally by respiratory epithelium consisting of one type of cell and only occasionally showing the presence of single ciliated cells. All cells, ciliated, goblet and pneumocytes, contain in their cytoplasm lamellar bodies. Multivesicular bodies and numerous vesicles of variable electron density also occur in the cytoplasm of pneumocytes. Atypical mitochondria can be found in all cell types of the lung. Fixation with addition of tannic acid reveals the surface lining film. Tubular myelin figures were not observed. PMID- 7363304 TI - Glomerular epithelial foot processes in normal man and rats. Distribution of true width and its intra- and inter-individual variation. AB - The width of individual glomerular epithelial foot processes appears very different on electron micrographs. A method for obtainining distributions of the true width of foot processes from that of their apparent width on electron micrographs has been developed based on geometric probability theory pertaining to a specific geometric model. Analyses of foot process width in humans and rats show a remarkable interindividual invariance implying rigid control and therefore great biological significance of foot process width or a derivative thereof. The very low inter-individual variation of the true width, shown in the present paper, makes it possible to demonstrate slight changes in rather small groups of patients or experimental animals. PMID- 7363305 TI - Ribosomal RNA synthesis and transport following disruption of the nuclear envelope. AB - Experiments were designed to determine if the synthesis, processing and transport of rRNA are affected by changes in nuclear permeability. RNA was labeled by microinjecting [3H]GTP into the cytoplasm of defolliculated oocytes. After injection, the nuclear envelopes were disrupted by puncturing the cells with glass needles. It has been shown that this procedure significantly alters the physical properties of the nuclear envelope. At appropriate intervals after puncturing, the oocytes were manually enucleated and RNA was extracted from both nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. The extracts were analyzed on 2.5% polyacrylamide gels. The results indicate that over a period of 4 1/2 h neither the production nor the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of rRNA are affected by altering the permeability characteristics of the nuclear envelope. PMID- 7363306 TI - Enhanced differentiation of sexually dimorphic organs in L-thyroxine treated Tfm mice. AB - In the present study we examined the effects of L-thyroxine on the differentiation of three sexually dimorphic organs in mice affected by the testicular feminization mutation (Tfm): the submaxillary salivary glands, the kidneys, and the adrenal glands. In the salivary gland we compared the effects of L-thyroxine and testosterone in normal and Tfm mice on the morphology of the intercalated tubules and on the NGF content of this gland. In the kidney we examined thyroid hormone effects on the sexually dimorphic proximal convoluted tubules. In the adrenal gland we studied the effects of the same hormone on the weight of the organ and on the structure and ultrastructure of the zona reticularis in untreated and L-thyroxine treated Tfm mice. The results show that the thyroid hormone enhances differentiation of the dimorphic structures in all these organs and increases the secretory activity of the salivary and adrenal glands. The stimulatory effects of L-thyroxine are more pronounced on the weight of the adrenal than of the salivary gland and of the kidney. Our results raise the question whether the enhanced differentiation elicited by L-thyroxine in the three sexually dimorphic organs of Tfm mutants is due to a direct hormonal effect, or whether it is fully, or in part, mediated through the hypothalamo pituitary-thyroid axis. PMID- 7363307 TI - Depletion of neurosecretory granules and membrane retrieval in the sinus gland of the crab. AB - Ultrastructural aspects of hormone release from the sinus gland of the crab Carcinus maenas, have been studied by incubation of glands in vitro (i) in high potassium-containing media to induce hormone release; (ii) in a high potassium containing calcium-free medium in which depolarisation but no hormone release would be expected; and (iii) in control saline. Uptake of horseradish peroxidase into subcellular organelles was also studied. Many neurosecretory granules could be found in the nerve terminals but, in contrast to mammalian neurosecretory systems, structures resembling microvesicles were extremely scarce. High potassium stimulation in the presence of calcium caused an 18% loss of granules from the nerve terminals associated with images of single and multiple exocytosis. It further caused an increase in vacuoles which could have accounted fro 33% of the membrane of the granules exocytosed. After incubation in high potassium-containing, calcium-free media there was no evidence either of exocytosis of granules or of an increase in the vacuole population. The population of sparse microvesicle-like structures was not significantly altered by incubation in either high potassium medium. Horseradish peroxidase reaction product could be found only in vacuoles of tissues stimulated by high potassium concentrations in the presence of calcium. It is concluded that this depolarising stimulus produces, in the presence of calcium, the release by exocytosis of about one sixth of all the granules in the sinus gland, and that vacuoles are the organelle responsible for the recapture of membrane after the exocytosis. PMID- 7363308 TI - Lymphoid cells in the Harderian gland of birds. An electron microscopical study. AB - In the subepithelial layer of the Harderian gland of some birds, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, as well as granulocytes are found. These cells are often densely aggregated in the central regions of the lobules, while individual cells occur near the periphery. Pre-plasma cells form desmosome-like contacts with macrophages and junctional complexes with each other. The lymphoid cells are sometimes embedded in a dense homogeneous material, which is also found in the intercellular spaces of the secretory epithelium. The present findings are discussed with reference to immunological aspects. PMID- 7363310 TI - Injuries due to anti-guerilla devices--a report on two cases. PMID- 7363311 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis (clindamycin/lincomycin colitis) PMID- 7363309 TI - Hypothalamic monoamines in lizards (Lacerta). A histofluorescence study. AB - The morphological organization of monoaminergic cells and fibers in the hypothalamus of the lizards Lacerta sicula and Lacerta muralis was investigated by fluorescence histochemistry. An extensive monoaminergic system emanates from the nucleus organi paraventricularis (NOP), a circumventricular organ of the medial and posterior hypothalamus containing numerous monoaminergic perikarya. Fluorescent processes extending from these cells end as intraventricular thickenings. An extensive fiber system presumably arising from the NOP innervates the accompanying nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami (NVH) as well as the nucleus periventricularis hypothalami (NPH) and the median eminence. A monoaminergic fiber path of extrahypothalamic origin enters the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus, terminating in the nucleus paraventricularis (NP). A discrete pathway of catecholaminergic fibers courses through the hypothalamus along the ventral border of the optic tract. Levels of fluorescence intensity are highest in the spring and in castrated animals and lowest in lizards during testicular regression. PMID- 7363312 TI - The marathon. PMID- 7363313 TI - A patient's experiences of pain in the ear. PMID- 7363314 TI - The aetiology of gross splenomegaly in Rhodesia and the significance of bilharziasis. PMID- 7363315 TI - Coronary artery--left ventricular communications. PMID- 7363316 TI - Myocardial ischemia after left ventriculography: pathophysiology and clinical significance. AB - The effects of contrast material on the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were evaluated in three groups of patients. Twenty patients (group I) with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) were found to have a change in LVEDP greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg; 15 patients (group II) with severe CAD had elevation of LVEDP less than 20 mm Hg; ten patients (group III) with normal coronary angiograms had a rise in LVEDP less than 20 mM Hg. The change in LVEDP was higher in group I than in groups II and III (P less than 0.005). Nineteen patients (95%) in group I complained of angina pectoris or had ST segment depression (or both) after ventriculography in association with the sharp increment in LVEDP. Angina or ST depression were seen in only two patients (13%) in group II and none in group III. We conclude that 1) elevation of LVEDP of 20 mm Hg or more after ventriculography may be seen in patients with severe CAD (most likely secondary to direct depressant effect of the contrast material on the myocardium) and 2) the abrupt and marked rise in LVEDP may produce myocardial ischemia due to reduction of coronary blood flow, especially to the subendocardial layer. PMID- 7363317 TI - Comparison of biplane and single plane left ventricular volumes in atrial septal defect. PMID- 7363318 TI - A simplified method for the calculation of left ventricular volume by equilibrium radionuclide angiography. PMID- 7363319 TI - The effect of acute aortic regurgitation on the transthoracic impedance cardiogram. AB - In nine anesthetized dogs, recordings of the first derivative of the transthoracic impedance cardiogram (ICG) were made during varying grades of acute aortic regurgitation. Acute aortic regurgitation was induced using a specially designed umbrella catheter, passed retrograde across the aortic valve into the left ventricle. The RFA (representing the fraction of the aortic reverse flow to the aortic forward flow) was computed using an electromagnetic flow probe implanted around the ascending aorta. Both the peak of the scalar ICG, dz/dtmax, which occurs at peak systolic ejection, and the nadir of the scalar ICG, X, which marks the closing of the aortic valve, increased with aortic regurgitation. The planimetered areas of the ICG during systole (S), and in early-diastole (X) increased during aortic regurgitation. These areas, S and X, correlated with the electromagnetic normalized aortic stroke volume (r = 0.90) and the regurgitant volume (r = 0.78), respectively. The ICG ratio X/S was correlated directly with the electromagnetic aortic regurgitant fraction (r = 0.86). This study demonstrates that the ICG waveform is consistently modified by experimental aortic regurgitation. Furthermore, these changes can be quantitatively related to the degree of aortic regurgitation. PMID- 7363320 TI - Quantitation of left ventricular wall motion in normal subjects: comparison of various methods. AB - Computer-assisted analysis of percent change in the square root of area in each of 12 consecutive 30-degree, pie-shaped ventricular segments was obtained in 48 normal subjects who underwent cardiac catheterization and left ventriculography. The information obtained permitted establishment of objective confidence limits for normal left ventricular regional wall motion. As an index of dynamic changes in segmental wall motion, the percent change in the square root of area method compared favorably with existing radius, area, hemichord, and chord methods. It also possessed a variety of theoretical advantages over these techniques: 1) large numbers of points were analyzed, 2) wall motion disorders in all areas except base were evaluated, 3) taking the square root of area's percent change provided both area information with least splay and an average measure of radius. PMID- 7363321 TI - The risk of sudden death in sickle cell trait: noninvasive assessmanet of cardiac response to exercise. AB - The effect of symptom-limited maximal treadmill exercise was evaluated in 34 patients with sickle cell trait (SCT) and 43 controls. Systolic time intervals were measured before and after exercise in 15 of the sickle cell trait subjects, and in 11 controls. Rate pressure product, degree of ST segment depression and incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in subjects with SCT were not significantly different from similar measurements in the control group. No significant difference in electromechanical systole QS2, left ventricular ejection time (LVET), pre-ejection period (PEP)/LVET or ejection fraction (EF) were found between the groups. These data indicate that healthy subjects with SCT do not have an increased incidence of exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia, or diminished ventricular function compared to normals. Further studies are indicated to elucidate factors that may be operative in sudden death syndrome. PMID- 7363322 TI - Truncus arteriosus communis, an unusual anatomical variant of type I. AB - We present a case of type I truncus arteriosus communis characterized by the horizontal origin of the main pulmonary artery from the common trunk and by a winding course up to a total length of 11.5 cm to the point of bifurcation of the pulmonary artery. Other than cyanosis the patient had a normal clinical history, which was followed for 20 years. The length of the main pulmonary artery could be related to the lower site of the incomplete septation of the common trunk, and it seems that hemodynamic factors contributed to this unusual configuration. PMID- 7363323 TI - Left atrial electrograms recorded through the patent foramen ovale. AB - The presence of a patent foramen ovale allows direct recording of a left atrial (LA) electrogram. Three patients are reported in whom simultaneous high right atrial (HRA), coronary sinus (CS), and direct LA electrograms were obtained. In two patients with normal surface ECG P waves the direct LA lead depolarized before the CS or low RA. The HRA to LRA and HRA to CS conduction times were similar to those reported previously. In a patient with a prolonged surface ECG P wave, the direct LA electrogram occurred late and after low RA depolarization. Recording LA electrograms through a patent foramen ovale is a useful technique, and these defects should be sought in all patients undergoing electrophysiological study. PMID- 7363324 TI - Segregation of developmental potential in early embryos of Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - We have followed the appearance of differentiation markers in cleavage-inhibited and uninhibited early blastomeres of C. elegans and have compared the cleavage patterns of blastomeres in partial and complete embryos. The results indicate that at least some primary differentiation of embryonic cells is determined by internal factors that segregate in early cleavages, whereas patterns of cleavage are dictated by both internally segregating determinants and external cues. PMID- 7363325 TI - Dispersal of junctional particles, not internalization, during the in vivo disappearance of gap junctions. PMID- 7363326 TI - CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid: isolation from and penetration into mouse liver microsomes. AB - We present three lines of evidence for the existence of an intramicrosomal pool of CMP-NeuNAc in liver slices incubated with 3H-NeuNAc: first, enrichment in the microsomal fraction over the cell homogenate of CMP-3H-NeuNAc relative to CMP-14C NeuNAc, the latter added as marker for sugar nucleotide trapped between and adsorbed onto vesicles; second, removal from microsomes by isotonic sucrose washing of only half of the CMP-3H-NeuNAc synthesized in vivo under conditions which remove all the CMP-14C-NeuNAc; and third, complete loss of both sugar nucleotides upon treatment of microsomes by hypotonic shock or with low concentrations of detergents. Incubation of CMP-NeuNAc with microsomes in vitro showed that the intact sugar nucleotide was penetrating the vesicles. When the sugar nucleotide is labeled in the sugar moiety, microsomal vesicles accumulate soluble radiolabeled products. This accumulation was saturable and dependent on time, temperature and concentration of sugar nucleotide, and was also inhibited by substrate analogues and by pretreatment of microsomes with proteases. Together, these results provide strong evidence for the existence of a specific transport system for CMP-NeuNAc in microsomes. PMID- 7363327 TI - Satellite DNA in large marker chromosomes of methotrexate-resistant mouse cells. AB - The additional segments of five large marker chromosomes of methotrexate resistant mouse melanoma PG19T3 cells are shown to consist of C-banding material. In situ hybridization indicates that these additional segments also contain a high proportion of sequences that will cross hybridize with mouse satellite DNA. Analytical density gradient centrifugation suggests that up to 60% of the DNA in the additional segments may be in the form of satellite DNA. Incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine for one complete S phase and staining with the Hoechst 33258 fluorescence plus Giemsa technique reveals complex asymmetries within the additional segments. These asymmetries are interpreted as showing a large repeating unit, which is likely to be involved in the amplification of the dihydrofolate reductase gene. PMID- 7363328 TI - Integration and organization of Ti plasmid sequences in crown gall tumors. AB - The Ti plasmid sequences (T DNA) maintained in four unorganized crown gall tumor lines were defined by using restriction endonucleases and molecular hybridization techniques. Each tumor line contains a "core" T DNA which is apparently responsible for maintaining the transformed state; the core T DNA is colinear with the Ti plasmid and contains the Ti plasmid sequences referred to as the "common DNA"--sequences found in all Ti plasmids studied to date. A given Ti plasmid does not always give rise to the same T DNA complement. The data suggest that the majority if not all of the T DNA is integrated into plant DNA, that preferred regions of the Ti plasmid serve as the points of attachment to plant DNA and that the T DNA can be linked to more than one site in the plant genome. PMID- 7363329 TI - Processing of intervening sequences: a new yeast mutant which fails to excise intervening sequences from precursor tRNAs. AB - By using conditional loss of suppression an an assay, we have been successful in screening for a yeast mutant which is defective in tRNA processing. The los1-1 mutation causes an accumulation of a subset of precursor tRNAs at the nonpermissive temperature. These pre-tRNAs are like those which accumulate in the yeast mutant ts 136 (rna1) in that they have transcribed intervening sequences. The mutations at los1-1 and rna1 complement and segregate independently of each other. The los1-1 mutation affects the expression of all 8 tyrosine-inserting suppressor loci, but does not seem to affect rRNA or mRNA synthesis. PMID- 7363330 TI - The sequences of the small ribosomal RNA gene and the phenylalanine tRNA gene are joined end to end in human mitochondrial DNA. PMID- 7363331 TI - The Lymphokine Nomenclature Committee of the IUIS. PMID- 7363332 TI - Variation in the homing properties of 51Cr-labeled thy antigen-positive lymphoma. PMID- 7363333 TI - Inhibition of human lymphocyte transformation by oxygenated sterol compounds. PMID- 7363335 TI - [Malignant angioendothelioma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363334 TI - [The role of staphylococci in the chronicity of dermatoses--1. Staphylococcus aureus skin strain biotyping (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363336 TI - [Dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring and some problems of anaerobic glycolysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363337 TI - [Analysis of psoriasis vulgaris in children for a period of five years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363338 TI - [Erythema dyschromicum perstans (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363339 TI - [Iatrogenic mycoses of the present time (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363340 TI - [Phytodermatoses caused by Primulaceae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363341 TI - [The role of staphylococci in the chronicity of dermatoses. 2. Protein A of skin staphylococci (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363342 TI - [Circulating immune complex antigens of hepatitis B]. PMID- 7363343 TI - [Course of gastric evacuation--its evaluation by T50% values and the complete evacuation time (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363344 TI - [Modeling of bromsulphthalein distribution curves in plasma, hepatocytes, and bile. I. Storage gradient and transport maximum as starting variables of the model. Method of modeling]. PMID- 7363345 TI - [Modeling of bromsulphthalein distribution curves in plasma, hepatocytes and bile. II. Model curves with normal parameters]. PMID- 7363346 TI - [Angiographic appearance of gastric tumours (author's transl)]. PMID- 7363347 TI - [Retrospective study of primary intracranial tumor diagnosis. Significance of pneumoencephalography, angiography and brain scintigraphy]. PMID- 7363348 TI - [Brain tumors studied using intra-arterially administered 131IHSA macroaggregates]. PMID- 7363349 TI - [Ectopic variants of intracranial expansive processes]. PMID- 7363350 TI - [Compressive lumbar root syndrome associated with a narrow vertebral canal]. PMID- 7363351 TI - [Labyrinth iontophoresis in the treatment of torticollis spastica]. PMID- 7363352 TI - [Chronic lymphocytic meningitis (Bannwarth)]. PMID- 7363353 TI - [Neuromuscular disorders in thyroid gland diseases]. PMID- 7363354 TI - [Pathophysiology, biochemistry and clinical aspects of sleep deprivation]. PMID- 7363355 TI - [Correlations between clinical and pathologic findings in comatose states]. PMID- 7363356 TI - [Statistical evaluation of the clinical uses of Hoffman's reflex in childhood hemipareses]. PMID- 7363357 TI - [Significance and interpretation of pyramidal manifestations of irritational flexion in pediatric neurology]. PMID- 7363358 TI - [Study of the relationship between needs and utilization of health services as a prerequisite for the optimal development of health services]. PMID- 7363359 TI - [Scientific organization and management in the work of community physicians in the socialist health care system]. PMID- 7363360 TI - [Need, chance, and determinism in occupational health services]. PMID- 7363361 TI - [The influence of socioeconomic conditions on the somatic development of 0-3-year old children in the northeastern part of Slovakia]. PMID- 7363362 TI - [Economic aspects of managing surgical departments]. PMID- 7363363 TI - [Forms of organization for the coordination of health services in socialist countries]. PMID- 7363364 TI - [Method of quantitative evaluation of the health status of the population]. PMID- 7363365 TI - [The nature and periodicity of information needed for the management of integrated hospitals]. PMID- 7363366 TI - [The contribution of sociological research to socio-medical knowledge]. PMID- 7363367 TI - Identification of nifedipine metabolites and their determination by gas chromatography. PMID- 7363368 TI - Constituents of the Chinese crude drug "Wujiapi". IX. Structure of glycoside H2 a potentiator of NGF-mediated nerve fiber outgrowth. PMID- 7363369 TI - Lipid-containing oral dosage form: significance of the intragastric metabolism of medium chain triglyceride in relation to the uniformity of drug absorption rate. PMID- 7363370 TI - Determination of carboxylesterase in rat tissues and blood using riboflavin-5' monobutyrate. PMID- 7363371 TI - Novel diterpenelactones with anti-peptic ulcer activity from Croton sublyratus. PMID- 7363372 TI - Synthesis of antimicrobial agents. IV. Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of imidazo[4,5-b][1,8]naphthyridine derivatives. PMID- 7363373 TI - Efficacy of hemodialysis and the effects of certain displacing agents on plasma protein binding of sulfamethoxazole and sulfaphenazole in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7363374 TI - Synthesis of bradykinin fragments and their analogs modified at a phenylalanine residue. PMID- 7363375 TI - Enhancement of the hypnotic potency of barbiturates by inclusion complexation with beta-cyclodextrin. PMID- 7363376 TI - Interaction of drugs with bile components. II. Effect of bile on the absorption of indomethacin and phenylbutazine in rats. PMID- 7363377 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of gliclazide in human plasma. PMID- 7363378 TI - Studies on the metabolic relationship between alkyl carbamates and alkyl N hydroxycarbamates in rats. PMID- 7363379 TI - Codeine-7,8-oxide (4,5 alpha-epoxy-7 beta, 8 beta-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl morphinan-6 alpha -ol: identification as a metabolite of codeine. PMID- 7363380 TI - GC-MS identification of active metabolite of oxacillin in man. PMID- 7363381 TI - 3-Trifluoromethylcephalosporins. II. Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activities of 3-trifluoromethylcephalosporin derivatives. PMID- 7363382 TI - Nutritional and ariboflavinosis-curing effects of riboflavin-5'-monobutyrate and monopalmitate. PMID- 7363383 TI - [Tomodensitometric anatomy and physiology of the muscular cone]. PMID- 7363384 TI - [Bilateral inflammatory exophthalmos in staphylococcal meningitis]. PMID- 7363385 TI - [Trial of a simple and rapid technic for replicating the cornea (corneal impression). Preliminary note]. PMID- 7363386 TI - [A case of scleromalacia]. PMID- 7363387 TI - [Is it possible to use 0.1% timolol in the treatment of chronic glaucoma?]. PMID- 7363388 TI - [Technical considerations and results based on 2 years of phacoemulsification]. PMID- 7363389 TI - [Ocular pseudopemphigus or trachoma sequelae?]. PMID- 7363390 TI - [Association of glaucoma with cataract: apropos of several cases]. PMID- 7363392 TI - [Corneal tolerance of C.A.B. contact lenses]. PMID- 7363391 TI - [Congenital deaf-mutism and ophthalmologic problems. Study of a group of deaf mute-blind and deaf-mute children with tapetoretinal degeneration]. PMID- 7363393 TI - [Calcareous band keratopathy and endocular calcifications. Ultrastructural study of the cornea]. PMID- 7363394 TI - [Spontaneous anterior annular detachment of the chorioretina. Idiopathic anterior chorioretinal effusion]. PMID- 7363396 TI - [Our experience with timolol]. PMID- 7363395 TI - [Our experience with timolol in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7363397 TI - [Nosologic boundaries between Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and inflammatory pseudotumor of the orbit: apropos of a case]. PMID- 7363398 TI - [Retinoblastoma in 2 twin sisters]. PMID- 7363399 TI - [Silverman's syndrome]. PMID- 7363400 TI - Oestrogen receptors and response to cytotoxic chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer. AB - Of 54 patients with advanced breast cancer, 21/37 (57%) with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) tumours and 11/17 (65%) with oestrogen receptor-negative (ER-) tumours responded to cytotoxic chemotherapy. These data and a survey of the literature indicate that oestrogen receptor status is not a determinant of response to chemotherapy. However, ER+ tumours seem to grow more slowly than ER- ones and the response to chemotherapy tends to be longer in ER+ patients. PMID- 7363401 TI - Rapid plasma clearance and reduced rate and extent of urinary elimination of parenterally administered methotrexate as a result of severe vomiting and diarrhoea. AB - A patient received 200 mg methotrexate IM as part of a treatment schedule for malignant melanoma. Severe vomiting and diarrhoea began shortly after treatment and persisted for 4 h. During this period the methotrexate renal clearance rate was 37 ml . min-1, increasing to 97 ml . min-1 when vomiting and diarrhoea ceased. Only 26% of the administered dose was recovered in the urine up to 48 h after treatment, whilst the plasma clearance of methotrexate assessed over the same period was 208 ml . min-1. We conclude that a considerable proportion of the dose was lost from the gastrointestinal tract during the period of vomiting and diarrhoea, and that consequently enterohepatic circulation of methotrexate plays an important role in the pharmacokinetics of the drug. PMID- 7363404 TI - Epidemiology of serious head injuries in childhood. AB - A survey of 87 serious head injuries of children from 3--14 years old revealed road traffic accidents to be the cause of most of the long-term morbidity and nearly all the mortality. Social background of these children was not significantly different from the general population in respect of class or family size, but there was an excess of children of high birth order and probably from single parent families, suggesting a lack of supervision. The need for a multidisciplinary approach to the rehabilitation of the child with severe head injury is emphasized. PMID- 7363403 TI - The clinical evaluation of analogs--III. Anthracyclines. PMID- 7363402 TI - Phase I study of ethylbis(2,2-dimethyl-1-aziridinyl) phosphinate (AB-163). AB - Ethylbis(2,2-dimethyl-1-aziridinyl)phosphinate (AB-163) was used to treat 27 patients in a phase I trial. The limiting toxicity on a weekly schedule of IV administration involved nausea and vomiting associated with a variety of cholinergic side effects, including possible seizures. A starting dose of 300- 400 mg/M2/week is suggested for a Phase II trial. One partial response in a patient with squamous-cell carcinoma of the cervix metastatic to the lungs was seen. PMID- 7363405 TI - Griffiths Scales of Mental Development and different users. AB - In a study of the inter-rater reliability of the Griffiths Mental Development Scales, the Eye-Hand Coordination and the Performance and Practical Reasoning Scales were found to show greater consistency between raters than the Locomotor, Personal-Social scale and the Hearing-Speech Scale. The latter scales were more sensitive to interpretation by different assessors, even when all viewed the same videotaped performance. No significant discrepancies were found between raters with different backgrounds and experience. PMID- 7363406 TI - Nursing assistants as co-therapists. AB - The present study was conducted in a small 20-bed hospital for severely subnormal children. Ten children who had evidenced a history of problem behaviour were the subjects of behaviour modification programmes aimed at reducing the frequency of problem behaviour. The main aim of the study was to establish if nursing assistants can become effective co-therapists. Two questions were investigated: (1) Can nursing assistants after 12 months' training have a sound knowledge of the principles of behaviour modification and (2) Can these nursing assistants effectively employ behaviour modification techniques which result in reductions of problem behaviour episodes? It is argued that although nursing assistants may have had an inadequate and erroneous knowledge of the principles of behaviour modification, they were able to employ behavioural techniques which affected reductions in the problem behaviours recorded. Clinical difficulties related to applied research of this kind are raised in discussion. PMID- 7363407 TI - A home advisory service for pre-school children with developmental delays. AB - This paper describes the development of a home advisory service for families of children with developmental difficulties. It demonstrates the transition from a research phase to routine service provision, and indicates that the expansion in numbers of families receiving the service has been achieved whilst maintaining or improving the actual quality of the service. Information is provided on the placement of children who have left the service, and on the plans for future research within the service. PMID- 7363409 TI - The relationship between the repetitive extrasystole threshold and the ventricular fibrillation threshold in the dog. Non-parallel changes following pharmacological intervention. PMID- 7363408 TI - Language enhancement in the developmentally delayed child through a cognitive/receptive mode. AB - An approach to enhancing the language comprehension of young developmentally delayed children utilizing receptive language tasks presented in a cognitive, 'problem-solving' context is described. Over a 2 year period 16 language impaired and developmentally delayed children were provided with 8 weeks of concentrated instruction in five language areas: nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions and syntax. Instruction consisted of systematic verbal stimulation without overt attempts to elicit expressive language. Responses by the subjects were in the form of motor behaviours of picture/object identifications. Results indicated a marked increase in the number of stimuli to which these children could provide appropriate responses at the end of the 8 week instructional period. The gains were also maintained 3 months after termination of instruction and the learned material was considered to have become part of these children's verbal repertoire. PMID- 7363410 TI - Cardiac responses during stimulation of the dorsal motor nucleus and nucleus ambiguus in the cat. PMID- 7363411 TI - Changes in renal vascular reactivity at various stages of deoxycorticosterone hypertension in rats. PMID- 7363412 TI - Inhibition of rat arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation by heparin. In vivo studies with anticoagulant and nonanticoagulant heparin. PMID- 7363413 TI - Comparison of the effects of regional ischemia, hypoxia, hyperkalemia, and acidosis on intracellular and extracellular potentials and metabolism in the isolated porcine heart. PMID- 7363414 TI - Effect of exogenous angiotensin II on renal hemodynamics in the awake rat. Measurement of afferent arteriolar diameter by the microsphere method. AB - We measured cardiac output (CO), renal blood flow (RBF), renal plasma flow (RPF), and afferent arteriolar diameter by the microsphere method, and inulin clearance (GFR) simultaneously in awake rats given an infusion of exogenous angiotensin II (100 ng/min per kg). Angiotensin II did not affect the CO, whereas both RBF and RPF decreased significantly in rats infused with angiotensin II (RBF, 2.88 +/- 0.11, mean +/- SE; RPF, 1.78 +/- 0.09, n = 6) when compared to control animals given saline (RBF, 4.58 +/- 0.31; RPF, 2.80 +/- 0.24 ml/min per 100 g, n = 6, both P less than 0.005, respectively). Both mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal vascular resistance (RVR) were significantly higher in rats infused with antiogensin II than in controls. The decrease in GFR did not parallel the reduction of RPF in rats infused with angiotensin II as reflected by their higher values of mean filtration fraction (41.1 +/- 1.6%, n = 6) than that of controls (33.7 +/- 2.4%, n = 6, P less than 0.05). Despite significant elevations of MAP and RVR in rats infused with angiotensin II, their mean afferent arteriolar diameter (19.6 +/- 0.24 micron) was not different from that of controls (20.1 +/- 0.39 micron). We conclude that angiotensin II preferentially acts at the site of postglomerular vasculature but not at the afferent arteriole. PMID- 7363415 TI - Electrophysiological effects of disopyramide and quinidine on guinea pig atria and canine cardiac purkinje fibers. Dependence on underlying cholinergic tone. PMID- 7363416 TI - Interrelationships of flow, intravascular pressure, and tissue perfusion in the measurement of capillary permeability to sodium in isolated dog lung lobes. PMID- 7363417 TI - Membrane and contractile properties of rat vascular tissue in copper-deficient conditions. PMID- 7363418 TI - Effects of sympathetic nerves on cerebral vessels during acute, moderate increases in arterial pressure in dogs and cats. PMID- 7363419 TI - Tension development and sarcomere length in rat cardiac trabeculae. Evidence of length-dependent activation. PMID- 7363420 TI - Synthesis and pharmacology of a noncompetitive antagonist of angiotensin-induced contractions of vascular smooth muscle. [Sarcosyl]1-[cysteinyl (s-methyl)]8 angiotensin II. AB - The synthesis of an angiotensin II (A II) antagonist, sarcosyl1-cysteinyl(S methyl)8-angiotensin II [Sar1-Cys(Me)8-A II], showing partial organ selectivity and properties of a noncompetitive antagonist, is described. The compound was found to be an extremely potent antagonist on vascular smooth muscle both in vitro (pA2 for rabbit aorta approximately equal to 9.2) and in vivo on rat blood pressure (dose ratio of 103 for ED25 mm Hg during 1 microgram/kg per min infusion of antagonist). It was without effect on norepinephrine responses in both assay systems. In contrast, it was a considerably weaker antagonist on visceral smooth muscle (pA2 for guinea pig ileum = 8.5; pA2 for rat uterus = 7.9). Interestingly, in the vascular smooth muscle preparations, the compound also exhibited elements of a noncompetitive antagonist in that both the slope and maximum of the A II dose-response curves were reduced markedly. Qualitatively similar results were obtained with sarcosyl1-alanyl8-angiotensin II (Saralasin) on rabbit aorta. Moderate depression of maximum response was seen in guinea pig ileum but not in rat uterus. These effects on vascular smooth muscle were reversible in vitro but only partially reversible in vivo. PMID- 7363422 TI - Venous return more than cardiac output? PMID- 7363421 TI - Comments on "pulmonary vascular impedance analysis of adaptation to chronically elevated blood flow in the awake dog. PMID- 7363423 TI - Origin of the atrial electrogram recorded from the esophagus. AB - The purpose of this study was to ascertain the origin of the atrial electrogram recorded on the esophageal lead. The atria and esophagus were mapped during reciprocating tachycardia in 11 patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and one patient with atrioventricular nodal reentry, and during right ventricular pacing in four additional patients. The esophagus was mapped by recording atrial electrograms at 1-cm intervals throughout the esophagus beginning at the most distal area where atrial depolarization was seen. The retrograde atrial activation time recorded on the esophageal lead in its distal position occurred at the same time as atrial septal depolarization in all patients. In 14 of 16 patients, the distal esophageal ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction time was also the shortest esophageal VA conduction time recorded. In two of five patients with left lateral accessory pathways, the shortest esophageal VA conduction time was noted during pullback of the lead from the esophagus instead of at the most distal area. The most likely explanation for this was an unusual anatomic relationship between the esophagus and left atrium in these two patients. We conclude that 1) the most distal esophageal atrial electrogram probably records posterior paraseptal atrial depolarization; 2) it is unusual to record clearly identifiable left atrial activation in the esophagus; and 3) the esophageal lead is not useful in locating left-sided accessory pathways. PMID- 7363424 TI - Methods for recording electrograms of the sinoatrial node during cardiac surgery in man. AB - Recent reports have shown that it is possible to record extracellular electrograms from the rabbit and dog sinoatrial (SA) node. We applied similar techniques to record SA nodal activity in 23 patients who underwent cardiac surgery for various forms of heart disease. Both a bipolar technique, using pairs of electrodes at various interelectrode distances, and a unipolar technique, using an exploring and an indifferent electrode, were used. To record SA nodal electrograms, polarity was reversed from the conventional electrocardiographic recording; high amplification (100 microV/cm) and low-pass filters (0.15-20 Hz) were used. SA nodal electrograms were recorded from eight of 12 patients using the bipolar method and from nine of 11 patients using the unipolar method. There were no significant differences in the success rate or quality of the recording between the two methods. However, the unipolar method allowed a more accurate localization of the SA node. Human SA nodal electrograms resembled those of the dog and rabbit and showed two distinct slopes: a diastolic slope and an upstroke slope preceding the P wave of the ECG, SA conduction times were 32.4 +/- 2.8 msec (mean +/- SEM) at sinus (PP) cycle lengths of 587.6 +/- 35.6 msec for the bipolar method, and 38.2 +/- 3.2 msec at sinus (PP) cycle lengths of 712.2 +/- 50.7 msec for the unipolar method. These methods for recording of extracellular SA nodal electrograms in man may prove useful in 1) localization of the SA node during open heart surgery and 2) assessment of SA nodal function in health and disease. PMID- 7363425 TI - Unmasking of ventricular preexcitation by vagal stimulation or isoproterenol administration. AB - Twenty-one patients were studied in whom ventricular preexcitation (VP) had been recorded in the past and had later disappeared, indicating antegrade block in the accessory pathway (AP), either spontaneously (10 patients) or under the effect of chronic treatment with amiodarone (11 patients). VP reappeared in nine cases during vagal stimulation, and in five cases during an i.v. isoproterenol infusion. Retrograde conduction over the AP was studied in four of the remaining seven patients and was found to be present in three and absent in one. Although these patients differ from the ordinary patient with concealed AP in that antegrade preexcitation had been demonstrated in the past, this study suggests that concealed VP may result from the following mechanisms: 1) an extremely prolonged refractory period in the AP, causing a rate-dependent VP that can be identified during vagal stimulation; 2) a rate-independent depression of antegrade conduction that can be reversed by isoproterenol; 3) a depression of conduction that is apparently no longer reversible. Only in the latter case is a study of retrograde conduction needed to identify the concealed VP. These three mechanisms are likely to be a natural sequence of events leading to complete antegrade block in the AP. PMID- 7363426 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of mitral stenosis using diastolic posterior left ventricular wall motion. AB - The slope of the posterior left ventricular wall motion in diastole (LVDS) was determined by echocardiography in 25 normal subjects and 21 patients with mitral stenosis. Patients with mitral stenosis had reduced LVDS that was related to the degree of mitral stenosis determined by calculated mitral valve area (r = 0.92). The mitral valve area correlated more closely with the LVDS than with the left atrial emptying index derived from the posterior aortic wall motion. Three patients with mitral stenosis had an increased LVDS after mitral valvotomy or mitral valve replacement. One patient with a stenotic mitral valve prosthesis had reduced LVDS. The results of this study suggest that analysis of the LVDS would be useful in predicting the severity of mitral stenosis and may be beneficial in evaluating patients with suspected prosthetic mitral valve malfunction. PMID- 7363427 TI - Echo-phonocardiographic determination of left atrial and left ventricular filling pressures with and without mitral stenosis. PMID- 7363428 TI - Hypoplastic and fibrotic sinus node associated with intractable tachycardia in a neonate. AB - A case of fetal and neonatal persistent atrial tachycardia is described in a child with complete transposition of the great arteries. At autopsy, serial sections of the conducting tissue showed that the sinus node was hypoplastic and markedly fibrotic. The sinus node consisted of a small area of cells clustered around the nodal artery. Although the underlying mechanism of neonatal persistent tachycardia is unclear, it is possible that the hypoplasia and fibrosis of the sinus node was the substrate in the present case. This mechanism should be considered in any newborn infant in whom sinus rhythm cannot be established. PMID- 7363430 TI - M-mode vs cross-sectional echo for bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 7363429 TI - LV volumes and EF by echo. PMID- 7363431 TI - Large RV plus small LV is not single RV. PMID- 7363432 TI - Low-level ECG potentials from body surface maps. PMID- 7363433 TI - Effect of atrial septal defect repair on left ventricular geometry and degree of mitral valve prolapse. AB - To ascertain the effects of surgical closure of atrial septal defect on left ventricular geometry and degree of mitral prolapse, 14 patients with atrial septal defect were studied by cross-sectional and M-mode echocardiography preoperatively and 7 days postoperatively. Seven of the 14 patients (50%) had mitral valve prolapse preoperatively by cross-sectional echocardiography. To quantitate the degree of prolapse, we measured the net algebraic area subtended by the apposed mitral valve leaflets in systole (MVAS) with respect to the mitral ring. The mitral valve prolapse group had an MVAS of 0.3 +/- 3.1 units (mean +/- SEM) preoperatively, while the group without mitral valve prolapse had an MVAS of 12.5 +/- 3.1 units (p less than 0.02). Postoperatively, prolapse either decreased in degree or was abolished in six of seven patients (86%), associated with an increase in MVAS to 14.7 +/- 4.4 units (p less than 0.02). In all patients, septal curvature in diastole on short-axis view normalized either partially or completely postoperatively, resulting in decreased left ventricular eccentricity (1.34 +/- 0.06 preop vs. 1.06 +/- 0.07 postop, p less than 0.001). Atrial septal defect closure, therefore, leads to normalization of left ventricular geometry and in patients with evidence of mitral valve prolapse, is associated with a decrease in the degree of prolapse. PMID- 7363434 TI - Responses of normal children and young adults to controlled bicycle exercise. AB - Exercise responses were obtained from 149 children and young adults (average age 14.5 years) and divided by sex and body surface area (BSA): children with BSA less than 1 m2; children with BSA 1--1.19 m2; males with BSA greater than or equal to 1.2 m2; and females with BSA greater than or equal to 1.2 m2. Total work, mean and maximal power outputs were more affected by body size (height) than age in children with BSA less than 1 m2 and in males and females with BSA greater than or equal to 1.2 m2. Mean systolic pressure increased up to 64% above the preexercise supine value at peak effort, with the level of mean maximal systolic pressure having a positive relationship with body size (height), power output and preexercise sitting systolic pressure in all subgroups except children with BSA 1--1.19 m2. Mean diastolic pressure increased up to 24% above the preexercise supine value at peak effort. ST-segment depression of 1--2 mm was recorded in 12.1% (18 of 149) of the population at peak exercise. These changes occurred in 8.9% of all males and in 16.9% of all females (p greater than 0.1). The data from this study reveal the importance of sex and body size in the clinical interpretation of exercise responses in growing subjects, provide a reference for objective evaluation of subjects with or without cardiac abnormalities and provide a guide for careful monitoring of subjects during an exercise study. PMID- 7363435 TI - Short- and long-term efficacy of a calcium-antagonistic agent (nifedipine) combined with methyldopa in the treatment of severe hypertension. PMID- 7363436 TI - The effect of concurrent oral administration of propranolol and disopyramide on cardiac function in healthy men. AB - Sixteen healthy men were evaluated for left ventricular performance changes and beta-blockade after therapeutic oral doses of disopyramide and propranolol administered alone and concurrently. The volunteers were randomly assigned to receive one of two drug treatment regimens that differed in the sequence and duration of administration of the drugs. Left ventricular function was assessed by echocardiographically determined ejection fraction (EF) and systolic time intervals. Beta-blockade was assessed by changes in exercise heart rate. Both disopyramide and propranolol exhibited negative inotropic activity, as evidenced by significant, although clinically inconsequential, decreases in EF and increases in the ratio of preejection period to left ventricular ejection time. The negative inotropic effects of a single 200-mg dose of disopyramide and an 80 mg dose of propranolol were comparable, while chronic disopyramide therapy (200 mg every 6 hours for 1 week) had a greater negative inotropic effect than chronic propranolol therapy (80 mg every 8 hours for 1 week). Only propranolol had beta adrenoceptor blocking activity. When the drugs were administered concurrently, the negative inotropic effects of oral propranolol and disopyramide were neither additive nor synergistic. PMID- 7363438 TI - Value and limitations of segmental analysis of stress thallium myocardial imaging for localization of coronary artery disease. PMID- 7363437 TI - Use of catheter-tip velocity--pressure transducer to evaluate left ventricular function in man: effects of intravenous propranolol. AB - A catheter-tip velocity transducer with two high-fidelity pressure manometers was used to evaluate the left ventricular (LV) hemodynamic effects of intravenous propranolol (10 mg). Nine patients without clinical evidence of heart failure were studied. Pulsatile ascending aortic blood flow velocity and pressure and LV pressure were measured continuously during drug administration. Beat-to-beat changes in stroke volume index, stroke work index, LV end-diastolic pressure, maximum blood flow velocity and acceleration, and maximum LV dP/dt were determined. Propranolol produced a decrease in maximum blood flow velocity (from 58 +/- 4.7 to 42 +/- 5.1 cm/sec, p less than 0.002), and acceleration (from 1181 +/- 130 to 847 +/- 117 cm/sec2, p less than 0.002, max dP/dt (from 1361 +/- 70 to 1146 +/- 63 mm Hg/sec, p less than 0.002), stroke volume index (from 47 +/- 3.0 to 38 +/- 3.2 ml/m2, p less than 0.002) and total stroke work index (from 702 +/- 33 to 603 +/- 44 mJ/m2 p less than 0.04), with little change in mean aortic pressure, peak systolic pressure and LV end-diastolic pressure. Depression in myocardial function was detectable within 1 minute after initiation of propranolol and persisted when negative chronotropic effects were eliminated by atrial pacing. The multisensor catheter technique allows rapid and safe detection of changes in cardiovascular function during propranolol administration in conscious man. PMID- 7363442 TI - Report of a meeting on allergic diseases. Geneva, 24-28 July 1978. PMID- 7363440 TI - Exercise-induced ST-segment elevation. Correlation of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scanning and coronary arteriography. PMID- 7363441 TI - Value of early thallium-201 scintigraphy for predicting mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7363439 TI - Scintigraphic detection of carotid atherosclerosis with indium-111-labeled autologous platelets. AB - Using autologous platelets labeled with indium-111-oxine, we studied the localization of platelets on arterial lesions by radionuclide scintigraphy in 34 patients with suspected cerebrovascular disease. The imaging results were compared with the findings of contrast angiography in 23 patients, 16 of whom were receiving antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant drugs during the platelet imaging study. Angiography demonstrated atherosclerotic lesions at 33 sites in the extracranial arteries of 16 of these patients. There was accumulation of 111In-platelets at 20 of these sites (61%) and at three other sites without definite angiographic abnormalities. Lesions with stenoses less than 50% were slightly more frequent than those with greater stenosis (68% vs 45%). The frequency of true-positive scintigraphic results was slightly higher in patients not treated with antithrombotic agents than in those on such drugs (70% vs 57%). Our results suggest that imaging with 111In-labeled autologous platelets may be useful for evaluating the pathophysiologic characteristics of atherosclerotic lesions in patients with cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 7363443 TI - Clinical significance of total serum IgE determination in screening of Iranian Russian thistle pollen hypersensitive individuals. AB - Total serum IgE concentrations of normal and Russian thistle (Salsola pestifer) pollen hypersensitive individuals were determined in an Iranian population, using the solid phase radioimmunoassay technique. The mean values were 963.7 and 885.3 ng/ml, respectively, which are much higher than normal values given for non Iranian populations. In addition, no significant differences were found between observed values (P = 0.1) for normal and allergic individuals. The effect of common parasitic infestation in the Iranian population in causing high serum IgE levels is discussed. PMID- 7363444 TI - Detection of castor allergens in castor wax. AB - The presence of castor bean allergens in castor wax products was determined by in vivo and in vitro analysis of castor wax extracts. Allergens were detected in one extract of castor wax by the PCA reaction in mice, the RAST inhibition reaction, and skin prick test in castor bean sensitive individuals. However, these allergens in the wax were of much lower potency than those in the bean, and were not detectable in a deodorant product utilizing castor wax. PMID- 7363445 TI - Effect of FPL57787 in exercise-induced asthma. AB - In ten patients with extrinsic asthma the effects of a new oral chromone FPL57787 and placebo were studied in a random double-blind fashion to assess the effect of FPL57787 in preventing exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Exercise testing consisted of steady state running on an inclined treadmill for up to 8 min. FPL57787 gave significant protection (P less 0.01) compared to placebo from the maximum percentage fall in FEV1, FVC and MMEF after exercise. FPL57787 also produced a small but significant (P less than 0.01) percentage increase in FEV1 2 hr after the drug compared to placebo, whereas no significant increase was seen in FVC or in MMEF. PMID- 7363446 TI - A prospective national study of the safety of immunotherapy. AB - A prospective study was made in France to determine the frequency, nature, causes and consequences of systemic reactions occurring during specific immunotherapy. One hundred and fifty five reactions were recorded in 151, 997, injections given to 19,739 patients; a percentage of 0.1. It was higher with pollen extracts (0.2%) and practically nil with other extracts (house dust, Dermatophagoides, insect body, bacteria). Asthma, spasmodic rhinitis and urticaria were the most frequent, 80% of systemic reactions. In 59% no explanation could be found. The main known causes of adverse reactions were excessive doses of antigen, improper timing of treatment or incorrect technique of injection. After appropriate treatment the immunotherapy was continued in nearly 90% of the cases. Specific immunotherapy with the majority of extracts now being used, namely adsorbed extracts, is not dangerous but it must be precisely and cautiously done because errors are responsible for nearly 50% of the recorded systemic reactions. PMID- 7363448 TI - Comparison of standardization techniques for manual colorimetric analyses. AB - The influence of both the mode of standardization and the type of standard on the precision of four manual colorimetric methods performed under optimal conditions variance is described. The terms variable calibration mode and constant calibration mode are proposed; these describe standardization by within-run standards and standardization by a predetermined calibration relationship between concentration and absorbance that remains constant over a fixed period of time. We show that calibration relationships and mode of standardization must be established for each and every individual method on objective evidence. Where within-run standards are used, they must be carefully selected for each method. The implications for method evaluation and quality control are discussed. PMID- 7363449 TI - Identification of misused drugs in the clinical laboratory. I. Tricyclics. AB - A systematic approach evaluating the abuse of tricyclic drugs in the hospital emergency room from the laboratory point of view is presented. This comprehensive screen involves qualitative colorimetric tests, ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Laboratories with varying facilities and resources can adapt the present screen. Amitriptyline, doxepin, loxapine and desipramine misuse were identified and confirmed using the proposed methodology in 14 cases. Increasing misuse of tricyclic antidepressants requires that the clinical laboratory have a systematic approach to identify and confirm the presence of these drugs in emergency room patients. PMID- 7363447 TI - Asthma prevalence in Tokelauan children in two environments. AB - The prevalence of asthma has been studied in Tokelauan children aged 0--14 years in two environments--Tokelau and New Zealand. Only 11.0% of the 706 children examined in Tokelau were classified as asthmatic, whereas 25.3% of the 1,160 children seen in New Zealand were asthmatic. For those children examined in New Zealand there was no significant difference in the prevalence of asthma between those children who were born in New Zealand and those who were born in Tolelau. PMID- 7363450 TI - Unusually high creatine kinase BB isoenzyme and study of lactate dehydrogenase pattern in metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. AB - We report a case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate with widespread bony and hepatic involvement having extremely high BB isoenzyme of creatine kinase in serum (2405 U/liter). The serum LD5/LD1 ratio is greater than one, with total LD activity more than twenty-five fold the normal value. The homogenate of prostate gland of the patient shows an extra band with electrophoretic mobility between MM and MB isoenzymes of creatine kinase and highly elevated LD5 fraction compared to LD1 (33% vs. 9%), a remarkable LD isoenzyme pattern of malignant prostate tissue. PMID- 7363451 TI - Utilization of a glycol-stabilized liquid NAD for the measurement of three enzymes on the GEMSAEC. AB - Some analytical parameters have been investigated for a recently described stabilized liquid coenzyme technology in which water-free NAD is dissolved in 1,2 propanediol. Correlation for 108 specimens assayed for AST, ALT and LD with a reference method in which glycol-based NAD was absent was greater than or equal to 0.998 with near identical reproducibility over a period of at least 107 days. Mean recovery of exogenous serum enzymes in this linear kinetic assay is 103%. With the option of mixing only the volume of reagent needed for the enzymatic assay, waste can be eliminated as compared to more costly preparations stabilized by lyophilization. Hazards from an impure water supply are avoided since no reconstituting volume is required. PMID- 7363452 TI - Performance characteristics of the Coulter Kem-O-Lab. AB - We evaluated the performance characteristics of the Coulter Kem-O-Lab for the measurements of calcium, inorganic phosphate, total protein, albumin, glucose and urea nitrogen in serum. The precision on replicates agreed with those claimed by the manufacturer. All methods showed acceptable total precision measured over a four-week period, except for urea nitrogen. There was significant correlation between the Kem-O-Lab and routine methods, but the slope was significantly different from unity for calcium, total protein and urea nitrogen indicating a bias in their determinations. While turbidity and hemoglobin significantly interfered with measurements in all methods, bilirubin interference was observed only for total protein and glucose. There were no interferences due to any of the nine drugs tested. PMID- 7363453 TI - Comparison of plasma creatinine determined with the Greiner Selective Analyser GSA II and the glomerular filtration rate. AB - 1. Reference values for the plasma creatinine were established using the alkaline picrate method with the Greiner Selective Analyzer GSA II in relation to the Cr 51-EDTA Clearance. Individuals with normal GFR between 93 to 159 ml/min/1.73 m2 had creatinine values in men (n = 65) from 53.7 to 119.5 mumol/l (0.61 to 1.35 mg/100 ml) and in women (n = 59) from 37.7 to 107 mumol/l (0.42 to 121 mg/100 ml). 2. The creatine determinations with the GSA II were compared to those on the Technicon Analyzer, the Beckman Creatinine Analyzer, the Gemsaec-Fast Analyzer and to the enzymatic creatinine method. A good correlation (r = 0.9780-0.984) was observed. 3. With the GSA II and the enzymatic method, bilirubin showed a minor interference which was more marked with the Beckman analyzer. PMID- 7363454 TI - An assessment of Stat Tek: a reagent-strip method for glucose determination. AB - Stat Tek, a reagent--strip method for glucose determination, has been evaluated. Aqueous solution of glucose standard is not recommended. The linearity of serum glucose is between 630 to 3,450 mg/l. The within run precision is between 0.7% to 3.0%. The day-to-day precision is between 2.8% to 5.6%. The recovery of glucose added to serum is between 95 to 101%. The correlation of glucose by Stat-Tek and SMA 6/60 show small proportional and constant errors. Stat-Tek is simple and easy to use; however, proper quality control and training of the user are essential for the correct measurement of glucose. PMID- 7363455 TI - Three automated quantitative assays for serum proteins. AB - Three quantitative assays for detection of proteins are reported. One is an adaptation to the Auto-Analyzer of the widely used method of Lowry et al. In another procedure, the product of the reaction of proteins with a modified biuret reacts with the phosphomolybdic--phosphotungstic reagent of Folin and Ciocalteu. The third method, performed on hydrolyzed sample, is based on the measurement of proline (Pro) and the conversion of the Pro content into protein. The universal presence of proline in serum proteins suggested this assay. The values for total serum proteins as assayed by the three procedures are similar. The second and the third assay for proteins, described in this paper, can also be performed manually. Studies on interfering substances and their elimination as well as on the sensitivity of the assays are reported. PMID- 7363456 TI - Comparison of CK-MB activity by antibody inhibition reaction and column chromatography. PMID- 7363457 TI - IFCC documents and interpretation of SI units--an adaptable solution. PMID- 7363458 TI - On the use of statistical models of within-person variation in long-term studies of healthy individuals. PMID- 7363460 TI - Radioimmunoassay of thyroxine in 10 microliters of serum, with use of aggregated antithyroxine antibodies. AB - We describe a sensitive radioimmunoassay for rapidly determining the concentration of thyroxine in 10 microL of human serum. Aggregated antithyroxine antibodies are used to separate bound and free hormone. This speeds the assay and economizes on reagents without loss of sensitivity, specificity, or precision. Results for normal subjects and patients with thyroid disease agree well with those obtained by other, well-established techniques. PMID- 7363459 TI - Amniotic fluid phospholipids measured by continuous-development thin-layer chromatography. AB - We describe a one-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic system for separation of amniotic fluid phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylethanolamine in amniotic fluid. We utilize short-bed continuous development and "high performance" thin-layer chromatography. Phospholipids are detected with an antimony molybdate staining reagent and quantitated by transmittance densitometry. This system is more sensitive to changes in lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios than are planimetric evaluations. PMID- 7363461 TI - Hemoglobin determined in 15 microL of whole blood by "front-face" fluorometry. AB - We describe the rapid, inexpensive fluorometry of hemoglobin in undiluted whole blood. The procedure consists only of adding a standard quantity of a fluorescent dye to a measured volume (approximately 15 microL) of blood, together with some solubilizing detergent. The assay is based on the attenuation of the dye's fluorescence (excited within the region 400--440 nm) that results from the competitive absorption of exciting light by the hemoglobin present--the "inner filter effect." The wavelength that one can use is optional and will determine which dyes can be used. Measurements are made with the hematofluorometer, a "front-face" filter fluorometer (Blumberg et al., J. Lab. Clin. Med. 89: 712- 723, 1977). We demonstrate the validity of the method for two dyes, rhodamine B and fluorescein dibutyrate, which we used with hematofluorometers that were designed to determine blood zinc protoporphyrin and bilirubin, respectively. Our method exhibited a standard error of about 4 g of hemoglobin per liter vs the comparison method (Coulter Counter method, for which the CV is 1.2%). The CV is about 3%. The method seems appropriate for "field" use (i.e., use outside the laboratory) in anemia-screening programs. PMID- 7363463 TI - Simplified radioimmunoassay of bradykinin in human plasma. AB - A greatly simplified radioimmunoassay for bradykinin in human plasma is described. Current techniques require multiple chromatographic steps or extraction procedures with analytical recoveries of bradykinin of often less than 60%. We present a method in which bradykinin is separated from components of higher relative molecular mass (including kininogens) in a single step, by use of a column of Sephadex G-25 medium (PD-10). The mean analytical recovery of tritiated bradykinin added to plasma is 85.5% (SD, 3.5%). The sensitivity of this radioimmunoassay is 25 pg per assay tube, equivalent to 125 ng per liter of plasma. Twenty to 30 blood samples may be completely processed and assayed within 6 h. As determined with this technique, concentrations of bradykinin in plasma from apparently normal subjects ranged from 2.5 to 5.2 microgram/L (mean 4.2, SD 1.1 microgram/L); these values are consistent with previously reported normal values. PMID- 7363462 TI - Effects of metal ions on the measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity. PMID- 7363465 TI - Gas-chromatographic analysis for phencyclidine in plasma, with use of a nitrogen detector. AB - We describe a reliable gas-chromatographic analysis for unchanged phencyclidine in human plasma, with use of a nitrogen detector. The assay is sufficiently sensitive to permit measurement of as little as 5 microgram of the drug per liter, in 2 mL of plasma. Phencyclidine is extracted from plasma at pH 10.5 into hexane/iso-amyl alcohol containing meperidine as the internal standard, back extracted into dilute HCl, and re-extracted into hexane/iso-amyl alcohol after alkalinization of the HCl. The coefficients of variation for the analysis at respective concentrations of 100 and 200 microgram/L are: within-run 4.0% and 3.4%; between-run, 2.8% and 5.2%. This procedure, used in our laboratory for more than one year, has been applied to plasma from numerous individuals with nonfatal phencyclidine intoxication. Some representative examples are given. PMID- 7363464 TI - Prostate-specific acid phosphatase: re-evaluation of radioimmunoassay in diagnosing prostatic disease. AB - The availability of a radioimmunoassay for prostate-specific acid phosphatase has allowed a correlative study between this technique and conventional colorimetric assays in the four clinical stages of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Results of such a study show an increased diagnostic sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay in all stages, but in 14% of Stage IV adenocarcinomas there was no increase in prostatic acid phosphatase above the ranges ordinarily expected for all methods. In cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, there was an increase associated with in vivo tissue cytolysis, comparable to Stage II and III adenocarcinoma. The sensitivity of the test in Stage I is still low, but testing for combinations of tumor markers might increase the diagnostic yield. Conversely, a different clinical approach might be to establish baseline values in the "at-risk" patient, followed by regular determinations of prostate-specific acid phosphatase activity. Increases in activity within the normal expected range may be interpreted by the clinician as a herald of disease. PMID- 7363466 TI - Alkaline phosphatase of high and low molecular mass in human serum and bile: a comparative study of kinetic properties. AB - We studied the kinetic properties of high- and low-molecular-mass forms of alkaline phosphatase purified from serum and bile, to clarify their interrelationships. They were found to share virtually identical kinetic properties, and to obey the same general kinetics as the liver-derived isoenzyme from serum and the low-molecular-mass isoenzyme from bile with regard to optimum conditions of assay, activation by magnesium ions, inhibition by L-homoarginine, inhibition by nickel and zinc ions, and inactivation by urea. Most of the characteristics such as Km (at low magnesium ion concentrations), Ki for L homoarginine, and half-life for urea inactivation, were closely similar for low- and high-molecular-mass alkaline phosphatase. We conclude that these forms of alkaline phosphatase in plasma and bile are closely related. We discuss the possible nature of this relationship. PMID- 7363467 TI - Accuracy, precision, and stability in measurement of hemoglobin A1C by "high performance" cation-exchange chromatography. AB - We present a "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic method for determination of HbA1c with use of a carboxylate cation-exchange column, ethanolic mobile phases, and a hemolysate-storage reagent that stabilizes a sample for up to five weeks at 4 degrees C. Temperature control and the addition of ethanol to the phosphate step-gradient increase precision by stabilizing peak shape and column activity. Lengthy equilibration of the column between samples is not necessary, because the pKa of the cation-exchange resin is decreased from 6.10 in aqueous media to 5.59 in ethanol/water (5/95 by vol) at 25 degrees C. We identified interfering heme compounds, distinct from HbA1d or HbA1e, that elute with the glycosylated hemoglobins and developed a method of correcting for their presence. The day-to-day coefficient of variation was 3.5%, and the reference interval for a mixed group of 20 healthy adults between the ages of 20 and 56 was 3.2--5.2% HbA1c. PMID- 7363468 TI - Conditions affecting the colorimetry of orotic acid and orotidine in urine. AB - We studied conditions affecting a colorimetric assay of total orotic acid (orotic acid plus orotidine) in urine. Most interfering substances can be conveniently removed on a small column of cation-exchange resin, and an improved control reaction corrects for residual background color. Analytical recovery from urine is nearly complete (greater than 95%) and the absorption spectrum for analyte eluted from the column closely resembles that for an orotic acid standard. We determined reference intervals for total orotic acid, expressed as a molar ratio to creatinine, for neonates, children, and adults, and assessed the effect of age, protein intake, and pregnancy. The method is simple enough to use as a reliable and accurate urine-screening test. PMID- 7363469 TI - Nonspecific binding as a source of error in thyrotropin radioimmunoassay with polyethylene glycol as separating agent. AB - We investigated the effects of nonspecific binding on thyrotropin values obtained by radioimmunoassay in which polyethylene glycol is used as precipitant. Differences in nonspecific binding among individual samples were significant (F test, p less than 0.001, range 5.5 to 14.1%). Non-specific binding and total serum protein were directly correlated (r = 0.472, n = 59; p less than 0.001). Nonspecific binding increased with increasing concentrations of globulins but showed no relation to albumin concentration. If globulin concentration was less than 15 g/L, precipitation of the antigen--antibody complex by polyethylene glycol was incomplete. The mean value for thyrotropin in sera from 67 healthy subjects was 2.7 (SD 0.3) milli-international units per liter (milli-int. unit/L) without individual serum nonspecific binding correction, significantly (p less than 0.005) higher than that with nonspecific binding correction (1.6, SD 0.1, milli-int. unit/L). Evidently, inter-sample variations in nonspecific binding may cause significant errors under these conditions, which can be minimized by taking into account the individual nonspecific binding of each serum sample. PMID- 7363471 TI - Binding of IgG and other proteins to microfilters. AB - We evaluated 10 microfilters for their ability to filter diluted sera without removing immunoglobulins (Ig) G, A, and M, albumin, and transferrin. In general, filters containing cellulose nitrate remove IgG from solution, the amount adsorbed being proportional to the IgG concentration in the solution. With some sera we noted IgA and IgM adsorption to cellulose-nitrate-containing filters, but there was no significant adsorption of albumin or transferrin to any of the filters. We also found that cellulose-nitrate filters adsorbed IgG from antiserum, with consequent loss of titre as seen in a nephelometric assay. Adsorption of IgG was not seen if the filters were prewashed with polyethylene glycol or if the antisera contained polyethylene glycol. With a sufficiently large antibody excess in the nephelometric assay, this loss of titre through filtration becomes undetectable. PMID- 7363470 TI - Continuous-flow (Autoanalyzer I) analysis for plasma thiocyanate as an index to tobacco smoking. AB - We describe a procedure for determining thiocyanate in plasma with a Technicon AutoAnalyzer I, modified with a 50-mm tubular flow cell to increase the sensitivity of thiocyanate detection. The procedure is suitable for distinguishing cigarette smokers from non-smokers, the mean for smokers being 151 (SD 43) micromol/L and for non-smokers 62 (SD 19) micromol/L. PMID- 7363474 TI - An interlaboratory study of creatine kinase and creatine kinase isoenzymes. PMID- 7363472 TI - Measurement of anticonvulsants in serum by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography. AB - We describe a method for the simultaneous liquid-chromatographic determination of ethosuximide, ethylphenacemide, primidone, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and phenytoin in serum. The drugs, together with an internal standard, are extracted into ethyl acetate at pH 7.0. The extract is analyzed isocratically at ambient temperature on a reversed-phase column of "SAS Hypersil" with a mobile phase of acetonitrile/tetrabutyl ammonium phosphate solution (2/8 by volume). The eluted drugs are detected by their absorption at 200 nm, and quantitated from their peak heights as compared with those of extracted standards. The day-to-day CV of the method varied between 5.1 and 9.6% for concentrations ranging from less than therapeutic to toxic. The results, when compared with those by gas chromatography, gave correlation coefficients of 0.936 for phenytoin, 0.977 for phenobarbital, and 0.939 for primidone. No drug interference was found except that amobarbital and ethylphenacemide co-chromatographed. PMID- 7363473 TI - Pre-precipitated and solid-phase second antibody compared in radioimmunoassay. AB - We describe simple methods for preparing and determining the titer of pre precipitated second antibody. We compared the performance of this type of insolubilized second antibody with that of a commercially available solid-phase second antibody (DASP) for separation of reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) and for thyrotropin radioimmunoassays. Equilibrium time for both reagents was about 30 min, considerably briefer than for the usual second-antibody procedure. Within assay precision was improved and percentages of nonspecific binding (mean and SD) were lower if pre-precipitated second antibody was used in both assays [rT3 pre precipitate = 1.48 (SD 0.16), rT3 DASP = 3.76 (SD 0.22); thyrotropin pre precipitate = 1.45 (SD 0.18), thyrotropin DASP = 3.45 (SD 0.26)]. The cost of DASP was three to 10 times that of pre-precipitated second antibody prepared with commercially available products. PMID- 7363475 TI - Lack of relationship between Mg2+ and K+ concentrations in serum. PMID- 7363476 TI - Extraction procedure for measuring anticonvulsant drugs by liquid chromatography. PMID- 7363477 TI - Separation and quantitation of theophylline and paraxanthine by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. PMID- 7363479 TI - Simplified colorimetry of urinary homovanillic acid. PMID- 7363478 TI - Glycosylation of hemoglobin S and hemoglobin C. PMID- 7363480 TI - Evaluation of a kit for measuring tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 7363482 TI - Determination of manganese in whole blood and serum. PMID- 7363481 TI - Compression of sample-line air segments--a source of error in the Technicon SMAC system. PMID- 7363483 TI - Bedside estimation of plasma lactate. PMID- 7363484 TI - More nearly specific fluorometry of theophylline in serum. PMID- 7363486 TI - Total creatinine content of the first morning urine is independent of dietary change. PMID- 7363485 TI - Comments on a case report on myocardial infarction. PMID- 7363487 TI - Effects of diseases on clinical laboratory tests. PMID- 7363488 TI - The treatment of tinnitus. PMID- 7363489 TI - Observations on the epidemiology of oesophageal carcinoma in the province of Trieste. AB - After describing the enormous variation in incidence of oesophageal carcinoma in different populations, the authors report data on the incidence of carcinoma of the oesophagus in the province of Trieste, Italy. There is a high incidence in men, this being among the highest in the world, excluding areas with so-called 'endemic' disease. On the other hand, the incidence in women is low, even compared to other European regions. The epidemiological data reveal in particular that, in the province of Trieste, carcinoma of the oesophagus affects predominantly young and middle aged men. This may be related to high alcohol and tobacco consumption. PMID- 7363491 TI - Nasopharyngeal cancer: a clinical study with special reference to age and occupation. AB - A survey of 63 patients with malignant tumour of the nasopharynx, treated over a 20-year period (1958-1977) is presented. The major types of tumour were squamous cell and anaplastic carcinoma (including lymphoepithelioma) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In some patients other tumours were found, such as cylindroma, rhabdomyosarcoma and extramedullary plasmocytoma. A particularly high incidence of men younger than 40 years was seen with carcinoma and an occupation in a particular branch of industry, indicated as 'metallurgic or allied' (light engineering factories, garages etc). 60Co irradiation was the primary therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was used in lymphoma or sarcoma. The survival was significantly better in the younger age group as far as carcinoma is concerned. The possible role of occupational factors is discussed in relation to findings in the literature. PMID- 7363490 TI - 'Costen's syndrome'--correlation or coincidence: a review of 45 patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction, otalgia and other aural symptoms. AB - Forty-five patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and otalgia together with other aural symptoms (deafness, tinnitus, pressure/blockage and vertigo) were evaluated clinically and audiometrically. The theoretical mechanisms by which aural symptoms may be produced as a result of temporomandibular joint dysfunction are outlined and discussed in the light of the patients under review. The wide diversity in the incidence of additional aural symptoms apart from otalgia reported in the literature is noted, together with the general lack of full objective audiometric assessment. In 37 patients the aural symptoms were directly attributable to other coincidental otolaryngological pathology. Details of the remaining 8 cases are presented. The other aural symptoms of 4 of these patients were also probably accounted for by other coincidental otalaryngological pathology. It may be significant that 2 of the other patients were suffering from concurrent psychiatric disorders. Thus in this series at least 9% of the patients were considered to have other aural symptoms coincidental to temporomandibular joint dysfunction. This is compatible with the relatively common occurrence of both temporomandibular joint dysfunction and aural symptoms in the general population. This study leads us to believe that there is no direct aetiological basis to link temporomandibular joint dysfunction and other aural symptoms apart from otalgia. PMID- 7363493 TI - Oto-rhino-laryngological Research Society (ORS). Abstracts of the meeting held at the Institute of Laryngology and Otology, London, on 5 October 1979. PMID- 7363494 TI - Correspondenc. PMID- 7363492 TI - Management of velopharyngeal incompetence in dysarthria: a historical review. PMID- 7363495 TI - Spontaneous and X-ray induced chromosomal aberrations in selected connective tissue diseases. AB - Chromosome studies were performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes of 28 patients with connective tissue disease (6 with progressive systemic sclerosis, 6 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 6 with anti-nuclear antibody positive rheumatoid arthritis, 6 with anti-nuclear antibody negative rheumatoid arthritis, and 4 with mixed connective tissue disease) and on 17 controls to determine the frequency of spontaneous as well as X-ray (75 rads) induced aberrations. The mean spontaneous chromosomal aberration frequency for the 28 patients (9.1%) was significantly (P = 0.038) greater than that of controls (6.4%). When patients were categorized into specific clinically designated connective tissue disease subdivisions for comparison with the controls, only X-irradiated cells from the progressive systemic sclerosis group displayed significantly elevated levels of total chromosomal aberrations over those of the control group. The X-irradiated lymphocytes from these patients had an average of 23.6% aberrations per patient, while those of the control group showed an average of 14.9% per patient (P less than 0.05). PMID- 7363496 TI - Penetrance estimates and recurrence risks for fibromuscular dysplasia. AB - The mode of transmission, penetrance, birth order and sex bias effects are analyzed for fibromuscular dysplasia data. These analyses were done to facilitate genetic counseling for this disease. PMID- 7363497 TI - Upper limb anomalies and renal disease. AB - Two brothers with upper limb and renal anomalies have been identified. Their upper limb abnormalities were characterized by absence and hypoplasia of various bones; their renal anomalies included crossed-fused ectopia and vesico-ureteral reflux. Both suffered from chronic kidney failure secondary to reflux nephropathy. An autosomal or sex-linked mode of inheritance seems likely. PMID- 7363499 TI - The spectrum of frontonasal dysplasia in an inbred pedigree. AB - An inbred pedigree is described in which three members were affected with FND (Frontonasal Dysplasia). Two of these individuals were products of a consanguineous mating with an inbreeding coefficient of F = 0.0391. The third affected individual (propositus), was born to a marriage in which the coefficient of inbreeding was 0.0742. The mother of the propositus, whose inbreeding coefficient was 0.0625, had borderline hypertelorism and a broad nose. Several other members of the pedigree who had hypertelorism were products of consanguineous matings. The presence of consanguinity in all individuals affected with a variety of manifestations of FND suggests a genetic mechanism for this malformation. PMID- 7363498 TI - Dermatoglyphic patterns in the Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. AB - The finger- and palm dermal-ridge patterns of all Swedish cases with the Sjogren Larsson syndrome (SLS) were studied. The dermatoglyphic patterns of the SLS material showed variations from the normal material. This indicates an early prenatal pathological influence on the formation of dermatoglyphics in SLS. PMID- 7363500 TI - Bloom's syndrome in a Japanese girl. AB - Clinical, cytogenetic, and immunological data of a 5-year-old Japanese girl with Bloom's syndrome are described. Growth deficiency, photosensitivity, and a very mild facial telangiectatic erythema were present. Cytological studies revealed chromosomal aberrations and the characteristic high frequency in sister chromatid exchanges. Immunological studies showed that the serum levels of IgM and IgA, but not IgG, were abnormally low as compared to the age-matched control values and that the generation of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin-producing cells in the peripheral blood lymphocytes, which was evaluated in the in vitro pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures, was markedly reduced. PMID- 7363501 TI - Baller-Gerold syndrome craniosynostosis-radial aplasia syndrome. AB - A new case of the Baller-Gerold syndrome is described in a 6 1/2-year-old, black male who presented at birth with bilateral synostoses of the coronal and lambdoidal sutures, bilateral radial aplasia, vertebral anomalies and genito urinary malformations. The parents and siblings were unaffected, and there was no history of consanguinity. A review of the history and physical findings in our patient and in the four other patients previously reported in the literature is provided, with a discussion on pathogenesis, prognosis and the possible autosomal recessive mode of inheritance of the syndrome. PMID- 7363502 TI - Absent ulna in the Klippel-Feil syndrome: an unusual associated malformation. AB - A patient is reported with a severe type 2 Klippel-Feil syndrome, and absent ulna and ulnar ray. The severity of the musculo-skeletal involvement did not allow for corrective procedures. This uncommon association of skeletal malformations has not been previously reported. Since this syndrome has been described in families as a possible autosomal recessive trait, a 25% recurrence risk and the possibility of prenatal detection by fetal visualization methods should be taken into consideration. PMID- 7363503 TI - The calculation of genetic risks in X-linked recessive conditions using programmable calculators. AB - A scheme is proposed for the analysis of X-linked recessive pedigrees using programmable calculators. The analysis of such pedigrees is reduced to two easily programmable operations that can be used by the counsellor in a step-wise fashion, entering the pedigree information sequentially. It is envisaged that programmable calculators could be a useful tool in general and specialised genetic counselling clinics. PMID- 7363505 TI - Automatic chromosome analysis. I. A simple method for classification of B- and D group chromosomes represented by band transition sequences. AB - This paper describes an approach to the automatic analysis of banded B- and D group chromosomes, represented by band transition sequences (BT-sequences), using Bayes formula in a simple way. The analysis considers the 14 BT-codes constituting the BT-sequence as being independent variables. Error rates of 6-8% in classification experiments and 3-4% in karyotyping experiments are clearly smaller than those reported by other authors using other methods. If the error rates of karyotyping are adjusted for errors in the basic material, they are reduced to 2-3%. The reason for the small error rate is presumably that the BT sequences are superior to other methods for condensed band-pattern description. The method will be incorporated into a programme system for automatic karyotyping. PMID- 7363504 TI - Dominant sex-linked inherited chondrodysplasia punctata: a distinct type of chondrodysplasia punctata. AB - This paper suggests that there is probably a dominant, sex-linked type of chondrodysplasia punctata. Clinical data are reported for three girls with such a disorder. Two of their mothers showed a mild form of cicatricial alopecia. The pathognomonic dermatological findings in the children include erythematous skin changes and striated ichthyosiform hyperkeratosis during the first months of life. Later on, patterned ichthyosis, follicular atrophoderma, coarse, lusterless hair and cicatricial alopecia become evident. It is assumed that about one fourth of all cases with chondrodysplasia punctata reported in the literature belong to the dominant sex-linked type. PMID- 7363506 TI - The offspring of schizophrenic parents in a North Swedish isolate. AB - This work concerns the children of schizophrenic parents born and resident in a North Swedish isolate during 1829-1960. The sample consists of 39 children whose parents were both schizophrenic and 514 children who had one schizophrenic parent. Controls were 624 children of unaffected parents of the same population and time period. Previous observations concerning lack of association between fecundity and schizophrenic psychoses were confirmed. The marriage rate for schizophrenics had decreased, probably because of earlier diagnosis and earlier hospitalization. These changes most likely depend on the integration of the isolate into the welfare state--a considerable change as compared to the conditions prevailing 30 or more years ago. The late fetal death ratio and the infant mortality rate were significantly increased for the offspring of schizophrenic parents. The occurrence of schizophrenic psychoses and mental deficiency was significantly higher among children of schizophrenics. No association was found between the sex of the schizophrenic parent and the sex of their offspring, the incidence of stillbirths, the infant mortality rate, and the incidence of schizophrenia or mental deficiency. PMID- 7363508 TI - Autosomal recessive inheritance of atrichia congenita. AB - Two families, each with two sibs presenting atrichia congenita, were studied. Histopathological studies of scalp biopsies from affected revealed absence of hair follicles. The pedigree data were interpreted as corroborative of a previously postulated autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. PMID- 7363507 TI - Familial angiolipomatosis. AB - Large subcutaneous angiolipomata were observed bilaterally around the wrists, knees, and ankles in an adolescent boy. Growth had been slow since first noted at age 1 year. The tumors extended deeply between muscles, tendons and joint capsules, but without infiltration of these structures. The tumors recurred after subtotal excision. Muscular hypotrophy and deformation of bones near the affected joints were noted. An 8-year-old sister had similar tumors, suggesting a genetic etiology. PMID- 7363509 TI - Congenital afibrinogenemia in 10 offspring of uncle-niece marriages. AB - Two unrelated large sibships, including 10 cases of congenital afibrinogenemia among 27 sibs, are reported. Both sibships were the product of uncle-niece marriages. They were not selected for any particular clinical manifestation and should provide some information on genetic fitness. Six of the patients died in childhood, two affected boys are adolescent and two affected patients are young women. Two of the four survivors had spontaneous ruptures of the spleen. Fitness in this very rare disease seems to be close to zero and the inheritance is autosomal recessive. PMID- 7363510 TI - Cyclopia. PMID- 7363512 TI - Measurement of renal clearance of inulin and PAH in the steady state without urine collection. AB - Two different methods of inulin and PAH clearance were tested in 25 patients with normal and impaired renal function. The clearance calculated from the infusion rate and the serum levels was equal to the classical clearance calculated from serum levels and urinary excretion. The advantages of the clearance method without urine sampling are: a) catheterization of the bladder can be omitted, b) less analytical work and, c) exact timing serum and urine samples is unneccessary. PMID- 7363511 TI - Circulating immune complexes and serum immunoglobulins in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. AB - Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is a disease thought to be induced by the renal deposition of circulating immune complexes. In order to test this possibility, serum samples from 119 patients with APSGN were studied for Clq binding activity (ClqBA), levels of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3 and antibody titers to streptococcal enzymes. These parameters were analyzed in relation to the clinical and laboratory data of the acute nephritic syndrome and with respect to the time elapsed from streptococcal infection and from the onset of nephritis. Elevated ClqBA was found in 66.7% of the patients in the first week of the disease and this frequency decreased progressively to 17.6% after the second week. Normal ClqBA was found in patients after the third week of nephritis. Serum levels of IgG and IgM were elevated in over 95% of the patients. Levels of IgG in excess of 2400 mg/dl were detected in 71.1% of the cases. No correlation could be found between the ClqBA and the clinical or immunoserological findings of the disease. The data support the hypothesis that circulating immune complexes are responsible for the nephritis that follows streptococcal infection. PMID- 7363513 TI - Therapy of renal osteodystrophy with dihydrotachysterol in non-dialyzed patients. AB - Two non-dialyzed patients with severe uremic bone disease were treated successfully with dihydrotachysterol (DHT). In each case, dramatic clinical improvement was noted in several weeks and this was verified by biochemical, radiologic and histologic measurements. Although DHT has been utilized previously in combination with dialysis, its documented effectiveness in the absence of the latter therapy has not previously been reported. PMID- 7363514 TI - Persistent hypophosphatemia following parathyroidectomy in end-stage renal disease: report of three patients. AB - Immediate and persistent hypophosphatemia following subtotal parathyroidectomy, despite discontinuation of phosphate binders, developed in three chronic hemodialysis patients. Although the serum phosphorous level is regularly reduced by parathyroidectomy in such patients, prolonged hypophosphatemia has not previously been reported. This observation supports the concept that parathyroid overactivity in end-stage renal disease is a major determinant of hyperphosphatemia. PMID- 7363515 TI - Clinical significance of the presence of cryoglobulins in patients with glomerulopathies not associated with systemic disease. AB - Serial serum samples from 102 children with glomerulopathies not associated with systemic diseases and from 23 normal controls were examined for the presence of cryoglobulins. Sera from controls, from patients with glomerulopathies thought to be mediated by immune complexes, and from those with non-immunologically mediated glomerulopathies demonstrated similar incidence of cryoglobulins. There was no correlation between cryoglobulin concentration or composition and the glomerular immunohistologic findings. Furthermore, persistence of cryoglobulinemia could not be correlated with progression of renal disease. Although cryoglobulins may contain immune complexes, determination of serum cryoglobulin concentration appears to be of little value in the diagnosis of immune complex mediated renal disease, nor in the assessment of disease activity or monitoring therapy in patients with glomerulopathies unassociated with systemic disease. PMID- 7363517 TI - Differential diagnosis of acute renal failure. AB - This prospective study compares the fractional excretion of sodium, FENa, urinary sodium concentration, UNa, urine osmolality, Uosm, and the U/P creatinine ratio in their diagnostic effectiveness in 87 patients with acute renal failure: 22 acute tubular necrosis, 18 non-oliguric acute tubular necrosis, 12 acute urinary tract obstruction, 14 acute glomerulonephritis, and 21 pre-renal azotemia. Discriminant analysis demonstrated a correct diagnostic classification in 86 of 87 patients using FENa, and only 46, 60 and 65 correct using Uosm, UNa, and U/P Cr, respectively. FENa is identified as the most effective non-invasive test for the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure. An FENa of 1 classifies all entities into two groups: FENa more than 1; acute tubular necrosis, non-oliguric acute tubular necrosis and urinary tract obstruction and less than 1; pre-renal azotemia and acute glomerulonephritis (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7363516 TI - Role of intrarenal vascular sclerosis in progression of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. AB - A comparison has been made of the percentage of sclerotic glomeruli found in normal subjects and in 31 patients 6 months to 15 years after an episode of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN). The findings establish that a greater than expected incidence of glomerular sclerosis occurs in the course of PSGN. The pattern of glomerular sclerosis frequently was that of contracted collapsed tufts, one known to result from ischemia. In the majority of specimens with significant glomerular sclerosis, there was co-existent vascular sclerosis (arterioles and/or prearterioles), and the incidence of both glomerular and vascular sclerosis increased with time from onset of PSGN. Intrarenal vascular sclerosis may thus be of major importance in the genesis and progression of glomerular sclerosis in PSGN. PMID- 7363518 TI - A crossover study of short time dialysis. PMID- 7363519 TI - Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). AB - A patient who had clinical and serologic evidence for Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) developed mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with demonstrable immune complexes. Most cases of MCTD with a renal lesion have exhibited membranous glomerular lesions. Since the prevalence of renal involvement in MCTD has ranged from 5-20%, it is possible that too few cases have been studied to describe fully the range of renal lesions seen in this disease entity. PMID- 7363520 TI - Relapse in anti glomerular basement membrane antibody mediated crescentic glomerulonephritis. AB - Patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis and anti glomerular basement membrane antibody typically experience a rapidly progressive course. Remission and relapse in renal disease are unusual. We report two patients with this syndrome who remitted following immunosuppressive therapy and relapsed 20 and 48 months later, respectively. The pathogenesis of relapse is discussed. It is different from the initial insult in that antiglomerular antibody may not be important. PMID- 7363521 TI - Postnasal drip and cough. PMID- 7363522 TI - Right cardiophrenic mass in a 49-year-old man. PMID- 7363523 TI - Aspiration pneumonia. PMID- 7363524 TI - Obstetric aspects of preterm delivery. PMID- 7363525 TI - Obstetric aspects of preterm delivery. PMID- 7363526 TI - Operative gynecology. PMID- 7363527 TI - Conservative surgery for pelvic inflammatory disease and endometriosis. PMID- 7363528 TI - Operative management of pelvic pain. PMID- 7363529 TI - Informed consent 1980. AB - The right of a patient, in most cases, to have the final authority to consent to a treatment, operation, or diagnostic procedure is guaranteed by 200 years of legal precedent. The right of that same patient to be adequately informed so that the decision is entirely his or her own seems to be equally well protected. It is unlikely that the medical profession can find a mechanical solution to the problem. That intangible patient-physician relationship must be developed to the point where there is a true interchange of the same information a physician would use to consent to undergo such a procedure or agree to it for a loved one. Finally, the physicians must decide, on the basis of their experience, the literature, personal attorney input, and other sources, the best method of documenting that moment when truly informed consent has been obtained. PMID- 7363530 TI - Prevention of preterm labor. PMID- 7363531 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cimetidine in gastric and duodenal ulcer patients. AB - The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cimetidine after 200 mg given intravenously and orally was studied in 6 gastric and 6 duodenal ulcer patients aged between 28 and 64 years. There were no differences in any of the pharmacokinetic parameters between the two ulcer groups, but there was considerable variation which was mainly age-related. Bioavailability was not complete, but was about 60% based on the plasma concentration data. The volume of distribution at steady-state was about 80% of body weight, and the plasma clearance value of 495 ml/min was mainly due to renal clearance (293 ml/min). The elimination half-life was approximately 2 hours. These pharmacokinetic parameters together with the percentage of dose excreted unchanged in urine following intravenous administration were all highly age correlated; all decreasing with age except the elimination half-life which increased with age. Of clinical importance is the finding that the time for which the plasma concentration exceeded 0.5 microgram/ml following oral administration was also highly age dependent, increasing by more than 2-fold in the elderly (53 to 64y) compared with the younger (28 to 45y) patients. PMID- 7363532 TI - Absorption of ocular timolol. AB - The absorption of timolol after topical administration to the eye was studied in 11 healthy volunteers and in 5 patients with bilateral open angle glaucoma. The volunteers received 2 drops of 0.5% timolol ophthalmic solution in each eye, equivalent to 0.8 mg of timolol maleate. Overflow was absorbed by paper tissue. The patients received the same dose twice daily for 2 weeks and were then investigated. In the paper tissue, 12 to 88% of the dose administered was recovered. Plasma concentrations were never above 5 ng/ml and not always detectable (detection limit 1 to 2 ng/ml). However, timolol was absorbed as the drug was found in the urine samples from all volunteers and glaucomatous patients. PMID- 7363533 TI - The effect of impaired renal function on the plasma concentration and urinary excretion of metoprolol metabolites. AB - Plasma concentration and urinary excretion of total and 2 active metabolites of metoprolol have been studied in patients with varying degrees of renal impairment and in healthy subjects after intravenous and oral administration of 20 and 50 mg of 3H-metoprolol tartrate respectively. Renal clearance of total metabolites correlated directly with 51Cr-EDTA clearance (r = 0.95, p less than 0.001). A reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by 70 to 80% increased the elimination half-life of total metabolites and of the active metabolite alpha hydroxymetoprolol about 3-fold. Significant accumulation was, however, only observed in the patients with a GFR of about 5 ml/min. Even in these patients, the contribution of alpha-hydroxymetoprolol to the beta-adrenoceptor blocking effect of metoprolol will be negligible. The second active metabolite studied is eliminated via biotransformation, and the urinary excretion as well as the plasma concentration of this metabolite were extremely low in comparison with those of the parent drug. PMID- 7363535 TI - Comparative accuracy of recent abbreviated methods of gestational age determination. AB - Fifty healthy newborn infants were studied in an attempt to test the accuracy of several recently reported shortened methods of gestational age determination. The Finnstrom method with seven external characteristics was more accurate than those that contained only five or less criteria. In the statistical analysis it also yielded results that were very similar to those obtained using the original Dubowitz technique which has 21 criteria. PMID- 7363534 TI - The pharmacokinetics of metoprolol and its metabolites in dialysis patients. AB - The kinetics of tritiated metoprolol and its metabolites have been determined after intravenous and oral administration in dialysis patients. The kinetic behaviour of metoprolol in these patients does not differ from that in healthy volunteers, since its elimination depends on hepatic metabolism. The pharmacologically less active metabolite alpha-hydroxymetoprolol is formed to an individually varying degree and its half-life is prolonged. The concentration of the total radioactivity, which represents the sum of all metabolites, does not decline in the dialysis interval. During haemodialysis, however, its concentration decreases with a half-life of 5h. It might be assumed, that dialysis of these polar compounds is rather nonspecific and that it depends essentially on the dialysis technique. PMID- 7363536 TI - Family-acquired respiratory disease in high-risk infants. AB - Five infants who had been patients in the same Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were readmitted with respiratory illness. The illness was characterized by cough, congestion, apnea, and infiltration of the lungs revealed by radiographic examination. Only one infant was febrile. All five patients recovered; however, one infant required prolonged intubation and mechanically assisted ventilation. Investigation revealed that the illness was associated with prematurity and contact with ill family members. Illness was not associated with exposure to ill personnel in the NICU, low birth weight, or previous lung disease. This outbreak demonstrates the dangers involved in sending premature infants home when respiratory illness is prevalent in the family. PMID- 7363537 TI - Hydrops fetalis (fetal edema). A survey. PMID- 7363538 TI - Developmentally-oriented safety surveys. Reported parental and adolescent practices. AB - A series of developmentally-oriented safety surveys has been utilized in both private practice and clinic settings in an effort to systematize safety counseling in a practical and meaningful manner, and to provide data comparing the educational needs of various socioeconomic and ethnic groups. Extraordinary deficiencies were identified in parental awareness and reported practice of basic accident prevention techniques at all levels and in all social and ethnic groups. PMID- 7363540 TI - Ascites in the newborn associated with hepatitis. PMID- 7363539 TI - Febrile convulsions. What happens to the infant admitted to the hospital. AB - We present our experience with children with febrile convulsions admitted to a large teaching hospital. Elective admission on a routine basis increases the tendency for unnecessary additional tests. Hospital admission should be reserved for children with severe multiple febrile seizures, or the underlying serious disease or where parental anxiety and other social circumstances indicate. Workups should be done only in selected cases consistent with clinical findings. The yield of such workup is marginal, even in a hospitalized child with multiple febrile seizures. PMID- 7363541 TI - Computed tomographic assessment of adrenal masses. AB - Clinical and biochemical information together with good spatial resolution by CT offers final assessment of certain adrenal masses even when their size is 1-2 cm. Moderate sized tumours, i.e. up to 8 cm in size are amenable to accurate definition by CT. In some situations it is the final diagnostic modality of adrenal tumours. Tumour recurrence or deposition in the adrenal area is accurately followed by performing sequential scans. Extension and dissemination of neoplasms beyond the confines of the suprarenal can now be defined more readily by CT. Lipid and blood content of adrenal tumours gives low density areas which can mistakenly be assessed as 'cystic' lesions. Large tumours in the area frequently require additional clinical, biochemical and radiological investigation before diagnostic solution is achieved. PMID- 7363542 TI - Computed tomography (CT) in the staging of patients with Hodgkin's Disease: a report on 136 patients. AB - One hundred and thirty-six patients with biopsy proven Hodgkin's disease (HD) had conventional staging investigations and CT carried out at presentation. CT did not detect 20 out of 24 positive spleens and did not detect disease at 16 involved lymph node sites proven at laparotomy. In 60 cases in whom lymphography was performed, CT detected all disease shown by lymphography and showed additional disease in 13 other cases (three within the lymphogram area). In 43 patients CT was the only investigation of the abdomen that could be performed and identified 31 unexpected areas of disease in this group. CT altered the stage of the patients in 16% of cases compared with 8% (lymphography) and 34% (laparotomy). The importance of CT as a baseline investigation for the subsequent monitoring of the complete remission of all known disease is discussed, and the routine use of CT when available as the primary non-invasive staging investigation of the abdomen in HD is recommended. PMID- 7363543 TI - Computerised tomographic (CT) abdominal scanning in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Thirty-nine patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) with little or no clinical evidence of abdominal disease were investigated by abdominal CT scanning. The results were compared with those of bipedal lymphography and laparotomy and splenectomy. In the assessment of para-aortic lymph nodes, CT scanning and lymphography were of equal efficacy in determining the presence or absence of disease (87 and 79% respectively). Although CT scan could occasionally demonstrate disease in nodes in areas other than the retroperitoneum, its value was limited by its inability to detect involvement of nodes which were not significantly enlarged. CT assessment of splenic HD was unreliable, focal deposits being detected in only one of the 11 spleens involved. In this selected group of patients, CT scan had little advantage over lymphography in the description of disease extent. However, CT scan would appear to be the investigation of choice in patients with suspected abdominal relapse because of the more frequent presence of disease in sites not seen on lymphography. When treatment decisions are dependent on accurate knowledge of distribution of disease, CT scanning cannot yet effectively replace staging laparotomy and splenectomy as the means of achieving this information. PMID- 7363544 TI - The normal suprasellar subarachnoid space in computed tomography. AB - Changes in visibility or configuration of the suprasellar cistern are often the only signs on a CT scan of a patient with a juxtasellar expansion. Normal variations of this subarachnoid space on a CT scan are side for anatomical and technical reasons. The ability to differentiate between normal and abnormal in this area is essential in interpreting computed axial tomograms. To determine normal variants of the suprasellar cistern, 456 consecutive standard tomograms interpreted as normal were reviewed. The cistern was visible in 73.7% of the scans and the shape of the cistern was found to be either hexagonal (71.5%) or tetragonal (28.5%). The visible content of the cistern included the anterior part of the third ventricle (55.5%), the optic nerves and/or chiasm (52%) and the dorsum sellae (34.9%). The content of the cistern could not be accurately defined in 24.8% of the scans. In about one-fourth of the scans the suprasellar subarachnoid space was not visualised at all. If any doubt exists as to the visibility and configuration of the suprasellar cistern when there is a clinical suspicion of a juxtasellar tumour, additional investigations must be performed. PMID- 7363545 TI - Computed tomography appearance of Herpes Simplex encephalitis. AB - The eight computed tomography (CT) scans in five patients with proven herpes simplex encephalitis (HSVE) showed a low density lesion in the deep temporal lobe. In one patient the deep frontal and occipital lobes were also involved. Contrast enhancement was present in all patients examined within 78 days of the onset of symptoms. CT is valuable in the investigation of patients suspected of having HSVE and for whom it is vital to exclude a temporal lobe tumour or abscess. A CT examination may indicate the site for a brain biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. PMID- 7363546 TI - Computer tomography in basal ganglia calcification. AB - The computer tomographic findings in basal ganglia calcification are presented. The incidence is much higher than previously recognised in all forms of hypoparathyroidism, on accout of the sensitivity of CT as compared to conventional radiography. PMID- 7363547 TI - Computerized tomographic findings in mucoceles of the frontal and ethmoid sinuses. AB - Computerised tomography (CT) is a valuable aid in the investigation of diseases of the paranasal sinuses. Seven patients with surgically proven mucoceles of the frontal or ethmoid sinuses are presented. In each case, proptosis was the main presenting symptom. Although the diagnosis was suspected on plain skull radiographs, CT confirmed the benign nature of the lesion and gave an accurate display of its extent. PMID- 7363548 TI - The role of upper abdominal ultrasonography in suspected acute cholecystitis. AB - Ultrasonic investigation of the upper abdomen was performed as an initial imaging procedure in 117 consecutive patients regarded on clinical examination as probably suffering from acute cholecystitis. All patients were studied within 72 h and the majority within 48 h of admission. All were followed up for a minimum of 12 months and the ultimate clinical diagnosis recorded and compared with the initial ultrasonic diagnosis. Despite the clinical suspicion at referral, only about half were ultimately found to have biliary tract or closely related pathology. In a further 10% totally unexpected and unrelated causes for the symptoms were detected. 87% of gallstones were detected on the initial ultrasonic examination, which compares well with previously reported series. In all cases where there was a right upper quadrant mass at presentation, the organ from which this arose was demonstrated. The results of this initial study indicate that upper abdominal ultrasonic examination is a valuable inital screening procedure in patients presenting with acute right upper abdominal symptoms. PMID- 7363549 TI - Distinction between obstructive and non-obstructive jaundice by sonography. AB - The grey-scale ultrasound, as a non-invasive imaging device, has been applied in differentiating obstructive and non-obstructive causes in a group consisting of 115 random patients suffering from jaundice. The present communication illustrates the echographic evaluation and the final diagnoses and also reports the rate of accuracy, which is 96.6% in this study. It can be concluded that echography is an accurate method with no contra-indications for the evaluation of jaundice and should allow earlier surgery when indicated. PMID- 7363550 TI - Tomography of the biliary tract during oral cholecystography: a review of 200 cases. AB - A review of 200 cases in which routine oral cholecystography was supplemented by tomography is presented. In 69 out of 82 non-visualised gallbladders (NVGB) definite confirmation of gallbladder apthology was obtained. In the poorly functioning gallbladder and the gallbladder obscured by bowel, further information was obtained in 32 out of 56 and 18 out of 26 cases respectively. Tomography proved helpful in localising small filling defects within the gallbladder. Tomography is unlikely to add any extra information to an oral cholecystogram in which a good after fatty meal (AFM) film has been obtained. It is concluded that tomography is a valuable addition to oral cholecystography and increases its accuracy. PMID- 7363551 TI - The supinator notch sign in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Erosion of the ulna, giving a notch-like appearance in the region of the supinator groove, is reported in 18% of 110 unselected outpatients attending a rheumatoid clinic. The characteristic radiological, arthrographic and scintigraphic findings are presented. The mechanism, significance and differential diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 7363552 TI - Long term radiographic changes following anterior cervical fusion. AB - Long-term follow-up radiographs of patients with anterior cervical fusions demonstrated progressive cervical spondylosis and osteophytes at levels above and below the fusion. The findings may represent a response to altered stresses imposed by the surgery. PMID- 7363553 TI - The urographic signs of acute on chronic obstruction of the kidney. AB - The signs of acute obstruction of the kidney and of chronic obstruction are well recognised and the combination of these signs enables a group of patients with acute-on-chronic obstruction to be recognised. The signs of acute obstruction are entirely nephrographic. They are manifested by an increasingly dense nephrogram, which may become striated, followed by an anatomically normal pyelogram. The signs of chronic obstruction are both pyelographic and nephrographic. The pyelographic signs are a dilated pelvicalyceal system. The nephrographic signs are a normal or low density nephrogram. Crescents may appear; these are due to opacification of the distorted medulla which retains its ability to concentrate the urine. In acute-on-chronic obstruction the signs of both conditions are present. Thus there is an increasingly dense nephrogram with a negative pyelogram. Crescents may appear. There is a slow flow in the dilated pelvicalyceal system. PMID- 7363554 TI - Hiatus hernia: a complication of postero-lateral diaphragmatic herniation (Bochdalek hernia) in infants. AB - During the six years from January 1973 to Februrary 1979, 23 infants with postero lateral diaphragmatic (Bochdalek) hernias have been treated in the Paediatric Surgical Unit of the General Infirmary at Leeds. Surgical repair was performed in all cases. Ten patients died. Severe vomiting occurred in seven (54%) of the 13 survivors. Barium meal demonstrated large hiatus hernias in four (31%) of the 13 survivors. This previously unreported complication of Bochdalek hernia repair should be consideredin all patients with vomiting following surgical repair of a Bochdalek hernia. PMID- 7363555 TI - Duodeno-jejunal intubation in examination of the small intestine. AB - The small intestine was examined with the duodenal intubation method in 113 patients. Patients admitted with acute abdominal disease were not included. The frequency of positive findings was 22%, which exceeds that of previous years before the method was introduced. Eight per cent were found to have Crohn's disease. Thirteen patients were admitted for gastrointestinal bleeding, and in two of them the cause was found. All patients with uncharacteristic abdominal symptoms, were normal. The results and advantages of the method are discussed. PMID- 7363556 TI - Small bowel examination after injection of cholecystokinin. AB - Cholecystokinin stimulates persistalsis in the small intestine. This can be exploited to improve the technique for radiographic small bowel examination. Cholecystokinin usually reduces the barium transit time to less than 5 min. In our opinion, based on experience with 100 patients, the examination is not only accelerated but also improved in its diagnostic results, mainly because it is possible to perform the whole procedure under fluoroscopic control. PMID- 7363557 TI - An evaluation of the small bowell enema based on an analysis of 350 consecutive examinations. PMID- 7363559 TI - A device to prevent photodegradation of dacarbazine (DTIC). PMID- 7363558 TI - Causes of apparent low levels of misonidazole in human tumours. AB - Although the concentration of misonidazole measured in human tumours may appear to be only 50--70% of the corresponding blood level, the concentration within the intra- and extracellular fluid of the tumour may be nearer 100% of the blood level. Causes for these apparent low levels of drug which have been investigated are: 1. Presence of fat in the tissue. 2. Presence of non-cellular material in the tissue. 3. Degradation of the drug by anaerobic metabolism after biopsy. An in vitro experiment to test the partitior fractionation study of the distribution of misonidazole showed that it is distributed mainly in the fluid compartment of the cell and that overall drug levels in tissue are related to the fluid content of the tissue. Serial measurements of misonidazole on tissue after removal from the body have shown that breakdown of the drug occurs when the tissue becomes anoxic. These results suggest that the concentration of misonidazole present within tumour cells is higher than the overall level measured for the tissue and that the enhancement ratio to be expected may therefore be higher also. PMID- 7363560 TI - Cardiovascular responses to graded reductions of central blood volume in normal subjects and in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - 1. Cardiovascular responses to graded increments of lower body negative pressure were studied in non-diabetic subjects and in patients with diabetes mellitus. 2. in all subjects, low levels of negative pressure (which did not affect significantly systemic arterial pressure) induced forearm vasoconstriction, suggesting normal function of the 'low pressure' cardiopulmonary baroreflex. However, in some diabetic patients the response to higher levels of negative pressure was abnormal, and it seems likely that although afferent mechanisms were intact there was impairment of efferent vasoconstrictor function. 3. Changes in R -R interval were linearly related to changes in systolic blood pressure induced by higher levels of negative pressure. The slope of the relationship was taken as the sensitivity of the 'high pressure' arterial baroreflex; diabetic patients showed a reduced sensitivity compared with normal subjects. Furthermore, in diabetic patients, abnormalities of R--R interval control were more common than abnormalities of vasoconstrictor function, suggesting that heart-rate control is impaired earlier than vasomotor function in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. PMID- 7363561 TI - Prostaglandins as mediators of bone resorption in renal and breast tumours. AB - Amounts of prostaglandin E and prostaglandin F have been measured by radioimmunoassay in extracts of renal cortical carcinoma and benign and malignant breast tumours after solvent extraction and column chromatography. 2. Substantial amounts of prostaglandin E were found in extracts of benign and malignant breast tumours and in renal tumours. Much lower amounts of prostaglandin F were present in all tumour types. 3. Co-cultivation of tumour explants with mouse calvaria led to significant bone resorption in 10 of 13 renal carcinomas, three of eight malignant breast tumours, and two of nine benign breast tumours. Tumours associated with bone resorption had higher concentrations of prostaglandin E in culture media at the end of incubation than did non-resorbers. 4. Indomethacin (14 mumol/1) greatly reduced bone resorption in the presence of the tumour, but this was not always complete, particularly with breast tumours. Indomethacin had no effect on prostaglandin-induced bone resorption. Theophylline (2.2 mmol/1) significantly increased prostaglandin E production and resorption by an effect on the tumour. 5. It is concluded that prostaglandins may be important in mediating the effects of renal cortical carcinoma and possibly breast cancer on bone destruction. A non-prostaglandin mechanism may also contribute to bone destruction by breast carcinoma. PMID- 7363562 TI - Activities of some free-radical scavenging enzymes and glutathione concentrations in human and rat liver and their relationship to the pathogenesis of tissue damage in iron overload. AB - The activities and subcellular distribution of enzymes implicated in the protection of cells from free-radical mediated damage were determined in liver biopsy specimens from control and iron-overloaded patients. 2. There was a small but insignificant decrease in the activity of glutathione reductase in patients with secondary iron overload due to multiple transfusion therapy for thalassaemia major. 3. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were similar in both patient groups. 4. Subcellular fractionation studies indicated a major cytosolic localization of these enzymes with a minor mitochondrial component. The relative proportions of the enzymes in the two locations was similar in both control and iron-overloaded patients. 5. Approximately 80% of the hepatic glutathione was present in the reduced form in both patient groups and it is concluded that although free-radical mediated damage might be implicated in the pathogenesis of tissue damage due to iron overload no significant defect in these protective mechanisms can be demonstrated. PMID- 7363563 TI - Influx of glycylsarcosine and L-lysyl-L-lysine into hamster jejunum in vitro. PMID- 7363565 TI - Indium (111In)-labelled human platelets: optimal method. AB - 1. A detailed laboratory method is described for the labelling of human platelets with [111In]indium oxine. The 45 min method is simple, requires on 26 ml of blood and is suitable for routine clinical use. 2. After the labelling and resuspension of the platelets in plasma, aggregation responses to both adenosine diphosphate and collagen were similar to those of normal platelet-rich plasma. Less than 5% of the [111In]indium oxine was released by secretory function of platelets. 3. Labelling efficiencies of 90.1 +/- 4.29% (n = 28) were achieved in 60 s by normal concentrations of plasma-free platelet suspensions. 4. Platelet survival in vivo in healthy volunteer subjects follows a linear function with a survival time of 8.44 +/- 0.18 days. PMID- 7363566 TI - Practical importance of a preceding full inhalation or exhalation upon the measurement of airway resistance. AB - 1. Airway resistance was measured close to functional residual capacity before and after a full inhalation of total lung capacity, as well as before and after a full exhalation to residual volume. 2. The effects of these volume manoeuvres upon airway resistance (and associated lung volume) were determined in four resting normal male subjects and in six normal men during experimentally induced bronchoconstriction after breathing an air/histamine mist from a Wright's nebulizer. 3. In four men the duration of the effect of a full inhalation upon airway resistance after induced bronchoconstriction was assessed separately. 4. Neither a full inhalation nor a full exhalation altered airway resistance under normal conditions. However, a full inhalation reduced airway resistance in the presence of bronchoconstriction and this effect lasted for a period of 45 s. Even with bronchoconstriction, a full exhalation had no effect on airway resistance. 5. Account must therefore be taken of the potential reduction in airway resistance which may result from a full inhalation, particularly when indirect measurements of airway function which involve a full inhalation, such as forced spirometry, are used to assess airway obstruction. PMID- 7363564 TI - Assessment of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to ultraviolet irradiation over a controlled area in young and elderly subjects. PMID- 7363567 TI - Effect of a natural and artificial menopause on serum, urinary and erythrocyte magnesium. AB - 1. Serum, urinary and erythrocyte magnesium concentrations were measured in groups of premenopausal, postmenopausal and oophorectomized women. 2. Serum and urinary magnesium were both significantly higher in postmenopausal and oophorectomized women than in the premenopausal group. 3. Oestrogen therapy reduced both serum and urinary magnesium values in oophorectomized women to premenopausal concentrations. 4. Erythrocyte magnesium concentrations were not affected by menstrual status or oestrogen therapy. PMID- 7363568 TI - Sialic acid and the microheterogeneity of human serum ferritin. AB - 1. Ferritin has been partially purified from the serum of patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis. 2. Incubation with neuraminidase of this partially purified serum ferritin eliminated much of the microheterogeneity of the protein so that only ferritin of isoelectric point approximately 5.8 was present. 3. There was no change in the total amount of ferritin present (measured immunologically) or in the percentage of ferritin binding to concanavalin A. 4. Incubation of liver, spleen or heart ferritin with neuraminidase did not change the isoelectric focusing patterns. PMID- 7363569 TI - The library: a crucial center. PMID- 7363570 TI - Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema from accidental hypothermia. A case report. PMID- 7363571 TI - Meniscectomy through the arthroscope. PMID- 7363572 TI - Diagnostic confusion created by positive monospot tests. PMID- 7363575 TI - The navajo patient. Illimination of cultural differences. PMID- 7363574 TI - The case for the HMOs. PMID- 7363573 TI - Denver-born "cansurmount" program enters its 7th year. PMID- 7363577 TI - Radiation standards and the control of radiation exposure. PMID- 7363576 TI - Ovarian abscess in mid-trimester. PMID- 7363578 TI - The temporal structure of spoken language understanding. PMID- 7363580 TI - Obesity and hypertension. PMID- 7363579 TI - Management of hypertensive emergencies. PMID- 7363581 TI - Estrogen therapy during menopause. PMID- 7363582 TI - Practical management of borderline hypertension. AB - Patients with borderline hypertension are at a higher risk to develop sustained hypertension and its sequelae, higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, this excess risk is not overwhelming. Aggressive antihypertensive medication for all patients with borderline hypertension is not warranted. Only patients who are at highest risk for hypertension and its complications should be given small doses of antihypertensive monotherapy. The objective of the treatment is to lower blood pressure without side effects. Patients who are not chosen for treatment must be continuously managed. The management includes following the blood pressure trends, dietary sodium restriction, and control of overweight. PMID- 7363583 TI - Pediatric hypertension. AB - Pediatric hypertension is a field of increasing interest and importance. The early and proper recognition, evaluation, and treatment of hypertensive children has great potential for immediate and long-term benefit. Because the standards of care of the child with high blood pressure are not well established, the primary physician must decide on the proper care of these children with a minimum of definitive information available. If the general principles presented are followed, it should be possible to integrate the new developments in the area into a rational and successful approach. Until more information is available, however, the evaluation and treatment must be individualized to minimize the risks of diagnosis or therapy. PMID- 7363584 TI - The practicing physician and control of hypertension. PMID- 7363586 TI - Community medicine: discipline or topic? Profession or endeavour? PMID- 7363587 TI - Food intakes and growth of young Chinese children in London. PMID- 7363585 TI - Improved hypertension control and decline in cardiovascular mortality. PMID- 7363588 TI - Botulism. PMID- 7363589 TI - The development of accident and emergency medicine. PMID- 7363590 TI - The health care system in the Netherlands. PMID- 7363591 TI - A note on differences between the work undertaken by area medical officers of single-district and multi-district health authority areas in England and between district community physicians in England who are and who are not 'proper officers'. PMID- 7363592 TI - A note on the teaching and examining of statistics for the Membership of the Faculty of Community Medicine. PMID- 7363593 TI - Linking birthweight and birth registration data. PMID- 7363594 TI - Computer processing of the electrocardiogram. PMID- 7363595 TI - Electrocardiographic and left ventriculographic correlations in 245 patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7363596 TI - The stability of decision--theoretic electrocardiographic classifiers based on the use of discretized features. PMID- 7363597 TI - Automated production of contour maps for electrophysiology. I. Problem definition, solution strategy, and specification of geometric model. PMID- 7363598 TI - Automated production of contour maps for electrophysiology. II. Triangulation, verification, and organization of the geometric model. PMID- 7363599 TI - Automated production of contour maps for electrophysiology. III. Construction of contour maps. PMID- 7363600 TI - Polarcardiography. PMID- 7363601 TI - BMON2--a distributed monitor system for biological image processing. AB - This paper presents an example of a distributed monitor system BMON2, which was developed and is in daily use in a biological image processing environment. Some useful aspects of such a system are discussed, particularly those which make for easier biologist-user interaction and system extensibility. The principles of extension of the distributed monitor to a time-shared computer system is outlined. PMID- 7363603 TI - A data validation program nucleus. AB - A data validation program designed for flexibility and user-modification is presented. It is assumed that the data to be validated consist of packets; i.e., groups of records with a common value in a record-linking field. Acceptance or rejection of data is on a packet basis. Individual field validation is specified by user-supplied tables. Multiple field checking and field interaction checking on both an intra-record and an inter-record basis may be specified by user supplied subprograms. The program is written in PL/I using structured programming techniques. Further modifications such as record size and key positions are possible at pre-processor time. PMID- 7363602 TI - A program for the computation of helical parameters from internal coordinates. AB - A method for the calculation of helical parameters from internal coordinates of an arbitrary repeat unit, has been implemented in a FORTRAN IV program. The coordinates of all atoms in a cylindrical coordinate system are also obtained. An application of the program for a systematic approach to the problem of protein DNA recognition is introduced. PMID- 7363604 TI - The design of a program for the collection of 3-dimensional ultrasonic data. AB - This paper describes the programming mechanisms used in a program which controls the transfer of data from an ultrasonic system through a minicomputer onto a single platter disc cartridge. The system enables the collection and digitization of B scans from parallel planes. The main software design constraints in such a system are identified and discussed in general terms. The rudiments of interrupt programming necessary for such an application are described in the context of the program; and simple optimisation techniques for the bulk transfer of data onto a single platter cartridge are given. Although the particular computer used in the author's program was a Data General Nova and the language used, the corresponding assembly code, the description of the techniques used are sufficiently general to allow the methodology to be imposed upon any assembly code. PMID- 7363607 TI - Release of medical records. PMID- 7363605 TI - IMIA-reasons to be. PMID- 7363606 TI - The Consensus Development Program at the National Institutes of Health. PMID- 7363609 TI - Gentamicin: clinical role. PMID- 7363608 TI - To cure sometimes, to relieve often, to comfort always. PMID- 7363610 TI - Surgery for epilepsy: role of depth electroencephalography. PMID- 7363611 TI - Attenuated viruses and clinical illness. PMID- 7363612 TI - Glucagon therapy of esophageal food impaction. Interventional radiology. PMID- 7363613 TI - Identification of labile hypertension in children of hypertensive parents. PMID- 7363614 TI - Consensus Development Summaries. Estrogen use and postmenopausal women. Sponsored by the National Institute on Aging, assisted by the Office for Medical Applications of Research, NIH. PMID- 7363615 TI - Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) cardiotoxicity. PMID- 7363616 TI - Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after carcinoma of colon: report of a successfully treated case. PMID- 7363617 TI - Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of retroperitoneum. PMID- 7363619 TI - The Food and Drug Administration's drug approval process. PMID- 7363618 TI - Adult acute non-lymphocytic leukemias: current concepts and future directions. PMID- 7363620 TI - Food safety and the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Delaney Clause). AMA Council on Scientific Affairs. PMID- 7363621 TI - Due process: AMA Council on Medical Education. PMID- 7363622 TI - A general hospital alcoholism treatment program. PMID- 7363624 TI - Summary of decision upholding right of nonsmoking office worker. PMID- 7363623 TI - Diagnosing the solitary pulmonary nodule. PMID- 7363625 TI - Recent progress in conventional defibrillation and the automatic implantable defibrillator: medical instrumentation, the companion issue of the proceedings. PMID- 7363626 TI - A new technique for repeated measurement of cardiac output during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AB - The authors have developed a method for measurement of cardiac output during CPR with ventricular fibrillation. The method avoids the problems encountered when conventional techniques are used under the conditions of very low cardiac output. The method consists of injecting 5% saline as the indicator into the left ventricular and detecting its appearance in the descending aorta by withdrawing aortic blood through an electrically calibrated conductivity cell. The adequacy of indicator mixing has been verified by obtaining dilutions curves simultaneously from the brachial and femoral arteries. Cardiac output can be determined even when output is as low as 7 ml/min . kg during CPR with ventricular fibrillation. Repeated determinations can be made as often as every min. This method offers promise as a practical research tool which can also be used with dye indicators. PMID- 7363627 TI - Regional blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs. AB - To determine differences in regional blood flow during CPR versus normal cardiac function, the authors measured regional blood flow to several organs in 19 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs (6--12 kg). Regional blood flow was measured during sinus rhythm in five dogs and during electrically induced ventricular fibrillation with CPR in the other 14 dogs. Regional blood flow and cardiac output were measured using radioactively labeled polystyrene microspheres of 15 +/- 3 mu diameter, injected into the left ventricle. Adequacy of microsphere mixing at low cardiac outputs was verified by comparing flow rates to paired organs. Cardiac output was 175 ml/kg . min during sinus rhythm versus 47 ml/kg . min during CPR. Flow to all organs sampled was less during CPR, but the relative decrease varied widely. The ratios of regional blood flow during CPR to regional blood flow during sinus rhythm were 90% for brain, 35% for heart, 15% for kidneys, 17% for adrenal glands, 14% for pancreas, 3% for spleen, and 33% for small intestine. These results provide baseline values for regional blood flow during CPR which can be used to evaluate alternative CPR techniques and/or drugs which may improve perfusion of vital organs during CPR. PMID- 7363629 TI - Cough-CPR: documentation of systemic perfusion in man and in an experimental model: a "window" to the mechanism of blood flow in external CPR. AB - Maintenance of arterial pressure and consciousness by vigorous coughing during ventricular fibrillation has been previously documented. Observations in 4 additional patients with unstable rhythms and in fibrillating dogs confirm that coughing: (1) produces an arterial pulse; (2) produces opening of the aortic valve; (3) generates forward blood flow; and (4) can maintain consciousness during circulatory arrest. The authors speculate that cough-induced systemic perfusion results from compression of the pulmonary vascular beds by a rise in intrathoracic pressure, the left heart acting only as a one-way conduit to the lower pressure extrathoracic vascular outlets. Recent data suggest that conventional CPR likewise produces blood flow by compression of the pulmonary vascular blood pool, and not by cardiac compression as previously thought. PMID- 7363628 TI - Influence of adrenergic drugs upon vital organ perfusion during CPR. AB - To determine whether adrenergic drugs administered during CPR alter the distribution of artificial cardiac output, the authors measured regional blood flow and cardiac output using radioactive microspheres in 12 dogs. Ventricular fibrillation was induced electrically and CPR was immediately begun with a mechanical chest compressor and ventilator (Thumper) at 60 compressions/min, with a ventilation: compression ratio of 1:5, a compression duration of 0.5 sec, and a ventilation pressure of 20 cm H2O. Compression force was sufficient to develop 40 -50 mm Hg peak intraesophageal pressure. After 30 sec of CPR, either 0.9% saline vehicle or 50 micrograms/kg of epinephrine, phenylephrine, or isoproterenol was administered through a central venous catheter. One min later, microspheres were injected into the left ventricle. After 250 sec of CPR, the ventricles were defibrillated electrically. Between each drug injection, 20-min recovery periods were interposed. Each dog received all three drugs and saline according to a predetermined sequence. After saline, epinephrine, phenylephrine, and isoproterenol treatment, respective, cardiac output averaged 392, 319, 255, and 475 ml/min; brain blood flow averaged 37, 54, 29, and 28 ml/min; coronary blood flow averaged 25, 79, 26, and 15 ml/min; and kidney blood flow averaged 44, 4, 16, and 29 ml/min. Epinephrine improved blood flow to the brain, probably because of its alpha-adrenergic activity. Epinephrine improved blood flow to the heart during CPR much more than the other agents, probably because of its combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic activity. This effect may explain its superiority in restoring circulation after prolonged arrest and resuscitation. Isoproterenol should not be used in CPR because it shunts blood away from vital organs. PMID- 7363630 TI - A comparison of standard, "MAST"-augmented, and open-chest CPR in dogs. A preliminary investigation. AB - Hemodynamic, respiratory, and cerebral variables during 2 h of standard external CPR were studied in 5 dogs. In an additional 12 dogs, possible augmentation of these variables by Military Anti-Shock Trousers (MAST) was evaluated. In 9 dogs, external and internal cardiac massage were compared. During ventricular fibrillation (VF) and after 2 min of circulatory arrest, standard CPR basic life support (without drug support) could sustain only borderline values: systolic arterial pressure (SAP) remained at 70--80 mm Hg and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 35--45 mm Hg. Sternal compressions increased central venous pressure (CVP) to near SAP, and also increased intracranial pressure (ICP), but less than CVP. Thus, systemic perfusion pressures (SPP, i.e., MAP-mean CVP) control value 130 mm Hg) were only 11--15 mm Hg; and cerebral perfusion pressures (CPP, i.e., MAP-ICP) were 20--32 mm Hg during CPR. Common carotid arterial blood flow (CCABF) remained at an average of 8--20% of control values. Normalization of aerobic metabolism proved impossible (final pHa of 7.1). During external CPR, MAST inflation moderately increased MAP, SAP, SPP, and CPP; and significantly increased CCABF from 6.8 to 13.2% of prearrest control. The MAST failed to improve cerebral venous PO2, pupil signs, and EEG activity. With fixed pressure IPPV/100% O2, the MAST decreased tidal volumes and PaO2 (increased shunting); and increased PaCO2 and acidemia. Epinephrine 1 mg iv improved arterial pressures but not flows. A switch to open-chest (internal) cardiac massage (OCCM) after 2 h of external CPR significantly increased arterial and perfusion pressures (decreased venous pressures) and more than doubled CCABF; and resulted in a return of EEG activity and pupillary constriction. Prolonged standard CPR, and to a lesser extent MAST augmented CPR, seem unlikely to maintain adequate oxygen transport for vital organ systems viability, particularly the brain. OCCM might better sustain viability. PMID- 7363631 TI - Influence of time and therapy on ventricular defibrillation in dogs. AB - Factors that may influence energy requirements for ventricular defibrillation include the duration of fibrillation and the mode of resuscitation. The present study assesses the effect of these influences on the energy needed for defibrillation. Dogs were anesthetized, and arterial blood pressure and Lead II of the ECG were continuously recorded. Ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced in each dog for a period of 1, 3, 5, or 9 min. Three resuscitation techniques were evaluated: precountershock artificial ventilation (AV) and closed chest cardiac massage (CCCM); precountershock AV/CCCM and epinephrine, 1 mg IV; and countershock without preliminary AV/CCCM or epinephrine. Each animal was shocked with successive doses of 1, 2, 4, and 8 J/kg, ceasing when either electrical conversion occurred or after the maximum dose had been delivered. If defibrillation was unaccompanied by resumption of spontaneous circulation (systolic pressure greater than 60 mm Hg greater than 2 min), AV/CCCM was administered for 1 min. In general, the incidence of defibrillation was inversely proportional to the duration of fibrillation. Epinephrine had no significant effect on the energy dose needed for conversion. After 2 min of fibrillation, however, epinephrine became increasingly important for restoration of circulation. The technique of immediate countershock was effective for episodes of fibrillation limited to approximately 3 min. Regardless of therapy, for intervals of fibrillation of up to 6 min, Gompertz data curves indicated that a delivered energy of 4--5 J/kg is the approximate energy dose associated with the maximum achievable incidence of defibrillation within the limits of this experimental protocol. PMID- 7363632 TI - Influence of ventilation phase on transthoracic impedance and defibrillation effectiveness. AB - The influence of the phase of ventilation on the transthoracic impedance and defibrillation success was studied in 6 mongrel dogs. Ventricular fibrillation was induced by a transvenous bipolar catheter electrode. Defibrillation was attempted after 1 min of ventricular fibrillation. The initial stored energy levels were 20 watt-sec for the 1st two shocks, one delivered in inspiration and one in expiration. If the shock at the initial energy level was not successful, the energy level was increased by 10 watt-sec before the next energy level shock. Initial discharge was given at inspiration in half of the animals and at expiration in the other half. The transthoracic impedance to defibrillator discharge was measured with each shock. The study revealed a significantly higher transthoracic impedance with inspiration (76.3 +/- 13 ohms versus 68.4 +/- 12 ohms expiration, p less than 0.01), and a significant decrease in defibrillation success rate when shocks were delivered in inspiration (10%) compared to expiration (50%). The phase of ventilation is an important determinant of transthoracic impedance to defibrillator discharge and has a significant influence on defibrillation effectiveness. PMID- 7363633 TI - Postshock arrhythmias--a possible cause of unsuccessful defibrillation. AB - Clinical and experimental information exists in the literature which suggests that defibrillation with higher energies than are required results in a decreased percentage of success. Previous work in this laboratory which showed the occurrence of postshock arrhythmias caused by a prolonged depolarization of the cell membrane in myocardial cells in vitro, led to the hypothesis that the decreased percent success at high energies in vivo might be due to the development of similar shock-induced arrhythmias which could immediately refibrillate the heart. The purpose of these experiments was to test this hypothesis. Myocardial cells grown in vitro were subjected to rectangular wave electric field stimulation of varying intensity and duration. Postshock arrhythmias were evaluated using a photovoltaic cell mounted on a closed-circuit television monitor. The photocell converted the change in light intensity produced as the cell contracted to an electrical signal which was read out on a strip chart. Strength-duration curves were formed both for excitation (production of a single extrasystole) and for specific degrees of arrhythmia. These were compared with strength-duration curves obtained for a specific percent success defibrillation in vivo by other investigators. These experiments showed a close similarity between the in vivo and in vitro data, thus, strengthening the hypothesis that decreasing percentage of success of defibrillation with increasing intensity at high energies is due to secondary arrhythmias produced by the shock. The experiments further suggest that in vitro myocardial cells are a valuable screening system for determining waveforms which maximize the ratio between the voltages producing postshock arrhythmias and those producing excitation (defibrillation). This ratio, defined as the "safety factor" of the waveform, varies with the duration of the rectangular wave. Durations having high safety factors can produce defibrillation with a high percentage of success; however, waveforms having low safety factors make it impossible to achieve a high percentage of success defibrillation with any applied voltage. This information suggests that the minimum voltage required for successful defibrillation always be used and that defibrillators be produced with waveforms which maximize the safety factor. PMID- 7363634 TI - Postcountershock fibrillation in digitalized myocardial cells in vitro. AB - Postcountershock arrhythmias are potentiated in patients receiving digitalis; and these arrhythmias frequently lead to irreversible ventricular fibrillation and death. The mechanisms underlying this potentiation are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an accentuation of electric shock induced arrhythmias was produced in in vitro myocardial cells by ouabain, a fast acting digitalis glycoside. Such an accentuation would suggest that the in vivo potentiation occurred in the individual myocardial cell rather than through some secondary mechanism such as action on the nervous system as had been previously suggested. Myocardial cells grown in vitro were subjected to 5 msec square wave electric field stimulation of varying intensity. Pre- and postshock arrhythmias were evaluated using a photovoltaic cell mounted on a closed-circuit television monitor. The photocell converted the change in light intensity produced by cellular contraction to an electrical signal which was then processed and displayed on a strip chart recorder. Fibrillation of the cell sheet and of portions of individual myocardial cells could be observed visually on the television monitor. "Therapeutic" (antiarrhythmic) concentrations of ouabain were observed in the range of 1 x 10(-6)M to 5 x 10(-6)M; "toxic" (arrhythmia producing) concentrations were above 1 x 10(-5)M. Electric shocks of intensities which produced a short postshock arrest in nondigitalized cells, produced an increased duration of arrest proportional to the ouabain concentration in the range of 5 x 10(-8)M to 7 x 10(-6)M. Cellular fibrillation has been previously observed in in vitro myocardial cells after extremely high shock intensities in the absence of ouabain or after toxic concentrations of ouabain in the absence of electric shock. Similar cellular fibrillation was observed in this study after low intensity electric shocks in cells exposed to low concentrations of ouabain, neither of which produced cellular fibrillation alone. Because this cellular fibrillation in vitro appears to be related to "irreversible" fibrillation in vivo, these results suggest that the deleterious interactions between digitalis and electric countershock occur directly in the myocardial cell and that postshock cellular fibrillation may be the basis for the "unmasking" of digitalis toxicity by electric countershock which has been of clinical concern. PMID- 7363635 TI - The effect of newer antiarrhythmic drugs on defibrillation threshold. AB - This study was conducted to determine the effects of clofilium phosphate and bretylium tosylate on ventricular defibrillation threshold. Dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital and subjected to repeated fibrillation defibrillation episodes. Defibrillation thresholds were determined at 15-min intervals, using underdamped 5--6 msec sinusoidal current shocks, from 30 min before drug injection to 120 min after injection. Eight dogs were given clofilium phosphate (0.34 mg/kg, iv). Another 10 dogs were given bretylium tosylate (10.0 mg/kg, iv). Both drugs lowered defibrillation threshold from 15--90 min after injection. The maximum clofilium effect was a 31% decrease in threshold current and a 54% decrease in threshold energy. The greatest decrease in defibrillation threshold produced by bretylium was 16% for current and 31% for energy. These drug induced changes in defibrillation threshold are of potential clinical benefit if they occur in human subjects at doses which are effective for control of ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 7363636 TI - Knowledge gaps in CPR: synopsis of a panel discussion. PMID- 7363638 TI - Oxatomide in the treatment of various allergic diseases. AB - The use of oral oxatomide (30 to 360 mg per day) for the treatment of allergic conditions of the bronchi, skin and gastro-intestinal tract was investigated in a total of 70 subjects. Therapeutic results were evaluated at intervals ranging between 1 and 16 months. Symptomatic improvements were scored globally, forced expiratory volume in 1 second was measured in asthmatic patients, and the lesions of atopic dermatitis were rated according to a modified Clendening scale. The results suggest that oxatomide was particularly effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and skin allergies. Allergic asthma responded fairly well in patients with a short history of disease and gastro-intestinal conditions reacted moderately, with haemorrhagic rectitis responding better than gastritis. These findings warrant further controlled trials of oxatomide in such conditions. PMID- 7363637 TI - New versus old theories of blood flow during CPR. PMID- 7363639 TI - Doxycycline and amoxycillin in respiratory infections: a comparative assessment in general practice. AB - A general practitioner survey was carried out to compare the efficacy of doxycycline and amoxycillin in the treatment of 267 patients with respiratory tract infections requiring antibiotic therapy. The findings, based on clinical observations, suggest that both antibiotics were equally effective in providing prompt improvement and complete resolution of the infection, only 7 of the 134 receiving doxycycline and 13 of the 133 patients receiving amoxycillin failing to show a satisfactory response. There was a statistically significant better response in those patients with acute and acute-on-chronic bronchitis who were treated with doxycycline. It is possible that this may have been related to a local upsurge in mycoplasma infection at the time of the study. PMID- 7363640 TI - The safety of cefuroxime and gentamicin in patients with reduced renal function. AB - The glomerular and tubular function of 7 patients with a spectrum of renal impairment was measured before, during and after 4-days' treatment with cefuroxime and gentamicin. Neither the mean plasma urea nor creatinine concentrations of the group increased after combined treatment, nor was the excretion of cefuroxime slowed. The ability to acidify and to concentrate the urine did not change. In only 1 patient did plasma creatinine increase and GFR fall. This patient had an unexpectedly high plasma gentamicin concentration and was taking frusemide. However, an eighth patient with acute renal failure caused by bacteraemic shock rapidly recovered renal function while being treated with cefuroxime and gentamicin for 15 days after large doses of frusemide intravenously. This limited study suggests that the useful combination of cefuroxime and gentamicin need not be denied to patients with reduced renal function, but emphasizes that the plasma gentamicin concentration must always be monitored. PMID- 7363641 TI - Experience with labetalol in essential hypertension. AB - A study was carried out in 73 patients with mild or moderate hypertension to assess the effectiveness of treatment with labetalol. After a 2 to 4-week period on placebo, patients received 200 mg labetalol daily for 4 weeks, after which time dosage was doubled if the blood pressure was not satisfactorily controlled. Treatment was continued for a further 4 weeks and was followed by another period on placebo. Pre-treatment levels of 157/99 mmHg were significantly reduced after 2 weeks, and after 4 weeks the mean reduction was 14/8 mmHg. Half the patients had their dosage increased to 400 mg daily. At the end of the 8-week active treatment period, 80% were adequately controlled, the mean reduction in blood pressure being 22/12 mmHg compared with placebo values. Heart rate was significantly reduced from 78 to 69 beats per min during labetalol therapy. The reduction in blood pressure was similar whether or not patients had been previously treated or untreated, but heart rate was reduced more in the previously treated group. Four weeks after the end of labetalol therapy blood pressure and heart rate had increased but were less than during the initial placebo period and did not give rise to any severe problems. PMID- 7363642 TI - Xipamide ('Diurexan') in essential hypertension: a 24-month study. AB - Twenty-two patients with essential hypertension received xipamide as monotherapy for a continuous period of 2 years. At an average single daily dose of 23 mg, the patients showed a mean reduction in standing systolic pressure of 17%, and diastolic of 15% at the end of the study period. Serum potassium levels always remained within the normal range (without potassium supplements), and serum uric acid levels were only slightly above normal, even at the end of the 2-year trial period. Blood sugar levels in 8 patients with pre-existing diabetes mellitus were increased by 30% at the end of the first year of xipamide therapy, but remained stable at this level during the remaining 12 months. Adverse effects were mild and did not require the cessation of therapy. PMID- 7363643 TI - Ketoprofen ('Orudis') in the treatment of inflammatory arthritic conditions: a multicentre study in general practice. AB - An open multi-centre study was carried out in general practice to assess the effectiveness and tolerance of ketoprofen in the treatment of 1997 patients with inflammatory arthritic conditions. Patients were treated with 100 mg ketoprofen twice daily for 4 weeks and subjective assessments were made before and after treatment of the clinical symptoms of pain and/or stiffness. The results showed that ketoprofen produced a statistically significant relief of symptoms in painful joints, regardless of whether these were thought to be affected primarily by rheumatoid or osteoarthritic processes. Joint stiffness also improved in the majority of cases. The side-effects reported related mainly to gastro-intestinal symptoms: there were no cases of overt haemorrhage and no serious adverse reactions. PMID- 7363644 TI - Pharmacokinetics and saluretic effect of muzolimine in severe cardiac failure. AB - Pharmacokinetics and effects on renal electrolyte excretion of a new diuretic drug, muzolimine (Bay g 2821), were investigated in 6 patients with severe congestive cardiac failure (New York Association classification Groups III and IV). After a single oral dose of 30 mg muzolimine, mean urinary excretion rate of sodium increased from 1.37 to 4.30 mmol/hour during the initial 24 hours, that of chloride from 0.86 to 3.97 mmol/hour, that of potassium from 1.23 to 1.63 mmol/hour, and that of water from 25.8 to 49.9 ml/hour. The saluretic effect lasted for 10 to 14 hours in 1 patient, 14 to 24 hours in 2, and more than 24 hours in 3 patients. Peak plasma concentrations of muzolimine occurred 1 to 7 hours after administration and averaged 487 ng/ml (range 268 to 868). Mean biological half-life of muzolimine in plasma was 14.3 hours (range 9.0 to 21.2 hours). The saluretic effect of muzolimine in congestive cardiac failure, thus, is of long duration, which may be explained by its long biological half-life. PMID- 7363646 TI - Clinical study of cefuroxime in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. AB - Twenty-three hospital in-patients with severe lower respiratory tract infections were treated with cefuroxime sodium. The drug was given intramuscularly in a dose of either 750 mg or 1000 mg at 8-hourly intervals for 5 days. Of the 21 patients who could be assessed, the response to treatment was highly satisfactory and there were no treatment failures. Eight patients had failed to respond to a course of oral antibiotics before being seen. Most of the patients were elderly and all were very ill. The sputum became mucoid in all but 1 patient. There was no change in tests of liver or renal function. Cefuroxime appears to be an effective and well-tolerated drug for the treatment of patients with severe chest infections. PMID- 7363645 TI - Sleep-endocrine profile of the antidepressant mianserin. AB - The effects of mianserin, a tetracyclic antidepressant, on sleep stages and on the nocturnal secretion of cortisol, ACTH, growth hormone, prolactin and tryptophan were studied on 11 normal male volunteers in a double-blind, placebo controlled study. Mianserin increased Stage 3 time (p less than 0.001) and Stage 4 time (p less than 0.01). It reduced the number of REM periods (p less than 0.001), the REM latency after sleep onset (p less than 0.01) and both the total and percentage REM time (p less than 0.05). A reduction in both the total sleep time (p less than 0.05) and the percentage of total time in bed (p less than 0.05) were the only significantly carry-over effects from the drug treatment period. No significant difference in any biochemical measurement was found between placebo and drug treatment. PMID- 7363647 TI - Preliminary clinical experience with dezocine, a new potent analgesic. AB - The analgesic effect of a single intravenous dose of dezocine at various dosage levels was studied in 41 patients suffering from acute renal colic. Twenty milligrams was found to be a very effective dose. Out of 25 injections an excellent response was recorded on 21 occasions, with a mean duration of effect of 3.5 hours. In a further 3 patients, pain relief was considered as fair and of shorter duration. Pronounced dizziness was a nearly constant side-effect of the drug. There was no overall effect on blood pressure or heart rate. PMID- 7363648 TI - Co-administration of benfluorex with oral anticoagulant therapy. AB - A study was carried out in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy for various cardiac conditions to evaluate the possible potentiation of their oral anticoagulant medication by benfluorex (450 mg per day) given concomitantly for 9 weeks. Combined treatment was preceded and followed by periods, each of 9 weeks, when the patients received their normal oral coagulant alone. Prothrombin times and weekly tablet consumption of anticoagulant were measured at 3-weekly intervals. Statistical analysis of the results from 22 patients showed that there was no significant difference between prothrombin times and anticoagulant dosage in the period when patients were receiving benfluorex and the values recorded during the baseline and follow-up periods. The results suggest that there was no interaction between benfluorex and the anticoagulant drugs. PMID- 7363649 TI - The role of biochemistry in drug research. AB - The present and the future role of biochemistry in the search for a new therapeutic agent is reviewed. It is stated that the great importance of the various disciplines of biochemistry, including pathobiochemistry and pharmacological biochemistry, is presently recognized, and the involvement of biochemistry in drug research is increasing. Biochemistry at the present time and in the future will utilize the already known basic biological principles for the new development of new and more useful medicines. It is emphasized that the limiting factor in new drug discovery today, however, is the lack of new basic discoveries in biology. PMID- 7363650 TI - The treatment of tennis elbow with triamcinolone acetonide. AB - Twenty-seven patients with tennis elbow were treated with triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg/ml) injected locally into the tender area without local anaesthetic. Reduction of pain or complete relief was achieved in 1 to 72 hours, although in 9 cases exacerbation of pain occurred before relief was given. The recurrence rate at 6 months was 17.8%. The study shows that triamcinolone acetonide is a useful preparation in the relief of this condition. PMID- 7363651 TI - Platelet aggregation in patients treated with diflunisal. AB - The effect of the non-steroidal analgesic diflunisal on platelet aggregation and clinical haemorrhage at a dosage 250 mg twice or 3-times daily, sufficient to relieve musculo-skeletal pain and other painful conditions, was studied in 15 patients and 5 normal subjects. Platelet aggregation was carried out with ADP and collagen before and during treatment with diflunisal. The results indicated that diflunisal is an effective analgesic with no significant adverse effect on platelet function or clinical bleeding. PMID- 7363652 TI - The merits of breast biopsy under local anesthesia. PMID- 7363653 TI - Evaluation of extracranial carotid occlusive disease with directional Doppler, fluid-filled oculoplethysmography, carotid phonoangiography and pulsed Doppler ultrasonic imaging. PMID- 7363654 TI - Cecal volvulus: analysis of 50 patients with long-term follow-up. PMID- 7363655 TI - Pancreaticogastrostomy improved by a pancreatic duct-to-gastric mucosa anastomosis. PMID- 7363656 TI - The dynamics of lower esophageal sphincter function. PMID- 7363657 TI - Hypoxemia after thoracentesis. PMID- 7363658 TI - Pilonidal sinus disease: comparison among various methods of treatment and a survey of 160 patients. PMID- 7363659 TI - Asthma: A not so allergic disease? PMID- 7363661 TI - The art of medicine. PMID- 7363660 TI - Cutaneous reactions to sorbic acid and potassium sorbate. PMID- 7363662 TI - Uveomeningoencephalic syndrome (Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada). PMID- 7363663 TI - Tinea versicolor: new topical treatments. PMID- 7363664 TI - Skin manifestations of subacute bacterial endocarditis. Case report of subacute bacterial endocarditis mimicking Tappeiner's angioendotheliomatosis. AB - SBE manifests many skin findings including petechiae, splinter hemorrhages of the nails, Osler's and laneway lesions, clubbing of the fingers, and findings suggestive of angiitis. Another case with similar histopathologic findings to those originally described by Tappeiner and Pfleger is described, but with positive blood cultures to corroborate the clinical identification of SBE. PMID- 7363666 TI - Melanoma in the dermatologist's office. AB - Data about melanomas seen in a private dermatologist's office during a fifteen year period were evaluated as to size, location, stage, and histologic level of the lesions, and sex and survival of the patients. Forty-three melanomas were seen in forty-one patients. Only four patients (9 percent) died as a result of their melanomas. All patients were at clinical stage 1 of the disease. Thirty-two lesions were smaller than 1.6 cm. Twenty-four (56 percent) of the lesions were of the superficial spreading type. Apparently, patients with melanomas seek advice at a dermatologist's office when their disease is at an earlier stage of development than do patients generally seen in other types of medical settings. A plea is made to examine patients yearly for pigmented lesions. The number of melanomas seen per 10,000 patient-visits rose during the fifteen year period. PMID- 7363665 TI - Combination urea and salicyclic acid ointment nail avulsion in nondystrophic nails: a follow-up observation. AB - Following the initial report by Farber and South on nonsurgical nail avulsion with urea ointment and their emphasis that the therapy was not helpful in treating nondystrophic nails, we utilized a similar therapy to treat a sixty seven year old patient who had severe arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease and relatively nondystrophic but symptomatic large toenail disease. Because their formulation was ineffective on nondystrophic nails, a formulation with an additive, 20 percent urea and 10 percent salicylic acid preparation was used. After a period of two weeks of occlusive paplication, painless nonsurgical avulsion was achieved. Moderate maceration of surrounding skin was temporary and relatively asymptomatic. PMID- 7363667 TI - Pinched belly paresthesia. PMID- 7363668 TI - A case of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type IV) with persisting vitelline duct cyst. AB - A twenty-four year old white man with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (Type IV) is presented herein. He demonstrates, or has demonstrated, spontaneous bowel perforation, club feet, cryptorchidism, spontaneous vascular rupture, prominent veins, and distal joint hypermobility. In addition, laparotomy for an acute abdominal condition at four years of age revealed a persisting and gangrenous vitelline duct cyst. We believe this is the first report of this congenital anomaly associated with this syndrome. PMID- 7363669 TI - Diffuse melanosis secondary to disseminated malignant melanoma. AB - A patient with melanosis and melanuria in whom disseminated malignant melanoma was found is described herein. The primary malignant process was not detected in the skin. Light and electron microscopic examinations, as well as cytochemical studies, revealed numerous melanin-containing macrophages in the skin. PMID- 7363670 TI - New treatments for ichthyosis. AB - A group of genodermatoses that differ in clinical appearance and cellular kinetics are included in the classification of ichthyosis. This condition is characterized by the formation of thick fish-like scales over the skin surface and may cause significant disability. New forms of treatment have recently been discovered that have greatly improved the prognosis for patients with all degrees of involvement. PMID- 7363673 TI - Blackbird roosts and histoplasmosis; an increasing medical problem? PMID- 7363671 TI - Topical corticoid therapy: a round table discussion. Part V. The base as a vehicle. PMID- 7363672 TI - Pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular disease. PMID- 7363675 TI - The effect of atropine inhalation in "irreversible" chronic bronchitis. AB - Fifteen patients with chronic bronchitis and airflow obstruction which was not improved by inhalation of isoproterenol (increase in forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] less than 15 percent) received an aerosol of atropine sulfate (0.05 mg/kg of body weight), in order to determine their response to an anticholinergic bronchodilator drug. The improvement over initial values for FEV1 at 15 minutes following inhalation of isoproterenol and at 90 minutres following inhalation of atropine averaged 5.9 percent and 19.2 percent, respectively (P less than 0.01). Eleven of 15 patients demonstrated a 15 percent or greater increase in FEV1 following inhalation of atropine, and six subjects demonstrated more than 25 percent improvement. The maximum effect of atropine was observed at or later than 90 minutes following inhalation in nine of 11 patients who were responsive to atropine. Minimal systemic toxic effects resulted from inhalation of atropine, although dryness of the mouth was frequent. In patients with chronic bronchitis, airflow obstruction resistant to isoproterenol may respond to inhalation of an aerosol of atropine sulfate. PMID- 7363674 TI - Left ventricular aneurysm, intraaneurysmal thrombus and systemic embolus in coronary heart disease. PMID- 7363676 TI - Aneurysms of the ascending aorta or transverse arch presenting to the left of the spine. AB - Aneurysms of the ascending aorta usually present to the right of the spine. Four patients with aneurysms of the ascending aorta or transverse arch presented to the left of the spine on the posteroanterior chest roentgenogram. On the lateral chest x-ray film, these were associated with the ascending aorta, and the apparent discrepancy led to diagnostic difficulty. All cases were proven by aortography and/or surgery. PMID- 7363677 TI - ECG predictors of coronary anatomy and left ventricular function. Findings in patients with typical angina pectoris. AB - In 90 patients with typical angina pectoris, resting ECGs and cardiac catheterization findings were independently reviewed to determine whether ECG findings could be used to predict the extent of disease and the state of the left ventricular (LV) function. Thirty consecutive patients in each of three ECG groups were studied: group 1, normal ECG: group 2, ST-T abnormalities; and group 3, Q wave infarction pattern. Triple vessel disease was present in 30 percent, 40 percent, and 66 percent of patients in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The ejection fraction (percent) (mean +/- SD) was 65 +/- 12, 64 +/- 11, and 51 +/- 16 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. With increasing ECG abnormality (group 1 to group 3), there was a tendency to both more extensive coronary disease and greater depression of left ventricular function. However, the resting ECG appeared to correlate bettter with the state of the LV function than with the extent of the coronary artery disease. PMID- 7363678 TI - Which deep breathing device should the postoperative patient use? AB - A study was undertaken to compare the use of three types of deep-breathing devices in patients undergoing upper-abdominal operations. Seventy-nine patients were divided into three groups, each receiving preoperative bedside testing of pulmonary function and instruction in the use of one of three randomly assigned deep-breathing devices thought to be representative of those currently available (Triflo II, Bartlett-Edwards Incentive Spirometer, or Spirocare). Repeat testing and instruction were provided daily during each of the first five postoperative days. There were few statistically significant differences in pulmonary function, vital signs and white blood cell count, and no difference in length of postoperative stay. No device was uniformly acceptable to patients, and none was used as frequently as recommended. When left at the bedside and only one daily reinforcement of instructions, the three devices showed no clinically important differences. PMID- 7363679 TI - Lung biopsy specimens in the evaluation of pulmonary vascular disease. AB - Open lung biopsy specimens in 72 patients were submitted for evaluation of pulmonary vascular disease. In nine instances, the specimens were inadequate for this purpose. Essentially, there were three indications for taking a lung biopsy specimen. The first was unexplained pulmonary hypertension with 40 patients in this category; plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy was diagnosed in 14, and chronic pulmonary thromboembolism in 12. Others included pulmonary venoocclusive disease in two patients; two other patients had pulmonary vascular lesions in their lung biopsy specimens, indicative of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension; and ten patients had severe arterial as well as venous alterations that could have been caused by obstruction to pulmonary venous flow as well as by fibrosis of lung tissue. Since we realized this possible source of error, we have submitted these two alternative possibilities to the clinician. In a heterogeneous group of eight patients, the nature of acquired or congenital heart disease remained doubtful in spite of extensive clinical investigation. In several instances, the biopsy specimen contributed to establishing the diagnosis of the cardiac condition. Finally, in a group of 15 patients with known congenital cardiac disease and pulmonary hypertension, whose state of pulmonary vasculature was considered borderline as far as the possibility of corrective surgery of the cardiac defect was concerned, lung biopsy specimens helped to determine the feasibility of surgery. The results show that in a restricted group of patients with pulmonary vascular disease, a biopsy of the lung has a place in establishing the nature and severity of the vascular alterations. PMID- 7363681 TI - Accelerated atrioventricular conduction appearing during acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7363682 TI - Pericardial rub in pericardial effusion: lack of correlation with amount of fluid. AB - The relation between the amount of pericardial fluid and the presence of a pericardial rub was examined in 76 patients with echocardiographic evidence of pericardial effusion. A pericardial rub was noted in 4 of 13 patients with small pericardial effusion (less than 100 ml), in 23 of 40 patients with moderate effusion (100 to 500 ml), and in ten of 23 patients with a large effusion. No difference in the amount of fluid was demonstrated in the group of patients with a rub when compared to the group without one. There was a statistically significant relation between the presence of a rub and the cause of the effusion. No inference as to the amount of pericardial fluid should be drawn from the presence or absence of a pericardial rub. PMID- 7363680 TI - Differences between slow and fast vital capacities in patients with obstructive disease. PMID- 7363683 TI - The benefits of open lung biopsy in patients with previous non-diagnostic transbronchial lung biopsy. A guide to appropriate therapy. AB - In a 17-month period, 20 immunosuppressed patients underwent transbronchial biopsy of the lung for diagnostic evaluation of a pulmonary infiltrate of unknown etiology. In 19 patients, the transbronchial biopsy was nondiagnostic. Thirteen of the 19 patients were critically ill and were referred for an open lung biopsy. Eleven (85 percent) of these 13 patients left the hospital after open lung biopsy and appropriate medical treatment. Two patients who were receiving mechanical ventilation at the time of open biopsy succumbed to the combination of their underlying disease and respiratory failure. There were no deaths directly attributed to the open lung biopsy. Of the six patients whose condition appeared stable and who did not undergo open lung biopsy, two died from unrecognized progress of their underlying malignant disease. The remainder recovered. We conclude that open lung biopsy is safe in and beneficial to the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of unknown pulmonary infiltrates in immunosuppressed patients who previously had a nondiagnostic fiberoptic transbronchial biopsy of the lung. PMID- 7363684 TI - Pulmonary functional abnormalities after upper dorsal sympathectomy. A comparison between the supraclavicular and transaxillary approaches. AB - Results of pulmonary function studies were compared in two groups of 12 patients each, in whom upper dorsal sympethectomy was performed by the supraclavicular or by the transaxillary approach. Patients were evaluated clinically, radiologically and functionally before operation and again three weeks, three months and six months after denervation. Findings suggest that an increase in small airway resistance concomitant with some degree of pneumoconstriction occurred after upper dorsal sympathectomy by both routes. Musclar transection and possible phrenic nerve retraction damage due to the operative procedure could not be the cause of the above abnormalities because the inspiratory and expiratory forces, inspiratory peak flow and diaphragmatic movement were not significantly reduced after operation by both approaches. However, in a few cases, extrapleural hematomas, segmental atelectasis and relaxation of the daiphrgm could have contributed to the loss of the lung volume. This was evident only in the early period and was obvious in the transaxillary approach group. PMID- 7363685 TI - Critical evaluation of atrial presystolic murmur. AB - A crescendo-decrescendo pattern of atrial presystolic murmur has long been considered highly specific for atrial septal defect. Atrial presystolic murmur was observed in 67 or 460 consecutive cases. Of these 67 cases, there were only six with atrial septal defect and four with mitral valvular diseases. The occurrence of atrial presystolic murmur was observed over a broad spectrum of clinical entities. Although the precise pathogeneis of atrial presystolic murmur is not clearly defined, certain conclusions can be drawn from the present study, as follows: (1) atrial presystolic murmur is observed in a variety of clinical situations; (2) atrial presystolic murmur is not infrequently observed in normal subjects; (3) atrial presystolic murmur is not a specific phonocardiographic finding for atrial septal defect; and (4) atrial presystolic murmur may be caused by a multiplicity of factors. PMID- 7363686 TI - Atenolol in hypertension: a cardioselective drug. AB - The efficary of atenolol given one daily was assessed in 41 otherwise healthy hypertensive patients over a period of six months. Twelve patients whose blood pressure was not well-controlled on methyldopa and chlorthalidone and 11 patients who were treated previously with other beta-blockers all benefited from atenolol which appeared to be effective and well-tollerated. Ten patients complained of fatigue not necessarily related to a drop in blood pressure, and two of headache. Respiratory functions were assessed in a double blind trial on 30 patients. No significant changes in any of the expiratory flow rates were recorded after three months of continuous treatment with atenolol in either smokers or nonsmokers. PMID- 7363688 TI - Neonatal asphyxia and functional tricuspid atresia. PMID- 7363687 TI - Ventricular tachycardia with classic triphasic morphology (rSR' pattern) in lead V1. PMID- 7363689 TI - The "charcoal heart;" melanoma to the cor. PMID- 7363690 TI - Psychosocial concomitants to rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 3. Dealing with psychiatric disease (as distinguished from psychosocial or psychophysiologic problems). PMID- 7363691 TI - ECG changes in hypothermia from sepsis and unrelated to exposure. AB - The patient had classic ECG changes of hypothermia (sinus bradycardia, prolonged PR interval, prolonged QT interval, and Osborn waves). These changes occurred in hypothermia resulting from sepsis, without exposure being a factor. Documentation of Osborn waves in this clinical setting supports the theory that they result as a direct consequence of myocardial cooling. PMID- 7363692 TI - Prinzmetal's angina. Aternating ST-segment deviation in anterior and inferior electrocardiographic leads during the same episode of pain. AB - A 60-year-old man had recurrent episodes of spontaneously occurring pain in the chest which were associated with ST-segment elevation consistent with Prinzmetal's angina. The simultaneous elevation of the S-T segment in anterior and inferior electrocardiographic leads with initial ST-segment depression followed by elevation in high lateral leads suggested that heightened vascular reactivity in variant angina may involve multiple coronary vessels during the same episode of vasospasm. PMID- 7363693 TI - Posterior mediastinal teratoma (cystic dermoid): diagnosis by computerized tomography. AB - A patient with posterior mediastinal dermoid cyst is presented. With computerized tomography of the mediastinum, it was noted that the mass had attenuation values consistent with sebaceous material and fatty tissue and the diagnosis was proven at surgery and pathologically. PMID- 7363694 TI - Massive hemoptysis secondary to pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. Treatment by a catheterization procedure. AB - Massive pulmonary hemorrhage secondary to an acquired arteriovenous fistula is a rare event associated with high mortality. Cotton wads mounted on steel coils were inserted by percutaneous catheter and successfully occluded a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula in a patient who had massive hemoptysis and contraindications to thoracotomy. PMID- 7363695 TI - Echocardiographic features of an unruptured aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva. AB - A 2-cm aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva was documented in a patient with a prosthetic aortic valve. The M-mode findings differed from prior reports and mimicked those of aortic root dissection or a catheter placed in the right ventricular outflow tract. Two-dimensional echocardiograms readily distinguished the aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva from the alternative possibilities. PMID- 7363696 TI - Partial Bochdalek's herniation; computerized tomographic evaluation. AB - The advent of computerized tomographic scanning has provided an accurate and noninvasive method for the diagnosis of suspected, small, partial diaphragmatic herniations. PMID- 7363698 TI - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in pulmonary abscess. PMID- 7363700 TI - Re-expansion pulmonary edema. PMID- 7363699 TI - Re-expansion pulmonary edema. PMID- 7363701 TI - Selection of patients with hemoptysis for fiberoptic bronchoscopy. PMID- 7363697 TI - Two-dimensional real-time echocardiographic detection of a left ventricular aneurysm associated with mobile pedunculated thrombi. AB - A two-dimensional real-time echocardiographic study of a 51-year-old man with arterial emboli revealed an anterior wall aneurysm of the left ventricle containing mobile pedunculated masses. On the basis of this study alone, left ventricular aneurysmectomy and removal of a pedunculated thrombus were successfully performed. PMID- 7363702 TI - Selection of patients with hemoptysis for fiberoptic bronchoscopy. PMID- 7363703 TI - In defense of preoperative pulmonary function tests. PMID- 7363704 TI - Unilateral pulmonary edema following re-expansion of pneumothorax of brief duration. PMID- 7363705 TI - Thiamphenicol and chloramphenicol: an in vitro comparison with particular reference to bactericidal activity. AB - Chloramphenicol is bacteristatic for most species but bactericidal for Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis. Despite its generally lower activity, thiamphenicol exhibited equal or greater activity against these two species than did chloramphenicol. It is suggested that a particular place might be defined for thiamphenicol in the treatment of infection due to these two organisms. PMID- 7363706 TI - Susceptibility of Bacteroides melaninogenicus to 45 antibiotics. AB - The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 45 antimicrobial agents were determined for 13 strains of Bacteroides melaninogenicus. All the strains showed good susceptibility to those agents known to be active against anaerobic gram-negative rods, such as tetracyclines and lincomycins. The lowest MICs were observed with lincomycin, clindamycin, methacycline, doxycycline, minocycline, and erythromycin. As expected, aminoglycosides were only poorly active, also some strains showed clear resistance to penicillins, cephalosproins (including the newer ones), and nitroimidazoles. PMID- 7363707 TI - Influence of cancer chemotherapy treatment on the reticuloendothelial system in the rat. AB - The phagocytic function of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in the rat has been studied after the administration of cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil or a combination of these drugs and vincristine. No impairment in the elimination of 125I-labelled microaggregated human serum albumin was found. A significant reduction in relative and total spleen weight was not paralleled by a decreased splenic uptake of the RES test substance per gram tissue. A significant increase in the relative weight of the lungs was paralleled by a significant increase in the uptake of test substance on a per gram basis. No correr. A general reduction in the cell population of the haematopoietic system has to be assumed. If this reduction is more pronounced in subpopulations of T lymphocytes (suppressor T cells) has to be further tested. PMID- 7363709 TI - Tinidazole in the prophylaxis and treatment of anaerobic infection. AB - The influence of prophylactic tinidazole therapy on vaginal carriage rates of anaerobes and the development of post-operative anaerobic infection was studied in 100 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Tinidazole prophylaxis (50 patients) led to a decrease of anaerobe vaginal carriage rate from 56% pre operatively to 10 and 30% on the third and seventh post-operative days, respectively. In the control group (50 patients), no significant decrease in anaerobe yield was noted, corresponding percentages being 72, 64 and 74. Post operative infection occurred in 34 cases (28 controls, 6 tinidazole prophylaxis). Wound swabs from patients in the latter group did not yield anaerobes on culture, and infections either resolved spontaneously (2 cases) or responded to tinidazole therapy, with or without addition of ampicillin and kanamycin (4 cases). In the control group, 21 cases of post-operative wound infection and 4 of vault infection were seen. Wound swabs from 6 of the former group yielded aerobes only and 10 mixed growth of aerobes/anaerobes. Post-operative wound/vault infections in control patients cleared spontaneously (18 cases) or responded to imidazole therapy, with or without ampicillin and kanamycin (7 cases). These data suggest that tinidazole may be a useful adjunct in imidazole prophylaxis and treatment of anaerobic infection. PMID- 7363708 TI - Azlocillin in respiratory tract infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children with cystic fibrosis. AB - In 5 children with cystic fibrosis, 13 courses of lower respiratory infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated with azlocillin, 100--200 mg/kg body weight intravenously every 8 h for 10--15 days. The clinical course during azlocillin treatment was more favourable than had been the case previously in the same patients when treated with combinations of carbenicillin and aminoglycosides. No side effects ascribable to azlocillin were observed, although one allergic reaction occurred, but this was probably elicited by another allergen. Upon repeated courses of treatment, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the infecting organisms increased steadily against both azlocillin and carbenicillin. It is concluded that azlocillin represents an important alternative in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections due to P. aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7363710 TI - Clinical pharmacology of a new ureidopenicillin: Bay K 49999. AB - A new semisynthetic ureidopenicillin (Bay K 4999) demonstrates favorably in vitro antibacterial efficacy against human-pathogenic gram-negative rods in comparison to mezlocillin and azlocillin. A comparative paramcokinetic study was done with 10 test subjects after 30 min intravenous infusion of 4.0 g of Bay K and mezlocillin, respectively. The serum concentration course during a period of 10 h showed an open three-compartment model for both antibiotics. The urine recovery of Bay K 4999 during 24 h was only 32.6 +/- 4.3% of the applied dose. In three test subjects with normal renal function, the average renal clearance of Bay K was 61.0, the total serum clearance was 409.2 ml/min/1.73 m2. 31 patients were treated with a daily dose of 3 x 1.0--2.0 g Bay K for severe bronchopulmonary, UTI and cholangiogenic infections. The therapeutic results were good; the relatively high number of side effects should be further investigated in animal studies and require more clinical experience. PMID- 7363711 TI - Investigations of cefuroxime levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with and without meningitis. AB - Cefuroxime was given to 5 neurosurgical patients intravenously in intervals of 8 h. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations were determined periodically over severaly days. Our results (72 CSF and serum concentrations) show that cefuroxime penetrates the blood CSF barrier to the same low degree as the previously used cephalosporins. In patients with noninflamed meninges the maximum CSF concentration amounted to 0.09 microgram/ml, in patients with meningitis the maximum concentration amounted to 8.28 micrograms/ml. Although these concentrations were achieved, we would recommend cefuroxime only then, if pathogens isolated from CSF are resistant to chloramphenicol and ampicillin or if patients have a penicillin allergy. Cefuroxime is not a suitable drug for perioperative chemoprophylaxis in neurosurgery as used for certain operations. PMID- 7363712 TI - Serum levels and urinary excretion in humans of BL-S 578 (cefadroxil), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin. AB - Single doses of 250 and 500 mg of BL-S 578 (cefadroxil), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, were orally administered to 13 normal, healthy volunteers and serum levels determined at timed intervals for 7 h. Peak concentration was obtained at 1 1/2 h after administration of 250 mg (8.981 micrograms/ml) or 500 mg (17.861 micrograms/ml). Urniary excretion levels within 24 h after ingestion of single doses of 250 and 500 mg of cefadroxil were 89.92 and 86.34%, respectively. PMID- 7363713 TI - Effects of phenobarbitone on the distribution, metabolism and biliary excretion of erythromycin in rats. AB - The administration of phenobarbitone to the rat (8 mg/100 g BW) once daily for 3 days significantly decreased the serum and tissue levels of erythromycin administered intraperitoneally (5 mg/100 g BW). Furthermore, phenobarbitone stimulated the hepatic microsomal N-demethylation of erythromycin and increased the biliary concentration and the biliary excretion rate of the unmetabolized antibiotic. These effects were accompanied by augmented liver mass and bile flow. The possibility is discussed that erythromycin concentrates in the bile through a specialized hepatic drug transport system, activated by phenobarbitone. PMID- 7363714 TI - Pharmacokinetics of azlocillin in neonates. AB - The pharmacokinetics of the acylureido-penicillin, azlocillin, were studied after intravenous or intramuscular injections in 53 premature and full-term infants with infections. Effective concentrations wer" achieved in premature babies after doses of 50 mg/kg every 12 h and in full-term infants with 100 mg/kg every 12 h. No untoward effects of azlocillin were observed. On the basis of these studies, a dosage schedule for azlocillin has been established. PMID- 7363715 TI - Experience with cefuroxime in 190 patients with severe respiratory infections. AB - Cefuroxime is a very effective agent for the treatment of severe purulent respiratory infections. 190 patients with purulent exacerbations of bronchitis or bronchiectasis, pneumonia or secondarily infected lung cancer received 2.25--3.0 g cefuroxime daily for an average of 9 days. A good clinical response was seen in 91% of 184 assessable patients. A remarkable improvement in sputum purulence was observed and side-effects to cefuroxime were minimal. PMID- 7363716 TI - Trypanostatic drug action: its relation to relapse following chemotherapy. AB - Analogies with dose-dependent transient prophylaxis and with delayed take of reinfection in drug-cleared Trypanosoma evansi (T. venezuelense) infected animals indicate that relapse following chemotherapy is induced by the same underlying mechanism, i.e., termination of the trypanostatic effect of residual drug concentrations. Correspondingly, both the complete ('true') prophylaxis and the radical cure without relapse require trypanocidal drug concentrations. PMID- 7363717 TI - The American juvenile justice system: an evaluation of standards. PMID- 7363718 TI - Rethinking juvenile justice: the Standards Project. PMID- 7363719 TI - The use of computers in the treatment of children. AB - A relatively inexpensive method for cross-confirming information about the functioning of youths was developed and used in a residential treatment program. With modification, the procedure can be employed in other settings to support and enhance social treatment. PMID- 7363720 TI - Adoption counseling as a preventive mental health specialty. AB - Adoption workers who consider one goal of their work the prevention of emotional problems can help adoptive families and adoptees deal with the risks that are inherent in adoption. PMID- 7363722 TI - Resources for help in parenting. PMID- 7363721 TI - Early childhood educators: their contact with abused and neglected children. PMID- 7363723 TI - Child abuse reporting laws: action and uncertainty. PMID- 7363724 TI - Behavior symptoms in three transracially adopted Asian children: diagnosis dilemma. PMID- 7363726 TI - A CWLA study of factors involved in child abuse. PMID- 7363725 TI - Working with families of children in residential treatment. PMID- 7363727 TI - Traumatic cerebral aneurysm associated with widening skull fracture. Report of two infancy cases. AB - Two cases of traumatic cerebral aneurysm associated with widening skull fracture are reported. Cases of traumatic aneurysms in infants are particularly rare, and there have been no reported cases associated with widening skull fracture. PMID- 7363728 TI - Development of the limiting glial membrane of the brain. AB - The development of the limiting glial epithelium begins following closure of the neural tube. Early, the changes are mostly in cellular organelles with little change in cell form. Postnatally, the process is rapidly accelerated to accommodate and probably direct the development of the underlying cerebral cortex. Besides directing the development of the underlying cortex, the limiting glial layer may participate in cerebral function. PMID- 7363729 TI - Peculiar cerebrospinal fluid protein patterns in two cases of infantile hydrocephalus. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein abnormalities in 2 hydrocephalic children are described. 1 of the cases presented a degenerative pattern in lumbar CSF protein electrophoresis in spite of high total protein content. This is thought to be due to an excess of tissue proteins as a result of abnormal conditions of circulation and absorption of CSF in hydrocephalus. The other case makes clear the role of inflammation on CSF protein electrophoretic patterns. PMID- 7363730 TI - Effects of early linguistic experience on speech discrimination by infants: a critique of Eiler, Gavin, and Wilson (1979). AB - In a recent report in this journal, Eilers, Gavin, and Wilson (1979) presented discrimination data obtained from 2 groups of infants exposed to different language-learning environments. The results showed differences in voice onset time (VOT) discrimination between Spanish and English infants, suggesting an effect of early linguistic experience. A critique of this study indicates that such conclusions about the effects of early experience on speech perception are unwarranted on both methodological and conceptual grounds. Methodological flaws include the absence of reliable statistical analyses and the failure to guard against experimenter bias effects. Conceptual flaws involve the erroneous interpretation of failures to discriminate certain selected speech contrasts. Inferences concerning the developmental course of speech perception in young infants based on the results of the Eilers et al. study need to be interpreted cautiously in light of these serious criticisms. PMID- 7363731 TI - Effects of early linguistic experience on speech discrimination by infants: a reply. AB - This paper is a reply to a critique of Eilers, Gavin, and Wilson (1979) by Aslin and Pisoni (this issue). The reply argues that the critics' contentions are basically unwarranted on both methodological and conceptual grounds. The critique is largely based on misunderstandings of the study's purposes and procedures. PMID- 7363732 TI - Social cognition and children's aggressive behavior. PMID- 7363733 TI - High-risk neighborhoods and high-risk families: the human ecology of child maltreatment. AB - Based on multiple regression analysis to identify the socioeconomic, demographic, and attitudinal correlates of neighborhood differences in the rate of child abuse and neglect, a pair of neighborhoods matched for socioeconomic level was selected, one high risk, the other low risk. Interviews with expert informants ranging from elementary school principals to mailmen were used to develop neighborhood profiles. Samples of families were drawn from each neighborhood and interviews conducted to identify stresses and supports, with special emphasis on sources of help, social networks, evaluation of the neighborhood, and use of formal family support systems. The results lend support to the concept of neighborhood "risk." Families in the high-risk neighborhood, though socioeconomically similar to families in the low-risk neighborhood, report less positive evaluation of the neighborhood as a context for child and family development. Furthermore, they reveal a general pattern of "social impoverishment" in comparison with families in the low-risk neighborhood. PMID- 7363734 TI - Effects of infant development on mother-infant interactions. PMID- 7363735 TI - Individual differences in infant-mother attachment relationships at age one: antecedents in neonatal behavior in an urban, economically disadvantaged sample. AB - Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scales (NBAS) were administered to 100 neonates at 7 and 10 days after birth. The infants and their mothers were subsequently observed in the Ainsworth and Wittig strange-situation procedure at age 1. Infants were classified as secure, anxious/avoidant, or anxious/resistant. When compared with the secure attachment group, anxious/resistant infants scored lower on orientation, motor maturity, and regulation items at day 7. The secure and anxious/avoidant subjects did not differ at day 7. The anxious/resistant group improved from day 7 to day 10, and neither anxious group differed from the secure group on the second examination. The results suggest that early neonatal difficulties may reflect probelms in integrative and adaptive mechanisms which continue to influence behavior, interaction, and eventually attachment relationships, despite the tendency of all normal infants eventually to meet the demands of the neonatal period. In view of the resiliency of neonatal behavior, it is assumed that neonatal difficulties must interact with difficult environments to produce anxious attachments. PMID- 7363736 TI - Child abusers' responses to infant smiles and cries. AB - 14 child abusers and a matched group of non-abusers watched videotapes of crying and smiling infants. Their psychophysiological responses were monitored throughout the session. After each videotape, the subjects described their emotional responses on a mood adjective checklist. The crying infant elicited heart-rate acceleration and increases in skin conductance and diastolic blood pressure from both groups, although the abusers experienced greater increases in heart rate and reported more aversion and less sympathy. Like other parents tested in this paradigm, the nonabusers responded to the smiling infant with no change in or declines in physiological activation. The abusers, however, responded to the smile and cry stimuli similarly. PMID- 7363737 TI - Mother-infant communication and maternal employment. AB - 30 mothers and their 15--17-month-old infants were videotaped in a 12-min free play session. Vocal and nonvocal communication patterns were observed between 3 groups of mother-infant pairs including (1) homemakers who prefer not to work, (2) homemakers who prefer to work, and (3) working mothers. 10 behaviors related to visual contact, vocalization, touch, and responsiveness were rated. A 4-way repeated measures analysis of variance showed differences in a few behaviors between groups of mother-infant pairs in the first 8 mins. No differences were found during the last 4 min of observation. The data suggest differences in communication occur only during adjustment to a new situation. These results, at least in terms of the infancy period, are in contrast to earlier articles which suggest that the mother-infant relationship is affected by maternal employment. PMID- 7363738 TI - Early face-to-face interactions of British and American working- and middle-class mother-infant dyads. AB - Face-to-face interactions were compared for mother-infant dyads from working- and middle-class groups living in the United States and England. The dyads engaged in equivalent amounts of proximal interaction but varying amounts of distal interaction. Distal interaction behaviors occurred less frequently in working class dyads. While there were no differences between the British and American dyads on total time spent in distal interaction, the British dyads engaged in more toy-related games and American dyads exhibited more socially oriented interactions and games. The findings highlight the importance of cultural context in investigating early interactions. PMID- 7363739 TI - Social class differences in dyadic involvement during infancy. AB - The social interactions of 60 mother-infant pairs were observed for 25 min in a seminaturalistic setting when the infants were 6 months old and again at 20 months. 46 of the infants were termed at high risk for later school failure due to the socioeconomic situations of their families. Half of these high-risk infants had been randomly assigned to an early intervention program. The remaining group of 14 infants was a sample drawn from the general population. Principal components analyses of the 10 behaviors scored during the session yielded a first component at both 6 and 20 months which represented "dyadic involvement." Comparing the 3 groups of dyads on the proportion within each who scored positively on the dyadic-involvement component, it was evident that the groups did not differ at 6 months but did differ at 20 months. The changes in level of interaction across time were compared with changes in scores on developmental tests. Results indicated that higher dyadic involvement at 20 months was associated with higher intellectual performance. PMID- 7363740 TI - Sex differences in social responsiveness between six months and twelve months. AB - 14 male and 14 female infants were observed interacting with their mothers for 4 min in a free-play situation at 6, 9, and 12 months, using a cross-sectional design. Both mother and infant initiations of interaction and responses to the other's initiations were recorded using an observational technique similar to that used by Clarke-Stewart. There were no age or sex differences in either maternal responsiveness or the number of attempts the mothers made to initiate interaction with the infants. Although no sex difference in responsiveness was observed when the mother used toys to elicit the infant's attention, girls were significantly more responsive when the mother merely spoke to them (vocal initiations). The frequency of social initiations made by the infants increased significantly from 6 to 9 months, but at all 3 ages girls initiated more interactions than did boys. These sex differences in sociability did not reflect differences in the amount of time spent manipulating toys, nor did they reflect sex differences in the frequency of vocalizations, although between 6 and 9 months there was a significant increase for both sexes in the percentage of vocalizations which were used to initiate interactions. PMID- 7363742 TI - A comparison of children's spatial reasoning: rural Appalachia, suburban, and urban New England. AB - This study compared the developmental levels of spatial concepts in children from 3 different environments in the United States. Matched groups of 20 10-year-olds from a rural Appalachian community, a middle-class suburban community, and a lower-middle-class urban community were selected and given a Piaget-based map drawing task. 20 separate elements, each of which is a spatial concept applied to a map feature, were assessed for developmental level (1--6). The element scores were partitioned by individual spatial concept means and analyses of variance were performed on the partitioned scores to compare the groups' developmental levels. Scheffe tests for determining all possible comparisons were then performed on the partitioned scores reaching significance between the groups. Results showed that the suburban and urban groups' mean levels of development on each of the spatial concepts did not differ significantly, and that the Appalachian children performed significantly better than one or both of the other groups on 3 out of the 4 spatial concepts. These findings support research that has demonstrated social/environmental influences on cognitive development and present evidence that urban/suburban environments in the United States are not optimal for the development of all cognitive skills. PMID- 7363741 TI - Subjective uncertainty, variability of experience, and the infant's response to discrepancies. AB - 4-month-old infants were assessed in a habituation/discrepancy paradigm using random shapes to test several propositions deduced from the discrepancy hypothesis. First, an inverted-U distribution of attention was found for discrepancies produced by random shapes which differ in the density of contours or spatial frequencies rather than in terms of specific overt pattern. Second, the distribution of attention was more similar for discrepancies defined by increases and by decreases in contour density for random shapes than for checkerboard stimuli. This result supported the role of the hypothesized intervening variable of subjective uncertainty, because while simple checkerboards are subsets of more complex checkerboards, simple random shapes are not unmodified portions of more complex shapes. Third, greater variability of experience with stimuli about a given level of standard stimulation reduced attention to simple discrepancies but increased attention to larger magnitudes of more complex discrepancies. PMID- 7363743 TI - Discrimination of sound localization cues in young infants. AB - Infants 8 and 16 weeks old were tested in a visual fixation paradigm for the detection and use of sound localization cues. The effects of changes in both interaural intensity and interaural arrival time were assessed independently. For each trial, sounds were presented at the same time as visual displays located on both sides of the infant. The first eye movement and total looking time to each of the visual displays were noted by corneal reflection. Following a series of trials in which the apparent location of the sound was on 1 side, the apparent location was changed for a series of test trials. Neither age group responded with appropriate directional eye movements. The older infants did, however, show generally increased looking time on the test trials for both binaural cues. The 8 week-olds responded on test trials only when the interaural arrival time was changed. The data indicate that both binaural cues can be detected by 16-week-old infants although interaural arrival time was more salient in this paradigm. PMID- 7363745 TI - A general strategy for quantity judgments: the height width rule. AB - Previous work has found that 5-year-olds judge the area of rectangles by a height width rule. Present results indicated that 3- and 4-year-olds also judge area by a height width rule. This adding rule was interpreted in terms of a general purpose judgmental strategy that young children employ to make quantitative judgments. Both the use of a rating scale and the use of an adding rule in judgment indicate an impressive level of quantitative ability at a very early age. PMID- 7363746 TI - Development of the search-processing parameter. AB - A potentially important source of cognitive developmental variance is that associated with basic cognitive-processing efficiency. Discrepant findings from several studies have failed to establish convincingly whether developmental change exists in basic processing efficiency. Employing 2 different experimental tasks, memory and visual scanning, which permit the isolation of a theoretically similar process, that is, search, we examined age effects on the search processing parameter after analyzing it for convergent and discriminant validity. Each of the 96 subjects at 4 ages (9, 11, 13, and 15 years) completed both experiments. Validity evidence was obtained through a comparison of process and task intercorrelations, which revealed the former to be significantly more related than the latter (p less than .001). Also, significant age effects (p less than .001) were obtained for the search-processing parameter in both tasks, which provides evidence for the development of basic cognitive-processing efficiency. PMID- 7363744 TI - Infants' orientation to lateral sounds from birth to three months. AB - Head turning to off-centered sound was videotaped monthly in a group of infants during their first 3 months of life. Infants turned reliably toward the sound at birth and at 1 and 3 months of age. They failed to respond reliably at 2 months due to an increase in no-turn responses. Potential explanations for the temporary decline in orientation responses to sound are discussed. PMID- 7363747 TI - Developmental trends for auditory selective attention: dependence on central incidental word relations. AB - Using the central-incidental learning task, we examined central task scores and numbers of correctly recognized incidental words for 48 children each from the first, fourth, and seventh grades, and for 48 adults. Differences in developmental trends were observed for subjects who heard related pairs of central and incidental words (compound words), unrelated word pairs, and central words only (control condition). In experiment 2, when incidental words were rhymes or synonyms of central words, fourth graders performed as well as did adults in the central phase of the task. Also, fourth graders were as likely to recognize incidental words which had rhymed as those that had been synonyms of central words; adults recognized more synonyms than rhymes. The results of both experiments confirmed that researchers must assess the nature of the task demands, as well as differentiate between valiables affecting central versus incidental learning scores, in deriving estimates of selectivity. PMID- 7363748 TI - The effects of stimulus variability on overgeneralization and overdiscrimination errors in children and adults. AB - 64 subjects, aged 5, 7, 9, and adult, participated in a visual discrimination task. Standard photographs of adult models were accompanied by comparison photographs of either the same person as in the standard or a different person with systematic variation of both facial expression and attire. Subjects were asked if the person pictured in the standard was the same or different than the person in the comparison photograph. Subjects made fewer overgeneralization errors than overdiscrimination errors. The number of overdiscrimination errors varied with the age and sex of the subject and the pose and sex of the model. The number of overgeneralization errors varied with the age of the subject and the degree of similarity between the model pairs. PMID- 7363749 TI - On the nature of the visual-cliff-avoidance response in human infants. AB - 22 infants 6.7--12.3 months old were tested on a visual-cliff apparatus both crawling and in a walker. Experience with the walker ranged from 0.5 to 4.5 months; experience crawling from 0.1 to 4.8 months. A multivariate analysis of latencies to full support and to reach the mother showed a significant interaction between cliff side and type of locomotion. Latencies on the deep side were longer when crawling than when in the walker. Age and experience factors were examined as predictors of avoidance and nonavoidance behavior in the crawling condition. Stepwise discriminant analyses chose "age when first crawled" as the best predictor of avoidance behavior. While experience crawling was a significant predictor when entered into the analysis first, greater experience crawling predicted nonavoidance behavior. Further analysis suggests that the effect of experience was not independent of age when first crawled. These results argue for a maturation-based explanation of cliff avoidance and against an explanation in terms of reafferent information produced by experience locomoting. PMID- 7363750 TI - Tactile recognition memory in infants. AB - This experiment was conducted to determine whether infants can recognize the shapes of objects by touch alone. 25 1-year-olds were administered 2 tasks, each of which consisted of a familiarization stage followed by a recognition test stage. The familiarization stage of both tasks was identical in that infants manipulated objects in the light. The test stages differed with respect to the lighting conditions. In the first task infants manipulated familiar and novel objects in the light, and in the second task, in darkness. Behavior in darkness was videotaped by infrared recording. Recognition memory was determined by infants' differential manipulatory responsiveness to novel and familiar objects. In both the lighted and darkness tests infants engaged in significantly more manipulation, exhibited more mouthing, and displayed more hand-to-hand transfers with novel compared to familiar objects. These data provide initial evidence that infants are capable of tactile recognition memory. PMID- 7363751 TI - Auditory fusion in children. AB - "Auditory fusion" was defined in terms of a listener's ability to distinguish paired acoustic events from single acoustic events. Children from the ages of 3 12 years listened to 270 pairs of tones controlled for frequency, intensity, and duration. Stimuli consisted of numerous pairs of tone pulses, separated by interpulse intervals that varied systematically from 0 through 40 msec. Results indicate that (a) auditory fusion improves rapidly and in an orderly fashion between 3 and 8 years of age, (b) signal intensity affects the fusion point, and (c) stimulus frequency--253 hertz through 4,000 hertz, at 5-octave intervals- does not affect the fusion point. PMID- 7363752 TI - A comparison of preterm and full-term infants on auditory discrimination at four months and on Bayley Scales of Infant Development at eighteen months. AB - A variable-trials auditory discrimination procedure was employed to measure individual differences in stimulus encoding and memory among 4-month-old preterm and full-term infants who were equated on conceptional age. It was assumed that differences among individuals on this task would be predictive of cognitive functioning at 18 months. At 4 months, cardiac response to repetitive and novel auditory stimulation was assessed. At 18 months, infants were tested on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. When equated on level of maturity, preterm infants were indistinguishable from full-term infants in their rates of response decrement to stimulus repetition and in their subsequent response to a novel stimulus. Furthermore, these 2 groups did not differ in mental or motor performance at 18 months. A second finding was that responsiveness to auditory novelty at 4 months was a strong predictor of 18-month mental performance for females but not for males. Alternatively, rate of response decrement measured at 4 months was not predictive of Bayley scores for either sex. Auditory discrimination measures were unrelated to motor performance. PMID- 7363753 TI - Event perception by children in the early stages of language production. AB - The distribution of attention to the actors in a visual event and the influence of linguistic variables on attention were studied. 1-word and 2-word children viewed a filmed event that portrayed a brief agent-action-recipient sequence in the presence of a nonparticipant. The event was accompanied by linguistic input that was general or named an actor. A habituation paradigm was used with a cardiac response measure. Response recovery to brief occlusions of the actors in the test trials indicated the existence of a neutral period before the action began during which attention was evenly distributed across the actors. During and after the action, the agent commanded a priority in the distribution of attention. Naming an actor had a strong directing influence on attention in the neutral period and more limited effects on attention during and after the action. There were no effects of sex or language status. PMID- 7363754 TI - The emerging ability to comprehend language: an experimental approach. AB - A new methodology was introduced to study the emergence of language comprehension. 30 infants 9--17 months of age received naturalistic training on the name of a salient object in experiment 1 (e.g., live rabbit) and on the name of a simple action inexperiment 2 (e.g; pressing to activate a toy). In both experiments, infants were subsequently probed for recognition of the previously unfamiliar trained name, and responses were videotaped and scored for gaze, gesture, and vocalization. Comprehension was estimated for each individual on the basis of the infant's distribution of target, baseline, and false positive responses to target and control probes. Developmental change in the ability to comprehend trained names was analyzed across 3 age groups: 9--11 months, 12--14 months, and 15--17 months. Cross-sectional and longitudinal results from experiments 1 and 2 all demonstrate dramatic improvement in receptive language capacity over the age range studied. Discrepancies between the comprehension and production of trained names are discussed. PMID- 7363756 TI - [Modification of arginine residues of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase by 2,3 butanedione]. PMID- 7363755 TI - [Ultrastructure of synapses of midbrain periaqueductal gray matter]. PMID- 7363757 TI - [Changes in the concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid in the erythrocytes of rats during adaptation to hypoxia]. PMID- 7363758 TI - Physiotherapy in chest disease. PMID- 7363760 TI - Marriage guidance counselling in general practice. PMID- 7363759 TI - Inderal v. propranolol. PMID- 7363761 TI - [Double blind studies in acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7363763 TI - [Liability of the co-treating physician in non-compliance of the consulting physician]. PMID- 7363762 TI - [Indication for serum ferritin determination]. PMID- 7363764 TI - [Angiography in cerebral insufficiency]. PMID- 7363765 TI - [Cardioversion]. PMID- 7363767 TI - [Necrotising vasculitis in lympho-plasmocytoid immunocytoma (author's transl)]. AB - A 42-year-old patient died of fulminant necrotising vasculitis with acute renal failure. During life neither paraproteins nor immune complexes or cryo-globulins could be demonstrated in the blood. At necropsy an intraabdominal lympho plasmocytoid immunocytoma was found as underlying disease. PMID- 7363766 TI - [Surface decontamination in the control of hospital infections: comparison of different methods (author's transl)]. AB - Using a 1% aldehyde disinfectant the bacterial count was reduced by 84% by scrubbing the floor, by 60% with a wet mop and by 50% with a dry mop. However, two hours after floor disinfection the bacterial count was nearly back to pretreatment when walked on again. Disinfectant mats did not decrease bacterial count on the surface behind them. Plastic overshoes did not influence floor contamination. There was no significant difference regarding the infection rate, in an intensive care unit during a six-month period, between routine floor disinfection and cleaning without disinfectant. It is possible that by doing without routine floor disinfection something like 20 million DM can be saved per year. The World Health Organisation also recommends floor disinfection only immediately after contamination of the floor by infectious secretions. PMID- 7363768 TI - [Legionnaires' disease]. PMID- 7363769 TI - [Hypermotoric syndrome in childhood]. PMID- 7363770 TI - [Cough syncope]. PMID- 7363772 TI - [Rubber stockings in vein diseases]. PMID- 7363771 TI - [A new papillotoma for the Billroth II stomach]. PMID- 7363773 TI - [Tick encephalitis]. PMID- 7363774 TI - [Results of percutaneous radiotherapy of localized prostatic carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Analysing preliminary results of percutaneous radiotherapy on 79 patients with localized prostatic carcinoma, the uncorrected five-year survival rate of all patients was 67.3%, that in stage O, A and B 89.5% and that of patients in stage C and D 64.5%. The tumour-free five-year survival rate of all patients was 50.2%. In three patients there was a recurrence (4%), in four others severe side-effects (5%). There were no fatal complications. Radiotherapy can be considered to be an alternative to operation even when the tumour is limited to the prostate. PMID- 7363775 TI - [Malignant histiocytosis with cutaneous involvement: enzymecytochemical and immunocytological studies (author's transl)]. AB - Malignant histiocytosis with cutaneous involvement occurred in a 27-year-old man. There were generalized weakness, abdominal pain, lymphadenopathy, fever and firm, papulonodular cutaneous infiltrations. The tumour cells were identified as malignant histiocytes by specially adapted enzyme-cytochemical and immunocytological methods on cryostat sections and single-cell suspension from the cutaneous infiltrates. The malignant histiocytes are characterized by diffuse activity of esterases and acid phosphatase. In addition, tests in single-cell suspension make it possible to differentiate the cells further according to cytomorphological and enzyme-cytochemical criteria. PMID- 7363776 TI - [Sezary syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Morphological demonstration of the typical Sezary cell in peripheral blood confirmed the diagnosis of Sezary syndrome in a 64-year-old patient with generalized erythrodermia and typical histopathological skin changes. Enzymes and immunocytological membrane characteristics of Sezary cells changed in the course of the disease after cytostatic therapy. Polychemotherapy clinically led to transitory complete regression of skin changes. Reviewing the few published investigations it is found that the morphologically sufficiently defined Sezary cells are apparently not uniform cytochemically and immunocytologically in different patients. PMID- 7363777 TI - [Ketotifene in asthma in childhood]. PMID- 7363778 TI - [Arteriographic findings in a fast growing solid breast carcinoma]. PMID- 7363779 TI - [Streptokinase in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7363780 TI - [Diagnosis of chronic glaucoma]. PMID- 7363781 TI - [Hepatitic liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7363783 TI - [Skin pigmentations]. PMID- 7363782 TI - [Ovulation inhibitors in postnecrotic scar liver]. PMID- 7363784 TI - [The value of laboratory tests (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnostic significance of various laboratory tests was studied at a Medical University Clinic and a regional hospital. Requests for such tests were graded on admission according to the criteria: (a) necessary for differential diagnostic decision; (b) part of routine admission programme. Results were assessed according to the criteria: (a) clinical "proof"; (b) of value in differential diagnosis; (c) pointing to another diagnosis; (d) unhelpful. Analysis of the results provided an interesting agreement: all doctors graded seven to ten tests as necessary. Those with the highest information content were the classical tests -erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum-electrophoresis and blood sugar levels. 45.6% of those graded as necessary proved informative; 7.2% of routinely ordered tests provided pointers to another diagnosis. This percentage is the contribution of laboratory tests beyond what doctors consider as necessary for diagnosis. This additional value of laboratory tests is relatively high so that a reasonably extensive programme of laboratory tests on admission appears justified, especially if one adds the time factor to cost-effectiveness. PMID- 7363785 TI - [Effect of theophylline-ethylenediamine in obstructive lung disease (author's transl)]. AB - In 12 patients with obstructive respiratory tract disease there occurred a decrease in the mean respiratory tract resistance of maximally 37% and a fall in pulmonary artery pressure of maximally 28% six hours after oral administration of 700 mg theophylline-ethylenediamine (Aminophyllin retard). The effect lasted beyond the 12 hours of observation on the first day and, after 14-day administration of twice daily 350 mg, remained nearly unchanged. After two weeks there was a clinically significant increase in vital capacity averaging 13%, the residual volume decreased by 14%. PMID- 7363786 TI - [Burkitt lymphoma of African type in Europe (author's transl)]. AB - A 34-year-old German woman who had never been to Africa developed a Burkitt lymphoma of African type during the fifth month of pregnancy. The diagnosis was confirmed during life by cytological and virological tests. There was a markedly increased antibody titre against the Epstein-Barr virus in serum as well as virus antigen in the tumour tissue. There was extensive involvement of almost all abdominal organs and of the breast. After spontaneous abortion of a female foetus in the sixth month of pregnancy cytostatic treatment was started, but without achieving remission. The patient died five weeks after admission to hospital; the autopsy confirmed the clinical findings. PMID- 7363787 TI - [Experiences as patient of an intensive care unit and recommendations for a humanization of such a ward]. PMID- 7363788 TI - [Risk of angiographies in local and general anesthesia]. PMID- 7363790 TI - [Miction syncope]. PMID- 7363789 TI - [Abortions--statistics and reality]. PMID- 7363791 TI - [Therapy of toxic colonic dilatation]. PMID- 7363792 TI - [Organization of emergency service in the Bundes-Angestelltenvertrag]. PMID- 7363793 TI - [Cardially caused liver congestion]. PMID- 7363794 TI - [Serologic rubella diagnosis in pregnancy]. PMID- 7363795 TI - [Hospital-acquired serum hepatitis (author's transl)]. AB - During a prospective study of blood transfusions at the Cardiac Surgery Unit of the University Surgical Clinic, Free University, Berlin, a patient developed hepatitis B although he had not received any blood transfusion. Soon after, two further patients developed B-hepatitis and a third had HBs-antigenaemia. A virus marker confirmed the infectious pathways. None of the three infected patients had received foreign blood or large-pool clotting preparations. These special circumstances made it possible to diagnose hospital-acquired serum hepatitis. Otherwise all three cases would probably have been considered as caused by transfusion of foreign blood or blood products. It is, therefore, recommended that in similar cases one should speak of hospital-acquired hepatitis and of transfusion hepatitis only when this can be proven. PMID- 7363797 TI - [On the treatment of chronic progressive radiation myelopathy (author's transl)]. AB - Administration of Actihaemyl (protein-free blood extract) brought about rapid and almost complete remission in a case of rapidly progressive myelopathy after radiotherapy of cervical and thoracic lymph-nodes in a 19-year-old male with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7363796 TI - [Interaction of quinidine and digitoxin in the human (author's transl)]. AB - With a daily maintenance dose of 0.1 mg digitoxin a mean steady state digitoxin serum concentration of 17.0 +/- 3.2 ng/ml was measured in 10 male probands. When 750 mg of quinidine bisulphate were administered at the same time digitoxin concentration increased significantly to 22.4 +/- 4.2 ng/ml (P less than 0.0005). The serum half life of digitoxin during quinidine treatment was significantly increased to 10.8 +/- 2.1 days compared to a control group with 7.6 +/- 1.6 days (P less than 0.0025). Protein binding of digitoxin, renal digitoxin excretion and renal digitoxin clearance were equally uninfluenced by quinidine as were endogenous creatinine clearance and sodium and potassium excretion in urine. In two patient with cardiac insufficiency there was likewise a significant increase in digitoxin serum concentration. For clinical application of combined therapy of quinidine and digitoxin the danger of digitalis intoxication seems to be less in comparison to digoxin as increase of digitoxin concentration in serum is lower than of digoxin. PMID- 7363798 TI - [Treatment of kidney failure in idiopathic rhabdomyolysis with cortisone, cyclophosphamide and vincristine]. PMID- 7363799 TI - [Mixed preparations--a therapeutic error?]. PMID- 7363800 TI - [Typical face neuralgias]. PMID- 7363801 TI - [Typical face neuralgias]. PMID- 7363802 TI - [Letality in gastroscopies]. PMID- 7363803 TI - [Nocturnal calf cramps]. PMID- 7363804 TI - [Diarrhea in infancy]. PMID- 7363805 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis]. PMID- 7363806 TI - [Carnitine deficiency myopathy (author's transl)]. AB - Carnitine is a carrier for the transport of long-chain fatty acids from the cytoplasmic to the mitochondrial space. So far 18 cases of carnitine deficiency myopathy have been recognized, generally occurring as progressive or relapsing myopathy. In contrast episodic exercise-induced myalgia and paresis was found in a 46-year-old patient with carnitine deficiency myopathy which was quickly reversible at rest. As a consequence of this observation carnitine deficiency myopathy must be added to the differential diagnosis of the McArdle syndrome (muscular phosphorylase deficiency) and other "exercise myopathies". PMID- 7363807 TI - [Computer tomography in the diagnosis of adrenal disease (author's transl)]. AB - Computer tomography of the adrenals was performed on 35 patients. Abnormal findings were noted in 19, histologically confirmed in 14. In the course of localization of endocrine processes, as well as in elucidating suspected tumours, a normal adrenal gland can be visualised by computer tomography in over 90% of instances, and lesions detected if greater than 0.5--1.0 cm in diameter. It should be used after all clinical and biochemical tests and conventional radiological measures have been employed, invasive angiography being reserved only for special problem cases. PMID- 7363808 TI - [Wilson' disease: rapid diagnosis and differentiation of heterozygous and homozygous carriers with 64CuCl2 (author's transl)]. AB - In the modified radiocopper test, a constant amount of copper and not of radioactivity is injected, a difference being made between males and females. The rate of incorporation of 64Cu into caeruloplasmin and urinary excretion of nuclides is measured. It is a method with low radiation exposure, providing a definite diagnosis after 30 hours. This was demonstrated in 27 homozygous patients, 30 parents and 33 siblings, and 25 controls: a clear-cut diagnosis was made in all untreated homozygous patients. In five of eight patients treated with D-penicillamine for several years, the values were in the range of heterozygotes, so that the test makes treatment control possible. The recognition of heterozygous carriers is interfered with by contraceptives and infections. The results in control subjects were all widely outside the range for patients with Wilson's disease. PMID- 7363809 TI - [Intestinal parasites in vietnamese fugitives]. PMID- 7363810 TI - [Early diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. Diagnostic security of occult blood in feces in carcinoma mass screening]. PMID- 7363811 TI - [Streptokinase in arterial occlusions of upper extremities]. PMID- 7363812 TI - [Heart rupture]. PMID- 7363813 TI - [Diagnosis of Prinzmetal angina]. PMID- 7363814 TI - [Hemoperfusion for therapy of severe digitalis intoxication?]. PMID- 7363815 TI - [Sulfinpyrazone following myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7363816 TI - [Exertion hypertension]. PMID- 7363817 TI - [Serum triglycerides]. PMID- 7363818 TI - [Non-invasive method for recognition of coronary artery spasm: 201thallium sequential scintigraphy of the myocardium after ergotamine provocation (author's transl)]. AB - For evaluation of coronary artery spasm 201thallium sequential scintigraphy of the myocardium after ergotamine provocation was performed in 10 patients with recurrent angina pectoris at rest and normal exercise ECG. In 9 out of the 10 patients ergotamine administration in the same dosage was repeated during the coronary angiography. A reversible defect in the 201thallium scintigram representative of regional myocardial ischaemia developed in 9 patients after ergotamine. Only in 4 out of the 9 patients angina pectoris and ST elevation were present at the same time. In all cases coronary spasm after ergotamine was demonstrable in the coronary angiogram; in the 4 patients with ergotamine-induced Prinzmetal angina pectoris it consisted of complete vascular occlusion, in the asymptomatic patients of incomplete vascular narrowing of a higher degree. In all cases the spasm could be relieved by ergotamine antidotes within a few minutes. PMID- 7363819 TI - [Cardiac rupture: histological study of ruptured and non-ruptured myocardial infarcts (author's transl)]. AB - 178 myocardial infarcts with wall rupture and 116 without were studied histologically. Mean morphological age of the infarct was 3.7 in the ruptured and 2.9 days in the non-ruptured cases. 57.7% of patients had died within the first 24 hours from a non-ruptured infarct. Death rate within the first 24 hours after infarction was 57.7% among the non-ruptured cases, 25.8% among those with rupture. 23.1% of infarcts had ruptured between the third and fourth day. Only 5.1% of patients with non-ruptured infarcts had died on the third or fourth day. Transmural infarction was present in 71.7% of those that had ruptured. The ruptured channel in general ran through the middle of the necrotic-infarcted, leucocyte-infiltrated myocardium. Infarct recurrence was demonstrated in 20% of ruptured and 73% of non-ruptured infarcts. Morphological comparison indicated that transmural infarction and marked leucocytic reaction in a not previously infarct-damaged myocardium are the main causes for rupture in myocardial infarction. PMID- 7363820 TI - [Electrode fracture in pacemaker patients (author's transl)]. AB - Electrode fracture is a serious late complication of pacemaker implantation. This complication was observed in 33 patients within 3 years whereby the interval between electrode implantation and fracture was on average 35 (12--113) months. The cause lay partly in the electrodes themselves--in all cases singly wound spiral electrodes--and partly in technical deficiencies in the extrathoracic loop formation. Attention is drawn to the fact that fracture has never occurred in the Elema electrode type 588 used routinely by the authors. PMID- 7363821 TI - [Dangerous "upper outside" quadrant]. PMID- 7363822 TI - [Light-caused skin reaction in dacarbazine therapy]. PMID- 7363823 TI - [Thrombocythemia as cause of migraine accompagnee]. PMID- 7363824 TI - [Serum ferritin determination in renal anemia]. PMID- 7363825 TI - [Therapy of primary biliary cirrhosis]. PMID- 7363826 TI - [Problems of digoxin therapy]. PMID- 7363827 TI - [Advances and limits of sonographic biliary tract diagnosis]. PMID- 7363828 TI - [Liability of the insurance physician for false annotations of the substitute in practice]. PMID- 7363830 TI - [Peritoneal mesothelioma]. PMID- 7363829 TI - ["Schnitzer diet" in diabetes mellitus?]. PMID- 7363831 TI - [Isolation in suspicion of meningitis]. PMID- 7363832 TI - [Brucellosis]. PMID- 7363833 TI - [Asymptomatic haematuria (author's transl)]. AB - Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis of varying severity was found by renal biopsy in 86.2% among 130 patients with asymptomatic haematuria. 3.2% had benign nephrosclerosis, 3.2% had benign nephrosclerosis, 1.6% had interstitial nephritis and one patient showed a previously undiagnosed perimembranous glomerulonephritis. Normal renal parenchyma was observed in only 6.9% of cases. Iummunohistological findings were positive in 25.7% of investigated cases. The majority were IgA deposits combined with IgG and C3 complement. The intensity of haematuria is not correlated with the type and severity of histological changes. "Physiological" haematuria (erythrocytes less than 7/ml) which is usually considered normal must be re-evaluated as a consequence of these histological findings. After exclusion of urological or extrarenal disease only histological investigation of the kidneys will bring the final diagnosis. Repeated radiographical or urological investigations can thus be avoided. The risks of percutaneous renal biopsy under fluoroscopic or sonographic control are decidedly less than the information gained from histological evaluation. The different histological findings indicate that isolated haematuria should be considered only as a symptom and not as a uniform disease indicating focal nephritis. PMID- 7363834 TI - [The effects of "relaxing music" on patients, doctors and nursing staff of a medical intensive care unit (author's transl)]. AB - With the intention of reducing the psychological stress and anxiety of patients during their admission to the medical intensive care unit, specially selected and prepared instrumental music was played over a loud speaker to the patient cubicles. The patients' opinions on the programme and their subjective state of health were determined by a questionnaire. 78% of the patients felt that their well-being was improved by the music. With the exception of 7%, who were disturbed by the music, all other patients found it reassuring, diverting, hypnotic or entertaining. In addition to the patients 11 doctors and 16 nurses from the intensive care unit as well as 38 doctors and 80 nurses from 39 medical intensive care units in German university clinics and large hospitals were asked for their opinions on the use of music for intensive care patients. PMID- 7363835 TI - [Legionnaires' disease: a cause of pulmonary fibrosis and bronchopulmonary disease? (author's transl)]. AB - Antibody titres against Legionella pneumophila (serogroups 1 and 2) were determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test on 206 patients with various forms of bronchopulmonary disease. In one third of cases there was a very weak titre (1:32 to 1:64), a moderately to markedly elevated one against one or both bacterial strains (greater than or equal to 1:128) in 4%. In one of four cases with a titre greater than or equal to 1:512 Legionnaires' disease, contracted via an air-conditioning unit, was suspected. In another case there was probably chronic Legionnaires' disease with subsequent pulmonary fibrosis. In the remaining two cases chronic Legionnaires' disease was the likely diagnosis, the clinical picture being one of nonspecific bronchopneumonia. These findings suggest that the causative organism of Legionnaires' disease is widespread also in Southern Germany and that the disease does not always lead to severe pneumonic complications. PMID- 7363836 TI - [Self-control of blood sugar with a new blood sugar test strip (author's transl)]. AB - Blood sugar self-control was assessed in 20 in-patients using a new blood sugar test strip, Haemo-Glukotest 20--800. Comparative estimations of 445 strip tests with values obtained by the hexokinase method showed good correlations particularly in the low range below the renal threshold. Nearly 70% of measurements were assessed correctly in this range. Mean deviations of test strip results from the corresponding laboratory value were 0.61 to 0.89 mmol/l (11--16 mg/dl). Haemo-Glukotest 20--800 is thus well suited for blood glucose self control particularly in the range below the renal threshold. In a survey most patients estimated the importance of blood sugar to be more than that of urinary sugar. PMID- 7363837 TI - Rational treatment of diverticular disease. PMID- 7363839 TI - Peripheral vasodilator drugs: a misnomer. PMID- 7363838 TI - Topical corticosteroids: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use. AB - The development of topical corticosteroids has enabled many dermatoses to be more effectively treated than previously, but there is also no doubt that misuse of these preparations can lead to troublesome local effects and potentially serious systemic problems. The most effective assay for comparing different compounds has been their vasoconstrictive activity, and this on the whole correlates well with clinical effect. To be effective, corticosteroid must be absorbed and the importance of concentration, occlusion, the type of vehicle, added penetrants such as urea and the anatomical site, on the amount of absorption and therefore on clinical activity has been demonstrated. Ointments have been shown to be more effective than creams but because of the considerable choice of potencies now available most dermatologists tend to prescribe the different formulations according to the wishes of the patient. For the same reason, dilution of the commercially marketed preparations is now not generally recommended. The main therapeutic activity of topical corticosteroids is their nonspecific anti inflammatory effect, thought to be primarily a result of their action on the chemical mediators of inflammation. They have also been shown to be antimitotic which may well be relevant not only to the treatment of scaling dermatoses but also to their dermal thinning effect resulting from inhibition of fibroblasts. Combinations of corticosteroids with antibacterial and antifungal agents have been shown to be very effective in flexural eruptions and secondarily infected dermatoses. As a general rule, the use of topical corticosteroids in outpatients, unless badly misused, is not associated with any significant risk of adrenal axis suppression, but care must be exercised as to the amount prescribed, especially if large areas of the body are to be treated with highly potent preparations. Certain groups such as young children and patients with liver failure, and certain anatomical sites such as the flexures and face appear much more prone to side effects, and in these cases mild or moderate compounds should be used in preference to the stronger preparations. PMID- 7363840 TI - Problems in the treatment of urinary tract infections. PMID- 7363841 TI - Complications following second-ear stapedectomy. PMID- 7363843 TI - Bekesy audiometry. PMID- 7363842 TI - Branchial cysts and fistulas. PMID- 7363844 TI - Eyelid trauma. PMID- 7363845 TI - Civilian neck injuries: a review. PMID- 7363846 TI - Rhinoscleroma as a cause of airway obstruction. PMID- 7363850 TI - Complications of posterior epistaxis. PMID- 7363848 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis of the oropharynx. PMID- 7363851 TI - Scleral homografts in tympanic-membrane reconstruction. PMID- 7363847 TI - Benign mesenchymoma. PMID- 7363849 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck. PMID- 7363852 TI - Bilateral antrochoanal polyps. PMID- 7363853 TI - Stapedectomy and the labyrinthine reaction in the contralateral ear. PMID- 7363854 TI - Direct detection of the vasopressin precursor. AB - Cysteine-rich proteins were isolated from the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal tract of dogs by high performance molecular weight chromatography. Trypsin digestion of these proteins produced a low molecular weight (LMW) peptide which was identified, by chemical and immunological assays, as (Arg8) vasopressin. There appear to be two forms of the precursor protein, one which has vasopressin immunoreactivity, and one which does not. Trypsin digestion of this latter protein produces high as well as LMW immunoreactivity. This suggests that the non immunoreactive protein may be the precursor to the immunoreactive protein. PMID- 7363855 TI - Differential effects of estrogens in tissues: a comparison of estrogen receptor in rabbit uterus and vagina. PMID- 7363856 TI - Acetylcholine receptors in the rat anterior pituitary gland. PMID- 7363857 TI - Divergent changes of thyroxine-5'-monodeiodination in rat pituitary and liver during maturation. AB - T4-5'-monodeiodination in pituitary fragments and liver homogenates, serum thyroid hormones, an index of serum thyroid hormone protein binding, and serum TSH were measured in rats aged 2-72 days. Serum T4, T3, and TSH concentrations were lower in the 2-, 4-, and 9-day-old rats than in adult rats. The serum thyroid hormone-binding index was highest in neonatal rats, fell to a nadir at 21 days, and rose thereafter. The intrapituitary T4-5'-monodeiodination rate was 3.5 times the 72-day value in 2- and 4-day-old rats and fell to the 72-day value by 30 days of age. T4-5'-monodeiodination rates in liver homogenates were lower than the adult values in 2-, 4-, and 9-day-old rats, reaching the adult value in 21 day-old rats. When 5 mM dithiothreitol were included in the liver homogenate incubations, the absolute T4-5'-monodeiodination rates were increased, and the differences among 2-, 4-, 9-, 21-, and 72-day-old rats were abolished. Increased rates of intrapituitary T4-5'-monodeiodination may, in part, account for lower serum TSH concentrations in neonatal rats than in adults despite the lower serum T4 concentrations in the former. The differences between changes in pituitary and liver T4-5'-monodeiodination during maturation provide further evidence for local rather than systemic regulation of this reaction. PMID- 7363858 TI - The estrogen receptor in rat liver: quantitative and qualitative analysis by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. PMID- 7363859 TI - Development of tolerance to the prolactin-releasing action of morphine and its modulation by hypothalamic dopamine. AB - Exogenous and endogenous opioids are known to stimulate PRL release by the anterior pituitary. Morphine and the opioid peptides [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin and beta-endorphin have also been shown to decrease dopamine (DA) release by nerve terminals in the median eminence. The present study examined the ability of morphine sulfate (MS) to decrease DA turnover in the median eminence and increase plasma PRL concentrations in rats made tolerant to opioids by chronic treatment with MS. In naive rats, MS (10 mg/kg, sc) caused a mean increase in serum PRL of 79 ng/ml. After treatment with increasing doses of MS for 4 days, the same dose of MS caused an increase of only 18 ng/ml, indicating that tolerance to the PRL releasing action of MS occurred. In the same animals, tolerance to the ability of MS to slow DA turnover in the median eminence also occurred, as demonstrated by an attenuation of the action of MS to decrease median eminence DA turnover. These results are consistent with the idea that MS and endogenous opioids increase the rate of release of PRL from the adenohypophysis by slowing the release of DA from the median eminence. This, in turn, results in a decrease in the inhibitory tone exerted on pituitary lactotropic cells and, consequently, a greater rate of PRL release. PMID- 7363860 TI - A relationship between adenosine 5'-triphosphate and pregnenolone syntheses by ovarian mitochondria as demonstrated with aminoglutethimide. AB - Aminoglutethimide, an inhibitor of pregnenolone synthesis, was used to study the relationship between oxidative phosphorylation and steroidogenesis in ovarian mitochondria. In vitro addition of aminoglutethimide to mitochondria prepared from porcine corpora lutea resulted in a decrease in oxygen uptake and an increase in the ADP to oxygen ratio, with maximal changes occurring at a concentration of 300 microM. Similar decreases in oxygen uptake were seen when aminoglutethimide was added to ovarian mitochondria from untreated and PMS gonadotropin-treated immature rats and intact and hypophysectomized mature rats. Also, aminoglutethimide increased the ADP to oxygen ratio in ovarian mitochondria from PMS gonadotropin-treated immature rats and intact mature rats. The addition of aminoglutethimide to luteal mitochondria inhibited their [4-14C]cholesterol conversion activity but increased their ATP synthesis rate by 25%. It is concluded that inhibition of ovarian mitochondrial steroidogenesis by aminoglutethimide is accompanied by both a decrease in oxygen consumption and an increase in ATP synthesis. PMID- 7363861 TI - Kinetics of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and replication of thyrotrophs and somatotrophs during development of hypothyroidism and L-triiodothyronine treatment of hypothyroid rats. PMID- 7363862 TI - Qualitative change in gonadotropin during normal aging in the male rat. AB - In the present work we have compared a pituitary LH extract and circulating LH from adult male rats (5 months old) with those from rats 10, 13, or 24 months old. The pituitary and circulating forms of LH prepared from old animals had a higher apparent molecular weight, judged by gel filtration, than LH preparations from younger animals. This difference may be due to increased sialic acid content of the larger form, since simultaneous neuraminidase treatment of this gonadotropin preparation and our internal reference standard ([125I]LH prepared from a normal adult rat) abolished the apparent size difference. In addition, the larger form prepared from old rats was cleared more slowly from the circulation of immature females than the form prepared from young rats. The apparent increase in sialation during normal aging could be mimicked in young animals which were castrated. Injections of testosterone propionate reversed the effect in both castrates and old animals. The data suggest that the diminished levels of metabolically active testosterone or other steroid metabolites in old male rats may result in qualitative alterations in the stored and released forms of LH. PMID- 7363863 TI - Formation of 5 beta- and 5 alpha-products as major C19-steroids from progesterone in vitro in immature golden hamster testes. AB - Testicular homogenates from 8- to 55-day-old golden hamsters were incubated with [3H]progesterone, [14C]-progesterone, [3H]5 beta-pregnane-3,20-dione, [14C]progesterone plus [3H]5 beta-pregnane-3,20-dione, and [14C]progesterone plus [3H]5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione and NADPH. After incubation, the radioactive products were separated and identified by column and paper chromatographies with derivative formation and recrystallization to constant specific activity. The major C21-17-hydroxysteroids and C19-steroids formed from progesterone by the testes of immature golden hamsters were 5 beta- and 5 alpha-steroids, such as 3 alpha,17-dihydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one, etiocholanolone, 5 beta-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol, 3 alpha,17-dihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, androsterone, and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol. Incubation studies with the testes of the immature hamsters showed that the 5 alpha-C19-steroids were produced from progesterone mainly through 5 alpha-C21-steroids such as 3 alpha,17-dihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, while the 5 beta-C19-steroids were formed through androstenedione and testosterone. The major steroids formed by the testes of suckling and adult animals were 17-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3,20-dione, androstenedione, and testosterone, and little or no 5 beta- and 5 alpha-steroids were produced. The present results demonstrate for the first time that 5 beta-C19-steroids are major C19-steroid products of the gonad. PMID- 7363864 TI - Luteotropic role of estrogen in early pregnancy in the rat. PMID- 7363865 TI - The effect of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone on prostaglandin production by human endometrium maintained in organ culture. AB - Endometrium collected from 18 normal women at various stages of the menstrual cycle was maintained in organ culture for periods of 6 days. Both prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and PGE were detected in medium from late proliferative (days 10-14; n = 13) and late secretory (days 20-26; n = 5) endometria cultured in the absence of exogenous steroids. During the first 48 h in culture, the output of PGF2 alpha by secretory endometrium was significantly greater than that of proliferative tissue. The addition of 17 beta-estradiol to the culture medium at doses ranging from 1.0-100.0 ng/ml induced a significant increase in the output of PGF2 alpha by secretory but not proliferative endometria. The addition of progesterone at doses ranging from 5.0-500.0 ng/ml significantly reduced the output of PGF2 alpha and PGE by both proliferative and secretory endometria and prevented the 17 beta-estradiol-stimulated increase in PGF2 alpha output by secretory tissue. PMID- 7363867 TI - [Monomeric and dimeric forms of human somatotropin in the treatment of children with pituitary dwarfism]. PMID- 7363866 TI - Effects of starvation on in vivo gluconeogenesis in hypo- and hyperthyroid rats. AB - Studies were performed on rats in vivo to determine whether starvation disrupts glucose metabolic balance after removal of the thyroid gland. Intact controls and thyroidectomized rats were injected daily with 0, 0.1, 1.8, or 25 microgram L T4/100 g BW. Glucose spaces were similar in all groups. The disappearance of labeled glucose from blood was faster in the thyroidectomized rats injected with 25 microgram L-T4 than in the other groups. Starvation enhanced the production of [14C]glucose from [3-14C]pyruvate in all groups, but this effect occurred earlier in control rats and thyroidectomized rats given 1.8 or 25 microgram L-T4 than in thyroidectomized rats given either 0 or 0.1 microgram L-T4. Starvation also enhanced the appearance of radioactivity in liver glycogen 30 min after the injection of [3-14C]pyruvate in all groups, but this effect was lesser in thyroidectomized rats given 0, 0.1, or 25 microgram L-T4 than in other groups. The normal net production of glucose in fed thyroidectomized rats may be the result of a balanced equilibrium between reduced gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. Results obtained in thyroidectomized rats given 25 microgram L-T4 are discussed in terms of the augmented utilization of the newly formed glucose which compensates for their enhanced gluconeogenesis. PMID- 7363868 TI - [Secretion of growth hormone in women with hyperostosis frontalis interna]. PMID- 7363869 TI - Effects of single large dose of hydrocortisone and actinomycin D on alanine aminotransferase and fructose-1,6-biphosphate aldolase activities in guinea pig subcellular liver fractions. PMID- 7363870 TI - Gastric lipid islands in the gastric stump and in non-operated stomach. AB - The lipid islands in the gastric mucosa are small, well delimited white or yellowish-white patches varying in diameter from 0.5 to 3 millimeters. Microscopically they constitute accumulations of macrophages full of lipids. This endoscopic and histological finding was observed in 0.38% of patients who had not undergone gastric resection, and in 18.0% of those who had the intervention, the basis being a case-list of 1381 endoscopic examinations of the upper digestive tract. The endoscopic and histological aspects and the clinical correlations of the gastric lipid islands are discussed, emphasizing the importance of biliary reflux as an etiological factor. The presence of gastric lipid islands must be considered as the expression of a prolonged inflammatory process of the gastric mucosa. PMID- 7363871 TI - Clinical application of an improved magnifying fiber-colonoscope (FCS-ML II), with special reference to the remission features of ulcerative colitis. AB - We have adapted a new, high-performance magnifying fibercolonoscope (FCS-ML II) developed by Machida Industries, for clinical use. We have observed the remission process of ulcerative colitis with this new instrument and have compared our findings with those obtained by clinical examination, X-ray, ordinary gastroscope, and histologic examination of biopsy specimens. Our results show that the findings of magnifying fiber-colonoscopy correspond to those obtained with biopsy and histology, indicating that this new instrument promises to be a highly effective tool for the accurate assessment of the degree of remission of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7363872 TI - Resection of bronchial chondroma through the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. AB - Bronchial chondromas are usually treated by thoracotomy and resection of a lung segment or lung lobe. This case report describes the endobronchial resection of a bronchial chondroma by flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in a 61-year-old man. PMID- 7363873 TI - Agiolax bolus in the esophagus. Report of two cases. AB - Two cases of intermittent obstruction of the esophagus by the laxative Agiolax, proven by endoscopy and barium swallow, are described. The patients took an overdose of one and two tablespoons of Agiolax, respectively; they had no disorders of the esophagus. Symptoms of obstruction subsided spontaneously after 24 and 36 hours respectively. PMID- 7363874 TI - Malignant melanoma metastatic to the stomach: endoscopic diagnosis and findings. AB - A case of melanoma metastatic to the stomach, first diagnosed by direct biopsy is reported. The endoscopic and morphologic features of the metastatic lesions are described, together with evolutive aspects noted during follow up. PMID- 7363875 TI - Site of action of metals on the aminolevulinic acid dehydratase of human erythrocytes. AB - The site of action of four metals (copper, lead, nickel and zinc) on the aminolevulinic acid dehydratase of human erythrocytes was studied. Data obtained after denaturation of allosteric sites with heat treatment and after simultaneous incubation with two metals suggest the following conclusions: copper acts on the catalytic site, whereas lead, nickel and zinc act on the allosteric sites; zinc and nickel act on the same allosteric (metallic) site; zinc and lead only partially act on the same metallic site; nickel and lead act on different allosteric sites. PMID- 7363876 TI - A new spectrophotometric assay for enzymes of purine metabolism. IV. Determination of adenosine deaminase. AB - A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of adenosine deaminase is described. Adenosine is deaminated to inosine, the latter is cleaved by an inosine-guanosine specific nucleoside phosphorylase to hypoxanthine and ribose-1 phosphate. Hypoxanthine can be oxidized further to uric acid by xanthine oxidase or to allantoin by xanthine oxidase and uricase. The hydrogen peroxide formed in these reactions is reduced by catalase to water. In the presence of high concentrations of ethanol, equivalent amounts of acetaldehyde are produced. The acetaldehyde is oxidized NAD(P) dependent and the production rate of NAD(P)H is recorded at 334 nm. The new method is suitable for the detection of adenosine deaminase in whole blood, lymphocytes, sera and tissues. PMID- 7363877 TI - Increased creatine kinase BB activity in rat plasma induced by hypoxia. AB - Rats show an elevated creatine kinase (CK) activity in plasma after a 20-hour exposure to hypoxia. The increase of CK activity is essentially caused by CK-BB activity attaining its maximum at the 3rd day after exposure to hypoxia. The possibility of establishing a potential brain damage by determining CK-BB activity in plasma is discussed. PMID- 7363878 TI - Mechanism of the reaction of thrombin with fibrin in a bovine system. AB - The application of the Freundlich equation suggested by Seegers et al. for the description of thrombin (EC 3.4.21.5) adsorption by fibrin is inadequate in the (i) an exception has to be assumed for the interpretation of the thrombin adsorption by fibrin at higher concentrations of thrombin, and (ii) no comprehensive reaction mechanism between thrombin and fibrin is further indicated by this suggestion. Existing data are shown to suggest an interpretation which (i) may provide an explanation for the existing data without irregularity and (ii) may have implications for the mechanism of thrombin equilibrium-binding to fibrin. PMID- 7363879 TI - Plasma and sweat electrolyte concentrations in the horse during long distance exercise. AB - Blood samples were taken from 20 horses competing in a 100 km endurance ride and plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate and protein measured. Measurements were performed on samples taken before the ride (pre ride), at the mid point and end of the ride and after a 30 min recovery period (post-ride). Sweat samples were collected from 6 horses competing in the endurance ride and 14 horses competing in a 3-day event competition and sweat concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride measured. There were substantial decreases in plasma electrolyte concentrations, which were greater than previously reported. Decreases from pre to post ride samples of 5 mmol/1 of sodium, 1.2 mmol/1 of potassium and 16 mmol/1 of chloride were found. These losses appeared to be related directly to sweat electrolyte concentrations, where potassium and chloride had relatively greater concentrations than in plasma. PMID- 7363880 TI - Pathophysiological changes associated with Parascaris equorum infection in the foal. AB - The mechanisms involved in the pathophysiological disturbances associated with the presence of mature Parascaris equorum in the small intestine were investigated with radioisotopic techniques. The results suggested that, compared with worm-free controls, infected foals had a reduction in gut motility, an increase in the body solids ratio, a lowering of the body pool of albumin and a decreased ability to incorporate dietary methionine into plasma protein. PMID- 7363881 TI - Infectious necrotic hepatitis (black disease) in a horse. PMID- 7363883 TI - Haematology as an aid to prognosis of chronic laminitis. PMID- 7363882 TI - Effects of furosemide on pulmonary arterial pressures of normal horses and horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PMID- 7363884 TI - A comparison of isometric strength and dynamic lifting capability. PMID- 7363885 TI - Static lifting strength and maximal isometric voluntary contractions of back, arm and shoulder muscles. PMID- 7363886 TI - Maximum voluntary strengths of male adults in some lifting, pushing and pulling activities. PMID- 7363887 TI - Oral temperature, circadian rhythm amplitude, ageing and tolerance to shift-work. PMID- 7363888 TI - Female hand dimensions and guarding of machines. PMID- 7363889 TI - Continuous field monitoring of deep body temperature from the skin surface using subject-borne portable equipment: some preliminary observations. PMID- 7363891 TI - Sequence organisation in nuclear DNA from Physarum polycephalum. Interspersion of repetitive and single-copy sequences. AB - Nuclear DNA from Physarum polycephalum is shown to contain three sequence components by reassociation kinetic analysis; a foldback component consisting of 6% of the DNA, a component with the properties of repetitive sequences comprising 31% of the DNA, and a majority component containing 63% of the DNA which reassociates with the kinetics characteristic of single-copy sequences. The complement of repetitive sequences is comprised of about 80 families of repeated elements, each containing approximately 1800 repeats per family. On average, these sequences are 6.4% richer in guanine and cytosine than total Physarum nuclear DNA. The repetitive sequences within a single family appear not to be identical, since on denaturation and annealing they give rise to collections of heteroduplexes less stable than native DNA. It is calculated that these duplexes are about 10% mismatched on average. Hydroxyapatite binding of DNA fragments of different sizes containing reassociated repeated elements demonstrates that these sequences are interspersed with single-copy sequences in a large portion of the Physarum genome. These observations are confirmed by direct examination of reassociated DNA using the electron microscope. In this manner it is shown that repetitive sequence elements possess a wide spectrum of lengths averaging 590 nucleotide residues, and they are separated by intervening segments of DNA about 930 residues in length. PMID- 7363890 TI - The interaction of chromatin with alkylating agents. The monofunctional action of bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine. AB - The reaction of L5178Y lymphoblast cell chromatin with the alkylating agent bis(2 chloroethyl)methylamine has been studied as a function of time, pH and reagent concentration. The reaction with DNA of chromatin from which the proteins were dissociated, as well as with purified calf thymus DNA, was studied in parallel. The extent of alkylation of DNA in intact chromatin was 4--5 times as much as in parallel free DNA samples; up to 4% of nucleotide base pairs were substituted. The extent of monofunctional substitution of the proteins was similar, on a weight basis, to that of DNA. Chromatographic analysis of the depurinated products showed that in chromatin, as in DNA, position N-7 of guanine is the major site of reaction. Up to 25% of the reaction products were guanines cross linked as bis(2-guanin-7-yl-ethyl)methylamine, indicating a considerable degree of DNA-DNA cross linking. Column analysis shows that up to 40% of the nuclear proteins are cross-linked to DNA at 10 mM bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine. The increased reactivity of intact chromatin is interpreted in terms of a conformational change in the position of the DNA bases when in the organized nucleohistone complex. PMID- 7363892 TI - Modification of rat hemopexin properties upon heme binding. AB - Rat hemopexin and its complex with heme were found to have the same Stokes' radius, 3.9 nm, as determined by gel filtration. Therefore no polymerisation occurs as a result of heme binding. The conformational parameters calculated from circular dichroism spectra indicate that hemopexin and its complex consist of 20% beta sheet and mainly of disordered structure. No change of the secondary structure is therefore observed upon heme binding. Hemopexin reveals five bands by analytical electrofocusing with pI ranging from 5.5 to 5.95. This microheterogeneity is not due to sialic acid differences between the variants. Upon heme binding the pI of the variants decrease to lower values (from 4.8 to 5.25). This decrease in the pI value of hemopexin is thought to modify the tertiary structure through charge effects and may allow the binding of the heme hemopexin complex to the hepatocytes. PMID- 7363893 TI - Transbilayer distribution and mobility of phosphatidylcholine in intact erythrocyte membranes. A study with phosphatidylcholine exchange protein. AB - 1. The exchange of phosphatidylcholine between intact human or rat erythrocytes and rat liver microsomes was greatly stimulated by phosphatidylcholine-specific exchange proteins from rat liver and beef liver. It was found, however, that compared to the exchange reaction between phospholipid vesicles and rat liver microsomes, much higher concentrations of exchange protein were required in the case of intact red blood cells and microsomes. 2. In human erythrocytes, 75% of the phosphatidylcholine was available for exchange within 2 h at 37 degrees C. No additional exchange was observed during the next 2 h, indicating slow, if any, transbilayer movement of the residual phosphatidylcholine. 3. In rat erythrocytes 50--60% of the phosphatidylcholine was readily available for the exchange proteins. The residual phosphatidylcholine was exchanged at a much lower rate with a half time for equilibration of 7 h. 4. These results confirm in an independent way the asymmetric distribution of phosphatidylcholine over the membrane of human and rat erythrocytes as well as the occurrence of a slow transbilayer movement of this lipid in rat erythrocytes. PMID- 7363894 TI - 31P nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of energy metabolism in tissue from the marine invertebrate Tapes watlingi. PMID- 7363895 TI - Bile acid synthesis in isolated rat liver cells. The effect of 7 alpha hydroxycholesterol. PMID- 7363896 TI - Messenger RNA coding for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Characterization and partial purification from cell suspension cultures of Petroselinum hortense. AB - The mRNA coding for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was partially purified from irradiated cell suspension cultures of parsley (Petroselinum hortense). The product of cell-free translation of the mRNA in a reticulocyte lysate was isolated by immunoprecipitation and compared with the native enzyme subunit. Evidence for the identity, or at least a great similarity, of both was provided by tryptic-peptide and gel-electrophoretic analyses. Under partially denaturing conditions, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase mRNA sedimented as a 20--21-S molecule in a sucrose gradient and had an apparent molecular weight of about 1.05 x 10(6) on a polyacrylamide gel. Approximately two-thirds of the polynucleotide sequence of the mRNA were estimated to be required as coding sequence for the enzyme. We suggest that phenylalanine ammonia-lyase mRNA is unlikely to code for more than of three coordinately induced enzymes. PMID- 7363897 TI - Presence of RNA methylases in intracisternal A particles purified from a mouse plasma cell tumor. PMID- 7363898 TI - Release of oligosaccharides from human erythrocyte membranes of different blood group-P phenotypes by trifluoroacetolysis. PMID- 7363899 TI - Inactivation of methionine synthase by nitrous oxide. AB - Exposure of rats to a 50% N2O/oxygen mixture led to a rapid loss of methionine synthase activity in both liver and brain. This enzyme has vitamin B12 as a cofactor. There was impaired conversion of deoxyuridine to deoxythymidine by bone marrow cells and this defect followed loss of methionine synthase activity. There was no homocystinuria. Withdrawal of N2O was followed by a relatively slow recovery of methionine synthase activity over four days. The inactivation of vitamin B12 by N2O promises to be a valuable tool in the study of vitamin B12 metabolism. PMID- 7363900 TI - Interaction of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase with adenine nucleotides. Binding of 5'-mononucleotides and phosphates to rabbit muscle aldolase. PMID- 7363902 TI - Regulation of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Phosphorylation of eIF-2 does not inhibit its capacity to recycle. PMID- 7363901 TI - Maturation and nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of rat-liver ribosomal RNA upon D galactosamine inhibition of transcription. AB - D-Galactosamine (250 mg/kg body weight) causes 90--95% inhibition of [14C]orotate or inorganic [32P]phosphate incorporation in vivo into rat liver nuclear RNA within 30 min. The transcription of both nucleolar and nucleoplasmic genes is inhibited to the same extent. Under these conditions, prelabbeled 45-S pre-rRNA is processed quantitatively to nuclear 28-S and 18-S rRNA. The nucleocytoplasmic transport of both 28-S and 18-S rRNA remains unaltered for about 60 min after blockage of transcription. At this stage the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of 18-S rRNA is almost completed. It is concluded that formation and nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of ribosomes is independent of concurrent transcription of rRNA or nucleoplasmic genes. At later stages, the nucleocytoplasmic transport of 28-S rRNA is delayed and its partial degaradation in the nucleus may take place. This effect is correlated with a decreased (up to 40% of controls) labelling of nuclear proteins. However, the labelling of total cellular or microsomal proteins remains unchanged up to 3 h after D-galactosamine administration. It is suggested that the last nuclear steps of ribosome formation are dependent on the continuous supply of rapidly-labelled nuclear proteins. PMID- 7363903 TI - Distinction of 2e- and 1e- reduction modes of the flavin chromophore as studied by flash photolysis. AB - Evidence is given for the fact that the excited flavin triplet (3Flox) exhibits competitive 1e- and 2e- transfer chemistry, depending on the nature of the photosubstrate. As an 'external' photo-reductant, the 2e- donor borohydride has been investigated. Borohydride is found to compete effectively with the 'internal' 1e- donors, namely excess starting flavin in the ground state (Flox) and, as primary product, (alkyl)dihydroflavin (RFlredH). It will be shown that some of the flavin radicals, observed by earlier authors in the reaction of 3Flox with CH or C-COO- substrates or in the autophotolytic side-chain cleavage of riboflavin, are due to the dye-dye reaction (I): 3Flox + Flox H+ leads to HFl + Fl+ -H+ leads to 2Flox. (I) In contrast flavin photoreduction by borohydride or hydrocarbon substrates need not involve radicals, but may in fact be a hydride or 'carbanion-plus-proton' addition towards the highly polar and considerably basic (pK = 4.4) acceptor triplet (cf. reaction II) (see text: Formula). The products are much more photoreactive than the starting substrates, which leads to the secondary photocomproportionation (III): 3Flox + R-FlredH leads to HFl + RFl, (R = alkyl or H). (III) This latter reaction is the second source of radicals in the system. This (cf. II) 'photohydrogenation' of flavin is mechanistically related to the biological reduction of flavin by CH substrates. PMID- 7363904 TI - The activation of prothrombin by platelet-bound factor Xa. PMID- 7363905 TI - The primary structure of histone H1 from sperm of the sea urchin Parechinus angulosus. 2. Sequence of the C-terminal CNBr peptide and the entire primary structure. AB - The primary structure of sperm histone H1Parechinus has been determined. H1Parechinus consists of a polypeptide chain of the following 248 amino acid residues: Pro-Gly-Ser-Pro-Gln-Lys-Arg-Ala-Ala-Ser-Pro-Arg-Lys-Ser-Pro-Arg-Lys-Ser Pro-Lys-Lys-Ser-Pro-Arg-Lys-Ala-Ser-Ala-Ser-Pro-Arg-Arg-Lys-Ala-Lys-Arg-Ala-Arg Ala-Ser-Thr-His-Pro-Pro-Val-Leu-Glu-Met-Val-Gln-Ala-Ala-Ile-Thr-Ala-Met-Lys-Glu Arg-Lys-Gly-Ser-Ser-Ala-Ala-Lys-Ile-Lys-Ser-Tyr-Met-Ala-Ala-Asn-Tyr-Arg-Val-Asp Met-Asn-Val-Leu-Ala-Pro-His-Val-Arg-Arg-Ala-Leu-Arg-Asn-Gly-Val-Ala-Ser-Gly-Ala Leu-Lys-Gln-Val-Thr-Gly-Thr-Gly-Ala-Ser-Gly-Arg-Phe-Arg-Val-Gly-Ala-Val-Ala-Lys Pro-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-Lys-Thr-Ser-Ala-Ala-Ala-Lys-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala Ala-Lys-Lys-Ala-Arg-Arg-leads to Lys-Ala-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Lys-Arg-Lys-Ala-Ala-Leu Ala-Lys-Lys-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Lys-Arg-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Lys-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys Lys-Pro-Lys-Lys-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-Lys-Pro-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ser-Pro-Lys Lys-Ala-Lys-Lys-Pro-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ser-Pro-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-Arg-Ser-Pro-Lys Lys-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ala-Ala-Gly-Lys-Arg-Lys-Pro-Ala-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ala-Arg-Arg-Ser-Pro Arg-Lys-Ala-Gly-Lys-Arg-Arg-Ser-Pro-Lys-Lys-Ala-Arg-Lys. The protein consists of three domains. Compared to other H1 and H5 histones, there is a very similar hydrophobic central domain and the carboxyl-terminal domain is very rich in lysine and alanine. H1Parechinus is similar to H5 histones in that the carboxyl terminal domain also contains many arginine residues close to the carboxyl terminus. The carboxyl-terminal domain of H1Parechinus appears to have been constructed by a series of variable duplications. The amino-terminal domain of H1Parechinus is longer and quire different to that of other H1 and H5 histones and is characterized by a repeating tetrapeptide of the general type Ser-Pro (basic)2. The known sequence of a histone H1 gene from Psammechinus miliaris [Schaffner, W. et al. (1978) Cell, 14, 655-671] is compared to the sequence of H1Parechinus. Again the central hydrophobic domains are similar whereas the amino terminal domains are very different. The functions of the various domains of sperm histone H1Parechinus are discussed. PMID- 7363906 TI - The replication pattern of adenovirus DNA in vivo reproduced in vitro. AB - Temperature-sensitive mutants of adenovirus type 5 (H5ts125 and H5ts149), which are conditionally inhibited in the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, have been exploited to investigate the possibility of the initiation of replication in a cell-free system. Nuclei were isolated from human KB cells which had been infected with wild-type or mutant adenovirus. More than 90% of the DNA synthesis taking place in such nuclei was virus-specific and the pattern of drug inhibition suggested that the synthesis required DNA polymerase gamma. Nuclei prepared from cells infected with the H5ts125 temperature-sensitive mutant which have been shifted from 33 degrees C to 39.5 degrees C showed a pattern of synthesis in vitro which began at both ends of the viral genome and gradually spread through the rest of the molecule. PMID- 7363907 TI - Studies on substrate specificity of S-adenosylmethionine: protein-carboxyl methyltransferase from calf brain. PMID- 7363908 TI - Gaucher disease--Norrbottnian type. I. General clinical description. AB - We report follow-up studies of 22 cases of the Norrbottnian type of Gaucher disease ("type III"). The series was divided into 2 main groups of families depending on their birth province (Norrbotten, Vasterbotten). The distribution and types of organ manifestations and complications were the same in both groups, each of which was considered to be genotypically homogeneous. The severity of the clinical symptoms and signs and the course of the disease differed markedly not only between families but also between siblings. Splenectomy accelerated deterioration, particularly with regard to skeletal and central nervous system manifestations. On a clinical basis it is concluded that the Norrbottnian type of Gaucher disease, which has now been diagnosed in about 40 cases, is probably due to a unique mutation which may have happened several hundred of years ago in northern Sweden. PMID- 7363909 TI - Intrauterine growth of twins. A retrospective analysis. AB - In a retrospective study of 150 twins born between 1970-1977, birth weight, length, and head circumference was plotted against gestational age. In comparison to singletons, all 3 parameters were low normal. While length and head circumference values follow the growth pattern of singletons, prenatal birth weight shows a progressive decline toward maturity. The intrauterine growth pattern of twins resembles that of intrauterine growth retardation of singletons. PMID- 7363910 TI - Poly-, syn- and oligodactylyl, aplasia or hypoplasia of fibula, hypoplasia of pelvis and bowing of femora in three sibs--a new autosomal recessive syndrome. AB - An apparently hitherto undescribed, severe skeletal syndrome is reported in 3 siblings (2 boys, 1 girl) in a family of Turkish-Arabian descent. Major manifestations include: hypoplasia of the pelvis, congenital dislocation of the hip, severe bowing of femora, aplasia or hypoplasia of fibulae, absence or coalescence of tarsal bones, absence of various metatarsals, hypoplasia and aplasia of toes, clinodactyly, hypoplasia of fingers and fingernails, and postaxial polydactyly. Consanguinity is denied, but the fact that both parents belong to the same Christian minority from the same province may indicate common ancestry. Autosomal recessive inheritance is presumed. PMID- 7363911 TI - Congenital bowing of the long bones. A review and phenotype analysis of 13 undiagnosed cases. AB - Phenotype analysis of 13 patients with congenital bowing of long bones and otherwise undiagnosable conditions allowed sorting into three major groups. Patients in group 1 had normal bone texture; bowing was confined to the femora, the long bones were relatively thin, there were no epiphyseal or metaphyseal abnormalities, and associated malformations or CNS abnormalities were common. Patients in group 2 had osteopenia; bowing was more generalized, the long bones were relatively thick, there were metaphyseal ossification abnormalities. Two brothers belonged to a third group with normal bone texture, relatively thick bones, bowing of the upper and lower limbs, and metaphyseal abnormalities. The subdivision of patients with congenital bowing of the long bones in these groups may be biologically significant. The occurrence of malformations only in group 1 is remarkable. Osteopenia, as found in patients of group 2, may be an important pathogenetic factor not present in patients of groups 1 and 3. Known causes of congenital bowing of long bones are tabulated. PMID- 7363912 TI - Histological findings in testes with varicocele during childhood and their therapeutic consequences. AB - Contrary to widespread opinion, varicocele is a common disorder in children and can be seen in 10-year-old boys. The peak incidence of varicocele is reached at 15 years. Usually the disorder remains asymptomatic and is overlooked. Over 5 years we observed 22 boys with varicocele. Testicular biopsy carried out in 10 of them demonstrated essentially the same changes of tubules, interstitium and blood vessels seen in adults, though in a less severe form. Surgical removal of varicocele should therefore be carried out during childhood as soon after diagnosis as possible, regardless of degree of severity and the presence or absence of symptoms. This averts the danger of progressive and irreversible damage to the testes. The argument that infertility does not necessarily result in each case of varicocele is probably not relevant due to the uncertainty involved in an individual case. The high risk of later infertility should be compared with the low risk of surgery during childhood. PMID- 7363913 TI - Occupational training of the hearing impaired. PMID- 7363914 TI - Public school programing for autistic children. PMID- 7363915 TI - Effect of vocational instruction on academic achievement. PMID- 7363916 TI - Psychiatric hospitalization: mainstream reentry planning for adolescent patients. PMID- 7363917 TI - An analysis of the decision making processes in special education. PMID- 7363918 TI - Recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia: report of a case with His-bundle branches reentry as the mechanism. AB - A 57-yr-old man with coronary artery disease presented with recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia. During electrophysiologic study, the following observations suggested His-bundle branches (His-BB) reentry as the underlying mechanism of ventricular tachycardia: (1) the initiation of ventricular tachycardia by a premature ventricular beat was related to the presence of retrograde His--Purkinje conduction (V2H2) delay; (2) the QRS configuration of tachycardia complexes was similar to that of V1 and V2; (3) each QRS complex of tachycardia was consistently preceded by a His bundle deflection with an H-V interval which was equal to or longer than that of sinus beats; (4) atrioventricular dissociation was present during tachycardia; and (5) after procainamide a greater V2H2 delay was required to initiate the tachycardia. The therapeutic implications of identifying and differentiating the His-BB (macro) reentry from micro reentry are discussed. PMID- 7363919 TI - Echocardiographic studies of children operated on for congenital heart disease; evaluation during the first postoperative year. AB - Fifty-five children in 6 diagnostic groups were followed with repeated echocardiographic examinations during the first postoperative year to establish profiles for different congenital cardiac malformations. One year after total correction, patients with Fallot's anomaly, with and without previous shunt, showed an enlargement of the right ventricular dimension (RVD), the left ventricular internal dimension (LVIDd), the aortic root dimension (AOD), and the left atrial dimension (LAD) compared with normal. In patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD), LVIDd was enlarged; in patients who had been operated on previously with pulmonary banding, both RVD and AOD were enlarged. Patients with VSD and pulmonary stenosis (PS) showed enlarged RVD and AOD but small right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). Patients with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) had enlarged RVD, AOD, LVIDd, and LAD. Left ventricular function as judged by echocardiography was normal in all groups pre- and postoperatively. The importance of establishing postoperative echocardiographic profiles is illustrated by patients where deviations from expected findings indicated an unsatisfactory result of the operation and the need for reoperation. PMID- 7363920 TI - Intraventricular conduction disturbances in acute myocardial infarction: short- and long-term prognosis. AB - Short- and long-term prognosis were analysed in 59 patients admitted in the coronary care unit with an acute myocardial infarction, complicated with acute intraventricular (IV) conduction defects. In-hospital mortality of patients with IV conduction disturbances was more than twice (30%) the mortality of patients without IV conduction defects (13%; P less than 0.001). Mortality rate was very high among patients with all forms of incomplete trifascicular block or complete right bundle-branch block. Among survivors of the group with conduction defects, late death rate was significantly higher than in survivors of the group without IV blocks (25 vs 8%; P less than 0.01). Short-term prognosis of conduction defects in myocardial infarction depends on the extent of the necrosis. The conflicting results in long-term prognosis could be ascribed to variations in patient material and to different criteria used to define the acute nature of a block. Lastly the variable prognosis could correspond to differences in the site of the lesions within the conduction pathway. PMID- 7363921 TI - Directly measured tension-time index as a correlate of myocardial oxygen consumption. AB - Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and stress in the outer layers of the left ventricular wall were directly recorded in 10 anaesthetised, open-chested dogs. Left ventricular oxygen consumption (VO2) was calculated from the difference in oxygen content in the arterial and in the coronary sinus blood and from the left ventricular coronary flow (LVCF). LVCF was measured in the shunt between the carotid artery and left coronary artery (2 experiments) or in the shunt between the coronary sinus and jugular vein. Tension-time index was calculated either as the product of the mean LVSP and time (TTI(P)), or as the product of mean systolic stress and time (TTI(sigma)). Both TTIs were changed within the broad range by means of exsanguination and blood infusion. Contractility was changed by means of Inderal or noradrenaline infusion. In all experimental conditions VO2/100 g/stroke correlated linearly (P less than 0.01) with TTI(sigma), with correlation coefficient r greater than 0.8. When TTI(P) was used, correlation coefficient r was less than 0.6 and no correlation was found in one series of experiments with noradrenaline infusion. It is concluded that TTI calculated from the directly measured wall stress is a very good correlate of the VO2, which is not the case when the 'classical' TTI is used. PMID- 7363922 TI - An easy and reliable estimation of acute myocardial infarct size from serum CK-MB measurements. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine a simple and reliable procedure of estimating acute myocardial infarct (AMI) size by measuring serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) in few daily blood samples. In 13 patients with AMI blood samples were drawn every second hour for 60 h for determination of serum CK-MB activity. Infarct size was calculated using the CK-MB values of all samples and compared to the size calculated according to various models based on enzyme levels in few samples. Two models, using 3 daily samples, showed very high correlations and satisfactory standard errors of estimate when compared to the infarct size calculated from all samples. One of the 2 models was based on a computerized log normal curve fit programme and one on accumulation of serum activities of CK-MB. The coefficient of variation of infarct size estimated from thrice-daily sampling was 7.4 and 9.4 for the 2 models. Considering the twenty-fold variation in infarct size a satisfactory quantitation is achieved from 3 daily samples. PMID- 7363923 TI - Further evidence for the site of reentry in so-called sinus node reentrant tachycardia in man. AB - To provide further evidence for the participation of the sinus node in so-called sinus node reentry in man, right atrial stimulation and endocardial mapping were performed in a case with sustained tachycardias which met the commonly accepted criteria for sinus node reentry. In addition to right atrial mapping, the activation of the high left atrium was depicted from the right pulmonary artery. The results clearly showed that in this patient the high right atrium was indeed the site of origin of the atrial echo beats which could be elicited by programmed premature atrial stimulation. The high left atrial electrogram (from the right pulmonary artery) was activated 35 msec after the high right atrium thus excluding the possibility of reentry in Bachmann's bundle. Atrial mapping during echo beats revealed a right atrial activation pattern which was similar to that observed during spontaneous sinus rhythm. Sinus node reentrant beats could also be evoked by programmed premature stimulation of the low lateral right atrium. In conclusion, activation of the high right atrium prior to the high left atrium is an important additional criterion for defining sinus node reentry in man. Thus, the recording of the left atrial signals from the right pulmonary artery helps to exclude reentry in the high left atrium, e.g. Bachmann's bundle. PMID- 7363924 TI - Electrophysiological properties of mexiletine assessed with respect to plasma concentrations. AB - Electrophysiological measurements were made before and after the intravenous administration of mexiletine in 14 patients with preexcitation syndromes. Following a single infusion of 3 mg/kg body weight plasma concentrations of mexiletine fell rapidly and after 15 min, significant changes in electrophysiological measurements were not found. Higher plasma mexiletine concentrations, bringing about a pharmacological effect, were attained when a second intravenous infusion was also given. The results suggest a minimum effective plasma concentration for mexiletine of about 0.5 mg/l. Side-effects were minimal and their production was largely dependent on the rate of drug infusion. Electrophysiological measurements in previous studies may have been made at a time when plasma mexiletine concentrations were below an effective level and this could explain a disparity in their findings. PMID- 7363925 TI - Right ventricular function at rest and during exercise in patients with coronary heart disease. AB - Biplane cineventriculograms of the right ventricle at rest and during exercise were made of 16 patients with a right coronary artery stenosis of greater than 50% and less than 90% to explain the alteration of the volumes and function of the right ventricle during exercise-induced angina pectoris. The right ventricular enddiastolic volume increases from 113 +/- 6.6 ml/m2 to 133.9 +/- 9.8 ml/m2 (P less than 0.001). The endsystolic volume increases from 48.9 +/- 4.1 ml/m2 to 52.9 +/- 5.3 ml/m2. The stroke volume index increases from 64 +/- 5.5 ml/m2 to 81 +/-8.3 ml/m2 (P less than 0.001). At the same time the ejection fraction increases from 56.5 +/- 2.9% to 60.2 +/- 3.2% (P less than 0.05). The left ventricular enddiastolic pressure increases from 12.8 +/- 1.5 mm Hg to 26.6 +/- 1.6 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). The enddiastolic pressure of the right ventricle increases from 5.8 +/- 0.5 to 12.2 +/- 0.8 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). The mean velocity of diameter shortening, VD, increases from 0.9 +/- 0.06 D/s to 1.12 +/- 0.09 D/s (P less than 0.05). Exercise-induced angina pectoris leads to a considerable increase of the left ventricular enddiastolic pressure and therefore to an increase of the right ventricular afterload. The increase of afterload in patients with a right coronary artery stenosis is compensated by a considerable increase of the enddiastolic volume: the pump-function during exercise-induced angina pectoris is maintained by an increase of preload. PMID- 7363927 TI - Electrophysiologic study of patients with short P-R interval and normal QRS complex. AB - In order to elucidate the electrophysiological nature of the short P-R interval we have studied 15 patients with this phenomenon and a normal QRS complex in the electrocardiogram; none of them had a history of arrhythmias. His bundle electrography and atrial stimulation were used to study the conductivity and refractory periods of the atrioventricular (AV) junction. In 13 cases the studies were repeated after the administration of verapamil. Baseline recordings showed a shortened A-H interval in 6 cases, a shortened H-V interval in 6 and in 3 more with a borderline H-V interval. During rapid atrial pacing A-H interval prolongation was abnormal in 10 cases that showed small increases or sudden prolongations at certain atrial rates. The effective nodal refractory period was shorter than normal. A double AV nodal pathway was demonstrated in one patient and another developed junctional reentrant tachycardias at fixed extrasystolic intervals. After verapamil the A-H interval increased in all but one patient. Significant changes were recorded for the AV nodal refractory periods. In the patient with dual AV nodal conduction verapamil prolonged conduction time and refractory periods through both pathways, and in the one with reentrant tachycardias upon atrial stimulation it abolished the tachycardia. In the presence of a normal QRS, a short P-R interval may be due to shortened conduction time through the AV node, and/or the His-Purkinje network. Our observations tend to rule out the presence of a complete bypass of nodal tissue. Despite the absence of a history of arrhythmias these patients may have electrophysiological abnormalities that predispose them to reentrant AV nodal tachycardias. PMID- 7363926 TI - Problems of rapid digitalization in severe congestive heart failure. AB - The pharmacodynamic effects (changes of systolic time intervals, STI, reaction of pulmonary arterial pressure) of digitoxin were studied in 7 patients with severe congestive heart failure in comparison with the corresponding plasma level. STI indicated glycoside-dependent changes, i.e. shortening of LVETc and QS2c and normalization of prolonged PEPc, while ICT shortening was less observed. In 2 patients with cor pulmonale a pulmonary oedema occurred accompanied with prolonged LVETc. During the early period of glycoside-dependent recompensation no significant correlation between STI shortening and glycoside plasma level was observed. Because of the retarded normalization of the haemodynamics of the pulmonary circulation and because of possible side-effects, rapid digitalization has to be reconsidered. PMID- 7363928 TI - Perfusion-fixation of the heart and its conduction system for ultrastructural studies. AB - Nine hearts from children who died from noncardiac causes were perfused within 3 h of death with 2.5% glutaraldehyde, 0.1 M sodium cacodylate, pH 7.2, at 4 degrees C. Each heart was perfused continuously for 4 h using a perfusion pressure of 110 mm Hg. The ultrastructural characteristics of the perfused atrial and ventricular myocardium and conduction system, including sinoatrial, atrioventricular node and Purkinje fibers, were studied. These observations were compared with standard published observations on similar tissues. The results demonstrate that the present method yields comparable results and hence provides a simple, yet effective, means for studying ultrastructural aspects of the heart and its conduction system in children. In addition, this method permits satisfactory gross morphologic examination of the organ. PMID- 7363929 TI - "To please or not to please". PMID- 7363930 TI - Effects of a new diuretic (piretanide) compared with furosemide on renal diluting and concentrating mechanisms in patients with the nephrotic syndrome. AB - The mode and site of action of the new diuretic agent piretanide were investigated in man. The effect of a single oral dose of 12 mg was compared with that of furosemide 80 mg p.o. iin 6 patients with the nephrotic syndrome. Piretanide showed a greater diuretic and natriuretic response than furosemide during maximal water diuresis, but the effect was similar in the hydropenic state. Like furosemide, piretanide decreased free water clearance relative to delivery during water diuresis and the reabsorption of solute-free water during hydropenia. This inhibitory action on both the concentrating and diluting urinary mechanisms demonstrates an effect of piretanide localized in the ascending limb of Henle's loop. Consistent alterations in glomerulur filtration rate, renal blood flow or filtration fraction were not observed. PMID- 7363931 TI - Relationship between blood and cerebrospinal levels of the antidepressant agent viloxazine. AB - Viloxazine levels in blood and CSF have been measured following acute and chronic dosing in depressed patients. Blood profiles confirm previous findings that viloxazine is rapidly absorbed and eliminated with a half-life of 4.5 h. Viloxazine crosses the blood-brain barrier and concentrations in CSF remain virtually unchanged over a ten hour period post administration. Viloxazine does not accumulate in CSF on chronic administration. The fact that CSF levels do not reflect concentrations in blood has significant implications on any attempt to correlate the clinical efficacy and the pharmacokinetic behaviour of an antidepressant agent. PMID- 7363932 TI - Disposition of hexobarbital in intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis in man and the influence of drug metabolism-inducing agents. AB - The pharmacokinetics of intravenously infused hexobarbital was studied in 10 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis and in 9 with extrahepatic biliary obstruction. The results were compared with those obtained in 16 healthy young volunteers and 5 older patients with normal liver function. After infusion, the plasma concentrations showed a rapid initial decline (alpha-phase) and subsequently a slower decrease (beta-phase). The half-life of a latter phase was 323 +/- 84 min in the healthy group, 357 +/- 151 min in the patients with intrahepatic cholestasis and 344 +/- 115 min in the group with biliary obstruction; the clearances were 3.41 +/- 0.90, 4.08 +/- 1.95 and 3.81 +/- 1.97 ml x min-1 x kg-1, respectively. The differences were not statistically significant. The mean volume of the central compartment of distribution and the steady state volume of distribution were not significantly different. In two patients hexobarbital clearance during cholestasis was greater than after it had subsided. After treatment of 11 patients with cholestasis with drug metabolism inducing agents (phenobarbital, rifampicin or phenytoin), the half-life of hexobarbital was significantly shortened and the mean value of hexobarbital clearance was more than doubled. PMID- 7363933 TI - Comparative bioavailability of disopyramide after multiple dosing with standard capsules and controlled-release tablets. AB - Plasma concentrations and bioavailability of disopyramide following repeated administration of standard capsules and controlled-release tablets have been compared. Ten patients were randomized into two groups; Group I received disopyramide capsules 150 mg every 6 h for five days. Group II received the same preparations in the reverse order. There was a more rapid rise in disopyramide concentration after the capsules: the maximum of 10.7 +/- 0.6 mumol/l (mean +/- SEM) was reached within 1.8 +/- 0.4 h as compared to 10.6 +/- 0.4 mumol/l within 4.0 +/- 0.3 h after the controlled-release tablets. No significant difference in the fluctuations in individual plasma concentrations during each dose interval at steady state were observed after ordinary capsules compared to controlled-release tablets. The extent of bioavailability was the same. Eight patients reported some side-effects during the capsule period and nine during the controlled-release tablet period. PMID- 7363934 TI - Systemic activity of orally administered L-dopa in the elderly Parkinson patient. PMID- 7363935 TI - Quantitation of CSF concentrations and biological activity of probenecid metabolites. AB - The concentrations of probenecid and four of its metabolites have been examined in plasma and CSF by electron capture gas chromatography after extractive methylation. The plasma concentration of each of the metabolites was in the range 1,5-15 micrograms/ml and constituted less than 10% of the parent compound. The penetration into CSF of the metabolites was lower than that of probenecid. The concentration of each of the metabolites was below 0,2 microgram/ml and the total concentration never exceeded 10% of the probenecid concentration. The inhibitory effect of the metabolites on uptake was tested in rabbit renal cortex using 3H-p amino-hippuric acid. The inhibitory effect was low. From the low activity and relatively low concentrations of the metabolites do not contribute to the probenecid-induced blocking effect of acid transport from the CSF. PMID- 7363936 TI - Capping revisited. I. Inhibition by some thiols. AB - The capping, but not the clustering (spotting), of membrane immunoglobulins and of other lymphocyte membrane macromolecules is inhibited when the medium contains some reducing agents, principally cysteine. The inhibition is easily reversible, being rather a retardation of capping than its blockage. The mechanism of inhibition is still unclear, but it definitely depends on the sulfhydryl moiety of the thiols. PMID- 7363937 TI - The mechanism of the adrenergic stimulation of taurine influx in the heart. AB - The mechanism of isoproterenol-stimulated taurine uptake was examined in the perfused rat heart. Hearts were perfused by the Langendorff technique in a non recirculating system, while heart rate and contractile force were determined continuously. Perfusion with inotropic concentrations of glucagon stimulated the uptake of [3H]taurine. If the positive inotropic response to isoproterenol was blocked with verapamil, a calcium antagonist, the uptake of taurine was still stimulated. This indicates that inotropy per se, or calcium influx are not involved in the modulation of taurine influx, but that influx rats is responding to cell cyclic AMP levels. The lack of effect of the positively inotropic ionophores monensin and A23187 and the negatively inotropic ionophore valinomycin is in agreement with this conclusion. Taurine decreased calcium binding to cardiac sarcolemma by 31% at 1 mM concentration and 80% at 5 mM. PMID- 7363938 TI - Antinociceptive effects of baclofen and muscimol upon intraventricular administration. AB - The effects of intraventricularly administered baclofen and muscimol were investigated on tail-flick responding and on vocalization and motor responses to nociceptive pinch. Baclofen (1 microgram) and muscimol (0.1 microgram) strongly reduced responding to pinch, particularly vocalization, without altering tail flick responding. When given systemically, however, baclofen markedly attenuated tail-flick as well as pinch responding. Muscimol produced only weak antinociception by systemic administration, suggesting that it may have poor access to brain. At antinociceptive doses, i. vent. muscimol produced less apparent muscle relaxation than did baclofen. These results suggest that baclofen's antinociceptive action may be mediated in part by a supraspinal, GABAergic substrate, in addition to a spinal component which may not directly involve GABA. PMID- 7363939 TI - Enhancement of noradrenaline-induced metabolic coronary dilatation by ethanol. AB - Isolated perfused rat hearts receiving noradrenaline as a cardiostimulatory agent show the characteristic metabolic coronary dilatations which correlate with the inotropic effect elicited by noradrenaline. Addition of ethanol (20-400 mg/dl) to the perfusion fluid produced a concentration-dependent enhancement of the metabolic coronary dilatation. The latter was increased by 50% at about 125 mg ethanol/dl. Since the inotropic responses to noradrenaline were not affected by ethanol it is suggested that alcohol produces an alteration in the system that normally adapts the coronary flow to an increased cardiac performance. The effect of ethanol was fully reversible; removal of alcohol from the perfusion fluid restored the metabolic coronary dilatation in response to noradrenaline to control values. At high concentrations, 200-400 mg/dl, ethanol produced a small but significant reduction in contractility of the myocardium (11.1 +/- 2.4%). At these concentrations ethanol enhanced the noradrenaline induced metabolic coronary dilatation by about 100%. These data indicate that ethanol at concentrations that are commonly found in blood in vivo may be beneficial in facilitating the coronary reactions during cardiac exertion. However cardiodepressant effects, particularly at higher concentrations, must also be considered. PMID- 7363940 TI - The effect of troxypyrrolidinium, a choline uptake inhibitor, on the excitatory innervation of the rat urinary bladder. AB - Troxypyrrolidinium, a choline uptake inhibitor, reduced but failed to abolish responses of the rat urinary bladder to electrical stimulation at 1-100 Hz although it reduced acetylcholine output during stimulation at 10 Hz to a level similar to that of spontaneous release. Inhibition of the response to stimulation was more complete at faster rates of stimulation and was partially reversed by choline. Troxypyrrolidinium produced a greater inhibition of the 'tonic' component of the response to electrical stimulation than of the 'phasic' component. Hemicholinium-3 or hyoscine produced a similar selective effect on the 'tonic' component. Hemicholinium-3 also reduced acetylcholine output during electrical stimulation to a similar extent as troxypyrrolidinium but hyoscine increased transmitter output. The results support the concept of a second transmitter in the excitatory innervation of the bladder. PMID- 7363941 TI - Selective blockade of neurotensin-induced coronary vessel constriction in perfused rat hearts by a neurotensin analogue. AB - [D-Trp11]-NT, an analogue of neurotensin (NT) in which Tyr11 was replaced with D Trp, was found to antagonize selectively NT-induced coronary vessel constriction in perfused rat hearts, in concentrations varying between 1.3 x 10(-7) and 1.1 x 10(-6) M. Higher concentrations of [D-Trp11]-NT displayed NT-like activity. In rat stomach strips and guinea pig atria, [D-Trp11]-NT exhibits full intrinsic activity, markedly reduced affinity for NT receptors, but no inhibitory effect against NT. These results suggest that the receptors mediating the constrictor action of NT in the coronary vessels of rat hearts are pharmacologically distinct from those subserving the stimulant effects of NT in rat stomach strips and guinea pig atria. PMID- 7363942 TI - The influence of guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate and sodium chloride on the binding of the muscarinic agonist, [3H] cis methyldioxolane. PMID- 7363943 TI - The naloxone conjunctival test in morphine addiction. PMID- 7363944 TI - Secretory function of lactating mouse mammary epithelial cells cultured on collagen gels. PMID- 7363945 TI - Developmental regulation of cytokinin, spore germination inhibitor discadenine and related enzymes in Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 7363946 TI - Age-related decline in histone H1 fraction in human diploid fibroblast cultures. PMID- 7363947 TI - Concanavalin A affects polysaccharidic wall formation and mitotic activity in Polyphysa (Acetabularia) cliftonii protoplasts. PMID- 7363948 TI - Modulation of the cell cycle during reversible growth inhibition of 3T3 and SV40 3T3 cells with succinylated concanavalin A. PMID- 7363949 TI - Entry of lethal doses of abrin, ricin and modeccin into the cytosol of HeLa cells. PMID- 7363950 TI - The effect of local anesthetics on the lateral mobility of lymphocyte membrane proteins. PMID- 7363951 TI - Reactivation of stationary Tetrahymena. A contribution to the question of G0 state. PMID- 7363952 TI - Two-dimensional gel analysis of nuclear proteins during muscle differentiation in vitro. II. Changes in protein phosphorylation. PMID- 7363954 TI - Cell surface properties of ascites sublines of the 13762 rat mammary adenocarcinoma. Relationship of the major sialoglycoprotein to xenotransplantability. PMID- 7363953 TI - Autoradiographic evidence for self-fertilization in Tetrahymena thermophila. PMID- 7363955 TI - Distribution of repetitive DNA sequences in Vicia faba chromosomes. PMID- 7363956 TI - Cell-substrate interactions during amoeboid locomotion of neutrophil leukocytes. PMID- 7363957 TI - Cationic modulation of the interaction of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae with glass. Evidence from quantitative interference reflection microscopy. PMID- 7363958 TI - Ongoing DNA synthesis continues in young human diploid cells (HDC) fused to senescent HDC, but entry into S phase is inhibited. PMID- 7363959 TI - Direct microinjection of rabbit globin mRNA into mouse 3T3 cells. Analysis of the polypeptides synthesized in vivo. PMID- 7363960 TI - Ca2+ and cell fusion during sexual development in liquid cultures of Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 7363962 TI - Contribution of an electrogenic pump to the electrical characteristics of frog lens membranes. PMID- 7363963 TI - Regional differences in the composition of the bovine lens urea-soluble protein. PMID- 7363961 TI - Accumulation and incorporation of radiolabeled choline into cultured rabbit lenses: evidence for a choline transport system. PMID- 7363965 TI - Transport and bioelectric properties of post-mortem lenses. PMID- 7363966 TI - Purification and properties of bovine lens glutathione S-transferase. PMID- 7363964 TI - Adrenergic responsiveness in vitro of iris dilator muscle from rabbits with experimentally induced thyroid disorders. PMID- 7363967 TI - The pathophysiological effects of nitrogen mustard on the rabbit eye. I. The biphasic intraocular pressure response and the role of prostaglandins. PMID- 7363968 TI - Glucose transport in isolated mammalian pigment epithelum. PMID- 7363969 TI - Philly mouse: a new model of hereditary cataract. PMID- 7363970 TI - Cytological study of Philly mouse cataract. PMID- 7363971 TI - Information about peripheral events conveyed to the cerebellum via the climbing fiber system in the decerebrate cat. AB - Discharges of Purkinje cells (PCs) with simple (SS) and complex spikes (CS) in the c1-zone of lobule Vc of the anterior lobe of the cerebellar cortex were analyzed in the decerebrate cat during a passive movement of the cat forepaw. The CS of the PC responded differentially and/or proportionally to the position of the extremity, amplitude of the movement, velocity and acceleration. Inphase and outphase responses of the climbing fiber (CF) system to sinusoidal movements could depend on the position of the extremity within the operational range. From these results we deduce that peripheral events can be signalled by the CF system. The possible function of the interaction between the two inputs at the PC level is discussed. PMID- 7363972 TI - Unit recordings from a new auditory area in the frontal neostriatum of the awake starling (Sturnus vulgaris). AB - Auditory units were recorded from a restricted region of the frontal neostriatum of the awake starling. This area (Field GA) was located latero-dorsal from the nucleus basalis and more closely associated with the caudal regions of the thalamo-frontal tract. Most units (46%) showed on-excitation to pure tones and white noise stimuli. No well-defined sustained firing was seen, but 15% of the units showed a weak type of excitation which outlasted the stimulus (long-lasting response). Tuning curves were broad. Unit response ranges extended from 150 Hz to 7.0 kHz (at 70--80 dB SPL). Habituation to repeated stimuli was obvious and also lability of response pattern; 26% of auditory units would not be reliably classified using pure tones or white noise. It is suggested that the response properties of Field GA units are typical of sensory integration areas, although the source of input is unknown at present. PMID- 7363973 TI - Postnatal shaping of callosal connections from sensory areas. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected unilaterally into the first and second visual areas (V1 and V2; areas 17 and 18) of 20 kittens aged between 2 and 90 days and into the second somatosensory area (S2) of 16 kittens aged between 1 and 52 days. The radial and tangential (normal and parallel to the pial surface, respectively) distributions of neurones giving origin to callosal axons (callosal neurones) were studied. In adult cats, callosal efferent zones (CZs) are defined by the distribution of callosal neurones. CZs occupy in the visual cortices, tangentially and radially restricted parts of areas 17, 18, 19 of the lateral suprasylvian gyrus and in the somatosensory cortices, parts of S1 and S2. At birth, callosal neurones are distributed throughout the tangential extent of visual and somatosensory areas; they are also more widespread in depth than in the adult. During the first postnatal month, as a result of the gradual disappearance of callosal neurones from parts of the visual and somatosensory areas, the adult CZs emerge. The CZ in areas 17 and 18 undergoes a further tangential reduction during the second and third postnatal months. PMID- 7363974 TI - Afferent and efferent connections of cat omnipause neurons. AB - Afferent and efferent connections of behaviorally identified omnipause neurons involved in saccadic eye movements were investigated electrophysiologically in cats anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride. Pause cells were polysynaptically excited by electrical stimulation of the optic chiasm (mean latency = 8.3 ms), the visual cortex (mean latency = 7.3 ms), and the superior colliculus (mean latency = 2.6 ms). Bilateral removal of either the visual cortex or the superior colliculus 1 week prior to the experiment abolished optic chiasm responses. Pause cells were antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of the prerubral fields (mean latency = 1.1 ms), or the pontine and medullary reticular formation (mean latency = 1.0 ms). Frequently, the same pause cell was antidromically excited by prerubral and pontine or medullary reticular stimulation indicating that its axon was branched. The spontaneous discharge of pause cells was polysynaptically suppressed by sustained galvanic polarization of either labyrinth, or by multiple shock stimulation in the reticular formation. PMID- 7363975 TI - Time course and effective sites for inhibition from midbrain periaqueductal gray of spinal dorsal horn neuronal responses to cutaneous stimuli in the cat. AB - Inhibition of spinal dorsal horn neuronal responses to noxious (50 degrees C) skin heating by stimulation of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) was quantitatively investigated in cats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and nitrous oxide. Systematic variation of the interval between onset of PAG stimulation (PAGS) and onset of noxious skin heating revealed that a marked reduction of spinal unit heat-evoked discharges occured immediately upon onset of PAGS, and ceased immediately at offset of PAGS with a post-stimulation excitatory rebound. Stimulation at sites in both ventral and dorsal PAG produced inhibition, the strength of which increased sometimes in a linear manner with increasing strength of PAGS. Thresholds for the generation of descending inhibition were higher in dorsal than ventral PAG. PAGS also inhibited spinal unit responses to non-noxious skin stimulation (brushing of hairs). Descending inhibition from PAG is considered as a possible mechanism for analgesia produced by stimulation of PAG and other brainstem structures. PMID- 7363978 TI - Electrophysiological study of inferior olivary neurons in staggerer mutant mice. AB - Extracellular recordings were obtained from neurons of the dorsal and medial accessory olives (DAO and MAO) in staggerer and normal mice. The anti- and orthodromic responses of these neurons to stimulation of the contralateral cerebellum were very similar in control and staggerer mice. On the other hand, the mean value of the spontaneous discharge of inferior olivary (I.O.) cells was significantly lower and the modal interval of the discharge was significantly shorter in staggerer than in control mice. These results demonstrate that I.O. neurons and climbing fibers are functional in staggerer mice, although their spontaneous discharge is somewhat different from that of I.O. neurons in control mice. PMID- 7363977 TI - The use of antibody and complement to gain access to the interior of presynaptic nerve terminals. AB - Treatment of synaptosomes with sera containing antibodies (Ab) directed against synaptosomal membranes and complement (C) alters the plasma membrane so that it becomes selectively permeable to small molecules and ions but not to proteins. When synaptosomes are incubated with Ab and C, a rapid release of intracellular K occurs. This release does not occur after treatment with antiserum alone, or with normal serum + C. Ab + C treatment releases approximately the same amount of K as does detergent treatment or hypotonic lysis, two procedures that extensively disrupt the plasma membrane. The selectivity of the complement-induced lesion is consistent with the equivalent pore radius determined in other systems (Michaels and Mayer 1978; Sears et al. 1964). The lesions are large enough to allow the rapid permeation of small ions, but too small to permit the escape of the soluble cytoplasmic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase. In addition, electron microscopic studies indicate that Ab + C treatment does not lead to gross morphological disruption of the synaptosomes. Ab + C treated synaptosomes are also permeable to calcium and ATP, as demonstrated by the stimulation of Ca sequestration into endoplasmic reticulum when 45Ca and ATP are added to the incubation medium. PMID- 7363976 TI - The effect of cochlear nerve lesion on the release of glutamate, aspartate, and GABA from cat cochlear nucleus, in vitro. PMID- 7363979 TI - Early experience effect on dendritic branching in normally reared kittens. PMID- 7363980 TI - Interconnection of GABA-ergic neurons in rat extrapyramidal tract: analysis using intracerebral microinjection of kainic acid. PMID- 7363981 TI - Long-lasting behavioral and dendritic spine deficits in the monocularly deprived albino rat. PMID- 7363982 TI - Morphological and functional evaluation of the superior salivatory nucleus in rabbits. PMID- 7363983 TI - Occipital cortical morphology of the rat: alterations with age and environment. PMID- 7363985 TI - Interaction with CA4-derived fibers accounts for distribution of septohippocampal fibers in rat fascia dentata after entorhinal lesion. PMID- 7363984 TI - Efferent projections of the lateral dorsal nucleus in the rat. PMID- 7363986 TI - Hydrocortison administration retards axon sprouting in the rat dentate gyrus. PMID- 7363987 TI - Wide-field neurons in somatosensory thalamus of domestic cats under barbiturate anesthesia. PMID- 7363988 TI - Experimental investigation of glucocorticoid-induced myopathy in the dog. PMID- 7363989 TI - Inputs of the pulvinar and lateral posterior nucleus into the abducens nucleus of the cat. PMID- 7363990 TI - Hippocampal excitability phase-locked to the theta rhythm in walking rats. PMID- 7363991 TI - Avian retinal ganglion cells resistant to degeneration after optic nerve lesion. PMID- 7363992 TI - Dependence and tolerance: multiunit recording from central gray, mesencephalic reticular formation, and medial thalamus in freely behaving rats. PMID- 7363993 TI - Effect of maternal malnutrition on the developing cerebral cortex of mouse embryo: an electron microscopic study. PMID- 7363994 TI - Effects of a nigral descending pathway on cervical spinal cord afferent fibers and interneurons. PMID- 7363995 TI - Light-induced damage to photopic and scotopic mechanisms in the rat depends on rearing conditions. PMID- 7363996 TI - Evaluation of the use of enzymes for functional restitution after spinal cord severence in the rat. PMID- 7363998 TI - Effects of caudate or frontal cortex ablations in cats and kittens: passive avoidance. PMID- 7363997 TI - Slow rhythmic activity of caudate neurons in the cat: statistical analysis of caudate neuronal spike trains. PMID- 7363999 TI - Myasthenia gravis: saccadic eye movement waveforms. PMID- 7364000 TI - Myasthenia gravis: dynamic changes in saccadic waveform, gain, and velocity. PMID- 7364001 TI - Myasthenia gravis: analog computer model. PMID- 7364002 TI - Survival, regeneration, and trophic function of neurons in 1-year transplants of sensory ganglia. PMID- 7364003 TI - Location of auditory and visual stimuli in cats with superior colliculus ablations. PMID- 7364004 TI - Strongyloides ratti: structural and functional characteristics of normal and immune-damaged worms. PMID- 7364005 TI - Strongyloides ratti: reversibility of immune damage to adult worms. PMID- 7364006 TI - Phocanema decipiens: growth, reproduction, and survival in seals. PMID- 7364007 TI - Amblyomma americanum: sequential histological analysis of larval and nymphal feeding sites on guinea pigs. PMID- 7364009 TI - Hymenolepis nana: survival in the immunized mouse. PMID- 7364008 TI - Plasmodium iophurae: lectin-mediated agglutination of infected red cells and cytochemical fine-structure detection of lectin binding sites on parasite and host cell membranes. PMID- 7364010 TI - Neoaplectana carpocapsae: movements of nematode populations on a thermal gradient. PMID- 7364011 TI - Trichinella spiralis: comparison with an Arctic isolate. PMID- 7364013 TI - Experimental nephrotic syndrome in the rat induced by puromycin aminonucleoside. Plasma and urinary lipoproteins. PMID- 7364012 TI - Effects of clofibrate administration to rats on their hepatocytes. PMID- 7364014 TI - Some effects of a grain-based mash diet on cholesterol metabolism in swine. PMID- 7364015 TI - Quantitation of phototoxic hyperemia and permeability to protein. I. Inhibition by histamine (H1 and H2) and serotonin receptor antagonists in pig skin. PMID- 7364016 TI - Nucleopathic changes in parvovirus-infected, cultured cells. PMID- 7364017 TI - Endothelial alterations and colloidal carbon permeability in the peripheral vasculature of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 7364018 TI - The legitimacy status of first births to U.S. women aged 15-24, 1939-1978. PMID- 7364019 TI - Obstetricians' attitudes and hospital abortion services. PMID- 7364020 TI - The children of teenage parents. PMID- 7364021 TI - The Hungarian fertility survey, 1977. PMID- 7364022 TI - Sex education for teens debated. PMID- 7364023 TI - Second-trimester abortion deaths--a clarification. PMID- 7364024 TI - Catholics agree with Protestants that abortion and contraception should be widely available. PMID- 7364026 TI - Hypertension, not pill use, found major factor in increased risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 7364027 TI - If young women have the family size they say they want, U.S. population will not replace itself. PMID- 7364025 TI - Japan: 7 in 10 married women want no more children; fertility falls. PMID- 7364028 TI - High infant mortality may signal readiness for family planning. PMID- 7364030 TI - Development without family planning will not speed, and may hinder, fertility decline. PMID- 7364029 TI - Adolescent pregnancy prevention services in high school clinics. PMID- 7364031 TI - Puerto Rico: recent trends in fertility and sterilization. PMID- 7364032 TI - Second pregnancies to premaritally pregnant teenagers, 1976 and 1971. PMID- 7364034 TI - Depression following stroke: brief, problem-focused family treatment. AB - The brief, problem-focused treatment of a case of depression is described. Members of a family were seen in the treatment of a 58-year-old man suffering from depression secondary to two strokes. The identified patient did not attend any of the five sessions. Therapeutic interventions emphasized interdicting the self-defeating efforts of family members to be supportive and encouraging. It is proposed that successful therapeutic interventions often involve changing the behavior of persons other than the identified patient but that traditional therapists have avoided the full implication of this. Ethical concerns about this mode of treatment are considered. PMID- 7364033 TI - Abortion availability in the United States. PMID- 7364035 TI - Analysis of a paradoxical logic: a case study. AB - A case study of a normally functioning married couple was conducted to investigate the relation between their logic and their communication patterns. Two communication theories, the Interactional View and the Coordinated Management of Meaning, were employed in an analysis of the couple's logic and communication. A triangulated methodology, consisting of interviews, written self-reports, and role-playing, was used to elicit the couple's constitutive and regulative rules. The discovery of paradoxical rules led to several propositions concerning the circular relation between communication and socially created realities. Specifically, the analysis revealed paradoxical rules associated with restricted episodes in which the couple could not obtain their goal of eliminating conflict. PMID- 7364036 TI - Hypothesizing--circularity--neutrality: three guidelines for the conductor of the session. AB - This paper presents the results of our research focused on individuating and elaborating principles and methods that we have found highly productive in interviewing the family. We have synthesized these principles under the headings Hypothesizing, Circularity, and Neutrality, giving conceptual definitions, descriptions, and practical examples of their application. Our purpose is to aid the therapist in stimulating the family to produce meaningful information, which is indispensable to the therapist in making a therapeutic choice. PMID- 7364037 TI - Case report: smuggling family therapy through. AB - Therapists with a family systems orientation are, on occasion, called upon to work in settings where political constraint, cultural patterns or the unchangeable expectations of the clinical population make it impossible to identify the treatment as being directed at the family. Under these circumstances, family therapy concepts and techniques may be employed by smuggling them in under another label. This article describes a setting in which such a strategy was necessary. PMID- 7364038 TI - The Greek chorus and other techniques of paradoxical therapy. AB - This paper has described some of the interventions developed at the Ackerman Brief Therapy Project in treating the families of symptomatic children. The interventions are based upon a differential diagnosis of the family system and upon an evaluation of that system's resistance to change. They are classified as compliance-based or defiance-based, depending upon the family's degree of anxiety, motivation, and resistance. Paradoxical interventions, which are defiance-based, are used as a clinical tool in dealing with resistance and circumventing the power struggle between therapist and family. A consultation group acting as a Greek chorus underlines the therapist's interventions and comments on the consequences of systemic change. This group is also sometimes used to form a therapeutic triangle among the family, therapist and group, with the therapist and group debating over the family's ability to change. PMID- 7364039 TI - The use of paradox with children in an inpatient treatment setting. AB - This paper illustrates with case examples the use of paradoxical procedures in a child inpatient treatment center. Indications and contraindications for this type of intervention are discussed. PMID- 7364040 TI - The use of paradox in a community home for the chronically disturbed and retarded. AB - This paper describes the use of paradoxical interventions to change the resistant behaviors of community home residents who were formerly institutionalized in state hospitals and in state schools for the retarded for an average of 27 years. The paradoxical interventions were used following prior therapeutic failures using more traditional behavioral approaches. Seven brief case studies are presented describing the problem, the paradoxical intervention used, reactions to the intervention, follow-up information, and an explanation of the intervention. Some of the paradoxical interventions used include: prescribing the resistance, symptom, or system; reframing; restraining change; reversals; and rituals. Explanations of these interventions are given based upon general systems theory. PMID- 7364042 TI - Stable isotope resource offers alternative to radioactive tracers. PMID- 7364041 TI - Protection, paradox, and pretending. AB - This paper proposes that psychopathology in children can be the result of an incongruity in the hierarchical organization of the family. The parents are in a superior position to the child by the fact of being parents, and yet the problem child assumes a superior position to the parents by protecting them through symptomatic behavior that often expresses metaphorically the parents' difficulties. The paper describes three paradoxical strategies for arranging that the parents solve the presenting problem of the child and the incongruity in the family hierarchy. The therapeutic techniques described are characterized by the use of communication modalities, such as dramatizations, pretending, and make believe, that are appropriate to children. PMID- 7364043 TI - Mechanism of vasodilation during and after ischemic exercise. AB - This article reviews work on the cause of the vasodilation associated with exercise in the absence of sufficient blood flow. This situation results in a prolonged period of vasodilation that far exceeds the time required for muscle oxygen consumption (VO2) to return to rest. This prolonged vasodilation is not caused by release of K+ or lactic acid, hyperosmolarity, or lowered vessel wall pO2. The early portion appears to be caused by adenosine release, because tissue adenosine is elevated and theophylline partly blocks the response. The remainder may be caused by prostaglandin release which is elevated late in the post exercise vasodilation period. Indomethacin reduces the duration of the vasodilation. Histamine may play a role in the vasodilation because tripelennamine reduces it. The vasodilation during the exercise bout is probably the result of at least three factors. K+ release and hyperosmolarity probably help to initiate the vasodilation and adenosine probably becomes the dominant factor after the first 10--20 minutes. PMID- 7364044 TI - Circulatory and thermal regulations during exercise. AB - During physical activity there is a demand for increased blood flow to the contracting muscles to meet oxygen delivery requirements and to the skin to meet the heat transfer requirements of the temperature regulatory system. This paper evaluates the control mechanisms that provide for the meeting of these simultaneous demands when possible and the compromises that are made when the meeting of simultaneous demands is not possible, such as in conditions of heavy exercise in the heat. Also, an initial attempt is made to invoke these same control mechanisms in the events that accompany the circulatory and thermal changes observed in conditions of dehydration. PMID- 7364045 TI - Functional adaptations to physical activity and inactivity. AB - Rather than focusing on the performance criteria accompanying adaptation to physical activity, this paper emphasizes the magnitudes of alteration in the function of the circulatory, respiratory, and metabolic systems with adaptation. It is our opinion that the limitation of maximal aerobic power resides in the transport of oxygen to working muscle by the circulation. Increases in maximal aerobic power that accompany physical conditioning are attributed primarily to increased maximal muscle blood flow and muscle capillary density. The increase in the oxidative potential of skeletal muscle after training is presented as the mechanism by which capacity for submaximal work is augmented. PMID- 7364046 TI - Extracellular potassium accumulation in the nervous system. AB - As a result of the normal electrical signaling of neurons, potassium accumulates in the narrow clefts separating the cellular elements of the nervous system. The increase in extracellular potassium, [K+]0 depends on the spatial and temporal pattern of electrical activity in the neurons and the removal of the accumulated K+ by diffusion, active transport, and current flow through cells. Increases in [K+]0 have been estimated indirectly by matching changes in nerve spikes and glial membrane potentials produced by activity with increases in [K+]0 bathing the preparation. Direct estimates have been made using K+-selective electrodes. Measurement with K+-selective electrodes and glial membrane potential have poorly defined spatial and temporal resolution; they indicate an "average" [K+]0 in the vicinity of the recording site. Under normal conditions elevated [K+]0 may modify the efficacy of synaptic transmission, vary rates of spontaneous spikes in neurons, increase sodium pumping in neurons, modify the sensitivity of receptors, and serve to coordinate neuronal activity with glial metabolism. PMID- 7364047 TI - Potassium concentration changes in the transverse tubules of vertebrate skeletal muscle. AB - Vertebrate skeletal muscle fibers have evolved a network of narrow tube-like invaginations of the cell membrane. This "transverse tubular system" (TTS) provides a pathway for radial impulse propation from the cell surface to the interior. As a consequence of electrical activity in the TTS, impulses are followed by "early" and "late" afterdepolarizations. The late afterdepolarization is now believed to be due mainly to K+-accumulation in the TTS. Excessively large afterdepolarizations of this type may be the cause of the "myotonic discharge" observed in mammals suffering from pathologically low muscle membrane permeability to chloride. Potassium concentration changes in the transverse tubular system can also be induced artificially under voltage-champ conditions. Analysis of K+-depletion under voltage clamp allows conclusions about the localization of K+-permeability as well as speed of K+-diffusion in the transverse tubules. PMID- 7364048 TI - Structural complexity, circuit models, and ion accumulation. AB - Changes in ion concentration can be expected to accompany natural activity in any preparation with infolded membranes or narrow spaces between cells. Such preparations have complex electrical properties because some of the membranes are isolated by the resistance of the solution in narrow extracellular spaces. Analyses of the diffusional and electrical consequences of these structural complexities are intimately related: both require morphometric measurement and theoretical analysis of the the structure. The measured properties of complex tissues, either diffusional or electrical, depend on the properties of many membranes and intra- and extracellular compartments. Fitting a structural theory to one type of experimental data separates some of the measured properties of the tissue into the properties of its components. Fitting electrical data alone give many electrical parameters of the tissue components. Fitting diffusional data alone may give some of the permeability and diffusional parameters of the tissue components. A complete understanding of ion accumulation probably requires a concomitant analysis of elctrical properties. PMID- 7364049 TI - Phosphorylation of muscle contractile proteins: Introduction. PMID- 7364050 TI - Myosin light chain phosphorylation during the contraction cycle of frog muscle. AB - Changes in the [32P]phosphate content of proteins during contraction were investigated with sartorius and semitendinosus muscles dissected from live frogs injected with [32P]orthophosphate. During a single tetanus, the only significant change was the increase in the [32P]phosphate content of the 18,000-dalton light chain of myosin. The extent of light chain phosphorylation was a function of stimulus duration and it amounted maximally to 0.35 mol of [32P]phosphate transferred per mol of light chain. The extent of phosphorylation in stimulated and stretched semitendinosus muscles, which were unable to produce active tension, was nearly identical to that in muscles stimulated at standard rest length, when the time of stimulation was over a half-second. Maximal light chain phosphorylation was also observed in muscles treated with caffein. These results provide evidence for the activation of the light chain kinase in the intact muscle through a process involving Ca2+. The phosphorylation of the light chain associated with tetanic stimulation was reversible. After short tetanuses, dephosphorylation of light chain approximately followed relaxation and after longer tetanuses, dephosphorylation lagged behind relaxation. The role of light chain phosphorylation was investigated in caffeine-treated and untreated muscles by measuring the Ca content of actin and the [32P]phosphate content of light chain. Phosphorylation of light chain protected the actin-bound Ca against removal by EDTA stoichiometrically. It is postulated that the physiological role of light chain phosphorylation is to increase the rate of combination of the cross-bridges with the actin filaments in the contracting phase of the mechanical activity. PMID- 7364051 TI - Phosphorylation of contractile proteins in heart and skeletal muscle. AB - Contractile performance of cardiac and skeletal muscles may be regulated by cyclic AMP or Ca2+, two second messengers that stimulate the phosphorylation of specific myofibrillar proteins. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase catalyzed the rapid phosphorylation of a single site in the inhibitory subunit of cardiac troponin in vitro and in perfused hearts. Skeletal muscle troponin was not phosphorylated by this enzyme in vivo. Although there was a correlation between cardiac troponin phosphorylation and the positive inotropic response to catecholamines, a biochemical mechanism that could account for a functional relationship between the two processes has not been discovered. Phosphorylation of skeletal muscle myosin was catalyzed by myosin light chain kinase in the presence of Ca2+ and the ubiguitous, multifunctional Ca2+-dependent regulator protein (CDR). The activation of kinase activity appeared to proceed via a trimolecular reaction process in which Ca2+ bound to CDR and the Ca2+.CDR complex then interacted with the enzyme. In rat extensor digitorum longus muscle, a 1 sec tetanic contraction resulted in phosphorylation of myosin light chain with the maximal phosphate incorporated 20 sec after the contraction. The light chain phosphate content declined slowly and correlated to post-tetanic potentiation of isometric twitch tension. Phosphorylation of skeletal muscle myosin may be important in modulating contraction. PMID- 7364052 TI - Calcium-activated tension: the role of myosin light chain phosphorylation. AB - Small strips of intestinal or arterial smooth muscle composed of many functionally skinned muscle cells (nonfunctional sarcolemma), skinned skeletal single fibers, or bundles of skinned cardiac fibers were used to test the hypothesis that a myosin light chain kinase/phosphatase system is responsible for the activation of contraction. The results showed that in smooth muscle: 1) there is a close correlation between the degree of phosphorylation of the myosin light chains and tension development: 2) irreversible thiophosphorylation of myosin light chain results in irreversible activation of tension; and 3) inhibition of the light chain kinase by phenthiazines results in dephosphorylation of the myosin light chains and inactivation of tension in the presence of Ca2+. In contrast, in skinned striated muscle fibers 1) there is no correlation between phosphorylation and tension, 2) light chains could not be thiophosphorylated, and 3) phenothiazines did not affect Ca2+-activated tension. These findings indicate a Ca2+-sensitive light chain kinase/phosphatase system is responsible for the activation of smooth muscle, but no similar evidence was found for such a system in striated muscle. PMID- 7364053 TI - Phosphorylation of smooth muscle myosin and myosin light chains. AB - The most popular theory to account for the regulation of the contractile activity of smooth muscle, at the contractile protein level, is based on the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the myosin molecule. The enzymes involved are a myosin light chain kinase and a phosphatase, respectively. In this communication a method is given for the purification of the kinase. Using the purified kinase in combination with calmodulin, the pH dependence and rates of P transfer were examined. An Arrhenius plot of phosphorylation rates indicated that Q10 is approximately 2. The rates of P transfer to myosin light chains at 25 C and 37 C were about 15 and 34 mumol.min-1.mg-1 kinase, respectively. It is shown also that the rate of phosphorylation of isolated myosin light chains is significantly faster than the rate obtained when whole myosin is used as the phosphate acceptor, the latter being at least an order of magnitude slower. This difference in rates was not due entirely to the difference in physical states of the two substrates since at an increased ionic strength, where myosin was soluble, the rate of phosphorylation of the light chain fraction was still considerably faster than the rate of phosphorylation of whole myosin. PMID- 7364054 TI - Effects of anesthetics on the heart. AB - General anesthetic agents can be divided on the basis of whether or not they "sensitize" the heart to the arrhythmogenic actions of catecholamines. There appear to be two separate means by which the catecholamines cause ventricular arrhythmias during anesthesia: one is related to a reduction in supraventricular driving rate caused both directly by the anesthetic and reflexly in response to the pressor effect of catecholamine injection; the other action (favoring ventricular fibrillation) is caused by direct anesthetic depression of the intraventricular conducting system. Of the anesthetics used today, halothane has the most pronounced cardiac sensitizing action. The same anesthetics can also be divided according to whether or not they stimulate sympathetic nervous system activity. Those that do (e.g., diethyl ether) abolish the barostatic reflexes. Those that do not (e.g. halothane) reset the barostatic reflexes to favor a reduced level of arterial pressure; they also tend to cause a reduction in sympathetic nervous activity efferent to the heart. Parasympathetic nervous actions are relatively insignificant. All general anesthetics cause myocardial depression at all concentrations that are clinically useful. The mechanism appears to involve a reduction in the Ca2+ available to the contractile elements. Exactly how anesthetics do this is unclear, but these drugs appear to decrease both the Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane and the Ca2+ content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7364055 TI - Microcirculatory actions of general anesthetics. AB - General anesthesia, either with the inhalation or the nonvolatile anesthetics, results in significant changes in the microvasculature. The anesthetics alter microvascular diameters in the resting animal and they change the responses to stress (i.e., catecholamine stimulation or hemorrhage) also. Alterations in the microvasculature involve primarily changes in the diameters of arterioles and venules and these, combined with the associated changes in arterial pressure and cardiac output, are responsible for the changes in organ blood flow that occur during general anesthesia. General anesthetics alter the in vivo vascular smooth muscle responses to topically applied vasoactive substances such as epinephrine or norepinephrine. The microvascular responses to hemorrhage are altered by the anesthetics and the changes are most pronounced in the smaller (approximately 20 micrometers) arterioles. Anesthetic influences on the microcirculation are unique for each agent and are not the result of the general state of narcosis. Anesthetic influences on the microvasculature are both dose-dependent and tissue specitic. The peripheral vascular effects of the anesthetics may influence the choice of anesthesia and may alter the results of experimental investigations performed in anesthetized animals. PMID- 7364056 TI - Anesthesia, formed elements of the blood, and macrophages. AB - Anesthetics depress not only compact organs such as the brain and heart but also the diffuse array of single cells that comprise the formed elements of the blood and macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). The principal anesthetic effect is depression of contractile elements of these cells subserving the functions of phagocytosis, cell locomotion, and transvascular diapedesis. Marrow granulocyte production and in vitro lymphocyte transformation are also depressed. Effects on erythrocytes are limited to the membrane, which anesthetics render somewhat resistant to rupture. These anesthetic actions are of interest both to basic scientists concerned with structure and function of single cells and to clinicians caring for patients whose circulating and fixed formed elements are dysfunctional. PMID- 7364057 TI - Membrane and cellular actions of anesthetic agents. AB - It is generally accepted that anesthetics affect most biological cells in a nonspecific fashion. A similar or unitary mechanism of action has been proposed for all anesthetics. This may be the rule for general anesthesia; however, evidence exists which suggests that all anesthetics may not act via the same mechanism or at the same site. It is well recognized that various anesthetic agents can affect peripheral systems in a selective manner that is often clinically relevant. In addition to the nonspecific requirement of lipid solubility, specific molecular structure may determine the selectivity of an anesthetic and thus its pattern of anesthesia. Recent studies on an isolated neuronal preparation, the stretch receptor of the crayfish, are presented which demonstrate that anesthetics can differentially alter neuronal behavior in addition to producing biphasic effects of excitation and depression. It is yet to be resolved whether these effects are relevant to the mechanism of anesthesia. PMID- 7364058 TI - American Society of Biological Chemists: 71st annual meeting and Biophysical Society: 24th annual meeting. New Orleans, Louisiana: 1--5 June 1980. Abstracts. PMID- 7364059 TI - Variation of ethinylestradiol blood levels among healthy women using oral contraceptives. AB - Data concerning ethinylestradiol (EE) blood levels among 93 healthy women using oral contraceptives are presented. Seventy-two per cent of the observed variation in EE blood levels was unexplainable on the basis of time since ingestion of the last oral contraceptive, day of menstrual cycle, race, age, weight, height, blood pressure, cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, diurnal variation, or lifetime use of oral contraceptives. PMID- 7364060 TI - Echographic study of follicular maturation and ovulation during the normal menstrual cycle. AB - Follicular development was followed by echography during 18 menstrual cycles in 10 women volunteers. Results were correlated with changes in serum hormone levels, basal body temperature curves, and cervical mucus changes. The average follicular growth as measured from the time of echographic visualization was 0.3 cm/day. The diameter of the follicle measured the day before disappearance was 2.7 +/- 0.3 cm. In all cases echography was shown to indicate accurately the time of ovulation. Given its inoffensive nature, the usefulness of echography in determining the physical event of ovulation is demonstrated. Possible applications in the surveillance of ovulation induction methods and in artificial insemination are discussed. PMID- 7364061 TI - Contractile patterns of isolated oviductal smooth muscle under different hormonal conditions. AB - The isthmic portion of the human fallopian tube was excised during surgery and the ampullary-isthmic junction was identified. Muscle strips (1-mm wide) were dissected from the outer longitudinal and the inner circular layers at this region and used for isometric recordings of spontaneous contractile activity in organ bath experiments. It was found that the amplitude and the duration of individual contractions were similar during various phases of normal menstrual cycles, whereas the frequency of contractions was significantly increased during the periovulatory period in both circular and longitudinal muscle. During early pregnancy or treatment with combined oral contraceptives the motility pattern was similar to that observed in the late luteal phase, being characterized by a comparatively low contraction frequency. In the perimenopausal period, irregular patterns were frequently observed whereas preparations obtained from postmenopausal women exhibited a very weak activity with low amplitude and frequency of contractions. Similar activity was encountered in specimens from patients treated with androgens. It is concluded that endogenous estrogens stimulate human oviductal contractility while endogenous progesterone has a depressive action on tubal activity. Both effects occur with a certain delay and are prolonged for up to 3 days, i.e., the changes in the serum levels of ovarian steroids and the induced alterations of tubal contractility are out of phase. PMID- 7364063 TI - Lipid pattern in split ejaculate and Klinefelter's syndrome. AB - Total lipids, phospholipids, and cholesterol are present in greater amounts in fraction I of split ejaculates of normal healthy volunteers than in other fractions. Glyceride concentrations are higher in fraction III. The cholesterol phospholipid ratio varies significantly in different fractions. The free ester cholesterol ratio is also altered in different fractions. The relative importance of these findings in relation to sperm survival and motility is discussed. In whole ejaculates of patients with Klinefelter's syndrome, glyceride concentrations are higher, phospholipid concentrations are lower, and cholesterol concentrations remain unaltered as compared with samples from normal healthy volunteers. PMID- 7364062 TI - Sperm storage in the human cervix: a quantitative study. AB - Twenty-five women scheduled for hysterectomy for nonmalignant disease participated in the study. Sperm storage in endocervical crypts was examined in three groups of patients: nine women pretreated with estrogen and inseminated with normal semen, nine women pretreated with gestagen and inseminated with normal semen, and seven women pretreated with estrogen and inseminated with abnormal semen. The number of crypts containing spermatozoa (colonized crypts) and the sperm density per crypt were examined in serially sectioned cervices. In estrogen-pretreated cervices both the percentage of colonized crypts and the sperm density were significantly higher than in gestagen-pretreated cervices. Large and giant crypts proved to be the main storage facility for spermatozoa. The localization of crypts along the endocervical canal did not influence sperm storage. The quality of semen appeared to be of critical importance to sperm storage. The percentage of colonized crypts and sperm density were severly reduced in patients inseminated with abnormal semen. PMID- 7364064 TI - Comparison of avitene, topical thrombin, and gelfoam as sole hemostatic agent in tuboplasties. AB - Forty-eight virgin guinea pigs were subjected to bilateral sectioning of the uterine horn and cuff type salpingostomy. Avitene, Topical Thrombin, or Gelfoam was used as the sole hemostatic agent in each of three study groups. Bipolar cauterization was used in a control series. These agents were compared with regard to ease of application, degree of adhesion formation, net surface area, and microscopic evaluation of degree of fibrosis and inflammatory reaction. The results revealed no statistically significant differences among the various methods of hemostasis. Data were evaluated by uni- and multivariate analyses. Several trends in the data were noted: the greatest amount of fibrosis was associated with Topical Thrombin and Avitene, and the greatest inflammatory response was associated with Avitene. These agents show no superiority to currently used cautery methods of obtaining hemostasis. PMID- 7364065 TI - Penetration of the zona-free hamster egg by human sperm. AB - Human sperm become capable of penetrating zona-free hamster eggs after preincubation in an appropriate culture medium. This observation has led to the development of an assay for characterizing the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa. In the present study, the incorporation of sperm by zona-free hamster eggs was quantitated, and several parmeters that contribute to penetration were evaluated. The importance of the motile sperm concentration was established; no penetration was seen at concentrations lower than 6 x 10(5) motile cells/ml, whereas above this level the mean number of incorporated sperm per egg was linearly related to concentration. Freeze-thawed sperm, although capable of penetrating zona-free hamster eggs, did so with lesser frequency than did fresh sperm at equal concentrations of motile sperm. Kinetic experiments indicated that eggs were maximally penetrated after 5 hours of exposure to capacitated sperm and that the cessation in sperm incorporation seen at this time resulted from egg-related changes that occurred during aging in vitro. A protocol for evaluating "fertilizing capacity" of human sperm samples was outlined incorporating the findings from the present study. Using these conditions, reproducible penetration levels were obtained when several ejaculates obtained from the same donor over a 3-month interval were tested at similar motile sperm concentrations. PMID- 7364066 TI - Correlation of sperm granulomas and sperm autoantibodies in inbred rats. AB - The relationship between sperm granulomas and antisperm antibodies is speculative. Some investigators believe that sperm granulomas are the result of humoral sensitization, whereas others doubt that they represent an immunologic phenomenon at all. We performed transabdominal bilateral vasectomies by ligation or transection in Brown Norway, Lewis, Fischer, and Sprague-Dawley rats. These strains are known to differ in incidence of antisperm antibody formation following vasectomy. Serum was obtained monthly for determination of antibodies by indirect immunofluroescence. Animals were killed at 6 months and examined for the presence of antisperm antibodies and sperm granulomas. Both antibodies and granulomas were found in 71% of Brown Norway rats. Granulomas were found in all rats of other strains, whereas the incidence of antibodies ranged from 25% to 50%. Thus a specific immunologic relationship between sperm granulomas and antisperm antibodies has not been confirmed. PMID- 7364068 TI - Assessment of ovulation by ultrasound and estradiol levels during spontaneous and induced cycles. AB - Both Graafian follicle growth and subsequent ovulation were studied in 45 menstrual cycles of 28 patients by the estimation of plasma estradiol levels and by the measurement of follicle size and number by ultrasound. Twenty spontaneous ovulatory cycles were studied as controls compared with twenty cycles in which ovulation was induced by clomiphene and five cycles in which ovulation was induced by human pituitary gonadotropin. The means of the peak estradiol levels during the cycles in which one follicle was present were 1553.1 +/- 87.8 pmoles/liter in the spontaneous cycles and 2296.8 +/- 163.4 pmoles/liter in the clomiphene-treated cycles. Ultrasound was shown to be complementary to endocrine profiles because the number and diameter of Graafian follicles could be measured accurately by this technique. PMID- 7364067 TI - Mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas in infertility and abortion. PMID- 7364069 TI - Clinical course and outcome of thirty-five pregnancies in infertile hyperprolactinemic women. AB - Thirty-five pregnancies occurred during a 21-month follow-up period in 68 women (51%) who presented with infertility and hyperprolactinemia. Bromocriptine was used in 33 patients, of whom 25 (76%) conceived. In the remaining 35 patients who did not receive bromocriptine, there were 10 pregnancies (28%). The presence or absence of menses and galactorrhea in infertile hyperprolactinemic women treated with bromocriptine did not affect significantly the pregnancy rate. No pituitary complication occurred during pregnancy in any hyperprolactinemic patient and there was no change in sellar x-ray appearance, even in two patients whom a plain skull x-ray showed a minor sellar abnormality. Of the 35 pregnancies, 25 occurred after bromocriptine therapy, 2 after thyroxine therapy, 2 after clomiphene therapy, and 6 without any treatment. Five pregnancies ended in first-trimester abortion, including four after bromocriptine treatment. It is concluded that hyperprolactinemia is a good prognostic factor in infertility and that the majority of patients become fertile after a course of bromocriptine. No congenital abnormalities were observed in the offspring of patients treated with bromocriptine, but the abortion rate was higher than average. PMID- 7364070 TI - Improved semen quality in subfertile males with varicocele-associated oligospermia following treatment with clomiphene citrate. AB - Varicocelectomy has been found to improve the spermogram in many subfertile men. However, there still remains a sizable group of subfertile men whose counts fail to improve sufficiently following surgery. Clomiphene citrate, which has been shown to improve fertility in idiopathic oligospermia, was similarly tried in men with varicoceles. The counts of 71% were raised to the low-normal range, and 36% achieved pregnancies. Medical therapy with clomiphene citrate may prove not only to be a useful adjunct to varicocelectomy but may prove to be first-line therapy for counts under 10 million/ml (8 of 13 improved to over 20 million/ml) when surgical therapy has not been successful. PMID- 7364071 TI - Vasectomy: efficacy of placing the cut vas in different fascial planes. AB - The inadvertent failure to achieve sterility in 8 to 40 vasectomy procedures afforded a rare opportunity to study the efficacy of placing the two cut ends of the vasa in different fascial planes. Interposition of the fascia was performed in 12 patients and was not performed in 28 others, with no significant difference in the failure rates of the two groups. Histologic examination of vasal tissue from one patient in each group revealed that a sperm granuloma can erode fascia and the wall of the vas. PMID- 7364072 TI - Factors affecting sperm motility. III. Influence of visible light and other electromagnetic radiations on human sperm velocity and survival. AB - Specimens of semen from fertile and infertile patients were exposed to different electromagnetic radiations, including visible light, ultraviolet (UV) light, x rays, and high-frequency radio waves. Sperm motility was analyzed before, during, and after irradiation by the multiple exposure photography (MEP) method. No significant difference was found between controls and specimens exposed to various doses of visible and UV light and x-rays either immediately or several hours after exposure. In contrast to spermatozoa of other species that were reported to be adversely affected by visible and UV light and x-rays, human spermatozoa seem to be highly resistant to similar doses of these radiations. A deleterious influence was observed when high-frequency radio waves were applied to human spermatozoa. This may be attributed to an intracellular diathermic effect. The informative value of this study in relation to routine semen analyses and experimental studies in the physiology and comparative anatomy of spermatozoa is discussed. PMID- 7364073 TI - Pregnancy after testicular transplant: importance of treating the couple. PMID- 7364074 TI - Immunologic infertility. PMID- 7364075 TI - [Behavioral reactions of dogs upon electric stimulation of the claustrum]. PMID- 7364076 TI - [Hypothalamic and reticular influences on the neuronal activity of the lateral geniculate body and optic tract]. PMID- 7364077 TI - [Effect of stimulation of the motor area of the cerebral cortex on the activity of bulbar respiratory neurons and neuromotor units of the respiratory muscles]. PMID- 7364078 TI - [Voluntary short-term memory in persons with different levels of functional lability of their basic nervous processes]. PMID- 7364079 TI - [Age and the relationship between short-term auditory memory and the type of nervous system and achievement]. PMID- 7364080 TI - [Analysis of symbolic conditioned stimuli in the mentally ill]. PMID- 7364082 TI - [Changes in the membrane potentials of hepatocytes following hemorrhage]. PMID- 7364081 TI - [Electrical activity of the isolated heart during biological preservation]. PMID- 7364084 TI - [Certain aspects of the functional-morphologic characteristics of postischemic brain edema]. PMID- 7364083 TI - [Effect of certain pharmacologic preparations altering small intestine motor activity on the nature of afferent activity in its nerves]. PMID- 7364085 TI - [Psychophysiologic aspects of the occupational choice of miners of mechanized clean faces of coal mines]. PMID- 7364086 TI - [Disruption of liver energy metabolism in chronic cholecystitis and its metabolic correction with sodium succinate]. PMID- 7364087 TI - [Participation of adrenoreceptors in the development of stress lesions of the gastric mucosa]. PMID- 7364088 TI - [Changes in the conditioned reflex salivary gland temperature reaction in dogs when the reinforcement portion is reduced]. PMID- 7364089 TI - [Role of the basolateral portion of the amygdaloid body in the performance of food getting conditioned reflexes in rats]. PMID- 7364091 TI - [Conditioned electro-defensive reflex in white rats against a backdrop of a constant magnetic field]. PMID- 7364090 TI - [Effect of destruction of the basolateral and corticomedial portions of the amygdala on the "open field" behavior of rats]. PMID- 7364092 TI - [Changes in the ultrastructure of bone marrow cells in interphase following irradiation with fast neutrons]. PMID- 7364093 TI - [Concentration of nicotinamide coenzymes in denervated muscles]. PMID- 7364094 TI - [Effect of nerobol on the secretory and excretory function of the liver in rats with experimental hepatitis]. PMID- 7364095 TI - [Method of telestimulation of the brain]. PMID- 7364096 TI - [Device for producing acoustic stimuli]. PMID- 7364097 TI - [Simple method of determining the adhesive-aggregational properties of thrombocytes]. PMID- 7364099 TI - [Certain characteristics of human perception of an approaching sound image]. PMID- 7364098 TI - [Effect of acoustic stimulation parameters on human appreciation of changes in distance from a sound source]. AB - Minimal time necessary for appearance of sensation of approaching or withdrawing of the amplitude-impulse-modulated sound was 0.3--0.4 sec at changing the intensity from minimal to maximal within the range of 30--60 dB over the threshold of rhythmic series determination (10--50 Hz). The number of short lengths of tones or noises in the series within this time epoch should be not less than three. The effect of the value of carrying frequency of the series lengths upon the sensation of approaching or withdrawing is only evident within the range of those temporal parameters of the signal which accompanied change of criterion of estimation of the sound quality. Further shortening of the signal leads to substitution of the criterion for estimation of stimulus position for the criterion of sound accentuation at a tonal carrier and for the criterion of consonant-likeness at a noise carrier. The downward frequency modulation from the initial frequency at a growing amplitude enhances the sensation of "approaching", the upward modulation enhances the sensation of source "withdrawing", as compared with the constant frequency or the frequency modulation of opposite sign. PMID- 7364100 TI - [Limiting conditions for formation of a moving sound image with a changing interaural difference in intensity]. PMID- 7364101 TI - [Minimum phase model of a dynamic spectral analysis of sounds at the periphery of hearing]. AB - The model consists of independent frequency-channels the amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) of which are assigned by the investigator. The phase characteristics are computed. Concrete minimum-phase model is described and illustrated. The temporal and frequency characteristics of this model are consistent with experimental data on peripheral auditory system. The AFC can be easily reformed, so the model is convenient for investigation of functional models of peripheral auditory analysis. PMID- 7364102 TI - [Characteristics of a representation of speech signals by a model of spectral auditory analysis]. PMID- 7364103 TI - [Response characteristics of a model of auditory detection of amplitude fluctuations to speech signals]. PMID- 7364104 TI - [Use of an analog model of auditory detection of amplitude fluctuations for segmentation of fused speech]. PMID- 7364105 TI - [Perception of voiceless plosive consonants in syllables of the "vowel- consonant" type]. AB - Bursts were the determining cue for perception of stops in VC syllables in Russian material under conditions of partial exclusion of information and in conflict combinations; the transitional part of vowels also contained certain information. If the information was reduced, /p/--answers predominated, but in conflict combination /p/ was suppressed by competing cues. The distribution of answers for a conflict combination cannot be described as a sum of distributions of answers for its parts. PMID- 7364106 TI - [Perception of a rhythmic sequence]. PMID- 7364107 TI - [Relationship between electroretinogram parameters and the intensity of a photic stimulus]. AB - The dependence of frog's and cat's electroretinogram (ERG) amplitude upon intensity of light stimuli within the range from 3.5-10(-3) to 3.5-10(3) lk, had a logarithmic character within the limited range of about 1.5--2.0 log. units (from 3--5 to 150--200 lk). This range corresponded to the maximal increase of the ERG amplitude upon a unit of light intensity, i.e., the maximal sensitivity of the retina. In accordance with some psychophysical facts, the range from 3--5 to 150--200 lk seems to be the most informative in respect to encoding light intensity in visual system. PMID- 7364108 TI - [Early receptor potentials and the electroretinogram of rats after exposure to intense light]. PMID- 7364109 TI - [Linear and nonlinear properties of cat visual cortex receptive fields]. AB - Impulse responses of the simple fields cat visual cortex were found to be modulated by gratings passing the field. The complex fields proved to be of three types: with modulated responses, unmodulated responses, and with modulated responses against unmodulated background. Amplitude-phase characteristic (APC) measured were inverse Fourier transformed to obtain the field's weighting function. Simultaneously the APC was reconstructed from the responses to edges and bars, with the use of the Fourier transform. Cross-comparison of the reconstructed APC and the WF showed that a RF has some linear properties but, strictly considered, is a non-linear system. Simple fields display the largest degree of linearity. The more complex field is the greater departures from linearity. As linear methods are inadequate for dealing with cortical RFs, their identification was performed in model experiments on a computer. The evidence obtained suggest that the RFs form a system of operators which perform the expansion of the image in non-classical pattern. Such an expansion can be termed quasi-Fourier-description. PMID- 7364110 TI - [Spatial organization of frog optic tectum neurons involved in detecting movement]. PMID- 7364111 TI - [Reactions of dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias L.) forebrain neurons evoked by visual stimulation]. AB - In unanesthetized immobilized spiny dogfish sharks, functional organization of the forebrain afferent projections was studied with the aid of evoked potentials (EPs) and neuronal responses to adequate stimulation of the eye with light and to electric stimulation of the optic nerve. The forebrain spontaneous unit activity (from 0.1 to 2.8 Hz) changed in response to the optic nerve electric stimulation with latency varying from 58 to 280 msec. Two foci of maximum unit activity were found at the depth of the visual area: at the levels from 850 to 1050 microns and from 1400 to 1600 microns from the forebrain surface. Histogram analysis of the data obtained showed that the main components of EPs reflected postsynaptic processes occurring in the dendrites of the forebrain visual area. PMID- 7364112 TI - [Effect of focused ultrasound on the ampullae of Lorenzini of lamellar-gilled fish]. PMID- 7364113 TI - [Afferent connections between the Clare-Bishop area and the visual and auditory regions of the cerebral cortex]. PMID- 7364114 TI - [Afterdischarges of cat medial geniculate body neurons]. PMID- 7364115 TI - [Frequency characteristics of the masking effect: relationship between the characteristic variation factor and the frequency of the tone being masked]. AB - The irregularity coefficient of the frequency characteristics of masking effect is a function of the frequency of masking tone with constant intensity (10 dB SL). The coefficient is growing by 9--12 dB per octave of the masking tone reaching 60 dB at the frequency 10 kHz. Similar dependence was found by measuring the frequency threshold curves of the cochlear nerve fibers. These values of the coefficient could not be obtained with the aid of classical model of the cochlea. PMID- 7364116 TI - [Characteristic for lateralization of bitonal complexes]. AB - In two subjects, bitonal complex with odd frequencies had the significance of lateralization threshold lesser by half of the single-tone signal threshold according to interaural time difference. In bitonal complex with even frequencies the threshold was still less which indicates a greater interaction of tones with even frequencies. Greater thresholds of lateralization were observed in bitonal complexes by interaural difference in intensities of the higher tone of the complex as compared with the same threshold for single-tone signal. Curves of the dependence of lateralization threshold of bitonal complex by interaural difference in intensities of the higher tone of the complex upon the interaural time differences of: 1) bitonal signal, 2) low-pitched tone, 3) high-pitched tone, were obtained. PMID- 7364117 TI - [Effect of lysozyme suppression of factor XII activation on postadrenaline hypercoagulation]. AB - Adrenaline administration (0.5 mg/kg) in rabbits shortened the blood clotting time for about 30 min, whereas under the lysozyme effect no shortening occurred. I. v. lysozyme administration (0.05 mg/kg) induced clear though transitory decrease of total and latent BAEE-esterase activity of the blood plasma. The data obtained emphasize the role of factor XII activation by adrenaline for physiological regulation of blood coagulability. PMID- 7364118 TI - [Capacitive vascular reactions of the skeletal musculature before and after adrenoreceptor blockade]. AB - In acute experiments on cats under autoperfusion of the denervated shank vessels with a constant blood volume, injection of noradrenaline into the perfusate could either decrease or increase vascular capacitance. The character and magnitude of reaction depended on the initial level of venous pressure: in pressure 10--15 Hg the decrease was predominant, whereas in pressure 0 and 25 mm Hg--the increase of vascular capacitance occurred. Under blockade of beta-adrenoreceptors with propranolol the dependence of the character of changes in shank vessels capacitance remained the same. Under dihydroergotoxin blockade of alpha adrenoreceptors, noradrenaline produced only an insignificant increase of the vascular capacitance. PMID- 7364119 TI - [Regulation of the evacuation of the stomach contents by the initial segments of the small intestine]. AB - In 22 dogs with polyfistulas, isolation of the duodenum from digestion accelerates gastric evacuation. Evacuation of protein and starch solutions from the stomach is determined by the effect of products of their hydrolysis in the small intestine and duodenum. Different segments of intestine affect the evacuation in different ways. PMID- 7364121 TI - [Participation of the spinal cord in regulating the absorption activity of the small intestine]. PMID- 7364122 TI - [Analysis of the mechanisms of the varidirected effect of the vagus nerve on small intestine motility]. PMID- 7364123 TI - [Regulation of the processes of dipeptide and saccharose digestion and hexose absorption in the canine small intestine]. AB - The total amount of digested saccharose increased under the effect of acetylcholine, noradrenaline, ornide, whereas the total amount of digested dipeptides increased under the effect of atropine. The decrease of the total amount of digested saccharose occurred under the effect of atropine and of digested dipeptides under the effect of acetylcholine, noradrenaline, ornide. The effects of these agents on digestion in the cavity and on the small intestine walls were not similar. The resorption of hexose formed during digestion of saccharose depended on the total amount of the digested saccharose. PMID- 7364120 TI - [Functional morphology of the parietal cells]. AB - Perfused stomachs of anesthetized Citellius erythrogenys Br. were monitored for acid secretion, fixed at certain periods of secretory activity and examined by electron microscopy. Two kinds of secretory responses to identical doses of histamine were observed: with the abrupt and the slow decrease of HCl output. The characteristic morphology of active and non-secreting parietal cells was confirmed, and some intermediate stages were studied. In case of the abrupt decrease of HCl secretion endocytotic membrane profiles were described. PMID- 7364124 TI - [Liver exocrine function and lipid metabolism in the digestive tract of calves]. AB - In cattle, the greatest amount of bile was secreted in the foremilk period. The bile secretion level, liver-intestine transport, and lipid consumption decreased till 90 days of age then got stabilized, whereas the liver-intestine transport of bile acids augmented up to 180 days of age. The lipid concentration in the bile and the latter's lipolytic activity are closely related and both of them increase after transition from monogastric to polygastric type of digestion. The lipids absorption in the intestine and their digestion coefficient in 1 month-old cattle are, respectively: 88.0 and 99.6%; in 3 months: 75.7 and 61.3%; in 6 months: 71.7 and 59.1%; whereas the level of hepato-enteral circulation of lipids is, respectively: 8.2%; 10.5%; 14.5% of their absorbed amount. PMID- 7364125 TI - [Effect of radiowaves of nonthermal frequencies on the content of somatotropic hormone in the rat adenohypophysis]. PMID- 7364126 TI - [Role of thyroxine in the thermoregulation of white rats after cold acclimatization]. PMID- 7364127 TI - [Effect of long-term physical training on blood lipids, adrenal functional activity and the kinin system]. AB - Rabbits and dogs exposed to regular physical exercises for 90 days developed an increase of the functional activity of adrenal glands and kinin system of the blood along with steady hyperlipidemia (rabbits--within 50 days, dogs--within 30 days). These unfavourable changes have to be taken into consideration at a single intensive physical exercise for an untrained organism. Prolonged regular exercises lead to adaptation and normalizing of all these parameters. PMID- 7364128 TI - [Method of evaluating the changes in the venous tonus of organs and tissues in an acute experiment]. PMID- 7364130 TI - The role of primary lymphoid organs of chickens in the elimination of 51Cr labelled erythrocytes. AB - F1 chicken hybrids of the inbred lines CC and IC were given injections of erythrocytes from CB line chickens (differing at alloantigens of the major histocompatibility system B) or IA line chickens (differing at the A blood group system alloantigens). Injected erythrocytes were labelled with 51Cr and their gradual elimination from the recipient's circulation was checked. Surgical bursectomy was performed at the end of embryogenesis and thymectomy immediately after hatching. Bursectomy prolonged the survival of B- and A-incompatible erythrocytes. Thymectomy prolonged the survival of A-incompatible erythrocytes and had no effect on the elimination of erythrocytes possessing B antigens. PMID- 7364131 TI - Antibodies to natural double-stranded RNA and to synthetic polyribonucleotides in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A parallel testing of antibodies to double-stranded ribonucleic acid in 80 sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus by the membrane binding method using natural 3H-dsRNA preparation and synthetic 125I-poly I. poly C preparation revealed a good correlation (r = +0.81). In a selected set of patients with SLE we observed a slight tendency to preferential binding of the natural preparation and a lower frequency of anti-dsRNA antibodies when compared to that reported by other investigators. The presence of anti-dsRNA did not correlate with the presence of anti-dsDNA. PMID- 7364129 TI - [Method of isolating the prostate in dogs and the effect of levorin on the secretion and makeup of the prostatic fluid]. PMID- 7364132 TI - Inhibition of rat serum polyphenoloxidase activity by silver ions abolished by administration of copper ions. AB - The administration of silver nitrate (6.47 mg, i.e. 60 mumol Ag+/rat/day) in food was followed in only two days by a pronounced decrease in polyphenoloxidase activity (ceruloplasmin) in rat serum. The administration of copper in the form of copper sulphate (12.7 mg, i.e. 200 mumol Cu2+/rat/day) raised polyphenoloxidase activity (the ceruloplasmin level), the increase being particularly marked on the first four days. On combining the two factors, the effect of Cu+ predominated throughout the duration of the experiment (32 days). PMID- 7364133 TI - Effect of K and Mg salts of aspartic acid on haemopoiesis and recovery from radiation damage in mice. AB - Male mice of a non-inbred strain "H" were used to verify the effect of a 10-day peroral administration of K and Mg aspartates on haemopoietic functions. The salts were proved to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation processes in the thymus, bone marrow and spleen tissues. Mice exposed to a single whole-body X irradiation after pretreatment with K, Mg aspartate exhibited a more conspicuous postirradiation regeneration of haemopoietic organs and an increased postirradiation survival. The results suggest the possibility of using K, Mg aspartate for radioprotective purposes. PMID- 7364134 TI - From the Delaware Cancer Network. Gynecologic malignancies. PMID- 7364135 TI - Medical records. PMID- 7364136 TI - Acetaminophen overdosage: a case presentation and review of current therapy. PMID- 7364137 TI - Intracellular temperature: another theory of carcinogenesis. PMID- 7364138 TI - Improving physicians' employment agreements. PMID- 7364139 TI - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7364140 TI - [D-penicillamine-induced pemphigus]. AB - The authors describe a new original observation of a D-penicillamine-induced pemphigus in a patient with rheumatoid polyarthritis. It begins in two steps: the first crisis of blisters having subsided after withdrawal of D-penicillamine, there is a recurrence 7 months later. Clinical and histopathological aspects of pemphigus vulgaris are discussed. Existence of intercellular antisubstance antibody in the serum and in the skin. Evolution identical to that of a classical pemphigus requiring an important corticotherapy. Review of the literature on the previous cases of D-penicillamine-induced pemphigus and other pemphigus attributed to the action of other drugs, namely pyritinol, rifampicine and practolol. Discussion of the pathogenesis. PMID- 7364141 TI - Assessment of some variables affecting the blanching activity of betamethasone 17 valerate cream. AB - The effect of concentration and occlusion time on the ability of Betnovate cream (betamethasone 17-valerate 0.1%) to produce skin blanching was assessed. Generally, increased concentration or occlusion time produce an increase in the degree of blanching observed, however, a plateau stage is eventually reached where no further increase of blanching occurs. PMID- 7364142 TI - Disseminated porokeratosis Mibelli treated with RO 10-9359. A study of two cases with ultrastructural remarks. AB - 2 patients with widespread porokeratosis Mibelli (PM) were treated orally with RO 10-9359. The dose was 75 mg/day for 10 days, then 50 mg/day for 3 weeks. The drug produced a good improvement of condition with no serious side effect. Ultrastructural examination of a healed lesion showed the presence of a fine granular substance in the intercellular space of the spinous layer, most likely produced by keratinocytes; ultrastructural cellular alterations of PM were still evident and the lesion recurred after suspension of treatment. PMID- 7364143 TI - Treatment of hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans (Flegel) with topical fluorouracil. PMID- 7364144 TI - Treatment of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's Syndrome) with potassium iodide. AB - 6 cases with acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome) responded rapidly and dramatically to treatment with potassium iodide. All patients became afebrile and symptom-free within 24--48 h after therapy. The cutaneous eruptions subsided completely in 3--5 days. 5 of the patients received the drug only for 2 weeks, but they have had no recurrences. Although the remaining 1 patient had shown minor recurrences after cessation of the medication, he was free of all symptoms during the therapy. The mode of the action of potassium iodide is also discussed. PMID- 7364145 TI - Monoclonal IgG immunoglobulinemia in psoriatic arthritis. AB - A 57-year-old man with skin psoriasis and psoriatic arthropathy, in whom an IgG-K monoclonal immunoglobulin was identified, is reported. A 7-year follow-up did not disclose any evidence of malignancy. The significance of this unusual occurrence is described. PMID- 7364146 TI - Molluscum contagiosum limited to a scar. PMID- 7364147 TI - Hallermann-Streiff syndrome. AB - Only 2 cases of Hallermann-Streiff syndrome were reported in the past in the dermatological literature. We describe a 20-year-old female patient whose clinical findings mostly fall into this syndrome, except for the presence of slightly low-set ears. The mother of this patient suffered from rubella and took drugs in her 3rd month of pregnancy. This might have been related to the development of the abnormalities of this patient. Chromosomal analysis was normal. PMID- 7364148 TI - Effect of sex hormones on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in rat levator ani muscle. AB - We studied the influence of sex hormones using the hormone-sensitive levator ani muscle as a model tissue and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as an indicator of hormone action. Injection of testosterone or estradiol cause a 50% increase in the specific activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The effect was dose dependent, and was maximal at a dose of 2.5mg/100g body weight. Estradiol increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as early as 8 h after injection, while testosterone required 12 h. Injection of estradiol on 2 successive days increased enzyme activity by 80%. The effect of estradiol was abolished by actinomycin D, suggesting enzyme induction. The results indicate a direct effect of estrogen on striated muscle. PMID- 7364149 TI - Purification and characterization of the estrogen-induced protein (IP) of the rat uterus. AB - One of the earliest responses of the rat uterus to estrogen is increased synthesis of a specific cytosol protein (IP). This synthesis is detectable within 40 min and is dependent on an even earlier actinomycin D-sensitive function. IP has now been purified to homogeneity as determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). The procedure was complicated by a tendency of the more homogeneous and concentrated material to aggregate. Purification consisted of sequential chromatography, in the presence of 0.1% triton X-100, via DEAE cellulose (2x), hydroxylapatite and agarose-acrylamide. These were followed by preparative PAGE and finally SDS PAGE. Molecular weight determination by Ferguson plot analysis yielded an apparent molecular weight of 45 000. On final SDS PAGE, the material consisted of two major bands: the 45 000 molecular weight IP band and a band with an estimated molecular weight of 80 000. This second band displayed an elevated synthesis in E2-stimulated uteri similar to IP and appeared to consist of some form of aggregated IP. Carbohydrate determination on SDS gels using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain was negative. Co-purification of labeled cytosol proteins from uteri of control and E2-stimulated rats revealed that IP is synthesized to some extent in the unstimulated animal as well as the stimulated. PMID- 7364150 TI - The role of serum in the culture of a human lymphoblastoid cell line. AB - The serum requirement for the human lymphoblastoid cell line MICH can be replaced by iron, methylcellulose and bovine serum albumin. Fatty acid free preparations of albumin are inactive. PMID- 7364151 TI - Production of the lymphokine costimulator by activated mouse splenocytes under controlled conditions. AB - CBA/J mouse splenocytes were induced by concanavalin A to produce the lymphokine costimulator. No serum was needed for this process. Culture conditions were optimized in a 250 ml reactor vessel. While variations of the pH or agitation by stirring had no influence, high dissolved oxygen was found to increase the yields of costimulator even at the cost of cell viability. PMID- 7364152 TI - Concentration and purification of human rabies vaccines : results. AB - Concentration of two types of rabies tissue culture vaccine has been realized with Amicon hollow fibers. The coefficient of purification obtained on Sepharose 6B chromatography is 2,3 to 4,6 with a recuperation of 25% to 30% of the haemagglutination power for one of the vaccines. The control of glycoprotein contents has been realized by means of classical technics as well as the rapid immunoenzymatic test. (I.E.T.). PMID- 7364153 TI - Risks and gains associated with vaccination. PMID- 7364154 TI - Experience with sterile filtration of blood products. AB - A brief outline of the differences between depth and screen filters and between disc and cartridge filters is presented. PMID- 7364155 TI - Efficiency of medium utilization by human diploid fibroblasts in culture. AB - Growth of two human diploid cell strains were studied in relation to medium formulation, supplementation and inoculum size. MRC-5 cells were found to give greatly improved yields in Dulbecco Modified Eagle's medium, while a foreskin strain, HFS-30, showed only a slight effect. Supplementation of nutrient by the addition of fresh medium after two days incubation and the use of small inocula, gave enhanced yields and medium utilisation in both cell types. PMID- 7364156 TI - The effect of pH on the growth and carbohydrate metabolism of a lymphoblastoid cell line. AB - Glucose limited the maximum population density of the cell line Bri 8 over a wide range of pH values. Efficiency of glucose utilisation varied with pH and hence pH influenced maximum population density. Surprisingly the ratio of glucose consumed to lactic acid produced was not greatly influenced by pH. PMID- 7364158 TI - Factors determining to biotransformation of cholesterol to bile acids in the rat: development of a new model. AB - This paper proposes a model for cholesterol metabolism in the rat based on extensive data obtained on rats in isotopic equilibrium with radioactive cholesterol. These data reveal that the rate of bile acid synthesis is closely related to cholesterol input. Hence the transformation of cholesterol into bile acids is conceived as a determinative process for the dynamics of the cholesterol system in the rat. This process is not per se regulated if the definition of regulation is as follows: to maintain constant a variable. In fact, the control of the transformation is dependent on the particulate transport of the plasma lipoproteins into the liver. In other words, from a physiological point of view, the process governing the net removal of cholesterol from the plasma into the liver is the limiting step for the cholesterol transformation into bile acids. Temporary losses or gains of cholesterol by the system modify the flow of the cholesterol transformation into bile acids during a transitory period. The effect of the exogenous taurocholate is so interpreted. Because this bile acid seems to act initially on the capacity of the liver to esterify free cholesterol, there results a loss of cholesterol which cannot be transformed into bile acids. PMID- 7364157 TI - Continuous flow centrifugation of cell cultures under asceptic conditions. AB - A disposable pyrogen-free centrifuge bowl is described for continuous asceptic separation of cells from cultures up to 50 litres. PMID- 7364159 TI - Food-stimulated serum calcitonin concentrations in patients with ulcer negative dyspepsia, duodenal ulcer and in controls. AB - In 12 normals serum calcitonin (CT) concentration decreased significantly when eating wtih a return to basal value and a significant postprandial fall. No difference was observed in the food-stimulated CT secretion between duodenal ulcer patients and normals. In 25 patients with ulcer negative dyspepsia a significant increase in serum CT concentration occurred during food intake followed by a return to basal level and a secondary significant rise. The pattern in patients with ulcer negative dyspepsia differed significantly from patients with duodenal ulcer and normals. PMID- 7364160 TI - Effect of cycloheximide on bile flow adaptive response in selective biliary obstruction. AB - The adaptive increase in bile flow was studied up to 24 h after selective biliary obstruction (SBO) in the rat. Between 6 and 12 h after SBO bile flow increased significantly, such that 12 and 24 h after SBO bile flow did not differ significantly from control. The prior administration of cycloheximide (300 micrograms/100 g) resulted in a significant impairment of the increase in bile flow normally occurring between 6 and 12 h after SBO. These data indicate that the adaptive response in bile flow is dependent on de novo protein synthesis and suggest that the protein composition of the plasma membrane may determine the adaptive increase in bile flow that occurs after SBO in the rat. PMID- 7364161 TI - The location of chronic gastric ulcer: a study of the relevance of ulcer size, age, sex, alcohol, analgesic intake and smoking. AB - Ulcer size, age, sex, alcohol and analgesic intake and cigarette consumption were studied in relation to the site of the ulcer in 215 patients with chronic gastric ulcer, of whom 96 were initial and 115 recurrent ulcers. Ulcer site was classified into upper (U), middle (M) and lower (L) thirds of the stomach, on X ray films of air-contrast barium studies. The ulcers were situated in the upper third in 37 patients (17%), middle third in 90 patients (42%) and lower third in 88 patients (41%), i.e., significantly more in M and L compared to U (p less than 0.001). 135 ulcers were on the lesser curve (63%) with more in L and M compared to U (p less than 0.0005). Posterior wall ulcers accounted for 29.3%. Ulcers were smallest in L (mean 28.8 mm2) compared to those in M (mean 66.1 mm2) and U (mean 64.4 mm2) (p less than 0.001). Mean size overall was 49.0 mm. The mean age of the patients was 58.8 years with no significant differences in age between U, M and L (p greater than 0.9). The M/F ratio in the whole series was 0.6 which varied with ulcer site, being 0.3 in U (differing significantly from the whole series, p less than 0.05), 0.4 in M and 1.2 in L (significantly different from the whole series, p less than 0.01) and from U (p less than 0.01). Initial ulcers did not differ from recurrent ulcers except in women where initial ulcers were more common in M and L, whereas recurrent ulcers were more commin in U. The independent variables, namely, alcohol and analgesics (with the exception of smoking), were not determinants of ulcer site, size or position once the patients were segregated by sex. In men only, there were interactions between L and lesser curve site (p less than 0.004) and L and smoking (p less than 0.03). PMID- 7364162 TI - The incidence of juvenile diabetes mellitus in New Zealand. AB - The incidence of juvenile diabetes in New Zealand over a five year period (1968- 1972) was determined from hospital admission data stored at the Department of Health, National Statistics Centre. The average annual incidence for persons under 20 years was 10.4 persons/100,000. There was no sex difference below 16 years, and the increased incidence among females 16--19 years could be attributed to pregnancy. There was a 1.4-fold higher incidence in the South Island than in the North Island. There were no regular seasonal trends. The incidence was constant between 1--9 years increasing to a sustained 2.2-fold higher level from 11 years. The absence of childhood peaks and the sustained higher incidence in adolescence is in contrast to European studies. PMID- 7364164 TI - Diabetes mellitus: a new look at diagnostic criteria. PMID- 7364163 TI - Type 1 diabetes and the HLA-D locus. AB - HLA-D specificities have been investigated in 58 classical Type 1 diabetics and 43 healthy subjects. Both groups were selected according to the HLA-B locus antigens which are known to have a significant positive or negative association with the disease. The results indicate that (1) the primary association of the disease is with HLA-DW3, (2) the increased frequency of DW4 in diabetics with rare exception is co-existent with the presence of DW3, (3) the low frequency of DW2 is secondary to the increase in DW3 and/or DW4, and is not consistent with a primary 'protective' role. It is suggested that these data support the hypothesis of interaction between HLA-linked genes operating by separate mechanisms to confer the susceptibility to young onset Type 1 diabetes (Type 1 A). PMID- 7364165 TI - Outcome of pregnancies in diabetic mothers in Norway 1967-1976. AB - A total of 1035 births to diabetic mothers were registered in Norway during the 10-year period 1967-1976. Perinatal mortality (from 16 weeks of gestation until 7 days after birth) decreased from 177.4 per 1000 births in 1967-68 to 60.7 in 1975 1976; for the total population the figures were 24.1 and 18.4. During the same period the duration of gestation increased from 35.5 weeks in 1967-1968 to 37.0 weeks in 1975-1976. The numbers of small and large infants decreased: in 1967 1968 53.3% weighed 2500-4000 grams, in 1975-1976 70.7%. Moreover, more births took place in university clinics and regional hospitals, 38.7% in 1967-1968 and 77.1% in 1975-1976. Malformations were 50% more common in children of diabetics. Cardiovascular and nervous system malformations accounted for this increase, being 5 times more frequent than in the general population. PMID- 7364166 TI - Pupil motility in long-term diabetes. PMID- 7364167 TI - [Primary biliary cirrhosis and pernicious anemia. A fortuitous association? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7364168 TI - [Anti-B allohemagglutinins in chronic active hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7364169 TI - [Chronic alcoholism and lead poisoning (author's transl)]. PMID- 7364170 TI - [Iproniazid-prochlorperazine fulminant hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7364171 TI - [Syphilis of the rectum mimicking neoplastic disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7364172 TI - [Is it still necessary to operate on malignant gastric lymphoma?]. PMID- 7364173 TI - [Hormonal evaluation in multiple pregnancies (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1974-1978 39 twins pregnancies and 1 triplet pregnancy were monitored by long term hormonal determinations in the serum and the urine. There was an incidence of premature labor of 90%, of pre-eclampsia of 28% and of bleeding 25%. The infants were at risk for prematurity in 58% and for increased perinatal mortality in 8%. The correlation between the total estrogen in the serum and total estrogen excretion in the urine was investigated. Serial determinations of HCG, HPL and progesterone were done in addition to estriol. All hormone levels were higher during the first half of a multiple pregnancy and the diagnosis of multiple pregnancy was suspected from these values. During the further course of the pregnancy none of these hormonal parameters in the serum was of any help in the early detection of fetal risk. In some cases the course of the estrogen excretion in the urine was a sign of placentae insufficiency. PMID- 7364174 TI - [Two cases of perforation of the cecum following caesarean section (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of perforation of the cecum following caesarean section are reviewed. Peritonitis, septic shock, and post-operative ileus are the most important causes of this life threatening complication. In addition, the operative technique is very important. The clinical signs are at first non-specific but the further course increases the likelyhood of the differential diagnosis of perforation of the Cecum. In the management, an early repeat laparotomy is important. The perforation is oversewn. Because of the possible renal and pulmonary complications post-operative intensive care is indicated. PMID- 7364175 TI - [The mean blood pressure in the second trimester (map-2) as a valuable aid in the early recognition of the pregnancies with a risk of hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - The mean blood pressure in the second trimester of pregnancy was calculated with a formula (Formula: see text) which stands for systolic pressure plus twice diastolic pressure divided by 3 equals mmHg. In 285 patients 43% had a MPA-2 value of 85 mmHg. or higher. At this threshold value 89% of all later hypertensions were recognized. An MAP-2 value of 90 mmHg. was found in 21% of the patients. In this group 63% became hypertensive. However, this group contained 10 of the 11 moderately severe and severe cases. In the outcome of the pregnancies there was a significant increase in prepathological fetal monitoring changes and a significant increase in suspicious Apgar values. The calculation of the MAP-2 value should become a part of routine prenatal care. PMID- 7364176 TI - [Results of diagnosis and therapy in female infertility in spectal consideration of metroplastic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7364177 TI - [Questions of bio-ethics in the termination of pregnancy in the second and third trimester of pregnancy for eugenic indications (author's transl)]. AB - According to the paragraph 218 B of the Criminal Code termination of pregnancy for eugenic indications is prohibited. Since it is today possible to diagnose anencephaly at 30 weeks an ethical dilemma arises. The hypothesis is founded that an anencephalic is clinically a dead entity with continuing functions of live corresponding to clinical death following an accident when essential parts of the brain have been lost. If this thesis is accepted a pregnancy can be terminated immediately following diagnosis of anencephaly without using the questionable medical psychiatric indication for termination. PMID- 7364179 TI - [Results of routine removal of ovaries and/or tubes as part of vaginal hysterectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Women of 48 years of age, who undergo a hysterectomy at the Ist Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University in Vienna in addition get adnexectomied for prophylactic reasons. In younger patients only the tubes are removed. The results of 1472 hysterectomies show, that the vaginal route, which is chosen in 70% of all cases, leads in more than 95% to the satisfactory removal of tubes and ovaries without an increase of postoperative morbidity and mortality. PMID- 7364178 TI - [Long-term experience in intrauterine contraception a comparison between Lippes' loop, Dalcon-shield and copper-t (author's transl)]. AB - Three different models of intrauterine pessaries are compared with each other in respect of tolerance and safety. They were worn for different lengths of time, partly for up to ten years. The comparison shows that the Pearl index in its conventional form is not a suitable indicator. It does provide a pointer if the individual collectives are reduced to the same wearing period. The Life-Table method yields better results. It relates the events for a total of 100 women in each case to the same interval periods. This shows that the most favourable rate of complications and quota of failures is obtained with Cu-T 200. During the first three years this quota decreases steadily. Hence it is recommended to effect intrauterine contraception according to this model wherever suitable and to allow Cu-T to be retained in position for at least three years if it is well tolerated. PMID- 7364180 TI - [Statistical evaluation of 984 children with a birth weight of 2500 gram and below (author's transl)]. PMID- 7364181 TI - [Osteogenesis imperfecta in pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Osteogenesis imperfecta is one of the most frequent hereditary anomalies. One personal case is described. The literature is reviewed. The disease entity, the heredity and the possibilities of antenatal diagnosis are described. A pregnant patient with osteogenesis imperfecta needs careful antenatal care. Delivery by primary Caesarean section with gentle delivery of the infant is the method of choice. The aim of the method of delivery is to avoid spontaneous fractures during the delivery. PMID- 7364182 TI - [Trace-elements in the human amniotic fluid (author's transl)]. AB - By means of NAA 14 trace elements yet unknown in the human amniotic fluid were studied. The results seem to support the hypothesis that Rb and Br are essential trace elements. PMID- 7364183 TI - [The influence of general operation risks on the indications for operations for gynaecological cancers (author's transl)]. AB - The increase of high general operative risks in women presenting for gynaecological operations suggested the investigation of the influence of these risks on the choice of treatment of gynaecologic cancers appropriate for the stage. The primary treatment of 426 gynaecologic and breast cancers of the year 1977 is reviewed. There were 53 endometrial carcinomas, 29 ovarian carcinomas, 185 breast cancers, 142 carcinomas of the cervix and pre-invasive carcinoma of the cervix. There were 17 other carcinomas. 354 patients were selected for operative treatment. 72 patients were selected for primary radiotherapy. A considerable number of patients (40-60%) were selected for treatment appropriate for the stage of the cancer by a system of diagnosis of risks, classifications of risks, evaluation of risks and pre-operative treatment of operative risks. The choice of the cancer treatment appropriate to the stage is not influenced by single risks but by the sum of the general operative risks. Typical mistakes in evaluation of operative risks versus indications for the operations are described in case reports. The reports include avoidable and unavoided risks. PMID- 7364184 TI - [Maternal complications following conduction anaesthesia during a delivery (author's transl)]. AB - The danger of maternal complications during local and conduction anaesthesia during delivery is important for the indication for the choice of the method and for informed consent from the patient prior to delivery. Data on maternal complications since 1960 in the use of the pudendal block, the paracervical block, spinal anaesthesia for vaginal deliveries and Caesarean sections, single shot lumbar epidural anaesthesia and continous catheter lumbar epidural anaesthesias and caudal anaesthesias are presented. The respective anaesthetic risk apparent from this data are discussed. PMID- 7364185 TI - [Surgical treatment of female urinary incontinence relapses (author's transl)]. AB - Within the period of 4 years 35 patients with urinary incontinence relapses have been treated surgically using modified Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz method and Lyodura-snare operation. In the group of patients who have been treated with the Lyodura-snare, 13 uterus had to be extirpated vaginally and two times by abdominal approach. 22 patients have been additionally treated by anterior colporrhaphy. In 10 patients with urinary incontinence relapse and simultaneous intraabdominal pathological changes, a laparotomy and abdominal suspension of paraurethral tissue were performed according to the modified Marshall-Marchetti Krantz method. After an observation period of 4-1 years all patients were continent. PMID- 7364186 TI - [Conservative treatment of ureteral lesions caused by gynecological surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Conservative treatment with long lasting success is possible in many cases of ureteral lesions of different etiology, esp. after complications with gynecological surgery. Both fistulas and stenoses of the ureter can be treated conservatively by placing long term indwelling PVC ureteral splints ("endoprothesis") of FR 8 or 10 with smooth surface and without hooks or the like to keep them place. In a considerable number of cases such treatment is a true and even superior alternative to open surgery with its consecutive longer lasting hospitalization, because it can be done as outpatient-care and, of course, has a lower rate of complications. PMID- 7364187 TI - [Urodynamic follow-up investigation after radical abdominal hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy for invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix (author's transl)]. AB - 80 patients without recurrence of carcinoma of the cervix were investigated. The patients had radical abdominal hysterectomies and lymphadenectomies according to Makkenrodt-Latzko-Meigs in the years 1970-1977 at the first university department of gynecology and obstetrics in Munich. The investigation was carried out in the urodynamic testing unit which is described. 47.5% of the patients were free of symptoms. 21% of the women had stress incontinence. 19% of the patients had neurogenic bladder symptoms. 44 of the 80 patients had post-operative radiotherapy. There was no significant difference in the urinary symptoms and signs of the group with and the group without post-operative radiotherapy. The symptoms of the patients from a standardized questionaire did not coincide with the urodynamic study results. PMID- 7364188 TI - [Urinary bladder function in women under psychometrical aspects. A study conducted in 514 women at a gynaecological outpatient hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 7364189 TI - [Substitution of folic acid in pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7364190 TI - [Course of pregnancy and childbirth after 104 successful artifical donogenic inseminations (ADI) with native and cold-storage sperm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7364191 TI - [Penetrating giant foreign body in the minor pelvis--introduced by an act of violent cruelty (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report on an intentional, direct, intravaginal and transdouglacal genital lesion during a fit of jealousy on the part of the alcoholized partner, caused postcoitally by means of a glass bottle of brandy of 0.35 l capacity. The bottle remained in the peritoneal cavity for 23 hours. After laparotomy had been performed, it was necessary to extirpate the uterus and its left adnexae. Wound healing proceeded without complications. No lesions or functional disorders of the pelvic organs were seen subsequently. PMID- 7364192 TI - [Two sisters with Laurence Bardet-Biedl-Moon syndrome and concomittant carcinoma of the body of the uterus (author's transl)]. AB - Two sisters with Laurence-Bardet-Biedl-Moon syndrome were observed. This consists of mental retardation, pigmented retinopathy, polydactyly, obesity and hypogenitalism. Both had carcinoma of the endometrium shortly after age 40. The question is raised whether factors in this syndrome predispose to carcinoma of the endometrium. PMID- 7364193 TI - [Clinical experiences of continuous pH measurements on the fetus during delivery (author's transl)]. AB - Under clinical observation 22 continuous measurements of tissue pH were carried out according to Stamm's method, causing a number of questions, such as usability, possible faults and susceptibility to trouble. Testing the accuracy of measurements was a decisive factor, i.e. conformity of blood pH (determined intermittently according to the conventional method) with tissue pH was tested according to the new method. Furthermore, these values were compared to gas analytical findings in artery and vein of the umbilical cord of the new borns. PMID- 7364194 TI - On alpha-bungarotoxin and cobra alpha-toxin in estimating affinity and efficacy of full agonists. PMID- 7364195 TI - The action of polymethylene-bis-trimethylammonium compounds on the central neuron cholinoreceptors of Limnaea stagnalis (L.) (Gastropoda: pulmonata). PMID- 7364196 TI - Electrophysiology, acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase of immature spinal ganglia of the rabbit--an experimental study and a review. PMID- 7364197 TI - Pharmacological characteristics of cholinoreception in somatic muscles of the nematode, Ascaris suum. PMID- 7364198 TI - Acetylation of sulphadimidine in calves. PMID- 7364199 TI - Investigation of acetylcholine receptors by the method of chemical modification. PMID- 7364200 TI - Conformational transformations of cholinoreceptors of skeletal muscles. PMID- 7364201 TI - Structural elements of H1- and H2-receptors of histamine. PMID- 7364202 TI - Interactions of the cholinergic and serotonergic systems: re-evaluation of conditions for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by serotonin and evidence for a new inhibitor derived from this natural indoleamine. PMID- 7364203 TI - Pharmacological characterization of cholinoreceptors of cardiac ganglion cells of crustaceans. PMID- 7364204 TI - The slow phase of the acetylcholine response in isolated neurons of the gastropod mollusc, Planorbarius corneus. PMID- 7364205 TI - The relative contributions of the receptors and cholinesterases to the effects of acetylcholine on the hearts of bivalve molluscs. PMID- 7364206 TI - Relationship between temperature, ovarian recrudescence, and plasma cortisol level in Tilapia aurea (Cichlidae, Teleostei). PMID- 7364207 TI - [Metamorphosis and responses of the skin and thyroid gland in Pleurodeles submitted to an experimental aeroionization. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7364208 TI - The effects of arginine vasotocin and various microtubular poisons on water transfer and sodium transport across the pelvic skin of the toad Bufo boreas in vitro. PMID- 7364209 TI - Effects of pinealectomy, blinding, and sexual condition on serum gonadotropin levels in the goldfish. PMID- 7364210 TI - The effect of acute cold and warm ambient temperatures on the thyroid hormone concentration in blood plasma, blood supply, and oxygen consumption in Japanese quail. PMID- 7364213 TI - Stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in Lymnaea stagnalis after a single injection with molluscan growth hormone. PMID- 7364211 TI - Biochemical and autoradiographic studies on the oestradiol-concentrating cells in the diencephalon and pituitary gland of the female dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.). PMID- 7364214 TI - Effects of pinealectomy and melatonin treatment on growth in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. PMID- 7364212 TI - Effect of proteolytic enzymes on 1-methyladenine production in starfish follicle cells. PMID- 7364215 TI - The synthesis of neurosecretory protein during the fifth instar of Locusta migratoria migratorioides. PMID- 7364216 TI - Purification of turkey prolactin and the development of a homologous radioimmunoassay for its measurement. PMID- 7364217 TI - Hypophysectomy of tilapia (Sarotherodon mossambicus) through the orbit. PMID- 7364219 TI - Is hypertension different in the elderly? PMID- 7364220 TI - When the patient has otitis externa. PMID- 7364218 TI - The isolation of plasmids containing DNA complementary to messenger RNA for variant surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma brucei. AB - We have isolated poly(A)+ RNA from four antigenic variants (117, 118, 121, 221) of one clone of Trypanosoma brucei. Translation of these poly(A)+ RNAs in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate gave rise to proteins that could be precipitated with antisera against homologous variant surface glycoprotein, the protein responsible for antigenic variation in trypanosomes. From the electrophoretic mobility of these in vitro products in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) gels we infer that variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs) are made as pre-proteins, which require trimming to yield mature VSGs. The total translation products from the four poly(A)+ RNAs produced a complex set of bands on SDS gels, which only differed in the region where the variant pre-glycoproteins migrated. The only detectable variation in the messenger RNA populations of these variants is, therefore, in the messenger RNA for variant pre-glycoproteins. We have made duplex DNA copies of these poly(A)+ RNAs, linked the complementary DNA to plasmid pBR322 by GC tailing and cloned this recombinant DNA in Escherichia coli. Colony hybridization with complementary DNA made on poly(A)+ RNA showed that 7--10% of the colonies contained DNA that hybridized only with the homologous probe. Plasmid DNA was isolated from ten such colonies (two or three of each variant complementary DNA), bound to diazobenzyloxymethyl-cellulose (DBM) paper and used to select complementary messenger RNA from total poly(A)+ RNA by hybridization. In eight cases the RNA recovered from the filter gave variant pre-glycoprotein as the predominant product of in vitro translation. Poly(A)+ RNA from each of the variants only hydridized to the homologous complementary DNA in filter hybridizations. Each trypanosome variant, therefore, contains no detectable messenger RNAs for the three heterologous variant-specific glycoproteins tested. We conclude from this lack of cross-hybridization that antigenic diversity in trypanosomes, unlike antibody diversity in mammals, does not involve the linkage of a repertoire of genes for the variable N-terminal half to a single gene for the C-terminal half of the VSGs. PMID- 7364221 TI - Disorders of the lower bowel in old age. PMID- 7364222 TI - The essentials of a geriatric evaluation. PMID- 7364223 TI - Gouty arthritis: a disease for all ages. PMID- 7364224 TI - Pinpointing entrapment neuropathies in the elderly. PMID- 7364225 TI - National health insurance and the elderly. PMID- 7364226 TI - [Hygienic aspects of the reuse of after purified sewage in the problem of the sanitary protection of reservoirs]. PMID- 7364227 TI - [Forecasting the sanitary state of a reservoir and its verification (based on the example of the Belaya River)]. PMID- 7364228 TI - [Effect of the organized summer work of older schoolchildren on the state of their health]. PMID- 7364229 TI - [Dynamics of the physiological shifts in the process of the shop training of adolescents]. PMID- 7364230 TI - [Psychophysiological indices of the functional preparedness for instruction of children with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 7364231 TI - [Dynamics of the physical development and physical work capacity of children depending on their functional readiness for instruction in school]. PMID- 7364232 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the instruction of kindergarten children according to the new programs]. PMID- 7364233 TI - [Computation of the control levels of radioactive pollution of the bottom of reservoirs]. PMID- 7364234 TI - [Effectiveness of medical institute teacher improvement on a health and hygiene faculty]. PMID- 7364235 TI - [Experience in using logical structure diagrams in the teaching of hygiene]. PMID- 7364236 TI - [Ways to improve the state examinations on hygiene subjects]. PMID- 7364237 TI - [Biological value of infant food products]. PMID- 7364238 TI - [Evaluation of constitutional types in preschool children]. PMID- 7364239 TI - [Method for dynamic reflexometry of students]. PMID- 7364240 TI - [Baseline scheme for the comprehensive evaluation of the degree and harmoniousness of the physical development of children and adolescents]. PMID- 7364241 TI - [Method of computing the necessary size of a sanitary protection zone for central heating and electric power plants and boiler houses]. PMID- 7364243 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere]. PMID- 7364242 TI - [Accumulation and disposal of bulky domestic wastes in Moscow]. PMID- 7364244 TI - [Method of determining dimethyldioxane and caprolactam in soil]. PMID- 7364245 TI - [Hygienic aspects of the design and operation of high-rise hospitals]. PMID- 7364246 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the purification of animal husbandry effluents on a vertical clarifier]. PMID- 7364247 TI - [Comparative characteristics of domestic household sewage and of the effluents from a commercial swine-raising farm complex]. PMID- 7364248 TI - [Determination of chlorine in solutions and on surfaces using methyl p aminophenol sulfate]. PMID- 7364249 TI - [Effect of the sewage from a cellulose plant on the biological activity of the silt microflora in Lake Baikal]. PMID- 7364251 TI - [Gonadotoxic and embryotoxic action of metallic mercury vapors]. PMID- 7364250 TI - [Pressing problems of hygiene in commercial animal husbandry]. PMID- 7364252 TI - [Data for the experimental establishment of the maximum permissible concentrations of organosulfur compounds in the water of reservoirs]. PMID- 7364253 TI - [Determination of salmonellae in littoral seawater]. PMID- 7364254 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of enterprises of the coke chemical and coal industries]. PMID- 7364255 TI - [Hygienic basis for the maximum permissible concentrations of mono-, di- and triisopropanolamines in the water of reservoirs]. PMID- 7364256 TI - [Standards for copper in the drinking water]. PMID- 7364257 TI - [Reagents for drinking water fluoridation]. PMID- 7364258 TI - [Sanitary bacteriological evaluation of a semifinished bone broth product]. PMID- 7364260 TI - [Fertility following ectopic tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 7364261 TI - [Analysis of 500 cases of cervical conization]. PMID- 7364262 TI - [Acquired rectovaginal fistulae]. PMID- 7364259 TI - [Infusion of angiotensin II and the changes of posture of the arterial pressure as a means of predicting pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 7364263 TI - [Large pelvic tumors. Gynecological aspects]. PMID- 7364264 TI - [Hypogonadism: Klinefelter's syndrome and mosaicism of Klinefelter]. PMID- 7364265 TI - [Vesicovaginal fistula]. PMID- 7364266 TI - [Cancer of the body of the uterus. Therapeutic evaluation and prognosis of 100 cases]. PMID- 7364267 TI - [Pancreatitis and pregnancy]. PMID- 7364268 TI - [Value of the optical density of the amniotic fluid at 650 nanometer as a diagnosis of fetal maturity. Preliminary report]. PMID- 7364269 TI - [Effect of various medicoobstetrical disorders on phospholipids in the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 7364270 TI - [Relation of parity and menstrual bleeding]. PMID- 7364271 TI - [Our tasks in the field of ideological and political educational work]. PMID- 7364272 TI - [Antifibrotic effect of glutamic acid in experimental silicosis and asbestosis]. PMID- 7364273 TI - [Substantiation of a revision of the MPEL of hydrogen fluoride and of the inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid for the air of a work area]. PMID- 7364274 TI - [Determination of the inclination angle of the trunk in assessing the working posture of tire assemblers]. PMID- 7364275 TI - [Dynamics of the state of the cardiovascular system in adolescents during the performance of fine visual work with industrial noise exposure]. PMID- 7364277 TI - [Industrial hygiene problems in the mechanized cultivation of potatoes with the new machines]. PMID- 7364276 TI - [Use of cell cultures in studying the pathogenic action of industrial dusts (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7364278 TI - [Creation and use of aerosol generators in toxicological studies]. PMID- 7364279 TI - [Effect of carbon disulfide on the enzymatic activity in the myocardium of white rats]. PMID- 7364280 TI - [Dependence of the toxicity of some aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons on their electronic structure]. PMID- 7364281 TI - [Decontamination of special clothing from the products of propanide manufacture]. PMID- 7364282 TI - [Method of dusting with a coarsely dispersed aerosol in experiments]. PMID- 7364283 TI - [Method of determining p-nitrotoluene, 2-chloro-4-nitrotoluene and 3-chloro-4 methylaniline in the air]. PMID- 7364284 TI - [Working conditions in colored slate manufacture and the effect of its dust on the body of animals]. PMID- 7364285 TI - [Hygienic importance of the energy, time and information characteristics of nonconstant noises]. PMID- 7364286 TI - [Clinical aspects of toxic dust-caused bronchitis in workers of the electrolysis shops in aluminum plants]. PMID- 7364287 TI - [System of establishing the safety margin coefficient in setting the MPEL of volatile substances in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7364288 TI - [Mutagenic and gonadotropic action of thiuram EF]. PMID- 7364289 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the new rigs for plasma cutting]. PMID- 7364290 TI - [Toxicology of o-phthalic acid esters and their hygienic regulation]. PMID- 7364291 TI - [Experience with the sanitary improvement of the working conditions for workers in contact with mercury in gold-dressing plants]. PMID- 7364292 TI - [Clinical functional study of adrenal and thyroid gland antibodies in occupational lung diseases]. PMID- 7364293 TI - [Electroroentgenography in pneumoconiosis]. PMID- 7364294 TI - [Humoral autoimmune reaction in occupational dust-induced bronchitis]. PMID- 7364295 TI - [Toxicological characteristics of fluorothane]. PMID- 7364296 TI - [Possible unithiol and methionine treatment of chronic molybdenum poisoning in white rats]. PMID- 7364297 TI - [Experimental action of lubricant-coolant fluid aerosols on the body]. PMID- 7364298 TI - [Toxicity, hazard and nature of the harmful action of glycidol on the body]. PMID- 7364300 TI - [Data for establishing the MPEL of gallium arsenide in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7364299 TI - [Experimental substantiation of the MPEL for acetylsalicylic acid dust in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7364301 TI - [Effect of vinyl chloride on rat embryogenesis]. PMID- 7364302 TI - [Determination of iron, copper, chromium and other elements in coal dust by using neutron activation analysis]. PMID- 7364303 TI - [Determination in the air of the thermal oxidation degradation products of mineral oils and lubricant-coolant fluids used in metal working]. PMID- 7364304 TI - [Hygienic standards for benzanthrone in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7364305 TI - [Effect of laser irradiation on the course of the recovery processes in the hematopoietic system of rabbits in benzene poisoning]. PMID- 7364306 TI - [Effect of intrauterine contraceptive device on the development of blastocysts and the level of alpha-amino-nitrogen in the blastocysts' fluid and endometrial secretion in female rabbits]. PMID- 7364308 TI - [Blood serum vitamin E and cholesterol level in pregnant women]. PMID- 7364309 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of constriction ring dystocia]. PMID- 7364307 TI - [Pregnancy and labor after bilateral adrenalectomy in Addison's disease]. PMID- 7364310 TI - [Delivery of Siamese twins with the aid of vacuum extraction]. PMID- 7364311 TI - [The mechanism of tissue destruction by cryogenic surgery and its use in gynecologic diseases]. PMID- 7364312 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of early pregnancy]. PMID- 7364313 TI - Merger of BSG and BSDE. PMID- 7364314 TI - Outlook with conservative treatment of peptic oesophageal stricture. AB - In order to assess the outlook for patients with peptic oesophageal strictures treated by Eder Puestow dilatation at fibreoptic endoscopy, 50 patients were followed up for periods ranging from nine months to four years. Twenty patients (40%) required only a single dilatation, and the remaining 30 (60%) required multiple dilatations. The frequency of dilatation tended to decrease with time. There was one death attributable to the procedure. Two patients developed an adenocarcinoma at the site of the stricture. We conclude that conservative management of peptic oesophageal stricture combining the use of dilatation at fibreoptic endoscopy with medical measures to control gastro-oesophageal reflux offers a relatively safe means of providing symptomatic relief, maintaining nutrition, and allowing the patient an acceptable quality of life. PMID- 7364316 TI - Quantitative ultrastructural analysis of the human parietal cell during acid inhibition and increase of gastric potential difference by glucagon. AB - Glucagon inhibits gastric acid secretion and increases the negativity of gastric mucosal potential difference (PD) in man. To test the hypothesis that the increased negativity of PD after glucagon in man could be due to decreased parietal cell canalicular membrane area, a quantitative ultrastructural analysis was carried out. Four healthy volunteers with normal gastric mucosa were submitted to biopsy before and 20 minutes after intravenous injection of 2 mg glucagon (G). This time corresponded with the maximal change in PD and a decrease in gastric acid secretion. Canalicular and tubulovesicular membrane area of 80 parietal cells (40 cells before glucagon and 40 cells after glucagon) were quantified by the Loud morphometric method. After glucagon, the oxyntic cell canalicular membrane area was reduced by one-fourth (P less than 0.05), while tubulovesicular membrane area showed an increase (P less than 0.05) at the same time. The decrease in the area of parietal cell canalicular membrane caused by glucagon may in part be responsible for increased negativity of the gastric PD caused by this hormone. PMID- 7364315 TI - Cell proliferation in three types of Barrett's epithelium. AB - Barrett's epithelium is a columnar, possibly premalignant, metaplasia of the oesophagus. To study the pattern of epithelial renewal in this disorder, we localised the lower oesophageal sphincter by manometry in 12 patients with known Barrett's epithelium, obtained multiple suction biopsies above the sphincter, and organ cultured the biopsies over 3H-TdR-containing medium to label proliferating cells. Of 23 biopsies from the 12 patients, 13 were specialised columnar type, three were junctional type, and seven were fundic type. None of the patients showed clinical evidence of oesophageal carcinoma, and oesophageal cytological examinations were uniformly negative for neoplastic cells. When compared with control gastric fundic biopsies from normal volunteers, mean values for the labelling index and the proportion of the pit which was occupied by the proliferative zone in Barrett's biopsies were not significantly different. However, four individual Barrett's biopsies (three specialised columnar type and one junctional type) did have a proliferative zone which occupied a greater proportion of the pit than did the widest control zone. We propose that the pattern of epithelial proliferation in Barrett's epithelium in general is similar to that found in other gastrointestinal columnar epithelia. However, a minority of patients with Barrett's epithelium may have an expanded proliferative zone. The clinical implications of an expanded proliferative zone with regard to the subsequent development of oesophageal carcinoma require further investigation. PMID- 7364318 TI - Increased mucosal damage during parasite infection in mice fed an elemental diet. AB - We have examined the effects of parasite infection on the mucosal architecture of mice maintained on an elemental diet (Vivonex). Techniques used were conventional histology, micro-dissection and measurement of individual villi and crypts, and measurement of crypt cell proliferation rate by a metaphase accumulation technique. In normal, non-parasitised mice the elemental diet caused no change in villus height, crypt depth, or crypt cell proliferation. Likewise, the only effects of chronic protozoal infection or Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection on the intestine of mice fed a normal diet have been a slight crypt hypertrophy and an increase in crypt cell proliferation rate without villous atrophy. However, the combination of elemental diet and parasite infection resulted in increased mucosal damage when compared with infected mice on a normal diet. Elemental diet mice infected with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis had significantly reduced villus height and correspondingly raised crypt length and metaphase accumulation rate. Elemental diet mice infected with the protozoan Giardia muris did not have villous atrophy but there was a significant increase in crypt length and metaphase accumulation when compared with infected normal diet mice. These experiments show that in two animal models of enteric infection, elemental diet has altered the host parasite relationship to the detriment of the host. PMID- 7364319 TI - Microvillous surface area in secondary disaccharidase deficiency. AB - Electron microscopy was used to measure microvillous surface area in seven small intestinal biopsies showing secondary disaccharidase deficiency and in five biopsies having normal disaccharidase levels. There were significant reductions in microvillous surface area in the enzyme deficient group, although the microvilli were not severely damaged. Histological abnormality was not always present with disaccharidase deficiency. There was no significant difference in intraepithelial lymphocyte counts between the two groups. PMID- 7364321 TI - Impaired conversion of prednisone to prednisolone in patients with liver cirrhosis. AB - Fourteen patients with liver cirrhosis received oral prednisone or prednisolone (0.3 mg per kg) randomised on two consecutive days. Serum prednisone and prednisolone were measured over the following four hours. Mean serum prednisolone concentration after oral prednisone decreased with impaired liver function estimated by galactose elimination capacity (r = 0.64, P less than 0.03). Mean serum prednisolone concentration after oral prednisone in the seven patients with severely impaired liver function was only 53% (P less than 0.05) of that observed in the seven patients with slightly impaired liver function. Conversely, mean serum prednisone concentration after oral prednisone in the patients with severely impaired liver function was 74% higher (P = 0.05) than in patients with slightly impaired liver function. Mean serum prednisolone after oral prednisolone was independent of liver function. As only prednisolone exerts glucocorticoid activity, our results indicate that prednisolone should be preferred to prednisone in the treatment of patients with impaired liver function. PMID- 7364317 TI - Intraepithelial lymphocytes in the jejunal mucosa of malnourished rats. AB - Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) have been counted in the jejunal mucosa of adult Wistar rats submitted to a protein-free diet for 84 days and of a control group receiving a 20% casein diet, in order to evaluate the effect of protein deprivation. Relative counts (IEL/100 epithelial cells), absolute counts (number of IEL per millimetre of muscularis mucosae), and the proportion of lymphocytes crossing the basement membrane have been evaluated. Both relative and absolute IEL counts were diminished but the proportion of crossing lymphocytes was greatly increased in the malnourished group. The low number of IEL seemed to be related to lymphatic vessel dilatation in the lamina propria. The possibly primary effect of malnutrition on IEL counts in our experimental model and the eventual role of the observed lymphatic dilatation have been discussed. PMID- 7364320 TI - Prednisolone absorption in acute colitis. AB - Peak plasma levels were reduced after an oral dose of 40 mg prednisolone in six patients with severe acute colitis as compared with six normal subjects, though total absorption appeared to be similar; the findings suggest that prednisolone absorption was delayed in acute colitis. A dilutional fall in plasma albumin was observed in normal subjects and in the patients after 40 mg prednisolone by mouth. PMID- 7364323 TI - Replantation and revascularisation surgery in children. AB - Salvage of any amputated, or devascularised, digit or extremity in a child should be seriously considered and carefully planned. Bone shortening should be minimised. Replanted and revascularised digits and extremities do grow and often demonstrate minimal retardation when well revascularised and minimally traumatised. Even in more extensive injuries progressive growth is observed. Replanting of single digits is worth while in children. Vein grafting should be seriously considered when replanting any avulsed digit. The return of excellent sensation and good function in amputated parts in children makes these procedures rewarding and beneficial. PMID- 7364322 TI - Gastric cancer detection in gastric ulcer disease. AB - A retrospective study has been performed of all cases of gastric ulcer diagnosed or investigated within the Endoscopy Unit of the Department of Medicine, Bristol, over a three year period (1974-76). The average length of follow-up was two years. Two hundred and sixty five cases of gastric ulcer were studied of which 37 proved to be malignant (14%). Presenting complaints of anorexia, weight loss, nausea and/or vomiting, and multiple (greater than 3) symptoms, were commoner in the malignant ulcer group. Ulcer site and the presence of coexisting duodenal ulceration were largely unhelpful in deciding the status of an ulcer. Malignant ulcers tended to be large (greater than 1 cm diameter). Radiology was highly unreliable in distinguishing benign from malignant ulcers. Visual inspection at endoscopy was more reliable, but associated with a tendency to over-diagnose malignancy. False positive biopsies were uncommon (two cases). Three cases of clinically unsuspected superficial gastric carcinoma were revealed. Repeated endoscopy and biopsy of all gastric ulcers until they are completely healed is advised. PMID- 7364324 TI - An analysis of complications in digital replantations. AB - Twenty digital replantations were done in the Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong in the year from August 1977 to August 1978. The complications encountered in the post-operative period and later stages are discussed. Some of the measures that might contribute towards the prevention and treatment of these complications are analysed. PMID- 7364325 TI - Experimental studies on cellular mechanisms involved in healing of animal and human flexor tendon in synovial environment. AB - An experimental model is presented to study superficial healing of animal and human flexor tendon in a synovial environment. The results indicate that in a synovial environment a cut and resutured flexor tendon may heal in its superficial parts without adhesion formation. When cell seeding via the synovial fluid is prevented by a dialysing membrane the picture, as revealed by light microscopy, is little changed. When the model is modified so that the central cells of the tendon are exposed to the synovial fluid, these cells become activated. The results indicate that superficial as well as deep cells of the tendon possess a potential for repair if they are adequately nourished, and that cell seeding plays no major role in the process of proliferation and repair. The picture of intrinsic repair potential in a synovial environment seems to be valid also for human flexor tendons. PMID- 7364326 TI - Complete carpal disruption of the hand. AB - A case of radiocarpal and inter-carpal dislocations associated with a fracture dislocation of the ulnar four carpo-metacarpal joints is presented, with a description of treatment and long term follow-up. A review of the literature shows this to be a unique combination of injuries. PMID- 7364327 TI - Stabilising severe phalangeal fractures. AB - A technique is described for treating severe compound injuries of the phalanges either single or multiple, with transverse Kirschner wires bonded with acrylic cement. The operative procedure, post-operative management and advantages of the technique are described. PMID- 7364329 TI - Ulnar nerve paresis--a simple test. PMID- 7364328 TI - Displaced epiphyseal plate of the terminal phalanx in a child. AB - A case of mallet finger in a child is described. The epiphysis of the terminal phalanx was displaced dorsally with the extensor tendon attached to it, and was first diagnosed two weeks after injury. The treatment was by open reduction. Radiograph three years later showed that a satisfactory position of the epiphysis and normal growth of the terminal phalanx had occurred. PMID- 7364330 TI - Anomalous flexor pollicis longus muscle. AB - This paper presents a case in which an anomalous tendon from the flexor pollicis longus to the flexor indicis profundus caused limitation of independent flexion of the thumb. The anomaly was accompanied by chronic tenosynovitis. PMID- 7364331 TI - Post-traumatic instability of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb. AB - Post-traumatic instability of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb has been treated surgically in sixty-six patients. The results in eighty per cent were excellent or good. PMID- 7364332 TI - Ligament augmentation with replacement arthroplasty of the carpo-metacarpal joint. AB - A method of ligament augmentation at the time of Swanson silicone replacement arthroplasty of the trapezium is presented. This has effectively solved the problem of prosthetic dislocation. One of the twenty-six patients had a prosthesis dislocate and this was felt to be due to improper positioning of the thumb post-operatively. A successful closed reduction and subsequent prosthetic stability was achieved. All twenty-six patients had stable and pain free thumbs with good range of motion. PMID- 7364333 TI - Genetic counseling in chronic disease. AB - The counseling of those who are affected directly or indirectly by genetic disorders had traditionally been provided by physicians and geneticists. The author, using the example of hemophilia, argues that this type of counseling should be carried out not exclusively by medical personnel, but by social workers and others trained to deal with the social and psychological implications of such diseases. PMID- 7364334 TI - Discharge planning: an undischarged responsibility? PMID- 7364335 TI - Psychosocial aspects of sickle-cell anemia in adolescents. AB - Until recently emphasis has been placed solely on the physical aspects of sickle cell anemia. However, a study of twenty-one adolescent sickle-cell patients of both sexes revealed severe emotional and social problems. A task-oriented group approach used with some of these patients had positive results, including free flow of communication, motivation and interest in the group, and increased independence. PMID- 7364336 TI - Support for genetic services: a survey. AB - A survey of the readers of Health and Social Work indicates they are actively involved with genetic issues and could become strong advocates for genetic screening and counseling services. The author suggests that innovative approaches to curriculum are needed to enhance social workers' abilities to participate in this growing area of health care. PMID- 7364337 TI - Does specialization bring status? PMID- 7364338 TI - Mastectomy: impact on patients and families. AB - Although the psychosocial implications of breast cancer and related surgery for the patient have received increasing recognition, little attention has been paid in the literature thus far to the impact of breast cancer on patients' families and friends. This article reviews the literature dealing with the "significant others" of patients and considers their personal reactions to the patient's illness, their influence on the patient's well-being, and their need for counseling. PMID- 7364339 TI - Discussion group for posthysterectomy patients. AB - Hysterectomy, the second most common type of major surgery in this country, threatens the emotional and social well-being of many patients. This article not only notes some of the common problems experienced by women who undergo a hysterectomy but also describes an individual and group teaching-counseling program that included a posthysterectomy discussion group. PMID- 7364340 TI - Education and practice: their responsibility to complement each other. AB - Social work educators and practitioners share responsibility for developing effective curricula and defining practice roles. A long-standing gap between education and practice has often inhibited collaroration, but the author identifies existing opportunities for cooperative endeavors and points the way to some new ones. PMID- 7364341 TI - Group work in the prenatal clinic. PMID- 7364342 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of primary amoebic meningo-encephalitis and methods for the detection of limax amoebae in the environment. AB - Laboratory examination methods and processes recommended for the diagnosis of primary amoebic meningo-encephalitis and detection of Naegleria fowleri in the environment are summarized. The most simple methods suitable for diagnostic laboratories in the sphere of medical parasitology have been chosen. PMID- 7364343 TI - Virulent Naegleria fowleri in indoor swimming pool. AB - Naegleria fowleri was isolated from water during a hygienic inspection of a swimming pool in December 1977. This swimming pool was identified as a source of the infectious agent in the years 1962-1965, when a large outbreak of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAME) occurred. First two strains of N. fowleri, pathogenic for white mice after intracerebral and intranasal inoculation, were isolated from water of outlet troughs, additional strains were then isolated from various places; particularly from a cavity in the damaged wall of the pool. The incubation temperature did not inhibit a simultaneous growth of amoebae of the genera Acanthamoeba, Flabellula, Hartmannella and Vahlkampfia in the primocultures. Epidemiological investigations did not reveal any new case of PAME in relation with the occurrence of pathogenic N. fowleri in the swimming pool. PMID- 7364344 TI - A morphological study on hydatids of Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786) from pigs. PMID- 7364345 TI - Localization of some enzymes in polycephalic larva of Hydatigera krepkogorski (Schultz et Landa, 1934). AB - High activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase was demonstrated by histochemical methods in the tegument of scolex of a polycephalic larva of Hydatigera krepkogorski (Schulz et Landa, 1934). The nerve cells and fibres of scolex and bladder exhibited a high activity of alkaline phosphatase and non-specific esterase. Both enzymes were present also in sensory endings. In the bladder, the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase and non specific esterase was localized in the tegument and subtegumental cells. High activity of alkaline phosphatase in the tegument of scolex and bladder indicates a high transport of substances in these parts of larva. In the scolex, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was higher than the activity of acid phosphatase, whereas in the bladder tegument and subtegumental cells, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was lower than that of acid phosphatase. PMID- 7364346 TI - Unsaponifiable lipids of Cotugnia digonopora and Raillietina fuhrmanni (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea). AB - Unsaponifiable substance in Cotugnia digonopora and Raillietina Fuhrmanni (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) was 6.3% and 7.5% respectively of the total lipid content. On characterization of the unsaponifiable fraction, cholesterol was found to be 90% and 93% respectively in the two cestodes. A search for friedelin was negative. PMID- 7364347 TI - Trichinella nelsoni Britov et Boev, 1972 in Czechoslovakia. PMID- 7364348 TI - A comparison of developmental dynamics of Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabr.) of different geographic origins and their affection by different microclimate. AB - Developmental dynamics of D. reticulatus ticks of different geographic origins (NE Poland and SW Slovakia) were investigated and compared. A long-term field experiment was conducted in South Moravia in the zone of thermophilic oak forest. Ticks were studied in two different biotopes: in an open grassy area and in deciduous forest. Differences between the tick populations collected in Poland and Slovakia were observed in the duration of developmental cycle and in the outcome of metamorphosis, depending on biotope. The tick development in the open grassy area was more rapid, but with greater losses. The total production of adults was higher in the population originating from Slovakia. PMID- 7364349 TI - Experimental infection of hedgehog, hamsters, rabbits and ferrets with the virus Lednice. PMID- 7364351 TI - To the systematic position of the species Acaropsella schmidtmanni Prince, 1972. PMID- 7364350 TI - Development of the tick Ixodes laguri Ol. in the nests of the European suslik Citellus citellus (L.). AB - In field and laboratory conditions new data were obtained concerning the life cycle of the nidicolous tick Ixodes laguri. The development of this tick was studied in experimental nests of the European suslik and a two-year cycle of I. laguri was demonstrated. However, the materials obtained indicate that a longer cycle may be anticipated. PMID- 7364352 TI - Notoedres ovatus sp. n. and N. tadaridae Fain (Sarcoptidae) parasitizing bats of the genus Tadarida in Toro Game Reserve, Uganda. AB - Descriptions are given of a female and a larva of Notoedres ovatus sp. n. from Tadarida (M.) condylura (A. Smith) collected in the Toro Game Reserve in Western Uganda. A record of Notoedres tadaridae Fain, 1959 from the same host and from Tadarida (Ch.) pumila (Cretzschmar) in the same locality is also reported. PMID- 7364353 TI - [Prostaglandin content in prostatic adenomas after treatment with a sterol]. PMID- 7364354 TI - [Pharmacokinetic problems in surgery]. AB - The article deals with the shortcomings of pharmacokinetic models in predicting tissue-concentrations of drugs. Several examples are shown from our group that cooperation of surgeons and pharmacokinetic researchers is necessary to overcome these shortcomings. PMID- 7364355 TI - [Passive immunization against hepatitis B: state of development, comments and recommendations for clinical use]. AB - A review is given on recent developments in preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of hepatitis type B. The results of various clinical studies applying normal and special immunoglobulins are discussed. Recommendations are made especially for the clinical use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin in postexposure prophylaxis. PMID- 7364356 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of echinococcosis]. PMID- 7364357 TI - [Anemias 3. Differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7364358 TI - [Early results after surgical treatment of acquired heart valve defects (conclusion)]. PMID- 7364359 TI - [Non-suppressible insulin-like serum activity (NSILA). Physiological importance and survey of the current state of research]. PMID- 7364361 TI - [Institutions for marriage counseling]. PMID- 7364360 TI - [Endometriosis of the rectum and the sigmoid]. PMID- 7364362 TI - [Testing the effects of so-called geriatric agents]. AB - The high average life expectation in the civilized and industrial countries can be attributed to a considerable extent to the achievements of the medical sciences. However, medical research also has the task of providing the physiological basis which will ensure that the extra years do not mean just an extension of the period of senility but instead form a period valuable for the individual and society. In accordance with the common definitions, one expects a "geriatric agent" (geriatricum) to slow down the aging process or to diminish its effects. Such influences are usually referred to as revitalization. However, a rejuvenation in the sense of a genuine reversal of the aging process is- according to our present knowledge--not possible. An objective assessment of revitalising effects can be reached by means of multivariate models of biological age, orientated on the aging process of a "normal population". However, research on human beings causes methodical difficulties and considerable expense because of the necessity for long-term studies and the importance of assessing psycho social factors. Thus, it is necessary to test the effectiveness of "geriatric agents" primarily in the animal experiment. The laboratory rat seems well-suited for such studies. Using a multivariate model of the biological age of the rat, research into experimental influences on the aging process is demonstrated. The statistical testing and the analysis of the effects are carried out by means of discrimination analysis and factor analysis. With regard to the "geriatric agents" at present in use and the aims of experimental gerontology, it is established that such research has not yet been carried out to a satisfactory extent. PMID- 7364363 TI - [Anemias 4. Differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7364365 TI - [Effect of various phytotherapeutic expectorants on mucociliary transport]. AB - The normal transport velocity of the isolated ciliated epithelium of the frog oesophagus was proved to be 228 +/- 15 micron . s-1. Bromhexin increased this transport rate 1.34 fold and KNEIPP-Hustentee 1.38 fold. The components of the cough tea had different effects on the mucociliar activity. The following ingredients increased the transport rate with falling rank order: Folia farfarae (coltsfoot), fructus foeniculi (fennel), and fructus anisi (anise). Herba plantaginis (plantain), flores verbasci (torch weed), and radix liquiritiae (liquorice) were ineffective whereas semen foenigraeci (foenugrec), radix althaeae (marsh mallow), and herba thymi (mother of thyme) had an inhibiting effect in raising rank order. The latter two groups of ingredients are constituents of the tea because of their attributed additional effects, e.g. protective effects due to mucous layers in the hypopharynx and spasmolytic, secretolytic and bactericide effects. PMID- 7364366 TI - [The European pharmacopeia]. PMID- 7364364 TI - [Juvenile iron deficiency]. PMID- 7364367 TI - [Marriage counseling--possibilities and limits]. PMID- 7364368 TI - [Anemias 5. Therapy]. PMID- 7364369 TI - [Psychoanalytic viewpoints on adolescent sexuality]. AB - With the beginning of puberty the youth is challenged to transform this primarily biological development into a psychological experience and to integrate it into his personality. Depending on the quality of development of personality up to then and on the arrangement with environment this process will be experienced as a crisis, through which the youth at last will find a new positive identity or it ends in a permanent identity-crisis and manifestation of a neurosis. The doctor's sympathetic, understanding attitude is more effective for managing a critical development of puberty than a classical psychoanalytic treatment. PMID- 7364370 TI - [Geriatric gynecology]. PMID- 7364371 TI - [Preoperative problems in the elderly woman. Risk groups, urgency of operation, preoperative diagnosis in general practice and in the hospital]. AB - The risk of intraoperative complications has been considerably reduced through the introduction of new operation- and anaesthetic techniques. Further reduction of intraoperative complications can be achieved only through careful and complete preoperative preparation of the patient which can be done by the patient's personal physician on an outpatient basis. With age the frequency of organ dysfunction increases. Among these disorders cardiovascular and respiratory deficiencies represent the greatest risk for the patient. From the point of view of the anaesthesiologist there exist no differentiation as "small" and "major" anaesthesia. Therefore differences in the preoperative preparation of the patient can only be made regarding the urgency of the operation. In deciding whether a high-risk patient should be operated on or not, the risk of non-surgical treatment has to be taken into consideration. If, however, the operation becomes absolutely necessary, with sufficient preoperative preparation and good anaesthetic management the intraoperative risk in elderly women can be kept to a minimum. PMID- 7364372 TI - [Gynecologic operations in women over 60. Intraoperative and postoperative complications]. PMID- 7364373 TI - [Therapy of poisoning--antidotes 6: The antidote dexamethasone spray, polyethyleneglycol 400]. PMID- 7364374 TI - [Surgical treatment of anastomosis ulcers. 1. Short-term results]. AB - Records of 151 patients from the years 1964--1979 with anastomotic ulcers including relapses of ulcers after vagotomy reveal a total lethality of 3.3 per cent after reoperation. Re-gastrectomy with or without additional vagotomy shows a lethality of 5.7 per cent. If vagotomy alone is carried out there were no lethality and nearly no serious complications. Gastrectomy because of recurrent peptic ulcer after primary vagotomy has also no lethality. With regard to less serious postoperative complications including lethality after vagotomy instead of re-gastrectomy we should favour vagotomy for re-operation. Our further examinations will show whether this attitude is justified by long-term results after re-operation of the stomach in consequence of recurrent pepti ulcer. PMID- 7364375 TI - [Peritonitis after perforation of the gallbladder]. AB - The high risk of peritonitis following a perforation of the gall bladder is discussed in a short review of the literature. In 15 years 9084 operations of the bile ducts were performed at Nord-West-Hospital, Franfurt/M., among these were 36 cases of free gall bladder perforation. Our experiences with abdominal drainage only, without perfusion of the abdomen following cholecystectomy and revision of the bile ducts with simultaneous systemic appliance of antibiotics are reported. PMID- 7364376 TI - [Late results after reconstruction of iatrogenic bile duct injuries]. AB - Between 1964 and 1978 9084 patients had been operated because of benign diseases of the gall bladder and the gall tract, out of these 64 because of iatrogenic lesion in primary surgery. As a criterion for our long-term results 48 patients were reviewed by a written questionnaire and 41 responded to it. Out of these 5 complained about persisting symptoms, which in 3 cases could be traced back to biliary cirrhosis and in one case to a thrombosis of the vena portae. Ine on case no pathological changings could be found. A good long-term result was seen in 36 of all operations because of iatrogenic gall tract lesion. PMID- 7364377 TI - [Results of treatment with the anti-depressive agent lofepramine in neurological practice]. AB - The effectiveness and tolerance of Lofepramine was investigated in a neurological practice on 100 patients with predominantly slight and moderately severe depressive states. The treatment could be carried out according to the trial plan on 78 patients and the success of the therapy could be evaluated. 67 patients showed definite improvement (85.9%) and tolerance was good to very good in 96.2% of the cases. Although a tranquilizaer was also administered to 62 patients, the success of therapy was definitely accounted for by the antidepressant. This applies particularly to the symptoms of fear, tiredness and impairment of work capacity as well as "depressive mood", hypochondria, somatization and states of agitation. No serious side effects were observed in any patient. Insufficient success in therapy was observed most often when the minimal dose of 35 mg per day was administered, while convincing results were obtained by a dosage of 70 to 140 mg of Lofepramine daily. A large number of patients who were initially treated with higher doses of Lofepramine profited from a subsequent long-term therapy lasting several months during which 17.5 to 35 mg of Lofepramine were administered daily. PMID- 7364378 TI - [ICD/9--a new classification of disease]. PMID- 7364379 TI - [General surgical gynecological problems in childhood and adolescence including legel evaluation]. AB - This publication deals with the general operative gynaecological problems in childhood and adolescence inclusive the legal evaluation. The problem of giving consent to the curative intervention and giving particulars about minors as well as the preoperative instruction are referred to, taking consideration the German Constitutional Law and the Civil Code as well as the "Strafgesetzbuch". The surgical problems are specially treated in view of typical inflammations, faulty developments, tumors and injuries. PMID- 7364380 TI - [The organ-preserving clitoris surgery in infancy]. PMID- 7364381 TI - [Operative pediatric gynecology. Pediatric surgical aspects in congenital and acquired changes in the female genitals]. AB - Surgical problems of congenital malformations of the female genital tract, especially in combination with anorectal or urological anomalies, the correction of clitoral hypertrophy due to endocrinological disorders (AGS) and inflammatory and tumorous alterations of the ovary in childhood are discussed. PMID- 7364382 TI - [Therapy in poisonings--antidote 7: The antidotes physostigmine salicylate, toluidin blue]. PMID- 7364383 TI - [Infantile portal hypertension. Experimental studies on the hemodynamics of various shunt models and clinical study of prehepatic infantile portal hypertension]. AB - The experiments are based on an analysis of the literature on more than 2000 cases of portal hypertension in childhood. The purpose of the experimental model was to test and compare the hemodynamic effects of shunt operations performed in the clinic. In 24 dogs (29 +/- 5,7 kg) general and intestinal hemodynamics were measured during acute prehepatic portal hypertension before and after mesentericocaval, splenorenal, and splenocaval shunt. From the hemodynamic point of view the splenocaval shunt is superior because of its complete venous decompression of the region of spleen and cardia and greater blood flow to the liver. Furthermore shunt flow, and consequently volume load imposed on the general circulation, are significantly smaller in splenocaval shunt. PMID- 7364384 TI - [The CO2-laser in neurosurgery]. AB - Since July 1976 the CO2-laser has been used routinely in the University Clinic of Neurosurgery in Graz. Eighty operations of various kinds have been performed. From our clinical and experimental experience advantages and limitations are shown and discussed. Further development work of the instrument which may even widen its therapeutical possibilities, are demonstrated as well. PMID- 7364386 TI - Public hospital system institutes loss-control program. PMID- 7364387 TI - The little hospital that could. AB - Successful cardiac rehabilitation program in small hospital shows that small thinking, not small size, keeps many more hospitals from providing this useful community service. PMID- 7364385 TI - Effect of a long-acting fluorinated androgen on implantation in 'delayed' mice. AB - The effect of fluoxymesterone (FMA), a fluorinated androgen, on ovum implantation has been studied using ovariectomized, progesterone-treated pregnant ('delayed') mice. 500 micrograms FMA, given either continuously from day 4 to 9 or singly on day 8, was able to induce implantation but at the same time caused total resorption of implanted embryos in the case of prolonged treatment with the drug. This anti-estrogenic activity of FMA could be reversed by supplementation of 0.25 micrograms estradiol-17 beta given on day 8. Testosterone also induced implantations in 'delayed' mice. FMA and testosterone given to long-term ovariectomized, progesterone-primed mice showed characteristic changes in uterine epithelial cell morphology similar to the attachment found in normal pregnancy. The possible mechanism of action of FMA in early pregnancy will be discussed. PMID- 7364389 TI - Panel retains funds for nurses in manpower bill. PMID- 7364388 TI - Urban hospital reaches out to its area's aged. AB - In the medically underserved Bronx, NY, a hospital's gerontology center provides screening, health education, and outpatient services to elderly residents in the community. PMID- 7364390 TI - Unusual clinic and coffee shop take odd space. PMID- 7364391 TI - Major issues in aging focus of national activities. PMID- 7364392 TI - Increases in health care costs still below the general economy. PMID- 7364393 TI - Health care for the aged: a sense of urgency is growing. PMID- 7364394 TI - The graying of America. AB - The proportion of the U.S. population over 65 is growing and getting older, and the trend is expected to heighten in the early years of the 21st century. PMID- 7364395 TI - Demographics can help guide health policy. AB - The changing demographics of our over-65 population help us to see what changes in our national health care policy will best improve the desperate situation of the elderly. PMID- 7364396 TI - A strategy for keeping longer life productive. AB - Idleness from forced retirement contributes to mental and physical decline of older people and to socioeconomic costs/Tapping their abilities in volunteer or paid work is advocated. PMID- 7364397 TI - What old people want: more work, less talk. AB - Older people need money, and for those who are willing, the best way to get it may be to work/Hospitals could take the lead in a movement to help older people find jobs. PMID- 7364399 TI - Board takes action in quality assurance role. AB - A standing committee of the board at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, reviews nonclinical, nonmedical, departmental documents to identify problems regarding quality of care. PMID- 7364398 TI - Boards are remodeled as hospitals merge. AB - Changes in traditional ownership and governance structures have accompanied the development of various multi-institutional arrangements. PMID- 7364400 TI - Rural hospitals obtain services in 'cooperative'. AB - Through cooperative arrangement, 13 rural hospitals secure services and resources from the University of Minnesota while retaining their institutional autonomy. PMID- 7364401 TI - Hospital week celebration is potent P.R. tool. AB - A hospital uses National Hospital Week events to reach out both to the public and to its employees. PMID- 7364402 TI - Direct patient settlements best for all parties. AB - A program for county health care facilities reduced malpractice losses by using incident reports, immediate investigations, innovative settlements, and data feedback. PMID- 7364403 TI - Benefits booklet gets 'fair' start. AB - To make its employees better aware of the value of benefits provided them, a hospital conducted a fair to introduce and explain a new booklet on employee benefits. PMID- 7364404 TI - "Graying of America" and rising inflation seen by consultant to cloud 1980s health care picture. PMID- 7364405 TI - HEW to become Health and Human Services agency. PMID- 7364406 TI - Changing health care system is debated by health leaders. PMID- 7364407 TI - Health care stocks trail only gold. PMID- 7364408 TI - State sues to stop purchase of two area hospitals. PMID- 7364409 TI - Community and industry ready for health promotion. PMID- 7364410 TI - Defamation in the health care field: freedom of press may prevail. PMID- 7364411 TI - Hospital indicators: growth rate stays steady in January. PMID- 7364412 TI - The nurse shortage: there's a long road ahead. PMID- 7364414 TI - Where have all the nurses gone--and why? AB - Although the nurse supply is at record number; hospitals everywhere are having trouble filling vacant positions. Is the current shortage one of numbers, or is it the result of nurses being unwilling to work under present conditions? PMID- 7364413 TI - Nursing shortage: coping today and planning for tomorrow. AB - The nurse shortage problem is highly complex and demands a wide array of interdisciplinary talents and resources to work toward solution. Concerned parties need to develop short-term strategies for coping now and long-term planning strategies for the future. PMID- 7364416 TI - Attitude survey proves to be a powerful tool for reversing turnover. AB - New courses of action were charted to address nursing issues and work problems that were defined by staff nurses themselves. Critical to the success of the project was staff participation. PMID- 7364415 TI - Creative nursing administration sets climate for retention. AB - The nursing service administrator can play a key role in lengthening the tenure of nurses in her facility by shaping a work experience in which professional growth is enhanced and innovation in problem solving is encouraged. PMID- 7364417 TI - Public hospitals: is 'relevance' in the eye of the beholder? AB - The debate over the appropriateness of government ownership of hospitals is an old one, but in this era of tight finances, it is important that the question be placed in an objective context. PMID- 7364418 TI - How hospital marketing and planning relate. AB - Institutional planning and marketing relate in highly complex but complementary ways. Both are oriented to change, and together they can improve a hospital's performance. PMID- 7364419 TI - The estimation of inbreeding from isonymy. PMID- 7364420 TI - Urinary hydroxyproline and body dimensions of adolescent girls before and after menarche. PMID- 7364421 TI - Celibacy, emigration, and genetic structure in small populations. PMID- 7364422 TI - Bone measurements of the second metacarpal and grip strength. PMID- 7364423 TI - Birth characteristics of Blacks with sickle cell trait: a case-control study. PMID- 7364424 TI - A rapid and simplified plethysmometric method for measuring body volume. PMID- 7364425 TI - Obesity, stature, and one year relative weight of 15-year old youths. PMID- 7364426 TI - Contracture responses and energy stores in quadriceps muscle from humans age 7-82 years. PMID- 7364427 TI - Hemoglobin variants in western Kenya. PMID- 7364428 TI - Population variation of Carabelli's trait. PMID- 7364430 TI - The dimensions of age-specific mortality. PMID- 7364429 TI - Prevalence tuberculosis in Eskimos having blood group B gene. PMID- 7364431 TI - Piaget's Achilles' heel: a safe soft spot? PMID- 7364432 TI - Beyond formal operations: uses and limits of pure logic in life-span development. PMID- 7364433 TI - Blood policy and strategy: the American Blood Commission and the nation's blood resource. PMID- 7364434 TI - Relapsing polychondritis. Immunomicroscopic findings in cartilage of ear biopsy specimens. AB - Two cases of relapsing polychondritis are reported. Direct immunofluorescence examination of ear biopsy specimens in both patients showed the presence of granular deposits of immunoglobulins and the C3 component of complement at the chondrofibrous junction. These findings suggest that immunomicroscopic examination of ear cartilage could be diagnostically useful in this disease. PMID- 7364435 TI - Structural changes following hypothermic preservation of human cadaveric kidneys. AB - Three kidneys preserved as though for transplantation became available for study. The clinical details relating to the donors and methods of preservation by simple hypothermia and pulsatile perfusion are presented. Light microscopic and ultrastructural features observed following perfusion fixation of the kidneys are described. All three kidneys showed some reversible ischemic cell damage, but only one showed evidence of ischemic cell damage that was considered to be irreversible. The latter was seen focally in the pars recta of the proximal convoluted tubules and in the ascending thick limb of the loop of Henle. The irreversible changes were present in the kidney that had undergone the longest period of simple hypothermic storage prior to transfer to pulsatile perfusion preservation. The similarity of the findings to those seen in vivo in the rat after one hour of total renal ischemia, followed by 24 hours' reflow, is discussed; a hypothesis is suggested to explain the site of the irreversible injury seen in the kidneys under study. PMID- 7364436 TI - Acetaminophen associated hepatic injury, Report of two cases showing unusual portal tract reactions. AB - Two patients experienced acute transient hepatic and renal failure following ingestion of substantial but less than the usually toxic doses of acetaminophen, in both cases associated with heavy acute alcohol intake. One patient developed transient clinical features of chronic active liver disease one month later. Liver biopsy specimens from both patients taken after the acute episodes revealed, in addition to the well recognized centrilobular hepatic injury of acetaminophen, unusual portal tract lesions, which resembled chronic active hepatitis in one case. In some patients therapeutic doses of acetaminophen, if taken together with alcohol, may produce acute and chronic liver disease. PMID- 7364437 TI - Coagulation training for pathology residents: a patient care experience. PMID- 7364438 TI - Desmoid tumors. An ultrastructural study of eight cases. AB - A prominent ultrastructural finding in eight desmoid tumors was myofibroblastic mesenchymal cells with abundant intercellular collagen. In addition, seven of the tumors had intracytoplasmic collagen fibers. These findings are discussed in relation to other tumors and to nontumorous conditions. PMID- 7364439 TI - Granulomatous hepatitis in Q fever. AB - Liver lesions in 17 patients with serologically diagnosed Q fever are described. A distinctive granulomatous pattern, with granuloma formation plus a fibrinoid ring, was observed in 14 cases. In two cases the fibrinoid material consisted of fibrillar eosinophilic structures without an annular arrangement, interspersed among epithelioid cells. In only one case was a nonspecific granuloma (devoid of fibrinoid material) noted. We conclude that the association of a granuloma with fibrinoid material is highly indicative of Q fever, but serial sections are often necessary to demonstrate this pattern. PMID- 7364440 TI - The application of scanning electron microscopy in the investigation of acute rheumatic valvulitis. AB - Four surgically resected cardiac valves received from three female patients showed the presence of acute and chronic rheumatic valvulitis. The material was studied by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. This is the first time that there has been an investigation of the ultrastructure in acute rheumatic valvulitis. PMID- 7364441 TI - Malignant adenolymphoma. AB - Adenolymphoma (Warthin's tumor) is a well studied benign tumor of the salivary gland. Malignant transformation of such a tumor is rare and not well documented in the literature. The light microscopic and ultrastructural features of an undifferentiated carcinoma arising in an adenolymphoma in the parotid gland of a middle aged male are described, and the relevant literature is reviewed. Similarities between the benign adenolymphoma and the undifferentiated malignant tumor, such as the presence of interstitial lymphoplasmacytic cell infiltrates, dark and light epithelial cells, similar cytoplasmic organelles, and nuclear morphology, suggest a malignant transformation of a previously existing benign adenolymphoma. PMID- 7364442 TI - Dysplastic acinar cell foci in human pancreas. PMID- 7364443 TI - Headlight glare resistance and driver age. PMID- 7364445 TI - A vector model analysis of individual differences in sensory measurement of surface roughness. PMID- 7364444 TI - Parametric assumptions of some "nonparametric" measures of sensory efficiency. PMID- 7364446 TI - Determination of counting time in visual inspection. PMID- 7364447 TI - Promoting increased use of ear protectors in noise through information feedback. PMID- 7364448 TI - Transfer of landing skill after training with supplementary visual cues. PMID- 7364449 TI - Searching for traffic signals while engaged in compensatory tracking. PMID- 7364450 TI - Microforks for transferring small organisms, organs, or tissues into culture. AB - Techniques have been developed for making microforks from the eye ends of sewing needles. Details are presented for constructing, sterilizing and manipulating these durable, simply designed transfer tools. PMID- 7364451 TI - Rat lens epithelial cells in vitro. I. Observations on aging, differentiation and culture alterations. AB - Lens epithelial cells from rats aged 5 days were grown in long-term cultures. These cells age, differentiate and transform spontaneously. Morphological observations indicate five different stages (A-E). The epithelial character is lost after the first two passages. Elongated cells appearing afterwards are considered as cells that have started differentiation to fiberlike cells. Big flattened cells are considered as senescent cells that have lost theie proliferative capacity. Data from population kinetics also reflect these five stages. Chromosome analysis shows that three of the five stages are no longer diploid. Two alternative modes of spontaneous transformation are possible. The proliferative capacity of rat lens epithelial cells is higher than that of rat embryonic fibroblast systems. PMID- 7364452 TI - A tissue model for the study of cell proliferation in vitro. AB - A procedure for the cultivation of mesentery is described, in which the culture is fully representative of the tissue of origin. The intact mesenteric membrane - exposed to a minimum of trauma -- was spread out over a hole in a filter paper strip in fluid medium and was cultivated free-hanging. Specimens from rats and guinea pigs were used. The organ culture model appears especially apt for cytochemical and proliferation studies. Proliferation variables based on Feulgen DNA analysis in individual, morphologically defined cells and on mitotic counting and radiochemical analysis were estimated. The tissue was fully viable in chemically defined growth medium and showed an almost unaltered light microscopical appearance after up to 52 hr in culture. PMID- 7364453 TI - Plant tumor reversal associated with the loss of foreign DNA. AB - Transformation of plant tissues into crown gall tumors has been associated with the transfer of a portion of a tumor-inducing plasmid (Ti-plasmid) into plant DNA. Various laboratories have regenerated normal-appearing plants from a number of crown gall tumors. This study investigates the fate of the foreign DNA in a series of tissues derived from various parts of a plant regenerated from the tumor BT-37 by Braum and his coworkers. It was found that all the foreign DNA sequences were lost from tissues that had lost all their tumorous traits; whereas the plasmid DNA sequences were still present in tissues that appeared normal but still exhibited tumorous traits when returned to tissue culture media. From these studies it would appear that the presence of the Ti-plasmid sequences in the plant DNA is required for the maintenance of the transformed state. PMID- 7364454 TI - Reduction of cell injury in hypoxic cultures of rat myocardial cells by methylprednisolone. AB - An in vitro model to study myocardial cell injury was developed with primary monolayer cultures of rat myocardial cells. Two important conditions associated with myocardial ischemia were simulated by depriving the cultures of oxygen and glucose for a specified period of time. Cellular injury caused by hypoxia and glucose deprivation resulted in significant leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from the cells into the culture medium. The cells were not lethally injured by treatments as reflected by a lack of change in cell viability and protein content when compared to controls. Pretreatment of cultures with methylprednisolone for 24 hr provided protection to the cells when challenged by hypoxia and glucose deprivation. Methylprednisolone exhibited a dose-response effect in reducing LDH leakage in cultures, which were subsequently deprived of oxygen and glucose for 4 hr. Similar pretreatment with hydrocortisone had no effect in limiting cellular injury in hypoxic and glucose-deprived cultures. PMID- 7364456 TI - A murine model for analysis of spontaneous induction and feedback regulation of specific antibody synthesis. PMID- 7364455 TI - Effect of heterologous antibody on human platelet prostaglandin synthesis. AB - Rabbit anti-human platelet antiserum (RPA) has been shown to mediate human platelet aggregation and 14C-serotonin release. This effect is not inhibited by aspirin. However, it is not known whether antibody induces platelet prostaglandin synthesis. We, therefore, investigated the effect of RPA on human platelets by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) production as a reflection of prostaglandin synthesis and comparing it with 14C-serotonin release. Independently, ATP release was also measured as a further measure of platelet secretion. Normal rabbit serum did produce a small amount of MDA (0.54 +/- 0.09 SEM nmole/10(9) platelets). However, RPA produced a much larger amount of MDA (1.43 +/- 0.18 nmole/10(9) platelets) and pre-incubation with aspirin significantly decreased MDA production (0.16 +/- 0.07 nmole/10(9) platelets) (p less than .001). Aspirin did not significantly impair the capacity of RPA to release 14C-serotonin or ATP. These results demonstrate that prostaglandin synthesis occurs when heterologous antibody is added to human platelets. However, prostaglandin formation must be a secondary event in this process since the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by aspirin had little effect on the ability of RPA to induce 14C-serotonin release or ATP release. PMID- 7364457 TI - A study of physical work capacity of sea level residents on prolonged stay at high altitude and comparison with high altitude native residents. PMID- 7364458 TI - Effect of indomethacin (a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor) on the permeability of blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers in rat. AB - Effect of indomethacin on the permeability of blood-brain and blood-csf barriers to Evans blue, bromophenol blue and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was studied by administering the drug through right internal carotid artery, right external jugular vein and through intraperitoneal route in rats. Increased permeability was observed on internal carotid arterial injection but not following jugular vein or intraperitoneal injection. This increased permeability of blood-brain and blood-csf barriers following injection of indomethacin into the internal carotid artery is associated with a steep and sustained rise in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), a feature not observed in bilateral adrenalectromised animals. PMID- 7364459 TI - Evidence for both H and H2-histamine receptors in rabbit atria. AB - Spontaneously beating isolated atria of rabbits responded to histamine (0.5-16 micrograms/ml) with positive chrono- and inotropism. However, the inotropic response was greater than chronotropic one. The concentration-response curve of histamine for chronotropic effect was markedly shifted to the right in the presence of 0.5 micrograms/ml metiamide (H2-receptor antagonist), which per se augmented the control contractile amplitude in all the experiments. The rightward shift of chronotropic concentration response curve with mepyramine (H1 antagonist) was, however, moderate. On the contrary, the inotropic concentration response curve of histamine was shifted to much greater extent to right with mepyramine (0.62 micrograms/ml) than with metiamide, thus suggesting a greater share of H1 than H2-receptors in the mediation of positive inotropic effect of histamine. The chronotropic effect appears to be mediated predominently by H2 receptors. Unlike metiamide, mepyramine did not alter the spontaneous frequency or amplitude of contraction. The present study, thus lends support for dual histamine receptors in rabbit atria. PMID- 7364460 TI - Effect of chronic local administration of norethisterone enanthate on the testes of adult rat. AB - Silastic implants containing crystalline Norethisterone Enanthate (NE) inserted into the epididymal fat-pads unilaterally were found to bring about a drastic reduction (P smaller than 0.01) in the size and weight of the testis six weeks after implant insertion on the side bearing the progestin implant. The ipsilateral (treated side) testis, caput and cauda epididymis and the vas deferens showed either a complete absence of spermatozoa or occasional few immotile and decapitated sperms. In contrast, the smears obtained from the contralateral testis and the corresponding epididymal segments and the vas showed a population of entirely normal and motile spermatozoa. There was apparently no effect on the epididymis as the ipsilateral epididymis was almost similar (weight wise) to that of the contralateral side. The results suggested an apparently local effect of NE implants inserted into the epididymal fat pads. The feasibility of the approach for long-term fertility regulation in males is discussed. PMID- 7364461 TI - Rose bengal clearance during hepatic regeneration in rats. AB - Intravenous I131 Rose bengal clearance was conducted in partially hepatectomized rats with a dose of 1 muCi/100 gm body weight. Blood samples were taken at regular intervals up to 25 minutes which were suitable diluted to count the remaining radioactivity. From these values t1/2 and the clearance constants were worked out upto a period of 120 hr after partial hepatectomy. An analysis of the results show that there is a linear correlation between the rose bengal clearance and the regenerating hepatic mass which may be used for quantitative assessment of functional hepatic mass. PMID- 7364462 TI - Myocardial depressant fraction in the venom of Dendroaspis angusticeps. AB - Whole venom Dendroaspis angusticeps produced a negative chronotropic and ionotropic effect on the heart. Isolation of the fraction (T39) produced the same effect. Negative inotropic effect was blocked by atropine. The bradycardia may be due to a cholinergic effect and the negative ionotropic to a direct depressant effect on the myocardium. PMID- 7364463 TI - The influence of muscle use on conduction velocity of motor nerve fibres. AB - The conduction velocity of the motor nerve fibres of the peroneal and posterior tibial nerves was estimated in 38 rickshaw pullers and 25 human volunteers serving as controls. The mean values for motor conduction velocity were greater in the case of rickshaw pullers as compared to control subjects. However, the difference was statistically significant (P smaller than 0.05) for the peroneal nerve only. It is concluded that muscle hypertrophy produced by hyperactivity has an influence on nerves supplying the muscles. PMID- 7364464 TI - Effect of glucagon on the perfused rat hind-quarter vessles and on perfused coronary arteries of rabbit. AB - In rat hind-quarter perfusion experiments, glucagon (1 microgram) produced a significant vasodilation. On the other hand, in experiments with isolated perfused rabbit heart, glucagon (1 microgram) caused coronary vasoconstriction irrespective of whether noradrenaline was added to perfusion fluid or not. Glucagon had no effect on rate or force of contraction of heart. PMID- 7364465 TI - Psychoactive drugs on brain acetylcholine (Ach) levels in rats. PMID- 7364467 TI - Fatigue fracture of bone plates. AB - Of all the possible causes of bone plate failure, by far the most common is failure by fatigue. The effect of the environment and loading regime on the fatigue life is discussed. The use of the corrosion potential for the evaluation of fatigue experiments and the detection of fatigue cracks in explanted plates is described. The authors demonstrate that the surface finish and the possibility of a loss in fatigue strength after plate remodelling are factors that should not be ignored when testing bone plates. PMID- 7364466 TI - Lipids in accessory sex glands of immature, mature and castrated male rats. AB - The distribution of lipids in accessory sex glands of male rats (immature, adult and castrated) has been analysed. The total lipids and phospholipids in adult rats were maximum in caput epididymis and minimal in prostate. An intermediary picture existed in the cauda epididymis and seminal vesicle. In general, phosphatidyl choline and ethanolamine were the major phospholipids in the tissues. Castration depleted the phospholipids in all the tissues. Glycerides were found to accumulate in caput and cauda epididymis, but were depleted in seminal vesicle and prostate in castrated rats. In immature rats, the total lipids were more than that of adults in caput and cauda epididymis but were less in seminal vesicle and prostate. It is suggested that these discrepancies may be due to the differences in the endogenous titres of hormones, and/or associated with structural and functional specificity of the tissues. PMID- 7364468 TI - Disruption of the acromioclavicular joint: surgical anatomy and biological reconstruction. AB - The pathological anatomy of acromioclavicular joint disruption is discussed in the light of operative findings. A method of repairing the dislocated joint is described using the coraco-acromial ligament and temporary internal fixation. It has been found to be useful in those patients who present late with pain and symptoms of instability. PMID- 7364469 TI - The decline of aerobic capacity and muscle strength following fractures of the lower limb. AB - Aerobic capacities and muscle strengths of the uninjured limbs have been measured in patients who had suffered fractures of the lower limb. In patients treated in plaster-of-Paris aerobic capacity and strength fell rapidly following injury, to an extent greater than might be expected as a result of resting in bed. Before removal of the plaster-of-Paris, both aerobic capacity and strength had improved. Further improvement occurred in the injured limb after resuming use of the injured limb. In patients treated by traction and thus subjected to long periods in bed, the reductions of aerobic capacity and strength, measured shortly after resuming movements, were more profound than in patients treated with plaster-of Paris. PMID- 7364470 TI - Correlation between clinical and radiological diagnosis for fractures and dislocations in an accident department. AB - Clinicians and radiologists agreed on the presence or absence of fracture or dislocation in 897 of 1011 cases (89%). The agreement was closer in cases that were thought on clinical grounds to show no injury. We think the high incidence of agreement in this group should help to reduce the number of radiographs used in an accident department. Further analysis of the results indicates which areas of the body have most missed fractures. PMID- 7364471 TI - Subcapital fractures of the femur in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A review of 40 subcapital fractures of the femur in 37 patients with rheumatoid arthritis has shown that no displaced fracture treated by reduction and fixation united, even when it had been acceptably reduced and fixed. Primary prosthetic replacement of the femoral head gave significantly better results, at least in the short term. A postoperative deep infection rate for prosthetic replacement of one in five was reduced to zero by prophylactic antibiotics: current treatment with oral corticosteroids did not increase the risk of infection. The possibility of a stress fracture of the femoral neck should be considered if a patient with chronic rheumatoid arthritis presents with increasing hip pain after minimal trauma. PMID- 7364472 TI - Fracture of the neck of the femur in childhood. AB - Fractures of the femoral neck in children are rare. They are commonly associated with severe complications, especially avascular necrosis of the femoral head, non union, coxa vara and premature closure of the upper femoral epiphysis. A review of current literature and a detailed analysis of cases seen in this hospital are given. Our experience indicates that early operation using internal fixation offers the best results. PMID- 7364473 TI - Two traumatic intrathoracic aneurysms in one patient. PMID- 7364474 TI - Intertrochanteric fracture of the femur with ipsilateral central fracture of the acetabulum. AB - The management of three patients each of whom sustained an intertrochanteric fracture of the femur with an ipsilateral central fracture of the acetabulum is described. Complications encountered in the first patient, using a standard nail and plate type of fixation, suggested that a screw compression system should be used for this combination of injuries. This method of internal fixation was successful in the treatment of the two other patients. PMID- 7364475 TI - External fixation with the coat hanger method in treatment of unstable fractures of the pelvis. PMID- 7364476 TI - Kuntscher nailing of the tibia--a new tibial jig. AB - This paper illustrates the use of a new tibial jig which facilitates closed Kuntscher nailing of the tibia. A brief history of medullary nailing is given, followed by a description of the jig. PMID- 7364477 TI - Spiral fracture of the humerus. PMID- 7364478 TI - Longitudinal study of the radiology of coal workers' pneumoconiosis. I. Small and large opacities. PMID- 7364479 TI - [Studies on differences in the preventive effects of habitual physical activity in occupation versus leisure time. I. Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in groups with differing habitual physical activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7364481 TI - Predictable effects on individual sleep patterns during a rapidly rotating shift system. PMID- 7364482 TI - Simultaneous determination by gas chromatography of phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4- and 2,6-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol in the urine of industrially exposed workers. PMID- 7364483 TI - Review of lung function data in 195 patients with asbestosis of the lung. PMID- 7364480 TI - The free erythrocyte protoporphyrin assay in monitoring lead-exposed workers. Comparison of two fluorometric methods. PMID- 7364484 TI - Quantitative and qualitative aspects of sleep in young self-selected four-shift workers. PMID- 7364485 TI - A study of humoral and cellular responsiveness in a population occupationally exposed to beryllium. PMID- 7364486 TI - Health aspects of well-being in working places. Report of a WHO-working group in Prague, September 18-20, 1979. PMID- 7364487 TI - Effects of short-term m-xylene exposure and physical exercise on the central nervous system. PMID- 7364488 TI - Spontaneous abortions among female chemical workers in Finland. PMID- 7364489 TI - A retrospective cohort study comparing complaints and diseases in day and shift workers. PMID- 7364491 TI - [Determination of free pentachlorophenol in air and in blood by efficient chromatographic procedures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7364490 TI - [Excretion of hippuric acid depending on circadian rhythm and nutritional effects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7364492 TI - The in vivo effects of zinc on erythrocyte delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase in man. PMID- 7364493 TI - Estimation of blood lead values from blood porphyrin and urinary 5-aminolevulinic acid levels in workers. PMID- 7364494 TI - Simultaneous gas chromatographic determination of urinary mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids using diazomethane derivatization. PMID- 7364495 TI - In vivo studies on methemoglobin formation by sodium nitrite. PMID- 7364496 TI - Antibody response following prolonged hyposensitization with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract. AB - An antigen-binding radioimmunoassay was used to measure IgG, IgA and IgE antibody (ab) to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in sera from patients who had been hyposensitized with either aqueous D. pteronyssinus extract or placebo. An allergen, F4P1, was obtained from D. pteronyssinus culture and 125I-labelled for use in the assay. The radioallergosorbent test was also used to measure IgE ab to D. pteronyssinus and IgE ab to Dermatophagoides farinae. The radioimmunoassay results showed a selective rise in IgG ab in sera from D. pteronyssinus-treated (DP) patients. An increase of greater than twofold in IgG ab in post-treatment sera was found in 27 of 29 DP patients compared to 1 of 29 placebo-treated ('placebo') patients (p less than 0.001). The mean rise in IgG ab in DP patients was sixfold, and the maximum rise was 50-fold. There was little change in the levels of IgA ab or IgE ab in either DP or 'placebo' patients during treatment. The DP patients showed significant clinical improvement compared with the 'placebo' patients (p less than 0.01). However, no correlation was found between post-treatment IgG ab and post-treatment symptom scores, or between the changes in IgG ab and the changes in symptom scores during treatment. The time course of the antigen-binding assay was investigated using very low concentrations of F4P1. The results showed that antigen-binding was slow, even in the presence of an excess of IgG ab. The role of IgG ab in hyposensitization is discussed. PMID- 7364497 TI - The in vivo measurement of organ tissue levels of cadmium. PMID- 7364498 TI - The development of thin CaSO4:Dy teflon TL dosimeters for beta dosimetry in personnel monitoring. PMID- 7364499 TI - The zinc-62/copper-62 generator: a convenient source of copper-62 for radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 7364500 TI - 123I production from radioxenon formed in spallation reactions by 660 MeV protons for medical research. PMID- 7364501 TI - The effect of gamma-irradiation on Fasciola gigantica infectivity to hamsters. PMID- 7364502 TI - The labelling of serum albumin with 57Co. PMID- 7364503 TI - Radioiodinated Cyclosporin A: preparation and biodistribution. PMID- 7364504 TI - Late results of replacement of cardiac valves by dura-mater allografts. AB - Homologous dura-mater valve was employed in a series of 2.338 patients in the period between January 1971 and January 1979. A restricted group of the first 272 patients were followed-up from six to eight years. This study showed gratifying results following mitral and tricuspid valves replacement and not as satisfactory results after aortic replacement. The postoperative complications were, for mitral valve: fungal endocarditis (0.68%), bacterial endocarditis (2.56%) thromboembolism (1.36%) valve dysfunction (12.9%) and reoperation was performed in 5.12% of the cases. For aortic valve replacement there was fungal endocarditis in 1.36% of cases, bacterial endocarditis in 5.68%, valve dysfunction in 29.54% and the incidence of reoperation was 23.28%. No anticoagulants were employed in this series. PMID- 7364505 TI - Analysis of possible toxins in hepatic coma including the removal of mercaptan by albumin-collodion charcoal. AB - Albumin-collodion coated activated charcoal was found to effectively remove mercaptan in aqueous solution or in "plasma" solution. An initial clearance of 150 ml/min at a flow rate of 200 ml/min could be obtained. The roles of middle molecules, loosely protein-blood molecules, phenols, mercaptan and other molecules were discussed. PMID- 7364506 TI - Composite materials for biomedical applications. AB - The concepts of composite mechanics have been used to design two materials for potential prosthesis of biomedical interest. They attain specific physical properties and use polymers which show a high degree of biocompatibility. The materials used were a poly (2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate) as matrix and polyesther resin as reinforcing fibers. The mechanical performance of a uniaxially oriented composite has been adjusted to match the behaviour of a human tendon. A laminate composite has been modelled for use in plastic surgery. PMID- 7364507 TI - Immobilization and characterization of L-asparaginase on hollow fibers. AB - L-Asparaginase was immobilized with various methods: cyanogen bromide, cyanuric chloride and cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. A dialysis device was transformed in a bioreactor with the enzyme immobilized on the outer surface of hollow fibers. Results on kinetic behavior, stability in storage and lyophilization are reported. PMID- 7364508 TI - Delivering dialysate of constantly decreasing sodium concentration using an automated dialysate delivery machine. PMID- 7364509 TI - Aluminum toxicity in renal failure. PMID- 7364510 TI - Anemia in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7364511 TI - The uremic itch. PMID- 7364512 TI - Blood purification treatment of schizophrenia. AB - In order to gather information about the usefulness of blood purification methods as a treatment for chronic schizophrenic patients, "mini-questionnaires" were sent to all European centers working with this method. The questionnaires consisted of two parts, one asking the psychiatrist about the disease itself and the evaluation of treatment, the other one asking the nephrologist about the specific method used. --A preliminary report, based on the evaluation of 53 questionnaires indicated--although far from offering conclusive results--that all schizophrenic patients did not profit equally from the therapy and that patients treated for less than 6 hours per week were not likely to improve. Implications for further research are discussed. PMID- 7364513 TI - A program library for computing the parameters of linear compartment models in pharmacokinetics. AB - A program library is presented with which explicit solutions of linear compartment models can be fitted to pharmacokinetic experimental data. Use is made of the fact that transport constants can be calculated from the numberical solution of such a problem without ambiguity. The non-linear regression is carried out using the Powell-method. A report of our experience with, e.g. choice of objective function, lag-time, accuracy of the numerical solution is included. PMID- 7364514 TI - Concept and implementation of a program for treatments and statistical or logical interrogations of a file: LOGIST. AB - LOGIST is a general program which can be used for the usual statistical interrogations and also for other basic operations such as a validity check, the transcoding and the listing of data essential to biomedicine and the human sciences. The objectives laid down for this program have enabled almost total transferability (using FORTRAN IV exclusively), simplicity in the interrogation language, clear presentation of results, reduction to a minimum of computer running time and working storage required and the facility for modification of program or addition of new sub-programs. All the possible statistical procedures have not been included yet but any such additions are quite simple. This program, despite its considerable size, can be satisfactorily used on a mini-computer. At present, it is installed on a Mitra 15 computer with a total memory capacity of 32 K words of 16 bits. Use with larger more powerful machines will increase its potential. Routine application to diverse problems (quality control of a file, transcoding, linking of data, etc....) is very satisfactory. PMID- 7364515 TI - Computerized detection of rapid eye movements during paradoxical sleep. AB - A technique for automatically analysing rapid eye movements in sleep EOG is described, in which time of occurrence, amplitude and duration of each REM are measured. This method is based on the pattern recognition algorithm that simulates visual analysis. PMID- 7364516 TI - Glucose kinetics in non-steady states. AB - A two-compartment model has been used to represent glucose tracer kinetics in the rabbit. Simulations were performed in which the model system was not in a steady state. The disturbances from the steady state included: input and output rates constant but not equal, rates varying linearly with time, rates varying sinusoidally with periods of 2 h and 4 min and rates varying at 1-min intervals in a random manner. Plasma glucose concentrations and 'true' mean glucose uptake rates, over the 2-h period, were calculated from the simulated data. Glucose uptake rates were also calculated from the simulated 'experimental' results using compartmental analysis and assuming the model was in a steady state. The errors caused by using compartmental analysis were found, in most cases, to be small. If doubtful experiments were to be discarded then the variation in plasma glucose concentration would be a very good guide. PMID- 7364517 TI - Effect of hypoxia (6,060 m) and cold (-5 degrees C) on sexual organs of male rabbits. PMID- 7364518 TI - Temperature regulation in the mouse, Peromyscus leucopus: effects of various photoperiods, pinealectomy and melatonin administration. PMID- 7364519 TI - Photoperiodic control of circadian activity rhythms in diurnal rodents. PMID- 7364520 TI - The silent abreaction. PMID- 7364521 TI - Effects of a traditional trance induction on response to "hypnotist-centered" versus "subject-centered" test suggestions. PMID- 7364522 TI - Amnesia, subjective organization, and learning of a list of unrelated words in hypnotic and task-motivated subjects. PMID- 7364523 TI - Production of proprioceptive errors with induced hypnotic anesthesia. PMID- 7364525 TI - Structural analysis of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A. PMID- 7364524 TI - Autonomic and central nervous system responding: during hypnosis and simulation of hypnosis. PMID- 7364526 TI - Hypnotherapy for narcolepsy. PMID- 7364527 TI - Midpoint back-extrapolation method for the rapid estimation of drugs' volume of distribution and dosage adjustment exhibiting multicompartmental characteristics. AB - A midpoint back-extrapolation method assuming an instantaneous drug input at the midpoint of intravenous infusion based on a linear one-compartment open model is used to estimate the apparent volume of distribution and total body clearance of drugs exhibiting multicompartmental characteristics. Error analyses indicate that the method is clinically satisfactory for drugs not showing a strong multicompartmental property. For drugs exhibiting extensive multicompartmental properties, proper corrections based on the average literature data can be made. This method requires only two to three blood samples for the estimation of clinically useful pharmacokinetic parameters. PMID- 7364528 TI - Influence of hepatic and renal disorders on the pharmacokinetics of sulfachloropyridacine. AB - The pharmacokinetics of sulfachloropyridacine were studied in a series of 30 adult patients (healthy volunteers, patients with moderate hepatic impairment and patients with renal impairment). In all cases a 500 mg dose of sodium sulfachloropyridacine was administered orally. The drug follows a single compartment pharmacokinetic model. In healthy patients the following pharmacokinetic parameters were established: Ka = 5.130 h-1, Ke = 0.205 h-1, tmax = 40 min, Vd = 7.94 liters, and in patients diagnosed with cirrhosis a decrease is appreciable in the absorption constant and in the area below the blood-time levels curve. A linear relationship is established between the elimination constant and creatinine clearance. A dosage regimen, applicable to patients with renal impairment, is established as a function of the pharmacokinetic parameters. The degree of plasma protein binding of sulfachloropyridacine diminishes significantly in patients with renal impairment. PMID- 7364529 TI - Hemodynamic changes in placenta, myometrium and heart after administration of the uterine relaxant ritodrine. AB - The action of the uterine relaxant ritodrine on placental, myometrial and cardiac blood pools has been examined during spontaneous and oxytocin-induced uterine activity. 113mIndium was injected intravenously and the blood pools were measured by recording gamma-activity externally. After i.v. injection of Ritodrine, the typical blood pool changes in labor were inhibited. Thereafter, placental and myometrial blood pools increased more than due to inhibition of labor alone. Simultaneously, there was a corresponding decrease in cardiac blood pool indicating an increase in cardiac output. The rapid inflow of blood in the uteroplacental region after Ritodrine indicates an improved hemodynamic situation. This action could be of benefit in emergency situations in a hyperactive ischaemic uterus during labor. PMID- 7364531 TI - Preliminary results on the action of dihydroxydibutylether on the lithogenic index of patients with calculosis of the gall-bladder. AB - Oral administration of 900 mg daily of dihydroxydibutylether to patients with cholesterol stones in the gall-bladder, reduced the lithogenic index of the bile, whose mean value shifted from 1.64 to 1.03 (p less than 0.01) after 20 days of treatment. Reduction of lithogenic index must be ascribed exclusively to the reduced biliary concentration of cholesterol. PMID- 7364532 TI - The catabolism of low molecular weight-hydroxyethylated amylopectin in man. II. Changes in the urinary molecular profiles. PMID- 7364530 TI - Effect of analgesic nephropathy in women on the metabolism and excretion of 14C acetaminophen. AB - Nephropathy due to excessive consumption of phenacetin-containing analgesic mixtures has been a problem in Canada. Following the withdrawal of phenacetin it seems probable that acetaminophen consumption will increase and this study investigated the metabolism of 14C-Acetaminophen in patients with nephropathy and in healthy women. The respective alpha T1/2s of excretion of Acetaminophen and its metabolites were 2.58 h in the controls, 4.28 h in patients with analgesic nephropathy and 6.53 h in patients with nephropathy due to causes other than analgesic abuse. Both groups of patients had T1/2s that were significantly longer than the controls. The total 12 h recovery of 14C was highly positively correlated with creatinine clearance. (R = 0.92, P less than 0.001). No significant shifts in metabolism were discernable. It is concluded that patients with either analgesic nephropathy or nephropathy due to other causes metabolise Acetaminophen normally but excretion is delayed in proportion to the degree of renal impairment. PMID- 7364533 TI - Presidential address: Clinical issues in psychoanalysis. PMID- 7364535 TI - The closing phase of the psychoanalytic treatment of adults and the goals of psychoanalysis 'The search for truth about one's self'. AB - The purpose of this paper is to pose doubts and queries about the nature and objectives regarding our work. I am not contributing specific replies to these questions, but rather some ideas so that we may rethink what we are doing and why we are doing it. In the first place, I state the doubts which I have regarding the classical criteria and goals as being the expression of the essence of psychoanalysis. Perhaps we do not realize that we 'saturate' the development of the psychoanalytic relationship with the aprioristic idea of 'leading' our patients to achieve the therapeutic goals we have already fixed for them from the very beginning. We should question if these 'therapeutic objectives' correspond to what should be our 'psychoanalytic point of view', with its search for the truth about oneself regarding our goals. Psychoanalysis is a science with specific and singular characteristics which should not be confused or, indeed equated with medical science or any other natural science. In the second place, I would like to draw attention to the fact that when considering these criteria, the accent has been almost exclusively put on the personality of the analysand. I believe that it is important to take into account also that which concerns the personality of the analyst with his neurotic and/or psychotic remnant and the role which his counter-transference or his projective counter-identification plays and which can disturb his creative work. But I wish to stress, especially, the importance contained in the analyst-analysand interaction in order to understand better the vicissitudes of all which happens in the closing phase of analysis. The achievement of insight is one of the most important goals of psychoanalysis. The concept of insight is related to that knowledge which stems from the experiences of deep change and mental growth helping the patient to get near to 'being his own truth', with the need to accept the corresponding responsibility. It is important to differentiate this authentic insight, so close to the getting near to the truth, from all other types of intellectual knowledge or 'pseudo-insight' which tend towards the opposite, that is, the avoidance of the truth. Finally, I discuss the disadvantages caused, in my opinion, from bearing in mind too much the idea of 'termination' during the carrying out of our task within the analytic situation in the closing phase of analysis. The predominance of the aprioristic thought that the analysis is 'on the point of' or 'should' end would obstruct the ability to detect what is authentically new in the material and what is most feared by the patient, such as getting closer to the search for truth about himself. PMID- 7364534 TI - The closing phase of the psychoanalytic treatment of adults and the goals of psychoanalysis 'The myth of perfectibility'. AB - The goal of analysis in the transference neuroses is achieved with establishment of internalized autonomy. A central focus of the analytic process is the epigenesis of reality thinking. Freud's early ideas about reality testing and the more recent contributions to the development and organization of the mental apparatus are reviewed. Recent postanalytic follow-up studies and panel discussions relating to these studies suggest that the analyst's task is completed when the best possible psychological conditions for the ego's functioning has been reached including the development of the self-analytic function. The attainment of the latter provides the analysand with the potential for continued analytic monitoring and further development. PMID- 7364536 TI - The value of reconstruction in adult psychoanalysis. AB - Reconstruction is clinically valuable for the patient and fundamental for the analyst. The analyst will inevitably use reconstruction in order to comprehend the patient and to understand how that adult has remained a disturbed child with that particular psychopathology. Although not necessarily specified, reconstruction remains a very important dimension of psychoanalytic technique that is regaining analytic attention. After reviewing reasons for the shift of attention away from reconstruction, the signifcance of reconstruction is emphasized for restoring personality continuity and cohesion and for explaining neurotic repetition as it has developed in life and in the analytic transference. This utilization of reconstruction is illustrated in a case of anniversary depression, demonstrating the linkage between historical events and their intrapsychic interpretation and response, as well as the linkage between past and present, childhood and adult disorder. Reconstruction does not always automatically follow from the transference and analytic work. It is an inferential and integrative act which may overcome resistance and amnesia, which synthesizes memories and genetic interpretations in addition to substituting for missing memory and gaps in history. Without reconstruction, the personal and familial myths of the past may be joined by current analytic myth. The reconstructive integration identifies patterns and interrelationships rather than isolated conflicts and experiences, and the intrapsychic configurations, consequences, and developmental influences are far more important than actual historical facts. The past is transformed to new meanings and reorganized on new levels of development. Reconstruction leads to consideration and investigation of the mental processes of childhood and early infancy. It has had a significant role in the development of psychoanalysis, and reconstruction contributes to the formation, testing, and validation of psychoanalytic theory. For clinical research, it will be particularly rewarding to reconstruct the different phases of the psychoanalytic process. PMID- 7364537 TI - The value of reconstruction in adult psychoanalysis. AB - Some of the factors that influence an analyst to choose one construction rather than another are explored. Such choices may be based on the analyst's insights and development, or his biases, past training and personal pathology; or the patient's attempts to influence the analyst in a particular direction. Construction may overemphasize the part played by the patient's innate propensities or his environment. Freud's interpretation of the Oedipus myth is re examined in the light of these thoughts. Reconstruction is considered to be of therapeutic value only through the analysis of the repetition compulsion in the transference. The clinical examples include consideration of the repetition of an early folie a deux phenomenon manifest in the transference. The nature of the internal objects that 'go with' the patient in exploration and distortion of truths is examined. New developments in analysis need to be integrated with creative constructions of the past, forming the foundation of new constructions. The view is held that in times of crisis patients revert to past systems; recognition of this factor implies that the work of reconstruction will be an on going process after the analysis is terminated, and forms part of the patient's equipment for future self analysis. PMID- 7364538 TI - The handling of presistances in adult psychoanalysis. AB - This presentation has somewhat artificially separated tactical from strategic resistances, and has singled out the handling of resistance from other aspects of the theory and practice of psychoanalytic technique. In the actual clinical situation, the handling of resistance is an integral and major component in over all technique and practice. It is intertwined continuously with all the other technical elements and processes of psychoanalytic intervention. But the understanding of resistance and the systematic, continuous, and ever deepening ways by which the analyst helps the patient to deal with them is one of the crucial differences that separate psychoanalysis from all the other forms of psychiatric treatment. PMID- 7364539 TI - The handling of resistances in adult patients. AB - In this paper I wish to show in detail clinical material, and how by using this we investigate the semantic distortion, and the use of linguistics as applied to investigating clinical psychoanalysis. In Part IV, I am referring to Freud's patient the "Rat Man'. Compliance with the requirements of the setting, that is, being punctual, associating freely or pretending to, does not mean that many of the patients we are going to discuss here may not put the psychoanalytic setting and language to the service of secret resistances and hidden pregenital pleasure. Perhaps it would be more adequate to say, of a certain type of resistance. But as it happens in the case of my patients illustrated in Parts II and III, we must investigate the meaning of the patients distorted notion of psychoanalytic treatment. This distorted notion we call semantic distortion. Some times it is an apparent formal response which hides another secret level of using the therapist. Sometimes, the apparent formal compliance with the fundamental rule and with the setting, does not prevent the patient from using speech, tenses of verbs, tone of voice, questions, etc. with purposes which are very different from those we know of as adult communication. We are interested in investigating this use of verbal and bodily communications in the service of resistance. In many cases this resistance may be subtle, insidious or hidden, that is to say, more disguised than or different from those described by Freud in some of his first papers as resistance against speaking, evoking memories, associating: all these are easily observable signs which help the therapist to be on the alert. We are interested in exploring the communicational approach, that is, what the messages and speech modalities of the patient are, what they convey and contain. PMID- 7364540 TI - On the mechanism of action from the point of view of human behavior. PMID- 7364541 TI - Discrimination between schizophrenic and brain-damaged patients with the Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Test Battery. AB - One of the major tests facing psychiatrists and mental health professionals is identifying psychiatric disorders which are caused by structural damage to the brain. Many psychological tests have frequently been used to do this, but extensive research has found most psychological tests to be ineffective in populations consisting of chronic schizophrenic patients. The present study evaluates the ability of a new test, based on the work of the Russian neuropsychologist, A. R. Luria, to discriminate between chronic schizophrenic and neurological patients. Results from earlier studies suggested that the battery is 88% effective in making these discriminations. The present study compared 50 schizophrenic and 50 neurological patients on the test battery. The results found that the Luria Neuropsychological Battery was extremely effective in making this discrimination, achieving an overall accuracy rate of 87%, far higher than the results reported for any psychological tests using a comparable population. Other advantages of the standardized Luria Neuropsychological Examination and its uses in psychiatric practice are discussed. PMID- 7364542 TI - Lateral asymmetry in perceptual judgments of reading disabled, hyperactive and control children. AB - Three groups of 11 year old boys, classified as reading-disabled/hyperactive, hyperactive, and normal controls, made same-different judgments to pairs of verbal or visuospatial stimuli presented simultaneously to the right or left side of a fixation point. Two experimental paradigms were used, one emphasizing comparison judgments from memory, the other, new comparison judgments. Reading disabled boys made more errors of judgment than did controls. All subjects exhibited faster reaction times for different judgments of pairs appearing in the left visual field. Reaction times were longer and errors more numerous for judgments made when two stimuli were presented simultaneously, one to each visual field. Differences in performance for the two halves of the visual field are attributed to memory storage effects for overlearned stimuli. The deficiency in interhemispheric comparisons is attributed to immaturity of the cerebral commissures. The reading-disabled group appears to encompass two subgroups with differing modes of information processing. PMID- 7364545 TI - Effects of alkali metal chlorides on activity levels of rats in a passive exploration test. AB - Rats treated with alkali metal chlorides (2 mmol/kg, injected intraperitoneally) were tested for exploratory behaviour in a situation where exploration was indicated by reduced ambulatory activity. Lithium chloride significantly reduced exploration and increased ambulation as compared to sodium chloride treated control rats. Whilst rubidium chloride had similar effects to those produced by the lithium salt, these failed to reach statistical significance. The findings are discussed in the light of two hypotheses, namely that lithium attenuates the central processing of sensory information, and that rubidium acts as a nonspecific stimulant of activity. PMID- 7364543 TI - Predictions and properties of a model of potassium and calcium ion movements during spreading cortical depression. PMID- 7364544 TI - Structural and functional characteristics of hedgehog polysensory cortical zone. AB - The study of the neuronal organization of the hedgehog associative cortical zone revealed that besides primitive characteristics this area possesses a number of progressive features. An electrophysiological approach revealed a great number of polysensory neurons. The method, based on the HRP retrograde axonal transport, enabled us to discover the connections between primitive associative LP and MD thalamic nuclei and the associative cortex. Motor conditioned reflexes connected with visual discrimination as well as reflexes to signals of different modalities were elaborated quite easily. Conditioning to a simultaneous visual-auditory complex was found impossible in hedgehogs. Bilateral ablation of associative area results in disruption of the fine components of sensorimotor integration. It is likely that a primitively organized associative system in hedgehogs participates in the formation of sensorimotor synthesis, but fails to realize complex acts of intersensory integration. PMID- 7364546 TI - Corticospinal tract interaction in locomotor development and motor units formation: an hypothesis. AB - In rat and kitten postnatal development the Corticospinal Tract (CST) growth has a temporal relationship with the development of mature locomotion and the elimination of polyneuronal innervation, and the formation of motorunits in the hindlimb muscles. This temporal correlation suggests a possible interaction of the CST with spinal motoneurons in the formation of functional groups of motorunits. Further, evidence is also given that spinal motoneuron size is plastic in the polyneuronal period; this indicates that motoneurons adapt themselves to their motorunits in postnatal life. This hypothesis suggests a causal interaction among these three neuronal events; the relevance of this interaction to the maturation of locomotor function is discussed. PMID- 7364547 TI - Alcoholism and brain damage: an investigation using the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. AB - Numerous neuropsychological tests have been used to assess the effects of chronic alcohol use on the brain. Recently, the introduction of the Standardized Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery has presented a fresh way of evaluating disorders due to brain dysfunction. The present paper is an investigation of deficits in alcoholics on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. It was found that alcoholics differed from age--and education--matched controls on six of the fourteen scales of the test: Visual, Receptive Language, Arithmetic, Memory, Intelligence, and the Pathognomonic scale. An investigation of the individual items which differentiated alcoholics and controls found evidence that the effects of alcoholism are primarily seen in the more complex association areas of the brain, consistent with the conclusions reached by Gudeman and his associates. The implication and limitations of the present results were also discussed. PMID- 7364548 TI - A code for ponto-geniculo-occipital wave (PGO). AB - A mechanism of generation of pontine-geniculo-occipital waves (PGO) has been addressed by intra- or extra-cellular recordings from pontine giganto-cellular neurons (PPRF) during various types of vestibular stimulation (cat). PPRF neurons were identified that responded with spike trains ((mean) 8 spike per sec). Statistical treatments of interspike interval and autocorrelation histograms revealed that the response was basically nonrandom. The same PPRF neurons also responded to medium frequency stimulation of excitatory pulse trains released from the medial vestibular nuclei, mainly in cats with enucleated nucleus interstitialis of Cajal and Nucleus Darkschewitsch (NiC, ND) (inhibitory interneurons). Medium frequency MVN activity evoked (generated by REM or by infusion of acetylcholine) the inhibitory activity of interneurons in intact cats. With decreased MVN activity, the inhibition ceased and excitatory pulses were again generated. During REM this process resulted in a cyclic activity with recurring peak-maximums at 3 to 3.5 sec intervals. This cyclic second order vestibular activity reached the PPRF through the medial longitudinal fasciculus together with several other descending vestibular impulses. The special PPRF neurons selectively respond to the cyclic stimuli of second order vestibular nucleus origin with release of the pontine PGO waves. The regularity of the spikes and the interburst intervals are under the control of two different types of pacemaker neurons located near the midline of pons anterior to the PPRF region with 125 msec and 3 to 3.5 sec interpeak intervals respectively. The results suggest that the vestibular system is one of the structures responsible for encoding the PGO waves. PMID- 7364549 TI - Temporal sequence discrimination of dichotic tones: the effect of frequency. AB - The present study was designed to investigate the effect of stimulus frequency on the ability to discriminate the temporal sequence of two 250 ms-duration dichotic stimuli. Dichotic stimulus pairs of three frequencies were tested, 493 Hz, 988 Hz and 3982 Hz, using a three-alternative forced-choice design. The results indicate that frequency does not affect the form, the slope or the location along the abscissa of the discrimination functions. All functions reached 67% discrimination level with a dichotic temporal asymmetry of approximately 40-45 ms. PMID- 7364550 TI - Skin temperature regulation: the effects of suggestion and feedback. AB - This study focuses on the effects of visual digital feedback and verbal suggestions on an individual's ability to increase hand skin temperature. In this 2 x 2 factorial design, thirty-eight college students were assigned to conditions receiving feedback or no feedback and suggestions or no suggestions. Subjects receiving suggestions heard a tape recorded imagery phrase related to increasing hand temperature; subjects in the no-suggestion condition received neutral phrases of electronic definitions. All subjects participated in three training sessions. Analysis of the third session indicated an interaction effect; post hoc analysis indicated a significant difference between subjects receiving feedback with suggestion and subjects receiving feedback and no suggestion. The results suggest that the ability to increase skin temperature may require the concomitant use of feedback and suggestion. PMID- 7364552 TI - Conative regulation of cortical activity by the reticular formation, hypothalamus, and thalamus. AB - Evolution of neural regions suggests the requirement for a common format for information units exchanged among regions. Short-term memory experiments suggest a format of six or seven items. A similar number of configurations of primary cerebral interactions is proposed, associated with arousal, sleep, approach, withdrawal, perseveration, alert scanning, and commanded by the reticular formation. A comparable number of basic states (feeding, mating, grooming, shelter-seeking, fighting, etc.) is proposed as operating within these configurations, under regulation by the hypothalamus. Conative variables from this region are transformed into patterns of regulation for local cortical populations by the thalamus. Elaboration of these configurations and states by higher structures leads to new forms of cortical activity only loosely coupled to brain stem systems. PMID- 7364553 TI - Community care in Dublin. PMID- 7364551 TI - Social dominance and cerebral hemisphericity: discriminating race, socioeconomic status, and sex groups by performance on two lateralized tests. AB - A neurosociological argument is presented which hypothesizes that persons in positions of social subdominance--black racial status, low and middle socioeconomic status (SES), and female sexual status will, in comparison to persons in positions of dominance--white, high SES, and male, be right hemispheric, i.e., will perform best on a test lateralized to the right cerebral hemisphere and its appositional mode of thought as opposed to a test lateralized to the left hemisphere and its propositional mode of thought. Data from 1058 adults from two probability samples (excluding left-handers, housewives and unemployed persons) are analyzed. Appositional performance is measured by the Street Gestalt-Completion Test (A), propositional performance by the WAIS Similarities Subtest (P), and right-hemisphericity by (A-P)/(A+P). Multigroup discriminant function analysis and three-way analyses of variance produced the following results: (1) blacks are more right-hemispheric than are whites, with lower similarities performance and higher Street performance; (2) SES varies directly with Similarities performance, but not with Street performance; (3) there is a two way interaction between race and SES such that middle SES groups are most right-hemispheric for whites, and low SES groups, most right-hemispheric for blacks; (4) females are more right hemispheric than are males among blacks and lower SES whites, reflecting in part the superior performance of black females on the Street test. PMID- 7364554 TI - Shades of meaning. PMID- 7364555 TI - Previously unrecognized treatable illness in an Irish elderly population. PMID- 7364556 TI - Dietary treatment of obesity. PMID- 7364557 TI - Bowel preparation for elective colon surgery--current Irish habits 1979. PMID- 7364558 TI - Whooping cough--Waterford Population Survey. PMID- 7364559 TI - Whooping cough morbidity--a continuing problem. PMID- 7364560 TI - The influence of accessibility on attendance at ante-natal clinics. PMID- 7364561 TI - Per rectum examination findings in the follow up of patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. PMID- 7364562 TI - Nonoliguric vasopressin oversecretion in severely burned patients. AB - Eight burn patients with smoke inhalation were studied. High levels of plasma vasopressin and plasma cortisol in the presence of polyuria were observed. Stress and pain seem to be the main factors in the vasopressin oversecretion; the polyuria probably resulted from fluid administration and osmotic diuresis. PMID- 7364563 TI - Effect of furosemide on renal prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha in normal subjects and in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The urinary excretion of prostaglandins (PG) E2 and F2 alpha, which reflects the renal synthesis of these substances, was evaluated by radioimmunoassay before and after an i.v. injection of furosemide in 10 normal subjects and in 10 patients with essential hypertension. In most normal subjects, urinary PGE2 increased after furosemide injection, whereas PGF2 alpha decreased to undetectable levels. In the hypertensive subjects, PGE2 increased to a lesser degree or decreased, but PGF2 alpha excretion was unchanged or augmented. These results suggest that furosemide may increase PGE2 synthesis not only by increasing the availability of the substrate arachidonic acid or by inhibiting the action of the catabolizing enzyme 15-hydroxyl-PG-dehydrogenase, as has been proposed, but also by depressing the activity of the enzyme PGE2-9-ketoreductase, which catalyzes the conversion of PGE2 to PGF2 alpha. In essential hypertension, an increased activity of PGE2-9 ketoreductase could explain the decreased levels of PGE2 that have recently been described in these patients. Whether these abnormalities in PG interconversion play a role in the pathogenesis of the hypertensive state or are secondary to it remains a question for further investigation. PMID- 7364564 TI - A simple technique for visualization of the vagina during ultrasound scanning. AB - A simple method for clear visualization of the vagina during ultrasound scanning is described. A sealed cylinder, filled with water, is introduced into the vagina. This device, used when the urinary bladder is full, improves visualization of the pelvic organs and facilitates interpretation of the scans. The technique may be employed during all stages of pregnancy, provided there is no bleeding or dilatation of the cervix. PMID- 7364565 TI - Viral hepatitis with extreme hyperbilirubinemia, massive hemolysis and encephalopathy in a patient with a new G6PD variant. AB - Extreme hyperbilirubinemia, massive hemolysis and hepatic encephalopathy were reported in a G6PD-deficient patient with viral hepatitis. Investigation of the G6PD properties revealed that this patient's enzyme represented a hitherto undescribed variant (Bnei Brak), characterized by heat stability and a unique triphasic pH-related enzyme activity curve. It is possible that the marked hemolytic process in this patient was enhanced by a further decrease in the activity of the already deficient enzyme during acidosis. PMID- 7364567 TI - Monomorphic adenoma and adenolymphoma in the same parotid gland. PMID- 7364566 TI - Ultrasonography and angiography in the diagnosis of renal arteriovenous malformation. PMID- 7364568 TI - Development of a department of emergency health services in a teaching hospital. AB - Emergency health services have evolved as a complex and demanding activity. Factors responsible include public perception and need for ready access to relatively prompt attention in a highly developed and expensive health resource area, and reliance on these services for clinical material for inhospital census and teaching. Thus, an emergency health service is a vital resource within a university environment for patient care, education and research. Appreciation of the nature and significance of this resource has not yet matured within the academic community. A logical, comprehensive approach is required to control the development of such a service as an academic department and to eliminate haphazard, unexploited growth. Required features include recognized specialty and academic status with full-time faculty, undergraduate curricula and a residency program with career goals to attract highly motivated physicians. The potential for clinical research of prehospitalization pathophysiology in trauma and acute emergencies in intensive care and similar units has not been properly exploited. PMID- 7364569 TI - Symposium on surgical treatment of degenerative arthritis of the knee. 16 to 18 May 1979, Haifa. Abstracts. PMID- 7364570 TI - Progress in environmental health. PMID- 7364571 TI - Lead exposure: effects in Israel. AB - Blood lead levels and parallel ambient lead exposure levels were studied in selected Israeli population groups. The studies were prompted by newly emerging findings on subtle renal, hematologic and neurobehavioral effects of low levels of exposure to lead in both children and adults. There was a high correlation (r = 0.89) between individual blood lead levels in the groups studied and free erythroprotoporphyrin, a measure of the toxic effect of lead on hemoglobin synthesis. Hemoglobin depression was weakly associated (r = 0.66) with rises in blood lead levels. Blood lead and free erythroprotoporphyrin determinations can be jointly used in screening for lead toxicity and iron deficiency. Our data suggest that the Jerusalem population at large is experiencing lead exposure in the range of rural USA levels, but that in Israel there are several foci of medically significant exposure requiring a comprehensive approach to control of occupational and environmental hazards. Furthermore, children of workers from high-exposure locations may face an additional risk. PMID- 7364572 TI - Exposures of aerial spray workers to parathion. PMID- 7364573 TI - Some health problems of women flight attendants in the Pacific. PMID- 7364574 TI - Psychiatric services to remote areas--the Western Isles. PMID- 7364575 TI - Scottish Hospital Advisory Service. Privacy. PMID- 7364576 TI - An evaluation of the reduction in patient numbers in psychogeriatric wards. PMID- 7364577 TI - Dependency rating scales: for use in psychogeriatric nursing. PMID- 7364578 TI - The contribution of the geographer to medicine. PMID- 7364580 TI - The myocutaneous flaps. PMID- 7364579 TI - Health centre practice in Scotland. Part 2. PMID- 7364582 TI - An adjunctive technique to rhinoplasty of the aging nose. AB - This report presents a simple, valuable adjunct to rhinoplasty in the specific case of senile elastosis. This type of skin will not contract as in younger individuals, and tip ptosis is quite often a problem in the senile nose. Described is a semilunar skin excision of the nasal dorsum in a large nose undergoing primary or revisionary rhinoplasty. Correction of tip ptosis occurring many years after rhinoplasty or its prevention in large elderly noses undergoing rhinoplasty is presented. PMID- 7364581 TI - Nonsimultaneous bilateral radical neck dissection. AB - From January 1963 to December 1977, 63 patients underwent a therapeutic second (staged) neck dissection at our institute. The mean interval between the first neck dissection and the second neck dissection was 13.2 months; 58.7% of the second neck dissections were performed between 6 and 12 months after the first. Forty-six patients had histologically positive and 17 patients had histologically negative nodes in the first neck clearance; 57 patients had histologically positive and 6 patients had histologically negative nodes in the second neck clearance. Forty-two of the 63 patients had bilateral nodal disease, while 2 patients had no disease in either side of the neck. Fifty-four percent of the patients had postoperative complications; 30% developed immediate postoperative edema, and 14% had wound infection. The overall three-year and five-year survival rates were 60% and 38%, respectively. Patients who had bilateral histologically positive nodes had a 16% five-year survival rate, while those who had histologically positive nodes in one side of the neck only had a 26% five-year survival rate. PMID- 7364583 TI - Value and limits of computer-assisted tomography. AB - Three years ago, at the VIIth International Congress of Radiology in Otorhinolaryngology, held in Copenhagen, the early impressive results of computer assisted tomography (CAT) in otorhinolaryngology were presented. Since considerable technologic and diagnostic progress of CAT has taken place in the meantime, questions about the increase in CAT's value and the expansion of its limits are appropriate now. Computed and, in some cases, conventional tomograms of facial lesions are used in the discussion of these questions. There is no doubt of CAT's advance within the last few years; there are, however, limits of CAT to be emphasized: (a) coronal CAT might be uncomfortable (especially if the gantry cannot be tilted), unsuccessful (e.g., in cases of neck stiffness), and even dangerous (when head injury is combined with trauma to the cervical spine); (b) enhancement is often not useful (except when intracranial tumor invasion is suspected); (c) specific diagnosis, based on CAT findings only, is impossible in most cases; (d) the radiation dose, which increases with improvement in the quality of the image, must be considered in each case; and (e) CAT does not replace conventional x-ray techniques, least of all polytomography. PMID- 7364584 TI - Computer-assisted tomography: sinus lesions with orbital involvement. AB - Computer-assisted tomography (CAT) is superior to other roentgenographic modalities in evaluation of paranasal sinus lesions whenever extension into the orbit is suspected. CAT not only demonstrates the orbital involvement, its location, and extent, but also the nature of the sinus lesion. Conclusions based on 43 cases of paranasal sinus lesions with orbital involvement are presented. The entities include sinusitis and orbital cellulitis, mucocele, polyposis, ossifying fibroma, fibrous dysplasia, cylindroma, osteoblastoma, lymphoma, carcinoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. PMID- 7364586 TI - The sternocleidomastoid muscle flap. AB - The sternocleidomastoid muscle has significant application in the head and neck following radical ablative surgery about the mandible, face, and oral cavity. It can be used in the following ways to rehabilitate the paralyzed face, to correct a soft-tissue defect about the upper neck and oral cavity, and to protect the major arteries in the head and neck. (a) It may be transposed with a segment of the clavicle and/or sternum as a composite pedicle flap for reconstruction of the mandible. (b) It may be transposed into the lower cheek and jaw to reconstruct a mandibular defect. (c) It may be transposed into the anterior floor of the mouth as a myocutaneous flap following major ablative surgery to assist in correcting the defect and rehabilitating the oral cavity. (d) It may assist in facial paralysis to reanimate the lower third of the face. (e) It may be used to reinforce a suture line and protect the carotid and innominate arteries. (f) It may assist in shoulder elevation following poliomyelitis when transposed to the acromial process of the clavicle. PMID- 7364585 TI - Functioning lipoadenoma of a supernumerary parathyroid gland in the mediastinum. AB - A patient underwent reexploration for a parathyroid adenoma; following identification of four normal glands in the cervical region, the mediastinum was entered, and an intrathymic lipoadenoma was excised. These very rare tumors have been associated with hypercalcemia in approximately half of the previously reported cases; however, none has previously been described as occurring entirely in the mediastinum. PMID- 7364587 TI - Embryonic development of the head and neck: part 5, the brain and cranium. AB - The development of the brain is presented with respect to closure of the neural tube, the formation of the five vesicles of the brain and their derivatives, and the cranial flexures. The cranial nerves, meninges, choroid plexuses, and cerebral vasculature are also discussed. The origin and ossification of the bony elements of the head and neck, including the neurocranium, viscerocranium, and cervical vertebrae, are described, as well as major congenital defects of the brain and the cranium. PMID- 7364588 TI - "Great men" with great ideas. PMID- 7364589 TI - Guidelines for prophylactic radical lymph node dissection in cases of carcinoma of the external ear. AB - All cases of squamous-cell carcinoma of the external ear that were treated at the ENT Clinic, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, between 1970 and 1977 were analyzed retrospectively to determine parameters for predicting the development of metastases. These cases included 62 males and 3 females, with a mean age of 77 years. The frequency of metastases for these patients was 16.4%. The carcinomas were graded according to four parameters: depth of growth, mode of invasion, cellular differentiation, and cellular plasmolymphocytic response. We concluded that depth of growth and mode of invasion were the most useful of these parameters and that prophylactic lymph node dissection should be performed in cases of tumors larger than 4 cm in diameter, of tumors infiltrating the cartilage, and of smaller tumors with maximum scores for depth of growth and mode of invasion. PMID- 7364590 TI - Reconstruction of the pharynx and upper esophagus after resection for cancer. AB - Construction of a new gullet after circumferential resection of the pharynx and upper portion of the esophagus for cancer is a major challenge to the head and neck surgeon. Techniques for reconstruction use cervical skin, adjacent pedicle flaps, and interposed visceral segments. Each technique has its place; none is ideal or free from complication or failure. Cure rates are poor, and unsolved problems remain. The quest for the perfect technique must continue, but the ultimate solution rests not with reconstruction techniques but with earlier diagnosis and elimination of the need for reconstruction. PMID- 7364591 TI - The application of hair-bearing flaps in head and neck surgery. AB - The history of hair-bearing flaps is presented. A study of the vascular supply of the scalp with a particular emphasis on the posterior branch of the superficial temporal artery revealed that it was possible to transpose the entire scalp or any hair-bearing flap on a long, highly mobile, narrow pedicle containing this vessel. Clinical application of this finding to postexcisional defects allowed the reconstruction of hairline, eyebrows, sideburns, and various shapes of beards and moustaches. The technique was used on 80 occasions to produce various cosmetic units and proved to be a safe procedure. PMID- 7364592 TI - The pathology of head and neck tumors: nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, part 5. AB - Nasal polyps and epithelial papillomas of the sinonasal tract often manifest similar clinical signs and symptoms. The similarity ends, however, when one considers their disparate biologic behavior. Polyps are associated with atopy, infection, and some metabolic, systemic disorders, whereas papillomas are enigmatic in pathogenesis and do not have an association with possible precursor disorders. While recurrences of nasal polyps may be an annoyance for the patient, such recurrences lack the local aggressiveness of the papilloma. Malignancies are rare in nasal polyps, whereas the frequency of malignancies in papillomas is both statistically and biologically significant. In this report, selected aspects of nasal polyps are considered and serve to contrast with the clinicopathologic evaluation of epithelial papillomas. PMID- 7364593 TI - Postirradiation carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct remnant: follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. AB - A case of carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct remnant is presented. The tumor was a rare follicular variant of the papillary type of thyroid carcinoma. The patient had received external beam radiation to the head and neck both as a child and as an adolescent. The recently reported increased incidence of thyroid carcinoma is believed to be related to the former practice of irradiating cervical thymic and lymphoid tissue in children. Since it is normal thyroid tissue that remains in the thyroglossal duct tract, this ectopic tissue presumably has the same malignant potential as that in the thyroid gland. Therefore, more cases of carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct remnant may be seen as those patients who underwent head and neck irradiation in childhood mature. PMID- 7364595 TI - Formulating a prescription for osteopathic manipulative treatment. PMID- 7364594 TI - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia: a disease that may be confused with malignancy. AB - Twelve new cases of an unusual, benign vasoproliferative and inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE), are described and contrasted clinically and pathologically with those appearing in the literature. Only recently recognized in the United States, the disease is of singular importance because the vascular component may be confused histologically with angiosarcoma, thereby resulting in unwarranted aggressive therapeutic measures. ALHE characteristically affects adults and presents in the head and neck region as either solitary or multiple cutaneous tumors. The lesions are pruritic, frequently bleed after minor trauma, and may be associated with peripheral eosinophilia and regional lymphadenopathy. On rare occasions, the disease may masquerade as a salivary-gland tumor, cause stenosis of the external auditory canal, or present as an osseous lesion of the skull. Extrafacial tumors are uncommon. Excision is the most frequent form of therapy; however, local irradiation, corticosteroids, electrodessication with curettage, and chemotherapy have also had varying degrees of success. PMID- 7364597 TI - Relation of faulty respiration to posture, with clinical implications. PMID- 7364596 TI - Hemodynamic changes of acute renal failure during hemodialysis. PMID- 7364598 TI - Ocular ultrasonography. PMID- 7364599 TI - Stabilization of radiation damage in a silicon diode radiation detector. PMID- 7364600 TI - A preloaded, custom-designed implantation device for stage T1-T2 carcinoma of the floor of mouth. PMID- 7364601 TI - The status of radiotherapy for early breast cancer. PMID- 7364602 TI - An investigation into the combined effects of x-irradiation and microwave heating on pig skin. PMID- 7364603 TI - A semi-empirical model for the generation of dose distributions produced by a scanning electron beam. PMID- 7364604 TI - Is contralateral neck treatment necessary in early carcinoma of the tonsil? PMID- 7364605 TI - A head holder for treatment of head and neck cancers. PMID- 7364608 TI - Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen during short-term exhaustive exercise. AB - We assessed hemoglobin affinity for oxygen (standard P50: pH 7.40, PCO2 40 Torr, temperature 37 degrees C) in 3 series of studies of 16 male subjects who performed exhaustive treadmill exercise of 10 min duration. Standard P50 was significantly elevated (0.7--2.5 Torr) during the last minute of and for 30 min following exercise. Exercise while carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) was acutely elevated to 5% did not affect std P50 any differently than exercise alone. 2,3 Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) was significantly elevated after exercise, but not during or 30 min postexercise, and it correlated significantly with P50 in 2 studies (r, 0.43--0.68). ATP (mumol/100 ml) was significantly elevated only 3 min postexercise. Serum [Na+], [K+], [Cl-], osmolarity, and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration were significantly elevated during exercise with [Na+] osmolarity, and [Hb] remaining significantly elevated postexercise. There was no significant correlation between std P50 and any of these variables. Multiple correlation regression analysis between P50 and 2,3-DPG, ATP, and [Na+] yields a coefficient of 0.86. We conclude this type of exercise is unique in causing a small change in std P50 that appears to be mediated by several factors. PMID- 7364607 TI - Maximal oxygen uptake during free, tethered, and flume swimming. AB - The purpose of this study was 1) to compare the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) obtained in swimmers during tethered swimming, free swimming, and flume swimming, and 2) to determine whether an arm-ergometer test would provide comparable results. In the first experiments the VO2max for tethered swimming (2.67 +/- 0.26 l/min) and flume swimming (2.62 +/- 0.26 l/min) were not different (P greater than 0.05) and were highly correlated (r = 0.99). However, with arm ergometry a significantly lower VO2max (2.36 +/- 0.24 l/min) occurred from those found in the two swimming tests (P less than 0.05). Other experiments demonstrated that the tethered swimming VO2max (3.53 +/- 0.27 l/min) and the free swimming VO2max (3.55 +/- 0.28 l/min) also provide results that were similar (P greater than 0.05) and highly correlated with each other (r = 0.99). Differences between tethered and flume swimming, and tethered and free swimming were small, being 1.2 +/- 1.6% and 0.6 +/- 0.9%, respectively. Differences between tethered swimming and arm ergometry VO2max were large, 14.7 +/- 2.4%, despite the high correlation (r = 0.97) between these measurements. Predictions of a swimming VO2max from the arm ergometer data yielded a considerable error (+/-7.1% and +/-7.4%). The present results indicate that flume swimming, free swimming, and tethered swimming yield essentially identical VO2max results. PMID- 7364606 TI - Faster adjustment to and recovery from submaximal exercise in the trained state. AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of endurance exercise training on O2 deficit and O2 debt, and on the time courses of the adjustment to, and recovery from, submaximal exercise of oxygen uptake (VO2) carbon dioxide production (VCO2), minute ventilation (VE), and heart rate (HR). Eight subjects participated in a 9-wk-long exercise program that increased their VO2max by 24%. It was found that O2 deficit and O2 debt were lower at the same absolute work rate and not significantly different at the same relative work rate after training. The increases in VO2, VCO2, VE, and HR at the onset of constant load submaximal work, and the decreases in VO2, VCO2, VE, and HR in recovery were more rapid at both the same absolute and the same relative work rates after training. These results show that the adaptations to endurance exercise training enable an individual to adjust to the energy requirement of constant load submaximal work more rapidly, resulting in a smaller O2 deficit. The rate of recovery is also more rapid after training, resulting in a smaller O2 debt. PMID- 7364609 TI - Aldosterone and ADH response to heat and dehydration in cattle. AB - The effect of heat (35 degrees C) and dehydration under heat (30 h) on plasma levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone was studied on four nonpregnant dry Holstein cows. Heat exposure caused a rapid significant rise in plasma ADH without significant changes in hematocrit (Hct), small but significant increase in urine output and a significant reduction in total plasma protein. Dehydration under heat caused a sharp increase in ADH levels associated with a significant decrease in urine output and a significant increase in plasma protein, blood Hct, and serum osmolality. A significant reduction in plasma aldosterone level was observed after 24 h of heat exposure. This was associated with a slight rise in urinary sodium excretion and a significant reduction in serum sodium. Both serum and urinary potassium concentrations were significantly lower under heat. Dehydration resulted in a slow rise in aldosterone but did not reach thermoneutral level. This is probably due to the inhibitory effect of higher serum sodium observed during dehydration on plasma aldosterone secretion. The rise in ADH and decrease in aldosterone during heat exposure may explain why cattle are one of the few species that do not concentrate urine during heat exposure. PMID- 7364610 TI - Determinants of transvascular fluid shifts in zone I lungs. AB - We studied the fluid shifts in isolated, plasma-perfused rabbit lungs kept completely within zone I. The rate of fluid filtration or reabsorption was determined gravimetrically. A rise in alveolar pressure at constant pleural and vascular pressures reduced th rate of filtration or increased the rate of reabsorption in seven of eight lungs. In seven of seven lungs a reduction in pleural pressure at constant alveolar and vascular pressures increased the rate of filtration or decreased the rate of reabsorption. Thus, a given rise in lung volume had opposite effects depending on whether this rise was caused by an increased alveolar or reduced pleural pressure. Therefore, the exchange vessels studied cannot be true extra-alveolar vessels, which always expand (reflecting a rise in transmural pressure) with a rise in lung volume. When alveolar and pleural pressures were equally increased at constant vascular pressure, the rate of filtration was reduced in four of four lungs. The results can be explained through the existence of exchange vessels situated neither in the alveolar septae proper nor among the true extra-alveolar vessels. The vessels in the alveolar junctions are the most likely candidates. PMID- 7364611 TI - A new method for analyzing multiple-breath nitrogen washout curves. AB - Multiple-breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) curves from 39 normal and 45 patients with varying degrees of airway obstruction were analyzed with the following equation: log log [(F0N2 - F infinity N2)/(FN2 - F infinity N2)] = B log (V/FRC) +A, where F0N2 is the initial, F infinity N2 is the equilibrium, and FN2 is the end-tidal fractional nitrogen concentration after a volume (V) of air in liters have been exchanged, and FRC is the measured functional residual capacity of the individual. All 84 curves were well described with the equation when all points corresponding to FN2 below 0.40 were used. The coefficient of determination (r2) exceeded 0.990 in 56/84 (67%) of the transformed curves and the lowest coefficient of determination was 0.946. This suggests that the MBNW can be described by two numbers, B called the index of uniformity, and A the index of efficiency. The ability of these two indices and the lung clearance index (LCI) to identify individuals as abnormal and to separate groups with varying degrees of airway obstruction was compared. B identified more individuals (33/45) as abnormal than did A(15/45) or LCI (19/45). B was also superior to A or LCI in separating groups with varying degrees of airway obstruction. This analysis allows the complex MBNW curve to be described by two numbers that vary depending on the degree of airway obstruction. PMID- 7364613 TI - Hemodynamics in awake rabbits during hyperbaric helium-oxygen exposure. AB - Although man is being exposed to hyperbaric environments more frequently, the effects of these environments and the inert gases used are not clearly defined. We therefore designed an experiment to examine both the effects of helium and elevated pressure on the cardiovascular system in conscious rabbits exposed to normoxic levels of a helium-oxygen (He-O2) gas mixture at 1 and 11 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 2 h. Variables studied included heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, organ blood flow, and resistance to flow. The only change observed was a decrease in heart rate from a control of 284 +/- 7 (mean +/- SE) to 246 +/- 12 beats/min after 2 h of breathing He-O2 at 1 ATA. We therefore conclude that the cardiovascular system is not adversely affected by helium or elevated pressure as used in this experiment. PMID- 7364612 TI - Lung fluid and protein exchange during intracranial hypertension and role of sympathetic mechanisms. PMID- 7364615 TI - Dynamics of ventilation, heart rate, and gas exchange: sinusoidal and impulse work loads in man. AB - Dynamic characteristics of ventilation, heart rate, and gas exchange in response to sinusoidally varying work loads were analyzed in four male subjects, exercising in the upright position on a bicycle ergometer. Mean work-load and sinusoidal amplitude were about 1.5 and 0.9 W/kg, fat-free mass), respectively. Seven different frequencies were used, the periods ranging from 12 to 0.75 min. To further investigate the linearity of the variables under study, 10-s impulse loads were also applied to three of the four subjects. Harmonic analysis of the sine-wave data and comparison of the sine-wave fundamental responses with the impulse frequency responses showed that only O2 uptake behaves in a linear fashion. Ventilation and CO2 production showed quasi- to nonlinear behaviors, whereas the responses of heart rate and alveolar partial pressures were clearly dependent on the type of forcing used. By means of mathematical parameter identification techniques, it was found that the individual frequency responses of O2 uptake could be almost completely described by a four-parameter transfer function with parameter values showing second-order underdamped to critically damped dynamics. PMID- 7364614 TI - Influence of starvation on enzyme-induced emphysema. AB - Adult rats were exposed to an aerosol of 10% papain for 8 h twice in a 2-wk interval. The control rats were exposed to isotonic saline in the same manner. Three weeks after the final exposure rats were divided into four groups: emphysema-fed, emphysema-starved, control-fed, and control-starved. Starved animals received one-third of their measured daily food consumption and water ad libitum for 6 wk. Final body weight, dry and wet weights of lungs and postfixation lung volume (VL) were significantly lower in starved rats. Dry-to wet weight ratios were not significantly different among the groups, but VL/body weight was significantly higher in starved animals. Elastic recoil pressure of lung tissue determined in saline-filled lungs decreased and chord compliance over mid- and high-volume ranges increased significantly in starved animals both in control and emphysema groups. Mean linear intercept of air spaces was greater and internal surface area was smaller in starved rats in each group. Therefore, it appears that starvation aggravates the preexisting emphysematous processes in rat lungs. PMID- 7364616 TI - Characteristics of sustained graded inspiratory inhibition by phasic lung volume changes. AB - The dynamic characteristics of graded reversible inspiratory inhibition by vagal feedback were investigated in pentobarbital-anesthetized paralyzed cats, ventilated with a servo respirator. The volume and time associated with various levels of graded inhibition were determined by using a series of constant-flow lung inflations. Protracted phrenic inhibition was produced by lung inflation, which was arrested when the phrenic discharge was partially inhibited. Thereafter, the volume was withdrawn along a trajectory that approximately paralleled the fall in inhibitory threshold. This volume-withdrawal trajectory would be expected to produce a sustained nearly constant level of inhibition based on the results determined from the constant-flow inflations. However, the observed inhibition exceeded that expected, increasing to a maximum and then decreasing to expected values over a period ranging from 1 to 2 s in most animals. This excess inhibition cannot be attributed to the known dynamic properties of pulmonary stretch receptors; their activity should be reduced, for any particular lung volume, during the volume withdrawal maneuver. These results suggest a central integrative processing of vagal afferent activity that causes inhibition to lag volume. This delay acts to promote inspiratory off-switching because it prevents the development of a protracted period of reversible inhibition. PMID- 7364617 TI - Angiotensin I conversion and vascular reactivity in pathophysiological states in dogs. AB - To determine if angiotension converting enzyme activity is altered by acute pathophysiological insults, we assessed angiotensin I conversion using a blood pressure response technique in anesthetized dogs studied during acute 100% O2 breathing and acute acid-base derangements. Also, we determined systemic vascular reactivity to angiotensin II by measuring the magnitude and duration of the arterial blood pressure response to intra-arterial injections of angiotensin II under these same conditions. Angiotensin I conversion found in normoxia [91 +/- 7 (SD)%] was unchanged by acute acidosis, alkalosis, and hyperoxia. During acute hyperoxia the mean half time of the hypertensive response increased from 68 +/- 25 (SD) s at a PaO2 of 112 +/- 18 (SD) Torr to 100 +/- 34 (SD) s at a PaO2 of 491 +/- 47 (SD) Torr (P less than 0.01). No other pathophysiological condition studied had any effect on reactivity of systemic vasculature to angiotensin II. We conclude that, except during acute hypoxia as previously shown, converting enzyme activity is resistant to other pathophysiological insults and that vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II is enhanced by hyperoxia. PMID- 7364618 TI - Viscosity and density dependence during maximal flow in man. AB - Maximal expiratory flow curves were obtained from ten healthy subjects white breathing air and three other gas mixtures with different densities and viscosities. From these data, the magnitudes of the dependence of maximal flow on gas density and viscosity were obtained. The scaling laws of fluid mechanics, together with a model for the flow-limiting mechanism, were used to obtain a prediction of the relationship between the density dependence and the viscosity dependence of maximal flow. Although the data for individual subjects were too variable to allow a precise comparison with this prediction, the relationship between the mean density dependence and the mean viscosity dependence of all usbjects agreed with the theoretic prediction. This agreement supports the assumption, which is frequently made, that flow resistance rather than tissue visoelasticity is the dominant contributor to peripheral resistance. Information on the relationships between the pressure drop to the flow-limiting segment and flow, gas density and viscosity, and lung volume were also obtained. PMID- 7364620 TI - Lung degassing: an evaluation of two methods. AB - This study compares the effectiveness of the oxygen absorption and vacuum degassing methods for removing trapped gas from lungs. In addition, the effects of changing vacuum pressure, number of times to degas, and lung orientation during the vacuum degassing procedure were evaluated. To evaluate the two methods, a capacitance spirometer was designed and constructed to record lung volume as lungs were vacuum degassed. When lungs containing trapped gas were degassed in a vacuum chamber, they initially expanded, then slightly decreased in volume until the vacuum was released. Lung volume rapidly decreased as the pressure in the vacuum chamber returned to ambient pressure. The results showed that oxygen absorption atelectasis was more effective in removing gas from the lungs than vacuum degassing the lungs. When vacuum degassing was use, it was found to be most effective when the pressure in the chamber was reduced to the vaporization pressure of H2O and when the lungs were degassed twice. Degassing the lungs more than twice did not significantly remove more gas from the lungs. Lung orientation did not affect the removal of gas during vacuum degassing. PMID- 7364619 TI - Spontaneous mechanical activities of dog trachealis muscle in vivo. AB - Isometric strain gauge arches attached transversely and longitudinally to cervical trachealis muscle (CTM) recorded spontaneous mechanical activities (SMA), passive constriction, and longitudinal tension in 64 dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. Inspiratory tracheal elongation increased longitudinal tension and passively constricted CTM. Occasional overlapping of tracheal cartilages observed on initial exposure of cervical trachea appeared to be due to unprovoked persistent increases in SMA. Three major types of rhythmic SMA oscillations occurred in 42 lightly anesthetized dogs: slow oscillations 50 - 200 s/cycle (19 dogs); sinelike waves 20-30 s/cycle (12 dogs); and sinelike waves superimposed on slow oscillations (11 dogs). These rhythms were dampened by pharmacologically induced incrases or decreases in SMA. They disappeared following deeper anesthesia, atropinization, or bilateral vagotomy. Intravenous acetylcholine increased while isoproterenol decreased SMA before and after bilateral vagotomy in spontaneously breathing dogs as well as in artificially ventilated curarized dogs whose tracheas were isolated in situ. Atropine blocked acetylcholine actions and propranolol blocked those of isoproterenol. Changes in SMA induced pharmacologically did not correlate with simulatenous alterations in systemic arterial pressure of ventilatory patterns. PMID- 7364621 TI - Fast-responding flow-independent blood gas catheter for oxygen measurement. AB - Analytic expressions were derived for the response time, flow dependency, and signal-to-background ratio of blood gas catheters. These expressions were utilized to optimize the design of a new catheter. The catheter was tested in vitro and in vivo, and shown to be fast responding and practically flow independent, with an acceptable signal-to-background ratio. PMID- 7364622 TI - Small-animal ergometer. AB - A continuous vertical ladder ergometer for small animals has been developed. This device, operating at a (variable) downward velocity, obliges the subject animal to climb continuously, thus imposing a steady quantifiable work rate or power output. The power output of the animal is given simply by P = W X V X 9.80 X 10( 3) sin theta, where P is the power output in watts, W the animals' weight in grams, V the ladder velocity in meters per second, and theta the angle between horizontal and the ladder surface. Wistar rats have been readily taught to climb on the ergometer and demonstrate high levels of physical effort with no injuries. Rats of 350 g body wt are able to climb at 0.25 m/s for period of 15 min. The maximal power output of rats varies between 0.5 and 1.1 W. The ergometer design is compatible with conditioning and exercise programs for small animals as well as with quantitative measurements of power output and physiological parameters such as heart rate and gas exchange. PMID- 7364623 TI - Chronic lung lymph fistula in the goat. AB - Goats have been prepared with chronic lung lymph fistulas in a manner similar to that described in sheep. Only one thoracotomy is needed to resect the posterior portion of the caudal mediastinal lymph node and to cannulate the main efferent duct. Comparison of data from the goat and from the sheep was accomplished by infusion histamine and by increasing left atrial and systemic venous pressures. Histamine infusion resulted in an increase in lymph flow (QL) from a base-line level of 7.3 36 ml/h and an increase in lymph-to-plasma protein ratio (L/P) FROM 0.70 to 0.82 (n = 2). In goats subjected to an increase in microvascular pressure averaging 18.2 cmH2O, QL increased from a base line of 6.7 to 23.0 ml/h, while the L/P decreased by 0.21 (n = 5). Elevation of systemic venous pressure by 8-9 cmH2O did not change QL (n = 4). Thus, the cannulation in the goat is similar to the sheep in response to induced permeability edema and hydrostatic edema, and similar with respect to lymph purity tests. PMID- 7364624 TI - Achalasia interpretations. PMID- 7364625 TI - In defense of erysipelas vaccine. PMID- 7364626 TI - House passes military special pay bill. PMID- 7364627 TI - Animal hospitals and liability. PMID- 7364628 TI - Lymphocystis disease. PMID- 7364629 TI - A technique for management of traumatic rupture of the equine suspensory apparatus. AB - Problems involving the management of acute traumatic rupture of the equine suspensory apparatus include loss of blood flow to the foot, proper immobilization, and pressure sores from casts. A technique utilizing a board splinting device attached to the affected limb at the toe and subsequent corrective shoe support provides immobilization, prevents dropping of the fetlock, can be applied to the standing animal, and allows frequent changing of the bandages, if necessary. PMID- 7364630 TI - Surgical correction of cecocolic intussusception in a horse. PMID- 7364631 TI - Urination during ejaculation in a stallion. PMID- 7364633 TI - Occlusion of internal carotid artery in the horse by means of a balloon-tipped catheter: evaluation of a method designed to prevent epistaxis caused by guttural pouch mycosis. AB - A procedure developed to occlude the internal carotid artery of horses with guttural pouch mycosis was modified was modified and evaluated in nine clinically normal horses. The left internal carotid artery was ligated at its origin and occluded distally with an intraluminal balloon catheter. In four horses, the balloon-tipped catheters were left in place until these horses were euthanatized at 4 to 244 days after surgery. In the remaining horses, the catheters were removed after 10 to 14 days by a cutdown procedure, and these horses were euthanatized 1 to 60 days after catheter removal. In both groups, gross and histologic examinations revealed that occlusive thrombosis had developed in sections of artery distal to the balloon. Postoperative complications were not encountered. PMID- 7364632 TI - Basilar skull fractures in three horses. AB - Of three horses with basilar skull fractures, two died within 48 hours. The remaining horse was euthanatized because of a locomotion deficit. Clinical signs included epistaxis followed by ataxia. In each case, the basi-occipital bone and ventral portion of the calvarium were involved in the fracture. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs or radiographic appearance of guttural pouches, or both. PMID- 7364634 TI - Occlusion of internal carotid artery in the horse by means of a balloon-tipped catheter: clinical use of a method to prevent epistaxis caused by guttural pouch mycosis. AB - An intravascular procedure was used to occlude the internal carotid artery of two horses with epistaxis caused by guttural pouch mycosis. In each horse, the affected internal carotid artery was ligated close to its origin. A balloon tipped catheter was introduced into the artery distal to the ligature, and its tip was advanced beyond the site of infection. The balloon was then inflated so that the infected segment of artery was isolated from the cerebral vascular system. The catheters were removed at 14 and 51 days, and both horses were returned to training and racing. Neither horse had further episodes of epistaxis. PMID- 7364635 TI - Pharmacologic control of vomiting. PMID- 7364636 TI - Cystic calculi. PMID- 7364637 TI - Licensing for whom? PMID- 7364638 TI - ECG of the month. Atrial fibrillation. PMID- 7364639 TI - Recommendations for reduction of anesthetic gas pollution. PMID- 7364640 TI - Oxytetracycline nephrotoxicosis in two dogs. PMID- 7364641 TI - Intestinal malabsorption attributed to bacterial overgrowth in a dog. PMID- 7364642 TI - Suspected warfarin toxicosis in a dog. PMID- 7364643 TI - Tubular hypoplasia of the ascending aorta and patent ductus arteriosus in a dog. PMID- 7364644 TI - Marked osteolysis of the femoral head and neck, and proximal one third of the shaft, with slight exostosis, suggestive of neoplasia. PMID- 7364645 TI - Mary E. Switzer Memorial Lecture: Allied health professions: planning for the future. PMID- 7364646 TI - W.K. Kellogg foundation 50th Anniversary Lecture. PMID- 7364647 TI - A proposed curriculum on death and dying for the allied health student. AB - Encounters with a dying patient create a triple dilemma for the allied health professional. These include the anxiety aroused in the dying patient, the avoidance of the patient by other members of the health team and the allied health professional's own anxieties about death. This article summarizes the existing curricular models on death education for health professions students. A proposed course design for allied health professions students modified from Bloch's medical education objectives for a thanatology course is presented. Special emphasis is given to development of active listening skills which allied health personnel need in their role as supportive significant others for dying patients. PMID- 7364648 TI - Preparing faculty for the allied health professions: a follow-up study of a program's graduates. AB - Since 1972, Baylor College of Medicine, the University of Houston and Texas A&M University have jointly offered a graduate Program in Allied Health Teacher Education and Administration. The purpose of the program is to prepare faculty and administrative leaders for allied health education programs. As of December 1978, a total of 94 allied health professionals had completed master's or doctoral degrees and most of them are currently pursuing academic careers. This article describes the results of a follow-up study of these graduates to determine their current activities, locations and job satisfaction and to make decisions regarding the success of the program in raching its goals. PMID- 7364650 TI - The future of allied health education. PMID- 7364649 TI - Organizational aspects of schools of allied health professions. PMID- 7364651 TI - A structured approach to the integration of the clinical and didactic components of health career programs. AB - This paper presents a tested approach to a systematic progression of learning from the classroom to the clinical internship. The approach uses workbooks to integrate all facets of the training continuum. The basic model is training continuum. The basic model is called TAR. T refers to theory or teaching; A to application, which occurs during the clinical component; and R to reinforcement provided through seminars scheduled concurrently with fieldwork. The entire concept is introduced to students during a required weekly fieldwork preparation component scheduled prior to the first theory course. Clinicians and academicians participated in all phases of the three-year, HEW-funded project, which included development of interrelated performance objectives for the teaching, application and reinforcement components. Analysis of data from clinicians, students and faculty indicated that the TAR model provides a needed integrating structure. PMID- 7364652 TI - Ransoming the captives: professionalism and parochialism. PMID- 7364653 TI - Glomus tissue in the vicinity of the human carotid sinus. AB - Three of 60 cadavers have shown, in the adventitia or in the adipose tissue from the human carotid sinus region, small islands of tissue richly and typically vascularized and with nerve endings contacting cells like the tissue of the principal carotid body. In two of the cases such 'miniglomera' were single but in the third there were several all on the same side. A modified en bloc silver nitrate reduction stain was used to demonstrate the microvascular arrangements and the nerve endings by light microscopy of serial tangential sections of the carotid bifurcation. PMID- 7364654 TI - Leukocytes in the peripheral blood of the developing opossum. AB - Changes in the blood leukocytes have been studied in 112 opossums ranging in age from newborn to adult. Very few circulating leukocytes are present at birth, and these consist mainly of neutrophil granulocytes, with many immature forms. Leukocytes increase rapidly in number during the first 2 weeks of postnatal life, due to an accumulation of granulocytes. While all three types of granulocyte share in this early increase, initially it is the neutrophils which predominate. However, eosinophil granulocytes increase rapidly and their number soon equals or exceeds that of the neutrophils. Eosinophils remain a prominent, but lesser, component of the blood leukocytes throughout all subsequent periods of development. Lymphocytes are present only in small numbers during the first 8--10 days of postnatal life, and during this time small lymphocytes are absent from the peripheral blood. Apart from increased lobation of the granular leukocytes, the white blood cells show no remarkable cytological changes during the postnatal period. PMID- 7364655 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of hair from different regions of the body of the rat. AB - Surface features of rat hairs from different parts of the body have been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Ear hairs and vibrissae are similar in having much smaller cuticular scales than hairs from other parts of the body. The scales on the head hairs of females are smaller than those of males. PMID- 7364656 TI - Cell population kinetics of the germinal centres of lymph nodes of BALB/c mice. AB - The cell population kinetics of the germinal centres of mesenteric, axillary and inguinal lymph nodes have been studied using 3H-TdR and stathmokinetic techniques. The FLM computed by the Gilbert program showed an ill-defined second peak. The durations of the cell cycle phases were similar in the three anatomical sites. The stathmokinetic data showed only slight variation in the KB and tC(a) values between the different groups of lymph nodes. The Im, IS, and IP values indicated that the number of proliferating cells of the germinal center was very high. When the results obtained with 3H-TdR were compared with those obtained stathmokinetically, good agreement was generally found. PMID- 7364657 TI - On methods of measuring nerve fibres. AB - Various methods of measuring axonal circumference and cross sectional area were examined. In measuring circumference, the Reichert MOP semi-automatic image analysis system varied more than a map meter. Several methods of area measurement were compared. Though all were relatively accurate in the long run, variability of individual measurements differed from one method to another, being greatest with a rolling disc planimeter and least with the method of counting millimetre squares within the profile to be measured. The map meter and the MOP were compared in measuring the circumferences of a large sample of axons: the latter method was significantly the more variable. Also, the MOP gave values significantly greater than the map meter. Comparison was also made of area measurements on the same large sample of axons, using various methods. Apart from the MOP and the rolling disc planimeter, each method gave area estimates significantly different from all others. The differences were in some cases as great as 4%. There was no significant correlation between the error involved and the size of the axon in measuring axonal circumference or area. Of all the methods studied, the MOP was the most efficient in measuring both circumference and area in terms of time taken and versatility. So long as a particular study is confined to comparing sets of measurements made by the same method, the systematic errors reported above are relatively unimportant. However, in comparing sets of measurements made with different methods, systematic errors may be important and should be borne in mind. PMID- 7364658 TI - Comparison of morphological and biochemical parameters of growth in rat skeletal muscles. AB - Morphological and biochemical parameters of cellular growth of four skeletal muscles were examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats from 25 to 165 days of age. The number of muscle fibres decreased in the soleus (41%), plantaris (20%), extensor digitorum longus (25%), and biceps brachii (19%) from 25 to 165 days of age, while nuclear number increased in each muscle until approximately 81 days, with no additional change up to 165 days of age. Fusion of muscle fibres may possibly explain the apparent loss of fibres. During this period of growth, nuclear number correlated equally well with both fibre length and cross sectional area. However, transverse growth accounts for approximately 60% to the post-weanling increase in nuclear number. PMID- 7364660 TI - The cutaneous branch of some human suprascapular nerves. AB - A cutaneous branch of the suprascapular nerve was observed in 6 arms from 5 (4 male and 1 female) out of 61 Japanese cadavers. The suprascapular nerves with a cutaneous branch arose from essentially normal brachial plexuses. Every suprascapular nerve with a cutaneous branch had a normal course, and gave rise to the cutaneous branch either from the upper of its two muscular branches to the supraspinatus or from its stem under the superior transverse scapular ligament. After passing between the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligaments the cutaneous branch pierced the deltoid muscle close to the tip of the acromion. In one case, the peripheral distribution was very carefully dissected, the nerve supplied the proximal third of the lateral aspect of the arm within the territory of the axillary nerve. A cutaneous branch of the suprascapular nerve is obviously not uncommon, at least in Japanese. PMID- 7364659 TI - The presence of erythroid cells in the thymus gland of man. AB - Biopsies of the right lobe of normal thymus glands without signs of neoplasia or germinal centre formation from 35 patients ranging in age from 20 to 60 years of age, and from 3 children aged 6, 7 and 12, showed on electron microscopic examination of the material from 14 patients that in 12 cases erythroid cells of all stages of development past the beginning of haemoglobinisation were present in some degree. Earlier erythroid cells could not be identified on morphological grounds with certainty, but cells which could have been lymphoblasts, proerythroblasts and stem cell were all observed. A section of a megakaryocyte was seen in one thymus. The importance of erythropoiesis within the thymus gland is briefly discussed. PMID- 7364661 TI - Quantitative analysis of developing epiglottal taste buds in sheep. AB - Epiglottal taste buds of the sheep increase in number during development, and continue to increase until the epiglottis has reached its adult size. However, since the increase in taste bud numbers is paralleled by increase in the surface area of the epiglottis, the density of taste buds decreases progressively in the fetus and newborn. After birth the density remains relatively constant. From examination of the morphological stages of epiglottal taste bud development, we conclude that taste buds are originally produced by de novo formation, but that further increase in numbers is effected by division of existing, developing taste buds. Because of the large number of taste buds, and the maintenance of their density on the epiglottis, it is concluded that they have an important functional role in upper airway protective reflexes. PMID- 7364662 TI - The development of the eyelids. Part I. External features. AB - The sequence of developmental events leading to the formation of the eyelids is described in staged human embryos. By the end of the fourth week the optic vesicle lies close to the surface ectoderm. The surface ectoderm overlying the optic vesicle, in response to this contact, has thickened to form the lense placode (Stage 13). A few days later (about 32 days, Stage 14) the lens placode is indented by the lens pit. A day or two later (about 33 days, Stage 15) the lens pit is closed: however, the lens vesicle and optic cup lie close to the surface ectoderm and appear to press against the surface. Prior to the development of the eyelids, one small sulcus or groove forms above the eye (eyelid groove) and another below it (stage 16, 37 days). As these grooves deepen, in Stages 17--19, eyelid folds develop, first below, and then above, the eye. In Stages 19--22 the eyelid folds develop into the eyelids and cover more of the eye as the palpebral fissure takes shape. The upper and the lower eyelids meet at the outer canthus in Stage 19. The inner canthus is established a few days later in Stage 20. Closure of the eyelids is complete in Stage 23. PMID- 7364663 TI - Specialized contacts of astrocytes with astrocytes and with other cell types in the hypothalamus of the hamster. AB - Adult hamsters were used for this electron microscopic study of the hypothalamic region. Specialized contacts between astrocytes and astrocytes, and between astrocytes and other cellular elements, are described and illustrated. The specialized inter-astrocytic junctions occur primarily in perivascular and subpial regions, but also in areas of high synaptic density. The junctions between astrocytic processes are of hemidesmosomal type. Astrocytes are connected to oligodendroglial cells by means of desmosomes, and to neuronal processes by means of zonulae occludens. The functional significance of these arrangements is discussed. PMID- 7364664 TI - Follicles and related structures in the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis of the jird (Meriones unguiculatus). AB - Two types of follicle composed of non-granulated cells are regularly found in the pars intermedia of the mature jird (Meriones unguiculatus). A few (Type I) are large and cystic with a flattened epithelium bearing some microvilli, but most (Type II) are small and irregular in shape with a cuboidal to low columnar epithelium bearing many microvilli. They are apposed to the granulated chief cells, and contain a strongly PAS-positive material, but no cell debris. The Type II follicles also show crystalloid strands or chains. Villous projections sometimes protrude from the pars nervosa into the follicular lumen. The follicular cells show pinocytotic vesicles, complex interdigitations and invaginated nerves. PMID- 7364665 TI - Growth and cytodifferentiation of the fetal lamb adrenal cortex prior to parturition. AB - Growth patterns and cytodifferentiation of the fetal lamb adrenal cortex, from 136 days of gestation to birth at normal term, have been examined. The gland almost doubles in weight over this period (0.45--0.80 g) and the inner cortical zone (zona fasciculata+zona reticularis) nearly quadruples in thickness (0.33- 1.25 mm). The phase of rapid growth has begun by 136 days, and the growth patterns are essentially linear. The inner cortical zone consists of light and dark cells, the former increasing in number proportionately more than the dark cells. This change in the cell ratio is linked with increased fetal production of cortisol. As growth and differentiation proceed the light cells increasingly possess a more vesicular SER; mitochondria of the orthodox configuration, with predominantly vesicular cristae; a well developed Golgi complex with numerous small, bristle coated vesicles; and dark granules near the Golgi complex, in the peripheral cytoplasm, and external to the cells. The sixfold increase in the volume of the inner cortical zone and the ultrastructural evidence of cytodifferentiation appear adequate to account for the known increase in the fetal synthesis of cortisol during this stage of pregnancy. PMID- 7364667 TI - Growth of L(f2--f1) and L(2f1--f2) with input level: influence of f2/f1. AB - The present investigation examined the effect of f2/f1 (where f1 and f2 are the frequencies of a two-tone input, f2 greater than f1) exerted on the slopes of the functions relating simple difference tone level (L(f2-f1)) and cubic difference tone level (L(2f1-f2)) to input level (L1 = L2, where L1 and L2 represent the levels of the tones at f1 and f2, respectively). Two normal-hearing young adults served as subjects. An adaptive 2AFC nonsimultaneous gap-masking paradigm was utilized to obtain estimates of distortion product magnitude. Parameters of the two-tone input were: f1 = 1550 Hz; f2/f1 = 1.08 and 1.41; and L1 = L2 = 35 to 85 dB SL. Results revealed that slopes for the functions relating L(f2-f1) and L(2f1 f2) to L1 = L2 were approximately 1.0 dB/dB for f2/f1 = 1.08. For f2/f1 = 1.41, however, a slope of 2.0 dB/dB was observed for L(f2-f1) while a slope of 3.0 dB/dB was obtained for L(2f1-f2). It is suggested that some combination of nonlinearities is needed to account for these data. PMID- 7364668 TI - Response modulation of auditory-nerve fibers by AM stimuli: effects of average intensity. AB - Auditory-nerve responses were obtained for characteristic frequency tones which were amplitude modulated by sinusoids. Response modulation (RM) was determined from folded histograms which were synchronized to the modulating wave form. As the average intensity increased from threshold, RM increased to a maximum and then decreased, and the shape of the RM function resembled that described previously for incremental responses. However, unlike the latter, the RM function could not be predicted directly from the steady-state rate-intensity function. In general, the maximum RM occurred at a higher intensity than predicted, and RM occurred over a wider range of average intensities than predicted. The results are interpreted as reflecting a dynamic response characteristic with an operating range that exceeds that determined from the steady-state rate-intensity function. PMID- 7364669 TI - Some dualistic properties of the cochlear microphonic. AB - Within a small frequency range just above the characteristic frequency of a differential electrode pair, cochlear microphonic input-output functions are bimodal, exhibiting two maxima. The more sensitive, low-intensity response has a more limited linear operating range, and it is more labile due to acoustic fatigue or hypoxia. After fatigue or hypoxia, the high-intensity response is revealed. The latter operates 180 degrees out-of-phase with the former, presumably due to its being generated more basalward in the cochlea. The difference in the lability of the two components suggests that the two sources are different types of hair cells: i.e., outer and inner hair cells. PMID- 7364670 TI - Effect of modulation of basilar membrane position on the cochlear microphonic. AB - Certain characteristics of the extracellular cochlear microphonic (CM) recorded by intracochlear electrodes change in a bimodal manner as a function of prior acoustic exposure, intensity of stimulation, or stimulus frequency. In the present study, it is shown that biasing the basilar membrane position toward scala tympani serves to enhance the CM amplitude when the cochlea is unfatigued, when low-intensity stimuli are used, or when frequencies below the best frequency of a differential electrode pair are used. Conversely, after acoustic fatigue, or during high-intensity or high-frequency stimulation, the microphonic potential is enhanced by a movement of the basilar membrane toward the scala vestibuli. The two populations of hair cells, whose responses are enhanced and diminished on opposing positions of the basilar membrane, are probably outer and inner hair cells. PMID- 7364666 TI - Ototoxicity of kanamycin in developing rats: relationship with the onset of the auditory function. AB - In order to test the relationship between the ototoxicity of kanamycin and the onset of the auditory function, two groups of developing rats were intoxicated with kanamycin before and after the period of onset of cochlear potentials (8th postnatal day). Kanamycin was shown to have a weak ototoxic effect before the 8th postnatal day and a strong ototoxic effect after this period. These results indicate a critical period of sensitivity to ototoxic antibiotics during auditory development. PMID- 7364671 TI - Comments concerning a possible independent potassium pump in the cochlear duct. PMID- 7364672 TI - Threshold elevation at high frequencies of the auditory nerve action potentials in acute versus chronic recordings in guinea pigs. AB - Thresholds of the auditory nerve compound action potential (CAP) responses to filtered clicks from 0.5 to 40 kHz, defining a CAP frequency threshold curve, have been determined in the same guinea pigs: (1) in acute conditions, the animal still anesthetized at the end of the operation for permanent implantation of a round-window electrode, and (2) several days later in the implanted awake and unrestrained animal. The results show higher CAP thresholds for high frequencies in acute conditions as compared to chronic recordings. This difference appears above about 12.5 kHz and increases progressively to around 40 dB at 40 kHz. Similar effects, although somewhat less pronounced, were observed during anesthesia alone in already implanted guinea pigs. Thes observations could explain the discrepancies which appear between electrophysiological thresholds, acutely recorded either from single fibers or whole-nerve responses, and behavioral audiograms. Moreover, in the accurate evaluation of the cochlea, slight impairments may be masked by this phenomenon as illustrated in guinea pigs treated with low doses of ototoxic antibiotic. PMID- 7364673 TI - Nutrition and management of early weaned pigs: effect of increased nutrient concentrations and (or) supplemental liquid feeding. AB - Four experiments involving a total of 304 crossbred pigs weaned at 3 to 4 weeks of age were conducted to examine the effect of feeding supplemental liquid milk two to three times daily at weaning and (or) of altering the nutrient composition of the weaning diet. In addition, the effects on postweaning performance of preconditioning young pigs to supplemental milk feeding in the farrowing house were determined. Performance immediately postweaning was poor and was characterized by low weight gains and low feed intakes for approximately 7 days. Increasing the protein and (or) energy concentrations in the weaning diet had no beneficial effect on pig performance in Exp. 1. Feeding supplemental cow's milk three times daily for 4 days postweaning and (or) adding fat to the dry weaning diet also had no beneficial effect on pig performance in Exp. 2. An added milk product to the diet did tend to improve feed efficiency in this experiment. In the third experiment, performance was not affected by supplemental liquid milk feeding three times daily for 7 days and twice daily for an additional 7 days. Additions of 30% nonfat dried milk to the dry diet offered ad libitum did result in improvement in pig performance. Preconditioning of young pigs to supplemental liquid feeding while still nursing the sow resulted in no beneficial response in pig performance immediately postweaning in Exp. 4. PMID- 7364676 TI - Effect of feeding system on performance and carcass characteristics of yearling steers, steer calves and heifer calves. AB - Three types of cattle (Angus x Hereford yearling steers, Charolais x British breed steer calves and Hereford heifer calves) were evaluated for their response to different feeding systems utilizing high moisture corn, corn silage and soybean meal as major feed ingredients. Feeding ing systems for steers included: A = 85% concentrate; B = 40% concentrate; C = two phase, with switch from all corn silage to 85% concentrate in the middle of the feeding period; D = same as C except switch occurred late in the feeding period; E = all corn silage continuously. Heifer diets consisted of the following ratios of corn silage to concentrate: low energy = 89:11; medium energy = 67:33; and high energy = 100 fed at a moderate (10.9% for low energy and medium energy, and 11.7% for high energy) and high (13.8%) crude protein level. Treatments within each experiment were terminated at approximately the same final weight. Increasing percentage corn added to the total diet increased ADG in most comparisons. Adjusted to a constant carcass weight, increasing dietary energy increased fat thickness and reduced percentage retail product with no effect on quality grade in yearling steers and heifer calves. In Charolais cross-steer calves, increasing energy level increased quality grade with no effect on yield grade or percentage retail product. Energetic efficiency slightly favored system C in yearling steers while steer calves maximized efficiency on A. Hereford heifers were the most energetically efficient on medium energy diets. PMID- 7364674 TI - Effect of various levels of monensin on efficiency and production of beef cows. AB - Ninety-six gravid cows were allotted to three replications of four treatments. Monensin treatments consisted of 0, 50, 200 and 300 mg per head per day. The basic feed was meadow hay with .45 kg of barley per head per day. Feed was adjusted periodically to maintain equal weight gain between treatments. Initial cow weights for the control, 50-, 200- and 300-mg treatments were 455, 447, 456 and 457 kg, respectively. Daily prepartum cow gains were .34, .38, .38 and .37 kg (P greater than .05) for the control, 50-, 200- and 300-mg levels, respectively. Treatments were terminated about 30 days after calving. Over the entire treatment period, including 30 days postpartum, daily losses for the cows were .12, .05, .10 and .17 kg (P greater than .05) for the control, 50-, 200- and 300-mg levels, respectively. Hay consumption was 92, 88 and 90% of the controls for the 50-, 200 and 300-mg groups. Adjusted weaning weights for the calves were 124, 134, 129 and 133 (P greater than .05) for the control, 50-, 200- and 300-mg groups, respectively, with calves being weaned at 139 days of age. Control cows came into estrus an average of 44 days postpartum as compared to 44, 41 and 45 days for the cows given 50-, 200- and 300-mg treatments, with no differences in conception rates. Concentration of rumen acetic and butyric acid production was reduced and propionic increased with the 200- and 300-mg levels. Monensin feeding improved efficiency and reduced hay requirements without reducing production or reproductive performance. PMID- 7364675 TI - Induction of parturition in the ewe. AB - One-hundred and seventeen ewes were used in a study of induction of parturition. Ewes were treated with either 2 mg flumethasone (FLU), 15 mg prostaglandin F2 alpha-THAM salt (PGF) or physiological saline (control) on day 141 of gestation, as determined by dates of marking by rams. Eighty-nine percent of the ewes treated with FLU and 33% of the ewes treated with PGF lambed within 72 hr post treatment. More (P less than .01) ewes treated with PGF or FLU lambed within 72 hr than did control ewes. The interval from treatment to parturition was shorter in FLU (P less than .01) and PGF (P less than .05) treated ewes than in ewes given saline. PMID- 7364677 TI - Growth, feed consumption and efficiency of tested boars. AB - Daily gain, daily feed and feed efficiency (F:G) records were analyzed for 305 boar pairs (130 Duroc, 76 Hampshire, 35 Spot and 64 Yorkshire) tested at the Indiana Boar Test Station in 1975 and 1976. Residual phenotypic correlations indicated that faster-gaining pairs were on test fewer days, had larger daily feed intakes, were fatter at 104 kg and required less feed per kilogram gain. Pairs with larger daily feed intakes were on test fewer days, were fatter at 104 kg and required more feed per kilogram gain. At the same daily feed intake, pairs with more backfat tended to have lower daily gains and require more feed per kilogram gain. At the same daily gain level, pairs with more backfat had larger daily feed intakes and required more feed per kilogram gain. At the same feed efficiency level, pairs with larger daily gains had larger daily feed intakes, and pairs with more backfat had larger daily gains and daily feed intakes. At the same backfat level, pairs with larger daily feed intakes required more feed per kilogram gain, and pairs with larger daily gains had larger daily feed intakes and required less feed per kilogram gain. PMID- 7364679 TI - Genetic and maternal environmental factors influencing litter size and reproductive efficiency in mice. AB - Lines of mice which have been genetically differentiated in litter size at birth and 6-week body weight by single-trait or index selection were randomly assigned to be reared in postnatal litter sizes (PLS) of N8, N12 or N16. The lines were selected as follows: large litter size (L+), large 6-week body weight (W+), selection index to decrease litter size and increase 6-week body weight (L-W+), selection index to increase litter size and decrease 6-week weight (L+W-) and random selection (K). Line and PLS differences in female body weight at weaning and 6 weeks were significant (P less than .05), with W+ greater than L+ greater than L-W+ greater than K greater than L+W- and N8 greater than N12 greaater than N16. Although there was a significant interaction between line and PLS, ranking of the lines was the same at each PLS. Females of each line by PLS group were exposed to males of the same group. Line and PLS differences (P less than .05) in female body weight at copulatory plug, adjusted for age, exhibited the same rankings as the earlier weights. Litter size at birth (dead plus alive), number born alive and number born alive per female exposed each revealed similar differences (P less than .05) in the ranking of lines and PLS. No significant interactions were found. Means for litter size were as follows for each line: L+ (17.4) greater than [W+ (14.1), L+W- (14.3)] greater than K (12.0) greater than L W+ (10.8), and for each PLS: [N8 (14.0), N12 (13.9)] greater than N16 (13.2). The decline in litter size as PLS increased did not differ significantly from linearity. Adjusting litter size for body weight at copulatory plug eliminated the significant effect of PLS [N8 (13.9), N12 (13.7), N16 (13.4)]. The established genetic differences in litter size among lines due to selection were considerably larger than the maternal environmental effect due to postnatal litter size. Because of the negligible interaction between line and PLS, valid inferences concerning genetic differences among lines in litter size may be made at any postnatal litter size between eight and 16. PMID- 7364678 TI - Relationships between hemoglobin type and reproduction, lamb, wool and milk production and health-related traits in crossbred ewes. AB - Relationships among hemoglobin (Hb) types and production traits were examined in 294 crossbred ewes from North Country Cheviot, Dorset, Finnsheep and Romney rams, and Suffolk and Columbia-type ewes. Hb BB ewe lambs were youngest at first estrus, while Hb AA ewe lambs were oldest. Ewe lamb fertility was similar for Hb AB and Hb BB ewes, and both were superior to Hb AA ewes. When Finnsheep crossbreds were excluded, from which Hb BB was absent, Hb BB ewes had higher ewe lamb fertility than did Hb AB ewes. There was a minor advantage of the A over the B allele in ewe lamb prolificacy. Hb BB ewes were highest, Hb AB ewes were intermediate and Hb AA ewes were lowest for average fertility, prolificacy per ewe lambing, lambs born per ewe exposed to mating, total number of lambs weaned and total kilograms of lamb weaned. Grease wool production, staple length, fiber diameter grade, incidence of medullated fibers and incidence of cotted fleeces all were similar across Hb types. Likewise, Hb type did not affect milk production or composition. Ewes with Hb AB had the lowest incidence of footrot; Hb AA and Hb BB ewes were similar. Ewes with Hb AA had the lowest fecal parasite egg counts, while ewes with Hb AB or Hb BB were similar. Ewes with Hb AA also had the lowest incidence of mastitis, Hb BB ewes were intermediate and Hb AB ewes were highest. The combination of overdominance (as for footrot resistance), beneficial effects of the A allele on health-related traits (as for mastitis and parasite resistance) and the beneficial effect of the B allele on reproductive traits, if real, could partly explain the genetic polymorphism commonly reported at the Hb locus in sheep. PMID- 7364680 TI - Influence of caffeine on blood creatine phosphokinase levels in swine. AB - Eight stress-susceptible and eight normal pigs weighing 35 to 50 kg were studied to determine if caffeine administration would trigger the stress syndrome and affect blood CPK levels. The pigs were littermates of Yorkshire descent. One gram of caffeine (dissolved in 10 ml of saline-sodium benzoate solution) was infused into the pigs through a jugular catheter at a rate of 1.0 ml/min. Blood samples were collected through the catheter before caffeine administration and at specific intervals up to 8 hr after the caffeine administration for the determination of blood creatine phosphokinase levels. The pigs were sacrificed approximately 48 hr after caffeine administration, and M. longissimus pH and reflectance values were obtained 45 min and 24 hr postmortem. Caffeine administration stimulated the development of the signs associated with the porcine stress syndrome in seven of the eight pigs genetically classified as stress-susceptible, and only one control pig exhibited an early sign of the stress syndrome, muscle tremors. Blood CPK levels did not differ significantly between the normal and stress-susceptible groups until visual signs of the stress syndrome were no longer observed (approximately 45 min after caffeine administration). Stress-susceptible pigs had significantly higher blood CPK levels than controls 45 min after the initial caffeine administration. Physical stress received by the pigs during transport and the stress from being held in a new environment resulted in a greater elevation of blood CPK than did the stress administered through the caffeine infusion. PMID- 7364681 TI - Effect of lactose, copper and iron on manganese retention and tissue distribution in rats fed dextrose-casein diets. AB - The effect of iron, lactose and copper on manganese retention was studied in rats fed two diets. Thirty-six male albino rats (75 to 100 g) were allotted to six groups of six rats each. Three groups received a purified manganese-free dextrose casein diet, and three groups received the same purified diet with 17% lactose added at the expense of dextrose. One group fed each of the above diets received either a manganese-free mineral mixture, the mineral mixture with 5 ppm supplemental Cu or the same mineral mixture with Fe removed. After 7 days on the diets, each rat was given, by gavage, 10 muCi of 54Mn activity as 54MnCl2 in a sodium acetate buffer. On the third day after dosing, the rats were sacrificed and samples of liver, kidneys, semitendinosus muscle, spleen and tibia were taken for stable and radioactive manganese analysis. Lactose added to the purified diet depressed 54Mn retention in all tissues studied. Lactose addition also decreased specific activities of the livers and kidneys but tended to increase stable manganese values. Copper apparently had little direct effect on 54Mn retention but tended to reduce the effect of lactose on 54Mn retention. Omission of Fe greatly increased 54Mn retention values in all tissues studied with or without added lactose. Fe omission also significantly increased the specific activities and stable Mn values of livers and the specific activity of kidneys. The results indicate that low dietary Fe may be a contributing factor to the increased manganese retention observed in this study and a previous study. PMID- 7364682 TI - Ammoniation of corn contaminated with aflatoxin and its effects on growing rats. AB - Corn naturally contaminated with 2,000 ppb total aflatoxin was adjusted to 17% moisture and ammoniated (Am) with 1.5% (w/w) anhydrous ammonia in an attempt at detoxification. The ammonia treatment reduced the detectable concentration to 510 ppb total aflatoxins. Ninety-six male Sprague-Dawley rats (75 g avg) were randomly divided into eight treatment groups with 12 rats per treatment. A fortified 12%-protein corn-soybean meal diet served as the control (C) diet. The corn used in the C diet contained no detectable aflatoxin. Treatment 2 contained 1,670 ppb aflatoxin; treatments 3 and 4 were similar to treatments 1 and 2, respectively, except the corn used was ammoniated. Treatments 5 through 8 contained 830, 420, 210 and 100 ppb total aflatoxin, respectively. Liver weights expressed as a percentage of final live weight were increased (P less than .05) in rats consuming diets containing 1,670 ppb aflatoxin compared to the other treatments. Serum albumin, IgG and IgM concentrations were not affected by ammoniation or by concentration of aflatoxin in the corn. At the end of 4 weeks, total serum protein was increased (P less than .05) in rats consuming diets containing aflatoxin-contaminated (AfC) corn and Am corn compared to those consuming the C diet. Average daily gain and average daily feed consumption were reduced (P less than .01) in rats consuming the diet containing 1,670 ppb aflatoxin. The growth of rats consuming AfC corn that was Am was equal to that of rats consuming a similar concentration of aflatoxin by dilution. From these results and the results of others, it appears that ammoniation of corn contaminated with aflatoxin may be a practical and economical method for detoxification. PMID- 7364683 TI - Valine requirement of the lactating sow. AB - An experiment was conducted using production and metabolic criteria to estimate the valine requirement of the lactating sow. Ground corn, gelatin, corn sugar, vitamins, minerals and indispensable amino acids were used to formulate a diet containing all the essential nutrients except valine. L-valine was added to provide .23 (basal), .38, .53, .68 and .83% valine. Twenty-five mature Landrace x Yorkshire sows were randomly assigned to the five dietary treatments. Milk production and average pig weight gain increased quadratically (P less than .01) and were maximized at .68% dietary valine. Total solids production (p less than .05) and protein production (P less than .01) increased with increasing level of valine, and both were maximized at .68% dietary valine. Protein content also was maximized (P less than .01) at .68% dietary valine. Fecal (P less than .05) and urinary (P less than .01) nitrogen decreased with increasing valine, yielding greatest (P less than .01) nitrogen retention (excluding milk nitrogen) at .53% dietary valine. Because daily milk nitrogen production also increased (P less than .01) with increasing valine, there were no treatment differences (P greater than .05) in nitrogen balance (including milk nitrogen). Plasma valine concentration increased (P less than .01) gradually until .53% valine was fed, after which there was a rapid increase in concentration. Plasma isoleucine and leucine decreased (P less than .01) with increasing dietary valine. Plasma urea concentration was minimal (P less than .05) with .38% dietary valine. When all the criteria measured are considered, the lactating sow's requirement of valine is between .53 and .68%. The metabolic data support .53% dietary valine for the requirement, although the maximum response in production parameters at .68% dietary valine suggests that the requirement is above .53% dietary valine. PMID- 7364684 TI - Histidine, phenylalanine-tyrosine and tryptophan requirements for growth of the young kitten. AB - Growth assays were conducted to estimate the minimal dietary requirement levels of histidine, tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine for the young kitten. Dietary concentrations of histidine and tryptophan of .30 and .15%, respectively, were found to support optimal kitten performance. A preliminary study of the total aromatic amino acid (TAAA) requirement indicated that no more than 1.20% TAAA (.60% phenylalanine + .60% tyrosine) is required by the kitten. Subsequent experiments revealed no decrease in growth rate when TAAA were reduced to 1.00% of the diet. At this level of TAAA, tyrosine could supply 50% of the requirement for TAAA. PMID- 7364685 TI - Induction of abortion in mares with equimate: effect on secretion of progesterone, PMSG and reproductive performance. AB - Thirty-two light-horse mares were confirmed to be pregnant and assigned to one of four treatments: (1) injected with 250 micrograms of Equimate on day 70 and again on day 77 if abortion had not occurred; (2) injected with 250 micrograms of Equimate on day 70 and every 24 hr until abortion occurred (maximum four injections); (3) injected with 250 micrograms of Equimate on day 70 and every 12 hr until abortion (maximum eight injections); and (4) injected with 250 micrograms of Equimate once only on day 35 of gestation. Mares were observed four times daily for incidence of abortion or side effects. Estrual behavior was monitored daily and follicular activity either daily or every third or fourth day until estrus and ovulation. Samples of jugular blood were obtained at 0600 hr day -1 and every 6 hr until the first day of estrus after abortion, or for 2 weeks after abortion if estrus had not occurred, or for 1 week after treatment for mares that had not aborted. A single injection of Equimate terminated pregnancy in all but one mare injected on day 35, but none of the mares given an injection on day 70 and 77 aborted. Multiple injections of Equimate beginning on day 70 of gestation terminated pregnancy in all mares. Fewer (P less than .05) injections were required for abortion of mares injected daily. During the immediate week post-treatment, concentrations of progesterone decreased (P less than .05) in all mares injected with Equimate, but overall concentrations were greater (P less than .05) for mares injected once on day 70 than for those in the other three groups. Equimate did not affect secretion of PMSG in the day 70 group of mares. Estrus and ovulation after abortion were delayed (P less than 0.05) for mares injected daily or twice daily beginning on day 70 compared to those injected once on day 35. Thus, rebreeding of these mares during the same breeding season in which they were aborted would be difficult. PMID- 7364686 TI - Glucocorticoid levels in blood plasma of normal and preketotic cows. AB - Twenty pregnant cows were kept in two feeding groups. Feeding regimens were designed to induce high milk production (16 kg milk/day) in group I and low production (2 kg/day) in group II. Milk weights were corrected for fat content. After onset of lactation, each cow was fed according to actual production level. Four cows from group I and two from group II developed clinical ketosis during the first few weeks of lactation. Blood taken weekly from all animals from about 2 weeks before until an average of 7 weeks after parturition was assayed for glucocorticoids, glucose and ketone bodies. Average plasma cortisol concentration for both groups was 4.5 +/- 2.6 ng/ml (range from 0 to 13 ng/ml). Plasma cortisol levels in cows which later developed clinical ketosis were not different from those in cows that remained healthy. There was, however, a positive correlation between blood glucose and plasma cortisol, and a negative correlation between blood ketone bodies and plasma cortisol. The findings suggest that adrenal cortical activity is interrelated with onset of ketosis although plasma cortisol levels appear unsuitable for identifying ketotic cows prior to clinical manifestation of the disorder. PMID- 7364687 TI - Slow ammonia release from urea: rumen and metabolism studies. AB - A new slow-release urea (SRU) made by coating prilled urea with a tung oil linseed oil-talc-catalyst mixture was evaluated for ammonia-nitrogen release rate, animal acceptability, toxicity and effects on dry matter digestibility, diet intake and nitrogen retention. When added at a level equal to 1% urea in an 80% concentrate steer diet and fed twice daily, SRU gave a ruminal ammonia nitrogen peak 1 hr postfeeding of 32 mg/dl compared to a peak from prilled urea of 53 mg/dl at 30 minutes. Bi-hourly feeding of prilled urea and SRU produced similar rumen ammonia-nitrogen levels and demonstrated that SRU was almost completely hydrolyzed in the rumen. Steers fasted for 26 hr and refed with supplements containing 10% urea from prilled urea had rumen ammonia levels of 120 ml/dl and showed muscle tremors 35 min after feeding. Rumen ammonia levels of steers fed equivalent urea from SRU remained below 35 ml/dl and exhibited no toxicity symptoms. Sheep fed ad libitum cottonseed hulls were offered a supplement containing 5% or 10% urea from urea or SRU once daily. Intake of SRU supplement was 7 and 17% greater, while cottonseed hull intakes were similar for sheep fed urea or SRU at the 5 and 10% levels. In a nitrogen balance trial, steers were fed ad libitum cottonseed hulls unsupplemented or supplemented with isonitrogenous amounts of SRU, prilled urea or soybean meal. Added nitrogen from all sources increased cottonseed hull intake. Steers fed SRU consumed more (P less than .05) cottonseed hulls than steers fed urea. Dry matter digestibility and nitrogen retention values tended to be highest for steers fed soybean meal supplement with little difference noted between prilled urea and SRU supplements. PMID- 7364688 TI - Electrodiagnostic evaluation of hypomagnesemia in sheep. AB - Experiments were conducted to permit electrophysiological characterization of hypomagnesemia in sheep. For 6 weeks, adult wethers were fed: (1) a diet deficient in magnesium and calcium, (2) a diet deficient in magnesium, (3) a diet deficient in calcium and (4) a control diet. Weekly blood samples were collected to determine plasma concentrations of calcium (CA++), magnesium (Mg++) and potassium (K+). During the 6-week feeding period, electromyography (EMG), nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and strength-duration (S-D) determinations were conducted. At the end of a 6-week period, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples also were taken from the cisterna magna and analyzed for Ca++, Mg++ and K+. The control plasma Mg++ concentration was 2.2 mg/100 ml. There was a depression (P less than .05) in plasma Mg++ in sheep that were fed diets deficient in Mg++ or deficient in Mg++ or Ca++. Plasma Mg++ concentrations in these two groups were .79 and .95 mg/100 ml, respectively, by the last week of diet feeding. EMGs performed during magnesium depletion were normal. In hypomagnesemic sheep, neither motor unit potentials (MUP) resulting from induced voluntary movement nor muscle-evoked potentials (EP) resulting from motor nerve stimulation showed differences (P less than .05) from those in control animals. NCV and muscle excitability (as evaluated by S-D curves) were normal in all sheep. CSF Ca++, Mg++ and K+ were not altered (P less than .05) in sheep fed any of the four diets. PMID- 7364689 TI - Control of wheat-induced lactic acidosis in sheep by thiopeptin and related antibiotics. AB - Thiopeptin, thiopeptin-like antibiotics and penicillin were shown previously to be highly active in vitro against Streptococcus bovis, the microorganism believed to be responsible for the initiation of ruminal lactic acidosis. The purpose of this work was to determine the efficacy of these antibiotics in preventing lactic acidosis in lambs challenged by intraruminal administration of ground wheat. Lambs, which were fasted and then given ground wheat at 40 g/kg body weight, showed dramatic increases in rumen and plasma lactate over the 30-hr experimental period. Rumen lactate increased from .2 to peak levels of approximately 150 mumoles/ml by 8 to 10 hr after wheat administration. Plasma lactate increased after rumen lactate was elevated and lambs succumbed when plasma levels exceeded 15 mumoles/ml. Ruminal volatile fatty acids were greatly reduced as rumen lactate increased. Over half of the lambs given ground wheat died within 30 hours. Thiopeptin given as a single dose completely prevented lactic acidosis by reducing rumen lactate 80 to 90%. In addition, thiopeptin permitted "normal" rumen fermentation to continue as indicated by a significant increase in volatile fatty acids. The minimum effective dose of thiopeptin to control acute lactic acidosis was .18 mg/kg body weight. Other members of the thiopeptin class, including sulfomycin, sporangiomycin, siomycin and taitomycin, prevented lactic acidosis in a manner similar to thiopeptin. Penicillin, however, inhibited ruminal volatile fatty acid production as well as lactate synthesis. In addition, the effective period for penicillin in the rumen was only 8 to 16 hr, after which lactate fermentation was reestablished. Thus, thiopeptin and thiopeptin-like antibiotics, but not penicillin, appear to provide prophylactic treatment against lactic acidosis in sheep. PMID- 7364690 TI - Teaching mentally retarded adults to time-manage in a vocational setting. AB - Three retarded adults who had minimal ability to tell time were trained to "time manage." Each was given a card with clock face representations on which the hands of the clock were drawn, representing each trainee's assigned lunch and break times. Instruction was given before work to perform each of the required behaviors when the "real" clock matched the clock faces. Praise was given following correct responses, and reprimands, instruction, and, in some instances, delay or omission of the scheduled activity followed incorrect responses. Pre instruction and instructional feedback were then sequentially withdrawn. Results indicated that the package consisting of pre-instruction, instructional feedback, and picture cues was effective in producing independent time management responding. When the first two components were withdrawn, two trainees maintained high levels of correct responding. Correct responding decreased for one trainee when pre-instruction was withdrawn. Reintroduction and subsequent withdrawal of the components resulted in maintenance by this trainee. Little improvement in time-telling ability resulted. PMID- 7364691 TI - Peer tutoring with or without home-based reinforcement, for reading remediation. AB - An operant-based corrective reading program was established to study effectiveness of peer tutoring in the school, for reading deficient children. Sixty-nine second to fourth grade students were matched on measures of initial reading ability and level of reading retardation, and randomly assigned to three groups: Peer Tutoring Only, Peer Tutoring with Home Based Reinforcement, and Control. SRA materials were used in training for the experimental groups, supplemented with additional reading materials. The program continued for 15 weeks, in seven public schools. Changes in oral reading accuracy and comprehansion were assessed. Both reading and comprehension were significantly increased by peer tutoring, relative to the control group. The addition of home based reinforcement doubled this increase. The measured gain in oral reading, based upon standardized testing, was 0.19 years for the controls and 1.27 years for peer tutoring with home-based reinforcement. Internal measures of gain showed similar results, and comprehension gains were also comparable. A high rate of compliance with the tutoring program was maintained by the tutors. High ratings of satisfaction were obtained for the program, from all groups of participants. The feasibility of the program for application in the school system is discussed. PMID- 7364692 TI - A comparison of the effects of fixed and variable ratio schedules of reinforcement on the behavior of deaf children. AB - The performance of all five students in an adjustment class for deaf children was compared under fixed and variable ratio schedules of reinforcement. During the fixed ratio (FR) condition, students earned checks if they were attentive and did not engage in disruptive behavior. These checks could be exchanged for the opportunity to draw a prize from a grab bag. During the variable ratio (VR) condition, they earned a draw from the grab bag according to a variable ratio schedule with a mean ratio equal to the value of the preceding FR schedule. During the VR condition, students visually attended more and engaged in disruptive behavior less often than during the FR condition. The number of math problems completed per minute was also higher during the VR condition although no specific consequences were applied to math performance. PMID- 7364693 TI - In vivo effects of peer modeling on drinking rate. AB - One female subject drank beer with four female confederate models and two participant observers in a small town tavern. A single subject repeated measures reversal design was used. Condition 1 indicated subject baseline drinking rate. For the first intervention one confederate modeled at a rate 50% less than the subject's baseline rate. Interventions II and III were identical to Intervention I except that two confederates modeled at a rate 50% less than the subject's baseline rate for Intervention II and four confederates modeled at a rate 50% less than the subject's baseline rate for Intervention III. Interventions were separated by returns to baseline. The study was concluded with a final return to baseline. There was no change in subject drinking rate as a function of either one or two confederates modeling the 50% rate. However, when four models drank at the lower rate, subject drinking rate matched that of the four confederate models. Implications and suggestions for further research on modeling are presented. PMID- 7364694 TI - The effects of interspersal training versus high-density reinforcement on spelling acquisition and retention. AB - This study investigated the effects of interspersing known items during spelling instruction on new words for three mentally retarded students. Following a baseline consisting of the presentation of 10 test words per session, a multielement design was implemented. During interspersal training sessions, previously mastered words were presented alternately with each of 10 test words. During high-density reinforcement sessions, 10 test words were presented and additional reinforcement was provided for task-related behaviors. Throughout all conditions, test words were deleted and replaced after meeting a mastery criterion. Periodic retention tests were administered over mastered words and a cumulative retention test was administered at the end of the experiment. Results showed that high-density reinforcement did facilitate performance over baseline; however, intersperal training was superior to the other conditions in terms of both acquisition rate and short- and long-term retention. In addition, students preferred the interspersal condition when offered a choice. PMID- 7364695 TI - Enhancing social interactions and activity among the elderly through stimulus control. AB - The present study investigated the effectiveness of a stimulus control procedure (access to free coffee and cookies) in increasing attendance and interactions among elderly in a lounge area of a nursing home. Following a baseline period, residents were provided access to coffee and cookies. The results showed that the refreshments were effective in increasing attendance and interactions and in decreasing television watching. In addition, attendance and participation during a subsequent activity session increased. Attendance, interactions, and participation decreased during a return to baseline period, and increased again with reimplementation of treatment. PMID- 7364696 TI - Application of a social skills training program in the modification of interpersonal deficits among retarded adults: a clinical replication. AB - Six mentally retarded adults, equally divided into two treatment groups, were provided with individualized social skills training programs. Treatment, evaluated via a multiple-baseline design strategy, was sequentially and cumulatively applied across target behaviors over a four-week intervention period. Behavioral observation probes and social validation measures served as the primary dependent variables. Results indicated that (a) treatment was effective for virtually all behaviors across all subjects, (b) improvements occurred for both training and generalization scenes, and (c) behavioral performance was maintained one month following the termination of treatment. PMID- 7364697 TI - A supervisory strategy to improve work performance for lower functioning retarded clients in a sheltered workshop. AB - A multiple component strategy was investigated for aiding staff responsible for supervising production of lower functioning retarded clients on contract tasks in an institution-based sheltered workshop. The strategy was assessed in a combined multi-element, multiple baseline across groups design with a reversal component. Production performance increased during the production supervisory strategy with all 16 clients, with the range of increase varying from a few percentage points to 150% of baseline production. Both the clients and staff (responsible for conducting the research) preferred working under experimental conditions rather than under baseline conditions which approximated those found in "typical" sheltered workshops. PMID- 7364698 TI - Pills or skills for hyperactive children. AB - The controversial nature of drug treatment of hyperactivity, the incidence and sequelae of hyperactivity, and problems of differential diagnosis of hyperactivity versus aggression were discussed. The effects of psychostimulant medication and behavior therapy on hyperactive children were reviewed with regard to effects on their social and academic behavior. Both treatments have resulted in clear short-term changes in social behavior but neither long-term academic nor long-term social effects have been shown with either treatment. Short-term effects on academic behavior have resulted from behavioral interventions but not from psychostimulants. However, the interventions have been too brief to allow one to draw unequivocal conclusions about the clinical efficacy of behavioral treatments. Although there have been long-term evaluations of psychostimulant therapy, there have not been any evaluations of long-term behavioral treatment programs for hyperactive children. Given the salutary short-term effects of behavior therapy with hyperactive children, extended clinical trials of behavior therapy need to be conducted. Finally, specific directions are suggested for future research. PMID- 7364699 TI - Solitary toy play and time out: a family treatment package for children with aggressive and oppositional behavior. AB - The behavior of four boys, 5 to 8 years of age, who were referred for a number of oppositional, rule violating, and aggressive behaviors, was assessed by direct observation and parent reports. Following baseline measurement, several interventions were successively applied to each child's behavior. Use of a social play contract to reduce problem behaviors by teaching appropriate social behaviors resulted either in no improvement or in worsening of the problem behaviors in observations made when the contract was not in effect. Changing the contract behavior to solitary toy play resulted in reduced oppositional behavior during the observation sessions, fewer reports from the parents of low-rate problem behaviors, and improvements in the parents' attitudes toward the children. However, these changes during the observation sessions were short lived, because the data on these measures began to show a reversal during later sessions. Inclusion of a time-out contingency with the solitary play contract recovered the earlier improvements in the children's behavior during observation sessions and the parents' reports. These results gave support to the view that for children whose behavior is severely oppositional and aggressive, a treatment approach emphasizing productive, solitary behaviors may be superior to one stressing appropriate social interaction. However, a combined strategy of reinforcement for solitary play and punishment for problem behaviors appears necessary to ensure more durable treatment effects. PMID- 7364700 TI - Reducing child uncooperative behavior during dental treatment through modeling and reinforcement. AB - The uncooperative behavior of grade-school children during dental treatment was examined. Forty children enrolled in a government dental program were observed during treatment conditions involving instructions concerning the appropriate behavior required by the dental practitioner, description of the objective procedures and subjective experience the child could expect, praise for appropriate behavior, and a colorful stamp for coming to the clinic. Eight of these children whose behavior was still too disruptive for effective dentistry were formally introduced to additional intervention procedures of tangible consequences for cooperative behavior, and observation of peers and by peers during actual dental treatment. Within a multiple baseline design, the intervention conditions were effective in decreasing the children's uncooperative behavior to acceptable levels. PMID- 7364702 TI - Individual differences in electrodermal lability and the detection of information and deception. PMID- 7364701 TI - Intertrial interval duration and learning in autistic children. AB - This study investigated the influence of intertrial interval duration on the performance of autistic children during teaching situations. The children were taught under the same conditions existing in their regular programs, except that the length of time between trials was systematically manipulated. With both multiple baseline and repeated reversal designs, two lengths of intertrial interval were employed; short intervals with the SD for any given trial presented approximately one second following the reinforcer for the previous trial versus long intervals with the SD presented four or more seconds following the reinforcer for the previous trial. The results showed that: (1) the short intertrial intervals always produced higher levels of correct responding than the long intervals; and (2) there were improving trends in performance and rapid acquisition with the short intertrial intervals, in contrast to minimal or no change with the long intervals. The results are discussed in terms of utilizing information about child and task characteristics in terms of selecting optimal intervals. The data suggest that manipulations made between trials have a large influence on autistic children's learning. PMID- 7364703 TI - Comprehending spatial information: the relative efficiency of different methods of presenting information about bus routes. PMID- 7364704 TI - Long-term auditory memory: speaker identification. PMID- 7364705 TI - Effects of the length of a rest break and food intake on subsidiary reaction-time performance in an 8-hour driving task. PMID- 7364706 TI - Changes in social density: relationships with functional interaction and perceptions of job characteristics, role stress, and work satisfaction. PMID- 7364707 TI - Interview behaviors of mentally retarded adults as predictors of employability. PMID- 7364708 TI - Impact of expert psychological testimony on the unreliability of eyewitness identification. PMID- 7364709 TI - Safety climate in industrial organizations: theoretical and applied implications. PMID- 7364710 TI - Biorhythms: their utility for predicting postoperative recuperative time, death, and athletic performance. PMID- 7364711 TI - Effects of noise on performance on embedded figures tasks. PMID- 7364712 TI - Catabolism of aromatic acids in Trichosporon cutaneum. AB - Trichosporon cutaneum readily metabolized protocatechuate, homoprotocatechuate, and gentisate, but lacked ring fission dioxygenases for these compounds. Benzoic, salicylic, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic, and gentisic acids were converted into beta ketoadipic acid before entry into the Krebs cycle. Benzoic acid gave rise successively to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, and hydroxyquinol (1,3,4-trihydroxybenzene), which underwent ring fission to maleylacetic acid. Salicylate and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate were both initially metabolized to give catechol. 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoate was the substrate for a specific nonoxidative decarboxylase induced by salicylate, although 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate was not a catabolite of salicylate. Gentisate was metabolized to maleylacetic acid and was also readily attacked by salicylate hydroxylase at each stage of a partial purification procedure. Phenylacetic acid was degraded through 3 hydroxyphenylacetic, homogentisic, and maleylacetoacetic acids to acetoacetic and fumaric acids. All the reactions of these catabolic sequences were catalyzed by cell extracts, supplemented with reduced pyridine nucleotide coenzymes where necessary, except for the hydroxylations of benzoic and phenylacetic acids which were demonstrated with cell suspensions and isotopically labeled substrates. PMID- 7364713 TI - High-frequency heterokaryon formation by Mucor racemosus. AB - Heterokaryons from Mucor racemosus were produced from two auxotrophic strains of the fungus. Germlings were converted to spheroplasts by using commercial chitinase and purified Myxobacter AL-1 chitosanase. Spheroplasts from the auxotrophic strains were mixed and fused in solutions of polyethylene glycol and CaCl2. Under optimal conditions, prototrophic heterokaryons were formed at a frequency of about 5%. PMID- 7364716 TI - Origin of hydrogen in methane produced by Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. AB - The production of deuterated methane by Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum in H2O-D2O mixtures was examined by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The hydrogen in the methane arose solely from water and not from hydrogen gas. Hydrogen gas served only as an electron source in methanogenesis. A whole-cell product isotope discrimination of 1.5 favoring hydrogen over deuterium was observed in methane production in 81 atom% deuterated water. The distribution of deuterated methane species is described by a simple model of the overall reaction. PMID- 7364715 TI - Presence of two subunit types in ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from Thiobacillus intermedius. AB - Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39) has been purified to homogeneity from glutamate-CO2-thiosulfate-grown Thiobacillus intermedius by pelleting the protein from the 93,000 X g supernatant fluid followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation and sedimentation into a discontinuous sucrose density gradient. The molecular weight of the native protein approximated that of the higher plant enzyme (550,000) based on its relative electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide disc gels compared with that of standards of known molecular weight, including crystalline tobacco ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. Sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis in 12% polyacrylamide disc gels and Sephadex G-100 chromatography in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate indicated that the purified Thiobacillus protein, like the tobacco enzyme, consisted of two types of nonidentical subunits. The molecular weights of the large and small subunits were estimated to be about 55,000 and 13,000, respectively, by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The carboxylase activity of the protein purified from spinach leaves and T. intermedius responded similarly to the effectors reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and 6 phosphogluconate. Contrary to a previous report (K. Purohit, B. A. McFadden, and A. L. Cohen, J. Bacteriol. 127:505-515, 1976), these results indicate that ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase purified from Thiobacillus intermedius closely resembles the higher plant enzyme with respect to quaternary structure, molecular weight, and regulatory properties. PMID- 7364714 TI - Regulation of cholera toxin production in Vibrio cholerae: genetic analysis of phenotypic instability in hypertoxinogenic mutants. AB - Hypertoxinogenic mutants of Vibrio cholerae frequently possess mutations in a chromosomal locus called htx. Spontaneously occurring phenotypic revertants were shown to fall into three classes. One class retained the htx mutation and therefore represented a second-site mutation(s) capable of suppressing the Htx phenotype, whereas the other two classes represented strains that had lost the htx mutation. One of the latter two classes appeared to be composed of true genetic revertants, whereas the third class consisted of clones that had replaced htx with a new mutation conferring a hypotoxinogenic phenotype. Several rare N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced hypotoxinogenic mutants selected by rif comutation also map in the same region as htx. This new locus, which mediates the hypotoxinogenic phenotype in these trains and potentially in some hypertoxinogenic phenotypic revertants, has been designated ltx. htx and ltx appear to be regulatory loci, since mutations in both sites alter the level of cholera toxin A and B subunit production coordinately. The genetic data also support a model in which htx- and ltx- are allelic states of the same Tox regulatory locus. PMID- 7364717 TI - Behavioral mutants of Rhizobium meliloti. AB - Rhizobium meliloti exhibited behavior resembling that of other chemotactic bacteria. Nonflagellated, nonmotile but flagellated, and nonchemotactic mutants were isolated, and genetic mapping placed all three types of lesions within a small region of the R. Meliloti chromosome. Results from nodulation experiments performed with these mutants indicate that members of the three classes (Fla-, Mot-, and Che-) infect and produce as many nodules on alfalfa plants as does the wild-type strain. PMID- 7364718 TI - Modifications of the envelope of Chlamydia psittaci during its developmental cycle: freeze-fracture study of complementary replicas. AB - Examination of complementary replicas obtained by freeze-fracture of Chlamydia psittaci revealed, at the level of the plasma membrane, a progressive differentiation of "crate-like formations," which likely correspond to transmembranal pores. Recognition of "early" and "late" stages observed in the intermediate bodies permitted detailed study of the developmental cycle of this chlamydia. PMID- 7364719 TI - Isolation and characterization of outer and inner membranes of Selenomonas ruminantium: lipid compositions. AB - The isolation procedure and characterization of the outer and inner membranes from Selenomonas ruminatium cells, a strictly anaerobic bacterium, are described. The metabolic fate of [14C]decanoate incorporated into the outer and inner membranes was examined. The percent distribution of radioactivities in the outer and inner membranes was about 40 and 50% of the total incorporated activity, respectively. Approximately 47% of the radioactivity incorporated into the outer membrane was recovered in the phospholipid fraction, and the remaining radioactivity was found in both aqueous and phenol layers when the outer membrane was treated with phenol-water. In contrast to [14C]decanoate, the percent distribution of [3H]glycerol in the outer and inner membranes was about 25 and 70% of the total incorporated activity, respectively. Most of the assimilated 3H was located in the phospholipid fraction of both membranes. However, no significant label was detected in either the protein or cell wall fraction. The following observations were made concerning lipid compositions in the outer and inner membranes by chemical and isotopic analyses. (i) The outer and inner membranes contained no detectable phosphatidyl glycerol or cardiolipin. (ii) A prominent radioactive compound, designated band III lipid, was found mainly in the outer membrane as a major radioactive spot when cells were grown with [14C]decanoate. This lipid contained phosphorus, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid and 3-OH fatty acid but no detectable glycerol. This lipid was identified tentatively to be 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid-lipid A. (iii) Although the ubiquity of phosphatidyl ethanolamine plasmalogen in both outer and inner membranes was confirmed, the occurrence of the molecular species of phosphatidyl ethanolamine plasmalogen was quite different in the outer and inner membranes. PMID- 7364720 TI - Outer membrane proteins and cell surface structure of Selenomonas ruminantium. AB - The protein compositions of the membrane preparations from Selenomonas ruminantium grown in glucose or lactate medium were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate- and two-dimensional (first, isoelectric focusing; second, sodium dodecyl sulfate) polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. The outer membrane from both glucose- and lactate-grown cells contained two major proteins with apparent molecular weights of 42,000 and 40,000. These proteins existed as peptidoglycan associated proteins in the outer membrane. The critical temperature at which they were dissociated completely into the monomeric subunits of 42,000 and 40,000 daltons was found to be 85 degrees C. The amount of each protein varied considerably depending upon the cultural conditions. The absence of the lipoprotein of Braun in S. ruminantium was suggested in our preceding paper (Y. Kamio, and H. Takahashi, J. Bacteriol. 141:888--898, 1980), and the possible absence of the protein components corresponding to the Braun lipoprotein in this strain was confirmed by electrophoretic analysis of the outer membrane and the lysozyme-treated peptidoglycan fractions. Examination of the cell surface of S. ruminantium by electron microscopy showed that the outer membrane formed a wrinkled surface with irregular blebs, some of which pinched off forming vesicles of various sizes. Rapid cell lysis occurred with the addition of a low level of lysozyme to the cell suspension. These findings led us to conclude that the physiological and morphological properties of this strain were similar to those of "deep rough" and mlp or lpo mutants of Escherichia coli K-12, respectively. PMID- 7364721 TI - Dictyostelium discoideum fruiting bodies observed by scanning electron microscopy. AB - The fruiting bodies of Dictyostelium discoideum, fixed in a vapor of 25% glutaraldehyde, were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The surface of the basal disk had rootlike ripples, sometimes with concentric rings of riblike striations at its periphery. The surface of the stalk had pleated and twisted ridges along its entire length, but no lateral projections. The spores were randomly orientated and had a crinkled surface. The surface of the lower part of the papilla had flattened ridges running horizontally. A slime coat remained in the region of transition between the stalk and sporangium, but not on the spores. PMID- 7364722 TI - Infection and nodulation of clover by nonmotile Rhizobium trifolii. AB - Nonmotile mutants of Rhizobium trifolii were isolated to determine whether bacterial motility is required for the infection and nodulation of clover. The nonmotile mutants were screened for their ability to infect and nodulate clover seedlings in Fahraeus glass slide assemblies, plastic growth pouches, and vermiculite-sand-filled clay pots. In each system, the nonmotile mutants were able to infect and nodulate clover. PMID- 7364723 TI - Induction of synchronous growth in the yeast phase of Wangiella dermatitidis. AB - Synchronous yeast-phase cultures of Wangiella dermatitidis were induced by starvation, heat shock, and inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by hydroxyurea. Hydroxyurea-induced synchrony resulted in some distortion of the yeast-phase cell cycle. However, induction of synchrony by hydroxyurea is a rapid and simple technique which generates a marked degree of synchronous growth. PMID- 7364724 TI - Metabolism of naphthalene by pseudomonads: salicylaldehyde as the first possible inducer in the metabolic pathway. AB - Pseudomonas ATCC 17483 produced enzymes for naphthalene metabolism when growing in a medium containing succinate and naphthalene. Mutants for naphthalene metabolism produced by treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine were able to produce these enzymes only when the metabolic pathway was intact as far as salicylaldehyde, which was therefore identified as the first possible inducer. PMID- 7364725 TI - Diversity among B6 strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. AB - A total of 20 laboratory substrains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain B6 were compared with respect to six characteristics, including 3-ketolactose production, lysogeny, octopine catabolism, tumorigenic host range, and plasmid content. Within this group of strains diversity was found for all characteristics except 3 ketolactose production. Six substrains were lysogenized with an omega-type phage, whereas one substrain appeared neither sensitive to nor lysogenized with this bacteriophage. All but two substrains catabolized octopine and induced tumors on carrot disks. These 18 substrains harbor deoxyribonucleic acid sequences homologous to pTiB6-806. The two substrains unable to catabolize octopine were nontumorigenic and lacked detectable Ti plasmid sequences. Of the 20 substrains, 13 also contained sequences homologous to the cryptic plasmid pAtB6-806; 2 of the 18 substrains tumorigenic on carrots failed to induce tumors on Kalanchoe leaves. Their inability to induced tumors on this host, could not be correlated with lysogeny, with the presence or absence of pAtB6-806, or with the very large cryptic plasmid recently described. The Ti plasmids from these two strains were indistinguishable from pTiB6-806 by restriction enzyme analysis and could genetically convert a cured A. tumefaciens strain to tumorigenicity on both plant species. The results with these two strains suggest that parameters of tumorigenicity, such as host range, may be controlled by the bacterial chromosome. PMID- 7364726 TI - Polymethylpolysaccharide synthesis in an ethionine-resistant mutant of Mycobacterium smegmatis. AB - Mutants of Mycobacterium smegmatis were selected for resistance to ethionine in an effort to obtain methylation-defective strains that were altered in their ability to make methylmannose polysaccharides (MMP) or methylglucose lipopolysaccharides. Two methods were developed for the detection of MMP in cell extracts to aid in the screening for potential mutants, one a qualitative procedure based on iodine binding by the sample after paper chromatography and the other a quantitative procedure based on fluorimetric titration of the MMP with parinaric acid. An ethionine-resistant mutant was obtained that contained only about 25% of the normal level of S-adenosylmethionine and 10% of the normal level of methionine adenosyltransferase (adenosine 5'-triphosphate:L-methionine S adenosyltransferase, EC 2.5.1.6) activity. When grown in the presence of 0.1% ethionine, the mutant cells contained about 50% of the wild-type levels of methylglucose lipopolysaccharides but only about 7% of the normal level of MMP (wild-type cells contain about 0.14 mM MMP and the mutant contains about 0.01 mM MMP). The amount of fatty acid synthesis in the ethionine-resistant mutant grown in the presence of ethionine was not dramatically altered although the mutant accumulated more short-chain and less long-chain unsaturated fatty acids than the wild-type cells. PMID- 7364727 TI - Inhibition of transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae by lysogeny. AB - Streptococcus pneumoniae R6X was lysogenized with bacteriophage 304 isolated after mitomycin induction of an ungrouped alpha-hemolytic streptococcus. Lysogenized pneumococci lost their capacity to undergo genetic transformation: transformability was restored after cells were spontaneously cured of their prophage. Both lysogens and nonlysogens produced activator substance (competence factor), and both bound deoxyribonucleic acid in a deoxyribonuclease-resistant form. However, nonlysogens retained deoxyribonucleic acid after washing, whereas lysogens did not. The latter did not liberate phage nor (unlike nonlysogens) degrade transforming deoxyribonucleic acid and contained normal levels of endonuclease. PMID- 7364728 TI - Characterization of a pyridine nucleotide-nonspecific glutamate dehydrogenase from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. AB - An oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate/oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADP+/NAD+) nonspecific L-glutamate dehydrogenase from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was purified 40-fold (NADP+ or NAD+ activity) over crude cell extract by heat treatment, (NH4)2SO2 fractionation, diethylaminoethyl cellulose, Bio-Gel A 1.5m, and hydroxylapatite chromatography. Both NADP+- and NAD+-dependent activities coeluted from all chromatographic treatments. Moreover, a constant ratio of NADP+/NAD+ specific activities was demonstrated at each purification step. Both activities also comigrated in 6% nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. Affinity chromatography of the 40-fold-purified enzyme using Procion RED HE-3B gave a preparation containing both NADP+- and NAD+-linked activities which showed a single protein band of 48,5000 molecular weight after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. The dual pyridine nucleotide nature of the enzyme was most readily apparent in the oxidative direction. Reductively, the enzyme was 30-fold more active with reduced NADP than with reduced NAD. Nonlinear concave 1/V versus 1/S plots were observed for reduced NADP and NH4Cl. Salts (0.1 M) stimulated the NADP+-linked reaction, inhibited the NAD+-linked reaction, and had little effect on the reduced NADP dependent reaction. The stimulatory effect of salts (NADP+) was nonspecific, regardless of the anion or cation, whereas the degree of NAD+-linked inhibition decreased in the order to I- greater than Br- greater than Cl- greater than F-. Both NADP+ and NAD+ glutamate dehydrogenase activities were also detected in cell extracts from representative strains of other bacteroides deoxyribonucleic acid homology groups. PMID- 7364729 TI - Differential synthesis of polypeptides during morphogenesis of Mucor. AB - The extent of differential gene expression during morphogenesis of Mucor racemosus was investigated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of neutral and acidic polypeptides. Cellular proteins were labeled with [35S]methionine in cells growing in either the yeast or hyphal form, or in yeast cells undergoing the transition of hyphae. The results showed that of the 400 to 500 polypeptides resolved by electrophoresis, relatively few were specific to one or the other morphological form. The major change in the patterns of proteins synthesized during morphogenesis was a change in rates of synthesis of individual polypeptides. Experiments in which morphogenesis was affected under aerobic or anaerobic conditions showed that the majority of changes in the protein patterns were associated with morphogenesis and were not a specific response to O2. PMID- 7364730 TI - Rhizobium leguminosarum mutants incapable of normal extracellular polysaccharide production. AB - Mutants of Rhizobium leguminosarum which are deficient in normal polysaccharide production have been isolated and characterized. A correlation between diminished production of extracellular polysaccharide and reduced infection and nodulation efficiency has been observed. PMID- 7364731 TI - Cysteine synthesis by Desulfovibrio vulgaris extracts. AB - Extracts of Desulfovibrio vulgaris were found to contain serine transacetylase and cysteine synthase activities. When extracts were incubated with bisulfite and o-acetylserine, or acetyl coenzyme A plus L-serine, under a hydrogen atmosphere, cysteine was formed. Pyruvate served as a reductant for bisulfite reduction to sulfide and concomitantly provided the acetyl moiety for acetyl coenzyme A formation. Consequently, when extracts were incubated with pyruvate, bisulfite, and L-serine, cysteine synthesis resulted. PMID- 7364733 TI - Emergency psychiatric home visiting: report of four years experience. AB - An Emergency Psychiatric Home Visiting Team made 624 visits to 443 patients in a 4 year period. In situations where patients were frequently psychotic, violent, or threatening violence, the team was sucessful at facilitating emergency care and defusing crisis situations. The team was equivocally successful at preventing hospitalization. Facilitation of hospitalization often became a more important function than prevention. Few visits were for suicidal behavior. No team member was ever harmed in the course of a visit. The team also served as a major psychiatric care provider and social support to a group of chronic patients and families who utilized the service multiple times. PMID- 7364732 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of two plasmid deoxyribonucleic acids from endosymbiotic bacteria of Amoeba proteus. AB - Obligatory endosymbiotic bacteria in a strain of Amoeba proteus were found to harbor two distinct species of plasmid, pHJ11 and pHJ12. Their molecular weights were 39 x 10(6) and 14 x 10(6), respectively. PMID- 7364734 TI - Cacodemonomania and exorcism in children. AB - Despite its popularity in the lay media, alleged possession of children by demons has received scant attention in the scientific literature. Five cases are presented. This phenomenon probably represents a variant of folie a deux. A religious consultant may advantageously be included as a member of the treatment team. PMID- 7364735 TI - A comparison of trimipramine and imipramine: a controlled study. AB - Trimipramine, a new tricyclic antidepressant, was compared to imipramine in 38 hospitalized depressives. Both groups improved, with no major differences seen between the drugs. Analysis of the power of the statistical analysis shows that it is very unlikely that a true difference was present and not detected. There were fewer adverse reactions to trimipramine. PMID- 7364737 TI - Anabolic steroids and acute schizophrenic episode. AB - The use of anabolic steroids by athletes to increase physical performance has vastly increased over the last 10 years. A case is described which temporally relates the use of these organic compounds with the development of an acute schizophreniform illness. The dearth of literature on this particular "side effect" is noted, as are the diagnostic implications vis-a-vis anabolic steroids and the anamnestic interview in an athlete who presents with an acute schizophrenic mental status examination. Recommendation is made to consider this "side-effect" in differential diagnosis of schizophrenic episode. PMID- 7364736 TI - Schizophrenia and sexuality: a review and a report of twelve unusual cases--part I. AB - This review brings together the considerable, scattered literature on the sexuality of the schizophrenic. It encompasses the reports pertaining not only to the overt sexual behavior of schizophrenics but also their subjective experience including various delusions and hallucinations related to sexuality. Also reviewed are the sexual side effects of antipsychotic medication and sexual crimes and perversions occurring among individuals suffering from schizophrenia. The effectiveness of various treatment modalitites, including sex therapy, in controlling the bizarre sexual behavior that often accompanies schizophrenia, is also considered. Twelve unusual cases are also briefly reported. A greater awareness of these "sexual" symptoms of schizophrenia may be utilized to sharpen diagnostic sensitivity to the incipient forms of the disorder, to estimate prognosis in a given case, and to better understand some sexual crimes. In certain cases, such knowledge may alter the choice of antipsychotic medication. PMID- 7364738 TI - Cancer presenting as the delusion of cancer. AB - A patient who was referred from ENT to psychiatry because of the delusion of cancer of the neck was found to have a subclinical well encapsulated bronchogenic carcinoma. This case emphasizes the need to carefully assess even the most unusual of chief complaints. PMID- 7364739 TI - SIADH in psychosis. PMID- 7364740 TI - In vitro synthesis of heat-shock proteins by mRNAs from chicken embryo fibroblasts. AB - The pattern of proteins synthesized by chicken embryo fibroblasts changes dramatically after these cells are incubated at 45 degrees C for a few hours. Three proteins (Mr = 22,000, 76,000, and 95,000) account for almost 50% of the cell's protein synthetic capacity immediately after the heat-shock (Kelley, P.M., and Schlesinger, M.J. (1978) Cell 15, 1277-1286). When mRNAs were isolated from heat-shocked cells and translated in a cell-free protein synthesizing system, a pattern of proteins virtually identical with that made by intact heat-shocked cells was detected. Mobilities in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and radioimmune precipitation with specific antisera were used to establish the identity of in vitro- and in vivo-generated heat-shock proteins. The mRNAs coding for the major heat-shock proteins could be separated by rate zonal centrifugation in a sucrose gradient and mRNAs with sedimentation coefficients of 20 S, 18 S, and 13 S were translated in vitro to yield proteins of 95, 76, and 22 kilodaltons, respectively. PMID- 7364741 TI - Action spectra determined with tunable dye laser light for light-induced proton efflux and uptake in membrane vesicles of Halobacterium halobium. AB - A new pigment from Halobacterium halobium has been previously described which mediates the electrogenic extrusion of sodium ions when illuminated. Using essentially monochromatic light (0.05 nm bandwidth), maximum activity for this pigment occurred at 590 nm as monitored by passive proton uptake in envelope vesicles. The uncoupler bis(hexafluoroacetonyl)-acetone did not shift peak activity, but did increase passive proton influx. When the new pigment (NaP590) bacteriorhodopsin, the well characterized proton pump, and were compared at their respective wave-lengths of maximum activity, NaP590 required approximately 100 fold more energy to achieve saturation. PMID- 7364742 TI - Inhibition of elongation factor 2-dependent translocation by the pokeweed antiviral protein and ricin. AB - The pokeweed antiviral protein and the toxin ricin are two plant proteins which enzymatically inactivate eukaryotic ribosomes and cause the inhibition of the elongation cycle of protein synthesis. Their mode of inhibition of protein synthesis has been attributed to either the inhibition of enzymatic binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the acceptor site of the ribosome or its subsequent translocation to the donor site. In this communication, we show that the treatment of ribosomes with either the pokeweed antiviral protein or ricin results in the inhibition of the elongation factor 2-catalyzed translocation of acceptor site aminoacyl-tRNA to the donor site. The inhibitory effects of both proteins are identical and are partially reversed by excess concentrations of elongation factor 2. PMID- 7364743 TI - Dissociation of cell density and cell cycle effects on the rate of transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in 3T3 cells. AB - The rate of transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) has been measured in Swiss 3T3 cells at different cell densities in the range 10(3) to 5 x 10(4) cells/cm2. There is a pronounced increase in the rate of Na+-dependent AIB uptake below 4 x 10(3) cells/cm2, which can be observed both in growing cells (10% serum) or in cells arrested early in the G1 (G0) portion of the cell cycle in medium containing plasma-derived serum. The rate of AIB transport of cells arrested in G0 can be inhibited by the addition of a plasma membrane-enriched fraction prepared from 3T3 cells. The results are interpreted in terms of two elements that control the rate of AIB transport, one dependent on the position in the cell cycle and the other on cell contact. Preliminary observations suggest that BALB 3T3 cells behave in a similar way. PMID- 7364744 TI - Effect of organic phosphates on the sulfhydryl reactivities of oxyhemoglobins A and S. AB - The beta 93 sulfhydryl groups of oxyhemoglobins A and S display a difference in reactivity with 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid. It is concluded that this difference arises from differences in tertiary structure in the vicinity of the beta 93 site. Organic phosphates decrease the beta 93 sulfhydryl reactivity. We have used this effect to measure the organic phosphate binding constants. Hemoglobin S binds organic phosphates very weakly compared to hemoglobin A. This result indicates that the structure at the organic phosphate binding site is different in the two oxyhemoglobins and may be the result of differences in the structure of the NH2-terminal ends of the beta chains. PMID- 7364745 TI - 3-Trifluoromethyl-3-phenyldiazirine. A new carbene generating group for photolabeling reagents. AB - The synthesis of 3-trifluoromethyl-3-phenyldiazirine (TPD) is reported in an overall yield of 60% based on 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone as starting material. TPD is rapidly photolyzed on irradiation near 350 nm to yield 35% of the diazoisomer and 65% of the corresponding carbene. No internal rearrangement of the latter compound by fluorine migration was detected. Photolysis in methanol yielded the product of a formal OH insertion in greater than 95% yield. Photolysis in cyclohexane gave at least a 50% yield of the CH insertion product at a diazirine concentration of 15 mM. The products were identified by gas chromatographic mass spectra and by 19F NMR spectra. In the dark the diazirine is stable in 1 M acid or base and at temperatures as high as 75 degrees C for at least 30 min. The diazoisomer is much less photolabile and is stable in 0.1 M acetic acid for at least 12 h. The synthesis of a derivative of TPD containing the 2-hydroxyethyl[O-tosylate] group on the para position of the phenyl ring is described. This compound permits the easy attachment of the TPD function to other molecules. It is suggested that the ease of synthesis, dark stability, rapid photolysis, and reactivity of the carbene may make this group useful in the preparation of various photochemical probes. PMID- 7364746 TI - Suppression of cytidylate biosynthesis by protein synthesis antagonists. PMID- 7364747 TI - Sphingomyelin suppresses the binding and utilization of low density lipoproteins by skin fibroblasts. AB - Cultured human skin fibroblasts incubated at 37 degrees C with sonically dispersed, positively charged liposomes containing sphingomyelin internalized and metabolized the phospholipid. Sphingomyelin incorporation into the cells produced a reduction in low density lipoprotein binding and degradation. Lecithin containing liposomes were much less effective. In addition, incubation with sphingomyelin resulted in a marked increase in acetate incorporation into sterol. These results suggest that sphingomyelin, which is required by cells for membrane synthesis, can influence the regulation of the cell surface low density lipoprotein receptor and intracellular cholesterol balance. PMID- 7364748 TI - The role of microcompartmentation in the regulation of glutamate metabolism by rat kidney mitochondria. PMID- 7364749 TI - A disulfide bond in antithrombin is required for heparin-accelerated thrombin inactivation. AB - Heparin accelerates the rate of reaction of antithrombin with thrombin, an effect which is abolished by mild reduction of the antithrombin with dithiothreitol. Reduced antithrombin incorporates 1.7 mol of [14C]acetamide/mol of protein, with cysteine as the only amino acid modified. Tryptic digestion of the reduced and alkylated antithrombin results in the formation of only two labeled peptides. In the absence of heparin, the second order rate constant for the reaction of thrombin with both reduced and native antithrombin is 5.9 to 9.6 x 10(5) M-1 min 1. In the presence of heparin, the rate constant for the reaction between reduced antithrombin and thrombin is 8.3 to 12.2 x 10(5) M-1 min-1, while the rate of reaction between native antithrombin and thrombin is too fast to follow under the conditions used. Reduced antithrombin elutes from a heparin-Sepharose column at 0.5 M NaCl, contrast to 10 M NaCl required for elution of the native protein. The intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence enhancement caused by heparin binding to native antithrombin is not observed with reduced antithrombin. These data indicate that cleavage of one of the three antithrombin disulfide bonds results in reduced affinity for heparin and the loss of heparin-accelerated antithrombin activity and imply that heparin and thrombin bind at different sites on the antithrombin molecule. PMID- 7364750 TI - On the mechanism of the lipoprotein lipase-induced fluorescence changes in dansyl phosphatidylethanolamine-labeled very low density lipoproteins. PMID- 7364751 TI - Structural and electronic effects resulting from metal-flavin ligation. AB - The synthesis and physical properties of a model metalloflavin complex, [(10 methylisoalloxazine)-(NH3)4Ru](PF6)2 . 2H2O are reported. The structure of this stable, enantiomeric compound was elucidated by x-ray diffraction methods with a final unweighted R value of 0.054. Crystals belong to the triclinic space group P1 with unit cell dimensions: a = 9.631, b = 10.618, c = 13.216 A; alpha = 113.86, beta = 100.19, gamma = 94.12 degrees. Chelation of the metal ion to the flavin occurs at the N(5) and O(4) positions, with a short Ru-N(5) bond distance of 1.979 A. Steric and electronic factors induce a 9.9 degrees bend in the isoalloxazine ring system and a significant lengthening of the C(4a)-N(5) bond. The flavin absorption bands shift significantly toward lower energy on complexation and a new band occurs at 617 nm. These absorptions are pH-dependent and pK alpha values for the complex are 0.6 and 7.4. The spectra of this complex exhibit similarities to that of metallosemiquinone species and arguments are made that a significant amount of electron density is donated to the pi-system of the flavin. Proton NMR studies suggest enhanced electron density at the N(10) position, probably occurring through backbonding interactions. Cyclic voltametry studies are also consistent with substantial metal to ligand pi-electron donation, since it is significantly more difficult to reduce the coordinated flavin relative to the free ligand under the same conditions. Moreover, the complexed flavin accepts electrons in 1-electron rather than 2-electron steps. Spectroelectrochemical studies on the 1-electron reduced complex indicate a similarity with other M(II)-F1 species. PMID- 7364752 TI - Mechanism-based inactivation of pig heart L-alanine transaminase by L propargylglycine. Half-site reactivity. AB - L-Alanine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2) from pig heart was found to be a dimer, with a subunit molecular weight of 55,000 and one pyridoxal phosphate bound/subunit. Seven free sulfhydryl groups/subunit were detected. Isoelectric focusing revealed three species (native pI values, 5.3 to 5.5). L-Propargylglycine was found to inactivate the enzyme at 37 degrees C with a KI = 3.9 mM and an observed maximal first order rate constant, kinact = 0.26 min-1. Incorporation of 1 [14C]propargylglycine molecule/dimer leads to greater than 97% inactivation, suggesting half-site reactivity, while the unalkylated subunit is still apparently capable of processing L-alanine, L-propargylglycine, and beta-chloro-L alanine. The minimal stoichiometric ratio necessary for inactivation was determined to be 2.7 L-propargylglycine molecules/enzyme subunit, 2.2 molecules/subunit undergoing transamination before inactivation ensues. A deuterium kinetic isotope effect of 3.5 was observed for inactivation with DL-[2 2H]propargylglycine. PMID- 7364753 TI - Propylthiouracil. A substrate for the glutathione S-transferases that competes with glutathione. PMID- 7364754 TI - Enhanced diffusivity of glucose in a matrix of hyaluronic acid. AB - The diffusion coefficients for glucose and sucrose within matrices of hyaluronic acid are contrasted with coefficients determined in matrices of agarose. Diffusivity is similar in 0.5 and 1% matrices of both polysaccharide polymers dissolved in saline (0.9% NaCl solution) buffered at pH 7.4 with 0.01 M sodium phosphate. In a 2.5% matrix of hyaluronate, but not agarose, glucose diffusivity is enhanced 3-fold, whereas simultaneously determined sucrose diffusivity remains unchanged from that in the 1% matrix. The 1% hyaluronate matrix will enhance glucose diffusivity if an inorganic cationic serum constituent(s) with a molecular weight of less than 500 is incorporated into the solvent. This enhanced diffusivity is inversely dependent on glucose concentration and on the degree of polymerization of the hyaluronate in the matrix. The presence of an appropriately constituted matrix of hyaluronic acid endows the resultant fluid with several properties generally ascribed to membranes: permselectivity (even glucose and sucrose behave differently), saturability, and the potential to enhance translational movement of selected solutes such as glucose. PMID- 7364755 TI - Transient and steady state kinetics of the interaction of guanyl nucleotides with the adenylyl cyclase system from rat liver plasma membranes. Interpretation in terms of a simple two-state model. AB - Transient and steady state kinetics of the interaction of liver plasma membrane adenylyl cyclase with GTP and the GTP analogues guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (GMP-P(NH)P), guanyl-5'-yl diphosphonate (GMP-P(CH2)P), and guanosine 5'-(3-O thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S) was studied before and after treatment of membranes with preactivated cholera toxin. (a) In control experiments, GTP stimulated the enzyme partially and without a noticeable lag, while GTP analogues stimulated to varying degrees (GTP gamma S approximately GMP-P(NH)P greater than GMP-P(CH2)P greater than or equal to GTP) and with lag periods that varied with the nucleotide (GMP-P(NH)P approximately GMP-P(CH2)P greater than GTP gamma S). (b) In toxin-treated membranes, transient kinetics and degree of activation by GTP analogues were unaltered, while activation by GTP remained rapid and became as effective as the most effective of the analogues. (c) Toxin treatment had no effect on the concentration-effect curves for GTP analogues but resulted in a 5- to 9-fold lowering of the apparent K alpha with which GTP stimulates the system. These results indicate that the degree of stimulation of the liver adenylyl cyclase by GTP and its analogues is independent of the susceptibility of the beta gamma bond of the guanosine triphosphate to be hydrolyzed and that lags in progress curves are not due to slow dissociation of "resident" GDP molecules. The time transients of the interaction of the rat liver adenylyl cyclase with combinations of GTP and GMP-P(NH)P were studied and found to be of the competitive type regardless of the time and sequence of addition of the two nucleotides. The results are consistent with GMP-P(NH)P interacting with and dissociating from the system very slowly and not leading to the formation of an irreversibly activated state of the enzyme. The data obtained on regulation of the basic (no hormone added) liver adenylyl cyclase by guanyl nucleotides are interpreted in terms of a two-state enzyme model (Birnbaumer, L., Bearer, C.F., and Iyengar, R. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 3552-3557) and the results are discussed in the light of current views of regulation of adenylyl cyclases and involvement of a GTPase. Our experiments are consistent with, but not proof for, presence of a cholera toxin-inhibited GTPase in intimate association with the liver adenylyl cyclase. PMID- 7364756 TI - 15-Oxygenated sterols with the unnatural cis-C-D ring junction. Studies of the metabolism of 5 alpha,14 beta-cholest-7-ene-3 beta,15 alpha-diol and 5 alpha,14 beta-cholest-7-ene-3 beta,15 beta-diol. AB - Four 15-oxygenated sterols with the "unnatural" cis-C-D ring juncture have recently been shown to be potent inhibitors of sterol synthesis in animal cells in culture (Schroepfer, G.J., Jr., Parish, E.J., Chen, H.W., and Kandutsch, A.A. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 8975-8980; Schroepfer, G.J., Jr., Pascal, R.A., Jr., and Kandutsch, A.A. (1979) Biochem. Pharmacol. 28, 249-252). In the present study we have prepared two of these sterols, [2,4-3H]5 alpha,14 beta-cholest-7-ene-3 beta,15 alpha-diol and [2,4-3H]5 alpha,14 beta-cholest-7-ene-3 beta,15 beta-diol, in labeled form, 5 alpha,14 beta-Cholest-7-ene-3 beta, 15 alpha-diol, but not its 15 beta-hydroxy epimer, was shown to be efficiently converted to cholesterol in 10,000 x g supernatant fractions of liver homogenate preparations from both male and female rats. After incubation of [2,4-3H]5 alpha,14 beta-cholest-7-ene-3 beta,15 alpha-diol with these enzyme preparations a number of labeled products, in addition to cholesterol, were isolated and characterized. These included 5 alpha-cholesta-8,14-dien-3 beta-ol, cholesta-5,7-dien-3 beta-ol, 5 alpha-cholest 8-en-3 beta-ol, and 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol. A scheme to account for the enzymatic formation of cholesterol and the other sterol precursors of cholesterol is presented. PMID- 7364757 TI - Interactions of supernatant protein factor with components of the microsomal squalene epoxidase system. Binding of supernatant protein factor to anionic phospholipids. AB - Supernatant Protein Factor (SPF), a protein that enhances the activities of microsomal squalene epoxidase and 2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase, has been labeled either by acylation with N-succinimidyl[2,3-3H]propionate or by reductive methylation with [14C]-formaldehyde and sodium cyanoborohydride. Labeled SPF preparations, containing 1 to 2 modified lysine residues/molecule of protein which retained full biological activity, were found to bind only weakly to microsomes under a variety of experimental conditions as determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. No interaction between SPF and either squalene or squalene-2,3-oxide could be demonstrated by gel filtration. On the other hand, SPF was shown to bind tightly to vesicles of anionic phospholipids (phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidic acid) but not to vesicles of phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine. The capacity of the anionic phospholipids to bind to SPF parallels their ability to enhance the stimulatory activity of SPF. These observations are inconsistent with the designation of proteins of this type as "sterol carrier proteins." PMID- 7364758 TI - Different rates of DNA synthesis during the S phase of log phase HeLa S3, WI-38, and 2RA cells. AB - The amounts of DNA in individual cells of synchronized or log phase cultures can be determined from flow cytometry measurements of DNA:propidium fluorescence. We have used a model based on cell transit times through the cell cycle to obtain rates of DNA synthesis corresponding to different parts of the S phase of log phase cells. The five rates predicted by this method for log phase HeLa cells correlate well with those obtained by following the progression of highly synchronized HeLa cells through S phase. The absolute values of the rates can be expressed in channel number (proportional to fluorescent intensity), picograms of DNA, number of nucleotides, or molecular weight of DNA versus time, when the total cell cycle time is known, or in relative units, when it is not. The fastest rates for HeLa and 2RA cells are at the beginning and end of S phase, whereas WI 38 cells exhibited a gradual increase in rates from beginning to end of S phase. The determination of rates of DNA synthesis in log phase cultures, rather than synchronized ones, represents a substantial reduction in time, eliminates the possibility of induced metabolic artifacts as a result of the synchronization procedure, and permits the screening of many cell types that may not be amenable to precise synchronization. PMID- 7364759 TI - Studies on electron transfer from general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase to electron transfer flavoprotein. AB - General acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase from pig liver mitochondria, which was prepared as a complex with C8CoA and mixed with electron-transfer flavoprotein, rapidly reduces the electron-transfer flavoprotein to a 1-electron-reduced form (anionic semiquinone). A second electron is transferred more slowly to form the fully reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein. Transfer of the first electron is faster than turnover in the dichlorophenolindophenol reduction assay. These observations show that the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase-electron-transfer flavoprotein system utilizes this semiquinone catalytically. A concomitant appearance of semiquinone from the general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase could not be detected under similar conditions. PMID- 7364760 TI - N-Linked glycoprotein assembly. Evidence that oligosaccharide attachment occurs within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. AB - The transbilayer orientation of the oligosaccharide chain transferred from oligosaccharide-lipid to endogenous protein acceptors in sealed hen oviduct microsomes has been examined using endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H as a topological probe. The oligosaccharide moiety of these acceptors was released by the enzyme only under conditions where the microsomes were made permeable to macromolecules. The release of the oligosaccharide chain by endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase H was not increased by removal of ribosomes or by mild trypsinization of the sealed microsomes. The endogenous acceptors were shown to be membrane-associated proteins that are not a part of the mRNA . ribosome . tRNA . nascent chain complex. From these results we conclude that the transfer of oligosaccharide from oligosaccharide-lipid occurs at the luminal face of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7364761 TI - Core histone associations in solutions of high salt. An osmotic pressure study. PMID- 7364762 TI - Evidence for two distinct serotonin transport systems in platelets. AB - Two transport systems for serotonin were measured independently in osmotic lysates of porcine platelets. After pre-equilibration with potassium phosphate and dilution into NaCl medium, only the plasma membrane transport system was observed. Under these conditions, serotonin accumulation is inhibited by imipramine, but not by reserpine or norepinephrine, and requires high (100 meq/liter) concentrations of Na+. In the presence of ATP at low (10 meq/liter) concentrations of Na+, only the transport system of the intracellular serotonin storage organelles was observed. Under these conditions, transport is inhibited by reserpine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, but not by imipramine, and requires either ATP or an artificially imposed pH gradient (interior acidic) across the organelle membrane. These and other results suggest that accumulation of serotonin in platelet storage organelles is coupled predominantly to the pH gradient across the membrane. PMID- 7364763 TI - Synthetic analog of a high affinity calcium binding site in rabbit skeletal troponin C. AB - A 21-residue peptide analog of the Ca2+ binding Site 3 in rabbit skeletal troponin C has been synthesized by the solid phase method. CD studies as well as uv difference spectroscopy did not show any changes upon addition of Ca2+ to this peptide in aqueous solution. Acetylation of the NH2-terminal residue of the analog resulted in Ca2+-induced CD and uv difference spectral changes and these changes could be accentuated upon increasing the hydrophobicity of the solvent system. It was also found that the nonacetylated peptide showed Ca2+-induced changes in CD and uv difference spectroscopy when the studies were carried out in the hydrophobic solvent system. These results indicate that the complete helix loop-helix unit is not required for Ca2+ binding to the loop region of the unit and that synthetic analogs can be prepared to determine the molecular requirements of the unit for metal ion affinity and selectivity. We describe the folding of this peptide about a calcium cation based on these preliminary results. PMID- 7364764 TI - A comparison of the amino acid sequences of rabbit skeletal muscle alpha- and beta-tropomyosins. AB - Elucidation of the complete amino acid sequence of rabbit skeletal beta tropomyosin has shown that it has the same number of residues (284) per chain as the alpha component from the same source. The presence of more than one form of beta-tropomyosin was indicated by the detection of heterogeneity at 11 positions in the sequence. The ratio of the major form to the minor form(s) was estimated to be about 10:1. Of the 39 amino acid residue differences in the major alpha and beta forms, most involve chemically similar residues with only two leading to a more negative net charge on the beta form (Ser-229 to glutamic acid and His-276 to asparagine). These replacements do not significantly affect the repeating heptapeptide pattern of nonpolar and polar residues in tropomyosin nor the 14 fold periodicity of acidic and outer nonpolar residues implicated in its binding to F-actin. The larger number of substitutions in the COOH-terminal half of the protein is reflected in differences in the smoothed alpha-helix parameters of the beta-tropomyosin sequence when compared with that of the alpha component. These differences may be related to a lower binding affinity of beta-tropomyosin to troponin. PMID- 7364765 TI - Subunit structures of different electrophoretic forms of nucleosomes. AB - We have reported previously that five different electrophoretic forms of mononucleosomes (MI to MV) are produced upon treatment of mammalian chromatin with micrococcal nuclease. We show here that each of these mononucleosome classes possesses internal heterogeneity due to the presence of a variety of minor protein species. Defined subsets of mononucleosome classes MII to MV have been reconstituted by reassociating stripped nucleosomes with histone H1 and non histone protein HMG-17. This procedure leads to the generation of the same five major electrophoretic forms of mononucleosomes found in native chromatin. From the results of one- and two-dimensional electrophoretic analyses on reconstituted samples, it is concluded that different mononucleosome classes possess the following subunit structures: MI, core histone octamer (8-mer); MII, 8-mer plus one copy of HMG-17; MIIIA, 8-mer plus one copy of histone H1; MIIIB, 8-mer plus two copies of HMG-17; MIV, 8-mer plus one copy each of histone H1 and HMG-17; and MV, 8-mer plus one copy of histone H1 and two copies of HMG-17. Equal numbers of HMG-14 molecules can substitute for HMG-17 and generate the same nucleosome components. Thus, mononucleosomes possess independent binding sites for at least 1 histone H1 molecule and 2 nonhistone chromosomal protein molecules. We show further that reassociated HMG-17 molecules can exhibit a rapid interchange between binding sites, even under conditions of low ionic strength. PMID- 7364766 TI - A regulatory component of adenylate cyclase from human erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 7364767 TI - Biosynthesis of porphyrin precursors. Purification and characterization of mammalian L-alanine:gamma,delta-dioxovaleric acid aminotransferase. AB - Bovine liver mitochondria have been found to contain an enzyme which will catalyze the formation of delta-aminolevulinic acid via a transamination reaction rather than via the condensation of glycine and succinyl coenzyme A. The enzyme, L-alanine: gamma,delta-dioxovaleric acid aminotransferase (gamma,delta dioxovalerate transaminase) was isolated and purifed to apparent homogeneity. gamma,delta-Dioxovalerate transaminase is quite stable, has optimal activity at pH 6.9, requires pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor and has an apparent molecular weight of 240,000. The enzyme has high specificity for both substrates. The Km for L-alanine is 3.7 x 10(-3) M and the Km for gamma,delta-dioxovalerate is 2.4 x 10(-4) M. Plots of 1/gamma,delta-dioxovalerate against 1/v at varying alanine concentrations suggested a ping-pong reaction mechanism. Although the enzyme appeared to be a typical transaminase, exhaustive experiments failed to demonstrate reversibility of the reaction. The capacity of gamma,delta dioxovalerate transaminase to synthesize delta-aminolevulinic acid appears to be far greater than the capacity of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase from the same source. The possibility that gamma,delta-dioxovalerate transaminase plays a role in the biosynthesis of delta-aminolevulinic acid in vivo must be considered. PMID- 7364768 TI - Structural changes in human serum high density lipoprotein-3 attending incubation with blood leukocytes. PMID- 7364769 TI - Isolation of anticoagulant proteins from cobra venom (Naja nigricollis). Identity with phospholipases A2. AB - Three anticoagulant proteins were isolated from the venom of Naja nigricollis (spitting cobra). The peaks of anticoagulant activity co-chromatographed with phospholipase A2 activities. The three proteins were homogeneous by the criteria of electrophoresis in two acidic polyacrylamide gel systems. Electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate also yielded single protein bands with molecular weights of about 15,000. The amino acid compositions of the three anticoagulant proteins are reported. All three proteins have only one amino acid replacement in the first 25 to 30 amino acids of their NH2-terminal sequences, compared to the sequence of the basic phospholipase from N. nigricollis venom. Removal of Ca2+ from the crude venom caused loss of both anticoagulant and phospholipase activities, and restoration of Ca2+ caused partial recovery of both activities. Both activities were lost in parallel when the venom was heated between pH 6.0 and 8.5. The association of the anticoagulant effect with phospholipase activity contradicts the previous conclusion that phospholipase is not responsible for the anticoagulant action of cobra venom. The previous results might be explained by independence of the anticoagulant and phospholipase effects within the same protein molecule, or by different activity levels of monomer and dimer forms of the enzyme. PMID- 7364771 TI - Equilibrium shapes of red blood cells in osmotic swelling. PMID- 7364770 TI - X-ray diffraction studies of troponin-C crystals from rabbit and chicken skeletal muscles. AB - Crystals of troponin-C from rabbit and chicken muscles have been obtained using the vapor diffusion method. Crystals of rabbit troponin-C are tetragonal with a unit cell of a = b = 89.4 A, c = 79.9 A, space group P42, and 4 molecules/asymmetric unit. Diffraction from these crystals is limited to 7A and the crystals are unstable under x-ray irradiation, making them unsuitable for a high resolution structural determination. Crystals of chicken troponin-C are trigonal with a unit cell of a = b = 66.7 A, c = 60.8 A. The space group is P3121 or P3221 and there is only 1 molecule/asymmetric unit. These crystals diffract to at least 2.2 A, are very stable under x-ray irradiation, and are suitable for high resolution study. PMID- 7364772 TI - Mechanical design, constructional details and calibration of a new force plate. PMID- 7364773 TI - A model for surface flow in cartilage. PMID- 7364775 TI - Natural frequency analysis of a human tibia. PMID- 7364774 TI - Study of eccentric-concentric contraction of the upper extremity muscles. PMID- 7364776 TI - A model of the periodontal vasculature in tooth support. PMID- 7364777 TI - An investigation into biomechanical causes of prosthesis stem loosening within the proximal end of the human femur. PMID- 7364779 TI - Quantification of bone stresses during remodeling. PMID- 7364778 TI - Stiffness and elastic behavior of human intracranial and extracranial arteries. PMID- 7364780 TI - Abstracts of the 3rd annual meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics Held at the Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. 22-23 October, 1979. PMID- 7364782 TI - A model study of isovolumic and non-isovolumic left ventricular contractions. PMID- 7364781 TI - A technique for the display of pressure distributions beneath the foot. PMID- 7364783 TI - Analysis of viscoelastic behaviour of bones on the basis of microstructure. PMID- 7364784 TI - Aortic valve histology and its relation with mechanics-preliminary report. PMID- 7364785 TI - Immobilization of enzymes for medical uses on plastic surfaces by radiation induced polymerization at low temperatures. AB - The immobilization of some medically useful enzymes were studied by means of radiation-induced polymerization at -78 degrees C. Glucose oxidase and glucose peroxidase were immobilized in the form of thin membranes inside polyvinyl chloride tubes and on polyethylene films; these membranes showed considerable activity yield, as well as good activity retention. Two effective methods were adopted to improve the surface properties of the base materials and to facilitate firm immobilization by coating: that is, an undercoating method followed by radiation curing of the undercoating and an irradiation grafting method with a monomer. Both were tested with good results. An immobilization of urokinase was also carried out successfully by similar methods. The thrombogenicity of the immobilized urokinase showed a remarkable effect on thombus formation. PMID- 7364786 TI - Platelet adhesion onto artificial red blood cells. AB - Several kinds of polyamide microcapsules containing mammalian hemolysate were prepared by making use of the interfacial polycondensation reaction between diamines and terephthaloyl dichloride and their blood compatibility in terms of platelet adhesion was examined aiming at their ultimate clinical use as artificial red blood cells. It was found that rabbit platelets adhere onto the hemolysate-loaded microcapsules in the presence of the plasma, while no platelet adhesion takes place in the absence of the plasma. This was interpreted as indicating an important role of plasma components in platelet adhesion. Moreover, platelet adhesion was observed to be facilitated by negative charges on the surface of the hemolysate-loaded microcapsules; the more negatively the surface was charge, the more easily the platelets adhered onto the surface. Finally, the present method of assessing platelet adhesion suggested the possibility of its use for kinetic study of platelet adhesion since it allowedus to make numerical evaluation of platelet adhesion as a function of time. PMID- 7364787 TI - Effect of hydroxyapatite impregnation on skeletal bonding of porous coated implants. AB - Skeletal fixation of permanent implants by new methods such as fixation by mechanical interlocking of bone with porous prosthetic coatings or chemical bonding with bioactive materials shows growing potential. This paper reports on the resulting skeletal fixation of a combined porous and bioactive material. Metal plugs with a porous metal fiber coating impregnated with hydroxyapatite were implanted for 2, 4, and 12 weeks and were compared to the parent porous, nonbioactive, metal fiber material. Statistical analysis of the interfacial failure shear stress, as obtained by mechanical testing, shows there is a marked influence of hydroxyapatite impregnation on the rate of bone ingrowth and the strength of the interfacial bond the few weeks following surgery. Microscopical examination reveals that the apparent stimulation of bone ingrowth into the surface pores of the implant is the reason for the increased rate of bond formation. The results are of particular clinical interest: with an increased rate of bone ingrowth, weight bearing might be allowed much earlier, thus reducing the recuperation period. PMID- 7364788 TI - Thrombogenicity of different suture materials as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. AB - The thrombogenicity of five suture materials--polypropylene (Prolene), polyester (Mersilene), polyglactin 910 (Vicryl), nylon (Tthilon), and silk--was examined in vivo by scanning electron microscopy. The most blood-compatible material appeared to be Prolene. A rather satisfactory antithrombogenciity was shown by Mersilene, in comparison with which Ethilon and Vicryl provided less thromboresistance. The possible connection between the chemical changes which occur during the hydrolysis of Vicryl and its blood compatibility is discussed. Of the tested materials, silk proved to be the most thrombogenic. This study shows that the thrombogenicity of a suture material could be easily and conveniently tested in an experimental model by scanning electron microscopy, thus enabling the first choice of a suitable suture for the cardiovascular surgery, before one continues with other more sophisticated methods for the evaluation of thromboresistance. PMID- 7364789 TI - Piezoelectric ceramic implants: a feasibility study. AB - A piezoelectric ceramic has been investigated as a direct substitute for hard tissues. Barium titanate (BaTiOz) power was slipcast and fired at 1430 degrees C for 2 hr, then made piezoelectric by polarizing. After 16 and 86 days of implantation in the cortex of the femoral midshafts, the femora with test specimens were sectioned into about 4-cm lengths. Their voltage outputs were measured under cyclic load at 1 Hz. The present results show that the voltage gradient at the implant surface is 0.15 mV/mm for the 16-day implantation with a 445-N (100-lbs.) load. This in turn can give rise to about 0.01 microA current flow in the adjacent area of the 16-day implant. The 86-day implant showed an order of magnitude higher voltage output compared to the 16-day implant with the same magnitude of loads. This is probably due to the "load-transfer" efficiency through the implants, since the voltage output is directly proportional to the actual load transferred to the implant. The more bone implant interface matures, the better the load transfer occurs through the implant, resulting in higher voltage output. PMID- 7364790 TI - Synthesis of a fine neurological electrode by plasma polymerization processing. AB - This research is part of a continuing program for the development of a coaxial depth electrode for research and diagnostic studies of neurological diseases. The requirements for this electrode include (1) strength and resistance to buckling sufficient to ensure self-forced penetration of brain tissue to a depth of 6 cm; (2) biocompatibility of the materials employed; (3) resistance to brittle fracture; and (4) a total diameter of less than 200 micrometer to minimize tissue damage. Earlier synthesis efforts using chemical vapor deposition techniques have been successful, although the process yield was 40% and an outer insulating layer had yet to be deposited. Plasma polymerization processes have been employed to realize an increase in the yield and provide an outer insulating layer. The starting material is W-26 at.% Re wire, nominally 125 micrometer in diameter. Hexamethyldisilazane(CH3)3SiNHSi(CH3)3 is used to deposit the insulating layers. The paper describes factors influencing the choice of materials, deposition techniques, and properties of electrodes. PMID- 7364791 TI - Growth inhibition of cultured fibroblasts by cobalt and nickel. AB - It is known that tissues surrounding the site of an implanted prosthetic alloy are exposed to increased concentrations of the metals comprising the alloy. However, the exact identity and concentration of such metallic products are usually unknown, thus limiting the possibilities for quantifying any observed toxicological response to the metals. This report describes some of the effects of increased concentrations (7.5-30 microgram/ml; 1-5 x 10(-4)M) Of cobalt (as CoCl2.6H2O) and of nickel (NiCl2.6H2O) on the growth and morphology of cultured mouse fibroblasts. Ultrafiltration experiments indicated that much of the total Co or Ni present in cell culture medium could become bound to macromolecular serum components of the medium. Morphological changes and depressions in the cell growth rate were found to result from high concentrations (15-30 microgram/ml) of either Co or Ni. However, lower concentrations of nickel may have produced some stimulation of cell growth, whereas all concentrations of Co studied were found to depress the rate of cell growth. The growth rate of actively proliferating fibroblasts was quite sensitive to variations in the concentration of either cobalt or nickel. Increased concentrations of cobalt or nickel, therefore, might also affect the normal reconstructive activity of fibroblasts in vivo. PMID- 7364792 TI - Fracture toughness concept applied to methyl methacrylate. AB - Polymethyl methacrylate bone cement is tested at the Institute of Fracture and Solid Mechanics Laboratory, Lehigh University. Standard tensile coupon and compact tension specimens are molded under varying conditons of temperature and pressure. Test results are obtained for the strength and toughness of bone cement involved in total hip replacement operations. PMID- 7364793 TI - Academic focus: biomaterials activities at the University of Liverpool. PMID- 7364794 TI - Regional variations in family size in the Republic of Ireland. PMID- 7364795 TI - Altitude and demography among the Sherpas. PMID- 7364796 TI - Ideal family size in the Irish republic. PMID- 7364797 TI - Husbands' attitudes towards abortion and Canadian abortion law. PMID- 7364798 TI - Menstrual regulation clients in a village-based family planning programme. PMID- 7364799 TI - Use of contraception among married women in New South Wales, Australia. PMID- 7364800 TI - The continuing fertility decline in Sri Lanka. PMID- 7364801 TI - Infant mortality in a North-Swedish geographical isolate, 1950-70. PMID- 7364803 TI - Secular changes in age at menarche and adult stature in Hebridean women. PMID- 7364804 TI - Population structure in the western Pyrenees: II. Migration, the frequency of consanguineous marriage and inbreeding, 1877 to 1915. PMID- 7364802 TI - Biosocial correlates of perinatal mortality: experiences of an Indian hospital. PMID- 7364806 TI - Total shoulder replacement with a constrained prosthesis. AB - Forty-three shoulder-joint replacements were performed in forty-two patients using a constrained joint. Twelve material failures were experienced in the first series of twenty-two shoulders and only two in the second, modified series (twenty-one shoulders). Loosening of the glenoid components was not encountered, although radiolucent lines have been observed about some of the components. A basic feature of the design was to allow dislocation of the metal head from its cup when excessive motion of the components is attempted by the patient and a specific torque is exceeded. A method of insertion and design considerations allowed us to achieve strong attachment between the metal glenoid and the scapula. PMID- 7364805 TI - The spherocentric knee: a re-evaluation and modification. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess prospectively the initial results of total knee replacement with the standard spherocentric component and to identify retrospectively the pathogenesis of any unsatisfactory results. As a consequence of this study, the femoral component was modified. Thirty-six knees were reviewed twenty-two to fifty-two months after a standard spherocentric total knee replacement, with a mean follow-up of thirty-five months. Twenty-five (70 per cent) of the knees had significant relief of pain and improved function. Eleven knees were not improved because of confirmed loosening in five, supracondylar fracture in two, infection in one, and suspected loosening in three. Ten of these eleven complications became manifest within the first postoperative year. Alignment in the coronal plane was not consistently precise and hyperextension was a recurrent problem in twelve of the thirty-six knees. A modification in the femoral component was made: the stem was lengthened to 10.0 centimeters and the body was reoriented so that there was 5 degrees of valgus and 15 more degrees of posterior rotation than the original design. This modified prosthesis was used in twenty-five additional knees, with definite improvement in alignment, but the follow-up was insufficient to ascertain the effect of the modification on lossening and fracture. PMID- 7364807 TI - The development of mature gait. PMID- 7364808 TI - The role of the ankle plantar flexors in normal walking. PMID- 7364809 TI - Os Odontoideum. AB - A review of the cases of thirty-five patients with os odontoideum, the largest series reported to date, supports the concept that trauma is the etiology of the abnormality. Most of the patients had roentgenographic instability of the affected spinal segment, and were treated with spine fusion. Eleven patients had lesions attributable to injuries received before they were four years old, although surgical treatment usually was delayed for one to eight years. Nine patients had documented roentgenographic evidence of a normal odontoid process prior to the development of the os odontoideum. Only one-third of the patients had any signs or symptoms indicative of neural deficits, although most patients had cervical pain. Surgical treatment alleviated the pain and instability. PMID- 7364810 TI - Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Long-term evaluation of non-containment treatment. AB - Eighty hips with unilateral Legg-Calve-Perthes disease were evaluated at an average follow-up of 22.4 years to determine the long-term results of treatment by a weight-relieving sling or harness. Results were good in sixty-four patients, fair in nine, and poor in seven. The patients with fair results had no clinical symptoms despite unacceptable roentgenograms. The hips that were most likely to have unsatisfactory results were those with Catterall Group-III or IV involvement and with onset at the age of six years or later, but of fifty-eight patients with Catterall Group-III or IV grades (eighteen of whom were six years old or older), forty-two had good results. Catterall's classification could not be accurately applied for an average of 8.1 months after the onset of disease. Identification of so-called head-at-risk signs, while it was important, appeared to add little to the Catterall grading as a prognostic index or therapeutic guide. Thirty-nine hips were identified as being at risk, including six of the seven with poor results and all of the nine hips with fair results. PMID- 7364811 TI - Thickness of articular cartilage in the normal knee. PMID- 7364812 TI - Transplantation of the canine knee joint on a vascular pedicle. A preliminary study. PMID- 7364813 TI - Dupuytren's contracture. An electron microscopic, biochemical, and clinical correlative study. AB - Fascial specimens were obtained from twenty-four patients treated operatively for Dupuytren's contracture. The nodules and cords were examined by electron microscopic and biochemical techniques. The clinical course and response to operative treatment were then correlated with the tissue findings. Electron microscopic analysis revealed myofibroblasts in the nodules of seven of twenty four patients. Fibroblasts containing prominent microtubules were found in ten patients. The fascia contained type-III collagen, increased amounts of collagen per unit of dry weight, and an increase in reducible cross-links of collagen. While the nodules were noted to contain a greater increase in reducible cross links than the cords, there was little variation in the biochemical findings from patient to patient. Clinical recurrence was not related to the age of the patient at onset, duration, or severity of disease. Recurrence was related to the electron microscopic findings of myofibroblasts in the nodules and fibroblasts containing prominent microtubules in the fascia of these patients. PMID- 7364814 TI - Forearm fractures: treatment by rigid fixation with early motion. AB - Sixty-four adult patients with ninety-two acute diaphyseal fractures of the forearm were treated with plate-and-screw fixation. In these patients, we analyzed the effect of early active postoperative motion. Patients with open fractures and those with fractures of both bones of the forearm lost significantly more rotation of the forearm, irrespective of treatment, compared with the other groups of patients in our series. A program of early active motion without immobilization increased the range of motion of the forearm in patients with fractures of both bones. However, this was not the case in patients with single-bone (radial or ulnar) fractures. PMID- 7364815 TI - Acute tears of the posterior cruciate ligament. Results of operative treatment. AB - The posterior cruciate ligament, situated near the center of the knee, functions as the basic stabilizer and is located close to the axis of motion. We diagnosed and repaired thirty-two consecutive acute tears of the posterior cruciate ligament associated with tears of medial or lateral-compartment ligaments, or of both. Of the twenty-nine knees that we could evaluate, twenty-three demonstrated a 2+ to 3+ positive abduction or adduction stress test done in maximum extension and a positive anterior drawer test done in maximum internal rotation, while only nine had a definitely positive posterior drawer test. In all knees we repaired the tears, using the medial meniscus as a graft in nine knees in which the repair of the posterior cruciate ligament did not produce immediate adequate stability at operation. Five to sixteen years after operation, twenty of these twenty-nine knees were available for evaluation. The objective results were good in thirteen, fair in four, and poor in three. PMID- 7364816 TI - Dislocation of the peroneal tendons. Long-term results of surgical treatment. AB - Twenty-eight patients with a traumatic peroneal-tendon dislocation treated surgically were clinically evaluated after an average follow-up interval of 6.8 years. Excellent results were obtained in all but one patient. Surgical treatment is recommended when dislocation recurs after initial treatment. PMID- 7364817 TI - Injection fibrosis in the quadriceps femoris muscle in children. AB - Fifty cases of quadriceps contracture in thirty-seven children were studied. All of the children had had intramuscular injections into the thigh. All were treated by operative elongation of the quadriceps muscles. The results of the operation were good in thirty cases, fair in eleven, and poor in nine. PMID- 7364819 TI - Thrombosis of the external iliac artery following total hip replacement. A case report. PMID- 7364818 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics in hip fractures. A double-blind, prospective study. AB - Three hundred and seven patients, each of whom had a fracture of the proximal part of the femur, were studied in a randomized, double-blind fashion to determine whether perioperative administration of cephalothin would prevent postoperative infection. Major postoperative wound infections were significantly reduced in the cephalothin-treated group (4.7 per cent versus 0.7 per cent; p less than 0.05). There also was a reduction in the incidence of postoperative urinary-tract infections and a reduction in mean peak body temperatures. The duration of hospitalization was not affected and no hospital stay was prolonged by complications of antibiotic administration. However, in the cephalothin treated group, a strong trend toward colonization by cephalothin-resistant organisms was noted. PMID- 7364820 TI - Progressive diaphyseal dysplasia (Engelmann's disease). Report of a sporadic case of the mild form. PMID- 7364823 TI - Incomplete congenital duplication of a lower extremity. A case report. PMID- 7364821 TI - Cartilage-containing benign mesenchymomas of soft tissue. Report of two cases. PMID- 7364825 TI - Scoliosis in symptomatic spondylolisthesis. AB - The association between spondylolisthesis and scoliosis was studied in 84 patients who presented during a 30-year period with symptomatic spondylolisthesis. The incidence of scoliosis was 42 per cent, the majority of cases being lumbar or thoracolumbar curves of less than 15 degrees. The incidence was highest in the group of patients with spondylolisthesis at L4--5 where all except one had scoliosis. Scoliosis was present in 47 per cent of patients with dysplastic spondylolisthesis at the lumbosacral junction; in this group, the incidence of scoliosis was greater where the displacement exceeded 25 per cent. The lowest incidence (25 per cent) was found in the group with isthmic spondylolisthesis at the lumbosacral junction. There appeared to be no relationship between excessive lumbar lordosis or tightness of the hamstrings and scoliosis. PMID- 7364824 TI - Prognosis in infantile idiopathic scoliosis. AB - A review was performed of 86 cases of infantile idiopathic scoliosis treated between 1962 and 1979. The single primary curves were classified as resolving, stable, progressive with a low rib--vertebra angle difference (RVAD) and progressive with a high RVAD. Two single primary curves subsequently developed a second curve and 17 were double when first diagnosed. Prognosis was difficult to establish before the age of five years. Only 18 per cent of curves showing progression beyond 50 degrees reached that point before the age of four. Conversely, if a scoliosis of 50 degrees or more was present before the age of four it always progressed. A more favourable outcome was indicated by male sex, a left-sided curve, a low initial curve measurement, an RVAD of less than 20 degrees in the initial radiograph, and the onset of scoliosis in the first year of life. PMID- 7364822 TI - Osteoid-osteoma of the spine: sclerosis in two levels. A case report. PMID- 7364826 TI - The cervical spine after halo-pelvic traction. An analysis of the complications of 83 patients. AB - This retrospective study assesses the complications affecting the cervical spine after halo-pelvic traction in 83 patients who were followed up for a minimum of five years. Forty-four patients (53 per cent) had significant cervical complications such as radiological degenerative changes, avascular necrosis of the dens, loss of movement, pain or spontaneous fusion. The most important predisposing factors were a long period in the halo-pelvic apparatus, tuberculous kyphosis, stiffness of the spinal deformity and an age of 15 years or more at the time of application. PMID- 7364827 TI - Atypical forms of spinal tuberculosis. AB - Thirteen patients, aged 7 to 45 years, have been treated for atypical forms of spinal tuberculosis at the Neurological Centres at Benghazi and Lahore. All presented with signs and symptoms of compression of the spinal cord or cauda equina, ranging from paraesthesiae and increasing weakness to paraplegia and loss of sphincter control. None of them showed visible or palpable spinal deformity nor the typical radiographic appearance of destruction of the intervertebral disc and the two adjoining vertebral bodies. These atypical cases fell into two well defined groups: those with involvement of the neural arch only, with associated intraspinal cold abscesses, and those with involvement of a single vertebral body, resulting in its collapse and a radiographic appearance similar to that in secondary carcinoma of the vertebral body. The correct treatment in these two groups was diametrically opposed. Tuberculous disease of the neural arch was best traced by laminectomy; concertina collapse of a single vertebral body required cost-transversectomy and resection of the transverse process, the pedicle, and the portion of the vertebral body that was encroaching on the spinal canal. PMID- 7364828 TI - Windswept deformity. AB - The occurrence of "windswept deformity" in the legs of otherwise healthy African children in the second or third year of life is illustrated by three typical case histories. The usual causes of epiphysial abnormality were absent in these and other similar patients seen recently in central Nigeria. It is suggested that an unrecognised hereditary dysplasia of bone, possibly of local geographical distribution and associated with a phase of epiphysial instability due to rapid growth, might underlie the sudden onset of this striking deformity. PMID- 7364829 TI - Survivorship of total hip replacements. AB - The survivorship of total hip replacements in patients operated on at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital has been analysed using standard actuarial methods. Between 1963 and 1972 173 metal-on-metal prostheses of various developmental designs were inserted. Between 1969 and 1972 248 prostheses of one design using a metal femoral component and plastic cup were used. The patients were surveyed retrospectively and for each the actual follow-up period was determined as well as the eventual outcome. The criterion of "survival" was that the prosthesis was still in situ and all such prostheses were regarded as "survivors", regardless of whether the patients experienced pain or loss of function. The survivorship was then determined by constructing life tables. The results indicate that for metal on-metal prostheses the overall probability of survival was only 53 per cent after 11 years and the average annual probability of removal, irrespective of cause, was 5.5 per cent. The results were better for metal-on-plastic prostheses with figures of 88 per cent after eight years and 1.5 per cent respectively. For both prostheses the predominant reason for failure was loosening and the annual rate of removal for loosening increased as the follow-up time increased, suggesting that loosening was a wearing out process. The advantages of the survivorship method of analysis as compared with conventional methods are discussed. PMID- 7364830 TI - The Monk "soft top" endoprosthesis. Clinical, biomechanical and histopathological observations. AB - This paper presents a prospective trial carried out using the Monk "soft top" endoprosthesis in 33 patients. Two years after operation 70 per cent of the remaining patients had pain. A biomechanical and histopathological analysis of the endoprosthesis and the surrounding tissue, obtained from a further two patients at the time of revision, is presented. It is concluded that the prosthesis has inherent design faults which result in excessive wear of the polyethylene component. The wear debris produced stimulates a prolific fibrous tissue reaction which is associated with progressive clinical deterioration. PMID- 7364831 TI - Articular changes associated with a flexion deformity in rheumatoid and osteoarthritic knees. AB - In a consecutive series of 87 operations for knee replacement prospective observations were made of the pattern of articular destruction in the form of a triangle of erosion or osteophyte formation, which is seen on the medial femoral condyle, sometimes with an associated strip on the lateral femoral condyle. These areas represent the surfaces which are normally in contact with the anterior horns of the menisci when the knee is fully extended. The lesions in question were found only in association with a flexion contracture in 84 out of the 87 cases. PMID- 7364832 TI - The intermetatarsophalangeal bursa--its significance in Morton's metatarsalgia. AB - The intermetatarsophalangeal bursa was investigated by dissection, radiography and injection. In the web spaces between the second and third and the third and fourth digits the bursa lies superior to the transverse metatarsal ligament but projects distally to it, closely applied to the neurovascular bundle. Tissue from the web spaces of patients with classical Morton's metatarsalgia often shows lymphocytic infiltration, with additional fibrinoid necrosis of the bursal wall. It is suggested that inflammatory changes in this bursa could account for the pathological and histological findings in this condition. The bursa in the most lateral web space does not extend beyond the ligament and is not in contact with the neurovascular bundle, which may explain the rarity of symptoms in this space. PMID- 7364833 TI - The Mitchell distal metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus. AB - Seventy-two Mitchell distal metatarsal osteotomies for hallux valgus performed over a period of 10 years have been reviewed. Sixty-six (92 per cent) were graded as excellent or good. Retrospective radiographic analysis of 29 of these cases showed that the operation had reduced the intermetatarsal angles to within normal anatomical limits. No patient experienced a worsening of symptoms as a result of the operation. PMID- 7364834 TI - High stress fractures of the fibula. AB - A high stress fracture of the fibula which occurred in 48 out of a class of 120 recruits doing a difficult jumping exercise is described. No more were seen when the exercise was stopped. The importance of this report is that it confirms the theory that different muscular activities cause different stress fractures. PMID- 7364835 TI - Stress fracture of the radius. PMID- 7364836 TI - Instability of the ankle after injury to the lateral ligament. AB - Ligamentous instability of the ankle joint can be confirmed by radiographs taken in two planes. The place of the anteroposterior varus stress view is established, but the lateral view which shows anterior subluxation of the talus is frequently omitted. The anatomical significance of the two stress views has been determined by dividing different components of the lateral ligament of 20 cadaveric ankles and noting the subluxation that resulted from these procedures. A clinical assessment was then made of 54 ankles (46 patients) with radiological evidence of instability when subjected to varus and anterior stress. Anterior subluxation was found to be considerably more common than varus tilt, and it is therefore suggested that the lateral stress view should be an essential part of the investigation of the unstable ankle. PMID- 7364837 TI - Scintigraphy versus radiography in the early diagnosis of experimental bone necrosis, with special reference to caisson disease of bone. AB - The early diagnosis of caisson disease of bone is hindered by the long delay which must elapse before an abnormality becomes apparent on a radiograph. The possible use of bone scintigraphy for this purpose was investigated. Necrosis of the bone and marrow was produced in rabbits by glass microspheres to simulate persistent gas-bubble emboli and then serial radiographs and scintigrams using 99mTc-diphosphonate were obtained. Regions of necrosis could be detected as "hot spots" on the scintigrams as early as three weeks after the causative insult, which was many weeks before any abnormality could be detected on the radiographs. Histological examination of excised femora suggested that the scintigraphic abnormality might depend on the new bone formation during a reactive or repair process. It is suggested that scintigraphy may have clinical value in caisson disease. PMID- 7364838 TI - Regional distribution of circulating microspheres in the femur of the rabbit. AB - In an attempt to explain the distribution of lesions of caisson disease of bone in the human femur, the regional distribution of circulating microspheres which had been labelled with scandium-46 was studies in the femur of the rabbit. Microspheres with a diameter of 15 microns were equally distributed between the two ends of the bone and between the upper and lower halves of the shaft. However, microspheres with a diameter of 50 microns congregated in the upper end of the femur and in the lower half of the shaft, the two sites most commonly affected by caisson disease. A large percentage of the microspheres in the shaft, especially the larger spheres, were retained in the marrow. It is suggested that the microcirculation of the marrow may act as a filter and that the nature and distribution of its vessels determine the site of impaction of circulating emboli. This would explain why lesions of the shaft mainly affect the medulla of the bone and not the cortex. PMID- 7364839 TI - Irradiation of the surgeon during pinning of femoral fractures. AB - The intensity of scattered radiation in both a forward and a backward direction from a portable fluoroscope during pinning of the neck of the femur was measured by experiments on a cadaver. The intensity decreased rapidly with increasing distance from the flare of the greater trochanter. Hazard to the surgeon's hands from scattered radiation can be greatly reduced by positioning the C-arm of the fluoroscope so that the x-ray beam is directed laterally. PMID- 7364840 TI - Tibial torsion calculated by computerised tomography and compared to other methods of measurement. AB - A new method for the measurement of tibial torsion using computerised transverse tomography is presented. Its accuracy is equal to that of cadaveric skeletal measurement. This method may be used in patients with unilateral post-traumatic torsional deformities, especially when these are combined with genu varum or valgum. The study of torsional aberrations in connection with congenital abnormalities of the foot is of further interest. PMID- 7364842 TI - The pi meson therapy program at SIN. PMID- 7364841 TI - Tissue reaction & tumor response with negative pi mesons. AB - As a prelude to a randomized trial of negative pi meson (pion) radiotherapy, as compared to conventional radiation treatment, tolerance of several normal tissues was investigated. Fifty-three of 108 patients received at least 2700 peak pion rads at a usual dose rate between 100 and 125 rads daily. The major sites treated were head and neck, pancreas, prostate, rectum and brain. Acute normal tissue reactions, late effects, and tumor response are correlated with the two dose levels. Pancreatic tumors have not fared well. At this point, tumors that can be observed disappear more rapidly, and, for tumors that cannot be observed, symptoms disappear more rapidly and normal tissues exhibit less reaction than with conventional radiotherapy. It is believed that the dose level can be raised an additional 7 percent above the current 4100 rads, measured at the maximum within the treatment volume. PMID- 7364843 TI - Radiobiologic properties of pions and heavy ions. A comparison. AB - 1. Depth-dosage distributions of pions and heavy ions are similar, but the dose fall-off near the range is much steeper for heavy ions compared to pions. 2. Radiation quality and hence biologic effects of heavy ion beams in the peak region depend only on peak width, whereas for pion beams because of fast neutrons from stars, the radiation quality may depend not only on peak width but also on beam size. 3. For neon and argon ions, the biologic effects of fractionated doses in proliferating cells are found to be more effective than for single doses. Such an effect was not observed for either fast neutrons or for pions. 4. Radiobiologically, pion beams are similar to helium and carbon ions. PMID- 7364844 TI - Pions for radiotherapy at TRIUMF. AB - Beams of negative pi-mesons (pions) have depth-dose characteristics which are favorable for radiation therapy. As well, the densely ionizing radiations resulting from pion capture give pion beams an increased RBE and reduced OER, largely confined to the treatment volume. Three facilities capable of testing pion beams for therapy now exist: TRIUMF in Vancouver, LAMPF in New Mexico and SIN in Villigen, Switzerland. Patient treatment is already underway at LAMPF and will commence at TRIUMF in November, 1979, and at SIN in 1980. Pre-clinical studies of the pion beam at TRIUMF have confirmed the predicted physical and radiobiologic properties of this new type of radiation. Fractionated irradiation of mouse skin suggests an RBE of 1.4 -- 1.6 for small treatment volumes receiving 10 dose fractions of peak pions. Single dose studies with cultured cells give an RBE for peak pions of 1.2 -- 1.5 and an oxygen gain factor of 1.2. The results are generally in good agreement with those obtained at LAMPF and SIN. Techniques have been developed which facilitate the delivery of well-defined dose distributions with uniform biologic effect throughout the treatment volume. PMID- 7364845 TI - Reliability of radiologic diagnosis in colitis. AB - Eight-five patients with inflammatory large bowel disease were reviewed. The reliability of several diagnostic criteria was assessed. Using a single contrast barium technique, with strict attention to these criteria, 90% diagnostic accuracy in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's diseease of the colon was possible. PMID- 7364846 TI - Efficacy of pelvimetry. AB - One hundred and fifty-four pelvimetry examinations were reviewed. The study suggests that radiographic pelvimetry is of little prognostic value and that decision for cesarean section is usually based on clinical factors. PMID- 7364847 TI - Radiologic assessment of severity of acute asthma in children. AB - In this prospective study, chest radiographs were obtained in 23 children during 33 acute asthmatic episodes. The degree of hyperinflation was assessed radiologically by three methods and compared to the clinical findings. There was no correlation between the radiologic impression of hyperinflation and the clinical severity of the asthmatic episode. PMID- 7364848 TI - Mediastinal adenopathy in myeloma. AB - Radiographic detection of intrathoracic lymphadenopathy in multiple myleoma is uncommon, but may occur late in the course of the disease. Rarely, it may present a diagnostic problem and needle aspiration biopsy may be necessary for definitive diagnosis. PMID- 7364850 TI - Renal varices. AB - Renal vein varices are abnormalities known to be responsible for intermittent hematuria, but may be found in patients with no history of bleeding. Diagnosis is suggested by characteristic changes on a drip infusion pyelogram and retrograde pyelogram and is made by renal venography done seconds after the injection of epinephrine into the ipsilateral renal artery. PMID- 7364849 TI - Osteofibrous dysplasia. AB - Osteofibrous dysplasia is a benign, slowly progressive lesion which generally involves one tibia of an infant or young child, and presents as anterior bowing associated with a painless mass. Surgical intervention is usually not indicated but, when carried out, recurrences are common. Osteofibrous dysplasia is readily distinguished histologically from fibrous dysplasia by fibrous stroma, containing bone trabeculae which are rimmed by osteoblasts, and by a "zonal architecture." The radiographic appearance is that of a benign, lucent, intracortical lesion which is expansile and produces bowing of the tibia. Four patients with this condition are presented. PMID- 7364851 TI - Double contrast technique in the proximal stomach. AB - The double contrast technique is of particular value in the proximal stomach, where one is able to detect ulcers and masses not recognized on a conventional upper gastrointestinal series. Pseudotumors which may occur in the fundus with the conventional barium technique are readily resolved. When a lesion in the proximal stomach is suspected by conventional radiography, immediate use of double contrast radiography may confirm or better delineate the lesion. Double contrast examination of the proximal stomach may thus be used as a primary or immediate secondary procedure to increase radiologic accuracy. PMID- 7364852 TI - Misleading appearance of biliary dilatation. AB - Dilated biliary radicles demonstrated on 99mTc-dimethyl-acetanilide-imino diacetic-acid (99mTc-IDA) imaging suggested biliary obstruction, and led to transhepatic cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Both showed a biliary tree of normal diameter. PMID- 7364853 TI - Varices of the gallbladder. AB - Fixed filling defects of the gallbladder on an oral cholecystogram were demonstrated by ultrasound and a splenoportogram to represent gallbladder varices. No previous ultrasound description of gallbladder varices could be found in the literature. PMID- 7364854 TI - New technique for prevention of brain damage during surgery of the aortic arch. AB - In this paper we present the design and characteristics of a new shunting cannula for prevention of brain ischemia during surgery of the aortic arch. The preliminary results in animals show the validity of this cannula, that shortens the time of the operating procedure and reduces some of the technical difficulties. PMID- 7364855 TI - Long term survival after abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy. AB - Our series of 100 consecutive patients operated on either electively or in emergency without clinical work, for abdominal aortic aneurysms, estblishes the post operative prognosis up to a ten year follow-up period. The operative mortality of 12% is mainly due to renal coronary complications. All survivors, except one, have been reviewed. 64% 5 year survival and 46% 8 year survival rates were found. These results emphasize the importance of early and systematic surgical management except when major contraindications, which we have outlined, are present. Echotomography appears to be the best method of following up small aneurysms (diameter less than 7 cms) in elderly patients. PMID- 7364856 TI - Review of 210 autogenous vein by-pass operations. AB - This is a retrospective review, using the life table method, of 210 vein by-pass operations. Sixtythree percent of the operations were performed for limb salvage. Eightyeight percent of the operations were performed with the distal anastomosis below the knee joint. The longerm patency rates for those grafts with good run off was significantly better (p = .036) than for those with poor run-off and the addition of a lumbar sympathectomy was found not to significantly alter the longterm patency rates. Re-operation for graft failure in the first 448 hours after operation was found to be worthwhile procedure giving a cumulative patency rate of 59.9% at five years. A five year cumulative patency rate of 57% is reported and autogenous vein bypass is considered a worthwhile procedure for limb salvage and some selected claudicants with femoro-popliteal arterial disease. PMID- 7364858 TI - The "iliac vein compression syndrome" and lower limb vascular access for hemodialysis. AB - A chronic renal failure patient requiring an access vein for hemodialysis underwent an a-v shunting procedure in the left leg. Post operative proliferating edema of the limb warranted further investigation and iliac vein obstruction syndrome was discovered which existed occulty until venous insufficiency was precipitated by the construction of the a-v shunt. Ilio-caval by-pass graft was capable of correcting the high venous pressure and ensuring the patency of the a v shunt. This occult syndrome appears to be present in a high precentage of autopsy findings and occurs predominantly on the left side in young females. It is proposed that this high risk groups undergo radionuclide venography before any vascular procedure is undertaken in order to ensure a patent iliac vein. PMID- 7364857 TI - Experience with arterial substitutes in the construction of vascular access for hemodialysis. AB - Thirty autogenous saphenous vein grafts, 91 modified bovine heterografts and 96 PTFE grafts were used in the construction of vascular access for hemodialysis. The indication for the use of an arterial substitute was the unavailability of suitable artery or vein for the construction of a standard subcutaneous arteriovenous fistula. Ten of these grafts were placed in the lower extremity while the rest were placed in either the forearm or upper arm. All three types of grafts provided an immediate satisfactory solution to a difficult problem. When compared in terms of longterm patency, the autogenous saphenous vein proved to be inferior to either the modified bovine heterograft or the PTFE graft. Comparing all three grafts, the PTFE graft is currently our vascular substitute of choice for patients requiring grafts for arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis. PMID- 7364859 TI - Compliance: a continuing problem with vascular grafts. AB - Compliance mismatch between host artery and synthetic vascular substitutes has rarely been mentioned in the literature as a possible cause of suture line disruption and damage to endothelial and platelet cells. In this paper we have attempted to elucidate on how compliance mismatch can predispose: (1) anastomotic rupture, (2) flow induced shear stres and, (3) reduced distal perfusion. We have concluded that in order to minimize all three of these factors the compliance of the vascular substitute should be equivalent to the host artery to which it is to be anastomosed. It appears that the factor which is most seriously affected by the compliance mismatch is the flow regimen in that flow separation regions forms at the distal anastomosis. Shear stresses, due to eddies in these regions of flow separation, are of significant magnitude to destroy endothelial cells lining the vascular wall and platelets existing in the boundary layer. PMID- 7364860 TI - Potential role of velocity and wall tension in vein graft failure. AB - The factors contributing to early thrombosis or late intimal proliferation in arterialized vein grafts were studied in seven dogs. Autologous jugular veins replaced a segment of the cervical carotid artery bilaterally. Thirty minutes after graft installation and six months later, graft and proximal artery diameter, arterial pressure and blood flow were measured and wall tension, vascular resistance, flow velocity and energy loss between proximal artery and graft were computed. The diameter ratio of proximal artery to graft increased by 37% (p less than 0.05). Velocity of flow within the graft averaged 87% less than that in the proximal artery (p less than 0.05) and decreased by 58% after six months (p less than 0.05). Graft wall tension at both experimental periods was significantly higher than that of the proximal artery (p less than 0.05), increasing over six months by 91% (p less than 0.05). These results support contentions that low flow velocity contributes to early thrombosis of the graft and, that increased wall tension is significant factor in the pathogenesis of intimal thickening. PMID- 7364861 TI - Metabolic factors influencing indications and results of reconstructive surgery in peripheral atherosclerosis. AB - The incidence of risk factors at the time of operation and in the late postoperative course was evaluated in a series of patients operated upon for reconstruction of the aorto-iliac and femoro-popliteal tracts. The data reported seem to indicate a direct correlation between the long term patency rates of the arterial reconstructions and the incidence of the risk factors. PMID- 7364863 TI - The morphological changes of the endothelium to venous stasis as observed under the scanning electron microscope. AB - In this study using the pig, venous stasis is produced artificially by placing a pneumatic cuff around the hind leg of the anaesthetised animal and the cuff inflated intermittently. The period of stasis is three hours. The leg vein distal to the cuff is biopsied before and at intervals after the onset of stasis. The endothelium of the vein is examined under the scanning electron microscope. These findings suggest that venous stasis has a traumatic effect on the endothelium and cell injury is demonstrated within three minutes of the onset of stasis. With increasing period of stasis the endothelial cells are desquamated resulting in the exposure of the subendothelial basement membrane and collagen fibres. This is followed by aggregation of platelets and fibrin. It is postulated that the effect of venous stasis on the endothelium is a primary factor and may be important in the aetiology of clinical thrombogenesis. PMID- 7364862 TI - Effect of intra-arterial infusion of PGE1 in patients with severe ischemia of lower extremity. PMID- 7364864 TI - Indications and results of the surgical treatment in Raynaud's phenomenon. AB - 203 patients submitted in the last 20 years to surgery, first by Smithwick's sympathectomy, then by Adson's gangliectomy and lastly by Telford's gangliectomy, were controlled. The frequency of true Raynaud's disease is with time decreasing and is found today in the minority of the patients suffering from Raynaud's phenomenon and surgically treated. Immunological tests detect frequent associated autoimmune disorders to be treated before surgery. Surgical indication is today selective. For this reason long term results are improving: 90% of positive results in the last series against 73% and 60% respectively in the previous series. PMID- 7364865 TI - Invariability of blood viscosity after cold testing in patients suffering for Raynaud's disease. AB - The paper presents a study on the behaviour of blood and plasma viscosity before and after vasospastic crises induced by cold testing. The study was performed in 10 subjects with Raynaud's disease and in control group of 10 normal subjects. The data obtained do not suggest correlation between variation in viscosity and angiospastic crises. PMID- 7364866 TI - Sexual function after bilateral lumbar sympathectomy and aorto-iliac by-pass surgery. AB - Sexual function has been assessed in 44 patients under 60 years old after bilateral lumbar sympathectomy. 21 had lumbar sympathectomy alone, but in 23 it was combined with by-pass aorto-iliac surgery. Half these patients produced seminal fluid for analysis and spermatozoa were present in all. In those patients who also had aorto-iliac surgery, sexual function was impairedin 40%, ejaculation and erection difficulties occurring in the same proportion. In patients who had only bilateral sympathectomy, these complications occurred in 24% and mainly consisted of ejaculation disturbances. Only three patients became impotent, each having had aortic surgery. Serious sexual complications caused by lumbar sympathectomy alone seem relatively rare and should only preclude its use in young men wishing to reproduce. PMID- 7364867 TI - Total correction of tetralogy of Fallot following palliation. AB - Fifty three patients with Tetralogy of Fallot were totally corrected following palliation. Intracardiac repair was not adversely influenced by a Blalock Taussig shunt or a Waterston shunt which did not produce kinking of the RPA. The results were less satisfactory after correction following a Potts shunt or a Waterston shunt with kinking at the site of the anastomosis. PMID- 7364868 TI - Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of terbutaline in patients after open heart surgery. AB - In 10 patients after mitral or/and aortic valve replacement, terbutaline was given intramuscularly (10 mcg/kg body wt.) to see what cardiovascular and respiratory effects were produced. A marked cardiovascular effect was seen. Increase in heart rate (20%) was of sinus or atrial origin, no ventricular arrhythmias were seen. Cardiac index rose (46%) left and right stroke work increased (18%, 31%); systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased (32%, 19%); Arterial oxygen tension decreased from 134 to 102 mmHg (24%); O2 consumption remained unchanged. Except for an increase in compliance no changes in respiratory dynamics occurred in the total respiratory system. Terbutaline's cardiovascular effects, its low toxicity, lack of ventricular arrhythmias and unchanged oxygen consumption, indicate that it could be useful to patients where an increase in cardiac output and improvement in peripheral circulation is needed. PMID- 7364869 TI - Dissection of the aorta mimicking lung tumour. AB - A case of dissection of the aorta mimicking a lung tumour is described. The clinical presentation, investigations and management of the case are discussed. Surgical resection and replacement of the involved aortic segment, was successfully undertaken. PMID- 7364870 TI - Ribosome binding sites visualized on freeze-fractured membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. AB - Freeze-fracture micrographs of cells of the green alga Micrasterias denticulata stabilized by ultrarapid freezing reveal imprints of polysomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes. The imprints appear as broad, spiral ridges on the P faces and as corresponding wide grooves on the E faces of the membranes. Distinct 110-A particles with a spacing of 270 +/- 45 A are associated with the P face ridges. Where imprints of individual ribosomes can be discerned, it is seen that there is a 1:1 relationship between the ribosomes and the 110-A particles, and that the 110-A particles are located in a peripheral position with respect to the polysome spirals. We propose that the 110-A particles could be structural equivalents of ribosome-binding sites, consisting of a molecule each of ribophorins I and II and a nascent polypeptide chain. These observations suggest that the spiral form of polysomes could result from the forces generated by the extrusion of the growing polypeptide chains to one side of the polysome. PMID- 7364871 TI - Nonlinear current-voltage relationships in cultured macrophages. AB - Intracellular recordings of cultured mouse thioglycolate-induced peritoneal exudate macrophages reveal that these cells can exhibit two different types of electrophysiological properties characterized by differences in their current voltage relationships and their resting membrane potentials. The majority of cells had low resting membrane potentials (-20 to -40 mV) and displayed current voltage relationships that were linear for inward-going current pulses and rectifying for outward-going pulses. Small depolarizing transients, occurring either spontaneously or induced by current pulses, were seen in some cells with low resting membrane potentials. A second smaller group of cells exhibited more hyperpolarized resting membrane potentials (-60 to -90 mV) and S-shaped current voltage relationships associated with a high-resistance transitional region. Cells with S-shaped current-voltage relationships sometimes exhibited two stable states of membrane potential on either side of the high-resistance transitional region. These data indicate that macrophages exhibit complex electrophysiological properties often associated with excitable cells. PMID- 7364872 TI - Adaptive alteration in phospholipid composition of plasma membranes from a somatic cell mutant defective in the regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis. AB - A somatic cell mutant (CR1) of a Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO-K1) which has previously been shown to be defective in the regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis accumulates more cholesterol than the parental cell line in plasma membranes. Although such an increase in membrane cholesterol should lead to an increase in the order parameter of these membranes, as measured with an electron spin resonance spin probe, the order parameters of mutant and wild-type plasma membranes are identical--apparently because of an adaptive alteration in membrane phospholipid composition. The phospholipid compositions of mutant and wild-type cell plasma membranes are compared and the mutant is shown to have a threefold higher level of oleic acid and a twofold lower level of phosphatidylethanolamine than the wild type. These results are consistent with model studies which show that these compositional changes lead to lower-order parameters for phospholipid dispersions. PMID- 7364873 TI - Distribution of immunoglobulin G receptors in the small intestine of the young rat. AB - Conjugates of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were used to map the distribution of cell surface receptors that can bind IgG at 0 degrees C within the small intestine of 10-12-d-old rats. Luminal receptors are present only within the duodenum and proximal jejunum. In these locations, receptors are limited to absorptive cells that line the upper portion of individual villi. Near villus tips, receptors are relatively evenly distributed over the entire luminal plasmalemma. In the midregion of villi, receptors are unevenly distributed over the luminal surface. Receptors (a) specifically bind rat and rabbit IgG, (b) recognize the Fc portion of the immunoglobulins, and (c) bind at pH 6.0 but not pH 7.4. To determine whether IgG receptors are confined to the luminal portion of the plasmalemma, intact epithelial cells were isolated from the proximal intestine of 10-12-d-old rats and incubated with HRP conjugates at 0 degree C. The specific binding of rat IgG-HRP to cells at pH 6.0 indicates that IgG receptors, which are functionally similar to those found on the luminal surface, are also present over the entire abluminal surface of absorptive cells. These results are consistent with the transport of IgG to the abluminal plasma membrane in the form of IgG-receptor complexes on the surface of vesicles. Exposure of these complexes to the serosal plasma, which is presumably at pH 7.4, would cause release of IgG from the receptors. To assess possible inward movement of vesicles from the abluminal surface after discharge of IgG, intravenously injected HRP was used as a space-filling tracer in the serosal plasma. HRP could be visualized within the coated and tubular vesicles responsible for transport of IgG in the opposite direction. These vesicles may, therefore, provide a pathway whereby receptors shuttle between the luminal and abluminal surfaces of cells. PMID- 7364874 TI - Kinetics of fusion of the cytoplasmic granules with phagocytic vacuoles in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Biochemical and morphological studies. AB - This study on human neutrophils was conducted to measure the kinetics of degranulation of the different cytoplasmic granules into phagocytic vacuoles, and to relate the timing of these events to the burst of respiration that accompanies phagocytosis by these cells. Purified neutrophils were incubated with latex particles opsonized with human immunoglobulin (Ig)G, and phagocytosis was stopped at timed intervals. The cells were examined by electron microscopy to document the sequence of degranulation of the cytoplasmic granules. The azurophil granules and lyosomes were identified by histochemical staining for peroxidase and acid phosphatase, respectively. Phagocytic vacuoles were separated from cell homogenates by floatation on sucrose gradients and assayed for contained lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, and acid hydrolases. The conclusions drawn from the biochemical and morphological studies were in agreement and indicated: particle uptake and vacuole closure can be completed within 20 s; both the specific and azurophil granules fuse with the phagocytic vacuole much earlier than is generally appreciated, with half-saturation times of 39 s (99% confidence limits, 15-72); oxygen consumption has kinetics similar to those of the fusion of these granules with the phagosome; degranulation of the acid hydrolases beta glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (biochemical assays), and acid phosphatase (biochemical assay and electron microscopic cytochemistry) have kinetics of degranulation that are similar to each other but totally different from and much slower than that of myeloperoxidase with half-saturation times of between 354 and 682 s (99% confidence limits, 246-883). This suggests that the acid hydrolases are not co-located with myeloperoxidase in the azurophil granule but are contained in distinct lysosomes, or "tertiary granules". PMID- 7364875 TI - Differential involvement of cell surface sialic acid residues in wheat germ agglutinin binding to parental and wheat germ agglutinin-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Two Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutants selected for resistance to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) have been shown to exhibit defective sialylation of membrane glycoproteins and a membrane glycolipid, GM3. The mutants (termed WgaRII and WgaRIII) have been previously shown to belong to different genetic complementation groups and to exhibit different WGA-binding abilities. These mutants and a WGA-resistant CHO cell mutant termed WgaRI (which also possesses a surface sialylation defect arising from a deficient N acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity), have enabled us to investigate the role of sialic acid in WGA binding at the cell surface. Scatchard plots of the binding of 125I-WGA (1 ng/ml to 1 mg/ml) to parental and WgaR CHO cells before and after a brief treatment with neuraminidase provide evidence for several different groups of sialic acid residues at the CHO cell surface which may be distinquished by their differential involvement in WGA binding to CHO cells. PMID- 7364877 TI - More evidence for replication-transcription-coupling in Physarum polycephalum. AB - Endogenous RNA polymerase activity of isolated nuclei from Physarum polycephalum was determined at high (400 mM KCl) and low (5--100 mM KCl) ionic strength. The activity of RNA polymerase B (alpha-amanitin-sensitive UMP incorporation) and of RNA polymerase A (plus C) (alpha-amanitin-resistant UMP incorporation) was compared in accurately sized nuclear samples derived from macroplasmodia at distinct points of the mitotic cycle. Minimum total RNA polymerase activity was detected in metaphase nuclei. A constant level of RNA polymerase B activity was detected at all other stages of the mitotic cycle, if nuclei were assayed at high ionic strength. However, a high level in S-phase, a low level in G2-phase and again a high level in early prophase were measured, if nuclei were assayed at low ionic strength. Inhibition of DNA synthesis by hydroxyurea in vivo had a selective and drastic effect on in vitro RNA polymerase activity of isolated nuclei derived from S-phase plasmodia, yielding up to 100% inhibition in early S phase. PMID- 7364876 TI - Differential effect of thrombin on the growth of human fibroblasts. AB - The ability of thrombin to alter the growth of human skin fibroblasts was studied under a variety of experimental conditions. In agreement with previous reports, we obtained a moderate level of cell growth in confluent cultures using 0.5-8.0 U/ml of thrombin. In subconfluent cultures, the effect was strikingly different and was found to be dependent upon the time in culture when the enzyme was added. Cultures exposed to thrombin 24 h after subculturing showed growth stimulation several days later. In contrast, thrombin added at the time of cell plating produced a complete block of DNA synthesis and cell growth that lasted for at least 3 d. Cells exposed to thrombin under these conditions were morphologically altered and smaller. These thrombin-induced effects were reversible and could be completely prevented by pretreatment of the enzyme with hirudin before it was added to the culture medium. Growth inhibition and altered morphology were found to be the result of changes generated in the growth medium by thrombin and could be blocked by higher serum concentrations. The results of this study indicate that thrombin's influence on cell growth can be stimulatory or inhibitory and suggest that the state of the cell surface determines the response. PMID- 7364878 TI - Red blood cell adhesion. II. Interferometric examination of the interaction with hydrocarbon oil and glass. AB - Using both living and glutaraldehyde-fixed red cells, we have examined adhesion to both oil/saline and glass/saline interfaces by interference reflection microscopy. At low ionic strength, 0.4 mM NaCl, fixed cells adherent to the oil/saline interface show first order whitish yellow zones of closest approach which indicate a separation of similar to or approximately 100 nm. Quantitative interferometry in monochromatic light supports this conclusion. As the salt concentration is increased the separation decreases and the final image shows zero-order black which probably indicates molecular contact with the interface. Similar but less reproducible results were obtained with fixed and unfixed cells on glass. Thes observations show that physical interactions alone can be responsible for adhesion in dilute and concentrated salt solutions. It is not, however, believed that the results necessarily imply the existence of adhesion with a gap in physiological concentrations of salt. PMID- 7364879 TI - Red blood cell adhesion. III. Analysis of forces. AB - The results of experiments on the adhesion of glutaraldehyde-fixed red blood cells to both polarizable metal/saline and liquid hexadecane/saline interfaces have been analysed in terms of physical forces. The results show that the electrostatic repulsions sufficient to prevent adhesion to these test surfaces are remarkably similar, and that a force-balance condition is predicted at cell substratum separations similar to or approximately 100 nm in 0.4 mM NaCl as found by interferometry. From the repulsive force the size of the attractive force can be found. If this is viewed as an electrodynamic attraction, the force coefficient is found to lie between 5 and 8 x 10(-14) erg (5 and 8 x 10(-21)J), a range in reasonable correspondence with measurements in physical systems. PMID- 7364881 TI - Clonal death associated with the number of fissions in Paramecium caudatum. AB - Contrary to an earlier report suggesting clonal immortality in Paramecium caudatum, the clones of the same species in this study terminated inevitably with a maximal life-span of 658 fissions and showed, prior to clonal death, decreased fission rate, increased probability of the appearance of non-dividing or dead cells after cell division, and increased frequency of morphological abnormality and of division asynchrony. Clonal senescence and death after a limited number of fissions was reproducible even if subclones derived from the original clone of a known fission age were examined again after a lag of 468 days. These results indicate that clones of P. caudatum are mortal and that they use fissions, not days, to measure life-span. Possible causes for the discrepancies between the earlier report and the present one are discussed. PMID- 7364880 TI - Cell proliferation and migration on collagen substrata in vitro. AB - Quantitative data are presented regarding cell proliferation and migration on (a) collagen films (b) the surface of 3-dimensional gels of native collagen fibres and (c) within the 3-dimensional collagen gel matrix, as part of a study of the effects of the extracellular matrix on cell behaviour. The nature of the collagen environment was found to influence the proliferation of certain cell types, but not of others. For example, HeLa cells proliferate at approximately the same rate and reach the same saturation cell densities on all of the collagen substrata, while human skin fibroblasts grow more slowly within the 3-dimensional collagen gel matrix compared with cells either on the gel surface or on collagen films. The 3-dimensional gels of native collagen fibres may also be used to study cell migration on the gel surface, as well as cell migration (or 'infiltration') from the gel surface into the 3-dimensional collagen matrix. Two methods have been used to obtain quantitative information concerning cell infiltration into the collagen gel, one involving the selective removal of cells from the gel surface, while the other relies on direct microscopic examination. Of the cells examined to date, epithelial cells (both normal and tumour) do not show infiltrative behaviour, while both normal and virally transformed fibroblasts, as well as tumour cells of non-epithelial origin (e.g. melanoma), do infiltrate into the collagen gel matrix, at rates which vary considerably according to cell type. PMID- 7364882 TI - Ultrastructure of modified root-tip cells in Ficus carica, induced by the ectoparasitic nematode Xiphinema index. AB - The migratory ectoparasitic root nematode Xiphinema index, added to Ficus carica seedlings in sterile agar culture, fed exclusively on the tips of the roots. As a response the tips started to swell and became transformed into terminal galls as long as feeding was continued. When the cytology of swollen root-tips was examined 24 h after the first nematode attack, necrotic cells, scattered singly or in small groups within the root apex, were found in ultrathin sections. These cells, whose protoplasts showed features of a hypersensitive reaction, were most probably those fed upon by nematodes. Each necrotic cell was surrounded by several enlarged, mostly binucleate cells with dense cytoplasm. One day later the binucleate cells were multinucleate, containing 4 or even 8 nuclei. The clear-cut demarcation between necrotic and modified cells indicated that only the stimulus for the induction of modified cells but not the stimulus for cell necrosis passed into neighbouring cells. Root-tip galls that provided the appropriate food for egg production in nematodes contained greatly enlarged multinucleate cells between necrotic cells. The modified cells showed features of high metabolic activities, expressed in nuclear and nucleolar hypertrophy, invagination of the nuclear envelope, increased cytoplasmic density, abundance of mitochondria, plastids and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Wall ingrowths, typical of transfer cells, were rare and if present occurred only adjacent to necrotic cells. In older modified cells new cell plates, surrounded by phragmoplasts, were formed. PMID- 7364883 TI - Cytological studies on physodes in the vegetative cells of Cystoseira stricta Sauvageau (Phaeophyta, Fucales). AB - Physodes have been recognized in meristodermic and promeristematic cells by correlated light- and electron-microscope investigations using different fixation procedures. They are vesicles which contain an osmiophilic material of phenolic nature. Their content changes in appearence according to the fixative used. Osmiophilic deposits are often associated with coiled and disturbed lamellar formations. It has been possible to distinguish several ultrastructural stages which occur during the secretion of the content of the physodes, namely: a chloroplast accumulation and exudation, and a reticular transport to accumulation vacuoles where materials undergo evolution or hydrolysis. Inside plastids, osmiophilic granules are found in close association with thylakoid stacks. They may contain the polyphenolic precursors of physodes, though this has not yet been proved by electron-microscopy procedures. They are expelled from plastids to the chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum. The mechanism of transfer through the chloroplast envelope endoplasmic reticulum. The mechanism of transfer through the chloroplast envelope remains to be elucidated. Lytic activities have been reported inside physodes which might thus act in the same way as the secondary lysosomes of animals and higher plants. Occasionally, the physode content seems to be excreted from the cytoplasm to the cell walls by exocytosis after the probable fusion of plasmalemma and tonoplast. These cytological changes, observed in the vegetative apex of a brown alga, recall some ultrastructural characteristics of the secretory processes described in various glandular tissues of higher plants and which consist of the synthesis, the transport and the elimination of an exudate of flavonic, terpenic or lipophenolic nature. PMID- 7364884 TI - The effect of chloramphenicol, ethidium bromide and cycloheximide on mortality and mitochondrial protein synthesis of adult blowflies. AB - The effects of cycloheximide, chloramphenicol and ethidium bromide on the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala were studied. In the first set of experiments, toxic levels were determined by examining activity and mortality of flies after injection of various doses of each drug. In the second set of experiments, the effect of drug treatment on flight muscle mitochondrial protein synthesis was determined in relation to age by following the incorporation of radioactively labelled amino acid, [3H]leucine, into mitochondrial protein in vivo. To confirm the developmental changes in flight muscle mitochondria, mitochondrial protein content per fly was estimated from emergence to 30 days of age; the highest protein level was recorded between 6 and 10 days of age. Maximum incorporation of labelled amino acid was found in newly emerged flies, and this age group was also the most sensitive to drug treatment. By the time flies had reached 6--10 days of age, amino acid incorporation had declined to about two-thirds of the rate obtained with newly emerged flies. With 6--10-day old flies, however, the highest value for flight muscle mitochondrial protein per fly was recorded, and these flies also displayed the greatest resistance to drug treatment of any age group investigated. For example, inhibition of protein synthesis following injection of 300 micrograms/fly of chloramphenicol was only about 15% below the untreated control in 6-10-day-old flies, whereas in all other age groups investigated, inhibition ranged between 30 and 50% of the controls. At 15--20 days of age, protein synthesis decreased to a third of the newly emerged flies' rate and continued to decrease further in the 30--35-day-old group, where it was less than one sixth of the youngest age group. The effect of drug treatment on these older flies was also less than that observed with newly emerged flies, especially after chloramphenicol and ethidium bromide injections. The effect of cycloheximide however, was much the same in all age groups, with inhibition of protein synthesis being 80--90% of controls. Surprisingly, cycloheximide (1--10 micrograms/fly) had little initial effect on mortality of young flies, despite almost complete blockage in the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins at these concentrations. 95% mortality occurred only when doses of 20 micrograms/fly were given. In contrast, high doses of chloramphenicol (400 micrograms/fly) and ethidium bromide (15 micrograms/fly) caused almost total mortality a few hours after injection, although such doses never induced more than about 50% inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Each drug therefore has a different site of inhibition and induces different mortality effects. Possible explanations for these differences in mortality are discussed. PMID- 7364886 TI - The nucleolus in telophase, interphase and prophase. AB - The ultrastructure of telophase to interphase has been followed in a green alga, Spirogyra submargaritata. A series of changes transitional between the late anaphase chromatid, the decondensing chromatid of telophase, and the 'pale fibrillar material' occupying channels in the nucleolus at interphase have been demonstrated. Early stages in the regeneration of the nucleolus are described. It has been shown that the pale fibrillar material in the nucleolus is attached to, and continuous with, the fully condensed (chromocentric) part of the nucleolar organizing chromosome at interphase. It is also shown that in early prophase, the channels in the nucleolonema of the nucleolus are no longer occupied by pale fibrillar material, but instead a long section of condensed chromosome is present, traversing the nucleolonema. It is contended that these observations taken together constitute evidence that the pale fibrillar material of the nucleolus is the chromatin of the nucleolar-organizing region of the chromosome, expanded for transcription. A model of the nucleolus as it is seen in most electron-microscope sections, and as it can be interpreted in the light of present-day knowledge about it, is presented. A brief review of the relevant literature considers the views supporting the mode, and the contrary views, implicating the use of the term 'nucleolar organizer', that are still current at the present time. PMID- 7364885 TI - Biochemical and ultrastructural studies on flight muscle mitochondria from the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala following treatment by chloramphenicol and ethidium bromide. AB - Adult blowflies were injected during the first day after eclosion with various concentrations of the drugs chloramphenicol and ethidium bromide. Previous experiments had shown that these drugs inhibit mitochondrial protein synthesis and at high doses increase mortality. Mitochondria isolated from blowflies 24 h after drug injection revealed a considerable decrease in oxidation rates when pyruvate plus proline were used as substrates. There was also a reduction up to 50% in the respiratory control ratios obtained, though there was little change in the measurable ADP: O ratios. This loss in activity was commensurate with the finding that both drugs block the rapid increase in protein synthesis (expressed as mitochondrial protein content) during the period of observation. Examination of the cytochrome difference spectra 24 h after treatment again showed a decline in all major cytochrome peaks with increasing concentration of both drugs. Examination of mitochondrial morphology in situ using electron microscopy revealed degenerative changes 24 h after treatment with high doses of both drugs. In particular, irregular alignment of cristae and extensive vacuolation were observed within the mitochondria. The extent of decreased biochemical activity and morphological damage to mitochondria was clearly dependent on the concentration of drugs administered and such changes may be attributed primarily to a loss of certain polypeptide subunits coded for by mitochondrial DNA and synthesized on mitochondrial ribosomes. PMID- 7364887 TI - Nematocyte migration in hydra: evidence for contact guidance in vivo. AB - Nematocytes rapidly emigrate from normal tissue implanted into an epithelial hydra, which lacks its own nematocytes. We observed emigrating nematocytes, both in time-lapse movies and in fixed whole mounts, to learn what controls directionality. The cells migrate at speeds of 10--30 microns/min with a pseudopod forward and the capsule trailing. Migration is aligned parallel to the polyp axis, but cells move both proximally and distally and often shuttle back and forth. Thus, migration is strongly bidirectional, with a slight distal bias since at any time more cells are moving towards the tentacles. Nematocytes freely migrate through tissue of reversed polarity. No evidence was found for a chemotactic stimulus emitted from the tentacles. The bidirectional movement pattern appeared to be imposed by epithelial muscle processes, which form an axial, fibrous mat on which nematocytes migrate. Experimental deformation of the muscle alignment results in a corresponding deformation of nematocyte migration. Thus, nematocyte migration appears to be bidirectionally oriented through contact guidance by epithelial muscle processes. PMID- 7364888 TI - Cell junctions in the excitable epithelium of bioluminescent scales on a polynoid worm: a freeze-fracture and electrophysiological study. AB - The bioluminescent scales of the polynoid worm Acholoe are covered by a dorsal and ventral monolayer of epithelium. The luminous activity is intracellular and arises from the ventral epithelial cells, which are modified as photocytes. Photogenic and non-photogenic epithelial cells have been examined with regard to intercellular junctions and electrophysiological properties. Desmosomes, septate and gap junctions are described between all the epithelial cells. Lanthanum impregnation and freeze-fracture reveal that the septate junctions belong to the pleated-type found in molluscs, arthropods and other annelid tissues. Freeze fractured gap junctions show polygonal arrays of membrane particles on the P face and complementary pits on the E face. Gap junctions are of the P type as reported in vertebrate, mollusc and some annelid tissues. Intracellular current passage also induces propagated non-overshooting action potentials in all the epithelial cells; in photocytes, an increase of injected current elicits another response which is a propagated 2-component overshooting action potential correlated with luminous activity. This study shows the coexistence of septate and gap junctions in a conducting and excitable invertebrate epithelium. The results are discussed in relation to the functional roles of intercellular junctions in invertebrate epithelia. It is concluded that the gap junctions found in this excitable epithelium represent the structural sites of the cell-to-cell propagation of action potentials. PMID- 7364889 TI - Motive force of the migrating pseudoplasmodium of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Motive forces of migrating pseudoplasmodia (slugs) of Dictyostelium discoideum were determined by application of a double-chamber method. The motive force of a whole slug was proportional to its volume, the value per unit volume being 5.85 x 10(-6) dyne/cm3 (58.5 N cm-3). The motive force was independent of temperature (13.5--26 degrees C) and decreased during prolonged migration. Motive force per unit volume of an anterior isolate of a slug was much larger than that of a posterior isolate, their weighted mean being approximately equal to that of a whole slug. These results agree well with the predictions previously made using a model based on analyses of migrating velocities of slugs. The motive force per unit volume of either isolate was soon regulated to reach the normal value of an intact slug after several hours of isolation, concurrently with conversion of cell types between prestalk and prespore cells. The possibility that motive force of each cell is determined by its cell type is discussed in relation to cell sorting. PMID- 7364890 TI - Electron-microscope study of Dictyostelium discoideum plasma membrane and its modifications during and after phagocytosis. AB - The study of plasma membrane and phagosome membrane of Dictyostelium discoideum was performed using 2 lectins: concanavalin A (Con A) and Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA), and 2 markers of anionic sites: colloidal iron hydroxide (CIH) and cationized ferritin (CF). These labellings were applied to fixed partially broken cells, which had ingested a large quantity of yeast. They showed that Con A and CF labelled both the outer and inner faces of the plasma membrane, whereas CIH and WGA were deposited on the outer face only. Phagosome membranes displayed the same location as the plasma membrane for Con A, CF and CIH even in very old phagosomes. This suggests that most receptors of these 3 markers were not degraded by hydrolases. In contrast, phagosome membranes of young and old phagosomes did not react with WGA. When labellings were made on yeast phagocytozing cells, the membrane of phagocytic cups were also devoid of WGA, while it was labelled with the 3 other markers. The absence of WGA labelling was not observed during ingestion of bacteria and latex beads, suggesting a specific relationship existed between yeast cells and WGA receptors. PMID- 7364891 TI - Relationships between anionic sites and lectin receptors in the plasma membrane of Dictyostelium discoideum and their role in phagocytosis. AB - The disappearance of Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) receptors from the membrane of yeast-engulfing-phagocytic cups in Dictyostelium suggested that these receptors could play a role in yeast adsorption or ingestion. This problem was approached by comparing the fate of WGA, Concanavalin A (Con A) and cationized ferritin (CF) and their effects on the phagocytosis of yeast, bacteria and latex beads. It can be concluded that CF capped in about 30 min and inhibited phagocytosis of any kind of particles for about 15 min. Con A capped in 20--60 min and inhibited phagocytosis of all particles for 1 h 30 min. The time at which phagocytosis started to occur corresponded approximately to the moment at which large areas of plasma membrane were totally devoid of marker. WGA did not cap but induced the formation of large and tight aggregates. The surface of the peripheral cells progressively released WGA in 1 h 30 min. Afterwards, the cells were able to ingest latex beads and bacteria but did not phagocytoze yeast. The latter started to be adsorbed onto the cells and to be ingested only 1 h later. Double labelling experiments showed that CF and Con A receptors were still absent in the plasma membrane, when phagocytosis of any kind of particles started to occur. WGA labelled cells ingested latex beads and bacteria when their plasma membrane was still devoid of WGA receptors but were able to ingest yeast only after their regeneration. These observations strongly suggest that WGA receptors may correspond to specific receptors for yeast phagocytosis. PMID- 7364892 TI - [Substernal goitre. Report of 45 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Among 1,000 operated goiters excluding hyperthyroidism, 45 were compressives (4,5%). Epidemiologic factors were elderly patients, ancient unoperated goiters and recidivism of formerly operated goiters. 1. Prognosis is not hopeless since 60% of compressive goiters were benign. On the other hand, the 40% carcinoma growed swiftly, being either anaplastic or follicular but with local or metastatic extension. 2. Clinical aspect is of no use to ascertain benignity or malignity. Extemporaneous histological examination may be falsely reassuring; but the discovery of a carcinoma allows more appropriate operation. 3. In case of acute dyspnea, only tracheal intubation has to be done in emergency. Intubation is always possible. But the operation has to be done later in better technical conditions. Technique and errors to avoid are exposed in details. 4. Complications are scarce. Tracheomalacia never occured. But laryngeal edema or recurential palsy may need a few days intubation. Technical aspects in order to avoid compressive hematoma as well as sequelae are described. PMID- 7364893 TI - [Carcinoma of transverse colon (author's transl)]. AB - A personal series of 83 cases of carcinoma of transverse colon has been analysed, as the recent works of international literature. The low percentage of success of these cancers is justified by the anatomical conditions and the pathological findings. Particularly, this prognosis is made worse by the high percentage of multivisceral cancers, hepatic metastases and emergency cases. The operative technics are very different. Beside the typical resections (right or left hemicolectomy), there remains one more important place for segmental colectomy. At least the subtotal colectomy gets some more indications, especially in the high risk patients. Only 28% of the resected cases shows a 5 years survival rate. This percentage is nearly the same as most of the recents statistics. PMID- 7364894 TI - [Massive pulmonary embolism due to post-traumatic pseudo-aneurysm due to rupture of the left hepatic artery, revealed by dissecting aneurysm below the capsule of the right lobe of the liver (author's transl)]. AB - We report a case of trauma of the left lobe of the liver causing left centro hepatic contusion (stage III) revealed by infective jaundice. Secondarily, the appearance of a right subcapsular hematoma corrected the diagnosis, permitting the authors to proceed to angiographic exploration and consider operation on the right side, but the patient had a massive pulmonary embolism. This case recalls the diagnostic difficulties soon after a contusion, the diffusion of a hematoma under pressure from left to right, then from the liver towards the hepatic venous system, the risk of pulmonary embolism, from an aneurysm of the hepatic artery. PMID- 7364895 TI - [Intestinal pouches for slowing transit after extensive enterectomy. Experimental study in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - The experimental study of three types of intestinal pouch for slowing transit was carried out in the rat after resection of 75% of the small intestine. The consequences of these pouches are analysed compared with control animals have undergone the same resection alone. The slowing of the transit confirmed to opaque radiography of the small intestine was particularly marked in all three types of pouch. Statistical analysis of weight curves showed the existence of a favourable statistical difference for certain types of pouch from the fifth postoperative day onwards. Construction of pouches is in the rat one of the most effective procedures for slowing transit. PMID- 7364896 TI - [Calcified renal cysts (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report three cases of calcified renal cysts containing blood. The discovery was made by chance on straight X ray of the abdomen. It gives a round image, finely calcified, its position is not always obvious, especially when it develops forewards. Whether it deforms or not the urinary tract, this echogenic mass on echotomography, is avascular on arteriography. As all renal diseases, cysts, tumours, vascular anomalies, dysplasias, infections, may become calcified, the diagnosis is not always easy. The absence of central calcifications, and the purely peripheral position of the calcifications limits the discussion to three differential diagnoses when the mass is peripheral: carcinoma of the kidney, hydatid cyst, and calcified cyst containing blood. The parasitic immunological reactions and renal arteriography should lead to the diagnosis. When in doubt, surgical exploration is indicated. It permits kystectomy and pathological examination. PMID- 7364897 TI - [Plea for better terminology in surgery of the profunda femoris artery (author's transl)]. AB - Surgical publications on the profunda femoris artery rarely give information on the site of the operation and the technic used. Experience of 356 operations carried out from 1949 to 1978 by the authors and anatomical dissection of 100 profunda femoris arteries is reported. They suggest the elimination of all imprecise terms at present attached to these operations and their replacement by a more lengthy but more understandable vocabulary, together with an attempt to classify the profunda femoris artery in two groups and its nomenclature in 4 segments, more adaptable to surgery of this artery. PMID- 7364899 TI - [Myocardial metabolism after one hour of anoxia and deep generalised hypothermia. Experimental study in the dog (author's transl)]. AB - Fifteen young dogs weighing less than six kilograms underwent circulatory arrest for one hour and profound hypothermia with extra-corporeal circulation. During reperfusion, myocardial metabolism was studied by comparing the oxygen arterio venus (02 A-V) difference and lactate consumption at different temperatures. As the myocardial temperature rose, 02 A-V difference increased from 4 vl/100 cc at 25 degrees C to 10 vol/100 cc and K1 lactate balance rose from -19,3% to + 8% which indicates a large increase in lactate consumption. This study shows that profound and generalized hypothermia ensures good myocardial protection during at least one hour of ischemia. This experimental study confirms results obtained with other forms of cardiac hypothermia. PMID- 7364900 TI - Modification of assays for the routine analysis of 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylglycol in urine by electron-capture gas chromatography. AB - Urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol has been reliably assayed on a routine basis using an electron-capture detector method. Modifications of previous procedures include simplifcation of extraction and derivatization of urine, inclusion of an internal standard, prevention of losses during concentration, use of each urine as its own standard, and better chromatographic resolution by lengthening of columns and programming temperature. The assay shows a coefficient of variation of 3.1%. PMID- 7364898 TI - [Interest of prolonged peridural anaesthesia in the treatment of thoracic injuries (author's transl)]. AB - Prolonged peridural analgesia relieves the pain and thanks to immediate return of ventilatory function avoids most complications of poor prognosis in mobile sternum. After a historical and pharmacological survey, the authors describe a standard technic, the course and the necessary supervision. The study of 29 cases of mobile sternum of variable gravity, treated in this way, permitted the authors to determine the indications and contra-indications and the role of associated treatments: physiotherapy, surgical fixation, respiratory assistance. The rare failures may benefit from another therapeutic method. PMID- 7364901 TI - Method for the determination of tryptophan in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7364902 TI - Simultaneous analysis of ATP, ADP, AMP, and other purines in human erythrocytes by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7364903 TI - Determination of methenamine in biological samples by gas-liquid chromatography. AB - Methenamine (hexamethylenetetramine), a urinary disinfectant, was determined in human plasma and urine by gas-liquid chromatography with a short (10 m) open-bore glass capillary column (split ratio 1:20) and nitrogen-selective detector. An almost quantitative recovery (92.1%) was achieved by simple dilution of water containing samples (0.5 ml) with acetone (4.5 ml). After centrifugation an aliquot (2 microliter) of the supernatant was injected into the gas chromatograph. Selectivity and sensitivity of the nitrogen detector allowed the quantitation of unchanged methenamine in plasma and urine up to 24 h after a single therapeutic dose of 1 g. Reproducibility of the method was 7.6 and 2.1% (C.V.) in serum and urine, respectively. The time required for the analysis of one sample was approx. 2 min. Due to the simple extraction and short analysis time it was possible to analyze the samples concurrently with sample taking. Absorption of standard tablets and an enterosoluble preparation of methenamine hippurate was compared. PMID- 7364904 TI - Comparative statistical study of assay methods using mass fragmentography and gas chromatography with nitrogen detection for determination of the tetracyclic antidepressant mianserin in human plasma. PMID- 7364905 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for cefoxitin in proteinaceous biological samples. PMID- 7364906 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic micro-assay for chloramphenicol in human blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7364907 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of phenylbutazone in body fluids. PMID- 7364908 TI - Quantification of oxprenolol in biological fluids using high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7364909 TI - Determination of chlordiazepoxide and its metabolites in human plasma by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7364910 TI - New rapid assay of theophylline in plasma by isotachophoresis. PMID- 7364911 TI - Electron-capture gas chromatography of plasma sulphonylureas after extractive methylation. AB - Conditions for the extractive alkylation of eight sulphonylurea hypoglycemic drugs have been evaluated. Extractive methylation of the compounds was achieved within 90 min using tetrabutylammonium as counter-ion (0.1 M at pH = 6.9) with 5% methyl iodide in dichloro-methane as organic phase. Mass spectral analysis showed derivatives methylated at the sulphonamide nitrogen. A higher pH or use of tetrapentylammonium as counter-ion caused hydrolysis of the sulphonylureas. The derivatives showed a high electron-capture response with minimum concentrations detectable in the range 1-4 x 10(-16) moles sec-1. Therapeutic plasma concentrations of glipzide and tolbutamide were determined by direct extractive methylation of the compounds from the plasma sample. The glipizide derivative was determined by electron-capture gas chromatography down to about 20 ng/ml in a 0.5 ml plasma sample. The relative standard deviation at the 0.2 microgram/ml level of glipizide was 6% (n = 6). The corresponding figure in the determination of tolbutamide at the 10 microgram/ml level was 3% (n = 10). PMID- 7364912 TI - Simplified method for determination of the tetracyclic antidepressant mianserin in human plasma using gas chromatography with nitrogen detection. AB - A simplified gas chromatographic method for determination of the antidepressant drug mianserin in human plasma is described. Application of a nitrogen-sensitive detector reduces the assay procedure to extraction, concentration and gas chromatographic determination. The method is suitable to determine mianserin in human plasma at the 1 ng/ml level on a routine basis. At the 20 ng/ml level the deviation of the mean from the true value and the relative standard deviation amount to 1.0% and 6.8%, respectively. PMID- 7364913 TI - Sensitive gas chromatographic assay for the quantitation of bretylium in plasma, urine and myocardial tissue. AB - A sensitive analytical method has been developed for the quantitation of bretylium in plasma, urine and myocardial tissue. Bretylium and the internal standard, UM-360 (o-iodobenzyltrimethylammonium), are extracted and isolated as the iodide salts. Sodium benzenethiolate is added and the mixture heated to 100 degrees for one hour. This results in the formation of 2-bromobenzyl phenyl thioether and 2-iodobenzyl phenyl thioether, which can be separated and quantitated by gas chromatography. Good reliability and reproducibility can be obtained using electron-capture detection with quantities of bretylium as small as 1 ng. PMID- 7364914 TI - Paired-ion chromatographic analysis of tamoxifen and two major metabolites in plasma. AB - A method is described for the clinical analysis of the non-steroidal anti estrogenic, antineoplastic agent, tamoxifen and its 4-hydroxy and N-desmethyl metabolites in human plasma. The analytes are extracted from biological fluid with diethyl ether and subsequently converted to fluorescent phenanthrene derivatives by irradiation with UV light. The fluorophores are separated by paired-ion chromatography on a reversed-phase (C18) column. Spectrofluorometric monitoring of the column eluent allows quantitation of analytes as their phenanthrene derivatives to levels of 100 pg/ml of plasma. PMID- 7364915 TI - Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatographic determinations of aminopyrine and its metabolites in man. AB - A quantitative high-performance liquid chromatographic method, using a polystyrene-divinyl benzene (Hitachi No. 3010 gel) column and aqueous methanol as the mobile phase, was employed for the determination of aminopyrine and its related compounds, 4-acetyl-aminoantipyrine, 4-aminoantipyrine and 4 monomethylaminoantipyrine. Baseline separation could be achieved within 25 min. The method was applied to the recovery of these materials from control urine and human urine. Before separation human urine was adjusted to pH 9 and extracted with ethyl acetate, chloroform and diethyl ether. PMID- 7364916 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of carbamazepine metabolites excreted in rat urine. AB - A procedure for the separation and isolation of the urinary metabolites of carbamazepine by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is described. After extraction from urine, the metabolites were separated on either an analytical or semi-preparative C18 mu Bondapak column by gradient elution with methanol-water-acetic acid. Following derivatization the metabolites isolated by the use of the semi-preparative column were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 7364918 TI - Chromatographic analysis of griseofulvin and metabolites in biological fluids. AB - A simple and accurate assay for the determination of griseofulvin and its metabolites in biological fluids using high-performance liquid chromatography is described. Using a reversed phase column and a mobile phase solvent of 45% acetonitrile in 0.1 M acetic acid, baseline separation of griseofulvin and several analogues was obtained. The described method allows one to quantitatively determine griseofulvin, 6-demethylgriseofulvin, and griseofulvic acid, a newly identified metabolite in man, in urine and plasma samples. Treatment of plasma samples prior to the analysis is simply made by deproteinizing the samples with an equal volume of acetonitrile. For urine samples, the procedure involves diethyl ether extraction with subsequent evaporation to dryness and reconstitution with the mobile phase solvent. PMID- 7364917 TI - Determination of plasma mepindolol levels by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. AB - A method for determining the plasma concentration of the beta-receptor blocking agent mepindolol by high-performance liquid column chromatography (paired-ion chromatography) and electrochemical detection is described. Pindolol is used as an internal standard and the detection limit after extraction of 1 ml of plasma is less than 1 ng of mepindolol. Reproducible results can be obtained with relative standard deviations from replicate analyses of 5 ng/ml plasma samples within +/- 4.7%. The method is also suitable for quantification of plasma pindolol levels with mepindolol as an internal standard. PMID- 7364919 TI - Capillary column gas-liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay for 7 alpha hydroxy-5,11-diketotetranorprostane-1,16-dioic acid, the major human urinary metabolite of prostaglandins E1 and E2. PMID- 7364920 TI - Gas chromatographic retention indices of twenty metabolically important acylglycines as trimethylsilyl derivatives. PMID- 7364921 TI - Determination of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine in plasma and urine by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of the dansyl derivative. PMID- 7364922 TI - Phosphorus excretion in tumoral calcinosis: response to parathyroid hormone and acetazolamide. AB - The cause of hyperphosphatemia in patients with tumoral calcinosis never been explained. We studied two related patients who had tumoral calcinosis and hyperphosphatemia and two normal controls to determine their renal tubular response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and acetazolamide (ACZ). During baseline periods, the patients had abnormally low fractional excretion of phosphorus (FEP) despite their hyperphosphatemia. Values for patients were 0.114 and 0.128; for controls, values were 0.193 and 0.165. PTH caused an increase in FEP and urinary cAMP in both patients and controls. ACZ also increased FEP in both groups, and the effects of PTH and ACZ were additive, suggesting that patients with tumoral calcinosis have normal sensitivities to PTH and normal responses to ACZ. Levels of vitamin D metabolites in the patients were normal. We conclude that patients with tumoral calcinosis have a reduced ability to excrete phosphorus. This defect does not seem to be due to impaired PTH secretion, an abnormal phosphaturic response to this hormone, or a disturbance of vitamin D metabolism. PMID- 7364923 TI - Plasma immunoreactive calcitonin in lung cancer. PMID- 7364924 TI - Estimation of intracellular free triiodothyronine in man. AB - T3 RIA and measurements of dialyzable fraction T3 (DFT3) have been applied to human erythrocyte (RBC) cytoplasm in order to quantitate the intracellular free T3 (FT3) concentration in man. Mean intracellular T3, DFT3, and FT3 in RBCs from four normal subjects were, respectively, 12 ng/dl, 1.25%, and 0.15 mg/dl. These values were 10%, 450%, and 44% of those of T3, DFT3, and FT3 in plasma obtained from the same subjects. In RBCs from four hyperthyroid subjects, the mean cytosol DFT3 was slightly increased compared to euthyroid RBCs. Because intracellular T3 concentration was increased 8-fold, however, the cytosol FT3 was frankly elevated relative to euthyroid state cells. Thus, intracellular T3 and FT3 measurements have been shown to be feasible in the human RBC and confirm that increases in extracellular free T3 in fact accompanied by elevations of intracellular free hormone. PMID- 7364925 TI - The relationship between suckling-induced prolactin response and lactogenesis. AB - The PRL response to suckling was studied during the first week of the puerperium. Mean basal levels of PRL showed no significant changing during the first week of the puerperium, but there were progressive rises in both the maximum suckling induced response and the total area under the response curve, which reached peak values on the fourth day after delivery. Despite large variations between individuals in basal PRL levels (range, 0.3-7.0 U/liter), peak suckling-induced response (range, 0.1-9.9 U/liter), and total response (range, 0.6-63.0 arbitrary units), there was much less variability within individuals between consecutive feeds. Using an electronic balance, 20 patients on days 5 and 6 were classified either as good feeders (greater than 60 g milk/feed) or poor feeders (less than or equal to 60 g milk/feed) on the basis of 2 consecutive test weights. The mean PRL response to suckling in 11 good feeders was no different from that in 9 poor feeders, and there was no significant correlation between milk yield and PRL response. Six patients whose infants were in the special care nursery had lactation initiated and maintained by breast pump for an average of 5.6 days. Although the PRL response to the breast pump was very small, these patients also had satisfactory milk yields (mean, 86 g). Although the presence of PRL is essential for lactation, the data in this paper suggest that there is no close temporal correlation between PRL concentrations and milk yield. PMID- 7364926 TI - Renal clearance rates of the subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin in man. PMID- 7364927 TI - The nondeiodinative pathways of thyroxine metabolism: 3,5,3',5 tetraiodothyroacetic acid turnover in normal and fasting human subjects. AB - Complete turnover studies of T4, T3, rT3, and 3,5,3',5-tetriodothyroacetic acid (TA4) were carried out in normal subjects given T4 (0.2 mg, by mouth daily) by the integration method. When compared to the five fed controls, the four fasting subjects showed a decrease of mean T3 disposal from 41 to 18 micrograms/day, an increase of mean rT3 disposal from 49 to 61 micrograms/day. The mean serum TA4 concentration rose from 53 to 112 ng/dl, while the TA4 metabolic clearance remained unchanged. The fraction of T4 metabolized by deiodination changed from 79.0% to 77.5% in the fasting subjects as the fraction of T4 metabolized by deamination changed from 1.1% to 2.2%. Therefore, fasting induces a significant shunting of T4 away from T3 production into rT3 and TA4 production. However, oxidative deamination remains a minor metabolic pathway of T4 in man during both normal and fasting conditions. Given its low disposal rate and low biological potency, the increased TA4 production during fasting is probably not the inhibitory factor of TSH response to the lowered T3 production during fasting. PMID- 7364928 TI - Immunoreactive calcitonin in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 123 male subjects was studied by RIA for the presence of immunoreactive calcitonin (CT). The hormone could be detected in the CSF of 75% of 63 subjects at a mean (+/- SE) concentration of 11.1 +/- 1.3 pg/ml, with a range of less than 2 to 55 pg/ml. In 31 subjects, simultaneous measurements were made of CSF and plasma CT and there was not significant correlation between them. Column chromatography of a lyophilized pool of CSF from 60 of the subjects demonstrated that most of the CT immunoreactivity eluted with or after radioiodinated human CT. Our studies demonstrate the presence of immunoreactive CT in human CSF but do not provide any direct evidence regarding the source of the immunoreactivity. PMID- 7364929 TI - Suppression of cortisol secretion by human growth hormone. AB - The adrenocortical responses to the daily administration of 10 mg human GH (hGH) for 4-6 days were compared in 12 patients with Cushing's disease, 2 patients with cortisol-secreting adrenal cortical adenoma, and 4 healthy subjects. The administration of hGH resulted in a significant mean percent decrease in urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids [17OHCS; 30 +/- 7.8 (SE)], cortisol secretion rate (32 +/- 5.5), plasma 17OHCS (31 +/- 5.1), and urinary 17-ketosteroids (46 +/- 6.0) in the patients with Cushing's disease. In contrast, it did not significantly decrease urinary or plasma 17OHCS or the cortisol secretion rate in the other groups of subjects similarly studied. Treatment with hGH did not impair the adrenocortical response to exogenous ACTH, but it decreased the response to metyrapone in all subjects tested. In one of the healthy subjects who had exhibited diminished response to metyrapone on hGH, measurement of plasma ACTH levels demonstrated a lower rise after the administration of the drug. Treatment with hGH did not alter the peripheral metabolism of cortisol, as measured by cortisol turnover rates. We conclude that hGH inhibits ACTH release and that this effect is maximally demonstrated in patients with increased hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal function. PMID- 7364930 TI - Influence of triiodothyronine withdrawal time on 131I uptake postthyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. AB - Radioiodine uptake by thyroid remnants and metastases postthyroidectomy for thyroid cancer is increased by withdrawing thyroid hormone, which raises TSH levels. The minimal withdrawal time for maximal uptake is unknown. Therefore, we performed 33 studies in 27 patients after 2 weeks and again after 4 weeks of T3 withdrawal. We examined cervical (or pulmonary) uptake and whole body scanning at 48 h and whole body retention at 48, 72, and 96 h after radioiodine. In 4 studies, only physiological nonthyroidal activity was seen on both scans. Cervical uptake was low in these 4 studies. Of the remaining 29 studies with thyroid activity on both scans, 4 had high cervical uptakes after 2 weeks, which decreased by 4 weeks to less than 50% of the 2 week value. The same trend was seen in whole body retentions. In 2 studies, the uptake increased at 4 weeks compared to that at 2 weeks, but the change was small and was reflected in whole body retention of only 1 of these subjects. In 23 studies, including 6 with metastatic disease, the individual uptakes and whole body retentions were similar after 2 and 4 weeks. The mean uptakes and retentions also did not differ despite significantly higher (P less than 0.001) TSH values at 4 weeks. All definite areas of localization of radioactivity seen on the scans after 4 weeks were seen after 2 weeks. Therefore, radioiodine uptake, scanning, and therapy should be performed after 2 weeks of T3 withdrawal when patients are minimally hypothyroid. Serum TSH should also be measured to identify the rare individual not responding to brief T3 withdrawal. PMID- 7364931 TI - The intraovarian sites of androgen and estrogen formation in women with normal and hyperandrogenic ovaries as judged by in vitro experiments. AB - The status of oocytes, the follicular fluid concentrations of steroids, and the in vitro steroidogenic capacities of stromal tissue, thecal tissue, and granulosa cells from a 15-yr-old girl with primary amenorrhea, ovarian hyperandrogenism, insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus, and acanthosis nigricans were compared to those from normal adult human ovaries. Most oocytes (95%) in the antral follicles recovered from the hyperandrogenic ovaries were degenerative, and the antral fluid levels of testosterone were 30- to 200-fold higher than those in normal ovaries. Granulosa cells from the hyperandrogenic ovaries produced mainly estradiol as did those from normal healthy follicles. The thecal tissues produced 2- to 6-fold more androgen than similar tissues from normal ovaries. However, the stroma from the hyperandrogenic ovaries produced 49- to 250-fold more testosterone than that generated by normal tissues. These data suggest that the removal of stromal tissue as well as follicular tissue from patients with certain types of hyperandrogenism may sometimes contribute to a reduction in androgen secretion. PMID- 7364932 TI - Failure of clinical remission after transsphenoidal removal of a microadenoma in a patient with Cushing's disease: multiple hyperplastic and adenomatous cell nets in surrounding pituitary tissue. AB - A patient with Cushing's disease is described who underwent transsphenoidal adenomectomy of a basophilic microadenoma with a diameter of 3 mm. In a piece of surrounding normal pituitary tissue removed at operation, multiple small nests of adenomatous basophilic cells were found both in the adeno- and neurohypophysis. No clinical improvement was observed. Cortisol secretory rate, plasma ACTH, the absent response of plasma cortisol to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and the responses of plasma cortisol to lysine vasopressin and TRH remained unchanged. The observations in this patient point to the presence of multiple ACTH-secreting adenomatous cell nests and microadenomas throughout pituitary gland and bring back into view the concept of primary stimulation of hypothalamic corticotropin releasing factor as the primary derangement in some patients with Cushing's disease. PMID- 7364933 TI - Amniotic fluid 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine in the detection of congenital hypothyroidism. AB - Amniotic fluid rT3 levels were measured during pregnancy in two women who previously gave birth to infants suffering from neonatal hypothyroidism. In the first case, hypothyroidism was strongly suspected because of repeated low levels of rT3 in the amniotic fluid (20-64 ng/dl) at 16 and 31 weeks of gestation. A normal infant was delivered. He is now 10 months old and taking no treatment; he has no clinical or laboratory signs of hypothyroidism. In the second case, amniotic rT3 levels (140-180 ng/dl) were well within the normal range for 15-19 weeks of pregnancy, but an affected hypothyroid infant was born. These data suggest that amniotic fluid rT3 levels may not be a reliable tool in diagnosing intrauterine hypothyroidism. PMID- 7364934 TI - Binding of reverse triiodothyronine to serum immunoglobulins in man and the rabbit. PMID- 7364935 TI - Sex steroid modulation of fatty acid utilization and fatty acid binding protein concentration in rat liver. AB - The mechanism by which sex steroids influence very low density hepatic lipoprotein triglyceride production has not been fully elucidated. In previous studies we showed that [(14)C]oleate utilization and incorporation into triglycerides were greater in hepatocyte suspensions from adult female rats than from males. The sex differences were not related to activities of the enzymes of triglyceride biosynthesis, whereas fatty acid binding protein (FABP) concentration in liver cytosol was greater in females. These findings suggested that sex differences in lipoprotein could reflect a sex steroid influence on the availability of fatty acids for hepatocellular triglyceride biosynthesis. In the present studies, sex steroid effects on hepatocyte [(14)C]oleate utilization and FABP concentration were investigated directly. Hepatocytes from immature (30-d old) rats exhibited no sex differences in [(14)C]oleate utilization. With maturation, total [(14)C]oleate utilization and triglyceride biosynthesis increased moderately in female cells and decreased markedly in male cells; the profound sex differences in adults were maximal by age 60 d. Fatty acid oxidation was little affected. Rats were castrated at age 30 d, and received estradiol, testosterone, or no hormone until age 60 d, when hepatocyte [(14)C]oleate utilization was studied. Castration virtually eliminated maturational changes and blunted the sex differences in adults. Estradiol or testosterone largely reproduced the appropriate adult pattern of [(14)C]oleate utilization regardless of the genotypic sex of the treated animal. In immature females and males, total cytosolic FABP concentrations were similar. In 60-d-old animals, there was a striking correlation among all groups (females, males, castrates, and hormone treated) between mean cytosolic FABP concentration on the one hand, and mean total [(14)C]oleate utilization (r = 0.91) and incorporation into triglycerides (r = 0.94) on the other. In 30-d-old animals rates of [(14)C]oleate utilization were greater, relative to FABP concentrations, than in 60-d-old animals. The sex differences that characterize fatty acid utilization in adult rat hepatocytes are not present in cells from immature animals, and reflect in part the influence of sex steroids. It remains to be determined whether the observed relationship of hepatic FABP concentration to [(14)C]oleate utilization in adult cells is causal or secondary to changes in cellular fatty acid uptake effected through another mechanism. In either case, modulation of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein production by six steroids appears to be mediated to a significant extent by their effects on hepatic fatty acid utilization. PMID- 7364936 TI - Liver necrosis and lipid peroxidation in the rat as the result of paraquat and diquat administration. Effect of selenium deficiency. AB - Paraquat and diquat facilitate formation of superoxide anion in biological systems, and lipid peroxidation has been postulated to be their mechanism of toxicity. Paraquat has been shown to be more toxic to selenium-deficient mice than to controls, presumably as the result of decreased activity of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase. The present study was designed to measure lipid peroxidation and to assess toxicity in control and selenium-deficient rats given paraquat and diquat. Lipid peroxidation was measured by determining ethane production rates of intact animals; toxicity was assessed by survival and by histological and serum enzyme evidence of liver and kidney necrosis. Paraquat and diquat were both much more toxic to selenium-deficient rats than to control rats. Diquat (19.5 mumol/kg) caused rapid and massive liver and kidney necrosis and very high ethane production rates in selenium-deficient rats. The effect of paraquat (78 mumol/kg) was similar to that of diquat but was not as severe. Acutely lethal doses of paraquat (390 mumol/kg) and diquat (230 mumol/kg) in control rats caused very little ethane production and no evidence of liver necrosis. These findings suggest that paraquat and diquat exert their acute toxicity largely through lipid peroxidation in selenium-deficient rats. Selenium deficiency had no effect on superoxide dismutase activity in erythrocytes or in 105,000 g supernate of liver or kidney. Glutathione peroxidase, which represents the only well-characterized biochemical function of selenium in animals, was dissociated from the protective effect of selenium against diquat-induced lipid peroxidation and toxicity by a time-course study in which selenium-deficient rats were injected with 50 mug of selenium and later given diquat (19.5 mumol/kg). Within 10 h, the selenium injection provided significant protection against diquat-induced lipid peroxidation and mortality even though this treatment resulted in no rise in glutathione peroxidase activity of liver, kidney, lung, or plasma at 10 h. This suggests that a selenium-dependent factor in addition to glutathione peroxidase exists that protects against lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7364938 TI - Effect of neonatal modulation of cholesterol homeostasis on subsequent response to cholesterol challenge in adult guinea pig. AB - Experiments were designed to study whether or not the mechanism of handling dietary cholesterol in adulthood can be modulated by the manipulation of cholesterol homeostasis during neonatal period. The effects of enhancing cholesterol degradation (cholestyramine feeding), high dietary cholesterol intake, and early weaning during neonatal period of guinea pigs on their subsequent plasma cholesterol levels and the response to dietary cholesterol challenged in adulthood were investigated. Pretreatment of neonatal guinea pigs with cholestyramine resulted in (a) a lower plasma cholesterol level, (b) an increased excretion rate of fecal bile acids and total steroids, (c) an expanded bile acid pool, (d) an increased activity of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, and (e) no change in the hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (CoA) reductase activity when challenged with cholesterol in adulthood. Cholesterol pretreatment during neonatal period resulted in (a) no alteration in the plasma cholesterol level, (b) no alteration in the fecal excretion of steroids, or (c) no alteration in the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity when they were challenged with a high cholesterol diet. Early weaning did not influence the fecal excretion of steroids or cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity but resulted in a slight decrease in the hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity when they were challenged with a high cholesterol diet. These results suggest that stimulation of cholesterol catabolism rather than cholesterol feeding or early weaning during neonatal period can influence the response to dietary cholesterol challenge in adulthood. PMID- 7364937 TI - Inhibition of hepatic binding of thyroxine by cholecystographic agents. AB - Subsequent to studies indicating that cholecystographic agents and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) inhibit uptake of thyroxine (T(4)) by rat liver slices, the effect of such compounds on hepatic storage of T(4) in man has been examined. After intravenous administration of [(125)I]T(4) to five normal subjects, hepatic radioactivity, estimated by external gamma counting, rose to a peak in approximately 4 h and then declined in parallel with serum radioactivity. When a 6-g dose of the cholecystographic agent, tyropanoate (Bilopaque), was administered orally 3 d later, estimated hepatic extravascular radioactivity fell 50-60% within 4 h and then rose toward the pretyropanoate value. Concomitant with the fall in hepatic radioactivity, serum radioactivity rose 57-70%, as did stable T(4) levels in serum, suggesting that hormone discharged from the liver entered the serum. Both uptake of T(4) and discharge by tyropanoate were much less in two patients with liver disease. Ipodate (Oragrafin), 12 g orally in two subjects, caused much smaller changes in hepatic and serum radioactivity. However, ipodate also caused a doubling of the percent free T(4) in the serum as judged by equilibrium dialysis, and the ratio of hepatic radioactivity to free [(125)I]T(4) in serum declined markedly after ipodate, similar to the fall in hepatic:serum (125)I ratios after tyropanoate. BSP, 20 mg/kg i.v. in three subjects, caused a smaller change; the decline in hepatic T4 content averaged 19%. We conclude that these organic anions, tyropanoate, ipodate, and BSP, all can displace T(4) from the liver. The results imply a link between T(4) transport and organic anion transport, and indicate a mechanism for altering hepatic T(4) content in man that could be the site of physiologic regulation or of disease. A method is described whereby analysis of the change in hepatic and plasma radioactivity after tyropanoate could be employed to estimate hepatic T(4) content in diverse clinical circumstances. PMID- 7364939 TI - Diuretics stimulate H+ secretion in turtle urinary bladder. AB - The effect of various diuretics on H+ secretion was studied in the isolated short circuited urinary bladder of the turtle. Mucosal (urinary) chlorothiazide stimulated H+ secretion promptly, from 1.33 +/- 0.24 to 3.03 +/- 0.25 mueq/h (P less than 0.001). The effect was rapidly reversible upon washout of the drug, H+ returning to control levels, 1.37 +/- 0.26 mueq/h (P less than 0.001). Similar effects were observed with mucosal hydrochlorothiazide and mucosal ethacrynic acid/cysteine. Stimulation of H+ secretion occurred in the presence or the absence of exogenous CO2, in the presence or absence of mucosal Na+ and during inhibition of Na+ transport by ouabain. There was no stimulation of H+ secretion by uncomplexed ethacrynic acid or by mucosal furosemide. The nondiuretic sulfonamide, sulfasoxizole, and the nonsulfonamide buffer, borate, had no effect on H+ SECRETION. These observations indicate that the stimulatory effect of diuretics on H+ secretion is not related to active sodium transport, transepithelial electrical potential, or the buffering capacity of the drugs. Since the transepithelial pH gradient at which active H+ secretion was abolished was identical for chlorothiazide-treated tissues (2.68 pH U) as for control tissues (2.65 pH U, NS), the data suggest that the protonmotive force of the H+ pump was unaffected by the diuretic. This observation, plus the rapid onset and reversibility of the drugs, is consistent with an effect on the mucosal membrane to increase H+ conductance (K). The findings raise the possibility that direct enhancement of renal H+ secretion may play a role in the metabolic alkalosis induced by some diuretics. PMID- 7364940 TI - Synergism of thyroid hormone and high carbohydrate diet in the induction of lipogenic enzymes in the rat. Mechanisms and implications. AB - We have investigated the relationship between the administration of triiodothyronine (T3) and a high carbohydrate (CHO) fat-free diet in the induction of lipogenic enzymes in two rat tissues, liver, and fat. Male thyroidectomized rats were treated with graded daily doses of T3 and either supplemented with a high CHO diet or left on a regular diet. Enzymes studied included malic enzyme (ME), fatty acid synthetase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. In the liver, all four lipogenic enzymes showed a synergistic response between T3 administration and high CHO feeding. In fat, ME also responded synergistically. The interaction was reflected in an increased sensitivity to T3. The dose of T3 required to achieve 50% maximal response was reduced three- to seven-fold by the high CHO diet. This phenomenon could not be attributed to a dietary-induced alteration either in T3 metabolism or in number or affinity of the T3-nuclear receptors. Moreover, studies of the relative rate of synthesis of ME suggested a simultaneous time of onset in the induction of ME, within 2 h after the application of either T3 or CHO. Thus, it is unlikely that either stimulus is secondary to the other. Since parallel experiments from this laboratory (Towle, Mariash, and Oppenheimer,1980. Changes in hepatic levels of messenger ribonucleic acid for malic enzyme during induction by thyroid hormone or diet. Biochemistry. 19: 579-585.) show that ME induction both by CHO and T3 is mediated by an increase in specific messenger RNA for ME, the interaction of T3 and the dietary factor occurs at a pretanslational level. PMID- 7364941 TI - Degradation of endogenous hepatic heme by pathways not yielding carbon monoxide. Studies in normal rat liver and in primary hepatocyte culture. AB - The conversion of endogenous hepatic heme to bilirubin and CO is established. However, it is unknown whether this process is quantitative or whether heme may be degraded to other products as well. To study this question, we administered the heme precursor, delta-amino-[5-14C]levulinic acid to rats in vivo. In liver, [14C]heme was predominately associated with microsomal cytochromes, and its degradation was examined over a period of 12--14 h; concurrently, excretion of labeled carbon monoxide 14CO by the animal was measured. After correction for 14CO derived from the breakdown of renal [14C]heme, the rate of heme degradation calculated from the 14CO excreted was substantially less than the rate of disappearance of hepatic [14C]heme measured directly. The discrepancy between actual loss of labeled heme from the liver and generation of labeled CO was confirmed by direct study of endogenous [14C]heme degradation in primary hepatocyte culture, in which only 25% of the labeled heme disappearing during the incubation was converted to 14CO. By contrast, cultured cells converted exogenous [14C]heme nearly quantitatively to 14CO. We conclude that heme associated with microsomal cytochromes in normal rat liver is degraded substantially by non-CO forming processes. PMID- 7364942 TI - Identification, purification, and partial characterization of an organic anion binding protein from rat liver cell plasma membrane. AB - Uptake of bilirubin, sulfobromophthalein (BSP), and other organic anions by the liver is a process with kinetics consistent with carrier mediation. The molecular basis of this transport mechanism is unknown. In the search for the putative organic anion carrier or receptor, the interaction of BSP with rat liver cell plasma membrane (LPM) has been studied. Specific binding of [(35)S]BSP to LPM was determined using a filtration assay. Results revealed high affinity (K(a) = 0.27 muM(-1)), saturable (6.3 nmol/mg protein) binding, which was eliminated after preincubation with trypsin. Although [(35)S]BSP was strongly bound to LPM, the binding was rapidly reversible, preventing direct identification and study of a specific binding site(s). To avoid this problem, a photoaffinity probe was devised, in which [(35)S]BSP is covalently bound to LPM after exposure to ultraviolet light. Subsequent sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and fluorography revealed radioactivity predominantly associated with a single 55,000 mol wt protein. A protein with identical electrophoretic mobility was purified from deoxycholate solubilized LPM after affinity chromatography on glutathione BSP-agarose gel. This protein migrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and on urea gel isoelectric focusing. It contained 1-2 residues of sialic acid per 55,000-dalton protein, and was immunologically distinct from rat albumin and ligandin. It bound bilirubin with a K(d) of 20 muM, as determined by tryptophan fluorescence quenching. Although the high affinity of this LPM protein for organic anions suggests that it may function as a hepatocellular organic anion receptor, its role in transport of these compounds is unknown. PMID- 7364943 TI - Renal metabolism of amino acids and ammonia in subjects with normal renal function and in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. AB - The net renal metabolism of amino acids and ammonia in the post absorptive state was evaluated in subjects with normal renal function and in patients with chronic renal insufficiency by measuring renal uptake and release, and urinary excretion of free amino acids and ammonia. In normal subjects the kidney extracts glutamine, proline, citrulline, and phenylalanine and releases serine, arginine, taurine, threonine, tyrosine, ornithine, lysine, and perhaps alanine. The renal uptake of amino acids from arterial blood occurs by way of plasma only, whereas approximately a half of amino acid release takes place by way of blood cells. Glycine is taken up from arterial plasma, while similar amounts of this amino acid are released by way of blood cells. In the same subjects total renal ammonia production can be largely accounted for by glutamine extracted. In patients with chronic renal insufficiency (a) the renal uptake of phenylalanine and the release of taurine and ornithine disappear; (b) the uptake of glutamine and proline, and the release of serine and threonine are reduced by 80--90%; (c) the uptake of citrulline and the release of alanine, arginine, tyrosine, and lysine are reduced by 60--70%; (d) no exchange of glycine is detectable either by way of plasma or by way of blood cells; (e) exchange of any other amino acid via blood cells disappears, and (f) total renal ammonia production is reduced and not more than 35% of such production can be accounted for by glutamine extracted, so that alternative precursors must be used. A 140% excess of nitrogen release found in the same patients suggests an intrarenal protein and peptide breakdown, which eventually provides free amino acids for ammonia production. PMID- 7364944 TI - Circadian rhythm of intestinal sucrase activity in rats. Mechanism of enzyme change. AB - Past investigation has revealed that the circadian rhythm of intestinal sucrase activity in rats is primarily cued by the time of feeding. We examined the mechanism of the circadian rhythm by methods involving quantitative immunoprecipitation of sucrase-isomaltase protein and study of decay of radioactively labeled protein. Rats were placed on a controlled feeding regimen (1000-1500 h) and then sacrificed at 3-h intervals over a 24-h period. Immunotitration experiments indicated that the circadian rhythm was the result of changes in the absolute amount of sucrase-isomaltase protein present and not of changes in the enzyme's catalytic efficiency. To study the mechanism of this circadian variation in sucrase-isomaltase mass, [(14)C]sodium carbonate was injected and, after maximum incorporation into brush border protein, the rats were sacrified at 3-h intervals. Sucrase-isomaltase protein was isolated by immunoprecipitation, and the decrease in total disintegrations per minute over time was used to study degradation of the protein. Enzyme degradation was not constant but exhibited a clear circadian rhythm. The period of increasing enzyme mass was characterized by virtual cessation of enzyme degradation (t((1/2)) of 38 h), and the period of declining enzyme mass by rapid degradation (t((1/2)) of 6 h or less). We found similar changes in enzyme degradation in fasted animals, demonstrating that the changes were not the result of decreased isotope reutilization during feeding. We found no evidence of a circadian rhythm in [(14)C]leucine incorporation into the protein, suggesting that enzyme synthesis was constant. These results indicate that the circadian rhythm of sucrase activity represents changes in the total amount of enzyme protein that are, at least in large part, secondary to changes in the enzyme's degradation rate. PMID- 7364945 TI - Importance of efferent arteriolar vascular tone in regulation of proximal tubule fluid reabsorption and glomerulotubular balance in the rat. AB - Micropuncture study was performed in 21 mildly volume-expanded Munich-Wistar rats before and during partial aortic constriction to examine the effects of endogenous prostaglandins (PG) and angiotensin II (AII) on single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) and absolute proximal reabsorption rate (APR). Animals received either vehicle (group 1), indomethacin (group 2), or indomethacin plus saralasin (group 3). Before aortic constriction, these inhibitors were without effect on values of SNGFR and APR. In group 1 rats, reduction in mean renal arterial perfusion pressure (RAP) to approximately 65 mm Hg resulted in marked and proportional declines in SNGFR and APR. With equivalent reduction in RAP in group 2 rats, however, SNGFR fell to a lesser extent and APR tended to increase slightly above preconstriction values. Indomethacin administration was therefore associated with disruption of glomerulotubular balance. In view of the roughly equivalent declines in afferent arteriolar resistance measured in groups 1 and 2, the magnitude of increase in efferent arteriolar resistance (R(E)) appeared to be of major importance in determining the observed presence or absence of glomerulotubular balance. Thus, the lesser fall in SNGFR in group 2 than in group 1 was a result of the higher value for glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure in group 2, a consequence of the higher value of R(E). The higher average value for APR during reduced RAP in group 2 than in group 1 is also attributable to this pronounced rise in R(E), the effect of which was to augment the net reabsorptive pressure both by favoring higher postglomerular oncotic pressure and lower downstream (peritubular capillary) hydraulic pressure. Since intrarenal release of AII is enhanced when RAP declines, and because AII is known to raise R(E) selectively, it is likely that endogenous AII brought about the marked increase in R(E) in group 2, which was readily demonstrable only in indomethacin-treated rats, presumably because endogenous PG synthesis was suppressed. In keeping with this conclusion, when the action of endogenous AII was inhibited by saralasin in group 3 rats, reduction in RAP failed to induce a rise in R(E), so that net filtration and reabsorption pressures again declined proportionally, as did SNGFR and APR. The present evidence therefore suggests that glomerulotubular balance is influenced to an important extent by the prevailing vasomotor tone of the efferent arteriole. PMID- 7364946 TI - Direct and synergistic interactions of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and the adrenergic system in stimulating sugar transport by rat thymocytes. AB - Isolated rat thymocytes were preincubated with various catecholamines, alone and together with 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)), and the accumulation of the glucose analogues, 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) and 3-O-methylglucose (3-O-MG), was then measured. Epinephrine induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in the 15-min accumulation of 2-DG; at a concentration of 100 muM epinephrine, the effect was evident after a preincubation period of only 5 min. The lowest concentration of epinephrine at which a significant effect was evident was 1 muM. Epinephrine also produced a dose-dependent increase in the accumulation of 3-O-MG, and the lowest concentration at which a significant effect was evident was again 1 muM. Isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, like epinephrine, increased the accumulation of 2-DG, whereas the alpha-agonist, phenylephrine, had no effect. The response to epinephrine was inhibited by the beta-antagonist, alprenolol, but the alpha-antagonist, phentolamine, had no effect. As previously demonstrated, T(3) increased 2-DG accumulation, and like epinephrine, its effect was blocked by alprenolol. Neither T(3) (0.1 nM) nor epinephrine (0.1 muM) had any effect when acting alone, but when added together at these concentrations, they significantly increased the accumulation of both 2-DG and 3-O-MG. Neither T(3) with isoproterenol nor T(3) with phenylephrine produced a comparable synergistic effect. But T(3) (0.1 nM) acting with isoproterenol (0.1 muM) and phenylephrine (0.1 muM) together, synergistically increased 2-DG accumulation. In addition, the alpha-antagonist, phentolamine, which alone had no effect, inhibited the synergistic effect induced by T(3) and epinephrine. The effects of epinephrine and T(3) alone, as well as their combined synergistic effect on 2-DG accumulation, were not blocked by the inhibitor of protein synthesis, puromycin. FROM THESE RESULTS WE CONCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: (a) the stimulatory effect of the catecholamines on the accumulation of 2-DG and 3-O-MG reflects an action at the beta-receptor; (b) the synergistic interaction between T(3) and epinephrine requires the participation of both beta- and alpha-adrenergic components; (c) T(3) and epinephrine act on 2-DG and 3-O-MG accumulation through a common mechanism or inter-related mechanisms, probably mediated at the beta-adrenergic site; and (d) these effects of T(3) and epinephrine, alone and together, are independent of new protein synthesis. These results suggest that, with respect to the response we are describing, T(3) and epinephrine do not act on nuclear mechanisms, but may act instead at the level of the plasma membrane. PMID- 7364947 TI - Suppression of experimental atherosclerosis by the Ca++-antagonist lanthanum. Possible role of calcium in atherogenesis. AB - Agents inhibiting calcium deposition into arteries are known to suppress atherosclerosis in animals. However, the precise role of calcium in atherogenesis is unknown. In this study, the specific Ca2+-antagonist lanthanum was used to attempt suppression of experimental atherosclerosis and to gain more insight into the possible effects of calcium on atherogenesis. Rabbits were fed an atherogenic diet with and without increasing doses of LaCl3. All cholesterol-fed rabbits showed marked increases in serum cholesterol and ca2+. Untreated atherogenic animals revealed pronounced gross and microscopic atherosclerosis and striking increases in the aortic content of cholesterol, collagen, "elastin," and calcium as well as of elastin calcium, polar amino acids, and cholesterol. With increasing LaCl3 dosage these abnormalities progressively decreased and were completely abolished at the highest dose. The ingested La3+ was absorbed only in small quantities and had no discernible effect on the calcium and connective tissue content of bone, skin, lung, heart, and skeletal muscle nor on myocardial function (left ventricle pressure and left ventricle dp/dt) or myocardial and muscle content in ATP and creatine phosphate. The data suggest that shifts in arterial Ca2+-distribution may play a decisive part in atherogenesis, and provision of arterial calcium homeostasis by La3+ a pivotal role in its prevention, despite hypercholesteremia. Other inhibitors of calcium deposition into arteries may exert their protective effect by similar mechanisms. However, a direct inhibition of atherogenesis by La3+ cannot entirely be ruled out in this study, although no direct effects of La3+ on tissue metabolism have as yet been reported. PMID- 7364948 TI - Mechanism of reduced glomerular filtration rate in chronic malnutrition. AB - To determine the physiological basis for the low glomerular filtration rate in chronic malnutrition, micropuncture studies were performed in Munich-Wistar rats chronically pair-fed isocaloric diets of either low (group 1, nine rats) or high protein content (group 2, nine rats). Despite the absence of hypoalbuminemia, average values for single nephron and total kidney glomerular filtration rate were nearly 35% lower in group 1 than in group 2. Mean values for glomerular capillary and Bowman's space hydraulic pressures were essentially identical in the two groups, thereby excluding glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference as the cause for the low filtration rates in group 1 animals. On the other hand, average glomerular capillary plasma flow rate and glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient were significantly lower (by approximately 25 and approximately 50%, respectively) in group 1 than in group 2. The fall in glomerular capillary plasma flow rate was the consequence of increased afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances. Plasma and erythrocyte volumes were found to be equal in five additional pairs of group 1 and group 2 rats. Thus, the substantial alterations in the ultrafiltration coefficient, glomerular capillary plasma flow rate, and renal arteriolar resistances responsible for the low filtration rate in group 1 animals were not merely a consequence of decreased circulating blood or plasma volumes. Mean values for glomerular cross sectional area were significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 despite similar values for kidney weight in the two groups. This reduction in glomerular cross sectional area in group 1 rats is presumed to reflect a decrease in effective filtration surface area and therefore likely accounts, at least in part, for the decline in ultrafiltration coefficient observed in this group.Finally, since the daily caloric intake of group 2 animals was restricted because of pair feeding requirements tied to the group 1 rats, we studied a third group of seven rats (group 3) allowed an ad lib. intake of the same high protein diet as given to group 2 rats. Average values for single nephron glomerular filtration rate and its determinants were found to be indistinguishable between groups 2 and 3. These results suggest that low protein intake, rather than calorie deficiency per se, is primarily responsible for the reduction in filtration rate seen in this experimental model of chronic malnutrition. PMID- 7364950 TI - Basal cell carcinoma arising in a smallpox vaccination site. AB - A case of pigmented basal cell carcinoma developing in a smallpox revaccination site is presented. Any progressive change within a smallpox vaccination scar should be thoroughly evaluated and treated appropriately after tissue diagnosis. PMID- 7364949 TI - Association of HLA-linked hemochromatosis with idiopathic refractory sideroblastic anemia. AB - Five of seven patients with idiopathic refractory sideroblastic anemia carried an HLA-A3 alloantigen (relative risk, 7.3; P = 0.02). The significance of this association was strengthened by study of two pedigrees. An abnormality in iron metabolism was found in two siblings who had an HLA-A3,B14 haplotype in common with the first proband. A second proband with idiopathic refractory sideroblastic anemia had clinically manifest hemochromatosis. His brother had clinically manifest hemochromatosis but not sideroblastic anemia. This proband and his brother shared only the HLA-A3,B12 haplotype. Our findings infer that patients with idiopathic refractory sideroblastic anemia carry a single allele for hemochromatosis, that this allele accounts for the increased iron loading in this form of anemia, and that clinically manifest hemochromatosis may develop in an occasional patient with only one allele for hemochromatosis in the presence of the sideroblastic factor. PMID- 7364951 TI - Evaluation of the Honeywell ACS 1000 leucocyte differential counter. AB - The Honeywell ACS 1000 is a relatively inexpensive differential white cell counter, which is only partially automated. This instrument has been evaluated in a routine haematology laboratory. PMID- 7364952 TI - A method for the estimation of the activity of the inhibitor of the first component of complement. AB - The activated first component of complement (CI) possesses an esterase activity in vitro which will hydrolyse an ester of tyrosine to release H+. The activity of the serum inhibitor of C1 esterase may be measured by monitoring its ability to prevent H+ release under standard conditions. This paper describes a method of measuring such activity, monitoring H+ release by the use of either an acid base indicator of pH meter. PMID- 7364953 TI - A regional programme to collect plasma for preparation of human immunoglobulin anti-rabies. AB - We identified over 100 recipients of rabies vaccine (human diploid cell vaccine) and recruited them as plasma donors. Some were plasmapheresed at static centres, others by mobile teams. The operation of these teams is described in detail. No plasma was sent to the Fractionation Centre until the date of vaccination had been checked. Assay results showed that the majority of plasma collected between four and 20 weeks after the second dose of vaccine contained 6 or more IU/ml. PMID- 7364954 TI - Serious infection caused by group C streptococci. AB - Group C streptococci commonly cause infection in animals but only occasionally give rise to severe infection in man. We report here three cases of serious human infection due to this organism and discuss its pathogenicity in relation to the clinical manifestations of the disease. PMID- 7364955 TI - A rapid simplified method for plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D estimation. PMID- 7364956 TI - Failure to demonstrate specificity of the morphological and histochemical changes in mucosa adjacent to colonic carcinoma (transitional mucosa) PMID- 7364957 TI - Iatrogenesis: just what the doctor ordered. PMID- 7364958 TI - Residential mobility and long-term treatment of hypertension. AB - Maintenance of long-term care of populations with high mobility patterns poses problems for programs designed to prevent and treat cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. The Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP)--a community-based screening and treatment program implemented in 1973--provided an opportunity to examine residential mobility among adults under long-term treatment in 13 communities. Whereas 11% of hypertensives included in the HDFP changed residence in the first two years of the study, only 4% moved outside the service areas of the programs. Although a higher proportion of blacks (to whites) moved within the service areas, a similar proportion moved outside the service areas. This low residential mobility, especially the low rate of movement outside the service areas of the treatment centers, suggests that mobility of cohorts under long-term treatment and observation may present lesser problems to continuous, long-term community health care programs than do other factors affecting adherence. PMID- 7364959 TI - An assessment of the adequacy of self-care by adult asthmatics. AB - Little is known about how individuals who have chronic disease actually manage their symptoms. This study involving a community-based population of 157 adult asthmatics assesses their ability to take care of their disease and to alter their behavior following a change in symptoms. Multiple techniques (interview, direct observation, and diary) were used to determine their behaviors with respect to medications and physician use; there were then compared with criteria defining the requisite level of a behavior to reduce symptoms. Of the population assessed, 66% had no bronchodilator medication at home, 24% used an inhaler ineffectively, and 68% did not see a physician regularly. When faced with increasing symptoms, at least 40% of the asthmatics did not perform three basic and appropriate behaviors in medication use and physician contact. If physicians and other health care providers could decrease the frequency of these inappropriate self-care behaviors, it could result in improved health. PMID- 7364961 TI - Some observations on a program attaching public health nurses to family physicians' offices. AB - This study examined a program attaching public health nurses to specific family physicians practicing in the community. It compared the work of attached and nonattached public health nurses in both the urban and rural sections of a health district in Ontario, Canada. It found that attached nurses receive a greater proportion of their referrals from family physicians, see a greater percentage of elderly patients, and deal with proportionately more psychosocial cases. The study also indicated that the attached public health nurse does not complain of physician misuse of her services and that, once a referral has been made, communication between the physician and public health nurse improves. PMID- 7364960 TI - Medical care for vacationers: health services at Yellowstone National Park. AB - Medical services provided to vacationers and employees in Yellowstone National Park were reviewed for the years 1975 through 1977. Both ambulatory and inpatient data were obtained, including diagnoses, place of residence, medications prescribed, and methods of payment. The types of problems and modes of treatment did not differ from typical primary care practices. Health maintenance was the most common reason for outpatient visits. The distribution of diagnoses among park visitors and employees was the same within age categories, although the employees' rate of utilization was nearly twice that of the visitors. Distance from home was directly related to the frequency with which visitors used clinic services. PMID- 7364962 TI - Caring for rape victims: its impact on providers. AB - Students in the health professions are working with a variety of anxiety provoking patients, such as victims of child abuse or sexual assault, suicidal and terminally ill patients. Faculty have a responsibility to assist these students in maximizing the growth potential of the experience. This study, involving 22 female and three male students at the University of New Mexico Colleges of Nursing and Medicine, examines the effects of such an experience. Each participant worked on a Sexual Assault Response Team at the Bernalillo County Medical Center for an average of 8.6 months; each saw an average of 16 rape victims for whom they provided counseling services and assisted in medical care and gathering evidence. All of the students reported heightened awareness of their own vulnerability. They began to develop cognitive and behavioral strategies to cope with the possibility of being raped. Approximately one third of the subjects developed symptoms similar to those experienced by rape victims. Those who did not develop symptoms attributed it to being able to work through their feelings at team meetings. Students became more aware of their attitudes toward rape victims, both positive and negative. Moreover, the most significant change they experienced was in their own perception of themselves as care givers; they felt more confident and competent, both in medical and counseling areas. Faculty are encouraged to meet weekly with students involved in such experiences. PMID- 7364963 TI - A quantitative comparison between the ganglion cell populations and axonal outflows of the visual streak and periphery of the rabbit retina. AB - A vertical density profile of the ganglion cells 2 mm temporal of the optic nerve head in the rabbit retina has been produced by counting somata in the cresyl violet-stained, ganglion cell layer of a flat-mounted retina. Somata classified as ganglion cells were characterized by obvious Nissl staining in an extensive cytoplasm and typically had diameters greater than 9 micrometer. The accuracy of the profile, and thus of the classification criteria, has been substantiated by electron micrographic determination of the numbers of ganglion cell axons arising within local regions of known area on the same retina. This study indicates that Vaney and Hughes' estimate ('76) of 547,100 presumed ganglion cells in the rabbit retina should be changed to 373,500 ganglion cells. The latter value is within the statistical error of their optic nerve count of 394,000 fibers. The mean diameter of ganglion cells 6 mm from the visual streak in the inferior periphery (density: 550 cells/mm2) was 28% greater than that of cells on the peak of the streak (density: 5,400 cells/mm2), although the form of the ganglion cell diameter distribution did not change markedly with eccentricity. The increase in the mean size of ganglion cells in the periphery appeared to be approximately matched by an increase in the size of their axons. Larger axons became myelinated farther from the edge of the myelinated band than did smaller axons. Within the ganglion cell layer there was another population of cells which were quite distinct from the obvious neuroglia: Their nuclei were similar to those of the larger ganglion cells and many appeared to have Nissl granules within their limited cytoplasm. About half of this heterogeneous population was classified as "coronate cells," which were characterized by the partial nuclear encapsulation of their eccentric cytoplasm. PMID- 7364964 TI - Somatic sensory cortex (SmI) of the prosimian primate Galago crassicaudatus: organization of mechanoreceptive input from the hand in relation to cytoarchitecture. AB - Mechanoreceptive input from the hand to the somatic sensory cortex (SmI) of the prosimian primate Galago crassicaudatus was examined with microelectrode mapping methods. In anesthetized animals, low threshold cutaneous input from the hand projects to SmI cortex in a single, complete, somatotopically organized pattern. Within this single pattern, cells with receptive fields on the glabrous skin of the palm, digits and digit tips are located in the rostral half, and cells with RFs on the hairy skin of the dorsal hand and digits are located in the caudal half of the hand areas. The cutaneous hand area is coextensive with the densely granular architectonic region of SmI. Studies of single cells in this region of awake galagos reveal the same pattern of cutaneous input and, in addition, demonstrate the presence of cells responding to joint movement not detected in anesthetized animals. Cells responsive to joint movement are arranged in vertically oriented columns located adjacent to cutaneous columns with receptive fields on the same part of the hand. In anesthetized animals, cells rostral to the granular region, in an area typified by increasing numbers of pyramidal cells in layer V and decreasing numbers of granular cells in upper layers, respond to high threshold stimulation of large areas of the hand. The few cells isolated in this area in awake animals respond to either active or passive hand movements. In such animals, cells caudal to the granular region, in an area characterized as agranular and alaminar cortex, respond to either passive stimulation of single or multiple joints or to active hand movements. These results, together with similar findings in a related prosimian, Nycticebus coucang, emphasize the generality of a single cutaneous hand area in SmI of prosimian species. The demonstration of multiple hand areas corresponding to multiple cytoarchitectonic subdivisions in SmI of Old and New World simians illustrates the increased degree of SmI differentiation from the prosimian to the simian grade of organization. The present results further suggest that determination of the homologues of multiple areas or subdivisions within and surrounding SmI in primates will require comparisons of somatotopy, submodality, sulcal patterns, cytoarchitecture, and connectivity in representative members of prosimian and simian families. PMID- 7364965 TI - Mapping the normal and regenerating retinotectal projection of goldfish with autoradiographic methods. AB - In normal goldfish, lesions of various size were made in nasal or temporal retina immediately prior to retinal labeling with tritiated proline. The resulting gaps in retinal innervation of tectum indicated that the projection is retinotopographically ordered to a precision of about 50 micrometer. Similarly, acute tectal incisions transecting the optic pathways were combined with immediate retinal labeling. The resulting tectal denervation confirmed that most fibers follow highly ordered paths through the stratum opticum of tectum; but a few fibers were found to follow unusual paths to their appropriate tectal positions. In other fish, the optic nerve was crushed. At various times afterwards, retinotopography and pathway order were similarly analyzed by making retinal lesions or tectal incisions just prior to labeling. For up to 40 days after crush, the projection lacked any refined retinotopic order. Only a gross topography could be demonstrated. Over several months, retinotopography gradually improved eventually approaching that of normals. Correlated with this was an initial stereotypic growth through the pathways of the stratum opticum followed by a long period of highly anomalous growth through the innervation layer. Evidently, many regenerated fibers grew in through inappropriate routes to the wrong region of tectum but subsequently arrived at their appropriate locus by circuitous routes within the innervation layer. PMID- 7364966 TI - Postnatal differentiation of the rat trochlear nerve. AB - A morphometric analysis of postnatal differentiation in the rat trochlear nerve was studied by light and electron microscopy as an initial basis for understanding motor unit heterogeneity in the extraocular muscles (EOM). A total of 35 animals were examined 7--90 days postnatal (dpn). The mean number of fibers increased from 222 to 7 dpn to 274 in the adult and the size distribution became bimodal at 21 dpn. In the adult 17% of the myelinated fibers had a mean diameter of 2.5 micrometer and 83% were 7.3 micrometer. The estimated number of unmyelinated axons decreased from about 40% at 7 dpn to 20% at 14 dpn and 16% in the adult. The myelinated fiber diameter was more highly correlated with age and body weight than was fiber number. Certain organelles characteristic of active membrane growth were present in the Schwann cell cytoplasm at the paranode region. Redundant loops were prominent at 10 dpn, when many axons were still in Schwann cell bundles. During the third postnatal week a number of alterations were noted which may reflect a loss of polyneuronal innervation. These included thicker myelin sheaths and ultrastructural evidence of axonal degeneration. Branching of myelinated fibers was limited to the intramuscular portions of the nerve at 18 dpn. The g-ratio of the largest fibers at selected ages was nearly constant at .71 and was correlated with fiber diameters (r = 0.40), except at 14 dpn. The periodicity of the myelin sheath had either an inverse or constant relationship to the number of lamellae. The significance of the results is discussed in relation to postnatal development, the size principle and heterogeneity in the EOM motor units. PMID- 7364967 TI - Rohon-beard cells and other large neurons in Xenopus embryos originate during gastrulation. AB - The time of origin (birthday) of Rohon-Beard cells in Xenopus laevis was studied by 3H-thymidine autoradiography. Rohon-Beard cells were selected because they are a morphologically identifiable population of neurons in which the development of chemical and electrical excitability has been studied. A single injection of a radioactive DNA precursor was given to animals in successive stages of development from blastula to late tail bud (Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 8--33/34). The label was available throughout the stage of injection and longer. The labeling pattern was examined when animals had reached stage 42, when Rohon-Beard cells are easily recognized. All neurons including Rohon-Beard cells were labeled in animals injected with 3H-thymidine before stage 10 1/2 (early gastrula). Unlabeled Rohon-Beard cells were observed in animals injected with 3H-thymidine in and after stage 10 1/2. The percentage of unlabeled Rohon-Beard cells increased as development progressed. About 80% were born by the completion of gastrulation (stage 13). The other approximately 20% were born during neurulation and early tail bud stages. By stage 27, no Rohon-Beard neuron incorporated 3H thymidine. In addition to Rohon-Beard neurons, five other neuronal populations begin generation during gastrulation: Mauthner neurons (Vargas-Lizardi and Lyser, '74), trigeminal ganglion cells, large basal plate cells of the medulla, extramedullary neurons, and primary motor neurons. The first birthdays in any of the six populations are temporally close to but appear to be independent of the others. PMID- 7364968 TI - The growth of segmental nerves from the brachial myotomes into the proximal muscles of the chick forelimb during development. AB - A study has been made of the growth of segmental nerves 13 to 16 (SN13 to SN16) into the chick limb bud, from the time when they have just reached the ends to the brachial myotomes (stage 21: Hamburger and Hamilton, '51), until they enter the newly formed ventral (stage 24) and dorsal (stage 25) pre-muscle cell masses in the limb bud. At stage 22 axon bundles of SN13 to SN16 have grown off the ends of their respective myotomes, and converge towards the most densely packed mesenchyme in the limb bud at segmental level 15. As a consequence, the first axon bundles of SN14 and SN16 have almost joined those of SN15, whereas the further removed SN13 axon bundles have not yet reached the level of SN15. By stage 23 the first axon bundles from SN14 to SN16 have joined at segmental level 15 to form a nerve which grows toward the ventral pre-muscle cell mass. At stage 24 axon bundles from SN13 have joined those from SN14 to SN16 to form the brachialis longus inferior nerve, which enters the densest region of the ventral pre-muscle. Other axons from SN13 to SN15 grow along the pathways provided by the early arriving axon bundles towards the ventral pre-muscle, but diverge from those at segmental level 14 to grow to the dorsal pre-muscle. By stage 25 axon bundles from SN13 to SN15 have joined to form the brachialis longus superior nerve which enters the densest region of the dorsal pre-muscle. At stage 26 a plexus has formed due to this pattern of growth of the segmental nerves between stages 22 and 25. It is suggested that pre-muscle cells synthesize a nerve growth factor which directs the growth of axons into the limb bud. PMID- 7364969 TI - 6-Methylcoumarin photocontact dermatitis. AB - Sporadic cases of a severe photocontact dermatitis have appeared in the last few years following use of fruity-smelling suntan preparations and sunlight exposure. We report five such cases in women who developed severe edema and erythema of sun exposed areas shortly after application of agents containing 6-methylcoumarin used as fragance. Routine photopatch testing was unproductive in reproducing the reaction, but immediate application of 6-methylcoumarin before ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation elicited significant positive results. PMID- 7364970 TI - Acromelanosis. A case report. AB - The case of a 2-year-old Puerto Rican boy is presented. Clinical and histologic features are detailed because he showed peculiar jet black patches of pigmentation on the fingers of the right hand. This case, except for the lack of progression of the disease after a 2-year period of follow-up, shows many similarities to the case of a Japanese child reported by Furuya and Mishima as "acromelanosis progressiva." This condition is viewed as the epidermal counterpart of pigmentary disorders composed of dermal melanocytes, "epidermal melanocytosis." PMID- 7364971 TI - The abnormal dermis in pyogenic granuloma. Histochemical and ultrastructural observations. AB - The connective and vascular tissues of pyogenic granulomas have been studied in lesions from forty-six patients. Twenty were studied histochemically, and five were examined ultrastructurally. Both tissues showed a wide range of maturity and cellular activity. The fibroblasts in particular showed evidence of increased synthetic activity. Intranuclear inclusion bodies, suggestive of altered synthetic activity, were found in the endothelial cells of four lesions. It is suggested that pyogenic granuloma arises from disordered growth of papillary dermis. PMID- 7364972 TI - Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis: a perforating necrobiotic granuloma. AB - Seventeen cases of clinically and histologically characteristic chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis (CNCH) are presented. Thirteen histologic specimens revealed transepidermal elimination (TE) of necrobiotic material from the dermis. This elimination occurred through transepidermal channels, slits, or erosions overlying a dermal necrobiotic granuloma. The granuloma was surrounded by granulation tissue composed of histiocytes and lymphocytes. Telangiectasia and peripheral solar elastosis were common findings. The histologic features and clinical characteristics found predominantly in white men over 40 years of age suggest that CNCH etiologically and pathogenetically represents an actinically induced perforating necrobiotic granuloma. PMID- 7364973 TI - Capillary alterations in scleroderma. AB - Electron microscopy of capillaries was performed in scleroderma skin. The main alterations were (1) gaps, vacuolization and eventual destruction of endothelial cells, (2) reduplication of the basal lamina, (3) perivascular cellular infiltrates consisting of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, or monocytes, and (4) fibroblasts and pericytes with enlarged, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) accompanied by perivascular fibrosis. Perivascular cellular infiltrates and endothelial cell damage appear to precede the stage of fibrosis. PMID- 7364974 TI - Methotrexate in psoriasis. A brief review of indications, usage, and complications of methotrexate therapy. AB - Methotrexate is widely used by dermatologists in the treatment of recalcitrant psoriasis. Despite potentially serious side effects, including hepatic cirrhosis, the drug is relatively safe and remarkably effective when carefully administered to selected patients. PMID- 7364975 TI - Multinucleated epithelial cells in pemphigus vulgaris: possible association of viral infection. PMID- 7364976 TI - Congenital absence of skin. AB - A 5-day-old girl with congenital absence of skin, a single placental artery, and infarction of the placenta is described. These findings support a vascular etiology and provide additional evidence for a degenerative, rather than an aplastic or traumatic, origin of absent skin in the newborn. PMID- 7364977 TI - Therapy of infected dermatitis: comparative response to two corticosteroid antimicrobial creams. AB - In a double-blind, parallel trial which lasted 1 week and comprised eighty-eight patients, a study of the response to topical therapy of the infected component of four common eczematous processes showed that the treatment outcome with corticosteroid antimicrobial creams was not influenced by the type of dermatitis. The cream with fluocinonide 0.05% was significantly better than the cream with triamcinolone 0.1%. Both creams were clinically superior to a cream containing only the antimicrobial agents but exerted a similar antimicrobial activity. PMID- 7364978 TI - Successful treatment of keratoacanthoma with intralesional fluorouracil. AB - Forty-one keratoacanthomas (KA) occurring in thirty patients were treated with weekly intralesional injections of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Forty lesions cleared after an average of three injections in an average of 3.4 weeks (range, 2 to 6 weeks). This response suggests that intralesional injections of 5-FU are the treatment of choice for KAs. PMID- 7364979 TI - Keratosis lichenoides chronica. Report of a case. AB - We are reporting a case of keratosis lichenoides chronica. This is a chronic dermatosis characterized by seborrheic dermatitis-like facial eruption and purplish papulonodular lesions of the extremities. These lesions sometimes show linear configuration. Histologic changes include features of a chronic and lichenified dermatitis and lichen planus. PMID- 7364980 TI - Contact urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis to benzocaine gel. AB - A 39-year-ole man developed edema and vesiculation of the oral mucosa following the application of benzocaine (Hurricaine) gel. Open testing demonstrated an immediate urticarial reaction. Closed patch tests were positive after 48 hours. The contact dermatitis was consistent with a delayed-type hypersensitivity. It appears, however, that a nonimmunologic mechanism caused the contact urticaria since passive transfer was negative. PMID- 7364981 TI - Structure and significance of the pits with their tumors in the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. AB - Parallel histopathologic, histochemical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic (EM) observations were made on palmar pits of one patient and on palmar pits, with an unprecedented number of basal cell carcinomas. of another patient. The first scanning view of tumor growing into the lumen of a pit from the genetically defective epidermis below is presented. The anatomy of the pit is demonstrated for the first time by scanning view of a transected pit. Our observations confirmed those of Hashimoto et al on the mechanisms involved in premature desquamation of the stratum corneum and on the true nature of the epithelium at the base of the pit. This epithelium resembled closely basal cell epithelioma and represented carcinoma in situ. The striking demarcation afforded by the axure B stain of normal and abnormal portions of the palmar epidermis with pit and the poor stainability of the pit with tumor was likewise confirmed. The tumors exhibit aggressive behavior infrequently. PMID- 7364982 TI - Psoralen photochemotherapy. PMID- 7364983 TI - Side effects of anthracene. PMID- 7364984 TI - Mycosis fungoides. PMID- 7364985 TI - Connective tissue disease: excluding systemic lupus erythematosus. Vasculitis. PMID- 7364986 TI - Dermatophytosis in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. AB - We review the association of concurrent dermatophytic infections in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and add twelve new patients to the seventeen previously reported ones. In sixty patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis studied at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), twelve (20%) also had significant local or diffuse dermatophytosis. A comparison between candidiasis patients with and without dermatophytosis revealed no significant differences in their distribution within the various clinical syndromes of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis nor in the immunologic responses that were tested. Failure to recognize coexistent dermatophytosis in candidiasis patients may lead to unsatisfactory responses to treatment. PMID- 7364987 TI - Multiple hamartoma syndrome. A report of a new case with associated carcinoma of the uterine cervix and angioid streaks of the eyes. AB - Multiple hamartoma syndrome is a genodermatosis with autosomal-dominant inheritance. Characteristic findings include mucocutaneous verrucoid papules, "cobblestoning" of the tongue, and hamartomas of multiple organ systems. Also reported are frequent malignancies, especially of the breast. Herein we report a case of a 42-year-old black woman with typical findings of multiple hamartoma syndrome, including an occult malignancy of the uterine cervix, an as yet unreported site of carcinoma in this syndrome. Additionally, we detail a previously unreported finding of bilateral angioid streaks of the optic fundi. Photographs displaying many of the typical features of multiple hamartoma syndrome and associated histopathology are included, along with a brief review of the literature. PMID- 7364988 TI - Lamellar ichthyosis, dwarfism, mental retardation, and hair shaft abnormalities. A link between the ichthyosis-associated and BIDS syndromes. AB - There is an expanding list of syndromes that combine ichthyosis with neuroectodermal and mesodermal defects. We present the case of a young woman with the following features: lamellar ichthyosis, dwarfism, mental retardation, nail and dental abnormalities, unusual facies, poor sexual maturation, punctate cataracts, and hair shaft abnormalities. There were no neurologic or auditory defects. Hair examination revealed pili torti, trichoschisis, bright and dark bands with polarizing microscopy, and a low hair sulfur content. The patient did not have aminoaciduria or immunoglobulin abnormalities. We believe that this case is a link between the ichthyosis-associated syndromes and the group of syndromes that have in common abnormal hair with clean transverse fractures (trichoschisis) and low sulfur content. A more complete examination of the hair in other patients with ichthyosis and associated abnormalities will probably reveal more patients with this new syndrome. PMID- 7364990 TI - Psoriasis, skin cancer, and PUVA. PMID- 7364989 TI - Apocrine adenoma versus pocrine carcinoma. Report of two cases. AB - Two examples of apocrine neoplasm are presented, contrasting the features of an apocrine adenoma with those of a possible apocrine adenocarcinoma. Apocrine adenocarcinoma, distinct from Paget's disease, is a rare neoplasm. Its recognition is complicated by long periods of benign growth and by subtle histologic differences from apocrine adenoma. PMID- 7364991 TI - The National Institute on Aging and dermatologic research. PMID- 7364992 TI - Psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA)--a critique. PMID- 7364993 TI - When pruritus leads to hypotension. PMID- 7364994 TI - An analysis of the potential impact of health maintenance organizations upon the practice of dermatology (with recommendations). A report prepared by the Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) Review Committee, a committee of the American Academy of Dermatology's Council on Governmental Liaison. PMID- 7364995 TI - Effect of the interstimulus (CS-UCS) interval on hippocampal unit activity during classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). AB - Neuronal activity (multiple unit) was recorded from the dorsal hippocampus during classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response in the rabbit. Groups of subjects were trained with conditioned stimulus/unconditioned stimulus (CS UCS) interstimulus intervals of 250 msec, 150 msec, or 50 msec, and an additional group received unpaired presentations of the CS and UCS, with a tone CS and a corneal air puff UCS. Increased hippocampal unit activity and nictitating membrane conditioned responses (CRS) occurred only in the 250 msec and 150 msec groups. Both the temporal distribution of hippocampal unit activity and the averaged CR topographies were strongly and similarly influenced by the CS-UCS interval, with both neuronal and behavioral response peaks occurring near the time of UCS onset. The peak of hippocampal unit activity preceded the peak of the nictitating membrane CR by 30-60 msec. When the 250 msec group was shifted to a CS-UCS interval of 500 msec, the peaks of both the hippocampal unit response and the behavioral CR topography shifted in the same direction. The shift appeared to occur sooner in the hippocampal unit response. It is suggested that the hippocampus may function to provide a "temporal map" for learned behaviors. PMID- 7364996 TI - Classical conditioning of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) nictitating membrane response, with electrical brain stimulation as the unconditioned stimulus. AB - Rabbits were given classical conditioning training by using paired tone CS (conditioned stimulus) and brain-shock UCS (unconditioned stimulus), with the stimulating electrode localized in the vicinity of the abducens (6th nerve) nucleus such that the electrical stimulus elicited a low-threshold nictitating membrane (NM) extension response as the unconditioned response. Eight of the 27 animals developed clear conditioned NM responses to the tone CS. Control procedures, e.g., subsequent explicity unpaired training, argue against sensitization, pseudoconditioning, and "kindling" as possible explanations. There was no clear-cut anatomical differentiation of electrode-tip locations between learners and nonlearners. Both learners and nonlearners were subsequently trained with paired tone-corneal air puff, and neuronal unit activity was recorded from the stimulating electrode. Animals that had learned with the prior brain-shock UCS exhibited substantially greater increases in neuronal unit activity during air-puff training, which suggests the existence of a differentially effective anatomical-physiological substrate for conditionability. PMID- 7364997 TI - Electroencephalographic studies on arousal in the goldfish (Carassius auratus). AB - Goldfish with implanted intracranial electroencephalographic (EEG) electrodes showed high-voltage slow activity of 6-9 Hz and a low-voltage fast activity of 16 24 Hz when resting in the dark. The former frequency was prevalent in the telencephalon, diencephalon, and midbrain but remained only in parts of the midbrain and cerebellum when the fish was left resting in an illuminated environment. In this latter condition the 16-24 Hz activity became predominant. Presentation of two stimuli, the onset of illumination and the passage of a moving edge across the source of illumination, caused bradycardia and a reduction in ventilatory rate, associated with behavioral arousal in this animal. An increase in the amplitude of 16-24 Hz activity in the EEG also occurred, most evident in the anterior and posterior tectum and dorsomedial and posterior telencephalon. Anterior tectal EEGs, on arousal, had the shortest latency and longest duration and were most resistant to habituation on repeated presentation of the moving-edge stimulus, the dorsomedial telencephalon showing similar characteristics to a lesser degree. It is suggested that these areas may be intimately concerned with the arousal response in teleosts. PMID- 7364998 TI - Neophobic behavior to food and electrical responses of olfactory bulb in rat. PMID- 7364999 TI - Sensory processes in the control of isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalization by 2-week-old rats. AB - The presence of a passive (anesthetized) littermate greatly reduced the ultrasonic vocalization of 2-wk-old rat pups placed suddenly in an unfamiliar test box, without affecting other behavior. Isolated pups maintained high levels of vocalization over the 6-min test period while rapidly reducing other behavioral activities. A series of experimental surrogate models allowed analysis of the sensory modalities necessary and sufficient for the littermate effect. Pups did not respond to a single cue or to a pattern of different modalities, but they gave graded responses to several sensory sensory modalities in a cumulative fashion. Extent of body contact and reduction of ultrasound were positively correlated across surrogates, but not across individuals in most conditions. Pups made anosmic with ZnSO4 did not reduce vocalization and continued to show high levels of body contact. Experiments manipulating the olfactory properties of the littermate, however, raised the question whether olfactory denervation exerted its effects by depriving the pup of cues or by secondary effects on arousal and/or motivational systems. PMID- 7365000 TI - Subtotal lesions of the visual cortex impair discrimination of hidden figures by cats. AB - Cats with partial or nearly total ablation of areas 17, 18, and 19 were assessed on the discrimination of hidden figures and other visually guided behaviors to determine whether such insults produce deficits like those that follow lateral striate lesions in monkeys. Cats with destruction limited to the representation of central vision (Group M) were impaired at discriminating patterns complicated by extraneous cues, but they were less impaired than cats with more complete lesions (Group MS). The deficit was not a general one in visual learning since animals in both Groups M and MS learned simple pattern discriminations as rapidly as controls. It is suggested that the loss of geniculocortical functions representing central vision produces similar deficits in cats and monkeys but that to have this effect in cats, damage must extend beyond area 17. PMID- 7365001 TI - Preoperative overtraining protects against form learning deficits after lateral occipital lesions in Galago senegalensis. AB - Bushbabies (Galago senegalensis) trained on a form discrimination task in a two choice apparatus prior to partial disruption of the central field representation of vision in striate cortex were found to be protected from postoperative deficit. These same animals were deficient in learning novel form discriminations. Pre- and postoperative tests of these subjects on discrimination of fine stripe patterns and of small food objects gave no evidence of reduced epicritic visual capacities. Results are discussed in terms of an interpretive role in form learning for areas of central field representation in primary visual cortex. PMID- 7365002 TI - The amygdala and restraint ulcers in rats. AB - A series of studies investigated the role of the amygdala, and its connections with hypothalamic areas, in gastric pathology induced by immobilization. Results showed that lesions in the medial amygdala and the ventral amygdalofugal pathway reduced the stomach pathology induced by restraint. Lesions in the stria terminalis, on the other hand, increased the severity of stomach pathology. It is concluded that the lesions in the medial nuclei and the ventral pathway attenuated the effectiveness of the noxious stimulus to produce gastrointestinal abnormalities whereas the lesions in the stria terminalis interfered with inhibitory effects. PMID- 7365003 TI - alpha-MSH- and novelty-induced emotional responses in rats: associated changes in plasma corticosterone and brain catecholamines. AB - In a series of experiments it was demonstrated that defecation responses induced in rats by exposure to novel environments did not habituate if the animals were treated with alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). The MSH-treated rats sustained high defecation responses on 6 successive days of exposure, whereas control rats habituated. The role of plasma 11-hydroxycorticosterone (11 OHCS) levels and brain catecholamines (CAs) in this novelty-induced defecation following alpha-MSH administration was also investigated. Baseline studies showed that MSH treatment alone increased plasma 11-OHCS levels in the resting condition and lowered brain dopamine (DA) but not norepinephrine (NE) concentrations. It was found, however, that plasma 11-OHCS levels in MSH-treated rats were not significantly increased on successive days of combined MSH and novelty treatments but that whole brain DA and NE concentrations were both lowered. A strong negative correlation was observed between defecation responses and brain DA concentrations on successive days of the joint MSH and novelty treatment. In all the experiments alpha-MSH treatment had no effect on step-down activity. PMID- 7365004 TI - Plasma corticosterone elevations in rats in response to consumption of concentrated sugar solutions. AB - The results of three experiments indicated that male hooded rats exhibit marked corticosterone elevations when they freely consume .740 mol/l (23.2% w/w) sucrose in tap water while nondeprived or .298 mol/l (9.8% w/w) sucrose when deprived of water for 36 hr. The magnitude of the corticosterone elevation was increased by lengthening the duration of prior water deprivation (2, 24, or 48 hr) and by raising the sucrose solution concentration (.189, .298, or .470 mol/l). Free ingestion of tap water following sucrose consumption accelerated the decline from peak level of corticosterone during the period 60-120 min following the onset of sucrose consumption. Glucose (.470 or 1.166 mol/l) consumption by 36-hr water deprived rats also elevated corticosterone levels, but less effectively than equimolar sucrose. These data suggest strongly that the pituitary-adrenal system is activated by rapid, acute dehydration. The effect is surprising, considering the minimal effects of water deprivation per se on corticosterone levels and the interpretation of increased pituitary-adrenal activity as a sign of psychological stress. PMID- 7365005 TI - Dopamine, chick behavior, and states of attention. PMID- 7365006 TI - Raphe lesions and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine induce grooming reflexes in adrenalectomized cats. AB - Grooming reflexes are induced by frontal neocortical, pontile, or spinal lesions in dogs and cats. In intact cats, the combined treatments of adrenalectomy and para-chlorophenylalanine administration induce grooming reflexes. Two other ways of depleting serotonin (with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine and raphe lesions) were combined with adrenalectomy in the present study as further tests that serotonin and glucocorticoid hormones are the critical factors in the induction of grooming reflexes. Because the deficit in serotonin is confined to the superior colliculi in cats with frontal and pontile lesions, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) was injected directly into the superior colliculi at eight sites, 2 microgram/site (1 microliter at .5 microliter/min). Electrolytic dc lesions of the dorsal and superior central raphe nuclei were made in another group, and then both groups were adrenalectomized. There were three control groups: (a) a group with vehicle injections in the superior colliculi and laporatomies, (b) a group with 5,7-DHT injections in the superior colliculi, and (c) a group with the raphe lesions. Large receptive fields for grooming reflexes occurred only in the groups with combined treatments. Thus the mechanism of induction of grooming reflexes by central nervous system lesions involves independent changes in a hormonal and a neurotransmitter system which combine to effect the change in behavior. PMID- 7365007 TI - Nocturnal hyperphagia in the rat is characterized by decreased postprandial satiety. AB - Rats eat more at night than during the day. This work investigated whether this nocturnal hyperphagia is characterized by increased hunger, decreased postprandial satiety, or both. Rats were presented with liquid food after 3-hr food deprivation at the midpoint of the night or day phase of a 12:12 hr light/dark cycle. Quinine adulteration of food produced equal percentage suppression of first meal size (MS) and of 60-min intakes in the night and the day. This suggests that rats are equally hungry after 3-hr food deprivation in the night and the day. In contrast to apparently equal hunger, rats were less satiated by ingested food after 3 hr of food deprivation at night than during the day. This conclusion is based on the observations that the postprandial intermeal interval (IMI) was significantly shorter at night and that the satiety ratio (IMI/MS) was smaller at night. This nocturnal decrease in the satiating potency of ingested food was demonstrated for two specific preabsorptive satiety mechanisms: (a) the pregastric satiety mechanism(s) stimulated by sham feeding and (b) cholecystokinin, the putative satiety hormone released by food contacting the mucosal surface of the upper small intestine. All the results suggest that the diurnal variation of food intake in rats is primarily the result of diurnal variation in the potency of postprandial satiety mechanisms. PMID- 7365008 TI - Multivariate analysis of meal patterning in intact and vagotomized rabbits. AB - Meal patterns of female rabbits were measured throughout a 12:12 hr light/dark cycle and subjected to a multivariate-univariate analysis. Increased food intake occurring during the first 6 hr of dark was attributed to increased meal frequency and feeding rate, while that found during the last 6 hr of dark was attributed to increased meal duration and meal size. Meal patterning was also nonhomogeneous between the 6-hr periods in the light portion of the cycle. Experiment 2 demonstrated the times of day when feeding patterns of vagotomized animals are different from those of intact animals and, further, delineated the relevant variables that are altered by vagotomy. Immediately following light offset, vagotomized animals were distinguished from intact animals by sloer feeding rate and decreased food intake. Immediately following light onset, vagotomized animals were distinguished from intact animals by decreased feeding frequency, increased meal duration, and increased satiety ratio. During the 6 hr immediately preceding light onset or offset, none of the variables could discriminate the feeding patterns of intact animals from those of vagotomized animals. PMID- 7365009 TI - Some possible applications of computerized tomography in pathology. AB - Computerized tomography may be adaptable to microscopic and gross pathology. Low voltage (3 to 8 keV) X-ray histologic tomography of frozen 1 to 3 mm cylinders of tissue should provide atomic-number-dependent absorption coefficients because of photoelectric capture by the common light elements in such tissue. Fixation, sectioning, and staining artifacts would be obviated. Elements of a design for a rotate-only microgantry are described. For gross pathology, existing whole body scanners could be modified by finer collimation, longer exposure times, and higher X-ray fluxes to produce tomograms of much higher resolution than is possible during life, since movement and administered radiation dose would not be problematical. Suspected pathology could be needle aspirated, thus avoiding gross dissection where it is forbidden for religious or other reasons. PMID- 7365011 TI - Computed tomography in the evaluation of liver disease in cystic fibrosis patients. AB - The results of a study of cystic fibrosis patients with liver disease using computed tomography are reported. The findings are described, and a discussion of their significance and place in patient investigation is offered. PMID- 7365010 TI - Attenuation values of fluid collections within the abdomen. AB - In vivo attenuation values of 19 fluid collections in 17 patients were compared with in vitro values obtained on examination of the aspirated fluids within the calibration phantom of an EMI CT5005 body scanner. While the in vitro values showed a 5.2 Hounsfield unit (HU:1,000 scale). difference between cysts and abscesses, spectral errors of up to 28.6 HU were sufficiently large for this distinction to be lost in vivo. Good correlation was found between ascitic fluid protein concentration and in vitro attenuation values, but not with in vivo values. An experimental reconstruction program appeared to give more accurate in vivo results than the standard commercial algorithm. A water control showed errors of similar magnitude to those with the fluid collections and did not provide any simple correction for the errors in the fluid attenuation values. Similar results were found for urine examined in vitro and in vivo. The administration of intravenous contrast agents tended to elevate in vivo fluid attenuation values, but refrigeration for 6 months produced little change in in vitro values. PMID- 7365012 TI - Segmental biliary obstruction: its detection and significance. AB - The computed tomographic and clinical findings of five patients with segmental biliary dilatation are presented. The difference between segmental and complete biliary obstruction is emphasized. In patients with isolated segmental biliary obstruction, there is minimal total bilirubin elevation. Primary therapeutic efforts should be directed at controlling patient's primary lesion and hepatic metastases. Awareness of this entity should avoid unnecessary biliary drainage procedures. PMID- 7365013 TI - Computed tomographic analysis of beta-thalassemic syndromes with hemochromatosis: pathologic findings with clinical and laboratory correlations. AB - The major clinical problem in patients with thalassemia is iron overloading usually resulting from increased exogenous iron absorption from transfusions. Diseases of various organ systems result, including cirrhosis, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, and other less well appreciated endocrinopathies. Since 1976, we have routinely studied these patients with abdominal computed tomography (CT) and also have scanned other areas of clinical interest. It is the purpose of this report to examine the findings in 35 patients with severe beta-thalassemia and associated hemochromatosis in whom we have tabulated the pertinent CT, clinical and laboratory data. PMID- 7365014 TI - Necrotic carcinoma of the pancreas: "the pseudo-pseudocyst". AB - Necrotic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas may simulate a cystic mass of the pancreas on computed tomography and ultrasound. A clinical history suggesting malignancy should alert the radiologist to this infrequent occurrence. PMID- 7365015 TI - Diatrizoate distribution in dogs as a function of administration rate and time following intravenous injection. AB - In this study, we determined diatrizoate concentrations in plasma and the extravascular space in dogs following an injection of the same dose of diatrizoate under three different conditions: (A) subsequent to a rapid bolus injection of diatrizoate: (B) subsequent to a bolus injection followed by an intravenous drip infusion; and (C) subsequent to a slow intravenous drip infusion. The data indicate that the highest plasma level occurred immediately after bolus injection (A). Significantly more diatrizoate was present in plasma 10 to 25 min from the start of an intravenous drip infusion given over 12.5 min (C) than when the same dose was given as a rapid bolus (A). The slow infusion method also resulted in significantly higher diatrizoate plasma levels from 15 to 25 min when compared to the bolus plus drip method (B). The differences in the calculated extravascular concentrations were insignificant among the three groups once all of the contrast material had been infused, i.e., after 12.5 min. The results are discussed in terms of their practical application to cranial computed tomography. PMID- 7365016 TI - Pharmacokinetics of contrast media: experimental results in dog and man with CT implications. AB - The pharmacokinetics of contrast media such as sodium iocarmate, sodium ioxithalamate, metrizamide, sodium/meglumine diatrizoate, and sodium ioxaglate (a recently introduced medium: a hexaiodinated monoacid dimer) was compared in 25 dogs. A biphasic phenomenon was observed due to the rapid diffusion of contrast media from plasma into tissue (interstitium) followed by slow urinary excretion. A bicompartmental analysis was performed in dogs for each agent, showing that the tissue distribution of ioxithalamate is higher than that of other media. Sodium/meglumine ioxithalamate, sodium iocarmate, and sodium/meglumine ioxaglate were also compared in 20 human subjects. The diffusion and excretion phases observed in man appear to be slower than in the dog. Significant variations of iodine plasma concentration from one patient to another were recorded for the same medium and at the same interval after injection. Significant differences were observed between ioxithalamate and iocarmate or ioxaglate plasma concentrations due to the greater tissue diffusibility of ioxithalamate. The mechanisms affecting contrast media diffusibility are discussed: osmolarity, liposolubility, protein binding, and molecular size. Variations in contrast medium concentration in plasma noted in different patients with the same medium are explained by variations in tissue distribution, contrast medium volume, patient age, and patient hydration. Some computed tomographic (CT) implications of these pharmacokinetic studies are discussed. The need for highly diffusible media in routine CT and for less diffusible media in CT angiography is emphasized. PMID- 7365017 TI - Nonradioactive iodoantipyrine enhanced cranial computed tomography: preliminary observations. AB - Nonradioactive 4-iodoantipyrine, an iodinated indicator that freely diffuses across the blood-brain barrier, was serially imaged in vivo using computed tomography (CT). Prominent enhancement was immediately detected in the brain substance of the dog following the intracarotid injection of this contrast medium. An estimate was made of the brain:blood partition coefficient for 4 iodoantipyrine from the CT derived arterial and brain concentration of this iodinated marker. Practical applicability of this technique is limited unless an improved method for getting the 4-iodoantipyrine into solution can be developed. However, this study reinforces the concept that local cerebral blood flow and metabolism can be analyzed by diffusible tracers using CT. PMID- 7365018 TI - The CT classification of ethmoid mucoceles. AB - The computed tomography (CT) appearance of mucoceles involving the ethmoid sinuses is presented. A classification based on the growth patterns of these mucoceles is proposed, and a differential diagnosis for each group is suggested. The unique CT appearance of the ethmoid polypoid--mucocele is described for the first time, and the radiographic definition of a mucocele is discussed. PMID- 7365019 TI - Contact enhancement by xenon gas in computed tomography of the spinal cord and brain: preliminary observations. AB - Xenon gas has the capability of providing contrast enhancement in computed tomography (CT) by direct contact with certain organs and tissue. Preliminary observations on the applications of this type of contrast enhancement in CT study of the central nervous system (spinal cord and brain) are reported. PMID- 7365020 TI - Benign extramedullary foramen magnum tumors: diagnosis by computed tomography. AB - This paper reports two cases of benign extramedullary tumors of the foramen magnum studied by computed tomography (CT). The first case was a neurinoma; the second was a meningioma. Several different CT findings allowed a correct preoperative diagnosis of the location and nature of the tumors. In view of the invasiveness of traditional diagnostic methods and of the encouraging, although limited, experience of the present cases, the role of CT in the diagnosis of these lesions is promising. PMID- 7365021 TI - CT appearance of renal infarct. AB - A case is presented in which a histologically proven focal infarct of the kidney appeared as a low density mass lesion on computed tomography (CT). In patients with appropriate history, infarction should be included in the differential diagnosis of an area of low CT attenuation within the kidney. PMID- 7365022 TI - Splenic compression of the left kidney simulating pathologic unilateral renal enlargement. AB - A case in which pathologic enlargement of the left kidney was simulated by splenic compression in a 17-year-old boy with hemoglobin SC disease and recurrent left flank pain is presented. The true nature of the apparent enlargement was demonstrated by computed tomography. PMID- 7365023 TI - Splenorrhaphy: CT appearance. AB - Because of the increased incidence of serious infection in patients who have had splenectomy, conservative management of patients who have had splenic trauma is becoming more prevalent. One newer modality is splenorrhaphy, the suture repair of splenic lacerations. We report a case of splenic trauma treated by splenorrhaphy and later evaluated by computed tomography (CT). Certain characteristic CT features, such as the visualization of Teflon pledgets, illustrate the importance of distinguishing surgical artifacts from traumatic sequelae. PMID- 7365024 TI - Left atrial myxoma: computed tomography as a diagnostic modality. AB - The workup of left atrial myxomas has variably ranged from a physical examination, laboratory tests, and echocardiography to the invasive modalities of angiography and cardiac surgery. We propose that computed tomography (CT) be considered a sensitive, noninvasive adjuvant in the diagnosis of these tumors. This report describes successful utilization of CT imaging in one such case of proven left atrial myxoma. PMID- 7365025 TI - CT evaluation of mediastinal pseudocyst. AB - Rarely do pancreatic pseudocysts extend into the mediastinum. We recently evaluated a case exemplifying this phenomenon. Although ultrasonography demonstrated the nature of the mass, computed tomography (CT) allowed better definition of various anatomic relationships and afforded improved definition of the superior aspect of the pancreatic pseudocyst. The role of CT and its advantages over ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of pancreatic pseudocyst are discussed. PMID- 7365026 TI - Acute hemorrhage into the gallbladder diagnosed by computed tomography and ultrasonography. AB - Hemorrhage into the gallbladder occurs rarely and may result from gangrenous cholecystitis, cystic artery aneurysm, or varicose veins in the gallbladder wall. A definitive diagnosis of intraluminal gallbladder hemorrhage is possible with computed tomography. PMID- 7365027 TI - Inflammatory aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. AB - Inflammatory aneurysms of the abdominal aorta are an uncommon variant of the arteriosclerotic variety. They are characterized by a perivascular peel of inflamed fibrous tissue. The radiographic appearance of such a case is presented. PMID- 7365028 TI - A method of locating the plane of CT scans of the abdomen. AB - Localization of the level of computed tomography (CT) sections and identification of the anatomical structures are prerequisites in the diagnostic process, A two step method is described by which it is possible to determine quickly the plane of the CT scan of the abdomen using the spine as the reference landmark. The first step is to locate the level at which the vertebra under consideration is sectioned. The second, which consists of identifying the particular vertebra, is made by studying the topographical features of certain groups of paraspinal muscles, comprising mainly the diaphragmatic crura, psoas muscles, quadratus, lumborum, and the sacrospinalis. PMID- 7365030 TI - Ethical relativism and behavior therapy. PMID- 7365029 TI - Automatic contrast medium injector for computed tomography. PMID- 7365031 TI - Appropriate behavioral assessment and modification of sexual deviation: a comment on "biosyntonic" therapy. PMID- 7365033 TI - Behavior therapy and ethical relativism: time for clarity. PMID- 7365032 TI - Unwarranted assumptions can be misleading: reply to "Appropriate behavioral assessment and modification of sexual deviation: a comment on 'biosyntonic' therapy". PMID- 7365035 TI - Assertive behavior and depression. PMID- 7365034 TI - Reply to Russell and associates on the rapid smoking-nicotine level issue. PMID- 7365036 TI - Initiative behavior of male and female therapists in first interviews with females. PMID- 7365037 TI - Depression in college students: beyond the Beck Depression Inventory. PMID- 7365038 TI - Ethical relativism, ethical naturalism, and behavior therapy. PMID- 7365039 TI - Posttreatment experiences and treatment outcome of alcoholic patients six months and two years after hospitalization. PMID- 7365040 TI - Self-monitoring of mood versus activity by depressed clients. PMID- 7365041 TI - Assessment of childhood depression. PMID- 7365042 TI - Modification of migraine headaches by cephalic blood volume pulse and EMG biofeedback. PMID- 7365043 TI - Net positive social approaches of young psychiatric inpatients as influenced by nurses' attire. PMID- 7365044 TI - Schizophrenic and aphasic language: discriminable or not? PMID- 7365045 TI - Differential effects of exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive washers. PMID- 7365046 TI - Slicing the ethical Gordian knot: a response to Kitchener. PMID- 7365047 TI - Cognitive-behavioral treatment for impulsivity: concrete versus conceptual training in non-self-controlled problem children. PMID- 7365048 TI - Relationship between the Whitaker Index of schizophrenic thinking and intelligence in paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenics. PMID- 7365049 TI - Psychotherapy and religious values. PMID- 7365051 TI - Cardiovascular risk reduction in a community setting: some comments. PMID- 7365050 TI - Skills training in a cardiovascular health education campaign. PMID- 7365052 TI - Cardiovascular risk modification by community-based programs for life-style change: comments on the Stanford study. PMID- 7365053 TI - Reply to Kasl and Levanthal et al. PMID- 7365055 TI - Development of a sex anxiety inventory. PMID- 7365056 TI - Measurement of the impact of psychotherapy sessions. PMID- 7365054 TI - Nonverbal interventions in clinical groups. PMID- 7365057 TI - Prospective study of the significance of life stress in the etiology of child abuse. PMID- 7365058 TI - Family self-control instruction for children's nighttime fear reduction. PMID- 7365059 TI - Neuropsychological correlates of severe asthma in children 9-14 years old. PMID- 7365060 TI - Social skills training with elementary school students: a behavioral group approach. PMID- 7365062 TI - Influence of religious affiliation on psychodiagnosis. PMID- 7365061 TI - Utility of digit recall tasks for assessing memory in the aged. PMID- 7365063 TI - Effects of social skills training groups and sensitivity training groups with psychiatric patients. PMID- 7365064 TI - Learning-disabled children do not have a perceptual organization deficit: comments on Dean's WISC-R analysis. PMID- 7365065 TI - They do when compared with emotionally disturbed children: reply to Sattler. PMID- 7365066 TI - Comment on Martindale's "Hemispheric asymmetry and Jewish intelligence test patterns. PMID- 7365067 TI - Is religious affiliation a plausible grouping factor? PMID- 7365068 TI - Comment on Gotlib and Asarnow's learned helplessness study. PMID- 7365070 TI - Trait anxiety, spontaneous flexibility, and intelligence in young and elderly adults. PMID- 7365069 TI - Independence of interpersonal and impersonal problem-solving skills: reply to Rohsenow. PMID- 7365072 TI - Relative effectiveness of behavioral and reflective group training with foster mothers. PMID- 7365073 TI - Alternate-form reliability and age-related scores for Russell's Revised Wechsler Memory Scale. PMID- 7365071 TI - Two-year follow-up of a nonaversive treatment for cigarette smoking. PMID- 7365074 TI - Time urgency of the type A behavior pattern. PMID- 7365075 TI - Desirable and undesirable masculine and feminine traits in counseling clients and unselected students. PMID- 7365076 TI - Preparation of children and parents for treatment at a children's psychiatric clinic through videotaped modeling. PMID- 7365077 TI - Editorial blues XXIV. PMID- 7365078 TI - More on local anesthesia of digits. PMID- 7365079 TI - Surgical gems. Excision of benign pigmented nevi by shave technique. PMID- 7365081 TI - Principles of design and the dynamics of movement of flaps. AB - Forethought about the design of flaps and understanding of the dynamics of their movement are necessary to their success and to cosmetically acceptable results. These considerations are discussed, and techniques are described and illustrated for advancement, rotation, and rhomboid flaps. PMID- 7365080 TI - Tumor conference No. 28. Failure of radiation therapy for a basal-cell carcinoma. PMID- 7365082 TI - Closure of the donor site in hair transplantation by a cluster technique. AB - A new method of management of donor sites in punch-graft hair-transplant surgery is described and illustrated. Other forms of management are discussed and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are presented. Cluster closure is a useful technique applicable in many cases of hair transplantation. PMID- 7365083 TI - The rampant basal-cell carcinoma: report and lessons of a case. AB - The case of a patient with a basal-cell carcinoma over a clavicle that escaped early treatment and became widespreadand deeply burrowing is recounted. It was first treated by radiotherapy, seemed to have been cured thereby, but two years later showed recurrence. It was then treated by Mohs' fresh-tissue technique which cleared the skin but exposed invaded bone and uncertain depth of involvement below. Radical extirpative surgery was subsequently attempted on two occasions, but when invasion was found to have involved major vessels in the neck, further treatment had to be abandoned. Some lessons of the case are discussed. PMID- 7365084 TI - The use of a bipedicled flap for defects on the bridge of the nose. AB - Use of a bipedicled flap with advancement of glabellar skin is an excellent method to close defects on the bridge of the nose. The technique is illustrated by photographs selected from several cases. PMID- 7365086 TI - Scratching at diagnostic possibilities. PMID- 7365085 TI - Adverse cutaneous effects of ionizing and non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation. AB - Modern man is constantly exposed to many forms of electromagnetic radiation, both ionizing and non-ionizing. Although many uses of electromagnetic radiation artfully administered serve man well, injudicious exposure carries a potential for harm. Various types of electromagnetic radiation and possible hazards from them are discussed. PMID- 7365087 TI - Stamps commemorating medicine. "The year of the child". PMID- 7365088 TI - The "field-fire" basal-cell carcinoma: treatment by cryosurgery. PMID- 7365089 TI - The biomechanics of locomotion: applicability to dermatologic and orthopedic conditions of the foot. PMID- 7365090 TI - A pressure dressing on the scalp by a modified Russian technique. PMID- 7365091 TI - Stump the experts. PMID- 7365092 TI - Transplantation of single hairs from the scalp as eyelashes. Review of the literature and a case report. AB - Japanese dermatologists have successfully used single-hair grafts and grafts of two and three hairs for the reconstruction of eyebrows, eyelashes, pubic hair, and alopecic scars in scalps. A brief review of the Japanese literature and surgical technique is given followed by a case report of transplantation of hairs from the scalp as lashes by the author's modification of the Japanese technique. PMID- 7365093 TI - The "Iconoclast," a superb instrument for undermining. AB - The "Iconoclast" was designed to separate with ease the dermis from underlying fascia or periosteum. It dissects bluntly and thus reduces need for sharp cutting and snipping, and minimizes damage to blood vessels and nerves. PMID- 7365094 TI - Variation in operative technique: the "nip 'n tuck" principle in dermatologic surgery. AB - Variations in operative technique to meet special circumstances in given cases and to take advantage of the natural elasticity of the skin have to be practiced for best results. The methods of "nip 'n tuck" tailoring are practicable in artful excisions of Burow's triangles, correction of "dog ears," and in devising H- and M-plasties to fit particular needs. PMID- 7365095 TI - Transposition flaps for the correction of baldness: a practical office procedure. AB - The hair-bearing temporoparietal flap has become an important adjunct procedure in hair transplantation. This flap provides a dense concentration of hair and is especially beneficial for marginal or extensively bald patients. It is a practical office procedure. PMID- 7365097 TI - Removal of a ring from a swollen finger without injuring the ring. PMID- 7365096 TI - Technique and dosimetry in the management of extensive basal-cell carcinomas of the head and neck region by irradiation with electron beams. AB - The use of irradiation by electron beam in the treatment of four cases of extensive basal-cell carcinomas of the skin of the head and neck is described. The technique of treatment is simple, convenient, well tolerated, and the treatment has good cosmetic and functional results. Local control has been excellent in the cases treated and there have been no complications from the electron-beam therapy. PMID- 7365098 TI - Processing deficiencies of learning-disabled children who perform poorly on the Digit Span Test. PMID- 7365099 TI - Acquisition of information from educational television programs as a function of differently paced humorous inserts. PMID- 7365100 TI - Children's beliefs about the causes of success and failure in school settings. PMID- 7365101 TI - Factor analysis of the WISC-R for the gifted. PMID- 7365102 TI - Field independence and imagery-assisted prose recall of children. PMID- 7365103 TI - Influence of the medium on children's story apprehension. PMID- 7365104 TI - Spontaneous monitoring and regulation of learning: a comparison of successful and less successful fifth graders. PMID- 7365105 TI - [Cerebral circulation at rest and during performance of functional tests by the crew of the "Saliut-4" space station]. PMID- 7365106 TI - [Relationship between the life span of tumor-bearing animals and the kinetic constants of tumor growth]. PMID- 7365107 TI - [Denaturation of human carboxyhemoglobin in the presence of tetraalkylammonium salts]. PMID- 7365109 TI - Caval catheter haemodialysis. AB - We describe a five-year experience using vena caval access for haemodialysis utilizing the McIntosh double-lumen catheter. A description of the catheter, method of insertion and of its performance including complications in 88 patients is given. The McIntosh catheter is a rapid, simple, effective and safe means of obtaining access for short-term haemodialysis. PMID- 7365108 TI - Circulating immune complexes in patients with gram negative septic shock. AB - In order to explain complement components abnormalities observed during septic shock, circulating immune complexes (C.I.C.) were searched for in sera from 34 patients with gram negative sepsis by two different methods: polyethylene glycol precipitation test based on physical properties of C.I.C. and C1q deviation test based on the property of radiolabelled C1q to react with C.I.C. Serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and complement components (C1q, C3, C4) levels were simultaneously determined. Seventeen patients with minimal haemodynamic abnormalities had normal or increased levels (except C4 at 62% of normal) and in eleven cases both tests for C.I.C. were simultaneously positive. Seventeen patients with severe septic shock had a decrease in IgG, IgM C1q, C3 and C4 and none had both tests for C.I.C. simultaneously positive (P less than 10(-4)). The disappearence of C.I.C. in patients with severe septic shock associated with evidence of complement activation suggests their involvement in the pathogenesis of septic shock in man. PMID- 7365110 TI - The changing face of intensive care. PMID- 7365112 TI - Disorganized recall during suggested amnesia: fact not artifact. PMID- 7365111 TI - The pathophysiology of shock. AB - This is a very brief, superficial and biased discussion of the pathophysiologic changes in shock. It was designed to provide some insight into the very complex changes that occur, with particular attention to a few examples of the impaired cell metabolism, including changes in ATP, cAMP, and calcium. Although inadequate tissue perfusion through nutrietn capillaries is the main etiologic factor in most types of shock, it is not the primary problem in many patients, particularly those with early or hyperdynamic sepsis. The importantance of oxygen consumption and the possible benefits of higher hemoglobin levels are discussed to some extent because of their possible clinical application. PMID- 7365113 TI - Cognitive theory and the generality of pessimism among depressed persons. PMID- 7365114 TI - Insomniacs' perceptions of cognitive versus somatic determinants of sleep disturbance. PMID- 7365115 TI - Hypnotic time distortion and learning: another look. PMID- 7365116 TI - Cognitive processes in normal and hyperactive children and their response to amphetamine treatment. PMID- 7365117 TI - Death orientation and life-threatening behavior. PMID- 7365118 TI - Psychotic patterns of the concept of the object on the Rorschach Test. PMID- 7365119 TI - Universal versus personal helplessness in depression: belief in uncontrollability or incompetence? PMID- 7365120 TI - The role of attributions of responsibility in the facilitation of unusual experiential states during alpha training: an analysis of the biofeedback placebo effect. PMID- 7365121 TI - The effect of stimulus significance on the electrodermal response in chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 7365122 TI - Word associations of socially isolated adolescents. PMID- 7365123 TI - Visual and memory search by process schizophrenics. PMID- 7365124 TI - Sentence perception and distractibility in schizophrenic, manic, and depressed patients. PMID- 7365125 TI - Verbal associative disturbances in children at high risk for schizophrenia. PMID- 7365126 TI - Childhood social competence in functionally disordered psychiatric patients and in normals. PMID- 7365127 TI - Effects of neonatal risk, maternal attitude, and cognitive style on early postpartum adjustment. PMID- 7365128 TI - Psychological characteristics of subjects identified by platelet MAO activity and evoked potentials as biologically at risk for psychopathology. PMID- 7365130 TI - Psychiatric diagnosis as prototype categorization. PMID- 7365129 TI - Life events and psychopathology severity among first psychiatric admissions. PMID- 7365131 TI - Revisiting sex differences in the expression of depression. PMID- 7365132 TI - Social competence and depression: the role of illusory self-perceptions. PMID- 7365134 TI - Alcohol's effects on physiological arousal and self-reported affect and sensations. PMID- 7365133 TI - Alcohol and social anxiety in males: behavioral, cognitive, and physiological effects. PMID- 7365135 TI - A test of the voluntarism hypothesis among nonvolunteering opiate addicts who voluntarily return to treatment. PMID- 7365136 TI - Three types of extreme drug users identified by a replicated cluster analysis. PMID- 7365137 TI - A replication and extension of "physical attractiveness and mental illness". PMID- 7365138 TI - Variables influencing the acquisition and maintenance of aggressive behavior: modeling versus sensory reinforcement. PMID- 7365139 TI - The maintenance of self- and drug-attributed behavior change: a critique. PMID- 7365140 TI - Laboratory induction of mood states through the reading of self-referent mood statements: affective changes or demand characteristics? PMID- 7365142 TI - Devaluation of the human love object: heterosexual rejection as a possible antecedent to fetishism. PMID- 7365141 TI - Remembering of sentences by schizophrenic young adults. PMID- 7365143 TI - An MMPI comparison of polydrug and heroin abusers. PMID- 7365144 TI - Factors influencing rapport in hypnosis. PMID- 7365145 TI - Destruction of bacteria and toxic organic chemicals by a corona discharge. PMID- 7365146 TI - Control of airborne carcinogens. PMID- 7365147 TI - Sulfur oxides, particulates, and human mortality: synopsis of statistical correlations. PMID- 7365148 TI - Indoor and outdoor carbon monoxide measurements at an airport. PMID- 7365149 TI - TMR: a computer medical record for health providers. PMID- 7365150 TI - Planning and development of an HMO in a university community. PMID- 7365151 TI - Epidemic measles in college students. PMID- 7365152 TI - Measles and measles vaccine reactions among college students-Wisconsin. PMID- 7365153 TI - Student suicides during a twenty-year period at a state university campus. PMID- 7365154 TI - The diaphragm: its effective use among college women. PMID- 7365155 TI - Sport-related injuries in women. PMID- 7365156 TI - The development and efficacy of a university mental health service walk-in clinic. PMID- 7365157 TI - Drinking and drug use among college students in New England. PMID- 7365158 TI - College smokers: worried, sick but still puffing. PMID- 7365159 TI - Smoking patterns among university students in Lebanon. PMID- 7365160 TI - Opinions and beliefs regarding family size among a population of Nigerian undergraduate students. PMID- 7365161 TI - The congressional process. An overview of how a bill becomes a law. PMID- 7365162 TI - Some determinants of mother-infant interaction in the premature nursery. PMID- 7365163 TI - Strategic therapy with families and children. PMID- 7365164 TI - Classification of elective mutism. PMID- 7365165 TI - Long-term outcome of obsessive-compulsive disorder in childhood. PMID- 7365166 TI - Childhood and adolescent development of ten female prostitutes. PMID- 7365167 TI - The undoing of residential treatment: a follow-up study of 51 adolescents. PMID- 7365168 TI - Preschool children's conception of ghosts. PMID- 7365169 TI - The handicapped child and his family: consonance and dissonance. With special reference to deaf children. PMID- 7365170 TI - Behavioral deviance and teacher ratings of prosocial behavior: preliminary findings. PMID- 7365171 TI - The effect of unfamiliar tasks and teachers on autistic children's negativism. PMID- 7365172 TI - The child in group foster care: issues of separation and loss. PMID- 7365173 TI - Psychiatric findings in the population of a geriatric evaluation unit: implications. AB - Psychiatric evaluation was performed routinely in 262 patients newly admitted to a Medical Geriatric Evaluation Unit (GEU). The study was conducted in a medical facility that provides excellent medical and surgical care for acute illnesses. The psychiatric disorders found far exceeded those one might expect in a comparable general population, and most were not recognized prior to the patient's transfer. For example, in the GEU, the incidence of organic brain syndrome was 65.3 percent, and of dysphoria-depression 31.3 percent. The data indicate a need to recognize psychiatric problems in order to ensure appropriate care, and suggest that medical care of the elderly with acute illness will be inadequate if it is based upon the approach used for younger populations. This situation apparently exists in most hospitals, including leading medical centers. The needs of the elderly with acute illnesses are quite different from those of younger patients. Recognition of factors that potentially influence outcomes and overall future health will meet public health's primary and secondary prevention goals. PMID- 7365174 TI - Gerontologic and geriatric training in medical school: curricular preferences shown by medical students, educators, and general practitioners. AB - The need for incorporating gerontologic and geriatric training into the education of medical students is evident. Two main obstacles are the lack of educator knowledge in planning such training, and negative attitudes toward aging and the aged. Curriculum planning requires a design for the goals/objectives, the content, and the delivery vehicles. This article concerns chiefly the delivery vehicles, a subject which has received little attention in the literature. Negative attitudes on the part of students and their educators may defeat the incorporation of geriatric training into the curriculum. To assist in reducing these obstacles, a study was conducted for the purpose of providing data to educators which might facilitate the design of a delivery component for a medical student curriculum in gerontology and geriatrics. Senior medical students, their educators, and some general practitioners were surveyed in randomized groups, to determine: 1) their preferences for delivery vehicles in such a curriculum, 2) their attitudes toward aging and the aged, and 3) relevant demographic variables. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of the potential impact of these factors on their preferences and on the creation of obstacles to curriculum incorporation. PMID- 7365175 TI - Sleep disturbances in a series of elderly patients: polysomnographic findings. AB - A group of 27 elderly patients with complaints of either chronic insomnia or excessive daytime sleepiness were studied in the Sleep Evaluation Center of Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic during the period January 1977-June 1979. On the basis of anamnestic data from patients and bedroom partners, together with polysomnographic findings, sleep disturbances were classified according to the nosology of the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers. Of the 27 patients, 19 had disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep (DIMS), 7 had disorders of excessive somnolence (DOES), and 1 had parasomnia (episodic nocturnal wandering). Of the 19 DIMS patients, two-thirds had either a primary affective disorder (depression) or a persistent psychophysiologic disturbance. Of the 7 DOES patients, 6 had a primary sleep disorder such as a sleep apnea syndrome or narcolepsy-cataplexy. Additional electroencephalographic sleep data are presented on elderly patients with primary nonpsychotic depression. The latency of rapid eye movements (REM) in the depressed patients was shorter (p less than 0.05) than in patients with a persistent psychophysiologic disturbance. The percentage of REM sleep was significantly elevated (p less than 0.05) in the depressed group, and intermittent wakefulness was decreased (p less than 0.01). The causes of sleep disturbance in the elderly are both heterogeneous and complex. The need for accurate differential diagnosis and a multiaxial approach is stressed. PMID- 7365176 TI - Noninvasive detection and prevention of deep-vein thrombosis in the geriatric patient. AB - Noninvasive methods for the early detection of, and prevention of deep-vein thrombosis can significantly reduce postoperative morbidity and mortality in the elderly due to venous thromboembolism. The technique of venous impedance plethysmography provides a rapid means of assessing the patency of the venous system by detecting changes in venous volume and maximum venous outflow, thus providing for early detection of deep-vein thrombosis. Prevention of deep-vein thrombosis can be accomplished through use of external intermittent pneumatic compression. This technique prevents venous stasis and stimulates the natural fibrinolytic activity of the vein-wall endothelium. PMID- 7365177 TI - Diagnosing mental illness in the elderly. AB - Diagnosing mental illness in the elderly is difficult because changes in physical and psychologic functioning may mimic psychiatric disorders. The reverse is also true. Although chronologic age is not related directly to predisposition to mental illness, the stresses experienced by elderly persons as a result of declining health and loss of social status may result in mental disorders. Accurate diagnosis, which takes all these factors into account, is particularly important for the rational treatment of elderly patients. PMID- 7365178 TI - Subdural hematoma: a clinical approach. AB - Subdural hematoma (SDH) in the elderly often occurs following a relatively mild fall. Compared to the old person's high risk of falling, SDH is relatively uncommon and the diagnosis may be elusive. Five cases are presented, two in detail. In one, despite the acute onset within hours and manifestations of an ipsilateral neurologic deficit, operative removal of the SDH gave excellent results. The second patient represented a dementia assessment problem prior to admission to an institution. Inpatient observation eventually revealed a deteriorating neurologic state and led to the correct diagnosis of SDH. The patient returned home, fully recovered, two weeks after the appropriate surgical procedure. The pathogenesis of SDH is discussed. Clinical suspicion of its presence should prompt the performance of an echoencephalogram and a computerized axial tomogram of the brain. PMID- 7365179 TI - Diagonal ear lobe crease and coronary risk factors. AB - The prevalence of ear lobe crease (ELC) was determined in 421 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and in 421 controls. A higher prevalence (p less than 0.05) of ELC was found in MI patients (77 percent) in comparison to controls (40 percent), regardless of age. In addition, a higher prevalence was found in patients in whom MI was combined with diabetic retinopathy or hypertension, and in Ashkenazi Jews compared to non-Ashkenazi Jews. Ear lobe biopsies in 12 subjects revealed tears of the elastic fibers in all subjects with ELC, and prearteriole wall thickening in subjects with MI and/or ELC, but not in the 2 subjects with neither MI nor ELC. The early appearance of ELC may imply the existence of coronary heart disease with or without coronary risk factors. PMID- 7365180 TI - Compression injury of the sciatic nerve during a prolonged surgical procedure in a diabetic patient. AB - Patients with diabetes mellitus and an underlying mixed axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathy are particularly prone to compression neuropathies with consequent axonal degeneration and a poor prognosis for recovery. This hazard should be taken into account whenever a prolonged surgical procedure is contemplated. An illustrative case is presented. PMID- 7365181 TI - Utilization review committee as a peer review mechanism. AB - The appropriate utilization and the quality of care in long-term care facilities should be documented and monitored. This is best accomplished at the local level by physicians and other professionals serving on Utilization Review Committees. Paper compliance to regulation of state or federal agencies is a poor substitute for active involvement of the professionals at the local level. PMID- 7365182 TI - Paraphrenia: paranoid states of late life. II. American research. AB - In Part I of this study, a review of the European literature on paraphrenia demonstrated that the disorder affects a significant number of older persons and is probably part of the schizophrenic spectrum. Part II presents the current research evidence and issues concerning paraphrenia, a disorder commonly misdiagnosed or overlooked in the United States. Recommendations are made for a rigorous investigation of this group of patients that American psychiatry has not studied adequately. Comparisons of paraphrenic and schizophrenic patients undoubtedly will provide new insights into both the process of schizophrenia and the process of aging. PMID- 7365183 TI - Multiple monitored electroconvulsive therapy in the elderly. AB - Twenty patients aged 45 or older with the diagnosis of endogenous depression were evaluated in terms of safety and efficacy in their response to multiple monitored electroconvulsive therapy (MMECT) versus single electroconvulsive therapy (SECT). The MMECT group (10 patients) when compared retrospectively with the control SECT group (10 patients) showed a similar record for safety and efficacy. However, the MMECT group required shorter overall duration of treatment, fewer sessions of general anesthesia, and lower dosages of anesthetic agents. The chief benefit of MMECT probably is in the reduction of the time the patient is at risk for suicide. PMID- 7365184 TI - High-density lipoproteins and peripheral vascular disease in octo- and nonagenarians. AB - In a medical service for ambulant patients, 180 unselected octo- and nonagenarians were studied. They showed high-density lipoprotein (HDL) values similar to those reported for younger age groups. In 81 patients, a combination of various noninvasive angiologic techniques was used in addition to the history and physical examination. The frequencies of the clinical signs of peripheral arterial disease, and of stenoses and occlusions in the lower-limb vessels, differed significantly between three HDL-cholesterol subgroups, being highest in the group with the lowest HDL values. PMID- 7365185 TI - Bacterial pneumonia in the elderly. AB - A retrospective study was made of patients having community-acquired pneumonia and treated at a large municipal hospital in 1973. Patients from nursing homes or other paramedical facilities were excluded. The incidence of Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia was significantly higher in elderly patients compared to two younger groups, and mortality from this type of pneumonia was higher than from pneumococcal or staphylococcal types or from pneumonia of unknown cause. Recommendations are made for the initial treatment of elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia. PMID- 7365186 TI - Bulk laxative ileus. AB - In an elderly nursing home resident who had taken excessive dosages of bulk laxative for many years, small-bowel obstruction developed, requiring surgical intervention. A carcinoma of the ascending colon probably was the immediate cause of the obstruction, which resulted in the accumulation and inspissation of the bulk laxative throughout the small bowel. Great care should be exercised in the long-term use of these laxatives. PMID- 7365187 TI - Physician acceptance of clinical pharmacy service in a skilled nursing home. AB - A study was made of physician acceptance of pharmacist-recommended changes in the drug therapy of elderly institutionalized patients. The records of 92 such patients were reviewed by the pharmacist. In 33 instances the pharmacist recommended changes in drug therapy. In 75.8% (25 of these 33 patients) the recommendations were judged appropriate and were accepted by the physician concerned. PMID- 7365188 TI - Lack of effect of ascorbic acid, hippuric acid, and methenamine (urinary formaldehyde) on the copper-reduction glucose test in geriatric patients. AB - Ascorbic acid and hippuric acid (from cranberry juice) are commonly used to acidify the urine for the purpose of enhancing the degradation of therapeutic methenamine mandelate to urinary formaldehyde. A study was made of 27 nondiabetic geriatric patients with indwelling Foley catheters and chronic bacteriuria who were treated with methenamine mandelate (4 gm), ascorbic acid (4 gm), and cranberry cocktail (1 liter) daily. All of 972 urine samples showed formaldehyde in mean concentrations between 14 and 25 microgram/ml. No glucose was found when the urine was tested by the copper-reduction method. In vitro false positive reactions reported in the literature do not appear to be duplicated as an in vivo problem. PMID- 7365189 TI - A system for rating the severity of senility. AB - Although the development of senility in members of the aging population is not invariable or predictable at a specific age, the incidence is high and presents a constant problem for those responsible for the care of this group. A simple classification (Classes I-VI) is suggested to describe the severity of senility. The crucial dividing line in the estimation of severity lies at mid-point on the scale, i.e., between Classes III and IV. Class III (direction) represents patients who can accomplish activities if told what to do, and Class IV (assistance) represents patients who need physical help for the activities of daily living. On either side are Classes I and II (minor manifestations) versus Classes V and VI (ambulatory or bedridden patients, unable to communicate appropriately). The severity is estimated in terms of the needs of the patient. PMID- 7365190 TI - Mucocutaneous cysts of the digits; miniature rotation flap procedure on the foot. PMID- 7365191 TI - The "Tell-Tale Foot": a unique opportunity to study systemic disease. PMID- 7365192 TI - Atheroembolism to the lower extremities: a review and case presentation. PMID- 7365193 TI - The effects of a local anesthetic on digital circulation. PMID- 7365194 TI - Foot drop associated with post-traumatic spinal nerve root compression. PMID- 7365195 TI - Footwear fashion cycles. PMID- 7365196 TI - Computerized tomography--the "CT" scanner: a new diagnostic and research potential for podiatric medicine. PMID- 7365197 TI - Poisonous snakebites of the extremities: a case history. PMID- 7365198 TI - Human scabies: a review of diagnosis and current therapy. PMID- 7365199 TI - The lesser metatarsal stress fracture as a complication of the Keller procedure. PMID- 7365200 TI - Thermographic applications in podiatric medicine. PMID- 7365201 TI - Diabetic neurotrophic osteoarthropathy (Charcot joint): a case report. PMID- 7365203 TI - Iowa legislature funds podiatry education program. PMID- 7365202 TI - Black heel. PMID- 7365204 TI - Sole searching. PMID- 7365205 TI - Effects of paddy water and some photosensitizers on the photolysis of the fungicide isoprothiolane. AB - The fungicide isoprothiolane (diisopropyl 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenemalonate) decomposed slowly in deionized water under ultraviolet light or sunlight irradiation. Rice-paddy water greatly accelerated the photodegradation. This photosensitizing effect was comparable to that of 2% acetone. Soil extracts, rice plant extracts, and chlorophylls showed little effect for the isoprothiolane photolysis. Tryptophan showed a relatively weak accelerating effect after a considerable lag time. Riboflavin exerted a remarkable acceleration of the photolysis. This effect was suppressed by a nitrogen gas stream. PMID- 7365206 TI - Effect of sample pretreatment on sorption of acetophenone by soils and sediments. AB - The effect of several sample pretreatment storage techniques, the effect of degree of grinding, and the effect or organic matter removal on the sorption of acetophenone was examined. No significant difference in the sorption of acetopheonone was observed when air-dried, freeze-dried, oven-dried, frozen, or samples kept at 2 degrees C (fresh) were compared. All pretreatment storage techniques resulted in linear sorption isotherms and gave good fits to the modified Freundlich equation (Cs = Kp . Cw). No significant differences in sorption constants (Kp) were observed for samples with a 2 mm maximum diameter when compared to samples ground to 0.6 mm maximum diameter or 0.25 mm maximum diameter. Organic matter removal resulted in decreased Kp values for samples containing more than 1% organic carbon initially but increased Kp values for samples containing less than 1% organic carbon before removal. Expandable 2:1 clay mineral content was significantly correlated with adsorption of acetophenone after organic matter removal. PMID- 7365207 TI - Measurement of sublethal metabolic stress in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) using automated respirometry. AB - Sublethal effects of rotenone on the metabolic rates of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) were determined. Metabolic measurements were made by the method of increasing velocity steps, using a miniature version of the Blazka respirometer with automatic dissolved oxygen measurement. Regressions of log metabolic rate versus swimming speed (expressed as relative performance) were compared for the toxicant levels tested. Results were interpreted in terms of Fry's classification of environmental factors using metabolic response categories ("Fry's paradigm"). At high rotenone dosages (96 hr. LC 50), reduction in the critical swimming speed and the active metabolic rate (limiting effect) were observed. At lower toxicant levels (0.20 x 96 hr. LC 50) the standard metabolic rate was elevated (masking effect) and the limiting effect disappeared. The elevation in metabolic rate decreased in competition with locomotor energy costs as they increased with swimming speed (modulated masking effect). PMID- 7365208 TI - Subcellular distribution of neurotoxic esterase activity in lamb and mouse brain. AB - Brain tissue samples of mice (7.6 g from 25 mouse brains and lamb (25 g) were homogenized and subcellular fractions prepared in order to assay the distribution of neurotoxic esterase (NTE) activity. The specific inhibitor, N,N diisopropylphosphorodiamidic fluoride (mipafox) was synthesized and purified. Maximum specific activity of NTE was reached in the microsomal fraction (110,000 g) while the enzyme activity in the soluble fraction (110,000 g) was extremely low. This subcellular distribution of NTE activity in mammal brains is an original contribution. Brain microsomal fraction is suggested to be a more reliable source for the highest activity of NTE. The specific activity of NTE of lamb brain was much higher than that of mouse brain. This might help interpretation of the characteristic species variation in susceptibility to NTE inhibitors which are known to be potent delayed neurotoxic agents. PMID- 7365209 TI - Internal topography of major nerves of the forearm and hand: a current view. AB - Fresh cadaver nerves were examined by serial cross-sections and microdissection with the operating microscope. The findings are compared with those of previous authors, primarily Sydney Sunderland. Our study confirms and amplifies Sunderland's findings: although it is true that funicular prexus formation and interchange takes place in the nerves of the human forearm, these connections are not of such a degree as to preclude operative procedures such as intraneural neurolysis, fascicular nerve repair, and interfascicular nerve grafting. Individual branches and bundles can be identified and traced within the main nerve trunk for considerable distances without significant trauma to conducting fibers. This arrangement lends itself to the application of modern microneurosurgical techniques. Clinical applications of these findings in the repair, lysis, and grafting of the major nerves of the forearm are described. The possibility of using such branches as the dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve(if irreparably damaged) as a donor nerve for grafting is noted. PMID- 7365211 TI - The biomechanical responses to tension in a peripheral nerve. AB - The biomechanical adjustments rat sciatic nerves make to tension were studied 7 weeks after experimental nerve repair. Nerve tissue adjusts to tension by increasing its compliance if stretched within its physiological limits. Anatomical changes observed in the nerve tissue 7 weeks after stretching apparently accounts for the nerves extensibility, a biomechanical adjustment that helps preserve nerve continuity during the joint extension phase of extremity rehabilitation. PMID- 7365210 TI - Anomalous volar branch of the dorsal cutaneous ulnar nerve: a case report. AB - A 17-year-old boy, who had complained of pain for many years, had an anomalous branch from the dorsal ulnar cutaneous nerve which passed ulnar to the pisiform bone and was compressed by the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon. The symptoms were relieved completely by decompression of this nerve. PMID- 7365212 TI - Palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve. AB - With recent attention being placed on the median palmar cutaneous nerve, a surgical approach, ulnar to the axis of the ring finger ray, has been advocated for median nerve decompression at the wrist. Painful hypothenar neuromas have developed in two patients with this type of incision. After dissecting 21 cadaver forearms and hands, three classic and two variants of the ulnar palmar cutaneous nerve were identified and found to emerge in the subcutaneous tissue ulnar to the ring finger ray. The terminal branches supplied the hypothenar skin and extended radially to the ring finger ray axis. Because of these anatomic findings, we recommend an incision in line with the ring finger ray axis in an attempt to avoid injury to both ulnar and median palmar cutaneous nerves. PMID- 7365213 TI - Median and ulnar nerve entrapment caused by ectopic calcification: report of two cases. PMID- 7365215 TI - Nerve regeneration through preformed pseudosynovial tubes. A preliminary report of a new experimental model for studying the regeneration and reorganization capacity of peripheral nerve tissue. AB - In a two-stage procedure the pseudosynovial sheath, formed around a silicone rubber rod placed in the back of rats, was used as a free "tube-graft" to bridge freshly cut gaps of 12 mm length in the sciatic nerve. The tube was kept open by a thin metal spiral, originally implanted around the silicone rubber rod. In this model the regenerating nerve fibers grew into an "open" space formed inside the pseudosynovial tube. The tissue formed in the tube was analyzed after 3 months by light and electron microscopy. Within the tube a new nerve trunk was formed, comprising closely packed myelinated and nonmyelinated fibers organized in fascilcles. The fascicles were surrounded by regenerated perineurim, and the new nerve was surrounded by an epineurium-like sheath. An electromyogram recorded from the flexor muscles of the foot confirmed motor reinnervation. The findings are discussed in view of current concepts of nerve regeneration. PMID- 7365214 TI - An unusual variant of the anterior interosseous nerve syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7365216 TI - Giant-cell tumors of the bones of the hand. AB - Twenty-eight giant-cell tumors of the bones of the hands of 21 patients were reviewed. There were 14 lesions in the phalanges, 12 in the metacarpals, and two in the carpal bones. Giant-cell tumor of bones develop at a younger age, have a shorter duration of symptoms, and recur more rapidly when they occur in the hand than when they occur in other locations. Curettage was found to be ineffective as a method of treatment; 13 of 15 tumors treated by curettage recurred. Amputation or local resection is recommended. Since there is an 18% incidence of multicentric foci of giant-cell tumors of the hand, bone scan is advised when these tumors occur in the hand. PMID- 7365217 TI - Granular cell schwannoma of the hand. AB - Two cases of granular cell schwannoma of the hand and a review of literature are presented. Local excision of this tumor seems to be curative. PMID- 7365218 TI - A surgical approach for replantation of complete digital amputations. AB - A technique of extending exposure in digital replantation using lateral incisions permits atraumatic exposure of adequate length of digital nerves, arteries, and veins, and excellent exposure for fashioning bone and debridement and repair of tendon. Increase in viability rates, the ability to repair two arteries per digit, the number of veins repaired per digit, and a higher overall arterial patency rate appear to be related to the improved exposure. Operative time was also significantly shorter. PMID- 7365220 TI - Longitudinal growth of a free toe phalanx transplant to a finger. PMID- 7365219 TI - Methods and results of replantation following traumatic amputation of the thumb in sixty-four patients. AB - Immediate survival and functional results were studied in 64 thumb replantations performed during a 3 year period. The failure rate, 27% overall, was higher in patients over 50 years of age (50%) and following avulsions with or without crushing injuries (58%). Long vein grafts from the radial artery proximally to the thumb arteries distally were employed in 15 patients to bypass the traumatized area in the first web space. A higher survival rate (90%) was associated with the use of vein grafts to restore venous return. Half of the patients followed 6 months or longer had good discriminatory sensibility (less than 10 mm). Sensory return and cold intolerance were worse in older patients and were not related to level of injury, mechanism of amputation, total ischemia time, or number of arteries or veins repaired. Loss of motion of the replanted thumb was a frequent cause for inadequate return of function. All thumbs should be considered for replantation, but the results will be poorer in older patients. If possible, motion of the interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints should be preserved. PMID- 7365221 TI - Flexor profundus injuries treated with delayed two-staged tendon grafting. AB - Eleven patients with flexor profundus avulsions or severances recognized more than 6 weeks following injury were treated with delayed two-stage tendon grafting. Twelve profundus grafts were performed. All were young, well-motivated men. Total active motion improved from 166 to 244. Grip strength was significantly improved in eight patients. One graft ruptured requiring a secondary repair and two tenolyses were performed. PMID- 7365222 TI - The proximal interphalangeal joint volar plate. I. An anatomical and biomechanical study. AB - The anatomy and biomechanics of the volar plate are reviewed. From a study of 60 fresh adult specimens, the authors present a consolidated anatomic concept of this structure, emphasizing the distinctiveness of the proximal attachments, the variable nature of the distal attachments, and the complex relationships to the flexor sheaths, the vincula, and the collateral ligaments. Experimental biomechanical data suggest that the nature and site of injury to this structure is dependent on the rate of application of force: rapid rates produce rupture at the distal attachment, slow rates attenuate the proximal check ligaments. PMID- 7365223 TI - The plastic ridge device and moving two-point discrimination. PMID- 7365224 TI - Treatment for fibromatosis. PMID- 7365225 TI - Modeling the quality of women's birth experience. PMID- 7365226 TI - Social, economic, and biologic correlates of infant mortality in city neighborhoods. PMID- 7365227 TI - The responsible victim: nurses' perceptions of victims of rape. PMID- 7365228 TI - Sex differences in depression: do women always have higher rates? PMID- 7365229 TI - Sex roles and alcohol consumption: a research note. PMID- 7365230 TI - Sociologic and demographic factors related to geographic stability among allied health and nursing personnel. PMID- 7365231 TI - Children's health beliefs and acceptance of a dental preventive activity. PMID- 7365232 TI - The stigma of obesity: the consequences of naive assumptions concerning the causes of physical deviance. PMID- 7365233 TI - Determinants of the social environments of sheltered care settings. PMID- 7365234 TI - Medical history without medicine. PMID- 7365235 TI - Binding of homologous and heterologous IgG to Fc receptors on the fetal rabbit yolk sac membrane. PMID- 7365236 TI - Structural studies on the murine Ia alloantigens. VII. Further evidence for two gene control of the E/C alloantigens. AB - By utilizing comparative tryptic peptide analysis of the E/C alloantigens from additional H-2 recombinant strains, the gene encoding the E/C beta subunit was localized to the I-A or B subregions. By peptide mapping techniques, the E/C alpha- and beta-chains showed little structural homology with the A alloantigen alpha and beta subunits. In addition, comparisons of the E/C beta subunits from F1 strains (b x d) with those from both parental strains revealed that in a heterozygote the beta subunit from either allele (b or d) can associate with the alpha-chain from one allele (d). Thus, the formation of hybrid E/C antigens by cis-trans gene complementation increases the E/C alloantigen repertoire in heterozygotes. PMID- 7365238 TI - Structural studies on the murine fourth component of complement (C4). IV. Demonstration that C4 and Slp are encoded by separate loci. AB - The S region of the murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encodes the structural gene for the fourth complement component (C4) and controls C4 serum levels and expression of the sex-limited protein (Slp). Although Slp was first throught to be an allele of C4, more recent studies have suggested that Slp is either a modified product of the C4 locus or is encoded at a separate locus. By using a sensitive peptide analysis technique, each of the three constitutive polypeptide chains of C4 and Slp was compared, and multiple distinct peptides as well as several shared peptides were detected. These results demonstrate that although C4 and Slp undoubtedly share a common genetic origin, they are encoded by separate structural genes. PMID- 7365237 TI - In vivo lysis of L5178Y cells in the establishment of the tumor-dormant state in DBA/2 mice. PMID- 7365240 TI - Idiotypic analysis of antibodies to hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL). I. Occurrence of species-specific cross-reactive idiotypes of antibodies directed to distinct regions of HEL in guinea pigs. PMID- 7365239 TI - Lack of effect of passive immunization on the active immune response to an ingested soluble protein. PMID- 7365241 TI - Mapping of the X-linked immune deficiency mutation (xid) of CBA/N mice. AB - CBA/N mice carry a recessive mutation at the X-linked immune deficiency (xid) locus that precludes their response to certain thymus-independent (TI) antigens. We have determined that xid is situated on the X-chromosome between the genes Ta (tabby) and Hyp (hypophosphatemia), genetic distances being Ta-6.6 +/- 1.8-xid 12.2 +/- 2.3-Hyp. PMID- 7365242 TI - Distinction between C8-mediated and C8/C9-mediated hemolysis on the basis of independent 86Rb and hemoglobin release. AB - The intermediate product EAC1-7 released hemoglobin when incubated with high concentrations of GPC8 in the absence of C9. The reaction failed to reach an end point within 8 hr at 37 degrees C, and analysis of the kinetics indicated that it did not conform to the one-hit theory of immune hemolysis, and was not, therefore, the result of C9 contamination of the C8 preparation. The release of 86Rb from labeled EAC1-7 incubated at 30 degrees C with limiting C8 and excess C9 was paralleled, within 5 to 10 min, by release of hemoglobin. In the absence of C9 and with higher concentrations of C8, 86Rb was released rapidly, but hemoglobin release was delayed for several hours. Addition of excess C9 to concentrations of C8, which did not alone cause 86Rb release, resulted in substantial release of the isotope. These observations indicate that C9 acts by producing a distinct lesion in the cell membrane rather than by accelerating the release of hemoglobin from the C8-initiated 86Rb-releasing lesions. It is concluded that 86Rb release cannot be used as a reliable indicator of cell lysis and that C8- and C8/C9-mediated hemolysis are the result of mechanistically different processes. PMID- 7365243 TI - The cellular nature of concanavalin A-stimulated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Enhanced antibody-dependent cytotoxic cell (ADCC) activity, generated in vitro by concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, was analyzed to identify the nature of the killer (K) cell. Stimulated and unstimulated 2-day cultured cells were separated into sheep erythrocyte rosetting (E+) and non-rosetting (E-) subpopulations, and ADCC activity was determined by using the slopes of linear dose-response plots as a measure of K cell activity. Quantitative comparisons were made by examining activity on a per cell basis ("specific" activity) and total K cell activity recovered per subpopulation. This analysis revealed that although the E- cells were enriched for specific ADCC activity, the E+ subpopulation contained the major proportion of the total recovered activity and nearly all of the Con A-induced increase in K cell activity. PMID- 7365244 TI - Murine antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity: failure to detect effector cells equivalent to human K cells. PMID- 7365245 TI - Eosinophil-mediated mammalian tumor cell cytotoxicity: role of the peroxidase system. PMID- 7365246 TI - Lipid requirements for leukocyte chemotaxis and phagocytosis: effects of inhibitors of phospholipid and cholesterol synthesis. PMID- 7365247 TI - Diffusion control of the binding of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with insoluble anti-CEA antibody. AB - Analysis of the kinetics of CEA binding to rabbit anti-CEA antibody insolubilized on filter paper discs provided six lines of evidence indicating diffusion control of this reaction: 1) The observed forward rate constant, k1obs, decreased when solvent viscosity was increased with sucrose or Ficoll. 2) k1obs per receptor site increased from 1.2 x 10(4) M-1 sec-1 to 2.6 x 10(4) M-1 sec-1 as receptor site density on immunosorbent discs decreased from 5.2 x 10(-13) to 2.1 x 10(-13) moles/disc. 3) Stirring the reacting mixture of CEA and insoluble anti-CEA increased k1obs from 1.2 x 10(4) M-1 sec-1 to 3.4 x 10(4) M-1 sec-1. 4) The activation energy for CEA-insoluble anti-CEA binding was indistinguishable (p greater than 0.1 by t-test) from 4.1 Kcal/mole expected for diffusion controlled reactions. 5) Bimolecular reaction theory predicted a diffusion limited forward rate constant, k1max, for CEA binding to insoluble anti-CEA, which was consistent with our observed k1 of 1.2 x 10(4) M-1 sec-1. 6) k1obs for CEA binding to soluble rabbit anti-CEA antibody was 6.4 x 10(4) M-1 sec-1, 5 times faster than the k1obs of the heterogeneous phase reaction for receptor site density of 5.2 x 10(-13) moles/disc. Diffusion control of ligand binding to insoluble receptors, as exemplified by the CEA-insoluble anti-CEA model system, may be a very general biologic phenomenon. PMID- 7365248 TI - Post-translational control of complement (C5) production by resident and stimulated mouse macrophages. PMID- 7365250 TI - Interaction of reovirus with cell surface receptors. I. Murine and human lymphocytes have a receptor for the hemagglutinin of reovirus type 3. PMID- 7365249 TI - Therapy of leukemia by nonimmune syngeneic spleen cells. AB - In previous studies mice bearing an established transplanted syngeneic leukemia were cured by the adoptive transfer of immune lymphoid cells inoculated as an adjunct to chemotherapy, whereas nonimmune cells had no effect. By employing a smaller initial tumor inoculum to enhance the sensitivity of the chemoimmunotherapy model, the current study demonstrated that cells from normal nonimmune donors can also eradicate tumor. Thus, adult BALB/c mice given a lethal dose (1 x 10(4)) of LSTRA on day 0 were treated on day 5 with cyclophosphamide (CY) alone or CY plus nonimmune cells. Untreated mice all died by day 10. Cy alone prolonged median survival time (MST) to day 20, but all mice died. Treatment with CY plus 1 x 10(7) nonimmune cells prolonged the MST to day 26 and cured 16 of 48 mice. The effector cells, present in the spleens of normal and nude mice, were nonadherent lymphocytes resistant to anti Thy + C. These results are consistent with this effector cell in adoptive chemoimmunotherapy being an NK cell. However, they are distinct from classical NK cells since they are not directly cytotoxic in vitro in a short term CRA and do not neutralize tumor in vivo in a Winn assay. PMID- 7365251 TI - Analysis of the heterogeneity of the mouse H-2K, D, and L gene products. AB - The detection and partial characterization of the major histocompatibility antigens encoded by the three H-2 loci, K, D, and L were performed by analyzing immunoprecipitates from detergent-solubilized radiolabeled cells on two dimensional gels. Each locus was found to code for a population of proteins heterogeneous in both charge and m.w. Only part of the heterogeneity was shown to be due to sialylation as demonstrated by shifts in mobility after neuraminidase treatment of antigen preparations. The 2-D gel analysis of the H-2K, H-2D, and H 2L antigens of the d haplotype shows that each constitutes a distinct series of products. PMID- 7365252 TI - Structure and function of immunoglobulin domains. VIII. An analysis of the structural requirements in human IgG1 for binding to the Fc receptor of human monocytes. AB - A human mononuclear cell population, enriched with monocytes by adhering them to microexudate on Petri dishes previously used for fibroblast cultures was used in a homologous human system to form EA rosettes. IgG1, Fc, and subfragments of Fc representing the C gamma 2 and C gamma 3 domains were tested for their ability to inhibit rosette formation. Although Fc and IgG were equally effective in inhibiting rosette formation over the concentration range 10(-6) to 10(-5) M, all subfragments were inactive at these concentrations. At 10-fold higher concentrations the C gamma 2 fragment was still inactive; however, both the C gamma 3 fragments, pFc' and at C gamma 3, did show significant activity at this higher level. Reduction and alkylation diminished the inhibitory capacity of IgG 10-fold but had a lesser effect on Fc. In a parallel series of experiments the ability of IgG and Fc to inhibit granulocyte rosettes was found to be markedly diminished by reduction and alkylation in both cases. These experiments reveal differences between Fc receptors in different cells, confirm a role for the C gamma 3 homology region in monocyte Fc receptor recognition, but do suggest a requirement, either direct or indirect, for the C gamma 2 domain. PMID- 7365253 TI - Rat alveolar macrophages are susceptible to activation by free and liposome encapsulated lymphokines. AB - Alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained from F344 rats were rendered tumoricidal by incubation in vitro with cellfree culture supernatant fluids rich in macrophage activating factor (MAF) activity harvested from mitogen-stimulated F344 rat lymphocytes. AM activated by this procedure destroyed syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic tumor cells but were not cytotoxic for nonneoplastic cells. MAF was encapsulated in multilamellar lipid vesicles (liposomes) and its ability to render AM tumoricidal was compared with that of free (unencapsulated) MAF. Liposome-encapsulated MAF rendered AM cytotoxic at concentrations up to 16,000 times lower than free MAF. These data demonstrate that AM can respond in vitro to lymphokines and that MAF encapsulated within liposomes is far more efficient in rendering AM tumoridical than free MAF. PMID- 7365254 TI - Inhibition of DRw antisera reactivity by mono and oligosaccharides. AB - Mono and oligosaccharides were used to inhibit the cytotoxicity of antisera detecting HLA-DRw antigens on monocytes isolated from peripheral blood. Certain sugars preferentially inhibited antisera detecting some DRw antigens and not others. Sera detecting HLA-A and B antigens were not inhibited with the sugars used. Anti-DRw sera blocked the attachment of radiolabeled sugars to monocytes with the same patterns as the reciprocal blocking of cytotoxicity by the sugars. The results were not consistent with the intrepretation that carbohydrates are an antigenic "component" of DRw specificity, but rather that the surface structures, possibly those bearing the DRw antigens, are receptors for mono and oligo saccharides. PMID- 7365255 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxic responses induced in vivo and in vitro by a metastatic murine tumor. PMID- 7365256 TI - Identification of basophils as the cells bearing both allelic immunoglobulin allotypes among white blood cells from the peripheral blood of heterozygous rabbits. PMID- 7365257 TI - Mechanisms of lymphocyte activation: linkage between early protein synthesis and late lymphocyte proliferation. AB - An experimental model has been developed to study the mechanisms of lymphocyte activation. Using this model we examined the relationship between early protein synthetic events and the late proliferative response to Con A. We found that transient puromycin or cycloheximide-induced inhibition of protein synthesis during the first hour of stimulation by Con A resulted in either inhibition or enhancement of the response, depending on the subsequent treatment of the cells. If the lymphocytes were either not restimulated or restimulated immediately after the initial pulse with metabolic inhibitor plus Con A, there was a decrease in the proliferative response. However, if the cells were restimulated with Con A 24 hr later, there was a shift in the kinetics resulting in a prolonged and increased response. Inhibition of protein synthesis at 6 hr after stimulation with Con A produced no noticeable effects. Hence, there are protein synthetic events that take place during the first hours of stimulation that are critical for the development of the proliferative response. The possibility that these early protein synthetic events are the target for macrophage-mediated regulation of lymphocyte function is discussed. PMID- 7365258 TI - The in vivo distribution of transferred syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic lymphoid cells: implication for the adoptive immunotherapy of tumors. PMID- 7365259 TI - Natural cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of human lymphocytes depleted of HLA-DR bearing cells with monoclonal HLA-DR antibodies. PMID- 7365260 TI - Glucocorticoids and lymphocytes. I. Increased glucocorticoid receptor levels in antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. AB - Recently a 2- to 3-fold increase in the number of glucocorticoid receptors in human peripheral lymphocytes has been noted after in vitro mitogen stimulation. Here, we extend these observations to in vivo immunization. After unilateral immunization of adrenalectomized male rats, a 50% increase in glucocorticoid receptor sites per cell, determined by binding of dexamethasone, was observed in cell suspensions of homolateral lymph nodes over those from the contralateral nonimmunized side of the same animal. The association constant for dexamethasone was similar in both groups, as was the stereospecificity for various steroids, the time course of cytoplasmic and nuclear association, and cytoplasmic-to nuclear translocation. Despite a 50% increase in the number of glucocorticoid receptor sites per cell, the cells from the homolateral and controlateral lymph nodes were equally sensitive to the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone, as determined by measurements of the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors of protein, RNA, and DNA, or measurements of in vitro cell survival. PMID- 7365261 TI - Genetic control of peripheral leukocyte response to endotoxin in mice. PMID- 7365262 TI - Activation of C3 via the alternative complement pathway results in fixation of C3b to the pneumococcal cell wall. PMID- 7365263 TI - The role of complement in viral infections. III. Activation of the classical and alternative complement pathways by Sindbis virus. PMID- 7365265 TI - IgD idiopathic paraproteinemia in the aging C57BL/KaLwRij mouse. PMID- 7365264 TI - Lack of gene complementation prevents expression of I-Ek in recombinant A.TFR5. AB - The I-E molecule is produced by complementation of genes in I-A (Ae) and I-E (E alpha). Ia specificities 22 and 23 are generated by the hybrid molecule, whereas Ia.7 is an allotypic determinant presumably on the alpha-chain of the I-E molecule. Recombinant A.TFR5 (AfEk) lacks detectable I-E molecule since Af and Ek cannot complement. In a cross between A.TFR5 and B10.A(4R) (AkEb), Aek and E alpha k can successfully complement to express the I-Ek molecule on the cell surface of the heterozygote. Haplotypes H-2b and H-2s can also provide the permissive Abe and Ase molecules for complementation with Ek alpha of A.TFR5. PMID- 7365266 TI - The purification of human basophils. PMID- 7365267 TI - The destruction of Schistosoma mansoni mother sporocysts in vitro by amoebae isolated from Biomphalaria glabrata: an ultrastructural study. PMID- 7365268 TI - Genetic studies on amebocytic accumulations in Biomphalaria glabrata. PMID- 7365269 TI - Leucocytosis in Biomphalaria glabrata sensitized and resensitized to Echinostoma lindoense. PMID- 7365270 TI - Differential leukocytic responses of Biomphalaria glabrata to infection with Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 7365271 TI - Isolation of dengue viruses from peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with hemorrhagic fever. AB - Dengue viruses were isolated by a plaque technique in LLC-MK2 cells from washed peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with hemorrhagic fever. In comparison with plasma, the use of peripheral blood leukocytes permitted greater than three times the recovery rate of viruses, allowed for the isolation of strains of virus from patients with high serum levels of antibody to dengue virus, and extended the period of detectable viremia. The use of peripheral blood leukocytes was especially useful for isolation of viruses from patients with hemorrhagic fever, in whom antibody titers were generally quite high during the acute phase of the disease. This method is recommended for use by laboratories with access to the appropriate acute-phase specimens. Of the peripheral blood leukocytes, adherent monocytes appeared to be the cells most likely affected; however, involvement of atypical lymphocytes, which are commonly found in patients with hemorrhagic fever, or polymorphonuclear leukocytes could not be excluded by this study. Only a small number of infected centers could be identified by infectious-center assays, but the marked augmentation of recovery of virus with the use of peripheral blood leukocytes indicated the presence in patients of a subpopulation of cells that permit dengue virus infection. PMID- 7365272 TI - Culture procedures in the avirulent conversion of legionella pneumophila. PMID- 7365274 TI - Possible transmission by fomites of respiratory syncytial virus. AB - To test whether nosocomial spread of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) could occur through contact with environmental surfaces contaminated by RSV-infected nasal secretions, survival in the environment of RSV isolated from media, pooled adult secretions, and secretions from hospitalized infants was examined. RSV in freshly obtained infant secretions was recovered from countertops for up to 6 hr, from rubber gloves for up to 1 1/2 hr, from cloth gowns and paper tissue for 30- 45 min, and from skin for up to 20 min. RSV in media and pooled secretions survived for slightly longer periods. Further experiments demonstrated that infectious virus could be transferred to hands touching these contaminated surfaces and could be recovered from these hands for up to 25 min. These studies suggest that survival of RSV in the environment of infected infant secretions is sufficient to allow transfer of infectious virus to the hands of hospital personnel. Thus, self-inoculation by contact with contaminated infant secretions may be a potential mode of nosocomial transmission of RSV. PMID- 7365273 TI - Binding of Clostridium difficile cytotoxin and vancomycin by anion-exchange resins. AB - Cholestyramine and colestipol were tested for binding of Clostridium difficile cytotoxin with use of batch absorption and column chromatography. The toxin was bound by both resins and could not be eluted from cholestyramine with either an ionic of a pH gradient. Vancomycin bound to cholestyramine more strongly than to colestipol. Cholestyramine and vancomycin were also tested for therapeutic efficacy in the hamster model of clindamycin-induced cecitis. Both compounds delayed death and reduced levels of cytotoxin in stool; these effects were greatest for vancomycin. Use of the two compounds in combination reduced concentrations of biologically active vancomycin in stool, but the levels still exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration for C. difficile. These data suggest that the therapeutic benefit of cholestyramine in some patients with antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis is due to its binding of the C. difficile cytotoxin. Since anion-exchange resins also bind vancomycin, caution is necessary if resins are used concurrently with vancomycin for therapy. PMID- 7365275 TI - Dose-response of guinea pigs experimentally infected with aerosols of Legionella pneumophila. AB - Experiments were carried out to determine the infectivity, clinical course of disease, and lethality of aerosols of Legionella pneumophila for guinea pigs. The median infectious dose was less than 129 organisms; the 50% lethal dose was 1.4 x 10(5) organisms. In addition, the intraperitoneal 50% lethal dose was 3.0 x 10(6) cells, a value indicating that the organisms were less virulent by the intraperitoneal route than by aerosol. Nonfatal disease always included fever and weight loss. These signs were accompanied by sporadic bacteremia and dyspnea. Leukocyte counts were uninformative. In general, the severity of fever and extent of serologic (microagglutination titer) response were dose-related. The guinea pig may be used as a model for Legionnaires' disease, but the only dependable clinical criteria of infection after airborne challenge are weight loss, fever, and seroconversion. PMID- 7365276 TI - A mouse model of Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonitis. AB - A mouse model for studying infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis is described. Pneumonitis was produced by intranasal inoculation of four trachoma and one lymphogranuloma venereum strains. The infection was confirmed by cell culture isolation of the organisms from the lung, detection of serum antibody and delayed hypersensitivity, and the observation of inclusions in the interstitial cells of the lung by light and electron microscopy. This study indicates that mice may serve as a useful nonprimate animal model for the study of the pathogenesis and immunology of C. trachomatis infection. PMID- 7365277 TI - The role of complement in viral infections. II. the clearance of Sindbis virus from the bloodstream and central nervous system of mice depleted of complement. AB - The following studies were performed to investigate the mechanism(s) by which the complement system limits Sindbis virus infection in the central nervous system of mice. After the intracerebral inoculation of Sindbis virus, no differences in mortality or viral growth in the central nervous system were observed between normal mice and mice depleted of complement by treatment with cobra venom factor. In addition, animals that had been inoculated subcutaneously with Sindbis virus and depleted of complement after the viremic phase had ended did not show any differences in mortality or viral growth in the central nervous system. In contrast, it was found that after the intracardiac inoculation of virus, complement-depleted mice demonstrated a defect in the clearance of infectious virus from the blood. These studies suggest that the increased growth of virus in the brains of complement-depleted mice after the subcutaneous inoculation of Sindbis virus is due to a defect in clearance of infectious virus from the bloodstream rather than to a primary defect within the central nervous system. PMID- 7365278 TI - Influenza immunization policies and practices in Japan. PMID- 7365279 TI - Hepatitis B e antigen in the absence of hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was detected by agar gel diffusion in the serum of four Ugandan adults (three patients with tropical splenomegaly syndrome and one healthy adult) who did not have detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by radioimmunoassay. Two of them had antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, and the other two had antibody to HBsAg. Detection of HBeAg by a relatively insensitive immunodiffusion test in the absence of HBsAg detectable by a sensitive radioimmunoassay suggested that production or removal of these two antigens may occur independently. PMID- 7365280 TI - Hepatitis B e antigen and antibody measured by radioimmunoassay in acute hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatitis. AB - The presence of the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody to HBeAg (anti HBe) was studied by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay in 70 patients with acute hepatitis positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. HBeAg was found in 15 of 16 patients studied within two weeks after onset of symptoms. In total, 45 patients were found positive for HBeAg. The prevalence of this antigen declined constantly during the first 10 weeks after onset of symptoms. Chronic liver disease was demonstrated or suspected in 10 patients, including the five patients who had HBeAg for more than 10 weeks after onset of symptoms. In 33 patients with seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe, 27 (82%) developed anti-HBe within two weeks after the clearance of HBeAg. Among the 58 patients who were or became HBeAg-negative, 53 (91%) had or developed anti-HBe. Thus HBeAg seems to be present regularly in early acute hepatitis B. The persistence of HBeAg may be of prognostic value for the development of a chronic carrier state with hepatitis B surface antigen and/or a chronic liver disease. PMID- 7365281 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Giardia lamblia trophozoites to metronidazole and tinidazole. AB - The number of motile Giardia lamblia trophozoites approximately doubled in axenic culture in 24 hr when 50% fresh medium was provided every 24 hr. In a microculture modification involving no change of medium, similar multiplication took place during the first 24 hr, and trophozoites remained motile for four days or longer. Metronidazole and tinidazole were active against G. lamblia in vitro, an observation suggesting that their effect in therapy of giardiasis is a direct one. The effect was rapid--high drug concentrations immobilized most trophozoites within 3.5 hr. There was an inverse relationship between duration of exposure and concentration of drug needed for significant immobilization: the effect of 0.1 microgram/ml was detectable after two to four days. Tinidazole was 4.4-fold as active as metronidazole; the minimal concentrations that immobilized 100% of trophozoites by 24 hr ranged from 0.2 to 12.5 microgram/ml and from 1.6 to 50 microgram/ml, respectively. PMID- 7365282 TI - A study of cephalothin and desacetylcephalothin in cerebrospinal fluid in therapy for experimental pneumococcal meningitis. AB - One explanation for the failure of cephalothin to cure patients with bacterial meningitis is that desacetylcephalothin, as in vivo metabolite that has less antibacterial activity than the parent drug, penetrates more efficiently into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); In experimental pneumococcal meningitis in rabbits, the peak levels of cephalothin and desacetylcephalothin in CSF after an intramuscular injection of 250 mg of cephalothin/kg were, respectively, 1.43 +/- 4.9 microgram/ml (2.8% of peak serum level) and 1.69 +/- 0.57 microgram/ml (2.2% of peak serum level). The observed half-life of desacetylcephalothin in CSF (3.32/hr) was longer (P less than 0.01) than that of cephalothin (0.72/hr). Choroid plexuses isolated from the lateral cerebral ventricles of rabbits with meningitis took up cephalothin in vitro more avidly than desacetylcephalothin (P less than 0.05), and metabolism of cephalothin to desacetylcephalothin by isolated choroid plexuses was demonstrated directly. Thus, intrathecal metabolism of cephalothin by the choroid plexus may contribute to the unsatisfactory performance of cephalothin in bacterial meningitis. PMID- 7365283 TI - Aspects of virulence in ferrets exhibited by influenza virus recombinants of known genetic constitution. PMID- 7365285 TI - Identification of the activator system for antibody to Toxoplasma as the classical complement pathway. AB - In view of the many recent advances in our understanding of the composition and function of the complement system, it was decided to apply this newer knowledge to an investigation of the heat-labile activator required for the action of antibody to Toxoplasma gondii in the neutralization and dye tests. With use of antibody-coated toxoplasma trophozoites in a diluent of 0.2% gelatin in 0.85% NaCl and alkaline methylene blue as indicator, various component-deficient sera were added to activate the antibody on the protozoan membranes. It was determined that the classical complement system is required for antibody activity and that the properdin system plays no role in the reaction. Human sera genetically deficient in C5, C6, C7, and C8 were shown to be inactive as activators of antibody to Toxoplasma. The addition of specific missing components immediately restored full activity to the deficient sera. PMID- 7365284 TI - Gene composition of high-yielding influenza vaccine strains obtained by recombination. AB - The genetic composition of 11 high-yielding recombinants of influenza virus was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the 32P-labeled RNAs obtained from the recombinants and their parental viruses. The high-yield recombinants that were selected for potential use as vaccine strains contained the surface hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens of the low-yielding parental viruses. The increased growth capacity of the recombinants is associated with the presence of genes derived from the high-yielding laboratory strain A/Puerto Rico/8/34. Although increased growth capacity in these recombinants could not be attributed to specific genes or gene combinations, all of the high-yielding recombinants examined derived the M gene from the A/Puerto Rico/8/34 parent. PMID- 7365286 TI - Commonality of a virulence factor among Yersinia species. PMID- 7365287 TI - Nosocomial management of resistant gram-negative bacilli. PMID- 7365289 TI - The rational use of albumin. PMID- 7365290 TI - President's privilege. PMID- 7365288 TI - Use of estrogen receptor data: recommendations for Iowa. PMID- 7365291 TI - V = LWH ( = LBD). PMID- 7365293 TI - Cancer in Iowa: 1973-1977. PMID- 7365292 TI - Use of halo vest to immobilize cervical spine. PMID- 7365294 TI - A worthy program. PMID- 7365295 TI - [Effect of the selective cardiac denervation including cardiac plexus on experimental coronary insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365296 TI - [A newly developed Sapporo IABP control system and experimental studies on optimal condition-especially "optimal deflation time" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365297 TI - [A operative case for atrial septal defect associated with peripheral pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365298 TI - [Regional ventilation and perfusion in the bronchogenic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365299 TI - [Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery with mitral regurgitation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365300 TI - [Pulmonary arterio-venous fistula due to blunt chest trauma. A successful surgical case report with massive hemoptysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365301 TI - [A successful surgical case of post infarction ventricular aneurysm with large thrombi complicated with refractory ventricular tachycardia and syncopal attack (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365302 TI - [Isolated working canine heart perfusion apparatus for evaluation of myocardial protection methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365303 TI - [Development of a new method for the evaluation of tricuspid insufficiency and an assessment of the late results of tricuspid annuloplasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365305 TI - [Experimental study on tracheal reconstruction utilizing allo and xenobioprosthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365304 TI - [Study on mechanism of ventricular fibrillation in deep hypothermia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365306 TI - [Relationships between preoperative duration of symptom and prognosis or immunological findings in myasthenia gravis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365307 TI - [Porcine xenograft valve: a clinical study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365309 TI - [Clinical experience in the effect of intraaortic balloon pumping on severe left ventricular power failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365308 TI - [Respiratory function after open heart surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365310 TI - Sampling New Orleans' drug addicts for tuberculosis. PMID- 7365311 TI - Tulane University, School of Medicine class of 1979: commencement address. PMID- 7365312 TI - Electrocardiogram of the Month. A sheep in wolf's clothing. Ashman's phenomenon. PMID- 7365313 TI - Pathophysiology of chronic renal tubular acidosis induced by administration of amiloride. AB - Amiloride is a "potassium-sparing" diuretic agent of moderate natriuretic potency with site of action in postmacula densa segments of the distal nephron. In isolated segments of mammalian cortical distal nephron, amiloride diminishes sodium reabsorption and transtubular electrical PD and inhibits potassium secretion. We investigated the effects of long-term administration of a demonstrably maximal dose of amiloride (1.0 mg/kg b.i.d.) on plasma and urine acid-base and electrolyte composition in fixed steroid-replaced ADX dogs. Amiloride administration resulted in potassium retention and hyperkalemia and reduced net acid excretion and caused chronic hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. The cumulative reduction in net acid excretion and severity of systemic acidosis were not significantly different in additional groups in which potassium retention was prevented by restriction of dietary potassium during amiloride administration or in which amiloride was administered to animals with pre existing dietary potassium depletion. The response of urine pH and ammonium excretion, however, differed among groups. In the steady state of chronic acidosis, urine pH and ammonium concentration were lowest in the hyperkalemic group and highest in the hypokalemic group, and among the three groups pH and ammonium were positively correlated (r = 0.67, p less than 0.001). Ammonium concentration varied inversely with plasma potassium concentration. Net acid excretion rates returned to control levels during the steady state of chronic amiloride-induced acidosis in the three groups. During continued amiloride administration, sustained correction of acidosis by long-term oral administration of sodium bicarbonate did not result in negative values of net acid excretion; that is, amiloride did not cause net wasting of base at normal plasma bicarbonate concentration. The results of these studies suggest that chronic amiloride administration results in a sustained impairment of renal hydrogen ion secretion restricted to the distal nephron and not dependent on alterations in potassium balance. Differences in potassium balance (positive or negative) appeared to influence only the availability of ammonia for diffusion into urine and steady state urine pH, but not the steady-state net rate of renal hydrogen ion secretion during amiloride. These studies identify an experimental model of chronic distal renal tubular acidosis in which external hydrogen ion balance is re-established during chronic acidosis even when the availability of ammonia for excretion is decreased. PMID- 7365314 TI - Attachment to collagen by isolated hepatocytes from rats with induced hepatic fibrosis. AB - The attachment to and synthesis of collagen by hepatocytes isolated from rats with and without hepatic fibrosis were studied. Attachment of normal hepatocytes was enhanced fourfold in the presence of serum, whereas attachment of hepatocytes from CCl4-treated rats with severely fibrotic livers was enhanced only twofold by serum. Fibronectin promoted hepatocyte attachment to collagen to the same degree as serum, whereas serum from which the fibronectin had been removed did not. Thus hepatocytes adhere to collagen via fibronectin, a known adhesion protein for fibroblasts. In the absence of serum or fibronectin, hepatocytes attached best to basement membrane collagen (type IV). This enhanced attachment was abolished by periodate oxidation of the collagen, an observation which suggested that carbohydrate residues are involved in hepatocyte attachment to this collagen. Collagen synthesis was determined after hepatocytes were cultured for 24 hr. No difference was found in the amount of collagen synthesized by cultures of hepatocytes derived from control rats and from rats with hepatic fibrosis. By immunofluorescence, the cell responsible for the synthesis of collagen appeared to have a fibroblastic morphology. PMID- 7365315 TI - Effects of propranolol on aldosterone plasma concentration and aldosterone metabolic clearance in hypertensive patients. AB - Although propranolol administration produces a lowering of PRA, PAC does not decrease in a similar fashion. In the present study the effects of propranolol on the aldosterone MCR were examined. Eight patients with essential hypertension were studied while receiving treatment with a diuretic and again after propranolol (160 to 320 mg/day) was added to the therapeutic regimen. Propranolol therapy was associated with a 25% decrease in PRA (p less than 0.05) and changes in PACs that were variable but not significantly different from diuretic therapy alone. The aldosterone MCR decreased from 1420 +/- 120 to 1120 +/- 90 L/24 hr in response to propranolol (p less than 0.01). The average production rate of aldosterone (MCR X PAC) did not change after propranolol treatment despite a decrease in PRA. There were no changes in plasma concentrations of potassium or in ACTH secretion (as reflected by levels of cortisol) to explain a role for propranolol to sustain aldosterone secretion. Thus propranolol administered to hypertensive patients pretreated with a diuretic can affect circulating levels of aldosterone apart from changes in PRA. Propranolol therapy produces a moderate reduction in aldosterone MCR and appears to augment aldosterone production by a mechanism exclusive of known stimuli. PMID- 7365316 TI - Interaction of thyroid hormone and hemoglobin. I. Nature of the interaction and effect of hemoglobin on thyroid hormone radioimmunoassay. AB - Gel filtration of human RBC lysate incubated with labeled T4 or T3 revealed co elution of a major iodothyronine-binding fraction (R-2) and hemoglobin. Solutions of purified human hemoglobin and T3 also showed co-elution of hormone and hemoglobin. Because hematin and protoporphyrin were shown to bind labeled T3, the oxygen-binding site on hemoglobin was excluded as the site of iodothyronine hemoglobin interaction. Analysis of hormone binding by heme and globin moieties showed T3 binding to be limited to the heme fraction. Addition of excess unlabeled T3 to hemoglobin or heme incubated with labeled T3 indicated 75% to 90% of hormone binding was poorly dissociable. These observations suggested that the presence of hemoglobin in RBC lysate or in serum could influence the measurement of T4 and T3 by specific RIA. Subsequent studies of the addition to serum of human hemoglobin revealed a significant reduction in T3 and T4 detectable by RIA in the presence of this protein. The effect was influenced by the concentration of hemoglobin and by duration and temperature of incubations of hemoglobin and serum prior to RIA. Incubated for 5 days at 4 degrees C, 14 sera containing 10 gm/dl hemoglobin showed a mean decrease in T3 concentration of 40% compared to sera incubated in the absence of hemoglobin (160.1 to 93.9 ng/dl, p less than 0.001); detectable serum T4 fell by 50% in 13 sera incubated under the same conditions (5.40 micrograms/dl without hemoglobin to 2.55 micrograms/dl in the presence of hemoglobin, p less than 0.001). Hemoglobin concentrations in serum as low as 0.1 and 0.5 gm/dl affected the RIAs significantly. Thus a major fraction of thyroid hormone binding in human RBC cytoplasm is accounted for by an interaction with hemoglobin. This interaction in serum or RBC lysates is a significant variable affecting iodothyronine determinations. PMID- 7365317 TI - Measurement of the carbamylation kinetics and antisickling mechanism in hemoglobin S blood. AB - The kinetics of HbS carbamylation in whole blood have been investigated under conditions anticipated in extracorporeal treatment systems. The reaction was well represented by a bimolecular, irreversible, second-order mechanism, and the overall carbamylation rate was enhanced by increasing the temperature and decreasing the pH and PO2. An expression was developed to predict the carbamylation rate for a range of experimental conditions. The relative amount of beta chain carbamylation was increased for those conditions under which the overall carbamylation rate was lowered, i.e., lower temperature, higher PO2, and higher pH. Morphological examination of cells with predominantly beta chain carbamylation showed that the antisickling effect, as measured by this technique, could be accounted for entirely by an increase in the oxygen affinity. Although this observation does not exclude an effect independent of change in the oxygen affinity of carbamylated hemoglobin, such an effect, if it occurs, is not detectable by this method. The results of this study were used to design a reaction vessel for an extracorporeal treatment system for sickle cell anemia patients. PMID- 7365318 TI - Iron tissue and excreta changes induced by ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2 hydroxyphenylacetic acid) in dogs. AB - The use of EDBPHA as a potential iron chelator in cases of hemochromatosis provided impetus for investigating its toxicology. Because a reddish coloration of excreta was observed during subchronic administration of the drug to dogs, measurements of iron concentrations in blood, excreta, and hematopoietic tissues were made. Groups of beagle dogs of both sexes were injected i.v. with EDBPHA doses of 6, 12, or 18 mg/kg or were given capsules containing doses of 30, 100, or 240 mg/kg for 14 days. Control dogs received either saline i.v. or empty gelatin capsules orally. In addition to the monitoring of toxicological effects, iron levels in plasma, urine, feces, liver, spleen, and kidney were monitored before drug, at the end of treatment, and after a 16-day recovery period. In the absence of hemoglobin and hematocrit changes, i.v. EDBPHA reduced renal iron 40% and hepatic iron 15% to 25% without altering splenic iron. Serum iron rose 34% to 54%, urinary iron 80% to 119%, and fecal iron 23% to 41%. Oral EDBPHA did not induce changes in tissue iron or excreta iron, but serum iron was increased 22% to 29%. These alterations in iron concentrations were transient and may be related to iron redistribution and inactivation of drug by liver. PMID- 7365319 TI - A clinical approach to the choice of antimicrobial therapy, case no. 16: fever and chills in a drug addict. PMID- 7365320 TI - Sepsis after splenectomy: current status of pneumococcal vaccine. PMID- 7365321 TI - Premature biopsy of a neck mass: otolaryngologic considerations. PMID- 7365322 TI - Computed tomography of the chest. PMID- 7365323 TI - Computed tomography of the pancreas. PMID- 7365324 TI - Prophylactic lidocaine in the early management of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7365325 TI - Timolol toxicity: ophthalmic medication complicating systemic disease. PMID- 7365326 TI - Diagnostic imperatives in internal medicine: the timely detection of treatable disease. Endocrinology. PMID- 7365327 TI - Is binocular visual space constantly curved? AB - This is a contribution to the theory of binocular vision due to Luneburg and Blank. We give a short introduction to the theory and consider the various assumptions that have been made. Then we discuss several methods in order to test Luneburg's basic assumption of constant curvature empirically. PMID- 7365328 TI - Integral equation models for endemic infectious diseases. AB - Endemic infectious diseases for which infection confers permanent immunity are described by a system of nonlinear Volterra integral equations of convolution type. These constant-parameter models include vital dynamics (birth and deaths), immunization and distributed infectious period. The models are shown to be well posed, the threshold criteria are determined and the asymptotic behavior is analysed. It is concluded that distributed delays do not change the thresholds and the asymptotic behaviors of the models. PMID- 7365329 TI - Spatial distribution of dispersing animals. AB - A mathematical model for the dispersal of an animal population is presented for a system in which animals are initially released in the central region of a uniform field and migrate randomly, exerting mutually repulsive influences (population pressure) until they eventually become sedentary. The effect of the population pressure, which acts to enhance the dispersal of animals as their density becomes high, is modeled in terms of a nonlinear-diffusion equation. From this model, the density distribution of animals is obtained as a function of time and the initial number of released animals. The analysis of this function shows that the population ultimately reaches a nonzero stationary distribution which is confined to a finite region if both the sedentary effect and the population pressure are present. Our results are in good agreement with the experimental data on ant lions reported by Morisita, and we can also interpret some general features known for the spatial distribution of dispersing insects. PMID- 7365330 TI - The strong-migration limit in geographically structured populations. AB - Some strong-migration limits are established for geographically structured populations. A diploid monoecious population is subdivided into a finite number of colonies, which exchange migrants. The migration pattern is fixed and ergodic, but otherwise arbitrary. Generations are discrete and nonoverlapping; the analysis is restricted to a single locus. In all the limiting results, an effective population number Ne (less than or equal to NT) appears instead of the actual total population number NT. 1. If there is no selection, every allele mutates at rate u to types not preexisting in the population, and the (finite) subpopulation numbers Ni are very large, then the ultimate rate and pattern of convergence of the probabilities of allelic identity are approximately the same as for panmixia. If, in addition, the Ni are proportional to 1/u, as NT leads to infinity, the equilibrium probabilities of identity converge to the panmictic value. 2. With a finite number of alleles, any mutation pattern, an arbitrary selection scheme for each colony, and the mutation rates and selection of coefficients proportional to 1/NT, let Pj be the frequency of the allele Aj in the entire population, averaged with respect to the stationary distribution of the backward migration matrix M. As NT leads to infinity, the deviations of the allelic frequencies in each of the subpopulations from Pj converge to zero; the usual panmictic mutation-selection diffusion is obtained for Pj, with the selection intensities averaged with respect to the stationary distribution of M. In both models, Ne = NT and all effects of population subdivision disappear in the limit if, and only if, migration does not alter the subpopulation numbers. PMID- 7365331 TI - A criterion for the establishment of a stable polymorphism of higher order with an application to the evolution of polymorphism. AB - This note gives some further useful properties of the constant fitness selection model for multiple alleles which pertain to the effects of adding a new allele to n preexisting alleles in stable equilibrium. In particular the conditions are derived for the establishment of a stable equilibrium involving all n + 1 alleles. For 3 alleles (i.e. n = 2) I give a complete qualitative solution, including the case of the replacement of one diallelic polymorphism by another. As an application I discuss a possible mechanism for the evolution of polymorphism using Monte Carlo methods similar to Lewontin, Ginzburg and Tuljapurkar (1978). PMID- 7365332 TI - Biased random walk models for chemotaxis and related diffusion approximations. AB - Stochastic models of biased random walk are discussed, which describe the behavior of chemosensitive cells like bacteria or leukocytes in the gradient of a chemotactic factor. In particular the turning frequency and turn angle distribution are derived from certain biological hypotheses on the background of related experimental observations. Under suitable assumptions it is shown that solutions of the underlying differential-integral equation approximately satisfy the well-known Patlak-Keller-Segel diffusion equation, whose coefficients can be expressed in terms of the microscopic parameters. By an appropriate energy functional a precise error estimation of the diffusion approximation is given within the framework of singular perturbation theory. PMID- 7365333 TI - The number of stable equilibria for the classical one-locus multiallele selection model. PMID- 7365334 TI - North Alabama Perinatal Center. PMID- 7365335 TI - Statement from MASA's Committee on Maternal Mortality. PMID- 7365336 TI - Impure reason--a response. PMID- 7365337 TI - Serous otitis media. PMID- 7365338 TI - A critique of impure reason or: do they really think like that in medical schools? PMID- 7365339 TI - Extra adrenal pheochromocytoma: a case report. PMID- 7365340 TI - Carcinoma of the duodenojejunal junction: a diagnostic problem. PMID- 7365341 TI - The ovarian inguinal hernia. PMID- 7365343 TI - Discharge from the nipple. PMID- 7365342 TI - The significance of lumbar puncture in children with first febrile convulsion. PMID- 7365344 TI - Return of ovulation after the cessation of depot-medroxy progesterone acetate treatment in Thai women. PMID- 7365345 TI - Pulmonary resection with simultaneous thoracoplasty. PMID- 7365346 TI - Radiation therapy in the management of bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7365347 TI - Prediction of respiratory distress syndrome by shake test on newborn gastric aspirate. PMID- 7365348 TI - Polyria during intravenous gentamicin injection. PMID- 7365349 TI - Urethroplasty for traumatic stricture membranous urethra in children: report of a case. PMID- 7365350 TI - Re-entry near the site of the ventricular parasystolic focus: an ECG study of patients with artificial ventricular pacemakers. AB - Morphology of ventricular ectopic complexes was examined in 1,746 ECGs of 149 patients with permanent ventricular pacemakers. In 20 of 80 patients (25%) the morphology of ventricular ectopic complexes was similar to that of the paced complex. This resulted in a ventricular couplet where the spontaneous premature complex originated at the site of pacing, possibly due to local re-entry. Repeated re-entry (two ventricular ectopic complexes in a row) occurred only in one of these patients, and none had ventricular tachycardia. These observations 1) verify the existence of a mechanism which we have postulated in explaining the association between couplets and ventricular parasystole, and 2) confirm the rare occurrence of repeated reentry in such a setting. Other observations in this studyshow that premature stimulation during right ventricular pacing may alter morphology of the ventricular complex from a left to right bundle branch block pattern in some leads. PMID- 7365351 TI - The effect of modified limb electrode positions on electrocardiographic wave amplitudes. AB - Mofidied limb electrode positions are often used in studies which require the recording of rest and exercise ECGs, whereby the arm electrodes are placed at the infraclavicular fossae and the left lef electrode on the left lower abdomen. The effect of the modified limb electrode positions on electrocardiographic waveforms was investigated in 68 supine adult male subjects at rest. The modification produced profound amplitude and waveform changes in the frontal plane ECG leads. The QRS axis shifted on the average by 16 degrees towards a more vertical position with considerable individual variation. Concomitant with the QRS axis shift, the R wave amplitude decreased in leads I and a VL and increased in leads II, III, and aVF. The S wave amplitude increased in leads III and aVF and decreased in lead III. The P and T wave amplitude changes were in a direction similar to those observed for the R waves: a reduction of the amplitude in aVL and an increase in II, III and aFV. Of importance to exercise ECG interpretation are the ST segment waveform changes: The ST slope decreased in aVL and increased in leads II, III and aVF. Waveform changes in the chest leads caused by the modification were less important although statistically significant. These systematic changes in recorded ECG waveforms arise from changes directions and strength of the lead vectors of the six frontal plane leads. Large inter individual variations in the magnitude of the changes produced by modification of the limb electrode positions prevent effective systematic correction of the distortions by means of a universal lead transformation. PMID- 7365352 TI - Pseudo-infarct patterns in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: importance of Q wave-T wave vector discordance. AB - Inferior lead pseudo-infarct Q waves are a common finding in the Wolff-Parkinson White (WPW) syndrome. In a retrospective study of previously published cases of WPW, pseudo-infarct Q waves in the inferior leads were associated with positive or isoelectric T waves in 47 of 50 examples (94%). This characteristic Q wave-T wave vector discordance results from secondary repolarization changes due to altered ventricular activation. As a corollary, the presence of T wave inversion with inferior lead Q waves and a short PR interval is strongly suggestive, but not pathognomonic of inferior ischemia. PMID- 7365353 TI - Response of atrial fibrillation to therapy: role of etiology and left atrial diameter. AB - Left atrial diameter was measured by echocardiography in 107 patients in atrial fibrillation. The etiology of atrial fibrillation was rheumatic heart disease with predominant mitral valve involvement (RHD) in 51 patients and idiopathic atrial fibrillation (IAF) in 56. The left atrial diameter was correlated to the patient's response to therapy. The mean left atrial diameter was 3.4 cm in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, 3.8 cm in those requiring direct current (DC) cardioversion, and 4.4 cm in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. However, in each of these therapeutic response groups, the left atrial diameter was signficantly smaller in patients with idiopathic atrial fibrillation. In the group with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, the mean left atrial diameter was 4.3 +/- .7 cm in patients with RHD, compared to 3.1 +/- .6 cm in those with IAF (p less than .001). In the group requiring DC cardioversion, the left atrial diameter was 4.7 +/- .8 cm in patients with RHD compared to 3.6 +/- .5 cm in those with IAF (p less than .01). In patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, the left atrial diameter was 5.2 +/- .9 cm in patients with RHD and 4.0 +/- 1.0 cm in IAF (p less than .001). Left atrial diameter as well as the etiology of the heart disease are important in determining the response of atrial fibrillation to therapy. PMID- 7365354 TI - Electrocardiographic poor R wave progression III. The normal variant. AB - Electrocardiographic poor R wave progression (PRWR) is found in patients with anterior myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy and right ventricular hypertrophy, and is also seen in apparently normal individuals. Technical and constitutional factors that might contribute to PRWP in normal subjects were examined. Prospective analysis of the effect of precordial lead misplacement and respiratory variation on the surface ECG was performed in 68 hospitalized patients. Both false positive and false negative PRWP were created with superior and inferior lead position change respectively. The incidence and mechansim of true PRWP were analyzed by retrospective analysis of ECGs and records of 100 individuals with normal findings, and 50 additional individuals with mitral valve prolapse, at cardiac catheterization with coronary angiography. PRWP occurred in 8% (8/100) of normals and was not related to age, sex, height, weight, body surface area, ponderal index, thoracic skeletal abnormalities, ECG frontal axis, serum cholesterol, arterial blood pressure or mitral valve prolapse. In view of the voltage changes produced by alteration of lead placement, one tail of a normal distribution of null planes may account for PRWP in subjects without disease. PMID- 7365355 TI - Effects of left anterior fascicular block on the depolarization process as depicted by total body surface mapping. AB - To examine the effects of left anterio fascicular block (LAFB) on the depolarization process as manifested on the body surface, 142 lead maps were recorded in 25 subjects with LAFB. Three abnormalities were detected: (1) In the early and mid portion of QRS, twenty of 25 subjects showed abnormal anterior superior positivity, starting in the precordial area and proceeding toward the left subclavicular area. The explanation was thought to be the relatively delayed, dysynchronous, and superiorly directed altered sequence of depolarization of the anterior left ventricle. (2) All the subjects showed left lower abnormal negativity. This was thought to represent the unopposed receding activation front after the left ventricular breakthrough posteroinferiorly and also the negative aspect of the abnormally directed superior positivity. (3) Eleven subjects showed abnormal negative potentials at the right lower chest. This was thought to represent the partially unopposed activation fronts of the right ventricular free wall seen after right ventricular epicardial breakthrough, because of the absence of the usually cancelling normal forces from the anterior portion of the left ventricle. Additionally, the surface manifestation of the septal depolarization was found to be indistinguishable from nornal. This study further enhances our understanding of the altered sequence of depolarization in LAFB, as manifested on the body surface instant-by-instant. PMID- 7365356 TI - Ventricular tachyarrhythmias in regional myocardial hyperkalemia: efficacy of three antiarrhythmic agents. AB - Potassium chloride infusion into the left anterior descending coronary artery induces a sequence of events analogous to those occurring during acute transmural ischemia. These include ST elevation, intramural conduction delay, ventricular techyarrhythmias and fibrillation. The influence of antiarrhythmic agents in an intact anesthetized canine model have not previously been tested. We have evaluated the efficacy of lidocaine, procaine amide and practolol in animals during regional hyperkalemia. In the untreated, only 9% survided a 20 minute observation period. All three treatment groups exhibited a reduced incidence of tachycardia and 74% survived the test period. In each treatment group this was associated with a further prolongation of intramural conduction time in the affected wall. This antiarrhythmic efficacy, thought possibly to be due to transformation of unidirectional to bidirectional block, supports the view that modulation of transcellular potassium activity contributes to the control of ischemic arrhythmias. PMID- 7365357 TI - Diagnostic accuracy of the conventional 12-lead and the orthogonal Frank-lead electrocardiograms in detection of myocardial infarctions with classifiers using continuous and Bernoulli features. AB - The performance of ECG classifiers using Bernoulli variables was evaluated in comparison with the same classifiers using an identical set of ECG features measured in continuum. A Bernoulli variable is permitted to take only two states depending on whether its value is below or above a given threshold. A new method was used for discretization threshold optimization. The branch-and-bound algorithm, the sequential forward selection and backward rejection procedures were used for selecting the best subsets of Bernoulli and continuous features out of the primary set of features measured from the conventional 12-lead and the orthogonal Frank-lead ECG. A linear discriminant function was used to estimate the classification accuracy of Bernoulli and continuous features in a test library composed of ECGs of 237 Subjects with old myocardial infarcts and 299 subjects without infarction. The results indicate that while Bernoulli variables perform as well as or better than continuous variables over a wide range of sensitivity and specificity, continuous features appear to yield a higher diagnostic accuracy when a high level of specificity is required. In comparison with the diagnostic accuracy of the Minnesota Code's criteria for myocardial infarction, decision-theoretic classifiers using continuous features yielded an overall improvement in sensitivity from 14 to 20% at a fixed level of specificity. The information content of the conventional 12-lead ECG appeared as good as or better than that of the orthogonal Frank-lead ECG regarding differential diagnosis between myocardial infarction and non-infarction groups when identical statistical procedures were used for the design of the classifiers. PMID- 7365358 TI - Value of premature ventricular contraction morphology in the detection of myocardial infarction. AB - A ventricular premature contraction (VCP) with a QR pattern has been associated with antecedent myocardial infarction. In order to determine the validity of this sign, we compared the presence of localized abnormal wall motion during left ventricular angiography with the morphology of VPC's induced in each patient by catheter stimulation of the left ventricular endocardium. The morphology of V1 was compared with anterior wall infarction, and of AVF with inferior wall infarction, and the specificity, sensitivity and predictive value of the QR VPC evaluated. A QR pattern VPC in V1 with a Q greater than or equal to 0.04 sec and a Q/R ratio = 0.20 had a specificity of 0.93, a sensitivity of 0.24 and a predictive value of 0.72 in the detection of anterior myocardial infarction. The detection rate was considerably increased with a Q/R ratio of greater than or equal to 0.1 and specificity remained high at 0.87. Detection of inferior infarction by use of AVF was less certain, and is probably of limited value. PMID- 7365359 TI - Q-wave abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and myocardial infarction. AB - ECGs taken from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently mimic myocardial infarction (MI), and may, therefore, cause diagnostic difficulties for the physician. In many previous studies, criteria to differentiate electrocardiographically between COPD and MI were either untested in large numbers of cases or too complicated for routine use. This study was undertaken to find simple new criteria, using scalar measurements which are easily obtainable in clinical practice. To assure the stability and repeatability of our results, the accuracy of these criteria was tested in a large series of cases. Three-hundred and ninety-six (396) cases of COPD and eight-hundred and seventy-eight (878) cases of MI comprised the material for this study. The COPD cases were grouped into two: a training set of 266 cases and a test set of 130 cases. There were three MI subgroups: AMI-344 cases, PDMI-449 cases, and LMI-85 cases. By applying the proposed ECG criteria specifically on the "COPD--MI mimics," we were able to reduce the number of potentially mis-diagnosed COPD cases (based purely on Q-wave abnormality) from 158 cases (40% of all COPD cases) to 71 cases (18%). PMID- 7365360 TI - Critical evaluation of the twin peaked P wave ("pseudo-P mitrale") in orthogonal electrocardiograms. AB - The present study was performed to evaluate the specificity of twin peaked P wave (TWPP) for left atrial overload (LOA) in orthogonal ECGs. A total of 2093 ECGs recorded with Frank's corrected orthogonal leads were used for analysis. It can be concluded from the present study that (1) TWPP is diagnostically non-specific and its mere existence cannot imply the existence of LAO, and (2) a time interval between the beginning of the P wave and the second peak in lead Y of more than 76 msec, is the most useful parameter available for identifying LAO, especially mitral value disease. PMID- 7365361 TI - Triple AV nodal pathways in man? AB - A 41 year old woman underwent electrophysiological studies for the evaluation of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. AV nodal conduction time and refractory period plots (atrial extra-stimulus technique) suggested the presence of triple AV nodal pathways. PMID- 7365363 TI - Rational arrangement of limb leads. PMID- 7365362 TI - Permanent overdrive pacing for the suppression of recurrent ventricular tachycardia in a newborn with long QT syndrome. AB - A newborn with long QT interval and repetitive ventricular tachycardia of the "torsade de pointes" type was seen at the age of one day. The arrhythmia was resistant to lidocaine, propranolol and atropine, but was controlled by isoproterenol infusion. A transvenous pacemaker, inserted at three days of age, suppressed the ventricular tachycardia at stimulation rates above 100/minute. At 19 days of age a permanent pacemaker at pulse rate of 119 beats/minute was implanted. At one year of age the infant was thriving and was completely free of ventricular arrhythmia. PMID- 7365364 TI - Checking of hypophysectomy in the rat using longitudinal bone growth determined with tetracycline. AB - The longitudinal bone growth in 1922 consecutively hypophysectomized and surviving rats was determined with oxytetracycline. The longitudinal bone growth of proximal tibia during the first 15 postoperative days and the width of the fluorescent tetracycline band at 15 days after the operation were found to correlate well with the microscopical examination of serial sections of sella turcica. These growth parameters, when considered together, can be used as a means of screening whether hypophysectomy is complete. As a result microscopical examination of serial sections of the sella turcica to ascertain the completeness of the operation can be reduced to about the 10% of the animals where there remains some doubt. PMID- 7365365 TI - Quantitative relationships between oestradiol-17beta in the milk and blood of lactating buffaloes. AB - The concentration of oestradiol-17beta was measured by radioimmunoassay in the milk and blood of lactating buffaloes after insemination. The concentration of oestradiol-17beta in milk was observed to be two to three times higher when compared with that in plasma samples. Major peaks of oestradiol-17beta in milk coincided with similar but smaller peaks occurring in plasma samples. In animals which were not pregnant, the major peak of oestradiol-17beta was recorded on the day of oestrus. PMID- 7365366 TI - Cloacal gland of the Japanese quail: androgen dependence and metabolism of testosterone. AB - A cloacal gland complex whose growth and development is androgen-dependent exists in the Japanese quail. In-vitro incubation studies of the cloacal gland using 4 14C-labelled testosterone as substrate allowed the positive identification of five metabolites: androstenedione, 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone (5 beta-DHT), 5 beta-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, 5 alpha-DHT and 5 alpha -androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol. More polar metabolites, not yet chemically identified, were detected in trace amounts. Androstenedione appeared to be the main testosterone metabolite in immature birds while in mature birds on long daylengths testosterone was preferentially metabolized to 5 alpha-DHT. This change may have been in response to the higher levels of plasma steroids found in mature birds. When various testosterone metabolites, contained in silicone elastomer capsules, were implanted s.c. into castrated birds maintained on a photostimulatory light regime, 5 alpha-DHT, 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione, androstenedione and 5 alpha androstan-3 alpha-ol-17-one were shown to be equipotent with testosterone in stimulating the development of the cloacal gland. 5 alpha-Androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstan-3 beta-ol-17-one stimulated some growth while 5 beta-DHT, 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, 5 beta-androstane-3,17-dione, androst-5-en-3 beta-ol-17-one and androst-5-ene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol were completely ineffective. PMID- 7365367 TI - Effect of luteinizing hormone on progesterone secretion in vitro by the granulosa cells of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). AB - During short periods of incubation (3 h) the secretion of progesterone by granulosa cells from the largest preovulatory follicle of the fowl was higher (160 pmol/micrograms DNA) with ovine LH in the medium than without it (60 pmol/micrograms DNA). Granulosa cells from follicles collected 24 and 48 h before their expected ovulation secreted progesterone at similar rates to cells from the largest follicle which was likely to ovulate within 5 h. The identity of progesterone was confirmed by physicochemical methods. After granulosa cells had been incubated with LH in Medium 199 for 24 h, the concentration of progesterone in the medium was 1.65 mumol/l whereas oestrone and oestradiol were present at concentrations of 254 and 199 pmol/l respectively. The results indicate that the larger yellow yolk-filled follicles of the ovarian hierarchy in the domestic fowl contribute to the preovulatory surge of progesterone which has been observed in the peripheral blood. PMID- 7365368 TI - Adenylate cyclase activity in the uterine cervix of neonatal and immature mice: influence of oestradiol-17 beta. AB - The influence of long-term oestradiol stimulation on adenylate cyclase activity was investigated in homogenates from uterine cervices of neonatal (3-day-old) and immature (14-day-old) NMRI mice. A significant increase of enzyme activity, measured in the presence of fluoride ions (NaF), after oestradiol treatment was found in preparations from neonatal but not from those of immature female mice; this was irrespective of whether the enzyme activity was related to wet weight, amount of protein or DNA content. The enzyme activity was stimulated in vitro by NaF and 5-guanylylimidodiphosphate while isoprenalin, histamine, prolactin and oestradiol had no effect. These results indicated an age-related difference in the effects of oestradiol in the uterine cervix of the mouse. PMID- 7365369 TI - Oestrogen receptor in the baboon endometrium: cytosolic receptor, detection, characterization and variation of its concentration during the menstrual cycle. AB - A cytosolic oestrogen receptor from baboon endometria was detected and partially characterized. The apparent dissociation constant for oestradiol was 1.5 x 10( 10)--4 x 10(-10) mol/l. Steroids that competed with the [3H]oestradiol binding to the receptor were oestradiol and ethynyloestradiol greater than oestriol greater than oestrone; progesterone, testosterone and corticosterone were not competitors. The [3H]oestradiol-receptor complexes migrated as a 3-3.5S peak during sucrose density-gradient centrifugation when endometrial samples were taken during either the proliferative or the secretory phase. A 7S peak was observed for samples taken at the period of ovulation. A [3H]oestradiol exchange technique was used to detect changes in the receptor concentration during the menstrual cycle. This concentration which was high during the early follicular phase fell sharply before the ovulatory peak of ovarian oestrogens. It remained at a base level during the early secretory phase and then rose during the last days of the cycle to the same concentration as that measured at the beginning of the cycle. PMID- 7365372 TI - Effect of ovine luteinizing hormone and prolactin on progesterone secretion by goat granulose cells in culture. AB - Effects of LH and prolactin on cultures of granulosa cells from the goat were analysed in terms of the secretion of progesterone. The cultures were maintained for 120 h during which time they were treated at 24 and 72 h after explantation with LH and prolactin. Progesterone secreted in the culture medium was determined by radioimmunoassay. The secretion of progesterone by the cultures in response to LH and prolactin was significantly increased (P less than 0.01) compared with that by control cultures. The pattern of steroid secretion in the two cases (LH treated and prolactin-treated cultures) was, however, different. The secretion dropped appreciably when the concentration of hormones was increased to 100 mu./ml. PMID- 7365375 TI - Biologic and morphologic characteristics of urinary bladder neoplasms induced in BALB/c female mice with 2-acetylaminofluorene. AB - 2-Acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) induced transitional cell carcinomas, transitional cell carcinomas with squamous metaplasia, squamous cell carcinomas and undifferentiated carcinomas in the urinary bladders of BALB/c female mice. The transitional cell carcinoma was the most common, but was less aggressive and infiltrative than the other three types. The carcinomas were most likely to occur in the vertex of the bladder. A positive correlation existed between dose and length of administration of 2-AAF and the incidence, type, depth of invasion, and the location of the bladder carcinoma. PMID- 7365373 TI - Innovations in cancer risk assessment (Ed study). Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the American College of Toxicology. PMID- 7365374 TI - The ED01 study: introduction, objectives, and experimental design. PMID- 7365370 TI - Nuclear receptor for oestrogen in the baboon endometrium: detection, characterization and variation in its concentration during the menstrual cycle. AB - The present paper describes studies conducted to detect and characterize the nuclear receptor for oestrogen in the baboon endometrium. Only 10% of the [3H]oestradiol nuclear receptor complexes were extracted with a 0.5 M-KCl solution. This solubilized receptor migrated as a 4.4S peak during 5-20% sucrose gradient centrifugation. The oestrogen receptor was not bound to oestrogen in the nuclei under normal physiological conditions. Using an unlabelled competitor addition technique with intact nuclei the variation in oestrogen-receptor concentration of baboon endometrium during the menstrual cycle was measured. This concentration increased slightly during the first week of the cycle, being maximal on day 7 before ovulation (2500 molecules/cell), then decreasing gradually, reaching the lowest level (300 molecules/cell) on day 5 after ovulation, where it remained until the end of the cycle. PMID- 7365371 TI - The proliferative action of oestriol. AB - Daily injections of oestriol, spanning a wide dose range, produced mitotic responses in the uterine luminal epithelium of mice. At the higher doses the response was comparable to that obtained with oestradiol. The maximum response occurred on day 1, after which mitosis was significantly reduced on days 2 and 3. This reduction in mitosis following an initial peak was seen at all doses and was not therefore consequent on a critical cell number being reached. Proliferation was also induced in the basal epithelium of the vagina, though to a lesser extent. Oestriol and progesterone together stimulated DNA synthesis and mitosis in the epithelium of the mammary gland. PMID- 7365376 TI - Biologic and morphologic characteristics of hepatocellular lesions in BALB/c female mice fed 2-acetylaminofluorene. AB - 2-Acetylsaminofluorene (2-AAF) induced foci of hepatocellular alterations, hepatocellular adenomas, and hepatocellular carcinomas in BALB/c female mice. The incidence of basophilic cell foci decreased with high dose levels of 2-AAF, and the incidence of hepatocellular adenomas decreased with both high dose levels and length of administration of 2-AAF. The results suggest that the hepatocellular foci of cellular alteration may give rise to the hepatocellular adenomas which in turn may give rise to hepatocellular carcinomas. The study also suggests that both hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas may develop de novo. Hepatocellular carcinomas rarely metastasized before 18 months, and the less differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas were more likely to metastasize. 2-AAF did not alter the incidence of spontaneous hemangiosarcomas. PMID- 7365377 TI - Spontaneous lesions in control BALB/C female mice. AB - The most frequently observed neoplasm in 2376 nontreated control female BALB/cSTCrlfC3H/Nctr mice examined at intervals up to 1001 days was reticulum cell sarcoma. It was also the primary cause of morbidity and death. Other frequently observed neoplasms were uterine polyps, alveolar cell neoplasms, Harderian gland neoplasms and lymphomas. Neoplasms, which had a low incidence, generally occurred in the older animals. PMID- 7365379 TI - Effects of dose and time in a long-term, low-dose carcinogenic study. AB - Large numbers of female BALB/c StCrlfC3Hf/Nctr mice were exposed for up to 33 months to low doses of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) under controlled conditions. The study design consisted of sacrifice intervals, life span, and discontinued dosing groups. Two separate and distinct endpoints, that is urinary bladder neoplasms and liver neoplasms, resulted in 2 different types of dose response relationships. Although bladder neoplasms exhibited a minimum effect level (or a nonlinear response) for specific conditions, the total results were consistent with a "no threshold concept." The late appearing liver neoplasms displayed a nearly linear type response that extrapolated directly to zero dose. Time of exposure was shown to be an important factor in that, as animals were sacrificed at 18, 24, and 33 months, a positive response was noted at the next lower dose as time was extended. Discontinuing dosing and sacrificing at 18 and 24 months also demonstrated the effects of exposure to the carcinogen 2-AAF. Induction of bladder neoplasms was shown to occur early in the study, but was dependent upon the continuous presence of 2-AAF. The liver neoplasms appeared very late in the study but were shown to be induced at a very early point in the exposures and did not require the continuous presence of the carcinogen in order to develop. A standard 18 month bioassay study, if conducted under the same conditions, would have classified this chemical as a weak acting carcinogen. These studies demonstrate the importance of the time factor in safety evaluation or risk assessment in carcinogenesis. PMID- 7365378 TI - Pathology data quality assurance and data retrieval at the National Center for Toxicological Research. AB - Automated experimental and pathology data collection and reporting systems are utilized at the National Center for Toxicological Research to increase the efficiency of the variety of research studies being performed. In order for the ED01 study to be conducted in an effective manner, usage of these automated systems was considered advantageous due to the study size, approximately 24,000 mice. The large volume of pathology and other experiment data generated in the study required detailed quality assurance and data retrieval, and the use of automated systems allowed this to be performed much more easily than with manual methods. This paper addresses the methods employed to ensure quality and to provide the data retrieval capabilities necessary for conducting and analyzing the ED01 study. PMID- 7365380 TI - The ED01 study: summary and conclusions. PMID- 7365381 TI - Breeding, allocation and maintenance of mice for a large, long-term carcinogenic study (ED01 study). AB - The breeding, allocation and maintenance data on BALB/c female mice in a 24, 192 mouse chronic carcinogen feeding study are discussed. In establishing the breeding colony, standard derivation techniques were used to develop a barrier maintained production capability. Genetic histories and other breeding colony records were maintained with the assistance of a computer-supported Breeding Information System. A computer-supported allocation system provided the link between the breeding and experimental portion of the study. Once allocated to the experiment, the mice were weighed and observed weekly; feed consumption data was also collected. All animal and cage information was entered directly into the computer data base via special terminals and electronic balance units. From this experiment's data base, daily and weekly reports were generated which provided valuable information for the operational and scientific management of the experiment. PMID- 7365382 TI - Chemical surveillance and quality assurance for preparation of dosed (2-AAF) animal feed (ED01 study). AB - Protocol development of the ED01 experiment included assurances that only minimal levels of contaminants were present and correct concentrations of 2-AAF were present in animal feed. Laboratory and administrative controls were developed to assure proper feed packaging and delivery, and to conduct a personnel surveillance as well as a chemical surveillance of work environs to ensure safe work areas. Animal feed and ancillary animal supplies were monitored prior to use to provide assurances that acceptable levels of nutrients were present and to prohibit the entrance of unacceptable levels of contaminants such as pesticides and heavy metals. PMID- 7365383 TI - Data systems support for a large, long-term carcinogenic (ED01) study. AB - Data Systems Support for the 24,192 mouse toxicological ED01 study at the National Center for Toxicological Research required technology heretofore not available in the field of Toxicology. The large volume of data expected from this study, multiple studies being conducted simultaneously, and accurate and timely information in a usable timeframe, were problems solved by the data systems personnel. NCTR's Integrated Research Support System was initiated for this study. PMID- 7365384 TI - Automated and computer-assisted pathology support for a large chronic study. AB - Pathology support for the 24,192 mouse toxicological ED01 study at the National Center for Toxicological Research was provided by the University of Arkansas Pathology Services Project through a contract between NCTR and the University of Arkansas. To aid in the collection, storage, retrieval, and analysis of this large amount of data an automated computer-assisted pathology system was developed. Use of this system has resulted in accurate data, the ability to handle large amounts of data, and low-cost analysis of the data. PMID- 7365385 TI - Effects of continuous and discontinued exposure to 2-AAF on urinary bladder hyperplasia and neoplasia. AB - The effect of discontinued feeding of 2-acetylaminofluorine (2-AAF) was compared with the effect of continuous 2-AAF feeding on the urinary bladder of BALB/c female mice. Dietary concentrations of 2-AAF examined in this regard were 60, 75, 100, and 150 ppm. These diets were fed for 9, 12, or 15 months and then replaced with control feed, and the animals were killed at 18 or 24 months. Observations on these animals were contrasted with observations made at the same intervals on animals continuously fed these concentrations of 2-AAF throughout the study. Discontinuing 2-AAF exposure decreased prevalence of bladder tumors below that found in continuously exposed mice and resulted in a decrease in severity and prevalence of hyperplasia. Mild hyperplasia was retained in a portion of each population and the prevalence of this hyperplasia was dependent on both the period of exposure and the dose of 2-AAF. Mild persistent hyperplasia was correlated closely with neoplasia and may be a necessary stage in neoplastic development. Moderate or severe hyperplasia apparently regress when 2-AAF feeding is discontinued and do not appear to be essential steps in the neoplastic process. PMID- 7365386 TI - Dose and time responses models for the incidence of bladder and liver neoplasms in mice fed 2-acetylaminofluorene continuously. AB - The incidence of bladder and liver neoplasms developed in mice continuously fed 2 acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in a multidisciplined study conducted at the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) is represented using a probit model. The estimated incidences are made from time intervals using both sacrificed and dead and moribund mice. A probit log dose model is fit for each type of neoplasm at each time interval where the incidence permits. A probit log time model is fit for each of the neoplastic types for each dose level where the incidence permits. Finally, the response of liver neoplasms to 2-AAF is represented in the dose time plane using a probit plane model. 2-AAF appears to be an early acting bladder carcinogen and a late acting liver carcinogen. The bladders seem to be much more uniform in their response to the carcinogen than the livers and the uniformity of neither response appears to be age dependent. Although the time to appearence of both liver and bladder neoplasms is dose related, the increment in incidence of liver neoplasms with respect to time is not dose related while that of the bladder neoplasms is dose related. The data for bladder neoplasms do not contradict the "no threshold" theory of carcinogenesis while the liver data strongly support it. PMID- 7365387 TI - Analysis of life-shortening effects in female BALB/C mice fed 2 acetylaminofluorene. AB - A total of 4320 female BALB/cStCrlfC3H/Nctr mice were continuously fed 2 acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in the diet at various concentrations in order to obtain a quantitative assessment of dose-related life-shortening effects. Statistical procedures which adjust for extraneous deaths were used to analyze the survival data. In addition to the demonstration of a reduced survival time associated with bladder and liver tumors induced by 2-AAF, a further toxic effect was observed at 150 ppm. Since the experiment was replicated six times, variability in the survival times of animals in different replicates was studied. Although all replicates were conducted under specific pathogen free / defined flora (SPF/DF) conditions, a significant change in survival time was demonstrated across replicates. PMID- 7365389 TI - Logistics of conducting a chronic study with 24,192 mice. AB - Some of the logistical problems of conducting the ED01 study at the National Center for Toxicological Research are discussed, including problems in site preparation, animal production, support during the execution of the study, pathology support, and data analysis. In order to manage the vast amount of data that would be generated by a 24,192 mouse study, computer-assisted data collection systems and automated data storage and retrieval systems were developed. These systems, along with other procedures at NCTR, made the execution of a study of this magnitude possible and allowed timely experiment management. Preliminary data analysis during the course of the study resulted in a decision to extend the duration of one segment of the study. PMID- 7365388 TI - Estimation of distributions of time to appearance of tumor and time to death from tumor after appearance in mice fed 2-acetylaminofluorene. AB - A recently-developed statistical technique is employed to estimate parameters of the distributions of time to appearance of tumors and time to death from tumors after their appearance using both interval sacrifice and survival information. Estimates are obtained for three types of tumors at each of eight dose levels of 2-AAF, namely, 0, 30, 35, 60, 75, 100 and 150 ppm, which were administered to a total of 20880 female BALB/cStCrlfC3Hf/Nctr mice. For bladder neoplasms, the estimated median times to tumor ranged from 19.8 months at 150ppm to 1876.6 months at 0 ppm, while for liver neoplasms the extremes were 25.2 months at 150 ppm and 37.7 months at 0 ppm. Reticulum cell sarcomas occurred on the average at 24.7 months in all dose groups except 150 ppm, where the average time to appearance was 22.9 months. Although a pronounced dose-response for time-to-tumor was expressed for both bladder and liver neoplasms, the time required for death from either neoplasm following its appearance was not dose-related. The estimated median times to death after appearance of tumors were as follows: bladder neoplasm, 6.8 months; liver neoplasm, 5.7 months; reticulum cell sarcoma, 3.0 months. PMID- 7365391 TI - Acceptors and rejectors of an invitation to undergo breast screening compared with those who referred themselves. AB - All women aged 50--79 were invited by two group practices to undergo screening and 57% accepted. Women of the same age range in other practices, who referred themselves, were also screened. Interview with random samples of 100 invited screened women (acceptors), 100 invited unscreened women (rejectors), and 50 self referred women enabled comparisons to be made of personal and social characteristics, previous health behaviour, and beliefs about cancer in the three groups. Self-referral was associated with lower age, higher social class, and higher educational levels. Women accepting invitations included more who had previously used other screening procedures, for example, cervical smears and chest x rays, than those rejecting invitations. Previous use of screening was even more among self-referred women. Acceptance of screening was associated with belief in the possibilities of curing cancer. PMID- 7365393 TI - The decline in incidence of acute intussusception in childhood in north-east Scotland. AB - The records have been studied of 77 cases of acute intussusception in children which occurred in Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, and Banffshire during the 10 years 1967--76. There has been a decrease in age-specific incidence of about a third since a previous study in the same region was carried out between 1950 and 1959. The decline in rates is greater for rural areas than for Aberdeen City and it is more marked for girls than for boys. PMID- 7365390 TI - Cervical cancer in Finland and South Wales: implications of end results data on the natural history. AB - The population-based cancer registry data on patients with cervical cancer in Finland and South Wales in 1960--69 were analysed for survival. Patients with carcinoma-in-situ experienced essentially the normal life expectancy. Those with invasive carcinoma experienced 75% of normal post-registration life expectancy in Finland but only 45% in South Wales. The difference was due to higher frequency and to better survival of patients with localised carcinoma in Finland, which was attributed to the fact that in Wales the mean age of the population is higher than that in Finland, and also to the longer delya in Wales from first symptoms to diagnosis among women with localised cancer. The differences in mean age by clinical stage and in survival combined with the duration of symptoms support the hypothesis that speed of tumour growth is a major determinant of clinical stage at diagnosis. PMID- 7365392 TI - A prospective study of the development of coronary heart disease in a group of 1202 middle-aged men. AB - A prospective study of the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) in men aged 45--54 was conducted in six group practices in Belfast, Northern Ireland Of the 1343 men examined once by clinical, electrocardiographic, biochemical and anthropometric methods, 1202 free from CHD entered the prospective study. All 1202 men were followed for at least five years and the average annual incidence of CHD during this period was estimated as 1.73% (104 men developed). Of the 28 measurements made at initial examination, four--S-T depression, total lifetime tobacco consumption, diastolic blood pressure, and height (significant on classical linear discriminant function analysis)--were investigated in more detail. Using multidimensional contingency table methods, the probability of developing CHD was found to depend, in rand order of importance, on S-T depression, total lifetime tobacco consumption, and diastolic blood pressure. The risk of development was maximal (0.3732, four times the 'random' risk) in men with S-T depression, greater than average total lifetime tobacco consumption, and a diastolic pressure of 100 mm Hg or more. PMID- 7365394 TI - Hypertension in a population sample of female Punjabi Indians in Southall. AB - A population-based survey of female Punjabi Indians aged 11 and over now living in Southall, a district in west London, showed a steady and significant increase in blood pressure with increasing age. The crude population prevalence of hypertension, defined according to the criteria of the World Health Organisation, was 16%; for women over the age of 40 it was 62%. About two-thirds of those in the hypertensive range did not know of their high blood pressure. Among those who did know, up to 75% were receiving medical treatment for the condition. PMID- 7365397 TI - The Cardiff cervical cytology study. Enumeration and definition of population and initial acceptance rates. AB - The Cardiff Cervical Cytology Study began in 1965. Its primary aim was to evaluate screening for neoplasia of the cervix uteri. The study population was all ever-married women, aged 25--69, resident within the Cardiff City area. The basic objective was that all such women should be screened three times. The population was enumerated by house-to-house visiting of the entire city and a register of eligible women was compiled. The first round of visiting finished early in 1971. The defined population numbered 70 869, of whom 45 915 (65%) had had one or more tests. The method of defining the population is described and details are given of the initial response rates in respect of the major demographic factors. The response rate varied with age and with social class. It declined from 92% in the age group 25--29 to 26% in the age group 65--69, and from 81% in Social Class I to 52% in Social Class V. The response was 5% to 10% lower among widowed, divorced, and separated women than among married women but was independent of age at first marriage and age at first pregnancy. Nulliparae showed a lower response rate than multiparae. PMID- 7365395 TI - Four-year mortality by some socioeconomic indicators: the Oslo study. AB - The association between four-year mortality and some socioeconomic indicators has been studied in al Oslo men aged 40--49, invited to a screening programme for cardiovascular disease, and in a 'healthy' subgroup of participating men free of cardiovascular disease and diabetes at screening. The lowest social class exhibited a much higher total mortality than the other classes. This was pronounced for a variety of causes of death, such as cancer of the lung, accidents and homicide, and coronary heart disease. The negative mortality gradient by increasing socioeconomic status can to a certain degree be 'explained' by the coronary risk factor pattern. PMID- 7365396 TI - Specificity and sensitivity of blood pressure measurements. AB - Specificity and sensitivity of a biological test describe the ability of the test to exclude false and to include true positives. A method is described for estimating such values for blood pressure measurement. Estimated values are given for various cut-off levels of the diastolic blood pressure. The method indicates that the optimal cut-off for defining hypertension is found to be at the blood pressure level where the specificity is appraoching 100% and where the sensitivity is about 20%. For example, for males aged 50--59, this is obtained at the diastolic blood pressure level of 105--110 mg Hg. PMID- 7365399 TI - Control of the temporal locations of polydipsic licking in the rat. AB - We studied the variables controlling the temporal location of polydipsic licking. Four rats were trained on a mixed fixed-ratio 10 (no tone) chained fixed-ratio 10 (no tone) fixed-ratio 90 (tone) schedule and on a multiple fixed-ratio 10 (tone) fixed ratio 100 (no tone) schedule. On the multiple schedule, drinking followed pellets if a fixed ratio 100 was upcoming for all four subjects and for two of the subjects if a fixed ratio 10 was upcoming. On the mixed schedule, drinking preceded the fixed-ratio 90 component of the chain. Two subjects also drank after pellet delivery on the mixed schedule before both the fixed ration 10 and the chain components. The number of licks was greater following a pellet than following a response. In a second phase with two of these subjects, the total response requirement of the chain was held constant at 100, while the size of the two ratios that constituted the chain was varied inversely. The tone signaled onset of the second link. Drinking followed the tone when it signaled fixed-ratio 90, 95, or 100 but not when it signaled fixed ratio 75, 80, or 85. These results show, on the one hand, that polydipsic licking is controlled by discriminative properties of the pellet rather than by its eliciting or "thirst-producing" characteristics. On the other hand, the fact that drinks were longer following a pellet than following a response suggests a contribution of thirst to polydipsia. PMID- 7365398 TI - An investigation of peak shift and behavioral contrast for autoshaped and operant behavior. AB - Instrumental treadle press and nonreinforced key peck responses were monitored during discrimination training and generalization testing in pigeons on positive and negative reinforcement schedules. In Experiment 1, six pigeons pressed a treadle for food on a multiple variable-interval extinction schedule. In Experiment 2, three pigeons pressed a treadle to avoid shock on a multiple free operant avoidance extinction schedule. Different color keylights signaled S+ and S- components. Some positive behavioral contrast occurred during discrimination training, but the effect was small. Pecking occurred to the S+ keylight in Experiment 1 but not in Experiment 2. On stimulus generalization tests, all subjects displayed a positive peak shift when pressing the treadle for food or to avoid shock. However, peak shift was not found for nonreinforced "autopecks" on the stimulus key, although an area shift was observed in Experiment 1. This is the first demonstration of peak shift for pigeons pressing treadles and the only reliable demonstration of peak shift when negative reinforcement maintained responding. These results, in combination with previous demonstrations of peak shift for rats pressing levers and pigeons pecking keys, indicate that peak shift is a general by-product of operant discrimination learning, since it occurs across a variety of the organisms, responses, and reinforcers. PMID- 7365400 TI - Magnitude and duration of the effects of cocaine on conditioned and adjunctive behaviors in the chimpanzee. AB - Characteristic patterns of conditioned key-pressing were maintained in the chimpanzee under a multiple 30-response fixed-ratio, 10-minute fixed-interval schedule of food presentation. Adjunctive drinking occurred with regularity during the fixed-interval schedule and, with less frequency, during 1-minute timeout periods that followed each food presentation; drinking seldom occurred during the fixed-ratio schedule. Cocaine increased key pressing under the fixed interval schedule at doses between .1 and 3.0 mg/kg, but adjunctive drinking and key pressing under the fixed-ratio schedule did not increase at any dose. Conditioned and adjunctive behaviors were disrupted and suppressed for different durations at 10,0 mg/kg, a dose which induced convulsive seizures within 10 minutes after intramuscular injection. A time-course analysis showed the magnitude and duration of the effects of cocaine on key pressing under the fixed interval schedule and on adjunctive drinking to be dose-related. Moreover, a given dose of cocaine had diverse effects, depending on the behavior and the time since drug administration. PMID- 7365401 TI - Effects of d-amphetamine and cocaine on strained ratio behavior in a repeated acquisition task. AB - Pigeons acquired a different four-response chain each session by responding sequentially on three keys in the presence of four colors. When the fixed-ratio requirement for food presentation was five completions of the chain, d amphetamine and cocaine disrupted the behavior. As the dose of each drug was increased, the overall response rate decreased, the overall accuracy was impaired (i,e., percent errors increased), and there was less within-session error reduction (acquisition). In contrast, when the fixed-ratio requirement was either 20 or 50 completions of the chain, certain doses of both drugs produced large increases in the overall response rate by eliminating the extended pausing (ratio strain) that was characteristic of the control sessions. These rate-increasing effects were accompanied by error-decreasing effects, both during acquisition and after the response chain had been acquired. Taken together, the results show that the effects of d-amphetamine and cocaine on behavior in a repeated-acquisition task can be modulated by manipulating the value of the fixed-ratio schedule maintaining the behavior. PMID- 7365402 TI - Undermatching on concurrent variable-interval schedules and the power law. AB - The phenomenon of undermatching on concurrent variable-interval schedules is shown to be derivable by transforming the individual interreinforcement intervals of each variable-interval schedule and averaging the transformed values to produce an "estimate" of the rate of reinforcement the schedules deliver. If the transformation is based on a power function with a fractional exponent, such as is found in many studies of temporal control in animals, matching response rations to the ratios of these estimated rates of reinforcement yields undermatching. If the concurrent variable-interval schedules are arranged such that the individual intervals in each schedule have a constant proportionality (a procedure found in many commonly used variable-interval schedules) the slope of the line relating logarithms of response ratios and of programmed reinforcement ratios is identical to the exponent of the power transformation applied to the individual time intervals in the variable-interval schedules. In other cases this simple relation does not hold but the degree of undermatching is greater the lower the value of the exponent of the power function. This account of undermatching predicts values similar to those typically observed. PMID- 7365404 TI - Visual attention in retarded adults: combining stimuli which control incompatible behavior. AB - Eight severely retarded young men learned color and line-tilt discrimination. After 95% accuracy was achieved for both dimensions, they were combined to form "conflict-compound" stimuli in which prior reinforcement history was reversed for one element of the compound and unchanged for the other. When responding to the compound was 95% accurate, control exerted by each element was measured. The unchanged element consistently exercised control in agreement with the reinforcement contingencies associated with the compound, regardless of whether it was color or line orientation. The reversed element, which had a conflicting prior history or reinforcement, most often exerted control associated wtih original training, or no control, suggesting that it had been "ignored" during the compound. Conflict compounds produced selective attention. When elements were combined to form "compatible-compound" stimuli, both exercised control in agreement with the compound in post-tests. Selective attention was not produced by compatible compounds. PMID- 7365403 TI - Delay-interval illumination changes interfere with pigeon short-term memory. AB - Pigeons acquired a successive depayed matching-to-sample task at delay intervals ranging from 2.5 to 7 seconds. Test sessions were conducted during which delay interval illumination conditions were changed from those illumination conditions that prevailed during the baselines. Compared to baseline delayed matching performance, changing delay-interval illumination disrupted matching. This disruption occurred whether the change in delay-interval illumination represented an increase or a decrease, relative to the baseline, and whether there was or was not a change in illumination during the test session. It was concluded that illumination per se introduced during delay intervals of delayed matching tasks does not interfere with pigeon short-term memory. Rather, a change in delay interval illumination, relative to the baseline, appears to retroactively interfere in pigeon short-term memory. PMID- 7365405 TI - Brightness contrast: a reinterpretation of compound cue and combined cue experiments with pigeons. AB - A group of three pigeons was trained on a 4-ply multiple schedule: a green color and a vertical line superimposed upon an achromatic background as positive stimuli, and a red color and a horizontal line on an achromatic background as negative stimuli. The pigeons were tested with the vertical line superimposed upon different achromatic background intensities, then with the vertical line superimposed upon different green background intensities, and finally with the vertical line and its training achromatic backgfound attenuated (and unattenuated) by a neutral density filter. The gradients peaked at the luminance of the achromatic background used during training and at the equivalent luminance for the green background when it was substituted for the achromatic background. The brightness contrast, not the background luminance, was the critical variable as the neutral density filter attenuated both the line and the background equally, leaving brightness contrast unchanged; there was no response decrement to this attenuated stimulus. Two other groups of three pigeons showed that they attended to line orientation as well as to brightness contrast. The brightness contrast hypothesis was extended to explain results of attention experiments and combined cue experiments which have used line stimuli in combinations with different backgrounds. PMID- 7365406 TI - Temporal discrimination and a free-operant psychophysical procedure. AB - Pigeons were presented a series of keylight time periods (separated by blackouts) during which two response keys were lit, one by blue light and the other either by orange or green. Blue-key responses changed the color on the other key. Orange key responses sometimes produced food during the first half of a time period; green-key responses sometimes produced food during the second half. In three experiments, the probability of a green-key response increased as a function of elapsed time. Experiment 1 compared performance when the duration of the keylight periods was varied across a wide range. Discrimination of performance was similar across the range of durations. Experiment 2 varied both relative reinforcement rate and the local reinforcement rate for orange-key and green-key responses. These manipulations produced changes in response bias but not discrimination sensitivity. Experiment 3 varied the local temporal placement of reinforcers within time periods and demonstrated that choice behavior was affected by differential reinforcement at different points during the time periods. The results were consistent with previous research on duration discrimination that used psychophysical trials procedures. PMID- 7365407 TI - On the discriminability of stimulus duration. AB - The performance of pigeons trained to detect differences in the duration of stimuli was analysed using a matching model of signal detection. Two white stimuli, S1 and S2, differing in duration, were arranged with equal probability on the center key of a three-key chamber. S1 was systematically varied from 5 seconds to 25 seconds while S2 remained constant at 30 seconds. On completion of the center-key stimulus, a peck on the center key turned on the two red side keys. A left-key response was "correct" when S1 had been in effect on the center key and a right-key response was "correct" on S2 trials. A correct response produced a 3-second magazine light accompanied intermittently by food. Incorrect responses produced 3-second blackouts. Detection performance was measured under two procedures. In the first, the obtained reinforcement ratio was uncontrolled by allowing the number of food reinforcements obtained for correct left- and right-key responses to vary as the stimuli were changed. In the second procedure, the presentation of food reinforcement was controlled by holding the obtained reinforcement ratio constant. Discriminability changed as a function of stimulus differences under both procedures. No such trend was found in response bias. PMID- 7365408 TI - Discrimination and differentiation of response number in stimulus directed pecking of pigeons. AB - In Experiment 1, autoshaping trials terminated with food only if pigeons emitted more than a target number of responses during a trial in one condition and fewer than a target number in another. The median number of responses per trial shifted in accordance wtih the requirements. The responding of yoked-control birds that received response-independent reinforcers did not vary with the response requirements. In Experiment 2, the number of responses in autoshaping trial became the discriminative stimulus for reinforcement in the second component of a chained schedule. In one condition, responding was reinforced only if the number of responses in the first component was above a target value; in the other condition, responding was reinforced only if the number was below the target value. The distribution of the first-component response numbers did not shift systematically between discrimination conditions, but response rates in the second component indicated that the number of responses in the autoshaping trial was a discriminable property behavior. PMID- 7365410 TI - Conditional discrimination learning: a critique and amplification. AB - Carter and Werner recently reviewed the literature on conditional discrimination learning by pigeons, which consists of studies of matching-to-sample and oddity from-sample. They also discussed three models of such learning: the "multiple rule" model (learning of stimulus-specific relations), the "configuration" model, and the "single-rule" model (concept learning). Although their treatment of the multiple-rule model, which seems most applicable to the pigeon data, is generally excellent, their discussion of the other two models is incomplete and sometimes inaccurate. Potential problems of terminology are discussed in the present paper, as are additional lines of research that deserve consideration by those interested in further work in this area. The issue of response versus stimulus selection (configuration versus compound-cue learning) is discussed in connection with the configuration model. Particular attention is given to Carter and Werner's criticism of the application, in studies with other species, of the learning set procedure in testing for single-rule learning. Some of the important related issues are: the bias for improvement on new problems in a series, the adequacy of a multiple-rule model to explain learning set formation, and evidence in favor of the single-rule model, at least in primates. Consideration of these additional contributions to the study of conditional discrimination learning emphasizes the usefulness of this task in the comparative study of cognitive processes. PMID- 7365409 TI - A note on the measurement of conditional discrimination. AB - An analysis of some extreme forms of stimulus control that a simple conditional discrimination procedure can generate leads to the conclusion that accuracy does not provide an orderly scale of measurement. Dependence on accuracy to evaluate a conditional discrimination, particularly at intermediate levels of accuracy, can generate erroneous conclusions about the extent to which the controlling relations are those specified by the experimenter. PMID- 7365411 TI - Circadian rhythm from the eye of Aplysia: temperature compensation of the effects of protein synthesis inhibitors. AB - 1. The circadian rhythm of compound action potentials (CAP) frequency recorded from the isolated eye of Aplysia in culture medium and darkness was subjected to step and pulse treatments with anisomycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor. 2. The step application of anisomycin and its continued presence in the culture medium lengthened the period of the rhythm in a dose-dependent manner. At 10(-8) M the period was increased from the normal 26.5 h to about 28 h and at 10(-7) M the period was lengthened to 31 h or longer. At 10(-6) M the rhythm was suppressed but the CAP activity continued without the cyclic variations in CAP frequency. 3. Six-hour pulses of anisomycin at 10(-6) M caused phase-dependent phase-shifts of the rhythm. Maximum phase delays of 15 h were obtained at CT (circadian time) 2 and maximum phase advances of 4 h were obtained at CT 6. The phase response curves at 12, 15 and 17 degrees C were essentially identical. 4. Anisomycin appears to act rather selectively on the circadian clock mechanism. It does not alter the CAP amplitude and duration and it does not alter the bursting pacemaker mechanism of the optic nerve CAP or central neurones. 5. The results support the hypothesis that the synthesis of a protein or polypeptide on eucaryotic ribosomes is an essential part of the circadian clock timing mechanism. The sensitivity of the clock to anisomycin is the same at three different temperatures (12, 15 and 17 degrees C) within the physiological range of temperatures for Aplysia, as expected for a clock whose period length is temperature compensated (Q10 1.02) over that same range. 6. At the critical phases of CT 1-4, anisomycin pulses often caused unusual perturbations of the rhythm. These effects are consistent with the hypothesis that the circadian rhythm is a multioscillator system. PMID- 7365412 TI - Separable phases of light-evoked depolarizations in the retina of Strombus. AB - The waveforms of light-evoked depolarizations in Strombus retinal neurones can exhibit two sequential peaks or phases, the relative amplitudes of which vary with changes in stimulus intensity and interstimulus interval. Experiments employing either the passage of constant intracellular current or voltage clamp techniques indicate that both phases reverse polarity at intracellular potentials less negative than the resting potential. The potential at which the first phase reverses its polarity is considerably more positive than that of the second phase. The results indicate that the light-evoked depolarizations are generated by at least two different processes; these appear to be separate conductance changes, neither of which is voltage dependent. Under certain conditions, the second phase was inhibited by high extracellular concentrations of Mg2+, indicating that it may arise as a result of chemically mediated synaptic transmission. The first phase did not show such inhibition and appears to be caused by the direct action of light on the cell. PMID- 7365413 TI - Vertical banding evoked by electrical stimulation of the brain in anaesthetized green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus, and bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus. AB - A pattern of dark vertical bands is a characteristic agonistic display in the green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus and the bluegill, L. macrochirus. The rapidity with which the display can appear and disappear indicates that it is neurally controlled. Electrical stimulation of the brain was carried out in anaesthetized green sunfish and bluegills to map those regions from which this colour change can be elicited. Banding was evoked by stimulation of sites near the midline in the preoptic area, ventral thalamic-dorsal hypothalmic transition zone, the midbrain tegmentum (just dorsal to the nucleus prerotundus pars medialis), in and near the torus semicricularis, in the basal midbrain (region of the crossing tectobulbar tracts), and in the rostral basomedial medulla. A 'transition' zone was located basally in the middle medulla, caudal to which only paling was evoked. Areas found to be negative for evoked banding included the telencephalic lobe, the inferior lobe of the hypothalamus, the optic tract, the optic tectum, the body and valvula of the cerebellum and the caudal medulla. It is postulated that the vertical banding pattern is made up of a separate, selectively controlled system of dermal melanophores. The possible neural mechanisms controlling banding are discussed. PMID- 7365414 TI - Relation between non-bicarbonate buffer value and tolerance to cellular acidosis: a comparative study of myocardial tissue. AB - There is a large variation in the tolerance of myocardial tissue to cellular acidosis. Assuming the cytoplasmic acid-base status to be mainly a result of intracellular processes, this variation could be produced by variations in the tissue non-bicarbonate buffer value. In the myocardial tissue from nine vertebrate species, the non-bicarbonate buffer value did not correlate either with ability to develop tension under hypercapnic acidiosis or with the indirectly estimated capacity for anaerobic glycolysis. Therefore, differences in myocardial tolerance to acidosis must be explained either by an active pH regulation or by other compensatory mechanisms. PMID- 7365415 TI - Ionic and osmotic influence on prostaglandin release from the gill tissue of a marine bivalve, Modiolus demissus. AB - 1. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was identified in Modiolus demissus gill tissue on the basis of solvent extraction, thin layer and column chromatography, bioassay, and radioimmunoassay. The presence of PGE2 was detected in both tissue and sea water incubate surrounding the tissue. 2. Both hyposmotic stress and magnesium-free sea water significantly increased release of prostaglandins into sea water. Hyposmotic stress also significantly increased prostaglandin synthesis. 3. Examination of tissues revealed that homogenates of the mantle and lower visceral mass contained significantly fewer nanograms immunoreactive prostaglandins per gram wet weight than homogenates of the gill, posterior adductor muscle, upper visceral mass, or siphon tissue. 4. Prostaglandin release could be increased by addition of arachidonic acid, and inhibited by addition of acetylsalicylic acid or indomethacin. PMID- 7365416 TI - Structure and electrical properties of eye muscles in cave- and surface-dwelling crayfishes. AB - The morphologies and passive electrical parameters of fibres in two eye muscles of a surface- and a cave-dwelling crayfish were compared. In the cave-dwelling form the muscles contained fewer fibres, of less diameter, and hence had a smaller cross-sectional area. Current-voltage relationships were similar in both species. Input resistance was higher in the cave-dweller, but the difference was not as great as would be expected on the basis of geometry alone. Accordingly, the specific membrane resistance of muscle fibres in the cave-dweller is 50-60% smaller than that in the surface-dweller. This may account partially for the observation that identified excitatory junctional potentials in muscles of cave- and surface dwellers have similar amplitudes. We conclude that a functional oculomotor system is maintained in cave-dwelling crayfish, and that this system confers some positive selective advantage. PMID- 7365417 TI - Ionic bases of resting and action potentials in salivary gland acinar cells of the snail Helisoma. AB - Values for resting and action potentials of Helisoma salivary gland cells are much the same as in most neurones and muscle cells. The resting potential is primarily due to the distribution of potassium ions across the membrane, with a small contribution by an electrogenic sodium pump. Estimated values for intracellular potassium concentration and the relative membrane permeabilities to sodium and potassium ions correspond to similar estimates in other excitable tissues. The inward current of the salivary gland action potential is carried predominantly by calcium ions and possibly serves as a mechanism of calcium entry for stimulus-secretion coupling. PMID- 7365418 TI - Neuroethological studies of freely swimming Aplysia brasiliana. AB - Recently developed neurophysiological and behavioural techniques were used to study swimming in the marine gastropod Aplysia brasiliana. Aplysia swim by bilateral parapodial flapping with an anterior to posterior metachronal wave. Parapodial oscillations are measured from video records. Population recordings from nerves innervating the parapodia during normal swimming in intact Aplysia reveal synchronous phasic activity in large efferent units associated with parapodial opening. Isolated brain studies and stimulation of central pathways in intact animals suggest a central pattern generator. We conclude that the output of the neuronal oscillator that controls parapodial flapping radiates synchronously from each pedal ganglion. The putative command to swim originates within the cerebral ganglia. PMID- 7365419 TI - The effects of extracts from neurosecretory cells in the anterior vena cava and pharyngo-ophthalmic vein upon the hearts of intact free-moving octopuses. AB - Recordings of pressure and frequency were made from the hearts of free-moving Octopus vulgaris. The effects of extracts from neurosecretory endings in the anterior vena cava (AVC) and the pharyngo-ophthalmic vein (POV), injected through fine cannulae into a branchial heart, efferent branchial vessel or the dorsal aorta, were studied and compared with the effects of acetylcholine, 5 hydroxytryptamine, adrenaline, histamine and tyramine. AVC and POV extracts each produce a different spectrum of effects, unlike those of any of the drugs tested. AVC extract is effective at doses of less than 2% of the material extractable from a single vein per kg, increasing the force and amplitude of the heartbeats. With a natural release point just upstream of the branchial hearts the AVC material must be relevant to the normal performance of the hearts. POV extract is effective only at doses equivalent to several veins per kg, and is unlikely to have a role in cardiac regulation. Section of the visceral nerves did not affect the action of drugs or extracts, indicating that effects were not indirectly mediated via the CNA. Further experiments were made with hearts and the aorta in vitro with effects that did not always parallel those found in vivo. Reasons for these differences are discussed. PMID- 7365420 TI - The statistical treatment of hydrogen ion concentration and pH. PMID- 7365421 TI - Attention of 4-month infants to discrepancy and babyishness. PMID- 7365422 TI - Development of comprehension of sentences with "because" or "if". PMID- 7365423 TI - Spatial localization in children after changes in position. PMID- 7365424 TI - "More" is "less": sign language comprehension in deaf and hearing children. PMID- 7365425 TI - Neonates' heart rate, sucking rhythm, and sucking amplitude as a function of the sweet taste. PMID- 7365426 TI - Developmental changes in infants' sensitivity to octave-band noises. PMID- 7365427 TI - The development of grapheme-phoneme correspondence in normal and dyslexic readers. PMID- 7365428 TI - Recognition memory for objects in very young children: the effect of shape and label similarity on preference for novel stimuli. PMID- 7365429 TI - On knowing how well one is remembering: the persistence of strategy use during transfer. PMID- 7365430 TI - Facilitatijg referential communication among children: the listener as teacher. PMID- 7365432 TI - Expanding concerns and applications of medical ethics. PMID- 7365431 TI - Predoctoral education in family medicine. PMID- 7365433 TI - The spectrum of otitis media in family practice. AB - Individual and family factors which relate to acute purulent otitis media were investigated in a family practice population. In a practice with more than 11,000 patients, 442 persons had 527 episodes of otitis media during a one-year period. More than 20 percent of the cases occurred in patients of age 15 years and over, but the case rate per year for this group was 11 cases per 1,000 as opposed to 109.7 cases per 1,000 for patients under the age of 15 years. Twenty percent of young children had two or more episodes during the year as compared with five percent for adults. Females had more multiple episodes than did males. The incidence of multiple cases in families is greater than would be expected if cases were distributed randomly (P less than 0.05). However, significantly fewer families with three or more children reported cases of otitis media as compared with smaller families (P less than 0.05). PMID- 7365434 TI - An evaluation of potassium usage in ambulatory hypertensive patients. AB - Controversies surround the practice of prescribing potassium for ambulatory hypertensive patients who are being treated with diuretics. A chart review was conducted in a family medicine group practice to examine habits of potassium monitoring and supplement prescribing for patients receiving diuretic therapy for control of hypertension. Eighty-four percent of the 134 patients studied were monitored for serum potassium. For those with values obtained both before and after institution of diuretic therapy, mean potassium fell from 4.1 mEq/liter to 3.8 mEq/liter and 29 percent of patients had potassium levels fall to 3.5 mEq/liter or less. Almost half of patients received some type of potassium therapy, with diet enrichment and pharmacologic supplementation being the most common. When mean serum potassium values and percentage of patients with hypokalemia were compared for patients who were prescribed potassium therapy and for those who were not, there was little evidence that patients benefited from potassium prescribing. PMID- 7365435 TI - Depression in family practice: long-term prognosis and somatic complaints. AB - Somatic pain, functional, and anxiety complaints of 154 depressed patients were followed during the course of their initial depression and were found to parallel the depression: these complaints increased in number just prior to diagnosis of depression and decreased to normal levels after one year's treatment of the depression. Persistence of these types of somatic symptoms after one year's treatment predicted eventual chronicity of the depression. Older patients were also more likely to develop chronic depressions, and there was some indication that those individuals who had an initial remission of a depression followed by a second depression which then became chronic had longer first depressions. PMID- 7365436 TI - Family medicine and medical ethics--a natural and necessary union. AB - Since many ethical dilemmas in the practice of medicine involve cases associated with tertiary care, primary care providers may feel removed from these kinds of problems. Family medicine, committed to an intellectual synergism with a variety of non-biomedical disciplines as well as being a "specialty in breadth" should develop a strong bond with medical ethics. Because of their ongoing relationships with patients and subsequent knowledge of their value systems, family physicians can provide leadership in guiding ethical decision making in intensive care settings. In addition, since a significant number of ethical dilemmas in medicine involve common problems, family physicians may be more sensitive to and feel more comfortable with this aspect of medical practice. Some family practice residency programs have begun to provide educational experiences in medical ethics for their trainees. Although the evaluation methodology for this aspect of training is not fully developed, it seems clear that residency programs should give additional attention to these areas in planning their curricula. PMID- 7365437 TI - Self-evaluation by residents in family medicine. AB - Accurate self-evaluation is central to a family physician's professional growth both during and after the residency training period. Self-evaluations of residents' interviewing skills, as demonstrated in videotaped interviews with simulated patients, were compared to multiple faculty evaluations as part of an annual assessment. Means for resident evaluations were lower and showed greater variations than faculty ratings but correlated significantly in several areas. Inter-rater reliability coefficients were highest when criteria were most specific. Residents benefited from the opportunity to compare and discuss their perceptions with those of objective and competent raters. PMID- 7365438 TI - Teaching hypnosis in a family medicine residency. AB - Trainees in a family medicine residency found a three-phase program for learning hyponosis to be valuable in increasing their knowledge of interpersonal communication and their effectiveness as therapeutic agents. Trainees advanced from general introduction to theories and methods of hypnosis and familiarity with hypnotic phenomena, to the practice of hypnosis in specific medical situations with individuals and eventually with groups of patients. Sessions were didactic and experiential, and reading assignments were given at weekly intervals. Trainees served as role models in settings where hypnosis had not been used before, and were able to practice hypnotic techniques clinically even during their beginning phase of training. PMID- 7365439 TI - Sex of physician as a determinant of psychosocial problem recognition. AB - With increasing scrutiny of the role of women in the medical profession, there has been speculation that women physicians provide more sensitivity and empathy to their patients. To compare the psychosocial awareness of female and male physicians, medical records were reviewed for 909 patient visits to six women and seven men who were first year family practice residents. Charts were audited for evidence of acknowledgement of 21 categories of psychosocial or sexual problems. Women physicians saw more patients than their male counterparts and had a higher percentage of visits from women patients (73 percent compared to 65 percent): Types of medical problems seen were similar for men and women physicians with 42 percent of patients noted to have at least one psychosocial or sexual problem. Recognition of problems did not differ significantly between men and women physicians. Women physicians found 44 percent of their female patients had at least one psychosocial problem compared to a 40 percent rate for men physicians seeing either male or female patients, but this small difference could have occurred by chance. When three family medicine faculty members were asked to rank the residents, their ratings were better predictors of psychosocial awareness than was the sex of the resident physician. PMID- 7365440 TI - Family practice in Massachusetts: a comparison of residency trained family physicians with the general practitioner experience of 1967-1968. AB - An analysis of data collected from a one-year survey of the activities of seven residency trained family physicians practicing in Massachusetts was carried out. These data were compared to a study of activities of Massachusetts general practitioners done in 1967-1968, and to the Virginia Study of 1976. Both hospital and health center encounters were analyzed. The age distribution of the practices paralleled that of the general practitioners, particularly the younger general practitioners. The sex distribution was also comparable. However, over one third of all health problems recorded during the study were for preventive or non illness visits. This represented a significant percentage increase over the general practitioners as well as the family physicians in the Virginia Study. The site of activity was also different in showing a ten percent increase in office visits over 1967-1968. Women's health issues, which include maternity and family planning care, represented a larger percentage of the practices of the residency graduates than was the case in the Virginia Study. Educational and health manpower implications of the study are discussed. PMID- 7365441 TI - Reliability of morbidity data in family practice. AB - Because of its relative youth, family practice research has not yet developed a tradition of proven research techniques. New techniques, even those already proven effective in other disciplines, must be evaluated in the family practice setting if the results that they generate are to have any credibility. The collection of morbidity data has become a major activity in family practice research, but this has occurred without sufficient examination of its reliability. Several problems, both potential and real, exist requiring more detailed scrutiny, discussion, and possibly action. These problems of recording, diagnosis, coding, and population, and their ramifications, are explored with the aim of stimulating such action and encouraging a rigorous approach to the collection, publication, and interpretation of morbidity statistics. PMID- 7365442 TI - Practical psychiatry in medicine. Part 16. Psychiatric evaluation of the medical patient. PMID- 7365443 TI - Shock in infants and children. AB - Shock is a descriptive term indicating generalized inadequancy of organ perfusion. In the critically ill patient, the common denominator is insufficient microcirculatory flow. All patients have excessive sympathetic tone with arteriolar and venular vasoconstriction. Two phases may be clinically recognized. Phase 1 is usually reversible and is characterized by ischemic hypoxia. Phase 2 is often irreversible and is characterized by stagnant hypoxia, cell disruption, autolysis, and diffuse intravascular coagulation. Although the presentation of shock may vary with age, one usually detects evidence of inadequate tissue perfusion, hypotension, and poor urine output. Treatment consists of early recognition, establishment and maintenance of intravascular volume, and cardiorespiratory assistance with mechanical ventilation and various inotropic and vasoactive drugs. Pediatric mortality remains high despite new and sophisticated treatment methods. PMID- 7365444 TI - Gastric cancer. PMID- 7365445 TI - A program for teaching research in a family practice residency. PMID- 7365446 TI - Irritable bowel syndrome presenting in the first week of life. PMID- 7365447 TI - Psychological trauma in children and youth in competitive sports. PMID- 7365448 TI - Classification of homosexuality. PMID- 7365449 TI - Rural physicians in the German Democratic Republic. PMID- 7365450 TI - Extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis by Pseudomonas NCIB 11264. Studies on precursor-forming enzymes and factors affecting exopolysaccharide production by washed suspensions. AB - An assay was developed to measure the rate of exopolysaccharide formation by washed non-proliferating suspensions of Pseudomonas NCIB 11264 grown under a range of controlled environmental conditions. The specific activities of certain of the enzymes involved in the formation of the sugar nucleotide precursors of polysaccharide biosynthesis were also measured in steady-state populations. The level of enzyme activity did not reflect either the amount of extracellular polysaccharide produced or the rate at which glucose was incorporated into exopolysaccharide, which was dependent on medium composition, environmental factors, and the rate and stage of growth of the organism. The specific activities were not affected by either cultural conditions or the separate addition of actinomycin D and chloramphenicol, indicating a constitutive biosynthetic system. PMID- 7365451 TI - Isolation of a relatively pure outer membrane fraction of Moraxella nonliquefaciens and a comparison of its characteristics with the cytoplasmic membrane-containing material. AB - Cell envelope fractions of Moraxella nonliquefaciens were isolated by a slight modification of Osborn's method. Two main membrane fractions were characterized chemically and morphologically. The density of the fraction containing cytoplasmic membrane material was 1.17 to 1.18 g cm-3 compared with 1.24 to 1.27 g cm-3 for the outer membrane fraction. Lipopolysaccharide was detected almost exclusively in the outer membrane fraction and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of this fraction revealed one dominant protein band with an apparent molecular weight of 45 000. Cross-contamination of the fractions was estimated to be about 10%, as calculated on the basis of the lipopolysaccharide fatty acid 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid and on the relative activities of D-lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7365452 TI - Fusobacterium polysaccharolyticum sp.nov., a gram-negative rod from the rumen that produces butyrate and ferments cellulose and starch. AB - A new Gram-negative, non-sporulating, rod-shaped, anaerobic bacterium capable of fermenting cellulose and starch was isolated from the rumens of sheep fed supplemented maize stover diets. The organism fermented few carbohydrates, showing a preference for polysaccharides. The main acid products of carbohydrate fermentation were butyrate and formate. Acetate was utilized. PMID- 7365453 TI - A new haemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus which lyses horse erythrocytes. AB - A new haemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus produced opaque zones of haemolysis on horse blood agar but did not lyse equine erythrocytes suspended in phosphate buffered saline. The haemolysin was not neutralized by normal rabbit serum and was distinct from alpha-, beta- and delta-haemolysins as well as human leucocidin. Partially purified preparations produced erythema when injected intradermally into rabbit skin. PMID- 7365454 TI - A cellophane membrane method for screening auxotrophic mutants of photochromogenic mycobacteria. AB - A high-resolution screening procedure for the selection of mutants was developed based on the ability of some strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis to produce pigment in the light. Out of 23 000 colonies investigated, 17 auxotrophic mutants were isolated. Specific growth factor requirements for the mutants and the proportion of revertants were determined. PMID- 7365455 TI - Fatty acid patterns in the classification of some representatives of the families Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae. AB - Twenty-three strains representing the families Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae were analysed for fatty acid composition of whole cells by means of glass capillary column gas chromatography. Among the several alternatives tested, cluster analysis based on data normalized to hexadecanoate and logarithmically transformed provided good separations of species, genera and families. Strains from the genera Salmonella, Escherichia, Proteus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Vibrio and Aeromonas were studied. PMID- 7365456 TI - Effect of sodium chloride on the activity and production of staphylococcal exonuclease. AB - Extracellular nuclease activity in Staphylococcus aureus was enhanced about fourfold by 1% (w/v) NaCl, KCl, CsCl or LiCl. The pH and concentration of Ca2+ for optimum activity varied with the NaCl concentration; with an increased NaCl concentration, a higher Ca2+ concentration and a lower pH were required. Vmax, but not Km, varied with the concentration of NaCl. The addition of 3% (w/v) NaCl to growing cultures of S. aureus increased nuclease production fivefold. PMID- 7365457 TI - Naturally occurring plasmids in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus: a P class R factor of restricted host range. AB - A naturally occurring transmissible plasmid, designated pAV1, has been isolated in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. It specifies resistance to sulphonamides and is capable of mobilizing two non-transmissible resistance determinants for tetracycline and neomycin, respectively, within strains of A. calcoaceticus. It is incompatible with the P class R factors RP4 and R751 in A. calcoaceticus. On this basis we conclude that pAV1 is a member of the P incompatibility group. However, unlike most other P group R factors, pAV1 is not transmissible to strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella or Proteus mirabilis. PMID- 7365458 TI - Metabolism of phospholipids in Nocardia polychromogenes. AB - The rates of synthesis and breakdown of phospholipids in growing of Nocardia polychromogenes were investigated by means of a pulse-labelling technique using 32PO4(3)-. The results indicated that phospholipids were broken down and phosphatidylinositol mannosides had a high turnover rate. The other two main components, cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine, had a relatively low rate of turnover. PMID- 7365459 TI - Ultrastructural changes in cells induced by temperature-sensitive mutants of fowl plague virus at permissive and non-permissive temperature. AB - Ultrastructural changes developing in chick embryo fibroblast cultures infected with a wild-type strain of fowl plague virus (FPV) or one of six FPV temperature sensitive (ts) mutants belonging to different complementation groups were studied. Cells infected with wild-type FPV and incubated at optimal (36 degrees C) or nonpermissive temperature (42 degrees C) displayed changes similar to those described for orthomyxoviruses. The same patterns of changes were observed at 36 degrees C in cells infected with ts mutants belonging to five of the complementation groups. Mutant ts 303, possessing mutation-altered haemagglutinin, induced at 36 degrees C the formation of virions carrying a considerably reduced number of spikes on their surfaces. At 42 degrees C, cells infected with ts mutant 131, with a defective primary transcription stage, showed no morphological changes and no formation of electron-dense inclusions. Cells infected with ts mutants with defective secondary transcription or replication displayed nuclear inclusions but no formation of filamentous cytoplasmic structures or virions. Mutant ts 5 with defective late morphogenesis induced formation of considerably enhanced numbers of nuclear inclusions. PMID- 7365460 TI - DNA replication of bacteriophage T5. 1. Fractionation of intracellular T5 DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis. AB - Two forms of DNA may be isolated from gently lysed T5-infected bacteria. In neutral sucrose gradients a fast sedimenting form (fsf) is distinguishable from a slow sedimenting form (ssf) which moves at a rate similar to that of DNA extracted from mature T5 virus particles. A method of agarose gel electrophoresis is described which gives complete separation of the slow sedimenting from the fast sedimenting form. The DNA was extracted from the agarose using potassium iodide and isopycnic centrifugation; samples of the slow sedimenting form prepared by these methods were suitable for detailed structural studies. PMID- 7365461 TI - DNA replication of bacteriophage T5. 2. Structure and properties of the slow sedimenting form of intracellular T5 DNA. PMID- 7365463 TI - Location of post-translational cleavage events within F and HN glycoproteins of Newcastle disease virus. AB - The biologically active form of the fusion glycoprotein F from Newcastle disease virus (NDV) comprises two polypeptides, F1 and F2 (derived from a precursor polypeptide F0 by a post translational cleavage event), which are covalently linked together (F1,2) by disulphide bonds. This feature was exploited in a two dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis to orientate the position of the cleavage event within F0. Separation of proteins from NDV infected CEF in the first dimension in the absence of reducing agent resolved F1,2 protein from all NDV-induced proteins other than F0. Reduction of the first dimension gel with 2-mercaptoethanol, followed by electrophoresis in the second dimension, resolved F1 (55K), F2 (12.5K) and F0 (64K) proteins. The only polypeptides other than F1 and F2 which fell below the diagonal, indicating the positions of the polypeptides from infected cells, were two minor glycoproteins designated HN1 (51.5K) and HN2 (27.5K) which took up positions vertically beneath the major haemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein HN (75K). Dual isotope labelling experiments with NDV-infected chick embryo fibroblasts, which had previously received a salt shock to effect synchronization of polypeptide initiation upon release of salt shock, revealed the following orientations within the parent molecules: NH2-F2-F1-COOH and NH2-HN1-HN2-COOH. The existence of intermolecular disulphide bonds, orientation and relative lengths of the two NDV HN fragments is analogous to the HA1 and HA2 proteins of influenza virus haemagglutinin. PMID- 7365462 TI - The structural relatedness of the virus core proteins of Rauscher and Moloney murine leukaemia virus. AB - The virus core proteins p30, p15, pp12 and p10 of Rauscher (R-MuLV) and Moloney murine leukaemia virus (Mo-MuLV) were purified. Two-dimensional peptide maps of 3H-leucine-containing tryptic peptides as well as elution profiles from ion exchange chromatography of tryptic peptides derived from 3H-tyrosine-labelled R MuLV core proteins and 14C-tyrosine-labelled Mo-MuLV core proteins were compared. The results show that the p30 and p10 proteins are very similar but that p15 and pp12 exhibit significant differences. PMID- 7365464 TI - A protein, VPg, covalently linked to 36S calicivirus RNA. AB - Proteins associated with 36S virus RNA from Vero cells infected with San Miguel sea lion virus, type 2 (SMSV-2), were labelled with 125I. One protein, VPg, remained linked to RNA when subjected to deproteinization techniques. VPg labelled wtih 32P was observed on 36S RNA from purified virions; the quantity of label was compatible with two phosphates per genome. The estimated mol. wt. of SMSV-2 VPg was 15 000. PMID- 7365465 TI - Relation between the neutralization of herpesvirus of turkeys and the antibody to late-appearing membrane antigen induced by the virus. AB - The relation between the neutralization of herpesvirus of turkeys HVT) and the antibodies to early appearing membrane antigen (EMA), late appearing membrane antigen (LMA) and intracellular antigen (IA) induced by the virus was examined by blocking of direct immunofluorescence using 38 sera from chickens infected with HVT. Our results provide evidence that anti-LMA is significant in the neutralization of the infectivity (P less than 0.001) since the neutralizing capacity of the serum was related to its blocking index (BI) and not to its anti EMA titre (BI). Furthermore, the anti-IA titres (BI) of the sera were also related to their neutralizing activity to a lesser extent (P less than 0.025). However, no relationships among any two of the titres of EMA, LMA and IA were observed. The implication of these results of the relationship of LMA to infectious virus particles is discussed. PMID- 7365466 TI - Biochemical studies on early cell surface antigen induced by vaccinia and cowpox viruses. AB - The early cell surface antigen (ECSA) induced by vaccinia or cowpox virus infection was analysed by immunoprecipitation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), The components with a mol. wt. of about 40 000 (40 K) in vaccinia virus-infected cells and with a mol. wt. of about 43 000 (43 K) in cowpox virus-infected cells were specifically immunoprecipitated with anti-ECSA serum prepared by immunizing rabbits with rabbit kidney cells infected with a conditional lethal mutant. The 40 K and 43 K polypeptides were synthesized even in the presence of cytosine-I-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-HCl (Ara C) and were detectable even in the cells pulse-labelled between I and 2 h p.i. PMID- 7365467 TI - Studies on the poxvirus Cotia. AB - The poxvirus Cotia was studied by electron microscopy and by serological and biochemical analyses. Thin-sectioned preparations of infected Vero cells indicated that Cotia virus morphogenesis was similar to other mammalian poxviruses; unique filamentous structures and inclusion matrices were apparent in the cytoplasm. Complement fixation tests that included purified Cotia virions showed a reciprocal cross-reaction with rabbit myxoma virus and no cross-reaction with vaccinia virus. Serological results coupled with gradient polyacrylamide gel electropherograms of the structural proteins of purified Cotia, vaccinia, myxoma and fibroma viruses suggested that Cotia virus was similar to the latter two viruses. Agarose gel electropherograms of cleavage fragments of each of these virus DNAs digested with three separate restriction endonucleases showed that each of these viruses had a unique DNA gel profile. PMID- 7365468 TI - Effect of ribavirin on the replication of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in fish cell cultures. AB - Ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) at concentrations of 10 microgram/ml or more, inhibited the replication of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in both Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) and rainbow trout gonad (RTG-2) cells. The drug was most effective when added just before or within 8 h p.i. Incorporation studies with radioactive precursors demonstrated that ribavirin suppressed cellular DNA and RNA synthesis within 2 to 3 h after addition of the drug. The inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis and the antiviral activity was gradually reversed within 3 to 5 days after removal of the drug from the infected cells. Polyacrylamide slab-gel electrophoresis combined with fluorography revealed that: (i) 0.5 microgram/ml actinomycin D sufficiently inhibited host cell RNA synthesis thereby enabling the study of virus-specific RNA synthesis in infected cells and (ii) ribavirin inhibited the synthesis of all three virus RNA forms: the transcription intermediate, virus mRNA and progeny dsRNA. PMID- 7365469 TI - Identification of a virus-specified protein in the nucleus of vaccinia virus infected cells. AB - A new protein has been detected in the nuclei of vaccinia virus-infected cells. This protein has an apparent mol. wt. of 28000 (VP28) on SDS--polyacrylamide gels and has been detected in Triton X-100-treated nuclei of infected BSC-40, L-929 and CVC cells. Within the infected cells, VP 28 was synthesized maximally at 1 to 2 h p.i. in the cytoplasm and accumulated in the nuclei at 4 to 5 h p.i. The appearance of VP28 was not affected by cytosine arabinoside (25 microgram/ml), an inhibitor of virus DNA synthesis, or rifampicin (100 microgram/ml), an inhibitor of vaccinia assembly, but was inhibited by irradiation of the infecting virions; thus classifying it as an early vaccinia virus gene product. Nuclear--cytoplasmic mixing experiments suggested that the nuclear location of VP28 was not an artefact of the cell fractionation techniques employed. VP28 did not appear to be phosphorylated. PMID- 7365470 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of two forms of cytoplasmic nucleocapsids from measles virus-infected cells. AB - Two species of measles virus nucleocapsids with distinct buoyant densities were isolated from infected AV3 cell homogenates by isopycnic CsCl gradient centrifugation. The more buoyant or 'light' form of the nucleocapsid had a density of 1.26 to 1.28 g/ml, whereas the less buoyant or 'heavy' nucleocapsid species had a density of 1.30 g/ml. Analysis of the two nucleocapsid species by SDS--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that both forms possessed two phosphorylated polypeptides with mol. wt. of 69000 and 60000. The heavy form of nucleocapsid consisted solely of these two polypeptide species, while the light form of nucleocapsid had two additional associated polypeptides (VP4, mol.wt. 52000, and 45K, mol. wt. 45000). Ultrastructural and immunofluorescent studies suggest that the two isolated capsid forms represent the two morphologically distinct capsid species observed in vivo. This paper discusses the possible relationship between the two capsid forms and assembly of the virus. PMID- 7365471 TI - Quantification of influenza virus messenger RNAs. AB - The amounts of specific influenza virus cRNAs present on polyribosomes of cells treated with cycloheximide at various times after infection were measured by quantitative hybridization with 125I-labelled virus RNA segments. All species of cRNA were found associated with polyribosomes at every time point analysed. The relative abundance of the specific RNAs was in the same order as the reported relative synthesis of the influenza virus proteins. However, the concentrations of the cRNAs spanned a considerably smaller range than published protein synthetic rates, suggesting that both transcriptional and translational controls operate to regulate the final levels of influenza virus polypeptide synthesis. PMID- 7365472 TI - Productive and abortive infection of L cells by fowl plague virus (FPV): comparison of in vivo and in vitro translation products of the virus mRNAs. AB - The abortive infection of L cells by the Dobson strain of fowl plague virus (FPV) and the productive infection by a mammalian cell-adapted mutant have been compared. The mRNA population during the abortive cycle is characterized by a lower production compared to the productive system of mRNA 7 (which codes for the M polypeptide) early in the cycle, and a lower production of mRNAs 4, 6 and 7 (which code for HA, NA and M) late in the cycle. Differences in the amounts of the corresponding polypeptides can also be detected when these mRNA populations are used to programme a wheat germ cell-free system. However, analysis of the polypeptides synthesized in vivo by the two viruses show that equivalent amounts of all virus polypeptides are synthesized during the productive and the abortive cycles. Possible reasons for differences between in vivo and in vitro translation of the virus mRNAs during the abortive cycle are discussed. PMID- 7365473 TI - Changes in protein-bound oligomannosyl type glycans during Semliki Forest virus maturation. AB - Labelled oligomannosyl type glycans of E2 protein of Semliki Forest virus were liberated by treatment with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, as well as by hydrazinolysis and analysed by paper chromatography. The protein-bound virus oligosaccharides were a mixture of Man7GlcNAc2, Man6GlcNAc2 and Man5GlcNAc2, and Man8GlcNAc2 also appeared to be present. P62 protein, the direct precursor of E2, was labelled by supplying infected BHK cells with 2-3H-mannose for 5 min. The oligomannosyl glycans of the P62 proteins formed were about two monosaccharide units larger than those of the mature virus E2 proteins. PMID- 7365475 TI - Children's location of a point in space: effects of dimensionality and salience of frame of reference. PMID- 7365474 TI - Locus of control and father loss. PMID- 7365476 TI - Probability learning and aging. AB - The performance of 48 young (ages 18--20) and 48 old (mean age = 78) adult Ss was studied in a probability learning task which used different reinforcement procedures and material rewards. In the course of learning, the noncorrection procedure was associated with a greater tendency to choose the majority stimulus than was the correction procedure, but this difference was not maintained. All Ss chose the majority stimulus less often than did rats despite the fact that the experimental procedure was based on that used in animal experiments. An interaction effect was found between age level and sex, such that the young women and the old men chose the majority stimulus more than the young men and old women, respectively. It was suggested that the results could imply an increase in rigidity and cautiousness with age in men and a decrease in these qualities with age in women. This suggestion was shown to be consistent with findings reported by other psychologists showing sex differences in personality change associated with aging. PMID- 7365477 TI - Role-taking, moral development, and mental retardation. AB - Role-taking ability and level of moral development were measured in three groups of boys and girls including 16 moderately retarded adolescents (mean chronological age 15; mean mental age 9), 16 nonretarded adolescents matched for chronological age, and 16 nonretarded children matched for mental age. The mentally retarded adolescents scored significantly lower on role-taking ability and moral development than the adolescents matched for chronological age. They did not differ from children of their same mental age in role-taking ability; and they tended to score lower in moral development. The results supplied qualified support for Kohlberg's theory of moral development. PMID- 7365478 TI - The resolution of the Latah paradox. AB - Latah is a culture-bound syndrome from Malaysia and Indonesia. Persons exhibiting the Latah syndrome respond to minimal stimuli with exaggerated startles, often exclaimning normally inhibited sexually denotative words. Sometimes Latahs after being startled obey the commands or imitate the actions of persons about them. Most episodes of Latah are intentionally provoked for the amusement of onlookers. Similar sets of interactive behaviors have been reported from genetically and culturally unrelated populations (e.g., Bantu, Ainu, and French Canadians). Since competent anthropological investigators have shown Latah to be intimately tied to specific factors in the cultural systems of the Southeast Asian societies in which it is found, its occurrence elswhere has been considered paradoxical. New data, including films and videotapes of hyperstartling persons from Malaysia, the Philippines, Japan, and the United States, suggest a model capable of resolving the apparent paradox by showing how the various forms of latah are culture specific exploitations of a neurophysiological potential shared by humans and other mammals. Latah provides an especially revealing example of the complex ways in which neurophysiological, experiential, and cultural variables interact to produce a strongly marked and phenomenon. PMID- 7365480 TI - The persistence of electroconvulsive therapy-induced changes in the electroencephalogram. AB - The literature concerning the effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) upon the EEG is reviewed with respect to the degree and persistence of abnormalities. The most common electrophysiological dysfunction consists of generalized regular and irregular slow wave activity. This slowing typically disappears by a few weeks to a few months following completion of the ECT course but in rare cases may persists for longer periods. Patients given large numbers of ECT treatments tend to show more prolonged alterations. Possible correlations of these EEG changes with a variety of parameters are discussed. PMID- 7365479 TI - Chronographic speech patterns of acutely psychotic patients. A preliminary note. AB - This study was a preliminary attempt to explore the likelihood that, for psychiatric patients, amount of vocal activity (relative to silence) reflects degree of psychopathology and change with treatment. Five acute schizophrenic patients (two men and three women) were each seen in three interviews by one of two interviewers. After each interview, the interviewer evaluated the extent of his patient's pathology in terms of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and he and the patient separately completed a questionnaire designed to elicit their perceptions of the interview. The results reveal that the relative amounts of the patients' vocal activity were negatively related to the interviewers' ratings of their general level of psychopathology and were also related to several aspects of their perceptions and the interviewers' perceptions of the interview. However, the number of interviews per patient was too few to permit an evaluation of treatment effects. PMID- 7365481 TI - Visual selectivity in schizophrenia. AB - Further information concerning the nature of selective attention processes in schizophrenia was sought by examining selectivity in the region corresponding to the normal stationary visual field. Acute schizophrenic, chronic schizophrenic, and neurotic subjects were required to discriminate pairs of vertical columns of dots that varied in confusion value and in display angle. The results indicated that chronic subjects were only able to process low confusion peripheral stimuli within a narrow display angle of 12 degrees. Accurate discrimination of high confusion stimuli was limited among chronics to a display angle of 2 degrees. Acute schizophrenics were able to discriminate peripheral stimuli to 25 degrees. Although the performance of neurotic subjects was significantly better than that of chronic subjects, accurate discrimination of high confusion stimuli for neurotic subjects was limited to a display angle of 12 degrees. Differences in performance topography were attributed to the use of different selective strategies. The spatial extensity within which more efficient grouping strategies were used was apparently constricted for chronic schizophrenics and extended for acute schizophrenics relative to neurotic controls. PMID- 7365483 TI - Hemispheric dysfunctioning in schizophrenia. AB - Reinterpretation of old data (J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 164:247-252, 1977), which showed greater right ear superiority effects for schizophrenic patients than for normal controls in dichotic listening, lends support to the assumption of left hemisphere overactivation among schizophrenics. This overactivation seems to be more pronounced among paranoid than among nonparanoid schizophrenics. PMID- 7365482 TI - Neuropsychological factors related to employability and occupational status in persons with epilepsy. AB - The relationship between neuropsychological abilities and employment and occupational status was examined in 108 epilepsy patients. The performances of each subject on a wide range of neuropsychological measures were grouped into six conceptually meaningful ability categories. Highly significant differences were obtained between groups of patients with epilepsy differing in employment status and occupational status across both the range of individual measures and the composite neuropsychological ability areas utilized. The relative importance of the six ability scores was then examined with respect to employment status and occupational status. The results suggest that generalized neuropsychological dysfunction characterizes groups of persons who are unemployed and/or who have held low occupational level jobs. Within this context of general impairment, however, memory and alertness and flexibility in thinking appear to be relatively important abilities with respect to these general employment variables. Implications of the results for vocational and rehabilitation efforts were discussed. PMID- 7365484 TI - Physical attacks on psychiatric residents by patients. AB - Thirty-one psychiatric residents at Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center were interviewed to ascertain whether they had been attacked by patients, and if so, under what conditions. Forty-eight per cent reported having been attacked, and most believed an incident frustrating to the patient triggered the attack. Personality characteristics of the residents were related to their being attacked, in that residents who scored high on an interview scale that measured a resident's level of irritability were more likely to be attacked. Implications of the findings are briefly discussed. PMID- 7365485 TI - Compulsive water drinking treated with high dose propranolol. AB - A patient with recurrent, life-threatening water intoxication secondary to compulsive water drinking is described. This patient responded well to nearly 1 g of propranolol daily with a decrease in her drinking behavior, reduced sensation of thirst, and a reduction in her delusional thinking. The rationale for the choice of propranolol with this patient is reviewed. PMID- 7365486 TI - The reality of death experiences. A personal perspective. AB - In recent years, there has been a marked increase in reports of the subjective experience of individuals in severe life-threatening circumstances. These have been used to suggest that scientific facts are now in agreement with religious beliefs as to the survival of the personality after physical death. This paper presents a personal death experience viewed by the author as a "subjective reality". This is contrasted with "shared subjective reality," i.e., commonly held beliefs among groups of individuals which do not necessarily lend themselves to scientific verification and scientifically derived objective reality. Subjectively real death experiences are regarded as corollary to a toxic psychosis. The content of the psychosis, which is not under voluntary control, determines the subjective experience of having entered either heaven or hell. PMID- 7365487 TI - Commentary on "The reality of death experiences: a personal perspective" by Ernst Rodin. PMID- 7365488 TI - Commentary on "The reality of death experiences" by Ernst Rodin. PMID- 7365489 TI - Comments germane to the paper entitled "The reality of death experiences" by Ernst Rodin. PMID- 7365490 TI - Comments on "The reality of death experiences: a personal perspective". PMID- 7365491 TI - Commentary on "The reality of death experiences: a personal perspective" by Ernst A. Rodin. PMID- 7365492 TI - When a psychiatrist dies. AB - The reactions of patients to the sudden and unexpected death of their psychiatrist are presented. Grief and mourning responses generally followed expected patterns and included denial, feelings of abandonment, anger, and eventual acceptance. An unexpected intensity of smoldering anger and resentment of patients' relatives and close friends toward the deceased psychiatrist was not openly expressed, especially when the patient's grief reaction was intense or prolonged. The author's response and his unique grief reaction are also discussed. Although the grief reaction of psychiatrist patients is the focus of the article, the implications for all physicians seem clear. Suggestions are offered as to the role medical societies and specialty organizations might play in counseling patients faced with a similar crisis. PMID- 7365494 TI - Halstead-Reitan Category Test in bipolar and unipolar affective disorders. Relationship to age and phase of illness. AB - Unipolar and bipolar affectively disturbed patients were administered the Halstead-Reitan category test when in an unmedicated acutely depressed phase and during recovery. Controls consisted of normal volunteers and spouses. Spouse controls were tested at intervals similar to those of the patients and were utilized to control for age, sex, education, and socioeconomic status. Results showed that depressives in the acute depressed state made significantly more errors did controls. Older bipolar patients made significantly more errors than did controls. Older bipolar patients made significantly more errors than younger bipolar or younger unipolar patients. In the recovered state the order remained the same. In spite of a decrease in error scores the older bipolar group remained in the abnormal range, whereas the younger groups scored in the normal range with few exceptions. These data suggest that impaired cognitive functioning may be a factor in the disability associated with the major affective disorders in addition to the distorted affective component usually emphasized. Furthermore, in the case of older bipolar patients, the deficit is more severe and may persist beyond the disappearance of affective signs, suggesting that factors associated with age may play an important role in conjunction with other factors associated with bipolar illness. PMID- 7365493 TI - Equity and the psychiatric care of the black patient, 1950 to 1975. AB - The psychiatric treatment of the black patient in a Northeastern industrial region in 1975 is compared with the treatment patterns existing for black patients in 1950. This survey is part of the Trends in Mental Health Project, which is a 25-year follow-up of certain aspects of Hollingshead and Redlich's 1950 study, Social Class and Mental Illness (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1958). This survey reveals that black patients in 1975, as compared to 1950, continued to utilize almost exclusively the state hospital for inpatient care. In addition, in 1975, black patients were receiving previously nonexistent outpatient services at the regional community mental health center. They were primarily found in treatment at this latter facility on units characterized by low intervention treatment and semi- and nonprofessional staff. Manpower findings reveal that few black clinicians existed except on the nonprofessional level. Finally, a concept of equity is applied to the survey results in order to raise important social policy issues. PMID- 7365495 TI - Cognitive impairment associated with morphological brain abnormalities on computed tomography in chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - The Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB), including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, was administered to 15 young chronic schizophrenic patients in an attempt to identify blindly those patients with evidence of morphological brain abnormalities on prior computed tomography (CT). The CT scan status of 12 of 15 (80 per cent) patients was correctly identified solely on the basis of neuropsychological testing. These results supported our hypothesis that impairment on the HRB in chronic schizophrenic patients was associated with morphological abnormalities on the CT scan, and that the positive and negative CT scans of these patients could be predicted accurately. PMID- 7365496 TI - Sex role-related countertransference revisited. A partial extension. AB - We attempted to extend two findings obtained at private university clinics to a heterogeneous community outpatient population: an under-representation of male patients in the case loads of beginning female therapists and longer treatment of female patients by beginning male therapists. Data from professional and preprofessional psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers partially replicated the first finding but not the second. The results thus leave open the question of subtle sex role-related countertransference in a large urban community mental health setting. PMID- 7365497 TI - Low dose perphenazine and levodopa/carbidopa therapy in a patient with Parkinsonism and a psychotic illness. AB - Psychological morbidity is a common consequence of both Parkinson's disease and its treatment with antiparkinsonian agents. The authors describe an unusual case of a patient with Parkinson's disease and a psychosis who was treated with levodopa/carbidopa and very low dose perphenazine. The case raises the issue whether patients with profound psychological reactions to antiparkinson agents may be maintained on antiparkinsonian therapy by the addition of phenothiazines. PMID- 7365498 TI - Beriberi neuropathy. Morphometric study of sural nerve. AB - Seven biopsied sural nerves from patients with beriberi were morphometrically evaluated. In teased fiber analysis the mean frequency of myelinated fibers showing axonal degeneration and segmental demyelination was 37.5 and 5.3%, respectively. In two cases with frequency of segmental demyelination higher than 5%, segmental demyelination was shown by statistical criteria to have occurred on certain fibers in a clustered fashion. Therefore, the segmental demyelination in beriberi may be secondary to axonal degeneration. Electromyographic findings and slow improvement of muscle weakness were compatible with axonal degeneration of motor fibers. Determinations of fiber densities revealed preferential decrease of the density of large myelinated fibers with the preservation of the density of small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. The preferential nerve fiber involvement in beriberi was not associated with pain in the lower limbs and this fact is contrary to the expectation of the proponents of the gate control theory. PMID- 7365500 TI - Mechanisms of muscular hypertrophy. AB - The effects of synergist tenotomy have been studied on rat soleus muscles after denervation and after interference with sciatic axoplasmic flow with colchicine. The results suggest that neural, as well as muscular, factors cause compensatory hypertrophy (CH) of soleus. The myogenic factor may be mild depolarization of the muscle membranes by passive stretch, as a result of which Ca++ ions enter and stimulate metabolism. PMID- 7365499 TI - Familial mitochondrial myopathy with cataract. AB - A 62-year-old female had severe progressive ophthalmoplegia associated with facial, pharyngeal and limb muscle involvement. When 40, she had undergone surgery for bilateral cataract present for about 20 years. Biopsies of skeletal muscles indicated myopathy; histochemistry and electron microscopy gave evidence of abnormal mitochondria in type I fibres. Bilateral cataract needing surgical treatment at 32 was the prominent symptom in her daughter, then with only mild facial weakness. Despite absence of ophthalmoplegia, similar pathological changes were observed in an inferior oblique muscle. The child of the former, a 10-year old clinically healthy boy, had been surgically treated for a bilateral cataract at the age of 3. As indicated by a review of literature, cataract is not an exceptional occurrence in this particular type of ocular myopathy and therefore should be included within its multisystem associations. The same HLA haplotype (A2-B21) was found in the three patients. PMID- 7365501 TI - The use of the auditory evoked potential in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. AB - Auditory evoked potentials, both early and middle components, were recorded from 227 patients with a variety of conditions including multiple sclerosis, brain stem vascular disease, intracranial tumours and Arnold-Chiari malformation. Abnormalities were found in a substantial proportion of patients with definite multiple sclerosis and a smaller proportion of those in the less definite clinical categories of this condition. There was a high correlation between clinical evidence of brain stem involvement and an abnormal auditory evoked potential in multiple sclerosis. Abnormalities were also found in a few patients presenting with an isolated episode of central nervous system dysfunction involving the brain stem. The auditory evoked potential was abnormal in other patients with known diagnoses including half of those with Arnold-Chiari malformation. Tumours involving the brain stem caused abnormalities of the brain stem evoked potentials in some cases and more frequently distortion of the middle components. The specificity of these auditory evoked potential abnormalities to multiple slcerosis is discussed. PMID- 7365502 TI - New phenotypic variant of adrenoleukodystrophy. Pathologic, ultrastructural, and biochemical study in two brothers. AB - Adrenoleukodystrophy is not usually considered in the differential diagnosis of the infantile onset of failure to thrive with motor and intellectual retardation. Rather, symptoms have started in childhood and have progressed over some years; not all patients have had overt adrenocortical insufficiency. The two brothers reported here developed symptoms in the neonatal period. In each the nature of the primary cerebral disorder was not recognized, because other etiologic factors clouded the diagnostic studies. In the younger brother, Case 1, a high titer (1:256) for cytomegalovirus (CMV) led to the suspicion that CMV infection accounted for the neurologic and ophthalmologic findings. Progressive neurologic deterioration at the age of 6 years prompted brain biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of progressive CMV encephalitis. In the older brother, Case 2, hemogenic hydrocephalus due to traumatic birth injury was held responsible for the psychomotor retardation and cerebral palsy. At necropsy, the adrenal glands in both cases were severly atrophic. In Case 1, a markedly inflammatory leukodystrophic process affected chiefly the frontal centra semiovalia and internal capsules, with relative sparing of parieto-occipital white matter and subcortical U-fibers. Heavy lymphocyte and monocyte cuffs surrounded many blood vessels in the white matter, and oil-red-O and PAS-positive macrophages were scattered in the zones of myelin disintegration and loss. Focally, the leukodystrophic process was so intense that cavitation necrosis was present, especially in the internal capsules. Further, PAS-positive, striated macrophages were aggregated in large clusters in liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. At the ultrastructural level, linear and gently arced, parallel, coapted or widely separated leaflets measuring 3-4 nm in width were identified in macrophages of the brain biopsy and in autopsy liver and lymph node. Biochemical analysis of fresh, frozen autopsy brain demonstrated cholesterol esters with long-chain fatty acids by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. In Case 2, the leukodystrophic process could be readily identified in the brainstem and cerebellum but was masked in the cerebral hemispheres by the extensive hydrocephalus. The adrenal glands were atrophic and at light microscopy revealed adenomatoid nodules, many ballooned coritcal cells and very rare cells with striated cytoplasm. Masses of PAS-positive macrophages were encountered in liver and lymph nodes. In both cases, only old Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tracts was found in the spinal cord. PMID- 7365503 TI - Plasma catecholamine concentrations associated with cerebral vasospasm. AB - Plasma concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline were measured sequentially over the immediate post-operative period following clipping of an intracranial aneurysm in 11 patients. Those patients who developed local cerebral vasospasm showed a sustained rise in plasma catecholamines, particularly noradrenaline, whilst those patients who developed generalised cerebral vasospasm showed early peaks of very high concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline which preceded radiological evidence of generalized vasospam. PMID- 7365504 TI - A possible mechanism of phenotypic expression of normal and dystrophic genomes on succinic dehydrogenase activity and fiber size within a single myofiber of muscle transplants. AB - Muscle transplantation was used to evaluate the ability of normal and dystrophic chickens to support regeneration of both normal and dystrophic muscle fragments. Pectoralis muscles were grafted into the site of the biceps muscle of host chickens. Identification of dystrophic characteristics of intact and regenerating muscle fibers was made by cytochemical analysis of mitochondrial succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and by fiber size. In the biceps muscle of dystrophic chicks at 40 days ex ovo, the mean size of muscle fibers with low activity of SDH and fibers with high SDH activity was 29.0 +/- 5.9 micrometers and 42.0 +/- 10.4 micrometers, respectively. The mean size of normal muscle fibers was notably smaller than in dystrophic muscle and was 17.8 + 3.1 micrometers. The hypertrophy of fibers coupled with elevation of SDH activity tended to increase with age. Transplants were examined at 56 days postoperatively. The results of cross transplantation between normal and dystrophic genotypes were similar to unoperated muscles in the correlation between SDH activity and fiber size. Donor muscles determined the type of myofibers regenerated in transplants regardless of whether the host was normal or dystrophic. In addition, combined transplantation was attempted to produce a single hybrid myofiber in which normal and dystrophic pectoralis muscle were mixed in equal volume. The mixtures were then allowed to regenerate in host chicks. A number of mosaic myofibers appeared in transplants and had regional differences in SDH activity along their length. It was concluded that: (1) The characteristics of high SDH activity and fiber hypertrophy are an expression of dystrophic nuclei, (2) combined transplantation of both normal and dystrophic muscle fragments can produce mosaic myofibers in SDH reaction; and (3) the local control of SDH activity and fiber size within nuclear territories in mosaic myofibers seems likely to be due to phenotypic expression of either normal or dystrophic genomes. PMID- 7365505 TI - S100-glia regulation of GABA transport across the nerve cell membrane. AB - A technique has been devised to isolate and prepare fresh nerve cell plasma membranes in order to study the transport of biologically active substances across the membrane and in the two opposite directions. The membrane is placed tightly over a 30-micrometer diameter hole in a thin glass plate forming a partition between two compartments of a micro-chamber made from silicon rubber. The plasma membrane is usually placed with the outer surface facing the upper compartment. We have studied the transport of labeled GABA across the plasma membrane of Deiters' nerve cells and the effect of the brain-specific protein S 100 in its calcium form on this process. 100 nl samples were separated by thin layer chromatography and each sample analyzed by an instrument especially made for low level 3H- and 14C-measurements. The S-100, Ca2+ protein significantly increased the GABA transport across the nerve cell membrane by maximally 25% and against a gradient. The kinetics of the transport process, and inhibition by 2-4 diaminobutyric acid, furthermore supported the conclusion that the S-100, Ca2+ stimulated GABA transport was an active process. When a thin layer of the nerve cell's S-100-synthesizing glia was placed in contact with the plasma membrane - as in the vivo situation - the stimulation of GABA transport was abrogated. The S 100, Ca2+ protein, if absorbed on the nerve cell membrane, stimulates GABA transport across the membrane. This phenomenon seems to be regulated by the glia which cover all parts of the plasma membrane except the post-synaptic areas. PMID- 7365506 TI - Neurophysiological study of subacute combined degeneration. AB - Three patients with subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord due to vitamin B12 deficiency showed a characteristic pattern of abnormalities on neurophysiological tests which corresponded to the clinical signs and symptoms. Peripheral nerve conduction studies showed an axonal degeneration peripheral neuropathy. Brain stem auditory evoked responses were normal; visual evoked responses were mildly abnormal and somatosensory evoked responses were moderately abnormal. These studies shed light on the pathology of this disorder and can aid in its diagnosis. PMID- 7365507 TI - Hereditary distal spinal muscular atrophy. A report on 34 cases and a review of the literature. AB - A description is given of 34 patients with the distal form of hereditary spinal muscular atrophy. This disorder constitutes one form of "peroneal muscular atrophy". It resembles types I and II hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy but differs from them in displaying less upper limb weakness, relative preservation of the tendon reflexes and an entirely normal clinical sensory examination. Motor nerve conduction velocity and sensory nerve action potentials are normal. Previous reports of this disorder are reviewed and compared with the present series. PMID- 7365508 TI - The Hoffmann reflex of the soleus muscle. A study in leprosy. AB - The H reflex of the soleus muscle was used to investigate the monosynaptic reflex arc of two groups of leprosy patients compared with a similar group of normal subjects. The H reflex recordings show two abnormalities: (1) An increase in the latency of the reflex without difference between lepromatous and borderline patients. (2) A decrease of the Hmax:Mmax amplitude ratio more pronounced in the lepromatous group. The discrepancy between these results and the commonly described preservation of the deep tendon reflexes in leprosy is discussed and the hypothesis that leprosy neuropathy would affect all nerve trunks related to blood vessel changes in suggested. PMID- 7365509 TI - Myelin and glial membrane structures in the optic nerve of normal and jimpy mouse. A freeze-etching study. AB - In order to investigate the myelin and the glial cell membranes in the optic nerve of the mutant mouse "Jimpy," the method of freeze-etching was applied. The compact myelin lamellae and the first two glial membranes of the mutant, as compared to the normal mouse, show several abnormalities: absence of intramembraneous particles on the P-face, myelin lamellae separated by cytoplasmic layers, vesicular protrusions forming irregular invaginations, and elevations and tight junctions with a discontinuous, zigzag course. Some of these characteristics were found in the membrane of the oligodendroglia cell of the pathological animal, as well. The astrocytic membranes of both normal and Jimpy mice contain two types of gap junctions. The occurrence of one type seems to be increased in the mutant. Freeze-fractured internodal regions of the axolemma are not significantly different from those of normal animals. PMID- 7365510 TI - Electron microscopic study of capillary wall in human cerebral edema. AB - Cortical biopsies of 17 patients with diagnoses of congenital malformation, cerebral tumor or brain trauma complicated by subdural hematoma or hygroma were studied with the electron microscope; the alterations of the blood-brain barrier in moderate and severe perifocal cerebral edema were observed. Moderate edema was found associated with central nervous system malformations, while severe edema was seen accompanying brain tumors and serious head injuries. The peripheral cytoplasm of endothelial cells displayed increased formation of microvilli and clear or amorphous electron-dense vacuoles, as well as pinocytotic and coated vesicles. In severe edema, the formation of elongated or chained vacuoles forming transendothelial channels was observed. In moderate edema, endothelial junctions exhibited a tortuous pathway, with a luminal portion sealed by tight junctions and dilated, open, basal portions ending at the basement membrane. In severe edema, the zonulae accludentes partially disappeared and the endothelial junction basal segments became irregularly dilated. The basement membrane showed enlargement, rarefaction, vacuolization, and the presence of collagen fibers. Fine expansion of the basement membrane was distinguished, showing matrix loss and clear, irregularly-dilated channels. Capillaries with reduplicated basement membrane were also observed. The pericytes exhibited edema, vacuolization, and phagocytic activity. In moderate cerebral edema, the clear or dense edematous and vacuolated perivascular end-feet of astrocytes appeared closely applied to the basement membrane, while in severe cerebral edema, they were separated from the basement membrane and showed gradual disappearance of the gap junctions. In all cases, moderately or markedly dilated extracellular spaces were observed in the pericapillary neuropil. PMID- 7365511 TI - Granulomatous interstitial pneumonia in a miniature swine associated with repeated intravenous injections of Tc-99m human serum albumin: concise communication. AB - Albumin lung-scanning agents have a proven high degree of safety, with the only contraindication to their use being allergic hypersensitivity. We have used these agents to investigate the physiologic effects of high Gz acceleratory forces on pulmonary perfusion using the miniature swine. Multiple doses of human macroaggregated albumin and human-albumin microspheres were given to a miniature swine at various levels of centrifugal acceleration over a 6-wk period. The dosages given were the same per kilogram as those used for routine clinical human studies. The animal subsequently died from a severe granulomatous interstitial pneumonia. The granulomatous lesions suggest that the pathogenesis may have involved a cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity. This interstitial pneumonia may represent the end point in a chronic hypersensitivity response to the human albumin lung-scanning agents. PMID- 7365512 TI - The deltoid tuberosity--a potential pitfall (the "delta sign") in bone-scan interpretation: concise communication. AB - Evaluation of 100 consecutive technetium methylene diphosphonate bone scintiscans revealed, in seven patients, increased uptake in the upper third of the humeral shaft. Comparison with the radiographs revealed that this corresponded to the presence of a prominent deltoid tuberosity. Though this uptake (the delta sign) is not a common finding, its recognition is important to prevent bone-scan misinterpretations. PMID- 7365513 TI - Significance of bone-marrow scintigraphy in aplastic anemia: concise communication. AB - Tc-99m colloid and In-111 transferrin were used in a semiquantitative scintigraphic study of bone-marrow activity in 76 patients with aplastic anemia, the majority of which were severe cases. The results are compared with other known prognostic parameters and with a predictive index formulated from a prior multi-parametric analysis performed in 352 cases. In 47 cases parallel abnormality of Tc and In uptakes was noted and was well correlated with other prognostic factors. Indium uptake is apparently a good indicator of the severity of aplasia; extension of active erythroid tissue, demonstrated with this method, is correlated with prognosis. In nine cases, excessive In uptake is explained by dyserythropoiesis associated with granulo- and thrombocytopenia (Fanconi's anemia in most cases). In 20 of our patients, TcSC uptake was excessive compared with that of In and with other prognostic factors. Statistically, this phenomenon carries an unfavorable prognosis but its physiological meaning remains to be defined. PMID- 7365514 TI - Radionuclide cinepneumography: flow-volume imaging of the respiratory cycle. AB - A procedure is described that generates a series of images spanning an average respiratory cycle. Images are constructed from scintigraphic data with similar respiratory flow and volume characteristics so that they may be displayed in continuous-loop movie format. This technique is noninvasive and requires little patient cooperation or technologist time. It should be most useful in investigations of dynamic pulmonary function, but may be applied to any radionuclide study affected by respiratory motion. PMID- 7365516 TI - Sequential scintiangiography of the hepato-splenic system of xiphopagus conjoined twins. AB - Scintiangiography of xiphopagus conjoined twins following sequential i.v. injection of Tc-99m sulfur colloid revealed the size, configuration, and anatomic point of fusion of the twins' common liver prior to surgery. Cross circulation was determined to be non-significant by this approach. The technique is presented, compared to other methods, and the benefit of sequential hepatic scintiangiography for xiphopagus conjoined twins is reviewed. PMID- 7365515 TI - Measurement method for radioactive thyroxine, triiodothyronine, iodide, and iodoprotein in samples with low activity. AB - A method is described that incorporates resin extraction and thin layer chromatography to isolate and separate radioiodinated thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), iodoprotein, and iodide in samples of human plasma up to 3 ml. Tracer studies using this method showed that reverse T3 and 3',5' diiodothyronine (T2), as well as T4, were detected in the "T4 fraction," and that 3-3' T2 and 3' monoiodothyronine, as well as T3, were detected in the "T3 fraction." Monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine (DIT) migrated more slowly than did T4 on the chromatogram, and a large amount of DIT was in the unextracted "iodoprotein fraction." Kinetic studies in 14 normal subjects given intravenous commercial [125I]T3 (T3*) and [131I]T4 (T4*), confirmed the quantitative importance of an iodoprotein in later samples after T3* administration, and its presence after T4*. T4* contamination of commercial T3* also became quantitatively important. On the other hand, despite confirmation of in vivo conversion of T4* to T3*, T3* contributed little quantitatively to the total concentration of radioactivity present even late after T4* injection, due to the more rapid turnover and greater distribution volume of T3*. PMID- 7365517 TI - Tellurium- 123m-labeled 23-(isopropyl telluro)-24-nor-5 alpha-cholan-3 beta-ol: a new potential adrenal imaging agent. AB - Tellurium-123m-labeled 23-(isopropyl telluro)-24-nor-5 alpha-cholan-3 beta-ol (24 telluracholestanol, or 23-ITC) has been prepared as a potential adrenal-imaging agent. The new agent was synthesized by the coupling of 3 beta-acetoxy-23-bromo 24-nor-5 alpha-cholan with Te-123m-labeled sodium isopropyl tellurol. Tissue distribution experiments in both male and female rats indicate a high adrenal concentration of a radioactivity following administration of this agent. In female rats the adrenal glands accumulated 4.5% of the injected radioactivity only 1 day after administration of Te-123m-23-ITC. The adrenal-to-liver ratio was 42 after 1 day, and this increased to 100 after 3 days. Chromatographic analyses of lipid extracts from adrenal, ovary, liver, and lungs suggest that this agent is metabolized by these tissues. Examination of the rats' excretory products has indicated that approximately 50% of the administered radioactivity is excreted in the feces within 5 days after injection of Te-123m-23-ITC. Moreover, the adrenals and ovaries of rats have been clearly imaged with this agent, both with a rectilinear scanner and with an RC type of proportional-counter camera. PMID- 7365518 TI - The effect of structural modifications on the adrenal uptake of steroids labeled in the side chain with tellurium-123m. AB - A series of structurally modified steroids labeled in the side chain with Te-123m have been prepared and tested in rats to determine the critical structural features required for maximal adrenal uptake of this new class of potential adrenal-imaging agents. The Te-123m steroids investigated contained structural modifications of both the nucleus and side chain. Tissue distribution experiments and rectilinear scans indicated that 23-(isopropyl telluro)-24-nor-5 alpha-cholan 3 beta-ol (saturated nucleus), and 24-(isopropyl telluro)-chol-5-en-3 beta-ol (nuclear double bond) showed pronounced adrenal uptake after 1 day, with adrenal to-liver ratios of 41 and 27, respectively. These results indicate that a combination of structural features is required for significant adrenal uptake of steroids labeled in the side chain with Te-123m. The structural requirements include a trans ring structure, an equatorial C-3 hydroxyl group, and a 17 beta side chain of moderate length. PMID- 7365519 TI - Theoretical studies of image artifacts and counting losses for different photon fluence rates and pulse-height distributions in single-crystal NaI(T1) scintillation cameras. AB - Using computer simulations, we have developed a theoretical model to explain the correlation between counting losses and image artifacts in single-crystal NaI(T1) scintillation cameras. The theory, valid for scintillation cameras of the Anger type, is based on the physical properties of the NaI(T1) crystal. Based on a statistical model using random numbers, pulse trains of the light pulses from scintillations were simulated. Pulse-height distributions for different event rates were calculated, with various Compton distributions. Images of point sources and line sources were generated. Counting losses and image artifacts were dependent on the shape of the pulse-height distribution. The calculated counting losses decreased with larger Compton distributions, due to increasing numbers of pileup events in the energy window; this also caused severe image distortion. The improvement of the spatial resolution with pileup rejection was demonstrated. The theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental results obtained previously. It is concluded that, in modern cameras, the decay time of the scintillation determines the amount of pileup, and the resolving time of the electronics governs the count rates. The results indicate that in some modern cameras the limits of the count-rate capacity in Anger cameras may be reached. PMID- 7365520 TI - Absorbed doses of radiation after an intravenous injection of N-13 ammonia in man: concise communication. AB - Using body distribution data with the MIRD tables and equations, the radiation dose delivered by an i.v. injection of N-13 ammonia has been calculated for several human organs. The liver and the urinary bladder wall receive 0.017 and 0.051 rad/mCi injected respectively; the latter can be reduced by early post injection voiding. The brain-to-brain absorbed dose is 0.016 rad/mCi injected. The absorbed doses for the whole body, the red marrow, the ovaries, and the testes are, respectively, 0.0055, 0.0054, 0.0098, and 0.0010 rad/mCi injected. Severe liver disease is associated with a reduction in the fraction of the injected N-13 that is excreted in the urine, and thus causes a reduction in the absorbed dose to the urinary bladder wall from the bladder contents. Hepatomegaly increases the fraction of the N-13 ammonia trapped by the liver, and complicates calculation of the absorbed dose of radiation. These data should facilitate the evaluation of the risk from radiation absorption following i.v. injections of N 13 ammonia in humans. PMID- 7365521 TI - A survey of reducing agents for the synthesis of tetraphenylarsonium oxotechnetiumbis(ethanedithiolate) from [99Tc] pertechnetate in aqueous solution. AB - We have studied the effectiveness of various reducing agents in the production of the well-characterized complex [99TcO(SCH2CH2S)2]- from pertechnetate in aqueous solution. The reductants tested included sodium dithionite, hypophosphorous acid, formamidine sulfinic acid, dithiothreitol, hydrazine, and hydroxylamine. Of these, only sodium dithionite in the pH range 11--13 was found to give quantitative yields of the required technetium complex. PMID- 7365522 TI - Early brain images, an important definition. PMID- 7365523 TI - Accuracy requires precision: a comment on understanding and using statistics in nuclear medicine. PMID- 7365524 TI - Re: scintigraphic, electrocardiographic, and enzymatic diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction in patients undergoing myocardial vascularization. PMID- 7365525 TI - Cardiopulmonary flow studies show venous return from upper half of body passing directly to left atrium. PMID- 7365526 TI - Xenon ventilation studies: potential use in infants. PMID- 7365527 TI - The multi-organizational "umbrella". PMID- 7365528 TI - Re: thyroid carcinoma in an autonomously functioning nodule. PMID- 7365529 TI - Effects of dietary protein and EFA deficiency on liver delta 5, delta 6 and delta 9 desaturase activities in the early developing rat. AB - The influence of protein restriction and EFA deficiency during early development in the rat on the activities of delta 5, delta 6 and delta 9 desaturases was studied. The effect of these diets on body weights and in the fatty acid composition of liver phospholipids was also investigated. The results indicate that the body weights of pups were lowered by feeding the dams both the low protein and the EFA-deficient diet. The activities of delta 5, delta 6 and delta 9 desaturases were reduced in about 60% by protein deficiency but a rise in the activity of delta 9 desaturase of 362.2% was promoted by feeding the dams the low fat diet. The fatty acid composition of liver phospholipids indicates that partial deprivation of proteins during early development is associated with a decreased ratio of arachidonate to linoleate. Besides the low-fat group shows in the fatty acid composition of liver phospholipids the typical pattern of EFA deficiency, increased 18:1 and 20:3 omega 9 and decreased 18:2 and 20:4. It is evident from the current investigation that partial deprivation of protein during early development may impair the conversion of linoleate to arachidonate in the rat and that the lack of arachidonic acid observed in the liver cells during protein deficiency would be the consequence of this impairment. PMID- 7365530 TI - Effect of pregnancy, lactation and a high-fat diet on adipose tissue in Osborne Mendel rats. PMID- 7365531 TI - Possible metabolic implications of pyruvate and lactate accumulation in the liver of pregnant rats. AB - Experiments were designed to investigate whether the metabolic responses of pregnant females are in keeping with the known state of gestational hyperinsulinemia. Groups of female rats fed a 32% protein diet were killed on days 13, 15, 17, 19 and 21 of pregnancy, during either daytime or during night time. Liver pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were increased over nonpregnant values from day 13 onward in agreement with what can be expected as a result of the gestational hyperinsulinemia. Liver malate dehydrogenase (NADP) activity was increased to lesser extent and later. Pyruvate and lactate accumulated in maternal liver from day 13 onward. The fact that this accumulation could not be related to any further increase of food intake during this time and that it correlated at day 21 with litter size was taken as indication of a probable contribution of the conceptus to maternal pyruvate and lactate accumulation in late pregnancy. Liver alanine amino-transferase activity decreased as pregnancy progressed. No change in serine dehydratase activity was found. Cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase activity remained unchanged. Mitochondrial activity increased as pregnancy progressed. PMID- 7365532 TI - Value of dietary protein for hyperplastic growth at restricted energy intakes. AB - The study describes three experiments of similar design relating dietary protein to growth over a period of 16 days in rats prematurely weaned at 19 days of age. In experiment 1, group 1 was fed ad libitum a 10% caseindiet. Group 2 was pair fed an isoenergetic 40% casein diet. Groups 3 and 4 received 3 g of the 10% casein and 40% casein diets, respectively. The experiment demonstrated that protein may be used to sustain growth when energy intake is restricted. In experiment 2, all rats were given 3 g of diet per day. Group 1 was given the 10% casein diet, group 2 the 40% casein diet, group 3 a diet with 10% casein plus 30% of a mixture of dispensable amino acids and group 4 the 10% casein diet plus an energy supplement. Results showed that amino nitrogen seems to be a requisite for organ protein synthesis. In experiment 3, group 1 ate the 10% casein diet, group 2 the amino acid-supplemented diet and group 3 the latter minus glycine. Group 3 showed increased liver and kidney growth. The inclusion of glycine in group 2 caused a further increment in organ protein content. PMID- 7365534 TI - Comparison of the nutritive values of L-, DL- and D-tryptophan in the rat and chick. AB - Experiments were designed to compare the nutritive values of L-, DL- and D tryptophan in rats and chicks. Growing rats and chicks were fed for 19 and 21 days, respectively, diets containing amino acid mixtures with graded levels of either L-, DL- or D-tryptophan so that the regression of weight gain or protein retention on tryptophan intake could be established. After the end of the experiments, plasma free L-tryptophan was estimated by a microbiological method. The nutritive values of DL- and D-tryptophan relative to the L-isomer were 47 and 21%, respectively in chicks and close to 100% in rats. In chicks, plasma free L tryptophan concentration increased with the increase of L- and DL-tryptophan levels in the diet, but remained at a low level regardless of the D-tryptophan level in the diet. In rats, however, a good correlation was observed between plasma free L-tryptophan and tryptophan level in the diet. PMID- 7365533 TI - Leucine, isoleucine, valine and histidine requirements of fingerling channel catfish. AB - Growth studies were conducted with fingerling channel catfish to determine the minimal requirements for the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, valine and histidine. The experimental diets were formulated from purified ingredients to contain 24% crude protein and 275 kcal/100 g diet. Casein and gelatin served as protein sources and were supplemented with crystalline L-amino acids to provide the amino acid pattern found in 24% crude protein from whole egg powder. Based on dry diet the catfish required 0.84 +/- 0.04% leucine, 0.62 +/- 0.04% isoleucine, 0.71 +/- 0.03% valine and 0.37 +/- 0.01% histidine. These values correspond to 3.50% leucine, 2.58% isoleucine 2.96% valine and 1.54% histidine when expressed as a percentage of dietary protein. Quantitation of serum free amino acid levels revealed a marked increase in valine and isoleucine in leucine-deficient fish. In addition, increases in dietary isoleucine or valine resulted in changes in the serum levels of isoleucine, valine and leucine. These data indicate an apparent interaction among these amino acids in the catfish comparable to that previously observed in other species. Dietary histidine caused no increase in serum free histidine levels until the dietary requirement was reached. Muscle carnosine could not be detected in the catfish. PMID- 7365535 TI - Inversion of D-tryptophan to L-tryptophan and excretory patterns in the rat and chick. AB - The behavior of D-tryptophan in the blood plasma and the pattern of tryptophan excretion in the urine were studied in the rat and the chick. When D-tryptophan was administered orally to rats and chicks, both showed D-tryptophan in the plasma. Conversion of D-tryptophan to the L-isomer in the rat was found by an examination of plasma from the posterior vena cava and the portal vein, following stomach intubation of 100 micromoles D-tryptophan/100 g of body weight. The peak in the increase of L-tryptophan was approximately 150 nmoles/ml plasma when measured at 30 minutes after administration and the peak was 200 nmoles when measured 2 hours after administration. No conversion of D-tryptophan to the L isomer was found in chicks. Under similar conditions, D-tryptophan was measured in the urine of rats and chicks. In rats the D-tryptophan excreted was at most 1% of the amount administered; while in chicks most of the D-tryptophan was excreted. PMID- 7365536 TI - Long-term morphological and metabolic effects of early under- and over-nutrition in mice. AB - Milk intake of mouse pups was controlled by adjusting litter size at birth to four, nine or 20 pups. Litters of nine were considered as control groups. In adult animals many differences were seen among the three groups which had received the same diet ad libitum after weaning. Differences in body lipids largely accounted for the differences in body weight in both males and females. In parametrial adipose tissue, adipose cells, compared to those of controls, were enlarged and more numerous in mice from small litters, and smaller and less numerous in mice from large litters. After an overnight fast, the insulin response to glucose loading was highest in the obese group of mice, while it was absent in the lean group, suggesting permanent impairment in the secretion of insulin. Liver slices from animals which were bred in small litters incorporated more [U14C]-glucose into triglyceride moieties and cholesterol esters. Some of the metabolic changes in adipose tissue were related to cell size. With increasing litter size, glucose was incorporated into glycogen in muscle to a greater extent. Thus early feeding patterns induced permanent morphological, metabolic and hormonal changes in adults. Animals overfed in early life became obese and underfed animals remained lean when adults. PMID- 7365537 TI - Histamine and ascorbic acid in human blood. AB - Analysis of 437 human blood samples has shown that when the plasma-reduced ascorbic acid level falls below 1 mg/100 ml, the whole blood histamine level increases exponentially as the ascorbic acid level decreases. When the ascorbic acid level falls below 0.7 mg/100 ml, there is a highly significant increase in the blood histamine level. Oral administration of ascorbic acid (1 g daily for 3 days) to 11 selected volunteers resulted in a reduction of the blood histamine level in every instance. PMID- 7365538 TI - Effect of starvation and refeeding a high-protein or high-carbohydrate diet on lipid composition and glycogen content of rat livers in relation to age. AB - Rats of two different ages (72 and 490 days) were subjected to a 3-day fast and then refed for the same period a high-protein (89%) or high-carbohydrate (99%) diet. This experimental model served to study whether alterations occur in the content of the main lipid components, triacylglycerol, phospholipids and cholesterol in liver. It also examined whether the aging process itself has any effect on the lipid pattern. With the high-protein diet the content of all lipids returned to or nearly to the control level regardless of age. Refeeding the 72 day-old rats the high-carbohydrate diet led to a 2.4-fold overshoot in the triacylglycerol content, while the phospholipids and the cholesterol remained far below their control levels. In the 490-day-old rats the total lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol remained at the starvation level. With aging, the total cholesterol content showed a marked increase of about four-fold when corrected for growth. PMID- 7365540 TI - Effects of high ascorbic acid intake on the metabolism of catecholamines in the rat. AB - The effect of high dietary ascorbic acid intake on the homeostasis of ascorbic acid and on the metabolism of catecholamine was studied in rats. In order to eliminate changes in serum levels due to stress, blood was obtained without anesthesia through implanted cannulas. Rats with a high intake of ascorbic acid (20 g/kg diet, for 7-9 weeks) had significantly higher levels of ascorbic acid in serum (83%), liver (28%), kidney (47%) and superior cervical ganglia (43%). The values were slightly, but not significantly higher in adrenal gland, brain and interscapular brown adipose tissue. However, no significant differences were observed in the levels of noradrenalin, adrenalin and dopamine in any of the tissues analyzed. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity was also unchanged. There was thus no evidence of an effect of high dietary intakes of ascorbic acid on the metabolism of catecholamines in the intact rat. PMID- 7365539 TI - Effects of medium- and long-chain triglyceride diets in the genetically obese Zucker rat. AB - To test whether the property of medium-chain fatty acids (which have 6-12 carbon atoms) being incorporated only in small amounts into the various tissues of a living organism could be exploited to treat obesity, genetically obese Zucker rats and their lean littermates were fed a diet containing 20% medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT) or long-chain triacylglycerols (LCT) for 10 weeks. MCT, as compared with LCT, had the following effects: 1) MCT did not diminish weight gain in either the nonobese or the obese rats; 2) they increased ketogenesis more in the former than in the latter; 3) they increased the concentration of triacylglycerols in the liver of the obese rats but not of the lean ones; 4) they decreased the concentration of cholesterol in the liver of the lean but not of the obese rats, and 5) they did not particularly affect the concentration of proteins, glucose and insulin in the blood. We therefore conclude that the influence of the genotype is much more important in the establishment of the biochemical characteristics of rats than is the nature of the fatty acids ingested. Replacing LCT in the diet with MCT did not correct any of the major metabolic disorders in obese rats and therefore cannot unaided constitute a solution to the problem of genetic obesity. PMID- 7365541 TI - Moderate sucrose ingestion and blood pressure in the rat. AB - Four related hypotheses were tested: 1) substitution of sucrose for starch at moderate levels will significantly elevate blood pressure; 2) most urinary sucrose is endogenous; 3) a change in endogenous sucrose production will alter sodium excretion and blood pressure, and 4) dietary sucrose inhibits endogenous sucrose production. The systolic blood pressures of 25 male rats, 100 days of age, and 25 female rats, 1 year of age, were measured weekly for 8 months. In four experiments, they consumed diets in which 38% of energy came from fat, 15% from protein, 7% from lactose and the remaining 40% from five different sucrose/starch ratios. In experiment 4, a 10% maltose/30% starch diet was fed to one-half the rats fed sucrose in experiment 3. All rats were fed similar amounts of each diet so that there were no significant body weight differences between groups at the end of the 8 months. At periodic intervals all rats were injected with 1 micro c of [U-14C]glucose and placed in metabolism cages where a 24 hour urine sample was obtained. Urine was analyzed for sodium, sucrose and sucrose-14C content. Endogenous sucrose production was estimated from the percent of [U 14C]glucose recovered as urine sucrose-14C in 24 hours. All four hypotheses were confirmed. PMID- 7365543 TI - Effect of selenium on appetite in the selenium-deficient chick. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine the initial effects of oral selenium administration on selenium-deficient chicks. Administration of 5 microgram selenium as seleno-DL-methionine increased voluntary feed consumption within 2-3 hours, whereas selenite did not have a significant effect until 3-4 hours. Spontaneous activity, body weight gain and plasma glucose concentration increased 6-8 hours after selenium administration. The earliest response in the specific activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase occurred in plasma at 8 hours and in liver at 24 hours after selenium administration. The onset of pancreatic atrophy, however, was not affected by the level of feed intake suggesting that the effect of selenium upon appetite may be distinct from the involvement of selenium in nutritional pancreatic atrophy and fibrosis. PMID- 7365542 TI - Effects of dietary proteins from a variety of sources on plasma lipids and lipoproteins of rats. AB - Five experiments were conducted to study the effect of various protein sources on fasting blood lipids and lipoproteins in the rat. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and total triglyceride, as well as weight gain, food intake protein efficiency ratio and net protein utilization were measured over 28-day test periods with male Sprague-Dawley rats. The purified proteins studied included casein, egg albumin, lactalbumin, soy and alfalfa. Crude proteins studied included yeast, fish meal and blood meal. Diets low in methionine were supplemented with this amino acid to insure that all diets were nutritionally adequate. Although the plasma total cholesterol levels varied by 40-50% and HDL-cholesterol by 90% among the various diets, the changes were not associated with any particular dietary protein source or level. Plasma total triglyceride levels varied independently of the dietary source and level of protein. Plasma HDL-cholesterol accounted for approximately 70% of the plasma total cholesterol. Plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations correlated positively (R = 0.72) with plasma total cholesterol and negatively (R = -0.34) with plasma triglyceride levels. These results clearly show that the pure and crude plant proteins did not have a hypocholesterolemic effect compared with pure and crude animal proteins in rats. Plasma HDL-cholesterol levels were the same in rats fed plant and animal proteins. PMID- 7365544 TI - Specific dynamic action and diet in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede). AB - Apparent specific dynamic action (SDA) in largemouth bass (5-28 g) was equated to oxygen uptake subsequent to the ingestion of a meal. The effects of six diets on apparent SDA were investigated, one balanced or standard diet and five consisting of different proportions of protein and carbohydrate. Apparent SDA was positively related to gross energy ingested and to the level of dietary protein. For a given energy intake, apparent SDA was highest and lowest for diets of 100% protein and 100% carbohydrate, respectively. Evidence of a protein-sparing effect was found when the carbohydrate component represented 25% of the diet and the energy intake was less than 0.8 kcal. Apparent SDA was divided into mechanical SDA, the energy cost for the physical processing of food, and biochemical SDA, the energy cost of anabolic and catabolic processes associated with a meal. Biochemical SDA increased with energy ingested irrespective of diet and was higher by approximately an order of magnitude when bass were fed 1.5 kcal of a 100% protein diet than when fish received an isocaloric meal of 100% carbohydrate. Rate of oxygen uptake following feeding remained above the prefeeding level for 12-72 hours depending on diet and energy ingested. PMID- 7365545 TI - A comparison of two nonlinear models for describing intake-response relationships in higher organisms. AB - Comparison of two nonlinear models for describing intake-response relationships in higher organisms is presented. The first model is based on the assumption that growth processes obey saturation kinetics phenomena while the second model is based on the assumption that the absolute size of the body is the factor which determines the rate of the growth process. Comparison of the two models is illustrated by considering a typical experiment for the evaluation of intake response relationships. PMID- 7365546 TI - Phosphorus nutrition and fasting: interrelated factors which affect the survival of young chickens exposed to high ambient temperature. AB - The interaction of phosphorus nutrition and fasting on the tolerance of young chickens acutely exposed to high temperature was studied. We also investigated a possible relationship between plasma phosphate (Pi) and body temperature (Tr) of chicks during heat exposure. Survival time (ST) of 24-hour fasted (F-24) chicks previously fed a low-phosphorus diet (LP) was markedly lower than ST of F-24 chicks fed an adequate phosphorus diet (AP). Diet, however, had no effect on ST of chicks fasted 12 hours (F-12). The apparent metabolic responses of F-24 chicks were qualitatively different than those of F-12 chicks suggesting that the effect of previous phosphorus nutrition was dependent on metabolic status of chicks before heat exposure. The concentration of Pi during heat exposure of F-24 chicks fed the experimental diets was highly (P less than 0.001) correlated with Tr. At heat-induced exhaustion, Tr of chicks fed either diet was not different. Pi of these groups at this point was nearly identical despite marked differences in the time at which this event occurred. An investigation concerning a possible relationship between Pi and the respiratory failure known to occur in hyperthermic chickens, revealed that respiratory muscular fatigue is not the primal cause of respiratory failure. Our results demonstrated that phosphorus nutrition, Pi and metabolic status are dependent factors related to the tolerance of young chickens exposed to high temperature. PMID- 7365547 TI - Regulation of superoxide dismutase activity by dietary manganese. PMID- 7365549 TI - Effect of calcium deficiency on survival time of young chickens acutely exposed to high temperature. AB - A study concerning the effect of calcium and phosphorus nutrition on the tolerance of young chickens acutely exposed to high temperature was conducted. Fasted (24 hours) chicks previously fed a low-phosphorus (LP), adequate-calcium (AC) diet exhibited reduced survival time (ST) to heat exposure when compared to chicks fed an adequate-phosphorus (AP) and AC diet. Survival time increased markedly as a result of feeding low dietary calcium. In chicks fed low-calcium diets, the level of dietary phosphorus did not influence heat tolerance. An additional experiment showed that ST of fasted chicks was inversely proportional to the level of dietary calcium fed. With respect to nonfasted chicks, diet had no effect on ST to heat exposure despite differences in plasma phosphate (Pi) and calcium (Ca). Plasma phosphate and Ca of fasted chicks were, on the other hand, not indicative of previous diet. The concentration of Ca and Pi of chicks prior to fasting was highly correlated (P less than 0.001) with subsequent heat tolerance. We suggested that the effects of diet on ST of fasted chicks may be related to nutritional alterations in Ca and Pi prior to fasting. Heat-induced changes in Ca and Pi were not related consistently to the occurrence of heat exhaustion. This suggested that changes in Ca and Pi may not be associated with heat tolerance. We concluded that previous calcium and phosphorus nutrition were dependent factors which influence markedly the survival of fasted chickens acutely exposed to high temperature. PMID- 7365548 TI - Orotic acid-induced metabolic changes in the rat. AB - The effects of orotic acid consumption on hepatic lipid and nucleotide metabolism were examined concurrently in the rat. When orotic acid was fed at 1.0%, fatty liver development was evident by day 7 but not by day 3, whereas a decreased purine/pyrimidine ratio of hepatic acid-soluble nucleotides was noted by day 3. As nucleotide changes preceded hepatic fat accumulation, they could be a contributing factor in the etiology of fatty liver. When fed for 10 days, rats did not accumulate hepatic fat on a diet containing 0.1%, but did on 0.5 and 1.0%; similarly, the purine/pyrimidine ratio was not significantly affected on 0.1% but was decreased on both 0.5 and 1.0% orotic acid. These results indicate that orotic acid alters both hepatic lipid and nucleotides when consumed by rats at a level above 0.1%. As measured in these studies, hepatomegaly did not always accompany hepatic steatosis and appeared to be a subsequent development. In addition, L-dihydroorotate was shown to be as effective as orotic acid in increasing hepatic weight and lipid whereas uridine was ineffective. PMID- 7365550 TI - Smelter workers study defective. PMID- 7365551 TI - Occupational health and the reality of risk--an eternal dilemma of tragic choices. PMID- 7365552 TI - Mortality among workers in the metal polishing and plating industry, 1951--1969. AB - The numbers of deaths by cause among 1,292 white male metal polishers and platers identified from obituary listings in the Journal of the Metal Polishers, Buffers, Platers, and Allied Workers International Union were compared to an expected distribution based on the white male population of Illinois and the U.S. The proportions of deaths due to cancers of the esophagus and the liver were high, particularly among those over 65 and those listed as metal polishers or platers on the death certificate. The PCMRs for these two tumors were also moderately elevated. Despite methodologic limitations, these findings, along with the known use in this industry of chromium and nickel, strong acid and alkaline solutions, and the solvents trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, suggest that metal polishers and platers may be subject to exposures capable of inducing cancer. PMID- 7365553 TI - Blood pressure control programs on and off the worksite. AB - In order to assess the importance of physical accessibility in the efficacy of a union-sponsored, worksite-based hypertension detection and treatment program, the experience of patients offered identical systematic treatment in worksite and non worksite settings was compared. Although attrition was greater in the offsite clinic in the first year, the difference disappeared by the second year. Successful blood pressure control was maintained over three years in both treatment sites. These results suggest that physical accessibility was not the sole or even the most important factor producing favorable results in this program. Other factors such as protocol-directed treatment by non-physicians, the categorical nature of the program, lack of cost, and a socially cohesive work community may singly or together be factors responsible for successful therapy. PMID- 7365554 TI - Studies on occupational health: a critique. AB - A critique of 48 recent articles dealing with occupational health was undertaken by two readers using a set of questions devised to assess adherence to selected methodologic principles concerning data quality. Articles were read independently, responses to assessment questions were discussed and differences between readers reconciled. The greatest inattention to principles was found in the areas of sample size; definition of exposure; description, standardization, and validation of data sources; use of "blind" observers; and the possible effect of missing data on the results. Rigorus attention to these methodologic principles is necessary if the results of studies are to be accepted and applied in the prevention and control of occupational hazards. PMID- 7365555 TI - Recovery of testicular function among DBCP workers. AB - Twenty-one men with DBCP-related sperm count suppression were re-examined one year after termination of exposure in July 1977. When examined initially, 12 of these men were azoospermic and nine oligospermic. By October 1978 the sperm count of eight of the nine oligospermic men had improved considerably, six having recovered to a normospermic state. None of the 12 azoospermic men had improved by August 1978. Eleven of the 12 men exposed for more than four years were azoospermic. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) for these 11 men increased significantly between assessments. Four children were born to the wives of the nine oligospermic men; three of the children were normal and one had several defects. The significance of this observation cannot be interpreted in terms of DBCP exposure, since this study was not designed to examine pregnancy outcome. PMID- 7365556 TI - Optimization of mobile multiphasic health testing. AB - Increasing governmental requirements are now forcing the occupational physician to examine automated health testing systems for employee health surveillance. Many companies have chosen to use mobile systems. The array of possibilities is bewildering and providers of such services vary widely. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of mobile health testing and also provides a checklist which can be used to assure optimization of such a program. PMID- 7365557 TI - Mortality analysis of plumbers and pipefitters. AB - The United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipefitting Industry was concerned about the numerous occupational hazards to which its members were exposed and therefore wanted to determine whether unusual mortality patterns could be identified among its membership. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health undertook a mortality analysis of the United Association's members and found significant excesses of cancer of the esophagus and of the respiratory and lymphatic systems among those in the plumbing trade. Although plumbers are potentially exposed to several known and suspected carcinogens, additional study is needed to further document the excesses and to determine whether these excesses can be related to specific occupational exposures. PMID- 7365558 TI - Longitudinal evaluation of an exercise prescription intervention program with periodic ergometric testing: a ten-year appraisal. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to identify the longitudinal physiological and cardiological changes that occurred in a sample of male NASA executives who participated in an individualized physical conditioning program for 10 years. Only 19% discontinued program participation. Oxygen uptake increased significatnly during the 10 years and the increase was attributed to those who exercised three or more days per week. Serum cholesterol exhibited an upward trend similar to the trend reported in the Framingham population, but systolic blood pressure decreased with age. About 30% of the executives exhibited cardiac arrhythmias during exercise. The incidence of PVCs and PACs increased with age. During the period studied, five executives developed sudden acute myocardial symptomatology which was not detected by the exercise stress test. PMID- 7365559 TI - Twenty-five years of rehabilitation of employees with drinking problems. PMID- 7365560 TI - Epidemiologic study of workers exposed to acrylonitrile. AB - This retrospective cohort study of 1,345 male employees with potential for exposure to acrylonitrile analyzes cancer incidence and mortality from 1956 to 1976. Expected numbers based on company and national rates have been computed on person-years. The analyses consider calendar time, payroll classification, occupation, duration of exposure, severity of exposure, and latency. Overall, 25 cases of cancer occurred, with 20.5 expected based on company rates. Of these, eight were respiratory cancer cases, with 4.4 expected. Excesses were found primarily during the 1970-76 time period among wage roll employees who had worked during plant start-up. A trend toward increased risks was seen with increased duration and severity of exposure. Twenty cancer deaths were found, with 17.4 expected according to company rates. Since many cancer cases were recently diagnosed and are living, it may be premature to evaluate mortality statistics. These findings, coupled with results from tests in laboratory animals, raise the serious suspicion that acrylonitrile may be a human carcinogen. PMID- 7365561 TI - Health carnival: an experiment in health education. AB - Some common diseases or accidents that kill or disable persons prematurely are preventable, delayable or sometimes curable if detected early. Prevention, delay or cure requires that individuals be informed of the risks and of the ways they can avoid them, and that those with habits that increase their risks change their behavior. The authors decided to attempt health education of employees and their families by using a carnival setting to make it attractive and memorable. Active participation and demonstrations were used to stimulate interest and involvement to promote learning. Attendance was satisfactory and post-carnival conversations and questionnaires suggest that this might be a useful method of promoting health and safety with employees and their families. PMID- 7365562 TI - Occupational symptoms among compost workers. AB - Exposure to gram-negative bacteria and the presence of subjective symptoms among workers were investigated at an experimental compost plant. Four of the 11 workers reported nausea, headache, and diarrhea, an incidence greater than that reported by workers in a drinking water plant. The number of airborne gram negative bacteria was high where household garbage was agitated by the technical equipment. The findings are similar to those in studies on workers in sewage treatment plants. PMID- 7365563 TI - Vector model for normal and dichromatic color vision. AB - The inclusion of cone mechanisms in a slightly revised version of an earlier model allows accounts of phenomena that involve receptor effects as well as dichromatic color vision. Intensity-dependent parameters that stimulate the adaptation of receptors and opponent and nonopponent mechanisms are varied to predict a wide range of data for both normals and dichromats, including: (i) color matching; (ii) the approximate apparent hue and saturation of the spectrum; (iii) foveal spectral sensitivities obtained by flicker photometry and by detection in the dark and under conditions of achromatic or chromatic adaptation; (iv) heterochromatic additivity failures in the dark-adapted and chromatically adapted eye; (v) approximate differences between brightness and luminance; and, (vi) color and wavelength discrimination under varying adaptation conditions. PMID- 7365564 TI - Toward an adaptive model of the human eye. AB - A model of the human eye is presented with the crystalline lens treated as having a gradient-index structure. By defining an accommodation index I ranging from 0 (unaccommodated) to 1 (accommodated), the optical parameters of the eye in various states of accommodation may be found. The results are in agreement with experimental values. PMID- 7365565 TI - Large color differences and the geometry of Munsell color space. AB - Multidimensional scaling of subjective similarity estimates for colors varying extensively in Munsell hue, value, and chroma produced a configuration that concurred with the postulated organization of Munsell color space, and indicated step-size relationship between attributes. Implications for the determination of color difference are discussed. PMID- 7365566 TI - Contrast threshold response of the human eye based on an analysis of the Tiffany data. AB - An analysis of the Tiffany data resulted in new relationships between the contrast threshold response of the human eye, the foveola region, and foveal parafoveal vision as a function of background luminance for various stimulus diameters. PMID- 7365567 TI - MTF of the defocused optical system of the human eye for incoherent monochromatic light. AB - A psychophysical method has been used to measure the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the defocused optical system of the human eye for incoherent monochromatic light (514 nm) and for various pupil diameters. The results have been compared with theoretical calculations based on aberration coefficients found previously. MTF's have been computed for white light with the help of the measurements obtained for monochromatic light. PMID- 7365568 TI - Flicker-induced asymmetries in border enhancement and the distinction between brightness and darkness systems. AB - Border enhancement is observed in a flickering bright-dark field. It is found that both the dark and the bright portions of the enhanced region increase in extent from the border during certain flicker frequencies, but not symmetrically about the border. This asymmetry is described by plotting the ratio of the dark and bright enhanced regions against stimulus frequency. The ratio fluctuates with frequency, the amplitude of the fluctuations being greatest at low frequencies. The foveal region stimulated by the border has some effect on the ratio functions. They cannot be mimicked by ratios obtained from enhancement responses to low and high luminances on either the dark or bright side of the border. It is suggested that these flicker-induced asymmetries are best understood in the context of separate neural systems for the perception of darkness and brightness. PMID- 7365569 TI - The diagnostic value of arthroscopy in internal derangements of the knee. PMID- 7365570 TI - Aeroallergens in Tulsa, Oklahoma. PMID- 7365571 TI - Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, arthritis, and purpura. PMID- 7365572 TI - Pancreatic ascites. PMID- 7365573 TI - Potential hazards of the medical administration of cocaine. PMID- 7365574 TI - Terminal changes in mice experimentally infected with Borrelia duttoni. AB - The terminal changes following Borrelia duttoni infection in mice consisted of disseminated intravascular coagulation with associated depression in temperature, and in white cell and platelet counts with the development of a positive limulus lysate test. Apart from thrombosis and haemorrhage, similar changes were found in mice given cyclophosphamide prior to infection. The results suggest that neither intravascular coagulation nor immune complex formation are major factors in causing death in borreliosis. PMID- 7365575 TI - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy on the epithelium of human palatine tonsils. AB - Twelve human palatine tonsils were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The epithelium lining the tonsillar crypts was shown to be stratified squamous in type, with an extensive system of channels occupying nearly the full thickness of the epithelium. The channels were infiltrated by lymphocytes, plasma cells and mononuclear phagocytic cells. Specialised surface cells, or M cells, were also seen. These had microvilli and surrounded lymphocytes which were brought very close to the crypt lumen. The presence of numerous holes in the crypt epithelium was thought to be an artefact resulting from the delicate nature of the M cells. These showed the organisation of the epithelium related to the function of the tonsil as part of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. The tonsil has similarities to other gut-associated lymphoid organs but also has its own particular features. PMID- 7365576 TI - The structure of the human thyroid in relation to ageing and focal thyroiditis. AB - Quantitative studies of non-nodular thyroid glands without focal thyroiditis obtained from consecutive autopsies on women aged over 20 yr showed a decrease in colloid content and an increase in stromal tissues with advancing age. When focal lymphocytic thyroiditis was present these changes were increased. This observation supports the theory that low-grade auto-immune processes can mimic or accelerate the ageing process but does not indicate that they initiate it. PMID- 7365577 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children comparative accuracy of diagnostic methods. AB - To assess the diagnostic accuracy of methods employed for detection of gastroesophageal reflux, 30 infants and children with symptoms of GER were evaluated by upper gastrointestinal series, gastroesophageal scintiscan, measurement of mean resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure, esophageal intraluminal PH measurement (acid reflux test), and endoscopy. Fifteen control patients were also evaluated by the above studies. GER was demonstrated by UGI in 15 and by GE scintiscan in 17 study patients. LESP less than 15 mm Hg was noted in 12 and a positive acid reflux test was obtained in 29 study patients. Esophagitis was detected in two (of 30) study patients radiographically and in 15 (of 21) study patients by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents was not detected by the radionuclide method. None of the 15 control patients had GER demonstrated with any of the above methods. These studies indicate that (1) the acid reflux test correlates most closely with symptoms of GER; (2) THE GE scintiscan is complementary to the UGI in the diagnosis of GER, i.e., the combination increases sensitivity; (3) normal LESP does not necessarily exclude GER; and (4) endoscopy is superior to the UGI in detecting the presence of esophagitis. PMID- 7365578 TI - Continuous monitoring of distal esophageal pH: a diagnostic test for gastroesophageal reflux in infants. AB - Seventeen infants under 2 years of age with documented gastroesophageal reflux were studied by continuous distal esophageal pH monitoring and were compared to six age-matched control. Records obtained from patients with GER differed significantly from controls in the percent of monitored time with pH below 4.0, the number of episodes of reflux per monitored hour, and the duration of the longest episode of reflux. The differences between the groups became highly significant when the two-hour period after a clear liquid feeding was evaluated separately. Continuous monitoring of distal esophageal pH is a more sensitive and specific means of diagnosing GER than the diagnostic tests available at present. PMID- 7365580 TI - Computed tomography in childhood bacterial meningitis. AB - Computed tomography has been applied to childhood bacterial meningitis in an attempt to analyze the structural basis for neurologic complications. The CT findings in meningitis patients include acute cerebral swelling; moderate widening of basal cisterns, interhemispheric fissue, and subarachnoid convexity space; ventricular widening; subdural collection; focal cortical necrosis; cerebral infarcts; contrast enhancing basal meninges, ependymitis, and generalized cerebral atrophy. Bacterial meningitis in childhood is more than an inflammation of the subarachnoid space. It is a disease process which often exerts a profound effect on the brain parenchyma. PMID- 7365579 TI - The antibody response to primary and secondary infection with respiratory syncytial virus: kinetics of class-specific responses. AB - Serum antibody responses to primary and secondary infections with respiratory syncytial virus were determined in 67 hospitalized infants. Responses in IgG, IgM, and IgA immunoglobulin fractions were assayed using an indirect immunofluorescent technique. Infection was confirmed by identification of RSV antigen in nasopharyngeal secretions using indirect immunofluorescence, and by recovery of the virus in tissue culture. IgM specific antibody response was commonly observed within a few days of onset of primary infection and persisted from two to ten weeks. Increases in titer of virus-specific IgG and IgA were observed in infants aged 6 months or more at the time of infection than in younger infants. At one year after primary infection, IgA and IgM specific antibody was undetectable, and IgG antibody was absent or present in low titer. Subsequent reinfection result ed in accelerated antibody response in all three classes of serum immunoglobulin. High titers of RSV-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody were detectable at five and seven days after reinfection. These observations may explain the relatively mild nature of clinical illness associated with RSV reinfections in childhood. PMID- 7365581 TI - Management of stages I to III Hodgkin disease in children. AB - Thirty-seven children, ages 4 through 16 years, presented with clinical stages I, II, or III Hodgkin disease. In nine (24%) patients, laparotomy and splenectomy resulted in a pathologic stage that varied from the clinical stage. Of 36 patients with pathologic stages I, II, and III, 26 have been followed for more than two years from diagnosis. Pathologic stages I and IIA disease were found in 21 patients, and 19 received radiation therapy alone (usually mantle-field), with 90% disease-free survival and 95% overall survival (median follow-up 46 months). Five patients had stage IIB disease; two had progression of disease while received combined modality therapy. Of ten patients with stage III disease, five have had relapses and five have remained in complete remission. All relapses occurred in patients receiving either irradiation or chemotherapy but not both. This experience supports extended-field irradiation alone as adequate treatment for stages 1 and IIA Hodgkin disease in children, but suggests that for stages IIB and III, single modality treatment is not adequate. PMID- 7365582 TI - Folate compartments during gestational maturation. AB - Studies on 41 healthy preterm infants and 53 term infants revealed that almost 70% of the total folate is present in the bound form. Beyond the enonatal period the increase in bound folate with increasing gestational maturity reflects fetal demands placed on folate transport and affords an explanation for the loss of folate and corresponding increase in unsaturated binder during pregnancy. With the knowledge of folate biology gained from radioligand data, it is reasonable to postulate that effective folate metabolism depends upon a metabolically active transport mechanism. PMID- 7365583 TI - Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency: a biotin-responsive organic acidemia. AB - The clinical and biochemical features of an infant affected by holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency are presented. The patient was the sibling of the deceased child in whose cultured skin fibroblasts the precise enzymatic disorder was first determined. This fact permitted administration of specific therapy in the form of oral biotin, resulting in immediate improvement from impending respiratory failure and shock. The clinical response to biotin was accompanied by recovery of the biochemical mechanisms known to be biotin-dependent, as manifested by disappearance of intermediates in urine and blood. The variability of biotin responsiveness and the diversity of clinical presentation in the patients originally thought to have a deficiency of beta methylcrotonylCoA carboxylase, a biotin-dependent enzyme, raises the question of a separate, specific apocarboxylase defect. PMID- 7365584 TI - Hereditary renal hypouricemia. Isolated tubular defect of urate reabsorption. AB - A consanguineous Iraqi Jewish kindred is presented in which asymptomatic and apparently benign hypouricemia, secondary to an isolated renal defect, segregates as an autosomal recessive trait affecting four of eight siblings. The 8-year-old proband was ascertained during an evaluation for an apparently unrelated inherited neurologic disorder with which an older normouricemic sibling was also affected. Urate clearance in three affected siblings was 22.6, 35.2, and 60.8 ml/minute, while that in normouricemic siblings was 8.6 to 10.6 ml/minute. Pyrazinamide administration to one affected sibling reduced the urate clearance from 61 to 14.7 ml/minute. A recessively inherited single gene lesion producing a tubular defect is postulated; the exact site(s) is uncertain. PMID- 7365585 TI - Early diagnosis of hyperphenylalaninemia due to tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (malignant hyperphenylalaninemia). PMID- 7365586 TI - Pre- and postnatal growth and development in sickle cell anemia. PMID- 7365587 TI - Intracranial pressure during intubation and anesthesia in infants. PMID- 7365588 TI - Malabsorption of medium-chain triglycerides in infants with cystic fibrosis: correction with pancreatic enzyme supplement. PMID- 7365589 TI - Cerebral atrophy in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7365590 TI - Subclinical congenital rubella infection associated with maternal rubella vaccination in early pregnancy. PMID- 7365591 TI - Malignant external otitis in an adolescent with diabetes. PMID- 7365592 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid anion gap in meningitis. PMID- 7365593 TI - Milk of calcium cholecystitis. PMID- 7365594 TI - Cholelithiasis in a 2-year-old child with reflux esophagitis and hiatus hernia. PMID- 7365595 TI - Chemotaxis and random migration of human milk cells. PMID- 7365596 TI - Recurrent pneumococcal sepsis and defective opsonization after pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine in a child with nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7365597 TI - Adenylate deaminase deficiency in a hypotonic infant. PMID- 7365598 TI - Systemic carnitine deficiency simulating recurrent Reye syndrome. PMID- 7365599 TI - Neonatal asphyxia. I. Relationship of obstetric and neonatal complications to neonatal mortality in 38,405 consecutive deliveries. AB - The requirement of greater than one minute of positive pressure ventilation was prospectively used to identify infants suffering from asphyxia at birth in 38,405 consecutive deliveries. Multivariate analysis of high-risk factors associated with increased risk of asphyxia showed the prematurity was the most significant predictor of asphyxia. Asphyxia occurred in 62.3% of infants less than 27 weeks' gestation and decreased to 0.4% in infants greater than 38 weeks' gestation. Presence of asphyxia was associated with significant increase in neonatal mortality of infants greater than 36 weeks' gestation. Of the asphyxiated neonates, growth retardation, hypothermia, hyaline membrane disease, and seizures were significantly associated with an increased risk of death. PMID- 7365600 TI - Neonatal asphyxia. II. Neonatal mortality and long-term sequelae. AB - Neonatal asphyxia, defined in this study as delay of greater than 1 minute in onset of spontaneous respiration at birth, occurred in 1% of 13,221 live-born infants of birth weight greater than 500 gm between 1970 and 1971. Seventy-five (56%) of 133 asphyxiated infants survived the neonatal period. Survival was directly related to gestational age. The 65 survivors of asphyxia available for study were seen at a mean age of 4.8 years to determine the incidence and extent of neurologic and developmental abnormalities. Twelve children (18.5%) had severe impairment: nine had both neurologic and intellectual handicaps, two had neurologic impairment alone, and one had intellectual impairment alone. The incidence and severity of impairment were not related to gestational age. Postasphyctic seizures were associated with poor outcome. PMID- 7365601 TI - Perinatal mumps infection. PMID- 7365602 TI - Neonatal appendicitis masquerading as necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 7365603 TI - Clitoral size in infancy. PMID- 7365604 TI - Intubation of the left main-stem bronchus in newborn infants: a new technique. PMID- 7365605 TI - Radial nerve palsy in a premature infant following long-term measurement of blood pressure. PMID- 7365606 TI - Continuous intravenous infusion of morphine sulfate for control of severe pain in children with terminal malignancy. PMID- 7365607 TI - Self-help groups in a premature nursery-a controlled evaluation. AB - This study examined the effect discussion groups, held in a neonatal intensive care unit with parents of very small premature infants, had on various measures of later parenting competence. Twenth-eight families who met for seven to ten weeks with a nurse co-ordinator and a "veteran mother" who had given birth to a premature infant within the past year were compared with 29 control families. Parents who had participated in the groups visited their infants significantly more often in hospital than did the control parents. They also touched, talked, and looked at their infants in the en face position more during their visits, and rated themselves as more competent on a number of infant care measures. Three months after discharge of the infants, group mothers continued to show more involvement with their babies during feedings and were more concerned about their general development. The implications of such self-help groups for the later development of high-risk premature infants is discussed. PMID- 7365608 TI - Minor congenital anomalies and behavior in different home environments. PMID- 7365609 TI - Reversible airway obstructive disease from cough suppression complicating childhood depression. PMID- 7365610 TI - Respiratory distress and shock in term neonate. PMID- 7365611 TI - Enterocolitis and scrotal cellulitis in Hirschsprung disease [ letter]. PMID- 7365612 TI - Primary pulmonary hypoplasia and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. PMID- 7365613 TI - Ethical dilemmas in perinatal medicine. PMID- 7365614 TI - Benign convulsions in infancy. PMID- 7365615 TI - Brain abscess and cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7365616 TI - In defense of chaos. PMID- 7365617 TI - PKU-hypothesis concerning failures of screening. PMID- 7365618 TI - Spectrum of the DiGeorge "syndrome". PMID- 7365619 TI - Dosage of aspirin. PMID- 7365620 TI - Relationship of diapers to diaper rashes. PMID- 7365621 TI - Relationship of diapers to diaper rash. PMID- 7365622 TI - Immunologic profile of the Schwartz-Jampel (osteo-chondro-muscular dystrophy) syndrome. PMID- 7365623 TI - Liddle syndrome: sodium influx into RBC. PMID- 7365624 TI - Examination of eyes of infants. PMID- 7365626 TI - Dorisa n. gen. (Protozoa, Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae). PMID- 7365625 TI - Methods for detecting Babesia microti infection in wild rodents. AB - We compared various methods for detecting Babesia microti infection in white footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) captured in enzootic regions of Massachusetts. The most sensitive method tested involved inoculating blood from wild rodents into hamsters. One month postinoculation proved to be the optimal time for microscopically examining blood of inoculated hamsters. With this method, as few as 300 organisms produced patent infection. Prior splenectomy of hamsters did not increase susceptibility to infection. For direct study of captured animals, a Giemsa-stained, thin blood-film prepared from the animal's tail was the most convenient method tested. However, this method detected only 61% of infections identified by hamster inoculation. PMID- 7365627 TI - Parasitemia and tissue infection in sheep fed Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. AB - The distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in blood and other tissues of nine adult sheep experimentally infected with T. gondii oocysts was studied by inoculation of mice with ovine tissues. Parasitemia was detected in five sheep 6 to 11 days after inoculation (DAI) and lasting usually for 1 to 2 days. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from numerous internal organs of five sheep killed between 7 and 28 DAI and from eight organs of a sheep killed 64 DAI. Of the three sheep killed 117, 118, and 119 DAI, T. gondii was isolated only from brain, heart, diaphragm, skeletal muscle, and intestine. Skeletal muscle was infected in all sheep. More mice became infected after inoculation with chronically infected tissues digested in 1% trypsin than undigested tissues. Results indicate that skeletal muscle and brain should be used for parasitological surveys in sheep. PMID- 7365628 TI - Geographic variation in helminth parasites from the digestive tract of Tennessee raccoons, Procyon lotor. AB - The stomachs and intestinal tracts of 253 raccoons, Procyon lotor, were examined for helminth parasites. Sixteen species of helminths were found including eight trematodes, two cestodes, five nematodes, and one acanthocephalan. Fourteen of these helminths are new geographic records for the state of Tennessee. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to analyze two-state and multistate character sets. Matrices of correlation among characters were computed and the first three principal components were extracted, accounting for 79.7% and 66.5% of the variation in the respective character sets. Three-dimensional projections of Tennessee's eight geographic localities onto two-state and multistate principal components demonstrated that raccoons in western localities were parasitized most heavily by Atriotaenia procyonis. Mesocestoides variabilis, Gnathostoma procyonis, and Pharyngostomoides procyonis. Parallelorchis diglossus, Euparyphium beaveri. Eurytrema procyonis, Euryhelmis squamala, Molineus barbatus, and Macracanthorhynchus ingens were most common to P. lotor from eastern areas. PMID- 7365629 TI - Field isolations of Dirofilaria from mosquitoes in Alabama. AB - Field collections of mosquitoes were made April-September 1977 and 1978 in the immediate vicinity of a hunting-dog kennel where the dogs had a chronic history of heartworm infection. Among 19 mosquito species taken in light-trap collections, only Aedes sticticus, Ae. vexans, and Anopheles punctipennis were found infected with what were presumed to be D. immitis larvae. Based on natural infection rates and the relative abundance of these three host species, An. punctipennis and Ae. sticticus appear to be among the most important vectors of dog heartworm at this site. Despite its greater abundance, Ae. vexans apparently plays a comparatively lesser role in D. immitis transmission owing to low natural infection rates and the development of only a few filariae per host. All Dirofilaria isolations were made in April, May, and June, suggesting that transmission may occur primarily during the spring and early summer in this area. PMID- 7365630 TI - A possible parasitic lepidopteran. PMID- 7365631 TI - Survey of the U.S. Atlantic Coast surf clam, Spisula solidissima, and clam products for anisakine nematodes and hyperparasitic protozoa. PMID- 7365632 TI - A new technique for immobilizing filaria larvae using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). PMID- 7365633 TI - Maintenance of Eimeria maxima by serial passage of single sporocysts. PMID- 7365634 TI - Parasites of small indian mongoose on St. Croix, Virgin Islands. PMID- 7365635 TI - Cestodes of the coyote (Canis latrans) in San Joaquin Valley, California. PMID- 7365636 TI - Immunologic reactions associated with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and coagulopathy in experimental African trypanosomiasis. AB - Rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense developed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hypocomplementemia. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and sharp reductions in parasitemia were associated with elevated titers of cold-active hemagglutinin, antibody to fibrinogen/fibrin-related products, and immunoconglutinin. Depletion of lytic complement, prolonged partial thromboplastin times, and presence of fibrin monomers in the blood occurred at the time anemia and significant elevations in precipitable immune complexes were observed. Terminally, consumption of immunologic factors coincided with accelerated partial thromboplastin times. At death, convulsions and hemoptysis with labored breathing suggested that the animals died of respiratory failure and that disseminated intravascular coagulation may have occurred. It is suggested that microthrombiosis might have resulted from the immunologic interaction of complex-coated blood cells with immunoconglutinin and contributed to the terminal disease signs. PMID- 7365637 TI - Injury induced by Trypanosoma congolense adhesion to cell membranes. AB - Trypanosoma congolense binds to erythrocytes and the walls of the microvasculature. Experiments were conducted to determine if the attachment of T. congolense, alone or in combination with antitrypanosome antibody, was damaging to host cells. Bovine erythrocytes were labelled with 51Cr and incubated with T. congolense to promote adhesion. Plasma from the same donor as the red blood cells was added to the erythrocyte-trypanosome aggregates and the release of 51Cr measured. There was a two- to threefold increase in 51Cr release when trypanosomes were lysed by antibody-complement interaction following adhesion to the erythrocyte. The erythrocytes were not damaged by trypanosome binding in the absence of antibody or complement. A similar mechanism may operate in vivo because experiments demonstrated an increased vascular permeability of mesenteric vessels, a site of T. congolense attachment to the microcirculation. These results suggest that the adhesion of T. congolense to host cells, followed by an immune response to the parasite, may damage the infected host by "innocent bystander" mechanisms. PMID- 7365638 TI - Performance of ticks fed on rabbits inoculated with extracts derived from homogenized ticks Amblyomma maculatum koch (Acarina: Ixodidae). PMID- 7365639 TI - Surface morphology of Trichinella spiralis by scanning electron microscopy. AB - The surface morphology of larval and adult Trichinella spiralis was studied by scanning electron microsocopy (SEM) of fixed, dried, and metal-coated specimens. The results are compared with those found earlier by various investigators using light and transmission electron microscopy. Some morphological features reported here are revealed uniquely by SEM. These include the pores of the cephalic sense organs, the character of secondary cuticular folds, variations of the hypodermal gland cell openings or pores, and the presence of particles on the copulatory bell. PMID- 7365640 TI - Chemical attraction in the genus Trichinella. AB - Chemical attraction in the genus Trichinella was studied in vitro. Male adult worms of Trichinella spiralis, T. spiralis var. pseudospiralis, and Trichinella sp. isolate (polar bear isolate) were attracted to females of their own isolates. The intensity of heterosexual chemical attraction between T. spiralis and the Trichinella sp. isolate was similar, whereas T. spiralis var. pseudospiralis males were attracted less by either T. spiralis or the Trichinella sp. isolate females. Female worms of all three nematodes were significantly repulsed by members of the same sex. The repulsion of T. spiralis and the Trichinella sp. isolate females by each other's females was similar, whereas T. spiralis var. pseudospiralis females were repulsed more by females of the other two parasites. On the basis of our experiments, we concluded that the Trichinella sp. isolate and T. spiralis are more closely related members of the genus Trichinella, and view with caution identification of Trichinella isolates from Arctic regions as a distinct species. Differences in chemical attraction of T. spiralis var. pseudospiralis is further evidence indicating that it is distinct from T. spiralis. PMID- 7365641 TI - Studies on in vitro larvaposition by adult Trichinella spiralis. PMID- 7365642 TI - Ocular hazards during birth. AB - In a study of over 2,000 consecutive live births, 243 newborns (12%) suffered birth trauma to the eye and its adnexa. Two hundred twenty-one cases (11%) had multiple retinal hemorrhages. Severe ocular accidents by forceps delivery were seen in the form of hyphema, Purtscher's retinopathy, corneal edema, facial palsy, and corneal abscess. Purtscher's retinopathy and corneal abscess are rare birth injuries that have not been reported so far in newborn babies. PMID- 7365643 TI - Hemorrhagic retinopathy in infancy: a clinicopathologic report. AB - The clinical and pathological findings of an infant with severe, bilateral hemorrhagic retinopathy and unilateral retinal detachment are presented. Acceleration-deceleration forces may have caused the ocular damage in the absence of significant direct trauma to the head or eyes. This mechanism may account for injuries inflicted by physical child abuse, but without the usual associated findings of this syndrome. PMID- 7365644 TI - Botulinum toxin injection into extraocular muscles as an alternative to strabismus surgery. AB - Fifty-six injections of botulinum A toxin have been given to humans for correction of strabismus. The paralysis has been localized to the injected muscle in all cases. No systemic complications of any kind have ensued. The maximum time of paralysis occurs four to five days following the injection, and then gradually diminishes, depending on dose. The maximum correction of strabismus has been 40 prism diopters. The maximum follow-up after injection is six months. Injection of botulinum A toxin into extraocular muscle to weaken the muscle appears to be a practical adjunct or alternative to surgical correction. PMID- 7365645 TI - Duane's retraction syndrome associated with optic nerve hypoplasia. AB - A patient with unilateral Duane's retraction syndrome and optic nerve hypoplasia is presented. The occurrence of these anomalies not previously reported together in a patient, supports the hypothesis of a disturbance in embryogenesis during the second gestational month as the etiology of the retraction syndrome. PMID- 7365646 TI - The relationship between soft tissue anomalies around the orbit and globe and astigmatic refractive errors: a preliminary report. AB - Corneoscleral limbal masses were created in ten rabbit eyes and upper eyelid colobomas were produced in an additional ten eyes. The resultant changes in corneal curvature were recorded over a one-month period using streak retinoscopy and photokeratometry. By these methods, we have determined that forces at or near the corneoscleral limbus can produce changes in the corneal curvature that lead to refractive errors primarily of the astigmatic variety. There is a shift of the axis of astigmatism towards the meridian 90 degrees away from the external force or an increase of astigmatism along the meridian where the force was exerted. In this study, corneal curvature changed significantly in the coloboma and epibulbar mass groups when compared to the control group. This study supported a causal relationship between soft tissue anomalies and astigmatic refractive errors seen clinically in certain syndromes, such as Goldenhar and mandibulo-facial dysostosis. These findings suggest that patients observed with periorbital soft tissue defects may be at risk for the development of unilateral anisometropic refractive errors and secondary amblyopia. Recognition of this entity is essential in order that adequate therapy can be instituted at an early age. PMID- 7365647 TI - No need for cutting of the lateral rectus muscle: in the transconjunctival approach to the muscle cone of the orbit. AB - The successful biopsy of a capillary hemangioma in a child and the removal of a cavernous hemangioma from the muscle cone of the orbit of an adult by a simplified transconjunctival approach without temporary separation of an extraocular muscle tendon are reported. PMID- 7365648 TI - Amount of aniseikonia compatible with fine binocular vision: some old and new concepts. AB - Random Dot Stereograms (RDS) are useful, but are sometimes misleading in assessing the degree of binocular cooperation in the presence of aniseikonia. RDS may give positive results up to 15% aniseikonia, whereas a fine central binocularity is not possible with more than 5% image-size difference. It is suggested that stereopsis may not be the only parameter to test; stress is given to the importance of peripheral motor fusion in maintaining the eye alignment. PMID- 7365649 TI - Ocular manifestations of child abuse. AB - The ocular manifestations of the "battered baby" or the physically abused child are numerous and play a prominent role in the recognition of this syndrome where the ophthalmologist is sufficiently informed concerning the characteristic features. Nonaccidental trauma must always be considered when examining a child under three years of age exhibiting intraocular hemorrhages, leukocoria, cataract or subluxated lens, retinal detachment or dialysis, Coats' disease, chorioretinal scarring, macular scarring, or periorbital ecchymosis. In addition, certain guidelines including the history, socioeconomic circumstances, general condition of the patient and disproportionate soft tissue injury compared to external signs may help stimulate the awareness of the physician toward the actual etiology. Ophthalmologists may be among the first to examine these traumatized infants so that prompt recognition is urgent since there is a known high incidence of morbidity and mortality. Reporting suspected nonaccidental injuries is required by law in every state. Any district attorney's office or child welfare agency can inform a physician about legal details. Failure to report a suspected case can be a serious misdemeanor in most states. PMID- 7365650 TI - Pedi-Grip--aid for the ophthalmologist. PMID- 7365651 TI - Necrotizing enterocolitis following operation in the neonatal period. AB - Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) usually occurs in low birth weight infants who have had perinatal stress, and the mortality remains significant. There are a few reports of NEC in the postoperative period, especially in young infants. Nine neonates developed NEC following operations and form the basis of this report. The interval between operation and the diagnosis of NEC varied from 3 days to 4 mo. The surgical lesions included one case each of esophageal atresia, tetralogy of Fallot, supralevator rectal atresia with rectourethral fistula, and multiple intestinal atresias. Three babies had gastroschisis and two had "apple peel" intestinal atresia. Only 3 of the 9 survived. The usual clinical findings of NEC, abdominal distention, bile stained gastric residuals and diarrhea (with or without blood), can occur in the postoperative period without NEC and are, therefore, not reliable diagnostic signs. Significant changes in the clinical course of these babies occurred from 7 hr to 5 days before the diagnosis was established. In these patients the roentgen findings that established the diagnosis of NEC included intestinal ileus, pneumatosis intestinalis, and portal vein gas. Pneumatosis intestinalis and portal vein gas were the most reliable diagnostic signs, but appeared relatively late in the course of the disease. In one case pneumatosis was seen only in retrospect. None of the patients had definite pneumoperitoneum. Awareness of NEC as a potential postoperative complication may result in early recognition, treatment and survival. PMID- 7365652 TI - Anterior resection combined with anorectal myectomy in the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease. PMID- 7365653 TI - Neonatal hyperinsulinism--surgical and pathologic considerations. AB - Hyperinsulinism in infancy is most often associated with a diffuse pancreatic lesion designated islet-cell dysmaturation syndrome. This disease is commonly associated with persistent hypoglycemia which usually results from inappropriate secretion of insulin. Urgent medical therapy consisting of hypertonic glucose infusion, frequent feeding, and diazoxide is mandatory in order to prevent central nervous system damage. Where medical means of therapy are not effective, an early 85% subtotal pancreatectomy with preservation of the spleen, is indicated. Nine infants who suffered from hyperinsulinism are reported. In two, medical measures were sufficient to control the disease. One of these patients in whom treatment was started late, remained slightly mentally retarded. Seven patients underwent 85% pancreatectomy. In one of these, an additional 7.5% of the pancreas had to be removed and in a second patient total pancreatectomy was performed in order to control the disease. One patient died on the eighth postoperative day after acute gastric perforation. There was no evidence of residual brain damage in the patients who underwent subtotal pancreatectomy. PMID- 7365654 TI - Experience with day stay surgery. AB - Potential advantages of day stay surgery are cost saving, improved utilization of staff and hospital facilities, and reduction of stress for the paediatric patient and his family. The successful program requires careful case selection, full operating and anesthetic facilities and good follow-up. Day stay surgery was initiated at Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children in 1974. Experience is reviewed in relation to the total number and nature of surgical admissions and the daily utilisation of the facility. Utilization has markedly increased in the past 2 yr. Current practice is reviewed with regard to initial assessment, preparation for surgery and overall management during the day admission. Parental attitudes towards day stay surgery were evaluated indicating both the advantages and the problems encountered. These related mainly to insufficient information, transport difficulties and afternoon operations. Recommendations for improving the day stay service are discussed with special reference to: (1) communication with the parents as to adequate pre-operative explanation, revision of the day stay information pamphlet and improved distribution, and clear postoperative instructions, (2) the timing of operations, and (3) transport and parking facilities. PMID- 7365655 TI - Anesthesia for pediatric day-surgery. AB - Five years anesthetic experience of children undergoing day-surgery is reviewed. There were 1278 patients, including 176 infants, having general surgical procedures. Most operations were performed in the afternoon. Subsequently, 104 patients (8.1%) remained in hospital overnight, and of these, 15 were detained for anesthetic reasons. No serious complications were seen. The preoperative anesthetic preparation, general anesthesia, and postoperative care are described. Reasons for subsequent admission are detailed with specific reference to anesthesia. Most limitations placed on the selection of children for day-surgery are unnecessary. Age, distance from hospital, timing of operation, and expected intubation should not be critical factors determining selection of patients. PMID- 7365656 TI - Electrocoagulation induced immunity--an explanation for regression of neuroblastoma. AB - Electrocoagulation of tumor potentiates the host's antitumor immune response. Utilizing a murine neuroblastoma system and comparing surgical excision versus electrocoagulation we have demonstrated that electrocoagulation potentiates the immunogenicity of the neuroblastoma, potentiates the host antitumor immune response to residual primary tumor, and potentiates the host antitumor immune response to distant autochthonous neuroblastoma. These data suggest that such a heightened antitumor response might account for spontaneous regression of massive clinical neuroblastomas treated by electrocoagulation, and they suggest that electrococoagulation may be useful as a treatment modality for cytoreductive neuroblastoma surgery. PMID- 7365657 TI - Ligation of the splenic artery; effects on the injured spleen and its function. AB - Treatment of splenic trauma by ligating the splenic artery was studied on 28 dogs. Bleeding was arrested, and the animals under experimentation tolerated the ligation of the splenic artery without complications. The histology of the spleen showed no abnormalities 2 mo after the experiment. The traumatized area of the spleen had healed. The platelets and reticulocytes were temporarily increased. The hemotocrit values, WBC counts, and serum immunoglobulin M, remained within normal levels. Bone marrow smears, and scintigrams of the spleen were normal. Ligation of the splenic artery, combined with splenorrhaphy, was also successfully used in children with splenic trauma involving major segmental vessels. PMID- 7365658 TI - Relationship between functional and histologic appearances of developing ganglion cells in the guinea pig rectum. AB - Time dated fetal guinea-pigs between 47 and 67 days gestation were studied for segmental propulsive activity in the rectosigmoid under fluoroscopy. Large bowel from the sacrificed fetus was studied histologically to determine distribution and morphology of ganglion cells. Contractions were first observed on day 54 and these became more frequent and vigorous after day 63. Between 47-53 days gestation circular muscle is thin and neurons consists of cluster of neuroblastic cells. Near the end of gestation the neurons arrange themselves into discrete groups and have an appearance like mature ganglion cells. PMID- 7365660 TI - The effects of temporary general hypoxia and local ischemia on the development of the intestines: an experimental study. AB - It is generally accepted that a circulatory disorder of the bowel during the embryonic stage of development plays an important part in the occurrence of atresias of the small bowel and colon, with the exception of the septal types of atresia. In most cases, the cause of this disorder is not known. An experimental study, making use of chick embryos, is presented and the results are discussed. Two sets of experiments were conducted. In the first set the bowel of the chick embryo was subjected to temporary ischemia. In the second one the chick embryo was subjected to a period of general hypoxia. Temporary ischemia of the bowel frequently resulted in stenosis or atresia. The duration of the vascular occlusion was significant factor. Temporary general hypoxia resulted in serious morphologic changes of the bowel and the liver. Stenosis or atresia did not occur in this case, but there was a strong resemblance to the histopathological picture of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 7365661 TI - Twenty-four hour exophageal pH monitoring in gastroesophageal reflux. AB - Twenty-four hour pH esophageal monitoring has been studied in 123 children with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) with ages ranging between 6 mo to 6 yr. The technique is described and the scoring system modified to evaluate gastroesophageal reflux in these patients. For the first time the normal patterns are presented in pediatrics (n = 20). The results obtained in 103 patients are presented, divided into pre- and post-nonoperative and surgically treated groups. The test is more objective, has greater precision, sensitivity, and reliability than contrast studies, endoscopy, acid perfusion or acid reflux tests. The study seems to indicate that esophagitis depends more on the duration of the reflux than on the number, for which the concept of esophageal acid clearance is of paramount importance. The prone position generally lessens the number of refluxes but in this position the esophageal acid clearance is altered. With a greater knowledge and more experience in this technique, we would be able to identify children at risk to develop severe complications, control them and aid in the selection of those patients requiring surgical intervention. PMID- 7365659 TI - A quantitative study of acetylcholine in Hirschsprung's disease. AB - This is the first report on acetylcholine (Ach) quanititaion of the aganglionic colon by a chemical assay. Ach content in the colon of Hirschsprung's disease was measured by pyrolysis gas chromatography, which was found to be a simple, accurate, and reliable method. Microwave irradiation on the surgical resected specimens was performed before extraction procedure to abolish acetylcholinesterase (Ach-E) and cholineacetyltransferase (CAT) activity in the tissue. Ach content in the ganglionic colon was 8.51 +/- 3.15 nmole/g (n 5 in contrast to 23.79 +/- 14.17 nmole/g (n = 19) in the aganglionic segment of Hirschsprung's disease. The meaning of elevated Ach level in the aganglionic segment was discussed from the pathophysiologic standpoint. PMID- 7365663 TI - Autotransplantation of small intestine to replace the thoracic esophagus in puppies: an experimental study with a one year follow-up. AB - In 11 puppies, 8-12 wk old, with an average weight of 9.3 kg, a short segment of the thoracic esophagus was replaced by a revascularized autologous ileum segment. Four dogs died: 1 as a result of an untreated hemorrhagic shock, 3 due to thrombonecrosis of the transplant. Seven dogs were subjected to a follow-up program consisting of weekly weighing, swallow cinematography and angiography, endoscopic tests, and taking biopsies of the mucous membrane for histologic examination. The management of these puppies over a period of 1 yr is described. It proved possible in rapidly growing puppies to replace a segment of the thoracic esophagus with an autologous revascularized ileum segment, without this being a detterent for these puppies to grow into normal well-nourished adults. PMID- 7365662 TI - Tracheal resection in infancy. AB - Tracheal resection, commonly used in adults, has not been applied to the infant age group because of concerns regarding subsequent tracheal growth. Upper tracheal narrowing in infants may often be satisfactorily treated, but patients with long segment distal tracheal stenosis do not respond to usual therapy and rarely survive. In this case, resection of the distal third of the trachea was accomplished successfully and the trachea appears capable of normal growth in the area of the anastamosis. PMID- 7365664 TI - Primary ureterocalycostomy for severe hydronephrosis in children. AB - Fourteen children are described in whom primary ureterocalicostomy was performed for severe hydronephrosis due to pyeloureteral obstruction. Seven of them presented a horseshoe kidney. After a follow-up varying from 1 to 6 1/2 yr, clinical and radiologic improvement was obtained in 12 patients. Exclusion of decompensated renal pelvis and formation of strictly declivous drainage system, especially benefiaial in the case of horseshoe kidney, are two advantages of this procedure. The most important technical consideration is adequate resection of the renal cortex in order to free the large ureterocaliceal anastomosis from the surrounding cortical tissue. It is concluded that primary ureterocalicostomy is the operation of choice for hydronephrosis associated with a horseshoe kidney. This procedure is not advised, however, for simple though severe, hydronephrosis. PMID- 7365665 TI - Comparison of late results in patients with corrected intestinal malrotation with and without fixation of the mesentery. AB - Between 1940 and 1975, 86 patients with malrotation of the intestine leading to intestinal obstruction or volvulus were treated at the University Children's Hospital of Zurich. All case histories and radiograms have been examined and a questionnaire has been sent to all surviving patients. Forty-four of them were reexamined personally 3 to 37 yr later. The study was undertaken to find out whether at the time of correction of intestinal malrotation simultaneous additional fixation of the mesentery had any value. Six of the 86 patients were successfully treated nonoperatively and 3 died before surgery of other severe malformations. Of the remaining 77 children who underwent surgery, additional fixation was done in 28 of the earlier cases, but not done in 49 of the later cases. The percentage of early survivors was 85.7% in the group with intestinal fixation and 83.7% in the group without fixation. The number of reoperations was slightly lower in the group without fixation (10.4%) when compared to the group with fixation (16.6%). 25% of the children with intestinal fixation and 21% of the children without fixation had occasionally slight abdominal symptoms at a later time. These results demonstrate that intestinal fixation neither increased the number of early survivors nor reduced the number of reoperations, nor the percentage of children with abdominal complaints. It was therefore concluded that additional fixation after correction of intestinal malrotations was of no benefit and unnecessary. PMID- 7365666 TI - Ampicillin and gemtamicin in the treatment of fetal intrauterine infections. AB - The optimum clinical results in the treatment of fetal intrauterine infections are obtained by the administration of the appropriate antibiotic, which reaches an adequate concentration in the fetal serum. The pharmacokinetics of ampicillin and gentamicin were studied in 60 pregnant women. Ampicillin and gentamicin were given intramuscularly prior to cesarean section. At delivery maternal serum, amniotic fluid and cord serum antibiotic levels were tested. Assays of the levels of antibiotic were performed by agar diffusion method using Staph. aureus A.C.T.C. 25923 (American Type Control Collection) and E. coli N.C.T.C 1346, as standard organisms. During peak time, concentration of ampicillin in the maternal serum was found to be significantly higher than those of the amniotic fluid and cord serum (p less than 0.001). Peak levels of the antibiotic in the amniotic fluid was also significantly higher than in the cord serum (p less than 0.001). Our results, also showed that the determined levels of ampicillin, especially during peak time, are sufficient to inhibit in vitro, a high proportion of infecting pathogens in the maternal serum and amniotic fluid, but have little effect against organisms in the fetal serum. Concentration of gentamicin in the maternal serum during peak time was found higher than those of the amniotic fluid, but there was not a significant difference. Maternal serum peak levels of the drug were also higher than in cord serum, with a very significant difference (p less than 0.001). Maximum levels of gentamicin in amniotic fluid were higher than in cord serum, also with a very significant difference, (p less than 0.001). Gentamicin levels in amniotic fluid and fetal serum, especially, during peak time, would be adequate to inhibit in vitro the most common pathogens, sensitive to the drug. PMID- 7365668 TI - Risks occurring in birth induction without considering cervix maturity. PMID- 7365667 TI - Comparison of various betamimetics on preterm labor, survival and development of the child. PMID- 7365669 TI - The evaluation of prognosis in threatened early pregnancy. PMID- 7365670 TI - Fetal heart rate acceleration in response to light stimulation as a clinical measure of fetal well-being. A preliminary report. AB - Numerous tests have been proposed for the assessment of fetal condition during the antenatal period. This preliminary report suggests the possibility of exposing the fetus-in-utero to alternating light during amnioscopy, with simultaneous registration of the fetal heart rate. This simple, non-invasive, inexpensive test, which may be evaluated instantaneously, shows a good correlation to the condition of the fetus and newborn, as expressed by the O.C.T. and the APGAR score respectively. The advantage of this test is that it is independent of the existence of fetal movements, as well as of the arousal state of the fetus. PMID- 7365672 TI - A revised model of learned helplessness in humans. AB - The present paper presents a revised model of learned helplessness in humans. The conditions under which performance deficits (helplessness) or enhanced performance (facilitation) will result from exposure to objective noncontingency are defined by a number of variables that have been shown to have an impact on human helplessness. The reformulated model specifies the operation of moderating variables as they affect a number of relationships: that between the perception of noncontingency and the future expectancy of response-reinforcement independence; and finally that between the expectancy of response-reinforcement independence and the behavioral deficits associated with learned helplessness. It is argued that exposure to noncontingency can affect both the value of future reward and the perceived probability of obtaining it. Performance deficits or enhanced performance will result from the perception of noncontingency depending on the nature of this double-edged effect of exposure to noncontingent delivery of reward. PMID- 7365671 TI - The genetic component of quantitative perinatal variables. An analysis of relations between erythrocyte acid phosphatase phenotype and birth weight, gestational age and serum bilirubin level in the first days of life. PMID- 7365673 TI - Faking psychosis on the Rorschach: can expert judges detect malingering? AB - The susceptibility of the Rorschach to faking of psychological disturbance has been subject to few studies, all of which have significant methodological deficiences. Faking of psychosis was examined in this study by using Rorschach experts as judges to blindly evaluate both faked and actual psychotic protocols. The faked protocols came from role-informed and role-uninformed individuals who were asked to specifically malinger paranoid schizophrenia on the Rorschach. The results indicated that the expert judges were unable to detect the faked psychotic protocols regardless of whether the faker was or was not role-informed. However, significantly more role-informed faked protocols received psychotic designations than both the role-uninformed faked and actual psychotic protocols. Expert clinical judgments o- the Rorschach are apparently very susceptible to faking of serious disturbance. PMID- 7365675 TI - Loneliness, affect, and self-concept: construct validity of the Bradley Loneliness Scale. AB - Loneliness is a painful effect probably universally experienced but which has been long neglected in the psychological literature. This study is an extension of the work begun by Rosalee Bradley in developing a self-report instrument for measuring loneliness. It tests the hypothesis that subjects who score higher differ significantly from those scoring low on the loneliness scale on mood: anxiety, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, confusion, and differ significantly in self-concept as well. Results using data of 208 subjects on the Profile of Mood States, Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, and Bradley Loneliness Scale support this hypothesis and also support the construct validity of the Bradley Loneliness Scale. PMID- 7365674 TI - Measurement of family affective structure. AB - The Inventory of Family Feelings (IFF), a self-administered measure of interpersonal affect, maps a family's affective structure showing patterns of conflicted relationships and alliances. Three studies demonstrate that IFF scores have high reliability, construct and concurrent validity, and potential utility in family research. Families with identified patients and couples in marital therapy score less positively toward each other than control families, most of the negative affect in such families centers on and emanates from the identified patients, IFF scores are positively correlated with ratings of affect based on audio recordings of marital interaction and with Locke Wallace Short Marital Adjustment Test scores, and IFF scores and MMPI pathology indicies are negatively correlated. PMID- 7365676 TI - Client correlates of community informant adjustment ratings. AB - Explored similarities and differences among home and community adjustment ratings by clients, community informants, and psychiatrists. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventories, and Personality Adjustment and Role Skills (PARS) scales (Ellsworth, 1975) were administered to 169 consecutively-admitted psychiatric patients. Psychiatrists rated each client on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scales and 141 community informants rated client's home and community adjustment on the PARS. Simple, multiple, and canonical correlational analyses were performed with scores from these tests. Although clients, community informants, and psychiatrists agree when rating clients' symptomatology, nevertheless each person highlighted different aspects of adjustment. Moreover, "impression management" (as measured by subtle-obvious MMPI scales) emerged as influential. These two findings suggest that outcome assessment must be based not only on ratings from multiple perspectives but also outcome assessment must entertain possible biases among raters. Supplementary analyses indicated that outcome assessment for psychiatric clients can be improved by adding response style scales which evaluate dimensions of "sick" and "healthy" symptom presentation and by identifying interaction of diagnosis with ratings of home and community and adjustment. PMID- 7365677 TI - Cognitive style in adults: task alternatives, task strategy, and time estimation. AB - Increasing the number of task alternatives in a match-to-sample problem led to longer decision times in cognitively reflective but not in cognitively impulsive adults. Impulsives, as compared to reflectives, were found to verbalize less "thinking out loud" coded verbal behavior, to endorse less motivation for success and more motivation for speed, and to consistently underestimate time (i.e., periods of 10, 20, & 60 seconds). The present results suggest a latency-related response inhibition deficit in cognitively impulsive adults. The potential of a cognitive-behavioral treatment strategy is considered. PMID- 7365678 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic determination of sulpiride (Dogmatil) in urine. PMID- 7365679 TI - [Molecular pharmacology, tomorrow's therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365680 TI - [A few general notions about the receptors' roles and mode of action (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365681 TI - [Lysosomotropic carriers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365682 TI - [On some new drugs. A survey (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365683 TI - [Biological fate of phenylisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365684 TI - [Pharmaceutical studies on physical properties of solid form drugs. V. Relation between compaction pressure and strength of powder compacts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365685 TI - Effects of verapamil on electrophysiologic properties of blood superfused cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - Blood superfusion techniques were used to study the effects of verapamil on the body surface electrocardiogram and blood pressure of intact, anesthetized dogs as well as transmembrane action potential characteristics of isolated Purkinje fibers. Verapamil, 100 to 600 microgram/kg, administered in sequential doses intravenously to the intact (donor) animal caused a dose-dependent increase in the P-R interval and a decrease in systemic arterial pressure while exerting no significant effect on the normal, fast response Purkinje fiber action potential. To study effects of verapamil in depolarized fibers, maintained stretch was applied to Purkinje fibers until resting potentials had decreased from approximately -91 mV to a stable level of approximately -55 mV. For these fibers, verapamil, 400 microgram/kg, given as a single injection almost totally suppressed the slow response action potential while prolonging the P-R interval by less than 30% above control. These experiments suggest that in the presence of normal sinus and atrioventricular nodal function, plasma concentrations of verapamil which abolish the slow response action potential should have no major effect on sinus rate and atrioventricular conduction. PMID- 7365687 TI - Enterohepatic circulation of l-alpha-acetylmethadol in the rat. AB - The enterohepatic circulation of the biliary metabolites of l alpha[3H]acetylmethadol ([3H]LAAM) was studied in rats. Bile was collected for 48 hr from a biliary-cannulated donor rat after s.c. administration of [3H]LAAM. This bile containing tritium-labeled LAAM metabolites was then infused into the small intestine of a recipient rat for 48 hr and the appearance of radioactivity in bile formed in the liver of the recipient rat was monitored. Forty-eight hours after the start of infusion, 40% of the infused radioactivity had been excreted into the bile of the recipient rat, indicating extensive enterohepatic circulation of the biliary metabolites of LAAM. The data indicated that only a small percentage of the infused [3H]LAAM metabolites were present in the systemic circulation at any one time. This was further investigated by comparing the plasma levels of tritium with time and the tissue concentrations at 24 and 48 h after s.c. [3H]LAAM administration in biliary-cannulated and sham-operated control rats. Complete diversion of the bile did not significantly decrease the levels of [3H]LAAM or its metabolites in the systemic pool. These findings tend to minimize the contribution of enterohepatic circulation in the recirculation of active metabolites of LAAM and ultimately in its long duration of opiate-like action. PMID- 7365688 TI - The seminal excretion, plasma elimination, tissue distribution and metabolism of naltrexone in the rabbit. AB - The pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and metabolism of naltrexone were studied in male New Zealand White rabbits. After an i.v. bolus, the plasma half life of naltrexone between 30 min and 3 hr was 55 +/- 5 min and 53 +/- 3 min for 1 and 5 mg/kg doses of naltrexone . HCl, respectively. The drug concentration in the semen reached a maximum value between 15 and 30 min after the injection. At 120 min, the semen/plasma drug concentration ratio was 14 and 11 for the 1 and 5 mg/kg doses, respectively. Three minutes after injection, 95% of the drug had left the plasma. After 5 min, the conjugate levels exceeded the free drug levels in the plasma suggesting rapid glucuronidation of the drug. The concentrations of naltrexone and 6-beta-naltrexol were measured in different tissues 90 min after injection. Most of the tissues had drug concentrations which exceeded the concurrent plasma concentration. The highest concentrations were observed in the submaxillary gland. Relatively high amounts of 6-beta-naltrexol were found in the brain, fat, spleen, heart, testis, kidney and urine. The principle urinary metabolite was the glucuronide of naltrexone. Minor metabolites identified in urine treated with Glusulase were 6-beta-naltrexol and N-dealkylated naltrexone. PMID- 7365686 TI - Mechanisms of ionophore-induced catecholamine secretion. AB - A number of carboxylic ionophores stimulate the secretion of norepinephrine from cell suspensions prepared from a transplantable rat pheochromocytoma. The divalent-cation ionophore ionomycin stimulates catecholamine secretion by a mechanism that is dependent upon the presence of extracellular Ca++. It is likely that ionomycin-induced catecholamine secretion results from the ionophore mediated entry of Ca++ into the cells. The monovalent-cation ionophore monensin stimulates catecholamine secretion by a mechanism that is independent of extracellular Ca++, but is markedly dependent upon extracellular Na+. Monensin probably transports Na+ into the pheochromocytoma cells and increases the intracellular concentration of Na+ in these cells. This rise in intracellular Na+ may cause the release of Ca++ from some intracellular store. Lasalocid stimulates catecholamine secretion by a mechanism that is independent of extracellular Ca++ and is only slightly dependent upon extracellular Na+. The action of lasalocid, in contrast to the actions of ionomycin and monensin, is potentiated by decreased pH. It is likely that lasalocid enters the cells in its uncharged, protonated form. Once inside the cells, lasalocid may promote the release of intracellular Ca++. Alternatively, lasalocid and monensin may stimulate catecholamine secretion by the process which is independent of Ca++. These experiments show that ionophores can stimulate catecholamine secretion by at least three distinct ionic mechanisms. PMID- 7365689 TI - Comparative effects of thromboxane B2 on the canine and feline pulmonary vascular bed. AB - The pulmonary vascular effects of thromboxane (TX) B2 were investigated in the intact chest dog and cat. In both species, TXB2 increased lobar arterial pressure in a dose-related fashion without affecting left atrial pressure. Since blood flow to the lobe was maintained constant, the increases in lobar arterial pressure reflect increases in pulmonary lobar vascular resistance. In the dog, the increases in lobar arterial pressure were associated with increases in small vein pressure suggesting that TXB2 increases lobar vascular resistance by constricting pulmonary veins and upstream segments. In both the cat and dog, TXB2 and prostaglandin E2 had comparable pressor activity, whereas both substances were less potent than prostaglandin F2 chi. Responses to TXB2 were similar in experiments in which blood flow was controlled or when pulmonary flow varied naturally. Pulmonary vasoconstrictor responses to TXB2 were similar when the lung was ventilated, during bronchial occlusion in the dog and during an apneic interval in the cat. The increases in vascular resistance in both species were not altered by doses of indomethacin that blocked responses to arachidonic acid. The present studies demonstrate that TXB2 has significant vasoconstrictor activity in the feline and canine pulmonary vascular bed and suggest that responses to TXB2 are not dependent on alterations in bronchomotor tone or enhanced prostaglandin synthesis in the lung. PMID- 7365690 TI - Mice tolerant to nitrous oxide are also tolerant to alcohol. AB - Mice exposed to 50% nitrous oxide for 3 weeks become tolerant to nitrous oxide. The nitrous oxide-tolerant animals are also tolerant to ethanol, as measured by a 40% decrease in ethanol-induced sleep times and 15% higher blood alcohol levels upon awakening compared to control mice raised in air. These results suggest a common mechanism for the development of tolerance to both alcohol and nitrous oxide. PMID- 7365691 TI - The effect of dibenzazepines (tricyclic antidepressants) on cerebral capillary permeability in the rat in vivo. AB - The degree of equilibration of [3H]water across the cerebral capillary was evaluated by measuring its cerebral extraction fraction (Ew) by using a dual label radioactive tracer technique. All tricyclic antidepressants (125 mumol/kg i.p. at 5 min) increased Ew as compared to base line. The rank order of the drugs in producing this response was doxepin greater than amitriptyline greater than imipramine greater than nortriptyline greater than desmethylimipramine greater than protriptyline. The effect of amitriptyline, the prototype tricyclic for this study, was rapid in onset (maximal effect within 5 min), reversible (duration 15 min), dose-dependent and generalized throughout the brain. Amitriptyline also induced a marked increase in the cerebral extraction fraction of [3H]ethanol. A difference in the time course of the drug effect on these two tracers indicated that the elevation in E was due to the increase in cerebral capillary permeability to both polar and lipid soluble substances. This work demonstrates that tricyclic antidepressants have important central effects on non-neuronal tissue. PMID- 7365692 TI - The relation of choroid plexus carbonic anhydrase activity to cerebrospinal fluid formation: study of three inhibitors in cat with extrapolation to man. AB - Drugs which inhibit carbonic anhydrase (CA) reduce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. This study relates the inhibition of CSF flow in cats after 1 to 30 mg/kg of methazolamide, acetazolamide or benzolamide (inhibitors of differing pharmacokinetic properties) to plasma and choroid plexus levels of these drugs. From plasma concentrations of unbound drug and the dissociation constants for the interaction of drugs with choroid plexus CA, it is shown that the concentration of residual active CA in choroid plexus of cats must be reduced from approximately 22 microM to the range of 5 to 10 nM to reduce CSF flow significantly. This represents at least 99.95% inhibition of CA of choroid plexus. This level of inhibition was achieved by an i.v. dose of 30 mg/kg of methazolamide, acetazolamide or benzolamide, whereas doses of 10 mg/kg of methazolamide or acetazolamide did not significantly decrease mean residual CSF flow. The data suggest that it is the residual flow after inhibition, not the absolute or percentage of decrease in flow, which should be used to evaluate the effectiveness of CA inhibition, because of the variability in individual control rates. Maximal effects of CA inhibition in cat reduce flow to 9 to 11 microliter/min from a mean of 21.7 microliter/min. In choroid plexus of man, the CA concentration is, at most, 40% that of cat. An attempt has been made to use CA concentration, drug binding data and other pharmacokinetic factors in predicting appropriate choices of drug and dose for man, extrapolating from the data for cats. These predictions are compared to existing data for plasma levels or CSF effects of CA inhibitors in man. PMID- 7365693 TI - Renal tubular secretion of meperidine by the fetal lamb. AB - We have determined the renal clearance of meperidine and inulin simultaneously under steady-state conditions by using the chronic fetal lamb preparation. Meperidine was infused at a constant rate of 3.2 mg/min into the maternal vena cava, and [14C]inulin was infused at a constant rate of 0.22 muCi/min into the fetal vena cava. Total fetal urine output was collected for three consecutive 15 min intervals, and fetal blood was sampled at the midpoint of each urine collection. The mean meperidine clearance in 12 studies was 12.04 +/- 2.90 (S.E.) ml/min, whereas mean inulin clearance was 2.48 +/- 0.35 (S.E.) ml/min. In all but one animal, the ratio of meperidine clearance to inulin clearance is greater than one, indicating tubular secretion of meperidine. The results show that there is a negative relationship between meperidine clearance and urine pH, but there is no relationship between meperidine clearance and gestational age or urine flow rate. These results suggest that meperidine is secreted across the renal tubules by "ion trapping." PMID- 7365694 TI - Uptake and acetylation of p-aminohippurate by slices of mouse kidney cortex. AB - In slices of mouse kidney cortex, p-aminohippurate (PAH) is taken up by the organic anion transport system and then rapidly acetylated to p acetylaminohippurate acid (PAAH), so that there is little net accumulation of PAH itself. The basic characteristics of this system have been described. Uptake may be measured as the total of PAH and PAAH combined. Both uptake and acetylation are dependent on aerobic metabolism. Succinate strongly inhibits net accumulation but has only a slight effect on the amount acetylated. This is attributed to the stimulation of efflux by succinate. In the mouse, the degree of acetylation as well as uptake varies with sex and strain, as well as with the drug used as substrate. When organic anion transport is employed as a test system for the assay of nephrotoxicity, it is proposed that slices from the mouse possess advantages over some other species in that acetylation and uptake provide dual endpoints. PMID- 7365695 TI - Morphine and methionine-enkephalin: different effects on spontaneous and evoked neuronal firing in the mesencephalic reticular formation of the rat. AB - The technique of microiontophoresis was used to determine the effects of morphine and methionine-enkephalin (met-enkephalin) on spontaneous neuronal firing and on firing evoked by a nociceptive stimulus (evoked firing). Morphine and metenkephalin produced one of the three following patterns of effects on single units in the mesencephalic reticular formation: 1) morphine but not met enkephalin blocked evoked firing; 2) met-enkephalin but not morphine blocked evoked firing; and 3) both morphine and met-enkephalin blocked evoked firing. For neurons exhibiting each of these three patterns, the mean T100, a modification of the T50 which is analogous to a dose-response curve, correlated with the effects of the drugs on evoked firing. There appear to be differences in cell size and location which are associated with different effects of the drugs. The difference in the effects of the drugs on evoked firing cannot be explained by differences in transport number, diffusion or degradation of the drugs, nor by different locations of the drug ejection barrels. Naloxone, administered intravenously or micriontophoretically, antagonized the drug-induced blockade. The effects of morphine and met-enkephalin on spontaneous firing did not correlate with their effect on evoked firing. Furthermore, in the majority of cases, the effects of morphine and met-enkephalin on spontaneous firing were not the same. These data indicate that there may be more than one type of opiate receptor in the mesencephalic reticular formation. PMID- 7365696 TI - Structure activity relationships of N-substituted dopamine derivatives as agonists of the dopamine vascular and other cardiovascular receptors. PMID- 7365697 TI - Acetaminophen toxicity in human lymphocytes in vitro. AB - Studies of drug toxicity in humans are limited by the paucity of noninvasive approaches for assessing individual susceptibility to toxicity. An in vitro system for examining acetaminophen toxicity has been developed by using human lymphocytes and a mouse microsomal drug metabolizing system. Acetaminophen metabolites produced by the microsomes caused a dose-dependent depletion of lymphocyte glutathione content. No depletion was seen with heat-inactivated microsomes or in the absence of the metabolizing system. Toxicity to the lymphocytes was assayed by trypan blue dye exclusion, release of lactic dehydrogenase to the culture medium and loss of ability to respond to concanavalin A with [3H]thymidine incorporation into deoxyribonucleic acid. Toxicity was marked at concentrations of acetaminophen causing greater than 80% depletion of glutathione, similar to plasma concentrations associated with hepatotoxicity in vivo. The method may serve as a means of examining individual differences in cell defenses against electrophilic drug metabolite toxicity. PMID- 7365698 TI - Effects of isoproterenol and methoxamine on the contents of taurine in rat tissues. PMID- 7365699 TI - Hemostatic changes following rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis helleri) venom in the dog. AB - Hemostatic changes were observed in mongrel dogs (N = 5, 18.6 26.7 kg) following and i.v. LD20 (50 microgram/kg) of rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis helleri) venom. Venom produced thrombocytopenia within 5 min and fibrinogen was significantly reduced at 240 min. In addition, the presence of fibrin split products, a positive protamine sulfate test and a decrease in the euglobulin lysis time, suggest that fibrinogenolysis and fibrinolysis are initiated shortly after venom. Prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times were little affected. Examination of bone marrow revealed vacuolization and a reduction in the number of megakaryocytes. These data suggest that this dose of rattle-snake venom produces hemostatic defects by the destruction of fibrinogen and circulating platelets. PMID- 7365700 TI - Message valence, familiarity, sex, and personality effects on the perceptual distortion of height. AB - The perceptual distortion of height was examined in a group of American male and female college student volunteers (n = 139). A message which announced either good or bad news was delivered by a familiar or unfamiliar person who was either male or female. After hearing the message, the students were asked to estimate the height of the communicator. Additionally, the variables of self-esteem and independence of judgment were measured. Results indicated that familiarity with the message source (p less than .0025) as well as sex of the communicator (p less than .024) were predictors of the perceptual distortion of height, but message valence was not. Neither self-esteem nor independence of judgment was functionally related to the proclivity to distort the heights of the communicators. PMID- 7365701 TI - Sex-role differentiation in preschoolers: effects of maternal employment. AB - The purpose of the present study was to determine whether maternal employment affects sex-role differentiation in preschoolers, and whether this relationship varies as a function of the sex of the child, father's presence or absence, and/or the sex of the child's siblings (N = 398 boys and girls, mean age 51.2 months). The dependent measure consisted of a maximally reliable composite z score derived from five tests (Draw-A-Person, Occupational Preference, Nadleman Recall, Toy Preference, It Scale for Children). The fact of the mother working and the social status of her occupation were unrelated to sex-role differentiation, regardless of whether the child was a girl or a boy; had brothers, sisters, both, or was an only child; or came from an intact or nonintact family. However, the main effect for sex and the sex of child X sex of sibling interaction were significant. PMID- 7365702 TI - The relationships of spatial ability and sex to formal reasoning capabilities. AB - The relationships of spatial ability and sex to performance on formal reasoning tasks were examined for a group of 34 male and female college students. It was hypothesized that spatial ability is positively related to formal reasoning task performance which is also related to male superiority on formal reasoning task performance. Results indicated that spatial ability was unrelated to formal reasoning task performance and that sex differences occurred with the balance of task and the pendulum task which suggested that males were superior to females at manifesting the scheme of proportionality and at being able to isolate variables. PMID- 7365703 TI - Effects of age, sex, and income level on sex-role differentiation in preschoolers. AB - Sex-role differentiation in 337 three-, four-, and five-year-old girls and boys, approximately equally divided into lower- and middle-income groups, was measured by five sex-role tests. A composite z score was also used for increased reliability. The study was replicated in order to investigate the reliability of the measures. The results showed that sex and, to a partial degree, age, had significant effects, but income level had little effect on sex-role differentiation. A factor analysis of the sex-role tests is also discussed. PMID- 7365704 TI - A comparison of laterality indices in college and retarded subjects. AB - The relation of laterality to intelligence was assessed by administration of Berman's ICD (Index of Cerebral Dominance) to 20 male and female college students and 20 retarded Ss (IQs 33-75) of comparable age and sex. The college Ss were more lateralized in hand, foot, ear, and eye, but it was primarily foot lateralization that distinguished the groups, despite the fact that hand was the most lateralized subsystem in both groups. While these results are not entirely consistent with Berman's, they are generally confirmatory of a positive relation of laterality and intelligence. PMID- 7365705 TI - Normal and exceptional children's attitudes toward themselves and one another. AB - In this study 65 junior high school boys and girls (54 normal and 11 exceptional children) evaluated themselves most favorably, normal children as a group less favorably, and exceptional children as a group least favorable of all on the Personal Attribute Inventory for Children. This was so regardless of whether the respondents were normal or exceptional children. Since data were collected from mainstreamed classrooms, it appears that mainstreaming may not be directly deleterious to exceptional children's self-concepts, but has associated with it a negative stigma for exceptional children as a group for both exceptional and normal children. These findings, plus others reported previously, fail to demonstrate that mainstreaming in its present form may be an elixir for exceptional children's social-emotional difficulties. PMID- 7365706 TI - Children's understanding of some temporal terms denoting order, duration, and simultaneity. AB - This study examined the comprehension by children of the concepts of order, duration, and simultaneity as reflected in certain linguistic structures. The children in the study were 3, 5, and 7 years old. Temporal order was examined through children's comprehension of two-clause sentences containing the conjunctions "after," "before," "since," and "until." Temporal duration was examined through children's understanding of one-clause sentences containing the progressive aspect and two-clause sentences containing the conjunctions "since" and "until." These two conjunctions signal duration in the main clause when they conjoin two clauses. Simultaneity was studied through children's comprehension of two-clause sentences containing "while." The results revealed that the order sentence structures ("before" and "after") were generally comprehended by the children before the duration or simultaneous sentence structures, although at 7 years of age children were still not performing above chance on the order relation in "since" and "until" sentences. The duration sentence structures were comprehended by the children before the simultaneous sentence structures. The results support the literature in cognitive psychology and in philosophy which argues that order is simpler than duration is simpler than simultaneity. PMID- 7365707 TI - Rational antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7365709 TI - The value of liver biopsy. PMID- 7365708 TI - Common errors in the management of poisoning. PMID- 7365711 TI - Health service needs. PMID- 7365712 TI - Mistakes in medicine. PMID- 7365710 TI - Innocent systolic murmurs in healthy 40-year-old men. PMID- 7365713 TI - Computed tomography of the liver and gall-bladder. PMID- 7365715 TI - Pancreatic and duodenal injuries. PMID- 7365714 TI - Foreign body inhalation. PMID- 7365716 TI - A cyst in the stomach wall. PMID- 7365717 TI - Primary perineal closure after proctectomy in the female. PMID- 7365719 TI - Ward design and wound infection due to staphylococcus pyogenes. PMID- 7365718 TI - Priapism in sickle cell anaemia. PMID- 7365720 TI - Generalised peritonitis. PMID- 7365721 TI - Arthroscopy of the knee in general orthopaedic practice. PMID- 7365722 TI - [Computer tomography examination of the diaphragmatic pillars. Value during the study of the postero-inferior mediastinum (author's transl)]. AB - The authors review the results of 100 computer tomography examinations of the normal thoraco-abdominal region and define the radiological anatomy of the posterior submediastinal space limited by the pillars of the diaphragm, which can almost always be investigated by computer tomography. Study of this posterior submediastinal space in 276 cases, by means of a strictly defined procedure, was used to illustrate the elementary signs encountered: effacement of the pillars, loose appearance of the pillars with absence of the median arcate ligament, presence of an abnormally sized structure in the middle of the space. The main indications for computer tomography examination of this region are for diagnosis of an opaque tumor of the postero-inferior mediastinum, and the investigation of extensions of bronchial cancers, regionally located neoplasms and lymphomas. PMID- 7365723 TI - [Fatty masses in the mediastinum. A report on 21 cases including 16 after computer tomography investigations (author's transl)]. AB - The authors use this term to describe collections of fatty material in the tissues, circumscribed or not, which may cause permanent deformity of the mediastinum. This definition may not be based upon histological examinations but it is perfectly appropriate following the recent use of computer tomography (CAT) investigations. The authors base their comments on the study of 21 cases divisible into two groups of unequal size: in 5 cases, studied without using CAT, diagnosis was made during operation; in the 16 other cases it was made by CAT. The masses may be circumscribed or not, but mixed forms have been observed. Among the circumscribed masses. Those in the right cardiophrenic region appear to be the frequent and are observed mainly in women: a retrocardiac location implies than an associated hiatus hernia must be searched for; the mediastinoparietal reduplicated form being rarely seen. The spreading types are noted mainly in men and occur usually in the superior or median part of the mediastinum. These masses can be demonstrated and diagnosis simplified by the use of CAT, as it is a truly specific radiological examination which eliminates the use of tomography, pneumomediastinum, and angiography as diagnostic procedures. Surgical operation is no longer practiced for diagnostic purposes and can be avoided in very many cases. PMID- 7365724 TI - [Colonic complications of pancreatitis. A report on 39 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Colonic complications of pancreatitis are not infrequent occurrences, as illustrated by the fact that the authors have personally treated 39 such cases. Lesions are found in the colon at sites which correspond perfectly to diffusion of pancreatic necrotic lesions along mesenteric pathways as described by Meyers. They occur mainly in the left colic flexure (17 cases) and transverse colon (10 cases) but may affect the ascending (6 cases) and descending (4 cases) colon by diffusion of the pancreatitis into the anterior extrarenal space. These topographical characteristics, associated with the extrinsic and inflammatory nature of the lesions, produce a very specific and typical radiological syndrome which should assist diagnosis. PMID- 7365725 TI - [Computer tomography changes in multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - An attempt is made to evaluate the semiological data supplied by computer tomography, following its use on several occasions in 4 patients with multiple sclerosis. Three known signs in the encephalic forms are defined: cerebral atrophy, low density plates of sclerosis that do not take up the contrast medium, and those that do. These localized lesions are distinguished by their frequent multiplicity, often periventricular location, and absence of a mass effect. The semiological value of these signs involves discussion on the poor results of statistical evaluation, the significance of histology examination results, which are still being studied, and more particularly the variability, the best evidence of which seems to be the beginning and/or the changes occurring in contrast medium uptake. To this major diagnostic argument can be added the discovery of multilocular lesions which are sometimes present without clinical manifestations. Computer tomography is an essential procedure for establishing the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, avoiding numerous valueless arteriographies, is a fundamental method for early positive diagnosis, and perhaps an element for establishing prognosis. PMID- 7365726 TI - [Determination of effective atomic number and electronic density by computed tomography with dual energies. Application to the thalamus (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have studied seven thalamic hyperdense lesions of five patients in managing, at the same level, successively two scans with a computer tomograph at two different energies. After they recall their methodology of testing their C.T. and computations, they have found the effective atomic number and the electron density of these lesions. All (one Fahr disease and six old hemorrhages) have both high effective atomic number and electron density. They discuss the limits of this technic but they emphasize the great interest to see the chemical aspects of the structures observed in C.T. PMID- 7365727 TI - [Radiologic features of ossified stylohyoid ligaments. Report of three cases (author's transl)]. AB - This paper reports three cases of stylohyoid ossification, casually discovered by roentgenology. The chains are different by the shape and the number of bony segments as shown by frontal views. The authors consider the frequency, the meaning and the symptomatology of these anatomic variations. PMID- 7365728 TI - [Fistulography. Results of 126 examinations (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe the results obtained in a series of 126 patients examined by fistulography. This investigation should be conducted systematically after operative treatment of any type of fistula. The procedure involves perfusion of a water-soluble iodized contrast medium at low pressure, using a balloon sound to ensure that there are no leaks. The results supply the general or orthopedic surgeon with the information necessary for deciding the operative procedure to be used. PMID- 7365729 TI - [Radiological aspects of Mallory-Weiss syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - A case of Mallory-Weiss syndrome was diagnosed by joint baryum study and endoscopy. A survey of publications (15 references) shows that this affection is frequent and could be responsable of 5 to 10% of upper digestive hemorrhage of which some are grave. But conventional radiology only exceptionnally reveals these superficial lesions. Without endoscopy and according the ulceration be deep, the radiologist should be able to reveal the lesion a sa niche. PMID- 7365730 TI - [Multiple spleens without obvious cardiac abnormalities. Results of highly selective arteriography in one case (author's transl)]. AB - Multiple spleens were first discovered accidentally during abdominal arteriography and were then investigated by selective and highly selective injections. The vascularization of the small spleens was by means of a branch of a main coeliomesenteric artery, which appears to be a constant feature in this syndrome, and possibly by an accessory artery arising directly from the aorta. PMID- 7365731 TI - [Accessory cardiac bronchus. A report on a case and review of the published literature (author's transl)]. AB - A case is reported of a young adult with moderate hemoptysis arising from an accessory cardiac bronchus. The authors review the 90 cases reported in the published literature and summarize the clinical manifestations and results of radiological investigations. PMID- 7365732 TI - Platelet activation by cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7365733 TI - Tumor cytotoxicity of rat alveolar macrophages activated in vitro by endotoxin. PMID- 7365734 TI - Ultrastructural and cytochemical changes induced by short and prolonged culture of human monocytes. PMID- 7365735 TI - Studies of human peritoneal cells: a normal saline lavage technique for the isolation and characterization of cells from peritoneal dialysis patients. PMID- 7365736 TI - The activation of macrophages by Corynebacterium parvum: effect of anti complementary agents cobra venom factor and sodium cyanate. PMID- 7365737 TI - Quantitative measurements of neutral red uptake and excretion by mammalian cells. PMID- 7365738 TI - Third Smissman Award address: reminiscences and musings of a classical medicinal chemist. PMID- 7365739 TI - 5-substituted 2-amino-6-phenyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinones. Antiviral- and interferon inducing agents. PMID- 7365740 TI - Biomimetic synthesis of catechol estrogens: potentially mutagenic arene oxide intermediates in estrogen metabolism. PMID- 7365741 TI - Synthetic modulators of the complement system. 1. Synthesis and biological activity of 5,5',5''-[1,3,6-naphthalenetriyltris(sulfonylimino)]-tris[1,3 benzenedisulfonic acid] hexasodium salt. PMID- 7365742 TI - Antitumor agents: diazomethyl ketone and chloromethyl ketone analogues prepared from N-tosyl amino acids. AB - Diazomethyl ketone and chloromethyl ketone analogues prepared from N-tosyl amino acids have been synthesized and tested for antitumor activity in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and P-388 lymphocytic leukemia screens in mice. The N-tosyl chloromethyl ketone analogues prepared from glycine, L-alanine, beta-alanine, L valine, and 6-(N-tosyl-amino)caproic acid were the most potent antineoplastic agents in the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma screen. The N-tosyl diazomethyl ketone analogues synthesized from glycine, L-leucine, and L-proline were the most active of this series in the Ehrlich ascites screen, along with 5-keto-1-tosyl-2 (diazoacetyl)pyrrolidine and the diazomethyl ketone analogues prepared from 6-(N tosylamino)caproic acid. In the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia screen, the N-tosyl chloromethyl ketone prepared from glycine and the compound 5-keto-1-tosyl-2 (diazoacetyl)pyrrolidine were the most active. PMID- 7365743 TI - Synthesis and study of conformationally defined enantiomers of local anesthetics and conformationally defined enantiomers of fluorescent dyes designed to label electrically excitable membranes. AB - Conformationally defined enantiomeric local anesthetics and fluorescent dyes were synthesized. Neither the local anesthetics nor the fluorescent probes showed stereospecificity in interacting with nerve membranes. The fluorescence signals generated by the dyes showed excellent correlation with the time course and shape of the nerve action potential. PMID- 7365744 TI - Serotonin receptor affinities of psychoactive phenalkylamine analogues. AB - Employing a rat fundus model, the serotonin (5-HT) receptor affinities of 45 phenalkylamine analogues were determined. Phenethylamine and phenylisopropylamine possess relatively low receptor affinities; in general, mono-, di-, and trimethoxylation enhance affinity. Of the disubstituted compounds, methoxyl groups at the 2 and 5 positions are optimal for imparting a high affinity. 4 Methylation, 4-ethylation and 4-bromination also enhance receptor affinity, while N,N-dimethylation of the terminal amine decreases affinity. alpha-Methylation of phenethylamines has little effect on affinity when racemates are examined. Introduction of a benzylic keto group can either increase or decrease affinity, depending upon the presence of other aromatic substituents. The most behaviorally active compounds were found to possess the highest 5-HT receptor affinities, while less active compounds were found to possess lower affinities. PMID- 7365746 TI - Mechanism of decomposition of N-hydroxyacetaminophen, a postulated toxic metabolite of acetaminophen. AB - The decomposition of N-hydroxyacetaminophen (N-acetyl-N-hydroxy-p-aminophenol, 2), a postulated toxic metabolite of acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, 1) in aqueous solution is quantitatively accounted for by the appearance of equimolar amounts of p-nitrosophenol and acetaminophen. The rate of decomposition depends on initial concentration and varies with pH. Antioxidants decrease the rate of decomposition and change the products. In the presence of cysteine, N-acetyl-3-(S cysteine)-p-aminophenol, an in vivo metabolite of acetaminophen, is a product of decomposition. PMID- 7365745 TI - Cyclophosphamide potentiation and aldehyde oxidase inhibition by phosphorylated aldehydes and acetals. AB - Fourteen phosphorylated acetals and aldehydes were synthesized for testing in vitro as inhibitors or substrates of aldehyde oxidase, an enzyme involved in the conversion of aldophosphamide to inactive carboxyphosphamide, and for concurrent in vivo administration with cyclophosphamide to mice bearing L1210 ascites tumor cells. Five phosphorus derivatives gave Ki values of 0.1--0.3 mM compared to 0.03 mM for pyridoxal, as determined in aldehyde oxidase assays using N methylnicotinamide as the substrate. The most active phosphorus inhibitor, ethyl phenyl(2-formylethyl)phosphinate (2b), and pyridoxal were further shown to give competitive and mixed inhibition, respectively. Three aldehydes, administered concurrently with cyclophosphamide, produced greater increases in life span of L1210-implanted mice than did pyridoxal. All four agents gave an average increase in life span greater than 50% over that shown by cyclophosphamide alone. PMID- 7365747 TI - Structure--taste relationship of perillartine and nitro- and cyanoaniline derivatives. AB - The relationship between structure and taste potency of perillartine and its analogues was investigated quantitatively by physicochemical parameters and regression analysis. The results indicated that the hydrophobicity estimated from the 1-octanol/water partition coefficient and the molecular widths from the bond axis connecting the oxime carbon and alicyclic ring are important, regardless of whether the taste is sweet or bitter, so far as the taste potency is concerned. The SAR for the sweet/bitter ratio was not established quantitatively, but the molecular width and thickness and the position-specific electronic effect seem to delineate the ratio qualitatively; i.e., in principle, the wider and/or the thicker the molecule, the more bitter the taste. Comparatively, the QSAR of 5 nitro- and 5-cyanoaniline sweetners was formulated to show the insignificance of the hydrophobicity within the compounds investigated but the importance of the steric dimensions in determining the activity. PMID- 7365749 TI - Convenient synthesis of 10-deazaaminopterin via a pteridine ylide. AB - 10-Deazaaminopterin, a potential antitumor agent now undergoing clinical trials, has been synthesized by a new approach involving the Wittig reaction. The ylide obtained by reaction of 6-(bromomethyl)-2,4-pteridinediamine with triphenylphosphine in Me2NAc, followed by treatment with NaOMe, underwent smooth reaction with diethyl N-(4-formylbenzoyl)-L-glutamate to give the vinyl precursor of the subject compound. Catalytic hydrogenation (Pt in glacial AcOH) of this product at ambient conditions led to uptake of 3 molar equiv of H2. Exposure to air during saponification of the ester groupings apparently gave the 7,8-dihydro compound according to UV spectral data, and further oxidation with H2O2 led to 10 deazaaminopterin. PMID- 7365748 TI - Modification of the 5' position of purine nucleosides. 2. Synthesis and some cardiovascular properties of adenosine-5'-(N-substituted)carboxamides. AB - We have shown previously that the esters of adenosine-5'-carboxylic acid (10) represent a new class of potent nontoxic coronary vasodilators. For example, the ethyl ester (12), which is active by an intraduodenal or intravenous route in dogs, causes a large increase in coronary sinus PO2 and coronary blood flow. Because of the pronounced vasoactive properties of the esters of adenosine-5' carboxylic acid, a systematic study of the corresponding amides (14--50) was undertaken. In addition, several other analogues containing the N1-oxide function (51--52) or 2',3' substituents (3--9, 53--54) were studied. PMID- 7365750 TI - Synthesis and anticancer activity of nitrosourea derivatives of phensuximide. AB - Nitrosourea derivatives 9--13 which utilize phensuximide (1) as the carrier were synthesized as potential central nervous system antitumor agents. The N-(2 chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea 13 was active in the mouse ependymoblastoma brain tumor system, as well as the intraperitoneal L1210 leukemia system. PMID- 7365751 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of some 15-oxaestranes. AB - The estrogenic activity of orally administered 15-oxaestrone was evaluated by the uterotropic assay in rats and was found to be 12 times greater than that of estrone. In addition, several analogues of 15-oxaestrone were prepared and their estrogenic potency was determined. PMID- 7365753 TI - Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) and La Crosse virus. II. Modification of mosquito feeding behavior by virus infection. PMID- 7365752 TI - Conformational energy differences between side chain alkylated analogues of the hallucinogen 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane. AB - Theoretical conformational energy calculations were carried out for the (+) and ( ) isomers of the hallucinogen 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM, STP). Energies were also calculated for two analogues of DOM, 1-amino-1 (2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzyl)cyclopropane and 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2 methyl-2-aminopropane. This method utilized classical, empirical potential-energy functions. A previously proposed active conformational region was studied. Compounds could be ranked in order of potency based on relative conformational energies in this region. Measurement of 13C spin--lattice relaxation times (T1) for the two alpha, alpha-disubstituted DOM analogues confirmed theoretical predictions of very restricted conformational freedom for the dimethyl compound but more flexibility for the cyclopropane analogue. PMID- 7365754 TI - Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) and associated ixodid ticks in South-central Connecticut, USA. PMID- 7365755 TI - The optimal radiation dose for competitive males of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae). PMID- 7365756 TI - Ingestion of erythrocytes containing 51Cr-labeled hemoglobin by Psoroptes cuniculi (Acari: Psoroptidae). PMID- 7365757 TI - Development of a Panamanian strain of Leishmania mexicana in co-indigenous Lutzomyia sanguinaria and Lu. gomezi (Diptera: Psychodidae). PMID- 7365758 TI - An overall genetic risk assessment for radiological protection purposes. AB - Risks of serious hereditary damage in the first and second generations after low level radiation exposure and at equilibrium were calculated by using a doubling dose of 100 rem (based on experimental work with the mouse) and by considering separately the various categories of genic and chromosomal defect. Prenatal lethality has not been included. It is estimated that after the exposure of a population of future parents to a collective dose of 1 million man-rem, about 125 extra cases of serious genetic ill health would appear in children and grandchildren. In all future generations, a total of about 320 cases is expected, provided the population remains of constant size. It is emphasised, however, that a number of major assumptions have to be made in order to arrive at any overall genetic risk estimate, so that the confidence limits of these figures are bound to be wide. PMID- 7365759 TI - Inbreeding effects on fetal growth and development. PMID- 7365761 TI - Dominant inheritance in a family with primary atrophic rhinitis. AB - Primary atrophic rhinitis is an uncommon condition which presents with crusts in the nose. The nasal mucosa is dry and atrophied and the nasal cavities are abnormally wide. We report a large London Irish family with an affected father with fifteen children. Eight of these have primary atrophic rhinitis. Symptoms appear around puberty, and there was one case in the third generation with an affected mother. The nasal appearances of the affected members varied considerably and many hid their disease well. The family fits well with dominant inheritance. A familial aetiology for primary atrophic rhinitis is a more attractive theory than those previously postulated. PMID- 7365760 TI - Sickle cell disease in Sicily. AB - The chemical and physical properties of haemoglobin S derived from homozygotes for this haemoglobin in Sicily were examined, as well as some erythrocytic characteristics. Sicilian Hb S was identical to that found in USA black patients in electrophoretic mobility on both starch and citrate agar media, solubility, mechanical precipitation rate of oxyhaemoglobins, and minimum gelling concentration, as well as by peptide mapping and amino-acid analysis of all beta chain peptides. Taken together with the presence in Sicily of African blood group markers and certain historical considerations, it seems clear that the source of Hb S in Sicily is Africa. While the clinical severity in nine Sicilian children did not seem remarkably different from the disease in the USA, the most severe and fatal complications were not seen. Mean Hb F Was 10.5% and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) values were higher in Sicilian homozygotes than in black USA counterparts (21.79 mumol/g Hb vs 15.16). Red cell AT values were also slightly higher in Sicilian patients. The presence of concomitant thalassaemia was excluded by both family studies and globin chain synthetic ratios. In conclusion, haemoglobin S in Sicilian homozygotes is identical to Hb S found in USA blacks. Although the severity of the disease seems quite similar in both groups of patients, other erythrocytic properties were found to be different. Whether these factors influence severity remains to be elucidated. PMID- 7365762 TI - Sex-influenced expression of Madelung's deformity in a family of dyschondrosteosis. AB - Dyschondrosteosis is a mesomelic form of short stature which occurs in conjunction with a characteristic wrist deformity. Madelung's deformity. A family with dyschondrosteosis had an affected father and two daughters. The affected females had dyschondrosteosis and Madelung's deformity, while the affected males had dyschondrosteosis, but no Madelung's deformity. All affected members had arthralgias. The occurrence of male to male transmission confirms an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern for this disorder. PMID- 7365763 TI - High resolution of a small pericentric inversion of chromosome 11. AB - A pericentric inversion 11 (p11q13.3) segragating in two generations is described. A high degree of resolution of the inversion was achieved by using prophase and prometaphase chromosomes from methotrexate-synchronised cells. The inversion occurred in a mother and three of her ten children. It had no detectable clinical consequences. PMID- 7365764 TI - Familial caudal regression anomalad and maternal diabetes. PMID- 7365765 TI - Agenesis of the corpus callosum with mosaicism 46,XY/47,XY, extra ring chromosome. AB - A case of agenesis of the corpus callosum with a chromosomal abnormality is reported. The patient was a male infant, born to phenotypically normal, non consanguineous parents. He had an abnormal phenotype, mental retardation, and chromosome mosaicism 46,XY/47,XY,+r. Chromosomal analysis of both parents showed a normal karotype. The origin of the small ring chromosome could not be determined and it is difficult to relate the phenotype of the infant to the cytogenetic findings. PMID- 7365766 TI - Complex chromosomal rearrangement leading to partial trisomy 22. AB - We have examined a boy with a peculiar facial appearance and mental retardation. Cytogenetic studies showed 47,XY, monosomy 22, two marker chromosomes, M1 and M2. The karotype is interpreted as functionally partial trisomy 22. Chromosome analyses of both parents and three sibs were normal. PMID- 7365767 TI - Concurrence of anorexia nervosa and yellow mutant albinism. AB - A review of published clinical reports shows that anorexia nervosa has been found in association with several genetic anomalies, principally gonosomal aneuploidy. An additional, and unique, association is described here: a case of anorexia nervosa in a patient with the yellow mutant form of oculocutaneous albinism and no other apparent chromosomal abnormalities. While the concurrence of these two disorders in a single person is apparently a chance phenomenon, our review of experimental publications shows that feeding disturbances also occur in yellow mutant mice. Such complementary findings suggest the need for continuing investigation of the genetic foundations of eating behaviour. PMID- 7365768 TI - Simultaneous G- and C- banding for human chromosomes. PMID- 7365769 TI - Covesdem syndrome. PMID- 7365770 TI - Dermatoglyphic findings in Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome. PMID- 7365771 TI - Practice location preferences at entry to medical school. AB - Previous studies of the geographical maldistribution of physicians suggest that choice of practice location follows from specialty selection and residency location, although it is plausible that the causal order is reversed. To aid in disentangling the causal order, the locational preferences of entering medical students are analyzed. The findings show that the majority of students prefer a small town or mid-size city for practice and about 70 percent prefer primary care -general practice, internal medicine, or pediatrics. Moreover, nearly 60 percent desire a solo or small-group practice of no more than five physicians. Unexpectedly, the factor which best predicts preference for practice locale is not specialty but form of practice organization, which explains 13 percent of the variance in selected geographic location when other factors are controlled. The relationship between preferences for solo or small-group practice and small or mid-size communities may be explained by a common underlying disposition to independence, autonomy, and freedom from bureaucratic control. PMID- 7365772 TI - A conceptual framework for teaching geriatrics in a family medicine residency. AB - There is increasing recognition of the need for educational programs in geriatric medicine, a previously neglected area of medical education. Such training is particularly important in family medicine residencies because primary care physicians have provided the bulk of health care to the elderly and probably will continue to do so. There are many advantages to using a competency-based curriculum model in developing such an educational program in geriatric medicine. The competency-based model clearly states educational objectives and identifies pertinent instructional resources and evaluation methods. A competency-based curriculum model is described which divides competencies under four major goals: understanding principles of geriatric medicine, obtaining and interpreting data, managing geriatric patients, and working as a member of a health care team. Sample objectives for each goal are described, and experience using this model in a family residency is reviewed. PMID- 7365773 TI - Curricula and organization of primary care residencies in internal medicine. AB - This report describes the differences in organization and curricula of primary care and traditional residencies in internal medicine. Representatives from 59 of 337 internal medicine residencies responding to a survey in 1977-78 (17.5 percent) described a residency program which emphasized primary care. The mean number of first-year residents in each program was 4.9; second-year, 4.6; and third-year, 4.3. A National Resident Matching Program number different from the number used by the traditional residency program at that institution was used for the primary care track by 47 percent of the respondents. Residents in primary care programs spent 38 percent of their training in ambulatory care, significantly more than the 21 percent spent by traditional residents. Primary care residents spent 48 percent of ambulatory care training time in continuity of care experiences, compared with 39 percent for traditional residents. Primary care programs also offered more electives in specialties outside of internal medicine. Out-of-hospital ambulatory practices and neighborhood health centers were also utilized more frequently by primary care programs. PMID- 7365774 TI - Psychiatry as an internal medicine subspecialty: an educational model. AB - Psychiatry has been integrated into the Department of Internal Medicine at the West Virginia University School of Medicine as a means of ameliorating the educational and patient care deficiencies engendered by the traditional mind-body dichotomy in medical education. A major project derived from this merger of clinical and teaching activities has been the transformation of the university hospital psychiatric ward in to the Conjoint Medicine Service. This service, to which patients with a variety of emotional and medical problems are admitted, is staffed by medical house officers and a general internist in a close collaborative relationship with the Department of Psychiatry. The nursing care is oriented toward patient education, exemplified by group sessions. House staff and students are trained to recognize and evaluate the underlying emotional and interrelational factors which affect each patient's health status and prognosis as a routine part of a comprehensive medical work-up. Student and patient acceptance of this integrated approach has been enthusiastic. PMID- 7365775 TI - Teaching residents to read the medical literature. AB - A seminar series was developed in a family medicine training program to provide residents with skills to interpret medical studies critically. Sessions were designed to be oriented clinically, focused on methodology, and dependent on active resident participation. Subjective evaluation by perticipants was favorable. Residents who completed the series had higher scores on a practical examination of article analysis skills than a comparison group. PMID- 7365776 TI - The annual third-year resident rampage: a separation crisis of manageable proportions. PMID- 7365777 TI - Physician education in sleep disorders. PMID- 7365778 TI - Experience with a family-practice-resident-directed obstetrical clinic. PMID- 7365779 TI - Student evaluations of a required sex education course. PMID- 7365780 TI - Selected psychometric properties of two clinical simulation tests. PMID- 7365782 TI - Killing the messenger. PMID- 7365781 TI - Simulation of skin diseases for teaching dermatological diagnosis. PMID- 7365783 TI - Results of the NRMP for 1980. PMID- 7365785 TI - Intraocular lens implantation: a series presentation. PMID- 7365786 TI - Radiologic seminar CC: obstructive jaundice secondary to carcinoma of the gallbladder. PMID- 7365787 TI - National Health Insurance--can we afford it? PMID- 7365784 TI - The complete rate equation, including the explicit dependence on Na+ ions, for the influx of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid into mouse brain slices. AB - The rate equation, including dependence on Na+-ion concentration for the influx of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid into mouse brain slices incubated in isotonic glucose medium at 37 degrees C, is v = 0.402 S/(1.02(1 + 788/[Na+]2)+S)+0.0477S, where v = influx in mu mol/min, g final wet wt of slices; [Na+] = concentbutyric acid in medium, in mM. This equation shows two kinetically independent, parallel pathways of concentrative uptake: one, saturable and dependent on Na+; the other, unsaturable and independent of Na+. Influx is independent of ionic strength, Cl- ion per se, and a moderate increase in tonicity. The binding of substrate to the saturable carrier depends on the Na+ concentration; the maximum capacity of this carrier does not. For transport, 2 Na+ ions must interact with each saturable transport site. This does not imply coupling between the flux of Na+ and the flux of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid. PMID- 7365788 TI - Radiologic seminar CCI: Cystic lymphangioma--a consideration in asymptomatic, massive, cystic splenomegaly. PMID- 7365789 TI - Energy minimizations of rubredoxin. PMID- 7365790 TI - Synthesis and genomic site for an adenovirus type 2 early glycoprotein. PMID- 7365791 TI - Chromatin structure of the ribosomal RNA genes of Tetrahymena thermophila as analyzed by trimethylpsoralen crosslinking in vivo. PMID- 7365792 TI - An analogue of the binding polynomial for the case of ligands binding to an aggregating macromolecule. PMID- 7365793 TI - Deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin: phase transformation from fiber to a new monoclinic crystalline form. PMID- 7365794 TI - Structure of the regular surface layer of Spirillum putridiconchylium. PMID- 7365795 TI - The structure of adenovirus 2 early nuclear and cytoplasmic RNAs. PMID- 7365796 TI - Structure of chitin-protein complexes: ovipositor of the ichneumon fly Megarhyssa. PMID- 7365797 TI - On the use of chemically derived distance constraints in the prediction of protein structure with myoglobin as an example. PMID- 7365798 TI - An ultrastructural study of the craniocaudal continuation of the glycogen body. AB - An ultrastructural analysis of the chicken glycogen body and its craniocaudal continuation areas shows a continuum of astroglial cell types. Characteristic glycogen body astroglia are confined to the classically defined body located in the chicken lumbosacral spinal cord. These are large cells which have an eccentric dark nucleus surrounded by a rim of dense cytoplasm which contains the usual complement of organelles. The remainder of the cell volume is occupied by alpha and beta glycogen particles interspersed with a flocculo-granular material continuous with the main cytoplasmic mass. Astroglial cells of continuation areas usually have a light cytoplasm and a centrally placed nucleus. They contain beta glycogen particles of varying sizes, but like the glycogen body cells, may have beta particles as large as 48 nm. Such particles, which resemble four leaf clovers in shape, are suggestive of an ordered substructure. Gliofilaments are not always conspicuous in astroglial perikarya, but large numbers of them are present in the processes. Although the continuation areas are mostly confined to gray matter regions, the contained astroglial processes exhibit circular, triangular, or cylindrical shapes and form an unpatterned mosaic. Astrocytic processes forming the glia limitans on the anterior and posterior margins of the cord often contain conspicuous amounts of glycogen. The ultrastructural identification of such large amounts of glycogen within the chicken nervous system suggests that it plays a major role in avian neural metabolism. PMID- 7365799 TI - Organogenesis of the colon in rats. AB - Colonic organogenesis in rats was studied using light microscopic techniques for the demonstration of mucosubstances, glycogen, and connective tissue fibers. Crypts began as intraepithelial spaces which were in continuity with the colonic lumen. The cells forming the floors of these invaded the nonsulfated acid glycosaminoglycan-rich mesenchyme as the basement membrane became discontinuous. As the diameter of the colon increased, the crypts lengthened and the lamina propria thickened until a layer of collagen and sulfated acid glycosaminoglycans formed at the bases of the crypts and the basement membrane was reestablished. The circular layer of the muscularis externa developed first, then the longitudinal layer, and finally the muscularis mucosae. Three types of mucous cells arose in these newly formed crypts. The initial epithelial cell type contained glycogen and gave rise to cells with apical coats of nonsulfated acid glycoproteins. This cell type was followed by the appearance of cells at the bases of the crypts containing nonsulfated acid glycoproteins. As the crypts lengthened, the goblet cells near the base contained nonsulfated and/or sulfated acid glycoproteins. Closer to and on the surface, the cells contained sulfated acid glycoproteins, a mixture of sulfated acid and neutral glycoproteins, or just neutral glycoproteins. Striated-border cells appeared intermingled with the mucous cells close to the bases of the crypts and continued onto the surface. A comparison was made between regeneration following placement of a surgical lesion in adult rats and events in organogenesis of the colon. PMID- 7365800 TI - Regeneration of colonic mucosa in the rat. AB - As part of a study of ulcer formation and healing, regeneration of colonic mucosa in rats was studied following placement of a surgical lesion. Alterations in mucosubstances and connective tissue were examined and their possible significance discussed. The sequence of events in healing was: 1) The mucosa adjacent to the lesion tipped into the lesioned area. The crypts in this mucosa became lined with cells which contained no mucus and had no striated borders. Later in the experimental period, these undifferentiated cells gave rise to cells containing carboxymucins. Cells containing sulfomucin, neutral mucin, or having striated borders arose from the carboxymucin cells. 2) An epithelial ledge of undifferentiated cells migrated onto a sulfated glycosaminoglycan, fibrous interface between necrotic and living tissue in the lesion. 3) Crypt formation began with the appearance of intraepithelial anlagen. 4) Crypts lengthened by a process of epithelial-connective tissue proliferation from the base of the crypt upwards. Following completion of connective tissue regeneration, crypts formed by invading the reestablished lamina propria. 5) The first mucous cells in the ledge contained carboxymucins. As crypt formation occurred, these cells gave rise to typical columnar absorptive cells, to cells containing sulfomucins, and to cells containing neutral mucins. 6) Lengthening of crypts ceased following the appearance of a sulfated acid glycosaminoglycan--collagenous layer deep in the submucosa. PMID- 7365801 TI - Visceral anatomy of the Amphisbaenia. AB - Study of the visceral anatomy of 41 specimens of amphisbaenians representing 13 genera shows that they share a very distinct structure which differs from that found in either snakes or typical lizards. The left lung is large while the right is rudimentary or absent (unique); the kidneys are freely suspended in the coelom by a mesentery (unique); the spleen is usually embedded in the anterior end of the pancreas (as in snakes); the gall bladder lies in a notch in the liver, and the kidneys lie opposite each other (as in lizards). The distinctness of this pattern supports the recognition of the Amphisbaenia as a separate suborder of the Squamata. PMID- 7365802 TI - Cultured embryonic chick heart cells: photometric measurement of the cell pulsation and the effects of calcium ions, electrical stimulation and temperature. PMID- 7365803 TI - Cardiac membrane cholesterol in dystrophic and verapamil-treated hamsters. PMID- 7365804 TI - A protective effect of thiopentone on hypoxic heart muscle. PMID- 7365805 TI - The comparative aspects of cell wall chemistry in the green algae (Chlorophyta). AB - The origin of a cell wall was an event of fundamental importance in the evolution of plants. In the green algae, cell walls apparently had independent origins in at least three lines of evolution. In this paper, the components of the cell wall were determined and compared in four filamentous green algae representing the charophycean, chlorophycean and ulvacean evoluationary lines. The walls of all four have hydroxyproline-containing proteins which separate into five or six bands upon SDS gel electrophoresis. Variation does exist, with the charophyte possessing fast moving electrophoretic bands and high hydroxyproline content, the chlorophytes having intermediate movement of bands and lower hydroxyproline content, and the ulvaecean representative possessing slow moving bands and a very low, if not questionable, hydroxyproline and saccharide content. Qualitative and quantitative estimates of wall proteins and sugars have been determined and compared. A hypothetical scheme of cell wall evolution based on these data, those of previous analyses, and recent phylogenetic schemes is presented. Although sound conclusions cannot be made until more information is available, the scheme might help to emphasize the areas most in need of additional research. PMID- 7365806 TI - The radiolysis of tryptophan and leucine with 32P beta-radiation. AB - We have extended earlier experiments on the radiolysis of DL-tryptophan using 32 p beta-radiation to longer reaction times, observing complete destruction of the tryptophan by secondary, non-radiolytic processes. We have also undertaken the irradiation of DL-leucine with 32 P beta's at -196 degrees, achieving radiolyses to the extents of ca. 20-30%, but observing no concomittant asymmetric bias. The implications of these observations are discussed with regard to the Vester Ulbricht mechanism for the origin of optical activity. PMID- 7365807 TI - Amino acid diversity of immunoglobulins as a product of molecular evolution. AB - Based on population genetics theory of the evolution of multigene families, the sequence variability of the variable regions of immunoglobulins compiled by Kabat et al. (1976) has been analysed. An amino acid identity coefficient either within or between species is calculated separately for both the hypervariable and the framework regions. Under the somatic mutation hypothesis, the somatic component of amino acid diversity is in addition to the germ line component and should contribute an amount of change between the hypervariable and framework regions that is independent of the time since the divergence of any two immunoglobulin gene families. The relationship between the identity coefficient of the hypervariable region and that of the framework region is shown to be not in accord with such prediction. The result indicates that the rate of evolutionary accumulation of amino acid replacements in the hypervariable region is roughly three times more rapid than in the framework region and the hypervariability within a species is a necessary consequence of the high evolutionary rate. PMID- 7365808 TI - Origin of life: consideration of alternatives to proteins and nucleic acids. AB - Starting with relatively simple, non-hydrolyzable compounds in aqueous solution, entirely spontaneous condensations give rise to polymers that contain purines, pyrimidines, amino acids, coenzymes, lipid components and even phosphate. The presence of certain lipid micelles allows significant product formation at millimolar substrate concentrations. The first step involves formation of a Michael adduct from alpha-beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and various nucleophiles. Polymerization of these adducts occurs via sequential Knoevenagel condensations. All reactions take place readily at temperatures below 45 degrees. The polymers can act as macromolecular catalysts as evidenced by hydrolytic activity. The purines and pyrimidines in the polymers appear to be capable of both base pairing and stacking interactions with ribonucleic acids. Specific examples of potential alternatives to base pairing are presented. These results are discussed from the standpoint of the spontaneous development of reproducing molecules. Proteins and nucleic acids may be evolutionary developments which have displaced earlier biopolymers. PMID- 7365809 TI - Does the information density of amino acid composition increase? PMID- 7365810 TI - Integrating the teaching of sickle cell anemia into the curriculum of the Cincinnati public school system. AB - In an effort to determine the impact of one aspect of the Cincinnati Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center's educational program, a study of the level of knowledge of sickle cell facts by elementary and secondary school students in the Cincinnati public school system was conducted. An underlying assumption of this study was that a specially adapted sickle cell teaching curriculum in conjunction with in-service training for science teachers by sickle cell education staff was effective and practical. The study provided support for this assumption and has important implications for educating the general public about sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait. This study was undertaken during the 1975-1976 school year, and has subsequently led to the adoption of this sickle cell teaching curriculum by the Cincinnati Board of Education. PMID- 7365811 TI - Hypertension in black and other populations: environmental factors and approaches to management. AB - Hypertension is a major health problem for industrialized as well as developing countries, especially those with sizeable black populations. The author analyzes various aspects of hypertension in black and other populations with emphasis on contributing factors and therapeutic approaches. PMID- 7365812 TI - Hyperthyroidism and ulcerative colitis: report of two cases and a review of the literature. AB - Two cases of coexisting ulcerative colitis and hyperthyroidism are discussed. In both patients, thyrotoxicosis preceded the development of the ulcerative colitis. Exacerbations of the thyroid disease led to exacerbations of ulcerative colitis and consequent difficulty in the management of the patients. Although a review of the literature reveals a possible connection with abnormalities of iodine metabolism in the ulcerative colitis patient, no definite conclusions are drawn. PMID- 7365813 TI - Multiple myeloma: presenting as a neurological disorder. AB - A case is reported of multiple myeloma presenting with signs and symptoms of paraplegia in a patient with a history of hypertension and remote cerebral vascular accident. The laboratory findings of hyperproteinemia and uricemia suggest a protein synthesizing abnormality. This case emphasizes that most patients with protein abnormality should be investigated by protein electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis.Unusual clinical presentation of multiple myeloma may result in an erroneous diagnosis unless proper investigation in the appropriate line is made. PMID- 7365814 TI - The misdiagnosis of black patients with manic depressive illness. AB - It has been shown repeatedly that, contrary to earlier beliefs, blacks may well demonstrate similar prevalence rates for manic depressive illness when compared with whites. Yet the authors believe that black manic depressive patients are frequently misdiagnosed as being chronic undifferentiated schizophrenics and treated with major tranquilizers when lithium is the drug of choice. This contention is supported by three case histories and some institutional dynamics that cause this form of iatrogenic morbidity to continue to prey upon black psychiatric patients. PMID- 7365816 TI - Proposed clinical laboratory regulations: impact on health care delivery. PMID- 7365815 TI - The Health Maintenance Organization: a possible alternative. AB - Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) would appear to be a possible answer to the ever-increasing cost of health care. These organizations have made a remarkable impact on health care delivery since their inception. There is growing acceptance by the general public and the organizations are springing up all over the United States. This trend seems to attest to their popularity. Although not the final answer to the health-care dilemma, health maintenance organizations seem to provide a temporary solution to the problem while the search for a better solution continues. PMID- 7365818 TI - Black leadership in medicine. PMID- 7365817 TI - Management of post-pneumonectomy empyema and bronchopleural fistula in Nigeria. AB - This report reviews our experience with six patients with post-pneumonectomy empyema and bronchopleural fistula over a ten-year period (1969-1978) at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. The most common indications for pneumonectomy in this environment are TB-destroyed lung and suppurative diseases of the lung complicated by massive hemoptysis. Five of the six patients who developed these complications presented with life threatening hemoptysis due to lung abscess and pulmonary aspergillosis. The sixth patient presented with TB destroyed lung.This study shows that these complications are more common following emergency pulmonary resection for suppurative lung diseases and following the removal of the right lung. We have achieved the best results with initial closed chest tube drainage followed by continuous pleural irrigation and later by Clagett procedure or open tube drainage. PMID- 7365819 TI - Esophagopleural fistula: a complication of chest intubation for empyema. AB - This report documents the first recorded patient in the recent literature with an esophageal perforation and an esophagopleural fistula following chest intubation for empyema. It was treated successfully by conservative method with feeding gastrostomy. It is important to realize that tube thoracostomy drainage is not an innocuous procedure and to be alert to this complication, especially in the presence of empyema. PMID- 7365820 TI - Enlarged spleen syndrome. AB - Enlarged spleen without a clear-cut etiology, and believed to be related to malarial infestations, has been referred to as "tropical splenomegaly" and "cryptogenetic splenomegaly." Splenectomy performed in such cases after a failure of antimalarial therapy shows histopathologically, while some of these meet the criteria for tropical splenomegaly, that most were cases of splenic abscess in various stages of formation, and some were lymphosarcoma. In sickle cell disease, one sequence of events involving the spleen is intermittent painful splenic infarction leading to splenic abscess or shrunken, fibrotic, and probably functionless spleen. It is proposed that an elective splenectomy may be indicated in cases of sickle cell disease to forestall this outcome. It is also proposed that an enlarged spleen that fails to respond to antimalarial medication after a certain period should be removed to establish the correct diagnosis, to prevent rupture, and to determine definitive management. PMID- 7365821 TI - States of consciousness. AB - The art of psychiatry offers many different viewpoints from which to catalog behavior and thinking styles and, therefore, many physicians tend to have difficulty in conceptualizing features of behavioral medicine. A classification of states of consciousness with clinical examples of such states is presented to aid in a more clear understanding of human behavior. PMID- 7365822 TI - Experience with clomiphene and bromocryptine in the treatment of infertility. AB - Eighty-nine patients with defective ovulation were treated either with clomiphene citrate, with or without human chorionic gonadotrophin, or bromocryptine. The pregnancy rate in the two groups was 33.3 and 28.6 percent, respectively. There were no major complications in this study; the merits of these regimens in a unit without facilities for endocrine study are discussed. PMID- 7365823 TI - Conjunctival biopsy in sarcoidosis. AB - Excisional biopsy, under slit lamp visualization, makes conjunctival biopsies a viable alternative to bronchoscopy as the initial diagnostic step. The authors report their experience on excisional biopsies of the palpebral conjunctiva in 16 patients suspected of having sarcoidosis. PMID- 7365824 TI - Iliac-vena caval fistula: an uncommon acute traumatic arteriovenous fistula. AB - Acute traumatic arteriovenous fistulas in major abdominal vessels are relatively rare. They are often difficult to detect without arteriography in a patient with multiple injuries, without a nonexpanding hematoma. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of an acute traumatic iliac-vena caval fistula. The value of arteriography in diagnosis and the need for early recognition and operation of these lesions are stressed. Definitive arterial and venous reconstruction should be performed whenever feasible. PMID- 7365825 TI - Simplified irradiation dosimetry in carcinoma of the cervix (external irradiation and one radium insertion). AB - Gynecologic radiation oncologists have long desired a single unit by which radiation doses to specific reference points in the pelvis can be summed. The Patterns of Care Studies, Marcial's 1976 report to the Conference on Radiation Oncology of the American Cancer Society, and other radiation oncologists advise summed doses to Point A, Point B, or the pelvic side wall. Since there is a difference in the biologic effect of high intensity, long time interval teletherapy and low intensity, short time interval brachytherapy, the rad dose obtained from each modality cannot be simply added. Ellis and Sorenson in the Nominal Standard Dose (NSD) concept have described radium conversion factors that can be used to normalize brachytherapy rads at selected reference points to equivalent teletherapy rad. The two rad doses can then be summed. A simple method found useful in 50 cases of carcinoma of the cervix, and used with a computer or readily available reference tables and with any radium system, is described and discussed. Further clinical uses of the method are suggested. PMID- 7365827 TI - NMA activities. An address. PMID- 7365828 TI - Basics of catheterization and catheter care. AB - There are scant audiovisual materials and few monographs relating to equipment, description, and usage in catheter technique and catheter care. Often residents, interns, nurses, and paraprofessionals have sketchy information about the practical aspects of the subject. This paper is intended to give such practical information. PMID- 7365826 TI - Fatal cryptococcosis in a patient with chronic renal failure: a case report. AB - Wide dissemination of cryptococcus neoformans is unusual in man. The authors present a patient who had fatal cryptococcosis following corticosteroid therapy for chronic renal failure. Current views of diagnosis and therapy are discussed. PMID- 7365829 TI - Apartheid and medical education: the training of black doctors in South Africa. PMID- 7365830 TI - Bilateral pulmonary fibro-cavitary disease and eosinophilia. PMID- 7365831 TI - Air evacuation of thermally injured patients: principles of treatment and results. AB - During the 12-month period January through December 1978 148 thermally injured patients were aeromedically transported to our burn unit by either helicopter or fixed-wing aircraft. One hundred twenty-nine patients (87%) were evacuated within 48 hours of injury. Treatment by a general surgeon and ICU nurse sent to the local hospital consisted of: insertion of 87 catheters, immediate pulmonary care in 20 patients, escharotomy in six patients, and adjustment of intravenous fluid administration in 42 patients. Thirty-six per cent of patients were considered too unstable clinically to transport until therapy had been rendered. No patients died in flight, and six per cent of all patients aeromedically evacuated were considered clinically unstable when they arrived on the burn ward. Overall mortality was not adversely affected by transportation of acutely burned patients over long distances. PMID- 7365832 TI - Morbidity of colostomy closure following colon trauma. AB - Recent reports have suggested alternative procedures to temporary colostomy because of the high morbidity associated with its closure. The charts of 137 patients, who had colostomy closure following colostomies for trauma, were reviewed. Barium enema was helpful in the preoperative evaluation in selected patients. Early closure in uncomplicated cases was not associated with greater problems. Fourteen patients had postoperative complications for an overall morbidity of 10.2%. There were no deaths in the series. Colostomy closure in the trauma patient appears to be safer than in patients whose colostomy is constructed for nontraumatic reasons. Meticulous technique, including leaving the skin and subcutaneous tissue open, is essential. It is concluded that the principle of diverting or exteriorized colostomy in the trauma patient should not be abandoned because of hazards of subsequent closure. PMID- 7365833 TI - Fragment analysis in maxillofacial injuries: the tripod fracture. AB - An analysis of the radiographic signs in 125 consecutive operated cases of tripod fracture was performed. The incidence of direct and indirect signs of fracture and associated fractures of the head and neck were noted. The normal anatomy of the zygomatic articulation is reviewed and optimum radiographic stereo Caldwell, and direct PA views, and orthopantomogram, are recommended. PMID- 7365834 TI - Arterial combat injuries of the upper extremity. AB - The results of treatment of 101 combat injuries of the upper extremities are reported. There were 84 acute injuries and 17 late complications. There was a high incidence of associated fractures (35%) and nerve lesions (51%). Over half the injuries were repaired by saphenous vein graft replacement. There were seven early amputations related to a long delay before treatment, extensive tissue damage, and sepsis with delayed hemorrhage. There were no late amputations, but residual neurologic damage gave a less than perfect result in 32 extremities. Two injuries resulted in Volkmann's contracture. Fracture specific to the management of upper-extremity arterial injuries are outlined. PMID- 7365835 TI - Acute renal failure in the 1973 Middle East war--experience of a specialized base hospital: effect of the site of injury. AB - All battle casualties admitted to a specialized base hospital were surveyed for early signs of acute renal failure (ARF), and diuresis was induced in high-risk subjects. Sixty of 1.147 cases developed ARF. Statistical analysis showed that ARF was more frequently observed with multiple injuries, as well as with single injuries of the abdomen, proximal lower limb, and the head and cervical spine. These were therefore considered as critical sites of injury. The relation of urine output, incidence of septic complications, and mortality rate to the site(s) and multiplicity of trauma is discussed, along with the probable mechanism(s) of ARF following each of the critical injuries. PMID- 7365836 TI - Blunt abdominal trauma with jejunal injury: a review. AB - Jejunal perforation is relatively common following focal blunt abdominal trauma. The mortality rate remains in the region of 30%. Significant factors affecting mortality are therapeutic delay of 24 hours or more, and multiple injuries. The commonest clinical features are abdominal pain, tenderness, and guarding, diminished or absent bowel sounds and signs of hypovolemia. Diagnostic difficulty is presented by the patient with an impaired level of consciousness and/or associated remote injuries which may distract the clinician from the abdomen. Delayed rupture may also occur, and observation should continue for at least 48 to 72 hours with a warning to return immediately if pain recurs. Straight abdominal and chest radiography are of limited diagnostic value, but nevertheless may prove helpful in 50% of cases. All patients with multiple injuries, particularly in the presence of a head injury with an impaired level of consciousness should be submitted to diagnostic abdominal paracentesis. A negative result should prompt diagnostic peritoneal lavage. Early diagnosis and aggressive therapy are essential if the mortality is to be reduced. To this end careful, frequent abdominal assessment should be practiced, with immediate laparotomy if clinical parameters deteriorate, or do not improve over a 12 to 18 hour period. PMID- 7365837 TI - Yoruba traditional bonesetters: the practice of orthopaedics in a primitive setting in Nigeria. AB - Enquiries involving 165 Yoruba traditional healers revealed that the practice of surgery by these healers is rudimentary. Three traditional bonesetters were visited and interviewed extensively about their methods of diagnosis and treatment of fractures. Treatment sessions of one of the bonesetters were attended by the author and some aspects of his management were photographed. Case histories of two inpatients were recorded. The merits and demerits of the practice of traditional bonesetters are highlighted. Bonesetting as practiced by the Yoruba was compared and contrasted with similar treatment by other ethnic groups in Nigeria and with accounts available in the literature about other places like Liberia, Mali, East Africa, India, and China. The need to encourage Yoruba bonesetters to refer difficult cases to a modern hospital is stressed. PMID- 7365838 TI - Povidone-iodine and tensile strength of wounds in rats. AB - The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that povidone-iodine would inhibit the recovery of tensile strength in a healing wound. Clean, incised dorsal wounds in rats were soaked in 1% povidone-iodine solution for 15 minutes; control wounds were soaked in lactated Ringer's solution before closure. Tensile strength measurements and histologic studies were conducted at 1, 2, and 6 weeks. No statistical differences in the rate of gain of tensile strength or histological appearance were noted between control and experimental wounds. It is concluded that brief irrigation of clean incised wounds with povidone-iodine solution does not affect factors important in the recovery of tensile strength during would healing, such as fibroplasia and collagen cross-linking. PMID- 7365839 TI - The disappearing ellipse: a new sign of a linear skull fracture. AB - A linear nondepressed skull fracture may be seen as two connecting lines because slight angulation of the beam of radiation results in separate visualization of the fracture as it crosses the outer table and then the inner table. These two lucent lines form an elliptical shape. A second projection can result in superimposition of the inner and outer table fractures, and the elliptical configuration is no longer seen. This disappearing ellipse is offered as an additional sign of a linear skull fracture which can help differentiate such fractures from vascular grooves. PMID- 7365840 TI - Ventricular septal defect from blunt chest injury. AB - The spectrum of cardiac trauma resulting from blunt injuries to the chest or decelerating injuries is wide and ranges from mild cardiac contusion to cardiac rupture. Ventricular septal defect can result from such injuries, either immediate or delayed, and is best corrected electively, but severe cardiorespiratory disturbance may necessitate emergency operation. Repair is performed electively if possible, but emergency repair can be successfully accomplished when necessary and requires careful reinforcing of sutures and patches. This is a case report of a successful emergency repair of ventricular septal defect resulting from blunt chest injury. PMID- 7365841 TI - Bilateral elbow dislocations with intra-articular displacement of the medial epicondyles. AB - Described is a case of bilateral epicondylar entrapment following fracture dislocations of elbows in a 13-year-old girl who fell while performing on parallel bars. Close manipulative reduction was unsuccessful. Open reduction and internal fixation yielded excellent results. Ulnar nerves were not transposed anteriorly as has been recommended by some authors. Long-term follow-up in five previous cases has shown no evidence of tardy ulnar nerve palsy. The need for transposing the ulnar nerve is questioned. PMID- 7365842 TI - Traumatic "windblown knees": case report of bilateral knee ligament rupture of the opposite compartment of contralateral knees. AB - An unusual case of rupture of the medial and posterior ligaments of the left knee, and lateral ligaments of the right knee, due to a direct vehicular blow is reported. Surgical repair of the left knee and conservative treatment of the right (lateral ligaments) gave excellent results. The types of lesions produced on each knee could almost be predicted by the sites of skin abrasions. PMID- 7365843 TI - Fracture of distal medial femoral epiphysis with subluxation of the knee joint. AB - A case of complete posterior displacement of a Salter-Harris Type III distal medial femoral epiphysis fracture with posterior subluxation of the knee is reported. Invagination of the gastrocnemius muscle by the displaced fragment was blamed for failure of closed reduction. No significant ligamentous injury of the joint occurred. PMID- 7365844 TI - Management of penetrating pancreatic injuries: subtotal pancreatectomy using the auto suture stapler. AB - Penetrating injuries of the pancreas have been accompanied by significant morbidity and mortality. A technique using the TA-55 Auto Suture Stapler (United States Surgical Corp., Stamford, CT) in patients with pancreatic trauma has been developed and employed clinically. The technical aspects of this simplified technique and its role in the prevention of postoperative complications of pancreatectomy are reviewed. This approach supports an aggressive and complete surgical evaluation of pancreatic injuries. PMID- 7365845 TI - Replantation of the totally avulsed scalp. AB - A case report of successful microvascular replantation of a totally avulsed scalp is presented. The scalp itself, in good condition, was used as a free flap. Following operation, the right temporal artery was patent; the left was not. Repair of the left temporal artery was not attempted but large thrombi were milked from the scalp veins. Excellent perfusion of the scalp was provided through the right side. Hair growth began soon after operation, spotty at first but eventually excellent. PMID- 7365847 TI - Life or death for burn patients? PMID- 7365846 TI - Embolism of cerebral tissue to lungs following gunshot wound to head. AB - The case history of a 28-year-old man who sustained a gunshot wound to the head and developed multiple pulmonary emboli composed of cerebral tissue is presented. The brain tissue fragments probably entered the severed end of a bridging vein, traveled along the superior sagittal sinus, and gained access to the internal jugular vein and systemic venous return. PMID- 7365848 TI - Management of penetrating injuries of the internal carotid artery at the base of the skull utilizing extracranial-intracranial bypass. AB - Penetrating injuries of the internal carotid artery at the base of the skull often require permanent or transient occlusion of the injured vessel during repair. Extracranial-intracranial bypass (EC-IC) was employed in five patients to insure adequate cerebral perfusion during cervical exploration. Preoperative neurologic deficits were noted in three patients; two demonstrated complete reversal following EC-IC. This experience suggests that EC-IC can maintain adequate cerebral perfusion during repair of internal carotid injuries and allow selective revascularization of patients with neurologic deficit and carotid occlusion. PMID- 7365849 TI - Self-inflicted gunshot wounds to the face: a review of 18 cases. AB - A 9-year experience at the University of New Mexico affiliated hospitals involving 18 patients with self-inflicted gunshot wounds to the face is reviewed. Almost all were young males, averaging 27.9 years of age. Fourteen patients were Native American, six from the same pueblo. Four shootings were 'accidental' and the rest suicidal. Sixteen patients were intoxicated at the time of injury. Interpersonal conflict with an important female and acculturation difficulties were thought to play major roles. Rifles were most commonly used, and injuries tended to be severe. High muzzle velocity (greater than or equal to 2,000 ft/sec), high muzzle energy (greater than or equal to 2,000 ft-lbs) weapons tended to be the most injurious, and low muzzle energy (less than or equal to 1,000 ft-lbs) guns were related to a lesser extent of injury regardless of muzzle velocity. Patient compliance during reconstruction has been excellent, and functional return to society with gainful employment and a stable marriage has been the rule. Subsequent suicide attempts have been uncommon. PMID- 7365850 TI - Traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the superior mesenteric vessels. AB - A case of traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the superior mesenteric vessels is added to a collective review of 16 previous cases. Nausea, vomiting, cramping abdominal pain, diarrhea, abdominal thrill and bruit were usually present. Arteriography was diagnostic. Four patients operated upon immediately or within 11 hours after penetrating abdominal trauma had superior mesenteric arteriovenous injuries repaired; the remainder had a mesenteric vascular injury missed at initial laparotomy. The location of the fistula determined the method of repair. Spontaneous obliteration occurred in one patient. In two of the three deaths, portal hypertension was persent and a fistula was discovered at autopsy; the other occurred 3 months after massive bowel resection. Thorough exploration of hematomas and lacerations of the mesentery will minimize or eliminate subsequent formation of an arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 7365851 TI - Wounds of the hand contaminated by human or animal saliva. AB - A prospective and retrospective evaluation of 75 patients with hand wounds contaminated by human saliva (35) or animal saliva (40) demonstrates that a program of outpatient management can be sufficient for optimal care in many patients. This series challenges the proposition that hospitalization, radiographs, and surgical debridement are necessary for most such wounds. Sixty seven per cent did not have surgical intervention and no complications resulted. Ninety-two per cent received antibiotics. Radiographs were obtained only when bony injury or entry into a joint was suspected. Delay in seeking treatment until obvious signs of infection or pain are present is common. Literature review details the anatomic factors important in the natural history and control of these infections, and the changes with respect to modes of treatment for these potentially dangerous wounds. The injury is caused by bites with the hand extended or, in fight-bite wounds, with the metacarpal-phalangeal and interphalangeal joints flexed, allowing deeper penetration and then sealing of the wound when the first is opened. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are the organisms most frequently found in human bites, and in animal bites; Pasteurella multocida should be considered in dog and cat bites. PMID- 7365852 TI - An overview of replantation and results of 347 replants in 245 patients. AB - A review of 245 patients requiring replantation surgery from 1970 to 1978 revealed a 70% survival rate for complete amputation. In this group, there were 347 replanted parts, including the lower extremity. Upper-extremity survival rates alone (greater than 90%) are higher than for lower extremity replantation. Meaningful assessment of replantation must include not only survival data but functional criteria as well. While functional data are incomplete on several early cases, our assessment criteria are reviewed. Criteria should include two point discrimination sensibility ratings, grip strength, range of motion, absence of cold intolerance, and return to employment. Evaluation of candidates for replantation is critical, and the importance of teams with microsurgical skills working in special centers is emphasized. PMID- 7365853 TI - Nine cases of bilateral femoral shaft fractures: a composite view. AB - Nine cases of bilateral femoral shaft fractures were seen in a series of 126 patients treated from 1973--1977. Patients were multitrauma cases from automobile accidents. Treatment by traction followed by cast-bracing resulted in a high percentage of unsatisfactory results, lengthy recoveries, and the necessity of secondary surgical procedures to improve the results. PMID- 7365855 TI - The effect of azathioprine on the lung after hemorrhagic shock: a histopathologic study. AB - A study of hemorrhagic shock in anemic dogs suggested a difference in pulmonary histopathology between animals treated with azathioprine and animals in a control group. Hemorrhagic shock for 2 hours without reinfusion produced definite changes in pulmonary anatomy by conventional histology and electron microscopy. The changes consisted of interstitial edema, vascular congestion, and focal atelectasis. Electron microscopic studies showed accumulation of edema fluid with disruption of Type II pneumocytes and the collagen fibrils in the alveolar capillary interstitium. Azathioprine ameliorated the shock state. PMID- 7365854 TI - Effects of 3-methyl-5-isoxazole carboxylic acid on the plasma volume loss induced by thermal trauma. AB - The effects of 3-methyl-5-isoxazole carboxylic acid (MIC) on postburn plasma volume loss have been studied in the anesthetized dog, and the results demonstrated that, when administered before thermal trauma, MIC significantly reduces the plasma volume loss observed at 1 and 2 hours postburn. The reduction of plasma volume loss observed was less than that observed with nicotinic acid administered preburn. A single 0.2-mg dose of MIC/kg body weight given 2 1/2 hours after a 15% body surface area third-degree flame burn significantly reduced the plasma volume loss during the next 4 hours. This effect of MIC was approximately the same as that observed with nicotinic acid under the same conditions. The differences between nicotinic acid and MIC under these conditions were the size of the dose of drug required (0.2 mg/kg of MIC versus 15 mg/kg of nicotinic acid) and the duration of action of the drug (greater than 3 hours for MIC versus 1 hour for nicotinic acid). PMID- 7365856 TI - Forestry injuries and fatalities in New Zealand. AB - A series of 298 forestry injuries and fatalities were studied. The patients form three groups, those with fractures and/or soft-tissue injuries, those injured by chainsaws, and fatalities. Wide publicity is suggested in order to reduce the number of patients injured in forestry work. PMID- 7365857 TI - Influence of fibrinogen levels in dogs on mortality from hemorrhagic and traumatic shock. AB - 1) Fibrinogen levels appear related to the outcome of hemorrhagic shock in dogs. 2) Fibrinogen levels can vary with different animals based on location, disease, stress, nutrition, or other factors. 3) Any experiments in hemorrhagic shock (or anything else) should utilize simultaneous and paired controls of animals from the same source or they may be subject to major error. PMID- 7365858 TI - Transient impotence from positioning on the fracture table. AB - A case of transient impotence caused by pressure from the perineal post of the fracture table is reported. The anatomic position of the pudendal and cavernous nerves appears to account for the impotence. The use of a foam-rubber fitting for the perineal post is recommended. PMID- 7365859 TI - Unusual head trauma by a rearview mirror. AB - An unusual case of penetrating head injury by rearview mirror is reported. The case demonstrates an important mechanical principle that when a relatively small impact is applied over a small area, it is converted to a large force with potential to cause substantial tissue damage. At 1-year followup the patient showed no complications, following craniotomy and removal of the foreign body. PMID- 7365860 TI - Complete dislocation of a little finger metacarpal phalangeal joint treated by closed technique. AB - Complete dorsal dislocation of the metacarpal phalangeal joint almost always requires an open reduction. This case report presents an unusual set of circumstances allowing a closed reduction to be performed. The metacarpal phalangeal joint of the patients' little finger was reduced before the carpal metacarpal joint, followed by placement of percutaneous Kirschner wires. PMID- 7365861 TI - Traumatic posterior fracture-dislocation of the lumbosacral joint. AB - An unusual case of traumatic posterior fracture-dislocation of the lumbosacral joint is presented. Spontaneous fusion occurred without attempted reduction. Osteomyelitis and paraplegia were associated with the injury. PMID- 7365862 TI - Barefoot or professional? Community health workers in the Third World: some important questions concerning their function, utilization, selection, training and evaluation. PMID- 7365863 TI - Cholera due to the E1 Tor biotype equals the classical biotype in severity and attack rates. PMID- 7365864 TI - Labon-gur (common salt and brown sugar) oral rehydration solution in the treatment of diarrhoea in adults. PMID- 7365865 TI - Coronavirus JHM: cell-free synthesis of structural protein p60. AB - Sac(-) cells infected with murine coronavirus strain JHM shut off host cell protein synthesis and synthesized polypeptides with molecular weights of 150,000, 60,000, and 23,000. The 60,000- and 23,000-molecular-weight polypeptides comigrated with virion structural proteins p60 and p23, and the 60,000-molecular weight protein was identified as p60 by tryptic peptide fingerprinting. Polyadenylate-containing RNA [poly(A) RNA] extracted from the cytoplasm of infected cells directed the synthesis of both 60,000- and 23,000-molecular-weight polypeptides in messenger-dependent cell-free systems derived from mouse L-cells and rabbit reticulocytes. The reticulocyte system also synthesized a 120,000 molecular-weight polypeptide that was specifically immunoprecipitated by antiserum raised against JHM virions. The identity of the 60,000- and 23,000 molecular-weight in vitro products was established by comigration with virion proteins, immunoprecipitation, and in the case of p60, tryptic peptide fingerprinting. The cytoplasmic poly(A) RNAs which encoded p60 and p23 sedimented in sucroseformamide gradients at 17S and 19S, respectively, and were clearly separable. These RNAs were among the major poly(A) RNA species synthesized in the cytoplasm of actinomycin D-treated cells late in infection, and the in vitro translation of size-fractionated RNA released from polysomes confirmed that they represent physiological mRNA's. These results suggest that the expression of the coronavirus JHM genome involves more than one subgenomic mRNA. PMID- 7365866 TI - Temperature-sensitive mutants of Chandipura virus. I. Inter- and intragroup complementation. AB - Fifty temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of Chandipura virus, a human rhabdovirus, have been classified into six complementation groups, designated ChI, ChII, ChII, ChIV, ChV, and ChVI and containing 44, 2, 1, 1, 1, and 1 mutants, respectively. Weak complementation was observed within group ChI, allowing the division of the group into subgroups ChIA and ChIB. Intragroup complementation was most extensive within subgroup ChIB, and one mutant in this subgroup complemented all but one (ts Ch598) of the mutants in group ChI. If ts Ch598 had been omitted from the analysis the number of complementation groups would have been increased to seven. Consequently, in circumstances where intragenic and intergenic complementation cannot be clearly distinguished, the number of complementation groups identified in rhabdoviruses could be overestimated. The identification of six complementation groups in three different rhabdoviruses need not imply the existence of an as yet unidentified sixth virus-specified polypeptide. The extensive intragroup complementation observed in Chandipura virus suggests that the functional form of one at least of the virion proteins of Chandipura virus is a multimer. PMID- 7365867 TI - Capped and polyadenylated low-molecular-weight RNA synthesized by vaccinia virus in vitro. AB - In the presence of ATP plus two other ribonucleoside triphosphates or in reactions containing all four ribonucleoside triphosphates and actinomycin D, vaccinia virus synthesizes in vitro discrete low-molecular-weight RNA molecules ranging in size from about 20 to several hundred bases. A novel feature of these small RNA molecules is that they are capped and methylated at the 5' terminus, containing both mGpppGm and mGpppAm type cap structures, and in addition these molecules are polyadenylated at the 3' terminus. Hybridization of these RNAs to restriction fragments derived from vaccinia virus DNA indicates a considerable degree of complexity, suggesting the presence of a large number of promoters throughout the genome. However, measurable sensitivity to pancreatic RNase of the 5' capped end of these RNAs while in hybrid form to the DNA suggests other possible roles for these small RNAs in vaccinia virus mRNA biogenesis. PMID- 7365868 TI - Characterization of a small, nonstructural viral polypeptide present late during infection of BHK cells by Semliki Forest virus. AB - BHK cells, late in infection with Semliki Forest virus, were found to contain a small virus-specific polypeptide not found in the mature virion. This polypeptide had an apparent molecular weight of 6,000 and is referred to here as the 6K protein. No [2-3H]mannose was incorporated into 6K, and hence it does not appear to be a glycoprotein. This protein appears to be a primary translation product of the subgenomic 26S mRNA, which encodes the viral structural proteins. The genes encoding the viral structural proteins are arranged on the message in the order of 5'-C-E3-E2-E1-3'. We have found that the gene coding for 6K is located to the 3' side of the gene encoding E2. Subcellular fractionation of pulse-labeled cells infected with Semliki Forest virus demonstrated that 6K, like the viral glycoproteins p62 and E1, was present predominantly in the rough microsomal membrane fraction. 6K appears to be analogous, therefore, to the nonstructural 4.2K protein present in cells infected with Sindbis virus. PMID- 7365869 TI - Adenovirus type 12-induced rat tumor cells of neuroepithelial origin: persistence and expression of the viral genome. AB - Four cell lines derived from adenovirus type 12-induced rat brain tumors were studied. The polyploid cells displayed neuroepithelial characteristics and were transplantable into syngeneic rats and nude mice. In tissue culture the cells grew in monolayers and multilayers. A very high saturation density was reached, and the cells plated in agar and were easily agglutinated with low concentrations of concanavalin A. Between 2 and 11 copies of the viral genome per diploid cellular genome were detected by reassociation kinetics analysis in the different lines. The patterns of distribution of viral DNA sequences in these lines, as revealed by blot analysis, suggest colinear integration of the intact viral genome into the cellular DNA. The patterns of integration were stable after more than 15 months of prolonged tissue culture and after animal reimplantation. Integration patterns were identical in three of the tumor lines and different in another line. Viral sequences were transcribed. The extent of homology found toward adenovirus type 12 DNA in polyadenylated polysome-associated mRNA isolated from the tumor lines suggests that the early and some of the late genes of adenovirus type 12 DNA are transcribed in these tumor cells. Infectious virus was not rescuable from these lines. PMID- 7365870 TI - High-molecular-weight DNA and the sedimentation coefficient: a new perspective based on DNA from T7 bacteriophage and two novel forms of T4 bacteriophage. AB - The DNA molecules from T7 bacteriophage and a recently obtained mutant form of T4D were studied. The DNA of this T4 mutant contains cytosine in place of all of the glucosylated hydroxymethylcytosines normally present in T4. Molecular weights were measured with an electron microscope technique, and sedimentation coefficients were determined in isokinetic sucrose gradients. T7 DNA was found to have an Mr of 26.5 x 10(6). The T4 mutant, which we have termed T4c, produces two distinct phage head and DNA size clases. DNA from the standard heads (T4c DNA) has an Mr of 114.9 x 10(6), and DNA from the petite heads (T4cp DNA) has an Mr of 82.9 x 10(6). This enabled the derivation of an equation of sedimentation coefficient at zero concentration corrected to water at 20 degrees C versus Mr for the molecular weight range of 25 x 10(6) to 115 x 10(6) that is based solely on cytosine-containing DNA standards, thereby avoiding possible anomalies introduced by the glucosylation and hydroxymethylation of cytosine. The theory of Gray et al. provided the best description of the sedimentation coefficient versus Mr relationship, based on the sedimentation coefficients and the molecular weights of the three DNA standards and other evidence. PMID- 7365871 TI - Establishment and maintenance of persistent infection by Sindbis virus in BHK cells. AB - We have established a persistent infection of BHK cells with a preparation of Sindbis virus heavily enriched in defective interfering (DI) particles. The small fraction of cells that survived the initial infection grew out to form a stable population of cells [BHK(Sin-1) cells], most of which synthesized viral RNA and viral antigens. The presence of DI particles in this virus stock was required to establish this persistent state. BHK(Sin-1) cells released a small-plaque, temperature-sensitive virus (Sin-1 virus) as well as DI particles containing DI RNAs larger than those present in the original stock used to establish the persistent state. A cloned stock of Sin-1 virus, free of detectable DI particles, was able to initiate a persistent infection more quickly and with greater cell survival than the original stock of Sindbis virus containing DI particles. About 2 weeks after the Sin-1 virus-infected cells were cultured, DI RNAs arose and soon became the dominant viral RNA species produced by these cells. PMID- 7365872 TI - Morphogenesis of human adenovirus type 2 studied with fiber- and fiber and penton base-defective temperature-sensitive mutants. AB - The nature, polypeptide composition, and antigenic composition of the particles formed by six human adenovirus type 2 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants were studied. ts115, ts116, and ts125 were phenotypically fiber-defective mutants, and ts103, ts104, and ts136 failed to synthesize detectable amounts of fiber plus penton base at 39.5 degrees C. The mutants belonged to five complementation groups, one group including ts116 and ts125. Except for ts103 and ts136, the other mutants were capable of producing particles at 39.5 degrees C. ts116 and ts125 accumulated light assembly intermediate particles (or top components) at nonpermissive temperatures, with few virus particles. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polypeptide pattern of ts116- or ts125-infected cells, intermediate particles, and virus particles showed that polypeptide IV (fiber) was smaller by a molecular weight of 2,000 than that in the wild-type virion and was glycosylated. In fiber plus penton base-defective ts104-infected cells, equivalent quantities of top components and viruses with a buoyant density (rho) of 1.345 g/ml (rho = 1.345 particles) were produced at 39.5 degrees C. These rho = 1.345 particles corresponded to young virions, as evidenced by the presence of uncleaved precursors to proteins VI, VIII, and VII. These young virions matured upon a shift down. Virus capsid vertex antigenic components underwent a phase of eclipse during their incorporation into mature virus particles. No antigenic penton base or IIa was detected in intermediate particles of all the ts mutants tested. Only hexon and traces of fiber antigens were found in ts104 young virions. Penton base and IIIa appeared as fully antigenically expressed capsid subunits in mature wild type virions or ts104 virions after a shift down. The ts104 lesion is postulated to affect a regulatory function related in some way to penton base and fiber overproduction and the maturation processing of precursors PVI, PVII, and PVII. PMID- 7365874 TI - Ribonucleotides in unintegrated linear spleen necrosis virus DNA. AB - The structure of unintegrated spleen necrosis virus DNA was characterized by using various chemical and enzymatic treatments in conjunction with denaturing gels and nucleic acid hybridization probes. Throughout the course of the viral infection, the predominant species of viral DNA was that of a linear double stranded molecule containing ribonucleotides covalently joined to the DNA. The majority of both - and + strands were continuous. The ribonucleotide linkages appeared to be relatively short, and the base composition and distribution of the ribonucleotide linkages were heterogeneous. On the average, the - strand had fewer of the ribonucleotide linkages than did the strand. Viral DNA containing ribonucleotide linkages was infectious in DNA transfection assays. The structure of spleen necrosis virus DNA was different from that of Schmidt-Ruppin Rous sarcoma virus-D, and mixed infections demonstrated that the observed differences are a result of cis-acting functions. PMID- 7365873 TI - Complementation analysis of measles virus mutants isolated from persistently infected lymphoblastoid cell lines. AB - Human lymphoblastoid cell lines persistently infected with measles virus release a heterogeneous population of virions. At least 80% of the infectious particles were temperature sensitive for plaque formation at 39 degrees C. Plaque-purified temperature-sensitive mutants from four persistently infected human lymphoblastoid cell lines were shown to be heterogeneous with respect to efficiency of plating at 31 and 39 degrees C, as well as to antigen and RNA production at 39 degrees C. The heterogeneity was confirmed by complementation analysis in which 21 temperature-sensitive isolates were found to represent at least four of the five previously described complementation groups of measles virus. Two isolates complemented four reference temperature-sensitive mutants. These isolates either represent new complementation groups or are members of the fifth complementation group, group E. The majority of isolates were found to have multiple mutations, and group B mutants (RNA-) predominated. Two temperature sensitive isolates were able to interfere with production of parental measles virus at both permissive and nonpermissive temperatures. PMID- 7365876 TI - Immunological relationship between the structural proteins of intracisternal A particles of Mus musculus and the M432 retrovirus of Mus cervicolor. AB - A specific immunological relationship has been demonstrated between the main structural protein (p73) of intracisternal A-particles and a major internal protein (p24) of the M432 retrovirus. PMID- 7365879 TI - Successful prevention of ileal conduit stomal stenosis: experience during a 12 year period. PMID- 7365877 TI - Murine leukemia virus proteins expressed on the surface of infected cells in culture. AB - Infection of JLS-V9 cells in culture with Rauscher murine leukemia virus induced the appearance on the cell surface of two classes of viral proteins: Rauscher murine leukemia virus gp70, and glycoproteins related to the viral core (gag) proteins with apparent molecular weights in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels of 80 x 10(3) and 95 x 10(3). The latter proteins were identified by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of the cell surface and by metabolic labeling with [(3)H]mannose followed by immunoprecipitation with an antiserum directed against the major viral core protein, p30. Tryptic peptide maps of chloramine T-iodinated proteins indicated that 80 x 10(3) - and 95 x 10(3) molecular-weight proteins were closely related. The 95 x 10(3)-molecular-weight protein from Rauscher murine leukemia virus-infected cells had a tyrosine fingerprint which was identical to that of the 95 x 10(3)-molecular-weight gag surface polyprotein of endogenous virus-producing AKR-A cells, suggesting that expression on the cell surface of glycosylated forms of gag precursor polyproteins may not be an exclusive property of leukemic thymocytes, but a more general phenomenon in murine leukemia virus infection. Tryptic fingerprint analysis of iodinated viral and cell-bound gp70's before and after desialylation indicated a lower level of glycosylation in the cell-bound gp70 population than in virions. Analysis of only surface-iodinated gp70 showed a simple pattern of exposed tryptic peptides which was very similar in Rauscher murine leukemia virus infected cells and in AKR-A cells. PMID- 7365878 TI - Effect of canavanine on murine retrovirus polypeptide formation. AB - Canavanine is an arginine analog which is widely used to inhibit proteolytic processing of viral polyproteins. Certain results obtained with canavanine have suggested that it may have other effects. Therefore, we examined the effects of canavanine on the cell-free synthesis of murine retrovirus proteins. It was found that the electrophoretic mobility of the major gag-related cell-free product of both Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV) and Moloney murine sarcoma virus 124 (Mo-MuSV-124) RNA was dependent on the concentration of canavanine used during translation. As the canavanine concentration was increased up to 4 mM, the apparent size of the major gag-related polypeptide also increased from 65,000 (R MuLV RNA) or 63,000 (Mo-MuSV-124 RNA) to approximately 80,000 daltons. Additional increases in the canavanine concentration up to 12 mM did not increase the size of the gag gene product beyond 80,000 daltons. This change in electrophoretic mobility appeared to be due to a substitution of canavanine for arginine residues in the polypeptides, not to a change in their actual size. If amber suppressor tRNA and canavanine were used together during translation of Mo-MuSV-124 RNA and Mo-MuLV RNA, the results were also in agreement with this proposal. Translation experiments done with ovalbumin mRNA and mengovirus 35S RNA indicated that canavanine incorporation caused a shift in the electrophoretic mobility of ovalbumin from 43,000 to 45,000 daltons and caused the appearance of two slightly larger polypeptides in the 155,000- and 115,000- dalton regions of the mengovirus RNA cell-free product. PMID- 7365875 TI - A clear-plaque mutation of bacteriophage M13 affects the regulation of viral DNA synthesis. AB - A clear-plaque mutation (c2) of bacteriophage M13 has been shown to affect the regulation of viral DNA synthesis. This mutation increases the amount of the duplex replicative form DNA per cell while decreasing the synthesis of viral single strands. The relative synthesis of the M13 gene 5 protein is approximately half that observed in wild-type infections, suggesting that the effect of the c2 mutation on the regulation of viral DNA synthesis is a result of reduced expression of gene 5. PMID- 7365880 TI - Flow cytometry in bladder cancer detection and evaluation using acridine orange metachromatic nucleic acid staining of irrigation cytology specimens. AB - A new technique for simultaneous multiparameter deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid and nuclear size measurements by flow cytometry was applied to the examination of bladder irrigation cytology specimens from 107 urologic patients. The cell samples from patients with bladder carcinoma could be distinguished from normal by 2 features: 1) an increase in the proportion of bladder epithelial cells with more than diploid deoxyribonucleic acid and 2) aneuploid cell peaks. These criteria identified 12 of 13 cases of invasive carcinoma, 24 of 28 cases of carcinoma in situ and 11 of 13 cases of papillary carcinoma. An increased proportion of cells with more than diploid deoxyribonucleic acid or aneuploidy was found in 9 of 14 patients with papilloma and 6 of 19 patients with a history of bladder tumors but no evident disease at present--these were believed owing to increased epithelial proliferative rates or nuclear chromatin abnormalities not visible by light microscopy. None of the 20 patients who had never had bladder tumors was abnormal. While the results in this small clinical trial have been most encouraging an additional descriptor of nuclear chromatin structure is believed necessary to discriminate benign, reactive proliferative epithelium from neoplasm when the latter is near diploid or shedding few cells. Studies to develop such a parameter presently are under way. PMID- 7365881 TI - Immune complexes in transitional cell carcinoma. AB - Bladder cancer patients from 2 different medical centers were examined to establish whether such patients have circulating immune complexes. Four methods of analysis were used: 1) polyethylene glycol precipitation, 2) double crossed immunoelectrophoresis, 3) Raji cell and 4) Clq binding assays. In the first group of 24 patients 17 had positive results on cystoscopy for pathologically defined tumors at the time of the serum sample. Two tested positive for the presence of circulating immune complexes by all 4 techniques and an additional 1 tested positive by 3 of the 4 techniques. In the second group of 54 patients (41 of whom had pathologically definable tumors at sample date) 9 were judged possibly positive by the Raji cell assay, the polyethylene glycol and double crossed immunoelectrophoresis techniques. When tested by the Clq binding assay 8 of the 9 patients were positive, most being in the range of 260 to 320 microgram/ml. immune complex. Combining all data from the 78 patients with bladder cancer the results in 10 cases definitely were positive by all 4 techniques and an additional 2 were positive by 3 techniques. Our data indicate that a low percentage (13 to 15 per cent) of patients with bladder cancer has circulating immune complexes. Of interest is that the complexes, as judged by our assay procedures, bind Clq, contain aggregated IgG and can be dissociated into antigen and antibody. Thus, the immune complexes are similar to those found in immune complex diseases. PMID- 7365884 TI - Direct vision internal urethrotomy in the management of urethral strictures. AB - Direct vision internal urethrotomy is a safe, effective means to treat urethral strictures and vesical neck contractures. Its success rate approaches 90 per cent with 6 months of followup, although a longer interval may be necessary for a more accurate record. It often can be performed in an outpatient setting, under topical anesthesia and with only 1 day of catheter drainage, which provides considerable savings in hospital costs. PMID- 7365883 TI - Direct vision cold knife urethrotomy. AB - During a 3-year period urethral strictures in 75 patients were treated by cold knife urethrotomy. Analysis of the etiology, diagnosis, surgical technique, complications and postoperative management is described. Satisfactory results were achieved in 71 per cent of the cases. The over-all morbidity rate was 9 per cent. Patients with strictures more than 2 cm. long had unsatisfactory results, while those managed with a silicone catheter postoperative for less than 7 days had better results. Direct vision cold knife urethrotomy is a safe technique that should be exercised as a therapeutic trial before a final decision is made to perform definitive urethroplasty. PMID- 7365882 TI - Modification for computerized tomographic staging of infiltrative bladder carcinoma. AB - Technique modifications for computed tomographic staging of infiltrative bladder carcinoma are aimed at maximizing image quality and reducing artifactual problems, particularly those associated with the effects of motion owing to poor patient cooperation. Patients unable to tolerate a lengthy procedure or the prone position have been studied using a low density contrast technique with controlled bladder distension. Although the intravesical tumor component often is not as dramatically demonstrated as with the gas insufflation technique the accuracy of both staging procedures appears to be high. The tendency towards overstaging is common to bladder opacification and gas insufflation techniques but this may be reduced considerably by bowel opacification when necessary and the use of intravenous contrast enhancement techniques. PMID- 7365885 TI - The surgical repair of membranous urethral strictures: experience with 105 consecutive cases. AB - We reviewed 105 patients with rupture of the membranous urethra in whom impassable strictures developed. With 16 years being the division between children and adults there were 73 adults and 32 children. We prefer to repair these strictures with the mobilized anterior urethra if this can be accomplished satisfactorily, rather, than using skin substitution urethroplasties. The mobilized anterior urethra was used in 90 patients: 63 adults and 27 children. The anterior urethra in the remaining 15 patients had been damaged either by a previous operation or by previous disease and needed skin substitution urethroplasty. Techniques, complications and results in the 3 types of repair are presented. PMID- 7365886 TI - The Rosen incontinence procedure: a new artificial urinary sphincter for the management of urinary incontinence. AB - During the last 3 years 16 patients have undergone insertion of the Rosen urinary incontinence device. The urethra is occluded simply by fluid transfer from a scrotal reservoir to a perineal balloon that is fixed to the inside of the bulbocavernosus muscle. Use of extensive tubing and hydraulics is not required. Experience with this prosthesis in the management of male urinary incontinence will be discussed. Its use in conjunction with the Small-Carrion penile prosthesis in selected patients with impotence will be described briefly. PMID- 7365887 TI - Elevated pressure in the left renal vein in patients with varicocele: preliminary observations. AB - In 3 patients with varicocele a pressure difference was found between the left renal vein and inferior vena cava. No pressure difference was found between the right renal vein and inferior vena cava in these same patients. In a control group of 5 patients right and left renal veins and inferior vena cava pressures closely approximated each other. These preliminary findings are discussed and found to be in disagreement with current concepts of the pathogenesis of varicocele. PMID- 7365888 TI - Significance of serum lactic dehydrogenase in stages B and C non-seminomatous testis tumors. AB - The incidence of initial elevations of total serum lactic dehydrogenase was 38 per cent in 21 patients with stage B disease and 65 per cent in 17 patients with stage C disease. Conversely, 62 per cent of patients with stage B disease and 35 per cent of patients with stage C disease had normal lactic dehydrogenase values, indicating that measurement of total serum lactic dehydrogenase lacks sensitivity as a useful biologic tumor marker in predicting the presence of tumor. However, there were no falsely positive elevations in these patients--all patients with persistent elevations after therapy have either died or have progressive disease. Therefore, it would seem from our study that total serum lactic dehydrogenase should be measured initially in all patients with advanced disease (stages B3 and C). When elevated, serial measurements will indicate response to therapy. The presence of a persistent elevation of lactic dehydrogenase suggests that current conventional therapeutic modalities are ineffective and alternative therapy should be instituted. PMID- 7365889 TI - Vasovasostomy and semen quality. AB - During a recent 8-year 4-month period 205 men underwent bilateral vasovasostomy. Of those patients for whom followup information was available 43 per cent have produced a pregnancy. Semen analyses after vasovasostomy revealed good sperm counts for the most part but generally reduced sperm motility and viability. Efforts are underway to evaluate whether the defect may be the result of abnormal epididymal function or of sperm agglutinating or immobilizing antibodies. PMID- 7365890 TI - Effects of urinary organic macromolecules on crystallization of calcium oxalate: enhancement of nucleation. AB - The urine of normal persons, as well as that of stone formers, contains inhibitors to crystallization of calcium oxalate. To ascertain differences, if any, between these 2 groups we measured nucleation rate, growth rate and total mass produced in an analytic system with 5 per cent urine added to 95 per cent synthetic urine that did not contain large organic molecules. We also observed the effects of addition of uromucoid to the synthetic solution. Normal urine and stone-forming urine contained significant inhibitors to total mass of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals precipitated but total crystal mass was not significantly different between the 2 groups. Growth rate was significantly less in experiments with the urine of stone formers. The other major difference found in stone-forming urine was significant enhancement of nucleation rate when compared to normal urine. Since addition of uromucoid produced these same growth inhibition and nucleation enhancement effects but did not affect total crystal mass, we hypothesize that uromucoid has an important part in producing the differences noted between and stone-forming urine. PMID- 7365891 TI - Frequency of micturition and urinary tract infection. AB - Introital swabbing was done on each of 19 patients with a history of lower urinary tract infection. The swabs were collected during a 5-day period, with 2 swabs being collected each day. We found that 1) introital flora varied in nature and in number from hour to hour and from day to day, 2) repetitive qualitative swabbing was the most accurate method to determine the presence of pathogens in the introitus and 3) there was a relationship between the frequency of micturition and the presence of introital pathogens: a) normal controls became colonized with pathogens as frequency of voiding was increased and b) pathogen carriage was found more commonly in the patient group as compared to the controls and the patient group voided more frequently than the control group. The theoretical implications of this relationship are discussed. PMID- 7365892 TI - Catheter retriever. PMID- 7365893 TI - Assessment of hydroureteronephrosis in children using diuretic radionuclide urography. AB - Diuretic radionuclide urography was developed as a safe, accurate and non invasive method of assessing nephroureteral dilatation to distinguish between obstructive and non-obstructive hydronephrosis. The nuclear medicine gamma camera/computer system is used to monitor the washout pattern of an isotope from any locus of suspected obstruction in the upper urinary tract. This technique was used to study 62 children with hydroureteronephrosis of diverse causes. Our experience suggests that it is accurate in determining whether true obstruction exists in dilated systems and effective in predicting which patients will benefit from corrective operation. PMID- 7365894 TI - Management of ureteropelvic obstruction in the first year of life. AB - From July 1971 until December 1978 we treated 19 male and 5 female children less than 1 year old for ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Diagnosis was based on high dose excretory urography with delayed films. Ultrasound was performed in some cases to confirm hydronephrosis. Cystoscopy and retrograde pyelography were not required. Of 32 obstructed kidneys 27 were repaired by dismembered reduction pyeloureteroplasty. Of 8 patients with bilateral involvement 3 underwent unilateral repair only because of lesser contralateral obstruction and 1 underwent unilateral nephrectomy. Of the 27 repairs 20 were protected by nephrostomy or pyelostomy drainage plus a small caliber silicone rubber or polyvinyl stent. Of the 6 non-stented repairs 2 had delayed opening of the repair. A frozen section renal biopsy aided in a decision to repair the kidney in 4 of 6 instances and in 10 other instances a renal biopsy was obtained for prognostic purposes. There were no secondary nephrectomies, although 2 boys required reoperations for a successful result. Instillation pyelography with fluoroscopic monitoring was used to determine when the tubes could be removed. Generally, we removed the stent 4 or 5 days postoperatively and the nephrostomy at a variable time after demonstration of patency of repair. In this group of small children pyelostomy or nephrostomy and intubation of the repair are useful additions to the surgical technique to prevent obstruction of the tiny and delicate infant ureter by anastomotic edema or kinking of the repair. PMID- 7365896 TI - A urethral lengthening procedure for epispadias and exstrophy. AB - A procedure to lengthen the urethra is described, which involves the tubularization of the top layer of the foreskin, maintains a good vascular supply and requires only 1 anastomosis. The short natural urethra, with whatever functional capability it may have, also is tubularized and dropped back to form the proximal urethral segment. This technique has worked well and gives a satisfactory cosmetic result. PMID- 7365895 TI - Everting ureteroceles: radiographic and endoscopic observation, and surgical management. PMID- 7365897 TI - A clinical experience with the Scott genitourinary sphincter in the management of urinary incontinence in the pediatric age group. AB - We report our experience with 22 Scott genitourinary sphincters implanted in 19 patients during a period of 4 years. Patient selection was rigid. Incontinence must be unremitting and fail to respond to exhaustive efforts at control by pharmacologic manipulation with or without intermittent catheterization. The patient must be able to empty the bladder by Crede's or Valsalva's maneuver, and consider the incontinence intolerable. The artificial sphincter is considered as an alternative to urinary diversion. A second attempt at placement has been done in 3 patients. Removal was required in 32 per cent of the devices. However, 79 per cent of the patients did achieve our goal of continence. Therefore, we have found the artificial sphincter to be a valuable addition to the treatment of pediatric incontinence as an alternative to urinary diversion. PMID- 7365899 TI - Clinicopathological conference: rapidly expanding retroperitoneal mass. PMID- 7365898 TI - Familial testicular teratoma in 2 children: familial report and review of the literature. AB - Familial occurrence of a testicular tumor is rare. We report mature teratomas in 2 first cousins in a consanguineous family. The cases were unique because both tumors were pathologically similar and their onsets were close. Of 34 families with testicular neoplasms reviewed this is the first family composed of 2 affected children with mature teratomas. The analysis of the familial cases showed segregation of twins and a slightly higher incidence of bilateral tumors. The genetic roles are discussed in the etiology of testicular tumor. PMID- 7365900 TI - Peripelvic fat simulating renal pelvic tumor. AB - The third case is reported of excessive proliferation of the peripelvic fat of the kidney, simulating a renal pelvic tumor. Also, our case represents the first instance in which the kidney was salvaged. The syndrome is discussed briefly. PMID- 7365901 TI - Renal cyst versus tumor: a continuing dilemma. AB - We report on 13 patients with renal cystic lesions who underwent full radiological investigation and remained undiagnosed preoperatively. Of 13 cysts 3 ultimately proved to be malignant at surgical exploration. A retrospective review of these cases failed to reveal any additional features that would have aided in preoperative diagnosis. Despite the high accuracyobtainable by radiological investigation, diagnostic surgical exploration is warranted in a small proportion of patients with renal cystic lesions. PMID- 7365902 TI - Metastasis to an ectopic kidney presenting as a right lower quadrant mass. PMID- 7365903 TI - Hydrocolpos with vaginal ureteral ectopia: a case report. PMID- 7365904 TI - Transcaval ureter. AB - The second case is reported of a periureteral venous ring on the right side. The genesis of this rare anomaly, clinical presentation and treatment are discussed. A new clinical term, transcaval ureter, is suggested, since it is more descriptive of the surgical appearance. PMID- 7365905 TI - Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage: a diagnostic challenge. AB - Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage can present a difficult diagnostic dilemma. We present 4 illustrative cases within the last 2 years at our institutions. Excluding traumatic injury to the retroperitoneum and abdominal aortic aneurysms, about 75 per cent of the cases are related to neoplasms or vascular anomalies. An awareness of predisposing disease states is important. A high index of suspicion and an aggressive diagnostic approach are necessary. If evaluation does not disclose an etiology for retroperitoneal hemorrhage then non operative management may be considered. This is especially true if an underlying systemic condition is present. PMID- 7365906 TI - Complications of the non-refluxing colon conduit. AB - The non-refluxing colon conduit has been offered as a superior alternative to the ileal conduit for long-term supravesical urinary diversion. The main advantage would seem to be that the upper tracts can be protected by the formation of a ureterocolic anastomosis without reflux, thereby preventing the deterioration associated with ileal conduits, which is presumably secondary to reflux and ascending infection. Although a colon operation is potentially more hazardous than a small bowel operation the short-term complication rates are not significantly different. We report 2 cases of stenosis of the ureterocolic anastomosis to emphasize that this serious complication continues to be a potential problem with any procedure of this type. With long-term followup its present incidence in 8 to 10 per cent of the patients may exceed the incidence of conduits with reflux. In our 2 cases severe stenosis of the ureter within the tunnel was encountered at reoperation. Techniques that may help prevent stenosis include preservation of periureteral adventitia, careful formation and closure of the submucosal tunnel, forming an anastomosis free of tension and tapering the ureters, when necessary, adequately but not excessively. Correction of this complication may require lysis of surrounding adhesions, a ureterocolic anastomosis with reflux, transureteroureterostomy, transureteropyelostomy, replacement of the ureter with small bowel or nephroureterectomy. PMID- 7365907 TI - Malacoplakia of the bladder causing bilateral ureteral obstruction. PMID- 7365908 TI - Extracorporeal corpus-venous shunting for priapism. AB - We report a case in which extracorporeal circulation was used as an alternative to other forms of corpus-venous shunting and resulted in complete detumescence and maintenance of potency. The relative simplicity and the ability to repeat the procedure in cases of recurrent priapism suggest this as a reasonable form of treatment in patients who do not respond to conservative measures. PMID- 7365909 TI - Accessory channel on penis: a case report. AB - A case of an accessory channel in relation to the penis and bladder is presented. A theory of its formation is proposed. PMID- 7365910 TI - Fat necrosis in the scrotum. PMID- 7365912 TI - Re: anatrophic nephrolithotomy: experience with a simplification of the Smith and Boyce technique. PMID- 7365911 TI - Bacteroides fragilis perinephric abscess. AB - Although urinary tract infection caused by Bacteroides fragilis has been recognized since the turn of the century it is not frequently recognized in clinical practice. Only a small number of significant upper urinary tract infections in which Bacteroides fragilis has had a significant pathogenic role have been reported previously. The use of systemic metronidazole in the treatment of this rare and unusually refractory form of urinary tract infection is described. PMID- 7365913 TI - Re: aggressive surgical approach to renal cell carcinoma: review of 130 cases. PMID- 7365914 TI - Ureteroceles and duplicated systems: an embryologic hypothesis. PMID- 7365915 TI - Bilateral traumatic testicular dislocation. PMID- 7365916 TI - Contact scrotal thermography. PMID- 7365917 TI - Re: malacoplakia of the bladder: efficacy of bethanechol chloride therapy. PMID- 7365918 TI - Re: a re-appraisal of treatment in chronic bacterial prostatitis. PMID- 7365919 TI - Re: the results of prostatectomy: a symptomatic and urodynamic analysis of 152 patients. PMID- 7365920 TI - Re: pelvic lymphadenectomy for staging prostatic carcinoma: is it always necessary? PMID- 7365921 TI - A study on the urolithiasis incidence in Turkish school-age children. PMID- 7365922 TI - Pharmacology of ketamine. PMID- 7365923 TI - Recent concepts and development of an automated biological monitoring system. PMID- 7365925 TI - What does exercise mean for the menstrual cycle? PMID- 7365924 TI - Fact or fiction about formaldehyde? PMID- 7365926 TI - Auto seat belt use declining. PMID- 7365927 TI - Treatment improved for ragweed, penicillin allergy. PMID- 7365928 TI - A neurochemical mechanism for exceptional achievement in gout. PMID- 7365929 TI - Sensitivity of hemoccult slide test. PMID- 7365930 TI - Lithium carbonate treatment of mania associated with Klinefelter's syndrome. PMID- 7365931 TI - Semilateral decubitus breast examination. PMID- 7365932 TI - Gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7365933 TI - Patient-partner satisfaction levels with the inflatable penile prosthesis. PMID- 7365934 TI - Pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Diffuse pulmonary affection in rheumatoid arthritis remains a controversial subject that requires further and more accurate investigation. All patients with rheumatoid arthritis attending a general hospital during a six-year period underwent clinical, radiological, and functional pulmonary evaluation and serological investigation. Twenty-five had an open lung biopsy for microscopic examination and immunofluorescence. The histopathological findings in this group were correlated with the clinical, radiological, functional, and serological altercations and with the clinical course of the rheumatoid process as well. Pulmonary affection in this series was a common finding, showing definite histopathological patterns and particular clinical features. PMID- 7365935 TI - Sudden death and hepatic fatty metamorphosis. A North Carolina survey. AB - There is a generally unrecognized epidemic of sudden, nonviolent deaths among alcohol abusers, largely due to fatty liver--related sudden deaths (FLDs). Using data from the North Carolina Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, 411 cases of FLD were identified from 1972 through 1976. The 411 FLD deaths, in view of a low autopsy rate among nonviolent alcohol abuser deaths and the lack of awareness of FLD, suggest a FLD death rate of epidemic proportions. The FLD population characteristics mirror those of the underlying alcohol-abusing population. The increased incidence of low-level (1 to 50 mg/dL) blood ethanol levels among FLD as compared with "control" groups is consistent with several theories linking FLD to some form of acute or hyperacute ethanol withdrawal phenomenon. PMID- 7365936 TI - Home or hospital births? AB - Advocates of home birth cite psychological and medical benefits in their demand for a different approach to birthing procedures. Opponents emphasize the risks of this approach and point to improved outcomes through medical progress available only in hospitals, as well as to recent, less positive European attitudes toward home births. A review of the literature shows that present data are limited and do not conclusively support either opinion. It is essential that the medical profession become actively involved in an objective analysis of the merits and deficiencies of home and hospital birth settings. This participation should ensure that new approaches to birth will maintain the highest possible standards in maternal, fetal, and neonatal welfare. PMID- 7365937 TI - The myth of the low anion gap. AB - Sixty-seven thousand seven hundred forty consecutive sets of electrolyte levels measured at the Massachusetts General Hospital were reviewed, and their anion gaps were calculated. A low anion gap (less than 8 mEq/L) was found in 304 patients (0.8%). Repeatedly low anion gaps were found in only 19 patients. Eight patients were hypoalbuminemic, and eight were hyponatremic. For the entire population, there was a positive correlation between sodium concentration and anion gap. The average anion gap was 16.25 mEq/L. The most common cause of a low anion gap was presumptive laboratory error. PMID- 7365938 TI - Chemotherapy for advanced male breast cancer. AB - An analysis of 29 chemotherapeutic trials in 18 male patients with advanced breast cancer disclosed an overall response rate of 44%. Most of these chemotherapeutic trials consisted of single-agent regimens, namely, fluorouracil, methotrexate, thiotepa, cyclophosphamide, and melphalan. Our data suggest that responsiveness of advanced male breast cancer to systemic chemotherapeutic agents is the same as that reported for advanced female breast cancer. PMID- 7365939 TI - Persistence of vacuolated RBCs after splenectomy in adults. AB - Children undergoing splenectomy after trauma commonly have few vacuolated RBCs, suggesting a recurrence of splenic activity. We assayed RBCs with vacuoles in 17 adults who had splenectomies for trauma and 15 adults who underwent splenectomy for nontraumatic indications. Vacuolated cells averaged 29.0% +/- 1.0% (SE) in adults having emergency splenectomies and 32.3% +/- 2.0% in those having elective splenectomies. One adult who had a splenectomy for trauma had few RBCs with vacuoles, and a technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid spleen scan showed one accessory spleen. These findings suggest that recurrence of splenic activity in adults, unlike in children, is an uncommon sequela of splenic rupture. PMID- 7365940 TI - Diabetes insipidus and complicated pregnancy. PMID- 7365941 TI - Anaphylactic cardiac arrest in a parturient. Response of the newborn. PMID- 7365942 TI - My name is Legionella. PMID- 7365943 TI - Home delivery controversy. PMID- 7365945 TI - For cancer, the good news is survival; the bad news is incidence. PMID- 7365944 TI - Rectal disease in a patient with delirium tremens. PMID- 7365946 TI - Physicians can help in reducing child abuse [ news]. PMID- 7365947 TI - Vitamin B6 appears useful in treating choroid disorder. PMID- 7365948 TI - CSF eosinophilia following myelography. PMID- 7365949 TI - Computerized tomography of the head in bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 7365950 TI - Civil commitment of the mentally ill. PMID- 7365951 TI - Mother-son incest. PMID- 7365952 TI - Similarity of drug names. PMID- 7365953 TI - In response to an opposing viewpoint on brain death. PMID- 7365954 TI - Silver stools. PMID- 7365955 TI - Prevention and control of hypertension by nutritional-hygienic means. Long-term experience of the Chicago Coronary Prevention Evaluation Program. AB - In the Chicago Coronary Prevention Evaluation Program (CPEP), 115 men had definite mild hypertension at entry; another 101 men had high-normal diastolic blood pressure (BP). The nutritional-hygienic nonpharmacologic CPEP regimen achieved years-long moderate weight loss, slowing of pulse rate, and reduction in serum cholesterol levels. Sustained falls in BP were recorded-about 10/13 mm Hg for hypertensive men, resulting in long-term normalization of BP, and about 7/4 mm Hg for men with high-normal BP at entry. Change in weight and change in BP were significantly correlated. Long-term improvements in eating and exercise habits yielding moderate sustained weight loss are apparently useful in preventing high BP in hypertension-prone persons and in controlling established "mild" hypertension. PMID- 7365956 TI - Body build and mortality. The Framingham study. AB - Results of the Framingham study are compared with those of the 1959 Build and Blood Pressure Study (BBPS) using the same definitions of body build and using similar follow-up periods for mortality. Findings of the Framingham study do not accord with the insurance experience of that comprises the BBPS. With minor exceptions the insurance experience demonstrates that the greater the relative weight, the greater the risk of death. The unselected population sample of the Framingham study shows minimum mortality around the average weight with increased mortality for persons weighing less or more than average. The higher proportion of lean persons who smoke does not account for the excess mortality in the leanest group. These study differences raise questions on the current standards of ideal weight used for the American population. PMID- 7365957 TI - Community practice. The cake-bake syndrome and other trials. PMID- 7365958 TI - Uremic pruritus treated with ultraviolet light. AB - This study evaluated the treatment of uremic pruritus with ultraviolet B light in patients with chronic renal failure and severe pruritus not attributed to other skin or internal disease. Eight of ten patients responded with complete relief of itching. Photoinactivation of a yet unidentified substance could explain the success of this treatment. PMID- 7365960 TI - Late recurrence of corticosteroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome of childhood. PMID- 7365961 TI - Systemic sporotrichosis polytenosynovitis with median and ulnar nerve entrapment. PMID- 7365959 TI - Conservative management of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Ectopic gastrin production by an ovarian cystadenoma. AB - Techniques for evaluating ectopic gastrin production associated with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome are described. The site of gastrin production in this example was a mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary confirmed by immunoperoxidase localization of gastrin within the ovarian tumor cells and by radioimmunoassay of the tumor's gastrin content. These methods, localizing the source of ectopic gastrin, permitted conservative management of the ulcer diathesis with surgical resection of the mucinous cystadenoma. After oophorectomy the patient's serum gastrin level returned to normal, and the ulcer diathesis ceased. PMID- 7365962 TI - Beware the lean and hungry look. PMID- 7365963 TI - The posology of amantadine: a note of caution. PMID- 7365966 TI - Heatstroke from running. PMID- 7365964 TI - Relative resistance to penicillin in the pneumococcus. A prevalence and case control study. AB - Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from 103 patients were submitted for serotyping and determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for penicillin. Isolates from 16 patients were relatively resistant to penicillin (MIC, 0.1 to 0.5 micrograms/mL). In a study to determine if the patients with relatively resistant pneumococci (RRP) differed from patients with normally susceptible pneumococci, 18 patients with RRP showed no significant difference from their matched controls in antibiotic use during the two months prior to isolation of the pneumococcus. Other variables that showed no significant difference between the two groups were (1) antibiotic use in household contacts in the previous six months, (2) presence of chronic infection in the case or control patients, and (3) recurrence of pneumococcal infection following therapy. The high rate of relative resistance to penicillin is heretofore unknown in a general, unconfined population in this country. The case-control study suggests that no strong relationship exists between isolating RRP and prior penicillin administration. More extensive surveys in the United States are needed. PMID- 7365965 TI - Panautonomic dysfunction and Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 7365968 TI - Postmenopausal hormone users and obesity. PMID- 7365967 TI - Pain in xiphisternal joint. PMID- 7365970 TI - The definition and scope of clinical pharmacology. PMID- 7365971 TI - The predictive value of serum haptoglobin in hemolytic disease. AB - Using a rapid, highly sensitive immunoprecipitin nephelometric technique, a retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical usefulness of determining serum haptoglobin in the diagnosis of hemolysis. Haptoglobin assays were performed shortly after admission in 100 patients with a variety of hematologic and nonhematologic conditions and the results correlated with the clinical diagnosis. An ad hoc boolean computer program allowed for the separation of hemolytic from nonhemolytic disorders with a haptoglobin limit of 25 mg/dL or less. The sensitivity and specificity of the test are high (83% and 96%, respectively), providing 87% probability of predicting hemolytic disease when the serum haptoglobin level falls below this limit. These data support the routine use of serum haptoglobin determinations in the diagnosis of hemolytic disease. PMID- 7365969 TI - Pulmonary nocardiosis. PMID- 7365972 TI - An epidemic of suicide among physicians on probation. PMID- 7365973 TI - The case for boards in clinical pharmacology. PMID- 7365974 TI - The pill bottle desiccant. A cause of partial gastrointestinal obstruction. AB - Two cases of partial upper gastrointestinal obstruction were found to be due to a pill bottle desiccant. In both patients, an organic stricture was present. The cylindrical nonsoluble container of the desiccant had a very characteristic radiological appearance. It is seen as a filling defect, with straight borders and square angles. PMID- 7365976 TI - Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis managed by double pyloroplasty. PMID- 7365975 TI - Treatment of coccidioidomycosis with miconazole. AB - Miconazole was injected intravenously in six patients with coccidioidomycosis. Two patients received 101 and 185 g, respectively, without clinical response and with persistence of positive cultures for Coccidioides immitis. In one patient, symptoms were suppressed when amphotericin B was given with miconazole, but new lesions developed with miconazole alone (total dose, 963 g). Three patients received smaller doses: 30.6 g before death from an unrelated complication; 17 and 22.3 g before development of severe allergic reactions. Because of the high rate of initial failures and relapses, miconazole is not recommended as primary therapy for coccidioidomycosis. PMID- 7365977 TI - Maxillary brown tumor of secondary hyperparathyroidism in a hemodialysis patient. PMID- 7365978 TI - The magic of a name. PMID- 7365979 TI - Costs-adding up the little things. PMID- 7365980 TI - Paracolic fistulous tracts in diverticulitis and granulomatous colitis. PMID- 7365981 TI - Progression and regression of atherosclerosis. AB - Relation of the intimal change in aging of various arteries to progression of atherosclerosis and the morphology of regression of atherosclerotic lesion were discussed. The course of regression of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits and its histological findings were described. PMID- 7365982 TI - Atherosclerosis in the pediatric age with special reference to initiation, progression and regression of atherosclerotic lesions. AB - Fibromuscular intimal thickening begins to occur early in the pediatric age, with or without lipid deposition. Fatty streaks also appear first in infant. Fatty streaks occur almost always in close association with intimal thickening. Some fatty streaks remain unchanged as those seen in the ascending aorta. Intimal thickening and lipid deposition generally increase with age. The prevalence of those lesions is very high in infants and children. The degree and extent of those lesions display wide individual variability. Finally, intimal thickening is considered to be an integral part of atherosclerosis and to represent the first stage of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic lesions, at least a part of them, are derived from thrombosis in association with endothelial denudation. Hyperlipidemia accelerates the atherosclerotic process. Lipid-rich atherosclerotic lesions may regress to some degree under a long normolipidemic state but leave intimal fibrous scarring. Therefore primary prevention of atherosclerosis should be directed as well as secondary prevention. PMID- 7365983 TI - Risk factors of arteriosclerosis in Japanese children. AB - Total cholesterol level was measured in 8,303 children and youth in Tokyo. Age ranged from 6 to 18 years. The change of total cholesterol level relates to sex and age, and girls showed higher level than boys. Not a small number of children revealed elevated total cholesterol level but some children showed very low level. HDL-cholesterol was determined and prevalence of ischemic coronary heart disease risk factors was studied. The elevation of total cholesterol level in senior high school students was caused by either increase of HDL-cholesterol or increased total minus HDL-cholesterol fraction. High school boys with obesity were found to have higher serum total cholesterol level accompanied by low HDL cholesterol level. High school boys of parents with myocardial infarction were found to have higher total cholesterol level. Majority of Japanese senior high school students were found to have one or more coronary heart disease risk factors. The necessity of prevention for ischemic coronary heart disease starting from childhood in Japan is emphasized. PMID- 7365984 TI - The body surface isopotential maps of the non-transmural infarctions--a simulation study of excitation spread in a ventricular model. AB - Simulation by a digital computer of excitation spread in a human ventricular model produced displays of body surface isopotential maps. Localization of model myocardial infarctions to non-transmural and transmural sites produced distinctive differences in these displayed isopotential maps. The body surface directly over the infarcted lesion was negative in potential only in the first half period of the QRS complex and then became positive. The model demonstrated that this later positive potential was due to delayed arrival of excitation to the subepicardial layer outside of the subendocardial lesion. While, in transmural infarction, the overlying body surface remained negative in potential throughout the QRS complex. It is expected that body surface isopotential maps will become clinically available and will permit helpful differential diagnoses between non-transumral and transmural myocardial infarctions. PMID- 7365985 TI - A prosthetic myocardium: hemodynamic advantages. AB - When a large left ventricular aneurysm or infarct is excised, a frequent complication is inability of the left ventricle to regain adequate performance. Reduction in ventricular volume and impairment of myocardial contractility, either of which can diminish cardiac output to levels incompatible with life, are probably the main factors that lead to left ventricular failure after such surgery. A prototype prosthetic myocardium, designed to mimic the actions of the left ventricular myocardium, offers a direct means of restoring both ventricular volume and contractility after excision of a large portion of the left ventricle. In dog experiments 17 +/- 1.1% (AV +/- SE) of the left ventricle was infarcted and excised under cardiopulmonary bypass. The prosthetic myocardium was implanted and activated, and changes in hemodynamic parameters produced by the assist device were studied. "On" to "off" changes in 11 dogs in congestive failure averaged over the course of the experiment were as follows: m-AoP was increased 19 +/- 1.7% (Mean +/- SE): LV Syst. Press. was increased 24 +/- 1.7%; SV was increased 34 +/- 3.2%, LVEDP and m-LAP were reduced 43 +/- 2.4% and 22 +/- 1.4% respectively; and LVSW incrdased 88 +/- 8.8%. With these hemodynamic benefits this prototype represents an encouraging step toward the development of a device for orthotopic replacement of damaged myocardium. PMID- 7365988 TI - Angiographic changes in the coronary artery associated with cyclical reductions of coronary blood pressure. AB - Morphological changes associated with cyclical reductions of blood pressure in the partially constricted coronary artery of anesthetized dogs have been examined. In the constricted coronary segments, smooth and diffuse spasm, rosary like spasm, a localized narrowing indicating a platelet aggregate or thrombus, and no obvious change were observed during the pressure reductions in 3, 5, 2 and 5 of 15 trials of 12 preparations, respectively. In the distal segments of the same preparations, segmental spasm and diffuse spasm were observed during the pressure reductions in 8 and one trials, respectively. The changes in the constricted and distal segments appeared simultaneously or independently. The change which indicates obstruction of the distal segments with platelet aggregates or thrombi was observed in none. The results indicate that spasm, but not platelet aggregates or thrombi, in the constricted segments and/or distal segments plays the major role in the cyclical reductions of blood pressure in the partially constricted coronary artery. PMID- 7365986 TI - Effect of magnesium in cardioplegic solution upon hypothermic ischemic myocardial mitochondria. AB - Twelve anesthetized mongrel dogs were subjected to systemic hypothermia and potassium-induced cardioplegia for 60 minutes with or without magnesium-1 aspartate. The effect of magnesium was assessed by indices of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Cardiac arrest was induced by potassium (20 mEq per liter) (6 dogs) or potassium (20 mEq per liter)- magnesium (8 mM per liter). The heart was reperfused for ten minutes following arrest. Dogs were supported by standard cardiopulmonary bypass with hypothermia at 20 degrees C of myocardial temperature. Mitochondria were isolated from the endocardium, the epicardium of the left ventricle and the ventricular septum. ADP: 0 ratio and state 3 respiration were well maintained in both groups following 60 minutes of ischemic arrest and 10 minutes of reperfusion. Magnesium suppressed the non-phosphorylated oxygen consumption of mitochondria, therefore, respiratory control index was signficantly enhanced in the group of potassium-magnesium-1-aspartate cardioplegia. These data suggest that magnesium protects functional capacity of mitochondrial phosphorylation in the myocardium from ischemia. PMID- 7365987 TI - Ruptured congenital aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva into the right ventricle: with special reference to pathoanatomic and hemodynamic characteristics in symptomless cases. AB - Clinical features of 19 cases with congenital aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva rupturing into the right ventricular outflow region (Type 1) were analysed in relation to their pathoanatomic lesions and hemodynamic alterations. Sixteen cases were operated with one surgical death. All were catheterized together with ascending aortographic study. Rupture of the aneurysm in many cases was silent or symptomless and progressive heart failure was not quite common. Symptomatology of the patients did not seem to be related entirely to status of the pathoanatomical lesions or hemodynamic alterations. Time of the rupture, and inherent right ventricular characteristics, tolerating volume overload rather well, might be, in part, responsible for its better prognosis in some cases. However, all patients with ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva should be treated surgically. Bacterial endocarditis is a serious complication leading to death. PMID- 7365989 TI - Present status of infarct size measurement in relation to regional myocardial blood flow. PMID- 7365990 TI - Serum cardiac myosin light chain II in acute myocardial infarction; distinctive pattern of its appearance and estimation of infarct size. PMID- 7365991 TI - Electrocardiographic ST-elevation: its sensitivity and limitation as an index of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7365993 TI - The non-invasive evaluation of regional myocardial ischemia studied by a "stress injected" thallium-201 myocardial imaging and a radionuclide left ventriculography. PMID- 7365992 TI - Diagnostic value of body surface map in myocardial infarction: assessment of location, size and ejection fraction as compared with coronary cineangiography and 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy. AB - The diagnosis of the location and size of old myocardial infarction was made by the map and various indices obtained from the map were correlated with coronary arteriography, left ventriculography, and 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy. Diseased coronary arteries were presumed from Q30, Q40 area and/or peak voltage map and left ventricular wall motion was estimated from subtraction map. There were significant correlations between ejection fraction and sigma R in anterolateral MI (r = 0.51, p less than 0.001) and between ejection fraction and nQ30 in anterolateral (r = -0.47, p less than 0.001) and inferoposterior (r = -0.63, p less than 0.01) MI. Negative correlation was observed between myocardial uptake ratio (MUR) and nQ30 (r = -0.69, p less than 0.001) and positive correlation between MUR and sigma R (r = 0.50 p less than 0.01) in anterolateral MI. Those cases which could not be diagnosed by either ECG or 201Tl scintigraphy were correctly diagnosed by the map and it proved to have an excellent diagnostic accuracy for myocardial infarction. PMID- 7365994 TI - [Studies on the local anesthetic agents (1). Distribution of local anesthetic (radioactive lidocaine) after spinal anesthesia in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365995 TI - [Platelet function in experimental hemorrhagic shock (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365996 TI - [Changes in total and extracellular fluid volume in organs following water restriction and subsequent fluid infusion in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365997 TI - [Investigation of intratracheal cardiogram as a measure of myocardial contractility--study before and after infusion of isoproterenol in lactated ringer solution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365998 TI - [Influence of anesthesia and surgery on small airway--investigation with MEFV (author's transl)]. PMID- 7365999 TI - [Caudal anesthesia for upper abdominal surgery in poor risk infants and children. I. Comparative studies with "Liverpool technique" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366001 TI - [Sick sinus syndrome manifested during anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366000 TI - [A neck compression apparatus devised for a prophylaxis of air embolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366003 TI - The effects of 8-azaguanine on cardiac development in the chick embryo. PMID- 7366002 TI - Real-time, phased-array, cross-sectional echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular asynergy and quantitation of left ventricular function. A comparison with left ventricular cineangiography. PMID- 7366004 TI - Detection of flail aortic valve in bacterial endocarditis with real-time two dimensional echocardiography. A case report. AB - This report describes a case with flail right and noncoronary cusps due to bacterial endocarditis, diagnosed with real-time two-dimensional echocardiography. Real-time two-dimensional phased array sector scanner demonstrated 2 cugdel-shaped lesions in the region of the left ventricular outflow tract through the aortic root, pendulating upward and downward floating along the blood stream. This study shows that the real-time two-dimensional echocardiography is a very useful noninvasive tool in the early diagnosis of flail aortic valve. PMID- 7366005 TI - The change in the left atrial dimension during diastole. Echocardiographic assessment of mitral stenosis. AB - The change in the left atrial dimension during diastole was examined in patients with mitral stenosis using echocardiography. The left atrial emptying fraction (LAEF), defined as the ratio of enddiastolic dimension to endsystolic dimension of the left atrium, was 0.65 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- SE) for normal subjects, 0.86 +/- 0.01 for low grade mitral stenosis, and 0.92 +/- 0.01 for high grade stenosis. The LAEF correlated well with mitral valve area index (r = -0.70), but the correlation between E-F slope of the anterior mitral leaflet and mitral valve area index was less significant (r = 0.48). In patients who received mitral valve replacement the LAEF and the left atrial dimension significantly improved. The left atrial emptying fraction is an easily obtainable and reliable index to estimate the severity of mitral stenosis, even in patients who have undergone mitral valvular surgery. PMID- 7366006 TI - Electrophysiological effects of lidocaine in sick sinus syndrome. AB - Electrophysiological studies were performed to see the effects of lidocaine on the conduction system, particularly sinus node and atrium in 40 patients of SSS, using HBE recordings, rapid atrial pacing and atrial extrastimulus technique. Sinus cycle length, PA (P'A), AH, HV intervals, calculated SACT, and refractory periods of atrium, AV node and His-Purkinje system did not change after lidocaine. Only maximum CSRT was significantly increased with lidocaine. These results were not affected by pretreatment of atropine. In conclusion, the combining rapid atrial pacing with lidocaine may be useful to manifest the masked sinus node abnormalities. It was suggested that lidocaine directly depressed sinus node automaticity in SSS patients, without affecting perinodal tissue. Therefore, lidocaine should be used with caution in patients with known or suspected SSS. PMID- 7366008 TI - A study on the genesis of "f" waves of atrial fibrillation in man considered as multiple statistical time series. PMID- 7366010 TI - [Epidemiology of sarcoidosis in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366009 TI - A study on the genesis of "F" waves of atrial flutter in man considered as multiple statistical time series. PMID- 7366011 TI - [Clinical features of sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366007 TI - Influence of vasodilator therapy on prognosis of acute myocardial infarction in the aged patients. A comparative study between vasodilator-treated group and group treated without vasodilator. AB - Influence of vasodilator therapy on prognosis of acute myocardial infarction complicated by left heart failure (in Killip classes II and III) was studied in 22 aged patients (mean age; 75.7 years). The patients were retrospectively divided into 2 groups: Group I; 12 patients were treated with isosorbide dinitrate and/or chlorpromazine and Group II; 10 patients were treated with other conventional medical measures. Initial hemodynamic changes on admission were not significantly different between 2 groups. With these treatments mortality rate within 2 weeks of treatment was lower in Group I than in Group II (p less than 0.01), however, cumulative cardiac mortality rate within 18 months did not differ significantly. The present study demonstrated beneficial influence of vasodilator therapy on early prognosis in aged patients, but failed to show prolonged influence on later mortality. PMID- 7366012 TI - [Diagnosis and clinical findings of sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366014 TI - [Results of the evaluation of duties at the central laboratory--results on the analysis of individual work hours]. PMID- 7366013 TI - [Differential diagnosis on biopsied specimens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366015 TI - [Mass screening method of abnormal hemoglobin by isoelectric focusing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366016 TI - [On the determination of prothrombin with chromogenic peptide substrate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366017 TI - [Changes of red cell membrane lipids in diabetes mellitus as measured by Iatroscan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366018 TI - [Determination of body fluid lactate and pyruvate with UV method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366019 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of colo-rectal polyp (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366020 TI - [Hypotonic study of GI. tract with the use of glucagon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366021 TI - [Occlusive retrograde azygography using balloon wedge pressure catheter (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366022 TI - [CT of the gynecologic masses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366023 TI - [Radiation pneumonitis during eleven years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366024 TI - [A case report of pulmonary sequestration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366025 TI - [Two cases of intralobar pulmonary sequestration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366027 TI - [Angiographic diagnosis of infantile extralobar pulmonary sequestration (report of a case) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366026 TI - [A case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366028 TI - [Three cases of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366029 TI - [A case of adult respiratory distress syndrome in an infant (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366030 TI - [Silicosis with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366031 TI - [Renogram in dehydrated and hydrated condition (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366032 TI - [Questions from radiotherapists to physicist and his doubts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366034 TI - [A study on postoperative pulmonary complication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366033 TI - [Analysis of cellular and biochemical components of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366036 TI - [Characteristics of the wave form of intrabronchial spark sounds on the chest wall and discontinuous adventitious lung sounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366037 TI - [A case of tracheobronchiomegaly (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366035 TI - [Intracellular killing of staphyloccocus aureus by alveolar macrophages stimulated by alveolar lining materials (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366038 TI - [A case of Behcet's syndrome associated with pulmonary manifestations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366039 TI - [Late results of prosthetic valve replacement in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366040 TI - [Surgical result of supravalvular aortic stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366041 TI - [Analysis of surgically induced right bundle branch block by epicardial mapping (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366042 TI - [A case of bilateral phrenic nerve paralysis due to ice slush used for topical cardiac hypothermia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366043 TI - [A case of acute hemorrhagic gastric ulcers and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma following mitral valve replacement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366044 TI - [Choice of treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366045 TI - [Transthoracic emergency pacing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366047 TI - [Management of intra-aortic dislodgment of the plug used in Porstmann's method]. PMID- 7366046 TI - [Surgical treatment of 2 infants with aortopulmonary window (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366048 TI - [Mitral stenosis associated with left ventricular aneurysm and angiographically normal coronary arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366049 TI - [A rare complication after tricuspid annuloplasty using a new Carpentier's ring (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366050 TI - [Use of a ringed intraluminal graft in the operative management for aneurysm of the thoracic aorta (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366051 TI - [Konno's operation for severe aortic stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366052 TI - [Clinical conference at the 1st Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University. 1. Multiple pulmonary arterio-venous fistulae associated with severe cyanosis]. PMID- 7366053 TI - Isolation and serological comparison of ureaplasmas from goats and sheep. PMID- 7366054 TI - Isolation of Mycoplasma meleagridis from turkeys in Japan. PMID- 7366055 TI - Morphological study on the intestine of the must shrew, Suncus murinus. PMID- 7366056 TI - [Studies on patellar luxation in dogs: on analysis of the silhouette of the distal end of the femur]. PMID- 7366057 TI - On the etiology of diaphragmatic hernia in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). PMID- 7366058 TI - Serological studies of bovine ureaplasmas by agar-gel precipitation test. PMID- 7366059 TI - Glycogen in the specialized cardiac muscle of the quail. PMID- 7366060 TI - Focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in adulthood. AB - In adults with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) focal involvement occurs in 17% Of patients and the remainder have diffuse involvement of the kidney. Most patients are in the fourth and fifth decades. There appears to be a predilection for the left kidney, and 60% of patients will have a positive urine culture. Radiographically, a poorly-functioning, hypovascular renal mass is seen. The clinical and pathological presentations of focal XGP can closely resemble clear cell renal cell carcinoma, but partial nephrectomy is the preferred treatment for this inflammatory disorder. We discuss three adults with focal XGP who have been treated at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in the past 2 1/2 years. PMID- 7366061 TI - Micropenis. I. Criteria, etiologies and classification. AB - A micropenis is an abnormally small penis with a normal configuration. This finding constitues a sign not a diagnosis. The etiologies may be classified as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, primary hypogonadism, androgen insensitivity, or idiopathic; among 45 patients, the respective percentages in these categories were 31, 24, 2 and 7% with 36% as yet undiagnosed. Various clinical syndromes may include a micropenis and can be classified in one of the etiologic categories. This paper provides the criteria for determining the presence of a micropenis. A phallic length which is 2.5 or more standard deviations below the mean should be considered as abnormal; for an infant of 0 to 5 months of age, the lower limit is 1.9 cm. The technique of penile measurement, determination of etiology, guidelines for sex of rearing and psychologic, surgical and medical management are discussed. PMID- 7366062 TI - Clinical diversity in Gaucher's disease. PMID- 7366063 TI - Clinical Conferences at The Johns Hopkins Hospital: drug-resistant osteomyelitis in a diabetic patient. PMID- 7366064 TI - [Side effect of enviomycin as the causative agent of the changes in serum electrolytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366065 TI - [A clinical study on sarcoidosis. Part II (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366066 TI - [Wenckebach's block]. PMID- 7366067 TI - [Effect of dipyridamole on the dynamics of left-ventricular contraction]. PMID- 7366069 TI - [Analysis of surgical risk factors in mitral valve defects]. PMID- 7366068 TI - [Hemodynamic changes after correction of mitral valve defects]. PMID- 7366070 TI - [Polycardiographic indicators of left-ventricular diastole in primary arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7366072 TI - [Studies on the factors affecting the prognosis after myocardial infarct. II. Circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 7366071 TI - [Polish experiment with regard to coronary disease prevention. I. Characteristics of the male population of the Warsaw industrial plants participating in the Coronary Disease Prevention Program]. PMID- 7366073 TI - [Polish experiment with regard to coronary disease prevention. II. Arterial hypertension and the effectiveness of its treatment among the male population of the Warsaw industrial plants participating in the experiment: arterial blood pressure]. PMID- 7366074 TI - [Polish experiment with regard to coronary disease prevention. III. Arterial hypertension and the effectiveness of its treatment among the male population aged 40-59 years from the Warsaw industrial plants participating in the experiment: Characteristics of the group of persons with hypertension]. PMID- 7366075 TI - [Polish experiment with regard to coronary disease prevention. IV. Incidence of ischemic heart disease among male population aged 40-59 from the Warsaw industrial plants participating in the experiment]. PMID- 7366076 TI - [Malignant hypertension in chronic bilateral kidney diseases]. PMID- 7366077 TI - [Hemodynamic monitoring in acute myocardial infarct by means of non-invasive methods based on Fisher's discrimination analysis]. PMID- 7366078 TI - [Peroxide hemolysis test in children with mucoviscidosis. Parameter for vitamin E metabolism?]. PMID- 7366079 TI - [Pediatric aspects of morbidity and mortality statistics]. PMID- 7366080 TI - [A 10-year-statistic of sudden infant death (city of Dresden)]. PMID- 7366081 TI - [Chronic intussusception in older children with mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 7366082 TI - [Treatment of gigantic girls and boys]. PMID- 7366083 TI - [Significance of radioallergosorbent test in diagnosis of bronchial asthma in childhood]. PMID- 7366084 TI - [Infusion therapy of pulmonary abscesses via the pulmonary artery and subclavian vein]. PMID- 7366085 TI - [Improved method of draining the pleural cavity in suppurative pleurisy in children]. PMID- 7366086 TI - [Functional anatomy of the aortic valves]. PMID- 7366087 TI - [Knife wound of the superior vena cava]. PMID- 7366088 TI - [Replantation of the right hand using microsurgery]. PMID- 7366090 TI - [Electrical stimulation of the heart in complete atrioventricular block]. PMID- 7366089 TI - [Surgical treatment of primary defects of the interatrial septum]. PMID- 7366091 TI - [Surgical treatment of congenital heart defects in patients older than 16]. PMID- 7366092 TI - [Clinical angiographic variants of ectasia of the deep veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7366093 TI - [Results of the ambulatory treatment of varicse veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7366094 TI - [Plastic repair of the femoral vein valve in the overall surgical treatment of the recanalized form of the postthrombophlebotic syndrome]. PMID- 7366095 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute thrombophlebitis of the subcutaneous veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7366096 TI - [Lumbar sympathectomy in treating arteriosclerosis obliterans of the arteries of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7366097 TI - [Role and place of prolonged intra-arterial infusion in the treatment of obliterating arterial diseases of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7366098 TI - [Free transplant of the toe to the hand using a microsurgical technic]. PMID- 7366099 TI - [Bronchial resection in tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7366100 TI - [Finger replantation]. PMID- 7366101 TI - [Correlation of the regional hemodynamic indices of the lesser circulation and their significance in the surgical treatment of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases]. PMID- 7366102 TI - [Risk of surgical operations in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7366103 TI - [Classification of pathology of the thoracic and right lymphatic ducts]. PMID- 7366104 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis]. PMID- 7366105 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 7366107 TI - [Correction of funnel chest by using a magnetic system of permanent samarium cobalt magnets]. PMID- 7366106 TI - [Esophageal foreign bodies in adults]. PMID- 7366108 TI - [Experimental investigations on the effects of low temperature on the activity of keratocytes during healing of penetrating corneal defect (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366109 TI - [The optimal conditions for cryotherapy of viral corneal ulcers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366110 TI - [Experimental investigations on the effects of low temperature on resorption of purulent exudate from the anterior chamber (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366111 TI - [Cryotherapy of recurrent episcleritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366112 TI - Modern trends in the treatment of retinoblastoma. PMID- 7366113 TI - [Free fatty acids in various types of senile cataracts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366115 TI - Damage to the corneal endothelium in the course of phakoemulsification. PMID- 7366114 TI - Corneal complications after cataract extraction. PMID- 7366116 TI - Trabeculectomy. PMID- 7366117 TI - [Effect of congenital and acquired diseases of the visual system on the development of brain bioelectric activity disturbances (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366118 TI - [Oculomyodynamometric measurements of levator muscles of the upper eyelids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366119 TI - [The syndrome of Stilling-Turk-Duane: clinical diagnosis and results of surgical treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366120 TI - [On the problem of optic disc pit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366121 TI - [Study on the genesis of diffuse intravascular coagulation after implantation of a peritoneal-jugular le veen shunt (author's transl)]. AB - In a 68-year-old woman with cirrhosis of the liver an attempt was made to treat the intractable ascites by a peritoneal-jugular shunt. In the course of the two week continuous reinfusion of ascites a disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) developed which made a ligation of the shunt necessary. After ligation the fibrinogen and platelets rose to normal levels. To evaluate the relationship of the DIC to the continuous reinfusion of ascites, a coagulation profile of the ascitic fluid of a number of patients was performed. It could be demonstrated that the procoagulant activities and factors inhibiting coagulation varied widely although, in some cases, procoagulant factors predominated. Furthermore, in the ascitic fluid of the one patient described in detail activation of the contact factor could be shown following implantation of the shunt. The results of these investigations suggest that in future candidates for a Le Veen shunt, in vitro clotting tests should be performed of the ascitic fluid and a probatory reinfusion of a large amount of ascitic fluid with a parallel evaluation of the most important clotting parameters. A patient at risk to develop DIC following the insertion of a Le Veen shunt perhaps could thus be recognized prior to such a procedure. PMID- 7366122 TI - Stauffer's syndrome in renal cell carcinoma evidence for intravascular coagulation. AB - In 40 patients with non-metastasising (n = 31) and metastasising (n = 9) renal cell carcinoma, evidence of Stauffer's syndrome (increase in alkaline serum phosphatase and prolongation of prothrombin time) was found in 18 patients. Prolongation of prothrombin time was not due to depletion of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors or manifest fibrinolysis, but due to the presence of circulating fibrinogen fibrinmonomer-FDP complexes. Ethanol gelation test was found to be positive in 28/40 subjects and soluble fibrin monomer complexes were increased in 38/40 patients. The resulting disturbance of fibrinogen-fibrin conversion was reflected by an increase in thrombin coagulase time and reptilase time. These findings suggests a state of latent compensated intravascular coagulation (presumably triggered within the vascular tumor). For diagnostic purposes the most sensitive indicator is thrombin coagulase time. Thrombin coagulase time normalised after tumor resection and was positive in patients with recurrent metastases. The increase in alkaline serum phosphatase was due to an increase in the hepatic isoenzyme. Such an increase was much more common than the elevation of total alkaline serum phosphatase. Regan's isoenzyme was only found in 1 subject. In parallel, gamma-GT was elevated in 24 patients. The study shows that Stauffer's syndrome occurs more frequently than commonly assumed when thrombin coagulase time, gamma-GT and the hepatic isoenzyme of alkaline serum phosphatase are determined in patients with renal cell carcinoma. DIC and low grade fibrinolysis may account for the coagulation abnormalities of the syndrome. PMID- 7366123 TI - Growth hormone deficiency and growth hormone therapy in Ullrich-Turner-syndrome. AB - In a girl with Ullrich-Turner-Syndrome (gonadal dysgenesis 45, XO) and growth hormone deficiency, 10 U of human growth hormone/m2 body surface area/week increased the growth rate from 2.0 to 4.1 cm/year. Doses of up to 36 U/m2/week did not improve the growth rate in 4 girls with Ullrich-Turner-Syndrome who had normal plasma growth hormone concentration and increation. We conclude that growth hormone therapy is unsuccessful in dwarfism in Ullrich-Turner-Syndrome and should be reserved for patients with proven growth hormone deficiency. PMID- 7366125 TI - [The early removal of amatoxins in the treatment of amanita phalloides poisoning (author's transl)]. AB - In a 3 year period (1975-77) 50 patients have been admitted to the I.C.U. of Polyclinic Hospital of Milan for poisoning from mushrooms of Amanita genus. In 47 cases the diagnosis was confirmed "a posteriori" by serum or urinary detection of amtoxins and/or by clinical evidence of typical liver injury. Besides the symptomatologic support, the therapeutic treatment included combined removal procedures, such as peritoneal dialysis, plasmapheresis, forced diuresis. The detection by radioimmunoassay of amatoxins [6] in the serum and in the urine of these patients proves that this therapeutic treatment can be effective within about 36 hours from ingestion time. The intensive medical care and the removal approach yielded as the whole favourable results in our patients (overall mortality was 6 patients, i.e. 12,7%). It should moreover be emphasized that of the 35 patients, who had been treated with early removal techniques, 12 with ascertained amanita poisoning, had neither clinical nor biochemical evidence of hepatic damage; 14 had a moderate liver damage; 9 experienced a severe liver failure and hepatic coma occurred in 4 of the latter. These poor results can be ascribed to the severity of the poisoning as well as to a peculiar kinetic of amatoxins in each subject. PMID- 7366128 TI - Pathobiochemical transition of secondary coproporphyrinuria to chronic hepatic porphyria in humans. PMID- 7366127 TI - [Excretion of transamination products in hyperphenylalaninemia (author's transl)]. AB - A low-phenylalanine diet was given for a period of three weeks to four untreated adult phenylketonurics with mental deficiency. One week before the diet was started, in the course of the diet and one week after its termination, some transamination products of phenylalanine, tryptophan and histidine were determined quantitatively. Each of the transamination products showed a positive correlation to the serum phenylalanine levels of the patients, probably due to the large affinity of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and phenylpyruvic acid for the amino groups of the aromatic amino acids. This may also explain the low levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and serotonine which has been observed by other authors in untreated phenylketonurics. Accordingly, treated phenylketonurics should suffer from a chronic deficiency of biogenic amines after termination of the low-phenylalanine diet. PMID- 7366126 TI - [Relapse prognosis for patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract on the basis of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and its circulating immune complexes (author's transl)]. AB - CEA immune complexes and free CEA were routinely determined in sera of 350 patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract preoperatively and during a 2-year surveillance period. We could detect circulating CEA immune complexes preoperatively in 25% of our patients. The appearance of CEA immune complexes prove to be a useful prognostic marker with respect to tumor extension since 72/86 patients with CEA immune complexes showed metastasis at the primary resection. The postoperative appearance of CEA immune complexes could be used as an additional parameter for the diagnosis of the relapse; 32/60 patients with a relapse developed CEA immune complexes during the period of surveillance. All patients with localized disease recurrence were found to be free of CEA immune complexes. Detection of CEA immune complexes, however, coincided always with the clinical diagnosis of distant spread of disease. This diagnosis was always preceded by an increase of free CEA and/or CEA immune complexes. In 50/60 patients the relapse could only be demonstrated by clinical methods since these patients stayed CEA-negative throughout the surveillance period. PMID- 7366130 TI - [Manganese serum levels of epileptics]. PMID- 7366129 TI - [Computer-analysis of volume distribution curves of erythrocytes (author's transl)]. AB - The erythrocyte diameter curve of Price-Jones exhibits symmetrical, normal distribution. In contrast, the volume distribution curve of erythrocytes shows an asymmetrical course with some skewness to the right, which with different haematological diseases may vary. With respect to differential diagnosis as well as to therapy it is of importance to have available an objective means of comparing curves with different shapes. We therefore developed a mathematical determination of the volume distribution curves, which derived from the overlapping of two Gaussian normal distribution curves. Volume distribution curves of erythrocytes were determined with an electronic particle counter (Coulter counter) in 271 healthy and haematologically affected children as well as in 3 adults. With only one exception all volume distribution curves of erythrocytes could be fitted using computer analysis and the constants m1, m2, s1 and s2 were calculated. Characterisation of the curves with only these 4 constants allows a simple qualitative as well as quantitative comparison of different volume distribution curves. PMID- 7366131 TI - [Diagnosis of gallstones]. PMID- 7366124 TI - [Toxic nephropathies (author's transl)]. AB - Direct tubular damage, hypersensitivity reaction, metabolically mediated kidney disturbances, and chronic nephropathies are important sequelae of several drugs or their metabolites. In this review the drug-induced kidney disease is discussed from a clinical, histological, and pathogenetic point of view. The knowledge of possible nephrotoxic reactions and their underlying toxins are essential for prevention of this kidney disease. PMID- 7366132 TI - [Ways to improve the quality of lectures on clinical disciplines]. PMID- 7366133 TI - [Principles for the integration of the teaching of endocrinology in the 5th year and during the internship in internal diseases]. PMID- 7366134 TI - [Student academic research work in a department of advanced-level therapy]. PMID- 7366135 TI - [Clinical picture of duodenal peptic ulcer in combination with opisthorchiasis]. PMID- 7366136 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course of peptic ulcer in adolescence and youth]. PMID- 7366137 TI - [Electrical activity of the stomach and the blood electrolytes in diffuse polyposis of the large intestine]. PMID- 7366138 TI - [Acute toxic dilatation of the large intestine in nonspecific ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7366139 TI - [Geriatric aspects of drug agent interaction]. PMID- 7366140 TI - [Rheohepatography in choleocysttitis before and after cholecystectomy]. PMID- 7366141 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of various types of treatment in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7366142 TI - [Use of penicillamine in Wilson-Konovalov disease]. PMID- 7366143 TI - [Chronic gastritis in the blood relatives of chronic gastritis and stomach cancer patients]. PMID- 7366144 TI - [Lipid metabolism, blood oxygen balance and the acid-base equilibrium in Shereshevskii-Turner syndrome]. PMID- 7366145 TI - [Pancreatic exocrine function in the initial forms of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7366146 TI - [Inhibitor therapy in surgery of thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 7366147 TI - [Treatment of chronic pneumonia under Nitrograph and cytomorphological control]. PMID- 7366148 TI - [Use of heparin in nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the bronchi and lungs]. PMID- 7366149 TI - [Programmed instruction in teaching the propedeutics of internal diseases]. PMID- 7366150 TI - [Method of teaching the propedeutics of internal diseases]. PMID- 7366151 TI - [Apropos of Iu. A. Domaev's article, "The Problem of the Inheritance of Urov Disease"]. PMID- 7366152 TI - [Debatable aspects in the study of Kashin-Bek disease]. PMID- 7366153 TI - [Subacute thyroiditis]. PMID- 7366154 TI - [Experience in treating tetanus]. PMID- 7366155 TI - [Indirect hemagglutination reaction in sporadic ornithosis]. PMID- 7366157 TI - [Modern problems in eliminating infectious diseases]. PMID- 7366156 TI - [Clinical problems of the brucellosis of reindeer in man]. PMID- 7366158 TI - [Acetylcholine, cholinesterase, catecholamine and vitamin indices in chronic brucellosis]. PMID- 7366159 TI - [Functional and morphological characteristics of the erythrocytes in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7366160 TI - [Collagen metabolism in diabetic microangiopathies]. PMID- 7366161 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of Conn's syndrome]. PMID- 7366162 TI - [Importance of the radioimmunological determination of parathormone in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 7366163 TI - [Functional state of the kidneys in pregnant women under novocaine treatment for late toxicosis]. PMID- 7366164 TI - [Clinical hormonal characteristics of the pubertal hypothalamic syndrome]. PMID- 7366165 TI - [Postoperative complications in cancer of the proximal portion of the stomach in old age]. PMID- 7366166 TI - [Rare form of anthrax with a lesion of the lids of both eyes]. PMID- 7366167 TI - [Leukemoid eosinophilic reaction in opisthorchiasis]. PMID- 7366168 TI - [Chronic trichomonal tracheobronchitis]. PMID- 7366169 TI - [Severe atypical course of typhoid fever]. PMID- 7366170 TI - [Case of actinomycosis of the maxillary area of the face]. PMID- 7366172 TI - [Difficulties of diagnosing tick-borne encephalitis]. PMID- 7366171 TI - [Successful treatment of staphylococcal sepsis by direct substitute blood transfusion]. PMID- 7366174 TI - Canine allergic contact dermatitis: a clinical review. PMID- 7366173 TI - Diseases of pet rodents. PMID- 7366175 TI - Spondylosis deformans of the lumbo-sacral joint in dogs. PMID- 7366176 TI - Uhl's anomaly in a cat associated with severe right-sided cardiac decompensation. PMID- 7366177 TI - Neoplasia, fractures and dislocations of the spine in the dog. PMID- 7366178 TI - Parvo-virus-like particles in myocarditis in pups. PMID- 7366179 TI - The anterior uveal cyst as an unusual cause of corneal pigmentation in the dog. PMID- 7366180 TI - Preliminary investigations into the use of allergy skin testing solutions and desensitizing vaccines in dogs. PMID- 7366181 TI - Chronic renal failure in young dogs--possible renal dysplasia. PMID- 7366182 TI - Measurement of daily water intake in the dog. PMID- 7366183 TI - Bilateral coxofemoral luxation in a dog: a case report. PMID- 7366185 TI - Effects of heat, noise, and provocation on retaliatory evaluative behavior. PMID- 7366184 TI - Development of a scale to measure attitudes toward using birth control pills. PMID- 7366186 TI - Physical aggression as a function of alcohol and pain feedback. PMID- 7366188 TI - Attitudes of Nigerian and American (U.S.) psychiatric professionals towards the mentally ill. PMID- 7366187 TI - The effects of chronic marijuana use. PMID- 7366190 TI - The relationship of transmural myocardial blood flow to midwall function. PMID- 7366189 TI - The effect of low-dose heparin therapy on serum platelet and transaminase levels. PMID- 7366191 TI - Correlation of cell cycle analysis with Duke's staging in colon cancer patients. PMID- 7366192 TI - Effects of morphine anesthesia on myocardial contractility, blood flow, and metabolism. PMID- 7366193 TI - Effects of various periods of cold potassium cardioplegic arrest upon myocardial contractility and metabolism. PMID- 7366194 TI - Effects of thymectomy on mammary tumor growth. PMID- 7366195 TI - Secretin, a stimulus for duodenal and pancreatic "gastrin" release: possible pathogenetic significance in Zollinger-Ellison (ZE) syndrome. PMID- 7366196 TI - Cholecystokinin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide not glucagonotropic in dogs. PMID- 7366197 TI - CAT scan of the month: Carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 7366199 TI - Services for the mentally retarded. PMID- 7366200 TI - Welcome to the Islands: AMA interim meeting, 1979. PMID- 7366201 TI - Report of the AMA executive vice president. AMA interim meeting, 1979. PMID- 7366198 TI - Diabetic diarrhea. PMID- 7366202 TI - Effect of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine on dose-dependent mouse strain differences in locomotor activity after ethanol. AB - Ethanol had biphasic effects on locomotor activity in C57Bl and BALB mice, but at different doses in the two strains. Catecholamine depletion attenuated activity increases in both strains but did not affect decreases. PMID- 7366203 TI - Characteristics of three groups of men alcoholics differentiated by age at first admission for alcoholism treatment in Japan. AB - Alcoholics who were first admitted for alcoholism treatment at a psychiatric hospital between 23 and 32 years of age were more likely than alcoholics admitted at a later age to be the firstborn or only child in their family, to have experienced paternal death before age 10 and to have had alcoholic relatives. PMID- 7366204 TI - Cognitive dysfunction in alcoholics and social drinkers; problems in assessment and remediation. PMID- 7366205 TI - Cognitive dysfunction in alcoholics and social drinkers; introduction. PMID- 7366206 TI - Alcohol misuse and neuropsychological deficits in men. AB - The 111 men alcoholics studied were of average intelligence or better and showed no gross memory deficit, but did show deficits on the Category, Tactual Performance and Trail Making Tests and the Impairment Index of the Halstead Reitan neuropsychological test battery. Impairment of the fronto-limbic diencephalic system may explain the findings. PMID- 7366208 TI - Cognitive deficits in women alcoholics as a function of gynecological status. AB - Compared with nonalcoholic controls, women alcoholics displayed cognitive deficits on verbal and nonverbal tasks. Although menstruating and nonmenstruating alcoholics performed similarly on verbal and nonverbal tasks, menstruating controls performed better than nonmenstruating controls on both tasks. PMID- 7366207 TI - Neuropsychological and neurological assessment of alcoholism; discrimination between groups of alcoholics. AB - Neurologically impaired alcoholics performed more poorly on neuropsychological tests than did neurologically normal alcoholics, but computerized tomography indicated cerebral atrophy in both groups. PMID- 7366209 TI - The nature and reversibility of cerebral impairment in alcoholism; treatment implications. AB - Deficits on tests of learning and memory were related to duration of heavy drinking and malnutrition and they predicted attendance in therapy. Retesting 6 months later indicated improved performance in abstinent patients and more impaired performance in alcoholics who continued to drink as before treatment. PMID- 7366210 TI - Treatment of reduced intellectual functioning in alcoholics. AB - Patients receiving training in visual-motor coordination, attention and concentration, memorization spatial functions, verbal functions and other types of abstract thinking reported improvements in memory and self-esteem. PMID- 7366211 TI - Improving retention in alcoholic Korsakoff patients. AB - Use of visual images facilitated the storage and retrieval of verbal information, use of verbal cues facilitated the retention of nonverbal materials, and semantic analysis enhanced recognition of verbal material by alcoholic Korsakoff patients. PMID- 7366212 TI - Alcohol and the aging process in social drinkers. AB - Social drinkers' performance on tests of abstracting and concept formation declined significantly as a function of age and of the quantity of alcohol consumed per drinking occasion. PMID- 7366214 TI - Washington report. PMID- 7366213 TI - The relationship of age and drinking habits to the effects of alcohol on memory in women. AB - When given a moderate dose of alcohol, both middle-aged women and women who were moderate drinkers retained less on 2 different types of memory tasks than did young women and women who were light drinkers. PMID- 7366215 TI - Alcohol and drug use among the Brokenhead Ojibwa. PMID- 7366216 TI - Hypermobility of the joints in women alcoholics. PMID- 7366217 TI - Evaluation of a training program for certified alcoholism counselors. AB - Evaluation of a training program for alcoholism counselors indicated that such training resulted in significant gains in knowledge, changes in attitude, greater ego strength and capacity for self-disclosure, as well as higher ratings of trainees on scales of effectiveness of counseling. PMID- 7366219 TI - On the validity of the Iowa Alcoholic Stages Index. AB - The Iowa Alcoholic Stages Index identified more later-stage than earlier-stage alcoholics in a clinic population and more earlier-stage than later-stage alcoholics in two samples of the general population in Iowa. PMID- 7366218 TI - Effectiveness of an 84-day and a 60-day alcoholism treatment program. PMID- 7366220 TI - The reliability of drinking estimates obtained with two data collection methods. AB - Two data collection methods, weekly interview and daily record, obtained equally reliable estimates of alcohol consumption per event, but weekly interviews obtained more reliable estimates of the number of drinking events and the amount of alcohol consumed over a 2-week or longer period. PMID- 7366221 TI - On the location of cellular functions in perfused organs. PMID- 7366223 TI - On environmental variability and limits to similarity. PMID- 7366222 TI - Strong evolutionary equilibrium and the war of attrition. PMID- 7366224 TI - Metal ion-protein complex formation: buffer competitive effects. PMID- 7366225 TI - Effects of cooperation on competitive systems. PMID- 7366226 TI - Repeated injection (continuous labelling) experiments in mouse epidermis. PMID- 7366227 TI - The distribution of heat sources in the human head--theoretical considerations. PMID- 7366228 TI - Geometrical models of territory. I. Models for synchronous and asynchronous settlement of territories. PMID- 7366229 TI - On predicting extinction in simple population models. II. Numerical approximations. PMID- 7366230 TI - On the non-existence of periodic solutions of the reactive-diffusive Volterra system of equations. PMID- 7366231 TI - Electrostatic stabilization of dipolar transition states in enzyme catalyzed transacylations. A theoretically plausible mechanism. PMID- 7366233 TI - Technique, indications, and clinical use of 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring. AB - The technique of 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring (24 hour pH test) is described. Experience with the 24 hour pH test in 393 patients with suspected esophageal disease has shown the clinical usefulness of the test in objectively determining the presence of gastroesophageal reflux. The test was effective in evaluating atypical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux such as respiratory symptoms and chest pain and, in children, failure to thrive and recurrent pneumonia. The 24 hour pH test was particularly useful in evaluating patients who were referred with other abdominal or thoracic disease and had, in addition, symptoms suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux on history. The test helped to unsnarl the cause of recurrent symptoms after an esophageal myotomy for achalasia or an antireflux procedure. Of 179 patients with typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux, 27% had normal 24 hour test results and were subsequently diagnosed as having another cause for their symptoms. Of 146 patients who had normal findings on esophagoscopy, 54% were shown to have abnormal gastroesophageal reflux on 24 hour pH monitoring, indicating lack of sensitivity of endoscopy to detect reflux. In addition, the 24 hour pH test identified patterns of abnormal reflux and indicated those patients most at risk for development of stricture. The test is well tolerated by the patients, simple to use, and dependable when performed and read as described. The clinical use of the 24 hour pH test brings objectivity to the evaluation of exophageal disease that has hitherto not been available. PMID- 7366232 TI - Improvement in left ventricular function after myocardial revascularization: assessment by first-pass rest and exercise nuclear angiography. AB - Thirty-six patients with coronary artery disease were studied by first-pass radionuclide angiography to assess the effects of myocardial revascularization on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. The radionuclide studies were performed in the 30 degree right anterior ablique position, at rest and during exercise, 1 to 3 days preoperatively and 10 to 14 days postoperatively. The mean population age was 53 years; the mean number of grafts placed was 4.0 per patient. Fifteen normal male volunteers were tested by rest and exercise radionuclide angiography to serve as normal control subjects. In all exercise radionuclide studies, progressive upright bicycle exercise was performed to symptoms of fatigue, dyspnea, or chest pain. The parameters of ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic volume (EDV), and regional wall motion (RWM) were determined. Twenty-nine of the 36 patients had postoperative coronary arteriography that was correlated with radionuclide determinations. The results showed that in the normal subjects with maximal exercise the mean EF rose, the mean EDV increased 19%, and there was no exercise-induced regional wall motion dysfunction (ERWMD). In the patients with coronary artery disease prior to operation, the mean EF fell significantly, the mean EDV rose 24%, and 26 of 36 patients had ERWMD. After operation, the mean EF of the group rose, the EDV increased only 15%, and only two of 36 patients continued to show ERWMD. Of the eight patients who demonstrated on abnormal response postoperatively, seven had what was considered to be inadequate revascularization, and in one there was no explanation. The data demonstrate that myocardial revascularization does improve ventricular function by abolishing exercise-induced evidence of ischemia (decreased EF, increased EDV, and ERWMD) as assessed by radionuclide angiography. Failure to abolish the exercise-induced functional instability suggests incomplete revascularization. PMID- 7366234 TI - Real-time sound spectroanalysis for diagnosis of malfunctioning prosthetic valves. AB - A newly developed real-time sound spectroanalyzer was found to be capable of diagnosing malfunction of prosthetic heart valves. Sound spectroanalysis is believed to be superior to other methods such as phonocardiography and echocardiography. This system, developed in our institute, allows display on a cathode ray oscilloscope of five different modes of the valvular click, including the sound spectrograph and section pattern. Analysis of the section pattern allows measurement of the high-frequency components of the valvular click, which is normalized so as to be applicable to a click of any intensity. This parameter is called normalized maximal frequency (NMF). Sound spectroanalyses were carried out 228 times on 127 patients having a prosthetic heart valve. NMF values of normally functioning valves differed characteristically according to the type of valve, but did not change during the postoperative time course. Three of seven patients who had cerebral embolism showed significantly lower NMF values than normal, as did all four patients whose valve had become thrombosed. PMID- 7366235 TI - In vitro assessment of mitral valve prostheses. AB - The performance of five prosthetic mitral valves (Ionescu-Shiley, Hancock, Carpentier-Edwards, Starr-Edwards, and Bjork-Shiley), all of the same nominal size (29 mm), has been assessed in a hydromechanical simulation of the left heart at three pulse rates. The mean and maximum transvalvular pressure differences, the observed and/or calculated area, and the energy loss for each valve were compared. It was found that each measure of performance rates the valves in the same order or merit, with the Ionescu-Shiley valve performing the best and the Hancock the worst among the valves tested. PMID- 7366237 TI - Myocardial protection with hypothermia and potassium cardioplegia during operation for ascending aortic aneurysms. AB - The operative management of aneurysms of the ascending aorta continues to present a technical challenge to the surgeon, and the results obtained provide a useful clinical assessment of the means of myocardial protection. We present a series of 35 consecutive patients who underwent operations for aneurysms of the ascending aorta during which myocardial protection was achieved with hypothermia and potassium cardioplegia. Twenty-three patients underwent aortic valve replacement and resection and grafting of a chronic ascending aortic aneurysm. Aortic valve replacement and aneurysmorrhaphy of a chronic ascending aneurysm were performed in five patients. Four patients underwent resection and grafting of a chronic ascending aortic aneurysm and three patients resection and grafting of acute aortic aneurysms. Aortic cross-clamp times varied from 48 minutes to 2 hours, 32 minutes, with a mean cross-clamp time of 1 hour, 29 minutes. There was one death in the hospital in this series of 35 patients for a mortality rate of 2.8%. Of the 34 survivors, there has been one late death from recurrent sternal wound infection. This clinical series documents the efficacy and safety of hypothermic potassium cardioplegia for protection of the myocardium during extended periods of ischemia attending operative correction of ascending aortic aneurysms. PMID- 7366236 TI - Wear in Bjork-Shiley heart valve prostheses recovered at necropsy or operation. AB - Thirteen Bjork-Shiley prostheses, in situ for up to 27 months, were examined for wear. The discs showed "burnish marks" which did not erode the surface or "wear marks" which did. The metal cages were worn on the "arms" of the inlet strut or at the "hook" of the outlet strut, with metal wear presenting as scored areas or as beveling. This wear is minor and comparable to that seen following accelerated cycle testing in vitro. It is unlikely to seriously affect prosthesis function in the normal lifetime of an individual, but metal wear might cause disc flutter and change auscultatory findings associated with a prosthesis. PMID- 7366239 TI - Inhibition of the hypotensive effect of plasma protein solutions by C1 esterase inhibitor. AB - The hypotensive effect of stable plasma protein solution (SPPS) is a well-known phenomenon, causing serious problems in surgical patients and patients supported by cardiopulmonary bypass. Kinins are believed to be responsible. A study was made to prevent this hypotension by adding C1 esterase inhibitor to the SPPS and comparing this with 5% human albumin. The results shows a significant difference between the effects of SPPS and SPPS plus C1 esterase inhibitor infusion on bypass. Five percent human albumin did not cause hypotension. Possible sequelae are discussed. PMID- 7366240 TI - Preservation of normal gas exchange with hemodilution in patients with pulmonary hypertension. AB - The relationship between the plasma colloid osmotic pressure/pulmonary capillary wedge pressure difference (PCOP-PCWP) and the development of gas exchange abnormalities was examined prior to, during, and after cardiac operations in 13 patients with pulmonary hypertension owing to mitral and/or aortic valvular disease. Alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient [P(A-a)DO2] and pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) were used as indices of gas exchange impairment owing to accumulated lung water. During the baseline period, PCOP-PCWP was -8.5 +/- 2.6 mm Hg; P(A-a)DO2, 352.5 +/- 30.1 mm Hg; and Qs/Qt, 17.0% +/- 1.5%. There were no significant correlations between PCOP-PCWP and P(A-a)DO2 or Qs/Qt at any time during the study. Thus PCOP-PCWP does not predict susceptibility to lung water accumulation reliably in patients with pulmonary hypertension, and other protective factors may contribute to unimpaired gas exchange, even in the setting of profound hemodilution and low PCOP. PMID- 7366241 TI - The effects of elevated red blood cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration on myocardial oxygenation and metabolism during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7366238 TI - Limb ischemia during intra-aortic balloon pumping: indication for femorofemoral crossover graft. AB - Catheter insertion for intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) was successful in 91% of 332 candidates. Fifty-three patients (16.5%) had significant catheter associated vascular complications, of which lower extremity ischemia with threatened limb loss was the most prevalent (70%). Thirty-six of these patients required an angioplastic repair or vascular grafting. Of the 36, 19 patients with ischemia who needed continued balloon support received femorofemoral (F-F) grafts to restore and maintain adequate limb perfusion. Wound infection occurred in six of the patients but there was no limb loss. F-F grafting is a simple procedure that requires little time and allows one to maintain IABP for prolonged periods without concern for critical obstruction to limb perfusion. PMID- 7366242 TI - Left ventricular function after preserving the heart for 2 hours at 15 degrees C. AB - Hearts preserved for 2 hours at 15 degrees C were evaluated for maximum function with the use of an isolated working dog heart subjected to stress. We determined left ventricular function by controlling aortic flow resistance and flow into the left atrium. Groups studied were hypothermia alone (H), hypothermia with a modified extracellular solution (H + DKS), hypothermia with a modified Collins solution (H + C), six periods of 20 minutes of hypoxic hypothermia followed by 10 minutes of blood reperfusion (H20 + R10) and blood cardiplegia (BC). Hypothermia alone for 1 hour was also evaluated. Functions were studied for 2 1/2 hours following reperfusion by determining Starling's curves for each heart. Our data show that H alone gave adequate myocardial protection for only 1 hour but not for 2 hours. H20 + R10 was better than H, but function was depressed. Use of H + C provided protection equal to H20 + R10, but the hearts recovered function slowly. Only hearts preserved by H + DKS and BC for 2 hours had normal function. Hearts from all groups except H + DKS and BC became edematous. Excellent function was obtained with DKS or BC following 2 hours of ischemia at 15 degrees C. Initial clinical use of BC supported these laboratory findings. PMID- 7366243 TI - Tetralogy of Fallot with type C complete atrioventricular canal: surgical repair in three cases. AB - The successful repair of three consecutive cases of tetralogy of Fallot associated with complete atrioventricular canal type C is reported. The correct preoperative diagnosis was established by right and left ventriculography. Operative repair in the first two patients involved division of both hemivalves above the crest of the ventricular septal defect and closure of the septal defects with a single large Dacron patch. In the third patient, the septal defects were closed with two separate patches. The undivided hemivalves were attached to the patches by interrupted sutures placed more to the right side of the midline, so that tricuspid tissue was used to reconstitute the mitral valve. Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction was relieved by infundibulectomy, pulmonary valvulotomy, and placement of a Darcon patch on the infundibulum in Cases 1 and 3. A valved tube was used in Case 2. Six months postoperatively, the condition of the patient is satisfactory. The first patient is receiving digitalis; the second, digitalis and diuretics; and the third patient is well without treatment. PMID- 7366244 TI - Repeated mitral valve replacement in the growing child with congenital mitral valve disease. AB - The successful second-replacement of mitral valve prostheses in two children, age 5 and 9 years, is reported. In one, a parachute mitral valve deformity was first corrected at the age of 10 months by the small-size 00 Starr-Edwards prosthesis. The second child had mitral valve disease caused by Marfan's syndrome 1; the valve was initially replaced at the age of 3 years by a size 0 Starr-Edwards prosthesis. For both patients, in the period between the two interventions, the left ventricle had grown in size and the mitral anulus was not a limiting factor in the insertion of a larger prosthesis of the Bjork-Shiley type. Follow-up periods of 1 and 6 years, respectively, confirm excellent clinical results. Problems concerning valve replacements in pediatric patients are discussed. PMID- 7366245 TI - Hypoplasia of the systemic ventricle in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries: preoperative documentation and possible implications of operation. AB - This article describes the determination of small systemic ventricular volume by quantitative cineangiocardiography in two patients with congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries, Ebstein's malformation of the systemic atrioventricular valve, and ventricular septal defect. A subjectively small systemic ventricle and an Ebstein-like abnormality of the systemic atrioventricular valve have been described previously in association with congenitally corrected transposition, but in vivo quantification of ventricular size and pump function has not been reported. An initial palliative rather than a totally corrective procedure is probably desirable in patients with this combination of findings. Ventricular volume calculations may prove useful as an aid in selection of operation in this setting. PMID- 7366246 TI - Thermodilution cardiac output measurements. PMID- 7366247 TI - Thoracic duct lymph flow changes secondary to alterations in serum calcium levels: a proposed mechanism of action. PMID- 7366248 TI - Relationship between the measured and calculated colloid osmotic pressure of plasma and lung lymph in the sheep. AB - The colloid osmotic pressure of plasma, pi p, and lung lymph pi i, in the adult sheep was measured with a membrane osmometer and calculated from the protein content using the Landis and Pappenheimer equation. Measured (M) plasma oncotic pressure was 6 mm Hg lower than calculated (C), for normal sheep plasma. The difference between (M) and (C) decreased as protein content decreased. The (M) lymph value, considered to be equal to interstitial fluid, was only 1 mm Hg lower than (C) for normal lymph. This resulted in a difference between the calculated and measured oncotic gradient (pi p-pi i) of nearly 5 mm Hg. This difference decreased as protein content decreased in plasma and lymph. The difference between measured and calculated values may in part be explained by the differences in A/G ratio between human and sheep plasma and between sheep plasma and lymph. Measured oncotic pressure in plasma and lymph after severe hemorrhagic and endotoxic shock did not differ significantly from that in the normal animal. PMID- 7366249 TI - Lymphatic clearance of radioactive sulfur colloid. AB - Lymphatic clearance of radioactive sulfur colloid is measured in the hind limb of five mongrel dogs. A solid state Si(Li) detector is placed onto the skin to continuously record activity over the site of subcutaneous injection. Decrease in activity follows an exponential decay which is modeled as a dual decay occurring from both the radioactive decay of the tracer and the lymph clearance of the tagged sulfur colloid. The calculated decay constants for lymph clearance flow per tissue volume result in a mean value of 0.233 +/- 0.077 ml/hr/ml which is consistent with results of other investigators. Adjacent lymph nodes are monitored with a scintillation detector to show that the colloid is absorbed by the lymph vessels. The carotid artery and liver are similarly monitored to show that there is little or no capillary absorption of the tagged colloid. PMID- 7366250 TI - The effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the plasma-lymph barrier of the hind limb of rabbits and its antagonization by aescin and indomethacin. PMID- 7366251 TI - Central lymph propulsion. AB - Dissections reveal that each lymphatic organ characteristic of species is supplied with lymph hearts, smooth muscles, or striated muscles whose contractions (along with tranmitted arterial pulsations and changing gravitational forces) coordinately propel lymph centrally during breathing, swallowing, food absorption and joint flexion. In aquatic vertebrates and amphibians lymph hearts, closely related to the gills, propel central lymph into the jugular veins. In aerial vertebrates with well-developed lungs, the striated muscles which enable ventilation, propel central lymph into large veins coursing through the thoracic inlet at rates commensurate with oxygen consumption under normal conditions. PMID- 7366252 TI - Correlations between membrane viscosity, serum cholesterol, lymphocyte activation and aging in man. AB - Membrane microviscosity, serum cholesterol and lymphocyte stimulation in man were examined in relation to aging. A direct correlation was found between the mole ratio of cholesterol to phospholipids in the serum and the membrane microviscosity of the peripheral blood lymphocyte membranes, both of which increase progressively with age. The increase in membrane microviscosity with age is also concomitant with the decrease in response of the lymphocytes to concanavalin A stimulation. The data suggest that increase in lymphocyte membrane microviscosity is a prominent factor which may lead to the overt reduction of proliferative responses of lymphocytes with aging. PMID- 7366253 TI - A quantitative morphometric study of synapses of rat cerebellar glomeruli during aging. PMID- 7366254 TI - Ageing of human glial cells in culture: increase in the fraction of non-dividers as demonstrated by a minicloning technique. AB - A minicloning technique was used to analyse quantitatively the fraction of cells incapable of division in mass populations of human glial cells at various passage levels. The percentage of non-dividers rose from 18 to 73% between passages 11 and 40 at which further subcultivation of the mass culture became impossible. The non-dividers were predominantly arrested in G1; only a minor fraction of G2 arrested cells was established. Although not conclusive, the data suggest that commitment to irreversible loss of division potential increases as a function of the number of completed cell cycles which a glial cell has completed. PMID- 7366255 TI - Accumulation of lipofuscin pigment in human hepatic cells from different races and in different environmental conditions. AB - The changing pattern with age of lipofuscin pigment deposition in the hepatic cells of native and Hawaii Japanese and caucasians in the U.S.A. was micrometrically examined. The amount of pigment was generally largest in the Hawaii Japanese, and smallest in the native Japanese; the age-related increase of the pigment was most marked in the latter. The accumulation of pigment in human hepatic cells is considered to be an age-related change in the hepatic cells, but not necessarily of the individual, and seems to be influenced by a relationship between nutritional conditions and constitution of the individual. Though a possible relationship between age and lipofuscin deposition may be noticed, the accumulation of pigment in the hepatic cells is not necessarily an inherent part of the aging process of the individual. PMID- 7366256 TI - Medical care use by Mexican-Americans: evidence from the human population laboratory studies. AB - Data are presented from sample surveys conducted in 1974 (N = 3,119) and 1975 (N = 657) in Alameda County, California, by the Human Population Laboratory. Mexican Americans are compared to Anglos and blacks in terms of physician visits, dental examinations, general physical examinations, and eye examinations. Comparison of crude percentages indicates that there is very little ethnic variation in either sample regarding regular source of medical care or health insurance coverage, although the trend is for fewer Chicanos to have such coverage. In terms of physician visits, there is little difference between Anglos and Chicanos. By contrast, fewer Chicanos and blacks report dental examinations in the past year (Chicanos have the lowest rate). Fewer Chicanos report a general medical examination in the past year and more report never having had a medical checkup. Likewise, more Chicanos report never having an eye examination while relatively fewer report such an exam in the past year. Controlling for the effects of age, sex, education, family income, health insurance, regular source of care, physical health status and perceived health reduces differences in rate of physician visits among the ethnic groups, primarily by reducing the rate for blacks and increasing the rate for Chicanos. Likewise, adjustment for all 8 factors reduces ethnic differences in general medical examination rates, in this case by increasing the rates for the minority groups. Adjustment reduces the ethnic differences in dental examination rates by increasing the minority group rates, but large differences still remain. For eye examinations, adjustment has little effect on the rates for Anglos and blacks, but substantially increases the rate for Chicanos. For all 4 types of medical care behavior, controlling for the effects of education and family income (so-called inequitable reasons for lower access to care) consistently produces the greatest effect, particularly for Chicanos. In each case, the effect is to create greater parity between Chicanos and Anglos by increasing the utilization rate for Chicanos. However, even after adjustment, the rate for Chicanos remains lower. PMID- 7366257 TI - Self-assessed health, impairment and disability in anglo, black and cuban elderly. AB - Self-assessed health and physician-rated impairment were compared for 174 Anglo, black, and Cuban elderly medical outpatients. Level of disability was also recorded by the interviewer. A minimal correlation was found between patient and physician-rated health. Self-assessed health and level of functioning were associated significantly in each of the 3 cultures. The way patients perceived their health and functioned differed by culture, but impairment ratings of the physician did not discriminate among cultures. It seems likely that nonmedical factors may explain cultural differences in perception of health as well as how these perceptions influence ability to perform everyday activities of living. The patients' estimates of health appear to be an important factor in their overall health status, which physicians could use to augment their assessments of impairment. Since self-assessed health relates to level of functioning and to the way the elderly react to an illness, it can be seen as a useful component in evaluating health and predicting patient behavior. PMID- 7366258 TI - Care-seeking patterns of families using a municipal hospital emergency room. AB - Families bringing children to the pediatric walk-in clinic at Boston City Hospital were interviewed randomly over a 15-week period. Families were classified as having a stable or unstable relationship with either a hospital or a neighborhood health center (NHC) from their answers to a structured questionnaire. Little change was found in the proportion of unstable users of health facilities from a similar study conducted in 1964, suggesting that the introduction of the NHCs and Medicaid, which increased the availability and accessibility of health services for the urban poor, has no effect on patterns of multiple utilization of health providers. The major variables affecting a family's utilization pattern are hypothesized to be the level of satisfaction toward the primary care facility, as expressed by the family, and the perceived ability of different health care facilities to deal with a particular health situation. PMID- 7366259 TI - The mobile coronary care unit and the decision to seek medical care during acute episodes of coronary artery disease. AB - The mobile coronary care unit (MCCU) as a means of reducing coronary artery disease (CAD) morbidity and mortality cannot be realized unless patients, lay others, and medical personnel use it. The initial medical care decision of 1,102 patients who experienced acute cardiac symptomatology was studied to determine factors contributing to expedient care-seeking and the decision to use emergency medical services (EMS), direct emergency room services, or physician consultation. An expedient decision to utilize the EMS, the only means of obtaining the MCCU, occurred when symptoms began suddenly and were incapacitating, lay others advised the EMS, and patients relinquished and lay others usurped control of care-seeking process. To increase MCCU utilization and effectiveness, it is suggested that public education about CAD be refined and the teaching of cardiopulmonary resuscitation expanded, physicians be encouraged to educate patients realistically as to CAD prognosis, and a cardiac crisis center be instituted that incorporates a registery for patients at high risk of myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death. PMID- 7366260 TI - The health interview survey and minority health. AB - This article emphasizes the advantages and disadvantages of the National Center for Health Statistics Health Interview Surveys (HIS) when applied to the needs of ethnic minorities at the local level. While HIS gives information on health status of minorities and their use of services at the national level, this information is of limited help to providers in local communities. In any national survey, the numbers of minority persons sampled will be very small and heterogeneous populations sharing a common language (for example, Spanish) may be aggregated though their characteristics may differ widely. Certain groups may be missed or their numbers greatly underestimated if they do not live in settled households, which form the unit of HIS. Pertinent examples are migrant farm workers and young adult black urban males. Other possible problems arise in the use of proxy respondents, in the HIS definition of acute illness, and in the rather infrequent use of linkage studies. While there are a number of important ways by which HIS surveys may be made more effective, special national surveys of specific minority groups and in-depth local surveys are needed to fill gaps in meeting minority needs. PMID- 7366262 TI - Patient package inserts: goals, success measures and research needs. AB - The distribution of written, patient-oriented information with most prescription drugs is a likely reality of the 1980s. This article briefly reviews the events leading up to today's patient package insert (PPI) momentum. More importantly, the article summarizes and clarifies the diversity of PPI goals, the difficulties of formulating and obtaining success measures on those goals, and, to a lesser extent, the differing priorities placed on the criteria by the mixture of PPI affected publics. The framework presented here highlights the most pressing needs for PPI research. PMID- 7366261 TI - Household health interviews and minority health: the NCHS perspective. AB - Efforts to identify information needs in the area of minority health have been paralleled by efforts within the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) both to improve the quantity and quality of minority health statistics and to increase the accessibility of these statistics to data users. This paper describes the context in which these objectives are pursued within NCHS. The paper also discusses problem areas which may confound the development and usefulness of minority health statistics derived from general-purpose, household interview surveys designed to produce descriptive estimates of morbidity and health services utilization at the national level. Developments within NCHS related to some of these problem areas are highlighted. PMID- 7366263 TI - [Septic abortion. Complications and therapeutic considerations (author's transl)]. AB - A study is presented on the incidence and complications of septic abortion in a group of patients admited on the 1st. Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic of the University of Barcelona during a period of 5 years (1971-1975). Abortion is the cause of admision of 20,2% of patients in the gynecology ward and represents the 12,3% of the overall number of patients during the same period. In 7,8% of the patients admited because of abortion we found the criteria for establishing the diagnosis of septic complication and in 15,2% of those extrapelvic involvement is found, mainly endotoxic shock, acute renal failure and difuse peritonitis. Endocervical cultures were positive in 73% of cases and in 65,7% gram negative germs were isolated, being the most common E. coli. The different clinical patterns are discussed in cases in which anaerobics are implicated and the diagnostic and therapeutic aproaches in the different complications are reviewed particularly in concern to the indications of surgery when this may be the only lifesaving procedure. PMID- 7366264 TI - [Renal biopsy in the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in infancy. A study of three cases (author's transl)]. AB - The hemolytic-uremic syndrome, although clearly described from the clinical and morphological points of view, has uncertain etilogy and pathogenesis for which various hypotheses have been advanced. In the immunohistochemical study of three recent infantile cases, whose clinical description and analysis follow those described in the literature, we found fibrinogen deposits, C3 and immunoglobulins in the walls and glomerular capillary vessels in two from which biopsies were taken early; while in the third case, in which the biopsy was taken a month after the process had begun, only fibrinogen was found. These findings suggest a pathogenesis of lesions involving an immunocomplex reaction with ulterior development of secondary intravascular coagulation. On the other hand, the presence or absence of C3 and immunoglobulins could be related to the timing of the biopsy, disappearing in the more developed cases. In the ultrastructural study performed in one of the case, besides other lesions habitually referred to, the presence of virus-like particles in the glomerular capillary endothelium was observed. Although having been seen in multiple locations and circumstances, this has not previously been described in the hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and it probably represents the morphological expression of degenerative glomerular processes. PMID- 7366266 TI - [Estimation of the progression of chronic renal insufficiency by means of the inverse ratio of serum creatinine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366265 TI - [Study of the titers of Coxiella burnetii antibodies in a healthy population (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366267 TI - [Acute intermittent porphyria versus porphyria variegata: a diagnostic uncertainty (author's transl)]. AB - The authors study a case of acute porphyria in a young woman who was taking oral contraceptives and who began having abdominal pain and bilateral radial paralysis with neuropsychic disorders. The quantitative and chromatographic analyses of urine, feces, and liver porphyrins revealed a pattern of excretion compatible but not definite of porphyria variegata, making this an example of porphyria of difficult noslogic placement. The problems of classification, the action of the contraceptive drugs as probable triggering agents (of the clinical picture) by means of their action on the ALA-synthetase, the rare form of neuropathy, and the rarity of these types of porphyrias in our country are analyzed and discussed. The patient did not present the endocrine-metabolic disorders that are commonly evidenced in these cases. PMID- 7366268 TI - [Inferior vena cava syndrome as first manifestation of a non-functioning adrenal carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - A case is studied of a non-functioning right adrenal carcinoma which is initiated clinically by a compressive syndrome of the inferior vena cava, without other clinical manifestations to suggest the origin of the tumor. The clinical findings are discussed as well as the roentgenographic images, the computerized axial tomography and surgery, which was followed by the death of the patient, with considerations concerning the possible mechanisms that might explain the death. A bibliographic review is conducted on the most outstanding aspect of non functioning adrenal tumors and the rarity with which they present themselves in this form, of which we have found only one previous report. PMID- 7366269 TI - [Hydatidosis: new concepts in an old disease (First part) (author's transl)]. AB - In the first part of this review several aspects of the classical echinococcosis due to E. granulosus are commented on (geographical distribution, morphological, epidemiological, taxonomic and pathogenetic characteristics). The real incidence of this disease in Spain is unknown due to the absence of global epidemiological data, especially by the lack of sero-epidemiological surveys. Epidemiological measures necessary to establish a control program for this zoonosis are recommended. In relation to the pathogenesis of the parasitosis, the authors mention some clinicopathologic characteristics which are conditioned to the anatomy and function of the organs where hydatids are located. PMID- 7366270 TI - [Congenital hepatorenal polycystic disease with unusual long survival (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of hepatorenal polycystic disease discovered in the course of a routine physical examination. The patient was asymptomatic and the progression of the disease was extremely low. The existence of the disorder, however, was confirmed in the autopsy. Although hepatorenal polycystic disease is a relatively common clinical finding, the rareness of this condition in patients of advanced age and its occasionally asymptomatic form are pointed out. Clinical and prognostic characteristics of the two types of the disease (infantile and adult) are mentioned too. Physical examination and pyelography are the most import exploratory methods; other procedures such as echography, scanning and peritoneoscopy are complementary techniques. Lastly, the need to establish an early diagnosis in order to avoid unappropiated surgical maneuvers is stressed. PMID- 7366271 TI - [Hypercalcemia as first manifestation of thyrotoxicosis (author's transl)]. AB - A 53-year-old woman presented a clinical picture of hypercalcemia as the first and most prominent manifestation of hyperthyroidism. The possibility of a coexistent hyperparathyroidism was excluded, as well as any other potential cause of hypercalcemia. The hypercalcemia and its clinical manifestations disappeared a month after the antithyroid therapy was started. After 2 years, the calcemia and renal and thyroid functions continue normal. The association of hyperthyroidism and hypercalcemia is well known, but only rarely is hypercalcemia responsible for prominent clinical symptoms. It is very infrequent for the manifestations of hypercalcemia to precede those of hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7366272 TI - [Non-surgical forms of cerebellar hematoma (author's transl)]. AB - Spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage is a significant clinical entity because of its important incidence (more than 10 percent of intracranial hemorrhages) and its therapeutic possibilities. The diagnosis of this condition is difficult, but at the presnet time the Emi-scanner easily confirms the diagnosis. The surgical treatment was up until recently the only possible therapeutic approach, and it has been indiscriminately applied to all patients because of the high mortiality rate of this condition (80 percent). Two hypertensive patients who presented spontaneous cerebellar hematomas, verified by the scanner, were not submitted to surgery and both recovered spontaneously without sequelae. The existence of non surgical forms of spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage is discussed. Special attention is placed upon the variations in the level of consciousness and the presence or absence of acute hydrocephalus in the scanner in order to indicate the convenience of a surgical procedure. PMID- 7366273 TI - [Recurrent Paget-Von Schrotter syndrome. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7366274 TI - [Calcification of the testicular covers]. PMID- 7366275 TI - [Fast normalization of a myocardial anteroseptal postinfarction electrocardiogram in a young patient with coronary arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7366276 TI - [Legionnaire's disease in Cataluna]. PMID- 7366277 TI - [Myocardial disease in acute idiopathic pericarditis (author's transl)]. AB - Acute idopathic pericarditis can be accompanied by myocarditis, and in all types of acute pericarditis there are electrocardiographic signs of myocardial lesions. In order to determine the severity of the myocardial disease in acute idiopathic pericarditis, a prospective study has been carried out in a group of 25 patients with this diagnosis. The clinical evaluation included phonomecardiographic measurements of the systolic intervals, Weissler index in 24 cases, and echocardiographic study of the left ventricle in eight cases. Besides that, the serum levels of the myocardial enzymes (GOT, GPT, CPK, and LDH and its isoenzymes) were determined in all cases. The results showed a gallop rhythm in 8 percent of the cases, supraventricular arrhythmias in 4 percent, dysfunction of the left ventricle by systolic intervals and/or echocardiography in 32 percent, and increase of the myocardial enzymes in 24 percent, which represents a global incidence of myocardial disease of 44 percent. However, only three patients presented clinical manifestations of myocardial disease, although the congestive cardiac failure was always secondary to cardiac tamponade and not to myocardial failure. The increase of myocardial enzymes can determine important problems of differential diagnosis with an acute myocardial infarction. The clinical course was favourable in all of the cases, including the ones which showed myocardial disease. PMID- 7366278 TI - [Acute renal failure of obstructive cause (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366279 TI - [Tuberculous pleural effusion and pleural effusion secondary to non-specific bacterial infection: biochemical differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors study 14 different analytical parameters in the pleural fluid in order to recognize differential biological criteria, helping to establish an etiologic diagnosis in patients with suggestive clinical symptoms and biological data of an infectious process. In a group of 38 patients with bacterial exudative pleural effusion (22 of tuberculous origin and 16 secondary to non-specific bacterial infection), the following parameters were analyzed: total proteins, acid glucoprotein, X1, antytripsin, CDH, acid phosphatase, amylase, cholinest, copper, iron, pCO2, pO2 pH, glucose, and cholesterol. The results of amylase, copper, pCO2, pO2 and pH determinations in the pleural fluid show statistical significant differences between the tuberculous cases and the patients with non specific infections. Lastly, the authors mention the minimal biological criteria necessary to confirm the tuberculous or non-specific bacterial etiology of a pleural fluid, stressing the value of the levels of cholinesterase, copper, pO2 and pH as differential data. PMID- 7366280 TI - [Correlative urinary excretion of sodium-uric acid in hyperuricemia (author's transl)]. AB - Since uricosuria is an essential compensative factor in hyperuricemia, multiple factors exist which can influence on the uric acid excretion in the tubules. Normally, 90% of the uric acid filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed, and its active tubular secretion forms the greater part of the uric acid present in the urine. One of the factors observed as leading to urinary excretion of uric acid, is saline overload, although this effect cannot always be achieved. This study is an attempt to assess the importance of hyperuricemia as a determinant of the action of sodium upon the urinary excretion of uric acid. The series were grouped according to the plasma and urinary values of uric acid. In cases studied, the percentage of sodium was similar independent of the excretion percentages obtained for uric acid. Nevertheless, in the groups with increased plasma levels of uric acid, a direct and significant correlation was found between the excretion percentage of sodium and that of uric acid. These data cannot be obtained in groups with normal plasma levels of uric acid. Since saline overload does not always lead to hyperuricosuria, other factors must condition the secondary effect. The obtained results suggest that hyperuricemia can be one of those factors, offering a great amount of uric acid to the renal tubule, a condition in which the sodium may act as a dragging factor which may not be possible with a lesser degree of uric acid. PMID- 7366281 TI - [Fibromuscular dysplasia of the cervicocephalic arteries. Report of two cases and review of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - Two typical cases of fibromuscular dysplasia of the cervicocephalic arteries in two women of 61 and 48 years of age are reported. The angiograms revealed bilateral affectation of the internal carotid artery and of the right vertebral artery in one case, and of both vertebral and renal arteries in the other. The patients presented neurological symptoms corresponding to ischemia of the vertebro-basilar territory. The first case was treated with anti-platelet aggregates with positive results. An extensive review of 70 similar published cases is presented. Several characteristics are studied such as: age, sex, localization, symptoms, clinical course and treatment. The quantitative evaluation of these factors agrees with those of other reviews carried out by some other authors. Fibromuscular dysplasia is an arteriopathy of unknown etiology which has a predominant incidence among middle age females (83 percent approximately). The disease usually involves the renal arteries and the cervical segment (adjacent to C1-C2 interspace) of the carotid arteries. There was an association with single or multiple intracranial aneurisms in 22.86 percent of the cases. Vertebral arteries were affected in 28.57 percent of the cases, although vertebral angiograms were not performed in 35.7 percent of them. Transient episodes of cerebral ischemia is the most frequent clinical manifestation (42.85 percent of the cases.). PMID- 7366282 TI - [Diagnosis of viral hepatitis type A by radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. AB - In the present work radioimmunoassay technique detecting antibodies have been used to diagnose viral hepatitis type A. Twenty-nine patients with sporadic acute hepatitis were studied. All of the cases were negative to surface antigen of viral hepatitis type B. Blood samples were obtained at the onset of clinical picture and on subsequent weeks. Antibody levels (anti-hepatitis virus A) showed a significant increase between the second and the sixth week in 21 cases (72.4 percent). An increased antibody titer in a single determination, however, is not sufficient for the diagnosis of hepatitis virus A, since antibodies against such virus are present in a large percentage of the normal population. At least two augmented titers in consecutive samples are necessary to diagnose viral hepatitis type A. PMID- 7366283 TI - [Obstetrical behaviour in diabetes. Perinatal mortality (author's transl)]. AB - Ever today diabetes and pregnancy constitute a high risk situation of the mother as well for the fetus, since still high maternal-fetal mortality rates are observed. A series of 134 diabetic women (99 type A, 15 type B, and 20 type C) were evaluated during pregnancy and delivery, and the results obtained during two different periods of time (1972-1975 and 1976-1978) are analyzed. From the results obtained the reduction of the indexes of perinatal mortality (before and after birth) stands out. These facts could probably be related to a change in the protocol applied during the last years and consisting in the administration of a carbohydrate supplement at night in order to avoid nocturnal hypoglycemias, admission of patients after the 32nd-34th week of pregnancy, complete rest in bed, control of the maturity of the fetus, etc. Likewise, there was a lack of significant rise in the presence of macrosomias, premature births, or urinary infection in the mother. As it was to be expected, the incidence of hydramnios as well as toxemia was higher than normal. The evaluation of the newborns through the Apgar score proved that 20 percent of the neonates in the type C diabetes were still partially or seriously depressed after 5 minutes of birth. A protocol of assistance in this special situation affords an evident reduction in perinatal mortality. PMID- 7366284 TI - [Clinical and bacteriological aspects of purulent pericarditis (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical and bacteriological characteristics of eight cases with purulent pericarditis observed over the last five years are studied. The route of the infection and dissemination in the majority of the cases (75 percent) was through pleuropulmonary lesions in the form of pneumonia and/or empyema, attributing the remaining cases to a subhepatic abscess and a pericardial infection after a thoracic surgical operation. In seven patients the diagnosis of the disease was established while they were alive. The more orientative clinical data were the pericardial pain (50 percent), pericardial friction murmur (25 percent), and signs of cardiac tamponade (62.5 percent). The observation of the above mentioned clinical signs together with the presence of cardiomegaly and electrocardiographic alterations suggestive of pericarditis, obliged the practice of a pericardial puncture, which confirmed the diagnosis of a purulent pericarditis by the macro and microscopic characteristics of the fluid. Staphylococcus and pneumoncoccus were isolated in two cases, respectively; other Gram-negative bacillus (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were isolated in the remaining cases. All patients were treated with the appropriate antibiotic according to the isolated germ; surgical drainage was carried out in six cases, and a pericardiectomy in one. Two patients died, one as a consequence of a septic myocardiopathy and the other in which the diagnosis of purulent pericarditis was not clinically suspected. During the follow-up period one case presented a constrictive pericarditis, which was corrected by a pericardiectomy. PMID- 7366285 TI - [The association of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis and hiatal hernia: a simple coincidence? (author's transl)]. AB - Gastroesophageal diseases with reflux can cause numerous pulmonary complications (bronchospasm crisis, bronchitis, pneumonias, lung abscesses). These manifestations are very frequent in the hiatal hernias and in some series have reached up to 46 percent of the cases studied. Recently it has been suggested that microaspirations, repeated over a long period of time, may cause an alteration of the pulmonary interstitium and the consecutive development of a clinical and roentgenologic picture similar to pulmonary fibrosis. The aspirations are produced more frequently at night, favoured by the lying down position and because of it the patients present attacks of nocturnal cough. In this paper, two patients who presented the association of pulmonary fibrosis and hiatal hernia with esophageal relux are described. The first case was diagnosed early; he had minimal radiographic anomalies and the disappearance of the respiratory symptomatology was achieved by means of the medical treatment of the esophageal reflux. The second case was in a very advanced stage with severe respiratory insufficiency and gastrointestinal manifestations of many years' evolution. Both patients had been diagnosed as having idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Although there is no experimental proof of the "reflux-fibrosis" theory, we think that this possibility should be kept in mind before diagnosing the interstitial pulmonary pattern as idiopathic, especially in the cases of only slight radiographic and functional involvement susceptible to improvement with correction of the esophageal reflux. PMID- 7366286 TI - [Hyperlipidemia and atheroscolerosis in patients with chronic renal failure in hemodialysis]. PMID- 7366287 TI - [Good time for physical training]. PMID- 7366288 TI - [Multicenter studies in the USA and Canada: thrombocyte function inhibitor in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 7366289 TI - [Committee of the National Board of Health and Social Welfare on deformity problems--a retrospective study]. PMID- 7366290 TI - [Placenta and intrauterine growth]. PMID- 7366291 TI - [Uterine-placental blood flow. Method of measurement and clinical use]. PMID- 7366292 TI - [Placenta anatomy and macropathology]. PMID- 7366293 TI - [Pregnancy and diabetes]. PMID- 7366294 TI - [Placentitis]. PMID- 7366295 TI - [Placenta examination, micromethods]. PMID- 7366296 TI - [Fetal deprivation of supply--relation to cerebral palsy]. PMID- 7366297 TI - [New types of pneumonia]. PMID- 7366298 TI - [Symposia: abuse of hypnotic and sedative drugs. Medically not motivated use of drugs]. PMID- 7366299 TI - [The consumption of psychopharmaceuticals during the 1970-ies]. PMID- 7366300 TI - [Chronic injuries to the central nervous system from sedative and hypnotic drugs]. PMID- 7366302 TI - [Abuse of hypnotic and sedative drugs. Treatment aspects]. PMID- 7366301 TI - [The general practitioner confronted with the drug demanding patient]. PMID- 7366304 TI - [Personality circumstances in patients with sedative-hypnotic drug dependence]. PMID- 7366303 TI - [Diagnosis of drug dependence in open health care]. PMID- 7366305 TI - [What does the National Society for Help to Drug Addicts do for the hypnotic and sedative addicts?]. PMID- 7366306 TI - [Transcultural psychiatry: increase the language and cultural compentence of the health care personnel. Do consider the demand of the minority in the planning]. PMID- 7366307 TI - [Subjective symptoms among occupational groups exposed to organic solvents]. PMID- 7366308 TI - [Questionnaires of neuropsychiatric symptoms for health screening among solvent exposed workers]. PMID- 7366309 TI - [A 5 year follow-up of subjective symptoms among house painters]. PMID- 7366310 TI - [The mamma method--health information program for diagnosing breast cancer]. PMID- 7366311 TI - [Treatment of deep refrigeration--"accidental hypothermia"]. PMID- 7366312 TI - [Current aspects of new and old zoonoses]. PMID- 7366313 TI - [Damage of mucous membrane caused by dishwater detergents]. PMID- 7366314 TI - [Guidance in psychosocial work with district health service and social service]. PMID- 7366315 TI - [Ano-rectal manometry in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease]. PMID- 7366317 TI - [Assessment of causality in occupational medicine--a plausibility argumentation]. PMID- 7366318 TI - [Late mental symptoms after trauma. 66 insurance cases appealed]. PMID- 7366316 TI - [Haemophilus cellulitis and sepsis in infants--infection presumably spread via siblings]. PMID- 7366319 TI - Fluid-potentiometer and acetylcholine bioassay with clam entire heart. PMID- 7366320 TI - Effect of reverse incubation sequence on sensitivity of some solid-phase, sandwich radioimmunoassays for hepatitis. PMID- 7366321 TI - Regional distribution of [3H]kainic acid after intraventricular injection. PMID- 7366322 TI - Monoamine oxidase -A and -B activity in the rat brain after hemitransection. PMID- 7366323 TI - A novel response to propranolol: contractile response in the isolated rabbit ear artery. PMID- 7366324 TI - Utilization of 3H-dopamine as a photoaffinity label of brain synaptosomes. PMID- 7366326 TI - A radioenzymatic assay for normetanephrine in brain tissue. PMID- 7366325 TI - Interaction of phencyclidine and its new adamantyl derivatives with muscarinic receptors. PMID- 7366328 TI - Cholinergic receptor loss in brains of aging mice. PMID- 7366327 TI - Enkephalins interfere with acquisition of an active avoidance response. PMID- 7366329 TI - Muscarinic kindling: transsynaptic generation of a chronic seizure focus. PMID- 7366330 TI - Inhibition of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyl transferase by 2 tetradecylglycidic acid (McN-3802) (preliminary communication). PMID- 7366331 TI - Biochemical evidence for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor macromolecules in parathyroid, pancreatic, pituitary, and placental tissues. PMID- 7366332 TI - Quantitative assessment of heterogeneous 3H-spiperone binding to rat neostriatum and frontal cortex. PMID- 7366333 TI - Ethanol selectively potentiates GABA-mediated inhibition of single feline cortical neurons. PMID- 7366334 TI - Polyamine concentrations in red cells and urine of patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7366335 TI - Differential effects of acute and chronic haloperidol treatment on striatal and nigral 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels. PMID- 7366337 TI - Phencyclidine: effect on the accumulation of 3H-dopamine in synaptic vesicles. PMID- 7366336 TI - A radioenzymatic assay for plasma normetanephrine in man and patients with pheochromocytoma. PMID- 7366338 TI - Polyglutamate derivatives of folic acid coenzymes and methotrexate. PMID- 7366339 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase induction and polyamine levels in the kidney of estradiol treated castrated male rats. PMID- 7366340 TI - The stimulatory effect of beta-endorphin on the plasma prolactin levels was diminished in the rats treated with 6-hydroxydopamine. PMID- 7366341 TI - The specific activity of retained and released norepinephrine in dog saphenous vein prelabeled with radiolabeled norepinephrine. PMID- 7366342 TI - Bombesin acts in preoptic area to produce hypothermia in rats. PMID- 7366343 TI - Two photic pathways contribute to pineal evoked responses. PMID- 7366345 TI - Drunken driving: challenging the blood or urine analysis. PMID- 7366344 TI - Lack of stimulation of phasic LH release by catechol estrogens in the rat. PMID- 7366346 TI - Rupture of the jejunum due to faulty infant-feeding techniques. PMID- 7366347 TI - The law relating to pornography: a psychological overview. PMID- 7366349 TI - A study of suicide autopsies 1957--1977. PMID- 7366348 TI - Road traffic accidents and the prevention of injury and death of vehicle occupants. PMID- 7366350 TI - A method of phenotyping erythrocyte acid phosphatase by iso-electric focusing. PMID- 7366352 TI - Spinal cord damage in a case of non-accidental injury in children. PMID- 7366353 TI - The duty of the doctor to respect the confidence of the patient. PMID- 7366354 TI - A guide to contraceptive advice. PMID- 7366351 TI - The activity of lactate dehydrogenase in cadaver sera: a comparison of different sampling sites. PMID- 7366355 TI - Two minutes with diabetes. PMID- 7366356 TI - Quinidine-induced arrhythmias. PMID- 7366357 TI - Echocardiography--how it works. PMID- 7366358 TI - Pre-excitation of the ventricles. PMID- 7366360 TI - A practical guide to help you better treat common skin disorders. PMID- 7366359 TI - Tax tips for doctors. PMID- 7366361 TI - How I treat hand dermatitis. PMID- 7366362 TI - How I treat groin eruptions. PMID- 7366363 TI - How I treat herpes simplex. PMID- 7366364 TI - [Distribution of schistosomiasis in French speaking countries of West Africa (author's transl)]. AB - After reporting an abstract of the surveys prior to 1969, the authors recall their methodology and give the data collected during the surveys carried out since 1969 by the O.C.C.G.E. in 23 districts of 7 west african countries. Urinary schistosomiasis is widespread but the highest endemic levels are observed in the Sahel area. - S. mansoni schistosomiasis, on the contrary, has a more restricted area of diffusion. It is frequent in sudanese and guinean savanna and does not affect the Sahel and the southern coast. PMID- 7366365 TI - [Study of the distribution of schistosomiasis mollusks intermediate hosts in west africa. First results (author's transl)]. AB - During 18 surveys carried out in 29 regions of 6 West african countries (Benin, Ivory Coast, Upper Volta, Mali, Niger and Togo), one species of Biomphalaria (Biomphalaria pfeifferi) and six species of Bulinus (Bulinus truncatus rohlfsi, B. globosus, B. jousseaumei, B. umbilicatus, B. senegalensis and B. forskalii) were collected. First indications of the distribution of these species demonstrated: the presence of 3 principal species (B. pfeifferi, B. globosus and B. truncatus rohlfsi); the absence of B. pfeifferi, above latitude 14 degrees north; the presence of a zone of B. truncatus rohlfsi in the north, a zone of B. globosus in the south and an intermediate zone where these two species are sympatrie; the possible presence of two strains of Schistosoma haematobium, each being transmitted by only one of the two preceding intermediate hosts. The authors point out that the parasitic diseases and their intermediate hosts are extending, as a result of the various hydraulic works and insist that the authorities should be duly made aware of the health problems generated by any development project. PMID- 7366366 TI - [Hepatosplenic disorders in schistosomiasis (author's transl)]. AB - Hepatosplenic disorders start in the invasion stage and are from immuno-allergic origin. Then, they develop during the ovular laying stage; hepatic disorders are due to periovular granulomatosis, and splenic disorders are due to reticulo endothelial system reaction. Their last aspect is the portal fibrosis, called Symmer's "clay pipe", in which HTP is consequent to hepatic disorder and the main cause of splenomegaly. The location of S. japonicum and S. mansoni in pericolic veins explains that hepatic ovular deposits are much more frequent than with S. haematobium that is located in bladder veins. S. intercalatum, living in perirectal veins, may also disseminate some eggs in the liver. HTP most often requires surgical intervention. The diagnostic approach of hepatosplenic disorders in schistosomiasis is described and discussed. PMID- 7366367 TI - [Glomerular nephropathy and schistosomiasis (author's transl)]. AB - Glomerular lesion appears frequently in patients with S. mansoni or S. japonicum infection. This nephropathy may bring clinical changes and leads to severe evolution with letal risk. It may be induced or aggravated by the specific treatment but it has then, in most cases, a short duration and a good prognosis. Specific treatment fixed in order to reduce the amount of circulating antigens may be benefic. In some cases, on the contrary, the nephropathy is not reactive to any specific or symptomatic treatment and has an evolution of its own under the action of various factors; the most important is the hepatosplenic damage. Consequently glomerular function must be controlled in patients with schistosomiasis in order to fix the prognosis and the treatment. PMID- 7366368 TI - [Anatomopathological aspects of schistosomiasis. A study of 286 pathological specimens. (author's transl)]. AB - Schistosomiasis pathology demonstrates the successive stages of the specific inflammation and accounts for the large variety of its macroscopic and histological features. This paper reviews 286 bilharzial lesions studied between 1956 and 1979 at the ""Institut de Medecine tropicale du Service de sante des Armees". - First, the histopathological caracteristics of the disease are considered. Some lesions are caused by schistosomules and adult worms, but the proeminent role is devoted to egg: the bilharzial granuloma get developped around it, and is the elementary and specific lesion, after three successive phases: exsudative nodule, productive granuloma and scleral nudule. Some recent researches about histogenesis of this granuloma have pointed out the role, in the immune response, of cell mediated cytotoxicity. - The the pathological aspects due to each of the four parasitic species are described: S. haematobium is predominant (249 cases). 34,2 percent of the examined lesions are of vesical and/or ureteral nature. Vesical changes are increased because their chronic evolution and are frequently modified by secondary infections: lesions of uretere, giving stricture, frequently induce severe complications in the upper part of the urinary tract. The different parts of female genital tract (61 specimens) may be affected, with cervix and fallopian tubes more often hit. Testis and epididymis frequently show tumoral features, mainly in young patients. Appendicitis (41 cases) may have various pathological aspects. S. mansoni infections (34 cases) specially affect liver and colon. Three degrees of inflammation are described in liver where Symmers fibrosis is characteristic. Inflammatory lesions as well as tumors are observed in colon, rectum and anus. Lesions caused by S. japonicum have been detected in three specimens (liver and appendix). A brief description about S. intercalatum lesions is presented. - The study gives some information regarding the geographical origin of the patients, their age and the polymorphorus features of the lesions. Diagnosis of tumors requests special staining techniques. Completing the parasitologic and immunologic methods, anatomopathology may help diagnosis of bilharziasis. It should be included in any multidisciplinary and long term eradication programme. PMID- 7366369 TI - [Schistosomiasis epidemiology (author's transl)]. AB - Schistosomiasis are, with three hundred million of infested people, the second world endemy, after malaria. For each of the four species, the distribution areas, the life cycle and the main epidemiological features are recalled in the first chapter. In the five following chapters, the authors consider the human or animal reservoirs of virus, the importance of these diseases towards public health, the gasteropod molluscs acting as intermediate hosts, and the problems of immunity in man. The concepts of "schistosomian infection" and "schistosomian disease" are exposed as well as the differences affecting the various strains of schistosomes and snails intermediate hosts. The authors emphasize the value of quantitative parasitological techniques and sero-immunological methods for epidemiological surveys. They underline the difficulties met in the evaluation of the effect of these diseases upon public health. The main causes inducing the duration of the endemy and those responsible for its extension are studied. The value of mathematic patterns is briefly discussed. Quantitative data compiled through epidemiological surveys should improve the use of the various means presently available for controling schistosomiasis. PMID- 7366371 TI - [Loco-regional anesthesia in remote medical units: V. Anesthesia of lower abdomen and lower limbs: rachianesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - Rachianesthesia is still an useful technique in remote medical units. The authors have reviewed the equipment required, the technique, the possible difficulties or mishaps and the indications and contra-indications. PMID- 7366372 TI - [Poor recompense]. PMID- 7366370 TI - [Loco-regional anesthesia in remote medical units. IV. Intercostal block (author's transl)]. AB - The anesthesic fluid is injected close to the intercostal nerve at the starting point of its course in the corresponding space. Its gives an easy analgesia for thoracic or upper abdominal areas. PMID- 7366373 TI - [Our responsibility for the future of science]. PMID- 7366374 TI - [Hyperlactatemia--lactacidosis]. PMID- 7366375 TI - [Crisis intervention in selfhelp groups. Experiences from the ILCO consultation]. PMID- 7366376 TI - [Treatment of myocardial infarct before and after admission to the hospital]. PMID- 7366377 TI - [Dalmadorm, an almost ideal hypnotic]. PMID- 7366378 TI - [Effect of beta receptor blockaders on the central nervous system: sotalol]. PMID- 7366379 TI - [Examination and delivery program for group time tables. An aid in the organization of medical education]. PMID- 7366380 TI - [The level of performance was retained]. PMID- 7366382 TI - [Syncope in cardiac and vascular diseases]. PMID- 7366381 TI - [The acute abdomen from a surgical viewpoint]. PMID- 7366383 TI - [Emergencies in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7366384 TI - [Emergency situations in kidney failure. Diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7366385 TI - [Acute exogenous poisoning and its initial therapy in medical practice]. PMID- 7366386 TI - [Neurological emergency situations]. PMID- 7366387 TI - [The acute abdomen from an internistic viewpoint]. PMID- 7366388 TI - [Perceiving and understanding behavior disorders in schools]. PMID- 7366389 TI - [Cardiac "compliance". Methodological bases and limits for a determination of ventricular and myocardial elasticity]. PMID- 7366390 TI - [Effect of high dose lipase from Candida cylindracea on serum parameters in normal subjects]. PMID- 7366391 TI - [Does the nursing staff prescribe psychotropic drugs?]. PMID- 7366392 TI - [Treatment of thyroid diseases I]. PMID- 7366393 TI - [Psychological and psychopathological aspects of aging]. PMID- 7366394 TI - [Symptoms of alcoholism]. PMID- 7366395 TI - [Neurologic complications in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 7366396 TI - [Acute thrombotic venous processes and post-thrombophlebitic syndrome. Clinical aspects]. PMID- 7366397 TI - [57 Co-vitamin B 12 resorption in the serum. Statistically assured normal values]. PMID- 7366398 TI - [Intermittent claudication. Attempt at an objective vue of the disease and the possible treatment results with Sibelium]. PMID- 7366399 TI - [Ileus after removal of a large ovarian tumor during pregnancy. Consequence of preventive tokolysis?]. PMID- 7366400 TI - [Childbirth at home or in the hospital?]. PMID- 7366401 TI - [The characteristic syndrome. "Syndrome" of the extensive animal hide nevus with satellite nevi]. PMID- 7366405 TI - [Myocardial infarct in the hospital]. PMID- 7366403 TI - [Long-term therapy of gastrointestinal diseases with gastronerton]. PMID- 7366404 TI - [For instance Selacryn]. PMID- 7366402 TI - [Chemotherapy of urinary tract infections in ambulatory care units]. PMID- 7366406 TI - [Premature birth and intrauterine growth retardation. Evaluation of the risk caused by preexistent maternal factors]. PMID- 7366407 TI - [Current studies on calcium metabolism in mother and child during the perinatal period]. PMID- 7366408 TI - [Differential diagnosis of primary amenorrhea and pubertal virilization]. PMID- 7366409 TI - [The drowning accident. Clinical value of various laboratory parameters]. PMID- 7366410 TI - [Thoracic neuroblastoma]. PMID- 7366411 TI - Echoic memory and voice quality: recency recall is not enhanced by varying presentation voice. PMID- 7366412 TI - Active memory processes in visual sentence comprehension: clause effects and pronominal reference. PMID- 7366413 TI - Semantic specificity in cued recall. PMID- 7366414 TI - Separating comprehension from the verification process. PMID- 7366415 TI - Hepatic alpha-tocopherol-binding protein. PMID- 7366416 TI - Preparation of cryptofluorescent analogs of cobalamin coenzymes. PMID- 7366417 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of the K vitamins. PMID- 7366418 TI - Spectroscopic determination of vitamin K after reduction. PMID- 7366419 TI - Polarographic determination of vitamin K5 in aqueous solution. PMID- 7366421 TI - Determination of vitamin K1 in photodegradation products by gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 7366420 TI - Photochemical - fluorometric determination of the K vitamins. PMID- 7366422 TI - Assay procedure for the vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide-reducing system. PMID- 7366423 TI - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. PMID- 7366424 TI - Microsomal vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. PMID- 7366425 TI - Colorimetric estimation of vitamin A with trichloroacetic acid. PMID- 7366426 TI - Indirect spectrophotometry on vitamin A products: peak signal readout. PMID- 7366427 TI - Colorimetric analysis of vitamin A and carotene. PMID- 7366428 TI - Polarography of compounds of the vitamin B12 series in dimethylformamide. PMID- 7366429 TI - Analysis of geometrically isomeric vitamin A compounds. PMID- 7366430 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatography of vitamin A metabolites and analogs. PMID- 7366432 TI - Separation of carotenoids on lipophilic Sephadex. PMID- 7366431 TI - Gas chromatography, gas chromatography--mass spectrometry, and high-pressure liquid chromatography of carotenoids and retinoids. PMID- 7366433 TI - Carotenoid biosynthesis by cultures and cell-free preparations of Flavobacterium R1560. PMID- 7366434 TI - Synthesis and properties of glycosyl retinyl phosphates. PMID- 7366435 TI - Separation of cobyrinic acid and its biosynthetic precursors by ion-exchange paper chromatography. PMID- 7366436 TI - Isolation and purification of bovine rhodopsin. PMID- 7366437 TI - Measurement of tissue vitamin B12 by radioisotopic competitive inhibition assay and quantitation of tissue cobalamin fractions. PMID- 7366438 TI - Gas--liquid chromatography of vitamin D and analogs. PMID- 7366439 TI - Thin layer--gas chromatographic determination of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. PMID- 7366440 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatography of vitamin D metabolites and analogs. PMID- 7366441 TI - Mass fragmentographic assay of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. PMID- 7366442 TI - Ribosome-associated vitamin B12s adenosylating enzyme of Lactobacillus leichmannii. PMID- 7366443 TI - Vitamin D metabolites: extraction from tissue and partial purification prior to chromatography. PMID- 7366444 TI - 25-Hydroxylation of vitamin D3 in liver microsomes and their smooth and rough subfractions. PMID- 7366445 TI - Spectroscopic analysis of vitamin B12 derivatives. PMID- 7366446 TI - Radioimmunoassay for chick intestinal calcium-binding protein. PMID- 7366447 TI - Purification of chick intestinal calcium-binding protein. PMID- 7366448 TI - Simultaneous determination of vitamins B1 and B6 by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 7366449 TI - Immobilized derivatives of vitamin B12 coenzyme and its analogs. PMID- 7366450 TI - Solubilization of the receptor for intrinsic factor--B12 complex from guinea pig intestinal mucosa. PMID- 7366451 TI - Properties of proteins that bind vitamin B12 in subcellular fractions of rat liver. PMID- 7366452 TI - Isolation and characterization of vitamin B12-binding proteins from human fluids. PMID- 7366453 TI - Biosynthesis of transcobalamin II. PMID- 7366454 TI - Competitive binding radioassays for vitamin B12 in biological fluids or solid tissues. PMID- 7366455 TI - Medical profession burdened by restrictions. PMID- 7366456 TI - MSMS studying new CME opportunities for members. PMID- 7366457 TI - How MSMS CME programming has matured. PMID- 7366458 TI - Here's exactly what MSMS offers members in CME courses. PMID- 7366459 TI - The Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulation. PMID- 7366460 TI - Immunization requirements more stringent under new Michigan Public Health Code. PMID- 7366461 TI - How the MSMS Auxiliary promotes immunizations. PMID- 7366462 TI - Mastectomy patients have own Lansing shop. PMID- 7366463 TI - Competition for undergraduate grades can limit students' social consciousness. PMID- 7366464 TI - Physicians' role to cure and care--importance of latter must not be overlooked. PMID- 7366465 TI - Public's dissatisfaction with medical care a mandate to new and established MDs. PMID- 7366466 TI - Physicians' role in the future needs to be clarified, refined. PMID- 7366467 TI - Females close to 30 percent of Michigan med student numbers. PMID- 7366468 TI - Here are details, impact on MDs of new Blues reimbursement system. PMID- 7366469 TI - Physicians, hospitals should join to provide patient education. PMID- 7366470 TI - Oakland County Medical Society membership campaign gets results. PMID- 7366471 TI - Communications could improve psychiatrists', other MDs' rapport. PMID- 7366472 TI - Medical arbitration statute--either amend it or repeal it. PMID- 7366473 TI - Bed reduction in Michigan; a complex, controversial issue. PMID- 7366474 TI - Most striking find of MSMS survey: Medical malpractice suits increase in past five years. PMID- 7366476 TI - Well-planned filing system keeps management problems minimal. PMID- 7366475 TI - MPMLC serves Michigan MDs in ways no other company can. PMID- 7366477 TI - The Michigan Department of Management and Budget. PMID- 7366478 TI - [Effect of chlorhexidine bigluconate on the development of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa eye infection in rabbits]. PMID- 7366479 TI - [Fatty acid makeup of different bacterial species of the genus Pseudomonas]. PMID- 7366481 TI - [Phage morphology of sporulating bacteria]. PMID- 7366480 TI - [Capacity of oligonitrophilic bacteria to utilize exopolysaccharides as carbon nutrition sources]. PMID- 7366482 TI - [Aspects of the interaction of sporogenic aerobic bacteria with a macroorganism]. PMID- 7366483 TI - [Effect of sutan on the soil microflora in corn plantings]. PMID- 7366484 TI - [Species composition and ammonifying activity of the heterotrophic bacteria in reclaimed soils]. PMID- 7366485 TI - [Morphology of the conidia of species of Penicillium Link ex Fr. and the structural characteristics of their cell walls. I. Monoverticillata section]. PMID- 7366487 TI - [Antimicrobial properties of a number of plant terpenoids and their synthetic derivatives]. PMID- 7366488 TI - Medical science, medical services and medical education. PMID- 7366486 TI - [Antimicrobial activity of kalanchoe juice relative to dysentery bacteria]. PMID- 7366489 TI - Evaluation of instructional skills of medical teachers: the participant observer in the Medical School. AB - A model for the evaluation and development of instructional skills utilizing a participant observer is presented. Examples from a medical school context are provided. Other sources of evaluative information on performance of teachers including student based surveys are reviewed. PMID- 7366490 TI - Medical education: the discontinuers' view point. AB - A postal questionnaire was distributed to all students who had discontinued, for any reason, their studies at Aberdeen Medical School. Opinions were sought about their experiences while there, as well as their reactions to the discontinuation therefrom. Claiming that learning to cope with stress was an essential aspect of their professional development, these students were dissatisfied with the extent to which the staff responded to students in need and took their problems not to professional welfare agencies but mainly to family and friends. Almost unanimously they supported the notion of a Student Counselling Service. Problems of adaptation and content of studies were the two items regarded as having made the greatest contribution to their discontinuation. For some of these students and their families, discontinuation had been a distressing experience, but all but one student agreed that they had gained something from their period at medical school, however brief. The medical school can learn much from those who pass out prematurely and not only from those successful on the final day. PMID- 7366491 TI - Is Bloom's Taxonomy reflected in the response pattern to MCQ items? AB - The purpose of this study was to find out whether taxonomic classification of MCQ items reflected differences in student behaviour. The data from one of this University's official open-book exams, in which students answer sixty MCQ items distributed over twelve content-areas of physiology were examined. The responses from all 153 candidates were then subjected to factor analysis. Analysis of individual item scores was unrewarding. Analysis of scores for item-groups based on taxonomy and content resulted in the identification of three factors, which carried predominant loadings from recall or look-up items, interpretation items, and problem-solving items, respectively. PMID- 7366492 TI - Student health services. PMID- 7366494 TI - A problem in medical education: is there an information overload? AB - Some problems common to many disciplines are briefly examined. One of the problems, that of an information overload, was recognized in medical education already twenty years ago; since then the situation has become much more acute. We have attempted to give a numerical value to the information content of a number of courses and these highlight the overload in the medical course. PMID- 7366493 TI - An evaluation of a rehabilitation workshop. AB - Staff awareness of the steps involved in rehabilitation was assessed before and after a multidisciplinary workshop concerned with the aims, methods and principles of rehabilitation in psychiatry. Results were compared with similar assessments derived from a matched control group which was not exposed to any educational programme. The data suggest severe limitations in staff performance on the rehabilitation problem solving task which was used. Performance was not improved by the workshop, and the limitations of staff opinion as measures of the educational value of the workshop were clearly demonstrated. These results are consistent with other findings, and demonstrate the need to evaluate educational programmes provided in the Health Services. PMID- 7366495 TI - Job satisfaction in Aberdeen medical graduates of 1969--73. AB - In a postal follow-up study of five annual cohorts of Aberdeen medical graduates, respondents (88% of those approached) were asked how satisfied they were with their jobs 4--5 years after qualifying. Eight out of ten males and seven out of ten females appeared to be content with their jobs, the proportion being rather higher among those in or training for general practice. Reasons for good job satisfaction tended to be different among those in training for hospital medical careers compared to general practice. PMID- 7366496 TI - The application of educational objectives within a classical institutional framework. PMID- 7366497 TI - The first seven years of the examination for membership of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. AB - In the seven years since the first examinations for Membership of the Australian & New Zealand College of Psychiatrists were held in 1970, there were 593 applications from 370 candidates. The information from these applications has been analyzed in detail, and compared with the applicants' examination performances. Certain pattern emerge, but assessment of the quantitative importance of these is dependent on further studies. PMID- 7366498 TI - Cuckoo in the nest: some comments on the role of sociology in the undergraduate medical curriculum. AB - Despite the enormous strides that it has made over the past decade the position of sociology within the medical school remains precarious. Its problems are compounded by a failure to develop a coherent defence of its contribution to the education of doctors. In this paper three approaches to the teaching of sociology are identified: the human relations approach; the basic science approach; and the applied science approach. The limitations of each are discussed. It is argued that they offer a distorted version of sociology and represent competing approaches to medical education. It is further argued that sociology must curb its imperialistic tendencies, re-establish the connection between research and teaching, and through its approach both to teaching and the practice of medicine seek to provide a liberating influence in the undergraduate curriculum. PMID- 7366499 TI - Criterion-based open book examinations in physiology. AB - Analysed data from ten consecutive physiology examinations for medical students at Aarhus University are presented. Each examination comprised one MCQ test and one short-answer test. For both written aids were allowed; both were dominated by items above the recall level. The mean test scores of both the MCQ and the short answer tests were slightly above their mean pass levels with coefficients of variation around seven. Large but similar pass rate fluctuations in both test were found, and about half of the non-passing students failed both tests. The MCQ minimum pass level, established by the Nedelsky principle, was more stable than the essay pass level. The Nedelsky values seem to compensate for a large part of the fluctuations in the difficulty level of various MCQ sets. Due to lack of comparable data it cannot be settled whether the pass rate fluctuations are excessive, nor whether standards fluctuate more than those at other institutes. PMID- 7366500 TI - Teaching of neuroanatomy by means of self-instructional laboratory stations. AB - Neuroanatomical laboratory material was presented to first-year medical students in a series of six self-instructional stations. Each station was designed to emphasize one major objective and to be completed without reference to any other station. Upon completion of a station the students filled out a response questionnaire. Five weeks later, short examinations testing both station content and application of the neuroanatomical principles were administered to volunteers from the class. Student response to this teaching format was highly favourable for all areas questioned. Results of the tests indicated a mastery of station material as defined by the objectives and an ability to use the material in applied problems. The laboratory station concept is economical of both student and instructor time and allows flexibility in the design of neuroanatomical laboratory experiences. PMID- 7366501 TI - Medical education: assessment of a regent scheme. AB - As part of a project concerned to identify the emotional and psychological problems experienced by medical students in the Medical School of Aberdeen University and to evaluate the services organized to respond to these, the present study is an assessment of one of these services, the regent scheme. The results of a questionnaire issued to current regents and to students in the second and third years of their course, show discrepancies in the views of the members of the two groups about selection of regents, the matching of regents and regentees, guidance offered about the use of the scheme, assessibility of regents and payment to regents. Comments from both groups indicate dissatisfaction with the scheme and also the wish to see it continue. This study explores some of the reasons for these opinions and for the use of the scheme by only a minority of students; and shows the need for a revision of the scheme. PMID- 7366502 TI - Voluntary attachments of preclinical medical students to rural practitioners in Queensland. AB - This study evaluates the attachment of preclinical medical students to rural general practitioners in Queensland. The expectations of participating students were assessed before the experience, and compared with their realizations. Perceptions of their own clinical skills, and the type of medicine they want to practise were assessed both before and after. Doctors taking part felt stimulated by the experience, and confimed that the presence of a student is readily accepted by patients, and causes minimal practice disruption. Students saw this attachment as providing motivation for their further studies, and relevance to their preclinical work. Clinical sophistication would not appear to be necessary for considerable benefit to be derived from the experience. PMID- 7366503 TI - Assisting the observation skills of medical students visiting general practices and patients in their homes. AB - The article describes a frame of reference for assisting the observation skills of medical students. It is intended for use early in the student's study--for example in the third year curriculum. Its function is to help students give meaning to what they see and hear (1) when present during consultations between a general practitioner and his patients, (2) when discussing the reasons for particular decisions and activities in a general practitioner's handling of a case, and (3) when visiting a patient of a general practitioner at home. The programme of discussions, exercises, case presentations and video film which is used to teach the frame of reference is outlined. Criteria, which such a frame of reference evidently needs to satisfy if it is to function as intended, are proposed. These are derived from the opinions of third year medical students who have used the frame of reference on visits to a practice and who were later invited to critique its usefulness. PMID- 7366504 TI - Swedish men and women doctors compared. Comparison between Swedish-trained men and women doctors for background, demographic characteristics, professional activity and motives leading to choice of medical career. AB - The demographic characteristics, work history, motives for taking up medicine and other features were studied in a sample of now-living Swedish doctors consisting of every fifth woman by date of birth and for every woman the man nearest to her in date of birth (943 persons). The Swedish Board of Health and Welfare supplied a large amount of the data needed; the rest were obtained from a six-page questionnaire to which 81% of the doctors replied. Analysis of these data revealed several statistically significant sex differences, including the following: The women were born to older fathers and better educated mothers. They married later, and had fewer children. They were less often engaged in in-patient somatic care and more often in in-patient psychiatric care. They were less often head doctors, less often in teaching departments and less often medical teachers; female graduates of more than 10 years' standing were less often employed in hospitals than their male counterparts. Their work output equalled 85% that of the men. More woman than men said that they were inspired to take up medicine by a sense of mission, and fewer women than men were attracted by the prospective income or the prestige attached to the profession. PMID- 7366506 TI - Association of Medical Deans in Europe. PMID- 7366505 TI - Short essay questions. PMID- 7366507 TI - Achievement factors and personality in a cohort of medical students. PMID- 7366508 TI - Noncontact transducer for monitoring blood temperature during extracorporeal circulation. AB - A zero-heat-flow transducer was designed to monitor blood temperature during extracorporeal circulation. The probe was covered with a thick metal shell that was heated or cooled to match the surface temperature of the circulation tube, causing the net heat flow across theprobe to be reduced to zero. Experiments showed that fluid temperatures between 20 degrees C and 40 degrees C measured from the surface of a Tygon tube would be accurate within +/- 0.2 degrees C. Response time of ramp-like change in the fluid temperature from 20 degrees C to 30 degrees C was about 3 min. Animal and clinical tests showed this device to be highly accurate. PMID- 7366509 TI - A system for quantitative evaluation of left ventricular function with two dimensional ultrasonography. AB - Phased-array ultrasonic imaging systems produce real-time sectional images of the left ventricle. To quantify left ventricular function, a light-pen-based system was developed using a minicomputer to analyze the geometry of ultrasound images and measure left ventricular volume, ejection fraction, and regional contraction. System accuracy was evaluated by comparing measurements abtained from left ventricular cineangiograms at cardiac catheterization on a series of 25 patients to echocardiographic left ventricular long- and short-axis linear dimensions (r = 0.92, S.E.E. = 0.67 cm), end-diastolic volume (r = 0.84, S.E.E. = 45 cm3), and ejection fraction (r = 0.80, S.E.E. = 0.10). Five patients from the study population with electrocardiographically documented transmural myocardial infarcts had regional contraction abnormalities detected by this analytic approach. Quantitative application of two-dimensional echocardiography appears to be a useful noninvasive method of evaluating left ventricular ejection fraction and has potential to define regional contraction abnormalities objectively. PMID- 7366511 TI - In standards development, who is the consumer of a medical device? PMID- 7366510 TI - Southern California biomedical equipment technician apprenticeship program. PMID- 7366512 TI - Standards and consumer representation. PMID- 7366514 TI - A frequency-time domain signal processing system. AB - A digital signal processing system for time series analysis with two modes of usage--the first a rapid, hands-on exploratory method, and the second an automatic, printed, labeled graphic output method--is described. The system utilizes a Time Data 1923C system with integral PDP-11 minicomputer, and a console. Major error problems have been contained and a large-volume graphic analysis capability has been developed. Applications include (a) transpulmonary pressure-pulse relationships, (b) elucidation of the multiphasic nature of pulmonary-vein/left-atrial-pressure pulse phenomena, (c) suggestive value of transfer function phenomena as a tool to demonstrate the effect of various loading and ischemic phenomena on the left ventricle, and (d) teaching demonstration of the techniques of digital signal processing. PMID- 7366513 TI - In vivo continuous monitoring of K+ in animals using ISFET probes. AB - Potassium ion sensitive field effect transistor probes have been developed and tested in various clinical applications involving continuous monitoring of serum and interstitial fluid potassium levels. Initial results are presented that demonstrate the importance of continuous monitoring of serum and/or IF K+. Probe construction, calibration, and in vivo placement techniques are described. Use of continuous monitoring that ChemFET probes provide offers the potential for much improved management of patients recovering from many types of clinical disease states that may involve electrolyte abnormalities. Further studies are in progress that will provide additional insight into electrolyte dynamics among the various fluid compartments of the body in response to various physiological stresses. PMID- 7366515 TI - [75 years of Medizinische Klinik]. PMID- 7366516 TI - [Nuclear medicine research methods in urological diagnosis]. PMID- 7366517 TI - [Case of carbamazepine-induced interstitial pneumonia]. AB - Report on a case of a woman suffering from trifacial neuralgia who was treated with Carbamazepin (Tegretal). Following therapy there occured dyspnea and cough, followed by a considerable reduction of the pulmonary function. The symptoms were caused by a probably allergic interstitial pneumonia induced by Carbamazepin. The onnexion between Carbamazepin and respiratory failure could be established by reexposition. This side-effect of Carbamazepin is a very rare event. PMID- 7366518 TI - [Extracranial carotid stenosis and its sonographic diagnosis]. AB - The direct Doppler examination of the carotid arteries as a method to detect and distinguish stenoses and occlusions of the common, internal, and external carotid arteries allows to decide on operability and indication for surgical treatment. The exact observation of the acoustical flow signals permits to a high degree an identification of even small stenoses and arteriosclerotic plaques. In 125 angiographical controls 95% of the sonographic diagnoses, in stenoses larger than 50% correct diagnosis could be established even up to about 99%. There were no false positive sonographic findings. Because of our good results we did not consider it necessary in recent time to perform an angiography before surgery in 25 patients. These patients had a high angiographic risk and there was a clear cut Doppler finding of an extreme stenosis in the internal carotid artery. PMID- 7366519 TI - [Dose-response comparison with etiroxat HCl in hyperlipoproteinemias types IIa and IIb]. PMID- 7366520 TI - [Determination of free thyroxine by a new RIA method]. PMID- 7366521 TI - [Prodromal symptoms of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7366524 TI - [What is the treatment for herpes zoster pain?]. PMID- 7366523 TI - [Jaffe-Lichtenstein fibrous dysplasia]. PMID- 7366522 TI - [Can gallstones be dissolved by drugs?]. PMID- 7366525 TI - [Abstention from the sauna in Pityriasis versicolor?]. PMID- 7366527 TI - [Interpretation of serum protein data: individual normal values or reference areas?]. PMID- 7366526 TI - [Determination of HDL-cholesterol--a comparison of methods]. PMID- 7366528 TI - [Comparison and clinical evaluation of electrophoresis methods: Cellulose-acetate electrophoresis with photometric evaluation and agarose-gel screening electrophoresis with immunologic quantification of the various proteins]. PMID- 7366529 TI - [Notes on the introduction of the SI (International System of Units)]. PMID- 7366530 TI - Homicide and the dentist. PMID- 7366532 TI - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7366531 TI - Finding out the truth in court. PMID- 7366533 TI - Nitrofurantoin. PMID- 7366534 TI - Insect venom extracts. PMID- 7366535 TI - Topical hydrocortisone without a prescription. PMID- 7366536 TI - Microwave time delay spectroscopic imagery of isolated canine kidney. AB - A method for producing microwave images that are improved through the reduction of multipath propagation effects is described. This method employs water immersed antennas and microwave time delay spectroscopy (TDS) at S-band. It is shown that objects as small as 6 mm in diameter can be detected. Objects 10 mm apart appear as separate responses on the image. It is also shown that is possible to generate a physiologically and anatomically relevant image of an isolated canine renal specimen. PMID- 7366538 TI - X-ray computed tomography in the presence of arbitrary symmetrical focal spot intensity distributions. AB - A loss of resolution in tomographic images is due to the well-known bimodal spatial variations in photon emission across the x-ray focal spot combined with the finite width of the x-ray detector. Such departures from the ideal infinitely narrow beams which are usually considered can be taken into account by replacing the customary line integrals by suitably chosen integrals over strips. The image degradation resulting from using those strip integrals as ingredients in conventional reconstruction formulas is expressible as a complicated point spread function, which can always be computed in any given situation. Restoring the reconstructed image to provide higher resolution is a nontrivial operation, which however greatly benefits from experience already gained in dealing with optical imagery degraded by the aberrations of astigmatism and curvature of field. Typical point spread functions are shown for a simple bimodal source intensity distribution of primordial importance. PMID- 7366537 TI - Effect of reduced scatter on radiographic information content and patient exposure: a quantitative demonstration. AB - If a normal screen-film exposure is made using a conventional grid, a reduced exposure may be used with a superior scatter removal device to record the same image information. This theoretical conclusion is not readily demonstrated because of the limited visibility on the underexposed film. In this study radiographs underexposed by a factor of three with a scanning multiple slit assembly (SMSA) were enhanced autoradiographically and found visually to contain more information than properly exposed radiographs obtained under similar conditions using a conventional Bucky grid. This observation was confirmed by contrast scale and noise measurements. Furthermore, the entrance skin exposure of the radiograph using the SMSA was 45% of that required with the grid technique at the same beam quality. PMID- 7366539 TI - Software balancing of multiple detectors during CT scanning. AB - The general requirements for balancing of detectors in a multiple detector CT scanner are discussed, and the specific requirements for software balancing using data acquired within the body section during the scan are outlined. A particular technique which can be implemented in a scanner employing a simultaneous translation and rotation of the source/detector package is presented. The technique produces an exact balancing offset and gain factors, to within accuracy limits imposed by the statistical uncertainty due to noise in the measurements. However, the technique admits a redundancy of solutions with allows the statistical sample to be expanded to include virtually all data acquired during the scan, thereby suppressing detector imbalance artifacts to the same level as overall quantum noise in the image. PMID- 7366540 TI - An anthropomorphic torso section phantom for ultrasonic imaging. AB - Using stable materials capable of mimicking any soft tissues of the human body- quantitatively with respect to speed of sound, density, and attenuation coefficient and semiquantitatively with respect to scatter--we have constructed a torso section phantom containing simulated bowel gas, kidney, kidney fat pad, liver, tumor, cyst, bony structures, and resolution fibers. Simple geometries and precise knowledge of ultrasonic properties allow artifacts to be produced and explained with great confidence. Artifacts due to refraction and reflection are particularly dramatic. Phantoms such as this should be useful as stage one phantoms for training ultrasonographers. Such phantoms should also be of use to those who are doing research in ultrasonic image processing. This might involve, for example, recognizing image artifacts and reducing their effect in the formation of the image. PMID- 7366541 TI - Calculation of the average energy absorbed in photon interactions. AB - High energy electrons set into motion by photon interactions with matter lose some of their energy by bremsstrahlung. This loss must be evaluated before energy absorption coefficients may be calculated. Recent extensive tables of data published by Plechaty et al. contain an appreciable error in this quantity. The error results from two simplifying assumptions and for the case of very high photon energies interacting with high atomic number materials can be as much as a factor of two. This has important implications for the evaluation of quantities used in radiation dosimetry. PMID- 7366543 TI - How big is a pinhole? AB - Numerical estimates are formulated for the pinhole size required for a distortion free pinhole camera. The appropriate formulas are shown for both large and small pinholes. PMID- 7366542 TI - CT quality assurance: computer assisted slice thickness determination. AB - The precise slice geometry of a CT scanner is an important, albeit tedious to determine, characteristic. A series of computer programs have been developed to analyze the slice thickness insert of the AAPM phantom. Without operator assistance they generate the beam profiles and slice thicknesses at three points in the scan field. A representative analysis is done on an AS&E scanner with slice thickness settings of 2 to 10 mm. The resulting discrepent measured thicknesses, ranging from 3 to 8 mm, indicate the need to perform such slice thickness measurements as part of a regular quality assurance program. PMID- 7366544 TI - Computer interface for a linear accelerator. AB - A computer interface for the Clinac-18 linear accelerator has been developed, using a standard CAMAC interface plus buffer amplifiers to isolate the CAMAC from the accelerator electronics. Buffer amplifiers are employed because direct connection of the CAMAC system to the accelerator was found to affect accelerator operation. The total interface accommodates the four gantry position analog signals and thirteen digital signals describing all available treatment options. The interface also allows the computer to inhibit beam operation. PMID- 7366545 TI - Definition of source for head shielding requirements in linear accelerators may affect room shielding design. AB - Siemens Corporation defines the source of the Mevatron 20 linear accelerator as a line source approximately 2 m in length. Calculations for secondary barriers for leakage radiation are generally based on 0.1% of the useful beam 1 m from the target. The difference in source terms can lead to calculating thinner barriers than are required. The placement of a 30 X 10 X 10-cm block of lead behind the head was required to achieve acceptable radiation levels. PMID- 7366546 TI - TLD reader with photon counting and dc techniques for wide range radiation dose measurement. AB - A TLD reader incorporating the techniques of photon counting and dc methods has been developed for radiation dose measurements in the range of 10(-6) Gy (10(-2) Gy = 1 rad) to 100 Gy for varied applications in radiation protection and for dosimetry in medical physics. It utilizes state-of-the-art technology and is provided with reproducible heating programmer, glow curve output, digital dose display, check light source and data processing facilities. The reader has been designed for easy operation and maintenance. The precision of the reader is about +/- 6% (1 sigma) for 10(-5) Gy and better than +/- 2% (1 sigma) for doses greater than or equal to 0.5 cGy. Further improvements are being effected to measure doses down to 10(-7) Gy. PMID- 7366547 TI - Computer assisted MTF determination in CT. AB - A series of computer programs have been written to analyze a scan of the AAPM CT performance phantom resolution insert with little operator assistance. A representative analysis is done on a scan from an AS&E scanner as an example. Its point spread function, edge response function and modulation transfer function are presented. PMID- 7366549 TI - [Piemonte-Valle d'Aosta Section of the Italian Society of Pediatrics, Turin, 16 June 1979. Kyphosis and scoliosis during growth stage]. PMID- 7366548 TI - Physical factors determining the utility of radiation safety glasses. AB - Ten types of lenses were tested for their radiation protection properties in three experimental circumstances: (a) Their good geometry (scatter free) attenuation was determined as a function of HVL in a direct x-ray beam. (b) Their dose reducing properties were determined under simulated clinical fluoroscopic conditions, using both ion chambers and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's) while the lenses, mounted in frames, were worn by a head phantom. The head was oriented in four different directions to simulate clinical conditions in a fluoroscopic room. (c) Their dose reducing properties were measured with TLD's while the glasses were worn by radiologists during clinical fluoroscopic procedures. Although several of the lenses could attenuate a direct x-ray beam several thousand times, none of the glasses offer more than a factor of 8 reduction in eye exposure when the glasses are worn during fluoroscopy. This is attributed to backscatter from the fluoroscopist's head and deficient lateral shielding. Some of the glasses may even be causing an increase in eye exposure when the TV monitor is located 90 degrees or more from the patient. PMID- 7366550 TI - [Kyphosis and scoliosis during growth stage. Introduction]. PMID- 7366551 TI - [Epidemiology of kyphosis and scoliosis during growth stage]. PMID- 7366552 TI - [Etiopathogenesis and clinical aspects of kyphosis and scoliosis during growth stage]. PMID- 7366553 TI - [Radiological aspects of scoliosis and kyphosis during growth stage]. PMID- 7366554 TI - [Respiratory function studies in subjects with scoliosis during growth stage]. PMID- 7366555 TI - [Kyphosis and scoliosis during growth stage. Orthopedic and surgical treatment]. PMID- 7366556 TI - [Kyphosis and scoliosis during growth stage. Psychological aspects]. PMID- 7366557 TI - [Structural scoliosis during childhood]. PMID- 7366558 TI - Replantation of completely and incompletely amputated hand parts, case reports. PMID- 7366559 TI - Physician-nurse practitioner teams for primary care in Missouri. PMID- 7366560 TI - The developing phase of primary hypertension. I. Identification of the problem. PMID- 7366561 TI - The developing phase of primary hypertension. II. Treatment. PMID- 7366562 TI - Rattling the cans. PMID- 7366563 TI - Office hours. PMID- 7366564 TI - Prophylactic use of antibiotics in surgery. Part I. PMID- 7366565 TI - Valvular endocarditis and bacteremia in a bald eagle. AB - A thickened left atrioventricular valve and a discolored, mottled liver were the only lesions noted in an adult male bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) found dead below its nest on Hirz Creek near Lake Shasta, California. Microscopic examination revealed bacterial vegetative valvular endocarditis and disseminated bacterial thromboembolic lesions. PMID- 7366566 TI - Suspected pentachlorophenol and creosote poisoning. PMID- 7366567 TI - Progressive retinal atrophy in the Samoyed. AB - In Samoyeds 2-5 years old, progressive retinal atrophy was evidenced ophthalmoscopically by peripheral tapetal hyperreflectivity and vascular attenuation, with marked generalized retinal thinning and vascular attenuation at 5-8 years. Pupil response remained active until late in the disease. Histologically, early retinal development was normal, with lesion onset paralleling that of ERG abnormalities. Pedigree examination and test-breeding results were compatible with simple autosomal recessive inheritance. PMID- 7366568 TI - Going to waste. PMID- 7366569 TI - Penile surgery in the bovine: part III. PMID- 7366570 TI - Equine reproductive problems. PMID- 7366571 TI - The mastitis problem--the uncooperative co-op. PMID- 7366572 TI - How to avoid a hassle with the IRS. PMID- 7366573 TI - Clinical neurology in small animal practice. PMID- 7366574 TI - Veterinary personnel m,nagement: job descriptions. PMID- 7366576 TI - Bovine practice in the 1980's. PMID- 7366575 TI - The diagnosis of liver disease in equine and food animals. PMID- 7366577 TI - Interpretation of clinicopathologic data in abdominal crises. PMID- 7366578 TI - Dirofilariasis in a cat. PMID- 7366579 TI - Efficiency and safety of an inactivated feline parvovirus vaccine against canine parvovirus infection. AB - Inactivated feline parvovirus vaccine produced in a continuous feline cell line evoked a protective canine parvovirus antibody titer and prevented virus shedding following challenge in previously seronegative puppies. Post-vaccinal reactions to the vaccine were not observed in laboratory puppies vaccinated with multiple doses of vaccine or in vaccinated puppies from 5 clinics and/or animal shelters. PMID- 7366580 TI - Hostility in the animal clinic. PMID- 7366581 TI - Pleural effusion in cats. PMID- 7366582 TI - Comparative studies of alpha-lactalbumin and lysozyme: the proteins of kangaroo (Megaleia rufa and Macropus giganteus) and horse (Equus caballus). AB - As part of a study of the 'whey' proteins of various mammals, a comparison is made of the alpha-lactalbumins and lysozymes of the kangaroo and horse. In the milk of the red kangaroo (Megaleia rufa) there is only one alpha-lactalbumin and it occurs throughout lactation, but no lysozyme has been detected. There are two alpha-lactalbumins in the milk of the grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), one, designated alpha-lactalbumin Zone B, is present throughout lactation; the second, designated alpha-lactalbumin Zone A, is present only in late lactation. One lysozyme is also present. The milk of the horse (Equus caballus) contains one alpha-lactalbumin and at least one lysozyme. Partial amino acid sequences are proposed from sequence determination and from analyses of tryptic peptides compared with the known sequences of other alpha-lactalbumins and lysozymes. PMID- 7366584 TI - [Metatropic dysplasia. A rare skeletal anomaly (author's transl)]. AB - Metatropic dwarfism is a rare form of bone dysplasia which is manifest already at birth. One feature is an early manifestation of progressive kyphoscoliosis, causing a reversal of body proportions. The radiological changes permit classification by establishing the presence of anisospondylia, a "halberd shaped" pelvis and epimetaphyseal ossification disorders. Inheritance is probably autosomal-recessive or dominant. PMID- 7366583 TI - [Pylephlebitis after umbilical vein catheterization (author's transl)]. AB - In spite of extensive precausions and antibiotic therapy, pylephlebitis was found in 11 of 200 dead newborns as complicat infection after umbilical vein catherization. All stages from local pylephlebitis to suppurative hepatitis were found. The clinical manifestations are not characteristic and therefore misinterpreted very often. Umbilical vein infection should be taken into account in every newborn child with or after umbilical vein catheterization, even when the umbilicus appears normal, when body temperature is rising, the general condition is turning to the worse, and icterus is increasing. Blood picture and transaminase values might be helpful parameters. Reviewing the literature and reporting a case of fatal portal hypertension, pylephlebitis after umbilical vein catheterization is shown as a possible cause of the pseudo-Banti-syndrome in children. PMID- 7366585 TI - [Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia of the McKusick type (cartilage-hair hypoplasia)]. AB - Cartilage-Hair-Hypoplasia is a rare form of metaphyseal chondrodystrophia. Its clinical picture is characterized by dysproportionate deficient growth shift to length of upper part of the body. The hair diameter is reduced, and the eyebrows are defectly marked. After stimulation by insulin, the levels of somatotropic hormone are found in the acromegalic range. The bone structure is rarefied at the distal metaphyses of the metacarpals and the proximal metaphyses of the finger basal phalanges. The most important roentgenologic symptoms to be found are clowdy, cystic rarefactions at the distal femoral metaphyses. As to the pathophysiology, deficient proliferation of cartilaginous cells is mentioned in literature. PMID- 7366586 TI - [Studies of metabolism of overweight children before and during weight reducing diet applied some weeks (author's transl)]. AB - 32 overweight and otherwise healthy children aged 8--15 years received a hypocaloric assorted diet for some weeks. Their weight loss was satisfactory, and as expected most considerable in the beginning. Before and during dieting a great number of investigations were carried out concerning the changes of metabolism and blood counts. This was done in weekly intervals. By means of the resulting parameters the changes of metabolism during dieting are discussed. PMID- 7366587 TI - [Ketamine anesthesia for outpatient procedures in children (author's transl)]. AB - Ketamine anesthesia was used in children to perform 200 outpatient procedures (mainly spinal taps, bone marrow aspirations and biopsies). Atropine was administered in advance and a ketamine dose of 1.8--2.0 mg/kg i.v. was sufficient in most instances. The general anesthesia allows calm and accurate performance of the necessary procedures. Ketamine can be used repeatedly and was preferred by the majority of children for subsequent procedures. The application of Diazepam (2 mg i.v. or 5 mg rectally) reduced unpleasant wake-up dreams in older children. The children were under close observation until consciousness was regained. They left the outpatient clinic attended by their parents approximately one hour after the procedure. PMID- 7366588 TI - [The early feeding of premature and low birth weight infants with breast milk. I. Head growth and weight gain during the first month of life (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366589 TI - [The early feeding of premature and low birth weight infants with breast milk. II. Growth and development within the first year of life (author's transl)]. AB - Growth and development of 172 infants with low birth weight (82 AFD, 90 SFD) were controlled within the first year of life. Head growth of AFD infants kept within normal limits during the whole time. The head circumference of the SFD infants was smaller within the first two months, from the third month onwards there was no signficant difference between AFD and SFD infants. The difference in body weight between AFD and SFD was significant up to the fifth month. Psychomotor development was within normal limits in 165 of the 172 infants, seven children developed signs of cerebral palsy. The incidence of spastic diplegia in infants with a birth weight below 1500 gm was 2.4%. The favourable outcome seems to be at least partially due to the early high caloric feeding. PMID- 7366591 TI - [X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata (author's transl)]. AB - Chondrodysplasia punctata displays genetic heterogeneity. The differentiation between the rhizomelic type and the Conradi-Hunermann type is well known. In 1977, an X-linked dominant form was described as a third type. The syndrome of X linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata includes skeletal, ocular and cutaneous anomalies with asymmetric involvement of the body. The cutaneous signs and symptoms are characteristic: congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma with linear and patchy hyperkeratoses; ichthyosis in the older child; linear and blotchy atrophoderma mainly involving the hair follicles; circumscribed alopecia; coarse, lusterless and irregularly twisted hair; sparse eyebrows and lashes that grow in various directions; flattened nail plates and onychoschizia. A further case of X linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata is reported. The ratio of females to males is so far 40:0. Apparently, the underlying gene defect is lethal in male embryos. The linear and patchy pattern of skin lesions reflects functional X chromosome mosaicism. PMID- 7366590 TI - [Diagnosis of pancreatic insufficiency with fluorescein dilaurate in patients with cystic fibrosis (author's transl)]. AB - The tubeless pancreas-function test with fluorescein dilaurate, which is based on the saponification of the test substance by pancreas-specific arylesterases, and which has proved itself in adults, was given to children for the first time. After reduction of the size of the test dose and the amount of liquid to be drunk, there were no difficulties in carrying out the test. Elimination of the fluorescein released from the flourescein dilaurate and excreted via the kidneys was clearly less in patients with cystic fibrosis than in normal subjects. Thus, the test in its modified form for children can provide adequate differentiation between normal and pathological pancreas function. PMID- 7366592 TI - [The tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrom. Four cases in 3 generations (author's transl)]. AB - The tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome is a rare anomaly characterized by typical cranio-facial dysmorphic signs and anomalies of hair and phalanges. Frequently associated are Perthes-like hip changes, low birth weight and short stature. Autosomal-dominant inheritance is prevalent. PMID- 7366593 TI - [Note on the article by H. Stolley, C. Schlage and W. Droese: "Nitrate Content in Carrots for the Infant during the 1st Months of Life"]. PMID- 7366594 TI - Chemically-induced transmissible abnormalities in sperm-head shape. AB - The characteristics controlling sperm-head shape are carried on the autosomes. The effects on the progeny of alterations in this genome can be measured. Chemically-induced transmissible genetic damage in mice has been measured by assessment of the incidence of abnormal sperm among the progeny of CBA mice (of either sex) that have been treated with mutagens prior to mating with BALB/C mice. PMID- 7366595 TI - Mutagenic specificity of N4-hydroxycytidine. AB - The mutagenic specificty of (oh)4Cyd was examined with T4rII phage mutants which allow for discrimination between AT yields GC and GC yields AT base transitions. AT yields GC transitions were induced with a frequency 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than GC yields AT transitions. The mechanism of this preferential transition pathway is discussed in the light of base-analogue mutagenesis. PMID- 7366596 TI - Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral lymphocytes in workers occupationally exposed to epichlorohydrin. AB - Peripheral lymphocytes of 3 groups of adult subject (28 workers occupationally exposed for 4 years to epichlorohydrin [ECHH], 34 matching controls and 21 subjects of the general population (control group) were cytogenetically analysed. In total, 11 806 metaphases were scored. The following frequencies of aberrant cells (bearing mostly chromatid and chromosome breaks) were detected in individual groups: ECHH-exposed group 3.12%; matching controls 2.06%; general population control group 1.33%. The results seem to indicate that even the concentration of 1 mg ECHH/m3 was capable of increasing the frequency of aberrant cells in the occupationally exposed group of workers. PMID- 7366597 TI - Cell cycle kinetics of PHA-stimulated muntjac lymphocytes (in vitro). II. Effect of different concentrations of BrdU on cell-cycle progression. PMID- 7366598 TI - Chromosomal radiosensitivity of human leucocytes in relation to sampling time. AB - Frequencies of chromosomal abberations after irradiation with X-rays of peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro were determined at different times after initiation of cultures. In each culture, the kinetics of cell multiplication was followed by using BrdU labelling and differential staining of chromosomes. The results indicate that the mixing up of first and second cell cycle cells at later sampling times cannot explain the observed variation in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations but that donor-to-donor variation is a predominant factor influencing yields of aberrations. The condition of a donor seems to be most important because repeats on the same donor also showed marked variability. PMID- 7366599 TI - DNA repair and survival in UV-irradiated chicken-embryo fibroblasts. AB - The role of the pyrimidine dimer in cell killing, DNA synthesis and repair has been studied by utilizing the light-requiring DNA-repair mechanism of photo reactivation in UV-irradiated chicken-embryo fibroblasts. Survival, as measured by colony-forming ability at 41 degrees C, is increased in cells left in the light. The initial inhibition of DNA synthesis by UV is much less in light treated cells, and levels reach that of unirradiated controls much faster than when the cells are left in the dark. The number of endonuclease-sensitive sites (dimers) measured by an assay with a crude extract from M. luteus, rapidly decreases as the cells are allowed to photoreactivate. However, in the dark, significant amounts of repair also occur, but at a much lower rate and with a lag phase of several dark- and light-treated cells, confirming the finding that some amount of excision repair occurs that is light-independent. When survival is examined as a function of the number of dimers present, the dimers, not the non dimer products, appear to be responsible for cell killing. In this study, the removal of dimers in vivo by photoreactivation has made it possible to demonstrate directly that dimers are primarily responsible for the deleterious effects of UV on DNA synthesis and survival. PMID- 7366600 TI - Evidence of a threshold X-ray dose for sensitizing stem-cell spermatogonia of the mouse to the induction of chromosomal translocations by a second larger one. AB - The effect of different small conditioning doses of X-rays on the production of reciprocal translocations in stem-cell spermatogonia of the mouse (scored in spermatocytes) by a second larger dose have been examined. Fractionation regimes of 25 + 975 R, 50 + 950 R, 75 + 925 R and 100 + 900 R, all with 24 h between the fractions, were applied. The size of the first fraction strongly affected the frequency of induced translocations by the second one, and a kind of threshold dose, somewhere between 75 and 100 R existed for conditioning the spermatogonial population: the translocation yield after 25 + 975 R was 3.3%, after 50 + 975 R it was 5.0%, and after 75 + 925 R it was 5.1%; whereas 100 + 900 R resulted in 16.1% translocations. It is difficult to explain this observed threshold effect by known biological processes so far held responsible for the conditioning effect. PMID- 7366601 TI - The micronucleus test as part of a short-term mutagenicity test program for the prediction of carcinogenicity evaluated by 143 agents tested. AB - To evaluate the usefulness of the micronucleus test as a short-term assay for the detection of carcinogens, the correlation between micronucleus test data for 143 chemicals and corresponding cancer data, has been analyzed. For comparison, analogous data from Ames's test have also been collected for the same chemicals. In a comparison of the micronucleus test and Ames's test it was found that they had about the same specificity (around 80%) and predictive value (around 90%), while there was a significant difference in sensitivity in favor of Ames's test. The difference in sensitivity could be partly explained by differences in metabolizing capacities of these two test systems. It is concluded that a more elaborate test procedure for the micronucleus test would increase that sensitivity of this test. The principal value of the micronucleus test lies in the fact that it is an in vivo method, which may pick up effects at the chromosomal level not covered by bacterial assays. This is emphasized by the finding that the combination of Ames's test and the micronucleus test did increase the sensitivity of the screening procedure for the prediction of carcinogenic effects. PMID- 7366602 TI - Comparison between in vitro and in vivo tests for carcinogenicity. An overview. AB - There are examples of short-term prescreening tests for carcinogenicity that fail to agree with the results of animal bioassays. Factors which may lead to such discordant results are discussed in terms of the present understanding of the mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis and the quality of the results obtained in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7366603 TI - Tubular aggregates in murine dystrophy heterozygotes. AB - Heterozygous dystrophic mice (strain 129 ReJ dy/+) were studied to determine the morphological changes that are characteristic of the heterozygote state. The morphology of the muscle in 35 heterozygotes (+/?) was compared with that of 35 homozygotes (dy/dy) and 20 normal controls (+/+). Muscle was examined with light microscopy, standard histochemical techniques, and electron microscopy. Few abnormalities were detected with light microscopy or with histochemistry. With electron microscopy, some slight nonspecific evidence of muscle damage in the form of focal myofibrillar degeneration was seen in all of the heterozygotes. The striking abnormality, however, was the presence of tubular aggregates in type 2 fibers in 60% of the heterozygotes. Tubular aggregates were not found in homozygous dystrophic mice or in normal controls. The significance of this finding is discussed and it is suggested that tubular aggregates may represent lateral sac dilatation and infolding. PMID- 7366604 TI - Recovery from central core degeneration of the tenotomized rat soleus muscle. AB - The soleus muscle of the rat undergoes degenerative changes after tenotomy. The effects are maximal one week postoperatively, after which follows a period of recovery. Muscle histology eventually returns to normal six week after tenotomy. Recovery is effected by means of peripheral myofibril splitting and de novo synthesis of myofibrils within the central portion of the fiber. PMID- 7366605 TI - Neuralgic amyotrophy manifesting as anterior interosseous nerve palsy. AB - Neuralgic amyotrophy may present as a picture of anterior interosseous nerve palsy. In such a case, rather than a lesion of the nerve in the forearm, we offer indirect evidence of a lesion in the brachial plexus affecting discrete fiber bundles destined to form the anterior interosseous nerve. PMID- 7366608 TI - Superiority of the flexible to the rigid sigmoidoscope in routine proctosigmoidoscopy. PMID- 7366606 TI - Autosomal recessive generalized myotonia. AB - Four cases of autosomal recessive generalized myotonia are reported. Attention is drawn to the fact that this condition represents a disease entity distinct from the myotonia congenita of Thomsen, which is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. The clinical features of the two conditions are similar, apart from minor quantitative differences. The family history is the major tool for the differential diagnosis. The possibility of the detection of heterozygotes by electromyography is discussed. PMID- 7366607 TI - Skeletal muscle within the spinal leptomeninges of the mouse. PMID- 7366609 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 17-1980. PMID- 7366610 TI - Exercise as protection against heart attack. PMID- 7366611 TI - Runaway temporary pacemaker. PMID- 7366612 TI - Abuse of coronary arteriography. PMID- 7366614 TI - Photographs in charts. PMID- 7366615 TI - Immune complexes in minimal-change glomerulopathy. PMID- 7366613 TI - Abuse of coronary arteriography. PMID- 7366617 TI - Regionalization of surgical services. PMID- 7366616 TI - HLA-DR antigen and IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) PMID- 7366618 TI - Regionalization of surgical services. PMID- 7366620 TI - Career expectations of women and men in medical school. PMID- 7366619 TI - Regionalization of surgical services. PMID- 7366621 TI - Odds against medical-school admission exaggerated. PMID- 7366622 TI - Subjective vs. objective evaluation of clinical clerks. PMID- 7366623 TI - Erythrocyte adherence to endothelium in sickle-cell anemia. A possible determinant of disease severity. AB - We studied 33 patients with sickle-cell anemia to examine the possible relation between the severity of their disease (frequency of microvascular occlusions) and the abnormal adherence of sickle erythrocytes to cultured human endothelium. Neither clinical severity nor erythrocyte adherence correlates significantly with red-cell indexes, hemoglobin concentration, percentage of irreversibly sickled red cells, level of fetal hemoglobin, or reticulocyte count. However, clinical severity and erythrocyte adherence are strongly correlated (rank correlation coefficient = +0.666; P less than 0.001). These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that abnormal interactions between erythrocytes and endothelium may be the initiating factor in the development of microvascular occlusions in sickle cell anemia. PMID- 7366624 TI - Surgical management of Crohn's colitis. PMID- 7366625 TI - High-altitude pulmonary edema in persons without the right pulmonary artery. PMID- 7366626 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercise. Case 18-1980. PMID- 7366627 TI - Pulmonary edema--hypoxia and overperfusion. PMID- 7366628 TI - Exacerbation of intermittent claudication by propranolol. PMID- 7366629 TI - Gynecomastia from exposure to vaginal estrogen cream. PMID- 7366630 TI - Thymosin alpha 1 in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7366631 TI - Journal's review of My Body, My Health criticized. PMID- 7366633 TI - Journal's review of My Body, My Health criticized. PMID- 7366632 TI - Journal's review of My Body, My Health criticized. PMID- 7366634 TI - Regionalization of trauma care. PMID- 7366635 TI - The threshold approach to clinical decision making. AB - The physician's estimate of the probability that a patient has a particular disease is a principal factor in the determination of whether to withhold treatment, obtain more data by testing, or treat without subjecting the patient to the risks of further diagnostic tests. Using the concepts of decision analysis, we have derived expressions for two threshold probabilities involved in this choice: a "testing" threshold and a "test-treatment" threshold. Values can be assigned to these thresholds from data on the reliability and potential risks of the diagnostic test and the benefits and risks of a specific treatment. Treatment should be withheld if the probability of disease is smaller than the testing threshold, and treatment should be given without further testing if the probability of disease is greater than the test-treatment threshold. The test should be performed (with treatment depending on the test outcome) only if the probability of disease is between the two thresholds. The method exposes important principles of decision making and helps the clinician develop a rational, quantitative approach to the use of diagnostic tests. PMID- 7366637 TI - The radiologist intervenes. PMID- 7366636 TI - Reduction in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in children with increased lead absorption. PMID- 7366638 TI - Food allergy--material and ethereal. PMID- 7366640 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias associated with disopyramide. PMID- 7366639 TI - Vitamin D and calcium hormones in pregnancy. PMID- 7366641 TI - Measuring the quality of medical care: second revision of tables of indexes. PMID- 7366642 TI - The rat poison Vacor. PMID- 7366643 TI - The rat poison Vacor. PMID- 7366644 TI - The rat poison Vacor. PMID- 7366645 TI - Nodules in irradiated thyroids. PMID- 7366646 TI - Nodules in irradiated thyroids. PMID- 7366648 TI - In vitro study of drug-induced granulocytopenia. PMID- 7366649 TI - Hemotropic bacteria. PMID- 7366647 TI - Nodules in irradiated thyroids. PMID- 7366651 TI - Immoral and moral uses of animals. PMID- 7366650 TI - Blind internist passes board exam. PMID- 7366652 TI - Immoral and moral uses of animals. PMID- 7366653 TI - Immoral and moral uses of animals. PMID- 7366654 TI - Immoral and moral uses of animals. PMID- 7366655 TI - Immoral and moral uses of animals. PMID- 7366656 TI - Acute coronary insufficiency - coronary occlusion after intermittent ischemic attacks. AB - We used angiography in a prospective study of the coronary circulation in patients with acute coronary insufficiency. Reversible ST-T changes during the acute illness corresponded anatomically with severely narrowed coronary arteries (80 to 95 per cent stenosis). Angiograms repeated four months later showed new complete occlusions in nine of 30 severely stenotic arteries. Eight of the new occlusions occurred in severely narrowed arteries previously correlated with regional ST-T changes. Six patients had myocardial infarctions, five of which corresponded with the site of a new occlusion. These results provide indirect evidence that the acute coronary-insufficiency syndrome commonly represents intermittent transient coronary-artery occlusion and a threat of new permanent occlusion of the same artery. Myocardial infarction in these patients appeared to occur as a complication of the new occlusion. PMID- 7366657 TI - An inherited abnormality of neutrophil adhesion. Its genetic transmission and its association with a missing protein. AB - Neutrophils from a five-year-old boy with recurrent bacterial infections failed to spread on surfaces, leading to a severe defect in chemotaxis and a mild impairment in phagocytosis. Failure to spread was also seen in a fraction of the neutrophils from the patient's mother and sister, but cells from his father and brother were normal. Gel electrophoresis revealed that a protein with a molecular weight of 110,000 daltons (designated gp 110) present in the particulate fraction of normal neutrophils was absent from the patient's cells, and that its levels were below normal in cells from his mother and sister but normal in neutrophils from his father and brother. These findings suggest that gp 110 is necessary for the spreading of neutrophils onto surfaces, that the functional abnormality in the patient's cells is caused by its absence, and that deficiency of gp 110 is an X-linked congenital disease. PMID- 7366658 TI - Increased bronchoalveolar IgG-secreting cells in interstitial lung diseases. PMID- 7366662 TI - Should mild hypertension be treated with drugs? PMID- 7366659 TI - Balloon embolization for treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. PMID- 7366660 TI - First class. PMID- 7366661 TI - Should mild hypertension be treated with drugs? PMID- 7366663 TI - Should mild hypertension be treated with drugs? PMID- 7366664 TI - Radiation risks from nuclear power exaggerated. PMID- 7366665 TI - Radiation risks from nuclear power exaggerated. PMID- 7366667 TI - Are the case records obsolete? PMID- 7366666 TI - Psychologic stress and duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7366668 TI - Are the case records obsolete? PMID- 7366670 TI - Are the case records obsolete? PMID- 7366669 TI - Are the case records obsolete? PMID- 7366671 TI - Are the case records obsolete? PMID- 7366672 TI - Unnecessary duplication of publication. PMID- 7366673 TI - Cholestyramine promotes receptor-mediated low-density-lipoprotein catabolism. AB - We studied the influence of cholestyramine (24 g per day) on receptor-mediated and receptor-independent low-density-lipoprotein catabolism in five women with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Cholestyramine lowered the level of circulating low-density-lipoprotein apoprotein by doubling (P less than 0.01) its fractional clearance via the receptor path, but fractional catabolism by the receptor-independent route remained unchanged. Moreover, although the absolute rate of catabolism of the apoprotein was not affected by treatment, the amounts handled by each pathway altered. Catabolism via the physiologically controllable receptor route increased by 71 per cent (P less than 0.05), but there was a 12 per cent drop in clearance by the nonreceptor pathway. These data demonstrate the utility of cholestyramine in promoting low-density-lipoprotein catabolism via its specific physiologic clearance pathway. They also show that heterozygotes with familial hypercholesterolemia can increase the activity of their low-density lipoprotein receptors when presented with an appropriate stimulus. PMID- 7366675 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 21-1980. PMID- 7366674 TI - Shattuck Lecture--Contemporary biomedical ethics. PMID- 7366676 TI - Here come the women. PMID- 7366679 TI - Cancer of the breast. PMID- 7366678 TI - Cancer of the breast. PMID- 7366677 TI - Cancer of the breast. PMID- 7366681 TI - Cancer of the breast. PMID- 7366680 TI - Cancer of the breast. PMID- 7366682 TI - Cancer of the breast. PMID- 7366683 TI - Vasodilator therapy for pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7366684 TI - Vasodilator therapy for pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7366685 TI - Celiac disease and schizophrenia. PMID- 7366686 TI - Double quotidian fever caused by carbamazepine. PMID- 7366687 TI - New-dialyzer syndrome. PMID- 7366688 TI - Euthyroid, familial hyperthyroxinemia. PMID- 7366689 TI - Wolfram syndrome and HLA. PMID- 7366691 TI - Occasional notes. Korotkoff's sounds. PMID- 7366690 TI - Waterskier's enema. PMID- 7366693 TI - Real-time ultrasonography. Diagnostic technique of choice in calculous gallbladder disease. AB - We used high-resolution real-time ultrasonography to examine the gallbladder in patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of gallbladder disease. Using this noninvasive technique, the physician can examine the gallbladder and related anatomy thoroughly in less than five minutes. The technique is much easier to learn and perform than gray-scale ultrasonography. In 313 patients in whom gallstones were later confirmed at cholecystectomy or autopsy, the ultrasound examination achieved an accuracy of 96 per cent in the evaluation of cholelithiasis. Five examinations gave false-negative results, one a definite false-positive result, and two possible false-positive results; six examinations were inadequate. The sensitivity of the method was 98 per cent, and the specificity was between 93.5 and 97.7 per cent. In 124 patients evaluated prospectively by means of both ultrasound and oral cholecystography, the ultrasound study revealed calculi in five patients in whom calculi were not demonstrated on an adequate oral cholecystogram. No calculus detected with oral cholecystography was missed by ultrasound. We believe that ultrasound should replace oral cholecystography as the first technique in evaluation of the patient with suspected gallbladder disease. PMID- 7366692 TI - Cholesterol crystals and the formation of cholesterol gallstones. AB - To examine the relation of cholesterol crystallization to the formation of gallstones, gallbladder bile was obtained by means of duodenal intubation in 54 patients (eight with asymptomatic gallstones) and from 17 patients undergoing cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis. Hepatic bile was obtained from nine patients with common-duct stones. Bile samples were examined for cholesterol monohydrate crystals and analyzed to determine the percentage of cholesterol saturation. Intubation in the eight patients with asymptomatic gallstones revealed a cholesterol saturation of 142 +/- 42 per cent (mean +/- S.D.) and crystals in five patients. Crystals were absent in the other 36 patients with supersaturated bile (cholesterol saturation, 166 +/- 44 per cent) and in the 10 patients with undersaturated bile (cholesterol saturation, 81 +/- 24 per cent). In the 26 patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis or common-duct stones, crystals were not seen in the bile of the seven patients with pigment stones but were present in the bile of all 19 patients with cholesterol stones. (In some cases crystals appeared only after 24 to 48 hours of incubation.) Cholesterol crystallization is probably a prerequisite for the formation of cholesterol gallstones; however, many subjects have no crystallization despite marked supersaturation. PMID- 7366694 TI - Law-medicine notes. The managements of psychiatric patients: courts, patients' representatives, and the refusal of treatment. PMID- 7366695 TI - Cholesterol nucleation and growth in gallstone formation. PMID- 7366696 TI - Remission of cerebellar dysfunction after pneumonectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7366697 TI - Remission of cerebellar dysfunction after pneumonectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7366698 TI - Management of pituitary adenomas. PMID- 7366699 TI - Platelet activation and myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7366700 TI - Incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7366701 TI - Incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7366702 TI - Incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7366704 TI - The hospice challenge. PMID- 7366703 TI - The hospice challenge. PMID- 7366705 TI - Medical technology and medical costs. PMID- 7366706 TI - The hospice challenge. PMID- 7366708 TI - Medical technology and medical costs. PMID- 7366707 TI - The hospice challenge. PMID- 7366709 TI - Medical technology and medical costs. PMID- 7366710 TI - Ambulatory medical care. PMID- 7366711 TI - Ambulatory medical care. PMID- 7366712 TI - Ambulatory medical care. PMID- 7366714 TI - Tabulations of 1977 case reports. PMID- 7366713 TI - Ambulatory medical care. PMID- 7366715 TI - Eleventh hour for biotechnology in Britain. PMID- 7366716 TI - No conclusion on low level lead hazards. PMID- 7366717 TI - Iron, plasmids and infection. PMID- 7366718 TI - Are abundant proteins less variable? PMID- 7366720 TI - Caenorhabditis genetics center. PMID- 7366719 TI - Growth hormone: deletions in the protein and introns in the gene. PMID- 7366721 TI - A DNA cloning system for interspecies gene transfer in antibiotic-producing Streptomyces. PMID- 7366722 TI - 2H NMR study of molecular motion in collagen fibrils. AB - Collagen was labelled through tissue culture with [3,3,3-d3]alanine. 2HNMR spectra were obtained of the labelled collagen as fibrils and in solution using the quadrupolar echo technique for solids. The 2H NMR data were analysed in terms of a model for reorientation in which the molecule is considered to jump between two orientations in a time which is short compared to the residence time in each site, and short compared to (delta vq)-1. The best fit of the data indicates that the collagen molecule in the fibrils experiences reorientation about its long axis over an angular range of approximately 30--40 degrees. The T2 for [3,3,3 d3]alanine-labelled collagen fibrils is estimated to be approximately 110 mus. PMID- 7366723 TI - Role of the blastocoele microenvironment in early mouse embryo differentiation. AB - During preimplantation development, the mouse embryo differentiates into an outer layer of cells, the trophectoderm, and an inner group, the inner cell mass. Tarkowski and Wroblewska proposed that this differentiation depends on the position of blastomeres in the morula, with outside cells giving rise to trophectoderm and inside cells producing the inner cell mass. This epigenetic hypothesis has been confirmed by other studies in which blastomere position was altered at the 4-cell of 8-cell stage, thus demonstrating the totipotency of the blastomeres at these stages. It was recently found that the inner cell mass of the early blastocyst is also totipotent and can form trophectoderm when isolated by immunosurgery. Because inner cells apparently become committed during the time that they are exposed to the distinct microenvironment of the blastocyst, we postulated that diffusible components or other factors in the blastocoele may have a role in the commitment of cells in the inner cell mass. We report here results, obtained by injecting donor cells into host blastocysts, showing that totipotent cells exposed only to blastocoele fluid differentiate into morphologically normal blastocysts, whereas those in contact with the blastocyst's inner surface do not. PMID- 7366724 TI - Calcium transients in mammalian muscles. AB - Contraction of vertebrate skeletal muscle is caused by calcium ions released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (see refs 1, 2 for reviews). The ensuing transient change in the intracellular level of ionised calcium has been monitored using various Ca2+ indicators, sich as murexide, aequorin, and arsenazo III. So far, most of what is known about these calcium transient derives from experiments on barnacle or frog muscles fibres, and it is desirable to extend such studies to mammalian muscle. We report here that the photoprotein aequorin can be used to monitor calcium transients in rat and human muscles, and that the transients decay more quickly in fast contracting muscle fibres. PMID- 7366725 TI - A plasmid associated with virulence in the marine fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum specifies an iron-sequestering system. AB - Many of the high-virulence strains of the marine fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum isolated from epizootics of the widespread fish disease vibriosis, harbour a specific plamid class which is absent from low-virulence strains. Curing experiments have confirmed a link between this specific plasmic class and the ability of V. anguillarum to establish infections. In general, all bacterial virulence factors promote growth in the antagonistic environment of the host defence mechanisms. One line of defence is provided by the proteins transferrin and lactoferrin, which bind iron, rendering it unavailable to pathogens. A mechanism whereby invading bacteria may successfully compete for the otherwise unavailable iron could therefore become crucial in enabling them to proliferate in body fluids and tissues. I report here evidence which shows that the V. anguillarum virulence plasmid specifies a very efficient iron-sequestering system enabling bacteria to survive in conditions of limited iron availability. PMID- 7366726 TI - Study of haem structure of photo-deligated haemoglobin by picosecond resonance Raman spectra. AB - It is well known that the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin depends on the number of combined oxygen molecules. This cooperative effect is considered to arise from a reversible protein transition between two forms which differ in tertiary and quaternary structure. However, the various steps of the structural changes concerning the protein and the haem have not been identified. Using time-resolved spectroscopy coupled to flash photolysis, we have attempted to elucidate the influence of protein on the relaxation processes of haem in haemoglobin. We now report our first results obtained in a picosecond time-resolved resonance Raman study of haemoglobin. PMID- 7366727 TI - Transient Raman study of CO-haemoprotein photolysis: origin of the quantum yield. PMID- 7366728 TI - Correlation of IR spectroscopic, heat capacity, diamagnetic susceptibility and enzymatic measurements on lysozyme powder. AB - The interaction between protein and water is of fundamental importance for processes ranging from protein folding and enzymatic activity to anhydrobiosis. In this letter we bring together results from diverse types of measurements to give a unified picture of the hydration process for lysozyme. The data come principally from experiments with protein films and powders. The principal aim is to examine the relationship between the sites of water interaction, the extent of coverage, and the enzymatic activity, thus providing a better understanding of the relationship between water and enzyme dynamics. PMID- 7366729 TI - Polydipsia after intracranial injections--a property of NGF or a contaminant? PMID- 7366730 TI - Comparing the diets of laboratory animals. PMID- 7366731 TI - Selfish DNA: the ultimate parasite. AB - The DNA of higher organisms usually falls into two classes, one specific and the other comparatively nonspecific. It seems plausible that most of the latter originates by the spreading of sequences which had little or no effect on the phenotype. We examine this idea from the point of view of the natural selection of preferred replicators within the genome. PMID- 7366732 TI - Dopaminergic nerve endings visualised by high-resolution autoradiography in adult rat neostriatum. PMID- 7366733 TI - Role of NK cells in tumour growth and metastasis in beige mice. AB - Although natural killer (NK) cells are thought to give the host a spontaneous resistance against tumours and have been postulated to act in vivo as surveillor cells, definitive data in support of these hypotheses has not been obtained. Recently the beige (bg) mouse, a morphological homologue of the human Chediak Higashi (CH) syndrome, was shown to be deficient in NK activity. Specifically, spleen cells of bg mice were demonstrated to be incapable of in vitro natural cytotoxicity against tumour cells. We report here that a tumour line, modified to be sensitive to NK cytotoxicity by in vitro culture, demonstrated in vivo an increased growth rate, faster induction time and an increased metastatic capability in bg compared to control mice. This was not found with a tumour line insensitive to NK activity (without in vitro culture). In vivo activation of NK cells in bg and control mice resulted in a decrease in tumour growth rate and metastatic frequency. These results demonstrate that NK cells have an important function in the host's control of tumour growth and metastasis. PMID- 7366734 TI - Low natural in vivo resistance to syngeneic leukaemias in natural killer deficient mice. PMID- 7366736 TI - Coordinately expressed members of two chorion multi-gene families are clustered, alternating and divergently orientated. PMID- 7366735 TI - Vitamin C preferential toxicity for malignant melanoma cells. AB - Vitamin C has been suggested and disputed as an anti-cancer agent. For cells in culture, no preferential effect against any type of cancer has yet been demonstrated. Our aim here is to show that vitamin C is selectively toxic to at least one type of malignant cell--a melanoma--at concentrations that might be attained in humans. Copper ions react with ascorbate and generate free radicals in solution. Ascorbate when combined with copper rapidly reduces the viscosity of DNA solutions and has exhibited some carcinostatic effects on transplanted sarcoma 180 tumours in mice. We reasoned that the elevated copper concentration in melanoma could result in a more selective toxicity for ascorbate. PMID- 7366737 TI - Recombination of human influenza A viruses in nature. AB - In 1977, a unique event occurred in the epidemiology of influenza when a virus of the influenza A (H1N1) subtype, similar to a virus that had occurred in 1950, reappeared and caused worldwide epidemics but did not replace the prevailing influenza A (H2N2) subtype. Consequently, the two viruses co-circulated throughout the world and mixed infection of some individuals with both virus strains was detected, raising the possiblitity that recombination between the two strains might affect the future epidemiological behaviour of influenza. Serological analysis of virus isolates from influenza outbreaks during the winter of 1978-79, however, failed to detect any antigenic hybrids (H2N1 or H1N2). The investigation described here, was therefore, undertaken to detect recombinants among recent isolates of the H1N1 and H3N1 serotypes, involving genes coding for other than the surface proteins by RNA-RNA hybridisation. We report here the genetic characterisation of recombinants of both antigenic types. PMID- 7366738 TI - The role of neuronal and extraneuronal systems in the metabolism of adrenaline and noradrenaline released from nerve terminals by electrical stimulation. PMID- 7366739 TI - Apamin, a nonspecific antagonist of smooth muscle relaxants. AB - Apamin, a peptide of bee venom, was shown to inhibit the relaxant responses of guinea-pig taenia caeci to ATP, noradrenaline, adenosine and, less effectively, to stimulation of noradrenergic inhibitory nerves. Thus apamin acts nonspecifically and, contrary to the suggestion of Vladimirova and Shuba (1978), the fact that inhibitory responses due to nerve stimulation and ATP are blocked by the toxin does not allow conclusions as to the possible transmitter role of ATP in these nerves. PMID- 7366740 TI - A mathematical model representing the extraneuronal O-methylating system of the perfused rat heart. AB - 1. A mathematical model was developed to mimic the function of the extraneuronal O-methylating system of the rat heart. Its essential features are: a saturable uptake process (uptake 2), a saturable, intracompartmental enzyme (COMT), the ability of the catecholamine to penetrate the membrane of the model compartment by a diffusional flux obeying first-order kinetics, and the ability of the metabolite to leave the compartment by an efflux obeying first-order kinetics. 2. Of the six kinetic constants of the model compartment five are known from experiments with hearts perfused with 3H-isoprenaline (Kmuptake, Vmaxuptake, Vmaxenzyme, k for amine, k for metabolite); only one constant is unknown (Kmenzyme) for the intact heart cells. 3. Results calculated with the help of the mathematical model were compared with results obtained from rat hearts perfused with 3H-isoprenaline. Although full congruency of results cannot be expected, there was satisfactory agreement between the two sets of results. Apparently, the mathematical model is able to simulate the function of the O-methylating system of the rat heart. 4. Comparison of the two sets of results leads to a definition of the function of the O-methylating system of the perfused rat heart. if all cells of the rat heart participate in the O-methylating system, the Km of the COMT of intact heart cells must be very low (i.e., somewhere between 2 and 5 microM isoprenaline). However, if the O-methylating system comprises only a small fraction of all cells, the COMT of the intact heart cells may well have a correspondingly higher Km. PMID- 7366741 TI - Influence of monoamine oxidase inhibition on the release of 3H-dopamine elicited by potassium and by amphetamine from the rat substantia nigra and corpus striatum. PMID- 7366742 TI - Lysosomal stabilizing effects of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in the hypoxic liver. PMID- 7366743 TI - The metabolism of 7-ethoxycoumarin in primary maintenance cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. AB - 7-Ethoxycoumarin is metabolized to 7-hydroxycoumarin in short-term (1-4 days) maintenance cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. The 7-hydroxycoumarin is predominantly found as the sulphate and glucuronic acid conjugates. This pattern of metabolism is very similar to that observed with freshly-isolated rat hepatocytes and suggests that the culture system may be of value in studying the metabolism of novel chemicals designed for human therapeutic use. The specific activity of microsomal monooxygenase activity falls by 50-60% during 4 days in culture. This is not reflected by the sulphate and glucuronic acid conjugation pathways which are retained at normal levels throughout the entire 4-day culture period. PMID- 7366744 TI - Characteristics of tyramine induced release of noradrenaline: mode of action of tyramine and metabolic fate of the transmitter. PMID- 7366745 TI - Uptake of 3H-demethylphalloin by isolated hepatocytes in the presence of various concentrations of phalloin or phalloidin. AB - The uptake of trace amounts of 3H-demethylphalloin (3H-DMP) by isolated hepatocytes was studied in the presence of various concentrations of unlabeled demethylphalloin (DMP), of phalloin and of phalloidin. The addition of phalloidin (or phalloin) reduces the uptake of 3H-DMP more than the addition of the equivalent concentration of DMP. The error caused by dilution of 3H-DMP with phalloin or phalloidin is not constant and depends on the concentration of the unlabeled compound. The relative differences between the uptake of 3H-DMP in the presence of demethylphalloin and in the presence of either phalloin or phalloidin cannot be explained by a competitive model. Some consequences for the use of 3H DMP in toxicokinetic experiments are discussed. PMID- 7366746 TI - [A patient with a dermatosis resembling pemphigus vulgaris in the course of chronic lymphatic leukemia]. PMID- 7366747 TI - [Jaw and cheek bone fractures in children between 0 and 10 years of age]. PMID- 7366748 TI - [Bladder transsection: a method for the treatment of enuresis nocturna in adults]. PMID- 7366749 TI - [Lhermitte's sign in lesions of the thoracic vertebrae]. PMID- 7366750 TI - [6 years of monitored transportation of heart patients]. PMID- 7366751 TI - [Ambulance and lay assistance in myocardial infarct in the 80s]. PMID- 7366752 TI - [Ileus or perforation as initial symptom in colon and rectum carcinoma]. PMID- 7366753 TI - [Origin of bacteria in bile; a prospective bacteriological study]. PMID- 7366754 TI - [Colon and rectum carcinoma; a retrospective study]. PMID- 7366756 TI - [The virus in the school of Bovensmilde, May 1977]. PMID- 7366755 TI - [Uterus extirpation, a major intervention]. PMID- 7366757 TI - [Chronic subphrenic abscess]. PMID- 7366758 TI - [A special case of gallstone ileus]. PMID- 7366759 TI - [Clinical significance of an elevated mean corpuscular volume]. PMID- 7366760 TI - [For or against curettage in suspicion of extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 7366761 TI - [Mass screening for congenital hypothyroidism in newborn infants in a test area]. PMID- 7366762 TI - [A study of the causes of sleep disorders in young children]. PMID- 7366763 TI - [Bromine; obsolete and yet...]. PMID- 7366764 TI - [Is aplastic anemia an autoimmune disease?]. PMID- 7366765 TI - [A case of impotence due to grief]. PMID- 7366766 TI - [The foreskin]. PMID- 7366767 TI - [Sexual activity following surgery for prostatic hypertrophy]. PMID- 7366768 TI - [Sex following heart infarct]. PMID- 7366769 TI - [Sexual activity and coronary disease]. PMID- 7366770 TI - [Re-evaluation of masturbation]. PMID- 7366772 TI - An approach to rural health care delivery. PMID- 7366771 TI - Tricyclic antidepressant overdose: clinical and cardiovascular features. PMID- 7366774 TI - Neonatal resuscitation. PMID- 7366773 TI - When your patient sees flashing lights. PMID- 7366775 TI - My specialty: neurology. PMID- 7366776 TI - [Excitatory effect of atropine on frog sympathetic ganglia]. AB - Depolarization accompanied by an increase in the membrane conductance produced by atropine was studied in frog sympathetic ganglion neurons after activation of the receptors with different cholinomimetics. Atropine perfusion caused excitatory effects if perfusion with acetylcholine or with a mixture of suberildicholine and 5-methylfurmethide has been performed beforehand, i.e. an activation of both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors has taken place. After preceeding activation of nicotinic receptor with suberildicholine or muscarinic receptor with 5 methylfurmethide atropine caused no changes in electric properties of the membrane. It is supposed that atropine, acting on receptors changed after the action of agonists, can evoke their activation. PMID- 7366777 TI - [Morphophysiologic indices of the effects of focused ultrasound on the structure of frog brain]. AB - Threshold doses of focused ultrasound necessary for destroying frog brain tissue were determined. Impulsed ultrasound did not destroy the tissue even when its energy exceeded the destroying energy dose of unbroken ultrasound more than twice. Morphological and physiological changes depended more on the time of ultrasound action than on its intensity. PMID- 7366778 TI - [Associative connections of the parietal region of the cerebral cortex in cats]. AB - The interneuronal connections of the parietal associative cortex were studied in cat using the methods of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and terminal degeneration (Fink-Heimer). Data on laminar topography of the afferents within area 7, and the nature of axonal terminals from visual, auditory and somatic sensory fields of cortex were obtained. The places of concentration of associative neurons and their morphological characteristic are described. PMID- 7366779 TI - [Cochleotopic organization of the secondary auditory region of the cerebral cortex in cats]. AB - The cochleotopic organization of the second auditory cortex (AII) was investigated by means of focal potentials evoked by direct electrical stimulation of the cochlea in cats under nembutal anesthesia. It is shown that there are two independent projections of cochlea in AII. One of them is located in the dorsocaudal region of AII and the other--in ventrorostral one. These projections differ in the size and order of cochlear representation. The significant variability of cochlear representation in the auditory cortex was found. The analysis of the projectional maps shows that different cochlear regions are represented in the AII nonproportionally. The basal region projects to the larger cortical square than both the middle and the apical ones. It is suggested that basal cochlear coil is more important for perception and primary analysis of the auditory information. PMID- 7366782 TI - [Quantitative morphologic characteristics of developing brain stem reticular formation neurons]. AB - The paper presented results of a quantitative Golgi study of developing neurons of the brain stem reticular nuclei of prenatal and newborn kittens. Age of prenatal animals was 45-55 days, that of newborns 1-5 and 30 days. The neurons were divided into sparsely ramified reticular and densely ramified multipolar giant ones. The quantitative morphological data were obtained by measuring cellular sizes, number, length and degree of branching of dendrites and general cell branching. The neurons of both kinds had different parameters and special features of their maturation. A higher degree of branching was observed in the fetus. Foci of maximal dendrite branching were localized in proximal and distal portions of dendrites in the fetus and 30-day old kittens, and only in proximal portions in the infant kitten. An attempt was made to correlate morphological and electrophysiological properties of the neurons under study. PMID- 7366781 TI - [Descending and ascending influences on zona incerta neurons]. AB - The characteristics of neuronal activity of the Zona Incerta were compared after stimulation of the amygdala and central grey substance in acute experiments with rats. It is shown that the central grey substance stimulation produced activation in 86% neurons; the amygdaloid stimulation--inhibition in 64%. The convergence of impulses from the amygdala and central grey substance was observed in 58 of 174 reactive neurons. 57% of cells showed antagonistic convergent effects. Functional interrelations in system amygdala--Zona Incerta--central grey substance and the role of the antagonistic influences descending from the amygdala and ascending from central grey substance on neurons of the Zone Incerta are discussed. PMID- 7366783 TI - [Mechanism of temperature sensitivity of ampulla of Lorenzini electroreceptors]. AB - In acute experiments on the Black sea skates (Raja clavata) the transepithelial potential of Lorenzinian ampullae and impulse activity of their single nerve fibres were studied during electrical and thermal stimulation. The potential inside the canal and input resistance of the ampulla were 0 divided by -2 mV and 250-400 k omega respectively. Heating of the capsule was accompanied by a negative wave of the potential, an increase in the ampulla resistance and a decrease in spike frequency. Cooling of the preparation caused the opposite changes in the parameters. Waves of the transepithelial potential are supposed to reflect changes in the potential difference across the basal membrane of a receptor cell, which is hyperpolarized by heating. PMID- 7366780 TI - [Reactions of caudate nucleus neurons to presentation of acoustic clicks to cats in a chronic experiment]. AB - Background and evoked activities of the caudate nucleus neurons to repetitive auditory clicks were recorded extracellularly in chronic experiments with partial restrained cats. Four types of background neuronal activity were distinguished. 44% of recorded units altered their background activity during auditory click applications. Five types of neuronal responses were found: phasic activation, phasic inhibition, tonic activation, tonic inhibition, mixed tonic reactions. Tonic activation was predominant. The phasic responses persisted under prolonged presentation of clicks. Partial or total attenuation of tonic responses during frequent repetition of clicks occurred in 33% of responding units. The question is discussed on the convergence of specific and unspecific influences on the caudate nucleus neurons. PMID- 7366784 TI - [Electron microscopic analysis of the adrenergic nerve endings of the caudal mesenteric ganglion in cats]. AB - The ultrastructure of nerve terminals in the cat inferior mesenteric ganglion was studied under fixation with 4% LiMnO4 solution according to the Richardson method modified by Hokfelt et al. This type of fixation is shown to be suitable in demonstrating, along with cholinergic terminals, numerous adrenergic endings. Four types of adrenergic organelles are revealed in the ganglion neurons; small and large granular vesicles 30-50 and 70-90 nm in diameter, respectively, tubular reticulum with electron-dense contents, and very small granular vesicles 15-20 nm in diameter. The localization of the adrenergic terminals and their relationships with other processes and cells of the inferior mesenteric ganglion are examined in detail. The origin and physiological role of the adrenergic nerve terminals in the ganglion are discussed. PMID- 7366785 TI - [Effect of changes in the strength and frequency of stimulation of the infraorbital nerve on neuronal activity in the primary somatosensory region of the cat cerebral cortex]. AB - Neuronal activity in the SI cortical area (vibrissae projection zone) was recorded in acute unanesthetized cats during electrical stimulation of infraorbital nerve with different intensity and frequency. Substantial changes in response patterns were found in many neurons when intensity of stimulation was increased to 5 fold threshold. Most neurons of the studied area were able to reproduce stimulation frequency not more than 20-30 per s. During rhythmic stimulation the initial inhibitory phase of response in some neurons changes to excitatory one, in others the response pattern remains unchangeable. PMID- 7366786 TI - Carcino-embryonic antigen 1970--1980. PMID- 7366787 TI - Changes in the activity of SGOT and other enzymes after haemodialysis. Evidence of haemoconcentration as major cause. PMID- 7366788 TI - Experiences with the antihypertensive drug minoxidil. PMID- 7366789 TI - Comments on the aetiology of indirect traumatic thrombosis of the internal carotid (a study of 22 cases). AB - A group of 22 patients with internal carotid thrombosis following head injuries, admitted to hospital during the last decade is discussed, particularly as regards the relationship between trauma and thrombosis seen from the aetiological, diagnostic and medico-legal aspects. PMID- 7366790 TI - [Medulloblastoma and cerebellar sarcoma. A histological follow-up (author's transl)]. PMID- 7366791 TI - Intracranial air following subdural haematoma drainage with delayed recovery. AB - Continued brain moulding following drainage of a chronic subdural haematoma is associated with a poor prognosis. Two cases of bilateral frontal lobe collapse associated with massive intracranial air are reported. Recovery was prolonged but satisfactory. PMID- 7366792 TI - Anticonvulsant activity of cyclopentano amino acids. AB - The hypothesis that certain amino acid analogues possessing a five-membered ring structure or amino acid analogues that can be viewed as fragments derived from such a ring would have anticonvulsant activity was proposed and tested. The compounds 1-aminocyclopentane carboxylic acid, 1-amino-3-methylcyclopentane carboxylic acid, 3-aminotetrahydrothiophene carboxylic acid, and alpha aminoisobutyric acid were found to protect rats against seizures in the maximal electroshock test but offered no protection against metrazol- (pentylenetetrazol) induced seizures in mice. The structural feature of this class of anticonvulsants that allows for hydrophobic interactions at the receptor site is considered to be a major physical factor necessary in promoting the activity of this class of anticonvulsants. PMID- 7366794 TI - Measurement of mouse brain glucose utilization in vivo using [U-14C]glucose. AB - The rate of [2-14c]glucose uptake has been used as an indication of the status of energy consumption by the rat brain, but the cost of this radiolabel can be prohibitive and the surgical manipulation involved in published methods is extensive. A method for measuring glucose utilization in vivo in mouse brain with [U-14C]glucose is described in this article. Glucose consumption in whole mouse brain obtained with [U-14C]glucose or [2-14C]glucose was 0.650 +/- 0.022 -and 0.716 +/- .036 nmol/mg/min, respectively. In all instances the rate obtained with the uniformly labeled isotope was somewhat lower than that found with [2 14C]glucose. The rate of glucose utilization measured with either isotope was significantly depressed in sodium pentobarbital anesthetized mice. The method described here is advantageous because [U-14C]glucose is substantially less expensive than [2-14C]glucose and surgical intervention is avoided. PMID- 7366793 TI - Influence of diet on the acyl composition of phospholipids in endothelial cells and mitochondria of rat brain. AB - The effect of diet on phospholipid acyl groups of rat brain endothelial cells and mitochondria and of liver was determined. Rats were fed high-protein diets with a 4:1 linoleate/linolenate ratio but with 4.4%, 1.9%, or 0.8% of the caloric content provided by these essential fatty acids (cal % EFA) or were fed a fat free diet. In capillary endothelial cells the greatest change occurred in the plasmalogen ethanolamine fraction, there being a significant reduction in the n-3 series of acyl groups and increase in the n-9 series as the cal % EFA was reduced. Other phospholipid fractions changed little. More pronounced changes occurred in brain mitochondria and liver phospholipids. The small changes in capillary endothelia with cal % EFA are in contrast to the great changes produced by a change in the linoleate/linolenate ratio. As the ratio is reduced, there is a progressive increase in the n-3 series in all phospholipid fractions. PMID- 7366795 TI - Compositional changes in soluble proteins of cerebral mantle, cerebellum, and brain stem of rat brain during development: a two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis. AB - Soluble proteins from the cerebral mantle, cerebellum, and brain stem of rat brains were analyzed at various developmental stages by a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technique. The electrophoretic technique resolved the soluble proteins into 100--150 polypeptide spots on two-dimensional gels and gave reproducible and highly resolved profiles of them. Although most of major polypeptides were commonly found in all the three brain regions, some polypeptides were shown to be unique to a specific brain region. Each brain region was different in the electrophoretic profile of soluble proteins at every developmental stage examined, although there was considerable similarity in the profiles of each of the three brain regions in fetal animals (16--17 days), indicating that soluble proteins undergo different compositional changes in each of the three brain regions during postnatal development. In addition, the number of polypeptide spots on the electrophoretic profile increased remarkably during postnatal development in all of the three brain regions, suggesting that soluble proteins become more heterogeneous during postnatal development in each of the three brain regions. PMID- 7366796 TI - Stress-induced depression of motor activity correlates with regional changes in brain norepinephrine but not in dopamine. AB - This experiment examined how inescapable tail shock alters the level of dopamine and norepinephrine within various brain regions of the rat and the relationship of these changes to the depression of motor activity produced by the shock. Following exposure to tail shock that is known to interfere with acquisition of active behavioral tasks, animals were briefly tested for spontaneous motor activity and then sacrificed for neurochemical measures. Norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the frontal cortex, brain stem, striatum, olfactory tubercle, hypothalamus, hippocampus, septum, and amygdala were measured by a sensitive radioenzymatic technique. Exposure to 45 min of tail shock did not alter motor activity significantly, but shock sessions of 60 and 75 min duration produced a marked decrease in motor activity. Levels of dopamine were found to be very little changed in all brain regions studied except for the hypothalamus, in which a substantial rise in dopamine level was observed. Norepinephrine levels, in contrast, fell in many brain regions in response to shock. The fall in norepinephrine levels observed in two brain regions was significantly correlated with the decline in motor activity (brain stem r = +0.70, hypothalamus r = +0.60). These data suggest that deficits in active motor behavior produced by shock parameters similar to those used in this study may reflect concomitant disturbances of noradrenergic function in specific brain regions. PMID- 7366797 TI - Evidence for a similar compartmentation of recaptured and endogenously synthesized dopamine in striatal synaptosomes. AB - The aim of the present study was to compare the release pattern of [3H]dopamine ([(3H]DA) originated from [3H]tyrosine or by uptake in striatal synaptosomes. Synaptosomes prelabeled either with [3H]DA or with [3H]tyrosine were superfused in three conditions stimulating DA release by different mechanisms: (1) depolarization with high K+ (2) inversion of the NA+ gradient across the plasma membrane; (3) exposure to d-amphetamine. Since DA contained in different pools may exit from nerve endings by different processes, DA release was analyzed in the presence or in the absence of nomifensine which allows discrimination between carrier-mediated and carrier-independent processes. The pattern of DA release in the three conditions tested was idential, whether [(3)H]DA originated from synthesis or from uptake. Nomifensine did not affect the high-K+-induced release and inhibited that induced by the other two stimuli. The results suggest that newly synthesized and recaptured DA have similar compartmentation in nerve endings. PMID- 7366798 TI - On the turnover of polyamines spermidine and spermine in mouse brain and other organs. AB - The apparent biological half-lives of spermidine and spermine in mouse brain and other organs were determined by measurement of the specific radioactivities of these compounds over long periods of time. The endogenous polyamine pools were labeled by repeated intraperitoneal injection of [1,4-14C]putrescine.2HCl, [2 14C]D,L-methionine, [2-3H]L-methionine and S-adenosyl-[2-3H]L-methionine. Repeated injection were given to ensure labeling of both fast and slow polyamine pools. It was shown that the two parts of the polyamine molecules which derive from ornithine and methionine have significantly different life spans, especially in the brain. Actual turnover rates of polyamines could not be determined because of the active interconversion between spermine and spermidine, and between spermidine and putrescine. The observed reutilization of putrescine originating from spermidine degradation for spermidine biosynthesis, and the analogous reutilization of spermidine in spermine biosyntehsis is discussed with respect to its physiological significance and its relationship to cellular organization. PMID- 7366800 TI - GABA metabolism in Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus infection. AB - Mice infected with the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus showed a significant decrease in the GABA content of cerebral hemispheres. Activity of the enzyme which synthetizes GABA, glutamate decarboxylase, is also reduced in whole cerebral hemispheres, neostriatum, and frontal cortex of infected animals, as compared to values obtained from the same regions of control mice. No significant difference was demonstrated in the activities of GABA transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and NAD-malate dehydrogenase in any of the regions studied. The results suggest that the viral infection produced an alteration in the mechanism of GABA synthesis. PMID- 7366799 TI - A simple reproducible cell-free system for measuring brain protein synthesis. AB - A simple, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible cell-free assay system for studying brain protein synthesis is described. This system uses small amounts of brain postmitochondrial supernatant, making it a convenient screening test when only small amounts of tissue are available. It showed over 95% dependence on Mg2+ and on an energy source. Optimal incorporation occurred under the following conditions: Mg2+ 3 mM; ATP, 0.6 mM; GTP, 0.6 mM; high K+, greater than or equal to 25 mM; Low Na+, less than or equal to 15 mM; pH 7.1-7.5. The rate of amino acid incorporation did not vary with leucine concentrations in vitro up to 1 mM, which obviated the need to measure endogenous leucine concentrations. PMID- 7366801 TI - Influence of subcutaneous deposits of melatonin on the antigonadotrophic effects of blinding and anosmia in male rats. A dose-response study. AB - 23-day-old male rats were left intact, rendered blind and anosmic, pinealectomized together with blinding and anosmia, or subcutaneously implanted with graded doses of melatonin in beeswax immediately following surgical blinding and anosmia. 5 weeks later, blind, anosmic animals were found to have significantly depressed anterior pituitary, testicular, and accessory sex organ weights. Both pituitary and plasma prolactin and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were also significantly suppressed. Pinealectomy of blind, anosmic animals completely restored testicular and accessory organ weights. Likewise, pituitary LH and prolactin and plasma LH levels were also restored to intact control levels by pineal removal. Only the highest dose of melatonin (1 mg) restored the testicular and accessory sex organ weights to those of the intact controls. As little as 1 microgram melatonin restored plasma and pituitary LH concentrations to the levels of the intact controls. However, none of the dosages of melatonin reversed plasma prolactin concentrations to those of the untreated animals. The decrease in pituitary prolactin induced by blinding and anosmia was reversed by pinealectomy or by the lower doses (1, 50 or 100 micrograms) of melatonin. These results indicate that melatonin can reverse the antigonadotrophic effects of blinding and anosmia in male rats. The minimal dose of melatonin required to restore testicular and accessory sex organ weights in blind, anosmic rats is 1 mg implanted subcutaneously in beeswax. PMID- 7366802 TI - An inability of subcutaneous vasopressin to affect passive avoidance behavior. AB - The effects of subcutaneous injections of vasopressin on the passive avoidance behavior of rats were investigated in an extensive study. 200 male Wistar rats were tested in a step-through passive avoidance task. The animals were assigned randomly to 1 of 20 experimental groups consisting of five vasopressin injection and four shock level conditions. Each animal was trained to enter a dark compartment, then subjected to 0.25, 0.10, 0.05 mA or no foot shock for 2 sec. 60 min prior to a retention test administered 24 h after the foot shock, each animal was given a single injection of 0.30, 0.12, 0.06, or 0.03 IU of vasopressin or of saline. Time to reenter the shock compartment was tested 24 and 48 h after the foot shock. Latencies in both retention tests indicated that, although there was a significant effect of shock level on latency scores, there was no effect of vasopressin with any dose level tested. The inability to find an effect of vasopressin in this study is contrary to results of other studies. Several factors, including general reactivity of the animals or the distribution system for vasopressin in the brain, might provide the underlying reason for these dramatic differences. PMID- 7366803 TI - Traumatic dissection of the extracranial internal carotid artery. AB - Six cases of traumatic dissection of the extracranial carotid artery that were all treated conservatively are reported. The initial trauma was believed to be an intimal tear caused by severe stretching of the artery over the process of a cervical vertebra due to sudden hyperextension and lateral flexion of the neck to the opposite side. No clinical evidence of neck trauma was present, but one patient had roentgenographic evidence of cervical spine fracture. Four-vessel angiography was diagnostic in all six patients and was useful during follow-up in the four in whom it was done. PMID- 7366805 TI - Incidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in neurosurgical patients. AB - In 100 patients who underwent major cranial or spinal operations, the incidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis was 29%. Of importance was the presence of known risk factors, particularly leg weakness and a long operation. The subject of deep vein thrombosis and its complications in neurosurgical disorders is reviewed and its prophylaxis is discussed. The administration of low dose heparin based on an epidemiological analysis of the risks involved would seem to be an effective method of prophylaxis. PMID- 7366804 TI - Combined embolization and operation in the treatment of cervical arteriovenous malformations. AB - The effectiveness of a combined approach of embolization and operation for cervical vascular malformations is stressed. Lesions that seem to be inoperable may have their blood flow sufficiently reduced by preoperative embolization to allow surgical extirpation. Polyvinyl alcohol foam is an ideal embolic agent; not only may it be used preoperatively, but its permanency allows it to be used for primary therapy. PMID- 7366807 TI - Precise preoperative localization of intracranial mass lesions. AB - A simple technique for planning the surgical approach to intracranial mass lesions is described. This is done by marking the "shadow" of the mass directly onto the scalp of the patient when the computerized tomographic scan is performed. PMID- 7366806 TI - "Nautral" canine model of infantile hydrocephalus. AB - A review of the current knowledge about a variety of aspects of infantile hydrocephalus suggests that one cause of this problem is subarachnoid blood from birth trauma interacting with an anatomically immature cerebrospinal fluid absorbing system. To test this hypothesis and to create a model that could be used to devise various methods of prophylaxis and therapy, we injected autologous blood into the cisterna magna of puppies, followed the size of their ventricles with serial computerized tomographic (CT) scans, and evaluated the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) appearance of the ventricular walls and subarachnoid space. By injecting blood until the dogs were just at the point of apnea, we obtained a 46% incidence of hydrocephalus with a 13% mortality rate. The amount of blood accepted was variable. The size of the ventricles was followed with CT scans; the time course of hydrocephalus was variable, and in some cases it resolved. SEM revealed significant regional, free cell aggregation and calcification, especially over the base of the brain, which was most marked in the animals that developed hydrocephalus. This suggests a more marked reaction or a lesser ability to clear the subarachnoid blood in those animals, although the reason for this is not clear. Possible uses for this model are suggested. PMID- 7366808 TI - Acute central cervical spinal cord syndrome caused by missile injury: case report and brief review of the syndrome. AB - The authors present the second reported case of acute central cervical spinal cord syndrome caused by a missile injury. A low caliber, low velocity bullet penetrated the spinal cord posteroanteriorly at C-2, C-3 in the midline, producing quadriplegia and respiratory failure. Within 3 months the patient was ambulatory. Because such a good outcome is possible, patients with similar injuries should be supported vigorously. Injury to the central cervical spinal cord seems to produce a constant syndrome irrespective of the specific nature of the primary injury. The literature on this syndrome is briefly reviewed. PMID- 7366809 TI - Delayed intracerebral hematoma due to traumatic aneurysm caused by a shotgun wound: a problem in prophylaxis. AB - A delayed traumatic intracerebral hematoma was seen in a patient after a shotgun wound to the brain. The cause of the hemorrhage seemed to be a traumatic aneurysm. Both complications are reviewed, and it is suggested that clinical and intracranial pressure monitoring should lead to early diagnosis and may minimize the effects of this problem and that angiography may be appropriate early in the course of patients who have had fragments pass near intracranial vessels. PMID- 7366810 TI - Failure of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass in acute middle cerebral artery occlusion: case report. AB - Extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass procedures provide important augmentation of collateral circulation to cortical areas rendered potentially ischemic by therapeutic occlusion of major branches of the circle of Willis. Although the case studies reported to date in general reflect positively on this use of the bypass procedure, this report of a patient who failed to tolerate acute middle cerebral artery occlusion despite the presence of a patent superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery branch anastomosis points up several of the practical and theoretical limitations of this therapeutic approach. Certain modifications of the timing of the bypass procedure, the selection of donor and recipient arteries, and the mechanics of intracranial arterial occlusion may allow a wider application of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass in this therapeutic setting. PMID- 7366811 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea as a presentation of pituitary adenoma. AB - We report a patient with a pituitary adenoma who presented with only cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. A radiologically unrecognized defect in the floor of the sella was observed at operation. PMID- 7366812 TI - Pharmacokinetic aspects on once-daily nortriptyline administration. AB - Steady state nortriptyline plasma levels have been studied in 21 endogenously depressed patients treated with a single 150-mg morning dose and compared to theoretical curves, calculated from previously known kinetic data. Fairly good agreement between predicted and experimentally found concentrations was observed. The fluctuation between maximal and minimal drug levels within the dosage interval was found to be more pronounced than with a t.i.d. dosage regimen, but still limited (mean ratio = 1.54; range = 1.0--2.16), and the minimum levels (mean = 102 ng/ml; range 46--250 ng/ml) were well compatible with published t.i.d. data. The biological half-life (mean = 39 h; range 24--86 h) agreed well with previously published data for volunteers. It is concluded that once-daily administration of nortriptyline results in relatively flat concentration curves as one would expect from the kinetic features of the drug. The clinical outcome is discussed in a separate paper. PMID- 7366813 TI - Therapeutic effect and side effects in patients with endogenous depression treated with oral nortriptyline once a day. AB - Out of 24 patients with endogenous depression, 21 completed the treatment with nortriptyline 150 mg as once-a-day dosage. The therapeutic effect was good and at any rate not inferior to that of dosages several times a day. Side effects were only little pronounced and at any rate not more marked than after dosages several times a day. Out of regard for the administrative and psychological advantages of the once-a-day dosage this form should be preferred, not least in the out-patient treatment with nortriptyline of endogenous depression. PMID- 7366814 TI - ECG changes during treatment with nortriptyline in a once-a-day dosage. AB - In 21 patients suffering from endogenous depression and given nortriptyline 150 mg/day for 4 weeks in a once-a-day dosage an electrocardiographic study was made with ECG recordings at different times during the treatment. At the same time the plasma concentration of nortriptyline was determined. During the treatment the heart rate increased significantly, both at the minimum and the maximum concentration of nortriptyline. At the maximum concentration the PQ interval increased significantly. None of the patients developed an A-V block. 3 patients developed extrasystoles. None of the patients had severe subjective symptoms. All finished the trial as planned. There was no correlation between the plasma concentration of nortriptyline and the increase in heart rate. The trial revealed no serious cardiac influence during treatment with nortriptyline in a once-a-day dosage. PMID- 7366815 TI - Plasma prolactin during treatment with nortriptyline. AB - The plasma concentrations of prolactin and nortriptyline were determined in 17 patients with endogenous depression treated for 4 weeks with nortriptyline once a day. None of the patients developed galactorrhoea. A moderate but statistically significant increase (about 25%) in the plasma prolactin was found after 3 weeks of treatment. There was no correlation between the plasma levels of prolactin and of nortriptyline. The results indicate that nortriptyline does not belong to the group of psychotropics which produce considerable increases in the plasma concentration of prolactin. PMID- 7366816 TI - Visual asymmetries with chimeric faces. PMID- 7366817 TI - Ear asymmetry for the perception of monaurally presented words accompanied by binaural white noise. PMID- 7366818 TI - Computational dissociation of two vocabulary types: evidence from aphasia. PMID- 7366819 TI - Reading disability: spatial frequency specific deficits in visual information store. PMID- 7366820 TI - Lateralization effects in musical decision tasks. PMID- 7366821 TI - Hand position during writing, cerebral laterality and reading: age and sex differences. PMID- 7366822 TI - Hemispheric asymmetry for auditory perception of temporal order. PMID- 7366823 TI - Differential right hemisphere engagement in visuospatial tasks. PMID- 7366824 TI - The restricted effects of right-hemisphere lesions after age one; Wechsler test data. PMID- 7366825 TI - "Blindsight": improvement of visually guided eye movements by systematic practice in patients with cerebral blindness. PMID- 7366826 TI - Lateralization of linguistic and melodic processing with age. PMID- 7366828 TI - The effect of experimenter location and subject anxiety on cerebral activation as measured by lateral eye movements. PMID- 7366827 TI - Factors affecting the sense of familiarity with cue-elicited responses in amnesic patients. PMID- 7366829 TI - Contrasting performance of right- and left-hemisphere patients on short-term and long-term sequential visual memory. PMID- 7366831 TI - Inverted handwriting position, language laterality, and the Levy-Nagylaki genetic model of handedness and cerebral organization. PMID- 7366830 TI - Witelson's dichhaptic task as a measure of hemispheric asymmetry in deaf and hearing populations. PMID- 7366832 TI - Duplication of the internal carotid artery. PMID- 7366833 TI - Anomalous origin of the posterior meningeal artery from the internal carotid artery. PMID- 7366834 TI - Anomalous origin of the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries from the internal carotid artery. AB - Two cases of the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries originating from the cavernous and precavernous segments of the internal carotid artery are reported. In one case the course of the anomalous artery was confirmed by autopsy. This anomalous artery is considered to be a variant of persistent primitive trigeminal artery. The clinical significance is disussed briefly. PMID- 7366835 TI - Remarks about the paper by H.J. Gelmers: adverse side effects of metrizamide in myelography. PMID- 7366837 TI - Intracranial meningioma presenting as a mass in the neck. AB - A meningioma demonstrating unusual anatomical and clinical manifestations is described. This intracranial tumor originated in the petrous region and extended into the neck, the patient remaining neurologically asymptomatic for nearly 2 years. The radiological features of this tumor as well as a review of the pertinent literature are presented. PMID- 7366836 TI - Complications of cerebral angiography. Comparing metrizamide (Amipaque) and meglumine metrizoate (Isopaque Cerebral). AB - The complications of cerebral angiography have been carefully recorded in 308 patients referred for cerebral angiography during one year, 1977--1978. The patients were randomly sampled for metrizamide or meglumine metrizoate as contrast medium according to a code list, and the two contrast media were compared using a double blind technique. The frequency of complications was the same for metrizamide and meglumine metrizoate. Metrizamide had the advantage that it caused no discomfort in selective external carotid angiography, while this was a problem with meglumine metrizoate. The study seemed to indicate that factors other than toxicity of the contrast medium are of major importance to explain the complications of cerebral angiography. PMID- 7366838 TI - Bone scan and angiography for orbitofrontal cholesterol granuloma. AB - A case of a cholesterol-containing granuloma of the orbit studied by bone scanning and selective carotid angiography is presented. Bone scanning with 99mDisphosphonate disclosed a solitary focus of intense activity in the right orbitofrontal region. On the selective angiogram of the right external carotid artery a faint vascular blush was found in the orbital wall. PMID- 7366839 TI - Changes in the incorporation of [3H]fucose into rat hippocampus after acquisition of a brightness discrimination reaction. An electrophoretic study. PMID- 7366840 TI - Transient increase in forebrain muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding following passive avoidance learning in the young chick. PMID- 7366841 TI - Protein synthesis in rat telencephalon slices: high amounts of newly synthesized protein found in association with brain capillaries. PMID- 7366842 TI - The thalamic projection to cortical area 17 in a congenitally anophthalmic mouse strain. PMID- 7366843 TI - Biochemical evidence for gamma-aminobutyrate containing fibres from the nucleus accumbens to the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in the rat. PMID- 7366844 TI - The neurological basis of striatally induced head-turning in the rat: the effects of lesions in putative output pathways. PMID- 7366845 TI - Superposition of motor programs--I. Rhythmic forearm movements in man. PMID- 7366846 TI - Superposition of motor programs--II. Rapid forearm flexion in man. PMID- 7366847 TI - Spontaneous potentials and fine structure of identified frog denervated neuromuscular junctions. PMID- 7366848 TI - [Aneurysms of the left ventricle. Clinico-radiological aspects]. PMID- 7366850 TI - [Function of the left ventricle in pure pulmonary stenosis]. PMID- 7366849 TI - [Early diagnosis of heart rupture during acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7366851 TI - [Incidence of valve calcifications in 200 patients with mitral valve disease]. PMID- 7366852 TI - [The contribution of phleboscintiscanning with albumin macroaggregates labeled with 99mTc to the diagnosis of thrombosis of the lower limbs]. PMID- 7366854 TI - [Evaluation of hemodynamic parameters after administration of nifedipine in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 7366853 TI - [Spontaneous rehabilitation of the patient with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7366855 TI - [Treatment of the sick sinus syndrome with permanent cardiac stimulation]. PMID- 7366856 TI - [Post-traumatic arteriovenous fistulas of the deep femoral artery. Our experience with 2 cases]. PMID- 7366857 TI - [Specialization in anesthesia and resuscitation]. PMID- 7366858 TI - [Subarachnoid alcoholic neurolysis in the treatment of spastic paraparesis]. PMID- 7366859 TI - [Lumbar epidural anesthesia in peripheral arteriography]. AB - A brief survey of the difficulties associated with the intra-arterial administration of contrast media during peripheral arteriography is followed by an assessment of anaesthesiological and arteriographic results obtained with lumbar peridural anaesthesia in a group of patients. Complete analgesia, block of the sympathic, and motor block gave particular assistance in the securing of optimum definition of the radiographical picture of the peripheral circulation. These and other advantages offered by peridural anaesthesia suggest that it is a valid technique for peripheral arteriography. PMID- 7366860 TI - [Iatrogenic aspects of general anesthesia]. AB - Accidents during anaesthesia may be clinical or technical. To avoid the latter, stress is laid on the by no means new concept that techniques and handling must fit contingent requirements and that they may be dangerous as much for their inadequate as for their excessive use. PMID- 7366862 TI - [Symposium on the "Possibilities of use of acupuncture and electroacupuncture in anesthesiology-resuscitation and therapy of pain". Rapallo, 14--15 October 1978]. PMID- 7366864 TI - [Round-table discussion: Modern means of control of pain. Introduction]. PMID- 7366863 TI - [Lumbar epidural anesthesia as an alternative to sacral epidural block]. AB - After describing the various sacral epidural techniques and discussing the problems involved in performance of this type of analgesic block a series of 178 operations carried out in the sacral and coccygeal innervation areas by means of lumbar epidural anaesthesia is reported. After comparing the two techniques in the light of personal clinical experience, lumbar epidural anaesthesia is considered a valid alternative to sacral epidural anaesthesia because it is safer, simpler and has a smaller percentage of failures. Some technical measures to obtain analgesic diffusion towards the caudal areas are reported and radiological demonstration given of some of them. PMID- 7366861 TI - [Cardiac contusion in closed injuries of the thorax]. AB - Cardiac contusion is a fairly frequent clinical event in closed chest traumas. The diagnostic problems it involves influence prognosis in these patients and, in effect, prevention, speedy recognition and early treatment of the complications of cardiac contusion are essential for therapy. Here the incidence of cardiac contusion in a group of patients with closed chest trauma is analysed and the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are examined. PMID- 7366865 TI - [Anatomo-functional aspects of pain sensitivity]. PMID- 7366866 TI - [Local anesthetics and antalgic therapy]. PMID- 7366867 TI - [Percutaneous drainage of the biliary tract by puncture with a fine needle]. AB - Temporary pre-operative and post-operative as well as permanent palliative percutaneous biliary-tract drainage was performed in 12 patients with biliary tract obstruction; in three the drainage was internal and in nine external. Main indication of the method is permanent palliative decompression in cases of inoperable malignant tumour with obstructive jaundice. Pre-operatively, percutaneous biliary tract drainage serves as a temporary measure in order to perform an operation after decompression of the biliary tract and improving the patient's general condition. The only serious complication was biliary peritonitis after a drainage catheter had slipped out. PMID- 7366868 TI - [Biliary ileus with colonic localization]. PMID- 7366870 TI - [The colonosphincterometrogram (CSMG). An original method of simultaneous study of the motility of the left colon and of the anal sphincters]. AB - Colonsphinctorometrography (CSMG) is a new, original method for the simultaneous investigation of the motility of the descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectosigmoid junction, rectum, and internal and external anal sphincters. A 60 cm open-ended tip sound with an external diameter of 10 mm is used. Three 3 cm long stimulating balloons are located at points 15 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm along its length. A basal recording is taken for about 15 min with the patient absolutely at rest. The balloons are then inflated to measure the kinetic responses of colon and anal sphincters to stimuli of different volume. In addition to offering a pressure recording for the left colon and internal sphincter, the method also provides an EMG for the external sphincter and a pneumogram. PMID- 7366869 TI - [Right hypogastric artery steal syndrome caused by a traumatic aneurysm of the gluteal artery with consequent ischemic necrosis of the foot]. AB - A case of aneurysm of the right gluteal artery with ischaemia of the lower limb due to a recent hypogastric steal syndrome is reported. Attention is drawn to the unusual nature of this finding and its aetiopathogenesis is discussed. Reference is made to the clinical and therapeutic aspects of the case, and the soundness of surgical procedure, which brought about a cure. PMID- 7366872 TI - [Sliding hiatal hernia treated with the Dor technic]. PMID- 7366871 TI - [Problems in reconstruction of digestive continuity in demolition surgery of the stomach]. AB - The commonest stomach demolition techniques and the chances of re-establishing digestive continuity following gastric exersis are examined. The physiological consequences of gastric surgery - gastric, pancreatic and biliary consequences - are discussed. After analysing general and specific operating complications, early and late postoperative complications and general and metabolic complications, the paper closed with a presentation of the results of a reassessment of 1415 gastroduodenostomies carried out using the same technique over a period of eight years by three teams directed and controlled directly or indirectly by Prof. G. Brancadoro. PMID- 7366873 TI - [Lymphatic mesenteric cysts]. PMID- 7366874 TI - [Multiple carcinomas of the colon and rectum]. AB - 23 cases of multiple adenocarcinoma of the large intestine, 14 of them synchronous and 9 metachronous have been analysed. These represent 2.78% of all colon-rectum cancers (825) operated on during the period between 1958 and 1979 in the Surgery Division of the Turin General Hospital directed by Prof. C. Colombo. The classification, anatomo-pathological picture, and surgical treatment are presented, stress being laid in particular on pathogenetic hypotheses of multiple cancer of the large intestine. PMID- 7366875 TI - Interposition of the tendon of the long head of biceps in fracture separation of the proximal humeral epiphysis. AB - Three cases of interposition of the tendon of the long head of biceps and anterior periosteum occurring in fracture separating in the proximal humeral epiphyseal cartilage plate are recorded. The operative findings are described and the treatment briefly discussed. PMID- 7366876 TI - Early experiences with magnetic rings in resection of the distal colon. AB - We have developed an anastomosis technique for resection of the distal colon based on the principle of submucosal layer apposition. The anastomosis apparatus consists of two rings of Ertalyte (polyester-polyethyleneterephtalate) containing two magnetic rings of polymer bonded rare earth cobalt. For low anastomoses we developed a magnetic ring holder, protecting cap and hexagonal connecting rod. The working principle is based on progressive compression leading to necrosis of the intermediate mucosal and submucosal layers by increasing magnetic force while bowel healing takes place. After 7 to 17 days the magnets cut through and are propelled by peristalis out of the anastomotic region. From our initial series of five patients we performed three sigmoid resections and two low anterior resections. There were no postoperative complications. Sigmoidoscopic and radiological investigations two weeks postoperatively, showed no evidence of leakage or anastomotic narrowing. The technique and the special advantages of the apparatus are discussed. PMID- 7366877 TI - Spontaneous peritonitis in a patient with cirrhosis of the liver and ascites. AB - The syndrome of spontaneous peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and ascites is discussed on the basis of a case history, with special reference to the diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of this syndrome. PMID- 7366878 TI - Yersiniosis as a surgical disease. AB - An infection with Yersinia strains may develop with the picture of acute appendicitis. Laparotomy will then not reveal an acutely inflamed appendix, but will often show mesenteric lymphadenitis or acute terminal ileitis. These conditions have been observed in four patients. The differential diagnostic possibilities are discussed. It is pointed out that acute terminal ileitis is practically never transformed into chronic terminal ileitis (Crohn's disease). PMID- 7366879 TI - A false aneurysm of the external iliac artery following double cup arthroplasty of the hip. AB - The case is reported of a 78-year-old woman with a false aneurysm of the external iliac artery following double cup arthroplasty of the left hip. Possible causes of the false aneurysm are discussed and the importance of its early recognition is stressed. PMID- 7366880 TI - [Evaluation of ultrasonic diagnosis in gynecology]. PMID- 7366881 TI - [Fetal ultrasonic biometry of the small-for-date fetus]. PMID- 7366882 TI - [318 deliveries performed with neuroleptoanalgesia (NLA)]. PMID- 7366883 TI - [Effects of the Nifuratel-Nystatin combination in local therapy of cervico vaginal inflammatory diseases]. PMID- 7366884 TI - [Considerations on iron metabolism in pregnancy]. PMID- 7366885 TI - [Pregnancy in women previously treated with conization of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 7366886 TI - [Importance of hemorrhoidal pathology in gynecology and obstetrics]. PMID- 7366887 TI - [Re-acutized latent toxoplasmosis as a demonstrated cause of current abortion and probable cause of preceding abortive pregnancies and fetal death. Study of a case]. PMID- 7366888 TI - [A case of vesicovaginal fistula caused by a foreign body]. PMID- 7366889 TI - [Polyps of the cervical canal]. PMID- 7366890 TI - [Clinico-statistical considerations on the surgical treatment of malignant pathology in old age]. PMID- 7366891 TI - [Anatomo-surgical problems in Wertheim's radical hysterectomy]. PMID- 7366892 TI - Smoking and health: the role of the obstetrician and gynecologist. PMID- 7366893 TI - Management of sickle cell disease in pregnant patients. AB - Data from a total of 74 pregnancies in 42 patients with sickling disorders seen at Johns Hopkins Hospital are compared with similar data from other centers. Although risks are still higher than those for women without sickle cell disease, they have diminished significantly from those reported earlier. Prophylactic transfusion therapy may decrease these risks further, but benefits of transfusion are unproved at present. Patients with sickling disorders should receive meticulous individualized treatment until further data are made available. PMID- 7366894 TI - Roll over test. AB - Eighty-eight primigravidas underwent a roll over test performed according to the method suggested by Gant. A single individual performed the tests, and the results were withheld from the physician taking care of the patient. After delivery, 14 cases were excluded for various reasons, and, of the remaining 74 patients, 27 had negative results. Of these, 19 (70.4%) results were true negative and 8 (29.6%) were false negative. Forty-seven patients had a positive roll over test, of whom 35 (74.5%) did not develop hypertension in pregnancy and 12 (25.5%) did. The authors' results did not confirm the reliable predictive ability of the roll over test as reported by Gant and other investigators. PMID- 7366895 TI - Risk of labor abnormalities with advancing maternal age. AB - The relationship between maternal age and the frequency of dysfunctional labor patterns was assessed retrospectively in a population of 6248 gravid women. A significant correlation between age and protraction disorders was observed in nulliparas. This could not be accounted for by patterns of anesthetic use, and it is speculated that a decrease in myometrial efficiency may accompany aging during the reproductive years. PMID- 7366896 TI - Macrosomia--maternal, fetal, and neonatal implications. AB - Perinatal morbidity and mortality are known to be higher for the macrosomic neonate whose birth weight is 4500 g or more, compared with that of appropriate weight term-size neonates. In a retrospective study comparing 287 macrosomic neonates with 284 appropriate-weight term-size neonates, we found that macrosomia occurred in 1.3% of our annual deliveries, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.3:1. Factors that occurred significantly more frequently in the mothers of macrosomic infants were maternal obesity, multiparity, diabetes mellitus, and previous delivery of an infant heavier than 4000 g. During the intrapartum period the incidence of labor augmentation by oxytocin, shoulder dystocia, and cesarean section was significantly greater in fetal macrosomia. Most significantly, this study revealed that macrosomia. Most significantly, this study revealed that macrosomic fetuses do not experience greater fetal distress in biophysically monitored labor than appropriate-weight term-size fetuses. Twenty-nine (10%) of the macrosomic infants required admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) compared to 9 (3%) of the control patients (P less than 0.01). This excess neonatal morbidity in the macrosomic neonates was predominantly caused by the delivery process. PMID- 7366897 TI - Maternal plasma prolactin levels in preeclampsia. AB - Maternal plasma prolactin, estradiol-17 beta, and free estriol levels were estimated in 118 normal pregnancies and in 90 patients with preeclampsia at 35 to 40 weeks' gestation. In the preeclamptic patients, the prolactin values were similar to those of normal pregnancy; the levels were not affected by the severity of disease. At 37 to 38 weeks' gestation the maternal plasma free estriol levels correlated positively with the prolactin levels in preeclampsia (r = .313; P less than .05; N = 64). No correlation was found between the levels of prolactin and estradiol-17 beta or between prolactin and urinary estrogen. Fetal distress was related to decreased plasma estradiol levels, but this was not reflected in the prolactin concentrations. The results of the present study show that the estimation of plasma prolactin level is of no clinical significance in patients with preeclampsia. PMID- 7366898 TI - Management of hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy with oral phosphate therapy. AB - Hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy is associated with greatly increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Severe neonatal hypocalcemia and tetany is a particularly serious complication. Surgical removal of the abnormal parathyroid glands is currently recommended during pregnancy in view of the severity of the complications in the untreated patients and the favorable results in patients who have had surgery during pregnancy. Two patients are reported in whom surgery during pregnancy could not be performed. They were treated with oral phosphate, which successfully decreased serum calcium; their infants remained normocalcemic throughout the neonatal period. It is suggested that in selected cases medical treatment with oral phosphate can be an effective therapeutic alternative and surgery may be postponed until after delivery. PMID- 7366899 TI - Prognosis in threatened abortion evaluated by hormone assays and ultrasound scanning. AB - The present study was designed to estimate the prognosis for patients admitted with threatened abortion on the basis of assays of serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) and the demonstration of fetal heart movements (FHM) by ultrasound scanning. Of the 97 patients included in the study, 35% (with 95% confidence limits 25 to 45%) aborted spontaneously. Of the patients with normal serum E2 and P levels, 88% (74 to 96%) and 91% (79 to 98%), respectively, continued to term, whereas 52% (39 to 66%) and 58% (44 to 72%), respectively, with pathologic levels aborted. Ultrasound scanning for FHM exhibited the greatest diagnostic accuracy: 92% of the patients (83 to 97%) with FHM at the first scan carried to therm, and 91% (75 to 98%) without FHM aborted. After 9 weeks' gestation, the recording of FHM, if any, was reliable in 100% of the cases. It is concluded that ultrasound scanning with determination of FHM is of greater prognostic value than hormone assays in patients with threatened abortion. PMID- 7366900 TI - Effect of glucocorticoids on fetal immunoglobulin production after premature rupture of membranes. AB - Cord blood IgA and IgM levels were measured in newborns of mothers with prematurely ruptured membranes (PRM) who had also received prenatal glucocorticoid treatment to accelerate fetal lung maturity. Previous data show that some newborns of mothers with PRM had elevated IgA and/or IgM levels. This increase was also found in the present glucocorticoid-treated group, indicating that glucocorticoid therapy did not appear to alter fetal humoral immune response at all. PMID- 7366901 TI - Births following oral contraceptive failures. AB - Neonatal outcome was studied in 108 infants conceived while their mothers were taking oral contraceptives. The infants tended to be born to younger, less educated mothers and were more likely to have been exposed to hormonal pregnancy tests. Ten newborns were malformed; 8 of these were males. One was anencephalic, and 1 infant had Down's syndrome. There was also a significantly large number of twins and an excess of perinatal mortality. These results are similar to those of previous studies, showing a small but increased risk of adverse outcome in infants born after oral contraceptive failure. PMID- 7366902 TI - Reproductive problems in the DES-exposed female. AB - The records of 25 diethylstilbestrol-exposed women under treatment for reproductive dysfunction were reviewed. A tendency toward pregnancy wastage (5 of 10 patients), ectopic pregnancy (2 of 8 patients), cervical factor infertility (15 of 20 patients), hysterographic abnormalities (15 of 19 patients), and ovulatory dysfunction (10 of 25 patients) was noted. With the exceptions of ovulation induction and cervical cerclage, no means of treatment can be recommended. PMID- 7366903 TI - Natural history of recurrent molar pregnancy. AB - Seven patients with recurrent molar pregnancy were managed at the New England Trophoblastic Disease Center (NETDC) between July 1965 and December 1978. Recurrent molar pregnancy was associated with a worsening histology and an increased incidence of proliferative trophoblastic sequelae in the successive episodes of hydatidiform mole. While none of the initial 7 patients with molar pregnancy required any further treatment after evacuation, 5 of the 7 patients needed chemotherapy to achieve complete sustained remission of the recurrent episodes of hydatidiform mole. None of the patients with recurrent hydatidiform mole had normal viable pregnancies after 2 or more consecutive molar gestations. The literature regarding recurrent molar pregnancy is reviewed in the context of the authors' current observations. PMID- 7366904 TI - Carcinoma of the cervix and sexual function. AB - Forty-six patients were interviewed more than a year after treatment for carcinoma of the cervix to establish the effects of radiation therapy and of surgical therapy on sexual feelings and performance. Group 1 consisted of 22 patients who had undergone radiation therapy for stage I, II, or III cancer of the cervix. Group 2 consisted of 20 patients who had undergone hysterectomy with or without partial vaginectomy for carcinoma in situ. The irradiated patients experienced statistically significant decreases in sexual enjoyment, ability to attain orgasm, libido, frequency of intercourse, opportunity, and sexual dreams. The surgically treated group had no significant change in sexual function after treatment. Both groups experienced a change in self-image but did not feel that their partners or family viewed them differently. Myths about cancer and the actual effects of pelvic irradiation were found to have disrupted the sexual marital relationships of many women. Therapeutic programs are discussed through which women can be helped through this difficult time in their lives. PMID- 7366905 TI - Adriamycin-methotrexate combination chemotherapy of advanced carcinoma of the cervix: a third look. AB - Twenty-four consecutive women with recurrence and/or metastasizing carcinoma of the cervix were treated with adriamycin and methotrexate. All patients had previously been treated with external irradiation and 2 intracavitary radium applications. The median recurrence-free interval was 22 months. All patients were evaluable. Five patients (21%) had partial remission for a median duration of 5 months (2 to 9 months), and 7 patients had static disease. When used in dosages that do not precipitate dangerous toxicity this therapy is not effective and in the authors' opinion should be abandoned. PMID- 7366906 TI - Physiological study of the human mesotubarium ovarica. AB - The human mesotubarium ovarica has been shown to contain bundles of smooth muscle cells. Its contractility at various phases of the menstrual cycle was studied in vitro in 51 tissue strips obtained at laparotomy. The strips obtained at the ovulatory phase showed the greatest spontaneous contractile activity as well as the greatest contractile response to norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and prostaglandin F2 alpha. This corresponds to the increased contractility of the ovary at this phase of the cycle. It is suggested that these contractile actions may, under the influence of chemical transmitters, play a role in ovum pick-up by the tubal fimbria at ovulation. PMID- 7366907 TI - Pulmonary artery flow-directed catheter use in the obstetric patient. AB - Pulmonary artery flow-directed (Swan-Ganz) catheters permit continuous central hemodynamic monitoring of unstable patients. They provide important information about left ventricular function, because left ventricular end-diastolic pressure is reflected by measurement of the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Furthermore, thermodilution-tip models permit rapid determination of cardiac output. This report presents 3 different types of problems in obstetric patients in whom management was greatly facilitated by the use of Swan-Ganz catheters. PMID- 7366908 TI - Syringoma of the vulva: incidence, diagnosis, and cause of pruritus. AB - Syringoma of the vulva is a rare disorder. The patient presented here is the seventh case in the American literature; she is the only patient with this condition in a series of 1132 women with vulvar disease. Differential diagnosis includes epidermal cyst, cherry hemangioma, angiokeratoma, comedo, soft fibroma, Fox-Fordyce disease, steatocystoma multiplex, and lymphangioma circumstriptum. Although syringoma is usually an incidental finding, the diagnosis should be considered in patients with pruritus vulvae. In such cases, examination of the skin around the eyelids and malar areas where syringoma occurs more commonly may suggest a diagnosis of vulvar syringoma that can be confirmed by histologic examination. Inspection of the vulva in cases with extragenital involvement may lead to a more frequent diagnosis of vulvar syringoma. PMID- 7366910 TI - Evaluation of a continuous tissue pH monitor in the human fetus during labor. AB - Continuous tissue pH monitoring of the fetus was successfully conducted in 13 of 21 patients (61.9%) during labor. There was a significant correlation between the tissue pH and both the scalp capillary blood pH (r = 0.94, P less than 0.001) and the umbilical artery blood pH (r = 0.92, P less than 0.01). These findings confirm the accuracy of the tissue pH instrumentation in reflecting fetal acid base status and support the potential usefulness of the instrumentation in perinatal medicine for continuous fetal acid-base monitoring. PMID- 7366909 TI - Effect of dihydralazine on the fetus in the treatment of maternal hypertension. AB - The effect on the fetus of lowering the maternal blood pressure with intravenous dihydralazine was studied in 33 patients with diastolic blood pressure of 110 mmHg or more. Nineteen patients showed fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations coinciding with a fall in blood pressure. Thirteen of the 19 patients had growth retarded fetuses, while only 1 of 14 patients who showed no FHR changes had a growth-retarded fetus (P greater than .005). Continuous FHR monitoring during the administration of dihydralazine helped identify the compromised fetus if it had been unrecognized at other observations. PMID- 7366911 TI - Treatment of carcinoma in situ: evaluation of 1609 cases. AB - In 1609 cases of carcinoma in situ, various methods of treatment were adopted: primary irradiation (22 cases), radical hysterectomy (11), simple hysterectomy (418), cervical amputation (83), ring biopsy with cervical curettage (63), and conization alone (1012). The outcome was related far less to the method of treatment than to the reliability of the primary diagnosis. If the latter was based only on colposcopically directed punch biopsies or cervical curettage, even with ring biopsy, 2.1% of patients died of cancer. In patients treated by hysterectomy, the vaginal approach resulted in 4 times fewer recurrences than did the abdominal approach, because of visualization of the extent of the lesions. Best results were obtained after conization with serial step-sectioning of specimens. Among 634 cases treated by conization with total removal of the lesion, there were no recurrences. PMID- 7366912 TI - Cervical crypt involvement by intraepithelial neoplasia. AB - Knowledge of the frequency and extent of crypt involvement by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is important when treatment by electrodiathermy, cryosurgery, or the laser is considered. Three hundred forty-three therapeutic cone biopsies carried out at The Samaritan Hospital for Women, London, have been reviewed histologically. Measurements were made of the deepest crypt in each specimen and of the deepest crypt that contained CIN. The mean depth of involved crypts was 1.24 mm, and the mean depth of uninvolved crypts was 3.38 mm. Thus, destruction of tissue to a depth of 2.92 mm (mean + 1.96 SD) would eradicate all involved crypts in 95% of patients, whereas destruction to a depth of 3.80 mm would eradicate 99.7% (mean + 3 SD). There is also an increase in the depth of crypt involvement with increasing age, but the differences between the age groups are not statistically significant. PMID- 7366913 TI - Ultrasonographic versus clinical evaluation of a pelvic mass. AB - Ultrasonography has become an essential tool in the practice of modern obstetrics. Its usefulness in the evaluation of a pelvic mass in gynecologic practice remains unclear. The present investigation is a comparison of pelvic examination findings and preoperative ultrasound findings in 72 patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy for a pelvic mass at the Nation Naval Medical Center. Of the 72 patients, 65 (90%) were correctly diagnosed as having a pelvic mass by both pelvic examination and ultrasonography. The ultrasound study had a 5.6% false-negative rate (4 patients), and 4.4% (3 patients) had false-positive pelvic examinations. There was no significant difference by chi 2 analysis in accuracy between ultrasonography and pelvic examination in detection, estimation of size, or determining the unilateral or bilateral position of the mass (P less than .05). Ultrasonography was significantly more accurate in determining the cystic or solid nature of the mass (P greater than .05). In no patient was the decision to perform exploratory laparotomy altered by the preoperative ultrasound study. It is concluded from this investigation that routine ultrasonography is not necessary in the preoperative evaluation of a pelvic mass unless the cystic or solid nature of the mass will modify the patient's treatment. PMID- 7366914 TI - Hydatid disease of the female genitalia. AB - Hydatid disease of the genitalia was encountered in 12 female patients between 1957 and 1977, an incidence of 1 in 1000 gynecologic abdominal operations. The frequency of involvement of female genital organs in hydatid disease is very low, and its pathogenesis still remains obscure. The symptoms of the disease are not specific; they simulate those of ovarian cysts. Prior history and roentgenograms of calcified cysts contributed to the correct preoperative diagnosis. Surgical intervention consisted of extirpation of the hydatid cysts with or without hysterectomy. Histologic examination of the cystic elements revealed chitin layers in all specimens and scolex heads with hooklets in 60% of the cases. Both findings are characteristic of hydatid disease. PMID- 7366915 TI - Study of blighted ovum by ultrasonic and histopathologic methods. AB - The value of histopathologic examination was estimated in 60 abortions at 8 to 16 weeks' gestation. The diagnosis of blighted ovum had previously been made by careful ultrasonic examination. In the histopathologic examination of the villous tissue the criteria of pathologic or probably pathologic ovum were fulfilled in 55% of the cases. The evaluated retention time of the uterine contents was 1 week or more in 73%. The practical value of histopathologic and ultrasonic examination in the diagnosis of blighted ovum has been discussed. PMID- 7366916 TI - Bacteremia in post-Cesarean section endomyometritis: differential response to therapy. AB - Presented are blood culture results obtained from 200 patients with post-cesarean section endomyometritis treated with either penicillin-gentamicin or clindamycin gentamicin. Their clinical course is correlated to their blood culture results by the fever index. Fifty-three percent of the 60 organisms isolated from 48 patients were anaerobic bacteria. Patients from whose blood cultures anaerobic bacteria were recovered had higher fever indexes than did those with aerobic isolates (P less than .05). Clindamycin-gentamicin patients from whose blood cultures anaerobic organisms were isolated had less febrile morbidity than did comparable penicillin-gentamicin patients. Patients with Bacteroides fragilis bacteremia had the highest fever indexes overall. Therefore, patients with post cesarean section endomyometritis have less febrile morbidity if they are initially treated with a drug effective against anaerobic bacteria, especially B fragilis. PMID- 7366917 TI - Screening, management, and outcome of pregnancy in diabetic mothers. AB - During a 3.5-year period 94 latently and manifestly diabetic patients were treated in the State Maternity Hospital of Helsinki. Management of manifestly diabetic patients included strict control of maternal glucose metabolism based on plasma glucose values after meals and on fasting plasma glucose values, early hospitalization, and delivery near term to avoid infant morbidity due to prematurity. Fetal surveillance was based primarily on daily nonstress fetal heart rate monitoring and frequent urinary estriol determinations. Hypertensive disorders were encountered in 33% of patients in class A and 24% of patients in classes B through F; urinary tract infections were found in 17% and repeated maternal hypoglycemic episodes were found in 20% of manifestly diabetic mothers. Diabetic retinopathy showed variable progression during pregnancy in 50% of cases and unchanged in the remaining 50%; only 16% of patients with hypertensive retinopathy showed progression on reexamination. The perinatal mortality was 1.1%. Delivery by cesarean section was performed in 55.3% of cases. The duration of gestation at the moment of delivery was 38.9 weeks in class A and progressively less in classes B through F according to the severity of the diabetic disorder. The following percentages reflecting infant morbidity were encountered: respiratory distress syndrome 5.3%; neonatal hypoglycemia, 10.6%; hyperbilirubinemia, 8.5%; hypocalcemia, 5.3%; and the aspiration syndrome, 5.3%. Two infants had congenital anomalies: 1 had hypospadias and the other had aortic coarctation. PMID- 7366918 TI - Rubella immunity: comparison of hemagglutination inhibition and radioimmunoassay antibody methods. AB - A threshold (1:10) rubella antibody hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titer was obtained for 288 of 6537 (4.4%) obstetric patients. Random sera from 84 of these patients were compared for rubella antibody by both HAI and a very sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique. By RIA, 17% of the sera had no detectable rubella antibody, suggesting that those patients were truly susceptible to rubella. In addition, 8 of 55 paired prevaccine and postvaccine sera with titer increases demonstrated by HAI were analyzed by RIA. Seven of the 8 prevaccine sera were shown to have no rubella virus antibody by RIA, and RIA showed seroconversion in all 8 postvaccine sera. PMID- 7366919 TI - Reproductive performance in women with sex chromosome mosaicism. AB - Among chromosomal analyses performed in 23 couples with a history of 2 or more spontaneous abortions, 5 women had mosaicism of the sex chromosomes, 46,XX/47,XXX, but all the men had normal 46,XY chromosomal complements. A review of the literature revealed that 75% of the fetuses of mothers with sex chromosome mosaicism were abnormal. Fifty percent of theses pregnancies ended in abortion and one third of the infants exhibited a chromosomal or physical abnormality. The possible effect of sex chromosome mosaicism on outcome of pregnancy is emphasized. PMID- 7366920 TI - Correlation of nonstressed fetal heart rate with sequential contraction stress test. AB - Two hundred seven high-risk patients were studied prospectively by standardized nonstressed fetal heart rate monitoring followed immediately by contraction stress testing (CST). Of the 604 combined procedures examined, 90.2% of nonstress tests (NST) were interpreted as reactive; none was associated with a positive CST. Of the nonreactive NSTs, 37% were followed by positive CSTs. These data support the contention that a reactive NST performed in compliance with a standard protocol is unlikely to be associated with a positive CST. PMID- 7366921 TI - Plasma estriol in the evaluation of third-trimester gestational age. AB - This study attempts to confirm previous reports of a clinically useful serum unconjugated estriol surge at 36 weeks' gestation. Although an apparently physiologic estriol surge occurred at 36 +/- 2.1 weeks in 25 of 32 patients, clinical reality makes weekly plasma sampling difficult. In individual cases, use of the "surge point" predicted gestational age within a 4-week range with only 66% accuracy, and potentially serious errors in dating occurred. Other biochemical (lecithin:sphingomyelin, phosphatidylglycerol) and sonographic methods are superior in resolving problems with dating gestational age in the third trimester. PMID- 7366922 TI - Emotional distress patterns among women having first or repeat abortions. AB - Thirty-five percent of a sample of 413 women undergoing first-trimester abortions were repeating abortions. All patients rated their emotional symptoms on an SCL 90 scale and completed a brief demographic questionnaire. Preabortion and postabortion emotional distress factors and associated demographic characteristics were compared for women having first and those undergoing repeat abortions. Elevated distress levels were similar in both groups prior to abortion procedures, particularly depression, anxiety, and somatization. After abortion, repeat aborters continued to have significantly higher emotional distress scores in dimensions relating to interpersonal relationships. The variables that discriminated most between first and repeat abortion groups were number of living children, race, and phobic anxiety. PMID- 7366925 TI - Method of screening obstetric patients to prevent reproductive wastage. AB - Data from 1268 deliveries were analyzed and infant outcome was followed using the 2-way television link between a small community hospital and a university neonatal center. Scoring based on 36 prenatal risk characteristics found 26% of the mothers to be at high risk. This high-risk group accounted for 64% of the infant transfers and 67% of the neonatal deaths. Screening of obstetric patients using a prenatal risk score is advised. PMID- 7366924 TI - Is any pregnancy low risk? AB - The standards of reproductive potential have not yet been defined. Should we accept a perinatal mortality of 5 to 10 per 1000 in the low-risk population if we have methods available to lower the rate to 1 to 2 per 1000? PMID- 7366923 TI - Sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern. AB - The etiology of sinusoidal fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns is diverse and consequently they ave been associated with poor as well as normal fetal outcome. Four patients who demonstrated sinusoidal FHR patterns are reported, and the factors associated with these patterns and their effect on fetal outcome are discussed. Three of the babies were delivered by emergency cesarean section and were markedly depressed at birth. Two of the infants died and the third required prolong hospitalization. The fourth baby was delivered vaginally and had a normal outcome. The possible pathophysiology is discussed and recommendations are made for the management of this FHR pattern. PMID- 7366927 TI - Sinusoidal fetal heart rate patterns in severe Rh disease. AB - Four patients with severe Rh isoimmunization are presented in whom sinusoidal fetal heart rate patterns were recorded. In 2 cases in which the pattern was seen intermittently in the postintrauterine transfusion period, the perinatal outcome was good. In the 2 cases in which the pattern was seen spontaneously and continuously, the outcome was poor, confirming the ominous and possibly agonal significance of the latter pattern. PMID- 7366926 TI - Steroid production in vitro of a hilus cell tumor of the human ovary. AB - A 69-year-old heavily virilized woman with an androgen-producing tumor of the right ovary is described. After tumor removal, plasma testosterone levels fell from 5 to less than 0.6 ng/ml. Serum gonadotropins were low prior to surgery and rose to high levels postoperatively. Histologic examination of the right ovary revealed a hilus cell tumor. Incubation of small specimens of tumor tissue for 2 hours in oxygenated Krebs bicarbonate buffer containing glucose and bovine serum albumin yielded a release of predominantly testosterone and androstenedione into the medium. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) added to the medium had no effect on steroid release. Incubation of tumor tissue in vitro may provide a useful functional adjuvant to the morphologic characterization of hormone-producing ovarian tumors. Such combined studies may increase our knowledge of the much debated histogenesis of these tumors. PMID- 7366928 TI - Choriocarcinoma of the ovary with coexisting normal pregnancy. AB - A rare case of ovarian choriocarcinoma coexistent with a normal term pregnancy is presented. In this case, the third documented report of ovarian choriocarcinoma with a term pregnancy, illustrates the difficulty of making the correct diagnosis. PMID- 7366929 TI - Employees as health educators: a reality at Kimberly-Clark. PMID- 7366930 TI - Health education in industry: the key to a vigorous workforce. PMID- 7366931 TI - An exercise 'prescription' for the sedentary executive. PMID- 7366932 TI - Employee assistance programs: promoting on-the-job vitality. PMID- 7366933 TI - Measuring the success of treatment modules. PMID- 7366935 TI - Refining the specialty of occupational medicine. PMID- 7366936 TI - The challenge of costs. PMID- 7366934 TI - Making better health and safety decisions. PMID- 7366937 TI - AMA Principles of Medical Ethics--is it time to revise? PMID- 7366938 TI - An OSMA interview. Ohio looks at curing health-care costs by Rebecca J. Doll. PMID- 7366939 TI - Shall we restructure the AMA? PMID- 7366940 TI - Unilateral cataracts in children. AB - Our experience in the surgical treatment of unilateral cataracts in children has been presented. Over two-thirds of the patients who were visually mature at the onset of their cataract regained useful vision in the operated eye while less than 10% of the visually immature patients did so. Our findings approximate those found in the literature. While improved visual acuity is the most important objective of unilateral cataract surgery in children, other benefits such as a cleared optical axis often make such surgery desirable, even when the prospect for visual recovery is poor. PMID- 7366941 TI - Idiopathic hemifacial spasm treated with alcohol injection: a case report. AB - A case of idiopathic hemifacial spasm is presented. Review of the literature shows that systemic medical treatment has been of little value in relieving this condition. Many neurosurgical techniques are now available but there is a significant incidence of recurrence. Also, not all patients desire such surgery nor may they be good surgical candidates. There is the inherent tendency for postoperative morbidity and surgical complications. After proper neurological and otological examination, alcohol injection is a safe and simple office procedure that can be used effectively in the relief of hemifacial spasm. PMID- 7366942 TI - Pseudoexfoliation syndrome encountered in South Texas. AB - Fifteen cases of pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule, in patients of Mexican American extraction, were encountered and treated over a two-year period. This is the first report of this syndrome in this population. PMID- 7366943 TI - A new ultra-sharp loop for chalazion and cyst removal--based on the Superblade principle. PMID- 7366944 TI - Transcorneal peripheral iridectomy. AB - A surgical technique to perform transcorneal iridectomy is described. Its advantages over peripheral iridectomy with conjunctival flap and laser methods are discussed. PMID- 7366946 TI - Postoperative trigeminal neuralgia--case report. AB - A case report is presented of a postoperative patient who experienced severe, paroxysmal, neuralgic pains in and about his eye. He was successfully treated with diphenylhydantoin. The literature concerning the rationale for this therapy is reviewed. PMID- 7366947 TI - The pars plana approach for intraocular surgery. PMID- 7366945 TI - The "corncrib" repair of senile entropion. AB - A new method of senile entropion repair has been described. The method corrects the entropion by affecting those conditions which create an entropion: enophthalmos, lid laxity, preseptal orbicularis movement, and retractor weakness. A 3.4% recurrence rate in 58 lids followed an average 17 months was found. This procedure is simple and applicable to all senile entropion patients. PMID- 7366949 TI - Visual hallucinations and cataracts. AB - Two cases are presented documenting the occurrence of visual hallucinations in patients with dense, bilateral cataracts. The striking curative effect of cataract extraction is cited. A review of the preceptual release theory of the formation of such hallucinations is offered. Finally, the difference between preoperative hallucinations occurring as an isolated phenomenon, is contrasted with postoperative hallucinations which form part of a generalized behavior disturbance. PMID- 7366948 TI - Filtering procedures in American blacks. AB - A single filtering operation was performed on 46 eyes of 28 American black patients with varying forms of glaucoma. An operation was considered successful when the intraocular pressure was below 22 mm Hg six months after surgery on no further medications. Of the 36 eyes with six months follow-up eight (22%) had IOP below 22 mm Hg on no further medication. The remaining 28 eyes (78%) required the addition of glaucoma medications to control the pressure. Conjunctival scarring of the filtering bleb occurred rapidly in most failures though the mechanisms by which these closures occur remain obscure. Topical steroids and cycloplegia did not significantly alter the course of this increased failure rate in American blacks. PMID- 7366950 TI - "Unexplained" visual loss in axial myopia: cases caused by mild nuclear sclerotic cataract. AB - Mild nuclear sclerotic cataract is often an unappreciated causes of visual acuity loss in patients with axial myopia. These patients have media which are better than the distance acuity would suggest. Clues to the correct diagnosis are: (1) monocular diplopia, (2) near acuity more compatible with the media, and (3) retinoscopic evidence of nuclear sclerosis. PMID- 7366952 TI - Early assignments of the genetic code dependent upon protein structure. AB - Orgel (1972) has suggested that polynucleotides with sequences of alternating purine/pyrimidine are likely to have predominated in prebiotic conditions. Therefore, in any early template-directed protein synthesis, the number of available codons would have been limited. However, for any self-organizing system to survive and propagate, some feedback must occur from the products of the synthesis to the control of the synthetic procedure itself; i.e. the protein synthesized should have catalysed some step in the initation of template-directed synthesis. A given protein structure with a characteristic conformation and function would be optimal for the product of such a synthesis, and this in turn would limit the number of nucleotide sequences of those available able to give rise to a functioning synthetic assembly. A possible candidate for such an early polypeptide is the ferredoxin group of proteins and it is shown that with the present-day code the corresponding nucleotides do have a high percentage of alternating purine/pyrimidine sequences. Hence these combined restraints on the primitive synthetic machinery would direct the possible assignments of the genetic code helping to explain its regularity and universality. PMID- 7366953 TI - The evolution of the protein synthesis system, II. From chemical evolution to biological evolution. AB - The sequence of events previously proposed for modern protein synthesis is reviewed. It begins with an abiological synthesis of a template, and evolves through two model autocatalytic systems to a primitive cell that has a rudimentary biological protein synthesis system. A possible scheme for the origin of tRNA's is described so as to fill the gap between the model and the modern system. Fragments of genes that existed in and around the primitive system are proposed to be precursors of tRNA's. Since these fragments must have been undesirable components for the system, the origin and evolution of tRNA's may be regarded as an excellent answer by the primitive system to adverse circumstances. PMID- 7366951 TI - A conformational rationale for the origin of the mechanism of nucleicacid directed protein synthesis of 'living' organisms. AB - The physical basis for the natural evolution of a primitive decoding system is presented using the concepts of molecular interactions. Oligoribonucleotides of five residues having U at the 5'-end, a purine at the 3'-end and any combination of three bases in the middle is taken as a primitive tRNA (PIT). From conformational considerations PIT is expected to have U-turn conformation wherein, N3-H3 of base U hydrogen-bonds with phosphate, three residues ahead leaving triplet bases called primitive anticodons (PAC) into a helical conformation, and this creates a cleft between U and PAC. An amino acid can be comfortably nestled into the cleft with the amide hydrogens and carboxyl oxygen hydrogen-bonded to the last purine and the first uridine, while the side-chain can interact with the cleft side of PAC. The other side of PAC is free to base pair with triplet codons on a longer RNA. Also two PACs can 'recognize' consecutive triplet codons, and this leads to a dynamic interaction in which the amino and carboxyl ends are brought into proximity, making the formation of peptide bond feasible. The cleft formed by different anticodon triplets, broadly speaking, shows preferences for the corresponding amino acids of the presently known codon assignment. Thus the nucleicacid-directed protein synthesis, which is a unique feature of all 'living' organisms is shown to be a natural consequence of a particular way of favourable interaction between nucleic acids and amino acids, and our model provides the missing link between the chemical evolution of small organic molecules and biological evolution through the process of mutations in nucleicacids and nucleicacid-directed protein synthesis. PMID- 7366954 TI - Operational description of microsystems formation in prebiological molecular evolution. AB - A theoretical analogue of microsystems formation in prebiological molecular evolution, known, for instance, as microspheres of Fox and marigranules of Yanagawa and Egami, is presented for a model solution system of polyamino acids in which the polymerization due to peptide bond synthesis is initially not in a complete balance with the hydrolysis. The homogeneous solution of polyamino acids, which is in a nonequilibrium state in the sense that a complete balance among all the participating reactions has not yet been established, is unstable against forming microscopic compartments of locally condensed peptide bond linkages. It also follows that both the accumulation of polyamino acids and the number of peptide bond linkages inside the localized microsystems increase with time so long as the solution remains in a nonequilibrium state lacking the balance between the polymerization and the hydrolysis. The phase separation of microsystems from the homogeneous solution of polyamino acids is just a representation of the unidirectional dynamic process that any reaction system, which initially lacks a complete balance among all the participating reactions, evolves toward a goal, if any, at which an equilibrium balancing of reactions be finally established. PMID- 7366955 TI - Oligo-glycine synthesis in an aqueous solution of glycine under oxidative conditions. AB - Di- and tri-glycine were synthesized in 1M aqueous solution of glycine by bubbling for 90 hr with oxygen discharged in the path from an oxygen cylinder. The peptides were also produced by an incubation at 37 degrees C of 2M glycine solution prepared with 75% hydrogen peroxide, and the yields were traced for 200 days. The final yields were about 0.25% and 0.01% for di- and tri-glycine, respectively. The solution at 166 days of incubation was applied to a Sephadex G10 column, and the fractions around the top of the chromatogram were found to increase the intensity of ninhydrin color about 4 approximately 5 times after hydrolysis, indicating an existence of oligo-glycine. The solutions of 1M glycine and 0.5M diglycine prepared with 30% hydrogen peroxide were incubated at 37 degrees C for 38 days, and di- and tetra-glycine were detected in the yields of 0.12% and 0.33%, respectively. PMID- 7366956 TI - Aliphatic hydrocarbons as biological markers in 250-million-year-old rock salt deposits near Kassel, West Germany. AB - Organic matter sedimented within salt deposits from the Carboniferous Perm epoch has been investigated for hydrocarbons by gas-liquid-chromatography, mass spectrometry, and spectropolarimetry. Main constituents were made of aliphatic and olefinic hydrocarbons which retained a considerable part of their optical activity thus resisting complete racemization over 250 mio years. PMID- 7366957 TI - Role of interstellar molecules in prebiological evolution. AB - Three generations of organic molecules in space are considered: interstellar molecules, molescules synthesised in protosolar cloud and molecules synthesised on the Earth. It is shown that there is no possibilities for amino acid polymers to be synthesised under interstellar cloud conditions. Molecules of the second generation were disintegrated during the Earth accumulation period. The problem of the origin of life is connected with the evolution of molecules of the third generation. PMID- 7366958 TI - [Structural variations of VLDV triglycerides in some cases of primary observed hyperlipoproteinemias]. PMID- 7366959 TI - [5-year experience in neonatalogy at a hospital obstetric department]. PMID- 7366960 TI - [Fetal damage caused by contraceptive tablets]. PMID- 7366961 TI - [Differential diagnostic significance of pancreas divisum]. PMID- 7366962 TI - [Incidence of allergic subsepsis in adult age]. PMID- 7366963 TI - [Invitro method for the study of the effect of chemical carcinogens]. PMID- 7366964 TI - [Intolerance reactions caused by food additives]. PMID- 7366965 TI - [Experience with combined drug therapy of Hodgkin's disease, using chlorambucil, vinblastine, procarbazine and prednisolone]. PMID- 7366966 TI - [Alkaline reflux and so-called in situ cancer of the larynx]. PMID- 7366967 TI - [Preoperative diagnosis of pyloric stricture caused by gallstone]. PMID- 7366968 TI - [Sources of error in the Stuart method of determination thrombocyte survival time]. PMID- 7366969 TI - [Nonspecific performation of the small intestine]. PMID- 7366970 TI - [Genetic indications for sterilization]. PMID- 7366971 TI - [Childhood rheumatic fever during the 10 years from 1968 to 1977 in Hungary]. PMID- 7366972 TI - [Infecundin and benign liver adenoma]. PMID- 7366973 TI - [Current results in the obstetric use of hypnosis]. PMID- 7366974 TI - [Ectopia cordis and omphalocele: defective closure of the thorax and frontal abdominal wall]. PMID- 7366975 TI - [Transatrial membranotomy of the inferior vena cava]. PMID- 7366976 TI - [Autoimmune diseases of the digestive tract]. PMID- 7366977 TI - [Development of the fetal alcohol syndrome]. PMID- 7366978 TI - [Determination of serum creatine phosphokinase and its isoenzymes in various muscular diseases]. PMID- 7366979 TI - [Variations and vocational rehabilitation of work disability in patients with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7366980 TI - [Perforation of pancreatic pseudocyst into the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 7366981 TI - [The journal Orvosi Hetilap and information]. PMID- 7366982 TI - [Gray scale echocholecystography]. PMID- 7366983 TI - [Hormonal conditions during labor, early puerperum and lactation]. PMID- 7366984 TI - [Importance of the determination of hemoglobin A1C]. PMID- 7366985 TI - [Close cooperation in chronic peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 7366986 TI - [Experience with rapid serial repeated hemodialysis combined with ultrafiltration]. PMID- 7366987 TI - [The role of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in the treatment of malignant testicular tumors]. PMID- 7366988 TI - [The status of andrology in Hungary (professional experiences)]. PMID- 7366989 TI - [Effect of clofibrate therapy on serum lipids and lipoproteins]. PMID- 7366990 TI - [Beta thalassemia minor and pregnancy]. PMID- 7366991 TI - [Results of the analysis of drug side effects in patients hospitalized in internal medicine departments]. PMID- 7366994 TI - Symposium on surgery of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. PMID- 7366993 TI - [Chronic anterior tibial syndrome corrected by surgery]. PMID- 7366995 TI - The place of ionizing radiation in the treatment of thyroid carcinoma. AB - The use of ionizing radiation is not confined to the treatment of metastatic disease. Indeed, in undifferentiated tumors the treatment of choice is ionizing radiation, utilizing refined dosimetry and the sophisticated equipment available today. However, one must not forget the important palliation and prophylaxis that ionizing radiation can achieve in patients with metastases from the differentiated as well as undifferentiated forms of thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 7366992 TI - [Indomethacin therapy of children with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus]. PMID- 7366996 TI - Suppressive therapy in the management of metastatic thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 7366997 TI - The management of thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the neck and mediastinum. PMID- 7366998 TI - An introduction to the diagnosis of parathyroid disorders. AB - The head and neck surgeon must be well acquainted with the embryology and anatomy of the parathyroid glands to facilitate operative localization. In dealing with diseases of this multiple unit single organ system an awareness of the variety of concomitant presentations is necessary in order to surgically manage the diseased glands. Diagnosis and preoperative localization of the parathyroid glands in their hyperfunctional state demand an appreciation of their physiologic interaction with the renal, skeletal, and gastrointestinal systems. PMID- 7366999 TI - Nervous and mental manifestations of parathyroid and thyroid disorders: hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism. PMID- 7367000 TI - Radiologic diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7367001 TI - Parathyroid arteriography. AB - Parathyroid arteriography and venous sampling for parathormone are the best techniques presently available for preoperative localization of hyperplastic and neoplastic parathyroid tissue. Inaccuracy of the technique, risk of complications, and relatively high cost make the routine use of arteriography and venous sampling inappropriate. They are, however, a useful preoperative adjunct in the patient who has undergone a previously unsuccessful neck exploration. PMID- 7367002 TI - Transcervical parathyroidectomy with microsurgical autotransplantation and the viscerovertebral angle. PMID- 7367003 TI - Hypocalcemia in surgery for carcinoma of the pharynx and larynx. PMID- 7367005 TI - Orbital decompression of exophthalmos. AB - In summary, we have presented our clinical experience, diagnostic techniques, surgical recommendations, and the results in 252 patients who have undergone transantral orbital decompression for malignant exophthalmos. Reduction of proptosis up to 12 mm. has been obtained. In 80 per cent of the patients the eyes were balanced within 1 mm. Complications have been minimal. We believe that this procedure has proved its efficacy in the treatment of malignant exophthalmos. In most cases it makes possible the preservation or improvement of vision and arrests the progressive extraocular muscle imbalance. The importance of close cooperation between the otolaryngologist, endocrinologist, and ophthalmologist cannot be overemphasized in the management of this disorder. PMID- 7367004 TI - Parathyroid dysfunction end stage renal disease. PMID- 7367006 TI - Diagnostic parameters in thyroid disorders. AB - An understanding of thyroid anatomy and physiology is a necessary prerequisite for interpreting diagnostic test results and managing thyroid disorders. A review of the basic sciences is presented with examples of their relationships to the diagnosis and embryogenesis of thyroid disorders. PMID- 7367007 TI - Surgical treatment of dysthyroid eyelid retraction and orbital fat hernia. AB - Upper eyelid retraction secondary to thyroid disease can be relieved in a controlled manner by a graded detachment and excision of Muller's muscle and stripping and recession of the levator aponeurosis. This improves cosmesis, lessens the exophthalmic appearance, and relieves ocular irritation secondary to exposure keratopathy and conjunctivopathy. Recessing the lower eyelid retractors and placing a scleral graft between them and the tarsus can relieve lower eyelid retraction. Edema and inflammation of orbital fat secondary to thyroid disease cause separation of the orbital septum from the capsulopalpebral fascia, allowing fat to prolapse into the orbit as in a true hernia. To prevent full fledged lower eyelid retraction and to relieve slight amounts that already exist, the lower eyelid retractors are recessed when orbital fat is excised. PMID- 7367008 TI - The nodular thyroid. PMID- 7367009 TI - Surgery of the thyroid gland. AB - Total thyroid lobectomy is feasible with minimal morbidity utilizing a surgical procedure that commences at the inferior pole of the thyroid gland to identify the recurrent laryngeal nerve as the initial step. The superior pole vessels are carefully ligated as the last step, care being taken to avoid the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. The parathyroid glands can be easily identified and preserved, and if necessary they can be reimplanted in thin sections in either a strap muscle, sternocleidomastoid muscle, skin incision, or skin of the forearm. Muscle implantation is not performed when the diagnosis is carcinoma, since subsequent operations may require resection of the muscle. PMID- 7367011 TI - Medical complications of thyroid surgery. PMID- 7367010 TI - Complications and sequelae of thyroid surgery. PMID- 7367012 TI - Malpractice liability case results from suicide attempt. PMID- 7367013 TI - Sarcoma botryoides--twenty-five year survival. PMID- 7367014 TI - Drug therapy: from compliance to cooperation. PMID- 7367015 TI - Whe pegboard gives way to computer, questions loom. PMID- 7367016 TI - Reawakening 'new' ideas in medical education. PMID- 7367017 TI - Policy statement: The relationship of physicians with non-physician health personnel. PMID- 7367018 TI - Act 111 limitations on attorneys' fees challenged. PMID- 7367019 TI - Court disallows negligent informed consent pleas. PMID- 7367020 TI - Indochinese refugees pose new health problems. PMID- 7367021 TI - Medical malpractice--a system run amok. PMID- 7367022 TI - Axillary artery rupture with dislocated shoulder. PMID- 7367024 TI - Physicians' prescriptions sometimes drug violations. PMID- 7367023 TI - Primary care physicians make needs known. PMID- 7367025 TI - Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in urban setting. PMID- 7367026 TI - Innovative concept in cancer care and research. PMID- 7367027 TI - New debt collection regulations govern physicians. PMID- 7367028 TI - Skyrocketing cost of government regulations. PMID- 7367029 TI - Sucrose intolerance tests in the neonates. PMID- 7367030 TI - The attitude of breastfeeding. PMID- 7367031 TI - Necrotizing enterocolitis among newborn infants suffering from gastroenteritis. A clinical evaluation of 17 cases. PMID- 7367032 TI - Coconut water as one of the optional oral electrolyte solutions. PMID- 7367033 TI - Assessing benefits of the pain center: why some patients regress. AB - Pain centers meet success in dealing with many cases of chronic pain which had been refractory to other therapies. Unfortunately, about one-fourth of all patients who initially do well begin to deteriorate shortly after completion, and within a few months have regressed to pre-treatment levels. In an effort to understand the causes of this regression, the authors surveyed patients who completed the program in 1977 by means of mail questionnaire. The 25 most successful patients were contrasted with an equal cohort of failures (i.e., patients who had met with initial success and subsequent regression). Correlations were also performed among indices of change and other variables. The failure group demonstrated less incentive for maintaining their gains, most continuing to receive financial compensation for their pain. Differences in attitude were revealed, with the failure group more likely to assume a dependent, passive stance. Depression was more characteristic of the failure group and may be causative with respect to deterioration. Most strinkingly, it appeared that the failure group had done little to change their environments, and continued to find reinforcement for pain behavior following discharge. The survey suggests the need for changes in the area of employment for injured workers, as well as further research in attitude measurement and attitude change. More aggressive treatment of depression might reduce the tendency toward regression, as would increased effort to change family dynamics that reward the patient for overt suffering. PMID- 7367034 TI - Pain charts. PMID- 7367035 TI - Single trial analysis of evoked potentials to noxious thermal stimulation in man. AB - Thermal (laser) evoked responses were obtained from 13 male volunteers. A single trial analysis technique with a latency adjusting adaptive filter was used to analyze evoked response amplitudes. Significant and substantial within-subject linear correlations were found between the magnitude (A) of the primary waveform (RMS muV of the P200--N300-P400 complex ) and subjective pain response (R) as well as stimulus intensity (S). Since subjective pain response was strongly correlated with stimulus intensity, the partial correlation coefficients were calculated for R vs. A with S controlled, and S vs. A with R controlled, for each subject. The partial correlations revealed a much stronger relationship between subjective response and the evoked response amplitude, suggesting that the primary complex may measure neural events in the pain perception process rather than transduction and transmission of the stimulus event. PMID- 7367036 TI - Multiple intramuscular injections: a major source of variability in analgesic response to meperidine. AB - Meperidine (ethidine) blood concentrations following multiple intramuscular injections (100 mg) over 2 days were determined in 10 female patients undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomies or cholecystectomies. Pain was estimated by subjective bioassay and the relationship between concentration and effect determined. The blood concentration-effect curve was steep with the range from no analgesia to complete analgesia being 0.35--0.45 microgram/ml on day 1 and 0.4- 0.5 microgram/ml on day 2. The mean (+/- S.D.) minimum analgesic blood concentration was 0.5 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml (n = 32). Pain control was poor during the first 4-h dosing interval. The first injection post-surgery was also found to be the least representative of all subsequent injections. Blood concentrations fluctuated in phase with dosing interval, but were highly variable. Intra- and inter-patient peak concentrations varied by 2- and 5-fold and times taken to reach the peaks by 3- and 7-fold, respectively. Hence, meperidine blood concentrations were in excess of the minimum analgesic concentration for only about 35% of each of each 4-h dosing interval. Peak concentrations were not consistently correlated with body weight or lean tissue mass. Variable pain control following intermittent intramuscular meperidine injections was shown to be due to inadequate, fluctuating and unpredictable blood concentrations. PMID- 7367037 TI - Effects of morphine of human spinal cord and peripheral nervous activities. AB - The depressant effects of morphine on the evoked electrospinogram (EESG), evoked electromyogram (EEMG) and nerve action potential (NAP) were studied in surgical patients. The EESG was recorded with an epidural electrode in the posterior epidural space in the lumbar enlargement. A clinical dose of morphine (1 mg/kg) depressed the amplitude of all components (P1, N1, P2) of the EESG, elicited by both weak and strong stimuli to the tibial nerve. The depressant effects of morphine were most pronounced on the P2 component of EESG, which is believed to correspond to primary afferent depolarization. The H-relfex was augmented by the drug, while the M-wave and the NAP were unaffected. The changes induced by morphine in both the EESG and the H-reflex were reversed completely, partially or even potentiated by naloxone (0.1 mg/kg). These depressant effects of morphine on the EESG were minimized under nitrous oxide (75%) anaesthesia, indicating the existence of a degree of interaction between these two drugs. Thus, morphine in a clinical anaesthetic dose, affects both spinal cord function and afferent volleys along the roots in normal man. PMID- 7367038 TI - The response of Awassi sheep to re-infection with Haemonchus contortus larvae. AB - The response of Awassi sheep to primary infection with 10 000 Haemonchus contortus larvae and subsequent challenge with 20 000 larvae was studied. Two types of response to re-infection were observed. The first, characterized by a sharp decline in egg counts, progressive improvement in packed cell volume (PCV) and a marked loss of adult worms and challenge larvae, was considered as self cure and protection. In the second type of response there was a temporary decline in egg counts, no improvement in PCV and necropsy findings indicated hyper infection with challenge larvae. PMID- 7367039 TI - The structure and possible function of the ventral papillae of Notocotylus attenuatus (Rudolphi, 1809) Kossack, 1911, (Trematoda: Notocotylidae). AB - Specimens of Notocotylus attenuatus were examined in life and their ventral papillae studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the papillae are non-secretory, very mobile and similar in ultrastructure to the papillae of other notocotylids previously described. Worms were removed from the host's caecum and the caecum surface examined where it had been in contact with the papillae; this revealed that the crypts in this region had been distorted and enlarged. It is suggested that the papillae serve to attach the worms to the distinct surface of the distal caecum by acting as hydraulically operated anchors working in conjunction with the lateral margins of the worm and allowing the oral sucker of this monostome fluke to be used for feeding. PMID- 7367040 TI - Kinetics of classes and sub-classes of total immunoglobulins and specific antibodies to Schistosoma mansoni during murine infection. AB - During the course of Schistosoma mansoni murine infection there is a dramatic increase of some immunoglobulins and S. mansoni-specific antibodies. The most substantial response is initiated after 40 days of infection and results in a prolonged increase of total IgG1, IgM and IgA. The maximum increase is respectively 26, 14 and 3-fold the basic immunoglobulin level in control mice. Some anti-S. mansoni classes and sub-classes were studied by an original radio immunoadsorbent test. Anti-S. mansoni IgG1 and IgM antibodies appear and increase at the same time as that of total IgG1 and IgM. Anti-S. mansoni IgA antibodies appear later (80th day) and correspond to a second peak of total IgA. PMID- 7367041 TI - An examination of the skin phase of schistosome migration using a hamster cheek pouch preparation. AB - A living hamster cheek pouch preparation has been used to study the skin phase of schistosomulum migration. Between 0 and 16 h post-exposure schistosomula become increasingly difficult to see and lateral movement in the skin ceases. Up to 50 h post-exposure they remain poorly visible. They lie in fluid-filled lacunae within the epidermis, external to the basement membrane. The first schistosomula enter the dermis from 40 h post-exposure, approximately half having done so by 52.5 h. Coincidentally, they can be more easily distinguished from surrounding tissue. Up to 91% of original penetrants have been observed alive in pouch tissue at 65 h post-exposure. Since only 26% eventually mature in the hepatic portal system there would appear to be considerable attrition subsequent to the skin phase of migration. The mean diameter of venules penetrated was 22.7 micrometers and the mean time taken to penetrate was 8.01 h. The majority of schistosomula left the pouch between 60 and 80 h post-exposure. PMID- 7367042 TI - Migration of the schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni from the lungs to the hepatic portal system. PMID- 7367043 TI - Recovery of Schistosoma mansoni from the skin, lungs and hepatic portal system of naive mice and mice previously exposed to S. mansoni: evidence for two phases of parasite attrition in immune mice. AB - New or improved techniques for recovering Schistosoma mansoni from the skin, lungs and liver have enabled us to trace the attrition of a challenge infection in naive (i.e. previously uninfected) and chronically infected mice. Within each experiment, numbers of schistosomes recovered from the skin of naive mice on day 2 after challenge or from the skin and lungs on days 3, 4 or 5, did not differ significantly from the numbers recovered from the liver on days 14, 21, 28 or 35. Approximately 65% of cercariae which penetrated the skin failed to be recovered from naive mice by any of the assays and it appeared that these schistosomes had already died in the skin in the first 24 h. No further significant loss of the infection was detected in naive mice. In chronically infected mice a further attrition of the challenge infection was demonstrated in two distinct phases. An 'early phase' occurred within the first 3 days of exposure and accounted for the death of 30% of the remaining parasites. A 'late phase' occurred between days 6 and 14 and accounted for an additional 43% of deaths. Thus, the two phases of attrition accounted for a loss of approximately 73% of the infection that would have survived in a naive mice. The late phase of attrition could be demonstrated before the primary infection had matured, in contrast to the early phase of attrition which was seen only after egg laying had commenced. We believe that the early phase of attrition takes place in the skin and the late phase occurs after the schistosomes have left the lungs, either en route for the liver or as soon as they arrive in that organ. The results suggest that there are two distinct mechanisms of immunity against re-infection with S. mansoni in mice. PMID- 7367044 TI - Thiamine uptake in isolated schizonts of Eimeria tenella and the inhibitory effects of amprolium. AB - The uptake of thiamine by isolated second-generation schizonts of Eimeria tenella and by host intestinal cells was found to consist of two components. One was passive and the other apparently an active process. The kinetic constants of the latter were compared in host (Km = 0.36 microM) and parasite (Km = 0.07 microM) and found to be significantly different. Both systems were competitively inhibited by amprolium but showed different affinities for the drug. (Host Ki = 323 microM; parasite Ki = 7.6 microM). Further differences were observed in schizonts of a drug-resistant line of E. tenella. These findings are discussed in terms of the inhibition of thiamine uptake being the basis of the anticoccidial activity of amprolium. PMID- 7367045 TI - Introduction: the pediatrician and the deaf child. PMID- 7367046 TI - The importance of early intervention with severe childhood deafness. PMID- 7367047 TI - Causes of severe hearing loss in early childhood. PMID- 7367048 TI - Methods for detecting hearing impairment in infancy. PMID- 7367049 TI - Meeting the needs of hearing-impaired infants. PMID- 7367050 TI - A pediatrician's view. PMID- 7367051 TI - Recognizing delayed language development in children with hidden hearing impairment. PMID- 7367052 TI - National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The Consensus Development Conference on Antenatal Diagnosis. Part II: predictors of fetal maturation. PMID- 7367053 TI - The radiographic manifestations of bone changes in copper deficiency. AB - The bone changes in infants with copper deficiency are typified by osteopenia and the symmetrical appearance of sickle-shaped metaphyseal spurs. Four examples are demonstrated and the differential diagnosis is extensively discussed. PMID- 7367054 TI - An unusual case of short limbed dwarfism and thoracic dystrophy with normal spine, hands and feet. AB - We report an unusual form of chondrodystrophy identified in a female infant at birth. She was severely delayed developmentally and expired at one year of age. The dwarfism was characterized by brachymelia, dysmorphic features and unusual radiologic findings of the extremities and thorax. The spine, hand and foot X rays were normal. The clinical and radiologic manifestations are unique and unrelated to other described entities. PMID- 7367055 TI - Thoracic ganglioneuroma with intra-spinal prolongations in childhood. AB - A case of thoracic ganglioneuroma is described because of the intraspinal extension of the lesion without any neurological features. PMID- 7367056 TI - Hepatic hamartoma in a newborn. AB - In a newborn infant with heart failure and hepatomegaly the radiological findings suggested hepatic haemangioendothelioma, but subsequently the tumour proved to be a hamartoma. PMID- 7367057 TI - Pulmonary vascular sling with tracheobronchial stenosis and hypoplasia of the right pulmonary artery. AB - We present a case of pulmonary sling associated with tracheobronchial stenosis, and with hypoplasia of the right lung and right pulmonary artery. Radiologic studies showed evidence of pulmonary sling and hypoplasia of the right lung; associated hypoplasia of the right pulmonary artery was also present, but not recognized initially. Narrowing of the distal trachea and right main bronchus was present, not due to compression by the anomalous left pulmonary artery, but to congenital stenosis of the trachea and right main bronchus associated with complete cartilaginous tracheobronchial rings. PMID- 7367058 TI - Upper thoracic extralobar pulmonary sequestration presenting with respiratory distress in a newborn. AB - An upper thoracic extralobar pulmonary sequestration in a newborn is presented. It was present on the initial chest radiograph taken because of respiratory distress. The sequestration was surgically removed and the infant's respiratory difficulties improved. PMID- 7367059 TI - "Apple peel" atresia of the small bowel: prenatal diagnosis of the obstruction by ultrasound. AB - 35-year-old woman developed polyhydramnios during her first pregnancy. Ultrasound confirmed this and showed high bowel obstruction. Delivery was uneventful, the infant was asymtomatic. Abdominal films, however, demonstrated a high jejunal obstruction. At surgery "apple peel" atresia of the small bowel was found. Good outcome. PMID- 7367060 TI - Abnormal paranasal sinuses in patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. Radiological findings. AB - Radiographic examinations of the paranasal sinuses and chests of 187 patients with C.F. from five months to 27 years of age were reviewed. One hundred eight five patients consistently had opaque maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses. Forty-five patients had normal chest radiographs. These observations show that the paranasal sinuses are almost always affected in children with C.F. Although opaque paranasal sinuses do not indicate the diagnosis of C.F., clear paranasal sinuses exclude this disease with reasonable certainty. PMID- 7367061 TI - Jejunal intussusception in children. AB - Jejunal intussusception in children is an uncommon form of intussusception often presenting with chronic intermittent abdominal pain and weight loss. Two cases of jejunal intussusception caused by enteric duplication are presented. It is concluded that in the absence of generalized small bowel disease, enteric duplication is the most likely cause of jejunal intussusception in children. PMID- 7367062 TI - Antral mucosal diaphragms in infants and children. AB - The antral mucosal diaphragm in infants and children has been reported in the literature in 48 patients. We have encountered antral mucosal diaphragms in 6 children. Only 3 of these 6 patients required surgery. These 6 cases and a review of the published cases suggest that patients fall into two groups: the first group usually requires surgery because of recurrent clinical signs suggesting a partial gastric outlet obstruction. The second group have the diaphragm detected incidentally or have unimpressive clinical findings. This group can be followed without surgery. In all cases, the diagnosis is made by an upper gastrointestinal series, but the need for surgery was determined clinically. PMID- 7367063 TI - Pseudoweb of the gastric antrum in infants. AB - Two infant boys, one 3 months of age and the other 8 weeks of age, with symptoms suggesting gastric outlet obstruction had upper gastrointestinal fluororadiographic examinations which showed typical signs for gastric antral webs (diaphragms or membranes), but neither had actual webs as proven by surgery in one and by endoscopy in the other. The report emphasizes the possibility of falsely positive radiographic findings, which can be tested by potentially corroborative fiberoptic endoscopy, thus avoiding unnecessary surgery. PMID- 7367064 TI - Calcification of the pancreas in cystic fibrosis. AB - Using the gastric insufflation method, 5 cases of pancreatic calcification have been detected in a series of 60 patients with cystic fibrosis. All patients were over 5 years of age. Four of them showed a diabetic curve at glucose tolerance test and 2 have recently developed frank diabetes mellitus. The value of gastric distension by gas in the radiological detection of pancreatic calcification and the relatively high frequency of such calcification in cystic fibrosis are emphasized. The pathogenesis of the calcific change and its clinical significance are briefly discussed. PMID- 7367065 TI - [Analysis of frequency of sister chromatid exchange in healthy children]. PMID- 7367066 TI - [Case of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome in a 10-month-old boy]. PMID- 7367067 TI - [Genetic polymorphism - directions and perspectives of studies]. PMID- 7367068 TI - [Experience of the Warsaw Neurological Clinic in detection of muscular dystrophy gene carriers]. PMID- 7367069 TI - [Genetic counseling in families with monogenic recessive metabolic diseases]. PMID- 7367070 TI - [Cri-du-chat syndrome in 2 children]. PMID- 7367071 TI - [Case of chromosome X pentasomy]. PMID- 7367072 TI - [Franceschetti-Zwahlen syndrome in a newborn infant]. PMID- 7367073 TI - [Noonan syndrome in a female child]. PMID- 7367074 TI - [Incidence of various congenital abnormalities in patients with Klippel-Feil syndrome]. PMID- 7367075 TI - Lack of protective effect of breast-feeding in congenital hypothyroidism: report of 12 cases. AB - Hypothyroid babies being breast-fed (12 cases) or bottle-fed (33 cases) have been compared. Anthropometric measurements at referral as well as biochemical values including plasma T4, T3, and thyroid-stimulating hormone were not significantly different. Bone maturation expressed as number of ossification centers or their surface were identical. Babies from both groups had similar psychologic performance at their first anniversay. It is concluded that breast-feeding does not protect against the deleterious effects of congenital hypothyroidism,. PMID- 7367076 TI - Apnea and sleep state in infants with nasopharyngitis. AB - Having a mild upper respiratory tract infection does not change the sleep rate proportions or total sleep time of an infant. However, infants with colds exhibit some sleep state specific alterations in sleep apnea. At 40, 44, and 48 weeks postconception, the number of respiratory pauses of 2 to 4.9 seconds and of 5 to 9.9 seconds duration per 100 minutes of state, during rapid eye movement, and indeterminate sleep are decreased in infants with colds. The absence of this phenomenon at 52 weeks suggests that it is modified by maturation. We hypothesize that the reduction in rapid eye movement and indeterminate sleep apnea is a manifestation of an adaptive response in normal infants, but for infants at risk for the sudden infant death syndrome, this response may be overwhelmed, resulting in increased apnea and, in some instances, sudden infant death. PMID- 7367077 TI - Smoke detectors: reducing deaths and injuries due to fire. AB - The United States leads all nations in the incidence of deaths due to fire. In the past two decades significant technologic advances have resulted in the development of inexpensive and reliable smoke detectors. These detectors can provide early warning to allow sleeping residents easy exist when a fire ocfurs in the house. Currently, there are three major types of early warning devices: heat detectors, photoelectric smoke detectors, and ionization smoke detectors. Heat detectors sound an alarm in response to rapid increases in temperature and/or ambient temperatures above 135 F. Photoelectric smoke detectors are particularly effective for smoldering fires, because they are less influenced by the smaller particles of combustion emitted during household cooking or from automobile exhaust than are ionization smoke detectors. The ionization smoke detectors respond more quickly than photoelectric smoke detectors to fast burning fires and have been proved effective in sounding an early alarm in the vast majority of home fires. For best all-around fire protection, a home should have more than one type of detector. Detectors should be located on the ceiling or high on the ceiling of every level of the house close to each bedroom. Properly installed and maintained smoke detectors can reduce the tragic consequences of home fires, but even greater gains can be made by combining these early warning systems with a reduction in home fire hazards and in practicing a well planned fire escape route. PMID- 7367078 TI - ECHO virus type 9 meningitis simulating tuberculous meningitis. AB - An infant with mononuclear pleocytosis, hypoglycorrhachia, and elevated protein in cerebrospinal fluid emphasizes the occasional difficulty in distinguishing viral and tuberculous meningitis at the time of presentation. Although the cerebrospinal fluid values were compatible with tuberculous meningitis, ECHO virus type 9 was grown from the spinal fluid. PMID- 7367079 TI - Interrelationships between nutrient intake and plasma lipids and lipoproteins in schoolchildren aged 6 to 19: the Princeton School District Study. AB - Relationships between nutrient intakes and plasma lipids and lipoproteins were studied in 1,669 schoolchildren, aged 6 to 19 years; 948 were selected by random recall and 721 because of elevated plasma cholesterol or triglyceride (hyperlipidemic recall). Nutrient intake data was collected by using a 24-hour dietary recall. Median dietary cholesterol intakes for 6 to 9-year-old boys and girls in the random recall group were 222 and 230 mg/day, with polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratios of 0.34 and 0.33. For boys and girls, aged 10 to 12 years, median dietary cholesterol intakes were 296 and 235 mg/day, for 13 to 15 year olds, 343 and 237, and for 16 to 19 year olds, 418 and 221 mg/day. The dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratios did not change appreciably with age. Partial correlation coefficients describing relationships between lipids, lipoproteins, and nutrients after adjustment for age, sex, race, and Quetelet index (W/H2) were calculated for all children (random and hyperlipidemic recall) after excluding children having plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and calories less than or equal to the first or greater than or equal to the 99th percentiles for the random recall children. Plasma cholesterol was inversely and triglyceride positively correlated with dietary sucrose. Plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol was inversely and triglyceride positively correlated with the dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio, total carbohydrate, and sugar. Potential relationships between nutrients and lipids-lipoproteins were also examined in children having low (first to tenth percentile), intermediate (45th to 55th percentile), and high (90th to 99th percentile) nutrient intake, after covariance adjustment for age, race, sex, and Quetelet index. Total plasma cholesterol fell as sucrose intake increased. Triglyceride rose along with caloric intake, total carbohydrate intake, and sucrose intake, while high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels fell with increasing caloric and sucrose intake. As dietary polyunsaturate ingestion rose from low to intermediate to high, plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol increased. Nutrient intake may play a small but significant role relative to lipids and lipoproteins in children and, as such, may have importance relative to pediatric precursors of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7367080 TI - The relationship between maternal hypertensive disease of pregnancy and the incidence of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. AB - The relationship between maternal hypertensive disease of pregnancy (HDOP) and idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) was analyzed in 2,105 premature infants weighing between 1,000 and 2,199 gm and born between January 1968 and December 1975 at the Kings County Hospital Center and State University Hospital. HDOP was diagnosed in 250 mothers of 2,105 infants studied. The incidence of IRDS (15.2%) in the HDOP group was significantly lower than the 29.9% in the non-HDOP group (P less than .001). In infants whose gestational age was 32 weeks or less, the incidence of IRDS was 26.1% in the HDOP group and 40.8% in the non-HDOP group (P less than .01). In infants whose gestational age was 33 weeks or more, the incidence (9.3%) in the HDOP group was significantly lower than the 18.4% in the non-HDOP group (P less than .005). The low incidence of IRDS in the HDOP group remained even after eliminating infants with known predisposing and protecting factors from the development of IRDS. The incidence of IRDS was inversely related to the severity of maternal toxemia. The total mortality and mortality with IRDS were not significantly different in both HDOP and non-HDOP groups. When the infants did not develop IRDS, the mortality rate in the HDOP group was significantly higher than that in the non-HDOP group especially in the lower gestational age group. These data suggest that chronic stress accelerates fetal lung maturation and severe chronic stress is even more effective in accelerating fetal lung maturation. When maternal toxemia was severe enough to accelerate the fetal lung maturation, the mortality rate of the infants without IRDS increased. PMID- 7367081 TI - Professional courtesy. PMID- 7367082 TI - The gynecologic examination of the prepubertal child with vulvovaginitis: use of the knee-chest position. PMID- 7367083 TI - The etiology of bullous myringitis and the role of mycoplasmas in ear disease: a review. AB - A critical review of the literature concerning bullous myringitis has found one case of possible mycoplasmal, one of possible viral, and 43 of bacterial, etiology. The bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, in the same percentages as found in (nonbullous) otitis media. One of 858 attempts to isolate Mycoplasma from cases of (nonbullous) otitis media was successful. The evidence that Mycoplasma are a cause of otitis media with or without bullae is weak. Bullous myringitis probably is not a separate clinical entity, but merely acute otitis media with blisters on the eardrum. PMID- 7367085 TI - Familial cholestatic cirrhosis associated with Kayser-Fleischer rings. AB - A brother and sister who suffered from pruritus since infancy developed hepatic cirrhosis early in life. Although this clinical picture has never been seen in Wilson's disease, Kayser-Fleischer rings in the boy made further studies necessary. Oral radiocopper loading tests administered to both children and to their parents served to exclude Wilson's disease conclusively. Determinations of the concentrations and patterns of bile acids in the serum indicated that the abnormalities observed in these children are not related to errors in bile acid synthesis. Although a defect in bile acid transport is present, it appears to have occurred as a consequence of the liver disease. PMID- 7367084 TI - A rapid fluorometric method for determining bilirubin levels and binding in the blood of neonates: comparisons with a diazo method and with 2-(4' hydroxybenzene)azobenzoic acid dye binding. AB - A simple, rapid fluorometric method for determining the albumin-bound bilirubin concentration, total blood bilirubin concentration, and the bilirubin reserve binding capacity of albumin was clinically evaluated using blood specimens from 79 neonates. This study showed that these bilirubin determinations, made by means of the Bell Laboratories hematofluorometer, correlated well with plasma bilirubin levels obtained by a diazotization (Jendrassik-Grof) method. Hematofluorometer reserve-binding capacities correlated very well with 2-(4' hydroxybenzene)azobenzoic acid (HABA) dye reserve-binding capacities for specimens of artificially jaundiced adult blood. For specimens of neonatal blood the HABA dye reserve capacity was, on the average, higher than the hematofluorometer reserve-binding capacity, particularly for specimens from low birth-weight babies (less than 2,000 gm). Comparison of HABA reserve capacity and hematofluorometer reserve capacity for high-birth-weight babies (greater than 2,000 gm) gave data very similar to those for adult blood specimens. The specific bilirubin-binding capacity of albumin was found to be greater for infants whose birth weight exceeded 2,000 gm than for the lower birth weight group. The total blood bilirubin concentration obtained by the hematofluorometer is shown to be significantly higher than the concentration of bilirubin bound to albumin, an indication of other important compartments of bilirubin in blood. PMID- 7367086 TI - Sonography in the diagnosis and management of hydrops of the gallbladder in children with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. AB - Acute hydrops of the gallbladder is described in four patients who had mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. Diagnosis was readily made with gray-scale ultrasound, and the patients were followed with this technique. The gallbladder returned to normal size in all of the patients within 15 days, and none of the patients needed surgery. The role of surgery in acute hydrops of the gallbladder is for the complications of the hydrops and not for distention alone. PMID- 7367088 TI - Extraintestinal amebiasis in infancy: report of three patients and epidemiologic investigations of their families. AB - Three infants (aged 6 weeks, 7 weeks, and 10 months) had severe Entamoeba histolytica infections characterized by colitis, hepatic abscesses, and peritonitis. The two younger children died after fulminant illnesses while the third recovered. Diagnosis was delayed in all three children by a low index of suspicion and negative stool examinations for parasites. Epidemiologic investigations of the infants' families revealed a high prevalence of amebic infections and elevated antibody titers to E histolytica; however, most family members were asymptomatic. The original source of the infections could not be identified but person-to-person spread within the families was implicated. PMID- 7367087 TI - A comparison of fluorescent and nonfluorescent light sources for phototherapy. AB - We have compared fluorescent and nonfluorescent light sources for phototherapy for newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia. Phototherapy was provided by a tungsten halogen lamp and conventional fluorescent light with identical radiant flux of 6 microW/sq cm. For 22 infants treated with the nonfluorescent lamp the mean duration of phototherapy was 33.77 hours and the mean reduction of bilirubin was 3.84 mg/100 ml/day. This did not differ significantly from infants treated with conventional fluorescent lights. The nonfluorescent light can be utilized for infants in incubators or on radiant warmers. These results provide additional support for the relationship between radiant flux as a practical measure of phototherapy dose and the clinical response of a reduction in serum bilirubin. PMID- 7367089 TI - Moyamoya and Fanconi's anemia. AB - We report a 10-year-old boy who has Fanconi's anemia and was admitted because of acute hemiplegia of the left side. Internal carotid arteriography disclosed a moyamoya cerebrovascular pattern on the right side. Although this condition may be acquired, it is suggested that in this case the moyamoya might pertain to the array of congenital malformations associated with Fanconi's anemia. Intracranial accidents occurring in Fanconi's anemia are generally ascribed to the bleeding tendency; however, the possibility of an underlying vascular anomaly should also be considered. PMID- 7367090 TI - Hyperphenylalaninemia due to dihydropteridine reductase deficiency: diagnosis by measurement of oxidized and reduced pterins in urine. AB - Hyperphenylalaninemia due to dihydropteridine reductase deficiency results from the inability to maintain the aromatic amino acid hydroxylase cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin, in its reduced or active form. Diagnosis of the disease is usually made by direct enzymatic assay on liver biopsies or in cultured skin fibroblasts. Evidence is presented that normal children and classic phenylketonuric children excrete mainly tetrahydrobiopterin in their urines, whereas children with dihydropteridine reductase deficiency excrete only oxidized forms of biopterin. Details of a rapid high performance liquid chromatographic assay for the measurement of the various forms of biopterin in urine are presented. This assay can be used to screen for suspected dihydropterine reductase mutants. PMID- 7367091 TI - Albumin-collodion activated charcoal hemoperfusion in the treatment of severe theophylline intoxication in a 3-year-old patient. AB - During treatment for asthma, a 3-year-old, 15-kg child was given 750 mg of theophylline in error. Within three hours she was treated with albumin-collodion activated charcoal (ACAC) hemoperfusion. Immediately before treatment her serum theophylline level was 74 microgram/ml. At the end of three hours of hemoperfusion, her theophylline level had fallen to 14.4 microgram/ml and four hours later it was 8.8 microgram/ml. The ACAC hemoperfusion system completely removed all the theophylline passing through it without saturation, and the total amount of drug removed was 500.8 mg (more than two thirds of the dose administered). The technique described is an efficient and rapidly effective method for the treatment of potentially lethal theophylline intoxication. For maximum effectiveness, it must be instituted as soon after intoxication as possible. PMID- 7367092 TI - Hypertension and hematuria secondary to parapelvic cyst. PMID- 7367093 TI - A simplified procedure for pediatric vaginal examination: use of veterinary otoscope specula. PMID- 7367094 TI - Wall socket electrical burns: relevance to health education? PMID- 7367095 TI - Presidential address: the Ambulatory Pediatric Association, May 1, 1979. PMID- 7367096 TI - Moderation, the noblest gift of heaven. PMID- 7367097 TI - Progress in phenylketonuria: defects in the metabolism of biopterin. PMID- 7367098 TI - Differential diagnosis of variant forms of hyperphenylalaninemia. PMID- 7367099 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Nutrition. New developments in hyperphenylalaninemia. PMID- 7367101 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Committee of the Section on Perinatal Pediatrics. Estimates of need and recommendations for personnel in neonatal pediatrics. PMID- 7367100 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Pediatric Aspects of Physical Fitness, Recreation, and Sports. Swimming Instructions for Infants. PMID- 7367102 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Nutrition. Human milk banking. PMID- 7367103 TI - Pulmonary edema and croup. PMID- 7367104 TI - General anesthesia in sickle cell disease. PMID- 7367105 TI - Antidepressant effect of vitamin C. PMID- 7367106 TI - Medical treatment of ductus arteriosus. PMID- 7367107 TI - Why not use oxygen to close PDAs. PMID- 7367108 TI - Training in school health. PMID- 7367109 TI - Should molluscum be treated? PMID- 7367110 TI - Metopic craniostenosis as a consequence of fetal head constraint: two interesting experiments of nature. AB - Two instances of metopic craniosynostosis provide dramatic experiments of nature which implicate fetal head constraint as one cause of early sutural fusion. The presumed restriction of growth stretch at the metopic suture in one instance was due to a bicornuate uterus in which the fetal head was markedly constrained. The second instance was in one of monozygotic triplets reared in a small mother in which the affected fetal head had been wedged between the hips of the two unaffected siblings. PMID- 7367111 TI - Pulmonary echinococcosis: a pediatric disease of the Southwestern United States. AB - Three cases of pulmonary echinococcosis in native American children emphasize the need to consider the diagnosis in the differential diagnosis of mass lesions of the chest when the appropriate environmental conditions are present. Two children presented with a non-productive cough, while one was asymptomatic. Surgery is the treatment of choice for pulmonary echinococcal cysts. All three children did well after thoracotomy, and one child has a normal roentgenogram six years after surgery. Recent evidence seems to indicate that transmission of the Echinococcus among native Americans in the Southwest is increasing, and thus human echinococcal disease may be of increasing clinical importance. PMID- 7367112 TI - Ventriculoperitoneal shunt-associated infection due to Haemophilus influenzae. AB - We report two children with ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections due to Haemophilus influenzae, type b. One child was cured with systemic and intraventricular antimicrobial therapy alone. The other child had persistently positive ventricular fluid cultures, ultimately required shunt removal in addition to antimicrobial therapy, and still had a relapse, which responded to antimicrobial therapy alone. In treating children with this problem we recommend removal of the shunt apparatus unless there is prompt sterilization of ventricular fluid and clinical improvement. Systemic antimicrobial therapy should be continued for two to four weeks. PMID- 7367113 TI - Selenium and glutathione peroxidase levels in cystic fibrosis. AB - Whole blood selenium and glutathione peroxidase levels were measured in 20 infants and children (aged 6 months to 15 years) with cystic fibrosis. The whole blood selenium concentration in cystic fibrosis was 0.122 +/- 0.025 microgram/gm. Although the levels of selenium in cystic fibrosis children were below the levels found in a study of healthy children (0.223 +/- 0.007 microgram/gm), they are comparable to those found in children with phenylketonuria treated dietetically and exceed the blood selenium level of healthy children in New Zealand. Levels of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase in children with cystic fibrosis (0.042 +/- 0.007 units/mg Hb) were in the normal range (0.035 +/- 0.003 units/mg of Hb). These results do not support the hypothesis that deficiency of selenium is reponsible for cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7367114 TI - Pulmonary function abnormalities in thalassemia patients on a hypertransfusion program. AB - Pulmonary function tests were performed in 12 thalassemia patients on a hypertransfusion program (age 18.4 +/- 2.6 SEM years) to determine the presence of any abnormalities of lung function. These included spirometry, expiratory flow rates, body plethysmography, single-breath nitrogen washout, single breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, and arterial blood gases. Only one patient had normal pulmonary function. Arterial hypoxemia was present in ten of 12 patients at rest. The total lung capacity (TLC) was normal. The residual volume was abnormally increased in five of 12 patients. The slope of phase III of single breath nitrogen washout curve was abnormal in five of 12 patients, but the closing volume was normal. The maximal expiratory flow rate at 60% total lung capacity was decreased in four of 12 patients, suggesting the presence of small airway disease. The single breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity was normal in all patients. These pulmonary function abnormalities did not correlate with age or the cumulative amount of iron via blood transfused. The small airway obstruction, hyperinflation; and hypoxemia observed in thalassemia patients on a hypertransfusion program may result from the basic disease, iron deposition in the lungs, or other factors. PMID- 7367115 TI - The pancytopenia of isovaleric acidemia. AB - Severe pancytopenia developed in two infants with isovaleric acidemia. Previous reports indicate these hematologic abnormalities are a leading cause of death in affected infants. Our findings suggest that the pancytopenia may be due to arrested maturation of hematopoietic precursors. Prompt transfusion of appropriate blood components prevented complications due to the hematologic abnormalities. PMID- 7367116 TI - Systolic blood pressure in a population of infants in the first year of life: the Brompton study. AB - Systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured by the Doppler technique and random zero sphygmomanometer in a sample of infants between the ages of 4 days (n = 1,740) and 1 year (n = 1,338). Mean systolic BP rose from 76 mm Hg at age 4 days to 96 mm Hg at age 6 weeks in babies awake, and showed little further variation at 6 months and 1 year. The BP was approximately 6 mm Hg higher in babies awake than asleep. Blood pressure was nearly normally distributed at all ages and the 95th percentile for BP of babies awake was 95 mm Hg at 4 days and 113 mm Hg between 6 weeks and 1 year. A comparison of intra-arterial and Doppler BP confirmed that both inflation bag length and cuff width are important for accurate measurement. PMID- 7367118 TI - The 'vulnerable child': intimations of mortality. PMID- 7367117 TI - Early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. AB - To better define the need for antibiotic therapy, several tests recommended as helpful in diagnosing neonatal sepsis were evaluated in 376 neonates during the first week after birth. The five most useful tests (with definitions of abnormality) were: band/total neutrophils (greater than or equal to 0.2); leukocyte count (less than 5,000/cu mm); latex-C-reactive protein (positive greater than 0.8 mg/100 ml); ESR (greater than or equal to 15 mm for the first hour); and latex haptoglobin (positive greater than 25 mg/100 ml). When these five tests were applied early (at the time infection was suspected and blood culture sent), 28 of 30 cases (93%) subsequently proven to have infection had two or more abnormal tests. This compares with only 24 of 320 babies (8%) with no subsequently documented evidence of infection. Of all babies who had two or more tests positive (n = 71), 39% had proven sepsis, and an additional 23% had "very probable" infection. The combination of leukopenia and an elevated band/total neutrophil ratio seems to be particularly predictive of sepsis (13 of 17 babies with this combination had proven sepsis). When less than two tests were positive, the probability that sepsis was not present was 99%. These simple, rapid tests require no special laboratory facilities and provide a valuable adjunct in the early detection of the neonate with sepsis. PMID- 7367119 TI - Experimental power: the other side of the coin. PMID- 7367120 TI - Who gives nutritional advice? Who follows it? PMID- 7367121 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics Committees: prophylaxis and treatment of neonatal gonococcal infections. PMID- 7367122 TI - Pericardial effusions in bacterial meningitis are not common. PMID- 7367123 TI - Circumcision disasters. PMID- 7367124 TI - Home monitoring of infant at risk for apnea. PMID- 7367125 TI - Styrofoam aspiration. PMID- 7367126 TI - Age and blood pressure. PMID- 7367127 TI - Other effects of bilirubin. PMID- 7367128 TI - 'Knocked out'--an early sign of intussusception. PMID- 7367129 TI - Evaluation of perinatal care education programs. PMID- 7367130 TI - Intracranial bleeding--follow-up needed. PMID- 7367131 TI - Oral antibiotic therapy of skeletal infections in children. AB - Oral and intravenous (IV) antibiotic regimens were compared in 15 children with etiologically defined osteomyelitis and/or septic arthritis. On admission all children were started on standard IV therapy; seven were changed to oral antibiotics within 72 hours and the remaining eight continued on IV therapy for four weeks. Oral antibiotic doses were adjusted to achieve a peak serum bactericidal titer of greater than or equal to 1:8 against the patient's own pathogen. All patients were treated in hospital for four weeks; therapy continued for a minimum of six weeks or until the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) fell below 20 mm/hr. The clinical course and outcome were similar in both groups. There were no treatment failures nor any relapses during a 12-month follow-up period. This prospective study supports, with controlled data, the concept that acute skeletal infections can be safely and successfully treated with carefully monitored oral therapy. PMID- 7367132 TI - Morphologic evidence of accelerated closure of the ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. AB - In preterm infants, closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA) is often delayed, especially in those with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). However, it has been suggested that functional closure of the DA may occur as early as 24 hours of age in some preterm infants exposed to intrauterine stress, and this is usually associated with decreased incidence of RDS. This suggests that accelerated maturation of the DA as well as of the lungs occurs in utero. Accordingly, histologic evidence of accelerated maturation of the DA was sought in a prospective autopsy study of 55 preterm infants ranging in gestational age from 19 to 32 weeks. There were four infants with clinically closed DA which showed histologic evidence of closure. The birth weight of these four infants ranged from 750--1,100 gm, the gestational age ranged from 24--32 weeks, and age of death was 39 hours to 6 days. The immediate causes of death were intracerebral hemorrhage or intrapulmonary hemorrhage, or both. Obstetric complications included chronic second trimester vaginal bleeding, abruptio placenta, malnutrition, diabetes, pulmonic stenosis of moderate degree, and chronic hypertension. These findings support the hypothesis that in some preterm infants exposed to chronic intrauterine stress, maturation of the DA is accelerated. This may result clinically in effective postnatal closure of the DA. PMID- 7367133 TI - Effect of acute hemorrhage on transcutaneous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and arterial oxygen tensions. AB - Although transcutaneous PO2 is a close approximation of arterial PO2 in most neonates, infants in shock often show lower transcutaneous than arterial PO2 values. For a better understanding of this discrepancy, we investigated the effect of acute hemorrhage on transcutaneous, tissue, and arterial PO2 in rabbits. With progressive hemorrhage, transcutaneous and tissue PO2 values declined steeply while arterial PO2 values did not. We speculate that the progressive decrement in transcutaneous and tissue PO2 value with hemorrhage is produced by diminished peripheral blood flow. Rather than representing a failure of the transcutaneous PO2 monitoring method, we speculate that transcutaneous hypoxia with shock may be a clinically valuable danger signal. PMID- 7367134 TI - Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring during neonatal transport. AB - The use of transcutaneous PO2 monitoring during neonatal transport was found to be feasible and clinically useful in maintaining the partial pressure of arterial oxygen within a desired range. Adjustment of fractional inspiratory oxygen (FIO2) to maintain transcutaneous PO2 between 50 to 70 torr resulted in a greater number of infants arriving at a tertiary center without either hypoxemia or hyperoxemia. PMID- 7367135 TI - Neonatal transport nurses: an analysis of their role in the transport of newborn infants. AB - From September 1976 to March 1979, nurses selected from the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) assumed the transport team leadership role for 443 newborns. Each nurse had successfully completed an eight-week didactic and practical educational program in the assessment, management, stabilization, and transport of ill newborns including premature infants, those with various medical and surgical disorders, and those requiring assisted ventilation. Physician supervision and consultation was always available. The overall survival rate for these infants was 81%, a rate similar to that for newborns transported by physicians. The transport nurses consistently demonstrated the ability to effectively assess, manage, stabilize, and transport ill newborns. In addition, their utilization was alleviated a physician shortage on the NICU, has improved the response time to transport requests, and has enhanced educational opportunities for physicians and nurses. PMID- 7367136 TI - Acute fluoride poisoning in a New Mexico elementary school. AB - Thirty-four persons became ill with acute fluoride poisoning shortly after drinking water in an elementary school in Los Lunas, NM. The water supply of the school was supplemented with a concentrated sodium fluoride solution designed to raise fluoride levels in drinking water to 1 to 5 ppm. Two water samples taken after the incident was reported showed elevated fluoride levels of 375 and 93.5 ppm. Malfunction of a relay switch controlling dilution of the fluoride solution produced toxic fluoride levels in the water. The symptoms of all patients were mild and generally of short duration, with two thirds of patients reporting complete resolution within 24 hours. The bitter, salty taste of the water deterred consumption of large amounts and prevented serious intoxication. PMID- 7367137 TI - Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in the preterm infant. AB - Between 1969 and 1978 we treated 22 low birth weight infants for delayed onset posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. All developed clinical signs of hydrocephalus after 2 weeks of age. The diagnosis was determined in 12 infants before August 1974, and they were treated by surgical placement of a shunt. In the ten infants born after September 1974, an attempt was first made to control the hydrocephalus with repeated lumbar puncture and diuretics prior to placing a shunt. In seven of the ten the hydrocephalus was successfully arrested by medical therapy alone. Follow-up assessments at 1 to 8 years of age were done on 18 infants. Two of the 12 treated by permanent shunts and three of six treated medically had an IQ score of 85 or greater. These results indicate a poor long-term outlook for the low birth weight infant who develops clinically overt hydrocephalus after intracranial bleeding. PMID- 7367138 TI - Regional neonatal transport: impact of an integrated community/center system. AB - In the face of increasing neonatal referrals from a large geographic region, community hospital resources was recruited and coordinated with regional center resources to facilitate "community-based" neonatal transport. All transport requests were first "triaged" by an attending neonatologist. Discriminant analysis was used to assess the impact of resource allocation decisions. Decisions regarding allocation of resources to an individual transport generally reflected geographic distance to be traveled, size of delivery service at referring hospital, and apparent degree of illness. Physicians participation in transports was reduced from 95% to 15% of the trips. The incorporation of community-based transport resources and nonphysician transport teams into a coordinated triage and transport process with existing center-based resources did not adversely affect neonatal survival. Capacity of the transport system was enhanced with these reallocations. PMID- 7367139 TI - Marital stress and medical training: an experience with a support group for medical house staff wives. AB - This paper reports on a support group for medical house staff wives. This informal group revealed prevailing feelings of depression, anger, frustation, and impotence in coping with their spouses' training period. All participants agreed that the group had been a positive experience, allowing them to express anger in a safe place, and not to their husbands. They also stated that the group validated the fact that their concerns were in fact real and shared by many women. Although it is unclear what the responsibility of a training program is to wives of physicians in training; this group demonstrated that not only were physicians stressed, but their wives were as well. Further study of the impact of the training experience on both physician and spouse would be helpful in determining appropriate methods of intervention to reduce feelings of stress and depression for both physician and spouse during the training period. PMID- 7367140 TI - Effects of nephrotic syndrome on the family: a controlled study. AB - The hypothesis that the parents and siblings of children with nephrotic syndrome are more likely to develop psychosocial problems than those of healthy children was tested. Seventy-nine siblings from 36 such families were compared with 79 healthy children from closely matched families using interviews, parent rating scales, teachers' reports, and psychological tests. Although few striking differences were found between the two groups, the findings suggest several areas of increased vulnerability among the parents and siblings of children with nephrosis. Parents often denied the existence of apparently stressful events, but the personality profiles of the siblings suggested decreased social confidence and a lesser degree of self-acceptance. Evidence of inhibition, such as less aggression and poorer academic performance, were also described in response to questions in the interview. These results should prove useful to clinicians in the management of families of children with this or other chronic illnesses. PMID- 7367141 TI - Vulnerable children: parents' perspectives and the use of medical care. AB - In a study of use of five general pediatric services, 750 parents were interviewed on site about their decisions on how and when to seek medical care for their children. Parents' fears that a particular child was "vulnerable"--ie, uniquely threatened by an episode of illness--was a recurrent concern (reported by 27%), explaining many of their medical visits. Medical record review indicated that in 40%, there was no clinical basis for these parent concerns. One important source of these unwarranted concerns was fear of recurrence of an earlier medical problem, long since resolved. In some families, the role of social and environmental issues in generating a high level of concern was evident. Vulnerable children made more visits per year and made many more of their visits to the emergency room, and their parents more often expressed dissatisfaction with care received. Recognition of reasons underlying parents' sense of the child's special status may do much to allay unnecessary fears and promote more appropriate use of health care facilities. PMID- 7367142 TI - Failure-to-thrive: a study in a primary care setting. Epidemiology and follow-up. AB - A cohort of 312 children followed in three rural primary care centers was studied. All cases of failure-to-thrive were identified (30) and compared to the remainder of the group. With the use of data from medical records, children with history of failure-to-thrive were found to be significantly lighter and shorter than the remainder of the population in each of the first five years of life. More cases had family problems. No differences were found in demographic characteristics or chronic illnesses. In the second phase of the study, cases and an equal-sized control group, from the same social setting, matched for age, sex, mother's marital status, and family problems, were examined at 3 to 6 years of age to assess outcome. This included physical examination, the McCarthy Scale of Children's Abilities, a behavior questionnaire, and an interview to assess life events. Cases were lighter but not shorter than controls. No instances of occult organic disease causing failure-to-thrive were identified. No behavioral or developmental deficits could be attributed to the failure-to-thrive. PMID- 7367143 TI - Infant feeding practices of families belonging to a prepaid group practice health care plan. AB - A survey of the infant feeding practices of 270 families who belonged to a prepaid medical insurance program revealed extensive use of commercially prepared infant formulas during the first months of life, introduction of beikost before 3 months of age and introduction of cow milk into the diet at 3 to 5 months. Ethnic, as well as socioeconomic differences, were observed in the use of milks and formulas, timing of introduction of beikost, and method of feeding solid foods. Average calorie intakes approached or were greater than the recommended dietary allowances. With the exceptions of vitamin D and iron, most infants received much greater than the recommended intake of all nutrients examined. Average sodium intakes were well above advisable intakes. Many infants received supplements of vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, and C in addition to adequate dietary intakes. Results of this survey indicate that many mothers look to pediatricians for advice on how to feed their infants and several findings indicate that nutrition education efforts directed toward pediatricians and parents must be more vigorous than they have been in the past. PMID- 7367144 TI - Coronal craniostenosis: fetal head constraint as one possible cause. AB - A retrospective study of 11 instances of idiopathic coronal craniostenosis in otherwise normal children revealed that early lightening, prolonged moderate to severe pelvic discomfort late in pregnancy, and/or an abnormal fetal lie were unusual gestational features indicative of intrauterine constraint for eight of these patients. The impression of unusual constraint in utero was further implied by finding associated positional foot deformities in four of these latter eight children. We hypothesize that prolonged constraint of the fetal head may limit anteroposterior growth stretch at the coronal suture and thereby predispose toward early sutural fusion. PMID- 7367145 TI - [Use of caffeine in apnea in premature infants]. PMID- 7367147 TI - [Splenogonadal fusion. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7367146 TI - [Purulent pericarditis in children. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 7367148 TI - [Juvenile intestinal polyposis: nosologic and therapeutic descriptions. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7367150 TI - [Intralobar sequestration revealed by neonatal cardio-respiratory failure. Surgical correction]. PMID- 7367149 TI - [Cerebral arteriovenous fistula and neonatal heart failure. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7367151 TI - Perception of the upright in normal and schizophrenic subjects. AB - To see the effects of a large angle of frame-tilt, movement of the rod in the clockwise direction, and the difference between the normal and schizophrenic subjects in the perception of the upright, a mixed design (subjects X angle X presentation X trial) was used. 24 normal and 24 schizophrenic subjects were tested in a darkroom with a rod-and-frame test. The results showed a small error with a clockwise movement of the rod, when the frame also was tilted clockwise, and no difference in perception of the upright between the normal and schizophrenic subjects. PMID- 7367152 TI - Effects of modification of conceptual tempo on acquisition of work skills. AB - This study investigated the effects of modification of conceptual tempo on the skilled performance of a group of mildly intellectually handicapped adolescents receiving training in a work preparation centre (N, 41). On the basis of performance on Kagan's Matching Familiar Figures Test the group was divided into two subgroups, reflective, impulsive and then further divided through random allocation to control and experimental conditions. The two experimental groups received a training program designed to promote self-generation of strategies, using self-verbalization to induce a more reflective approach. The control groups received the normal training program of the centre. The criterion measure taken at pre- and posttest was a collation task standardized so as to provoke response uncertainty. Analysis of residual gain scores derived from the two testing occasions indicated that the experimental groups improved significantly more than the controls and that the improvement generalized to their performance on the Porteus Maze and Matching Familiar Figures Test. Contrary to expectation, however, the effect of training did not bring about significant differential improvement for impulsive as against reflective subjects. Both benefited from the training. On the basis of delayed posttests, no generalization was apparent. PMID- 7367153 TI - Relation of intelligence to childhood depression in children referred to an educational diagnostic center. AB - With the development and application of specific diagnostic criteria, depression has been clarified as a major cause of behavioral disturbance in children. 62% of a group of 100 prepubertal children with school problems fulfilled the criteria for childhood depression. There was no significant difference in age, sex, grade level, intelligence quotient, or school skills achievement in the depressed versus nondepressed children. The family history was positive for psychiatric illness in 71% and for depression in 42% of the depressed children. In the depressed children, episodic hyperactivity and secondary enuresis were evident during the depressive episode. PMID- 7367154 TI - Mood profiles of marathon runners, joggers and non-exercisers. AB - 10 marathon runners and 10 joggers reported less depression on an adjective check list than 10 non-exercisers, as well as less confusion, more vigor. Marathoners scored better on each than joggers. PMID- 7367155 TI - Hemispheric laterality differences among four levels of reading achievement. AB - 80 male children between the ages of 8 and 10 yr. were divided into four groups on the basis of their reading ages. 20 words were tachistoscopically presented to the left and right visual half-fields to determine if incomplete hemispheric laterality is associated with all levels of reading deficiency or only with the more severe cases. The results support the hypothesis that incomplete hemispheric laterality is only associated with reading deficiency when the deficit exceeds 18 mo. PMID- 7367156 TI - Drug overdose and the full moon. AB - This study assessed the relationship between the phase of the full moon and the incidence of overdose as reported in five metropolitan Phoenix hospitals and the Maricopa County Medical Examiner over the 15-mo. period from January 1, 1976, through and including March 31, 1977. A chi-squared analysis was performed and no significant difference between the distribution of cases occurring during the full moon phase and that outside of these periods was found. PMID- 7367157 TI - Suitability of vigilance test data as a neurobehavioral measure of uremic status. AB - A vigilance/continuous performance test was designed to be used for the serial testing of patients on chronic maintenance hemodialysis therapy. Correct detections, false alarms, and reaction time provided measures of an attentional deficit. A matched sample of 28 patients and 28 controls composed of nondialysands were tested. No significant differences were found between groups in correct detections and false alarms. Reaction time discriminated younger and older subjects and also dialysands and controls. The clinical usage of the test is questioned because patients resist taking the test on a serial basis every 2 wk. Motivational factors or lack of willingness to be compliant outweighed technical accomplishments. PMID- 7367158 TI - Management of thumbsucking using self-recording with parent as observer and experimenter. PMID- 7367159 TI - Influence of different preparatory sets on reaction time and arm-movement time. AB - The effect of three different preparatory sets on reaction time (RT), movement time (MT) and reaction time-movement time (RT-MT) relationship was examined. All 15 subjects were required to perform under the three conditions regarding the relative payoff of stimulus and speed of movement. No significant effect of RT was found, while the significant difference between MT under MT-payoff condition and MT under RT-payoff condition was found. The correlations between RT and MT under MT-payoff condition and RT-MT payoff condition are significant (p less than .05). Also high canonical correlation between RTs and MTs was found. Results suggested that the motor program in the simple task may be executed more effectively under MT-payoff condition than RT-payoff conditions and also that a certain amount of generality between RT and MT under the payoff conditions might exist in multivariate domains. PMID- 7367160 TI - Dimensions of problem behavior in learning disabled and normal children. AB - This study examined behavior disorders of learning disabled (N = 94) and normal (N = 2,991) children in Grades K--8, using the Behavior Problem Checklist. Learning disabled youngsters had significantly more problems on four of the five Checklist dimensions. Few interactions with age, sex, and social class were significant. PMID- 7367161 TI - Does the 'torque test' measure cerebral dominance in adults? AB - The direction of drawing a circle, labeled the 'torque test' (Blau, 1977), was evaluated in 74 normal adults (age 14 to 44 yr.) as a predictor of both handedness and cerebral dominance on the dichotic listening test. The results indicate that torque is related to handedness but not to lateralization of language. We suggest that circle-drawing by adults is dependent more on the muscle mechanics of the hand than on cerebral dominance. PMID- 7367162 TI - Smooth pursuit eye movements, schizophrenia, and distraction. AB - This study tested whether smooth pursuit eye-movement dysfunctions, prevalent in a large population of schizophrenic patients, are distinguishable from impaired pursuit induced in normals by a distracting task. Results showed clear qualitative and quantitative distinctions between records of 23 distracted normals and those of 15 schizophrenics. PMID- 7367163 TI - Temporal orientation pre- and post-delivery of a child. AB - 17 men and 30 women were administered Roos' Time Reference Inventory during the third trimester before delivery and again at 6 wk. post-delivery to assess temporal orientation with respect to the delivery of a child. There was no significant difference in temporal orientation in terms of future, past, and present age estimate. PMID- 7367164 TI - Unilateral auditory stimulation and the visual perception of verticality: one more time. AB - The effects of varying conditions of unilateral auditory stimulation on the visual perception of verticality were examined in two experiments using 18 and 42 subjects, respectively. Significant effects of auditory stimulation and hand used to make the verticality adjustments were not found. With only one exception in Exp. 2, the starting position of the rod also had no influence on the ability of the subjects to adjust a rod to its vertical position. The literature pertaining to sensory-tonic field theory of perception was critically reviewed. PMID- 7367165 TI - Female intercollegiate athletes' trait-anxiety level and performance in a game. PMID- 7367166 TI - Spatial concept learning in preschool children: motoric experiences and verbal repetition as adjuncts to passive listening. AB - 32 preschool children were matched by age, sex, and pretest scores on spatial concept knowledge. Four groups were (a) instruction (see and hear) only, (b) verbal repetition, (c) fine motor treatment (hand manipulation), and (d) gross motor treatment (body movement). The 11 spatial concepts studied were in front of, behind, beside, on top of, under, around, through, right, left, forward, and backward. There was no difference in performance between groups given instruction only and verbal repetition. The motoric groups learned more than the non-motoric groups. Older children knew more concepts initially but did not learn more new concepts than younger children. PMID- 7367167 TI - Effects of hypnosis and perceptual deprivation on vigilance in a simulated radar target-detection task. AB - Detection efficiency of humans deteriorates rapidly in a variety of monotonous monitoring tasks. The experiment was performed to determine whether or not superior vigilance performance could be obtained through hypnosis in the context of perceptual deprivation. Subjects, forty U.S. Navy personnel, were divided into four groups. Subjects worked on a simulated radar target-detection task before and after one of four treatments. Those given post-hypnotic suggestions for increased alertness made significantly fewer errors in target detection while those exposed to suggestions for decreased performance or perceptual deprivation only showed significant increases in errors. Controls showed no significant changes in errors. Change scores were significantly related to Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale hypnotizability scores for subjects in the hypnosis-augment performance group but not for other groups. PMID- 7367168 TI - Human intelligence and power spectral analysis of visual evoked potentials. AB - The relationship between intelligence and power spectra of visual evoked potential was investigated using 8 normal and 8 mentally retarded children as subjects. The results showed the power spectrum of mentally retarded has a peak at 4 to 6 Hz, whereas that of normal has two apparent peaks at 4 and 12 Hz. It appears the peak at 12 Hz reflects the difference of intelligence. PMID- 7367169 TI - Evidence for perceptual defense using a lexical decision task. AB - In a tachistoscopic experiment employing a lexical-decision task, it was demonstrated that emotional ("taboo") words are not responded to as quickly or as accurately as non-emotional ("neutral") words by 32 college students. The results suggest evidence for "perceptual defense" uncontaminated by response bias. PMID- 7367170 TI - Achromatic rorschach perceptions: some implications for the diagnosis of depression. AB - The number of Rorschach achromatic perceptions of 10 male and 10 female hospitalized uni-polar depressed patients were compared with a control group of 10 male and 10 female hospitalized patients who held diagnoses other than depression or mania. The depressed patients gave significantly more achromatic perceptions than the non-depressed group. There was also a significant effect for sex and in interaction. The long held belief, based on clinical observation, that achromatic perceptions distinguish depressed from non-depressed individuals, was supported by this study. However, the intricacies of the results indicate that direct application in clinical work may be premature without further clarifying research. PMID- 7367171 TI - Part and whole practice for a tracking task: effects of task variables and amount of practice. AB - Whole and part methods were compared to test Naylor's hypothesis that, in a task of high organization, whole methods should become more efficient with increased complexity. Task complexity was varied by having two levels of display-control relationship. The part versus whole comparisons were made in two conditions, one requiring early changeover, the other later changeover to whole task practice. In the early changeover condition no significant differences were found between part and whole methods at either level of complexity. With later changeover, on the other hand, pure part training was inferior to whole training in the high complexity task. This result was present only in the first block of whole practice. No differences were found with the low complexity task. The experiment offers limited support for Naylor's hypothesis. The predicted superiority of the whole method in the high complexity task was only short lived and disappeared with further practice. Furthermore, this prediction was upheld only with later changeover to whole task performance. PMID- 7367172 TI - Frustration as a factor in the height of low achievers' self-portraits. AB - It was hypothesized that the large variance in low achievers' self-portraits may be related to frustration and symbolic acting out. 29 low achievers in Reading and Mathematics were given the Describe Your School inventory. Subjects below the median drew pictures which were taller than pictures drawn by subjects above the median score. It was concluded that frustation must be considered when using height of drawing to analyze low achievers' self-portraits. PMID- 7367173 TI - Role of structured visual field and visual reafference in accuracy of pointing movements. AB - In a visuo-motor pointing task, the accuracy of response was measured in situations which differ in the visual information available and the speed of execution of movement. Results confirm the role of visual cues received from self produced movement in the control of the trajectory of a limb. Furthermore, it can be shown that a structured visual background is important in the treatment of sensory data concerned with the movement and in target localization. This effect is absent in rapidly executed pointing response. PMID- 7367174 TI - The solution of achromatic and chromatic Embedded Figures revisited. AB - Two samples of 20 males and 20 females each were drawn from two Eastern universities. Each of these two samples was presented with the 12-item Form B of Witkin's Embedded Figures Test, with half of each sex receiving the achromatic and half the chromatic format. As in the previous experiment (Bush & Coward, 1974), neither replication yielded a significant difference in mean solution time attributable to the effects of color. However, unlike the previous investigation, no sex differences were observed. PMID- 7367175 TI - Inhibition of--but not between--orientation detectors: a theoretical note on illusions of direction. AB - In accounting for illusions of direction, many current models assume lateral inhibition among orientation detectors; however, that assumption is unnecessary. Rather, the illusions can be predicted by a model based on the pattern of inhibition and excitation across orientation detectors as caused by a single stimulus line. From the collective effects of multiple stimulus lines, a pattern of excitation and inhibition results which is perceived as an illusion of direction. This collective effect is predicted by convoluting a function representing physical orientation of stimulus lines with a function representing the pattern of inhibition and excitation elicited by a single line. Both perceived angle-expansion (repulsion) and perceived angle-contraction (attraction) are generated by the model. PMID- 7367176 TI - Head tip, cue to object elevation and location: implications for the blind. AB - Sighted subjects can accurately direct a light-beam source mounted on their head to the position of their hand on a vertical or horizontal scale by tipping their head in the up-down dimension. A blind person might be trained to utilize head tip cues for location of objects in space. If he scanned his environment vertically (by tipping his head) with a horizontal inear array of photosensitive elements, presence of an object at a given position and elevation could be signalled to him by a small light attached to the object. PMID- 7367177 TI - An experiment to test generalization of feedback from frontalis EMG. AB - 60 subjects participated in a test of the effectiveness of frontalis EMG feedback as a generalized relaxation technique. The experiment was performed in two parts. In the first part, 30 subjects were randomly allocated to a group receiving frontalis EMG feedback (n = 10), a group receiving non-contingent feedback (n = 10) and a group instructed to relax themselves (n = 10). Each group received one baseline session and five training sessions. EMG measurements from the frontalis, trapezius and masseter muscles taken prior to and immediately after the final training session indicated that the frontalis feedback group was more effective in lowering frontalis and masseter EMG activity (though not trapezius activity) than the controls. The second part of the experiment was identical to the first with the exception that the subsidiary muscle sites were the forearm and leg extensors. The results showed that frontalis feedback was no more effective than controls in lowering the EMG levels of these muscles. PMID- 7367178 TI - The paradoxical moon illusions. AB - An adaptation theory of visual space is developed and applied to the data of a variety of studies of visual space perception. By distinguishing between the perceived distance of an object and that of the background or sky, the theory resolves the paradox of the moon illusions and relates both perceived size and perceived distance of the moon to the absolute level of spatial adaptation. The theory assumes that visual space expands or contracts in adjustment to changes in the sensory indicators of depth and provides a measure, A, of this adaptation level. Changes in A have two effects--one on perceived size, one on perceived distance. Since A varies systematically as a function of angle of regard, availability of cues, and the total space-value, A is a measure of the moon illusions, and a practical index of individual differences by pilots and astronauts in the perception of the size and distance of objects on the ground and in the air. PMID- 7367179 TI - Racial and sex differences in "images of the future". AB - Scenarios of future careers were written by 454 senior high school students in a southeastern high school. Random samples of 40 black females, 40 black males, 40 white males, and 40 white females were scored for eight characteristics and means were compared through analysis of variance. Only one sex difference was found, girls rated higher than boys on perception of self as changed in the future. The blacks projected greater career satisfaction for the future but the whites wrote longer scenarios and projected greater perceptions of changes in the world/mankind, greater awareness of future problems, more proposals of solutions to future problems, and stronger perceptions of self as a creative problem solver. There were no differences in commitments to making a better world or solving future problems. PMID- 7367180 TI - Lateral eye-movements, hypnotic susceptibility and imaginal ability in right handers. AB - A total of 46 male and 36 female right-handers were assessed on three measures of left-moving, as well as on hypnotic susceptibility, and several measures of imaginal ability. The three left-moving indices intercorrelated significantly. However, none of these indices correlated significantly with hypnotic susceptibility or imaginal ability variables in either sex. PMID- 7367181 TI - Salience of handedness in the spontaneous self-concept. AB - The distinctiveness postulate regarding selective perception implies that an aspect of a complex stimulus is likely to be noticed in direct proportion to its distinctiveness in the environment in which it is perceived. An implied prediction tested in the present study is that handedness is more salient in the self-concepts of left-handers than of right-handers. The spontaneous self-concept was measured in two different populations by open-ended "Tell us about yourself" questions. In each group, a significantly greater proportion of left- than right handers mentioned their handedness as part of their self-concept. PMID- 7367182 TI - Performance of musicians under noise. AB - Three groups of 10 college music students were exposed to different noise treatments while completing simple math problems. No significant differences were noted between groups. PMID- 7367183 TI - Personality characteristics of three sub-groups of children with reading disabilities. AB - It has been demonstrated that three subgroups of poor readers have a number of unique behavioral characteristics on intelligence, psycholinguistics, and achievement. The present research explored whether further unique behavioral patterns could be delineated between the groups when considering the dimension of personality. The subjects were 64 children between the ages of 7 and 14 yr. who had been referred to a public school summer reading remediation clinic. Four tests were administered: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Durrell Analysis of Reading Difficulty, Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test, and the Rorschach. The subjects were grouped on the Minnesota test cut-off scores into one of three groups and then compared on the dimension of personality. There were significant differences on certain personality variables allowing different group profiles to be established. These personality profiles were discussed. PMID- 7367184 TI - Psychological measurement of memory deficits in dialysis patients. AB - In light of recent research on "dialysis dementia," two questions were raised: (1) Is such dementia an all-or-none phenomenon or is it distributed in severity throughout the population of dialysis patients? (2) Is the dementia related to the uremia itself or to some aspect of dialysis? Memory decline was used as the operational definition of dementia. The Russell revision of the Wechsler Memory Scale was used to measure short- and long-term semantic and figural memory. Results suggested that both semantic and figural memory disturbances were distributed in varying degrees throughout the population of dialysis patients (n = 28). Further findings suggested that figural memory functioning was negatively correlated with the number of dialysis sessions and with the amount of time elapsed since the first dialysis session. Suggestions are made for further research and clinical considerations. PMID- 7367185 TI - Group Embedded-Figures Test: psychometric data. AB - The study examined the performance of 266 undergraduates on the Group Embedded figures Test. Item analyses, distribution characteristics, internal consistency, sex differences, and differences across independent samples were examined. PMID- 7367186 TI - Perceptual-motor deficiency in autistic children. AB - 15 autistic children were matched with normals on the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-motor Integration. The two groups were subsequently compared on ability to (1) increase geometric figure-copying performance using additional information provided during subsequent trials, (2) make figure-ground resolutions, (3) perform a fine motor integration task, and (4) cope with background interference while responding on the Developmental Test of Visual motor Integration. The primary deficit observed in the autistic subjects appeared to be defective monitoring of the motor response. PMID- 7367187 TI - A multimodal approach to elimination of stuttering. AB - Various approaches have been used in the treatment of stuttering. However, none of these approaches have been systematically incorporated via a multifaceted treatment program for the elimination of this disorder. The following case of a 15-yr.-old stutterer is presented to illustrate Lazarus' Multimodal Behavior Therapy Model, which is proposed to integrate various procedures whose singular effectiveness has been demonstrated. PMID- 7367188 TI - Facilitation of discriminated rearing-avoidance in rats with hippocampal lesions. AB - Effects of bilateral hippocampal lesions were investigated in a newly developed discriminated rearing-avoidance task. A significant facilitation of avoidance conditioning was found in rats with hippocampal lesions. The over-all escape topography of the hippocampal-lesioned rats was mostly jumping whereas that of the controls was rearing. These findings suggest that the hippocampal lesion increases reactivity to shock. PMID- 7367190 TI - Left versus right monaural biofeedback for finger temperature changes. PMID- 7367189 TI - Factor analysis of perceptual and cognitive abilities tested by different methods. AB - A battery of visual, perceptual, and cognitive tests, believed to be important for operation of visual sonar displays, was administered to 100 sonar technicians. The measures varied from standard paper-and-pencil tests to computer administered perceptual tasks. The results of 33 different measures on these men were compiled and subjected to a factor analysis. The factors extracted represent cohesive and reasonable groups which cut, to some extent, across testing techniques. However, all of the paper-and-pencil, perceptual-cognitive tests had high loadings on the same common factor, a result with general implications for occupational testing. PMID- 7367191 TI - Reliability of seasonal variation in births of left-handed women. AB - Recently Leviton and Kilty reported that the birth dates of left-handed girls in elementary school display a seasonal trend which peaks in November. We report here a failure to replicate this finding for 257 male and 323 female college students. Further, we have considered the likelihood that the original finding was due to sampling error rather than speculating that environmental factors associated with the season of birth are implicated in the etiology of left handedness, as Leviton and Kilty have stated. PMID- 7367193 TI - Effect of shaping on the acquisition of a simple motor skill. PMID- 7367194 TI - Effects of frontalis biofeedback on subjective ratings of relaxation. AB - Two groups of 20 subjects with elevated muscle tension levels were provided with either contingent (Group 1) or false (Group 2) EMG feedback from the frontalis muscle. Each group received 8 sessions of identical length. Performance of the 2 groups over the final training session was compared. Group 1 showed a marked decrease in frontalis EMG levels over Session 8 whereas Group 2 showed no change in frontalis activity. However, both groups showed a significant increase in reported feelings of relaxation with no difference between groups. To investigate the possibility that subjects attaining very low frontalis levels might show a more marked subjective response, 10 subjects from Group 1 who showed the most marked decrease in EMG activity were compared with the 10 subjects from Group 2 who showed the least decrease. Although both showed an increase in mental relaxation, there was no difference between the groups. PMID- 7367192 TI - Effects of aircraft motion on passengers' comfort ratings and response times. AB - Comfort ratings and response times for changes in the experienced level of comfort were examined in 20 subjects using the NASA Flight Research Center's Jetstar aircraft modified to carry the GPAS system (General Purpose Airborne Simulator). Data were obtained for each of the subjects during two runs of 10 1 min. flight segments. In general, as the magnitude of aircraft motion increased in either the vertical or transverse (lateral) directions, there was an increase in feelings of discomfort and a decrease in response times to those changes. These results suggest parallels between the large body of laboratory data on human reaction time and that collected in this field study on response times to changes in ride comfort. PMID- 7367195 TI - Transient stimulation does not aid visual search: implications for the role of saccades. PMID- 7367196 TI - Susceptibility of a stop consonant to adaptation on a speech-nonspeech continuum: further evidence against feature detectors in speech perception. PMID- 7367197 TI - Happy talk: perceptual and acoustic effects of smiling on speech. PMID- 7367198 TI - Vowel-contingent feature detection. PMID- 7367199 TI - The contribution of vowel duration, F0 contour, and frication duration as cues to the /juz/-/jus/ distinction. PMID- 7367200 TI - Response latency and accuracy in visual word recognition. PMID- 7367202 TI - Clinical research: elements for a prognosis. A conference convened by the Center for Policy Study of the University of Chicago, June 1979. PMID- 7367201 TI - Modification of the human glabella reflex by antecedent acoustic stimulation. PMID- 7367203 TI - A slippery slope. PMID- 7367204 TI - Legal and financial encumbrances to clinical research. PMID- 7367205 TI - Regulatory encumbrances to pharmaceutical research. PMID- 7367206 TI - The physician's heritage. PMID- 7367208 TI - A quantitative assessment of fundamental and targeted clinical research at NIAMDD. PMID- 7367207 TI - The process and politics of federal decision making. PMID- 7367209 TI - Clinical research: elements for a prognosis. PMID- 7367210 TI - Further analysis of research support at NIH. PMID- 7367211 TI - Factors affecting research support and career decisions in clinical investigation. Public expectations and funding of biomedical research. PMID- 7367213 TI - Survey of career choices in surgery. PMID- 7367212 TI - The independent researcher. PMID- 7367214 TI - Manpower training for fundamental clinical research. PMID- 7367215 TI - Toward an adequate pool of clinical investigators. PMID- 7367218 TI - A lawyer's view of the role of patents. PMID- 7367217 TI - An academic investigator's view of collaboration with industry. PMID- 7367216 TI - Improving the scientific base of clinical research by facilitating collaboration among academia, the pharmaceutical industry, and government. PMID- 7367219 TI - The impact of institutional review boards on clinical research. PMID- 7367222 TI - Recombinant DNA and Nuremberg: toward the new application of old principles. PMID- 7367220 TI - On the biology of juvenile delinquency: comments on the essay by Felton Earls, "The social reconstruction of adolescence: toward an explanation for increasing rates of violence in youth". PMID- 7367221 TI - Marihuana "high":a model of senile dementia? PMID- 7367223 TI - Controlled environment treatment (CET). AB - The use of a new method of improving certain physical aspects of the environment imposed on the extremity is discussed. This follows the use of Controlled Environment Treatment in amputation surgery and other specific Centres in the United Kingdom and United States of America. The protocol did not attempt to establish any system of controls, the results being based on observation and clinical impression. In other words it is an extension of CET use in an attempt to obtain a wider experience of its application. One hundrec ases involving 128 treatments are listed over a wide variety of clinical presentations. Recordings were made of the presence or absence of oedema, infection, ischaemia and pain, amongst other relevant data. Certain conclusions proved possible and staff acceptance of the system was obtained. The evidence suggests that the continued use of CET is justified in certain carefully selected clinical conditions. Further, it appears necessary to set up controlled scientific assessments of the system particularly within vascular laboratories where many relevant investigative procedures are carried out on a routine basis. PMID- 7367224 TI - Skin problems of the leg amputee. PMID- 7367225 TI - Standards for modular prostheses. PMID- 7367226 TI - A simple and versatile driving appliance for upper-limb amputees. AB - A simple fixed-hook driving appliance is described, suitable for upper-limb amputees, and its function compared with that of the commonly available ball-and cup device. The hook is reliable, safe and inexpensive. An attachment is also described which fits on to gear levers, allowing the use of the driving appliance to change gears manually. PMID- 7367227 TI - [We need better education in open care and occupational medicine]. PMID- 7367229 TI - [Pain treatment reconsidered]. PMID- 7367228 TI - [Handling of the patient-physician relations]. PMID- 7367230 TI - [Mobilise the body's therapeutic resources and help the patient to function]. PMID- 7367231 TI - [Fears of cancer and ineffective therapy exaggerates the patients sensitivity to pain]. PMID- 7367232 TI - [Is it possible to make better diagnosis?]. PMID- 7367233 TI - [When do the general practitioner need help from a specialist?]. PMID- 7367234 TI - [Analgesic pharmacotherapy--too liberal or too restrictive?]. PMID- 7367235 TI - [Better long-term analgesics, safer dosages, more fantasy are the wishes for the future]. PMID- 7367236 TI - [Effects of many methods depends on the therapist-patient relations]. PMID- 7367239 TI - [Scandinavian report on drugs and traffic. Warning lables for drugs dangerous in traffic]. PMID- 7367237 TI - [Increased demands upon education. Pain therapy centers?]. PMID- 7367238 TI - [Care and treatment]. PMID- 7367240 TI - [Drugs and traffic. Increasing information responsibility for physicians]. PMID- 7367241 TI - [Education of physicians and the European Economic Community]. PMID- 7367243 TI - [Screening--a doubleedged method]. PMID- 7367242 TI - [New rules for specialist training in Finland]. PMID- 7367244 TI - [Health control for breast cancer]. PMID- 7367245 TI - [Mass screening and health controls]. PMID- 7367247 TI - [The immigrant--a problem patient?]. PMID- 7367246 TI - [Mentally vulnerability from the viewpoint of social research]. PMID- 7367248 TI - [Average life expectancy increases--but welfare is a threat against health]. PMID- 7367249 TI - [Pathogenic role of Chlamydia in urogenital infections]. PMID- 7367250 TI - [Hospital infections--a grim reality]. PMID- 7367251 TI - [Results of a survey of the risk factors involved in the incidence of female breast cancer (author's transl)]. AB - A survey of the risk factors involved in the incidence of female breast cancer was conducted in the Hauts-de-Seine and Yvelines departments, near Paris. Two hundred and fifty thousand questionnaires were sent out; 18000 women replied. The family risk factor appeared in 15% of the replies, including 6% which concerned the closest relatives (mother and/or sister). Correlations are established between the various factors, and conclusions are drawn about the possibility of cancer detection according to graded risks. PMID- 7367252 TI - [Assay methods for glycaemia: problems of interpretation (author's transl)]. AB - Glycaemia can be measured by numerous methods, the main ones being reduction methods--which measure both glucose and other reducing agents in the blood and are still widely used after some fifty years--and enzymatic methods, which measure only blood glucose and, consequently, give lower values. Attempts have recently be made at increasing the selectivity of reduction methods, the values obtained being comprised between these two sets of figures. All this may confuse the physician, who should know that within limit values normal and pathological results can only be differentiated by taking into account the assay method. In the future, measurement of glycosyl haemoglobin will probably be used to complement blood glucose assays. PMID- 7367253 TI - [Exclusive approach through the pulmonary artery or r. atrium in the surgical treatment of stenoses of the r. ventricle ejection channel (author's transl)]. AB - In the light of their experience of surgical treatment of right ventricle muscular stenoses, the authors have gradually abandoned the classical approach (ventriculotomy) and now exclusively use a new one through the tricuspid and pulmonary rings. The new approach considerably reduces the number and extent of enlargement patches in the infundibulum and should result in better preservation of the right ventricular function. PMID- 7367254 TI - [Adenolymphomas of the parotid gland]. PMID- 7367255 TI - [Biliary lithiasis in mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 7367256 TI - [Hyperthyroidism with low blood triiodothyronine]. PMID- 7367257 TI - [Association of HLA-DR and adult rheumatoid polyarthritis in southern France]. PMID- 7367258 TI - [HLA-DRw typing in 40 psoriasis patients]. PMID- 7367259 TI - [Value of naloxone in alcoholic coma]. PMID- 7367260 TI - [Do you know PAF?]. PMID- 7367262 TI - [Participation in public service of private nonprofit clinics in Strasbourg]. PMID- 7367261 TI - [Medication observance. Why don't most patients abide by their doctors' prescriptions?]. PMID- 7367263 TI - [The future and the significance of medical computer technology]. PMID- 7367265 TI - [To make the blind draw]. PMID- 7367264 TI - [Anaerobic infections: diseases still of current interest]. PMID- 7367266 TI - [Cholesterol. Tortuous progress]. PMID- 7367267 TI - [The investigation of pancreatic pathology by "grey range" echotomography. Study of 80 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Over an 18-month period, the authors studied 305 cases of patients with or suspected of having pancreatic disease. Although atraumatic and free of danger, it must be borne in mind that echotomography is hampered by the air and water barrier of the hollow organs of the intestines since 20% of subjects cannot be explored. Well defined full or empty pancreatic tumours and acute inflammatory syndromes have well defined echographic appearances. In cases of chronic pancreatitis or poorly defined tumours the diagnosis is more difficult and ultrasound examination often only provides an additional element in a clinical argument. The great reliability of this examination should lead to its use at the beginning of investigations, with the possibility of the result orienting the clinician towards less harmless examinations. PMID- 7367268 TI - [Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with unusual symptomatology. Demonstration of the gastrinoma by endoscopic wirsungography]. AB - A 58-year-old man developed diarrhoea and duodenal ulcer related to a malignant pancreatic gastrinoma. Initial evaluations of basal acid output and serum gastrin level were not significant. Two months later they were typical of Zollinger Ellison syndrome. The tumor was detected by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. PMID- 7367269 TI - [An unrecognised cause of hypercalcaemia: hypercalcaemia-hyocalcluria syndrome]. AB - A 32-year-old man with insulin-dependent diabetes secondary to chronic calcifying pancreatitis of alcoholic origin in whom hypocalciuria (22 to 88 mg/24 hours) was discovered by chance, renal function being normal. Plasma phosphate levels were between 25 and 35 mg/l and the level of parathyroid hormone was at the upper limit of normal. Cervicotomy led to the discovery of three parathyroid glands which were removed. Their weight was increased and their histological appearance normal. The fourth parathyroid was not seen. Hypercalcaemia and hypocalciuria were found during the operation and persis 3 years after, with none of the usual causes being found. This patient has a certain number of characteristics reminiscent of familial hypercalcaemia-hypocalciuria syndrome: high plasma calcium levels associated with low calciuria despite normal renal function and a plasma parathyroid level normal in most cases. The physiopathology of this syndrome remains unknown. Its course is benign, without renal complications. Partial parathyroidectomy is ineffective. PMID- 7367270 TI - [Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Treatment by left subclavian-left main coronary artery anastomosis]. AB - The technique of left subclavian-main left coronary artery is described as the treatment of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, without the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass, which, however, remains on standby. Through a left postero-lateral thoracotomy, the left main coronary artery is detached from the main pulmonary artery with a cuff of pulmonary wall after lateral clamping of the pulmonary artery. Tapes are encercling the pulmonary artery and the descending thoracic aorta, making them ready for an eventual connection to the standby bypass, in case the coronary clamping is not well tolerated. The anastomosis between the left subclavian artery dissected free and the prepared left main coronary artery is then possible and easy even in a small infant. This technique has been used in three infants aged three to thirty months without any mortality nor particular morbidity. PMID- 7367271 TI - [Bilateral trigeminal involvement disclosing Sharp's disease]. PMID- 7367272 TI - [HLA-B27 and ankylosing spondylitis in Tunisia]. PMID- 7367273 TI - [Diffuse pulmonary aspergillosis. Cured after parenteral antimycotic treatment]. PMID- 7367274 TI - [Laser resection of a bronchial carcinoid tumor]. PMID- 7367275 TI - [The role of surgery in the diagnosis and treatment of small isolated pulmonary opacities]. PMID- 7367276 TI - [Burkitt-type lymphoma following Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7367277 TI - [Syncopes caused by carotid sinus hyperreflexia. Value and limitations of cardiac stimulation]. PMID- 7367278 TI - [The hospital and the Gross Interior Product: the recession]. PMID- 7367279 TI - [Autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 7367280 TI - [Galenic drugs of the future]. PMID- 7367281 TI - [The prolonged effect of nitrate derivatives is effective in cardiac failure]. PMID- 7367282 TI - [The interaction of cellular immunity and of viral factors in the pathogenesis and the resolution of HB virus infections in hemodialysis (author's transl)]. AB - A study of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (DC) was carried out in 50 chronic hemodialysis patients divided into 3 groups according to their serological response to the HB virus (HBV): 31 chronic carriers of Ag HBs (13 HBe positive and 18 HBe negative and 19 having eliminated Ag HBs, antiHbs positive). The results of DCH testing were compared in relation to the 3 patient groups. The number and sum of indurations were reduced, this being more marked in the women, in all the uraemic patients tested. Male hemodialysis patients who were carriers of Ag HBe had the weakest responses, significantly more depressed than those of the HBe positive HBe negative or anti-HBs carrier patients. The presence of Ag HBe was correlated with persistently raised transaminases. In chronic carriers of Ag HBe, hepatic cytolysis was always absent when DCH reactions were negative, and was seen only in the presence of a cellular immune reaction. These results suggest the interaction, in the hemodialysis patient, of virological factors related to Ag HBe and cell mediated immunological factors in the pathogenesis of hepatic lesions related to HBV. PMID- 7367283 TI - [Progressive articular contractures. A little known complication of insulin dependent diabetes (author's transl)]. AB - A 17-year-old patient with insulin-dependent diabetes since the age of 2 developed limitation in the range of joint movements (wrist, interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, elbows, knees) which progressively worsened. It is important to seek such articular complications which would seem to be common and probably underestimated in terms of their importance regarding the professional future of these patients. Associated dwarfism (as seen in our own patient) would seem to be rare. The aetiopathogenesis remains hypothetical. It is only by verification of these hypotheses, in particular that of the possibility of increased polymerisation of collagen, that therapeutic deductions (d-penicillamine) may be envisaged. PMID- 7367284 TI - [Circular mechanical colorectal anastomoses (author's transl)]. AB - When they are terminoterminal, circular lower colorectal mechanical anastomoses involve certain risks due to the incongruence of the intestinal ends, to the difficulties encountered in reconstructing the rectal pouch and to ischaemia resulting from stripping of the rectal section. Terminolateral anastomoses between the colon and the anterior surface of the rectal stump are easier and safer. PMID- 7367285 TI - [Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis in the adult: 13 cases]. PMID- 7367286 TI - [Nephrotic syndrome in a child, with minimal glomerular lesions and mesangial IgA deposits]. PMID- 7367287 TI - [Acute immunoallergic thrombopenia due to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim]. PMID- 7367288 TI - [Amebiasis, an occupational disease of sewermen?]. PMID- 7367290 TI - [Interest of the HCG -- Test in the diagnosis of testicular Leydig-cell tumour (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367289 TI - [Cerebral hemorrhage: frequency of hemorrhagic lumbar puncture according to size and site. Diagnostic incidence]. PMID- 7367291 TI - [Latent renal cancer disclosed by a spontaneous subcapsular hematoma]. PMID- 7367292 TI - [The supple bronchial fiberscope. A useful instrument in anesthesia and intensive care]. PMID- 7367293 TI - [Acute pneumopathy due to Lactobacillus lactis]. PMID- 7367294 TI - [Hemolysis following cytapheresis. 2 cases]. PMID- 7367295 TI - [Does the interdiction for a full-time physician in a public hospital against having a private practice permit any exceptions?]. PMID- 7367296 TI - [Evaluation of the conditions of quick decrease in chronic pulmonary tuberculosis morbidity in Lodz during the years 1969-1974]. PMID- 7367297 TI - [Early skin reaction to different allergens and the etiology of chronic nonspecific respiratory tract diseases in agricultural workers]. PMID- 7367299 TI - [Level of G and A immunoglobulins in the saliva and serum of smokers with reference to respiratory tract symptoms]. PMID- 7367298 TI - [Protracted steroid therapy in asthma. II. Immunoglobulins in endogenic asthma]. PMID- 7367300 TI - [Level of immunoglobulins in serum and bronchial washings in patients with chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7367301 TI - [Resting and exercise gas exchanges in patients with chronic bronchitis and mild disorders of the respiratory function]. PMID- 7367302 TI - [Protracted steroid therapy in asthma. I. Immunoglobulins in atopic asthma]. PMID- 7367307 TI - [Clinico-morphological correlations in patients with bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 7367305 TI - [Elasticity and various biochemical sputum components in patients with asthma]. PMID- 7367303 TI - [Value of radiophotography in the detection of lung cancer]. PMID- 7367306 TI - [Fluorescence microscopy in the diagnosis of lung neoplasms]. PMID- 7367308 TI - [Breast cancer following multiple x-ray chest examinations in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis treated by way of pneumothorax]. PMID- 7367309 TI - [Transfer factor (TFX) dosage and the clinical course of primary lung carcinoma]. PMID- 7367304 TI - [Use of balance rheometry in the dynamic surveys of sputum viscosity and elasticity]. PMID- 7367310 TI - [Foreign body in the bronchi coexisting with carcinoma]. PMID- 7367312 TI - [Tracheo-bronchial dyskinesia diagnosed as bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7367311 TI - [Relationship between the results of physical analysis of blood circulation, dynamics of left-ventricular contraction and the ejection time in healthy persons]. PMID- 7367313 TI - [Use of computer technic for evaluation of rehabilitation of elderly patients with movement disorders]. PMID- 7367314 TI - [Current data on adverse effects of clofibrate]. PMID- 7367315 TI - [Primary pulmonary hypertension--morphological studies in the light of our personal case report]. PMID- 7367316 TI - [Gastric emptying in patients with duodenal ulcer following highly selective vagotomy. Isotope studies]. PMID- 7367317 TI - [Clinical analysis of patients with fever treated in the years 1971-1977]. PMID- 7367318 TI - [Blood flow in peripheral arteries of the upper extremities in occupational vascular diseases]. PMID- 7367319 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of total vaginal prolapse following previous hysterectomy in our records]. PMID- 7367320 TI - [Asthma and hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 7367321 TI - [Treatment of prostatic carcinoma with phostrolin and bromocriptine while monitoring serum concentrations of testosterone and prolactin]. PMID- 7367322 TI - [Participation of basic female hormones in the pathogenesis of hypertension]. PMID- 7367323 TI - [Active prevention of gastric carcinoma in rural populations as based on the principles of free radicals pathology]. PMID- 7367324 TI - [Evaluation of the relationship between hemodynamic parameters of the left ventricle and the pre-ejection time in healthy persons]. PMID- 7367325 TI - [Vitamin E (tocopherol) levels in the blood serum and myocardium of rats with myocardial micronecrosis caused by stimulation with isoprenaline]. PMID- 7367326 TI - [Transitional cell carcinoma -- diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties]. PMID- 7367327 TI - [Exercise therapy of hypertension under hospital conditions]. PMID- 7367329 TI - [Comparative studies of the activity of leucine aminopeptidase and glycyl aminopeptidase in liver and biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 7367328 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in a case of renal crossed ectopy]. PMID- 7367330 TI - [Case of successfully treated thyroid cancer diagnosed exclusively on the basis of thin-needle biopsy of lymphatic metastases]. PMID- 7367331 TI - [Study of lithium transport through cell membrane in bipolar affective disorder on the model of red cell]. PMID- 7367332 TI - [Massive pulmonary embolism as a diagnostic problem in a cardiological clinic]. PMID- 7367333 TI - [Analysis of various methods of treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis]. PMID- 7367334 TI - [Necessity to prevent psychosomatic trauma caused by major gynecologic operations]. PMID- 7367335 TI - [Effect of one-year training on left-ventricular systolic time interval in female handball players]. PMID- 7367336 TI - [Activity of various enzymes in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cigarette smokers]. PMID- 7367337 TI - [1-year follow-up of hypertensive patients after exercise therapy]. PMID- 7367339 TI - [Urinary calculi as a complication of spinal cord injuries]. PMID- 7367338 TI - [Hemodialysis in psoriasis]. PMID- 7367340 TI - [Case of early liver cirrhosis associated with post-traumatic splenic cyst]. PMID- 7367341 TI - [Lipid metabolism disorders in children with chronic renal failure and effects of hemodialysis treatment]. PMID- 7367342 TI - [Peculiarities and results of surgical treatment of cholelithiasis in old age]. PMID- 7367343 TI - [Erythrocyte level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in psoriasis]. PMID- 7367344 TI - [Antifoaming properties of Espumisan facilitating the preparation of patients for endofiberoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 7367345 TI - [Clinical pharmacokinetics of penicillins]. PMID- 7367346 TI - [Castelman's tumor in retroperitoneal space coexistent with thrombopenia]. PMID- 7367348 TI - [Legal status of doctors--nationals of countries belonging to the European Economic Community]. PMID- 7367347 TI - [Climacterium and coronary disease]. PMID- 7367349 TI - [Diagnosis of alkaptonuria]. PMID- 7367350 TI - [Various granulocyte functions in multiple sclerosis and other nervous system diseases]. PMID- 7367351 TI - [The development of hospital bed capacity in European hospitals in the years 1961 1975]. PMID- 7367352 TI - Olfactory diagnosis in medicine. AB - Like the reporter who relies on a nose for news, the physician needs a nose for diseases and intoxications. Characteristic patient odors accompany many diseases and intoxications, and their recognition can provide diagnostic clues, guide the laboratory evaluation, and affect the choice of immediate therapy. PMID- 7367353 TI - Prostatic adenocarcinoma: considerations in management. AB - Prostatic adenocarcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer death in men. Although cure of early disease is possible, distant metastases are present at diagnosis in about 50% of patients. Management will improve as understanding of the variables affecting prognosis increases. PMID- 7367354 TI - Cortical blindness: the changing incidence and shifting etiology. AB - The incidence and etiology of cortical blindness--a disorder that usually occurs after cerebrovascular accidents, cardiorespiratory arrest, severe head trauma, or bacterial meningitis--may be changing with the development of effective means of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, as three cases discussed here show. PMID- 7367355 TI - Evaluation of the hemorrhage-prone patient. AB - Evaluation of the hemorrhage-prone patient requires a careful history, attention to pertinent physical findings, and discretionary use of the laboratory. With a basic understanding of normal hemostatic mechanisms, the clinician can choose coagulation tests appropriate to the situation. The pattern of test abnormalities provides clues to where in the hemostatic process the disturbance is located. PMID- 7367356 TI - Arthritis associated with hepatitis: clinical and pathogenetic considerations. AB - Synovitis may complicate such commonly seen viral infections as hepatitis, rubella, and mumps. This article describes clinical features of hepatitis associated arthritis and discusses its likely pathogenesis. In subsequent issues the author will consider arthritis associated with rubella, mumps, Coxsackievirus, and adenovirus. PMID- 7367357 TI - Salicylate intoxication in family practice. AB - Abuse of readily available, widely advertised drugs like the salicylates often challenges the family physician. But self-medication by the patient may be only part of the problem. This case dramatizes the hazards of "knee jerk" therapeutics and the critical importance of the three C's of primary care. PMID- 7367358 TI - Rx (...as prescribed) PMID- 7367360 TI - Help for the impaired physician. PMID- 7367359 TI - The full-time doctor in a community hospital. PMID- 7367361 TI - Plea from an impaired physician's wife. PMID- 7367364 TI - Short stature. PMID- 7367365 TI - The underweight patient. PMID- 7367363 TI - Renal vein thrombosis. AB - Diagnosis of renal vein thrombosis, a disease of subtle or dramatic onset, depends largely on clinical suspicion confirmed by renal venography. The principles of management are changing as diagnostic advances resolve the "chicken or-egg" quandary over the causal relationship between renal vein thrombosis and the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7367362 TI - Renal tubular acidosis: mechanisms and management. AB - Renal tubular acidosis is not one entity but several. Even though all its forms are characterized by the kidney's inability to excrete an appropriately acid urine, the mechanism of the defect, its laboratory and clinical manifestations, and its management vary considerably. One type can cause disabling complications in various organ systems, while another is generally asymptomatic. Differential diagnosis is straightforward, and treatment effective. PMID- 7367366 TI - Acromegaly and gigantism. PMID- 7367367 TI - The overweight patient. PMID- 7367368 TI - The plethoric, pigmented or pale patients. PMID- 7367369 TI - Selection of medical students: the schoolmaster's view. PMID- 7367370 TI - Selection of medical students: the dean's view. PMID- 7367371 TI - Selection of medical students: the psychologist's view. PMID- 7367372 TI - Managing oral contraception. PMID- 7367373 TI - Conservative management of trigger finger. PMID- 7367375 TI - The effect of a visit to a neurological clinic upon patients with tension headache. PMID- 7367374 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome presenting in the puerperium. PMID- 7367376 TI - Comparison of four emollients in the treatment of various skin conditions. PMID- 7367377 TI - Into the 80s. PMID- 7367378 TI - [The relationship between cardiac action and anthropometric parameters in 1760 foundry workers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367380 TI - [Corticosteroids in the treatment of cavitating pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367379 TI - [Clinical-epidemiological investigations in coal workers on the prevalence of chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367381 TI - [Smoking and lung cancer: population survey about knowledge and attitude (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367382 TI - [Economic partial resection of pulmonary adenocarcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367383 TI - [The current somatic indications of abortion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367384 TI - [Phlebotomus, transmitter of leishmaniasis]. PMID- 7367385 TI - [Aspirin asthma]. PMID- 7367386 TI - [Procetofen in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367388 TI - [Accidents in wintersports during wintertime 1978/79 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367389 TI - [What is your diagnosis? Malignant melanoma of the nodular type]. PMID- 7367387 TI - [Myocardial infarction, lung abscess, collagenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367391 TI - [What is your diagnosis? tarsal tunnel syndrome connected to cicatrization after a burn injury]. PMID- 7367390 TI - [Double-blind study with the antirheumatic tolmetin in the treatment of inpatients with osteoarthritis of hips and knees (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367392 TI - [Instabilities and disabilities of the knee joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367393 TI - [Diagnostical importance of joint fluid and synovial membrane (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367394 TI - [Comparative characteristics of an erythrocyte suspension with different plasma substitute solutions]. PMID- 7367395 TI - [Use of transfusions of an erythrocyte mass in treating anemia in liver cirrhosis patients]. PMID- 7367396 TI - [Hemogel protective solution for freezing bone marrow cells]. PMID- 7367397 TI - [Age makeup and biochemical characteristics of an erythrocyte population from blood and bone marrow donors]. PMID- 7367398 TI - [Oxygen transfer and the function of the cardiovascular system in complete blood replacement with solutions of chemically modified hemoglobulin: polyhemoglobulin and polyhemoglobulin albumin]. PMID- 7367399 TI - [Treatment of experimental metabolic alkalosis]. PMID- 7367401 TI - [Method and device for assessing the adhesive properties of a blood clot]. PMID- 7367400 TI - [Colorimetric method of determining the residual glycerin in thawed, ashed erythrocytes]. PMID- 7367402 TI - [Our experience in using the Groupematique-MJ 50 system automatic apparatus for performing serological studies]. PMID- 7367403 TI - [Viable quality of erythrocytes stored 12 to 15 years at -196 degrees C]. PMID- 7367405 TI - [Thromboplastic factor of the human erythrocyte stroma]. PMID- 7367404 TI - [Thromboplastin formation characteristics in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]. PMID- 7367406 TI - [Glycogen content in thrombocytopoietic cells from different zones of thrombocytopoiesis]. PMID- 7367407 TI - [Blood service in the concluding year of the 10th 5-Year Plan]. PMID- 7367408 TI - [Effect of the blood flow rate on the blood coagulation process]. PMID- 7367409 TI - [Use of a freshly prepared thrombocyte mass in thrombocytopenic hemorrhages]. PMID- 7367410 TI - [Matrix hypotheses of the enzymatic cascade in blood coagulation]. PMID- 7367411 TI - [Importance of biochemical tests in donor selection]. PMID- 7367412 TI - [Risk of posttransfusion hepatitis in hemophilia patients]. PMID- 7367413 TI - [Blood group and spinal cord hernia]. PMID- 7367414 TI - [Detection of iron deficiency in donors and its prophylactic aspects]. PMID- 7367415 TI - [Planning and organizing a blood donor system]. PMID- 7367416 TI - [Evaluation of the viability of the cells of thawed bone marrow]. PMID- 7367417 TI - [Importance of fluorographic and bacteriological studies for detecting tuberculosis and nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7367418 TI - [Organizational experience with comprehensive tuberculosis control measures in a rural district]. PMID- 7367419 TI - [Ways to improve tuberculosis control and pulmonological care for the rural population]. PMID- 7367420 TI - [Anabolic steroids in the overall treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 7367421 TI - [Trends in the work of the journal, Problemy tuberkuleza, in 1980]. PMID- 7367422 TI - [Prodigiozan in the therapy of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7367424 TI - [Treatment of tuberculosis in persons with mental diseases]. PMID- 7367423 TI - [Effect of heparin on the functional state of the cardiovascular system in active pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7367425 TI - [Morphological characteristics of the activity of the focal processes in the lungs]. PMID- 7367426 TI - [Results of tuberculosis control work during 1973-1978]. PMID- 7367427 TI - [Dynamics of the experimental tuberculous process under the influence of nerobol]. PMID- 7367428 TI - [Action of the hormone, thyrocalcitonin, on the development of experimental osteoarticular tuberculosis]. PMID- 7367429 TI - [Bilateral resections in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7367430 TI - [Development of pulmonary tuberculosis in mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 7367431 TI - Symposium on Nutrition of the mother and child. PMID- 7367432 TI - Bioavailability to man of carbohydrate in foods. PMID- 7367434 TI - The effect of anxiety on metabolic rate. PMID- 7367435 TI - Fasting heat production and maintenance requirement of early-weaned pigs. PMID- 7367433 TI - Cross-cultural aspects of pregnancy and breast feeding. PMID- 7367437 TI - Variation in probable feed intake of ewes given concentrates with varying trough space allowance or self-help feedblocks. PMID- 7367436 TI - Possible palliative role of cortisol treatment in protein-deficient pregnant rats. PMID- 7367438 TI - Physiological effects of marginal riboflavin deficiency in young adults and geriatrics: a reduction in the in vivo survival time of erythrocytes. PMID- 7367439 TI - Infant feeding: mothers' antenatal attitudes and subsequent practices. PMID- 7367440 TI - Intra-strain differences in the response to overfeeding in the rat. PMID- 7367441 TI - Fat transplantation into nude mice as a model for studying species differences in fat cell metabolism. PMID- 7367442 TI - Assessing dietary intake and its relation to growth in British children. PMID- 7367443 TI - Morphological changes in the retinas of rats fed semi-synthetic diets. PMID- 7367444 TI - Symposium on Nitrogen Metabolism. PMID- 7367445 TI - A follow-up study of nutrition and anthropometry in pre-school children. PMID- 7367446 TI - Renal lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis in streptozotocin-diabetic rats: effect of dietary sucrose. PMID- 7367447 TI - Notes from a forum on the assessment of nitrogen requirements. PMID- 7367449 TI - [The new tannin determination method of the Pharmakopoe Helvetiae VI]. PMID- 7367448 TI - Formulation and ageing of tablets prepared from indomethacin-polyethylene glycol 6000 solid dispersions. PMID- 7367450 TI - [Liver protection therapy. 1]. PMID- 7367451 TI - [The significance of garlic and garlic preparations in phytotherapy]. PMID- 7367452 TI - [Arteriosclerosis--a pathologic adaptation synrome?]. PMID- 7367453 TI - Nicotine and amphetamine: differential tolerance and no cross-tolerance for ingestive effects. AB - Rats chronically treated twice daily with nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, SC) or d,1 amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg, SC) exhibited different patterns of anorexia, hypodipsia, and body weight loss. Amphetamine-treated rats developed tolerance to these ingestive effects and to weight loss, whereas nicotine-injected rats did not. There was little, if any, evidence for cross-tolerance when the drugs were switched between the two groups. These results indicate that different mechanisms underlie the ingestive effects of nicotine and amphetamine. PMID- 7367454 TI - Interaction between phencyclidine (PCP) and GABA-ergic drugs: clinical implications. AB - Pretreatment (IP) of mice with (-) baclofen, muscimol, 4,5,6,7 tetrahydroisoxazolo (S,4-c) pyridin-3-ol hydrate (THIP), aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) or gamma-acetylenic GABA caused a dose-dependent inhibition of thelocomotor stimulant effect of phencyclidine (PCP, 8 mg/kg). Although (-) baclofen was found to be the most effective PCP antagonist, its (+) isomer was inactive. The maximum blocking effect of AOAA was seen in animals treated 3 and 6 hr earlier. Except for gamma-acetylenic GABA, none of these drugs significantly blocked the locomotor stimulant effect of d-amphetamine (3 mg/kg, IP). Diazepam reduced d-amphetamine response, but failed to influence PCP-induced stimulation. The locomotor stimulant effect of PCP, unlike that of d-amphetamine, may be the result of a specific GABA antagonistic effect at certain dopamine-rich areas of the brain. It seems that (-) baclofen may prove to be useful in the management of PCP intoxication. Administration of higher doses of PCP (20 and 50 mg/kg) in mice pretreated with (-) baclofen resulted in the development of surgical anesthesia manifested as the loss of a) righting reflex, b) pain sensation and c) corneal reflex. The duration of the general anesthetic response was found to be a function of the doses of both (-) baclofen and PCP. The possible use of (-) baclofen as an adjuvant to general anesthetic is discussed. PMID- 7367455 TI - Effects of GABA receptor blockade on stimulation-induced feeding and self stimulation. AB - Frequency thresholds for eating elicited by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus of rats decreased in a dose-dependent manner after intraperitoneal (IP) administration of picrotoxin, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist that blocks GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition. Strychnine IP, a glycine antagonist that blocks glycine-mediated synaptic inhibition, had no effect. By contrast, frequency thresholds for self-stimulation at the same electrode site significantly increased after picrotoxin. Again, strychnine had no effect. These findings indicate that GABAergic mechanisms are involved in both electrically elicited feeding and self-stimulation. They also suggest a dissociation of the neural substrates which subserve these behaviors. PMID- 7367456 TI - Effect of chronic treatment with estrogen on the dipsogenic response of rats to angiotensin. AB - Female rats treated with estradiol benzoate for 23 weeks at doses of 25 and 44 microgram/kg/day had an attenuated drinking response to peripheral administration of graded doses of angiotensin I and angiotensin II. No significant difference between the responses of the two estrogen-treated groups was observed, suggesting that maximal attenuation had been attained with the lower dose. Angiotensin II (50, 100 and 200 microgram/kg, IP) increased urine output and urinary sodium excretion rate in a graded fashion with increasing doses in both control and estrogen-treated rats. However, the latter had a somewhat greater response. Administration of angiotensin I (50, 100 and 200 microgram/kg, SC) had a similar, but less consistent, effect on urine output and urinary sodium excretion rate in both control and estrogen-treated groups. The attenuated drinking response of estrogen-treated rats to angiotensin I and angiotensin II suggests either that administered angiotensin failed to gain access to the brain or that central receptors mediating thirst are less sensitive in estrogen-treated rats. The present studies fail to distinguish between these possibilities. PMID- 7367457 TI - Development of tolerance to the rewarding effects of self-administered S(+) amphetamine. AB - Rats were implanted with chronic intravenous cannulae and trained to bar press for intravenous, self-administered S(+)-amphetamine (AMPH). After establishment of a steady baseline at 0.25 mg/kg/reinforcement, the animals were removed from the test situation and subsequently injected three times a day four days with increasing amounts of AMPH (total=78 mg/kg). Thirty-six hours after the last injection, the animals were tested for tolerance to self-administered AMPH, and all the animals increased the amount of drug intake by at least 45% over baseline. The brain disppearance of a 10 mg/kg IV dose of AMPH was measured for the chronic AMPH and saline treated subjects to test for the possibility of enzyme induction. No differences were found. These data indicate that drug self administration in rats is a useful paradigm to study tolerance to the rewarding effects of AMPH and indicate that drug self-administration in rats is a useful paradigm to study tolerance to the rewarding effects of AMPH and may be useful in understanding the mechanisms mediating the mood elevating properties of the drug observed in humans. PMID- 7367458 TI - Effects of heroin and naltrexone on plasma prolactin levels in man. AB - Plasma levels of prolactin were increased following intravenous self administration of heroin by young men with a history of heroin addiction. Following 10 days of controlled heroin usage, tolerance could be demonstrated to the acute prolactin-releasing effect of heroin. There was no evidence that a single dose of naltrexone affected basal prolactin levels. PMID- 7367459 TI - Effects of chlordiazepoxide, food familiarization, and prior shock experience on food choice in rats. AB - Chlordiazepoxide (5, 10 mg/kg) increased the time devoted to eating familiar laboratory chow without altering the response to a range of novel, palatable foods which were also available to the food-deprived rats. Prior experience with the same range of alternative foods (food familiarization) radically changed the effect of the drug. After familiarization with these foods, chow was virtually ignored as a food choice, indicating its low relative palatability; chlordiazepoxide then prolonged the time eating the familiarized foods without significantly increasing the response to chow. These results are not consistent with an anti-food neophobia action of chordiazepoxide. They suggest instead that chlordiazepoxide enhances feeding responses related to food saliency. Footshock, delivered two days before the food choice test affected performance within the test. Its effects were opposite those of chlordiazepoxide, but they competed additively with the drug's effects. These results indicate that chlordiazepoxide's action was not simply to remove any inhibitory effect on feeding produced by fear; instead the drug promoted approach to food antagonizing any deficit in approach associated with fear. These findings are viewed as consistent with an action of chlordiazepoxide to augment the level of feeding motivation. Chlordiazepoxide (15 mg/kg) may act to overcome food neophobia. PMID- 7367460 TI - Single and repeated air blast stress and brain histamine. AB - Exposure of rats to air blasts for 1, 5 and 15 min resulted in a significant increase in plasma corticosterone level and in the hypothalamic histamine concentration. Midbrain histamine content was increased after 1 and 5 min of exposure but cortical histamine increased following 1 min of exposure only. Stress of longer duration (30 mins did not significantly affect histamine concentration in any of the three brain regions investigated, although plasma corticosterone level remained very significantly (14.5-fold) elevated. Repeated exposure of rats to air blasts of 15 min duration resulted in a significant elevation of hypothalamic histamine concentration while midbrain and cortical histamine was not significantly altered. Plasma corticosterone level was again very significantly (10-fold) increased. Present results suggest the involvement of brain histamine in the response to stress. PMID- 7367461 TI - Dorsal periaqueductal gray punishment, septal lesions and the mode of action of minor tranquilizers. AB - In order to study the role of the septo-hippocampal system and the dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG) substance in punished behavior and in the action of minor tranquilizers, two groups of rats were trained to lever press on a continuous reinforcement schedule of food presentation. In one group, every response was subsequently punished by foot-shock delivery; in the other, by brief electrical stimulation of the DPAG of the mesencephalon. In both groups response rats were reduced to less than 10% of pre-punishment rates, but not completely supressed. Response rates did not significantly differ between the two groups, either before or after the introduction of punishment. Septal lesions significantly increased responding in the animals punished by foot-shock, but did not affect responding suppressed by DPAG stimulation. Injection of chlordiazepoxide (5mg/kg,IP) significantly increased punished responding in both groups of rats, before as well as after the septal lesion. Before the septal lesion was made, responding suppressed by foot-shock was significantly more released by chlordiazepoxide than responding punished by DPAG stimulation. These results suggest that in punishment tests using foot-shock, both a behavioral inhibitory system, including the septo-hippocampal structures and an aversive or punishment system, including the DPAG substance, act together to produce response suppression. Both these systems would be depressed by minor tranquilizers in order to cause their anti-punishment and perhaps their anti-anxiety action as well. PMID- 7367462 TI - Effects of acute and chronic administration of phenobarbital and d-amphetamine on schedule-controlled behavior. AB - The effects of acute and chronic administration of phenobarbital and d amphetamine were determined in rats responding under a multiple fixed-interval five minute fixed-ratio 30 (mult FI 5 FR 30) schedule of food presentation. After determining the acute effects of each drug, the drugs were injected daily with one group of rats receiving the drugs before each behavioral session while another group received the drugs immediately after each daily session. After four to seven consecutive injections, tolerance developed to the effects of phenobarbital on the average rates of responding under FI and FR schedule components only if the drug was administered before each session. Tolerance was more pronounced for responding druing the terminal portions of the FI component than for responding during either the initial portions of the FI or the FR component. Evidence for a selective tolerance to the effects of the drug on responding during the final segments of the FI was also obtained in rats responding under an FI 5 schedule. In contrast, injection of d-amphetamine for seven to eight consecutive days failed to produce any tolerance to the effects of the drug on responding under mult FI 5 FR 30, FI 5, or FR 30 schedules. These results indicate that the development of tolerance to the effects of phenobarbital depended both upon the temporal relationship of the drug effects to the behavioral testing and upon the schedules controlling behavior. These findings are discussed in terms of theories of behavioral tolerance. PMID- 7367464 TI - Transfer of information with brain extracts from donors to recipients in passive avoidance behavior. AB - Experiments were conducted in a step-through, one-trail, passive-avoidance situation, in order to study the effect of crude or 10,000 dalton-ultrafiltered brain extracts, from trained donor rats, on the learning of the same behavior in naive or undertrained recipient rats. A positive transfer effect was consistently detectable in the latter, apparently related to consolidated learning, but not to the level of avoidance performance or of general activation in the donors. Temporal and cognitive requirements, for such an effect to occur, have been established with regard to donor-training and recipient-managing procedures. A tentative explanation of the transfer effect in the passive-avoidance behavior cannot disregard the possibility of material transmission of information pertaining to a response elicited by primary or secondary reinforcement. Such a response, although quite distinct from the somatomotor response, would be necessary to its acquisition but not to its expression. PMID- 7367463 TI - Locomotor effects of catecholaminergic drugs on herpes-infected mice. AB - Changes in spontaneous, amphetamine (AMP) and apomorphine (APO) induced locomotor activity were used to assess the effects of central nervous system (CNS) infection with herpes type 1 virus. A dual herpesvirus inoculation procedure was used in which the animals received an immunizing footpad inoculation followed at 2 weeks by an identical intracerebral challenge. Four weeks later the animals were tested with intraperitoneal injections of saline or d-l-amphatmine (0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg). When footpad herpes-virus was given via one or two injections, it had no effect on spontaneous or AMP induced activity. When food-pad-intracerebral herpes mice were tested 28-33 days post intracerebral inoculation, they demonstrated depressed AMP-induced but not spontaneous activity. AMP at a dosage of 5.0 mg/kg overcame the herpesvirus blockage of 0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg AMP induced activity. Intraperitoneal injection of APO in day 3 post-IC animals produced less suppression of activity in the virus group than in the controls. These results suggest that non-fatal CNS herpes infection produces hypoactivity, in contrast to thehyperactivity during acute fatal CNS herpes encephalitis (Lycke & Roos, 1975), and that the effect may be due to alterations in postsynaptic receptor sensitivity. PMID- 7367465 TI - Clomipramine treatment of hyperventilation syndrome. AB - Six patients suffered from a hyperventilation syndrome for 3.4 +/- 1.2 years. They had a lowered PAco2 at rest and an abnormal CO2 response curve. During the entire period they had received unsuccessful treatment with anxiolytics, and had also undergone behaviour therapy for the last 1 -- 2 years without success. Both treatments were discontinued and the patients were placed on clomipramine, 25 mg t.i.d. for 9 months. Their anxiety and hyperventilation attacks diminished after one month of clomipramine, and their fear of attacks an their phobias subsided after two months. Eighteen months after clomipramine therapy had been initiated, they were feeling well without medication. The possible mode of action of clomipramine on the hyperventilation syndrome via central serotonergic mechanism is discussed. PMID- 7367466 TI - [20 years experience with chlorprothixene (author's transl)]. AB - Chlorprothixene was the first neuroleptic of the thioxanthene group and was marketed in 1959 under the trade names of Taractan and Truxal. Since then 20 years have passed and the authors were of the opinion that it would be opportune to study the literature published during these 20 years. They perused 801 publications, hereof 542 clinical works. Of these clinical works 109 were suited for statistical analysis. They represented 7109 patients. The other publications comprise 4378 patients which means that all the literature studied consists of a total of 11487 patients. The chlorprothixene proved to be a broad-spectrum neuroleptic with good therapeutic effects. Side effects, especially the extrapyramidal symptoms, appeared only seldom. Among the 11487 patients only 1.02% showed extrapyramidal symptoms and of these only 0.05% had tardive dyskinesias. Sme evidence seems to exist that these are schizophrenic patients showing extrapyramidal symptoms, without having received neuroleptics. It is the authors' opinion that chlorprothixene is still a neuroleptic of topical interest. PMID- 7367467 TI - Tryptophan emission from human hemoglobin and its isolated subunits. PMID- 7367469 TI - The photoreactions of 8-methoxypsoralen with tryptophan and lens proteins. PMID- 7367468 TI - Ultraviolet inactivation of the midi variant of Q beta RNA: the sites of UV induced replication inhibition. PMID- 7367470 TI - Reduced cystine concentration in blood plasma exposed to broad spectrum light. PMID- 7367471 TI - Enhanced killing of Chinese hamster cells following combined exposure to 'sunlight' and x-rays. PMID- 7367472 TI - Adaptation of renal ammonia production to metabolic acidosis: a study in metabolic regulation. PMID- 7367473 TI - Learning the cardiac cycle: simultaneous observations of electrical and mechanical events. PMID- 7367474 TI - Estimations of permeability properties of pulmonary capillaries (continuous endothelium). PMID- 7367475 TI - Permselectivity of intestinal capillaries. PMID- 7367476 TI - Transport of proteins by diffusion, bulk flow and vesicular mechanisms. PMID- 7367477 TI - Pulmonary endothelial and epithelial vesiculation as a response to increased blood-to-tissue filtration. PMID- 7367479 TI - Permeability of capillaries in muscle, skin, and subcutaneous tissue. PMID- 7367478 TI - Influence of solvent-drag and perfusion heterogeneity on mass transport in skeletal muscle capillaries. PMID- 7367480 TI - [Properties of macromolecular accumulation in endothelial cells and their potential role in vesicular transport]. PMID- 7367481 TI - Consecutive barriers to movement of water and solutes across the liver sinusoids. PMID- 7367482 TI - The interstitial matrix as a barrier in blood-to-lymph solute movement. PMID- 7367483 TI - Is the transport of hydrophilic substances across the capillary wall determined by a network of fibrous molecules? PMID- 7367484 TI - Preparation of anti-lipolytic substance from Panax ginseng. PMID- 7367485 TI - Effect of Artobotrys odoratissimus extracts on rat uterine glycogen, protein- and nonprotein nitrogen. PMID- 7367486 TI - Investigation of Strychnos spp. VI - Pharmacological studies of alkaloids of Strychnos potatorum seeds. PMID- 7367487 TI - Effects of O-methylflavinantine on the response to coaxial stimulation of guinea pig ileum. PMID- 7367488 TI - Antibacterial property of tetramethylpyrazine from the stem of Jatropha podagrica. PMID- 7367489 TI - Screening of euphorbia from Azarbaijan for skin irritant activity and for diterpenes. PMID- 7367490 TI - Naturally occurring isohexenylnaphthazarin pigments: a new class of drugs. PMID- 7367491 TI - [Studies on elimination of silymarin in cholecystectomized patients. I. Biliary and renal elimination after a single oral dose]. PMID- 7367492 TI - Isolation of an antidermatophytic, tryptanthrin, from indigo plants, Polygonum tinctorium and Isatis tinctoria. PMID- 7367493 TI - Neuromuscular and cardiovascular actions of tetramethylpyrazine from the stem of Jatropha podagrica. PMID- 7367494 TI - Toxicity of extracts of roots and leaves of Telfairia occidentalis. PMID- 7367495 TI - [In vitro- and vivo-metabolism of 14C-didrovaltrate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367496 TI - Entrapment mechanism and ocular injury in orbital blowout fracture. AB - The entrapment mechanism of the orbital blowout fracture is due to the phase difference of the movement of solid, bony, and elastic, soft orbital structures. The mechanism is enforced secondarily by the increased hydraulic pressure of the orbital contents that results from the orbital and periorbital edema that occurs shortly after the trauma. In addition, according to our concept, the primary causative factor in the mechanism of the orbital blowout fracture is the buckling force, confirmed by our clinical analysis of 101 cases of pure blowout fractures. PMID- 7367497 TI - Recurrent ameloblastoma of the jaws--a review of 22 cases. AB - A retrospective study of 22 patients who had surgical treatment for recurrent ameloblastoma of the jaws at our clinic, within a period of 16 years, was carried out. (1) The recurrent lesion in 18 patients was due to an inadequate previous operation; (2) massive soft-tissue recurrences even after wide mandibular resection occurred in 4 patients; and (3) a malignant transformation was noted in 1 patient. PMID- 7367498 TI - Tongue-flaps--turntable and a two-stage forked flap in primary reconstruction after excision of oral carcinomas. AB - The tongue provides adequate material for lining in repair after excisional surgery for oral carcinoma, involving primarily the cheek and the floor of the mouth. Two flaps are described that utilize about one-third of the tongue. One of the flaps is based on a turntable principle and is attached only at its base to the mucosa. The other is a two-stage procedure, in which the tongue is forked at the time of admission when the patient is being prepared. The smaller prong on the same side is opened on the external aspect like an oyster shell. This procedure has the advantage of needing no twisting of the flap to bridge the defect. PMID- 7367499 TI - Velopharyngeal insufficiency due to hypoplasia of the musculus uvulae and occult submucous cleft palate. AB - With the help of nasopharyngoscopy, it was possible to delineate specific morphologic changes in the palates of patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency, without an overt cleft and without the triad of symptoms of submucous cleft palate, visible through the oral cavity. Such malformations are part of the broad spectrum of the faulty midline mesodermal fusion of the palate. This anomaly is aptly called occult submucous cleft palate, because it can only be detected by viewing the functioning palate from the nasal surface. The musculus uvulae is either absent or deficient and is frequently associated with some degree of muscular diastasis that does not involve the oral surface. Like the cleft of the secondary palate, the submucous cleft palate often occurs as part of a generalized syndrome of multiple malformations. PMID- 7367500 TI - Speech prosthesis versus pharyngeal flap: a randomized evaluation of the management of velopharyngeal incompetency. AB - Thirty-nine children with moderate-to-severe velopharyngeal incompetency were randomly assigned to either prosthetic or surgical palatal management. A classification for evaluating velopharyngeal incompetency was designed. The prosthetic speech appliance, when obtained and tolerated, corrected velopharyngeal incompetency as effectively as did pharyngeal flap surgery. However, the noncompliance and failure rate for prosthetic management was 35 percent. The surgical failure rate was 9 percent. Furthermore, 33 percent of patients who received prosthetic management have subsequently undergone pharyngeal flap surgery. The equivalency of these types of palatal management lead one to question the combination of the noncompliance and failure rate for prostheses, the incidence of secondary surgical conversions, and the persistent sense of deformity with prosthetic management. PMID- 7367502 TI - A mastopexy technique for mild to moderate ptosis. AB - A surgical technique for mastopexy, done through a circumareolar incision and leaving no noticeable scar, is described. The skin brassiere is undermined and a rotation-invagination and suture maneuver are performed which simultaneously augments the projection of the breast and elevates the nipple-areola complex. The overlying skin contours itself to the reshaped breast. The favorable results obtained in six patients with this new method are encouraging and further use in selected patients is planned. PMID- 7367501 TI - Breast reconstruction after mastectomy: problems in position, size, and shape. AB - Having learned that healed mastectomy wounds will stretch sufficiently to accommodate an implanted prosthesis, we must pay more attention to the position, and shape of the breast mound created by the prosthesis. We have briefly discussed our methods and the considerations we feel are important in this regard, but, even after extensive experience, we confess that the problems are still with us. Clearly, surgical methods and prostheses must improve. PMID- 7367503 TI - An anatomical study of the pectoralis major muscle as related to functioning free muscle transplantation. AB - The prerequisites for a functioning free muscle transplant are reviewed. A method for studying the anatomy of the pectoralis major muscle is presented, giving special attention to the detail of the neurovascular structures. Fifteen meticulous dissections, documented by sketches and photographs, provide the data base. This work is summarized in Table I and Figure 3. The variability is stressed in Table II. None of the variations observed preclude the use of the inferior four-fifths of the sternocostal muscle as a functioning free muscle transplant. The length and bulk of this muscle are advantages for its use in replacing forearm flexors. The multiple innervations may be an advantage or disadvantage, depending on the availability of the motor nerves in the recipient site. The time-consuming dissection is a disadvantage. With this knowledge, the reconstructive surgeon can assess the advisability of using the pectoralis major muscle as a functioning free muscle transplant. PMID- 7367504 TI - Microsurgical free partial toe transfer in hand reconstruction: a report of 12 cases. AB - The foot is an invaluable bank of spare parts available for reconstructing the mutilated hand. The dorsalis pedis flap, the extensor digitorum brevis muscle, and the first and second toes can now be used as free transfers. We believe that partial toe transfers, including either sensitive cutaneous flaps or composite tissue, are also extremely useful in properly selected patients. PMID- 7367506 TI - Recurrent basal cell carcinoma. A review concerning the incidence, behavior, and management of recurrent basal cell carcinoma, with emphasis on the incompletely excised lesion. AB - Although controversial among dermatologists and surgeons, the conclusion based on this review is that basal cell carcinomas, with marginal histologic involvement, should be reexcised. When the margins contain tumor with one high-power field (400X), it is reasonable, in view of the 12 percent recurrence risk, to carefully follow patients who are elderly or are experiencing other extenuating circumstances. PMID- 7367505 TI - A comparison of light and scanning electron microscopy in nerve regeneration studies. AB - An assessment of qualitative axonal regrowth after injury using standard light microscopy compared to scanning electron microscopy has been presented. The superior resolution of the scanning electron microscope demonstrates a view of axonal surface anatomy not previously available. Once certain technical problems have been resolved, these methods should become routine in nerve regeneration research. PMID- 7367507 TI - The deflating saline implant--facing up to complications. PMID- 7367509 TI - The alar cinch in the flat, flaring nose. PMID- 7367508 TI - Presidential address. PMID- 7367510 TI - A simple support for unstable fractures of the zygomatic arch. PMID- 7367511 TI - Midline sinus of the upper lip and a theory concerning etiology. AB - A rare case of midline upper-lip sinus, without associated congenital anomalies, is presented. Etiopathogenesis between cleft central upper lip and central philtral sinus differ. Therefore, several theories for etiology are discussed, and a more plausible theory of epidermal burrowing and invagination is presented. PMID- 7367512 TI - Tetanus resulting from osteomyelitis of the zygoma. AB - This case of successfully managed clinical tetanus following osteomyelitis of a minimally fractured zygoma serves to remind us to consider the possibility of this diagnosis even in an apparently uncomplicated facial wound. The prodromal and clinical signs of tetanus in this case are classical. Early recognition of the disease and appropriate supportive measures lead to an anticipated outcome. PMID- 7367513 TI - For your peace of mind. PMID- 7367514 TI - On the effect of reserpine on microcirculatory flow in rat flaps. PMID- 7367515 TI - Comparison of results of pushback or Von Langenbeck repair of isolated cleft of the hard and soft palate. PMID- 7367516 TI - The Hugh Johnson sign of early Dupuytren's contracture. PMID- 7367517 TI - [Incidence of psychosomatic disorders in patients with bipolar psychoses (pilot studies)]. PMID- 7367518 TI - [Suicide as a cause of death in patients with endogenous affective disorders]. PMID- 7367520 TI - [Remarks regarding disorders of cognitive functions in the pathomechanism of schizophrenia]. PMID- 7367519 TI - [Organization and documentation of the work of psychiatric social workers (according to the experience of the Department of psychiatric Care in Chorzow during 1975-1977)]. PMID- 7367521 TI - [Case of apallic syndrome of undetermined etiology]. PMID- 7367523 TI - [Remarks on the esthetic aspects of art therapy of schizophrenic patients]. PMID- 7367522 TI - [Case of encephalitis of undetermined etiology and clinical picture of catatonic amentive syndrome]. PMID- 7367524 TI - [Analysis of neuroses in students]. PMID- 7367526 TI - Discussion of Dr. John Romano's "Twenty-five years later" on the occasion of the First Annual Hyman M. Forstenzer Symposium. PMID- 7367525 TI - [Possibility of occurrence of psychoses after pridinol treatment]. PMID- 7367527 TI - Current and future issues in community mental health. PMID- 7367528 TI - The suicidal patient: points concerning diagnosis and intensive treatment. PMID- 7367529 TI - Twenty-five years later. PMID- 7367530 TI - Personality and non-medical use of drugs. PMID- 7367531 TI - Use of the interpersonal compatibility construct in research on psychotherapy. PMID- 7367532 TI - Effect of speakers' sex and size of audience on heart-rate changes during short impromptu speeches. PMID- 7367533 TI - An exploratory study of self-esteem and brain dysfunction in elementary school children. PMID- 7367534 TI - Implications of the personality assessment system for marital counseling: a pilot study. PMID- 7367535 TI - Personality, value and behavioral correlates of the type A individual. PMID- 7367536 TI - Anxiety in asthma: panic-fear symptomatology and personality in relation to manifest anxiety. PMID- 7367537 TI - Age norms for Templer's Death Anxiety Scale. PMID- 7367538 TI - Two measures of loneliness: a comparison. PMID- 7367539 TI - Role of trait anxiety and induced arousal in two-flash threshold of neurotic patients. PMID- 7367540 TI - Non-professionals' attributions of deviant behavior: mental illness as a non preferred label. PMID- 7367542 TI - Isolation and psychosocial functioning. PMID- 7367541 TI - Microdiagnosis and misuse of scores and standards. PMID- 7367543 TI - Biofeedback-regulated asymmetries in facial skin temperature. PMID- 7367544 TI - Aggressive and socially disruptive behavior among maximum security psychiatric patients. PMID- 7367545 TI - Creativity and cognitive style in learning disabled and nondisabled school age children. PMID- 7367546 TI - Seasonal variation in Irish suicidal deaths. PMID- 7367547 TI - Psychological adjustment of adopted and nonadopted children. PMID- 7367548 TI - Child-care attitudes and development of young children of mentally ill and well mothers. PMID- 7367549 TI - Hypnotherapy for weight control. PMID- 7367550 TI - Vocational interests of criminal offenders: a typological and demographic investigation. PMID- 7367551 TI - Elimination of chronic self-injurious behavior by withdrawal of staff attention. PMID- 7367553 TI - The blueberry syndrome. PMID- 7367552 TI - Heart-rate responses and Hebb-Williams Maze performance in three different age groups of rats. PMID- 7367554 TI - Death anxiety among the elderly. PMID- 7367557 TI - The International Reference Center on Psychotropic Drugs--activities, plans, and news briefs. PMID- 7367556 TI - Use of moral discussion as an intervention with delinquents. PMID- 7367555 TI - Essential hypertension: subjects' estimation of blood pressure as an aid to response generalization. PMID- 7367558 TI - Psychopharmacology in the setting of a psychiatric intensive care unit. PMID- 7367559 TI - Brain amine hypothesis. PMID- 7367561 TI - Annual NCDEU Meeting (1979)--abridged proceedings. PMID- 7367560 TI - Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the ACNP--abridged proceedings. PMID- 7367562 TI - Resumes of research projects in psychopharmacology. PMID- 7367563 TI - Reports from the WHO Collaborative Centers for the Study of Psychotropic Drugs in the Netherlands and Japan. PMID- 7367564 TI - Psychiatry, the medical model, and primary care. PMID- 7367565 TI - Management of psychosomatic problems: the fourth dimension. PMID- 7367566 TI - Dermatopsychosomatics: an overview. PMID- 7367567 TI - A consultation-liaison fellowship in a community hospital. PMID- 7367568 TI - Problems and practices in geriatric psychopharmacology. PMID- 7367569 TI - Psychological intervention in the treatment of cancer. PMID- 7367571 TI - Psychosocial factors in the rehabilitation of elderly amputees. PMID- 7367570 TI - Paradoxical response to amphetamine in a hyperkinetic adult. PMID- 7367573 TI - Influence of control--display compatibility on tracking behaviour. PMID- 7367572 TI - On knowing the meaning of words we are unable to report--confirmation of a guessing explanation. PMID- 7367575 TI - Post-trial stimulation and the acquisition of conditioned suppression in the rat. PMID- 7367574 TI - Effects of post-operative environment on recovery from dorsal hippocampal lesions in young rats: tests of spatial memory and motor transfer. PMID- 7367576 TI - Effects of partial symmetry, exposure time, and backward masking on judged goodness and reproduction of visual patterns. PMID- 7367577 TI - Orienting of attention. PMID- 7367578 TI - The effects of graphemic and phonemic similarity between targets and masks in a backward visual masking paradigm. PMID- 7367579 TI - Cognitive arithmetic: evidence for right hemispheric mediation in an elementary component stage. PMID- 7367580 TI - Hearing by eye. PMID- 7367581 TI - An electrochemical analysis of changes in properties of DNA caused by ionizing and ultraviolet radiations. AB - Electrooxidation and electroreduction of gamma- and u.v.-irradiated DNA were studied by means of differential pulse voltammetry at the graphite electrode and differential pulse polarography at the dropping mercury electrode. Two separated voltammetric oxidation peaks G and A were used for monitoring conformational changes in guanine . cytosoine (GC) and adenine . thyminde (AT) pairs respectively in irradiated double-stranded (ds) DNA. Pulse-polarographic reduction peak III was used for detection of denatured DNA in the irradiated samples of ds DNA. It was found that the heights of peaks G and A of ds DNA did not change with the radiation dose after relatively low doses of gamma- and u.v. radiations (up to ca. 40 krads and 1 X 10(4) Jm-2, respectively, when no single stranded (ss) DNA was detected in the irradiated DNA samples. After higher doses of radiation the occurrence of ss DNA or ss segments in the irradiated samples of ds DNA was accompanied by an increase of peaks G and A; however, peak A grew more rapidly with the increasing dose than peak G. It was concluded that the results obtained support the assumption, according to which regions of ds DNA rich in AT pairs are more susceptible to denaturation caused by gamma- and u.v.-radiations. PMID- 7367582 TI - Analysis of primary processes in the foramtion of acentric fragments. AB - An analysis of primary processes in the formation of excess acentric fragments in human lymphocytes was carried out in experiments with 220 kV X-rays after acute exposure (D = 50 R/min, 25--400 R) and fractionated exposure (340 R split into two equal fractions, separated by intervals between 50--360 min). Chromosome analyses occurred after conventional staining. Applying G-banding data from an acute X-irradiation experiment representative dose-effect curves for acentrics could be established which take into account one-break and two-break events in the formation of this aberration type. For the time dependent primary breaks necessary for the formation of two-break two-track acentrics a mean interaction time t approximately = 102 min could be calculated. This is well in line with the corresponding time t approximately = 110 min for dicentrics. The distribution of acentrics among cells shows the phenomenon of overdispersion. PMID- 7367583 TI - Lack of effect of electric field exposure on rats: a data re-evaluation. AB - Three recent investigations of the possible effects of to Hz electric fields on rats have yielded apparently contradictory results. While one group of investigators reported that chronic exposure to a 15 kV/m field caused several biological effects, the other two groups did not find these effects at 25 kV/m and 100 kV/m, respectively. A re-examination of the data from the 15 kV/m experiments indicates that the reported effects were probably artifacts due to improper statistical analysis and to a cage design which resulted in transient electric shocks (spark discharges) to the exposed rats. Hence, the results of all three investigations are consistent with a lack of biological effects from chronic exposure to 15--100 kV/m electric fields. PMID- 7367584 TI - Photodynamic potentialities of some phenothiazine derivatives. AB - The quantum yields of fluorescence and phosphorescence and the triplet lifetimes were determined for 29 phenothiazine derivatives: the phi p values are varying from 0.2 to 1. The irradiation of phenothiazine derivatives in aerated solutions yields from the triplet state to the formation of singlet oxygen and more especially of superoxide ions and cation-radicals characteristic of the dye. Relative values of the formation rate were determined for these two mechanisms. Production of cation-radicals was correlated with photoxicity in vivo. Chlorination enhances the two phenomena and acetylation reduces to nothing. A maximum value was estimated for the quantum yield of photoionization. PMID- 7367586 TI - Wn and neutron kerma for methane-based tissue-equivalent gas. PMID- 7367585 TI - Repeated inhalation exposure of mice to 144CeO2. II. Biologic effects. PMID- 7367588 TI - Partition coefficient as a guide to the development of radiosensitizers which are less toxic than misonidazole. PMID- 7367589 TI - The effects of X radiation on the canine heart. PMID- 7367587 TI - Time-temperature conversions in biological applications of hyperthermia. PMID- 7367590 TI - Influence of 226Ra on bone marrow stem cells in mice: effect of radium decorporation by a long-term treatment with Na-alginate on stem-cell damage. PMID- 7367592 TI - Seebohm. Triumph or disaster? PMID- 7367591 TI - Mechanism of the formation of X-ray-induced phosphenes. I. Electrophysiological investigations. PMID- 7367594 TI - The problems of health and communications of the Asians under five. PMID- 7367593 TI - Care of immigrant under-fives. Some aspects of health service planning for children of cultural minorities. PMID- 7367596 TI - Prevention of surgical wound infections in operating rooms. PMID- 7367595 TI - The Coma Arousal Team. Procedures for the patient's professional attendants and for his family. PMID- 7367597 TI - Contamination of meat. The effects of slaughter practices on the bacteriology of the red meat carcass. PMID- 7367598 TI - The need for behavioural science in the dental curriculum. PMID- 7367599 TI - The future is ours. PMID- 7367600 TI - Silver recovery--departmental management approach. AB - Silver from spent fixing solutions offers a challenge to recover consistently the maximum possible grams of silver per square metre, resulting in a high financial return. It also helps in keeping a clean environment, whilst assisting in the maintenance of silver stocks. The benefits of control in management of silver recovery have been demonstrated using the high current density electrolytic method. While this system is expensive, the high prices paid for silver very quickly repay the initial cost. Thereafter with the exception of a small collection charge the return is considerable. PMID- 7367601 TI - Electrical safety of mobile X-ray units. An important warning. PMID- 7367602 TI - Darkroom safelighting and its effects. PMID- 7367603 TI - An interest in motivation. PMID- 7367604 TI - Symposium on advances in ultrasonography. PMID- 7367605 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7367606 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of the neonatal brain. AB - Ultrasound examination of the infant brain has been performed in selected medical centers for many years. However, the equipment necessary for obtaining satisfactory visualization of the brain has only recently become commercially available. Currently, ultrasonography is an excellent, noninvasive, inexpensive, rapid, and safe imaging modality for the evaluation of hydrocephalus and other pathologic conditions of the neonatal brain. Ventricular size can often be evaluated in infants up to two or three years of age, but a detailed image of the brain parenchyma becomes more difficult to obtain in a term infant after the first two to three months of life. With the use of the water path and high resolution, real-time systems and with the delineation of structures by multiple projections, (axial, coronal, sagittal and occipital), complex abnormalities may be delineated. PMID- 7367607 TI - Ultrasound mammography. PMID- 7367608 TI - Sonographic patterns arising from normal and abnormal bowel. PMID- 7367609 TI - Ultrasonography of superficially located structures. PMID- 7367610 TI - Basic concepts of ultrasonic tissue characterization. PMID- 7367611 TI - Advances in instrument design and image recording. PMID- 7367612 TI - Abdominal and peripheral applications of real-time ultrasound. PMID- 7367613 TI - Diagnosis of cirrhosis based on regional changes in hepatic morphology: a radiological and pathological analysis. AB - Transverse images of cirrhotic livers revealed specific morphological changes. The right lobe exhibited relatively greater shrinkage, while the caudate lobe underwent relative enlargement. Sonograms or CT scans of 25 proved cirrhotic livers, 25 normal livers, and 15 livers with diffuse disease other than cirrhosis were analyzed using a number of measurements and ratios to evaluate and quantify the frequency and possible diagnostic value of these alterations. Using the ratio of transverse caudate lobe width to transverse right lobe width, cirrhotic livers could be separated from noncirrhotic liver (both normal and abnormal) with a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 94%. Another ratio revealed relative widening of the porta hepatis in 84% of cirrhotic livers, but this was not specific for cirrhosis. Pathological analysis of 11 cirrhotic cadaver livers revealed greater fibrosis in the right lobe than in the caudate lobe. PMID- 7367615 TI - Hepatic arterial redistribution for intraarterial infusion of hepatic neoplasms. AB - An aberrant hepatic artery occurs in approximately half of the population. With increased use of selective intraarterial chemotheraphy for hepatic neoplasms, an aberrant artery becomes a significant obstacle. Occlusion of the artery was attempted to redistribute the entire hepatic arterial flow from multiple arteries to a single artery to facilitate the effect of infusion. There were six hepatic artery variations found in the ten patients evaluated for this study. The aberrant left hepatic artery was embolized in five patients, and a replaced right hepatic artery was embolized in six; one patient had embolization of two hepatic arteries. The standard embolization method used Gelfoam and a coil to achieve proximal occlusion of the hepatic artery. Redistribution of hepatic flow through intrahepatic collaterals was achieved in all cases. PMID- 7367614 TI - Retrograde pancreatic venography: autopsy study. AB - Changes of the venous system in various pancreatic diseases were evaluated by retrograde pancreatic venographic studies done on 110 autopsy specimens of the pancreas. Fifty-one normal specimens exhibited well filled, regularly arranged veins. Postmortem autolysis (ten specimens) caused penetration of contrast medium into the parenchyma. Acute pancreatitis (six specimens) was associated with hypervascularity and venous irregularity. Chronic pancreatitis was associated with unevenly distributed venous deformities. Pseudocysts caused avascular foci which displaced adjacent vessels. Seven pancreatic cancers produced irregular encasement and occlusion of pancreatic and peripancreatic veins with thrombosis of major portal trunks-changes differing substantially from those caused by other diseases. Periancreatic cancer invading the pancreas caused encasement of superficial and occasionally deep pancreatic vessels. Acute leukemic infiltration demonstrated extreme deformity with complete structural disorder of intrapancreatic branches. Retrograde pancreatic venography, if used clinically, would enable radiographic diagnosis of the most common diseases of the pancrease. PMID- 7367616 TI - The use and limitations of the barium pharyngogram in the detection of velopharyngeal insufficiency. AB - A barium pharyngogram was incorporated into the multiview videofluoroscopic evaluation of the velopharyngeal portal in 195 subjects in order to assess its usefulness in demonstrating competence or incompetence. Reflux of barium was always associated with a velopharyngeal gap and/or hypernasality; however, the absence of reflux was not similarly diagnostic. The pharyngogram proved to be useful in confirming the presence of a palatal or pharyngeal-flap fistula. While it is helpful in assessing velopharyngeal closure in selected cases, it should not be used in the absence of other information. PMID- 7367617 TI - Extension of gastric lymphoma into the esophagus and duodenum. AB - In 81 patients with gastric lymphoma, spread of tumor beyond the stomach was analyzed based on radiographs and medical records. Tumor extension into the esophagus was present in 10% of patients, and spread across the pylorus into the duodenal bulb was seen in 33%. When the gastric fundus alone was involved, transcardial extension was seen in four of 10 patients, and when only the antrum was involved, transcardial extension was seen in four of 10 patients, and when only the antrum was involved, transpyloric extension was present in six of seven patients. One-third of the patients with gastric lymphoma secondary to disease in adjacent structures had contiguous involvement of the esophagus or duodenum. This study shows that transcardial extension cannot be used to differentiate gastric lymphoma from adenocarcinoma, and its confirms the frequent occurrence of transpyloric tumor extension in patients with gastric lymphoma. PMID- 7367619 TI - Traumatic fissural hemonpneumothorax. AB - A case of interlobar air-fluid collections following nonpenetrating chest trauma is presented. Radiographic features which suggest the diagnosis of traumatic fissural hemopneumothorax are discussed. PMID- 7367620 TI - Coronary sinus-left atrial window. AB - Left atrial-coronary sinus fenestration is a rare cause of a left-to-right or right-to-left shunt which occurs most commonly with a persistent left superior vena cava. These fenestrations may represent the only pathway for an obligatory right-to-left or left-to-right shunt in atrioventricular valve atresia. Four cases are presented. PMID- 7367618 TI - The radiologic appearance of chemical pleurodesis. AB - Intrapleural instillation of drugs (chemical pleurodesis) was performed in 57 patients with malignant pleural effusions or recurrent pneumothorax. Agents used included mechlorethamine hydrochloride (nitrogen mustard), quinacrine hydrochloride (Atabrine), tetracycline, and others. The most frequent finding on chest radiographs (56%) was multiple loculated air-fluid levels, an appearance simulating an empyema. Resolution of these changes occurred in one to three weeks. Late sequelae included pleural thickening (63%) or the development of a severe fibrothorax. In the majority of the six patients treated for recurrent pneumothoraces, the radiographic appearance returned to normal. The appearance of a new air-fluid level following withdrawal of the chest tube in one patient indicated a complicating empyema. PMID- 7367621 TI - Spontaneous pneumothorax: an uncommon manifestation of Wegener granulomatosis. AB - Pneumothorax is an unusual manifestation of Wegener granulomatosis. Two cases are presented which illustrate a definite association between the entities. Pneumothorax may be the initial and only pulmonary manifestation, or it may occur in combination with other evidence of the disease. PMID- 7367622 TI - Dissecting hematoma of the thoracic aorta extending into a coronary artery: angiographic demonstration. AB - Coronary artery dissection due to intramural extension from a dissecting hematoma of the aorta is an uncommon but well-recognized complication, occurring in 8% of a large pathological series. Angiographic demonstration of a case is presented and other causes of coronary artery dissection are discussed. PMID- 7367623 TI - The bulbous bowel segment: a sign of congenital small bowel obstruction. AB - A study of 29 neonates with intestinal obstruction has shown that a massively dilated, bulbous terminal segment of bowel is characteristic of neonatal infestinal obstruction of congenital origin. The sign is an important diagnostic indicator but its absence does not exclude intestinal atresia. PMID- 7367625 TI - Calcification in childhood leiomyoma. AB - Leiomyoma is a benign, smooth-muscle tumor which rarely affects children. Calcification in this tumor is unusual. Two boys, aged three and six years, had large axillary leiomyomas with "mulberry" calcifications similar to those seen in calcified uterine leiomyoma. The lesions did not recur after total surgical excision. PMID- 7367624 TI - Osteomyelitis of the cervical spine following dental extraction. AB - Osteomyelitis of the cervical spine developed in two children following dental extraction. A significant delay in diagnosis and treatment in both cases may have contributed to subsequent permanent spinal deformities. The possibility of cervical osteomyelitis must be considered in a child when severe neck pain develops following dental extraction. PMID- 7367626 TI - Computed tomography of acute intratumoral hemorrhage. AB - Analysis of the CT findings in 35 cases of tumoral hemorrhage (taken from 973 intracranial tumors) revealed three distinct patterns of bleeding: (a) hematoma, (b) central hemorrhage, and (c) hemorrhagic infarction. The location, multiplicity of lesions, and contrast enhancement are important in the diagnosis, and the clinical history and arteriography may also be helpful. The largest single group in this series consisted of 12 metastatic lesions: the others included glioblastoma (7), chromophobe adenoma (4), Grade I astrocytoma (3), medulloblastoma (3), central neuroblastoma (2), histiocytic lymphoma (2), and ependymoma (1). The relatively low mortality rate (21/35) despite marked neurological deterioration is attributed to prompt CT demonstration of hemorrhage followed by aggressive therapy (surgical evacuation, total resection, radiotherapy, and/or steroids or mannitol). PMID- 7367627 TI - Computed tomography of disseminated coccidiodomycosis. AB - Fifteen cases of disseminated cerebral coccidioidomycosis (DCC) were evaluated by computed tomography (CT). Of the 14 patients with abnormal CT scans, all but 2 showed definite evidence of hydrocephalus. Abnormalities of the basal cisterns were present on non-contrast scans in 8 cases (53%). Ten (67%) demonstrated abnormal contrast enhancement of basal cisterns and other cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces. White-matter lesions were detected in 6 cases (40%). Hydrocephalus usually follows abnormal enhancement of basal cisterns. A consistent relationship between active disease (as diagnosed by CSF complement fixation titers) and contrast enhancement could be demonstrated only in the first weeks of the illness. PMID- 7367628 TI - Calcification of the choroid plexus visualized by computed tomography. AB - Physiologic calcification of the choroid plexus increases in frequency and extent with age. As demonstrated in this report, it is visualized nine to 15 times more frequently with computed tomography (CT) than with plain skull radiography. Calcification involving the temporal horns is associated with neurofibromatosis. Young patients with exuberant calcification in the region of the glomerula, or with calcification extending into the bodies of the lateral ventricles should be evaluated for conditions associated with pathological calcification of the choroid plexus. This also applies to patients of any age in whom calcification of the choroid plexus in the roof of the third ventricle or in the region of the foramen of Monro can be visualized with routine CT center and window levels. PMID- 7367629 TI - Computed tomographic localization of the precentral gyrus. AB - The superior frontal, precentral, and central sulci of fixed brain specimens were marked and then scanned by computed tomography. A constant relationship between the posterior ends of the superior frontal and precentral sulci facilitated accurate identification of the anterior border of the precentral gyrus in both unmarked fixed brains and patients. Precise localization of this gyrus can aid in localization of lesions and correlation with functional changes. PMID- 7367630 TI - Congenital defects of the inner ear in association with meningitis. AB - Three patients presented with meningitis associated with congenital defects of the inner ear, consisting of a cyst-like cochlea and a short, wide horizontal semicircular canal. The findings were easily identified on routine skull radiographs, alleviating the need for further studies and leading to treatment of the defect. PMID- 7367631 TI - Maxillary sinus hypoplasia visualized with computed tomography. AB - Three patients with hypoplasia of the maxillary sinus were examined with standard radiography, linear or hyocycloidal tomography, and computed tomography (CT). The mucoperiosteal membranes and orbital contents were more clearly differentiated with CT than with conventional tomography. In most cases of maxillary sinus hypoplasia, the diagnosis can be made from the plain radiographs. However, CT can confirm the diagnosis and provide direction for a surgeon to perform a biopsy or to surgically approach the area. PMID- 7367632 TI - The combined CT-sialogram. AB - Parotid sialograms were obtained in 18 patients. Immediately following sialography, computed tomography (CT) was performed. The results of the combined CT-sialography were compared to those of sialography alone, and are presented here. CT-sialograms allowed for confident preoperative differentiation of deep lobe parotid masses (in nine pateints) and parapharyngeal masses (in five patients). In four patients, the lesions involved both the parotid gland and the adjacent soft tissue. There were no errors in diagnosing malignancies (seven malignant masses, 11 benign), and subtle masses, which may be easily missed on sialograms, were more clearly seen on the combined study. With the CT-sialograms, the extent of metastatic involvement of adjacent structures was also more easily determined. PMID- 7367633 TI - Postirradiation changes of the liver demonstrated by computed tomography. AB - Postirradiation changes of a liver containing a lesion as demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) is described. After treatments of 2,000 and 3,000 rad (20 and 30 Gy), the size of the mass decreased and CT showed a region with low attentuation and sharp, straight borders, corresponding to the radiation portal. PMID- 7367634 TI - Normal roentgen variant: aberrant right hepatic artery on computed tomography. AB - An aberrant right hepatic artery was visualized between the portal vein and inferior vena cava in 20 of 100 patients examined by computed tomography. The origin of this aberrant vessel from the celiac or superior mesenteric artery was visualized in five cases. It is important to recognize this as a normal variant, especially if surgery in the area of the hepatoduodenal ligament is planned, so as to avoid necrosis of the right lobe of the liver. PMID- 7367635 TI - Differentiation of acoustic shadowing due to calculi and gas collections. AB - In abdominal sonography, acoustic shadowing may be seen distal either to calculi or gas collections. This in vitro study suggests that acoustic shadows distal to calculi contain significantly fewer echoes, and are therefore more sharply defined than those distal to gas collections. Artifactual reverberation echoes within acoustic shadows distal to gas collections result from virtually total sound reflection at tissue-air interfaces, whereas shadows distal to calculi are primarily due to sound absorption. The appearances of shadowing distal to calculi or gas collections may be of value in clinical sonography. PMID- 7367636 TI - The pseudo-dilated common bile duct: ultrasonographic appearance created by the gallbladder neck. AB - A retrospective analysis of 111 ultrasonograms was performed in order to evaluate the relationship of the gallbladder neck to the common bile duct and portal vein. Of the 100 studies deemed technically adequate, eight contained scans that demonstrated a potentially confusing pattern of a pseudo-dilated common bile duct caused by either a redundant or folded neck of the gallbladder. Recognition of this entity as well as the use of real-time ultrasound equipment should minimize false-positive diagnoses of extrahepatic bile duct dilatation. PMID- 7367637 TI - Coexistent hydatidiform mole and live fetus in the second trimester: an ultrasound study. AB - The authors describe 4 cases of hydatidiform mole with a live fetus delivered between 20 and 22 weeks gestation. The ultrasound and clinical findings and the pathological classification are discussed. In 2 patients the mole completely replaced a separate placenta in a multiple gestation; in the other 2, the mole partially replaced a solitary placenta. PMID- 7367638 TI - Ultrasonography and nephrotomography in the presymptomatic diagnosis of dominantly inherited (adult-onset) polycystic kidney disease. AB - Results of an ongoing four-year study evaluating the role of ultrasonography, nephrotomography, and routine excretory urography in the presymptomatic diagnosis of adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD) are reported. Of 39 asymptomatic individuals who were at risk for APKD, 16 had abnormal studies-eight had bilateral renal cysts withouthepatic cysts on both imaging studies, four had bilateral renal cysts on both imaging studies and hepatic cysts on at least one imaging study, two children who did not have sonographic studies had bilateral renal cysts on nephrotomography, and two children who had a normal nephrotomography had unilateral renal cysts on ultrasonography. Consequently, children of adults with known APKD can be identified as presymptomatic by gray scale ultrasonography, nephrotomography, and/or excretory urography. Gray scale ultrasonography alone is sufficient for family screening for APKD. PMID- 7367639 TI - Technical factors influencing the imaging of small anechoic cysts by B-scan ultrasound. AB - Ultrasound examination of small cysts in vivo and in vitro has demonstrated that several factors can interfere with recognition of their true anechoic nature. Reverberation and the effects of the beam width can interact with adjacent acoustic reflectors to produce artifactual echoes. Sonic enhancement in distal tissues varies with time gain compensation, frequency, and the position of the focal zone. If the operator is aware of this problem, he can compensate for these effects and thereby improve diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 7367640 TI - Comparison of resting intracoronary particulate imaging and stress thallium-201 studies. AB - Stress thallium-201 and resting dual intracoronary particulate imaging were evaluated in 120 patients who underwent coronary angiography. Forty of 42 patients without significant coronary disease had normal stress images and 41 had normal rest studies. Eighty-three stress perfusion defects were identified in 61 of 78 patients with coronary artery disease. At rest, 39 of these defects were resolved or improved, whereas 44 remained unchanged. The angiographic presence of collateral vessels and radionuclide evidence of blood flow distribution through them could not always be correlated as 36 angiographic collateral vessels had no regional distribution flow patterns with either method. Particulate studies demonstrated myocardial flow distribution through 25 angiographic collateral vessels and further identified seven collateralized areas not seen angiographically. The resting particulate images additionally defined flow distribution patterns in 15 instances in which the angiogram indicated two potential sources of blood supply. PMID- 7367641 TI - The nonspecificity of diffuse pulmonary uptake of 67Ga on 24-hour images. AB - Eighteen patients who underwent whole-body scintigraphy 24 and 48 hours after intravenous injection of 67Ga-citrate were evaluated retrospectively. At 24 hours, 7 of the 16 normal patients (44%) and both abnormal patients demonstrated significant pulmonary uptake. However, by 48 hours, only 2 normal patients (12%) remained positive, while both abnormal patients continued to show significant pulmonary activity. The authors conclude that 48-hour 67Ga images offer improved specificity and uncompromised sensitivty in patients with diffuse pulmonary disease. PMID- 7367642 TI - Serendipity in technetium-99m dimethyl iminodiacetic acid cholescintigraphy: diagnosis of nonbiliary disorders in suspected acute cholecystitis. AB - Technetium-99m dimethyl iminodiacetic acid cholescintigraphy has contributed significantly to the diagnosis of acute and chronic biliary tract disorders. Yet attention should also be focused on the other structures visualized during the blood pool, hepatocyte, renal excretory, and intestinal phases of the study. Nonbiliary pathology was detected in 42 of 294 patients (14.3%) studied for suspected acute cholecystitis. The serendipitous detection of previously unsuspected abnormalities assisted in directing further work-up from suspected biliary disease and towards the real source of the patient's acute problem in 28 cases (9.5%). PMID- 7367643 TI - Survey of 99mTc contamination of laboratory personnel: its degree and routes. AB - Internal contamination of personnel preparing 99mTc labeled radiopharmaceuticals was confirmed by detection of radioactivity in urine. Observation of work habits, whole-body scanner studies, nose swabs, and wipe tests in the hot laboratory demonstrated that: (a) contamination of the laboratory coat occurred during radiopharmaceutical preparation; (b) the degree of personnel contamination appeared to be higher among the short in stature; and (c) no gross evidence was found to indicate that internal contamination took place through an air-borne route. While the calculated internal radiation dose is minimal, even this could be avoided if particular precautionary practices are observed. PMID- 7367644 TI - Management of intramedullary spinal cord tumors. AB - From January 1962 to May 1979, 23 patients with biopsy-proved intramedullary spinal cord tumors were treated initially with total resection, subtotal resection, irradiation, or subtotal resection and irradiation. Local control was achieved in 1/2 patients after total resection, 1/3 after subtotal resection, 8/9 after subtotal resection and radiation therapy, and 5/8 after radiation therapy alone. The patients with ependymomas exhibited a radiation dose-response relationship; of eight patients followed five or more years postirradiation, local control was achieved in 2/3 with time dose fraction (TDF) less than 55, 2/3 with TDF 55-65, and 2/2 with TDF greater than 65. The actuarial 5- and 10-year survival rates were 58% and 23% for astrocytoma, and 100% and 73% for patients with ependymoma, respectively. Neurological deficits improved or became totally normal after initial irradiation. Patterns of failure, management of recurrences, and radiotherapeutic techniques and dose recommendations are discussed. PMID- 7367645 TI - Radiation therapy for patients with asymptomatic lung cancer. AB - The usefulness of thoracic irradiation was evaluated in 62 patients with asymptomatic Stage III carcinoma of the lung. In 48 patients, the disease was confined to the thorax, in eight supraclavicular nodes were involved, and in six there were distant metastases. Fourteen patients were in poor general conditions as well. Fourteen patients received a short course of irradiation (less than 3,000 rad [30 Gy]), while 48 received radical doses (5,500-6,000 rad [55-60 Gy]). Five patients (8%), all with carcinoma confined to the thorax, survived three years. Radical radiation therapy plays a positive role in the treatment of asymptomatic State III carcinoma of the lung, and may result in tumor control in those patients with no extrathoracic disease. PMID- 7367646 TI - Scanography with rotation of the radiographic tube: a new method. AB - The quality of the radiographic image is compromised by secondary radiations and geometric unsharpness, which is proportional to the focal spot size. The authors describe a new system which significantly improves both elimination of scatter and reduction of the apparent focal spot size and gives superior radiographs to those made with a conventional x-ray machine. Advantages of the new system include (a) the lack of resolution and density gradients across the radiograph, (b) increased contrast due to descreased scatter, (c) increased resolution, (d) possible routine radiography with a 100-mu focal spot, (e) up to 2.5 x magnification, (f) increased acceptable kVp range, and (g) decreased dose to the patient. PMID- 7367647 TI - A new improved coil for tapered-tip catheter for arterial occlusion. AB - The original coil emboli were designed for untapered-lip catheters. New coils have been designed for tapered-lip (1mm) catheters and have two helical diameters of 3 and 5 mm, respectively. The adaptation of the new coil to a tapered-tip catheter greatly simplifies its use in arterial occlusion. PMID- 7367648 TI - Heating patterns produced by 434 MHz erbotherm UHF 69. AB - Thermal distributions of 434 MHz Erbotherm H 69 hyperthermia/diathermy generators in tissue-equivalent medium have been investigated. Thermocouples were used to measure temperatures at a set of grid points. Cylindrical and abdominal phantoms were heated and sectioned after heating to measure the temperatures at depth. Results indicate that there is potential for heating deep-seated tumors. The distributions were influenced by the number, shape and geometry of the applicators employed. PMID- 7367649 TI - Excretory urography with glucagon. AB - Glucagon administered to ten children during excretory urography showed only a transient dilution of contrast material without any other change in the appearance of the urinary tract. No beneficial role for glucagon in routine excretory urography was demonstrated. PMID- 7367650 TI - A helpful technique for difficult urethral catheterizations in boys for voiding cystourethrography. AB - A simple technique used to catheterize boys for voiding cystourethrography, using a feeding catheter while the urethra is distended by a saline solution is described. PMID- 7367651 TI - Intraoperative control of an ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm by Fogarty balloon catheter: a combined radiologic and surgical approach. AB - A method employing an 8-F Fogarty balloon catheter to provide temporary occlusion of a pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta prior to surgery is presented. The technique of occlusion and its benefits are discussed. PMID- 7367652 TI - Cholangiography aided by Fogarty balloon catheters after Rodney Smith cholangio jejunostomy. AB - Transtubal cholangiography following cholangio-jejunostomy is often difficult to perform due to contrast material flow through the end hole of the drainage tube into the jejunum, without filling of the bile ducts via the side holes. The use of Fogarty balloon catheters to overcome this problem is described. PMID- 7367653 TI - Improved technique for cervical metrizamide myelography. AB - Introduction of metrizamide into the lumbar subarachnoid space with the patient in a prone 15-20 degree head-down position improves delivery of contrast material for cervical myelography. Excellent visualization of the spinal cord and nerve roots has resulted using this technique. PMID- 7367654 TI - Transmission media for ultrasonography. AB - Demonstration of organ structures by ultrasonography is sometimes limited due to the gaseous contents of the gastrointestinal tract. Fluids or semifluids which have a variable acoustic transmission may be used to allow passage of the ultrasound through the obstructing boundaries. These material should not have too low an attenuation relative to soft tissues because then the fixed swept gain curve will cause an effective amplication of the posterior echoes. The materials should also not be too attenuating, thus limiting patient penetration. Various liquid transmission media were tested in their ability to eliminate gas deposits in the gastrointestinal tract. Meat soup was found effective in the stomach and Metamucil was found effective in the colon. PMID- 7367656 TI - Afterload mold therapy: a new look at a time honored concept. AB - Afterloading techniques, low energy radium substitutes, and computer assisted dosimetry can be adapted to surface applicator mold therapy. This permits high total dose, low dose rate radiotherapy to be applied to sharply delimited volumes, while restricting exposure of involved personnel. PMID- 7367658 TI - Mammography training in diagnostic radiology residency programs. AB - A national survey evaluated the different methods used to teach mammography. Many programs do not allow residents sufficient responsibility in supervising this examination, while 13% of the programs do not have any required training in mammography. Residents must be directly involved in monitoring and interpreting this examination in order to achieve minimal competency. PMID- 7367657 TI - Manpower requirements for radiologic technologists. AB - A report from a conjoint committee of the American College of Radiology and the American Society of Radiologic Technologists indicates that sufficient personnel are being educated for the profession. It is estimated that there are 130,000 persons operating radiographic equipment of which 100,000 are licensed or certified. On the average, a radiologic technologist performs 2,597 examinations per year. Manpower needs are highest in the South, South-west and Plains regions, with an excess in the West and Northeast. Most registered technologists who leave the profession do so for personal reasons, such as family commitments. PMID- 7367655 TI - A new device for prostate localization in radiotherapy treatment planning. AB - Conventional port planning techniques for radiation therapy do not adequately determine the superior and inferior limits of prostatic tumor. A localization device has been devised which provides better boost volume localization. The accuracy of this device has been confirmed by computed axial tomography. PMID- 7367659 TI - [Poliomyelitis]. PMID- 7367660 TI - [Tetanus]. PMID- 7367661 TI - [Infectious diseases in Poland in 1978 and international attempts at their eradication]. PMID- 7367663 TI - [Clinical pattern as well as morphological studies of trichinosis at the Lipno Medical Care Unit]. PMID- 7367662 TI - [Rabies]. PMID- 7367665 TI - [Pertussis]. PMID- 7367664 TI - [Measles]. PMID- 7367666 TI - [Scarlet fever]. PMID- 7367667 TI - [Mumps]. PMID- 7367668 TI - [Influenza]. PMID- 7367669 TI - [Rubella]. PMID- 7367670 TI - [Meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 7367671 TI - [Salmonelloses]. PMID- 7367672 TI - [Bacterial dysentery]. PMID- 7367673 TI - [Food poisoning]. PMID- 7367674 TI - [Botulinum toxicoses]. PMID- 7367675 TI - [Viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7367676 TI - [Upbringing in the principles of peace - the basic child's prerogative]. PMID- 7367677 TI - [Section for Soviet prisoners-of-war in Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp]. PMID- 7367678 TI - [Effects of social activation of the veterans - members of the Center for Senior Citizens]. PMID- 7367679 TI - [Psychopathological analysis of preliminary expert testimony materials with regard to former prisoners of the concentration camps]. PMID- 7367681 TI - [Nitrogen metabolism in patients with chronic renal insufficiency fed perorally by the Nefronin preparation produced by ZPF Polfa in Kutno (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367680 TI - [Nitrogen metabolism in patients fed perorally by the Terapin preparation--new nutrient produced by ZPF Polfa in Kutno (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367682 TI - [Functional efficiency of the liver in chronic diseases of that organ (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367683 TI - [The dependence of immunoreactive gastrinemia from type of nutrition in patients with acid peptic ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367684 TI - Dietetic therapeutics for patients with portocaval anastomosis. PMID- 7367685 TI - [Congenital malformations of digestive tract in children as a cause of chronic malnutrition (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367686 TI - [Changes in immunoreactive gastrin in patients with obesity treated by hunger (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367687 TI - [Role of essential non-saturated fatty acids (EFA) in the lipid metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367688 TI - [Effect of varying content of EFA in diet on selected indices of lipids in the blood serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367689 TI - [The state and the mode of nutrition of selected population of workers of iron and steel industry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367690 TI - [Further experiments with methods of detection of hyperlipoproteinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367691 TI - [The water-electrolytes deficiencies during work in the copper mining and in the copper metalurgy and trials of their substitution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367692 TI - [Preliminary research on the clinical value of plasma ferritin determination]. PMID- 7367693 TI - [Acute abdomen in the aged. Study of its etiology and delay of medical consultation]. PMID- 7367694 TI - [The heart and changes in thyroid gland function]. PMID- 7367696 TI - [Extramedullar IgD plasmacytoma. Report of a case]. PMID- 7367695 TI - [Alcohol and hypertension]. PMID- 7367697 TI - [Acute pulmonary edema after an intravenous injection of heroin]. PMID- 7367698 TI - [Asymptomatic renal amyloidosis recognized during a surgical intervention]. PMID- 7367699 TI - [Cushing's syndrome with cutaneous alternariosis. Localization of a tumor with a body scanner]. PMID- 7367700 TI - [Intestinal perforation associated with malignant carcinoid tumor]. PMID- 7367701 TI - [Persistent left superior vena cava associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and connection with coronary sinus simulating interatrial communication]. PMID- 7367703 TI - [Primary biliary cirrhosis]. PMID- 7367702 TI - [Tuberculous peritonitis (report of 6 cases)]. PMID- 7367704 TI - [Treatment of acute respiratory infections in adult patients. Determination of antibiotic levels in blood and respiratory secretions]. PMID- 7367705 TI - [Fibrinolytic system in patients with acute hypertension without renal failure]. PMID- 7367706 TI - [Effect of the treatment of methylene blue on the activity of porphobilinogen synthetase in blood and tissues of rats with lead poisoning]. PMID- 7367707 TI - [Renal failure in the cirrhotic patient]. PMID- 7367709 TI - [Incidence of diabetes mellitus in relation to sex, age and the type of diabetes]. PMID- 7367708 TI - [Intestinal obstruction as a cause of acute abdomen. Review of 211 cases]. PMID- 7367710 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Report of 7 cases resulting from septicemia]. PMID- 7367711 TI - [Influence of hemodialysis on the levels of zinc in chronic uremia]. PMID- 7367712 TI - [Value of electroencephalography in the diagnosis of intracranial pathology]. PMID- 7367713 TI - [Pheochromocytoma as a cause of hypertension]. PMID- 7367714 TI - [Subacute arsenic poisoning]. PMID- 7367715 TI - [2 cases of cryoimmunoglobulinemia in the course of an angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 7367716 TI - [Apropos of a case of Marfan's syndrome with dissecting aneurysm of the aorta]. PMID- 7367717 TI - [Clinical pharmacology, an obligation that should be delayed no longer]. PMID- 7367718 TI - [Substances for diagnostic use: physiopathology of the consequences]. PMID- 7367719 TI - Endocrine treatment of breast cancer: a new approach. Foreword. PMID- 7367720 TI - Endocrine treatment of breast cancer. A new approach. Introduction. PMID- 7367721 TI - Steroid receptor determinations in mammary carcinoma in women. PMID- 7367723 TI - Anti-oestrogens: an alternative to ablative endocrine therapy? PMID- 7367724 TI - Steroid receptor determination by means of agar gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7367722 TI - Principles and indications of endocrine treatment of advanced breast cancer. AB - The numerous trials that have been conducted in advanced breast cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women have increased the empiric basis for systemic cytotoxic and endocrine treatment. The treatment results have improved but are still very unsatisfactory, and with all the drugs now at our disposal many questions are still unanswered. For instant this applies to the optimal composition and scheduling of endocrine treatment, cytotoxic treatment, and combinations of these two treatments. During recent years the results of experimental studies have expanded our knowledge of the biology of breast cancer. Future clinical trials should be designed to test and use this information gained from basic research with the aim of improving the rational basis of treatment and obtaining better treatment results in advanced breast cancer. PMID- 7367725 TI - Results of tamoxifen therapy in patients with breast cancer. PMID- 7367726 TI - Results with tamoxifen in advanced mammary carcinoma. AB - The results of a study with tamoxifen (TAM) (10 mg three times daily) in advanced breast cancer are reported. Of 44 patients, 24 showed a remission and 20 a progression. Of the 17 patients in whom an oestrogen receptor (ER) determination in tumour tissue had been carried out, 12 were receptor-positive (ER+) and five receptor-negative (ER-). Nine of the 12 ER+ cases (75%) responded to the treatment with TAM. Of the five ER- patients, one showed remission and four progression. PMID- 7367727 TI - The significance of tumour "stimulation" by tamoxifen. PMID- 7367728 TI - Lack of estrogen receptor associated with an increased response rate to cytotoxic chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer? PMID- 7367729 TI - Estrogen receptor determination predicts response to tamoxifen therapy. PMID- 7367730 TI - The influence of a polychemotherapeutic regimen on the female endocrine control mechanisms in mammary carcinoma patients. PMID- 7367731 TI - Is there a place for adjuvant endocrine therapy of breast cancer? PMID- 7367732 TI - Principles of clinical trials. Ludwig Breast Cancer Study Group. AB - Proper design and conduct of a clinical trial requires the consideration of a set of principles. These principles include the collaborative effort, consideration of both a medical and a statistical plan, and development of a data network. The Ludwig Breast Cancer Study Group with international participants has been formed according to these principles. This represents an approach to clinical trials which is designed to maximize the scientific pay-off. The goal is to determine the optimal treatment for every identifiable prognostic subgroup of patients. PMID- 7367733 TI - Estrogen receptor status and the disease-free interval in breast cancer. PMID- 7367734 TI - Clinical experience with tamoxifen in advanced breast cancer. PMID- 7367735 TI - The place of tamoxifen in the treatment of breast cancer. PMID- 7367736 TI - Improved biochemical characterization of breast cancer as a guide to hormonal treatment. PMID- 7367737 TI - Foods which simulate meat. The nutritional aspects of vegetable protein foods which are meat analogues. Report of the Panel on Novel Foods, Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy. PMID- 7367738 TI - Constitution and by-laws. Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease, Inc. PMID- 7367739 TI - Psychologic aspects of pain. PMID- 7367741 TI - Measurement of human pain. PMID- 7367740 TI - Hypnotic control of pain: toward a clarification of the different psychological processes involved. PMID- 7367742 TI - The role of the psychiatrist in the investigation and treatment of pain. PMID- 7367743 TI - Current investigations in headache. AB - The responses of supraorbital (SA), superficial temporal (TA), and digital (F) arterial beds and heart rate were studied in 5 normal subjects and 10 migraineurs when hand temperature was increased by volition and/or by heat. In normal subjects, volitional digital arterial dilation coincided with vasoconstriction in SA and TA. In migraineurs, the response varied. Bradycardia resulted in most subjects except in unimproved migraineurs. Heat-induced hand vasodilation led to dilation in SA and TA and to tachycardia. In the 8 migraineurs who improved clinically, the finger temperature feedback training apparently did not result in conditioning of a single autonomic response (i.e. digital vasocilation), but in a general decrease of the sympathetic tonic outflow. Improvement in migraine could also be correlated with improvement in psychological tests, with MMPI scores indicative of neurosis, significantly improving in those patients who learned and practiced the BF technique. A pilot study aimed at detection of serum complement alterations in migraine does not suggest a diminished level of the inhibitor of the first component and further inquiry into the possible serum complement abnormalities in migraineurs is in process. The possible relationships between the vasomotor changes in migraine, the reduction in sympathetic tonic outflow evoked by biofeedback, and their psycho-physiological significance have been discussed. An integrated, interpretative fusion of these data is proposed. A new conditioned vasomotor reflex, which we have termed the relaxation reflex, has been described. It should be explored whether BF has more wide applications in the treatment of other "psychosomatic" disorders characterized by vasomotor abnormalities and increased sympathetic tone. PMID- 7367744 TI - Neurophysiology of nociception and pain in the spinal cord. AB - Our experiments on the primate spinothalamic tract cells are consistent with the traditional view that the spinothalamic tract in primates is the main pathway responsible for pain sensation. However, we have no evidence concerning the possible role of other pathways, either in pain sensation or in the motivational affective or reflex responses to painful stimuli. At least two different classes of spinothalamic tract cells, the high-threshold and the wide-dynamic-range neurons, appear to be involved in nociception, although they may well play different roles. High-threshold spinothalamic cells seem well suited to signal stimulus location, as well as intensity. Wide-dynamic-range cells can signal intensity, but they are not likely to provide good spatial resolution of stimuli. On the contrary, they are well suited to explain such phenomena as referred pain and pain radiation. PMID- 7367746 TI - Likely explanation for longer duration of pharmacological (antianginal) effects of propranolol in relation to its short half-life. AB - Plasma propranolol concentration-effect-time data obtained from the literature were analyzed by applying a theory for correlating the observed kinetic data with the pharmacological (antianginal) effects using the elimination rate constant (Kel) and the slope of log concentration-effect relationship (m). The plasma propranolol concentrations yield the first-order rate elimination while the drug effects decline linerarly with time at the zero-order rate as proposed by the theory. The rate of decline of drug effects derived from the application of the theory ("theoretical" Rd) was found to be in reasonable agreement with that actually observed in the effect-time interrelations ("observed" Rd), which will imply that the longer duration of the antianginal effects of propranolol is explainable with its short half-life. PMID- 7367747 TI - Some pharmacological properties of a novel series of 2-substituted 2 phenylcyclohexyl N,N-diethylaminoethyl ethers I. AB - Two 2-phenylcyclohexyl N,N-diethylaminoethyl ethers were studied for their pharmacological actions in vitro-the cis- and trans- isomers; and in vivo,-the cis- isomer. These compounds (5 mg/ml) significantly depressed acetylcholine induced contractions in the isolated guineapig ileum. The trans- isomer produced a greater depression of contraction. The cis- isomer shortened the duration of methacholine-induced salivation in mice when administered intraperitoneally in increasing doses. The duration was found to be inversely proportional to the dose of the compound. In anesthetized rats, pretreatment with either a dose of 5 mg/Kg of the cis- compound or 0.25 mg/Kg of atropine changed the methacholine depressor response to a pressor response. Heart rate was increased in both groups of pretreated rats. Respiratory rate was further augmented by methacholine in the presence of either atropine or the cis- compound, while rectal temperature was slightly decreased. Effects of the cis- isomer when administered alone, on heart rate and blood pressure responses usggest cholinergic activity. However, its ability to decrease the duration of methacholine-induced salivation in mice and its reversal of methacholine-evoked cardiovascular effects are indicative of anticholinergic activity. These experiments suggest that the cis- isomer has a mixed cholinergic and anticholinergic action and thus may be classed as a partial antagonist of the parasympathetic system. PMID- 7367745 TI - Reticular formation and pain: toward a unifying concept. PMID- 7367750 TI - In vivo phosphorylation of a cardiac myosin-like protein. AB - Cardiac myosin heavy chains synthesized in vivo were identified by labeling of N epsilon, N epsilon, N epsilon trimethyllysine with S-adenosyl-L-(methyl 3H) methionine. A similar assessment of in vivo phosphorylation of this myosin fraction indicated that phosphate incorporation may not be occurring in cardiac myosin heavy chains, but rather in another cardiac myosin-like protein which co purifies with myosin heavy chains. PMID- 7367749 TI - The effect of route of administration on the disposition of inulin encapsulated in multilamellar vesicles of defined particle size. AB - Studies were undertaken to evaluate the effect of multilamellar vesicle (MLV) size and route of administration on the tissue distribution of inulin encapsulated in phosphatidyl choline, cholesterol, phosphatidyl serine and alph tocopherol liposomes. Large (MLV (2.7--4.9 micrometers) administered intravenously delivered a large fraction of the dose to the liver, lungs and spleen. However, when large MLV were given intramuscularly (left thigh muscle), a smaller fraction of the absorbed dose was distributed to these organs. Small MLV (0.3--0.8 micrometers) administered by either route resulted in a smaller fraction of the dose distributing to the liver, lungs and spleen compared to large MLV. In addition, release from the injection site was found to be size dependent with a larger fraction of the intramuscular dose remaining at 24 hours for the large MLV. PMID- 7367748 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of some 2-substituted-3-dimethylamino 5,6-methylenedioxyindene analogs of known intracellular calcium antagonists. PMID- 7367751 TI - Long-term estrogenization in mammals. II. Environmental influences of housing conditions upon estrogen-induced polydipsia and food intake in Marsh mice. AB - Estrogen-induced polydipsia was influenced by environmental conditions in which Marsh mice were housed in plastic cages with bedding or in metal cages having grilled floors and no bedding. Increases in this polydipsia with metal-cage housing were reversed upon return to plastic. The increases over controls as ml/kg body weight ranged from 40 to 250%. After an initial fall in food consumption following estrogenization, controls and estrogenized mice consumed nearly the same amount of food/mouse but 10% more for the estrogenized mice on a g/kg body-weight basis. Increased food consumption for controls and estrogenized mice following the change from plastic to metal cages was attributed to compensation for increased loss of body heat. Whether in plastic or metal cages, core temperatures of controls were higher than those of estrogenized mice; both groups had relatively higher temperatures in the metal cages. The older mice in metal cages developed a gnawing pattern wasting food. In five experiments with males, body-weight losses following estrogenization were maintained 43 to 70 days but recovered in 2 of 4 experiments with females under comparable conditions. PMID- 7367752 TI - Comparison of standard chelating agents for acute mercuric chloride poisoning in mice. AB - A comparison in mice has been made of the effectiveness of five chelating agents used clinically for acute mercuric chloride poisoning, or recommended for such use. The compounds examined were N-Acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (NAPA), D penicillamine (DPA), 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), sodium 2,3 dimercaptopropanesulfonate (DMPS), and 2,3-dimercaptopropanol-1 (BAL). The test of effectiveness was their ability to reduce the mortality of acute mercuric chloride poisoning when administered 20 minutes after the mercury at chelate:mercury mole ratios of 10, 15, 20, and 30. All except BAL were found to be effective at the highest mole ratio tested, but N-Acetyl-D,L-penicillamine and sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulfonate were significantly more effective than DMSA and BAL at mole ratios of 10:1. The relative effectiveness does not correlate with available data on stability constants. The toxicity of BAL itself becomes apparent at mole ratios of 20:1 and above. PMID- 7367755 TI - Chlordiazepoxide concentrations in saliva and plasma measured by radioimmunoassay. AB - A new, sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for chlordiazepoxide was used to determine concentrations of the drug in microsamples of saliva and plasma obtained from subjects following intravenous and oral administration of the drug. Saliva and plasma concentrations of the drug were highly correlated (r = 0.95) and the saliva/plasma ratio had a mean value of about 0.03. Saliva levels of chlordiazepoxide were found to be equal to the concentration of unbound drug in the plasma. Drug half-lives determined from both plasma and saliva concentration time curves were found to be equivalent. PMID- 7367754 TI - Comparison of subcutaneous versus intradermally inoculated murine C-1300 neuroblastoma. AB - A subcutaneous (S.C.) was compared with an intradermal (I.D.) inoculation route of C-1300 neuroblastoma cells in adult A/J mice. This study was prompted by a recent report of increased metastases in intradermally inoculated murine neuroblastoma. The median survival in our line was longer in the I.D. group (44 days as compared to 34.5 days). Despite this feature, liver metastases, when detecp). In this series of experiments no other metastatic sites were found. Histologically both groups showed a similar picture under light microscopy, i.e., a highly undifferentiated tumor with little matrix and an absence of neuronal elements. It appears that the C-1300 neuroblastoma cell line utilized in this study differs biologically from that used by other investigators. PMID- 7367753 TI - Interaction of bilirubin and indocyanine green with the binding and conjugation of sulfobromophthalein by rat liver cytosol proteins. AB - The interaction of bilirubin and indocyanine green with sulfobromophthalein (BSP) binding and conjugation by rat liver cytosol proteins was studied. BSP bound to cytosol proteins X, ligandin and Z and the BSP-glutathione conjugate were isolated by sephadex gel chromatography. Neither bilirubin nor indocyanine green affected the binding of BSP to ligandin and Z protein. However, indocyanine green did significantly reduce BSP conjugation in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Diethyl maleate significantly reduced liver glutathione levels and BSP conjugation. It is suggested that indocyanine gree competitively binds at the ligandin catalytic site whereas the primary binding site for bilirubin is probably a noncatalytic site. PMID- 7367756 TI - Clearance of [14C] polyamines from plasma and erythrocytes in the rat. AB - The [14C] polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine were administered intravenously to rats. Arterial blood samples were obtained 2, 4, 6, 12, 20, 30, 60 and 120 min. after injection. Plasma and erythrocyte fractions were separated and assayed for [14C] activity. The clearance of radiolabelled polyamines from both the plasma and erythrocytes was rapid. Within 10 min. of injection, plasma putrescine had decreased by 70%, spermine by 80% and spermidine by 85%. In the same time interval the erythrocyte putrescine level had decreased by 50%, spermine by 70% and spermidine by 80%. This data suggests that exogenously injected radiolabelled polyamines and presumably endogenously produced polyamines are rapidly cleared from the circulation. PMID- 7367757 TI - Reversal of digoxin induced cardiac arrhythmias by nickel chloride. AB - The effect of NiCl2 on digoxin induced cardiac arrhythmias were studied in anesthetized dogs and in isolated perfused hearts of rabbits, guinea pigs and rats. The results indicate that NiCl2 can effectively antagonize the digoxin induced cardiac arrhythmias in both intact as well as in isolated hearts. Sinus rhythm was restored and the cardiovascular status of the animal (which was digitoxic) eventually restored to normal. When not treated with NiCl2 the cardiovascular status of the dogs was progressively worsened leading to death. NiCl2 alone did not have any marked effect in normal hearts. It is likely that Ni2+ might be competing with Ca2+ at the cell membrane sites thereby antagonizing the toxic effects of digoxin. It is also possible that an increase in malic acid and oxaloacetic acid activity induced by NiCl2 may play a role in reversing the toxicity of digoxin. PMID- 7367758 TI - Cadmium-induced inhibition of zoxazolamine metabolism in male and female rats. AB - Pretreatment of rats with cadmium potentiates the duration of hexobarbital hypnosis and inhibits the rate of hepatic hexobarbital metabolism in male and female rats. In contrast, treatment with cadmium pe and female rats. Thus, sex related differences in cadmium inhibition of hepatic drug metabolism is apparently substrate dependent. PMID- 7367759 TI - Studies on thromboplastic and fibrinolytic activities of valvular tissue in rheumatic valvular disease. AB - While rheumatic valvular disease (RVD) is known to develop subsequent to rheumatic carditis, we examined whether in addition to the inflammatory and repair process, thromboplastic and fibrinolytic activities of the valvular tissue play a contributory role in the pathogenesis of RVD. Both activities were higher in resected valves from RVD cases than in the controls. Tissue thromboplastin was localized in the valvular endothelium and the subendothelial connective tissue. Tissue fibrinolytic activity was prevalent in the small blood vessels of RVD valves, while it was lower on the surface of RVD valves than in the controls. High thromboplastic and low fibrinolytic activity in the surface layer of RVD valves may accelerate the deposition of thrombi, thereby inducing valvular thickening. PMID- 7367760 TI - [The structure of the t. muscularis propria of the human small intestine as base for a biomechanical model for motility (author's transl)]. AB - The structure of the t. muscularis propria of the small intestine was examined in cleared specimen of human cadavers and the scissor like railings arrangement of the muscle-bundles is described. The constant and varying form of the small intestine is directly correlated with the structure of its t. muscularis propria. There exist spheric angles between circular and longitudinal muscle-bundles measuring during dilatation more, during concentration less than 53 degrees. According to this gives a simple biomechanical model for motility an angle of 55 degrees for maximal dilatation. PMID- 7367761 TI - Source of net water and electrolyte loss following intestinal ischaemia. AB - Ischaemia of the dog intestine lasting 1 h causes desquamation of the epithelium at the villus tips and congestion in the villus capillaries. The crypt cells are relatively undamaged. These changes are associated with a loss of active transport of organic solutes, determined in vitro, a reduction in mucosal sucrase activity and an abolition of glucose absorption in vivo. A profuse net loss of water and electrolytes into the lumen in vivo develops. The net sodium loss is due primarily to an inhibition of the lumen-blood flux of this ion, the blood lumen flux being relatively unchanged. In uraemic dogs, the loss of urea into the lumen is the same in control and ischaemic loops, testifying to the lack of change in the unidirectional water flow from blood to lumen. Perfusion of the dog intestine with 1% Triton X-100 leads to morphological changes that have certain similarities with those provoked by ischaemia. Damage was restricted to the villus tips, protection from further alterations apparently being provided by a mucus layer that forms on the mucosal surface; the crypt region remained unchanged. After 10 min exposure, organic solute transport in vitro and glucose absorption in vivo were both reduced by not abolished; sodium and water absorption in vivo were suppressed, but no net secretion occurred. To account for these observations, we have suggested that the normal crypt cell is a secretory element with respect to sodium and water. During maturation, its absorptive properties develop such that the mature enterocyte, possessing both absorptive and secretory mechanisms, is capable of net absorption of sodium. After destruction of the villus tips, net secretion continues in the crypts; if there are insufficient villus cells remaining to ensure reabsorption, a net secretory capacity is observed. PMID- 7367762 TI - [The biological concept of race]. PMID- 7367763 TI - [Regulation of glomerular filtration by tubulo-glomerular feedback. Studies with acetazolamide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367764 TI - [Cholangitis. Study of 240 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367765 TI - [Castleman's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367767 TI - [Cardiology for the internist: echocardiography in internal medicine (third of three parts) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367766 TI - [Maternal and fetal thyroid function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367768 TI - [Usefulness of multiple choice questionnaires in the evaluation of internal medicine residents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367769 TI - [Comparison of two multiple choice examinations. "one out of five" type, against "false, true, do not know" type (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367770 TI - [Anatomy of the mitral valve]. PMID- 7367771 TI - [Interdisciplinary colloquium: the pathology of the mitral valve]. PMID- 7367772 TI - [Pathology of the mitral apparatus]. PMID- 7367773 TI - [Mitral stenosis and insufficiency. Physiopathology, natural history and principles of therapy]. PMID- 7367774 TI - [Heart catheterization in mitral valve stenosis and mitral valve insufficiency]. PMID- 7367775 TI - [Surgical treatment of mitral valve diseases and presentation of a consecutive series of 30 surgically treated cases]. PMID- 7367776 TI - [Comparison of the natural history of surgically treated and non-surgically treated mitral valve diseases. Pathology due to prosthesis]. PMID- 7367778 TI - [Description of the characteristics and installation of the cyclotron and transport of particles at the University of Liege]. PMID- 7367777 TI - [Parachute mitral valves]. PMID- 7367779 TI - The effect of intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate on the nasal mucosa. AB - In a double blind study the effect of intranasal beclomethasone diproprionate aerosol (BDA) on the morphology of the mucosa of the middle nasal turbinate was examined. Histological specimens were taken from 22 patients receiving BDA and from 15 patients who had received a placebo. Specimens were taken before therapy and after one year of treatment. Polypectomy and ethmoidectomy had been performed on all patients prior to the beginning of treatment. The histological changes of allergic rhinitis were diminished to a greater extent in patients receiving BDA than in the patients in the placebo group. BDA therapy did not cause atrophic rhinitis nor other detrimental changes that could be demonstrated histologically. PMID- 7367780 TI - Transnasal microsurgical ethmoidectomy in nasal polyposis. AB - A technique of microsurgical ethmoidectomy by a nasal route was devised for and applied to the treatment of nasal polyposis. A description of the operative procedure and the results in 30 cases with a 3-5 years of follow-up are reported. PMID- 7367782 TI - Rhinomanometric recording in children. AB - The present paper describes the development of a method for rhinomanometric assessment of nasal respiratory resistance in children, based on a commercially available equipment, the Mercury Nasal Resistance Meter, NR 1. The instrument was modified to improve performance, and a special technique was developed for individual lining of the nose mask. The posterior rhinomanometric tehnique was further modified by fitting the oral tubing with a collar, and by the use of a bio-feedback procedure based on oscilloscope display of the flow-pressure diagram. It could then be used in all subjects, a considerable improvement over previous methods. The error of the method was analysed in a sample of 17 children aged 8-12 examined at two occasions. There was no systematic error. For the posterior method the method error within a session was about 0.2 cm H2O/l/sec at a flow rate of 0.2 l/sec. PMID- 7367781 TI - Respiratory rhinometry, a review of recent trends. AB - Rhinometry of respiratory airflow is discussed and disadvantages of invasive methods are emphasized. The stability of the series of pressure-flow relationships of respiratory air which is repeated through consecutive nasal breaths may be exploited to provide an index of nasal obstruction-different techniques and their limitations are outlined. The use of an inexpensive microprocessor interfaced with standard respiratory laboratory pressure and flow measuring apparatus is described and advocated for assessment of resistance to respiratory airflow in the nasal cavities and other flow resistant segments of the airways. PMID- 7367783 TI - A nasal mask for posterior rhinometry of each side of the nose separately. AB - A nasal mask consisting of a frame covered with a thin latex membrane allows one nostril to be closed by the application of light pressure with a finger. When the mask is connected to a pneumotachograph it is possible to measure the resistance of each side of the nose separately by posterior rhinometry. PMID- 7367784 TI - Cardiac symptoms and nasal obstruction. PMID- 7367785 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of mucoceles of sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses. PMID- 7367786 TI - [X-ray of osteopathies (author's transl)]. AB - Osteoporosis, osteomalacia, fibro-osteoclasia and osteosclerosis are essential reactions to pathologico-metabolic processes of the bone. The x-ray film shows precisely which changes have taken place in the bone structure, thus supplying the means for an analysis based on anatomic pathology. These phenomena are discussed in detail, special attention being paid to structural modifications. Attention is also focused on the problems connected with x-ray technology. The value of direct and indirect magnification of the skeleton of the hand for the identification and classification of osteopathies is explained. Phenomena observed in x-ray films, such as enosteal erosion, intracortical longitudinal stripes or tunnelisation, as well as subperiostal absorption, can be of pathognomonic importance for certain osteopathies. PMID- 7367787 TI - [Cystic degeneration of the adventitia of the popliteal artery (author's transl)]. AB - Cystic degeneration of the adventitia of the popliteal artery is a rare clinico angiographic diagnosis in the chronic ischaemia syndrome of the lower extremity. If the three cardinal signs occur concomitantly, namely, intermittent ischaemia syndrome, unilocular manifestation near the joint and clearly limited filling defect in the arteriogram, diagnosis can be made with a high measure of certainty. Among our angiographically examined patients, we observed, in the course of one year, three male patients who presented the full picture of the disease with regard to clinic, localisation and angiographic findings. Intraoperatively it was not possible to establish a connection between adventitia cyst and neighbouring articular capsule; this applies, in fact, to all our cases. Histologically we found in one case, in the hollow spaces of the adventitia, an indication of the possible existence of a synovial recess, so that the scattering of mucine-secreting endothelium of the joint into the vascular adventitia is again brought up for discussion. PMID- 7367789 TI - [Congenital heart diseases. Foreword]. PMID- 7367788 TI - [Radiotherapy of blastomatous haemangiomas. Results obtained in consideration of the tendency towards low-dosage administration (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on the well-known self-healing tendency and radiosensitivity of blastomatous haemangiomas. The change in treatment methods is shown. According to our experience collected during 1950--1964 and 1964--1968 there is a trend towards lower dosage. During the 1969--1976 period, 554 blastomatous haemangiomas were exposed to low-dosage radiation. Sr90 treatment (1000--2000 rd) yielded very good results, soft radiation being somewhat more unfavourable at our dosage level (usually 600 rd) than our previous higher dosage, which means a slight correction towards increasing the dosage should be effected. The overall result is better if treatment is initiated during the first half year of life. Radiation therapy is the method of choice in blastomatous haemangiomas. It should be employed frequently despite the high self-healing quota, since 1. there are practically no unfavourable side effects if the dosage is kept at a low level; 2. retrogression is accelerated; 3. the cosmetic result, which is not always quite satisfactory in self-healing, can usually be improved upon by radiation; and, finally, 4. the risk of ulceration and haemorrhage is reduced. PMID- 7367790 TI - [Physiopathologic classification of congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 7367791 TI - [Clinical approach to the diagnosis of congenital heart defects]. PMID- 7367792 TI - [Semiological traps in the diagnosis of heart disease in children]. PMID- 7367793 TI - [Procedure to follow in a newborn with suspected cardiac malformation]. PMID- 7367794 TI - [Congenital heart diseases in the adult]. PMID- 7367795 TI - [Congenital heart diseases and multiple malformation syndromes]. PMID- 7367796 TI - [Echocardiography in the diagnosis of congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 7367797 TI - [Angiocardiography in the diagnosis of congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 7367798 TI - [Visualization of the pulmonary arteries in atresia of the pulmonary orifice]. PMID- 7367799 TI - [Congenital heart diseases. In practice...one should remember...]. PMID- 7367800 TI - Detection of cathodoluminescence of Giemsa stain and its applications. PMID- 7367801 TI - Analysis of a dual beam laser velocimeter applied to microcirculation studies. PMID- 7367802 TI - [Attempt of anoxic analysis of the spontaneous activity of the embryonic spinal motor nerve. I. Development of resistance to nitrogen anoxia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367803 TI - [Glaucoma and colour sense (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367804 TI - [Long-term investigation of glaucoma patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367805 TI - [Immunological examination of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7367806 TI - Plasma concentration and renal excretion of adenine and 2,8-dihydroxyadenine after administration of adenine in man. AB - A new method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which makes it possible to analyse 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DOA) in plasma in concentrations exceeding 0.25 mumol/l is described. The method was used to study the renal elimination of DOA. For comparison, the renal handling of adenine was also investigated. The results from an analysis of the experimental data support the assumption that more than one concentration-dependent mechanism exists in the renal tubuli for each of the two purines, adenine and DOA. In general the clearance values are higher for DOA than for adenine and indicate net secretion for both substances. PMID- 7367808 TI - Viral hepatitis in Danish clinical chemical laboratories 1968--1978: incidence rates, aetiology and risk factors. AB - The occurrence of viral hepatitis in Danish clinical chemical laboratories during a 10-year period was studied by repeated questionnaires. The overall incidence rate was 180 per 100,000 per year, roughly 7 times the figures for the general population, the excess frequency being found for technicians, student technicians as well as in cleaning staff. 90% of the cases studied were HBsAg positive. Two clusters of cases were associated with a haemodiolysis and a cancer chemotherapy unit, respectively. Otherwise the hepatitis risk was 3 times greater in the metropolitan area than in provincial towns. Within the last 3 years the incidence rate decreased to one quarter of previous rates. This change might be attributable to increased general attention and safety precautions. PMID- 7367807 TI - Effect of natural oestrogens on tryptophan metabolism: evidence for interference of oestrogens with kynureninase. AB - Urinary excretion of metabolites of the tryptophan-nicotinic acid ribonucleotide pathway, urinary excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid and blood concentrations of oestradiol and pyridoxal phosphate were studied in groups of post-menopausal women before or during treatment with natural oestrogens, i.e. oestradiol and oestriol, before and after loading doses of 9800 mumol L-tryptophan or 700 mumol L-kynurenine sulphate. Natural oestrogens induced abnormalities of tryptophan metabolism similar to those induced by synthetic oestrogens, and there was a dose related increase in urinary excretion of metabolites of the tryptophan-nicotinic acid ribonucleotide pathway before the kynureninase step. The increase in urinary excretion of these metabolites also after a loading dose of 700 mumol L kynurenine indicates an inhibitory effect of oestrogens on kynureninase in vivo. Evidence is presented that this inhibition is an effect mediated through decreased availability of vitamin B6, the coenzyme of kynureninase, although the possibility of a direct effect of oestrogens on kynureninase can not be excluded. PMID- 7367809 TI - Influence of plasma potassium concentration on the capacity for sodium reabsorption in the diluting segment of the kidney. PMID- 7367810 TI - An improved co-precipitation assay for determination of thyroglobulin antibodies. AB - A radioassay for determination of thyroglobulin antibodies in human serum using [125I]thyroglobulin co-precipitated with antihuman IgG is described. Serial dilutions of the antibody containing sera gave nearly rectilinear and parallel logit-log curves in conditions of moderate antigen excess. A secondary standard serum calibrated against the Medical Research Council Research standard A 65/93, which by definition c;ntains 1 Mega unit/1 (MU/1) was used for standardization. The mean imprecision in the concentration range 0.74-241 MU/1 was CV = 3% (within assay) and CV = 8% (total). The detection limit was 0.002 MU/1. The assay was compared to an antigen binding capacity method with an imprecision of 15% (total) and a detection limit of 0.1 MU/1. The coefficient of correlation between the two methods was: R = 0.997 (our method = 0.019 x antigen binding capacity -0.33). Based on this 1 Mega unit was found equivalent to 53 nmol thyroglobulin. PMID- 7367811 TI - Changes in the composition of fatty acids of total lipids in various tissues and serum due to physical training and food restriction in the rat. PMID- 7367812 TI - External quality control in haematological morphology: a method to assess the performance of an individual laboratory and changes in it. AB - A method is described to assess the performance of individual laboratories in estimating blood cell morphology by microscopy. The method was designed for the Finnish interlaboratory proficiency testing programme in haematological morphology. The method is based on the following principles: (1) on application of a detailed result form to collect the results from the participants in a standardized manner and (2) on application of a reference board to establish the morphological 'truth'. A consensus of greater than or equal to 80% of the reference board of haematology experts is the prerequisite for acceptance of a morphological detail as a 'target finding' for the participants. For each proficiency testing survey a score 'mean percentual performance' (MPP) was calculated for each participating laboratory. The MPP score indicates the percentual amount of correct identifications of the 'target findings' of the survey specimens and is an overall measure of performance of an individual laboratory. A running MPP graph was plotted to evaluate the changes in the performance over a course of time. Different types of 'performance profiles' among the participants were detected with this method. The merits of the MPP scoring method are discussed with special reference to the goals of external quality control in haematological morphology. PMID- 7367813 TI - Urinary excretion of position isomers type III in normal man and a series of different types of porphyrias. AB - The excretion of position isomers of type III porphyrins, not only in porphyric disorders in which the enzymatic decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen III to coproporphyrinogen III is known to or suspected to play a role, but also in normal man and in conditions like erythropoietic protoporphyria and lead intoxication, in which no such changes have ever been reported, or would be expected for theoretical reasons, has been described. The implications of these and other findings have been discussed and it is suggested that the enzymatic decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen III to coproporphyrinogen III is normally a random process. It is, however, not excluded that one of the many routes which could be followed might be energetically more favourable than the others and that most of the coproporphyrinogen III which is formed under physiological conditions might be formed via such a 'prefered' pathway. PMID- 7367814 TI - The kynurenine load test, an adjunct to the tryptophan load test. AB - The kynurenine load test was introduced to distinguish, in vivo, between abnormal tryptophan metabolism caused by induction of tryptophan oxygenase or by impaired kynureninase function. This test was carried out by giving a loading dose of 700 mumol L-kynurenine sulphate followed by determination of urinary metabolites of the tryptophan-nicotinic acid ribonucleotide pathway. The results of the kynurenine load test in a group of healthy post-menopausal female subjects show a consistant increase in urinary excretion of some metabolites of the tryptophan nicotinic acid ribonucleotide pathway (kynurenine, 3-hydroxy-kynurenine, and 3 hydroxyanthranilic acid) of a magnitude comparable to the increase seen after a loading dose of 9800 mumol L-tryptophan (the tryptophan load test). PMID- 7367815 TI - The healing rate of chronic gastric ulcer in patients admitted to hospital. AB - A study was made of the effect of age, sex, ulcer size, bed rest, carbenoxolone sodium and anticholinergic drug therapy, and advice to cease smoking on the healing rate of chronic gastric ulcer determined radiologically over 21 days in a factorially designed experiment in 54 patients admitted to hospital. It was found that carbenoxolone sodium, anticholinergic drug therapy, bed rest in hospital, and advice to cease smoking did not accelerate ulcer healing. Age and ulcer size had a slight effect on ulcer healing, the larger ulcers and those in older patients healing more slowly. The results can be explained by the hypothesis that chronic ulcers heal at a maximal rate after hospital admission and other factors that alone may have a beneficial effect in hospitalized patients. PMID- 7367816 TI - Ulcerative colitis in childhood: should the rectum be preserved at surgery? Long term results in 50 patients. AB - Fifty children subjected to surgery for ulcerative colitis were followed up for 9 23 (mean, 14) years. Of these, 22 had a colectomy and an ileorectal anastomosis, and 9 had a colectomy and an ileostomy with the rectum left in situ. Nineteen children with inflammatory changes in the rectum had a pancoloproctectomy and an ileostomy. The results of rectum-preserving operations were on the whole unsatisfactory. Most of the children made a good adjustment to life with an ileostomy. The high risk of malignancy in patients with an early onset of the disease makes pancoloproctectomy with ileostomy the method of choice even in children. PMID- 7367818 TI - The NH2-terminal tridecapeptide fragment of gastrin-17 in serum from duodenal ulcer patients. AB - The concentration of gastrin in serum from 47 fasting patients with duodenal ulcer was measured with two radioimmunoassays, one specific for the COOH- and the other specific for NH2-terminal sequence of gastrin-17. The COOH-terminal assay measured 13 +/- 2 pmol and the NH2-terminal 42 +/- 7 pmol-equivalent gastrin-17 per litre (mean +/- S.E.M.). This result, corroborated by gel chromatography, shows that an NH2-terminal fragment of gastrin-17, presumably the tridecapeptide, circulates in concentrations higher than those of the four known gastrin components. The abundance of NH2-terminal fragment in serum suggests that the complementary COOH-terminal tetrapeptide fragment of gastrin-17 is also produced in large quantities. PMID- 7367817 TI - The role of serum gastrin in the secretion of calcitonin: studies in patients with pernicious anaemia and in healthy subjects. AB - Basal concentrations of serum gastrin and serum calcitonin were measured in 38 patients with pernicious anaemia and in 32 healthy control subjects. The fasting level of serum gastrin was greatly elevated in 32 patients and was within normal range in 6 patients, the difference between pernicious anaemia patients and controls being highly significant (P less than 0.001). No significant difference between fasting serum calcitonin concentrations in patients and healthy subjects was found. Furthermore, these hormones were studied before and after a beef meal in eight of the patients with hypergastrinaemia and in six healthy control subjects. After the meal serum gastrin concentrations increased significantly from basal values in both patients and controls, the peak values being reached 60 and 30 min after the meal, respectively. No significant changes in serum calcitonin concentrations were observed after the meal in either group. In five patients a transient rise in serum calcitonin occurred 5-10 min after ingestion, beginning, however, before any rise in serum gastrin was observed. Our results indicate that serum gastrin is without influence on calcitonin release, either in hypergastrinaemic patients with pernicious anaemia or in healthy subjects. PMID- 7367819 TI - The metabolism of C3 in adult coeliac disease. AB - To study possible pathogenetic mechanisms in adult coeliac disease, we performed a metabolic investigation of a component (C3) of the most important effector of humoral immunity, the complement system. Purified and biologically active C3 was labelled with 125I and injected together with 131I-labelled albumin into six patients with adult coeliac disease exhibiting different degrees of disease activity. The same labelled preparations were given to 12 normal individuals. Plasma and urine radioactivity were studied for a total of 8 days. Fractional catabolic rates (FCR) and synthesis rates were calculated by the metabolic clearance method. Other mathematical methods were not used because a final straight exponential was not always obtained, probably owing to extravascular sequestration of protein. An increased FCR was found in most patients, with the highest values seen in active, untreated disease. This suggests that activation of complement by immune complexes may be a pathogenetic factor in adult coeliac disease. PMID- 7367820 TI - X-ray examination and/or endoscopy in the diagnosis of gastroduodenal ulcer and cancer. AB - The diagnostic value of barium meal and endoscopy for the diagnosis of gastric ulcer and cancer was studied in 173 unselected patients with upper abdominal dyspepsia. The predictive value of both positive and negative results was higher for endoscopy than for barium meal. This was also found in earlier studies comprising hospitalized patients, with a consequent higher prevalence of disease, but this study shows that the superiority of endoscopy is maintained in a low prevalence outpatient population. The diagnostic efficiency of both endoscopy and X-ray was independent of the order of examination. Knowledge of the result of the first examination thus did not improve the efficiency of the second one. Parallel use of endoscopy and barium meal results in a maximum of diagnostic yield but requires the highcost of double examination and supplementary examinations in cases of discrepancy between the two results. Routine use of barium meal with selective use of endoscopy in X-ray-positive cases requires a smaller number of examinations but results in the loss of an unacceptable number of diagnoses. When both costs and diagnostic yield are considered, endoscopy seems to be the examination of choice, with X-ray examination reserved for exceptional cases when endoscopy for one reason or another cannot be carried out. Hospital facilities should be planned with the aim of developing endoscopic services capable of taking over the traditional leading role of X-ray examination in the gastroduodenal field. PMID- 7367821 TI - Cortisol and pancreatic secretion. Observations on pure pancreatic juice. AB - In view of the conflicting results in the literature, we undertook a study of the effects of intravenous administration of control on the external secretion of the pancreas. The study was carried out in five subjects with external transduodenal drainage of the main pancreatic duct, performed after biliary tract surgery. The intravenous injection of cortisol, 100 mg, during a constant intravenous infusion of secretin and cholecystokinin did not cause any significant change in pancreatic secretion. The results do not confirm previous findings in man indicating an inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids given intravenously on exocrine pancreatic secretion. PMID- 7367823 TI - Serum group I pepsinogens during pregnancy. AB - Serum group I pepsinogens (PG I) values were determined by a radioimmunoassay method in blood drawn from women at different times during pregnancy, at delivery, and 4 days after delivery. They were divided into five groups according to sampling time: group I, 0-14 weeks of pregnancy; group II, 15-27 weeks; group III, 28-40 weeks; group IV, at delivery; and group V, 4 days after delivery. No significant difference between the mean serum PG I in the various groups was found, and the mean PG I value in each group was of the same magnitude as previously found in non-pregnant controls. Since serum PG I has been reported to be positively correlated with gastric acid and pepsin secretion, this study suggests that other factors are involved in the apparently reduced occurrence of peptic ulcer during pregnancy. PMID- 7367822 TI - The importance of the colon in calcium absorption following small-intestinal resection. AB - The importance of the colon for the absorption of calcium, fat, and fluid was studied in 118 patients with small-bowel resections of various lengths. The patients fell into two groups: 38 with ileostomy and 80 with part of or the whole colon in function. In patients with ileostomy, but not in patients with the colon preserved, the absorption of 47Ca and fluid was inversely correlated to the length of the resected small intestine. In patients with extreme small-bowel resection (greater than or equal to 150 cm) the 47Ca absorption was significantly higher when colon was preserved. In groups of equal small-bowel resections stool mass was significantly higher in patients with ileostomy, but faecal fat was not. However, in both groups faecal fat was correlated to the length of the resected small bowel. The study shows that colon plays an important role for the absorption of calcium after small-intestinal resection and confirms the importance of colon for fluid absorption. PMID- 7367824 TI - Functioning liver mass in uncomplicated and fulminant acute hepatitis. AB - The galactose elimination capacity and the plasma clearance of phenazone were investigated in 24 patients with uncomplicated acute hepatitis and in 8 patients who survived and in 26 who died of fulminant hepatitis. The galactose elimination capacity was 52% of the normal mean value on admission to the hospital in uncomplicated hepatitis, 47% in patients who survived fulminant hepatitis, and 22% in the fatal cases, while the plasma clearance of phenazone was 43%, 22%, and 10%, respectively. Both quantitative liver function tests showed rapid improvement in most cases of uncomplicated acute hepatitis and in the patients who survived fulminant hepatitis. They did not improve in the fatal cases of fulminant hepatitis, among whom the patients with the lowest initial values died first. Both the galactose elimination capacity and the plasma clearance of phenazone were significantly higher in survivors than in non-survivors of fulminant hepatitis. The results indicate that the loss of functioning liver cell mass is about 60-70% in the acute stage of uncomplicated hepatitis and 80-85% in patients who survive fulminant hepatitis, whereas patients who die of fulminant hepatitis have nearly total loss of functioning liver cell mass. PMID- 7367825 TI - Hemodynamic actions of pentagastrin. AB - Pentagastrin (Peptavlon, ICI 50123) is known as a powerful stimulator of gastric acid secretion. Several authors have demonstrated a close relationship between gastric acid secretion and gastric blood flow. In this study the general hemodynamic properties of pentagastrin were investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. The study was performed on anesthetized mongrel dogs. Blood flow was assessed with non-cannulating electromagnetic flow probes. Pentagastrin was injected intravenously at intervals of 2 min in amounts between 1 ng and 8192 ng/kg, following a logarithmic scale. Pentagastrin dose-dependently increased splanchnic blood flow in a reversed U-shaped manner. The major vasoactivity occurred in two organ areas--the gastric area and the pancreatico-duodenal area. Pentagastrin increased blood flow in these areas to 300% and 350% of initial value, respectively, at a dose of 2-4 microgram/kg. Since heart rate, cardiac output, and arterial pressure were not influenced, pentagastrin had no general hemodynamic effect. This was confirmed by blood flow measurements in the renal a., common carotid a., and femoral a. It was therefore concluded that the splanchnic blood flow increase was due to an extreme decrease of splanchnic vascular resistance. PMID- 7367827 TI - Immunoreactive secretin release following taurocholate perfusions of the cat duodenum. AB - Perfusion of the cat duodenum with sodium taurocholate (TC), 120 mmol/l, at pH 6.1 increased the plasma immunoreactive (IRS) concentration from 2.2 +/- 0.7 pmol/l to 29 +/- 6.1 pmol/l during the first 20 min. This was accompanied by an increased pancreatic secretion of fluid, while the chymotrypsin output showed a "wash-out' phenomenon. TC increased both the bile-acid-dependent and the bile acid-independent bile secretion. In comparison, HCl, 150 mmol/l, increased IRS from 0.9 +/- 0.5 pmol/l to 41 +/- 15 pmol/l, producing an increase in the pancreatic fluid secretion. However, only a slight increase in the bile-acid independent bile secretion was found, and the bile-acid-dependent secretion did not change. The effects of TC on the pancreatic secretion were produced at concentrations occurring in cat hepatic bile. PMID- 7367826 TI - Urinary bile acid excretion in correlation to liver histopathology in cystic fibrosis. AB - Urinary bile acid excretion and liver morphology were compared in 25 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). None showed clinical signs of liver disease. Most of the patients had normal liver function tests. Bile acids were determined in 24-h samples by a modification of the method of Alme. All patients had increased urinary excretion of trihydroxy bile acids, mainly cholic, 3 beta, 7 beta, 12 alpha- and 3 alpha, 7 beta, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acids. Lithocholic acid excretion was lower in CF than in normal children. The urinary excretion of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid was not increased in CF. In three patients with cirrhosis the urinary excretion of chenodeoxycholic acid was increased. The ratio of cholic to 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acids was increased in all but three patients, and the ratio of chenodeoxycholic to 3 beta-hydroxy-5 cholenoic acids was increased in those with cirrhosis. These ratios differed more between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic CF patients in this series than the ratio of cholic to chenodeoxycholic acids. PMID- 7367828 TI - Collection of large quantities of granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (CFUc) in man by means of continuous-flow leukapheresis. AB - Continuous-flow leukapheresis using the AMINCO Celltrifuge was performed in 35 adult volunteers for the procurement of large quantities of granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (CFUc) as part of the mononuclear leucocytes. The donor blood volume processed was 12 1 at a flow rate of 50 ml per min. The centrifuge speed was 800 rpm. The mean yield of mononuclear cells (MNC) per run was 12.0 x 10(9) and that of CFUc, 8.7 x 10(5). The leukapheresis did not much affect the donor blood cell concentration except the platelet concentration; this must be considered as a limiting factor for leukapheresis. The mean granulocyte contamination of the leukapheresis-derived leucocytes was only about 10%. Successive leukaphereses (with short-term intervals) in 7 donors led to significant increases in CFUc yield. The possible therapeutic application of blood stem cells in the treatment of haemopoietic failure in man is discussed. PMID- 7367829 TI - Acute non myeloid leukaemia in adults. Prognostic factors in 92 patients. AB - An analysis of prognostic factors was performed on a series of 92 adult patients with acute non-myeloid leukaemia (ANML). Four factors were shown to be correlated with a poor short-term prognosis: (1) Neuropathy involving a single cranial nerve (numbness of the chin) as a presenting feature. (2) A low percentage blast cell infiltration of bone marrow (less than 55%). (3) Cytological L2 type or L3 type of cells according to FAB classification proposals. (4) Increased age. Two factors were shown to be correlated with a poor long-term prognosis: 1) A high level of circulating blast cells; 2) A high tumour burden, as in childhood ANML. These two long-term prognostic factors were interrelated. In addition, our results suggested that myelofibrosis could be a poor long-term prognosis factor as well. PMID- 7367830 TI - 2 translocations, t(11;14) and t(1;6), in a patient with plasma cell leukaemia and 2 populations of plasma cells. AB - 2 translocations, t(11;14) and t(1;6), were found in 24 out of 46 metaphases in bone marrow cells from an untreated patient with plasma cell leukaemia. The predominating cell population produced only kappa chains while a minute population produced IgG kappa. All serum Ig's were low and only minimal amounts of monoclonal IgG kappa were found in the serum and very small amounts of kappa light chains in the urine. Analyses of ours and 2 other reported patients indicated the possibility that the location of breakpoints on the chromosomes may be of etiologic importance for the type of light chain and perhaps for the class of heavy chain. PMID- 7367831 TI - A case of cold haemoglobinuria with later sarcoidosis. Treatment with plasmapheresis and immunosuppressiva. AB - A case of severe but transient haemolytic disease occurring after a febrile episode is described. The thermal amplitude of the haemolysin was high during the acute phase, since the autoantibody fixed complement at 31 degrees C. After 4 months complement fixation could exclusively be demonstrated at 4 degrees C. The patient was treated in a room heated to 30-32 degrees C. The treatment consisted of prednisone and azathioprine and during the acute phase plasmapheresis was attempted in order to reduce the antibody concentration. However, the haemolysis decreased when the thermal amplitude of the antibody diminished. 1 year after termination of therapy, she developed sarcoidosis. PMID- 7367832 TI - The internal viscosity of the human erythrocyte may determine its lifespan in vivo. AB - Young red cells obtained by high-speed centrifugation of a normal blood sample had an MCHC of 31.7 g/dl which corresponds to an internal viscocity of about 9 cP. Old red cells from the same blood sample had an average MCHC of 37.5 g/dl which is equivalent to a mean internal viscosity of about 54 cP. This increased internal viscocity of old cells must result in a prolonged transit time through the narrow channels of the splenic microvasculature and consequently an increased probability of contact with a phagocytic macrophage. This probability of contact increases as the internal viscosity of the cell is further increased and may represent one of the major factors associated with the detection and subsequent elimination of senescent cells by the spleen. PMID- 7367833 TI - Serum selenium levels in malignant lymphoproliferative diseases. AB - Serum selenium levels were measured in 38 patients with malignant lymphoproliferative diseases (MLD) and in 34 non-hospitalized healthy individuals. Selenium was determined by proton induced x-ray emission. In Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma the mean serum levels of selenium were not different from those of the control group. On the contrary lowered mean serum selenium concentrations were observed in the group with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (5.2 +/- 0.7 microgram/100 ml) as compared to normal individuals (7.9 +/- 0.3 microgram/100 ml). The difference is highly significant (P less than 0.005). A second selenium test was made in 11 out of the 38 patients within 8 weeks from the beginning of radiotherapy or chemotherapy; unchanged levels were found. PMID- 7367835 TI - Extravascular phagocytosis of proerythrocytes following 5-fluorouracil. AB - Amongst the perturbations induced in mouse bone marrow by 5-fluorouracil are the retention and phagocytosis of proerythrocytes within the extravascular compartment. Reasons for the latter response have been sought using electron microscopy. Proerythrocytes undergo normal maturation after 5-fluorouracil, judged by loss of mitochondria and vesicles, but fail generally to attain a biconcave shape. Most proerythrocytes have lost their organelles before phagocytosis occurs. Quantitative light microscopy shows a rise in the number of proerythrocytes 1 d after 5-fluorouracil which is attributable to maturation of orthochromatic erythroblasts. Thereafter the population size declines concomitantly with increased engulfment and phagocytosis by macrophages, activity which is maximal on days 4-5. Extravascular loss of proerythrocytes is also observed when marrow is rendered hypocellular by x-irradiation, or hydroxyurea. It is suggested that excessive maturation of proerythrocytes in the extravascular compartment can lead to their phagocytosis. PMID- 7367834 TI - Platelet aggregation in neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia. AB - In 19 jaundiced newborns who had no evidence of kernicterus the effect of bilirubin on adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine and collagen-induced platelet aggregation was studied. Compared to 20 normal adult controls, no significant difference was found for ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation in jaundiced infants. However, with epinephrine, significantly decreased aggregation was observed, but this was also the case for non-jaundiced infants. This suggests that the reduced response to epinephrine in hyperbilirubinaemic infants is related to age rather than to bilirubin. Increased bilirubin is therefore not responsible for any increased bleeding tendency due to impaired platelet function. PMID- 7367836 TI - Immunity to diphtheria in Helsinki in 1975. AB - To determine the status of the population's immunity to diphtheria, the Schick test was performed on 489 and the diphtheria antitoxin level determined in 404 hospital patients, all residents of Helsinki. A low ("unprotective", less than 0.01 IU/ml) antitoxin level was found in not more than 5% among persons under 20. The highest percentage, 48%, was found in the 50--59 years age group. A low antitoxin level was more common among women than men in those over 40 years of age. Taking into consideration the age structure of the population of Helsinki in 1975, 23% of the population had an antitoxin level less than 0.01 IU/ml. The percentage of Schick-positives among different age groups was almost the same as the percentage of low antitoxin levels. Of 100 serum samples from military recruits coming from different regions of the country, 15% had an antitoxin level below 0.01 IU/ml. PMID- 7367837 TI - Fibrinogen catabolism in patients with postoperative infectious complications. AB - The biological half-life (TB) of 125I-fibrinogen was studied in 21 surgical patients, using a precordial counting technique. TB was calculated for the first 4 postoperative days (first phase) and for the 5th to 10th days (second phase). Daily calculations of TB were undertaken in 15 patients. In patients with a normal postoperative course, TB was 2.31 days (first phase) and 3.80 days (second phase). In patients with a postoperative infectious complication (PIC), TB was 1.74 days (first phase) and 2.21 days (second phase), which was significantly shorter than corresponding values in patients with normal postoperative course. The mean of the daily values of TB was significantly shorter in the second phase in patients with PICs compared to those with a normal postoperative course. Co variance analysis of daily TB in the first and second phases showed no significant difference in 25/30 phases (83%). It is suggested that TB of 125I fibrinogen can be used as a complement to the clinical diagnosis of PIC. Further studies are desirable to confirm the method. PMID- 7367838 TI - Demonstration of increased platelet-bound IgG in infectious mononucleosis complicated by severe thrombocytopenia. AB - In an attempt to confirm the immune nature of the thrombocytopenia complicating infectious mononucleosis, the amount of IgG bound to the platelets of 2 affected patients was measured. Using a sensitive quantitative antiglobulin consumption technique, increased amounts of IgG were demonstrated during the thrombocytopenic phase of the illness. This observation represents convincing evidence in favour of platelet destruction by an immune mechanism. PMID- 7367840 TI - Clindamycin unresponsive anaerobic osteomyelitis treated with oral metronidazole. AB - A diabetic patient with peripheral neuropathy and a foot ulcer developed osteomyelitis of the foot. Antibiotic therapy of the aerobes isolated from the ulcer resulted in no clinical improvement. Intravenous clindamycin therapy of the anaerobe isolated (Bacteroides fragilis) was associated with an incomplete and temporary response, but there was a dramatic response to oral metronidazole with healing of the ulcer and osteomyelitis. One year later there were no signs of recurrence. PMID- 7367839 TI - Suppression of lymphocyte PHA-responsiveness after rubella vaccination with Cendehill and RA 27/3 strains. AB - Two rubella vaccine strains, Cendehill and RA 27/3, were compared with regard to their immunosuppressive effect in vivo. 26 female vaccinees were studied. Both vaccines caused a slight transient suppression of lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens on day 11 after vaccination. A whole blood culture method was used for lymphocyte stimulation tests, and the method appeared suitable for clinical studies of cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 7367841 TI - Are there delusions specific for paranoid disorders vs. schizophrenia? AB - DSM-III proposes that only persecutory delusions and delusions of jealousy can occur in paranoid disorders, all other types of delusions in the absence of an affective syndrome being indicative of schizophrenia. The scant empirical evidence relevant to this issue suggests that the type of delusion on admission is not predictive of outcome in patients with paranoid psychosis. These findings raise questions about the validity of the distinction drawn in DSM-III between types of delusions. PMID- 7367842 TI - A longitudinal study of psychiatric outcome: developmental variables vs. psychiatric symptoms. PMID- 7367844 TI - [The Werner syndrome]. AB - Werner's syndrome, also known as "progeria adultorum", manifests itself in young adults. They appear older than their chronological age. Characteristically, there is atrophy in the distal extremities and the face. There is progressive scleropoikiloderma and hyperkeratosis on the foot soles. In the face, there is frequently a "bird-like" expression. Other characteristics are premature graying and early loss of hair, juvenile cataracts, hypogonadism, diabetic symptoms, arteriosclerosis, osteoporosis, small stature with characteristic features, muscle atrophy and cardiac abnormalities. The disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive way. Pathogenesis is unclear. In the following paper, we are reporting the case of a 29 year old saleswoman, who complained of cramps in the calves, and presented the typical symptoms of Werner's syndrome. PMID- 7367843 TI - [Benign laryngeal chondroma causing recurrent asthma attacks. Case report and review of the literature]. AB - We report on a 74-year-old man who presented with recurring episodes of asthma. He was admitted in a severe asthmatic state which could not be resolved with the usual bronchodilatatory therapy. An attempt at oro-tracheal intubation failed due to an obstruction in the larynx and the patient died before an emergency tracheotomy could be done. At autopsy a chondroma of the larynx measuring 2.5 x 2.5 x 3 cm was found. It originated from the posterior cricoid cartilage and virtually filled the whole infraglottic space. Chondromas of the larynx are very rare. Dyspnea and hoarseness are the most frequent signs, a stridor is rarely noted. The asthmatic symptoms of our patient are unusual. Morphology, symptomatology, diagnosis and therapy of laryngeal chondromas are discussed and the literature reviewed. PMID- 7367845 TI - [Phanacetin abuse III. Malignant urinary tract tumors in phenacetin abuse in Basle 1963-1977]. AB - In 442 inhabitants of Basel 451 malignant tumors of the lower urinary tract were found at autopsy or biopsy from 1963 to 1977. 69/442 patients were abusers of phenacetin containing analgesics. Carcinomas and sarcomas of the lower urinary tract were nearly 13 times as frequent in abusers as in non-abusers. Carcinomas of the renal pelvis were 77 times, carcinomas of the ureter 89 times and those of the urinary bladder 7 times as frequent among abusers. The differences in incidence of malignant tumors are statistically highly significant for all localizations and for multiple carcinomas as well, even if smokers are excluded. "Phenacetin tumors" occurred in younger patients and were more common in women than in non-abusers. They were ofen, though not always, accompanied by analgesic nephropathy. Comparison with other etiological factors such as aromatic amines or thorotrast demonstrated that phenacetin abuse is of greatest importance. The significance of smoking cannot be established unequivocally. Because of the occurrence of a large number of malignant tumors in phenacetin abusers it is very important to prohibit by legislation the use of phenacetin or paracetamol containing analgesics without medical prescription. In addition, these drugs should be replaced by other analgesic compounds. PMID- 7367846 TI - [Sugar substitutes in caries prevention]. PMID- 7367847 TI - [Health hazards caused by wood in Switzerland]. AB - The clinical signs and symptoms of health hazards caused by wood are discussed together with their etiology and pathogenesis. 165 such cases were reported to the SUVA (Swiss Accident Insurance Association) up to the end of 1978. Disorders were most common among workers having the greatest exposure to the fine wood dust produced by tropical woods (in particular during grinding and cutting processes). 130 patients suffered from allergic contact eczema or non-allergic contact dermatitis. 35 patients suffered from respiratory tract disorders, 12 of these being classic bronchial asthma. Reference is made to the literature which points to the sharply increased incidence of adenocarcinoma of the paranasal sinus after long-term exposure to wood dust. PMID- 7367848 TI - [Pollinosis. II. Specific hyposensitization: indications and results of treatment. A study with the allergen preparation Stallergenes-Depot in the pollen season of 1976, 1977 and 1978]. AB - The efficacy of hyposensitization treatment of pollen allergy has been proven by a series of double blind studies. The clinical success of specific treatment with semi-depot extracts amounts, according to retrospective studies, to 70% and 90% in hay fever and seasonal asthma. Our results, with a success quota averaging 75% obtained by 821 courses of treatment between 1976 and 1978, are within the range reported by other authors. Only 1-2% of the patients experienced a worsening of the allergic symptoms during immunotherapy. The success quota in connection with organ manifestation varied between 65.7% to 86.5% for asthma (up to 34% cured), 59,8% to 79% for rhinitis and 70,5% to 84% for conjuncitivitis. The global results of 409 hyposensitization treatments by outside practitioners in pollen season 1976 were not inferior statistically to those obtained by our allergy unit. The results after 2 and 3 courses, with a success quota of 85%, were statistically significantly better than after the first course. The local reactions observed in approximately 27% of patients, and the allergic generalized reactions seen in approximately 7% during hyposensitization, are described and discussed. Guidelines for the indication for hyposensitization treatment of pollinosis, for the composition of the pollen extracts (only a few relevant allergens!) and for practical performance are given. PMID- 7367849 TI - [Initial aspects of the changes in diabetic proteinuria]. AB - Proteinuria was analysed quantitatively and qualitatively in 156 diabetics and 63 matched controls. The study was limited to patients with a proteinuria of less than 100 ng/min in the recumbency. The urinary proteins were analysed using cellulose acetate electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis and sodium dodecylsulfate poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Abnormal urinary protein patterns were more frequent in diabetics than in the controls (p less than 0.01). However, when the subjects were divided into 2 groups according to their age, the limit being arbitrarily chosen at 60 years, the differences were statistically not significant in the older group. By contrast, in the younger group, the proportion of perfectly normal patterns was significantly decreased in diabetics as compared to the controls (p less than 0.005). In our diabetic population, chosen on the basis of a quantitatively normal proteinuria, no clear relation could be found between the abnormalities of the urinary protein electrophoretic patterns and the patient's clinical data, with the exception of vascular and cardiac complications. Our results suggest that qualitative changes of urinary proteins might be the first signs of renal complications in diabetic patients and that diabetes might constitute an additional cause of aging for the kidneys. PMID- 7367850 TI - [Phenacetin abuse IV. Are cytological urine studies successful and usable in the prevention of tumors in phenacetin abusers?]. AB - 971 samples of urine and washes of the urinary bladder in 643 patients were investigated cytologically. Urothelial carcinoma was present in 27 patients. In 11 cases the carcinoma was diagnosed by urinary cytology; 7 of the carcinomas were localized in the urinary bladder, 3 in the renal pelvis and 1 in the ureter. By contrast, all 19 tumors diagnosed in washes were localized in the urinary bladder. Diagnostic sensitivity was 100% in urine and about 75% in bladder washes. In 5 other patients cytologic diagnosis of carcinoma could not be confirmed by histology. In 4 of these, urothelial papillomas were present and in 1 patient a carcinoma of the bladder had been resected previously. Thus, the diagnostic accuracy of urinary cytology is good if essential methodological prerequisites are fulfilled. Therefore, urinary cytology appears to be an appropriate method for screening programmes in high risk patients such as phenacetin abusers. The estimated costs of a screening programme in Basel are 50 000-150 000 Swiss francs. However, a preliminary study to verify the value of such a screening programme is suggested. PMID- 7367851 TI - [Experiences with the tuberculin tine test in serial tests]. AB - During the past year the tuberculin tine test, frequently used in Switzerland to indicate tuberculin allergy, was again the subject of controversy. A retrospective study analysed results of tuberculin tests in school children (average age 15) obtained by the Basle School Health Service during 1976--1978. A total of 4919 tine tests were read during this period. 2416 of the total of 3405 tine-negative pupils were also tested with 10 TU PPD Berna according to Mantoux. 357 (14.8%) showed positive reactions. Since not all tine-negative pupils were submitted to a Mantoux test, it must be assumed that 14.8% false negatives were missed in the group not further tested. On this basis, a sensitivity of 74.4% was calculated for the tine test. It is a debatable point whether this is sufficient for practical use. PMID- 7367853 TI - [Prevalence of hypertension and borderline hypertension in students. Comparison with a non-student group]. AB - A blood pressure detection program was conducted at the University of Zurich in June 1978. Three consecutive blood pressure measurements using random-zero mercury sphygmomanometers (n = 4) were performed in 1364 students and 440 other subjects by 8 different investigators. Height and body weight were also measured and used to calculate the body mass index (Quetelet index). Personal history, physical activity, smoking and dietary habits were analyzed with the aid of a questionnaire. In comparison to initially measured values, there was a statistically significant decrease in systolic and diastolic pressure readings as the trial proceeded (p less than 0.001). Based on the mean value of all three measurements, hypertension was observed in only 1.7% of the male and 0.9% of the female students. In the other subjects covered by the trial the comparable values were 7.9% in males and 4.5% in females. The true prevalence of hypertension (addition of those persons with normotensive blood pressure values and simultaneous antihypertensive therapy) was 1.9% in male and 1.1% in female students, whereas 12.0% of the male and 8.5% of the female non-students suffered from hypertension. The prevalence of border-line hypertension (mean value of all three tests) was 7.4% in male and 3.0% in female students. Corresponding values for the other subjects tested were 18.7% (males) and 11.6% (females). PMID- 7367852 TI - [Traumatic juvenile paraplegia]. AB - We describe the special features and complications connected with the acute phase and long-term course in 28 children with traumatic paraplegia seen for an average duration of 9 1/2 years. Recognition of spinal cord injury was delayed in a third of the cases due to skull and brain trauma and/or multiple injuries. There was subsequently a partial improvement in the neurological status of 7 of 23 children who were initially considered to have sustained complete paraplegia. The extent of independence, education, further training and social integration achieved is impressive and emphasizes the enormous significance of rehabilitation which is particularly complex and laborious in the case of paraplegic children. PMID- 7367854 TI - [Concerning: Weihe W. H. : Animal protection and animal experiment from the viewpoint of biomedical research. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 109, 1577-1583 (1979)]. PMID- 7367855 TI - Inhibition of cadmium-induced hypertension in rats. AB - In a low cadmium environment, adding 10 parts per million (ppm) of cadmium to the drinking water of rats for 3 to 18 months induced increases in systolic pressure averaging 12 to 18 mm Hg. The pressor effect of the cadmium was inhibited by adding 3.6 ppm of selenium or 200 ppm of zinc to the drinking water or by dissolving the cadmium in hard water rather than deionized water. A second experiment with 2.5 ppm of cadmium and smaller amounts of selenium and zinc was confirmatory. Exposure to 10 ppm of cadmium increased renal, hepatic, and cardiac cadmium many fold from barely detectable control levels; however, the increases were much less when the cadmium was dissolved in hard water. Cadmium exposure also increased tissue zinc by 30 to 60%. The addition of selenium to cadmium further increased cardiac cadmium, but the addition of zinc to cadmium had no further effect on tissue cadmium. Tissue selenium concentrations were suggestively but not significantly higher following selenium exposure. Cadmium alone, or combined with selenium or zinc, increased renal copper; while the combination of cadmium and selenium increased hepatic copper. PMID- 7367856 TI - Osteoporosis: a cautionary note. PMID- 7367857 TI - BW and recombinant DNA. PMID- 7367858 TI - Alzheimer's disease: X-ray spectrometric evidence of aluminum accumulation in neurofibrillary tangle-bearing neurons. AB - The elemental content of neurons of the hippocampus was studied by a combination of scanning electron microscopy and x-ray spectrometry in autopsy-derived brain tissue from three cases of senile dementia (Alzheimer type) and three nondemented elderly controls. Foci of aluminum were detected within the nuclear region of a high percentage of neurons containing neurofibrillary tangles from the cases of senile dementia as well as the elderly controls. The adjacent normal-appearing neurons from both groups of patients were virtually free of detectable aluminum. These findings suggest that the association of aluminum to Alzheimer's disease extends to the neuronal level. PMID- 7367860 TI - Mild cold exposure increases survival in rats with medial preoptic lesions. AB - High mortality rate in rats with large medial preoptic lesions discourage their use in studies of brain function. However, virtually all such animals (six out of seven) survived indefinitely if kept at an ambient temperature of 15 degrees C for 2 hours before and 10 to 12 hours after the lesions were made. Although these rats appeared otherwise healthy, they could not maintain normal both temperatures in short-term cold tests. In contrast, five of the nine rats kept at 25 degrees C died within 10 hours after the operation, and three more died within 5 days. Rats kept at 25 degrees C had a much higher incidence of cardiac arrhythmias than did rats kept at 15 degrees C, which may be responsible for their higher moratlity rates. PMID- 7367859 TI - Genetic expression of Wilson's disease in cell culture: a diagnostic marker. AB - Wilson's disease fibroblasts have an elevated intracellular copper concentration as compared to cultured control cells. A decreased ratio of copper to protein was observed in cytoplasmic protein (or proteins) having a molecular weight greater than or equal to 30,000 in Wilson's disease cells. The results of this culture study indicate its potential importance in the early unequivocal diagnosis of this disorder. PMID- 7367861 TI - Cadmium increases tissue factor (coagulation factor III) activity by facilitating its reassociation with lipids. AB - The coagulant activity of partially purified and delipidated tissue factor (TF) (coagulation Factor III) has previously been recovered by dialysis of the apoprotein after addition of mixed brain lipids and deoxycholate. Inclusion of cadmium chloride in the relipidation mixture greatly increases the recovered activity of highly purified TF from human placenta by promoting incorporation of TF into phospholipid vesicles; TF that had not been incorporated into vesicles showed no coagulant activity. Thus, TF must be present in a lipid bilayer for expression of coagulant activity. In vitro, cadmium induces fusion of lipid vesicles and may contribute to the incorporation of proteins in membranes. PMID- 7367862 TI - An explanation of the language of a chimpanzee. AB - The language barrier of the chimpanzee Lana, previously described by Rumbaugh (1977), can be simulated by a computer model in which the animal selects, depending upon context, one of six stock sentences with fixed and variable elements. PMID- 7367863 TI - The proliferation of scientific literature: a natural process. AB - Primary scientific literature seems not to be growing at a greater rate than the scientific community it serves. The impression of excessive proliferation arises mainly from the differentiation of journals to accomodate rapid expansion in specialized fields of research. A large fraction of this literature is of marginal value, but should not be excluded from comprehensive archives for possible retrieval. For awareness of significant current developments, however, scientists depend on a small number of core journals whose quality is maintained by editorial selectivity and competition. PMID- 7367864 TI - Antibiotics in the barnyard. PMID- 7367866 TI - Hydralazine-pyrimidine interactions may explain hydralazine-induced lupus erythematosus. AB - Hydralazine, the prototypic drug that induces systemic lupus erythematosus, reacts with thymidine and deoxycytidine. Analysis of a reaction mixture of therapeutic concentrations of hydralazine with labeled thymidine reveals at least four labeled products. At higher concentrations, hydralazine reacts with labeled deoxycytidine to form at least three labeled products. Formation of these products is markedly enhanced by exposure to ultraviolet light. The reaction of hydralazine with thymidine and deoxycytidine may be in part responsible for initiating drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7367865 TI - NMC thrives selling dialysis. PMID- 7367867 TI - Allele increasing susceptibility to human breast cancer may be linked to the glutamate-pyruvate transaminase locus. AB - The patterns of the occurrence of breast cancer in 11 high-risk families were evaluated by segregation and linkage analysis. These patterns were consistent with the hypothesis that increased susceptibility to breast cancer was inherited as an autosomal dominant allele with high penetrance in women. The postulated susceptibility allele in these families may be chromosomally linked to the glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (E.C. 2.6.1.2, alanine aminotransferase) locus. Confirmation of this linkage in other families would establish the existence of a gene increasing susceptibility to breast cancer. Since there is no association in the general population between a woman's glutamate-pyruvate transaminase genotype and her cancer risk, the glutamate-pyruvate transaminase linkage cannot be used as a screening test for breast cancer. PMID- 7367868 TI - Survival of mice receiving melanoma transplants is promoted by hydroquinone. AB - In BALB/c female mice with melanoma transplants, the incidence of "takes" is decreased and survival is increased by hydroquinone, a melanocytolytic agent. The mechanism of drug action is suggested by via DNA. The significant and high degree of positive response to hydroquinone treatment in vivo is encouraging for the clinical management of melanoma with melanocytolytic agents. PMID- 7367869 TI - Visual aftereffects derived from inspection of orthogonally moving patterns. AB - Alternate inspection of patterns moving in orthogonal directions induces an aftereffect in which a stationary test pattern seems to move in a new direction. This direction is the resultant of the two directions of aftereffect that would have arisen from separately inspecting each of the moving patterns. The direction in which objects appear to move, like their color and depth, can thus depend on a synthesis of unperceived components. PMID- 7367870 TI - An "inhibitory" influence on brainstem population responses. AB - Forward masking was used to obtain measurements of physiological masking and two tone unmasking from short-latency evoked potentials and psychophysical responses in human subjects. The physiological results are in qualitative agreement with data on inhibitory phenomena in nonhuman auditory systems. The neural and behavioral data obtained thus far agree well. PMID- 7367871 TI - Interspecific chimeras in mammals: successful production of live chimeras between Mus musculus and Mus caroli. AB - Live chimeras between two species of mouse, Mus musculus and Mus caroli, were produced by blastocyst injection. These chimeras were entirely similar to M. musculus in equilibrium with M. musculus chimeras in their somatic tissue organization. This is the first report of completely normal development of interspecific chimeras in mammals. PMID- 7367872 TI - Unequal alternating monocular deprivation causes asymmetric visual fields in cats. AB - Kittens were reared so that each eye received normal patterned vision on alternate days. If the eyes received equal periods of stimulation, the visual fields were normal. If one eye received much more experience than the other, the field of the less experienced eye was restricted to the temporal hemifield. This change, which differs from that observed when one or both eyes are deprived continuously of patterned input, suggests that an imbalance in the duration of stimulation can influence the outcome of the normal competitive interaction between pathways from the two eyes and can cause a selective suppression of a portion of the input from the less experienced eye. This suppression may involve the ipsilateral retino-geniculo-cortical pathways or it may involve the entire cortical pathway from the less experienced eye, leaving the colliculus to control responses to visual targets. PMID- 7367873 TI - Indoor air pollution, tobacco smoke, and public health. AB - An experimental and theoretical investigation is made into the range and nature of the exposure of the nonsmoking public to respirable suspended particulates from cigarette smoke. A model incorporating both physical and sociological parameters is shown to be useful in understanding particulate levels from cigarette smoke in indoor environments. Observed levels of particulates correlate with the predictions of the model. It is shown that nonsmokers are exposed to significant air pollution burdens from indoor smoking. An assessment of the public health policy implications of these burdens is presented. PMID- 7367874 TI - Phenobarbital exposure in utero: alterations in female reproductive function in rats. AB - Phenobarbital administration to pregnant rats from day 12 to day 19 of gestation suppressed body weight gain and produced significant effects on reproductive function in their offspring. These effects included delays in the onset of puberty, disorders in the estrous cycle, and infertility. Moreover, the animals exposed to phenobarbital in utero showed altered concentrations of sex steroids, gonadotrophic hormones, and estrogen receptors. These findings suggest that phenobarbital treatment during prenatal development can produce permanent alterations in sexual maturation. PMID- 7367875 TI - DNA polymerases in parasitic protozoans differ from host enzymes. AB - Analysis of extracts of the bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei showed that both DNA polymerase-alpha and DNA polymerase-beta activities were present. The detection of DNA polymerase-beta in T. brucei demonstrates the presence of this enzyme in unicellular organisms. DNA polymerase-beta is present also in Leishmania mexicana. The DNA polymerases in T. brucei are immunologically distinct from the host enzymes. The structural differences between the parasite and the host enzymes could be exploited for the development of agents to combat parasitic diseases. PMID- 7367877 TI - Cadmium concentrations in blood. PMID- 7367876 TI - Hearing in the elephant (Elephas maximus). AB - Auditory thresholds were determined for a 7-year-old Indian elephant. The hearing range extended from 17 hertz to 10.5 kilohertz. The results indicate that the inverse relationship between functional interaural distance (that is, the distance between the two ears divided by the speed of sound) and high-frequency hearing limit is valid even for very large mammals. PMID- 7367878 TI - Does malnutrition affect fecundity? A summary of evidence. AB - Moderate chronic malnutrition has only a minor effect on fecundity (reproductive capacity), and the resulting effect on fertility (actural reproduction) is very small. Among the fecundity components examined here in noncontracepting populations, age at menarche and the duration of lactational amenorrhea appear to be the ones most affected by malnutrition. But from neither of those effects can a difference in fertility of more than a few percent be expected between poorly and well-nourished women in developing countries. PMID- 7367879 TI - Legislating an end to animals in the lab. PMID- 7367880 TI - EPA announces toxic waste controls. PMID- 7367882 TI - Monte Carlo simulation of water behavior around the dipeptide N-acetylalanyl-N methylamide. AB - Applications of Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics computer simulation techniques indicate that they are potentially powerful tools for understanding biological systems at the molecular level. The Monte Carlo technique can be used to study the solvent structure around a small peptide and the effect of the aqueous environment on the conformational equilibria of the peptide. PMID- 7367881 TI - Sexual characteristics of adult female mice are correlated with their blood testosterone levels during prenatal development. AB - Mice produce litters containing many pups, and the female fetuses that develop between male fetuses have significantly higher concentrations of the male sex steroid testosterone in both their blood and amniotic fluid than do females that develop between other female fetuses. These two types of females differ during later life in many sexually related characteristics. Thus, individual variation in sexual characteristics of adult female mice may be traceable to differential exposure to testosterone during prenatal development because of intrauterine proximity to male fetuses. PMID- 7367883 TI - Calcification inside artificial hearts: inhibition by warfarin-sodium. AB - Intracavitary calcium phosphate deposits were observed in smooth, elastomeric blood pump sacs implanted in male calves for periods of 115 to 166 days. These deposits occurred predominantly on the flexing surface of the sacs. In contrast, similar pump sacs remained generally free of mineral deposits for up to 150 days in calves treated with the anticoagulant warfarin-sodium. These results implicate a vitamin K-dependent process in calcium phosphate deposition on elastomeric sacs. PMID- 7367884 TI - Alteration in connections between muscle and anterior horn motoneurons after peripheral nerve repair. AB - The connections between the spinal cord and lower leg muscles of the rat are significantly altered by repair of the intervening sciatric nerve. Muscles supplied by the peroneal branch of the sciatic are innervated by fewer motoneurons after sciatic repair. Many of these neurons originally innervated the peroneal muscles, and others formerly served the antagonistic tibial muscles. Perikarya in the size range of alpha motoneurons regained peripheral connections with greater frequency than those in the gamma range. There are thus postoperative defects in the extent and specificity of alpha reinnervation as well as in the degree of gamma control. PMID- 7367885 TI - A disparity gradient limit for binocular fusion. AB - Ever since Panum, it has been commonly assumed that there is an absolute disparity limit for binocular fusion. It is now found that nearby objects modify this disparity limit. This result sheds new light on several enigmatic phenomena in stereopsis. PMID- 7367886 TI - Telemetered electromyography of forelimb muscle chains in gibbons (Hylobates lar). AB - Electromyographic studies of brachiation in the gibbon controvert deductions, based on dissection, about the purported functions of muscle chains in the hylobatid forelimb. Neither force conduction distally along the components of the chains nor simultaneity of muscular contraction occurs in brachiation. Rather, the unique structure of the forelimb is probably the result of evolved changes in the short head of biceps brachii to enhance its role as a forearm flexor. PMID- 7367887 TI - Suprathreshold processing of complex visual stimuli: evidence for linearity in contrast perception. AB - Magnitude estimation experiments show that perceived contrast for both sine and square waves is a linear function of stimulus contrast. The suprathreshold sine:square ratio required for equal perceived contrast derived from these data was verified by contrast matching experiments. These findings imply a high degree of linearity in suprathreshold visual processing of contrast. PMID- 7367888 TI - Saccadic eye movements and body sway. AB - Different conditions of moving retinal images show differential influences on postural stability. A surrounding pattern moved during steady fixation increases body sway, but similar image motions generated by voluntary saccades do not. Mechanisms for postural control do not respond to visual feedback during saccades. Analogous principles in saccadic suppression and space constancy are discussed. PMID- 7367889 TI - Opioid and nonopioid mechanisms of stress analgesia. AB - Inescapable foot shock in rats caused profound analgesia that was antagonized by naloxone or dexamethasone when shock was delivered intermittently for 30 minutes, but not when it was delivered continuously for 3 minutes. Thus, depending only on its temporal characteristics, foot-shock stress appears to activate opioid or nonopioid analgesia mechanisms. Certain forms of stress may act as natural inputs to an endogenous opiate analgesia system. PMID- 7367892 TI - The nurse oncologist. PMID- 7367890 TI - Endothelial cells of bovine pulmonary artery lack receptors for C3b and for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G. AB - Bovine pulmonary endothelial cells do not possess receptors for the 3b component of complement (C3b) or for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G. The lack of these receptors may help explain the nonthrombogenic function of endothelial cells. Our findings rule out the possibility that endothelial cells participate in pulmonary immune complex disease through the binding of C3b or Fc fragments. PMID- 7367891 TI - Flavor-illness aversions: the peculiar roles of odor and taste in memory for poison. AB - When either taste or odor alone was followed by poison, rats acquired a strong aversion for the taste but not for odor, especially if poison was delayed. When odor-taste combinations were poisoned, however, odor aversions were potentiated, as if odor could gain the enduring memorial property of taste by associative contiguity. PMID- 7367893 TI - The nurse in a community hospital setting. PMID- 7367894 TI - Nursing roles in continuing care: home care and hospice. PMID- 7367895 TI - The role of the nurse in radiation oncology. PMID- 7367896 TI - Emerging roles of the nurse in oncology. PMID- 7367898 TI - The nurse's role in screening and cancer detection. PMID- 7367899 TI - The nurse and cancer patient education. PMID- 7367900 TI - Education of the oncology nurse: the key to excellent patient care. PMID- 7367897 TI - The growing role of nurses in enterostomal therapy. PMID- 7367901 TI - Research in cancer nursing. PMID- 7367904 TI - The utility of medical geography research. PMID- 7367906 TI - Rural--urban differences in child care and breastfeeding behaviour in Southeastern Nigeria. PMID- 7367903 TI - Playing dumb: a form of impression management with undesirable side effects. PMID- 7367902 TI - The nurse in a cancer research setting. PMID- 7367907 TI - Identifying medical regions using hierarchical clustering. PMID- 7367905 TI - Convergence or divergence: the rural--urban distribution of physicians and dentists in census divisions and incorporated cities, towns, and villages in Alberta, Canada 1956--1976. PMID- 7367911 TI - The relationship between physician practice location and medical school area: an empirical model. PMID- 7367909 TI - An insular geography approach to equilibrium numbers of physician specialties across urban centers. PMID- 7367914 TI - Traditional medicine and its practitioners among the Yoruba of Nigeria: a classification. PMID- 7367908 TI - Clues for case control studies of cancer in the Northeast urban corridor. PMID- 7367912 TI - A simulation model for planning emergency response systems. PMID- 7367913 TI - Status characteristics, leadership consensus and decision-making among nurses. PMID- 7367915 TI - The method of training traditional healers and midwives among the Yoruba of Nigeria. PMID- 7367917 TI - The relationships of quantified human smoking behavior and demographic variables. PMID- 7367916 TI - The organizational, interactional and care-oriented conditions for patient participation in continuity of care: a framework for staff intervention. PMID- 7367910 TI - Fluoride in ground water. PMID- 7367918 TI - The role of models in professional socialization. PMID- 7367921 TI - Consumer satisfaction with physician provided services: a panel study. PMID- 7367919 TI - Criteria used in first admissions and readmissions to psychiatric hospitals. PMID- 7367920 TI - Close encounters of the medical kind: attitudes toward male and female physicians. PMID- 7367924 TI - Comment: suicide prevention by the Samaritans. PMID- 7367925 TI - Suicide in Japan. PMID- 7367922 TI - Looking at levels of medicalization: a comment on Strong's critique of the thesis of medical imperialism. PMID- 7367923 TI - Beautiful patients are good patients: evidence for the physical attractiveness stereotype in first impressions of patients. PMID- 7367929 TI - Hemodialyzability of acetazolamide. AB - Because the dialyzability of acetazolamide is not known, we undertook a study to determine the in vivo dialysance of this drug and found it to average 22 ml per minute. The quantity of the drug removed by four hours of dialysis was approximately 30% of the dose administered intravenously one half hour before dialysis. Accordingly, considerable amounts of the drug are removed by dialysis, despite its high intraerythrocytic distribution and plasma protein binding properties. Therefore, hemodialysis may be effective in the management of acetazolamide overdose, particularly when complicated by the presence of renal failure. The dialysance can vary under different dialyzing conditions. An acetazolamide/urea nitrogen extraction ratio of 0.16 established in this study can be used to predict the acetazolamide dialysance in various dialyzing conditions. PMID- 7367927 TI - Prognostic value of a prepartum and intrapartum risk-scoring method. AB - A simple prepartum and intrapartum scoring technic for the identification of high risk patients was applied to 1,224 patients managed at the Charleston Area Medical Center, Memorial Division. The patients were classified as being at low, moderate, or high risk, according to the total risk score. Perinatal mortality worsened as the risk category increased. Seventy percent of all perinatal deaths occurred in 25% of patients who were identified as moderate- and high-risk patients. The simple one-page scoring form that we used seems to be practical and effective in identifying patients at risk. Such information can be very useful in providing appropriate levels of obstetric care. PMID- 7367926 TI - Internists' perceptions and performance in office practice. AB - Thirty-one internists in private practice chose items of care that they considered essential and likely to be recorded in the evaluation and management of diabetics, hypertensives, women with symptoms of dysuria or frequency, and patients requesting a general examination. Records of patients with these conditions, in those practices, were reviewed to determine which items of care were routinely performed and recorded. Overall, physical examination and laboratory evaluation items were more likely both to be considered essential and to be recorded than were history questions or management instructions. The lists of cure criteria and frequently performed components of the care process are presented for use by other peer review groups and for the interest of other practicing internists. PMID- 7367928 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography using the Chiba needle: comparison with retrograde pancreatocholecystography. AB - We have reviewed 103 consecutive percutaneous transhepatic cholangiograms (PTC). Although 70% of these examinations were performed by inexperienced radiologists, the success rate for entering bile ducts (overall 87.4%; in obstruction 98.5%; in nonobstructed cases 65.7%) and the complication rate (12.6%) is similar to that reported in large series by experienced workers. While examiner expertise therefore apparently has little or no influence on the success rate of PTC, the reverse is true for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Here the success rate is directly proportional and the complication rate inversely proportional to examiner experience. Since PTC is easier to perform and is more accurate and much less time-consuming and costly than ERCP, it should be the method of choice in the differentiation of obstructive and parenchymal jaundice. PMID- 7367930 TI - Prophylaxis against acute stress erosions. AB - Acute gastroduodenal erosions and ulcerations, often with life-threatening gastrointestinal hemorrhage, contribute to high mortality in critically ill patients. Hypersecretion of gastric acid to some degree seems to be necessary. Antacids and recently cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, have been used for prophylaxis against bleeding from these acute "stress" erosions. Review of studies regarding such prophylaxis suggests that either agent may be effective, but massive life-threatening gastrointestinal hemorrhage has not been decreased by this therapy, and, more important, there has not been an increased survival in treated patients. Furthermore, cimetidine is not approved for such use by the FDA. Currently, in critically ill patients there are multiple risk factors for acute "stress" erosions. An intensive antacid regimen may be impractical. Alternatively, cimetidine may be given as an investigational drug. Further studies are needed on the efficacy of antacids and cimetidine in preventing acute "stress" erosion and bleeding, but such studies should be prospective, controlled, double-blind, stratified, and randomized to produce the most useful data. PMID- 7367931 TI - Isolation and evaluation of clostridia from clinical sources. AB - During a two-year period, 133 isolates of clostridia from clinical courses were obtained. These isolates are reviewed as to clinical significance and antimicrobial susceptibility. Adequate charts were available on 63 patients, nine (14%) of whom had their clinical source significantly altered by the presence of clostridia. Clostridia of little or no clinical significance were isolated from blood cultures from six patients. The occurrence of clostridial infections is unpredictable, and adequate clinical information is necessary to determine the need for identification of clostridial isolates. PMID- 7367932 TI - Prevalence of clinical gallbladder disease in Mexican-American, Anglo, and black women. AB - Clinical observations have suggested that gallstones are increased in frequency in Mexican-Americans compared to other ethnic groups. Past autopsy surveys have demonstrated a low prevalence in blacks compared to whites. We retrospectively reviewed 1,018 charts to study the prevalence of cholelithiasis in ambulatory women of these three racial/ethnic backgrounds. Mexican-American women were found to have a prevalence of gallbladder disease approximately three times that of black women, with Anglo prevalences falling in an intermediate range. The prevalence of cholelithiasis was also positively associated with increasing age and diabetes, but not with serum cholesterol, use of oral contraceptives or conjugated estrogens, parity, hypertension, menstrual status, or smoking. An association with obesity was shown but could not be shown to be independent of other risk factors. PMID- 7367933 TI - Oculoplethysmography in diagnosing obstruction of the superior vena cava. AB - Preoperative evaluation of a patient with symptomatic obstruction of the superior vena cava secondary to sclerosing mediastinitis demonstrated abnormal plethysmographic findings in the central venous and carotid systems. Arteriography confirmed diminished blood flow to the arms and cerebral vessels. Following in continuity saphenous vein conduits to the jugular system, he improved symptomatically and postoperative oculoplethysmography showed a return to normal of his pulse wave form and absent pulse delay in the venous and arterial systems. PMID- 7367935 TI - Midtrimester dilatation and evacuation abortion. AB - At a university referral hospital where midtrimester abortions are performed by prostaglandin F2 alpha instillation, interest in reports of lower morbidity with dilatation and evacuation (D&E) led to the development of a D&E technic for outpatient use at 13 to 16 weeks' gestation. Of the first 19 women offered this method instead of the standard hospitalization and prostaglandin instillation, all 19 accepted. The D&E technic for pregnancies greater than or equal to 15 weeks' gestation included overnight laminaria treatment, intracervical block using lidocaine with epinephrine, and Bierer forceps for extraction. There were no complications. This favorable initial experience indicates the need for evaluation of the comparative safety of midtrimester abortion by D&E versus instillation of prostaglandin F2 alpha. PMID- 7367936 TI - Surgical therapy for diffuse granulomatous colitis. AB - Of 16 patients with diffuse granulomatous colitis treated surgically, nine initially had total proctocolectomy and seven had abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis. There was no mortality in either group, and there was no anastomotic leak from ileorectal anastomosis. Disease recurred in 22% of patients after proctocolectomy and in 57% of patients with ileorectal anastomosis. A review of the literature on the surgical management of Crohn's colitis reveals a recurrence rate of 3% to 46% (average 20%) after proctocolectomy and a recurrence rate of 6.6% to 75% (average 46%) after ileorectal anastomosis. Colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis is the operation of choice for Crohn's colitis where feasible. PMID- 7367934 TI - Antibiotic-associated colitis: a persistent clinical problem. AB - Examination of this series of 19 patients with antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis revealed that most of the patients were given the antibiotics for trivial reasons. Many different antibiotics were identified as being related to the development of colitis. There were three deaths in this series; two of the 15 patients treated medically and one of the four treated surgically. The efficacy of all diagnostic procedures and medical therapies are discussed, and the role of surgery in treating patients with toxic state, sepsis, or perforation is presented. PMID- 7367937 TI - Aspiration after overdosage of sedative or hypnotic drugs. AB - We have reviewed the charts of 329 patients admitted to our hospital because of overdosage from sedative or hypnotic agents. Of this population 11.2% were believed to have aspirated. Included in this group were 13 patients who were observed to aspirate and 24 who were suspected of aspiration because of the appearance of radiographic infiltrates associated with compatible microbiologic studies. In the observed group, seven became febrile, four were hypotensive, eight had radiographic infiltrates, three had complications, and one died. In the group suspected of aspiration, 23 became febrile, ten became hypotensive, five had complications, and none died. We believe the low mortality from aspiration in this setting justifies caution in the use of steroids and antibiotics. PMID- 7367939 TI - Nonsurgical diagnosis of pancreatic mass. AB - Because of recent advances made in various diagnostic procedures, it has become easier to diagnose cancer of the head of the pancreas. Chronic pancreatitis, however, may show morphologic mass findings similar to pancreatic cancer. Twenty three patients with a pancreatic head "mass," identified through surgical exploration, have been reviewed retrospectively with regard to differential diagnosis by comparing the preoperative findings of duodenoscopy, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP), endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). Emphasizing the findings, value, and limitations of each procedure, we used simple morphologic criteria for our differential diagnosis. Duodenoscopic findings gave information for accurate diagnosis in 66%, ERP was correct in 50%, and ERC in 88%. PTC in 88%. PTC was helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis in 90%. This study clarifies some technical and practical aspects of these procedures. We believe duodenoscopy must be used more often for direct histologic study, cytology, and needle biopsy in addition to ductal visualization in a pancreatic head mass. PTC is recommended more strongly for use in establishing the correct diagnosis of a pancreatic head "mass." PMID- 7367938 TI - Follow-up of adolescents treated in a psychiatric hospital: measurement of outcome. AB - Treatment planning that is highly individualized and systematically improved must be based on careful assessments of the effectiveness of current technics. This report describes the long-term (three to eight years) outcome of psychiatric hospitalization for 120 severely disturbed adolescent patients as it is measured on three dimensions: peer and social functioning, relationship with parents, and educational and occupational functioning. The measurement scales and the follow up procedures are practical and easily used. PMID- 7367940 TI - Cytologic screening for gynecologic cancer. AB - In the past 30 years there has been no improvement in the five-year survival rate for endometrial carcinoma. Any change comparable to improved survival in cervical carcinoma will be accomplished only by similar detection of the early asymptomatic and precursor lesions of endometrial carcinoma. Reasons why the conventional Pap smear taken today has only a 25% to 50% screening accuracy for endometrial carcinoma are explained along with methods to improve these percentages. With our technic, endometrial aspiration cytology has the capabilities of screening for varying stages of endometrial hyperplasia that are considered precursors of endometrial carcinoma, as well as an 85% accuracy rate for screening detection of established endometrial carcinoma. These technics and methods, along with accompanying photographs and photomicrographs of representative cytologic and histologic specimens of varying representative lesions are shown. PMID- 7367941 TI - Pseudosarcoma of the tongue: light and electron microscopic observations. PMID- 7367944 TI - Silent malignant intrathoracic pheochromocytoma. PMID- 7367943 TI - Hyponatremia and rhabdomyolysis: a possible relationship. AB - A 40-year-old schizophrenic presenting with an acute toxic psychosis was found to be severely hyponatremic with a serum osmolality of 217 mOsm/kg. The patient was combative and required physical restraints. Shortly after admission the patient's serum transaminase level was elevated, and the next day the CPK value was 175,000 IU. In addition, his serum and urinary myoglobin levels were markedly raised. Shortly after rhabdomyolysis was diagnosed, the patient developed reversible acute renal failure presumably secondary to the myoglobinuria. This report examines the possibility that the severe hyponatremia and hypoosmolality caused his skeletal muscles to become potassium depleted, leading to rhabdomyolysis during the stenuous exercise involved in his battling the restraints. PMID- 7367942 TI - Bronchiolitis obliterans from a burning automobile. PMID- 7367945 TI - Chronic Gambian trypanosomiasis. PMID- 7367946 TI - HbE-beta-thalassemia associated with G6PD deficiency. AB - HbE, beta thalassemia, and G6PD deficiency were demonstrated in a 6-year-old Mexican-American child with anemia, jaundice, and delayed growth. The father was heterozygous for HbE, and the mother for beta-thalassemia and G6PD deficiency. The association of these three diseases should be included in the differential diagnosis of anemia in childhood, particularly after the recent influx of people form Southeast Asia into the United States. PMID- 7367947 TI - Effect of hemodialysis on hallucinations. AB - A patient with chronic schizophrenia had two hemodialyses and two sham dialyses in a single-blind design. There was no change in the patient's affect after either procedure, but her auditory hallucinations disappeared after both hemodialysis and sham dialysis, with hemodialysis inducing a much longer partial remission. PMID- 7367948 TI - Submucous lipoma simulating carcinoma of the colon. AB - A 43-year-old white man who presented for evaluation of hematochezia was found to have an abdominal mass in the proximal descending colon, suggestive of carcinoma on barium enema and at colonoscopy. Surgery revealed a submucous lipoma. We report the case to show that submucous lipomas may be mistaken for carcinoma of the colon. PMID- 7367949 TI - Unilateral bronchial occlusion in a patient with sarcoidosis and a bronchial anomaly. AB - A patient with anomalous bronchial branching presented with marked stenosis and obstruction of the right mainstem bronchus due to sarcoidosis. Bronchoscopic and radiographic studies showed the right mainstem bronchus to be extensively involved with granulomatous inflammation, producing concentric cylindrical narrowing. Complete recovery occurred after one year of corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 7367950 TI - Appendicovesical fistula presenting as Klebsiella urosepsis. AB - Appendicovesical fistula is an uncommon condition usually occurring in boys and young men and associated with chronic urinary tract infection. Diagnosis is based on cystoscopic findings that may be confirmed by a retrograde study. Treatment by appendectomy is usually successful. PMID- 7367951 TI - Erosion of pacemaker lead. AB - This paper describes the course of a patient who had delayed breakdown of the implantation site of a permanently placed pacemaker electrode. Transvenously placed endocardial electrodes have a lower incidence of morbidity and mortality, but skin erosions and secondary infection of the electrode tracts occur in both types. Once skin erosion is suspected, it is better to resituate the pacemaker as early as possible, since any delay may invite septicemia. PMID- 7367953 TI - Extraordinary eosinophilia and Sezary syndrome. PMID- 7367952 TI - Long-term penicillamine therapy for Wilson's disease. PMID- 7367955 TI - New preformed catheter configuration for transaxillary selective cerebral angiography. PMID- 7367954 TI - Successful treatment of empyema with thoracocenteses and intrapleural antibiotics. AB - Daily thoracocentesis and treatment with an appropriate antibiotic instilled into the pleural space, continued until the returns are clear, may still have a significant role in the treatment of empyema, thereby avoiding the discomforts and disadvantages of chest tube insertion. PMID- 7367956 TI - Chronic abdominal pain caused by circumcaval ureter. PMID- 7367958 TI - [Organization of specialized obstetric and gynecological care in outpatient polyclinics]. PMID- 7367957 TI - Retrograde Wenckebach phenomenon induced by right ventricular pacing. AB - Retrograde Wenckebach phenomenon, occurring between the paced ventricles and the atria, developed in a patient with acute anterior myocardial infarction and ventricular dysfunction. This report has summarized previous investigations on ventriculoatrial conduction and their application to this case. With paced ventricular beats, VA conduction may occur but VA conduction time is longer than AV conduction time at similar heart rates. Progressive degrees of VA block develop at the AV node as the heart rate speeds. VA conduction may occur in the presence of complete AV block. Concealed VA conduction to the AV node supresses AV conduction. PMID- 7367959 TI - [Instruction and training of medical personnel in geriatrics]. PMID- 7367960 TI - [Methodological problems of studying the work time expenditures of medical personnel using computers]. PMID- 7367961 TI - [People's deputies in the Permanent Public Health Commission]. PMID- 7367962 TI - [Improved methods of organizing the independent work of students in the clinical departments of a physician postgraduate training institute]. PMID- 7367963 TI - [Drug disease in cardiology]. PMID- 7367964 TI - [Gastroduodenoscopy in the diagnosis of stomach and duodenal diseases in children]. PMID- 7367966 TI - [Retrospective assessment of polychemotherapy of lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 7367965 TI - [Erythrocytosis in hypernephroid cancer of the kidney]. PMID- 7367967 TI - [Total pancreatectomy in pseudotumorous pancreatitis]. PMID- 7367968 TI - [Tracheobronchial amyloidosis]. PMID- 7367969 TI - [Course of pregnancy in Opisthorchis infestation]. PMID- 7367970 TI - [State of the gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis (based on gastroscopy and biopsy data)]. PMID- 7367971 TI - [Hemoglobinopathies in Dagestan]. PMID- 7367972 TI - [Replacement of the extensive defects after resection of the long tubular bones in tumors]. PMID- 7367974 TI - [Chemotherapy effectiveness in lung cancer]. PMID- 7367973 TI - [Transosseous distraction osteosynthesis in fractures of the radius]. PMID- 7367975 TI - [Express method of determining the toxic properties of blood and lymph using paramecia in exo- and endotoxicoses]. PMID- 7367977 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of the edematous form of fetal hemolytic disease]. PMID- 7367976 TI - [New approach to treating chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 7367978 TI - [BCG vaccine prophylaxis of tuberculosis and nonspecific respiratory organ diseases in adults]. PMID- 7367980 TI - [Basis for and the results of a transverse resection of the stomach with preservation of the pyloric sphincter]. PMID- 7367979 TI - [Differential diagnosis of botulism]. PMID- 7367981 TI - [Course of pregnancy and labor in female construction workers on the central portion of the Baikal-Amur mainline]. PMID- 7367982 TI - [Evaluation of the successfulness of prophylactic medical examinations]. PMID- 7367983 TI - [Ways for the early diagnosis of cancer and the reasons for its neglect]. PMID- 7367985 TI - [Antiviral therapy]. PMID- 7367984 TI - [Surgical treatment of indurative and ulcerative forms of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7367986 TI - The doctor and the social worker. PMID- 7367988 TI - [Tariff adjustments and the cost of X-ray films]. PMID- 7367989 TI - Industrial health. PMID- 7367990 TI - The tripartite system in mental health services. PMID- 7367987 TI - [The quality of medical services]. PMID- 7367992 TI - Medical trade unions. PMID- 7367991 TI - Hydatid disease of the liver. PMID- 7367993 TI - A clinical assessment of stillborn infants. AB - One hundred and fifty stillborn infants delivered at Groote Schuur Hospital were clinically examined at birth to try to establish the probable cause of death. In 84,7% a likely explanation for the stillbirth was identified, with abruptio placentae, gross amniotic fluid infection and severe congenital abnormality the commonest diagnoses. Sex, birth weight, gestational age and degrees of maceration were also documented. These data provide a better understanding of the causes of stillbirth in Cape Town and will help in the rational planning of antenatal care aimed at reducing the perinatal mortality rate. It is recommended that clinical examination of all stillborn infants and their placentas be carried out at birth, especially if an autopsy is not performed. PMID- 7367995 TI - The infertile couple: Part I. Schedule of management. AB - The regimen for the management of couples who complain of infertility is presented as it is practised at Tygerberg Hospital. The doctor-patient relationship, the importance of the patient's comprehansion of the specific treatment regimen and why it should be adhered to are stressed. Special investigations are discussed and certain pitfalls in the management of infertile couples are pointed out. Controversy still exists with regard to many aspects of the management. Decisions about when to start with infertility investigations, whom the couple should consult, whether they should be examined as a couple or separately, and how long they should receive treatment are dealth with. PMID- 7367994 TI - Racial differences in oestrogen receptor and peroxidase status of human breast cancer tissue. AB - Cytoplasmic oestradiol receptors and peroxidase from 170 tumours from patients with breast cancer were assayed. The results were analysed in terms of racial groups and menopausal status. It was found that 68% of the receptor-positive tumours were peroxidase-positive, while 59% of the receptor-negative tumours were peroxidase-positive. When results were analysed in terms of racial groups 68% of tumours from White patients were peroxidase-positive and receptor-positive, while only 48% of receptor-negative tumours in this group were peroxidase-positive. This contrasts with the finding of 57% receptor-positive/peroxidase-positive tumours as opposed to 70% receptor-negative/peroxidase-positive tumours in Black patients. PMID- 7367996 TI - A case of dyspepsia and diarrhoea. PMID- 7367997 TI - The effect of delta-aminolevulinic acid on the synthesis and metabolism of GABA in rabbit brain homogenates. AB - The porphyrin precursor delta-aminolevulinic acid (delta-ALA) is a structural analogue of the putative amino acid neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This study has demonstrated that delta-ALA has no effect on glutamate decarboxylase activity and only a small inhibitory effect of GABA aminotransferase activity. This would suggest that if accumulation of delta-ALA is related to development of the acute attack of porphyria, it is not via an effect on GABA synthesis and metabolism. PMID- 7367998 TI - Family practice as a part of undergraduate medical training in South Africa. AB - Undergraduate tiution in family practice was fully instituted for the first time in South Africa at the University of Pretoria in 1977. Students in the 2nd-5th years of study are taught the various aspects of family medicine and practice management by means of formal lectures and practical clinical work. The treachers are all general practitioners, most of whom hold a higher degree in family practice. In addition, each student spends at least 1 week with a practitioner in general practice. In Pretoria the outpatient and casualty departments of the two teaching hospitals are run by the Department of Family Practice. Large numbers of patients who would not be seen in the wards are thus made available for teaching purposes, and the standard of service to patients is improved. Until recently, medical teaching was confined to the various specialities and only patients admitted to teaching hospitals were available for teaching purposes. As less than 1% of persons reporting sick are admitted to hospital inpatients are not representative of the disease profile seen in general practice. Undergraduate medical training in family practice could be further improved by more participation in the teaching programme by experienced general practitioners in active practice. PMID- 7367999 TI - Clinical anatomy of the umbilicus. AB - The diagnostic value of the appearance of the umbilicus in a wide range of conditions is discussed. Umbilical sepsis, tumours, fistulas, developmental anomalies and hernias are described, and the embryology of related structures is outlined. PMID- 7368001 TI - [The quality of medical services]. PMID- 7368000 TI - [Perioral dermatitis]. PMID- 7368002 TI - Congenital goitre. PMID- 7368003 TI - Metrizamide for myelography. PMID- 7368005 TI - Dietary goals, sensible eating and nutrition in the future. PMID- 7368004 TI - [Metrizamide for myelography]. PMID- 7368006 TI - Medical services and the doctor/patient ratio. PMID- 7368007 TI - Attempted suicide by hammering a nail into the brain. PMID- 7368008 TI - Very low doses of radio-iodine for hyperthyroidism. Failure to prevent a high incidence of early hypothyroidism. AB - One hundred and fifty-one patients with hyperthyroidism were treated with varying doses of radio-iodine (131I), and the results were analysed 1 year later. Of the patients with Graves' disease who received the lowest 131I doses (mean 2,8 mCi) 39% had persistent thyrotoxicosis and 25% were hypothyroid 12 months after therapy. Moderate doses of 131I (mean 5,9 mCi) reduced the rate of persistent disease to 19% and increased the rate of hypothyroidism by only 4% (P less than 0,05). When 131I dosages were calculated according to thyroid weight (microCi/g), patients who received the lowest doses (mean 115 microCi/g) again had significant rates of both persistent hyperthyroidism (38%) and hypothyroidism (24%). These data indicate that very low doses of 131I in the treatment of Graves's disease may result in a high incidence of persistent disease, but do not necessarily result in a very low incidence of early hypothyroidism. Low-dose 131I regimens are unsuitable for treatment of thyrotoxicosis unless very good facilities for patient follow-up are available. PMID- 7368009 TI - Diabetes mellitus in black and coloured tuberculosis patients. AB - Four hundred and thirty-six Black and Coloured patients with tuberculosis were examined for diabetes mellitus, which was found in 2,1%. In this series 29% of diabetics with tuberculosis had lower lung field involvement only, while the prevalence of isolated lower lung field tuberculosis among the non-diabetics was only 4,5%. It was therefore concluded that diabetes mellitus should be looked for in patients with isolated lower lung field tuberculosis. PMID- 7368010 TI - Health care of the elderly at Tygerberg Geriatric Clinic and Goodwood Aftercare Hospital. AB - Comprehensive geriatric care should receive nation-wide attention in order to realize its objectives. An analysis of patient problems at the Geriatirc Clinic, Tygerberg Hospital and Goodwood Aftercare Hospital is presented. The training of personnel, with full motivation of the community, to render health services to the aged is discussed. PMID- 7368011 TI - A radio-immunoassay of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. AB - A method is described for the determination of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 OHP) in plasma. Antisera were raised in rabbits against 11-deoxycortisol-21 hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin (11-DOC-21-HS-BSA) and 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone-3-carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin (17-OHP-3-CMO-BSA). An antiserum to 11-DOC-21-HS-BSA exhibited cross-reaction with progesterone (29%), 11-deoxycortisol (100%), cortisol (17%) and testosterone (10%) and was therefore not appropriate for quantitation of 17-OHP in plasma. An antiserum to 17-OHP-3-CMO-BSA cross-reacted with progesterone (9,7%), 11-deoxycortisol (50%) and less than 1% with all other major naturally occurring steroid hormones. A radio-immunoassay (RIA) was developed using the antiserum to 17-OHP-4-CMO-BSA. The intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation were 7,2% and 10,5% respectively. The normal ranges (nmol/l plasma) of samples extracted with hexane:benzene (1:1) and purified by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography were 0,28-4,7 for men, 0,84-3,0 for women (follicular phase), 3,0-11,0 for women (luteal phase), 4,6-22,1 for pregnant women, 18,5-123,9 for cord blood, 0,12-5,0 for children and 56,3-1 032 for persons with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to a 21-hydroxylation enzyme defect. Sephadex LH-20 purification of plasma extracts could be omitted when using the RIA as a screening procedure for CAH due to a 21-hydroxylation enzyme defect. PMID- 7368012 TI - Maternal post-delivery weight in the assessment of obesity. AB - Maternal weight recorded on the day after delivery correlated significantly with maternal skinfold thickness measured at multiple sites. Skinfold thickness probably reflects total body fat stores. It is suggested that the relationship between maternal weight and fetal birth weight may be mediated by the amount of maternal fat available to meet the energy requirements of the growing fetus. PMID- 7368014 TI - [Travellers' diarrhea]. PMID- 7368013 TI - Boomslang (Dispholidus typus) bite. A case report and a review of diagnosis and management. AB - Very few cases of boomslang (Dispholidus typus) envenomation have been described. A case report is presented, illustrating many pitfalls in diagnosis and treatment. Despite a fully established clinical picture of diffuse intravascular clotting (DIC), response to specific boomsland antivenom was immediate, even as late as 86 hours after the bite. Some of the literature regarding the snake, the clinico-pathological effects of the venom, and treatment is reviewed and discussed. Administration of specific antivenom is the only curative measure, while administration of fresh blood and plasma appears to be the most useful supportive measure. Other measures, including the controversial use of heparin and corticosteroids, are discussed. Reactions to the antivenom, both early and late, are discussed, and methods of prevention and control of reactions are suggested. PMID- 7368016 TI - The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 7368015 TI - Good and bad cholesterol. PMID- 7368017 TI - Ultrasound in breast disease. PMID- 7368018 TI - Blood alcohol levels. PMID- 7368019 TI - Physical and dissolution characteristics and bio-availability of five brands of digoxin tablets. AB - Five brands of digoxin were investigated and compared for physical and dissolution characteristics and bio-availability. The dissolution characteristics, which are regarded as a measure of bio-availability in the case of digoxin, were investigated with a spectrofluorimeter. Significant differences were found among the five brands. Only one brand met all the various criteria that were investigated. PMID- 7368020 TI - Comparative study of plasma lipids, carbohydrate tolerance and coronary angiography in three racial groups. AB - Coronary artery disease (CAD) was investigated by selective coronary cine angiography in 94 White, 59 Indian and 17 Black patients, and correlated with plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels and glucose tolerance. CAD was found in 94%, 97% and 82%, and hypercholesterolaemia in 68%, 61% and 50% of the Whites, Indians and Blacks respectively. In the White group, cholesterol levels correlated with both frequency and severity of CAD. Hypertriglyceridaemia occurred in 44% of the White, 47% of the Indian, and 23% of the Black group, but did not correlate with the extent of CAD in any. Diabetes was detected in 56% of the Whites and 47% of the Indians, but was absent in all the Blacks tested. Hypercholesterolaemia appeared to be the only risk factor common to all racial groups. PMID- 7368021 TI - Myxomatous degeneration of the heart valves in blacks. AB - Ten cases of myxomatous degeneration of the heart valves in Black subjects are described. The striking features, compared with other series, were the comparative youth of the patients and the predominance of aortic valve involvement. There was also a significant percentage of control subjects with excess mucopolysaccharides in the heart valves or aorta. These pathological findings confirm clinical observations previously made by other workers. PMID- 7368024 TI - True gestational epilepsy. A case report. AB - A patient is reported who experienced epileptic seizures during two successive pregnancies and who was free of seizures after delivery. The occurrence of epileptic seizures during pregnancy is discussed, and the possible causes are briefly reviewed. PMID- 7368023 TI - Multicore disease. AB - Two additional cases of multicore disease are presented, the main reason being the rarity of presentation in adults. It would appear that when this disease occurs in adults the prognosis is not as benign as when it occurs in infancy. We were able to confirm that the serum enzyme levels are normal in this disease and that the condition is best shown up with oxidative enzyme staining. There is a gradual disappearance of the type 1 motor neurons so that, by adulthood, the number of type 2 fibres is extremely few. In this respect the disease bears a similarity to central core disease and nemaline rod disease. PMID- 7368022 TI - A demographic and socio-economic profile of a rural black South African community. AB - Demographic data regarding households in a Black rural community in the Eastern Transvaal were collected. Detailed socio-economic and health data were collected from a 10% random sample of households (response rate 92,5%). These data will be used for planning and evaluating a community health project. An extremely high infant mortality rate (198,1/1 000 live births), very low household incomes (median monetary household income R20 - R50 per month), low rates of immunization (39,4% of children under 12 years old had not been immunized), and gaps between the knowledge and practice of and the expressed desire for family planning were striking features. PMID- 7368025 TI - Disulfiram psychosis. A case report. AB - Disulfiram (Antabuse) is used extensively in the management of alcoholism and, although mild psychiatric symptoms are quite common side-effects of treatment with this drug, psychotic reactions rarely occur. With the high doses of disulfiram used in earlier days, the incidence of 'psychosis' was estimated at 2 20%. A more recent review suggests that the incidence is far lower and that the 'psychosis' described in many cases consisted of mild psychiatric disturbances, such as anxiety and sedation, as well as a more florid psychosis or an organic brain syndrome. Of the 52 cases reported in the English-language literature, only 9 reflect psychotic reactions to disulfiram, the remainder being schizophrenic or developing a picture of organic brain syndrome. We report a case because of its implications. PMID- 7368026 TI - Meningitis caused by a psoas abscess. A case report. AB - An unusual case of a retroperitoneal abscess in a young woman, followed by an extremely rare complication, meningitis, and resulting in death is reported. The need for early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment is emphasized. If this is carried out full recovery can be expected. PMID- 7368028 TI - Medicine in the marketplace. PMID- 7368027 TI - Curiosa paediatrica. III: Hemisternum. AB - Paediatricians know of the condition of pectus excavatum in the growing child and may be acquainted with other anomalies of the sternum, such as forked and perforate xiphisterna and perforations higher up the sternum. The sternal malformation depicted in this case report, although not unusual in appearance, has a most rare origin. PMID- 7368029 TI - [Prophylaxis of stress ulceration]. PMID- 7368031 TI - Successful transluminal recanalization in the legs. PMID- 7368030 TI - Golf philately. PMID- 7368034 TI - Tuberculosis case-finding procedures. PMID- 7368033 TI - Bowel disease in rural blacks. PMID- 7368032 TI - Diagnosis of pituitary micro-adenomas by computed tomography. PMID- 7368035 TI - Repeated transhepatic obliteration of gastro-oesophageal varices. AB - Two patients with life-threatening bleeding from gastro-oesophageal varices were treated by transhepatic obliteration of the varices. The procedure was repeated in both patients on several occasions and the bleeding successfully controlled. The procedure is reviewed and the advantages, pitfalls and limitations are discussed. PMID- 7368036 TI - Psychosocial aspects of cardiac pacing. AB - The psychosocial effects of pacemaker implantation were analysed in 96 randomly selected patients receiving their first pacemaker at the Johannesburg General Hospital from August 1976 to December 1977. Premorbid personality together with emotional acceptance of the pacemaker was assessed by a social worker at interviews before implantation and 3 months and 1 year after implantation. Depression was measured by the Hamilton rating scale, and a psychosocial history was taken from each patient. The nature and severity of symptoms and associated diseases were assessed medically. Pacemaker implantation restores most patients to occupational, social, emotional and physical usefulness. The degree of relief of symptoms played an important part in rehabilitation. Inadequate adjustment and rehabilitation may occur in the presence of additional disease, unrealistic patient expectations, an inadequate, depressive personality type, poor doctor patient communication, or in patients who have experienced symptoms for less than 1 month before the implantation. Adequate pre-operative preparation by a team of social workers and doctors together with public education and the provision of postoperative psychosocial support for the inadequate, depressive personality type and for patients suffering from additional disease is likely to enhance rehabilitation greatly. PMID- 7368037 TI - The value of computed tomography in tuberous sclerosis. AB - The computed tomography (CT) findings in 5 patients with tuberous sclerosis are presented. CT is recommended as a rapid, non-invasive, easily repeated investigative procedure for patients with clinically suspected tuberous sclerosis and epilepsy of unknown origin. PMID- 7368038 TI - Some reactions to illness of urban black and indian families in Durban. A summary of an exploratory study. AB - During an exploratory study into the health practices and beliefs of samples of Black and Indian households in Durban, housewives reported that in their households extensive use was made of Western medical facilities and practitioners. Religious and traditional belief systems and practices relating to illness were probably under-reported, but clearly form important elements in the behaviour of both groups. PMID- 7368039 TI - Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. A case report. AB - A case of sinus histiocytosis is reported. This apparently rare disease was first described in 1969. The patient presented with a large, painless, bilateral cervical adenopathy which regressed completely over a 16-month period. Histological examination of a lymph node specimen showed sinuses distended with foamy histiocytes. Intervening lymphoid tissue showed a tremendous increase in plasma cells which distorted the normal architecture of the lymph node. The importance of accurate pathological diagnosis is again noted. PMID- 7368040 TI - Fatty acids of dermatophytes. AB - The cellular fatty acids (C11-C20) from 18 species and strains within the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton were determined by gas liquid chromatography. In addition, the effects of incubation time and temperature on fatty acid composition were investigated in selected species. The dermatophytes investigated represented anthropophilic, geophilic, and zoophilic species. Linoleic (18:2), oleic (18:1), and palmitic acid (16:0), accounted for 83.6-94.5% of the fatty acids of dermatophytes. Fatty acid composition and degree of unsaturation did not show any correlations with taxonomic status or ecological group. Incubation time influenced fatty acid composition slightly, but tendencies towards unsaturation and chain elongation were not observed. Elevated incubation temperature (37 degrees C) tended to increase the degree of total fatty acid unsaturation. PMID- 7368041 TI - Cutaneous infection by Syncephalastrum. AB - Cutaneous infection of the thumb by a Syncephalastrum sp. is described in an adult male suffering from diabetic ketosis. The fungus was isolated from the skin and was found to produce arteritis in the dermal vessels. The patient died of diabetes mellitus without any associated systemic mycosis. Syncephalastrum in this case had occurred as an opportunistic infection. PMID- 7368042 TI - In vivo muscle damage during Candida infection. AB - The concentration of the muscle enzyme creatine phosphokinase increased in the sera of mice during acute, systemic infection with Candida albicans. Elevated serum enzyme levels were first detected 6 h after challenge with C. albicans and continued to rise during the next 6 h as animals became moribund. A linear relationship was demonstrated between the serum creatine phosphokinase concentration and the dose of C. albicans injected. In vivo muscle damage was produced by virulent isolates of C. albicans, C. stellatoidea, and C. tropicalis. Tissue injury was mediated through the elaboration of a factor by metabolically active C. albicans and was restricted to those sites in which high concentrations of organisms were present. PMID- 7368043 TI - Balanced growth and morphogenesis of Histoplasma capsulatum in a defined synthetic medium. AB - We have characterized balanced growth of yeast and hyphal cells of Histoplasma capsulatum and cells during transition from yeast to hyphae in a newly developed synthetic medium, R3B3. Homogeneous populations of yeast at 37 degrees C and hyphae at 25 degrees C grew in this medium with generation times of 10h and 19h, respectively. The growth rates were exponential, as demonstrated by the kinetics of net increase in dry weight. Identical rates of net increase were observed for ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein, indicating conditions which approached steady state growth. In addition, this defined medium facilitated incorporation of radioactive precursors into RNA and protein and thus will allow for future detailed studies of macromolecular synthesis. When the incubation temperature of growing yeast cells was switched from 37 degrees C to 25 degrees C, the growth rate decreased as indicated in the generation time (19 h). Although the kinetic rates of RNA and protein synthesis also decreased, these rates were slightly faster relative to that observed for the increase in dry weight. During the later stage(s) of the yeast to hyphae transition a marked increase and subsequent decrease was observed for both RNA and protein. After this period of time, the synthesis of RNA and protein proceeded at the steady state rates usually observed in hyphal cultures. PMID- 7368044 TI - Cutaneous and renal geotrichosis in a giant tortoise (Geochelone elephantopus). AB - A case of cutaneous and renal geotrichosis in a giant tortoise, Geochelone elephantopus, at the Zoological Park of Barcelona is reported. Fungal hyphae and spores were seen in skin and kidney. Culture of these tissues yielded Geotrichum candidum. This fungus was isolated from the faeces of 5 other giant tortoises that were housed with the dead animal and from specimens of corn hydroponic culture which is part of their diet. Arthrospore suspensions of the 2 strains isolated from the dead animal's skin and kidney were experimentally inoculated into mice and turtles (Testudo horsfiedi) in order to determine the pathogenicity of G. candidum for animal tissues. Our results confirm its low pathogenicity. PMID- 7368045 TI - Isolation and characterization of 5-fluorouracil-resistant mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells deficient in the activities of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase. AB - A rapid, simple method for isolation of large numbers of Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO-K1) mutants deficient in the final two enzymes of UMP biosynthesis, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.10), and OMP decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.23) is described. The method takes advantage of the fact that CHO-K1 cells require orotate phosphoribosyltransferase to activate the pyrimidine analog 5 fluorouracil to its active form; hence, mutants lacking thhe relevance of these observations to the metabolism of this cancer chemotheraputic agent, to the study of the structure of the protein(s) involved in catalyzing the last two steps of UMP biosynthesis, to the study of the structure of the gene(s) coding for this protein, and to analysis of the human genetic disease orotic aciduria is discussed. PMID- 7368046 TI - Analysis of steroid resistance in lymphoid cell hybrids. AB - In an attempt to obtain a more detailed understanding of the action of the glucocorticoid-receptor complex in mouse lymphoid cell lines, steroid sensitivity has been investigated in hybrids. Hybrids between dexamethasone (dex)-sensitive and dexamethasone-resistant (Dexr) variants, and hybrids between different Dexr variants were investigated. In the case of Dexr x Dexs hybrids, the possibility of negative complementation was tested; in the case of Dexr x Dexr hybrids, positive complementation was investigated. Neither positive nor negative complementation could be detected; dex sensitivity was always dominant over dex resistance. However, hybrids which contain positive receptor allele(s) segregated out Dexr clones at higher frequencies than expected from studies of pseudodiploid cell lines. This study suggests that different mechanisms give rise to the dex resistant phenotype in pseudodiploid lymphoid cell lines and in pseudotetraploid hybrids of these cell lines. PMID- 7368047 TI - Genetic analysis of tumorigenesis: V. Chromosomal analysis of tumorigenic and nontumorigenic diploid chinese hamster cell lines. AB - The chromosomal constitution of four established diploid Chinese hamster embryo fibroblast (CHEF) cell lines is described. CHEF/18 exhibits anchorage-dependent growth and is not tumorigenic in nude mice. CHEF/16 has a high plating efficiency in methylcellulose and is highly tumorigenic in nude mice. Both CHEF/8 and CHEF/16 have a normal Giemsa banding pattern and constitutive heterochromatin distribution characteristic of normal diploid Chinese hamster cells and exhibit relatively little chromosomal variation within their cell populations. These results suggest that the nuclear changes responsible for tumorigenicity of CHEF/16 involve alterations below the level detectable by Giemsa banding analysis. Chromosome rearrangements were detected in two other CHEF cell lines; CHEF/205-30, a diploid, thioguanine-resistant derivative of CHEF/18, and CHEF/204 Bu 50, a diploid, 5-bromodeoxyuridine-resistant derivative of CHEF/16, which are being used as genetic markers in intraspecific somatic cell hybrids. PMID- 7368048 TI - Burn injury in infants and young children. AB - Scalding, most often self-precipitated, is the most common cause of burn injuries in children. Flame burns are much less common but are more severe and have a higher mortality than do scalds. Most burns in this age group are small, but affect areas functionally and cosmetically sensitive to burn injury. Abused infants and toddlers have a much higher mortality than do unabused children. Younger children have a higher mortality after serious burns than do older children. Common infections include otitis media, viral gastroenteritis and viral infections of the upper part of the respiratory tract, many of which are established prior to injury. Hyperthermia and leukocytosis are common and may be misleading as indicators of infection. Fluid needs are greater than predicted by the Parkland formula. Hypertension is uncommon and resolves spontaneously. PMID- 7368049 TI - The incidence of shunt occlusion following portosystemic decompression. AB - The English literature on portosystemic decompression procedures was reviewed for an 11 year period and is available upon request to the authors. Information on 1,586 end-to-side portacaval shunts, 308 side-to-side portacaval shunts, 550 standard splenorenal shunts, 436 interposition shunts, 319 distal splenorenal shunts and 136 direct mesocaval shunts was obtained. Operative mortality ranged from a low of 6 per cent in patients undergoing a direct mesocaval shunt to a high of 29 per cent among patients undergoing a side-to-side portacaval shunt. The incidence of portosystemic encephalopathy ranged from a low of 2 per cent for direct mesocaval shunts to a high of 36 per cent for side-to-side portacaval shunts. The occlusion rate was 18 per cent for the standard splenorenal shunt, 10 per cent for the distal splenorenal and interposition shunts, 7 per cent for the direct mesocaval and the end-to-side portacaval shunts and 2 per cent for the side-to-side portacaval shunt. PMID- 7368050 TI - Endoscopic sphincterotomy and removal of gallstones. AB - Endoscopic sphincterotomy was attempted in 23 patients. The procedure was successful in 22 patients. Sphincterotomy was not successful in one patient due to the technical inability selectively to cannulate the common bile duct. The indications for sphincterotomy were retained common duct stones after cholecystectomy in 12 patients, recurrent common duct stones after cholecystectomy in nine patients and common bile duct stones with the gallbladder intact in two patients who were prohibitive operative risks. Calculi were completely cleared in 17 of 23 patients at the time of discharge from the hospital following sphincterotomy and ultimately in 19 of 23. There were no complications in 21 of 22 sphincterotomies, although one older patient died of persistent septicemia. A second patient was symptomatically improved but had persistent calculi and died of cardiac causes five months after sphincterotomy. One patient was treated with chenodeoxycholic acid for persistent calculi in the common bile duct after sphincterotomy. Endoscopic sphincterotomy is an effective alternative to conventional surgical procedures for removal of stones of the common bile duct. PMID- 7368051 TI - Reconstruction of the biliary tract using biliary-duodenal interposition of a defunctionalized jejunal limb. AB - Interposition of a defunctionalized limb of jejunum between the confluence of the hepatic ducts and the duodenum seems to have some advantages. Biliary-jejunal anastomosis can be performed in a wider diameter, if necessary; duodenal function is kept almost normal, and the isolated segment of jejunum prevents the duodenojejunal reflux from getting to the biliary tract. The records of 19 patients upon whom hepatico-jejuno-duodenostomy was performed were reviewed. Seventeen patients had iatrogenic lesions and benign strictures of the common bile duct. Two patients had malignant tumors of the common bile duct. The postoperative follow-up period ranged from six months to five years. The average postoperative time was ten days. Two transient bile leaks were observed. Two patients had postoperative episodes of cholangitis. In both, the hepatico jejunostomy was narrow, and stones were found in the intrahepatic position. A new and wider cholangiojejunostomy was performed. All of the patients were investigated roentgenographically after contrast material was given orally. Only two of the patients were found to have an enteric-biliary reflux which partially filled the intrahepatic biliary branches, but this was only observed at the time the abdomen was compressed. PMID- 7368052 TI - A logical solution to the perforated ulcer controversy. AB - Until recently, the Graham patch was the undisputed method of management for a perforated duodenal ulcer. Results of our experience with 186 patients treated at Wayne State University Affiliated Hospitals from 1970 through 1978 dispute this concept and suggest that a definitive operation is the procedure of choice. One hundred and thirty-seven of the patients were treated with an omental patch, and 47 underwent a definitive operation; 114 of the patients were available for an 18 month follow-up study. It was found that previous ulcer symptoms were not an accurate predictor of the need for a subsequent definitive operation and that mortality was determined by the age and condition of the patient at the time of operation rather than by the choice of operation itself. It is recommended that the perforation itself is an indication for a definitive operation unless the patient is in a state of shock at the time of operation. Vagotomy and pyloroplasty have proved to be safe, reliable, definitive operations in this situation. PMID- 7368054 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis. AB - Retroperitoneal fibrosis may be classified as either primary or idiopathic, probably of autoimmune origin or secondary to a malignant process. Both classes are usually presented identically, and it is the responsibility of the physician to exclude a malignant process. The disease should be especially suspected in patients with signs and symptoms of irritation of the retroperitoneal space, such as pain in the lower part of the back or in the flank, a distribution of pain down the legs and, at times, a positive Patrick's sign. Gray scale ultrasonography and computerized axial tomography may now be used to help in the diagnosis of this entity and also in the follow-up management. Operation is recommended for diagnosis and correction of any ureteral impairment. Steroids may be an invaluable aid for the treatment of this disease. PMID- 7368053 TI - The value of lymphocyte transformation in carcinoma of the colon and rectum. PMID- 7368056 TI - Atherosclerotic coarctation of the abdominal aorta in women. AB - In the ten year interval from 1967 to 1976, in a group of 200 patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease, six were identified who presented a unique combination of physical findings, angiographic abnormalities and pathologic changes. Atherosclerotic coarctation describes this entity because of the discreteness of the lesion found, the extent to which the aorta is occluded and the presence of extensive collaterals. Pathologically, the lesion is an organized thrombus forming on a single ulcerated plaque in an aorta with a lumen that is otherwise well preserved. Distally, infantile vessels are found. Other features have been the absence of diabetes mellitus and the fact that all of these patients have been women. All but one patient smoked cigarettes. Local endarterectomy restored pedal pulses and provided lasting relief of symptoms in all of the patients. PMID- 7368055 TI - Total uterine prolapse causing hydroureteronephrosis. AB - Six women with advanced uterine prolapse underwent examination by drip infusion urography. A new hypothesis is proposed for the pathogenesis of bilateral hydroureteronephrosis: the ureters are entrapped by the hiatus genitalis, not against the bladder but against the fundus of the fully prolapsed uterus. Drip infusion urography should include an exposure area of about 15 centimeters below the pubis, and at least one exposure should be taken with the patient in the standing position. Thus, the hourglass appearance of the prolapsed bladder will not be overlooked and would be helpful in explaining the cause of the hydroureteronephrosis. PMID- 7368058 TI - Further clarification of the pathogenesis of pulmonary failure in humans [ editorial]. PMID- 7368059 TI - A technique for the placement of popliteal artery to saphenous vein prosthetic grafts for hemodialysis access. PMID- 7368057 TI - Clinicopathologic study of seventy patients with carcinoma of the biliary tract. PMID- 7368060 TI - Lateral incision for exposure of femoral vessels. AB - Although the incidence of femoral graft infection is low, the morbidity and mortality of this complication is significant. The routine interposition of the muscle between the skin incision and anastomosis has not been widely practiced. Our early experience with over 50 patients suggests that the lateral approach to femoral vessels provides excellent exposure of the common and profunda femoris arteries and improves soft tissue coverage of a vulnerable anastomosis. PMID- 7368061 TI - A simplified technique for performing a perineal urethrostomy. PMID- 7368062 TI - Variations on the precolostomy. AB - The precolostomy as previously described is now infrequently used since the performance of divided colostomy with exteriorization of both segments at separate sites is usually associated with a more functional colostomy. This precolostomy concept has potential variations which have not been previously emphasized. We have used one of these in a patient with a radiation induced rectosigmoid lesion. This variation and the others described for patients with inoperable carcinoma of the esophagus and stomach may provide improved palliation. PMID- 7368063 TI - Immune complexes associated with brain tumors: correlation with prognosis. AB - The presence of circulating immune complexes in the sera of 208 patients with intracranial space occupying lesions was assayed using the C1 q binding test. Twenty-eight percent of 96 high grade glioma patients had immune complexes as compared to 14% of 28 low grade glioma patients. The incidence of immune complexes was found to decrease in the first post-operative month. The presence of immune complexes correlated with shorter survival in a group of malignant glioma patients tested preoperatively. Nineteen patients without immune complexes had a mean survival of 8.6 months as compared to 13 patients with immune complexes who had a mean survival of 4.7 months. These results confirm similar observations in other types of malignancies. PMID- 7368064 TI - Cerebral revascularization by transverse cervical-common carotid artery anastomosis. AB - A surgical procedure to bypass occlusive lesions of the proximal common carotid or vertebral artery is described. The case of a patient with recurrent cerebral ischemic episodes associated with proximal left common carotid stenosis is reported. A left transverse cervical-common carotid artery anastomosis was performed. It is suggested that this simple procedure may be useful in selected cases. PMID- 7368065 TI - Local cerebral blood flow in the dog during intravenous infusion of dopamine. AB - Local cerebral blood flow was measured in anaesthetized beagle dogs by the hydrogen clearance method. Dopamine was administered as a continuous intravenous infusion of varying doses. The changes in local cerebral blood flow induced by dopamine were similar at the different locations; i.e., the caudate nucleus, thalamus, frontal and parietal cortex. Blood flow responded to dopamine in the following ways: low dose (less than 2 micrograms/kg/min): blood flow decreased or remained unchanged; moderate doses (2--6 micrograms/kg/min): blood flow increased at all electrodes; high doses (7--20 micrograms/kg/min): blood flow decreased once again. The decrease in blood flow could be inhibited by the alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist phentolamine or by the serotonin receptor antagonist methysergide. This indicates that the constrictor effect of dopamine on cerebral blood vessels is mediated via alpha-adrenergic receptors as well as via serotonin receptors. The increase in cerebral flow could be inhibited by the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol, indicating vascular dopamine receptors in the brain with a dilating effect. When the vasoconstrictor activity of dopamine is blocked, the single response to a dopamine infusion is a blood flow increase. This might be beneficial in the clinical situation of symptomatic vasospasm. PMID- 7368066 TI - Intracavernous traumatic aneurysms. AB - Five traumatic aneurysms of the intracavernous carotid artery are presented. Two cases were approached directly, employing the adjuncts of profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest. The remaining cases were treated by trapping or ligation. Although intracavernous sinus surgery is possible, the false traumatic aneurysms of the carotid artery in the cavernous sinus appear not to be amenable to direct clipping techniques and are better treated by trapping. PMID- 7368067 TI - Giant suprasellar aneurysm with extravasation of contrast medium into the ventricular system. AB - The authors report a case of giant suprasellar aneurysm which simulated pituitary apoplexy and was associated with extravasation on angiography of contrast medium into the whole ventricular system. PMID- 7368068 TI - Bilateral thrombosis of the transverse sinuses: microsurgical revascularization with venous bypass. AB - The present paper reports a case of intracranial hypertension secondary to thrombophlebitis of the two transverse sinuses and internal jugular veins in which microsurgical revascularization was attempted. This was carried out by means of a bypass graft inserted between the right transverse sinus and the superficial jugular vein. As early as the first post-operative week, intracranial pressure improved and visual disorders regressed. This type of venous revascularization using microsurgical techniques should contribute to more successful and lasting results in cases of sinus occlusions of thrombophlebitic, traumatic or tumorous origins. PMID- 7368069 TI - Afferent artery and the site of neck of anterior communicating aneurysms. AB - The relationship between the afferent artery and the site of aneurysmal neck and hemodynamics in the anterior part of the circle of Willis was investigated from surgical and angiographic findings in 213 patients with anterior communicating artery aneurysms. An afferent artery was limited to the dominant A1 in about 95% of them. The neck of an aneurysm was more than three times greater at the bifurcation of the dominant A1 and the anterior communicating artery than at the bifurcation of the non-dominant A1 and the anterior communicating artery. PMID- 7368070 TI - Pyogenic psoas abscess secondary to infection of the lumbar disc space. AB - Two cases of staphylococcol psoas abscess are reported. These occurred many years after operations on lumbar discs, complicated by post-operative disc space infection. Clinical and radiological findings are reported. The features of psoas abscess and the management are discussed. PMID- 7368071 TI - Recurrent cranial flap infection from implanted skin. AB - An unusual case of recurrent cranial flap infection is described. The infection was traced to the growth of implanted skin in the galea associated with growth of hair and accumulation of keratinous debris in the subgaleal space. Factors governing the implantation of cutaneous elements and their subsequent fate are examined in detail in the light of experimental and clinical observations. PMID- 7368072 TI - Clinical experience in neurosurgery with absele: a new absorbable haemostatic bone sealant. AB - Control of bleeding from the cut end of bone in neurosurgery is a necessity. In certain clinical situations, control of bleeding may be difficult because of the underlying pathology. Existing methods of control of haemorrhage with standard bone wax can interfere with subsequent healing. This paper presents the clinical results in 259 patients in whom a new absorbable bone sealant, Absele, has been used. Absele is a paste made from stabilised fibrin and soluble collagen and absorbs totally with minimal tissue reaction in approximately three weeks. PMID- 7368073 TI - Research and socialism. PMID- 7368074 TI - Oligodendroglioma of the cerebellum. AB - Oligodendrogliomas make up about 3.9 to 8% of brain tumors and present commonly as lesions of the cerebral hemispheres. Such tumors are uncommon in the posterior fossa. We would like to record the case of a woman who presented with a cerebellar oligodendroglioma, has survived two operations and is well 13 years after the first operation. PMID- 7368076 TI - Orthokeratology. II. A risky and unpredictable 'treatment' for a benign condition. PMID- 7368075 TI - Orthokeratology. I. A safe and effective treatment for a disabling problem. PMID- 7368077 TI - Monocular diplopia. AB - Monocular diplopia may be of external, optical, neurological, neuromuscular, or psychogenic origin. It may develop spontaneously or it may be induced by surgery or trauma. Because treatment is usually directed toward the cause, determination of the etiology is important. Useful diagnostic techniques are described, as are treatment modalities for monocular diplopia of various origins. PMID- 7368078 TI - Optic neuritis--etiology? AB - A 44-year-old otherwise healthy woman was referred to Washington University with previous diagnoses of para planitis and retrobulbar neuritis, and with a current complaint of markedly decreased vision (light perception only) in the right eye. Among the findings at the time of this evaluation were posterior uveitis and evidence of optic neuropathy and of a disordered immune system. The patient responded to pulsed high-dose corticosteroid therapy. A subsequent similar episode in the left eye also was resolved with such treatment. Dr. Burde describes the case in detail and asks Drs. Keltner, Gittinger and Miller to offer diagnoses. Their answers vary considerably. PMID- 7368079 TI - Clinical performance versus in-training examinations as measures of surgical competence. PMID- 7368080 TI - Carotid artery stenosis with contralateral internal carotid occlusion: long-term results in fifty-four patients. PMID- 7368081 TI - The effect of glucagon on hepatic cellular energetics during a low flow state. AB - An investigation of the effect of glucagon on liver high energy phosphate concentration during a low flow state is presented. Two groups of dogs were subjected to a 120-minute period of hemorrhagic hypotension followed by reinfusion of shed blood plus additional normal saline to restore the central venous pressure to 10 cm H2O. One group received glucagon intravenously in addition. Despite a significant increase in portal flow and oxygen delivery and a significant increase in liver glucose associated with glucagon administration, there was significant impairment in the ability of the liver to regenerate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Evidence is presented to show the decreased ATP concentration was not related to hepatic blood flow, but was presumably due to increased catabolism. PMID- 7368082 TI - Cardiovascular fiberoptic endoscopy: development and clinical application. AB - A slender, flexible cardiovascular fiberoptic endoscope has been developed. It is 4.0 mm in diameter and 120 cm in length. It is introduced through the peripheral vessels, and endoscopy is performed similarly to the procedure of the cardiac catheterization. It has been applied in 45 patients, for the preoperative and intraoperative diagnoses of various heart diseases in 25 and in 20 for the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative diagnoses of various vascular diseases. Most applications were aimed at the accurate preoperative diagnosis of an atrial septal defect. With flexible endoscope, the right sides of the heart and vascular lumens were clearly visualized. There were no infections, and no apparent injuries of the cardiovascular system were produced by the insertion and manipulation of the endoscope. It is concluded that the first step toward the use of cardiovascular endoscope as an adjunctive diagnostic procedure has been achieved. PMID- 7368083 TI - Effect of magnesium sulfate on platelet deposition in rabbits following temporary arterial occlusion with surgical clips. AB - The effect of magnesium sulfate on thrombus formation in vivo was studied by scanning electron microscopy utilizing the model of endothelial damage by temporary arterial occlusion with a Heifetz clip. Examination of arterial segments compressed by the surgical clip for 30 minutes, followed by 2 hours of reflow, revealed marked attachment of platelets and deposition of erythrocytes, with very few leukocytes, to exposed subendothelial tissues. This thrombotic deposition protruded as much as 150 mu into the vascular lumen (15% of luminal diameter). By contrast, in animals pretreated with magnesium sulfate, this deposition was limited to isolated areas of single or very few platelets with few erythrocytes or leukocytes. The difference in overall quantity of thrombus formation between nontreated and magnesium sulfate-treated groups was much less obvious after 24 hours; however, fewer leukocytes and erythrocytes were seen to be attached to the platelet carpet in the treated group as compared with the nontreated group. The effect of magnesium sulfate on the overall quantity of thrombus formation corresponded inversely to the measured levels of serum magnesium in these groups. PMID- 7368084 TI - The effect of branched chain amino acids and hypertonic glucose infusions on postinjury catabolism in the rat. PMID- 7368085 TI - Retarding Novikoff tumor growth by altering host rat cholesterol metabolism. AB - Tumor cells, in vitro, must derive the majority of their required cholesterol from their host milieu. To determine if limiting tumor-available cholesterol results in limited tumor growth in vivo, Holtzman rats were given 10 X 10(6) Novikoff ascites tumor cells subcutaneously. Prior to inoculation, animals received either distal small bowel exclusion or sham operation plus either standard chow or estrone-containing chow (0.0025% or 0.01%) diets. In three separate experiments it was shown that (1) tumor weight was positively correlated with whole plasma cholesterol levels (r = 0.495; P less than 0.05); (2) the lowest tumor weights were correlated with the lowest plasma cholesterol; (3) low density and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were both individually and in combination positively correlated with tumor weight (R2 = 0.828; P less than 0.01); and (4) survival of subcutaneous tumor inoculated animals was significantly greater in those animals shown to have the lowest plasma cholesterol, 27 +/- 1 days versus 29 +/- 1 days; (P less than 0.05). These data support the concept that limiting tumor-available cholesterol by altering host cholesterol metabolism will limit tumor growth. PMID- 7368086 TI - Hemodynamic effects of sympathectomy in ischemic canine hindlimbs. AB - One week after unilateral distal superficial femoral artery ligation, 15 anesthetized dogs were studied before and after bilateral lumbar sympathectomy. Total hindlimb capillary (THC) flow and arteriovenous anastomotic (AVA) flow were determined by microsphere arteriovenous (A-V) shunt measurement combined with electromagnetic femoral artery blood flow measurement. Muscle capillary blood flow (MBF) was measured by xenon133 clearance. Baseline femoral blood flow in ischemic (I) hindlimbs was only 53% of contralateral control (C) hindlimbs (I = 56, C = 105 ml/min, P less than 0.01). Ischemia was manifest in I limbs by reduced O2 consumption (I = 1.68, C = 2.53 ml of O2/min, P less than 0.01). After sympathectomy, total blood flow increased significantly in I limbs, but no improvement in O2 consumption occurred. This was due to increased A-V shunting, with increased AVA flow (from 3 to 20 ml/min. P less than 0.01) but unchanged THC flow. Neither resting nor reactive hyperemic MBF improved after sympathectomy. Control limbs showed similarly increased AVA flow, but decreased O2 consumption, suggesting a detrimental effect of sympathectomy. The major hemodynamic consequence of sympathectomy in ischemic canine hindlimbs was increased nonnutritive A-V shunting, with no improvement in total capillary flow. PMID- 7368087 TI - The significance of vein wall thickness and diameter in relation to the patency of femoropopliteal saphenous vein bypass grafts. AB - Two hundred and twenty-five reversed saphenous vein femoropopliteal bypass graft procedures were performed on 186 patients with occlusive vascular disease. These grafts were followed for a mean of 19 months, with the longest period being 64 months. Numerous factors ascertained before, during, and after operation were analyzed using a life-table technique to see how these factors correlated with graft patency. The internal diameter and wall thickness of the vein grafts appeared to significantly influence graft patency. The best results were obtained using veins with a large internal diameter and a thin wall. In contrast, none of the other factors studied (which included age, sex, blood pressure, height, weight, indication for surgery, diabetic state, serum lipids, angiographic data, the site of the upper and lower anastomoses, the use of spliced vein segments, the type of vein preparation and the consumption of cigarettes before operation) were useful predictors of graft patency. It is suggested that vein diameter and vein wall thickness should be taken into consideration when analyzing the results of saphenous vein femoropopliteal bypass graft procedures, and also that the assessment of these factors may influence the choice of graft material for a femoropopliteal bypass graft. PMID- 7368088 TI - Intimal disruption of major cerebral vasculature following blunt trauma. AB - A child with blunt traumatic intimal disruption involving the major vessels responsible for cerebral circulation was treated by operation. The injured vessels included both common carotid arteries, both vertebral arteries, and the left subclavian artery. The carotid injuries were treated by saphenous vein interposition grafts, whereas the left subclavian and vertebral arteries were ligated. The patient sustained no neurological deficit and is now completely well 2 years after treatment. The case reported herein is unique in that total intimal disruption of the four major vessels responsible for cerebral flow was treated by operation, resulting in complete recovery. The successful outcome underscores the importance of complete angiographic evaluation and adequate operative exposure in such cases. PMID- 7368090 TI - Pseudothrombophlebitis of the leg secondary to partial obstruction of the external iliac vein. PMID- 7368089 TI - Management of sepsis involving expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts for hemodialysis access. AB - The incidence and management of infections in 80 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts is reviewed. In a follow-up period of 12 to 30 months, the overall incidence of infection was 19%. In functioning grafts the majority of infections occurred after dialysis puncture or reoperation. With appropriate management, by incision, drainage, and packing of wounds with povidone-iodine solution, it was possible, even in the face of positive blood cultures, to treat four of five localized infections successfully without loss of graft function. Prophylactic antibiotics may be useful in reducing the high incidence of infection associated with secondary operations. PMID- 7368091 TI - The retroclavicular placement of peritoneovenous shunt tubing. PMID- 7368092 TI - Clinical usefulness of glucagon. PMID- 7368094 TI - Coagulopathy following peritoneovenous shunting--an endotoxin medication? PMID- 7368093 TI - Simplified technology. PMID- 7368095 TI - Surgery performed by residents. PMID- 7368096 TI - Intimal hyperplasia and the PTFE graft. PMID- 7368097 TI - Contact cholangiography. PMID- 7368098 TI - Carotid arterial trauma. AB - The English-language literature, from 1952 to 1979, was surveyed for all papers concerned with vascular trauma penetrating wounds of the neck, or carotid injuries in particular, and all valid, first-hand, adequately detailed cases of carotid arterial trauma were abstracted. The valid, first-hand, adequately detailed cases of carotid arterial trauma were abstracted. The current status of all our own hospital survivors who had been treated for carotid artery injuries was also established to add needed longitudinal perspective. In all, 722 cases were available for analysis. The mean age was 28 years, and the overall mortality rate was 21%. One hundred and eighty-six patients presented with severe neurological deficits. If they underwent arterial repair, 34% were better; if they had a carotid ligated, or were not treated surgically, only 14% improved (P = 0.01). Shock or coma, independently, were significantly ominous (P less than 0.001), but there was no evidence to support coma as a contraindication to restoring arterial continuity. Similarly, in the patients with preoperative neurological deficits, no data could be found to substantiate the contention that prompt arterial repair would yield better results than delayed repair. Follow-up status at 1 year was available for only 40 cases from the results than delayed repair. Follow-up status at 1 year was available for only 40 cases from the entire literature. Assessment of our own patients, at a mean of 4.6 years after injury, uncovered multiple, persistent neurological defects, one stenotic arterial repair, two aneurysms, and an arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 7368099 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the selected management of proximal arterial occlusive disease of the lower extremities: a preliminary report. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was used in the treatment of 17 segmental, arterial stenoses in 12 patients. Successful dilatation was achieved in 88% of lesions with documented hemodynamic improvement of all successful cases. The technique has been applied as the sole treatment in certain cases of isolated iliac stenosis. It also has been used to improve arterial inflow prior to more distal reconstruction, as well as to treat localized disease progression in patients with previous arterial reconstruction. It must be considered a new adjunct in the management of patients with arterial occlusive disease. PMID- 7368100 TI - Antiestrogen, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination in stage II breast cancer: a preliminary report. AB - A prospective, randomized clinical trial of three treatment regimens: (1) Cytoxan, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF), (2) CMF plus the antiestrogen drug, tamoxifen (CMFT), and (3) CMFT plus bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccinations in women with stage 22 breast cancer is reported. All patients underwent mastectomy and estrogen receptor (ER) analysis was performed. The results of this study show that patients with ER- tumors have recurrences more rapidly and have a higher mortality rate than patients with ER+ tumors (P less than 0.0001). In ER+ patients CMFT treatment is more effective in delaying recurrence than CMF alone at 33 months (P = 0.0176). This effect appears to be occurring in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. In ER- patients the recurrence rate is high, and there is no significant difference among the three treatment groups. In premenopausal patients treated with CMF alone, however, ER- patients recur more rapidly than ER+ patients (P = 0.0313) and suggests that the effect of CMF may be related to the suppression of ovarian function. These findings have demonstrated a significant role for the use of antiestrogen therapy in patients with state II, ER+ breast cancer. PMID- 7368101 TI - Respiratory failure in acute pancreatitis: the role of free fatty acids. AB - Hypertriglyceridemia has been noted in patients with acute pancreatitis and respiratory failure. Utilizing an isolated, perfused, canine pulmonary lobe, the effect of triglyceride infusion on pulmonary function was evaluated. When heparin was used to anticoagulate the perfusion circuit, the addition of triglyceride to the autologous blood perfusate resulted in massive weight gain (226 gm), intrapulmonary shunting (36%), and a marked drop in pulmonary compliance (congruent to 50%). Heparin activates lipoprotein lipase, and therefore some triglyceride in the perfusate was lipolyzed with a resultant increase in serum free fatty acids (FFAs) to 253 mumole/dl. When anticoagulation of the perfusion circuit was accomplished by defibrinogenation with Arvin, the addition of triglyceride to the autologous blood perfusate caused minimal weight gain (28 gm), no intrapulmonary shunting, and only a slight decrease in pulmonary compliance (22%). Arvin has no effect on lipoprotein lipase, and the FFA level in the perfusate remained normal (less than 70 mumole/dl). Thus it appears that FFA release secondary to the action of pulmonary lipoprotein lipase on blood triglyceride is the important pathogenic step in the induction of respiratory failure in this model. PMID- 7368102 TI - The modifying effect of nutritional intake of the posttraumatic depletion in hepatic glycogen in rats. AB - Hepatic glycogen levels were measured in rats both on oral food ad libitum and where intravenous nutrition was supplied at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.35 Kcal/gm of body weigh/day at 24 and 72 hours after injury. While on oral food rats with a closed femoral fracture had a lower level (25 +/- 6.5 mg/gm of liver) than normal (66 +/ 9.1 mg/gm of liver, P less than 0.005), 24 hours after injury. There was a corresponding rise in blood sugar (161 +/- 20 leads to 240 +/- 23 mg/100 ml, P less than 0.005) at 24 hours. However the food intake fell (23.8 +/- 1.5 leads to 16.6 +/- 2.4 gm/day, P less than 0.01) during the first 24 hours after the injury. When intravenous nutrition was given at a caloric level of 0.35 Kcal/gm/day, hepatic glycogen levels were above normal and there was no difference between injured and noninjured animals. At 0.2 Kcal/gm/day there was also no difference between injured and noninjured animals, but glycogen levels fell from norman levels (78 +/- 12.9 mg/gm) to lower levels (33 +/- 11.9 mg/gm, P less than 0.01) over the 24-hour to 72-hour period. Low levels of caloric intake (0.1 Kcal/gm/day) resulted in a fall in glycogen level in both injured and noninjured animals, with the decrease being significantly greater in the injured animals. It is concluded that maintenance of the caloric intake of rats at normal or high levels via the intravenous route can prevent the depletion of hepatic glycogen produced by a femoral fracture. PMID- 7368104 TI - Villous adenomas of the rectum: the accuracy of clinical assessment. AB - To avoid an unnecessary radical operation, it is important for surgeons to identify a clinically benign villous tumor of the rectum, especially in the middle third area, where a transanal approach may not be feasible. If the high accuracy of this clinical impression can be achieved, alternative methods such as piecemeal snare excision, or electrocoagulation, or both are justified. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a benign rectal villous tumor, 151 patients with totally excised rectal tumors were reviewed. All of these patients had soft and nonulcerated lesions and were judged to be benign. Induration and ulceration of the lesions signified malignancy and were excluded. One hundred and fourteen patients (76%) had benign villous adenomas, 23 patients (15%) had superficial carcinomas, and 14 patients (9%) had invasive carcinomas. Hence the accuracy of detecting a clinically benign villous tumor of the rectum was 91%. This is high enough to avoid a more radical procedure when the clinical impression is that of a benign villous tumor of the rectum. PMID- 7368105 TI - Response of the pulmonary microcirculation to fluid loading after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. AB - We compared the response of the pulmonary microcirculation to fluid overload before and 24 hours after hemorrhagic shock, resuscitated with either blood or crystalloid, to determine whether vascular permeability was altered, making the lung more susceptable to fluid overload after shock and whether this response differed depending on the type of resuscitation fluid. Fourteen unanesthetized sheep with chronic lung lymph fistula were given a fluid challenge (one half of blood volume) before and 24 hours after hemorrhagic shock. Seven sheep were resuscitated after whock with shed blood and seven sheep were resuscitated with Ringer's lactate alone equal to 2.5 times the amount of shed blood. Pulmonary vascular pressures and lung lymph flow Ql were at baseline in both groups 24 hours after resuscitation except for the decreased plasma oncotic pressure pi p in the crystalloid group. Interstitial oncotic pressure, pi i was also lowered in this group such that the gradient (pi p-pi i) remained at baseline. In the blood group, pulmonary vascular pressures and QL increased transiently after fluid loading before and after shock with the mean time for QL to return to baseline being 5.5 and 5.9 hours for the preshock and postshock periods, respectively. In the crystalloid group, fluid loading after shock produced an increase in pulmonary vascular pressures resulting in a significant increase in QL over the preshock fluid response with the mean time for QL to return to baseline being 10.1 hours. However, changes in the value of (pi p-pi i) were identical to those seen before shock. Therefore we noted that 24 hours after shock, lung permeability was not significantly altered but crystalloid resuscitation did make the lung more susceptible to volume overload. PMID- 7368103 TI - Coarctation of the abdominal aorta with stricture of the major vessels. PMID- 7368106 TI - Systemic prophylaxis with metronidazole (Flagyl) in elective surgery of the colon and rectum. AB - The effect of metronidazole prophylaxis in elective colonic and rectal surgery was studied in a prospective double-blind trial in which metronidazole was compared with a placebo. Fifty-six patients were included in the study, and the patients were randomly allocated to the two groups. Twenty-five patients received 2 gm of metronidazole the day before operation and 1.2 gm as a single daily dose for 5 days after operation. Twenty-one patients were given placebos in the same dosage. Before operation all patients were prepared with mechanical evacuation of the bowel. A significantly lower frequency of wound spesis, intraabdominal complications, and septicemia was found in the metronidazole group as compared to the placebo group. The incidence was 4.0% and 36%, respectively. Following protectomy, infection in the perineal area occurred in 33% and 43% of the respective groups. In the metronidazole-treated patients, however, this was the only complication, whereas 50% of the patients in the placebo group developed intraabdominal complications as well. After operation anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 8% of the patients who received prophylactic metronidazole. In the control group 67% of the patients had a positive postoperative anaerobic culture. Bacteroides fragilis was isolated from 13 of 14 patients with postoperative infection in the placebo group. B. fragilis was not isolated from any of the metronidazole-treated patients. The study indicates that anaerobic bacteria are the major contributors to would infection following colonic and rectal surgery and that metronidazole prophylaxis greatly reduces the frequency of postoperative infection. PMID- 7368107 TI - Pilonidal disease: origin from follicles of hairs and results of follicle removal as treatment. AB - Contrary to current concepts, shafts of hairs apparently are not the source of most pilonidal disease. Instead, follicles of hairs seem to be the source. Pilonidal disease progresses through five stages. Accumulation of hair within a chronic pilonidal abscess is a late and secondary phenomenon. The acute abscess is drained only. Over the chronic abscess the distended hair follicles are removed individually from the gluteal cleft. In addition, the cavity of the chronic abscess is cleaned out through incisions placed parallel to, but to one side of, the cleft. Acute abscesses are similary treated 5 days after drainage. Cavity walls are not excised. They are allowed to fall closed and to heal. An epithelial tube, when found, is dissected out through incisions beside the cleft. Nonhealing wounds are effectively treated with Monsel's Salt. Fifty patients were treated in the author's office under local anesthesia. Disability averaged 1 day. Healing time, without disability, averaged 3 weeks. Recurrences in four patients were healed in an average of 2 weeks. PMID- 7368108 TI - Alteration of lymphocyte function due to anesthesia: in vivo and in vitro suppression of mitogen-induced blastogenesis by sodium pentobarbital. AB - The mechanism of decreased lymphocyte responsiveness after major surgery is unclear. Because sodium pentobarbital, and intermediately long-acting barbiturate, will reproducibly induce anesthesia in experimental animals, we utilized a canine model to investigate its effect on lymphocyte proliferation induced by the mitogenic lectins erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin (E-PHA) and leukoagglutinating phytohemagglutinin (L-PHA). Although no effect was observed at 10 minutes or 1 hour after an anesthetic dose of sodium pentobarbital, after 1 and 3 hours of anesthesia, canine lymphocytes were significantly suppressed, as demonstrated by decreased responsiveness to E-PHA and L-PHA mitogen stimulation. After 3-hours the majority of animals had mitogenesis values of less than 50% of the preanesthetic control values. Recovery, as measured by a return to at least 70% of the preanesthetic mitogenesis value, was noted in the majority of animals at 24, 48, and 72 hours. In order to investigate the machanisms of the in vivo capability of sodium pentobarbital to induce immunosuppression of lymphocyte transformation, in vitro studies were carried out. Sodium pentobarbital was found to significantly inhibit mitogen-induced canine mononuclear cell blastogenesis at anesthetic (1.5 to 3.0 mg%) drug concentrations in vitro. Lymphocytes pretreated with barbiturate and washed prior to plating did not show this inhibiting effect. Our findings suggest that depression of the immune response reported in patients after operation could result from short-acting barbiturates administered during the induction phase of clinical anesthesia. Furthermore, the suppression may involve in vivo metabolism of pentobarbital, hormones or other in vivo factors, since washed lymphocytes from the in vivo but not the in vitro experiments demonstrated suppression. These results indicate that anesthesia may be an important factor in the immunosuppression reported after major surgery. PMID- 7368109 TI - Management of early and late thrombosis of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) femoropopliteal bypass grafts: favorable prognosis with appropriate reoperation. AB - In a series of 175 polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) femoropopliteal bypasses for limb salvage, nine thrombosed within the first montha after operation and 22 thrombosed from 1 to 23 months after operation. With reoperation (four simple thrombectomies and five graft extensions) all nine early closures are patent 3 to 27 months (mean 16 months) later. Four of the late thromboses did not jeopardize the limb, and viability has persisted 4 to 14 months. Eighteen of the late thromboses placed the limb in jeopardy. Appropriate reoperation after preoperative angiography restored graft patency for 2 to 27 months in 14 of 18 cases. Six grafts were patent more than 1 year after reoperation. The operations performed for late thrombosis were incision and patch angioplasty for intimal hyperplasia (25%), graft extension for distal disease (42%), and simple thrombectomy when no cause of thrombosis was identified (33%). These findings justify an aggressive approach with appropriate reoperations when PTFE femoropopliteal bypasses thrombose in the early or late postoperative period. Important additional limb salvage can thereby be obtained. PMID- 7368110 TI - Caudate lobe resection to reduce inferior vena caval hypertension prior to portacaval shunt. AB - Coexistent caval and portal hypertension was recognized on preoperative angiographic study of a patient with cirrhosis and variceal bleeding. This hemodynamic situation can preclude adequate reduction of portal hypertension by portasystemic shunt and can result in fatal postoperative bleeding. Resection of a very large caudate lobe effectively reduced caval pressure and allowed a direct solution to the problem by portacaval anastomosis, rather than by more complex shunts or by nonshunting procedures previously suggested as alternatives. PMID- 7368111 TI - Age and death in breast cancer. PMID- 7368112 TI - [Syndrome of exercise-induced stenocardia in men aged 40-59 (according to epidemiological study) and its diagnosis by means of veloergometric test]. PMID- 7368113 TI - [Work capacity evaluation after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7368114 TI - [Classification of the functional state of patients with ischemic heart disease according to the results of exercise test]. PMID- 7368115 TI - [Frequency of ECG changes in men aged 40-59 and the evaluation of the significance of these changes according to the results of submaximal exercise test]. PMID- 7368117 TI - [Organization of cardiovascular disease control in the USSR]. PMID- 7368116 TI - [Nutritional factors, lipids and lipoproteins]. PMID- 7368118 TI - [State of the cardiovascular system in influenza in patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7368119 TI - [Clinical course, intracardiac hemodynamics and myocardial contractility in chronic ischemic heart disease depending on the severity of involvement of coronary bed and myocardium]. PMID- 7368120 TI - [Treatment of idiopathic myocarditis]. PMID- 7368121 TI - [Increase of accuracy of determination of systolic time interval]. PMID- 7368122 TI - [Organization of dynamic endoscopic observation under polyclinical conditions]. PMID- 7368123 TI - [Problem of dispensarization of patients with chronic colitis and enterocolitis]. PMID- 7368124 TI - [Various methodological aspects of dispensarization]. PMID- 7368125 TI - [Effectiveness of conservative treatment of disseminated forms of chronic inflammatory-suppurative lung diseases]. PMID- 7368126 TI - [External respiration in chronic pneumonia in the aspect of medical expert testimony]. PMID- 7368127 TI - [Clinical course and prognosis in lupus nephritis]. PMID- 7368128 TI - [Problems of early diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7368129 TI - [Clinico-experimental evaluation of various new laboratory criteria for diagnosis of thrombogenic risk and intravascular blood coagulation]. PMID- 7368130 TI - [Use of prodigiozan in complex treatment of endogenous infections]. PMID- 7368131 TI - [Prevention of tissue necrosis with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)]. PMID- 7368133 TI - Use and abuse of red blood cell transfusions. PMID- 7368135 TI - Blood component therapy: red blood cells. PMID- 7368132 TI - [Clinical use of levamisole - perspectives and warnings]. PMID- 7368134 TI - Interventional radiology: an alternative to surgery. PMID- 7368136 TI - Personal openness with patients: help or hindrance. PMID- 7368137 TI - Teaching geriatrics in Texas medical schools--1979. PMID- 7368138 TI - Autopsy authorization in Texas. PMID- 7368139 TI - What's new in pediatric urology. PMID- 7368140 TI - Prolactin secreting pituitary microadenomas in women. PMID- 7368141 TI - Screening for congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 7368142 TI - Protracted stress syndrome in health care providers. PMID- 7368143 TI - Release of medical information to patients and insurance companies. PMID- 7368145 TI - "Dirty" fiber--"clean" fiber: a theory of the organization of fibrin from fibrinogen. PMID- 7368144 TI - In vitro thrombogenicity tests of factor IX concentrates. II: effects of phospholipids and heparin. AB - Measurement of the total phospholipid (and that portion active in coagulation) in factor IX concentrates revealed no correlation with in vitro tests of potential thrombogenicity, except in the case of the recalcification time and the thrombin generation test which may detect coagulant phospholipid as well as the presence of thrombogenic enzymes. This is probably due to separation of the prothrombin complex proteins from most phospholipid during ion-exchange chromatography. Although low levels of phospholipid remain in the final product these are apparently insufficient to effect appreciable activation of factor IX concentrates despite low levels of antithrombin III. Two tests which measure the formation of thrombin and factor Xa after recalcification of concentrates were affected by the addition of exogenous phospholipid. However this is a relative effect such that differences are quantitative rather than qualitative. Heparin addition during production of factor IX concentrate was found to have only minor effects on the results of in vitro thrombogenicity tests of the final product. This was confirmed in the laboratory by incubation of unheparinised products with heparin for periods of up to 6 hr. PMID- 7368146 TI - Fibrinogen-induced polymerization via the process of methylation. PMID- 7368147 TI - Localization of tissue fibrinolysis in the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Tissue fibrinolysis in the stomach and intestine of the rat was studied with a histochemical technique. After perfusion of blood vessels to reduce the influence of circulating plasminogen activator and inhibitor fibrinlysis was localized mainly to submucosal arteries and to the serosa of the gastrointestinal tract. This is opposite to previous observations, in which tissue fibrinolysis in the gastrointestinal tract was suggested to be mainly localized to veins. A method for semiquantitative analysis of tissue fibrolysis in the rat stomach is described. PMID- 7368148 TI - Tranexamic acid and gastric fibrinolysis in the rat. AB - An optimal inhibition of tissue fibrinolysis, studied by a histochemical fibrin slide technique in the rat stomach, was obtained by administration of tranexamic acid in a dose of 60 mg/100 g body weight. A significant fibrinolysis inhibition was found within 5 min, when tranexamic acid in this dose was given either intravenously or intragastrically. A prolonged duration of fibrinolysis inhibition was observed after intragastric administration. After 4 hr no inhibitory effect of tranexamic acid could be recorded, irrespective of the route of administration. PMID- 7368149 TI - Low dose heparin in the prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after aortic bifurcation graft surgery. AB - In a randomised double-blind controlled trial 24 patients undergoing elective aortic bifurcation graft surgery received subcutaneous calcium heparin (2,500 u pre-operatively then 5,000 u 12-hourly for 7 days) and 25 control patients received saline injections. All patients received a routine dose of intravenous sodium heparin intra-operatively. The trial was terminated because of excess bleeding complications in patients receiving subcutaneous heparin (8 vs. 1, p less than 0.05). Deep vein thrombosis occurred in 6 control patients and 2 patients on heparin (p less than 0.05). In this group of patients undergoing major vascular surgery the risk of bleeding due to heparin outweighed the potential benefit of thrombotic prophylaxis. PMID- 7368150 TI - Studies of heparin binding to antithrombin III by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. AB - The technique of crossed immunoelectrophoresis has been used to study the binding to purified antithrombin III (At III) of heparin and other mucopolysaccharides. The technique was unable to detect differences among samples of whole heparin from various manufacturers, but proved useful in studying the binding of heparin fractions; at the same molarities, low and high molecular weight heparin fractions displayed equal binding ability to At III. A semi-synthetic heparin analogue showed no evidence of binding to At III, but a sample of heparan sulphate did interact with At III at a concentration 3 times that of heparin. Samples of purified At III from four different manufacturers all displayed heterogeneity with respect to heparin binding. A proportion of the total At III did not bind to heparin and, in one sample, this non-binding material constituted about 40% of the total. An antiserum made against purifed At III contained antibodies with different cross-reactivities against heparin bound and non heparin bound At III. PMID- 7368151 TI - Determination of the biological activity of heparin by use of a chromogenic substrate. AB - We describe a new method for determining the biological activity of heparin in plasma with use of thrombin and the substrate Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-pNA. The procedure is based on the photometric determination of the inactivation of thrombin after incubation with plasma in the presence of endogenous antithrombin III (At III). The method allows the specific determination of heparin concentrations from 0.02 USP to 0.8 USP/ml of plasma in the presence of normal At III levels. It has been carried out manually by use of an Eppendorf spectrum line photometer or automatically by use of a Vitatron Akes analyzer. For evaluation, the results were compared with two standard samples which contained heparin in the low and high therapeutic range, respectively. PMID- 7368152 TI - Separation of heparin into subfractions by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. AB - Commercial porcine heparin can be separated into three distinct subfractions by using DEAE-cellulose chromatography and a stepped salt gradient. Gram quantities of heparin can be fractionated by this technique. All three heparin subfractions can accelerate the inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin III with different efficiency. The specific activities of the high activity heparin, intermediate activity heparin and low activity heparin are 228 units/mg, 142 units/mg and 95 units/mg, respectively. Both the uronic acid content and the quantity of N-SO4 for all three heparin subfractions have been evaluated. The high activity heparin has the lowest uronic acid and N-SO4 content. The successful separation of commercial heparin into three distinct subfractions by means of ion-exchange chromatography suggests that the net charge on these three heparin components will serve as a model system in the elucidation of the structure and activity relationship to the biological function of heparin. PMID- 7368153 TI - Effects of antimycin A and 2-deoxyglucose on energy metabolism in washed human platelets. PMID- 7368154 TI - Increased plasma fibrinogen and platelet-aggregates in type II hyperlipoproteinaemia. AB - Plasma fibrinogen and platelet-aggregates (method of Wu and Hoak) were measured in 21 patients with familial Type II hyperlipoproteinemia and 21 matched control subjects. Patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia had increased levels of fibrinogen and platelet-aggregates (p less than 0.01). Young patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia had prematurely high fibrinogen levels, and the normal rise in fibrinogen during adult life was abolished. There were no statistically significant correlations within the patient group between fibrinogen, platelet aggregates, and plasma lipids. High fibrinogen and platelet-aggregate levels may play a part in the development of the premature arterial disease associated with Type II hyperlipoproteinaemia, or may be markers of arterial injury. PMID- 7368155 TI - Platelet adhesiveness in permanent residents of high altitude. AB - Platelet adhesiveness (PA) has been studied in 43 permanent residents of high altitude (highlanders) and in an equal number of age matched low landers for comparison. The importance of our findings in the light of our earlier observations in young low landers developing ischaemic cerebral stroke at high altitude and the development of ill effects of high altitude induction in fresh unacclimatised inductees is discussed. PMID- 7368156 TI - The haemostatic mechanism and menstruation: the role of intra-uterine contraceptive devices. PMID- 7368157 TI - Cooperativity of albumin and aggrexons A and B for ADP-induced-aggregation of platelets. AB - Using extensively washed bovine platelets and a chemically defined medium instead of whole plasma, it was demonstrated that aggregation to a near normal extent was induced by ADP only in the presence of at least the following three components from plasma; albumin, Aggrexon A and Aggrexon B. These three proteins apparently acted cooperatively; the elimination of any one of the above mentioned plasma components from the system resulted in marked reduction of the aggregation. PMID- 7368158 TI - Lectin stimulation of tissue thromboplastin activity in human monocytes in vitro. AB - Lectins (phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin) trigger an increase in tissue thromboplastin activity of human monocytes in vitro. The presence of serum was not necessary and did not enhance the activity. The increase was inhibited by cycloheximide and actinomycin D, suggesting that de novo protein synthesis is involved. PMID- 7368159 TI - ATP- and ADP-induced rat platelet aggregation: significance of plasma in ATP induced aggregation. PMID- 7368160 TI - Relative activities of heparin fractions obtained by gel chromatography. AB - In order to investigate the reported heterogeneity of commercial heparin injections, lung and mucous preparations were fractionated by gel chromatography according to molecular size. Eluent pools were characterized by measuring electrophoretic mobility, anticoagulant activity using a reactivation assay and an anti-Xa assay, lipolytic activity and the protamine neutralization value. The only biological activity to show a marked relationship with the molecular size of the heparin fraction was the anti-Xa activation activity. This effect was more pronounced with the mucous heparins than with the lung heparin preparation studied. PMID- 7368161 TI - Human platelet acetylcholinesterase: the effects of anticholinesterases on platelet function. AB - Platelet acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in gel-filtered platelet preparations. Three different anticholinesteratic agents (eserine, neostigmine, and diisopropylphosphorofluoridate) at final concentrations of 10 muM caused complete inhibition of AChE activity after 30 min incubation at room temperature with either platelet-rich plasma or gel-filtered platelets. Complete inhibition of platelet AChE had no effect on platelet aggregation, factor-3 availability, and plasma clot retraction. We conclude that platelet membrane AChE activity is not required for normal platelet function as measured by these in vitro parameters. PMID- 7368162 TI - The effect on thromboelastogram of normal blood and procoagulant activity of gel filtered uraemic platelets. AB - The effect on thromboelastogram of normal blood, and activity of platelet factor 3 of gel filtered uraemic platelets were investigated. It was found that gel filtered uraemic platelets cause shortening of "r" time of thromboelastogram and show increased activity of platelet factor 3 (stypven time). Both phenomena were interpreted as being due to increase of platelet procoagulant activity. PMID- 7368164 TI - Thrombin-induced and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. PMID- 7368163 TI - Structure and function of platelet glycocalicin. AB - Present knowledge of the structure and function of platelet glycocalicin is reviewed. Glycocalicin (M 150,000) is a glycoprotein component of the outer surface of intact platelets which is released in soluble form following platelet homogenization. Glycocalicin has been purified and shown to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by thrombin or by ristocetin. Thrombin binding activity is associated with the peptide "tail" of the molecule (Mr 45,000), the macroglycopeptide portion (Mr 120,000) being without effect. Glycocalicin and membrane-bound glycoprotein I have been shown to be functionally and immunologically identical. Studies with platelets modified by chymotrypsin, and with platelets from patients with Bernard-Soulier disease and an ill-defined bleeding abnormality show that the amount of thrombin bound is proportional to the total amount of glycocalicin and glycoprotein I present. These results support the concept of a single class of binding site for thrombin in platelets. PMID- 7368165 TI - Specific binding of platelet proteins to immobilized fibrin monomers. PMID- 7368166 TI - Distribution of 14C-labelled 2-[p-(1-oxo-2-isoindolinyl)phenyl]butyric acid, (indobufen or K 3920) in blood, platelets and platelet components. PMID- 7368167 TI - Low dose aspirin and inhibition of thromboxane B2 production in healthy subjects. PMID- 7368168 TI - Effect of protamine on heparin-antithrombin III complexes. In vitro studies. PMID- 7368169 TI - Effect of protamine on heparin antithrombin III complexes. In vivo studies. PMID- 7368171 TI - N alpha-arylsulfonyl-omega-(4-amidinophenyl)-alpha-aminoalkylcarboxylic acid amides--novel selective inhibitors of thrombin. PMID- 7368170 TI - A radioimmunoassay of thromboxane B2 with thromboxane B2-125I-tyramide and its application to the study on the thromboxane B2 formation during platelet aggregation. PMID- 7368172 TI - Role of fibrinogen in fibrin transport: chromatographic studies. PMID- 7368173 TI - Results of low-dose heparin prophylaxis of venous thrombosis considering plasma heparin and anti-thrombin III concentration. PMID- 7368174 TI - The thrombogenicity of prothrombin complex concentrates: II. The effect of thrombocytopenia on in vivo thrombogenicity in rabbits. PMID- 7368175 TI - Simplification of the sequential impedance plethysmograph technique without loss of accuracy. PMID- 7368176 TI - Evaluation of the phospholipid-related procoagulant activity in plasma. A new clue for detecting tendency of thrombosis? PMID- 7368177 TI - Fibrinopeptide release from fibrinogen Paris I. PMID- 7368178 TI - A simple and efficient method for platelet isolation from their plasma. PMID- 7368179 TI - An improved rheological method for measuring spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation in vitro -- a technical report. PMID- 7368180 TI - A differential effect of low-affinity heparin on the inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa by antithrombin. PMID- 7368181 TI - [Degeneration of ball prosthetic valve in mitral ostium]. PMID- 7368183 TI - [Diaphragmatic hernia with acute volvulus and perforation of the stomach]. PMID- 7368182 TI - [Stomach ulcer and metal clips as suture materials. A case report]. PMID- 7368184 TI - [Malignant gastric lymphoma]. PMID- 7368185 TI - [Acute spinal epidural abscess]. PMID- 7368186 TI - [Psychogenically induced epilepsy]. PMID- 7368187 TI - [Echocardiographic determination of ejection fraction of the left ventricle]. PMID- 7368188 TI - [Gore-Tex vascular prosthesis for peripheral vascular surgery]. PMID- 7368189 TI - [Penicillamine and rheumatoid arthritis. Recent research results]. PMID- 7368190 TI - [Gestagen induced mammary tumors in dog--hardly relevant for human medicine]. PMID- 7368191 TI - [Drugs and house calls. A considered choice]. PMID- 7368192 TI - [Sudden death caused by defective portex prosthetic mitral valve]. PMID- 7368193 TI - [Caution recommended]. PMID- 7368194 TI - ['Green worm', an unknown cattle disease in Sweden]. PMID- 7368195 TI - [Postscript: parafilariasis in cattle]. PMID- 7368196 TI - [What is your diagnosis? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7368197 TI - [Does a drug administered by oral route affect the transfer of maternal antibodies in piglets? (author's transl)]. AB - The constituents of colostrum, which block the absorption of maternal antibodies shortly after the birth of piglets, are poorly defined. Therefore it cannot be stated off-hand whether the blocking of absorption may (also) be induced by oral administration of drugs shortly after parturition. To study this possibility, pregnant sows were immunized with bovine IgG, and a preparation of iron (used to prevent anaemia) was administered orally. The uptake of antibodies to bovine IgG in these piglets then was compared with that in a group of controls. In six out of sixteen litters studied, the uptake of antibodies was found to be significantly lower than that in the Fe-treated group. This adverse effect on the uptake of antibodies, resulting from the drug administered, would appear to warrant a closer study of this and other drugs to be administered shortly after parturition. PMID- 7368198 TI - [The brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille 1806 in the Netherlands, an analysis of imported cases, including their veterinary and medical significance (author's transl)]. AB - Eighteen cases of infestation with Rhipicephalus sanguineus were reported during the past five years. Of the cases, six were observed during the first seven months of 1979. Of all infestations, four originated from sources within the territory of the Netherlands. Several cases of infestation with canine babesiosis were reported. There could have been a relationship between some of these cases and infestation with R. sanguineus. Populations of this tick can survive and develop in Dutch homes. Forming reservoirs of boutonneuse fever and canine babesiosis would appear to be possible. PMID- 7368199 TI - [Once again: acute mortality in swine fever in weaned piglets]. PMID- 7368200 TI - [Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO): pharmacologic-toxicologic characteristics and clinical application possibilities]. PMID- 7368201 TI - [Uterine torsion in a German shepherd]. PMID- 7368202 TI - Quantitative analysis of the thickness of arterial walls in complete transposition of the great arteries. AB - Histometrical analyses were performed to estimate the medial thickness of the pulmonary and renal arteries in 35 autopsy cases of complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA). Twenty-one autopsy cases of ventricular septal defect (VSD) and 33 autopsy cases of normal cardiovascular systems were also examined for comparative analysis. The medial thickness of renal arteries was not influenced by age and remained unchanged throughout life. However, there were significant differences in medial thickness among TGA, VSD and normal cases. Normal and VSD cases showed higher value of medial thickness than TGA cases. The results suggest retarded development of the arterial walls in TGA. A positive correlation was observed between medial thickness and blood pressure in both the pulmonary and renal arterial systems in TGA and VSD. One of the most important findings in the comparative analysis of TGA and VSD was that the media of TGA was more remarkably attenuated than that of VSD at the same blood pressure level in both the pulmonary and renal arterial systems. The results suggest an underdevelopment of arterial media in pulmonary and systemic circulation in TGA and a possible supression of medial hypertrophy in TGA by some unknown factors. PMID- 7368203 TI - Growth of Candida in the upper intestinal tract as a possible source of systemic candidiasis in mice. AB - The relationship between Candida growth in the upper or lower intestinal tract and the occurrence of systemic candidiasis was examined in mice. A significant increase in Candida growth was observed in the upper intestinal tract of mice in which systemic candidiasis was induced by combined x-ray irradiation and dexamethasone treatment. PMID- 7368204 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of abdominal masses in the pediatric patient. AB - Ultrasonography was applied to 140 pediatric patients who were diagnosed with histopathological confirmation of masses by either surgical or autopsy methods during the past nine years in the National Children's Hospital and the Hospital of Toho University. The masses were classified into three ultrasonic patterns; solid, cystic, and mixed. A solid pattern was obtained in 47 cases, a cystic pattern in 67, and a mixed pattern in 26. Of the cases of the solid pattern, a benign tumor was seen in 32 per cent, and a malignant tumor in 68 per cent. Each 50 per cent of the cases of the mixed pattern had malignant or benign tumors. All the cases of the cystic pattern had benign tumors. Ultransonics was used as a supplement to routine clinical studies. PMID- 7368206 TI - Glycans and glycoproteins in 0.05M LaCl3-soluble fraction from bovine costal cartilage. AB - The supernatant fraction (Fr. S) obtained by ten-fold dilution of the 0.5 M LaCl3 extract of bovine costal cartilage was fractionated by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography, followed by gel filtration on Sepharose 4B. The resulting five subfractions were characterized by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes before and after digestion with pronase, alpha-amylase, and chondroitinase AC, together with analytical data. The results showed that Fr. S contained a large quantity of glycogen (Fr. 1), three sialoglycoproteins (Frs. 2, 3 and 4-1), hyaluronic acid (Fr. 4-1), a small molecular size proteoglycan consisting of chondroitin sulfates and keratan sulfate (Fr. 4-2), and small quantities of collagen-like protein. The components in the corresponding subfractions of Fr. S from non-calcified (NCC) and calcified (CC) portions of the costal cartilage were similar. It is indicated that consumption of glycogen is remarkable on calcification. PMID- 7368205 TI - Immunotherapy of autochthomous rat methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas with a mixture of allogeneic tumor cells and BCG-CWS. AB - Experimental immunotherapy with a mixture of allogeneic tumor cells and BCG cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) was carried out against established autochthonous fibrosarcomas induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. The inhibitory effect on growth in the early stage, tumor-size up to 2 cm in diameter, was significantly observed. No significant difference, however, was shown as compared with the effect of treatment with allogeneic tumor cells alone. That is to say, a more effective inhibition of growth due to the addition of BCG CWS was not demonstrated. PMID- 7368207 TI - Cineventriculographic analysis of left ventricular dynamics during sustained handgrip exercise. AB - In order to evaluate the effect of handgrip on left ventricular dynamics, cineventriculography was performed in 16 patients with heart disease and 5 normal subjects at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction. No patient had ventriculographic evidence of asynergy or valve regurgitation. During exercise, left-ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) insignificantly increased, left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) decreased, and hence stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF) rose in the normal group, while in the patient group a similar change in LVEDV was associated with increased LVESV, resulting in unchanged SV and decreased EF. It is notable that during exercise LVEDV increased in both groups, despite a shortened diastolic filling period. Mean velocity of fiber shortening (mean VCF) increased in the normal group and remained unchanged in the patient group. The changes in mean VCF during exercise were correlated with the alterations in SV and EF (r=0.46, p less than 0.05 and r=0.90, p less than 0.001), respectively). These data signify that an increased afterload induced by handgrip leads to an enhanced left ventricular myocardial contraction in addition to an increase in preload in the normal group, while the Frank Starling mechanism is mainly utilized in the patient group. PMID- 7368208 TI - Lipoperoxide formation of lysosome due to hematoporphyrin and ultraviolet light irradiation. AB - The malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in rat liver lysosomes increased in vitro by 400 nm ultraviolet light irradiation in the presence of hematoporphyrin (HP), but no changes were observed without HP. The MDA formation under the presence of HP was prevented by addition of vitamin E as antioxidant. PMID- 7368209 TI - Urinary methylmercury excretion in persons exposed to elemental mercury vapor. AB - Elevated urinary methylmercury excretion was observed in a patient poisoned with mercury vapor. When he was treated with D-penicillamine, the urinary methylmercury excretion increased significantly in both cases of twice-repeated 4 day peroral administration, while the urinary total mercury excretion increased significantly only in the first series of administration. PMID- 7368210 TI - A high skin protoporphyrin level in erythropoietic protoporphyria. AB - A high skin protoporphyrin level (4.36 micrograms/g wet weight) was detected in a 14-year-old girl with erythropoietic protoporphyria who died of protoporphyrin hepatopathy cirrhosis. Excess protoporphyrin was detected in the skin by our assay technique which was assumed to cause severe skin photosensitivity. PMID- 7368212 TI - Binding of triethyllead chloride by hemoglobin. PMID- 7368213 TI - Fetal to maternal cadmium movements across the perfused hemochorial placenta of the guinea pig. PMID- 7368211 TI - Effects of vinylidene chloride on DNA synthesis and DNA repair in the rat and mouse: a comparative study with dimethylnitrosamine. PMID- 7368214 TI - Strain differences in lead intoxication in rats. PMID- 7368215 TI - The significance of multiple detoxification pathways for reactive metabolites in the toxicity of 1,1-dichloroethylene. PMID- 7368217 TI - Lead-induced crop dysfunction in the pigeon. PMID- 7368216 TI - The relative neurotoxicity of methyl-n-butyl ketone, n-hexane and their metabolites. PMID- 7368218 TI - The chronic toxicity of technical and analytical pentachlorophenol in cattle. I. Clinicopathology. PMID- 7368219 TI - The effects of lead poisoning on calcium transport by brain in 30-day-old albino rabbits. PMID- 7368221 TI - Effect of a water-soluble phosphine on acute mercury poisoning in mice. PMID- 7368220 TI - Chemiluminescence from rat alveolar macrophages following induction of phospholipidosis with chlorphentermine. PMID- 7368223 TI - Common names index. Poisonous animals, plants and bacteria. PMID- 7368222 TI - Biointeraction of aflatoxin and zinc in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). PMID- 7368224 TI - Loxosceles reclusa venom component toxicity and interaction in Musca domestica. PMID- 7368225 TI - Effect of a scorpion (Heterometrus fulvipes) venom on dehydrogenases of the garden lizard. PMID- 7368226 TI - Effect of vitamin A deficiency of anticoagulant action of aflatoxin B1. PMID- 7368227 TI - Role of phospholipase A activity in the neuromuscular paralysis produced by some components isolated from the venom of the seasnake, Laticauda semifasciata. PMID- 7368228 TI - Individual changes of DNA catabolite excretion in the course of antitumor therapy of Hodgkin's disease. AB - In patients with morbus Hodgkin, treated primarily by the actino- and chemotherapy, the excretion was followed of DNA catabolites (deoxycytidine, deoxyuridine, thymidine and their sum) in the course of the therapy. The dynamics was studied of changes in the time interval of interest and attention was paid to its relation to the clinical and histological type of disease and to the successful character of the therapy defined by reaching a complete remission. The group of patients as a whole was characterized by an increased excretion of catabolites in the time interval of interest. No dependence was demonstrated between the catabolite excretion and extent of the disease similarly as between the excretion and successful character of the therapy. The dynamics of the changes in the time intervals of interest was neither remarkably nor continuously increased or decreased. The test of the excretion of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides possesses sufficient sensitivity for demonstrating laws in relation to the therapy during group evaluation. With respect to individual variability of values of particular patients and to the absence of the relations mentioned above the test is not suitable to indicate the individual response to the anticancer therapy. PMID- 7368229 TI - Investigation of a valuable biochemical indicator in radiotherapy. III. Serum lactate dehydrogenase enzyme level on irradiation of cancer patients. AB - In search of a valuable indicator of the effects of radiotherapy, the immune answer, leucocyte number, plasma free hemoglobin and serum haptoglobins were studied [3, 7]. Among the enzymes of interest, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was chosen for measurements, as it gave significantly elevated values on irradiation of blood, in vitro [6]. In the present study LDH values are shown on irradiation of cancer patients by differing types of radiation sources during treatment for several weeks. In 63% of the cases increase in respect of the untreated control was observed, and this was manifested during 4 or 5 weeks' treatment. "Modern beams", as high-energy X-ray and electron-ray increased LDH enzyme values less than conventional 200-kV X-rays and 60Co-gamma-rays. In the study of LDH isoenzymes, components 4 and 5 gave elevated values, others remained unchanged. Correlation between LDH enzyme and plasma free hemoglobin was estimated. PMID- 7368230 TI - [Comparative investigations (computed tomography, X-ray diagnostics, scintigraphy) for the detection of radiation-induced alterations of the lung (author's transl)]. AB - Radiation-induced alterations of the parenchyma of the lung were investigated in 24 rabbits before, during and after irradiation of the left lung. Of the experimental animals 12 received a surface dose of 50 Gy, the other half 40 Gy, equivalent to a focal dose of 47.5 resp. 38 Gy in the middle of the lung, with a fractionation of 10 Gy per week. By means of lung-scintigraphy (99mTc-MAA) radiation-induced obstructions to perfusion could be demonstrated in 93% of the experimental animals, only in 37% the detection of radiopneumonia was possible by computed tomography or by a roentgenogram of the thorax. In 70% of the experimental animals scintigraphic alterations could be detected already during radiotherapy, the alterations visible by computed tomography or roentgenology appeared much later. Here computed tomography allowed an earlier identification of differences in absorption than X-ray diagnostics. PMID- 7368231 TI - Formulae for TAR and SAR calculation for Co-60 beam. AB - Tissue-air ratio (TAR) and scatter-air ratio (SAR) are very important concepts in radiation dosimetry. In absence of any analytical relation for computation of these quantities a number of empirical equations have been fitted to experimentally measured data. This paper describes the derivation of analytical formulae from first principles. The resultant equations are very simple and can even be evaluated with the help of a slide rule. The computed values of TAR and SAR agree within 1% with the experimental data of Gupta and Cunningham (1966). PMID- 7368232 TI - [Reduction of the surface dose of Co 60 rays in a tissue depth of 0 to 3 mm by means of a magnetic field (author's transl)]. AB - In an air gap of 10 centimeters of width lying over a U-shaped iron core, a magnetic field with an intensity of B greater than or equal to 0,069 Tesla is produced by two permanent magnetic plates. This field is arranged behind the diaphragm unit of a Co-60 gammatron at right angle to the direction of radiation, so the surface dose can be reduced until a depth of 3 millimeters. This magnetic field diffracts the secondary electrons emanating from the diaphragms of the gammatron in such a manner that they cannot contribute to the surface dose within or beyond the irradiation field. Depending on the size of the irradiation field, the magnet allows to reduce the dose by 30% at most in a tissue depth of 5 to 10 mg/cm2. Measures were taken by means of a soft radiation chamber for different tissue depths within and beyond the irradiation field. PMID- 7368233 TI - Formulae for contour and inhomogeneity correction. AB - Standard data for treatment of the patient are usually obtained in a large homogeneous phantom having a flat surface, and the radiation beam is made to be incident normally on it. The actual patient is neither homogeneous nor has a flat surface. This paper derives suitable expressions--using the total dose formula of Tripathi and Kelkar--for correcting the obliquity of the body surfaces and inhomogeneities such as bone, lung, etc. inside the body. The results obtained thus compare very well with the experimentally measured data. These equations are very simple and can readily be used with standard data to yield corrected dose distributions. PMID- 7368234 TI - Buildup of electronic equilibrium below the surface of an irradiated medium. AB - This paper deals with the theoretical deduction of the buildup of electronic equilibrium near an air-water interface irradiated by a collimated photon beam. Anisotropy of secondary electron emission is taken account of by using isotropic electron point kernels suitable weighted with the appropriate distribution function and the contribution from the secondary electron flux in air is treated in the equivalent path length approximation. This method is readily applicable to practical situations where an electron filter is employed. For a typical 60Co beam the contributions from secondary electrons generated in the filter, the intervening air column and water are separately determined and analysed. Also presented are data on the variation of surface dose with filter-to-source distance for various field sizes. PMID- 7368235 TI - [A pocket calculator programmed by magnetic cards as irradiation time table (author's transl)]. AB - A representation of isodoses expressed as percentage of the possible dose maximum is the most practicable method to represent isodose schedules for the therapy planning. This implies, however, that an irradiation time table must exist for every irradiation unit which allows to determine the time of irradiation per irradiated field. A programme for the pocket calculator TI 59 is described which serves as irradiation time table. PMID- 7368236 TI - Collecting system for radioactive excreta from patients. AB - A solution is presented for the problem of receiving and storing the excreta of patients to whom radioactive iodine has been administered for the treatment of hyperthyroidism or thyroid gland carcinoma. The solution was found by installing a chemical toilet with flushing facilities connected to receiving tanks via a shut-off valve. PMID- 7368237 TI - [Early alterations in spinal marrow, liver and intestine of rats after total-body irradiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7368238 TI - Changes in the intestinal epithelial cells in abdominally irradiated germfree piglets. AB - The renewal time of intestinal epithelial cells was established using tritiated thymidine in 14-day-old conventional piglets as 96 hours, but 192 hours in germfree piglets. In germfree piglets, irradiated by single abdominal exposure to 60Co gamma-rays with 3.87 x 10(-1) C kg (= 1500 R), the first degenerative signs in the ileal epithelial cells were found on the 13th postirradiation day. Since that day, the columnar epithelial cells exhibited progressive degeneration changes in their ultrastructure. Quickly growing, substituting flat epithelial cells occurred beginning with the 15th day after irradiation and covered parts of the leveled denudated intestinal mucosa. These flat epithelial cells also exhibited degenerative changes. PMID- 7368240 TI - [Professor Dr. Kurt Flemming's 60th anniversary]. PMID- 7368239 TI - Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on hematopoietic stem cells in mice. AB - The effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were studied in irradiated BALB/c mice to see if DMSO has a stimulatory effect on hematopoietic stem cells. The spleen colony forming technique was employed. DMSO given after a lethal dose of radiation enhanced post-irradiation recovery and survival. The erythroid to granuloid spleen colony ratio was higher in the DMSO treated group compared to the controls. There was some evidence of an increase in the endogenous formation of erythroid colonies after DMSO treatment (0.38%). However, DMSO had no effect on exogenous erythroid colony formation; rather, it inhibited granuloid differentiation. PMID- 7368241 TI - Retinal fluorescein angiographic evidence for atheromatous microembolism. Demonstration of ophthalmoscopically occult emboli and post-embolic endothelial damage after attacks of amaurosis fugax. AB - There is evidence that microemboli responsible for amaurosis fugax may be atheromatous but it can elude ophthalmoscopic confirmation, because such emboli quickly fragment and disappear from view in the retinal vessels. This report documents 2 patients in whom fluorescein angiography of the retina provided evidence of microembolization after an attack of amaurosis although the fundus appeared normal. In one patient the angiogram revealed intraluminal material; in the other it showed fluorescein leakage from patent arteriolar bifurcations. PMID- 7368242 TI - Embolization from a fusiform middle cerebral artery aneurysm. AB - A 34-year-old man had a transient ischemic attack and subsequently a completed stroke. Arteriography revealed a large fusiform aneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery with intraluminal thrombus. At surgery, the thrombus was seen within the lumen of the aneurysm. Absolute evidence for embolization is lacking as no examination for this could be done. Embolization from intracranial aneurysms seems to occur exclusively in large or giant aneurysms. Turbulent flow and a "stagnant zone" probably promotes thrombus formation. The reasons for the relative rarity of subsequent embolization are discussed. Because embolization from intracranial aneurysm is so uncommon and because aneurysms usually produce focal deficit by other mechanisms, 4 criteria are presented to determine whether embolization is likely. PMID- 7368243 TI - Epidemiology of stroke in Tilburg, The Netherlands. The population-based stroke incidence register: 1. Introduction and preliminary results. AB - We present the methodology and some preliminary findings of a population-based stroke incidence register operating in Tilburg (about 150,000 persons), The Netherlands. From October 1, 1978 to March 31, 1979, 152 new strokes occurred giving an estimated overall incidence (per 100,000 population) for total and first attacks of 202 and 162, respectively. No major sex difference in stroke risk (all ages) was noted, although males did have a significantly higher incidence at 55--64 years of age. Stroke incidence increased strikingly with age. Thromboembolic infarcts comprised 83% and intracranial hemorrhage 13% of attacks. Males and females differed little in distribution of stroke types. The proportion of cerebral infarction was higher among older than younger cases. The opposite was true regarding intracranial hemorrhage. Embolic infarcts constituted a significantly higher proportion of cases at 65--74 years of age than at other ages. Hemiplegia and speech deficits dominated the clinical picture at onset. The 3-week case fatality for all strokes was 26%. Both a lowering of consciousness (found among 38% of cases during the first 24 hours) and a history of prior stroke were found related to a reduction in survival. Of patients surviving 3 weeks 25% were completely dependent and 25% partially dependent upon others for personal care. PMID- 7368244 TI - Effect of steroid on ischemic brain edema. Analysis of cytotoxic and vasogenic edema occurring during ischemia and after restoration of blood flow. AB - Mongolian gerbils were observed for the effects of beta-methasone on ischemic brain edema which developed during ischemia or after blood flow restoration. The severity of brain edema was determined by measuring water content of the ischemic cerebral hemisphere, using the wet and dry methods. Sodium and potassium ions were extracted from homogenized brains with 0.75N HNO2 and ion concentration measured by flame photometry. Passage of RISA from blood into the cerebral parenchyma, as an indicator of blood-brain barrier change, was determined with a gamma-scintillation counter. In the cytotoxic edema model, animals were killed after 9 h permanent ischemia or 3 h after 1 h ischemia. In the simultaneous cytotoxic and vasogenic edema model, the animals were killed either 20 h or 3 days following 1 h ischemia, or 3 h after blood flow restoration following 6 h ischemia. Steroid treatment was ineffective in ischemic brain edema of the cytotoxic or vasogenic type. PMID- 7368246 TI - Bilateral Nothnagel syndrome. Clinical and roentgenological observations. AB - The clinical features of a patient with bilateral oculomotor palsy, ataxia, disturbance of memory, and hypokinesia are described. Pneumography and CT scanning showed dilation of the posterior portion of the third ventricle, indicating involvement of the postero-medial thalamic structures. The relation of this finding to the patient's amnesia and hypokinesia is briefly discussed. It is concluded that the patient suffered an infarction within the region served by penetrating branches which arise from the cephalad end of the basilar artery, probably including the mesencephalic artery. PMID- 7368245 TI - Temporal profile (clinical course) of acute vertebrobasilar system cerebral infarction. AB - Records of 37 consecutive patients with acute brain infarction from vertebrobasilar artery disease, admitted to the cerebrovascular hospital service within 36 hours of the onset of symptoms, were studied to define the temporal profile of clinical events during the first week of illness. A stable course with unchanged neurologic deficit was found in 11% (4 patients). Progressive improvement in symptoms occurred in 35% (13 patients). Progressive disability occurred in 43% (16 patients). A remitting-relapsing course was noted in 11% (4 patients). In these latter 2 groups, stabilization of the clinical course occurred in the majority with 48 hours after the initial symptom; however, definite changes continued to develop up to 96 hours in a significant number of patients. Mortality at the conclusion of the first week was 27% for the entire group. This was 2.5 times greater than the 10.6% previously reported for a group of 179 patients with acute brain infarction due to carotid system disease who were concomitantly studied. PMID- 7368247 TI - Cerebral venous pressure during actively induced hypertension and hypercapnia in cats. AB - Superior sagittal sinus pressure, intracranial pressure and arterial pressure were recorded in an experimental series on 10 cats. During drug-induced, severe, acute arterial hypertension and parallel hypercapnia, venous pressure could exceed intracranial pressure in both the supra- and infratentorial compartment. From these data it is concluded that cerebral venous pressure during acute arterial hypertension may contribute to protein extravasation at the postcapillary-venular level. PMID- 7368248 TI - Cholesterol crystal embolization in rat brain: a model for atheroembolic cerebral infarction. AB - Acute and delayed effects of embolizing cerebral surface vessels with cholesterol crystals were studied by direct observation in anesthetized rats and rabbits, using an open-skull technique, and by histological examination of brains at intervals of one day and one week following embolization. The number and size spectrum of crystals, which were infused into the ipsilateral internal carotid artery, were believed to approximate those released by a rupturing large atheromatous plaque in man, but the other lipid materials contained in such plaques were intentionally excluded. It was found that cholesterol crystals had only limited ability to impede blood flow in the 20--80 mu diameter arteries in view. They were also inert within the lumen, causing no vessel wall reaction even after a week; nor was any evidence seen of a thrombogenic effect. Local caliber changes in the containing artery were reproducibly seen, with dilatation of the arterial segment proximal to the embolus and narrowing of the segment in front. These changes appeared to represent an active response of the vessel wall, rather than a passive response to alterations in intraluminal pressure. The difficulty in subsequently locating cholesterol emboli histologically was confirmed. Possible therapeutic implications for atheroembolic cerebral infarction in man were discussed. PMID- 7368249 TI - A re-examination of physostigmine-induced cerebral protection in the hypoxic mouse. A critical assessment of the model. AB - Using the hypoxic (FiO2 = 0.05) mouse model as originally described, the survival time following pretreatment with physostigmine was examined. The maximum increase in survival time was 87% following a physostigmine dose of 0.4 mg/kg. This increase was considerably less than that previously reported for this drug in a hypoxic mouse study wherein the standard method for exposing mice to hypoxia was altered. We speculate that this alteration in methodology resulted in small variations in FiO2 sufficient to account for the differences between these studies. PMID- 7368250 TI - Spinal cord infarction: a highly reproducible stroke model. AB - The study of focal central nervous system ischemia has been impeded by the lack of animal models that are both reproducible and simulate human ischemic strokes. To circumvent these problems, we have developed a rabbit spinal cord infarction model. Infarction of the caudal lumbar cord is produced by temporary occlusion of the abdominal aorta below the renal arteries. One hour of ischemia causes all of the animals to develop spinal cord infarctions in a highly reproducible pattern. These animals can be maintained alive for at least 2 weeks post-operatively. We believe that the tissue changes in spinal cord infarction are qualitatively similar to infarction of most areas of the central nervous system. This model has numerous features which make it particularly useful for neurochemical, neuropathological, and neurophysiological studies. PMID- 7368251 TI - Use of balloon catheters in the treatment of cranial arterial abnormalities. PMID- 7368252 TI - Need for CA Doppler exam following endarterectomy. PMID- 7368253 TI - Postoperative complications of vitreoretinal surgery. PMID- 7368255 TI - The Copeland lens. PMID- 7368254 TI - Pitfalls in strabismus management. PMID- 7368256 TI - Brain stem potentials in otologic diagnosis. PMID- 7368257 TI - Regional anaesthesia in and around the oral cavity. PMID- 7368258 TI - Tetanus of the head and neck. PMID- 7368260 TI - Osteoma of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 7368261 TI - The diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma. PMID- 7368259 TI - Office allergy--concepts for the otorhinolaryngologist. PMID- 7368262 TI - Administration of microaggregate filtered blood using a manual infusion pump. AB - Administration sets containing in-line plastic blood pumps are commonly used to transfuse blood. Flow rates were measured while six units of whole blood and red blood cells were infused through a blood pump administration set coupled to either a large pore 260-micron filter or a 20-micron microaggregate blood filter. Using the same type of blood pump administration system and three units of whole blood, the flow rates achieved by the currently available microaggregate blood filters were compared. Results showed that despite a smaller pore size the 20 micron microaggregate blood filter achieved flow rates that were faster than or equal to those recorded for the larger pore (260-micron) filter. This was attributed to the larger filtration surface area possessed by the smaller pore filter, 140 cm2 versus only 30 cm2 for the 260-micron filter. All of the microaggregate filters studied were able to filter three units of whole blood at flow rates in excess of 80 ml/minute. There was no evidence of blood pump induced hemolysis. We concluded that a manual infusion pump can be used to transfuse microaggregate filtered blood rapidly enough to be acceptable for routine clinical or intraoperative use. PMID- 7368263 TI - Extended storage of human platelets at 22 C: changes in glycogen and adenine nucleotide metabolism. AB - The energy metabolism of human platelets stored at 22 C with continuous agitation has been studied. Freshly prepared platelets contain 9.7 mg of glycogen, 9.1 mu moles of ATP, 3.7 mu moles of ADP, 0.9 mu moles of AMP per 10(11) platelets and have an adenylate charge of 0.8. In the first 72 hours of storage there is no appreciable change in the glycogen content, adenylate charge and rate of ATP pool labeling. Therefore, on the basis of these results, the early impairment of function reported by others cannot be ascribed to alterations in the platelet energy metabolism. Upon further storage, however, there is a progressive loss of adenylate and glycogen while hypoxanthine accumulates extracellularly. PMID- 7368264 TI - Therapeutic effectiveness and safety of outdated human red blood cells rejuvenated to restore oxygen transport function to normal, frozen for 3 to 4 years at -80 C, washed, and stored at 4 C for 24 hours prior to rapid infusion. PMID- 7368265 TI - Use of plasmapheresis and partial plasma exchange in the management of patients with cryoglobulinemia. AB - The management of patients with cryoglobulins often meets with limited success. Reported here is the use of plasmapheresis and/or partial plasma exchange in the management of five patients with cryoglobulinemia. The procedure was carried out at room temperature with reinfusion through a blood warmer. Circulating levels of mixed cryoglobulins and monoclonal IgM cryoglobulins were more easily reduced than were IgG cryoproteins. Improvement in symptoms was associated with removal of the cryoprotein. Pheresis can be used as primary therapy for reduction of cryoglobulin levels in cases of symptomatic essential cryoglobulinemia. Where an etiology for cryoglobulinemia is known and specific treatment exists, pheresis can be used as effective adjunct therapy. PMID- 7368266 TI - An analysis of blood transfusion of surgical patients by sex: a question for the transfusion trigger. AB - The factor or constellation of factors which precipitates blood transfusion in hospitals can be termed the "transfusion trigger." The blood transfusion experience of 535,031 male and female surgical patients was compared in order to evaluate the importance of the hematocrit as a component of this transfusion trigger. Transfusion data presented support the hypothesis that surgeons use the same support and ceiling hematocrit levels to regulate blood transfusion in men and women, despite the fact that women have lower hematocrits. The use of a lower hematocrit support level to govern the blood transfusion of female surgical patients should be considered. Data cited showing that women have a degree of physiologic adaptation to their lower hematocrits suggest that this change could be introduced without causing increased morbidity. A net saving of blood would most certainly result from it. PMID- 7368267 TI - Hemolytic disease of the newborn associated with anti-Jk3. AB - This report documents a mild case of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) associated with anti-Jk3. The Filipino mother had previously had six children none of whom had been affected by HDN. She had been transfused at the time of her second pregnancy. Anti-Jkb and anti-Jk3 were detected in the maternal serum at the time of her seventh delivery. No prenatal serologic tests for blood group antibodies had been performed. The cord blood was found to have a positive direct antiglobulin test and anti-Jkb plus anti-Jk3 were eluted. The infant was treated with phototherapy. PMID- 7368268 TI - Frequent multiunit plateletpheresis from single donors: effects on donors' blood and the platelet yield. PMID- 7368269 TI - Exclusion of the red blood cell antigen Fra from the Colton blood group system. PMID- 7368271 TI - DIC in open heart surgery? PMID- 7368270 TI - Blood preservation. XXIX. Pyruvate maintains normal red cell 2,3-DPG for six weeks of storage in CPD-adenine. AB - Pyruvate was placed in experimental CPD-adenine (0.25 mM) blood preservative mixtures in four concentrations ranging from 40 to 320 mM. In the 320 mM pyruvate preservative, 2,3-DPG levels were elevated above normal for six weeks of whole blood storage at 4 C. The lower pyruvate concentrations maintained elevated or normal 2,3-DPG levels for less time: four weeks with 160 mM, two weeks with 80 mM, and one week or less with 40 mM or the control. ATP values were best maintained in the control. The higher pyruvate concentrations resulted in the most rapid decreases at ATP. However, even the 320 mM pyruvate did not cause ATP to fall below 2 microM/gm of Hb. The higher pyruvate concentrations produced and maintained a higher pH during storage. On the other hand, 2,3-DPG levels increased with pyruvate during the first week of storage when the pH was decreasing rapidly. This could be the result of its oxidation of NADH to NAD. The high pyruvate concentration which maintained elevated 2,3-DPG levels throughout the six weeks might be simulating the effect reported in pyruvate kinase deficient red blood cells, in which blockage of glycolysis at that step is preventing 2,3-DPG catabolism. PMID- 7368272 TI - Management of thrombocytosis. PMID- 7368273 TI - Inhibitory effect of Mercurascan on lymphocytes. AB - Human lymphocytes treated in vitro with Mercurascan (MSC) have a reduced capacity to form E rosettes and to respond to phytohemagglutinin. MSC was also found to reduce the capacity of mouse lymphocytes to activate the regional lymph nodes of allogeneic recipients and release the lymph node-activating factor. PMID- 7368274 TI - A contribution to the study of lymphopoiesis in the bursa of Fabricius in Gallus domesticus. AB - It has been proposed that the anatomical connection between the bursa of Fabricius and the cloaca is the pathway for unknown intestinal factors which are necessary for the induction of normal bursal lymphopoiesis. It has also been suggested that normal lymphopoiesis occurs only if nerve and vascular connections are intact. Experiments were performed to test these hypotheses. To test the influence of the intestinal contents, the bursal stalk was cut on the 16th day of incubation or at hatching. In this way, contact between the bursa and the intestinal flow in embryos was avoided and bacterial contamination of the bursa at hatching was also avoided. No change in the bursal follicles was observed. To study the influence of the nervous system on bursal lymphopoiesis, the bursa was isolated from the cloaca at hatching, and by maintaining vascularization the bursa was sutured to the peritoneum of the abdominal wall after scratching the contact surfaces. Once a new vascular network was established, one fragment of bursa was completely isolated from its normal anatomical site, causing interruption of the blood vessels and nerves of the bursa. The histological appearance of the bursa was not changed. It would appear that the integrity of the anatomical relation between bursa and cloaca and an intact nerve supply is not necessary for normal lymphopoiesis to occur in the bursa of Fabricius. In contrast, sufficient vascularization appears to be essential. PMID- 7368275 TI - A hybridoma antibody which reacts with human cells carrying the DRw4 tissue type. Evidence for heterogeneity of DRw4. PMID- 7368276 TI - Viable animals obtained by grafting pieces from several nemertean adults. PMID- 7368277 TI - Sequential partial splenectomy in the mouse. PMID- 7368278 TI - Determination of intracellular adenosine triphosphate for detecting anti-HLA antibody-mediated cytolysis. Introduction to a new method for HLA typing. AB - Intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) determination appears to be a rapid, and reliable technique for the detection of complement-dependent cytolysis mediated by cytotoxic anti-HLA sera. Only a few minutes after the addition of complement to anti-HLA-coated target lymphocytes, a striking loss of intracellular ATP is observed. The technique can be easily performed with minute amounts of cells, serum, and complement, and exactly following the technical conditions of the standard HLA typing microcytotoxicity test (MCT). One of its main advantages over MCT is that the reading of results can be performed automatically. Since in most tissue typing laboratories all steps preceding the reading of MCT results have already been automated, this method could be of great interest, with a view to permitting the complete automation of HLA typing. PMID- 7368279 TI - HLA-DR typing by radioimmunoassay. AB - A radioimmunoassay procedure is described by which peripheral blood lymphocytes can be typed for HLA-DR specificities. The major advantages of this method are the following: simple and reproducible procedure, no need for B lymphocyte separation, no need for optimal viability, and no need for preabsorption of antisera with platelets. This method will find an application in the genetic and biochemical analysis of the HLA complex, and in the clinical tests of Ia antigens for diagnostic or prognostic purposes and in retrospective transplant studies. PMID- 7368280 TI - Formation of epidermis by serially cultivated human epidermal cells transplanted as an epithelium to athymic mice. AB - Human epidermal cells were grown serially in surface culture by inoculation of suspensions of disaggregated cells. Single cells grew into colonies and the colonies fused to make a confluent epithelium. The epithelium was detached as a unit and transplanted onto a graft bed prepared in athymic mice. Such grafts formed epidermis complete with stratum corneum. Although they became considerably reduced in area, the grafts remained healthy for as long as 108 days after grafting. The human origin of the grafts was demonstrated with a species-specific antiserum to a precursor protein of the cross-linked envelope. PMID- 7368281 TI - Immunosuppressive effect of murine alloantibody giving only partial H-2 cover. PMID- 7368282 TI - Comparison of in vivo cell distribution following either intraperitoneal or intravenous injection of lymphoid cells. PMID- 7368283 TI - The concept of adaptive differentiation: relevance to MHC polymorphism, self recognition, and leukemogenesis. PMID- 7368284 TI - Immunogenicity of DR antigens isolated from body fluids. PMID- 7368285 TI - Tissue Typing of cultured human tumor cell lines: the detection of genetically appropriate HLA-A, B, C, and DR alloantigens. PMID- 7368286 TI - Allosensitization protects against lethal challenge with a syngeneic mouse lymphoma. PMID- 7368287 TI - Autoreactive cells in cancer-active immunotherapy: their cytotoxic potential and genetic restriction. PMID- 7368288 TI - Specificity of antibody induced in sarcoma patients immunized with allogeneic sarcoma cells. PMID- 7368289 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen-binding immunoglobulin isolated from normal human serum by affinity chromatography. PMID- 7368290 TI - Biologic effects of the altered MHS profile on the K36 tumor, a spontaneous leukemia of AKR. PMID- 7368291 TI - Serologic and immunochemical studies of the cell membrane alloantigens of K36, an AKR spontaneous leukemia. PMID- 7368292 TI - Alien H-2 antigens (H-2k) appearing on a methylcholanthrene-induced tumor (H-2d): biochemical characterization. PMID- 7368293 TI - Lack of identity between TSTA and alien antigens of methylcholanthrene-induced murine sarcomas. PMID- 7368294 TI - Cell surface antigens of chemically induced sarcomas of inbred mice. PMID- 7368295 TI - Alterations in expression of glycoproteins by a murine fibrosarcoma detected with Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7368296 TI - Microvesicle-induced antigen transfer to target cell membranes. PMID- 7368297 TI - Syngeneic monoclonal antibodies to a methylcholanthrene-induced mouse sarcoma. PMID- 7368298 TI - Sigmoid volvulus. PMID- 7368299 TI - Malaria: growing menace. PMID- 7368300 TI - Vegetable toothbrush in the stomach. PMID- 7368301 TI - Female circumcision. PMID- 7368302 TI - Feeding habits of infants in Benin City, Nigeria. PMID- 7368303 TI - Primary health care in rural India. PMID- 7368304 TI - Economy in drug prescribing in Mozambique. PMID- 7368305 TI - Primary health care at the community level: the involvement of the doctor. PMID- 7368306 TI - Nutrition rehabilitation in Zaire. PMID- 7368307 TI - Trials and tribulations of surgery in rural tropical areas. PMID- 7368308 TI - [D-xylose transport in cultured mammalian cells]. AB - The uptake of D-xylose by CHO-K1 cells in monolayer conditions, and by suspended L- and HeLa cells has been studied. The initial velocity is a function of exogenous xylose concentration. The estimated kinetic constants, Km and Vmax, at 37 degrees were, resp., 20 mM and 10 mmol/min for CHO cells, 12.5 mM and 2.8 mmol/min for L-cells, and at 16 degrees--3 mM and 2.6 mmol/min for HeLa cells. The transport of D-xylose was inhibited by D-glucose and phlorizin. It is concluded that D-xylose may penetrate into the cells by a passive transport (facilitated diffusion), and that D-xylose may be used as a transport analogue of D-glucose. The intracellular H2O space, determined from the equilibrium level of D-xylose for the monolayer of CHO cells was equal to 1.5 microliter on 10(6) cells. PMID- 7368309 TI - [Effect of ethidium bromide on the electrical activity of nerve cells]. AB - The interaction of ethidium bromide with stretch receptor neurons of the crayfish has been studied. The fluorescent staining of the neuron axon membrane was shown to be accompanied with the inactivation of its electrical action potential generation capacity. Taking into account the high specificity of ethidium bromide fluorescence rising under condition of its complexation with nucleic acids especially, the existence of RNA in composition of axon membrane electrogenic channels is suggested. The modification of RNA by ethidium bromide may lead to the inactivation of electrogenic channels in the axon membrane. PMID- 7368310 TI - [Growth-stimulating effect of serum ultrafiltrates on BHK-21 cells]. AB - The growth of BHK-21 cells exposed to various bovine serum ultrafiltrates has been studied. The intensity of cell multiplication equal to that seen in the presence of the whole serum was provided only by the ultra filtrate containing all components with molecular weights up to 200 000 dalton. Ultrafiltrates containing components with molecular weight up to 70 000 dalton or from 70 000 to 200 000 dalton provided stretching of cells and their partial multiplication. Ultrafiltrates containing components with molecular weight up to 14 000 dalton stimulated only attachment of cells, without stretching. PMID- 7368311 TI - [Control of cell proliferation in vitro. I. Relation of proliferation to blood serum factors]. AB - The population of L-cells sensitive to the cytotoxic action of ethidium bromide (EB) has at least 2 cell types differing in some growth characteristics and in their dependence on serum factors, controlling saturation density of culture. L cells, resistant to EB, differ from sensitive cells in many features studied and reveal the ability for a continuous and, probably, unlimited multiplication in serum-free medium. PMID- 7368312 TI - [Autoradiographic analysis of the migration of slowly translocating protein into the axons of sympathetic neurocytes of normally developing and sympathectomized mice of different ages]. AB - Autoradiography was applied to a comparative analysis of transport dynamics of the newly synthesized protein into the axons of sympathetic neurocytes in mice of different age, developing both normally and after a partial desympathization by guanethidine. The data obtained make in possible to suppose that the rate of slowly transporting protein migration from perikaryons into axons is a little reduced in normal presenile mice. The lowest rate of migration of such proteins is discovered in neuron cells of the partially desympathized presenile mice. PMID- 7368313 TI - [Stimulation of mitotic activity and blast transformation of lymphocytes in vitro caused by phaseolosaxin and its fractions]. AB - Mitogenic and blast-transforming properties of phytohemagglutinin Phaseolosaxin of the Bulgarian production, and of its three fractions have been studied in vitro. The greatest part of the biological activity is due to fraction 1, which represents, in fact, a highly purified phytohemagglutinin. These results may be useful in regard to the large scale of application of Phaseolosaxin. PMID- 7368314 TI - Psoroptic mange in goats in Fiji. AB - Mange caused by Psoroptes cuniculi was first recognised in goats in Fiji in 1977. Of 33 widely separated herds examined 16 were infested 4 herds having the "extensive" type lesions in older goats. Treatment of the skin and superficial ear lesions with malathion or gamma-BHC was successful but mites survived in the proximal parts of the ear canal. Re-appearance of the mites following treatment was a common problem. PMID- 7368315 TI - Abortion in sheep near Kano, Nigeria. AB - A sporadic natural infection of sheep with Brucella abortus in a sheep breeding centre in Kano State, Nigeria, is reported. Sera and milk samples from the flock of Sudanese long- and fat-tailed sheep used for cross-breeding purposes were examined for brucellosis by the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT) and Milk Ring test (MRT) respectively. The overall positive reactor rate to SAT was 14.5%. All 22 ewe milk samples examined by MRT were positve and Brucella abortus was cultured from 5 of the 22 ewes sampled. This is believed to be the first report of bacteriological isolation of Brucella in sheep in Kano, Nigeria. PMID- 7368317 TI - A simple technique for the collection of brain samples for the diagnosis of heartwater. AB - A simple technique for the collection of brain samples for the post-mortem diagnosis of heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection) is described. A sharp spoon (curette) or teaspoon and a knife are the only instruments required. After the head has been removed from the body a sample of cerebellar cortex is collected with the spoon through the foramen occipitale, thus obviating the need for opening the skull itself. This diagnostic technique appears to be as reliable as the convenient technique of collecting samples from the cerebral cortex. PMID- 7368316 TI - Productivity of White Fulani cattle on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria. II. Nutritional factors. AB - The influence of nutritional factors on the productivity of traditionally managed White Fulani cattle herds on the Jos Plateau is described as part of a 2 1/2 year study. The observations made point to the effects of the poor nutrition obtained from natural fodders during the dry season as well as to gross overgrazing. The effect of limited dry season supplementation on productivity is illustrated. PMID- 7368318 TI - Prevalence of antibodies to Babesia bovis and Anaplasma marginale in dairy cattle in Bolivia. PMID- 7368319 TI - Phage typing of Mycobacterium kansasii. AB - An improved phage typing scheme of M. kansasii is presented. Ultrasonic treatment of the bacterial suspensions was successfully used in order to obtain homogeneous bacterial growth and to improve the reproducibility of the typing. By means of 9 phages 14 lysis patterns (phage types) could be distinguished. The phage typing was applied to 450 strains of Dutch, British and Czechoslovakian origin. The epidemiological relationships between environmental and clinical isolates of M. kansasii among the strains of Dutch and Czechoslovakian origin was confirmed by the results of phage typing. PMID- 7368320 TI - The occurrence of Mycobacterium kansasii in tapwater. AB - M. kansasii was demonstrated in tapwater in the city of Rotterdam. Out of 78 taps examined 6 times during 1 year, 49 per cent yielded M. kansasii at least once. Examination of over 100 samples of the mains water supply yielded only 1 positive sample. The data suggest colonization of the water systems within buildings by M. kansasii in particular places. Phage typing demonstrated human and tapwater isolates to belong to the same phage types. PMID- 7368321 TI - Correlation of the results of X-ray and sputum culture in tuberculosis prevalence surveys. AB - In the course of 6 tuberculosis prevalence surveys carried out in South Africa, 5477 persons were investigated by sputum culture and chest X-ray. The X-ray was reported to show evidence of tuberculosis in 723 cases, and of these the sputum culture was positive in only 100 (13.8%). The sputum culture was also positive in another 76 (1.5%) cases in which the chest X-ray was negative. The reasons for these discrepancies are discussed. PMID- 7368322 TI - Usefulness of picric acid-sauton agar medium for differentiating slowly growing mycobacteria from rapidly growing mycobacteria. AB - A modified Sauton agar medium containing 0.2% picric acid was useful for differentiating slowly growing mycobacteria from rapidly growing mycobacteria. Slowly growing mycobacteria, with the exception of Mycobacterium simiae, failed to grow on this medium. Rapidly growing mycobacteria, with the exception of Mycobacterium chelonei subsp. chelonei, grew on the medium. These 2 species may therefore be differentiated by the use of the picric acid medium. PMID- 7368323 TI - In-vitro antimycobacterial activity of minocycline. AB - Minocycline has been shown to exhibit in vitro antimycobacterial activity against almost all slowly growing, pathogenic mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium intracellular strains. Strains of M. intracellulare were inhibited in the presence of 6.3 micrograms/ml minocycline. PMID- 7368324 TI - In vitro susceptibility of atypical mycobacteria to cephalosporins. AB - The sensitivity of atypical mycobacteria to cephalosporins was investigated. Cephradine showed the highest degree of antimicrobial activity but further investigation is necessary to establish its clinical usefulness. PMID- 7368325 TI - Isoniazid toxicity and pyridoxine. PMID- 7368326 TI - [Fetal movements]. PMID- 7368327 TI - [Fetal movements in uncomplicated pregnancies]. PMID- 7368328 TI - [Fetal movements in pathologic pregnancies]. PMID- 7368329 TI - [Preoperative liver scanning in gastrointestinal cancer. Diagnostic value and therapeutic consequence]. PMID- 7368330 TI - [Demonstration of lymph nodes in mastectomy preparations. Method, number and localization]. PMID- 7368331 TI - [Postoperative hypoxemia in patients with cardiopulmonary disease]. PMID- 7368332 TI - [Acceptibility of offers of vasectomy control]. PMID- 7368334 TI - [Bilateral synostosis of the trapezoid and capitate bones in a patient with Turner's syndrome]. PMID- 7368333 TI - [Male sterilization with vasectomy. The effect of the operation on sex life]. PMID- 7368335 TI - [Tubal cancer. An early diagnosed case]. PMID- 7368336 TI - [Parathion poisoning. Atropine treatment]. PMID- 7368338 TI - [Outpatient group therapy in a psychiatric department]. PMID- 7368337 TI - [The course of problems in patients in a psychiatric ward from admission to discharge]. PMID- 7368339 TI - [Thermography in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in the lower extremities]. PMID- 7368340 TI - [Indomethacin inhibition of bumetanide diuresis]. PMID- 7368341 TI - [Urinary retention in herpes zoster]. PMID- 7368342 TI - [Contamination of glucose solutions in a surgical ward. Study of the frequency of contamination following addition of a phosphate buffer]. PMID- 7368343 TI - [Serial determinations of creatinine phosphokinase and estimation of the extent of myocardial infarct. Relation to cardiac insufficiency and working capacity in patients with acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7368344 TI - [Prevention of cerebral palsy by Vojta's method]. PMID- 7368345 TI - [Hypokalemia during carbenicillin treatment]. PMID- 7368346 TI - [Marfan's syndrome. A case with cardiovascular complications treated surgically]. PMID- 7368347 TI - [Can cerebral palsy high risk infants be prevented by timely use of Vojta's treatment method?]. PMID- 7368349 TI - [Prevention of surgical wound infections]. PMID- 7368348 TI - [Clozapine]. PMID- 7368350 TI - [Education of X-ray assistants in Greenland]. PMID- 7368351 TI - [Cooperation between schools and adolescent psychiatric department from May 1973 to May 1978]. PMID- 7368352 TI - [Experience with a duty roster of dentists on call in the emergency department of Gentofte hospital in Copenhagen]. PMID- 7368353 TI - [Evoked responses as a diagnostic tool in neurological diseases]. PMID- 7368354 TI - [Fibronectin]. PMID- 7368355 TI - [Hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors in Danish dentists]. PMID- 7368356 TI - [Bougie therapy of benign esophageal strictures]. PMID- 7368357 TI - [Complications following amniocentesis in the second trimester. Significance of the localization of the placenta]. PMID- 7368358 TI - [Screening for bacteriuria in pregnancy]. PMID- 7368359 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica incidence among patients with acute abdomen. A prospective study from general practice]. PMID- 7368360 TI - [Primary amyloidosis with diffuse alveolar septal pulmonary changes. A clinically diagnosed case report]. PMID- 7368361 TI - [What do we know about the child with heart murmurs?]. PMID- 7368362 TI - [Alcoholism in general practice]. PMID- 7368363 TI - [Decisions concerning applications for termination of pregnancy during the period from 1 April 1970 to 31 March 1979]. PMID- 7368364 TI - [Trade safety board no. 11. Social- and health services]. PMID- 7368365 TI - [The Eos syndrome. Comments to the commission for the aged]. PMID- 7368366 TI - [Rectal prolapse surgically treated by Ripstein's method]. PMID- 7368367 TI - [Type III hyperlipoproteinemia. A review and clinical and biochemical findings in 11 patients]. PMID- 7368368 TI - [Insertion of a coil (Gravigard) in induced abortion]. PMID- 7368369 TI - [Recurrent infarction and extent of infarction in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7368370 TI - [External urinary collection with Urihesive and Uridrop]. PMID- 7368371 TI - [Delayed cutaneous irradiation injuries. Warning against radiotherapy of benign skin conditions]. PMID- 7368372 TI - [Uveitis and infections with Yersinia enterocolitica]. PMID- 7368373 TI - [What do we know about the child with acute diarrhea]. PMID- 7368374 TI - [Responsibilities for the savings in the health care]. PMID- 7368375 TI - [Social factors and social environment of children seen by the general practitioner.I.Methods, materials and the childhood environment]. PMID- 7368377 TI - [Medical education in Denmark]. PMID- 7368376 TI - [Social factors and social environment of children seen by the general practitioner. II. Form of contact and chronic disease in the children]. PMID- 7368378 TI - [Dopamine]. PMID- 7368379 TI - [Dopamine given to patients after open-heart surgery. A retrospective study with 3 case reports]. PMID- 7368380 TI - [Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of dopamine after uncomplicated open heart surgery]. PMID- 7368381 TI - [Dopamine therapy in severe barbiturate poisoning]. PMID- 7368382 TI - [Cerebral infarction and transient cerebral ischemia in patients with mitral prolapse. Review of the literature illustrated by a case report]. PMID- 7368383 TI - [Diagnostic value of CT-scanning in skull injuries]. PMID- 7368384 TI - [Significance of N-acetyltransferase phenotype in development of bladder neoplasms]. PMID- 7368385 TI - [Bilateral rupture of the Achilles tendon]. PMID- 7368386 TI - [What do we know about--the child with asthmatic bronchitis?]. PMID- 7368387 TI - [New classification of drugs. The Medical list and the Drug catalogue are introduced in Anatomical--Therapeutic--Chemical classification code (ACT-code) in 1981]. PMID- 7368388 TI - [Nordic biomedical manuscripts and uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals]. PMID- 7368389 TI - [Sexual dysfunction in a general practice. Study of 40 women and 40 men in the age-group 26-45 years]. PMID- 7368390 TI - [Extra-auditive effects of noise]. PMID- 7368391 TI - [Sterilization of women. A 5 year material]. PMID- 7368392 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the size of the liver]. PMID- 7368393 TI - [Heart arrest, mortality and prognosis]. PMID- 7368394 TI - [The effect and acceptibility of treatment of acute attacts of migraine in a headache clinic]. PMID- 7368395 TI - [Liver involvement after treatment with naproxen]. PMID- 7368396 TI - [Thrombocytopenia during treatment with sulphamethoxazole with trimethoprim]. PMID- 7368397 TI - [Accidental effect of podophyllin on the cornea]. PMID- 7368398 TI - [Nitoman treatment of hyperkinesis]. PMID- 7368399 TI - [Sterilization of women--not as effective or harmless as assumed]. PMID- 7368400 TI - [Battered wives]. PMID- 7368401 TI - [Social classifications. 1. Review, concepts and criteria of choice]. PMID- 7368402 TI - [Traffic injuries on Faeroe Islands in 1978. A prospective study of traffic injured patients treated in hospital or admitted to National Hospital, Torshavn in 1978]. PMID- 7368403 TI - [pH in fetal capillary blood during electronically monitored deliveries]. PMID- 7368404 TI - [Hydrostatic pressure treatment of severe bladder hemorrhage]. PMID- 7368406 TI - [Injuries resulting from motor-bicycle accidents. A material from a casualty department]. PMID- 7368405 TI - [Toilet-seat dermatitis. Infragluteal eczema]. PMID- 7368407 TI - [Villous adenomas in the sigmoid colon and rectum associated with severe electrolyte imbalance]. PMID- 7368408 TI - [Hyponatremia induced by hyperlipemia]. PMID- 7368409 TI - [Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs in human feces. A case report from Denmark]. PMID- 7368410 TI - [Methylmalonacidemia]. PMID- 7368411 TI - [Significance at the wrong moment]. PMID- 7368412 TI - [Emepronium (Cetiprin). An urinary bladder specific parasympatholytic]. PMID- 7368413 TI - [Notifications of occupational diseases in the County of Arhus]. PMID- 7368415 TI - [Children's safety in traffic]. PMID- 7368414 TI - [Social classification. II. Stalastoga's subdivision according to social status rank and the social grouping employed by the Institute for Social Research]. PMID- 7368416 TI - Advances in ultrasound mammography: remote focus arc scanning. PMID- 7368417 TI - Structural and functional changes in the cochlea following ultrasonic irradiation. PMID- 7368418 TI - Further studies of the transkull transmission of an intense focused ultrasonic beam: lesion production at 500 kHz. PMID- 7368419 TI - The place of real-time and static B-mode scanning in obstetric practice. PMID- 7368420 TI - Physiological interpretation of Doppler-shift waveforms--I. Theoretical considerations. PMID- 7368422 TI - The Australian Diploma of Diagnostic Ultrasound. PMID- 7368421 TI - Ultrasound for medical diagnosis in the provinces of Hopei, Shantung, Kiangsu and Shanghai in the People's Republic of China. PMID- 7368423 TI - [Traumatic medullary hemorrhage]. PMID- 7368424 TI - [Use of the interlocking nail for the treatment of distal diaphyseal fractures of the lower leg (author's transl)]. PMID- 7368425 TI - [Biomechanical investigations of the 4.5 mm ASIF cortical screw used as a lag screw. 2. Dependence of holding force on bone type, cortex thickness, and age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7368426 TI - [Surgical treatment of bone and joint injuries of the shoulder--a limited indication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7368428 TI - [Avoidable errors in the bending and twisting of bone plates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7368427 TI - [Technique and results of knee arthroplasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 7368429 TI - [Chondrosarcoma of the distal fibula and plastic treatment of the upper ankle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7368430 TI - [Urinary fibrinolytis activity and the blood coagulation system in chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7368432 TI - [Clinical and pathomorphological study of Balkan endemic nephropathy]. PMID- 7368431 TI - [Changes in peripheral red blood in chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7368433 TI - [Determination of magnesium in urinary filtrate as a diagnostic test of renal form of primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 7368434 TI - [Renal form of primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 7368435 TI - [Surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 7368436 TI - [New standardized curriculum for postgraduate training in urology]. PMID- 7368437 TI - [Treatment of chronic prostatitis at the "Shklo" health resort]. PMID- 7368439 TI - [Kidney resection in cancer]. PMID- 7368438 TI - [Surgical treatment of urethro-rectal fistula]. PMID- 7368440 TI - [Osmoregulating function of the kidneys in chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7368442 TI - [Blood serum immunoglobulin level in chronic renal insufficiency treated by hemodialysis]. PMID- 7368441 TI - [Urinary tract drainage after replacement of the bladder with intestinal transplant]. PMID- 7368443 TI - [Foreign body simulating cystic kidney]. PMID- 7368445 TI - [Cryogenic surgery of condylomata acuminata in men with the aid of KD-3 autonomic cryocatheter]. PMID- 7368444 TI - [Complete stable recovery after combined treatment of testicular teratoblastoma with multiple metastases into the retroperitoneal lymph nodes]. PMID- 7368446 TI - [Acute urinary retention in vaginal fibroma]. PMID- 7368447 TI - [Results and the choice of method in the surgical correction of vesicopyelic reflux in children]. PMID- 7368448 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of combined ureterovesicovaginal fistulae]. PMID- 7368449 TI - [Diagnosis of acute testicular diseases in children and their therapeutic procedure]. PMID- 7368450 TI - [Megaureter in children]. PMID- 7368451 TI - [Torsion of the hydatids of Morgagni in boys]. PMID- 7368452 TI - [Use of dimexide drug mixtures in treating chronic postatitis]. PMID- 7368453 TI - [Case of chyluria in urological practice]. PMID- 7368454 TI - [Suppurative cavernitis as a complication of a saphenous-cavernous anastomosis in priapism]. PMID- 7368455 TI - [Characteristics of congenital hydronephrosis in children]. PMID- 7368456 TI - The influence of age and plasma glucagon on renal clearance of 99mTc-DTPA (Sn). PMID- 7368457 TI - Altered distribution of acid phosphatase in neoplastic prostatic cells. PMID- 7368458 TI - Prophylaxis of FANFT induced bladder tumours in rats by intravesical DNCB instillation. PMID- 7368459 TI - Animal experiments on reanastomosis of the vas deferens using fibrin glue. PMID- 7368460 TI - Changes in the aerobic bacterial flora in the urinary tract of patients with long term indwelling Foley catheters. PMID- 7368461 TI - Effects on body elemental composition of prophylactic diuretic treatment of urinary lithiasis. PMID- 7368462 TI - Filterable cell-associated cryptic bacterial forms in immunologic renal diseases. AB - Blood and urine derived from patients with certain types of nephritis contain filterable (0.22 mu.) bacterial forms, which heretofore have not been considered as possible etiologic agents in those diseases. Furthermore, these cryptic bacterial forms are overlooked by conventional culture techniques. It is hypothesized that the organisms and/or host-cell-variant-bacterial antigen complexes could be the initiators of immunopathologic events in various types of immunologic renal diseases. PMID- 7368464 TI - [Characteristics of clinical course, diagnosis and the method of removal of wooden orbital foreign bodies]. PMID- 7368463 TI - [Comparative evaluation of cataract cryoextraction with the use of the microsurgical and ordinary technics]. PMID- 7368465 TI - [Fixation of lower eyelid with a lyophilized homofascia in anophthalmos]. PMID- 7368466 TI - [Vision dimming by cylindrical lenses and the use of this method for treating accommodation spasm]. PMID- 7368467 TI - [Remote results of surgical treatment of retinal detachment and subsequent rehabilitation]. PMID- 7368468 TI - [Optico-ciliary anastomoses in optic nerve tumors]. PMID- 7368470 TI - [Experience in treating chronic recurrent endogenous uveitis]. PMID- 7368469 TI - [Relationship between intraocular pressure and blood pressure in the orbital artery and retinal capillaries of athletes during training]. PMID- 7368471 TI - [Intravenous anesthesia with sodium oxybate in pediatric ophthalmological surgery]. PMID- 7368472 TI - [Psychometric examination of visual acuity]. PMID- 7368473 TI - [Effect of exercises for increasing the dissociation between accommodation and convergence on the state of accommodative and fusion convergence]. PMID- 7368474 TI - [Comparative evaluation of refractometers of different types]. PMID- 7368475 TI - [Normal indicators of circular static perimetry in the Bjerrum's zone]. PMID- 7368476 TI - [Cosmetic eye prosthesis]. PMID- 7368477 TI - [Various mechanisms of adaptation of the visual analyzer to climatic and geographic conditions of the Far East]. PMID- 7368479 TI - [Methods of local cortisone therapy]. PMID- 7368478 TI - [Vasodilative effect of halidor administered at different periods to patients with glaucoma]. PMID- 7368480 TI - [Electric burns with an open injury to the cavities and parenchymatous organs]. PMID- 7368481 TI - [Acute thrombosis of the subclavian artery as a consequence of a closed clavicular fracture]. PMID- 7368482 TI - ["Hernia" of the politeal fossa (Baker's cyst)]. PMID- 7368483 TI - [Traumatic avulsion of the lower extremity together with half of the pelvis]. PMID- 7368484 TI - [Acid-forming function of the stomach in liver diseases and extrahepatic blockade of the portal circulation in children before and after surgical treatment]. AB - The gastric juice acidity was analyzed in 6 healthy children and 46 children with different diseases of the liver and portal system. The method of fractional intubation or acidotest was used. It was established that the drop of the stimulated gastric secretion in patients with chronic diseases of the liver was dependent on the degree of the hepatocyte lesion rather than on the concomitant portal hypertension. In the extrahepatic blockade of the portal blood circulation the gastric juice secretion was either normal or high. A relationship was found between the activity of the stimulated gastric juice secretion and gastro esophageal hemorrhages. Splenectomy resulted in higher stimulated gastric secretion while the Tanner operation distinctly inhibited it for a long period (up to 3 years). PMID- 7368485 TI - [Diagnostic value of fiber endoscopy in surgical diseases of the upper portions of the gastrointestinal tract in newborn infants]. AB - The author analyzes 82 fibroendoscopic examinations of the upper parts of the gastro-intestinal tract in 65 newborns with surgical diseases of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum. The main group-44 patients-consisted of infants with a vomiting syndrome. Fibroendoscopy revealed a pathology of the cardial zone in 27 patients and pylorostenosis in 17 patients. The atropine test during performing endoscopy proposed by the author makes the diagnosis of the functional and organic pathology of the pyloric part of the stomach considerably simpler and quicker and allows avoiding the X-ray examination. PMID- 7368486 TI - [Recurrence of primary peritonitis in children]. AB - For eight years 63 children with primary peritonitis were observed in the children surgical department. After 2-3 hours of preoperative preparation all the patients were operated under general anesthesia by the Volkovich - Djakonov suture with removal of the vermiform process. The conservative treatment included the intravenous and intramuscular injections of wide-spectrum antibiotics, desintoxication and desensibilization drugs, complex of vitamins in injections, physiotherapy. The conservative treatment in recurrences of primary peritonitis in children is possible at early admission of the patients to the hospital. PMID- 7368487 TI - [Treatment of anal sphincter insufficiency combined with cicatricial deformation of the anorectal area in children]. AB - Under observation were 22 children. Most of them were subjected to repeated operations in other medical institutions for anorectal defects and their complications. Different reconstructive-reparative operations were used depending on the character of the injury of the external sphincter. The results were mostly favourable. PMID- 7368488 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of closed, combined injuries of the kidneys in children]. AB - Under study were associated lesions of kidneys in 164 patients admitted to the hospital of emergency medical service with the closed injury of the kidneys. Symptoms of injury of other organs and shock of different degree prevailed in the clinical picture of 45 children. Novocaine blockade and active infusion therapy were used to abolish shock reactions. To diagnoze the injuries of kidneys laparoscopy and dynamic scintigraphy were used in addition to urgent urography. Operations were performed on 25 patients, 15 patients died, 4 of which were not operated upon in view of the critical state. Most of dead patients (14) had multiple injuries. PMID- 7368489 TI - [Surgical treatment of hypospadias in children by a modified method]. AB - The modified method of surgery was used in 48 patients aged 4 to 15. Urethra plasty was fulfilled in 43 patients. The 2nd step of urethroplasty in 3 patients was complicated by formation of point fistulas caused by suture suppuration in 2 patients and by a failed operation technique in 1 patient. The main advantage of this method is creation of supply of skin necessary for urethroplasty and different disposition of the internal and external sutures which prevents complications in the postoperative period. PMID- 7368490 TI - [Comprehensive treatment of acute hematogenic osteomyelitis in newborn and young infants by using dimexide and HBO therapy]. AB - Dimexid and HBO-therapy were used in the complex treatment of 129 newborns and infants with epiphysial and metaepiphysial osteomyelitis. The use of HBO-therapy and dimexid in the complex treatment of acute hematogenic osteomyelitis gave positive therapeutic effect in all the patients. The general condition improved, blood indices both general and biochemical became normal. X-ray analysis showed less destruction and more rapid reparative processes in the bones. PMID- 7368491 TI - [Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in children by means of closed lavage of the bone cavity]. AB - The bone cavity left after radical sequester- and necrectomy was treated by the method of closed lavage. The procedure of the bone cavity drainage is proposed consisting in bringing a tube to the bone cavity through a separate cutter opening. An autograft from the site of access to the focus is used for closing the cortical defect left after radical operation. The method of closed lavage was used in 68 patients on 72 foci. Recovery was noted after 65 operations, recurrences-after 7 operations, (9,7%). PMID- 7368492 TI - [Diagnosis of teratodermoid formations of the mediastinum]. AB - Under analysis were 35 patients with terato-dermoid formations of the mediastinum. The symptoms and their diagnosis are described. The author came to a conclusion that terato-dermoid formations being usually localized in the anterior mediastinum close to the heart and large vessels often caused disorders in the functional state of the cardio-vascular system. Investigation of the phasic structure of the left ventricle activity in patients with terato-dermoid tumors of the mediastinum showed that these patients had a hypodynamic syndrome requiring corrigent therapy prior to operation. PMID- 7368493 TI - [Posttraumatic chronic pleural empyema in a child]. PMID- 7368494 TI - [Perforative biliary peritonitis in an infant 1 year 2 months old]. PMID- 7368495 TI - [Penetrating bullet wound of the abdomen in a 6-year-old child]. PMID- 7368496 TI - [Combined gunshot wound with multiple internal organ injuries in a child]. PMID- 7368497 TI - [Congenital abdominal synorchidism]. PMID- 7368498 TI - [Treatment of anaerobic pleuropulmonary diseases]. PMID- 7368499 TI - [Indications for lobectomy with resection and plastic repair of the bronchi in lung cancer]. PMID- 7368500 TI - [Indications for the surgical treatment of chronic nonspecific lung diseases in the elderly]. AB - The observations of 37 elderly patients operated on for nonspecific pulmonary diseases have shown that surgery may be successfully used when there are no pronounced aged changes and the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are in satisfactory condition. The postopertive mortality rate equaled 10,8%. After pulmonectomy it was 5,5 times higher than afterportal resection of the lung. PMID- 7368501 TI - [Practical importance of topography of the main stomach vessels and nerves in performing organ-preserving and organ-sparing operations]. AB - Variations in the structure of vagus nerves studied in 264 organocomplexes of corpses were compared with the data obtained during operations on 122 patients subjected to different modifications of vagotomy. The use of the obtained anatomotopographic picture of the gastric vessels and nerves permitted preserving not only the organ operated upon but also provided the completely undisturbed innervation and blood supply of the stomach and adjacent organs. The results of examination of 176 patients subjected to proximal selective vagotomy and transverse resection of the stomach with the preserved pyloric constrictor showed that at most preserved vascularization and innervation permit to avoid incompetent sutures of anastomosis, its stenosis, dumping syndrome, gastric atonia and diskinesia of biliary ducts. PMID- 7368502 TI - [Medical ethics]. PMID- 7368503 TI - [Functional disorder of the small intestine in the genesis of intoxication in acute experimental suppurative peritonitis]. PMID- 7368504 TI - [Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7368505 TI - [Primary extraperitoneal resection of the sigmoid]. AB - The procedure developed by T. V. Shaak was used in operations on 38 patients. Lethal outcomes occurred in 2 of them aged 42 and 76. The analysis of late results showed that extraperitoneal localization of anastomosis failed to exert negative influences upon the colon function and disjunction of sutures in the field of anastomosis did not result in the development of diffuse peritonitis. The fecal fistulas can be closed either spontaneously or by surgery. PMID- 7368506 TI - [Prognosis of the development of postoperative complications in cancer of the colon and rectum]. AB - Method of correlation and regression analysis in a computor was used which enabled the authors to make a formula of the relationship between the development of complications after radical operations for carcinoma of the colon and rectum (583 patients). The authors have made a classification of the degrees of complication risk which is sufficiently simple for practical use. PMID- 7368507 TI - [Diagnosis and therapeutic procedure in mechanical jaundice]. AB - The authors have analyzed results of the treatment of 234 patients with obturation jaundice. In half of thepatients jaundice was caused by stones in the common bile duct. Frequently jaundice was caused by cancer of the pancreas head, stenosing papillitis, chronic pancreatitis. Transduodenal transcapillary choledochopancreatography should be included into the complex preoperative examination for earlier diagnosis of the disease. This method gives timely diagnosis of mechanical jaundice and hence results in earlier surgical intervention. PMID- 7368508 TI - [Diagnostic potentials of angiography in mechanical jaundice]. AB - Angiography of the celiac artery and its branches was used in patients with mechanical jaundice of different etiology. This method gave the correct preoperative diagnosis in 85.1% of patients. In cases of tumors of the pancreas head, Fater's papilla, gall bladder, cholelithiasis accompanied by mechanical jaundice characteristic angiographic features or their combinations were revealed. PMID- 7368509 TI - [Lymphovenous anastomosis in correcting for ascites in liver cirrhosis]. AB - In 26 of 30 patients operated for ascitis in cirrhosis of the liver cervical lymphovenous anastomosis was performed. It gave positive effects on the treatment of ascitis in cirrhosis of the liver in cases when the purposeful complex of conservative measures was little effective. When ascitis is associated with varicose veins the authors recommend to combine lympho-venous anastomosis with temporary drainage of the duct by bringing the catheter onto the skin through the lympho-venous anastomosis and the jugular vein. PMID- 7368510 TI - [Method of reinfusing ascitic fluid]. AB - A mode of reinfusion of the ascitic fluid is described as combined with a simultaneous forcing of diuresis by the use of several diuretics of different action mechanisms. The results of the treatment of 20 patients with cirrhosis with edemo-ascitic syndrome are described. The treatment resulted in an increased diuresis, improved protein and electrolytic composition of the blood. A relatively stable liquidation of the edema-ascitic syndrome has been achieved. PMID- 7368511 TI - [Significance of dislocation of the intrahepatic bile ducts in opisthorchiasis]. AB - Clinico-anatomical examination of 547 patients with chronic opisthorchiasis has revealed the dislocation of intrahepatic biliary ducts onto the gallbladder wall and into the prolonged left triangular ligament of the liver. The authors believe that in order to prevent biliary peritonitis after operation on the organs of the upper part of the abdominal cavity, the ducts should not be injured during the operation, they should be ligated prior to cholecystectomy and section of the left triangular ligament. PMID- 7368512 TI - [Blood serum protein spectrum and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes as indices of the liver functional state in acute diffuse peritonitis]. AB - The protein spectrum and isoenzymes of blood serum lactatedehydrogenase were studied in 40 patients with acute surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity organs complicated by peritonitis and in 10 experimental animals. A substantial disturbance of the protein and isoenzyme spectrum was revealed suggesting deep disturbances of the liver function. The results obtained may be used for diagnosis, prognosis and pathogenetic therapy of the hepatic insufficiency. PMID- 7368513 TI - [Nonorganic tumors of the retroperitoneal space]. AB - The investigation performed gave the impression that only early diagnosis of tumors in the retroperitoneal space of non-organic genesis could give the timely and radical treatment. The authors believe that the dynamic observation, diagnosis and surgical treatment of relapses will give considerably better remote results. PMID- 7368515 TI - [Unavoidable thoracotomies in general surgical practice]. AB - The indications, technique and supply of urgent thoracotomies in the general surgical practice are substantiated as based on the results of treatment of 56 patients with severe traumas and acute sequellae of purulent processes of thoracic organs. Major attention is paid to difficulties in diagnosis of the character and size of the injuries of internal organs in patients with multiple traumas. PMID- 7368514 TI - [Change in the lymphatic vessels in edema of the lower extremities]. AB - Direct intravital lymphography with iodolipol-ether mixture was performed in 59 patients with congenital and acquired edemas of the extremities. The lymphograms showed anatomo-functional changes of lymphatic vessels in congenital (13 patients) and acquired (46 patients) forms of lymphostasis. PMID- 7368516 TI - [Intraosseous blood pressure in occlusive arterial diseases of the extremities]. AB - The intaosseous blood pressure was studied in 78 patients with occlusion diseases of the extremity arteries. It was established that the intraosseous blood pressure of the 1st stage varied within the range of the lower and upper limits of normal values, that of the 2nd and 3d stages was increased, and at the 4th stage the intraosseous pressure was decreased. PMID- 7368517 TI - [Experience in the clinical use of vein grafts from the umbilical cord of newborn infants for arterioplasty]. AB - The work analyzes the first experience of clinical using the xenograft from the neonatal umbilical cord vein for different kinds of arterial plasty in chronic occlusion diseases. For a year 19 patients were operated. In most cases the femoropopliteal shunting or prosthetics above or under the knee joint was made. The observations continued from 3 till 13 months. PMID- 7368518 TI - [Use of novosept in surgical operations]. AB - For 15 years now the participants of surgical operations have been using novasept for the treatment of hand and operation fields. Novasept contains synthetic cationactive substances and superficially active substances which moisten the skin and penetrate the pores. The drug possesses high bactericidal action and does not irritate the skin. PMID- 7368519 TI - [Hypervolemic hemodilution in surgical blood loss]. AB - Two quantitative variants of the procedure recommended for use in accordance with the volume of blood loss were developed on the basis of results of the employment of hypervolemic hemodilution in surgical blood loss in 433 patients. Clinico physiological analysis showed hypervolemic hemodilution to be responsible for optimization of hemodynamic regimen under conditions of surgical blood loss at the expense of stimulation of heterometrical mechanism of control of the minute volume of blood circulation. PMID- 7368520 TI - [Acute appendicitis and mesenteric cyst of the appendix]. PMID- 7368521 TI - [Complication of peridural anesthesia]. PMID- 7368522 TI - [Classification of trochanteric fractures of the femur]. PMID- 7368523 TI - Canine parvoviral myocarditis: a morphologic description of the natural disease. AB - Naturally occurring acute parvoviral myocarditis in puppies 3 to 8 weeks of age was characterised clinically by sudden death or death following a brief period of dyspnoea. Mortality within litters varied from 20% to 100%. The principal lesion was in the myocardium, which in most cases was mottled by pale patches and bands. Moderate to severe pulmonary oedema with marked peribronchial and perivascular oedema was present. In some cases, the wall of the gall bladder was oedematous. Microscopically the ventricular myocardium had myofibre loss, multifocal myofibre necrosis, a mononuclear cell infiltrate of variable intensity and reactive stromal elements. In every case there were Feulgen-positive, amphophilic, and reactive stromal elements. In every case there were Feulgen-positive, amphophilic, intranuclear inclusion bodies in myocardial nuclei. Ultrastructurally the inclusions were composed of dense granular material and particles resembling parvovirions. Pulmonary alveolar septae were thickened by fibroblasts. Peribronchial and perivascular lymphatics were distended with oedema fluid and occasionally erythrocytes. The pulmonary lesions were considered secondary to the myocardial dysfunction. Some of the puppies that survived the acute disease developed ventricular myocardial fibrosis and died in congestive heart failure. PMID- 7368524 TI - A locomotor disorder clinically similar to spastic paresis in an adult Friesian bull. AB - A 5-year-old Friesian stud bull developed a progressive locomotor disorder on return to stud after a period of rest. He had defects in conformation exacerbated by poor condition. The hind limbs were excessively straight. When he stood or moved, the Achilles tendons and their associated muscles were rigid. The disorder clinically resembled spastic paresis of calves. Necropsy showed a degenerative arthropathy in all hind limb joints below the hip. Lesions were also in tendons and skeletal muscles. The M. flexor digitorum superficialis had severe type II cell atrophy with many ring, lobulated and moth-eaten type I cells. PMID- 7368525 TI - Infiltrative lipoma in dogs. AB - Infiltrative lipomas, similar to those described in man, were diagnosed in 12 dogs of various breeds, sexes, and ages. The neoplasms were poorly delineated, soft enlargements in muscle and connective tissue that caused dysfunction because of mechanical interference or pressure pain. The neoplasms consisted of differentiated fat cells that had infiltrated between or replaced muscle, collagen fibers or both. Single or multiple recurrences followed surgical removal in four of eight dogs: no follow-up was possible in the other four. PMID- 7368526 TI - Ultrastructure of renal lesions in pigs with acute leptospirosis caused by Leptospira pomona. AB - Twelve 4-day old, pathogen-free pigs were inoculated intraperitoneally with virulent L. pomona. Two pigs each were killed 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after inoculation and their kidneys examined by light and electron microscopy. Three to 5 days after inoculation there was hyperemia, edema and swelling of tubular epithelium; leptospires were detected intravascularly, in interstitium and embedded within basement membranes. At day 7, leptospires were at basal surfaces of proximal tubules and in phagosomes in tubular epithelium. Perivascular aggregates of monocytes and macrophages were prominent. At day 14, intersitial cells were chiefly plasmacytes and lymphocytes. Leptospires were only on tubular epithelial cell surface microvilli. In another experiment, all pigs receiving low virulent strains had leptospires in the renal interstitium at 7 days after inoculation but had none at 14 days. All low-virulent strains produced degenerative changes and lymphocyte-plasmacytic infiltration. These studies indicate that non of the low-virulent isolates were acceptable for use in vaccines. Fialure of leptospires to remain attached to microvilli of proximal tubules in late stages of acute infection may be related to differences in virulence of various isolates. PMID- 7368527 TI - Ultrastructure of pancreatic tumors induced in Syrian hamsters by N-nitroso-2,6 dimethylmorpholine. AB - Tumors of the pancreas diagnosed as duct carcinomas and adenomas were induced in Syrian hamsters by intragastric administration of N-nitroso-2,6 dimethylmorpholine (2,6-DMNM). The ultrastructure of the well differentiated tumor cells reflected the morphology of normal duct epithelia while such features were less conspicuous in poorly differentiated neoplasms. Under the light and electron microscopes, the pancreatic tumors closely resembled those induced by N nitroso-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine. PMID- 7368528 TI - Morphological studies of front limb deformities in lambs. AB - Long bones of 16 3- to 6-month-old lambs with bowed forelimbs underwent radiologic, microradiographic and histologic examinations. The distal ends of the radii showed a combination of valgus, flexion and internal rotation. There were thin cortical bone and large marrow cavity adjacent to the growth plate in the radii and metacarpi. Histological studies showed increased numbers of osteoclasts adjacent to the zone of calcified cartilage of the growth plate. The trabeculae of primary and secondary spongiosa were fewer and thinner than those of controls. The length of secondary spongiosa were greatly reduced and the lateral compaction of the metaphysis was defective. The growth plate was normal. The predominant finding was osteoporosis resulting from increased osteoclastic resorption of bone trabeculae. PMID- 7368529 TI - The distribution of immunoglobulin in the respiratory tract of sheep. AB - IgM was the main immunoglobulin seen by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques in the nasal and bronchial glands of lambs before suckling. After suckling IgG was found in tissues at all levels of the respiratory tract. Some IgA also was found after suckling but there was little evidence of transport into secretion. In adult sheep IgA -and IgG-containing cells were found in nearly equal numbers in the nasal mucosa but IgA cells exceeded by 2.5:1 in the bronchial mucosa and by 2:1 in the lung. IgA cells usually outnumbered IgM cells by more than 3:1 in all tissues. The numbers of all three classes of immunoglobulin-containing cells increased in sheep with chronic respiratory disease and, although the IgA;IgG ration was reduced, IgA remained the major locally secreted immunoglobulin. Cytoplasmic staining of epithelial cells for IgA and IgM was seen most frequently in proliferating areas which suggested that immature cells were engaged actively in immunoglobulin transport. PMID- 7368530 TI - Choroid plexus carcinoma with meningeal carcinomatosis in a dog. PMID- 7368531 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus in a goat. PMID- 7368532 TI - Testicular adenocarcinoma in a ram. PMID- 7368533 TI - A year's in practice. PMID- 7368534 TI - Some observations on the incidence of lameness in dairy cattle in Somerset. AB - A three year study of practice records of lame cows and meteorological data on rainfall suggests a correlation between rainfall and incidence of lameness in dairy cattle. Over a 12 month period requests to treat lameness in 1256 cattle were received by one six-person practice and were the subject of a detailed survey. The incidence on the 150 farms where lameness was recorded was 7.33 per cent, 92.2 per cent of lameness occurring in the foot. White line disease (34.9 per cent), pricked sole (20.4 per cent), foul in the foot (14.3 per cent) ulcerated sole (11.4 per cent), and foreign body (4.8 per cent) accounted for 85.8 per cent of the 927 recorded foot lesions. Hind feet lameness appeared more common in older cows, but this was not shown to be the case with front foot lameness. Lameness also appeared to be most common in early lactation and of relatively low incidence in the dry period. The seasonal distribution differed between the lesions, ulcerated sole being more common February to May, foul in the foot and white line separation in the autumn, and white line abscess and pricked sole in the autumn and winter months. PMID- 7368535 TI - Massive scrotal swelling in two unusual cases of canine sertoli-cell tumour. AB - Two cases of Sertoli-cell tumour in dogs in which the presenting sign was a partially reducible scrotal swelling are described. In one animal intravenous extension of the tumour had led to varicosity of the testicular vein while lymphatic extension had resulted in the formation of both sublumbar and intrathoracic growths. In the second animal there was massive hydrocoele and some varicosity of the distal testicular vein and there was again lymphatic spread with tumours in the sublumbar lymph nodes and the spleen. Both animals showed changes considered to be evidence of feminisation. PMID- 7368536 TI - Endocardial cushion defects in a litter of malignant hyperthermia-susceptible pigs. PMID- 7368538 TI - Spirochaetes in medicated early weaned pigs. PMID- 7368537 TI - The isolation of aerotolerant Campylobacter. PMID- 7368539 TI - EDS 76 in broiler breeder flocks. PMID- 7368540 TI - [Diagnosis of rare lung diseases]. PMID- 7368541 TI - [Differentiated x-ray function study of the lungs]. PMID- 7368542 TI - [Asymmetric ventilation in bronchial obstruction and its x-ray differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7368544 TI - [Electroroentgenography of the chest cavity organs in the early periods after an operation on the lungs]. PMID- 7368543 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of pathological changes in the lungs in the acute period of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7368545 TI - [Electroroentgenography potentials in studying patients in the early periods after thoracic operations]. PMID- 7368546 TI - [X-ray picture of the lungs in the late periods after lung cancer treatment]. PMID- 7368547 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical and x-ray picture of acute pneumonia in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 7368548 TI - [Massive pulmonary artery embolism]. PMID- 7368549 TI - [Possibilities of contrastless roentgenography in the topical diagnosis of aortic coarctation in young children]. PMID- 7368550 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of the incompetence of esaphagointestinal and esophagogastric anastomoses]. PMID- 7368552 TI - [Apropos of N. M. Ugnenko's article, "X-ray Changes and Variants in the Position of the Medial Surface Lymphatic Collector of the Lower Extremities in Chronic Venous Insufficiency"]. PMID- 7368551 TI - [Rare-earth, 2d-generation image enhancement screens and their use in x-ray study of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 7368553 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of broncholithiasis]. PMID- 7368554 TI - [Case of staphylococcal pneumonia in a patient who had had infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7368555 TI - [Television transformation and analysis of electroroentgenograms]. PMID- 7368556 TI - [Use of electroroentgenography in a central district hospital]. PMID- 7368557 TI - [Semiautomatic machine for photoprocessing roll fluorographic film]. PMID- 7368558 TI - [Method of determining the necessary intervals in the cyclical operation of the tube in the fluorography mode]. PMID- 7368559 TI - [Functional properties of parallel fibred connective tissue with special regard to viscoelasticity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7368560 TI - Vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure in the development of accelerated vascular disease. AB - The pathogenesis of acute vascular lesions has been studied in two types of accelerated vascular disease. Firstly, vascular lesions were induced by a short term (2 h) infusion of angiotensin II. Low doses of angiotensin II caused only a slight increase in blood pressure and non-destructive lesions. High doses caused a significant elevation of blood pressure and destructive vascular lesions. Secondly, in renovascular hypertension, renal vascular disease was induced by the removal of the stenosing clip from the renal artery. Incidence and severity of destructive vascular lesions were correlated with the calculated gradient between the pressure before and beyond the stenosis. Anaesthesia had a protective effect on the development of destructive vascular lesions in both models. Obviously, this effect is not related to a reduction of the systemic pressure, but rather to the suppression of abnormal vascular tone, characterized by focal constriction alternating with overdilation. Vasomotor changes, which cause a local overdilation, may be responsible for destructive vascular lesions even at normal to subnormal blood-pressure values. Destructive vascular lesions occur as a result of the exceeding of a critical wall tension. The necrosis of medial smooth muscle cells in non-destructive lesions may be explained by an excessive contraction, which "surpasses" the metabolic capacity of the cells. PMID- 7368561 TI - [Spermatocytic seminoma. Study of 8 cases and review of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - Spermatocytic seminoma is a distinct testicular germ cell tumor. Eight cases are described, one is examined by electron microscopy and 65 from the literature are reviewed. The most pertinent ultrastructural findings are the intercellular bridges which indicate maturation toward the spermatocytic cell line. They also give validity to the hypothesis that spermatocytic seminoma is derived from spermatogonia or spermatocytes. This neoplasm has distinct clinical features and peculiar biological proprieties: 50% of the patients are 50 years old or more at time of diagnosis. Only intrascrotal testis are involved. Association with other testicular germ cell tumors is rare (1 case). The neoplastic cells seem to have poor mobility. The potential for spread is limited: microscopic invasion of the albuginae and epididymis has been described in only 4 cases; metastases are not documented. The prognosis is outstanding: all but two patients are free of disease 1 month to 19 years after diagnosis (median 7 years). Two patients (3%) are dead with clinical evidence of dissemination. Postoperative radiotherapy to pelvic and lateroaortic areas has been administered to 60% of the cases. It is noteworthy that there is no appreciable survival diffference whether radiotherapy has been given or not. In our experience orchiectomy is sufficient. PMID- 7368562 TI - Acquired cystic transformation of the kidneys of haemodialysed patients. AB - In the present study, the kidneys of patients who had been on maintenance haemodialysis for variable periods of time were examined at autopsy. In 21 of the 22 patients, multiple pinhead-size to pea-size, non-loculated cysts were observed both in the cortex and the medulla. In some of the cysts (4/20 patients), papillary adenomata were observed which were visible by light microscopy in 3 cases and macroscopically in 1 case. Clinical complications resulting from haemorrhage or neoplastic transformation were not observed in any of the patients of this series. Similar cysts, smaller in size and fewer in number, were also observed in kidneys of uraemic patients who had not been dialysed. Thus, the lesion does not appear to be a specific consequence of maintenance haemodialysis. It appears more likely that extensive cystic transformation of the kidneys of patients in terminal renal failure is made possible by prolonged survival on maintenance haemodialysis. The possibility of malignant transformation of the papillomata cannot be refuted, but epidemiological surveys fail to document more frequent occurrence of renal carcinoma in dialysed patients. PMID- 7368563 TI - Adenocarcinoid of the vermiform appendix. AB - Four cases of adenocarcinoid of the appendix were studied. Two tumours were found among 28 cases primarily diagnosed as appendiceal carcinoids. They showed characteristic histological structures with features of both a conventional carcinoid tumour and a mucinproducing adenocarcinoma with goblet cells. All tumours were small and ill-defined; three were associated with fibrous obliteration of the appendiceal lumen. All were diagnosed incidentally by the pathologist in appendices removed "en passant" or because of acute appendicitis. Three of the tumours appeared well differentiated with a low degree of malignancy similar to that of the conventional carcinoid tumour. In one case however, the tumour was less differentiated with atypical foci and a high mitotic count and had metastasised to peritoneum and both ovaries. PMID- 7368564 TI - Fibrinoid degeneration and increased vascular permeability induced by renal lysosomal contents. An electron microscopic study on coronary and cerebral arteries of rats. AB - The effect of the lysosomal contents of hog kidney cortex, especially of the fraction not bound by concanavalin A (Fraction A) on the permeability of the coronary and cerebral arteries of rats was studied ultrastructurally using H.R. peroxidase. This fraction was devoid of renin activity by bioassay. The coronary arteries of the experimental rats displayed fibrinoid degeneration: e.g., degeneration and disappearance of medial smooth muscle cells and deposition of electron dense materials containing fibrin. A large amount of reaction product of peroxidase was present in the subendothelial space and media where fibrinoid degeneration was evident. Transendothelial passage of the marker occurred by both junctional and vesicular transport. There was no evidence of separation or discontinuity of the endothelial cells. Occasionally, increased permeability of the intima was noted in the coronary arteries without medial damage. By contrast, neither fibrinoid degeneration nor increased permeability was noted in the cerebral arteries. The difference in the response of the two arteries seems attributable to the barrier effect of cerebral arterial intima. PMID- 7368565 TI - Genetic relatedness of the gene which codes for the nonstructural (NS) protein of different influenza A strains. PMID- 7368566 TI - Evidence from recombinant bunyavirus studies that the M RNA gene products elicit neutralizing antibodies. PMID- 7368567 TI - Time course of budding and maturation of R-MuLV-ts29 studied by electron microscopy. PMID- 7368568 TI - A 28K polypeptide is the translation product of 9 S RNA encoded by region 1A of adenovirus 2. PMID- 7368569 TI - Properties of Azotobacter phage Pav-1 and its DNA. PMID- 7368570 TI - Pseudolysogeny of Azotobacter phages. PMID- 7368571 TI - Pseudolysogenic conversion of Azotobacter vinelandii by phage A21 and the formation of a stably converted form. PMID- 7368573 TI - Differential sensitivity of infectious and defective-interfering particles of Sindbis virus to ultraviolet irradiation. PMID- 7368572 TI - Inhibition of Sindbis virus replication in Aedes albopictus cells by virazole (ribavirin) and its reversal by actinomycin: a correction. PMID- 7368574 TI - Partial amino acid sequences of Sindbis and Semliki Forest virus-specific core proteins. PMID- 7368575 TI - Identification of some steps in the replication of bacteriophage T1 DNA. PMID- 7368576 TI - Biochemical and genetic characteristics of Germiston virus. PMID- 7368577 TI - The effect of glycosylation inhibitors on the maturation and intracellular polypeptide synthesis induced by snowshoe hare bunyavirus. PMID- 7368578 TI - Inhibition of influenza virion transcriptases by polynucleotides. PMID- 7368579 TI - Completion of the amino acid sequence of a Hong Kong influenza hemagglutinin heavy chain: sequence of cyanogen bromide fragment CN1. PMID- 7368580 TI - Serotonin uptake and release by subcellular fractions of bovine retina. PMID- 7368581 TI - High-level trichromatic color matching and the pigment-bleaching hypothesis. PMID- 7368582 TI - Linear summation of tilt illusion and tilt aftereffect. PMID- 7368583 TI - Additivity of fusional vergence and pursuit eye movements. PMID- 7368584 TI - Critical flicker fusion in normal and binocularly deprived cats. PMID- 7368585 TI - Information used by the perceptual and oculomotor systems regarding the amplitude of saccadic and pursuit eye movements. PMID- 7368586 TI - Three classes of area 19 cortical cells of the cat classified by their neuronal connectivity and photic responsiveness. PMID- 7368587 TI - Dark regeneration of squid rhodopsin and isorhodopsin. PMID- 7368588 TI - The grating acuity of the wild European rabbit. PMID- 7368589 TI - Spectrally-opponent responses in ground squirrel optic nerve. PMID- 7368590 TI - Summation of asynchronous gratings. PMID- 7368591 TI - Eye-opening in kittens: further comments. PMID- 7368592 TI - Serum cholesterol levels of persons 4-74 years of age by socioeconomic characteristics. PMID- 7368593 TI - Utilization of short-stay hospitals: Annual summary for the United States, 1978. PMID- 7368594 TI - Patterns of employment before and after childbirth: United States. PMID- 7368595 TI - [Let us improve ideological and political education work]. PMID- 7368596 TI - [Methodology of experimental research in military medicine]. PMID- 7368597 TI - [Assessment of the significance of the differences in the number of days of work loss among servicemen using nomograms]. PMID- 7368598 TI - [Dispensary care in the practice of the garrison ophthalmologist]. PMID- 7368599 TI - [Multiple injuries in servicemen]. PMID- 7368600 TI - [Main trends in the further work improvement of military polyclinics]. PMID- 7368601 TI - [Analysis of the errors in the diagnosis of neurologic diseases]. PMID- 7368602 TI - [Etiology of local influenza outbreaks in 1977]. PMID- 7368603 TI - [Problems in the early diagnosis, pathogenesis and prevention of diseases related to military working conditions (elements of military occupational pathology)]. PMID- 7368604 TI - [Psychophysiological characteristics of the activities of air traffic controllers]. PMID- 7368605 TI - [Renal electrolyte excretion in sailors during storms and during a constant ocean swell]. PMID- 7368606 TI - [Effect of eyeglass correction on the self-correction of artificial astigmatism]. PMID- 7368607 TI - [Examination and treatment of intracranial abscesses of rhinogenic origin]. PMID- 7368608 TI - [Rhinogenic intracranial complications in young people]. PMID- 7368609 TI - [Suppository preparation using polymeric forms]. PMID- 7368610 TI - [Catecholamine excretion in patients with skin surface vasculitis]. PMID- 7368611 TI - [Utilization of the State All-Union Standards in sanitary and hygienic control over military working conditions]. PMID- 7368612 TI - [Characteristics of the course of erysipelatous inflammation in servicemen]. PMID- 7368614 TI - [Use of leeches in varicose veins]. PMID- 7368613 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of benign tumors of the skin and subcutaneous tissue]. PMID- 7368615 TI - [Participation of lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase in the redistribution of high density lipoprotein subfractions in the blood of newborn infants]. AB - Evidence was obtained in vitro for the participation of lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase in redistribution of subfractions of high density lipoproteins (HDLP) in blood plasma of newborn children. Content of some HDLP subfractions (HDLP 2c and HDLP 2b) was decreased and content of the other subfractions (HDLP 2a) was increased after incubation of blood plasma of the newborn children with lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase preparation purified 100-fold. PMID- 7368617 TI - [Adenosine triphosphoric acid pool in rat tissues after the administration of beta-mercaptoethylamine]. AB - Pool of ATP in thymus, spleen and liver tissues of non-irradiated rats underwent distinct tissue-specific alterations just after intraperitoneal administration of hydrotartrate of beta-mercaptoethylamine (cisteamine, MEA) at e radioprotective dose 300 mg/kg. The data obtained suggest that there are marked impairments in turnover of adenylic nucleotides at the period corresponding to manifestation of the MEA radioprotective efficiency. PMID- 7368616 TI - [Ornithine decarboxylase activity in malignant tumors]. AB - Activity of ornithine decarboxylase was studied in transplantable hepatomas G-27, G-22, G-61, G-60, G-48, G-46, in liver tissues of tumor-bearing and intact animals as well as in liver tissue during hepatocarcinogenesis and after repeated administration of nitrose piperidine. The rate of ornithine decarboxylation was distinctly increased in hepatomas G-27, G-60, G-46 and G-48 as compared with liver tissue of tumor-bearing and intact animals. The enzymatic activity in hepatomas G-22 and G-61 was similar to the activity found in liver tissue of intact animals. In liver tissue of tumor-bearing animals the enzyme activity was significantly increased only in hepatoma 22. Repeated administration of nitrose piperidine did not affect the ornithine decarboxylase activity in rat liver tissue. The carcinogenesis, caused by nitrosamine effect, increased distinctly the enzymatic activity in rat liver tissue up to the moment of the primary hepatomas development. PMID- 7368618 TI - [Spectrofluorometric method of determining ATP in the myocardium during biopsy]. AB - A spectrofluorometric method for estimation of ATP in peripheral nerve fibers was modified for use in the systems with heart muscle samples. The method enabled to carry out numerous assays of ATP content in heart muscle tissue obtained by biopsy. Due to modification a significant decrease in the tissue amount required for analysis was achieved. PMID- 7368619 TI - [Effect of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol and of a varying phosphorus requirement on mineral metabolism in chronic renal insufficiency]. AB - Experimental chronic kidney insufficiency caused in rats the impairments of phosphoerus-calcium turnover (hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia), osteoporotic alterations in bones (decreas in specific gravity, in content of Ca, P and hydroxyproline) as well as calcinosis of internal tissues, particularly in the impaired kidney tissue. Decrease in phosphorus content of food down to 0.3% inhibited distinctly the development of these impairments and modulated their severity, lowering mortality of the animals with chronic kidney insufficienty. Administration of physiologic doses (0.025 mg) of 1 alpha-hydroxy vitamin D3/(1 alpha OHD3) which is a synthetic analogue of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (hormonal form of vitamin D synthesized in kidney) into rats with chronic kidney insufficiency (with limited content of phosphorus in the food) did not exhibit any additional curative effect on the patterns of bone metabolism studied; in this case calcinosis was slightly increased and mortality of the animals also increased. After administration of 1 alpha OHD3 into rats with chronic kidney insufficiency, maintained on food containing 1.2% of phosphorus, impairments in phosphorus-calcium turnover were distinctly increased. Osteoporosis and calcinosis were elevated in the impared kidney; this led to death of all the animals within first 2 months of the experiments. PMID- 7368621 TI - [Use of polyacrylamide gel for the purposes of isoelectric focusing in borate polyol systems]. PMID- 7368620 TI - [Improved method for the quantitative determination of lipid hydroperoxides and the change in their content in the tissues on exposure of the body to a high external temperature]. AB - A new procedure is developed for amperometric registration of the equivalence point in iodometric assay of lipid hydroperoxides. The procedure increased accuracy of the analysis. Content of lipid hydroperoxides was calculated by means of a new equation. Concentration of lipid hydroperoxides was studied using the new method both in tissues and blood of intact animals and in those of animals, which were subjected to the effect of high external temperature. PMID- 7368622 TI - [Effect of electrostimulation of the skeletal muscles on the experimental level of nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides and blood glucose]. PMID- 7368623 TI - [Mechanism of the disturbance in muscle energy allowance in botulin poisoning]. AB - Development of botulinic pareses of cat sceletal muscles was followed by an inhibition of oxygen utilization simultaneously with a still sufficient compensation of external respiration impairment. The inhibitory effect of botulinic toxins on tissue respiration was apparently mediated via impairment of cetecholamine metabolism; utilization of O2 in the muscles was unaltered during the preclinical period of the toxin intensive sorption by tissues. Also a definite relationship was observed between the development of tissue hypoxia and an increase in content of tissue catecholamines. Stimulation of tissue hypoxia was accompanied by impairments in glycolytic process, deficiency of potassium, ascorbic acid and phosphocreatine in muscle tissue. PMID- 7368624 TI - [Glycogen phosphorylase activity in infarct-affected and nonaffected parts of the human myocardium after death]. AB - Distinct differences in activity of glycogen phosphorylase were not observed in various parts of an intact human myocardium. This enzymatic activity vas considerably decreased in the left ventricle of the myocardium impaired by infarction; with prolongation of the infarction period the enzymatic activity decreased further. Isozymes of glycogen phosphorylase I, II and III were liberated from ischemic myocardium according to their quantitative ratio in the heart. The glycogen phosphorylase activity, which was observed in blood serum of patients with acute myocardial infarction, was apparently liberated into blood due to the myocardium impairment. Evaluation of the enzymatic activity in blood serum of the patients might serve as an index of the necrosis degree. PMID- 7368625 TI - [Effect of pyridoxal phosphate and pantothenate derivatives on gamma-aminobutyric shunt in the brain of mice]. AB - Repeated administration of D-pantothenate Ca, D-homopantothenate Ca and pantethine at a dose of 150 mmole/kg of body weight (9 injections within 3 days) led to alterations in activity of GABA-shunt enzymes as well as in content of free amino acids in mouse brain. These alterations suggest that B3-vitamin preparations potentiate the regulating effect on gamma-aminobutyrate pathway, which shunts the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase reaction, depending on CoA content. The most distinct but short-term intesification of the GABA-shung was observed in treatment with homopantothenate containing GABA molecule. Pantothenate and pantethine caused similar alterations, consisting in activation of GABA production and in inhibition of its utilization; in this case pantethine was less effective. Pyridoxal phosphate activated GABA-shunt; this resulted in accelerated decrease in content of dicarboxylic amino acids and their amides. PMID- 7368626 TI - [State of the monooxygenase enzymatic system during chronic diethylnitrosamine administration]. AB - Content of components and functional activity of monooxygenase enzyme system were studied in rat liver tissue during hepatocarcinogenesis produced by diethyl nitrosamine treatment. Content of cytochromes P-450 and b5, NADPH- NADH cytochrome c reductase and demethylase activities as well as capacity to induce the monooxygenase enzyme system after administration of its inductors were not altered in chronic treatment with carcinogenic doses of diethyl nitrosamine. The higher doses of the amine were shown to reduce the content of the cytochromes in liver tissue. PMID- 7368627 TI - [Immunochemical structural study of syphilitic reagins]. AB - Syphilitic reagines, which are lipid-binding antibodies, were studied. A method for isolation and purification of the reagines described is based on their interaction with immobilized lipid antigen. Antibodies, studied by the immunochemical methods in several types of syphilis, are represented by various classes of immunoglobulins. PMID- 7368628 TI - [Effect of a salt load and hydrocortisone on the kidney glycosaminoglycans of white rats]. AB - Content, fractional composition of glycosaminoglycans and concentration of sodium in different zones of rat kidney (cortex, outer medulla, papilla) as well as the ability of kidney to the osmotic concentration under the conditions of prolonged salt loading and after the injection of hydrocortisone were studied. The salt loading was carried out during 10 days either using catheterization (50-75 mEq of NaCl per kg of body weight) or by means of feeding a diet with high content of the salt (90-100 mEq per kg of body weight); hydrocortisone was injected daily at a dose of 3 mg/100 g of body weight. Distinct increase in sulphated compounds with a slight decrease in total content of glycosaminoglycans took place. At the same time, there was an increase in sodium concentration in the renal medulla and an increase in the efficiency of urine osmotic concentrating. Glycosaminoglycans appear to be not only important participants in the effect of the antidiuretic hormone on the permeability of intersticial structures; they also play a certain role in the increase of osmolality of the renal papillar intersticium under the conditions of the antidiuresis, providing the release of loosely bound sodium. PMID- 7368629 TI - [Effect of low-molecular peptides from the blood of burned dogs on the functional state of intact liver mitochondria in mice]. AB - In presence of toxic low molecular peptides, isolated from blood of dogs with burns within 3-4 hrs after the injury, the following phenomena were observed in intact mouse liver mitochondria: decrease in calcium-accumulating ability of mitochondria, sheir irreversible swelling, decrease in the rate of oxygen utilization, decrease in coefficients of stimulation of respiration and of respiratory control, decrease in the rates of phosphorylation and of oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 7368630 TI - [Effect of alcohol on the lipid makeup of various sections of the human myocardium and blood plasma]. AB - Lipidogramms of various parts of myocardium of the persons, decreased in acute alcoholic intoxication, were characterized by an increase in content of triglycerides, free fatty acids free and esterified cholesterol. Content of phospholipids in the myocardium was unaltered. Concentration of atherogenic lipoproteins, phospholipids and triglycerides was increased in blood plasma under conditions of acute alcoholic intoxication. PMID- 7368631 TI - [Determination of somatotropin and prolactin by dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis]. AB - Definite separation of somatotropin and prolactin using sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis takes place in continuous systems with pH 7.0 7.2 containing acetate or chloride monovalet anions; substitution of the ions by polyvalent phosphate or borate anions interfered with the separation. The hormones precipitated by trichloracetic acid may be separated and quantitatively determined after dissolving in the weak alkaline solutions. The hormones are distinctly separated from serum proteins and may be quantitatively determined in media containing up to 15% of serum. PMID- 7368632 TI - [Possible mechanism of the protective action of alpha-tocopherol in experimental hypoxia]. AB - Lipid peroxidation and content of vitamin E were increased in liver tissue of rats subjected to the effect of acute hypoxia (I hr, 9000 m). In adrenal glands concentrations of vitamin E and adrenaline were distinctly decreased but content of II-hydroxycorticosteroids was increased under these conditions. Preadministration of alpha-tocopheryl acetate (30 mg per kg of body weight within 24 hrs) caused an increase of its content in liver tissue and adrenal glands: the treatment prevented the increase of lipid peroxidation in liver tissue as well as the decrease of vitamin E and adrenaline content in adrenal glands but did not affect the II-hydroxycorticosteroid concentration in adrenal glands and blood serum. The protective effect of vitamin E under conditions of hypoxia appears to be due to its influence on the functional activity of adrenal glands. PMID- 7368633 TI - [Change in the makeup of the bony tissue of the spine in experimental scoliosis]. AB - Deveropment of experimental scoliosis in rabbits, produced by single-side rhizotomia at Th5-Th9, was accompained by accumulation of hexoses, hexoseamines and collagen in corpus vertebrae and in processus spinosus of the primary arch of curvature within all the periods of observation (23 months) as well as by an increase in content of calcium and phosphorus, occurring at the period of the scoliosis complete stabilization (10-11 months). Similar, although less distinct, alterations were found in the compensatory arch of curvature. PMID- 7368634 TI - [Chromatographic analysis of the hemin isolated from the erythocytes of hematological patients]. AB - Fractional composition of hemin, isolated from blood of patients with hematological impairments, differed from the composition characteristic for donors as shown by paper chromatography. Three fractions of hemin, which corresponded to various steps of polymerization of the substance, were found on chromatograms of donor hemin. Hemin from the patients were characterized by alteration both in amount and in the ratio of the fractions. Estimation of the hemin composition using paper chromatography might serve as an additional diagnostic test. PMID- 7368635 TI - [Mechanism of the change in electrolyte and carbohydrate metabolism in the submandibular salivary gland in experimental botulism in rats]. AB - Content of lactic and pyruvic acids, glycogen, sodium and potassium ions are well as the total LDH activity and its isoenzyme spectrum were not distinctly altered, when secretion of salivary glands was inhibited by administration of botulinic toxin into rats (within 48 hrs after the toxin treatment). But within 14 days the following alterations were observed in the impaired salivary glands: decrease in content of glycogen and potassium, increase in concentration of lactic and pyruvic acids, elevation in total LDH activity and change in its isoenzyme spectrum (increase in content of the fractions responsible for regulation of anaerobic metabolism). PMID- 7368636 TI - [Perfusion scanning in the diagnosis of lung diseases in children]. PMID- 7368637 TI - [Radionuclide cholecystography with 99mTc-HIDA]. PMID- 7368639 TI - [State of the blood coagulating system in acute suppurative destructive pneumonia in young infants]. PMID- 7368638 TI - [Clinical importance of scintiphotography with DTPA-99mTC in hematuria in children]. PMID- 7368640 TI - [Diagnosis of De Toni-Debre-Fanconi disease in children]. PMID- 7368641 TI - [Diagnosis of acute hematogenic osteomyelitis in children]. PMID- 7368642 TI - [Antibiotic therapy procedure in bacterial diseases in children (a lecture)]. PMID- 7368643 TI - [Prolactin content in the blood of puerperae with normal and deficient lactation]. PMID- 7368644 TI - [Placental lactogen content in women with habitual abortion]. PMID- 7368646 TI - [Use of central electroanalgesia for treating threatened abortions]. PMID- 7368645 TI - [Correction of the hemodynamic disturbances in women with toxicosis of the 2d half of pregnancy during cesarean section and in the postoperative period]. PMID- 7368648 TI - [Psychotherapeutic treatment experience in enuresis in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7368647 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation in pregnant and parturient women with prenatal fetal death]. PMID- 7368649 TI - [Tumor progression and the body]. PMID- 7368651 TI - [Disturbed function of the hematofollicular barrier and dyshormonal hyperplastic processes in the uterus]. PMID- 7368650 TI - [Combined and surgical treatment of cervical cancer]. AB - The many-year experience with the treatment of cervical cancer in the gynecological clinic of the P. A. Herzen Research Institute of Oncology has indicated that a combined method in case of the appropriate indications provides for high and persistant late results. The five-year recovery of patients at all stages was noted in 78.7% (I stage--87.3%; II stage--71.6%; III stage--41.7%). Improvement of therapeutic and diagnostic methods, strict adherence to the principles of a differential approach to selecting the type of therapy enabled increasing the per cent of a five-year cure from 68.9%' (1945--46) to 91.8% in 1965--1969. The clinical features of microinvasive cervical cancer (stage Ia) made it possible to reduce the extent of the treatment applied on account of excluding a radiation component and lessening the extent of surgical intervention. A five-year cure by the surgical method in patients with cervical cancer of stage Ia made up 97%. The results of the combination therapy in patients with stage Ib within the same period yielded 94%. PMID- 7368652 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the spherical transformation sign in metastatic and degenerative changes in the lymph nodes of uterine cancer patients]. AB - The work is concerned with a clinical assessment of the spheric transformation sign in the differential diagnosis of metastatic and degenerative changes in lymph nodes of cervical cancer patients. The value of the projection index was checked in a retrospective analysis of 45 lymphograms in patients with histologically proved cancer metastases, fibrous-fat degeneration and in those without any pathological changes. The studies performed indicated a somewhat limited value of the projection index, since its precision proved to be 56.8%. In the practical work the projection index may serve but as an adjunct in assessment of lymphograms and only in combination with other roentgenological signs of the lymph node involvement. PMID- 7368653 TI - [Prognostic factors of the probability of the occurrence of complications in the radiation therapy of malignant neoplasms]. AB - The authors present an analysis of the causes of radiation induced complications in 383 patients referred to the Chair of Clinical Radiology from different medical institutions of the country. It was found that under distant gamma therapy, to prevent the development of complications the value of TDF-factor should not exceed 105--110, for the associated radiotherapy--130--140, and that for close focal roentgenotherapy--130--150. In vast majority of patients (95.3%) the complications resulted from surpassing the normal tissue tolerance. To prevent radiation injuries it is suggested to take into consideration the TDF factor values, while in planning radiotherapy to choose such schedules of irradiation, which preclude any surpassing of the tolerance of normal tissues and organs adjacent to the tumor. PMID- 7368654 TI - [Evaluation of a method of chemosurgical treatment of malignant ovarian tumors]. AB - Retrospectively, an efficacy of the two main variants of the primary combined therapy for serous cystadenocarcinoma was estimated: "surgery+chemotherapy" (552 patients) and "chemotherapy+surgery" (253 patients). Both variants resulted in rather high incidence (83.5% and 81.3%) of the clinical remission, but its duration was 14.4 months in the first group, and 7.6 months in the second. Also, there was some difference in the remote results of the treatment. It is concluded that there should be an individual approach to selecting the first step of the treatment taking account of the peculiarities of the organism and a course of the tumor process. PMID- 7368655 TI - [Morphological characteristics of serous ovarian adenocarcinomas after chemotherapy]. AB - The authors studied morphologically serous cystic adenocarcinomas of the ovary from 27 patients aged from 30 to 70 years. 100 patients were not given a preoperative course of chemotherapy, and 107 patients received different chemical drugs preoperatively. Changes in the mitotic activity indicate the sensitivity or resistance of the tumor to different chemical drugs. PMID- 7368656 TI - [Nuclear chromatin proteins of hematopoietic cells normally and in leukemia in rats]. AB - By methods of analytical electrophoresis nuclear chromatin proteins of normal and leukaemic hemopoietic rat cells were studied. There were revealed 1--2 extra bands in the histones extracted from chromatin of leukaemic cells. These proteins appear to be identical to histones of H10 type. The majority of nonhistone proteins of nuclear chromatin from normal and leukaemic hemopoietic cells show similar electrophoretic characteristics, whereas there were also found components typical for chromatin of only normal or leukaemic hemopoietic cells. PMID- 7368657 TI - [Biochemical and cytokinetic patterns in the growth of a transplanted pigmented melanoma]. AB - Under study were biochemical and cytokinetic patterns of the pigmented melanoma growth in mice. The data obtained allows a conclusion that there is a relationship between the process of melanogenesis and proliferative activity of the tumor tissue. A delayed tumor growth beyond the peak point due to the reduced proliferative pool and increased cell losses is accompanied with a fall in the activity of the key enzyme of melanogenesis and the reduced level of melanoproteids. PMID- 7368658 TI - [Use of UHF hyperthermia in treating malignant tumors]. AB - Studies performed on rats of line Wag with R-1 tumor, transplanted into the femoral region, indicated that it is possible to use a UHF field for hyperthermia therapy of malignant tumors without inflicting an injury to the normal adjacent tissues and overheating of the organism as a whole. There was found a thermal threshold being in the temperature range of 42--43 degrees, above which a more rapid tumor cell death was noted; it is most radioresistant tumor cells which are first overheated and destructed. PMID- 7368659 TI - [Epithelial bladder tumor induction in rats with N-(4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2 thiazolyl)formamide]. AB - Among 20 white non-inbred rats of the "Rappolovo" nursery for laboratory animals of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, which were fed through all their life N /4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl/formamide in the concentration 0.188%, transition-cell vesical tumors developed in 4 animals at the 56th, 60th, 61st 70th week of the experiment. After 71--81 weeks since the onset of the experiment, cancer of this organ developed in the remaining 14 animals. The maximum total dose of the carcinogen was 14.4 g/ per rat. The maximum observation terms--567 days. PMID- 7368660 TI - [Nephrectomy with preoperative intraluminal occlusion of the renal artery in treating kidney cancer]. AB - Based on their personal observations, the authors discuss the nephrectomy procedure with a preoperative intraluminal occlusion of the renal artery in tumor involved kidneys. Surgical intervention, performed according to the suggested principles, in 84% of cases perfectly provides for the primary arrest of arterial blood supply and ischemic reduction of the tumor and kidney in size, prevents dissemination of tumor cells or emboli, lessens the operative blood loss, shortens the time of surgery and the postoperative period, and facilitates the operative procedure even in emaciated aged and senile patients. PMID- 7368661 TI - [Clinical course of benign epithelial ovarian tumors]. AB - The author reports epidemiological and clinical data on 739 patients with benign epithelial ovarian tumors of various histotypes. Serous cystadenomas were found in 46%, mucinous--in 25.3%, endometroid--in 20%, mixed epithelial--in 6.7%, the Brenner tumor--in 2.02%. Benign ovarian tumors are more frequently observed at the age from 31 to 60. The patients show the tendency to the late menstrual cycle and reduced reproductive function. The clinical picture of the lesion is described. PMID- 7368662 TI - [Malignant tumors of the trachea]. PMID- 7368663 TI - [Carcinoid of the thymus gland]. PMID- 7368664 TI - [Infusion urography in the topical differential diagnosis of tumors of the internal genitalia]. AB - The results of studying the infusion urography findings in 64 patients with ovarian tumors and uterine fibromyomas indicated the possibility of using this method in the topic diagnosis of tumors of internal genitalia due to the effect of contrasting. Uterine fibromyomas are characterized by a homogenous accumulation of a contrast substance by the tumor. In ovarian neoplasms the effect of tumor contrasting is frequently absent. In a number of cases it is of a nonhomogenous character (the symptom of a "rim or "border"). PMID- 7368665 TI - [Melanoblastoma of the vulva]. PMID- 7368666 TI - [Blastomogenic activity of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in dogs]. PMID- 7368667 TI - [Disturbance of bile acid metabolism in intestinal diseases]. PMID- 7368668 TI - [Parameters of polynuclear cell activity in torpid and latent recurrent rheumocarditis in the process of treatment with a high-protein diet and drug preparations]. AB - The in vitro test of direct granulation of basophils affected by specific antigens (cardial tissue, acid-soluble fraction of collagen, streptococcal allergens) was investigated in the course of treating 41 patients (29 women and 12 men aged from 20 to 50 years) suffering from a little active rheumatic fever. The patients received a complex of therapeutic measures including high-protein diet (130-140 g protein) and drugs (1.5-2.0 g acetylsalicylic acid and 15 mg of prednisolone a day). As a result of the treatment all the patients improved and demonstrated pain relief in the heart region, reduced palpitation, abatement of general weakness and fatigue. At the same time there was a decrease in the reactivity of basophilic leukocytes, shown by less number of degranulated cells in vitro, activated with specific antigens. PMID- 7368669 TI - [Effect of diet therapy on the state of the intestinal barrier in digestive organ diseases]. AB - The effect of diets with varying amount of protein (135 and 160 g) on the intestinal barrier was studied in patients with the inadequate absorption syndrome of different etiology (chronic enterocolitis, the postgastroresection syndrome, chronic colitis). The data obtained indicate that in spite of the progress attained in the care of such patients at the present time, they show disturbed permeability of the intestinal barrier, determined by the passive hemagglutination test (PHAT) with diverse fractions of milk protein. With the postgastroresection syndrome, the abnormalities in the intestinal barrier arise less frequently, are less pronounced and more amenable by therapy as compared to patients with chronic enterocolitis. However, the condition of the small intestine should be taken into consideration in making dietetic recommendations for the patients suffering from the above diseases. The clinical findings and PHAT dynamics indicate that inclusion into the diet of over 135 g protein is not desirable. PMID- 7368670 TI - [Hygienic basis for rational nutrition in student constuction brigades in the Ukrainian SSR]. AB - Energy losses were studied in 60 male students aged from 18 to 25 years, who worked at the construction sites during the summer. The daily energy losses averaged 4084 kcal for brick-layers, 4314 kcal for concrete workers, 4356 kcal for carpenters, and 4517 kcal for auxiliary workers. Recommendations were made for average daily requirements of students from construction teams for principal food products and energy as well as for an average daily diet. The diets were developed with due regard for energy and food supply of students and for food balancing. These diets also provide for four-time meal regimen, specificity of nutrition organization at students' teams as well as climatic and geographical features of the Ukrainian SSR. PMID- 7368671 TI - [Functional state of the immunological system and of the gastrointestinal tract in children with a food allergy]. AB - A group of 37 children suffering from bronchial asthma of an atopic and combined genesis and also from allergy attended by skin manifestations have been examined. The general immunologic system has been shown to be strongly imbalanced which manifested in hypo-, hyper- or dysimmunoglobulinemia and in IgE accumulation by the blood. Most of the children showed increased permeability of the epithelial barrier of the intestine by food antigens, that was associated with appearance in the blood of agglutinating antibodies to food proteins. In addition, most of the children had dyskinesia of the biliary tract and intestine as well as altered microecology of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7368672 TI - [Changes in lipid metabolic indices in children with chronic kidney diseases under the influence of diet therapy]. AB - Variations in lipid metabolism were studied in 20 children with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) associated with the nephrotic syndrome and 14 children with chronic renal insufficiency given protein deficient therapeutic diets. Suggestive abnormalities of lipid metabolism involved hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterinemia and hypertriglyceridemia (more sharply pronounced in patients with CGN associated with the nephrotic syndrome) as well as hyperlipoproteidemia, chiefly of types IY and IIB. Disproportions in lipoproteid spectra of the plasma towards increase in atherogenous beta- and pre-beta lipoproteids are characteristic for patients of both groups but sharply pronounced in CRI. These patients also show a reduced metabolization efficacy coefficient (MEC) of essential fatty acids of food to the lipid structures of erythrocyte membranes. As a results of the treatment the lipid metabolism returned to normal in most patients with CGN and in part of the patients with CRI. In order to raise the efficacy of therapeutic diets during normalization of lipid metabolism in CRI it is recommended that the fat and carbohydrate components of the diet may be changed qualitatively with due regard for the types of hyperlipoproteidemia. PMID- 7368673 TI - [Effect of excess-protein rations on natural immunity indices]. AB - Some parameters of natural immunity under conditions of the diets with optimal (18%) and excessive (28,33 and 43% by caloric value) protein content were studied in male Wistar rats. It was shown that a number of the parameters studied (the content of complement, lysozyme, beta-lysines, the normal antibody titer, phagocytic activity of leukocytes, skin bactericidal action) decreased with the elevation of the protein content in the diets 3 months after the beginning of the experiment. The bactericidal activity of the blood serum in all the animal groups remained unchanged. The animals kept on diets with 18 and 43% of protein for prolonged period of time were examined 6, 9 and 12 months after the beginning of the experiment. The parameters of natural immunity (except the content of complement and beta-lysines) in the group of animals receiving 43% of protein remained decreased as compared with the control. PMID- 7368674 TI - [Digestive characteristics of qualitatively different proteins in rats in the early postnatal development period]. AB - Starting from 15 days of age the rats were transferred to formula feeding with liquid diet adapted to the rat milk composition in terms of the main parameters. It was shown that caseine exclusion from the rat diet during the early postnatal period of the development and its replacement by proteins of milk serum or by bovine serum albumin that are not capable of curdling leads to a 2- and 3-fold increase, respectively in the protein evacuation rate from the stomach. As a result, the nitrogen content in the chyme of the small intestine rises. One may think that observed accumulation of protein proteolysis products indicates both considerable intensity of cavitary digestion of proteins qualitatively different from caseine in the small intestine of rats in the early postnatal period of the development and its functional overloading as a result of which the protein proteolysis products formed fail to be absorbed. PMID- 7368675 TI - [Role of food and other modifying factors in the development of stomach cancer]. AB - The effect of the alimentary, nervous, hormonal and drug factors on gastric secretion and resistance to the action of chemical cancerogenic substances was studied in four experiments. It was established that all these factors affecting gastric secretion for a long time, exert through it an effect on gastric resistance to the action of chemical cancerogenic substances. It was shown as well that gastric resistance to cancerogenic effects correlated directly with the rate of gastric secretion. The higher it was the stronger resistance the stomach exhibited to the action of chemical cancerogenic substances. Decreased gastric secretion is a factor predisposing to cancer of the stomach rather than an obligatory precancerous condition. PMID- 7368676 TI - [Evaluation of the potential mutagenic action of canned fish in oil prepared with Vakhtol' curing preparation]. AB - Bone marrow cells from CBA mice who had been given sprats cooked by means of the smoking preparation "Vakhtol" or by smoking over a month were subjected to cytogenetic analysis during the metaphase. No mutagenic changes were found in bone marrow cells. PMID- 7368678 TI - [Food value of a ration including buckwheat groats subjected to hydrothermal processing]. PMID- 7368677 TI - [Choline content in poultry products and rabbit meat]. PMID- 7368679 TI - [Changes in chromosomal structure in the blood cells of donors with prolonged HBs antigenemia and in convalescent children after anicteric viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7368680 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in cardiac fibrillation before and after electric impulse therapy]. PMID- 7368681 TI - [Vascular reactivity in chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7368682 TI - [Intracardiac hemodynamics in congestive cardiomyopathy according to echocardiographic data]. PMID- 7368684 TI - [Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of vascular depressions]. PMID- 7368686 TI - [Blood coagulation disorders in thrombosis of the retinal veins]. PMID- 7368685 TI - [State of the vision in transient cerebral circulatory disorders]. PMID- 7368683 TI - [Arteriovenous cerebral aneurysms localized in the ventricles]. PMID- 7368687 TI - [Biochemical blood indices in patients with convulsive states during the abstinence syndrome]. PMID- 7368688 TI - [Pathogenetic and diagnostic importance of thrombocytic hemostatic changes in rheumatism]. PMID- 7368689 TI - [Beta-thalassemia in the differential diagnosis of hypochromic anemias]. PMID- 7368690 TI - [Electrocardiographic indices of cor pulmonale in siderosilico-tuberculosis depending on the degree of pulmonary blood flow disorder]. PMID- 7368693 TI - [Changes occurring in the chest cavity after lung resection and pneumonectomies]. PMID- 7368691 TI - [Lactic and pyruvic acid content in the blood in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7368692 TI - [Effectiveness of trypsin electrophoresis in treating chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7368694 TI - [Hospital treatment effectiveness with newly detected destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7368695 TI - [Case of chronic destructive pulmonary tuberculosis and pulmonary endometriosis]. PMID- 7368696 TI - [Rheographic studies in various types of pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 7368697 TI - ["Anaphylactoid" reaction to intracutaneous secretin administration in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7368698 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the depressing effect of novocaine and celnovocaine on gastrointestinal tract motor and evacuatory functions]. PMID- 7368699 TI - [Reasons for the late diagnosis of rectal cancer]. PMID- 7368700 TI - [Gastric and duodenal microbial flora in chronic enterocolitis]. PMID- 7368701 TI - [Effect of mineral water from the Mirgorod spring on the physicochemical properties of the bile in chronic cholecystitis and cholangitis]. PMID- 7368702 TI - [Case of calculus and cancer of the single kidney]. PMID- 7368703 TI - [Diagnostic significance of the thyrotropin stimulation test in focal growths of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 7368704 TI - [Syndromes in the recovery and residual period of traumatic brain disease]. PMID- 7368705 TI - [Assessment characteristics of cardiac contractile function in mitral valve defects]. PMID- 7368706 TI - [Atypical course of a neurinoma of the filum terminale of the caudomedullary portion of the cauda equina]. PMID- 7368707 TI - [Use of enzymatic tests in the diagnosis of poisoning by an oil-soluble salt of cyclohexylamine]. PMID- 7368708 TI - [Role of food substances in cesium-137 and strontium-90 accumulation in the body]. PMID- 7368709 TI - [Comparison of the results of coronary angiography and of selective myocardial blood flow determination with 133Xe]. PMID- 7368710 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function in mitral insufficiency]. AB - The potentialities of M-type echocardiography (EchoCG) for the evaluation of left ventricle function and the diagnosis of mitral regurgitation are studied in 76 patients with isolated, "pure" mitral insufficiency, confirmed at the clinic and by instrumental non-invasive and invasive examinations (right and left cardiac catherterization and left ventricle angiography). All EchoCG-alterations found have a non-specific character and are a manifestation of volume loading of the left ventricle and left auricle--increased volume and velocity of mitral blood flow. The presence of some of the following functional indices is of highest significance for EchoCG-diagnosis of mitral insufficiency: determination of regurgitation volume, regurgitation fraction and regurgitation index of left ventricle resp., growth of the telemetric size and volume, beat and minute volume of left ventricle, increased indices for the total and local contraction function of left ventricle, increased dimensions of left auricle, slightly elevated velocity and amplitude diastolic indices of anterior cusp of the mitral valve. The high-degree mitral insufficiency often masks EchoCG-manifestation of left ventricle contractility insufficiency. That is the reason why in case of significant mitral insufficiency, the normal or lightly diminished values of contractility indices--fraction of shortening, fraction of expulsion and average velocity of contraction of the circumferential fibres, are a manifestation of reduced contractability of left ventricle. The values of those EchoCG-indices significantly decrease only in mitral insufficiency with severe left ventricle dysfunction. EchoCG enables an approximate evaluation of the degree of mitral insufficiency, differentiating the light and moderate from severe mitral regurgitation with a relative accuracy. The extent of the regurgitation volume, fraction and index, the diastolic size and volume, beat and minute volume of left ventricle and the size of left auricle are of highest importance for the determination of the degree of mitral insufficiency. With light mitral insufficiency, EchoCG could be absolutely normal. PMID- 7368711 TI - [Clinical biochemical changes in ischemic heart disease: hyperuricemia as a risk factor]. AB - One hundred and sixty patients with IHD were examined--73 males and 87 females, average age for males--58.58 +/- 12.69 and for females--59.65 +/- 7.76. Elevated levels of uric acid were found in 51.5 per cent. The correlation analysis showed a positive correlation dependence between total fats and uric acid, between cholesterol and uric acid as well as between total protein and uric acid and reverse dependence between uric acid and alpha 2-globulines, beta and gamma globuline fractions. The results from the investigations carried out provided grounds to admit hyperuricemia to be one of the risk factors of IHD. PMID- 7368712 TI - [Pulmonary ventilation in patients with a varying degree of chronic kidney insufficiency]. AB - Lung ventilation was determined in 116 patients with various degrees of chronic renal insufficiency. The patients examined were subdivided into 4 groups according to the values of serum creatinine and glomerular filtration. Lung ventilation was increased in all patient groups, mainly on the account of the increased inspiration reserve volume. The changes in respiration rate were insignificant. PaCO2 values in arterial blood were adopted, by the author, as a sign of an existing hyperventilation. A high correlation interdependence was established between CO2 pressure in arterial blood (PaCO2) and the active blood reaction (pH). Considerably less was the correlation dependence between hyperventilation syndrome and the values of serum creatinine and blood urea. PMID- 7368713 TI - [Hypersensitivity to acetysal in bronchial asthma]. AB - The incidence and clinical characteristics of hypersensitivity to acetysal were followed up in 529 patients with bronchial asthma. Manifestation of acetysal hypersensitivity was found in 46 patients (8.69%). It was manifested with bronchospasm in 78.25 per cent of the cases, in 23.91 per cent it was accompanied by skin alterations. Individuaal skin alterations were found in 21.73 per cent of the asthmatic patients with acetysal hypersensitivity. No allergic shock manifestations were observed. In 97.76 per cent of the patients with bronchial asthma and hypersensitivity to acetysal, hypersensitivity to some other medicaments was also found: analgin, analgesics of phenylbutazolon group (butadion, rheopyrin), indomethazin, antibiotics. PMID- 7368714 TI - [Role of the thermovision method in the diagnosis of chronic liver and gallbladder diseases (proceedings)]. PMID- 7368715 TI - [Intragastric pH electrometry and gastric secretion in duodenal ulcer (proceedings)]. PMID- 7368716 TI - [Acidity of the gastric juice in peptic ulcer (proceedings)]. PMID- 7368717 TI - [Changes in the protein metabolism of the gastric mucosa and blood during the treatment of peptic ulcer with pharmacological vagotomy in combination with protein synthesis stimulants (proceedings)]. PMID- 7368718 TI - [Endoscopic studies of duodenal-biliary reflux in peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis (proceedings)]. PMID- 7368719 TI - [Primary cancer in the operated stomach (proceedings)]. PMID- 7368720 TI - [Stomach autoantibodies in Addison-Bienmer pernicious anemia (proceedings)]. PMID- 7368721 TI - [Clinical morphological characteristics of the gastric mucosa in your people who have had viral hepatitis (proceedings)]. PMID- 7368722 TI - [Immunoglobulin changes in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis (proceedings)]. PMID- 7368723 TI - [Porphyrin biosynthesis in liver cirrhosis (proceedings)]. PMID- 7368724 TI - [Electrosigmography: methods and diagnostic potentials (proceedings)]. PMID- 7368725 TI - [Results of 210 fiber endoscopic studies of the large intestine (proceedings)]. PMID- 7368726 TI - Economics and health policy. PMID- 7368727 TI - Health care management in Europe. PMID- 7368728 TI - WHO's strategies and activities in the field of drug dependence. PMID- 7368730 TI - Development of health teams for rural work. PMID- 7368731 TI - Integration of nutrition and family planning into primary health care. PMID- 7368729 TI - Malaria goes down in Turkey--but efforts must go on. PMID- 7368732 TI - International nonproprietary names for pharmaceutical substances. PMID- 7368733 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the gelatin plasma substitute, Haemaccel]. PMID- 7368734 TI - [Exogenous allergic alveolitis in a 14-year-old girl]. PMID- 7368735 TI - [Case of non-parasitic cyst of the left liver lobe]. PMID- 7368736 TI - [Case of chronic pancreatitis masked as pseudohysterical syndrome]. PMID- 7368737 TI - [Double gallbladder]. PMID- 7368738 TI - [Giant retroperitoneal lipoma]. PMID- 7368739 TI - [4 cases of meningitis caused by Salmonella newport]. PMID- 7368740 TI - [Identical type of malformation in the form of calico-pelvic and ureteral duplication in 2 sisters]. PMID- 7368741 TI - [ASA-triad syndrome in a 21-year-old woman in the 24th week of pregnancy]. PMID- 7368742 TI - [Decubitus ulcer of the cervix uteri--an atypical complication of the Shirodkar's operation]. PMID- 7368743 TI - [Organization and perspectives of development of public health in Malaysia]. PMID- 7368744 TI - [Seasonal variations in HBsAg detection in blood donors]. PMID- 7368746 TI - [Clinical aspects of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy and perinatal period]. PMID- 7368745 TI - [Changes in the activity of neutrophil acid phosphatase in workers exposed to organic solvents containing benzene and its homologues]. PMID- 7368747 TI - [Large non-parasitic cyst of the liver]. PMID- 7368748 TI - [Primary ureteral papilloma]. PMID- 7368749 TI - [Case of cervical mesenchymoma malignum coexisting with myoma of the uterine corpus in a 58-year-old woman]. PMID- 7368750 TI - [Case of coexistent intra- and extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 7368751 TI - [Torsion of normal adnexa uteri in an 11-year-old girl]. PMID- 7368752 TI - [Case of giant uterine leiomyoma expelled through the vagina]. PMID- 7368753 TI - [Hyperhidrosis as the only symptom of post-influenza diencephalitis]. PMID- 7368754 TI - [Evaluation of the cervical lymphograms obtained by means of thyroid gland lymphography]. PMID- 7368755 TI - [Bacterial endocarditis - clinical course and treatment]. PMID- 7368757 TI - [Non-invasive methods, Bayes theorem and scientific dadaism]. PMID- 7368756 TI - [Meningitis in the course of mumps]. PMID- 7368758 TI - [Adaptability to various amounts of food]. PMID- 7368759 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of Cefazedone compared with Cefazoline (author's transl)]. AB - In a randomized cross over study Cefazoline and Cefazedone were administered i.v. as injection of 2 minutes duration and as infusion of 30 minutes duration. The concentrations in blood plasma and the excretion with the urine were similar for both substances and differed only with regard to their levels during the first 60 minutes, depending on the mode of administration. PMID- 7368760 TI - Nutritional status of cancer patients. PMID- 7368761 TI - Continuing medical education in the community hospital. PMID- 7368762 TI - Late colonic stenosis secondary to seat belt injury. PMID- 7368763 TI - Cutaneous larva migrans; recent experience in the La Crossa area. PMID- 7368764 TI - Cancer of the esophagus: five-year local experience. PMID- 7368765 TI - Breast milk jaundice. PMID- 7368766 TI - Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (report of a six-week-old infant who is now in clinical remission). PMID- 7368767 TI - Neonatal pancreatico-biliary reflux secondary to an annular pancreas. PMID- 7368768 TI - Multidisciplinary rehabilitation in severe head trauma. PMID- 7368769 TI - [Rare syphilitic manifestations]. PMID- 7368770 TI - [Macaulay's lymphomatoid papulosis]. PMID- 7368771 TI - [Generalized pseudolymphoma of the skin]. PMID- 7368772 TI - The development of daughter sporocysts inside the mother sporocyst of Schistosoma mansoni with special reference to the ultrastructure of the body wall. AB - The development of the mother sporocyst and the differentiation of the daughter sporocyst of Schistosoma mansoni in Biomphalaria pfeifferi are described. The tegumental structure of the mother sporocyst, consisting of an outer layer connected to internally situated nucleated cell bodies, forms extensions which enwrap the germinal cells. The parenchyma cells, in which the germinal cells were embedded before, degenerate. When daughter sporocyst embryos develop from germinal cells they are enveloped by a primitive epithelium which is formed by fusion of the extensions of the tegumental structure of the mother sporocyst. Somatic cells located peripherally in the developing daughter sporocyst expand and coalesce beneath the primitive epithelium to form the future outer layer of the tegumental structure of the daughter sporocyst. The primitive epithelium degenerates, the newly-formed layer looses its nuclei, and becomes connected to internally situated nucleated cell bodies. Further developments in the tegumental structure of the daughter sporocyst include the formation of microvillus-like projections, a surface coat, spines, and a basement membrane. PMID- 7368773 TI - Haematological and immunological response of calves to infection with Taenia saginata. PMID- 7368774 TI - Ultrastructural observations on the anterior adhesive apparatus in the monogeneans Dactylogyrus amphibothrium Wagener, 1857 and D. hemiamphibothrium Ergens, 1956. AB - The light microscope and the transmission electron microscope have revealed that the anterior adhesive apparatus of Dactylogyrus amphibothrium and that of D. hemiamphibothrium are similar and composed of three kinds of gland cell, one producing rod-shaped bodies (secretion S1), one producing spherical bodies (S2), and the third producing electronlucent vesicles (S3). In the cytoplasm of G1 gland cells each rod-shaped body is enclosed by a single layer of microtubules but no microtubules are associated with S2 and S3 bodies. The possible functions of these microtubules are discussed. The ducts which extend anteriorly from all three kinds of gland cell converge on and open into six adhesive sacs, situated ventrally on the distal extremities of the head lobes. Each adhesive sac is supplied with at least one gland duct from each type of gland cell and is lined by a special tegument bearing dense microvilli and a few cilia which may have a sensory function. It has been shown that during the attachment of the head region, these sacs are everted to expose the enclosed microvilli and duct openings and secretions S1 and S2 are extruded. PMID- 7368775 TI - The growth of Hymenolepis microstoma in intact and gonadectomized mice. AB - Gonadectomy or sex of the host had no effect on the mean dry weight of Hymenolepis microstoma examined on day 12 postinfection (p.i.). However, on day 20 p.i. worms from intact or sham-operated male mice were significantly heavier than those recovered from the corresponding groups of female hosts. Orchiectomy of hosts lowered the average weight of these older worms, but ovariectomy had no effect. PMID- 7368776 TI - Antennal sensory receptors of the male mosquito, Anopheles stephensi. AB - It was shown by electron microscopy that antennae of male Anopheles stephensi have the same types of sensory receptors as the females, with sunken pegs (sensilla ampullacea and sensilla coeloconica), surface pegs (sensilla basiconica), hairs (sensilla trichodea), bristles and fibrillae (sensilla chaetica), and scolopidia in the Johnston's organ. Compared with the female, the male mosquito has fewer than half of the sensory cells in the flagellum, but many more in the Johnston's organ. The smaller number of flagellar sensory neurons in the male was due mainly to fewer sensory receptors of possibly olfactory types. Sensory cells of mechano- and thermoreceptors were present in almost identical numbers in both sexes, as only about 15% of the long fibrillae, abundant as whorls in the male mosquito, are innervated by a single neuron. PMID- 7368779 TI - [The pseudo-angina pectoris pain in costo-vertebral syndrome. 1. Anatomic data]. PMID- 7368778 TI - [Chest pain in coronary insufficiency on the basis of coronary sclerosis]. PMID- 7368777 TI - Evaluation of "crude" antigen prepared from Taenia saginata for the serological diagnosis of T. saginata cysticercosis in cattle using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - A "crude" antigen prepared from the strobilate stage of Taenia saginata was tested for its suitability in the peroxidase microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of T. saginata cysticercosis in cattle. Sera were tested from laboratory and pasture-reared calves experimentally infected with T. saginata as well as from cattle naturally infected by grazing on pasture irrigated with sewage effluent. The specificity of the "diagnostic" antigen was assessed using sera from laboratory-reared cattle with monospecific infections of T. saginata, T. hydatigena, Fasiciola hepatica, or gastro-intestinal nematodes, and natural infections of F. hepatica. Cross-reactions occurred in sera from all heterologous infections but the highest level occurred in cattle experimentally or naturally infected with F. hepatica. Clear diagnostic antibody levels were found in cattle experimentally infected with T. saginata but the test was not found to be reliable in individual animals with natural infections when compared with sera from cattle naturally infected with . hepatica. On a group or herd basis ELISA using "crude" antigen and taking the mean absorbance values, could be useful as an indicator of a high prevalence rate of T. saginata cysticercosis. PMID- 7368780 TI - [The pseudo-angina pectoris pain in costo-vertebral syndrome. 2. Clinical aspects and therapy]. PMID- 7368781 TI - [Methods of contraception and sexual sensitivity (2)]. PMID- 7368782 TI - [Valoron and Valoron N. A comparison of the analgesic effect and tolerance in various painful disorders in a medical practice]. PMID- 7368783 TI - [Psychologically digesting mastectomy and its sexual problems]. PMID- 7368784 TI - [What is your diagnosis? Hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7368785 TI - [Testing of a bile duct agent by the family physician. Results of a field study with Cholspasmin forte]. PMID- 7368786 TI - [Depressive syndromes in children and adolescents. Evaluation of Ludiomil mite in medical practice]. PMID- 7368787 TI - [Psychotropic drugs in medical practice. Double-blind studies of lofepramine against amitriptyline]. PMID- 7368788 TI - [Undesirable side effects of drugs in medical practice. What are the principal dangers?]. PMID- 7368789 TI - [Psychopathology and theory of neurosis from a current point of view]. PMID- 7368790 TI - [Therapy of depression. Current state]. PMID- 7368791 TI - [Emergency treatment in psychiatry]. PMID- 7368792 TI - [Psychotherapeutic treatment administered by psychologists]. PMID- 7368793 TI - [Patients expectations from their general practioners from a psychological viewpoint]. PMID- 7368794 TI - [Obstructive airway diseases. Practical aids for diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7368795 TI - [Sexual problems in hysterectomy]. PMID- 7368796 TI - [Piroxicam, a new non-steroid antirheumatic agent. Results of a multicentric study]. PMID- 7368797 TI - [Cerebrosclerotic agitation and sleep disorders]. PMID- 7368798 TI - [Limits of intensive medicine]. PMID- 7368799 TI - [Tasks of occupational medicine]. PMID- 7368800 TI - [The medical knowledge of laymen]. PMID- 7368802 TI - [World health day 1980. "Smoking or health--your own choice". What can the family physician contribute?]. PMID- 7368803 TI - [Heterologous insemination]. PMID- 7368801 TI - [Sex counseling in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7368804 TI - [Phytotherapy in cardiological general practice. Crossed double-blind study with a plant preparation]. PMID- 7368805 TI - [Multicentric study with the corticoid-free anti-hemorrhoid drug Factu]. PMID- 7368806 TI - [Diagnosis of hypertension]. PMID- 7368807 TI - [The shaped environment of medical offices. A place for social communication between physician and patient]. PMID- 7368809 TI - [Sexual medicine in the practice of the general physician--educational possibilities]. PMID- 7368808 TI - [The physician's duty to visit the patient]. PMID- 7368810 TI - [What is your diagnosis?]. PMID- 7368811 TI - [Union UTV demands improvement in medical education]. PMID- 7368812 TI - [Thoughts on the proposed state examination reform]. PMID- 7368813 TI - [General medicine. Model of continuous practice oriented medical education at the University of Frankfurt]. PMID- 7368814 TI - [A short internship in the United States]. PMID- 7368815 TI - [Mismanaged or untreated hemorrhoids]. PMID- 7368816 TI - [Phytotherapeutic agent Asthmakhell. Basis and long-term treatment of asthmatic bronchial obstruction]. PMID- 7368817 TI - This Virginia doctor doubles as a Senator. Interview by Carl L. Shires. PMID- 7368818 TI - Precision hip nailing by computer assisted direct observation. AB - The stakes are high in nailing the fractured hip of an elderly patient, for proper placement of the nail can save the patient from a bed-and-chair existence. The author presents a technique in which the use of a computer with television screen permits the surgeon to observe the placement of the nail as he operates, greatly enhancing percision. PMID- 7368820 TI - Is skin cancer a serious disease in Virginia? AB - Death rates from skin cancer appear to be rising in Virginia, according to mortality data, with a sharp increase indicated in the 50-64 age group. Geographic configuration of the data suggests environmental changes, and the author sees the need for a formal study of Virginia's skin cancer mortality. PMID- 7368819 TI - Donor artery changes following anastamosis. AB - By arteriographic study the authors find there is marked enlargement in diameter of the donor artery and a significant increase in blood flow following superficial temporal-middle cerebral anastamosis. PMID- 7368822 TI - Incidence of acute renal failure in alcoholic pancreatitis. PMID- 7368821 TI - Hemodialysis in children: a 12-months' experience. PMID- 7368823 TI - From the president: liability claims up, premiums may follow. PMID- 7368824 TI - Prediction of postoperative respiratory function in patients undergoing lung resection. AB - Using xenon-133 radiospirometry and formulae devised on geometric grounds, the authors predicted postoperative lung function in 12 patients who underwent lobectomy, wedge resection, or pneumonectomy for suspected carcinoma. No correlation was found, however, between preoperative, predicted, and postoperative lung function and immediate postoperative morbidity and mortality. PMID- 7368826 TI - Can you diagnose this? PMID- 7368825 TI - Diagnosis, not energy or weight, determines ventricular defibrillation. AB - In a study demonstrating 95% success in achieving defibrillation in 94 resuscitative events in adult patients, the authors find that weight did not determine that success and that the results were obtained at significantly low rates of energy output. Diagnosis was the key, they conclude, and they view the expensive high-energy defibrillators marketed today as unnecessary, potentially lethal, and economically wasteful. PMID- 7368827 TI - Brain abscess and subdural empyema: review of 21 cases. PMID- 7368828 TI - Explosion in sigmoid colon after cauterization. PMID- 7368829 TI - The Tolusa-Hunt syndrome. PMID- 7368830 TI - Crime in the libraries. PMID- 7368831 TI - Prehospital emergency cardiac care in Virginia: five years of progess. PMID- 7368832 TI - [Clinical parameters in stenoses of the supra-aortic vessels in correlation with findings by means of angiographic and ultrasonic diagnosis]. PMID- 7368833 TI - [Diagnosis of occlusive processes of the carotid artery by means of supraorbital light plethysmography]. PMID- 7368834 TI - The systolic finger blood pressure before and after establishment of a Brescia fistula. PMID- 7368835 TI - [Quantitative blood flow measurement in the lower leg by means of the effect of ultrasonics on the femoral artery (mechanism of action of ultrasonic therapy)]. PMID- 7368836 TI - [Aorto-intestinal fistula]. PMID- 7368837 TI - [The problem of direct revascularization of chronically ischemic amputation stumps]. PMID- 7368838 TI - Computed tomography in the pre-operative evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 7368839 TI - Experimental femoro-iliac and femoro-caval inferior canine venous autografts. PMID- 7368840 TI - [Late functional results after thrombectomy, fibrinolysis and conservative therapy of leg-pelvic venous thromboses]. PMID- 7368841 TI - [The transverse crossover bypass of the pelvic veins (the "high Palma")]. PMID- 7368842 TI - Congenital angiodysplasia with skeletal affection. PMID- 7368843 TI - [Clinical, placebo-controlled double-blind study of venoruton in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. Importance of the selection of patients]. PMID- 7368844 TI - [Special problems in acute thrombosis of the popliteal vein]. PMID- 7368845 TI - [Entrapment syndrome of the popliteal artery]. PMID- 7368846 TI - [Interaction between heart and lung functions in a heart-lung preparation: rheological aspects]. PMID- 7368847 TI - [Systems analysis of cardiac performance during different hemodynamic conditions]. PMID- 7368848 TI - [Cerebral and systemic blood circulation]. PMID- 7368849 TI - [Distribution of regional cerebral blood flow, determined by means of krypton 81m, in neurological and neurosurgical patients]. PMID- 7368850 TI - [Cerebral microcirculation in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7368851 TI - [Chronopathology and chronotherapy of cardiovascular function]. PMID- 7368852 TI - [Dynamics of circadian rhythms and reactivity of microvessels in cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7368853 TI - [Change in the reactivity of skeletal muscle and myocardial vessels in conditions of working and post-contraction hyperemia]. PMID- 7368854 TI - [Blood flow in the extremities in general and local hemodynamic disorders]. PMID- 7368855 TI - [Blood flow in obliterative atherosclerotic arteriopathies of the leg]. PMID- 7368856 TI - [Working hyperemia of skeletal muscles. Dynamic aspects]. PMID- 7368857 TI - [Intensity of local blood flow in typical pathological processes]. PMID- 7368858 TI - [Impaired regulation of myocardial blood supply with reduction of coronary vessel tonus]. PMID- 7368859 TI - [Arterial endothelium and smooth muscle in atherogenesis]. PMID- 7368860 TI - [Morphofunctional status of intrinsic vessels in experimental atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7368861 TI - [Mycoses in the Mongolian People's Republic]. PMID- 7368862 TI - [Various problems of the state of the autonomic nervous system in children with neurodermatitis]. PMID- 7368863 TI - [Clinico-morphological appearance of the skin in neurodermatitis treated with electrosleep and complamine]. PMID- 7368864 TI - [Blood serum immunoglobulins in dermatomycoses, pyoderma and microbial eczema]. PMID- 7368865 TI - [Skin diseases in workers of different agricultural occupations]. PMID- 7368866 TI - [Case of diabetic xanthomatosis]. PMID- 7368867 TI - [Fuchs' syndrome (mucocutaneous-ocular syndrome)]. PMID- 7368868 TI - [Psoriasis associated with lichen planus]. PMID- 7368869 TI - [Podophyllin in the treatment of lymphangioma]. PMID- 7368870 TI - [Treatment of recurrent genital herpes in men with methisazone]. PMID- 7368871 TI - [Ulcerative vaseline granuloma of the genital organs]. PMID- 7368872 TI - [Problem of pustular syphilids]. PMID- 7368873 TI - [Structural-functional characteristics of the liver in early stages of syphilis]. PMID- 7368874 TI - [Failure to detect early forms of syphilis and medical tatics in preventive treatment]. PMID- 7368875 TI - [First experience with the use of hemosorption in the treatment of psoriasis]. PMID- 7368876 TI - [Problems in studying the outcomes of pregnancy in women]. PMID- 7368877 TI - [Hygienic aspects of the study and prevention of acute intestinal infections]. PMID- 7368878 TI - [Set of measures aimed at extending the work activity capacity of copper miners]. PMID- 7368879 TI - [Method of medical physiological occupational selection]. PMID- 7368881 TI - [Tasks of the gynecologic consultation in protecting the health of mother and child]. PMID- 7368880 TI - [Moral education of the students during the problem-oriented instruction in medical subjects]. PMID- 7368882 TI - [Needs of children with nonspecific respiratory organ diseases for sanatorium health resort treatment]. PMID- 7368883 TI - [Work experience of the Sverdlovsk Province Pulmonology Center]. PMID- 7368884 TI - [Experience in summing up the results of socialist competition in an ophthalmology clinic under the brigade method of physician work]. PMID- 7368885 TI - [Ideological and political education of students]. PMID- 7368886 TI - [Health education of bacteria carriers and members of their families]. PMID- 7368887 TI - [Problems associated with long-term anticoagulant therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Two hundred and forty-six patients, a total of 7,614 months of anticoagulant therapy, are studied for complications. Grave problems occurred 4 times (1.6%). The total of major and minor problems was as high as 18%. PMID- 7368888 TI - [Complications of post-irradiation radiotherapy mandibular resection: problems of reconstruction (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred and twenty-six patients underwent a mandibular resection (segmental or marginal) as a part in the treatment of a malignant lesion. The surgical morbidity is increased by the preoperative high-dose irradiation. Complications such as osteitis and/or fracture of the mandible were noted in 31 cases (a total of 80) who underwent a preoperative external irradiation with a tumor-dose of 5,500 rads or higher, whereas only in 8 cases (a total of 46) without such preoperative radiotherapy. Prophylactic antibiotics, the use of flaps to replace the buccal mucosa without any suture-tension, replacement of the mandible by a low profile stainless steel prosthesis are advocated to reduce these postoperative complications. PMID- 7368889 TI - Single-dose parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis in gastrointestinal surgery. AB - In the course of two consecutive, double-blind and prospective studies, the authors evaluated the prophylactic effect of a single peroperative intravenous dose of gentamicin (this study included 166 patients) or the combination gentamicin and clindamycin (this study included 127 patients), on the wound infection rate following interventions involving the incision of an abdominal hollow viscus. Antibiotic prophylaxis lowered the post-operative wound sepsis rate, especially following clinically contaminated interventions, but this reduction did not reach statistical significance. It is concluded that a single peroperative parenteral dose of antibiotics does not constitute an entirely satisfactory means of wound infection prophylaxis in digestive surgery. PMID- 7368890 TI - [Paraduodenal hernia: 3 cases and revue of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of surgically treated para-duodenal hernia are presented. The literature is reviewed. Several modalities of this entity are described as well as the embryological hypotheses to explain their genesis. The diagnosis is usually made at the time of a laparotomy for bowel obstruction. The surgical manipulations to reduce the hernia content (one or several loops of small bowel) are discussed. PMID- 7368891 TI - An unusual complication of thoracentesis: haemoperitoneum. PMID- 7368892 TI - [Shock lung: introduction]. PMID- 7368893 TI - [The adult respiratory distress syndrome. Clinical signs, radiology and biological data (author's transl)]. AB - The etiology of shocklung is diverse. All causes lead to a lesion of the alveolar capillary membrane with interstitial and subsequent alveolar edema. The clinical manifestations, although variable, are progressive and can be divided into 3 stages, which are the expression of a decrease in pulmonary compliance and of hypoxemia due to a ventilation-perfusion defect (shunt effect). The diagnosis of shocklung must be differentiated from pulmonary edema of cardiac origin by right heart catheterization and demonstrate a normal capillary pressure, a pulmonary hypertension with increased pulmonary resistance and a normal or increased cardiac output. A decreased PaO2 is the first sign of a ventilation-perfusion imbalance. The problem of alveolar-capillary O2 transfer is better defined by the alveolar-arterial O2 difference, the calculation of quantity of the intrapulmonary shunt and the hyperoxia curve. The daily analysis of the hyperoxia curve allows for a better appreciation of the clinical status than the clinical and radiological signs. The prognosis of the shockening is poor inspite of better reanimation technics. The mortality is about 50% and depends on 3 factors: etiology, early diagnosis and correction of the primary insult. PMID- 7368894 TI - The true value of the carotid steal syndrome after the carotid subclavian by pass. Human experimental study. AB - Between 1964 and 1978 sixteen patients underwent a carotid subclavian by-pass in the Akademisch Ziekenhuis of Gent. Most of these patients were submitted to tests to evaluate the importance of the carotid steal effect. The patency of the vertebral artery was found to influence these tests. Two of the three patients with an occluded vertebral artery had cerebral symptoms when the peripheral resistance was lowered in the involved limb. No positive tests could be found in the twelve patients with a patient vertebral artery. These results indicate that the carotid subclavian artery by-pass performed in the presence of an occluded vertebral artery does not protect the patient from the carotid steal effect. PMID- 7368895 TI - [Unusual properties of anti-A1 antibodies in case of tumor of neural origin]. PMID- 7368896 TI - Passive transfer of demyelination by experimental allergic neuritis serum. AB - Serum from rabbits with experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) when injected into rat sciatic nerves produced rapidly evolving demyelination followed by remyelination. Myelinating and non-meylinating Schwann cells as well as myelin itself were damaged by 15 min after injection. Myelin degradation was well advanced prior to involvement by macrophages at 12 h. The demyelinating factor was myelin-specific and complement-dependent. The evidence suggests that the EAN antigen may reside in Schwann cell membranes as well as in myelin. PMID- 7368898 TI - [Subacute spongiform encephalopathy with multiform plaque formation. "Peculiar familial-hereditary disease of CNS [spinocerebellar atrophy with dementia, plaques, and plaque-like deposits in cerebellum and cerebrum" (Gerstmann, Straussler, Scheinker)] (author's transl)]. AB - Report of two unrelated cases of a rare familiar disease of degenerative nature, from a clinical point of view belonging to the spinocerebellar atrophies, combined with dementia. According to the pedigrees, the disease can be followed up to 3--4 generations. Microscopic study reveals glioneuronal dystrophy with spongiform changes together with kuru plaques and atypical plaque-like formations, hitherto only described in this disease. Nosological aspects of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7368897 TI - Deformed dendrites and reduced spine numbers on ectopic neurones in the hippocampus of rats exposed to methylazoxymethanol-acetate. A Golgi-Cox study. AB - Clusters of ectopic neurones appeared in the hippocampus of rat offspring which were exposed to the alkylating neurotoxin methylazoxymethanol-acetate (MAMac) during foetal development. The offspring were 30 and 60 days old when their brains were removed and prepared by the Golgi-Cox procedure outlined by Sholl (1953). Reductions in the number of dendritic branches, changes in apical dendritic lengths, abnormalities in the shapes of the dendritic shafts, and significant diminution in spine numbers were observed in ectopic neurones. The significance of these pathological alterations in dendritic morphology is discussed with special reference to the findings of an earlier study which revealed that afferent axons terminate upon ectopic neurones in an abnormal way. PMID- 7368899 TI - Copper-induced microtubule degeneration and filamentous inclusions in the neuroepithelium of the mouse embryo. AB - The neuroepithelium of embryos exposed either in vivo or in vitro to copper sulphate was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Exposure to copper sulphate generally resulted in failure of elevation of the neural folds, and consequent development of neural tube defects. These defects appeared to result from the failure of individual cells of the neuroepithelium to change from a low to the high columnar form necessary for normal closure to take place. Ultrastructurally, the neuroepithelial cells showed a considerable reduction in the number of microtubules present, or contained microtubular remnants. Occasionally, deposits of approximately 100A filamentous material were also observed in the middle regions of neuroepithelial cells devoid of microtubules. The overall morphology of individual cells appeared otherwise unchanged. This study supports the concept that microtubules are required for neuroepithelial cellular elongation, an essential step during the process of neurulation. It also suggests that copper, like other microtubule-active agents, may induce the production of characteristic fibrillary deposits that are also observed in a number of neuropathological conditions. PMID- 7368900 TI - Electron microprobe ultrastructural localization of aluminum in rat brain. AB - Adult white rats were injected daily for 1 month with aluminum chloride and killed. Aluminum was identified, quantitated, and localized in the brains of these rats. The only detectable anomalies were crystals of aluminum and phosphorus in lysosomes and lipofuscin granules in the cytoplasm of neurons. PMID- 7368902 TI - Persistent left superior vena cava. Incidence, associated congenital heart defects and frontal plane P-wave axis in a paediatric population with congenital heart disease. AB - Among 3 671 patients aged 0-15 years with congenital heart disease diagnosed by cardiac catheterization and/or autopsy, 49 or 1.3% had a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSBC). The distribution of PLSVC among patients with various types of congenital heart disease did not suggest any causal relationship except in patients with pulmonary atresia and in patients with anomalous pulmonary venous connection, in whom PLSVC was found more frequently than expected by a mere chance relationship. Abnormal frontal plane P-wave suggesting ectopic pacemaker activity was found in 35% of the patients with PLSVC. The potential importance of PLSVC for the surgical risk during operation for congenital heart disease and for instability of the cardiac rhythm is emphasized. PMID- 7368903 TI - Familial aggregation of blood-pressure in newly born infants and their mothers. AB - The results of blood-pressure measurements in a group of 48 women and their newly born infants are reported. The systolic blood-pressure (SBP) was measured in the infants on the 2nd or 3rd day and on the 4th or 5th day after delivery. SBP in the infants was found to increase from the first measurement at the age of 2 or 3 days to the second measurement at the age of 4-5 days. No significant correlation was found between the SBP in the mothers and the recordings in the infants aged 2 3 days but highly significant correlation was found between the SBP in the infants at 4-5 days and both the SBP (r=0.54, p less than 0.001) and the diastolic blood-pressures (r=0.37, p less than 0.05) in the mothers. Familial aggregation of blood-pressure levels has thus been demonstrated in infants at an earlier age than previously reported. PMID- 7368901 TI - Tolazoline and dopamine therapy in neonatal hypoxia and pulmonary vasospasm. AB - Severe hypoxia unresponsive to maximum ventilatory support occurs both in idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome and meconium aspiration. We recently encountered a 980 g female infant with respiratory distress syndrome and 3 300 g female infant with meconium aspiration and persistant fetal circulation whose clinical course necessitated the use of tolazoline and dopamine to reduce pulmonary and to stabilize systemic pressures. The infant with respiratory distress syndrome responded with a PaO2 increase of 2.7 kPa while the infant with persistant fetal circulation and meconium aspiration showed a 51.6 kPa rise. Combined pharmacologic therapy may have a role in improving oxygenation status in severely hypoxemic infants receiving maximum support. PMID- 7368904 TI - Coarctation of the aorta. A follow-up study after surgical treatment in infancy and childhood. AB - Between 1951 and 1973, 138 patients aged 0 to 12 years were operated on for coarctation of the aorta. Ten of 18 infants died early. There were 3 late deaths, 2 occurred suddenly and 1 after reoperation. Three of the 125 late survivors had severe, 19 had slight symptoms, while 103 had no complaints, 3 of whom refused examination. The remaining 122 cases were examined between 2 and 24 years (mean 10.9 years) after the operation. Two patients had sequelae from an operative spinal cord injury and 2 had late hemipareses (traumatic in one). Recoarctation, defined as arm/leg pressure gradient exceeding mmHg, totally occurred in 18.7%, and in 4 of 7 cases operated on in infancy. Hypertension without recoarctation was observed in 17.2% and associated cardiovascular anomalies in 18% of the late survivors. It is suggested that the optimal age for surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta is between 4 and 6 years of age. A long-term follow-up is recommended in all patients. PMID- 7368905 TI - Riboflavin in human milk. PMID- 7368906 TI - Unresponsive neonatal asphyxia associated with congenital pleural effusion. PMID- 7368907 TI - Deficient cell immunity and mild intermittent hyperaminoacidemia in a patient with the Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome. AB - A boy aged 2 years 8 months presenting the Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome (RTS) and a history of recurrent gastrointestinal and respiratory infections was studied. Partial deficient cell immunity and intermittent hyperaminoacidemia and aminoaciduria were ascertained. These findings were interpreted as evidence of phenotypic and probably genetic heterogeneity of RTS. PMID- 7368908 TI - Immunocompetence in obesity. AB - Thirty-eight % of obese children and adolescents showed a variable impairment of cell-mediated immune responses in vivo and in vitro and reduction of intracellular bacterial killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The obese group had a higher incidence of iron deficiency and moderately lower serum zinc concentrations. Levels of serum immunoglobulins, complement components C3 and C4, and numbers of T and B lymphocytes were comparable in the two groups. Serum triglycerides, cholesterol and lipoproteins were normal in all subjects. Immunologic changes correlated with the presence of subclinical deficiencies of iron and zinc. Therapy with these micronutrients for 4 weeks resulted in improvement in immunologic responses. PMID- 7368909 TI - Child health in a changing society. PMID- 7368910 TI - Serum levels of thyrotropin, thyroxine, 3,3',5-triiodothyronine and 3,3',5' triiodothyronine (reverse T3) in the first six days of life. AB - Serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4), 3,3',5 triiodothyronine (T3), and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) were determined in blood samples from 140 full-term healthy newborns, 110 appropriate weight and 30 large-for-gestational age, aged 1 to 6 days, delivered vaginally and breast-fed. Serum TSH levels decreased progressively from the 1st to the 4th day; serum T4 levels increased, with a peak on the 2nd day, and then progressively decreased until the 6th day; serum T3 levels increased to a maximum value on the 2nd day and then decreased to a minimum on the 5th day; serum rT3 levels increased during the 1st day and the level remained constant from the 2nd to the 4th day and later decreased slightly. The decrease of T3 was more pronounced than that of T4, while rT3 remained at high levels until the 4th day. Dividing the data into narrower intervals of time, it was possible to show that the maximum value of TSH was followed first by a net increase in serum T3, then in T4, and lastly in rT3 ant T3 levels. These data indicate that the rapid increase after birth of serum T3 levels is prevalently TSH-dependent; the following increase in serum levels of T3 and the increase in rT3 are prevalently T4-dependent. This study provides data concerning physiological changes in TSH and thyroid hormones in serum from a large number of infants, during the first week of life. They should be useful for the understanding of thyroid function in early postnatal life. PMID- 7368911 TI - Pubertal growth as reflected by simultaneous changes in bone mineral content and serum alkaline phosphatase. AB - Bone mineral content and total serum alkaline phosphatase were measured simultaneously in 230 normal children and adolescents aged 7-20 years. The bone mineral content showed almost no variation from the age of 7 to 13 in boys a,d 7 to 11 in girls. Thereafter a sharp increase was seen in both sexes with a highly significant sex difference between the mean values. Bone mineral content showed a fairly high correlation with age, height, weight, and surface area in boys. Before the time of the growth spurt, however, these variables were poorly correlated or not correlated at all. Concentrations of total serum alkaline phosphatase increased up to the age of 14 in boys and 11 in girls. Thereafter a rapid fall was seen in both sexes, the mean levels being significantly higher in boys. The fall approximated adult levels in boys by the age of 20 and in girls by 18. A significant negative correlation between bone mineral content and serum alkaline phosphatase was seen both in boys (r=0.71, p less than 0.001) and in girls (r=0.79, p less than 0.001). PMID- 7368912 TI - Post-natal development of factor IX. AB - Post-natal development of clotting activity and of antigen level of Factor IX was evaluated in 111 healthy, breastfed, newborn infants, aged 1-30 days. Of these, 80 had received at birth 2 mg of vitamin K1 orally. Factor IX clotting activity was determined by one-stage assay and antigen level by electroimmunoassay. On the 1st day both antigen level and clotting activity were low and the ratio was 1.01. There was a significant postnatal increase of the two activities of Factor IX during the first three days of life; thereafter both remained constant. No statistical difference inFactor IX activity was found with oral administration of vitamin K1 after the birth. During the first month of life both clotting activity and antigen level of Factor IX were low as compared to adult values. There was no correlation with age. The Factor IX protein of newborns did not show molecular heterogeneity by crossed-immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 7368913 TI - Gut transit time and lactose malabsorption during phototherapy. I. A study using lactose-free human mature milk. AB - Sixty newborn infants with normal birth weight suffering from uncomplicated hyperbilirubinemia were studied. They were fed human mature milk from which lactose had been eliminated, whereafter either sucrose ("sucrose milk") or lactose ("lactose milk") was added. 30 infants received ordinary phototherapy and 30 intensive phototherapy (blue double light). 15 in each group had "sucrose milk" and 15 "lactose milk". There was no significant difference between the increase in blood glucose (delta BS) by lactose tolerance tests performed before phototherapy (LTT1) and by those performed during phototherapy (LTT11), neither in infants treated with ordinary nor with intensive phototherapy. All infants had normal delta BS-LTT11, except one receiving ordinary phototherapy. There was no significant difference in gut transit time between infants having "sucrose milk" and infants having "lactose milk", neither in those treated with ordinary nor with intensive phototherapy. Gut transit time was significantly shorter in infants treated with intensive phototherapy than in infants treated with ordinary phototherapy without there being any significant difference in delta BS-LTT11. The infant with flat LTT11 may have developed lactose malabsorption during the phototherapy. Thus, lactose malabsorption is not the usual cause of the reduced gut transit time during phototherapy and must be a rare complication in phototherapy. PMID- 7368914 TI - Gut transit time and lactose malabsorption during phototherapy. II. A study using raw milk from the mothers of the infants. AB - Thirty newborn infants with normal birth weight suffering from uncomplicated hyperbilirubinemia were studied. 15 infants received ordinary phototherapy and 15 intensive phototherapy (blue double light). All infants received their mothers' milk or fresh milk from mothers of other newborn infants of the same age. All infants had normal lactose tolerance test during the phototherapy, except one infant receiving ordinary transit time was relatively long. The gut transit time was significantly shorter in the infants treated with intensive phototherapy than in those treated with ordinary phototherapy without there being any significant difference in the increase in blood glucose by lactose tolerance tests. It is concluded that lactose malabsorption is not the usual cause of the reduced gut transit time during phototherapy even if the infants receive their mothers' milk. PMID- 7368915 TI - Activity of the internal anal sphincter during the first days of life. AB - Manometric recordings of the internal anal sphincter activity are frequently used in the diagnosis of Hirschprung's disease. Normally, there is a relaxation of the internal sphincter in response to a rectal distension, but this is absent in Hirschprung's disease. In order to study the normal physiology during the first days of life, 17 healthy full-term infants were examined daily with ano-rectal manometry during the first four days of life. Resting anal pressure was lower than in older children. Internal sphincter relaxation was recorded in all infants but one on the first day, in all on the second and finally in all but one on the third and fourth days. The results indicate that anorectal manometry may be used in the diagnosis of Hirschprung's disease also in the newborn period. However, repeated examinations may be necessary and the diagnostic reliability may be somewhat lower than in older children. PMID- 7368916 TI - Diagnostic value of sucrose tolerance test in children evaluated by breath hydrogen measurement. AB - An oral sucrose tolerance test was performed in a group of 103 children, aged between 3 months and 15 years because of episodic diarrhea and/or abdominal pains. Sucrose malabsorption defined as an abnormal increase in expired hydrogen, was found in only 3 children who suffered from congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. This 1% incidence of sucrose malabsorption was lower than the incidence of lactose malabsorption found in this group (33%). Mean rise in blood glucose during the sucrose test was higher (3.4 +/- 1.4 vs. 2.4 +/- 1.2 mmol/l, p less than 0.0001) and the occurrence of false flat blood glucose curves was lower (3% vs. 12.8%, p less than 0.05) than during the lactose test. These findings are consistent with the higher sucrase activity in the small bowel mucosa compared to lactase. In contrast to the lactose tolerance test, sucrose tolerance test should not be used as a screening procedure for secondary disaccharidase deficiency in children. PMID- 7368917 TI - Renal compensatory hypertrophy in children with unilateral renal disease. AB - Kidney parenchymal size was estimated on urograms from 22 children with unilateral vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR), 14 children with bilateral VUR and seven children with unilateral heminephrectomy. In the bilateral VUR group, one kidney was roentgenologically normal and the other was growth-retarded. The GFR was estimated in 19 of the children. The age of the children was 3-17 years and all had a history of urinary tract infection. The size of the smaller kidney varied between 33-97% of normal. Children in the unilateral VUR group with a small kidney due to scarring and/or growth retardation showed a varying degree of compensatory hypertrophy in the contralateral kidney, which was proportional to the parenchymal reduction. This compensation was inhibited in the bilateral VUR group. There was a positive correlation between the GFR and kidney size. PMID- 7368918 TI - Recent trends in breast-feeding in Southern Finland. AB - A retrospective study on breast-feeding (BF) during 1962-77 has been carried out for the province of Uusimaa. The study was based on 35 815 child health records kept by community health centres. Information was entered in 76% of the records, the percentage improving from 52 to 94 during the study period. The average duration of BF was observed to decline steadily from 2.3 months in 1962 to 1.7 in 1971, increasing thereafter to 3.6 months by the end of the study. A similar pattern of slow decline turning to a sharp rise by 1971 can be seen in the percentage of mothers beginning BF, and various time categories of nursing. The observed increase in BF is attributed to changing general attitudes, which also play a role, as the increase in BF coincides with extensions of maternity leave from 2 to 7 months in the seventies. The results indicate a favourable response to efforts to promote BF and suggest that these efforts should be continued and intensified. PMID- 7368919 TI - Vitamin B12 in human colostrum and milk. Quantitation of the vitamin and its binder and the uptake of bound vitamin B12 by intestinal bacteria. AB - The concentration of vitamin B12 was measured by microbiological assay in 229 samples of normal human colostrum and milk taken at various stages of lactation. Colostrum obtained within 48 hours of delivery contains high concentrations of vitamin B12 (mean 2 431 pg/ml), but within a few days the levels fall to a range similar to the levels in normal serum. The vitamin B12 binding capacity of 111 samples of colostrum and milk was estimated by gel filtration or charcoal binding. Colostrum samples have a mean binding capacity of 72 ng/ml, while the binding capacity in milk is only one third of this value. The ability of a range of intestinal bacteria to take up colostrum-bound vitamin B12, was assessed. All the organisms took up free vitamin B12, but when the vitamin was bound in colostrum, there was little or no uptake even after 24 hours incubation. PMID- 7368920 TI - Music and the small human being. PMID- 7368921 TI - Childhood hyperthyroidism. Results of treatment. AB - 40 hyperthyroid children were followed for 0.2--12 (mean 4.5) years. The treatment was antithyroid drugs in 20, subtotal thyroidectomy after a drug trial in 18 and primary thyroidectomy in 2 patients. 4 patients who relapsed (3 after surgery and 1 after a drug trial) were given radioiodide. 11 of the surgically treated glands were nodular. At the follow-up study 24 patients were euthyroid, 7 were on thyroxine therapy and in 5 others hypothyroidism was discovered. 2 subjects were still on antithyroid drugs and 2 relapsed. In 5 euthyroid patients the TRH test revealed a low thyroid reserve. In 28 of 34 subjects examined circulating antibodies to thyroid microsomes were present in high titres. Evidently, regular follow-up is needed because of the high risk of hypothyroidism. PMID- 7368922 TI - Deep actinomycosis in childhood. AB - Visceral actinomycosis is extremely rare in childhood. Two cases of visceral actinomycosis in children are described, and the importance of accurate mycological diagnosis and early treatment emphasized. The outcome in one case would very probably have been fatal had the diagnosis not been considered promptly, and in the other the child would have received ineffective chemotherapy. A new observation is the presence of a defective immune response during the acute infection which returns to normal during convalescence. PMID- 7368925 TI - Serum group I pepsinogens in children. AB - Serum group I pepsinogens (PG I) were determined by a radioimmunoassay method in blood drawn from premature and newborn infants, children of various ages, a control group of young healthy adults, and a group of women at delivery. Very low concentrations of PG I were found in blood of prematures and newborns, and there was no correlation between serum PG I in women at delivery and their newborn full term infants. Serum PG I rose abruptly during the early months of life, but remained significantly reduced up to the age of 10 years. These findings are in agreement with those reports showing an increasing pepsin secretion during childhood, and thus indirectly lend support to the use of serum PG I as an estimate of gastric pepsin secretion. PMID- 7368924 TI - Plasma pancreatic polypeptide in the human neonate. AB - Plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations have been studied in 197 healthy term and preterm infants. At birth plasma concentrations were lower than those found in the young fasting adult (p less than 0.01), but by the sixth postnatal day in both term and preterm infants basal concentrations had risen to adult levels. In preterm infants, who were studied at two further postnatal ages, 13 and 24 days, basal plasma PP concentrations peaked at 13 days with levels that were over twice those seen in fasting adults (p less than 0.005). However, the marked PP elevations following feeding that have been reported in adults, were not seen in any of the groups of neonates studied. PP physiology thus appears to differ in neonates and adults. These findings may be relevant to adaptation to postnatal life. PMID- 7368926 TI - Lipids and lipoproteins in 350 Danish schoolchildren, ages 7 to 18 years. AB - Serum lipids and lipoprotein-lipids were measured in 350 Danish schoolchildren, ages 7 to 18 years. The children had been randomly selected and serve as an urban reference population. Only in boys did serum triglyceride and VLDL-cholesterol increase significantly with age, whereas the other lipoprotein-lipids remained almost constant during adolescence. LDL-cholesterol was found to be higher and HDL-cholesterol lower than in American children, suggesting that Danish children may be more prone to develop coronary heart disease in adult life. PMID- 7368923 TI - Autoantibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - Sera from 35 patients, 17 boys and 18 girls, with cystic fibrosis were analysed for autoantibodies to the Tamm-Horsfall protein. Significantly (p less than 0.001) elevated levels of specific IgG and IgA, but not IgM antibodies to Tamm Horsfall protein were found. There was a considerable overlap between the values in the disease group and the control group. The highest values were found among the patients with liver involvement. The patients with marked lung abnormalities as well as those with positive bacterial culture of sputum had normal antibody levels. PMID- 7368927 TI - Growth patterns of cardiac structures and changes in systolic time intervals in the newborn and infant. A longitudinal echocardiographic study. AB - A longitudinal study was undertaken in 21 newborns to determine cardiac growth pattern by echocardiography over the course of the first year of life. Most cardiac structures increased in size as a linear function of age and weight; however, the right ventricular end-diastolic diameter remained unchanged so that the RV/LV ratio decreased as a parabolic function of age. Left and right ventricular systolic time intervals (RVSTI, LVSTI) after birth were also studied. The ratio of left ventricular preejection period (LVPEP) to left ventricular ejection time (LVET) decreased markedly immediately after birth and subsequently remained at a constant mean value (0.30 +/- 0.04) for the rest of the study period. Right ventricular systolic time interval ratios (RVPEP/RVET) decreased rapidly and significantly during the first day of life (from a mean value of 0.39 +/- 0.08 in the first 24 hours to 0.28 +/- 0.05 on the 6th day of life). Constant values of 0.24 +/- 0.03 were found from the 3rd month of life onwards. The decrease in RVPEP/RVET in the first days of life followed a parabolic function reflecting the physiological decrease of pulmonary vascular resistance after birth. PMID- 7368929 TI - Vincristine in the treatment of postinfectious and neonatal thrombocytopenia. PMID- 7368928 TI - Iron release from the stores: a mechanism in maintenance of concentration of hemoglobin in low-birth-weight infants. AB - After the resuming of the postnatal red cell production at two months of age infants are dependant on storage iron due to the great need for iron at a time when the iron content of the diet is low. This is even further accentuated in low birth-weight infants. In this study the release of storage iron in the hemoglobin pool. During the two month period from two to four months of age at least 20 mg of iron per month was transferred from the storage sites for hemoglobin production. This amount represents 5 mg per kg of body weight and exceeds the rate iron was mobilized from storage sites in an adult male under experimental conditions. Rapid weight gain was associated with early depletion of iron stores. However, residual iron stores in infants with the slowest growth rate could not maintain the level of hemoglobin achieved in iron-supplemented low-birth-weight infants. These findings suggest that in rapidly growing low-birth-weight infants the need of iron for erythropoiesis is so great that iron deficient erythropoiesis may develop in the presence of iron stores if the diet is not supplemented with iron. PMID- 7368930 TI - Occult neuroblastoma presenting with cerebellar symptoms; results of computed tomography. PMID- 7368931 TI - Hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus and the congenital rubella syndrome. AB - A male patient born to a mother who developed rubella during the tenth week of gestation presented a typical congenital rubella syndrome with mental retardation, neuro-sensory deafness, hypoplasia of the dental enamel and chorioretinitis. Hyperthyroidism occurred at the age of 3 10/12 years and was treated successfully with propylthiouracil for 4 years. The course was complicated by premature craniosynostosis and a craniectomy was performed at the age of 7 years. Overt diabetes mellitus developed at 17 years and was well controlled by insulin therapy. Histocompatilibity (HLA) antigens were A2, B8, B40. Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders have previously been reported after congenital rubella, and recently after congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Our patient had both endocrinopaties. It is possible that HLA B8 antigens might be responsible for increased susceptibility to rubella infection. PMID- 7368932 TI - An arthropathic form of osteogenesis imperfecta. AB - A 14-year-old girl gradually developed severe osteoporosis and destructive generalized joint disease, resulting in joint stiffness and anchyloses. She also had moderate hydroxyprolinemia and hydroxyprolinuria. Rheumatoid arthritis was highly unlikely. Anamnestic data revealed two long bone fractures. Collagen biosynthesis was studied in fibroblasts cultured from the patient's skin. Chromatograms of 3H-labelled culture media proteins on ion exchange celluloses revealed an increased ratio of type III collagen to type I collagen when compared with the chromatograms of age-matched control fibroblasts. This finding is typical of certain cell strains in osteogenesis imperfecta. The patient might thus express a new variety of osteogenesis imperfecta with chronic arthropathy. PMID- 7368933 TI - Severe polyarthritis following Campylobacter enteritis in a 12-year-old boy. AB - A severe attack of acute polyarthritis following a verified Campylobacter jejuni enteritis is described in a 12-year-old boy. The patient possesses the HLA-B27 antigen--often found in postinfectious arthritis following acute enteric infections. The ASO titre showed a significant rise, but other serological findings and the clinical course made streptococcal infection unlikely. Investigations to elucidate cross-reactivity between the two micro-organisms turned out negative. PMID- 7368935 TI - Pattern of intimal folds around intercostal artery orifices in rabbit aorta. A reflection of pattern of blood flow? AB - The pattern of intimal folds was studied around intercostal artery orifices in rabbit aorta by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The area just proximal and distal to the orifices revealed a smooth surface lacking folds, reflected by a stretched internal elastic membrane which showed no undulation. Lateral as well as further proximal and distal well-preserved folds were observed. It is reasonable to suppose that the pattern of intimal folds in this area reflects the special flow conditions prevailing in and at the intercostal artery orifices. PMID- 7368934 TI - Effect of estradiol and progesterone on the adenylate cyclase activity in grafts of 3-methylcholanthrene induced carcinomas in the mouse uterine cervix. AB - Grafts from a methylcholanthrene induced mouse uterine cervical carcinoma (NMRI mice) were grown in neonatal female mouse hosts. The hosts were treated for 12 days with estradiol and progesterone alone or in combination. Controls were injected with the solvent (olive oil) only. Pieces from every graft were used for histological study, for study of the proliferation rate and for study of the adenylate cyclase activity in homogenate. All the grafts were well differentiated squamous carcinomas and the histological picture was the same irrespective of hormonal treatment. The proliferation rate was the same in control grafts as in those from hosts treated with hormones. Grafts from progesterone and progesterone/estradiol injected hosts had significantly higher levels of adenylate cyclase activity compared with grafts from control hosts. Estradiol alone resulted in a trend towards increased activity but the difference to controls was not statistically significant. PMID- 7368936 TI - Diagnostic value of modified fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the kidney in glomerular diseases. AB - 43 renal fine-needles aspirates, obtained with a modified sampling technique were subjected to ultrastructural examination with the aim of assessing the diagnostic value of this method in various glomerular diseases. Findings in the aspiration specimens, consisting of solitary glomeruli, were regarded as diagnostic in 35% of the cases. When considered together with clinical data, the fine-needle aspiration biopsies were suggestive of diagnosis or provided valuable information in a further 49% of the cases. Due to the small outer diameter of the fine needle, 0.7 mm, complications following this kind of biopsy are practically negligible. Thus, it offers a safe alternative to the conventional renal biopsy methods utilizing large-bored cutting needles in cases where biopsies with these methods are contraindicated. PMID- 7368937 TI - Trabecular bone mineralization lag time determined by tetracycline double labeling in normal and certain pathological conditions. AB - Quantitative histomorphometric analyses of iliac crest biopsy specimens were performed after tetracycline double-labeling in 41 normal individuals, 20 hyper- and 10 hypothyroid patients, 18 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, 20 epileptic patients receiving long-term anticonvulsant therapy, and 17 patients after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. The mineralization lag time in trabecular bone or the period of time between apposition and subsequent mineralization of osteoid was calculated from the bone formation rate at BMU level (Basic Multicellular Unit) and the mean width of osteoid seams. The mineralization lag time was 8-52 days (median 21 days) in normal individuals and showed no variation with sex or age. The mineralization lag time was shortened in hyperthyroidism, normal in anticonvulsant bone disease and in primary hyperparathyroidism, and markedly prolonged in hypothyroidism and following jejunoileal bypass. Among all individuals an inverse hyperbolic relation (r = 0.94, p less than 0.001) was found between the mineralization lag time and the average cellular activity of the osteoblasts. PMID- 7368938 TI - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. A clinico-pathological study with special reference to pathogenesis. PMID- 7368939 TI - Distribution of atherosclerosis in human descending thoracic aorta. A morphometric study. AB - A morphometric study of 49 randomly selected human aortas is reported with regard to the distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in the descending thoracic aorta (DTA). The intercostal artery area (ICA-area) revealed a higher degree of atherosclerosis compared with the remaining part of the DTA. The difference was more striking at overall lower grades of atherosclerosis of the DTA. The ventral aspect of the DTA in the proximal and caudal thirds showed a higher degree of atherosclerosis compared with the middle third. The atherosclerotic indices of the proximal and distal areas correlated significantly with increasing heart weights but not for the middle third. The explanation of this is, presumably, irregular flow conditions. For the distal part a possible effect of continuous pounding of an enlarged heart upon the ventral aspect of the descending thoracic aorta is discussed. PMID- 7368940 TI - Growth inhibition of Streptococcus mutans strain OMZ 176 by xylitol. AB - The present study showed that xylitol exhibited a dose-related inhibition of the growth of Streptococcus mutans in a Brain Heart Infusion medium. It is suggested that the mechanism involved may be an effect of the translocation of glucose across the bacterial cell membrane. Sorbitol showed no similar effect but caused a delay in the reaching of the stationary phase. PMID- 7368942 TI - The pharmacokinetics of dihydroergotamine in the beagle dog after a single intravenous injection and after a continuous intravenous infusion. AB - The pharmacokinetics of dihydroergotamine (DHE) was studied in 6 beagles after a single 2.0 mg intravenous dose and after a continuous intravenous infusion (dose 2.0 mg, infusion time 51 min.=2.8-3.5 micrograms/min./kg). The concentrations of DHE in the plasma during 6 hours were determined by a radioimmunoassay. The mean alpha-phase T1/2 was 0.92 min. and 5.93 min., the mean beta-phase T1/2 was 104.42 min. and 115.79 min., and the mean plasma clearance value 202.88 ml/min. and 234.79 ml/min. after a single intravenous injection a continuous infusion administration, respectively. Similarly, the Vdc - values were 0.121/kg and significantly from each other. The simulated concentrations of DHE in the peripheral compartment increased rapidly explaining its fast effect on the vasculature in clinical use. PMID- 7368941 TI - Enterotoxin production by Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia enterocolitica like microbes at 22 degrees C and 37 degrees C. AB - A total of 32 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica-like microbes were examined for their ability to produce E. coli ST-like enterotoxin when grown at 22 degrees C and 37 degrees C, using the infant mouse assay. Enterotoxin production was indicated for 19 (59%) of the 32 strains examined. Nine of ten sucrose non-fermenting strains belonging to O-serogroup 28 produced enterotoxin at both 22 degrees C and at 37 degrees C. Eight of these strains were obtained from the intestinal contents of apparently healthy small mammals or from water samples at three different localities in Norway. One O-serogroup 28 culture was a reference strain received from Institut Pasteur, Paris. With the exception of O-serogroup 28, enterotoxins were detected only after incubation at 22 degrees C. The infant mouse assay was positive for all the four clinical isolates belonging to O-serogroup 3/biotype 4. Six of 13 different reference strains were positive in this assay. PMID- 7368943 TI - Plasma and tissue concentrations of methylergometrine (methylergonovine) in the rabbit. AB - The concentrations of methylergometrine (M) (methylergonovine) in the plasma, uterus, liver, and kidneys of the rabbit were determined by a radioimmunoassay after a single 0.2 mg/kg intravenous injection and the drug response was studied in the uterus in situ. M disappeared quickly from the plasma with a mean distribution phase half-life of 0.91 min. According to the fast uterine tissue uptake of M the drug response in this effector organ began quickly. The stimulated concentrations in the peripheral compartment of the two-compartment open model can be useful in the understanding of the rapid drug effect, but they do not describe the real situation in any particular tissue. PMID- 7368944 TI - Effects of amitriptyline and clomipramine in the isolated, perfused rabbit heart. AB - The cardiac effects of supratherapeutic concentrations of two tricyclic antidepressants were studied in isolated rabbit hearts, which were perfused with a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 0.25 or 0.50 micrograms ml-1 of amitriptyline or 0.28 micrograms mg-1 of clomipramine. The following parameters were continuously recorded:heart rate, amplitude and rate of contraction, coronary flow rate, myocardial oxygen consumption and ECG. The lowest concentration of amitriptyline caused a time correlated decrease (20%) in the frequency of spontaneous beating and a pronounced decrease in the amplitude (62%) and rate of cardiac contraction (58%). Maximum increases of the PQ-interval of about 46% and of the QRS-complex of about 100% were observed. At the higher amitriptyline concentration these effect further increased. Clomipramine 0.28 micrograms ml-1 also had a very pronounced and time correlated negative inotropic effect, but the effects upon the conduction velocities were substantially lesser than those produced by the equimilar concentration of amitriptyline. The compounds caused only insignificant changes in coronary flow. The oxygen consumption did not decrease in proportion to the decrease in contractility, as an expression of decreased myocardial efficiency. The effects of the drugs are discussed in relation to theri myocardial accumulation pharmacokinetics and influence upon the membraneous sodium and calcium flux and intracellular metabolism. PMID- 7368945 TI - Structural requirements for uptake into serotoninergic neurones. AB - Experiments were performed to examine whether non-hydroxylated tryptamines and 4 chloroamphetamine utilize the membrane 5-hydroxytryptamine carrier to pass into serotoninergic neurones. The accumulation and deamination of 14C-tryptamine by mouse brain slices or homogenates of rat hypothalamus were not inhibited by cocaine or norzimelidine, a selective inhibitor of the neuronal 5-HT uptake. The prevention by alpha-methyltryptamine (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), alpha ethyltryptamine (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and 4-chloroamphetamine (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) of the irreversible inhibtion of monoamine oxidase by pheniprazine (2.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and clorgyline (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally) in serotoninergic synaptosomes from mouse brain was not antagonized by pretreatment of the animals with norzimelidine (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally). The partial preventing effect of alpha-ethyl-4-methyl-m tyramine (H 75/12)(2 X 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally) was, on the other hand, antagonized by norzimelidine. These results do not support the hypothesis that non-hydroxylated tryptamines and 4-chloroamphetamine are transported by the 5-HT carrier. PMID- 7368946 TI - Placental transmission and foetal distribution of 3H-ouabain. AB - Placental transfer and foetal distribution of 3H-ouabain were studied in eight pregnant women undergoing legal termination of pregnancy during the first half of gestation. The 3H activity in maternal and foetal plasma, in foetal tissues and amniotic fluid was estimated using the oxidation method. The intactness of the labelled drug was determined by thin-layer chromatography. 3H-ouabain rapidly disappeared from the maternal blood-steam, and a measurable amount of 3H activity was already present in the umbilical blood of the foetus two min. after the administration of the drug into the maternal blood. The foetal plasma 3H values were lower than the maternal values during the time interval 2 to 120 min. after injection, and the foetal 3H plasma concentrations approximated the maternal values five hours after drug administration. The 3H concentrations found in the amniotic fluid were lower than those in the corresponding maternal or foetal plasma samples. The distribution of ouabain in the foetal tissues was relatively uniform, with the highest 3H concentrations found in the heart and placenta, the lowest in the brain. The results suggest that the human foetal heart has some capacity to bind ouabain even during the first half of gestation. PMID- 7368947 TI - Comparative ototoxic effects of RU 25434, amikacin and neomycin in guinea-pigs. AB - The ototoxic effects of RU 25434, a new semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic, were compared to those of amikacin and neomycin. Experiments were performed in adult and new-born guinea-pigs, ototoxicity being assessed by Preyer's reflex response and the measurement of the cochlear microphonic potentials at the end of treatment. The well known ototoxicity of neomycin was observed and RU 25434 appeared to be relatively less toxic than amikacin. The use of new-born guinea pigs seem to be particularly suitable for this type of study because of their apparent sensitivity to ototoxicity. PMID- 7368948 TI - Contralateral circling behaviour induced by intranigral injection of taurine in rats. AB - A study was made of the effect of unilateral injection of taurine into the substantia nigra on the behaviour of rats. Taurine (10-200 micrograms) induced a dose-dependent contralateral circling behaviour. The maximum intensity of circling after doses of 100-200 micrograms of taurine was reached within 10 min. and the circling lasted for about 4-5 hrs. There was neither ipsilateral circling nor stereotyped behaviour. Intranigral injection of isethionic acid, a metabolite of taurine, induced weak ipsilateral circling of short duration. Pretreatment with bicuculline (3 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or strychnine (0.25 mg/kg intraperitoneally) significantly inhibited the taurine-induced circling. A dose of 1 mg/kg but not of 0.5 mg/kg of haloperidol (subcutaneously) significantly decreased the intensity of the taurine-induced circling. Pretreatment with atropine (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) had no significant effect on the circling behaviour. Besides the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway, the nondopaminergic nigral output pathways also seem to be involved in the taurine-induced circling behaviour. The results show that taurine may play some role in the function of the substantia nigra. PMID- 7368949 TI - Tetrahydro-beta-carbolines and corresponding tryptamines: In vitro inhibition of serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline uptake in rat brain synaptosomes. AB - The structure activity relationships of tryptolines and some other beta carbolines and tryptamines as inhibitors of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) uptake were studied in rat brain synaptosomes. All beta carbolines inhibited to higher degree the uptake of 5-HT than that of DA or NA(IC50's 5-100 times lower). The most potent tryptoline derivative was 6-hydroxy tetrahydro-beta-carboline (5-hydroxytryptoline, 6-OH-THBC) with an IC50 of 5.0 x 10(-7) M at a 5-HT concentration of 10(-7) M. 6-Methoxy-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (5-methoxytryptoline) was slightly weaker; the inhibition of 5-HT uptake and DA uptake being competitive. Also tetrahydro-beta-carboline (tryptoline) was more potent than its 1-methylderivative, tetrahydroharmane (methtryptoline) or norharmane (beta-carboline). All of them were, however, weaker inhibitors of 5-HT uptake than the freely rotating indoleamines N-methyl-tryptamine (N-Me-T) or 5-HT itself. N-Me-T and 5-HT were also more potent inhibitors of DA and NA uptake than most of the beta-carbolines, DA uptake, however, was inhibited better by 6-OH THBC than by 5-HT or N-ME-T. Tetrahydro-beta-carbolines may inhibit 5-HT uptake also in vivo but is unlikely that catecholamine uptake is affected. PMID- 7368950 TI - Tetrahydro-beta-carbolines and corresponding tryptamines: In vitro inhibition of serotonin and dopamine uptake by human blood platelets. AB - Tetrahydro-beta-carbolines (THBCs), 6-methoxyharmalan and norharman and the corresponding open chain tryptamines studied inhibited t-hydroxytrypere better inhibitors of DA than 5-HT uptake but THBCs generally were far more potent inhibitors of 5-HT uptake than of DA uptake. 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta carboline was as potent as 5-HT itself 3H-5-HT uptake inhibition in platelets and the inhibition was competitive. All the beta-carbolines studied were more potent inhibitors of 3h-da uptake than DA itself. Contrary to results in rat brain synaptosomes, THBCs were more potent in platelets than the corresponding tryptamines with the freely rotating ethylamine side chain. Unsaturated beta carbolines were weaker inhibitors than THBCs. The clear difference in the rank order of potencies of these compounds in human platelets and rat brain synaptosomes demonstrates that these different model systems for amine uptake studies do not always give comparable results. The results also suggest that there are differences in the uptake systems for 5-HT and DA in human platelets. PMID- 7368951 TI - Memory for movement: interaction of location and distance cues and imagery ability. PMID- 7368952 TI - Sensory modality and method of item information presentation in memory. PMID- 7368953 TI - Slow brain potentials in the CNV-paradigm. PMID- 7368954 TI - Sequential motor ability of left-handed inverted and non-inverted writers. PMID- 7368955 TI - Attention to words in different modalities: four-channel presentation with physical and semantic selection. PMID- 7368956 TI - "Selective inertia" of biological traits--study of two mountain populations in Yugoslavia. PMID- 7368957 TI - [Anthropometric characteristics of the 22 to 41-year-old population of Croatia]. PMID- 7368958 TI - [Purification of a fraction of urine and its activity on incorporation with 35SO4 in vivo]. PMID- 7368959 TI - Energy balance and alcoholized state of drivers and their significance to traffic accident injuries. PMID- 7368963 TI - Atrial fibrillation-some current problems. PMID- 7368961 TI - Treatment of herpes zoster with PUVA. A clinical, serological and histological follow-up-study. PMID- 7368962 TI - [The ratio of nonessential to essential amino acids in persons with a 2/3 gastric resection]. PMID- 7368960 TI - [Isolation of a tripeptide with sulfation activity from calf skeletal muscle]. PMID- 7368964 TI - Scalene node biopsy in sarcoidosis. AB - Scalene node biopsy was performed by a trained surgeon in 39 patients with established sarcoidosis. The diagnostic yield in this group was compared wtih the results in 43 patients with established sarcoidosis who had been subjected to routine scalene node biopsies at the same clinic. Sarcoid tissue was found in 82% of the patients operated on by the trained surgeon compared with 47% in the other group. It is concluded that, in the hand of a trained surgeon with a good operating technique. scalene node biopsy is a good alternative for obtaining tissue from sarcoidosis patients for histopathological examination. PMID- 7368965 TI - Effect of cyclofenil treatment on arterial insufficiency demonstrated in a patient by colour thermography. AB - Cyclofenil, 200 mg t.i.d., was administered for four months to a 67-year-old woman, who suffered from a combination of scleroderma, Osler-Weber-Rendu disease and a severe atherosclerotic circulatory insufficiency. The effects on the severely impaired skin circulation in the face and hands were followed and recorded by colour isothermograms, using the AGA monitor system. The treatment resulted in a marked improvement of the arterial circulation with disappearance of the Raynaud phenomenon, complete arrest of gastrointestinal bleeding, disappearance of malabsorption, and relief of the joint stiffness. PMID- 7368966 TI - Reversible bone marrow granulomas-adverse effect of oxyphenbutazone therapy. AB - A 48-year-old woman treated with oxyphenbutazone developed fever, gastrointestinal disturbances, mucocutaneous reactions, leukopenia, eosinophilia and thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow biopsy showed granulomatous lesions. Following withdrawal of the drug, all signs and symptoms subsided and the blood changes and the bone marrow biopsy normalized. The granulomatous reaction in the bone marrow is considered to be a hypersensitivity manifestation of oxyphenbutazone. PMID- 7368967 TI - Minor signs and symptoms of toxicity in a young woman in spite of massive thyroxine ingestion. AB - The serum concentrations of thyroxine, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and 3,3',5' triiodothyronine were followed during nine days in a case of acute thyroxine intoxication. On admission the concentrations were 11-12 times, 5-6 times and 16 times the normal mean, respectively. There was a striking discrepancy between the high concentrations of active hormones and the minor clinical symptoms. PMID- 7368968 TI - Plasma free fatty acids and the incidence of arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction during treatment with small doses of subcutaneous heparin or warfarin. AB - In a prospective trial, 99 patients with a history of AMI of less than 12 hours were allocated at random to treatment with subcutaneous heparin, 5 000 IU twice daily, (51 patients) or warfarin (48 patients). In a subsample of 21 patients, 11 in the warfarin group and 10 in the heparin group, fasting FFA analyses were performed before and 2 hours after administration of anticoagulants on days 1 and 2. No measurable increase in FFA concentrations was demonstrated in the heparin treated patients, in spite of a significant influence on the thrombin clotting time. The frequency of ventricular arrhythmias as detected by continuous tape recordings was equal in the two groups. It is concluded that subcutaneous heparin, 5 000 IU every 12 hours, can be administered to patients with AMI without increasing the risk of arrhythmias as compared with warfarin. PMID- 7368969 TI - Influenza A1 myocarditis in conscripts. AB - The incidence of viral myocarditis was studied prospectively at the Central Military Hospital 1 in Finland in connection with an A1 virus influenza epidemic in Jan. 1978. Of 104 conscripts taken consecutively to hospital because of a sudden respiratory infection, 41 had serologically confirmed influenza A, 37 were serologically negative, while in 26 it was not possible to carry out complete virological analyses. Six of the serologically confirmed influenza patients had acute myocarditis on the basis of serial electrocardiographic ST segment and/or T wave changes, unresponsive to beta-blockade. The incidence of the influenza A myocarditis was thus 9% of the 67 verified and suspected cases of influenza taken together. Multidirectional echocardiography revealed regional myocardial dysfunction in all the influenza patients with myocarditis; the MB-CK isoenzyme was elevated in 3 of them. The ECG changes found in connection with influenza thus commonly indicate the presence of myocardial involvement, usually a mild one. PMID- 7368970 TI - Prognostication in acute cerebrovascular disease. Subjective assessment and test of a prognostic score. AB - Subjective assessment of the short-term outcome and functional state at discharge was made shortly after admission in 200 consecutive patients with acute cerebrovascular disease (CVD) treated in a stroke unit. The assessments proved correct in 59% of the patients. The accuracy of the predictions was not significantly better in patients with a correct preliminary disanosis than in those with a false. When a known prognostic score for prediction of hospital mortality was tested on 179 of the patients with cerebral haemorrhage or infarction, a correct trend was noted. The score was best applicable in patients with serious symptoms and those with only minor deficit on admission. A high sensitivity of the score was combined with a relatively low specificity. A true comparison between the predictive value of the score and the quality of the subjective assessments was difficult as the latter, in addition to prediction of mortality, also included predicton of the patient's functional state at discharge. The degree of neurological deficit rather than the type of cerebrovascular lesion seemed associated with the short-term outcome. Improvement of the quality of prognostic assessments in CVD is warranted. PMID- 7368971 TI - The effectiveness of clonidine as an antihypertensive in a two-dose regimen. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of clonidine as an antihypertensive in a b.i.d. schedule 150--300 micrograms daily was evaluated. The blood pressure reduction in patients with essential hypertension was satisfactory on this regimen and the steady-state plasma concentrations were within the BP-lowering concentration range at the end of a dosage interval. PMID- 7368972 TI - A comparative study of cardioselective beta-blockade and diazepam in patients wtih acute myocardial infarction and tachycardia. AB - Eighty-seven patients with an acute myocardial infarction and a pulse rate of greater than or equal to 80/min on admission were randomly allotted to one group given cardioselective beta-blockade, a second group given diazepam, and a third group given placebo. The three groups were comparable in age, sex distribution, previous history of ischemic heart disease, initial pulse rate, blood pressure, pain index, enzyme values, and degree of ST elevation. The acute mortality (within 10 days) did not differ between the groups. The drug treatment elicited no reduction of infarct size, as judged from enzyme levels, degree of reduction of ST elevation, or physical exercise capacity. The reasons for this negative result are discussed. One possibility is that in routine clinical practice the therapeutic intervention starts too late after onset of symptoms. A beneficial effect on mortality among the patients whose treatment started early after onset of symptoms supports this conclusion. PMID- 7368973 TI - Spontaneous reversion from long-lasting atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. AB - We have collected 23 cases with atrial fibrillation (AF) of 3-29 years' duration with spontaneous reversion to sinus rhythm (SR). We have also identified 22 similar cases in the literature. Several of our patients spent several years with different atrial arrhythmias before a stable SR was established. Of all the 45 cases, 39 had significant rheumatic mitral valve disease. In the majority of these patients the ECG shows first degree AV block after return to SR and a low amplitude P-wave--as if the left atrial P component was lacking. There are no signs of left atrial mechanical activity after re-establishment of SR in our mitral valve disease group, as judged from phonocardiograms, apexcardiograms, echocardiograms and left atrial pressure recordings in selected patients. Heart muscle biopsy was obtained from two patients who underwent mitral valve surgery. Left atrial speciments showed almost complete lack of all muscle structures. There is thus electrical, mechanical and histological evidence of left atrial muscle deterioration. It is likely that the electrophysiological factors responsible for initiation and maintenance of AF have disappeared with this deterioration, thereby allowing SR to be re-established. The return of SR might indicate a progress of the heart disease although the patient may benefit from normalization of cardiac rate and regularity. The easy identification of our 23 patients makes us believe that the phenomenon of appearance of late SR is far more common than suggested up to now. PMID- 7368974 TI - Peripheral blood flow in chronic ergotism. AB - Muscle blood flow (MBF) was determined in 11 patients on chronic overdoses of ergotamine tartrate and in 12 controls, using the local 133xenon clearance method. The difference in MBFs between the groups was insignificant, 59.7 +/- 21.4 and 61.6 +/- 10.8 ml/100 g/min, respectively. Six patients taking ergotamine in doses exceeding 0.25 mg/kg/week showed a significant (p less than 0.01) reduction of MBF (45.2 +/- 10.7 ml/100 g/min). This reduction could be measured before the manifestation of symptoms or signs of circulatory insufficiency. PMID- 7368975 TI - Serum magnesium in acute myocardial infarction. Relation to arrhythmias. AB - During 1 1/2 years, 768 patients-905 admissions, 342 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 563 with other diagnoses-were treated in the CCU at Serafimerlasarettet. On admission, both the AMI and the non-AMI group had significantly lower serum magnesium levels than a reference group. The incidence of serious VEBs, VT and VF on admission was significantly higher in the hypomagnesemic patients with AMI. AV blocks and SVB were more frequently observed in the hypermagnesemic patients, both in the AMI and in the non-AMI group. The incidence of AF and SVT was higher in the hypomagnesemic patients. PMID- 7368976 TI - The relationship between marginal bone loss and serum zinc levels. AB - Serum was analyzed for zinc in 51 patients of varying age and with varying degrees of alveolar bone loss as recorded on roentgenograms. There was a reversed correlation between marginal alveolar bone loss and serum zinc levels. The observations are discussed in relation to the physiological functions of zinc. PMID- 7368977 TI - Bone mineral content in women with vertebral fractures. AB - Postmenopausal women, classified as osteoporotics on the basis of clinical and microradiographic findings, were found to have a low bone mineral content as compared with age-matched controls. The bone mineral content in 12 patients on a dietary supplement of calcium and vitamin D did not decrease during a two-year follow-up period. PMID- 7368978 TI - Familial occurrence of the haemolytic uraemic syndrome. AB - A family is described in which the haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) occurred in two generations. Both juvenile and adult onset of this syndrome were observed in this family. Those affected were all women, three developed HUS in the postpartum period, one towards the end of pregnancy and one as a five-year old child. Because five cases were observed over a period of 16 years, exposure to the same infectious agent is highly unlikely. Although the transmission of a "dormant" virus cannot be excluded, the occurrence of HUS in two generations of one and the same family seems compatible with the hypothesis that susceptibility to the disease is transmitted as an autosomal dominant characteristic. This observation suggests a genetic influence on the development of HUS, possibly in conjunction with other factors, such as infectious agents, pregnancy and/or delivery. PMID- 7368979 TI - Penicillamine treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. A retrospective study. AB - Out of 64 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 42 were treated with D penicillamine (D-Pa) for more than 6 months and 22 for less than 6 months. The latter patients were excluded from the evaluation of the effect. The former patients were treated with doses of 600-1 250 mg daily for 6-41 months (mean 16.8). The clinical effect was retrospectively assessed as favourable in 24 patients, 12 did not respond and the effect could not be assessed in 6. The clinical assessment was supported by significant reductions of ESR and orosomucoid. Adverse reactions, although rarely serious, led to withdrawal of the drug in 25 (39%) of the 64 patients. It is concluded that D-Pa is a valuable drug in the treatment of severe RA. PMID- 7368980 TI - Diet and coronary disease. PMID- 7368981 TI - Coronary heart disease, serum cholesterol, and the diet. PMID- 7368982 TI - Marked decrease in serum HDL cholesterol level during acute myocardial infarction. AB - The concentrations of serum total and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were determined in 57 patients during the course of AMI. In seven days the concentration of serum cholesterol decreased by 24% and that of HDL cholesterol by 31%. The mean HDL/total cholesterol ratio decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) from 0.163 to 0.145. The magnitude of the change in both HDL and total cholesterol showed a positive correlation with infarction size. The concentration of triglycerides decreased in seven days on the average by 31% but there was great individual variation, which was not dependent on infarction size. Four months after infarction both HDL and total cholesterol as well as triglyceride concentrations had returned to the initial levels. There was a significant negative correlation between the concentrations of HDL cholesterol and triglycerides on admission (r = -0.66) and after four months (r = -0.53) but no correlation after seven days. The results indicate that the determination of serum lipids, including HDL cholesterol, in patients with AMI can, and should be performed on admission to hospital and not at the time of discharge, in order to get reliable estimates of these cardiovascular risk factors. PMID- 7368983 TI - Stokes-Adams attacks requiring pacemaker treatment in three patients with acute nonspecific myocarditis. AB - Three patients, aged 16--44 years, with complete heart block in acute myocarditis are reported. The diagnosis of myocarditis was based on the development of transitory repolarization disturbances on the ECG in association with clinical signs of acute infectious disease. All patients were brought to hospital due to repeated Stokes-Adams attacks and demonstrated ventricular asystoles for up to 25 sec. The patients were all successfully treated with temporary intracardiac pacing but one of them later turned out to require a permanent pacemaker. The possibility of differences in localization and in prognostic importance of conduction disturbances between infectious and ischemic myocardial disease is discussed. PMID- 7368984 TI - Enteric coated quinidine compared to sustained release preparations during repeated administration. AB - The concentration of quinidine in plasma was measured in 12 healthy subjects during multiple administration of an enteric coated tablet (Systodin) and two sustained release preparations (Kinidin Duretter and Kinilentin). In a second study, involving another 12 subjects, the enteric coated tablet and the most widely used sustained release preparation (Kinidin Duretter) were compared with plain uncoated quinidine sulphate tablets in order to calculate the relative bioavailability of the formulations used for maintenance therapy. The largest area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC12h) during a dosage interval (12 hours) was obtained with the plain tablets and with the enteric coated formulation. The variation of the plasma concentrations during the dosage interval was not larger with the enteric coated tablets than with the sustained release preparations. The time of appearance of peak concentration after administration was longer and more variable with the enteric coated tablets. In relation to the plain quinidine tablets, the bioavailability of Systodin and Kinidin Duretter was 96% and 84%, respectively. In 21 out of 24 crossover experiments with Kinidin Duretter and Systodin the AUC12h was larger with the latter formulation. Enteric coating appears to be a simple and reliable means of achieving delayed absorption and stable quinidine plasma levels during maintenance therapy. PMID- 7368985 TI - Failure of chlorothiazide to improve urinary concentrating capacity in lithium treated patients. AB - Seven patients on long-term lithium treatment were given chlorothiazide for three days. The urinary concentrating capacity did not change during the study, but serum potassium decreased significantly. Thus, chlorothiazide does not seem to produce an effect on a moderately decreased concentrating capacity during long term lithium treatment. PMID- 7368986 TI - Immunological and hematological abnormalities in chronic alcoholism. AB - Thirty-two chronic alcoholics were studied immunologically and hematologically on the first hospital day after a period of excessive alcohol consumption. No patient had any signs of severe liver disease. All patients were tested for delayed skin hypersensitivity to PPD and mumps antigens. Quantitation of immunoglobulins and routine hematological tests were also performed. Fifteen and 23 patients did not respond to PPD and mumps antigens, respectively, compared to about 10 and 40% of anergic controls. Anergic patients had lower haptoglobin levels than skin-positive patients. Elevated IgM values were common. Thrombocytopenia was the most common (41%) hematological disturbance, while 19% of the patients were anemic. PMID- 7368987 TI - Serum ferritin and bone marrow iron in non-dialysis, peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7368988 TI - Dyspnea in 70-year-old people. AB - In the population study "70-year-old people in Goteborg" 45.5% of the probands were found to have an increased exertional dyspnea or to be short of breath at the medical examination. We have found it interesting to estimate to what extent a subjective experience of dyspnea at the age of 70 is related to disease and whether it is available for treatment. Out of these probands, 64% of the males and 48% of the females suffered from cardiac failure or pulmonary disease, compared to 48% of males, and 24% of females without dyspnea. Among dyspnoic probands without cardiac failure and pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease was significantly more common than in probands without dyspnea. Probands with dyspnea but without cardiopulmonary disease felt less healthy and were more tired than others, although an objective health screening showed no difference between the two groups. They also had a significantly lower peak flow rate. A dyspnea that was not statistically related to disease was found in 30% of the males and 43% of the females. During a 5-year follow-up there was no statistically significant difference in mortality between dyspnoic probands without cardiopulmonary disease and others. PMID- 7368989 TI - Alprenolol-induced thrombocytopenia. AB - A case of alprenolol-induced thrombocytopenia in a 65-year-old woman is reported. She was admitted to the hospital twice with platelet counts below 10X10(9)/l. The platelet count rapidly returned to normal after discontinuation of alprenolol. The reason for the thrombocytopenia was increased platelet destruction. PMID- 7368990 TI - Rectal carcinoma metastasizing to a toe. AB - We report on a 63-year-old patient with rectal carcinoma that metastasized to a toe. Although bone metastases from malignant tumors are common, metastatic lesions of the small bones of extremities are very rare. We have found in the literature only 29 cases of carcinoma which have metastasized to the small bones of the feet. Twenty of these cases are verified histologically. The differential diagnosis includes osteomyelitis, gout, and Reiter's disease. The roentgenographic features and the possible pathogenetic mechanisms of peripheral metastases are discussed. PMID- 7368992 TI - Blood pressure response to administration of local anaesthetics with noradrenaline in craniotomies. AB - Infiltration with local anaesthetics with addition of adrenaline or noradrenaline has been used since 1910 prior to skin incision for craniotomy. In a controlled series of patients scheduled for intracranial operations, systemic blood pressure was measured intra-arterially after infiltration with 15-20 ml 0.5% lignocaine with nonradrenaline 1 mu gr/ml. A marked increase in systemic blood pressure was seen (125% of values prior to infiltration). In a control series, where saline was injected, a slight fall in blood pressure was registered (p smaller than 0.01). As hypertensive episodes increase intracranial pressure in patients with impaired cerebral autoregulation, or promote the risk of haemorrhage in aneurysm surgery, this technique is considered a hazard to patients undergoing intracranial operations. PMID- 7368994 TI - Ultrastructurally abnormal mitochondria in the pituitary oncocytoma. AB - A pituitary adenoma in a 67-year-old man was characterized by abundant mitochondria and identified as an oncocytoma, which clinically and histologically appeared as a chromophobe adenoma. In addition to the numerous mitochondria within the neoplastic cells, structurally abnormal mitochondria were also present. Compared with other pituitary oncocytomas reported in the literature, abnormally structured mitochondria appear rare among the mitochondrial population of pituitary oncocytomas. PMID- 7368993 TI - Treatment of benign intracranial hypertension. AB - This study is based on 11 cases with pseudotumour cerebri. In each case a high dose of Escin was administered intravenously, and the drug effect during ICP recording was observed. In seven cases the drug manifested a significant hypotensive effect. In these cases the treatment with Escin (20 mg every 8 hours) was continued for 3 days; the control if ICP after this period showed a normal pressure in all cases. Oral treatment was continued at the same dosage for 20-30 days and the patient was then discharged. All patients presented complete remission of the clinical syndrome and fundus normalization. Follow-up after a year showed no recurrence. In three cases the treatment with Escin was unsuccessful; these patients were given dexamethasone, with normalization of the syndrome. Another case that presented with a severe picture of intracranial hypertension and visual impairment was treated with Escin and dexamethasone without positive results. The patient improved with external CSF drainage, and was treated by a shunt procedure that induced remission of the syndrome. PMID- 7368991 TI - A retrospective study on the effects of low and high doses of betamethasone on severe closed head injury. AB - A retrospective analysis of 113 patients with severe head injuries (unconscious for six hours or more) showed no difference in the outcome for 59 patients treated with low doses of betamethasone compared to the outcome for 54 patients treated with high doses of betamethasone. There was no difference in the number of useful recoveries (low dose, 21/59; high dose, 20/54) and the mortality rates were about the same (low dose 29/59; high dose, 31/54). There were three deaths from infectious complications in the patients treated with high doses of betamethasone. PMID- 7368997 TI - The subependymal veins of the posterior portions of the lateral ventricles. AB - The Authors studied the subependymal veins of the posterior portions of the lateral ventricles: medial atrial vein (MAV), direct medial vein (DMV), direct lateral vein (DLV), lateral atrial vein (LAV), and inferior ventricular vein (IVV). A detailed description of the normal radiological feature of these veins is reported. Percentages of visualization in normal angiography and diagnostic utilization are also reported. PMID- 7368996 TI - Diagnosis by computerized tomography of intradural dermoid with spontaneous rupture of the cyst. AB - Two cases of para- and suprasellar dermoid cysts are presented. The specific CT findings for this tumour are demonstrated: very low absorption values below minus 40 EMI units, variable densities in the cyst content, shell-like annular calcifications, and absent central enhancement effect. Spontaneous perforation of the cyst with dissemination of dermoid material into the CSF spaces is shown. The differential diagnosis from other low density lesions (epidermoid, cystic craniopharyngioma, arachnoid cyst) is discussed. PMID- 7368995 TI - An intrasellar cyst with both Rathke's cleft and epidermoid characteristics. AB - A case of an intrasellar cyst in a 48-year-old woman is reported. The cyst was lined by stratified squamous epithelium, most of which was covered by ciliated columnar epithelium. Most of the stratified squamous epithelium showed necrosis accompanied by signs of an acute inflammatory reaction. After surgical resection aseptic meningitis developed. The lumbar CSF findings were still abnormal four months after the operation. PMID- 7368998 TI - Aminoacid incorporation into polyribosomes of ischaemic and reperfused gerbil brain. AB - Aminoacid incorporation into polyribosomes from the gerbil brain in a cellfree system is strongly affected by experimental ischaemia. Progression of the impairment of the protein synthesis in vitro occurs even following early reperfusion. PMID- 7368999 TI - Effect of omental transposition to the brain on protein synthesis in experimental cerebral ischaemia. AB - Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery severely affects the uptake of labelled leucine into various subcellular fractions from rabbit brain. Previous transposition of pedicled omentum to the cerebral surface maintains to a large extent the protein synthetic activity of the brain following arterial occlusion. The role of the transposed omentum in providing an effective collateral circulation and minimizing the occurrence of irreversible ischaemic lesions is stressed. PMID- 7369000 TI - Surgical approach to the whole length of the vertebral artery with special reference to the third portion. AB - A lateral route between the SCM and the lateral border of the internal jugular vein is defined from an anatomical study for exposure of the VA. It offers the simplest route for controlling any part or the whole length of the VA, including its intracranial portion. Surgical indications are discussed on the basis of our experience in eight cases with, in all cases, control of the VA in its third segment between C2 and the foramen magnum. Arteriovenous malformations are the most frequent indications; two cases were treated by direct approach and one by exclusion and anastomosis between the internal carotid artery and the vertebral artery at C1-C2. TUmours of the lateral cervical space (one haemangiopericytoma and one jugular glomus tumour) or of the posterior fossa extruding out of the foramen magnum or the jugular foramen (one meningioma) may require control of the VA. Traumatic lesions (one case) or compression by an osteophytic spur are also indications for this approach. Wall lesions of the VA (aneurysm or stenosis) are best treated by exclusion and anastomosis between either the carotid or the subclavian artery and the vertebral artery at C1-C2 level. One case of aneurysmal dysplasia was cured by anastomosis between the subclavian artery and the vertebral artery at C1-C2 with a saphenous vein graft and clipping of the VA proximal to the by-pass. Radiological examinations are fundamental for diagnosis, treatment when embolization is necessary, and choice of surgical treatment, according to the importance of the contralateral VA and the medullary branches. PMID- 7369001 TI - Discipline: the school's dilemma. PMID- 7369002 TI - On a disturbance of affectivity in schizophrenic adolescents: implications for affect theory. AB - As recently as 1969 Loeb stated, "Not only has adolescent schizophrenia been largely ignored by the clinician and research worker but until recent years the entire subject of adolescence had received scant attention" (p. 462). Since that time, a number of investigators have attended to similarities and differences between the schizophrenic syndrome, as a whole, and schizophrenia as it appears in adolescence. One of the findings that has been alluded to by some authors concerns the notion that affect is less severely disturbed, especially in the dimension of affective responsiveness, in adolescent schizophrenics (Sands, 1956). Observations by the author and others suggest that greater attention be paid to the variety of affectivity to delineate this area of symptomatology, which both Kraepelin and Bleuler considered so fundamental and typical in their designations of dementia praecox and schizophrenia. Indeed the purpose of this study concerns the description and dynamic understanding of a typical disturbance of affectivity in adolescent schizophrenics. This disturbance is characterized by a quality of affective communication in which the patient relates to the people around him in a superficial, socially acceptable, receptionist-like manner which induces in the observer the impression that the individual's genuine feelings are not prominent. For want of a better term, we may designate this affective state "airline-hostess affectivity" (A.H.A.). The disturbance is not exclusive to adolescent schizophrenics but can also be observed in young adults too before a phase of chronic adaptation to the schizophrenic process. PMID- 7369003 TI - Student social structures and/or subcultures as factors in school crime: toward a paradigm. AB - Students are not viewed as only passive respondents to external forces which determine school crime; rather, student social structures-subcultures are viewed as potential forces influencing school crime. Additionally, student social structures-subcultures sometimes seem to modify the larger communities, both the criminal and the noncriminal. Some preliminary data which is suggestive of the general thesis is reported. PMID- 7369004 TI - Self-charting for patients in recreation therapy. AB - Recently, the Ingleside Recreation Therapy department instituted a method of self charting with thirty-nine adolescent inpatients in which both the patient and the therapist chart the patient's behavior in activities daily. The patient reads the therapist's chart note and may respond in any way he desires. The primary purpose of self-charting was to explore the possibility of establishing ongoing treatment goals with input from both the patient and the therapist, and of increasing communication and understanding between the two. Oftentimes, this did occur especially with distrustful or angry patients. Other results noted included the expression of a variety of feelings and the establishment of treatment goals by the patient--either on his own or in response to the therapist's written expectations. PMID- 7369005 TI - Profiles of Youthliners and issues relating to a telephone counselling service in a New Zealand city. PMID- 7369006 TI - Values relating to abortion as expressed by the inner city adolescent girl- report of a physician's experience. PMID- 7369007 TI - An analysis of drug/poison inhalation. AB - A brief analysis and description of the topic of drug/poison inhalation is offered. This is viewed as a neglected dimension in the clinical intake process. Various technical concepts are explained with classification and diagnoses. PMID- 7369008 TI - Music as a vehicle for life enrichment and expanded content for special audiences. AB - Music for special audiences has been a neglected part of most programs. The primary problem has been lack of understanding of the advantages of music and where it fits into a curriculum. Another problem has been the lack of skill to execute an effective program. Most musical events have been isolated with little continuity from one activity to another. Another programming difficulty has been where to find resources and how to use them. The purpose of this article is to briefly discuss programming for special audiences. An illustrative exercise has been provided to point out a programming format, especially the sequencing among activities and the resource utilization dimensions. PMID- 7369009 TI - Adolescent pregnancy decision-making: are parents important? AB - This paper examines the extent to which teenagers involve their parents in decision-making on the resolution of unwanted conceptions, even though legalization of abortion allows them to terminate their pregnancies without parental knowledge. Data were obtained from an anonymous questionnaire given to a Michigan-wide sample of women with unwanted conceptions. The part of the sample reported on here was 432 females who were less than 18 years old and unmarried at the time they became pregnant. It was found that although few adolescents consulted their parents when they first thought they might be pregnant, more than half did involve their mothers in pregnancy resolution decision-making. The findings indicate that the generation gap between parents and teenagers may be less than is often supposed. PMID- 7369010 TI - The pre-delinquent girl: does a volunteer friend program help? PMID- 7369011 TI - Measured self-concept in adjudicated juvenile offenders. AB - The pattern of self concept scores on the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) was compared for a group of adjudicated juvenile offenders (n = 43) and a group of non-offenders (n = 40). Notable differences were obtained, which suggested areas of further research and potential areas of counseling focus in dealing with the juvenile offender. Comparisons with data provided in the TSCS Manual revealed comparable differences between the juvenile offender group and a normative group and notable similarities in score pattern between the juvenile offenders and a group of psychiatric patients. PMID- 7369012 TI - Adolescent group psychotherapy: a modified fishbowl format. PMID- 7369013 TI - The development of an adolescent life change event scale. AB - A questionnaire listing 31 personal, social and family changes believed stressful to adolescents was administered to 207 subjects aged eleven to eighteen. They were asked to rate the items on a scale of one to five to indicate how "upsetting" they believed the event was. They were also asked to indicate how many of the events they had actually experienced. The Adolescent Life Change Event Scale developed from this data is shown. It is recommended that the questionnaire be given to a much larger sample of adolescents from other socioeconomic, racial and cultural backgrounds before the final weightings are assigned to the scale. Once this has been done, the scale can be used to study relationships between life stress events and illness or other manifestations of stress in adolescents. PMID- 7369014 TI - Interaction of vasopressin and renal prostaglandins in the homozygous diabetes insipidus rat. PMID- 7369015 TI - Water diuresis is a major regulator of prostaglandin E excretion in man. PMID- 7369017 TI - Urinary prostaglandins in the newborn: relationship to urinary osmolality, urinary potassium, and blood pressure. PMID- 7369016 TI - Interaction between renal prostaglandin metabolism and salt and water balance in healthy man. PMID- 7369018 TI - Stimulation of rabbit renal PGE2 biosynthesis by dietary restriction of sodium. PMID- 7369019 TI - Furosemide-induced renal vasodilation: the role of the release of arachidonic acid. AB - Furosemide administration results in an increase in blood flow through the prostaglandin system by causing the release of arachidonic acid from a small pool of lipid stores from the kidney without affecting the total arachidonic acid concentration in the blood. The stimulus for arachidonic acid release from the kidney depends on an intrarenal mechanism whereby the diuresis is coupled to the increase in renal blood flow. PMID- 7369020 TI - Restoration of the diuretic response to acetylcholine by prostaglandin E2 in indomethacin-treated dogs. PMID- 7369021 TI - Relationship between urinary prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha) and sodium excretion in various stages of chronic liver disease. AB - A. No consistent changes in the urine PGE2 and PGF2 alpha related to sodium excretion could be found in hepatic cirrhosis with and without ascites. B. Intensive renal sodium retention in cirrhosis with ascites (urine Natless than 20 mEq/24 hr) is very often associated with increasing PGF/PGE ratio, whereas absolute urine PGE2 can be found low or normal. The PG shift is possibly due to a stimulation of the PGE2-9-keto-reductase. C. Application of saluretics and spironolactone in cirrhosis with ascites normalizes the PGF/PGE ratio in accordance with increasing sodium excretion. D. PG changes observed cannot be considered as a primary factor accounting for deranged renal sodium handling in cirrhosis. Anomalous PG pattern possibly reflects enchanced intrarenal vascular resistance. PMID- 7369023 TI - Differential effects of deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin on urinary prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha excretion. PMID- 7369022 TI - Formation of prostaglandins in rat and rabbit kidney: effect of furosemide. PMID- 7369024 TI - Identification of thromboxane A2 in glycerol-induced acute renal failure in the rabbit. PMID- 7369025 TI - Role of prostaglandins in potassium-depletion nephropathy. PMID- 7369026 TI - Exaggerated prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis in the renal vein constricted rabbit. PMID- 7369028 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis in glomeruli from rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. PMID- 7369027 TI - The role of prostaglandins and thromboxane in modulation of perfusion pressure in the hydronephrotic rabbit kidney. PMID- 7369029 TI - Prostaglandin biosynthesis in normal and ureteral obstructed rabbit kidney; formation of a novel metabolite. PMID- 7369030 TI - Contribution of urine volume to the elevated urinary prostaglandin E in Bartter's syndrome and central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. AB - 1. Urinary PGE is elevated above normal in patients with Bartter's syndrome, central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. 2. K+ loading, Mg2+ infusion, and water-loading-all of which increased urine volume-were associated with augmented urinary PGE in Bartter's syndrome, while fluid restriction decreased urinary PGE to normal. 3. Antidiuresis in central diabetes insipidus with DDAVP, and with indomethacin or ibuprofen in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, is associated with a decrease in urinary PGE. 4. High urine volume may be a contributing factor to the elevated urinary PGE in Bartter's syndrome, central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. PMID- 7369031 TI - Is the platelet defect in Bartter's syndrome associated with a plasma prostaglandin? PMID- 7369032 TI - The clinical entity of pseudo-Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 7369035 TI - Modification of the cardiovascular actions of prostaglandins by thromboxane B2. PMID- 7369033 TI - Increase of coronary flow and levels of PGE1 and PGF2 alpha from the ischemic area of experimental myocardial infarction. PMID- 7369034 TI - Dissimilar effects of PGE1 and PGE2 on myocardial infarct size after coronary occlusion in conscious dogs. PMID- 7369036 TI - Interactions between different prostaglandins and other relaxing agents on isolated vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 7369038 TI - Prostaglandin endoperoxide D-isomerase activity in vascular tissue. PMID- 7369037 TI - Modulation of peritoneal transport rates by prostaglandins. PMID- 7369039 TI - Pulmonary hypertension correlated to pulmonary thromboxane synthesis. PMID- 7369040 TI - Pulmonary vascular responses to prostaglandins in the conscious newborn lamb. PMID- 7369041 TI - Effect of prostaglandins E1 and E2 on rabbit pulmonary artery and aorta strips. PMID- 7369042 TI - Disparate actions of arachidonic acid on feline pulmonary vascular bed. PMID- 7369043 TI - Prostaglandins A and E levels in human essential hypertension. PMID- 7369044 TI - In vitro and in vivo effects of antihypertensive drugs on PG metabolism in different organs. PMID- 7369045 TI - Beneficial actions of a new thromboxane analog in traumatic shock. PMID- 7369046 TI - Prostaglandins, lysosomes, and radiation injury. PMID- 7369047 TI - Time-course of arachidonic acid, prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha production in human abdominal skin, following irradiation with ultraviolet wavelengths (290-320 n.m.). PMID- 7369050 TI - Considerations on the role of prostaglandins in the ductus arteriosus. PMID- 7369048 TI - Characterization of chemotactic factors in corneal wound healing. PMID- 7369049 TI - Prostaglandins in wound healing: possible regulation of granulation. PMID- 7369051 TI - Prostaglandin E1 in the neonate with heart disease. PMID- 7369052 TI - Plasma indomethacin levels in preterm newborns with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus: clinical and echocardiographic assessments of response. PMID- 7369053 TI - Placental transfer and fetal effects of PGF1 alpha in the rat. PMID- 7369054 TI - Inhibition of fetal bone growth and augmentation of PGE2 resorptive response by indomethacin. PMID- 7369056 TI - Pharmacologic control of thromboxane A2 generation in lungs. PMID- 7369055 TI - Indications and pharmacological effects of therapy with prostaglandin E1 in the newborn. PMID- 7369057 TI - Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis enhances the generation of 12-L-hydroxy 5,8,10,14-eicosa- tetraenoic acid in isolated lungs. PMID- 7369058 TI - Metabolism of 3H-arachidonic acid in male dog lung in vitro using a perfusion system designed to mimic physiological conditions. PMID- 7369059 TI - Dissimilar in vivo effects of arachidonic acid on the canine pulmonary vascular bed and airways. PMID- 7369060 TI - Release of dilator prostaglandins from rat lung during angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction. PMID- 7369061 TI - Clinical evaluation of main urinary metabolite of PGFs in chronic lung diseases. PMID- 7369062 TI - Prostaglandins and human respiratory tract smooth muscle: structure activity relationship. PMID- 7369063 TI - Thromboxane B2 inhibits the pulmonary metabolism of PGE2 in the anesthetized dog. PMID- 7369065 TI - Synthesis and bronchodilation activity of 8,10,12-triazaprostaglandin analogues. PMID- 7369064 TI - Studies on 20-isopropylidene PGE2 as a new aerosol bronchodilator. PMID- 7369066 TI - Aspirin, prostaglandins, and bronchial asthma. PMID- 7369067 TI - Prostaglandins as mediators of tachyphylaxis to histamine in canine tracheal smooth muscle. PMID- 7369070 TI - The American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) PMID- 7369069 TI - The dying patient. AB - Dying is again being recognized as a natural phase of life for which we spend a lifetime preparing. There are times during life when it seems least appropriate and most difficult to accept dying, as in childhood. It is important to recognize that we go through life acquiring and losing significant objects in our quest for greater self-esteem and in our preparing for dying. To approach the awareness of dying as a life crisis which allows a new awareness towards self and reality makes the process of dying not only challenging but worth the living. Health care professionals must guard against trying to mold patients into their reality and thus meeting their own needs and not the patients'. Specific guidelines for the support of dying called Comfort Care Only shift the therapeutic focus from a preoccupation with the patient's disease to the broader human concerns and a sharing of the experience which is as important for the surviving as it is for the dying. PMID- 7369074 TI - Student selection process: a follow-up study. AB - This is a follow-up study of the 20 junior students admitted into an occupational therapy educational program under a selection process described in a previous article in AJOT in 1974. It reports the outcome resulting from the use of the selection process and t test findings between the upper ten ranked students and the remaining lower ranked students. Academic achievements and employment patterns of the 19 students completing the program are presented. PMID- 7369068 TI - The experience of surviving almost certain death. PMID- 7369071 TI - Introduction to a series: occupational behavior research for pediatric practice. PMID- 7369075 TI - Dynamic foot splint for the Hoffman apparatus. PMID- 7369073 TI - Representational and nonrepresentational gestures in boys with learning disabilities. PMID- 7369072 TI - Occupational role development in the young adult with mild mental retardation. AB - This study investigated the occupational choice process according to the special needs of the young adult with mild mental retardation. The study was guided by specific assumptions developed after a review of the literature concerning the condition of mental retardation and occupational role development. Propositions were developed and a model was constructed to illustrate the relationships between components of the occupational choice process and factors affecting occupational role development. A case study is presented to illustrate that the theory could be applied to a practical situation and to illustrate those areas for occupational therapy intervention. PMID- 7369076 TI - Dressing bands; rehabilitation in spinal cord injuries. PMID- 7369077 TI - In research, good ideas are not enough! PMID- 7369078 TI - Final report of the ad hoc committee on administrative issues, Part 1. PMID- 7369079 TI - Your president's impressions of the 1979 AOTA tour of Russia. PMID- 7369081 TI - Design of the master's degree in occupational therapy, part 2. An empirical approach. AB - In this article an empirical approach is used to investigate the master's degree structure in a bachelor's level profession. The literature of nursing, business administration, social work, and physical therapy is reviewed to determine prevailing degree structures and attitudes, evaluate the adequacy of the master's degree structure in occupational therapy, and delineate factors entering into structural decisions. The review demonstrates the feasibility and desirability of requiring basic master's students to meet advanced master's degree criteria. However, it fails to substantiate unreservedly the logical necessity for so doing. Recommendations for educational practice and research are detailed. PMID- 7369082 TI - Personality characteristics of the published and nonpublished occupational therapist. AB - In this study an attempt was made to establish whether or not there is a publishing type among occupational therapists. A group of therapists, published and nonpublished, were given the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and then asked five additional questions. The results show that published therapists tended to be Extrovert-Intuitive-Thinking-Judging personality types. They also tended to be older, to have graduate training, and to specialize. Nonpublished therapists tended to be Introvert-Sensing-Feeling-Judging personality types. In applying these findings, students and therapists can develop an introspective view of their potential to publish. PMID- 7369080 TI - Single subject research strategies in occupational therapy: part 2. AB - This second of a 2-part paper on single subject research is devoted to practical implementation issues. Using clinical examples, the challenge of transferring single subject research strategies to occupational therapy intervention approaches is explored. The therapeutic approaches of behavioral, motoric, and processing are employed to discuss the use of single subject methodology in occupational therapy. Initial research activities for those interested in documenting treatment results are described. Finally, directions for the future use of single subject research are discussed. PMID- 7369083 TI - A low-profile dorsal dynamic splint. PMID- 7369084 TI - Head and neck cancer, a rehabilitation approach. AB - Survival from head and neck cancer is not uncommon. However, treatment is often radical and may compromise the patient's appearance, function, and quality of life. The most common modalities of treatment, employed either singly or in combination, are chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Each treatment modality involves unique complications and compromises, many of which are amenable to rehabilitation techniques. A role of the occupational therapist on a cancer rehabilitation team is described and an overview of the therapeutic procedures for the evaluation and treatment of common problems recognized in these patients is presented. The material is derived both from clinical experience of the rehabilitation team and from a literature review employed in developing the rehabilitation program. PMID- 7369085 TI - A study of mentally retarded persons: applied research in occupational therapy. AB - An ongoing project is described in which qualitative research was undertaken to guide development of a service program for retarded adults. Several issues concerning the need for research, the type of research, and research methodology appropriate to occupational therapy are discussed. The research activity as well as some findings and supporting data is presented to illustrate how the investigation was conducted and what kinds of information it yielded. Two subsequent discussions focus on how the findings were used to guide program development and add substantive empirical support to occupational behavior theory. PMID- 7369087 TI - Single subject research in occupational therapy: a case illustration. AB - Three male children with behavior-disorders were treated by tactile, vestibular, and proprioceptive sensory stimulation in 20-minute sessions 3 times per week for a period ranging from 4-to-6 weeks. Attention to a mathematical computation task was measured for several sessions before the introduction of treatment and immediately after each treatment session. Attention was operationally defined as the total time spent attneding to the task during a ten-minute test period. Of the three subjects, one showed negligible change, one showed some performance improvement and a reduction in response variability, and the third showed improvement followed by performance deterioration, though not to original low baseline levels. Although improvments were coincident with the onset of treatment, they may not be attributed to it, because no response stability was achieved during the baseline condition. PMID- 7369088 TI - Cerebral vascular accident: some characteristics of occupational therapy evaluation forms. AB - To determine areas most commonly evaluated by occupational therapists and to ascertain methods in which evaluative information is gathered, 35 evaluation forms currently employed by occupational therapists to assess dysfunction in patients with cerebral vascular accident were collected. Five general areas including motor function, sensory deficit, hadn function, activities of daily living, and visual perception were found to be most frequently listed on the forms. These areas were divided into sub areas to operationally define the information collected. Analysis revealed that the level of measurement most frequently employed by therapists to record evaluate findings was the descriptive level. There was a tendency to collect data at "higher" or more sophisticated levels of measurement in those areas evaluated most frequently. The findings are discussed in relation to professional competency concerns and the need to develop unique occupational therapy evaluative instruments for areas of practice such as cerebral vascular accident. PMID- 7369086 TI - Sensorimotor versus cognitive-perceptual training effects on the body concept of preschoolers. AB - The effects of two training programs on the body concept development of preschoolers as reflected in human figure drawings were investigated in this study. Twenty-four three-, four-, and five-year-old preschool children were divided into two experimental groups and one control group, matched closely by age and sex. All subjects were pre-tested with the Good-enough-Harris Drawing Test and post-tested with the same instrument after a one-month intervention training period. Group A received ten hours of sensorimotor training and Group B received ten hours of verbal body-part identification training. The mean gain scores of the two experimental groups were significantly different, with a greater mean gain by the sensorimotor group. Implications for occupational therapy are discussed. PMID- 7369089 TI - The foundation: the care and feeding of theories. PMID- 7369090 TI - Gross motor skills and hand grip in the elderly: a pilot study. AB - The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the possibility that a relationship exists between a lifetime of gross motor activity in the elderly and their current status of gross motor skills and gross hand grip strength. Ten elderly adults performed a series of six gross motor tests and answered a survey concerning their lifetime pattern of gross motor activities as determined by occupational performance components. Significant correlations were found between both the survey and the California Standing Balance Eyes Closed test and the survey and a nonstandardized cocontraction test. No significant relationships were found between the survey and the other tests used. PMID- 7369091 TI - A comment on the use of factor analysis. PMID- 7369092 TI - The impact of 504 on schools for the deaf. PMID- 7369093 TI - Due process: a status report on schools for deaf children. PMID- 7369094 TI - Correlation of the location of coronary arterial spasm with the lead distribution of ST segment elevation during variant angina. PMID- 7369095 TI - Prognostic significance of an ST segment depression of patients with an acute coronary attack. PMID- 7369096 TI - Low dose heparin in the prevention of deep-vein thromboses in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - Patients with acute myocardial infarction of less than 48 hours duration were randomized into three groups. The "fully anticoagulated" group received heparin by intravenous infusion and warfarin sodium to maintain a whole blood clotting time of 30 to 90 minutes and a prothrombin index of 10% to 35%. The "low dose" heparin group received 500 units by intravenous infusion every 12 hours. The control group received no anticoagulants. The radioactive fibrinogen test was used to diagnose the presence of leg vein thromboses. The control group had an incidence of venous thrombosis of 29.7% compared with 13.9% in the low dose group and 11.3% in the fully anticoagulated group. Patients in the control group who had cardiac failure had a significantly higher incidence of venous thromboses (71.4%) when compared with patients not in failure (20.0%). In the two treatment groups no significant difference was observed in patients with and without cardiac failure. Patients with cardiac failure complicating an acute myocardial infarction have a high incidence of venous thromboses. Anticoagulants significantly reduce this incidence and low dose intravenous heparin is as efficacious as full anticoagulation. PMID- 7369097 TI - The role of echocardiography in the selection of mitral valve prosthesis. AB - Assessment of the left ventricular outflow tract was made echographically in 70 patients who subsequently received a mitral prosthesis. Group A (44 patients) had normal left ventricular outflow tract width (greater than 20 mm.); 13 received the Starr-Edwards prosthesis and nine received the Braunwald-Cutter prosthesis. There were two patients with low cardiac output syndrome and no hospital deaths. Group B (26 patients) had a narrow left ventricular outflow tract (less than 20 mm.). Thirteen patients received the Starr-Edwards prosthesis. One patient had low cardiac output syndrome, and there were no hospital deaths. We conclude that the use of the ball-and-cage prosthesis in the mitral position in patients with a narrowed left ventricular outflow tract (less than 20 mm.) measured echographically is not associated with an increased surgical risk. PMID- 7369098 TI - Comparison of antiarrhythmic effects of oral prajmalium bitartrate and intravenous lidocaine in acute myocardial infarction. AB - In 35 patients with acute myocardial infarction premature ventricular complexes were quantified from stored continuous electrocardiographic tape recordings using a semiautomated arrhythmia detection system. Seventeen patients, separated at random, received no antiarrhythmic drug and formed the control group. In nine patients prajmalium bitartrate was given orally at a dose of 60 mg. (20 mg. every 4 hours). Nine patients had permanent infusions of 2.1 mg./minute lidocaine (corresponding to a daily dose of 3 g.). In both treated groups premature ventricular complexes decreased significantly as compared to the spontaneous frequency in the control group. Six hours after the onset of therapy premature ventricular complexes were reduced to 37% of the initial value in the prajmalium bitartrate group and to 51% in the lidocaine group, whereas in the control group frequency increased (169%). The peak effect was reached after ten hours when premature ventricular complexes were reduced to 5% under prajmalium bitartrate and to 20% under lidocaine administration. Runs of premature ventricular complexes were nearly completely suppressed after administration of prajmalium bitartrate. Under lidocaine administration runs were moderately and not significantly reduced. Eight hours after the onset of therapy, runs were reduced to 8% of the initial value under prajmalium bitartrate and to only 79% under lidocaine. The effect of prajmalium bitartrate on runs of premature ventricular complexes was significantly more pronounced than the effect of lidocaine. The present study documents that orally administered prajmalium bitartrate is an alternative to intravenous administration of lidocaine in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7369099 TI - The rhythm of the heart in active elderly subjects. PMID- 7369100 TI - Serum chromium in patients with recent and old myocardial infarction. AB - The serum chromium in 45 subjects with no clinical evidence of ischemic heart disease was found to be 1.71 parts per billion (ppb) (S.E. +/- 0.14). In 34 patients with a previously documented myocardial infarction, it was 1.84 ppb (S.E. +/- 0.18). The difference was not significant nor was there any difference with age or sex. In 37 patients with acute myocardial infarction the serum chromium level rose to a mean of 6.36 ppb (S.E. +/- 0.51; p less than 0.001) during the first five days following the infarct, returning to normal over the next five days. There was no correlation between the serum chromium and blood glucose levels in these patients or in a further 14 patients who were receiving glucose infusions (chest pain without electrocardiographic or enzyme changes) or who were diabetics. PMID- 7369101 TI - The effect of allopurinol on the degree of early myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7369102 TI - Sudden death in cardiomyopathy: role of bradycardia-dependent repolarization changes. AB - A 20-year-old man presented with cardiomegaly, frequent PVC's, and abdominal pain. On the nineteenth hospital day the patient developed ventricular fibrillation and died. Analysis of a Holter recording initiated 16 hours previously demonstrated an increase in the corrected QT interval (QTc) to 0.48 second and a prematurity index less than 1.0 only during the minute terminated by ventricular fibrillation. This report documents changes in sinus rate, coupling interval, QTc, and prematurity index for 16 hours preceding ventricular fibrillation in a patient with cardiomyopathy. The timing of the terminal arrhythmia coincided with significant changes in the QTc and prematurity index characterized by bradycardia-dependent QTc prolongation and a post-extrasystolic reduction in prematurity index. PMID- 7369104 TI - Mild mitral regurgitation and the mitral prolapse fiasco. PMID- 7369103 TI - Spontaneous cure of infected left atrial myxoma following embolization. AB - A patient with prolonged duration, bacterial infection, and echocardiographic disappearance of an atrial myxoma following embolization is discussed. Following aortic saddle embolus, all echocardiographic manifestations of the patient's left atrial myxoma disappeared. Previous cases of infected atrial myxomas are reviewed. The necessity of early surgical intervention, despite active infection, is discussed. PMID- 7369105 TI - Of generic medicine bottles. PMID- 7369108 TI - Applicability of correcting the QT interval for heart rate. PMID- 7369106 TI - Adriamycin cardiotoxicity. PMID- 7369107 TI - Cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative neurologic dysfunction. PMID- 7369109 TI - Reduction of QRS amplitudes after cardiac dilatation. PMID- 7369110 TI - Lyle's maneuver--an overdue critique. PMID- 7369111 TI - Let's not give away our pharmaceutical technology. PMID- 7369112 TI - Public service drug for pheochromocytoma. PMID- 7369113 TI - National health insurance in trouble. PMID- 7369114 TI - NHI drug costs may reach $18 billion. PMID- 7369115 TI - Pharmacists in FDA. PMID- 7369116 TI - Pharmacy and health care in Hungary. Keeping pace with a growing economy. PMID- 7369117 TI - NIH consensus process threatened. PMID- 7369118 TI - 'New' rabies vaccine better bet for the bite. PMID- 7369120 TI - Amantadine gains recognition in flu treatment. PMID- 7369119 TI - FDA to revise drug review process. PMID- 7369121 TI - Liquid membranes: new promise for kidney disease? PMID- 7369122 TI - Sugar and disease. PMID- 7369123 TI - Motivating the pharmacy employee: McGregor's theories X and Y. PMID- 7369124 TI - Drug information program builds skills. PMID- 7369125 TI - Expiration dating of drugs under way. PMID- 7369127 TI - Computers for pharmacy--trials and tribulations--from the pharmacist's experience. PMID- 7369126 TI - Computers for pharmacy--from the viewpoint of a supplier--an interview [by Robin E. Casler]. PMID- 7369128 TI - Important new drugs of the year. PMID- 7369129 TI - The pharmacist and professional citizenship. PMID- 7369130 TI - British health chief urges larger clinical pharmacy role. PMID- 7369134 TI - Treatment of acute inflammatory myocarditis assisted by endomyocardial biopsy. PMID- 7369131 TI - Noninvasive evaluation of diastolic filling patterns in patients with atrial fibrillation by ejection time and preceding cycle length. PMID- 7369133 TI - Hemodynamic responses to supine exercise in children with left-sided cardiac disease. AB - Exercise, a physiologic stress, has been used in adults to unmask abnormalities of left ventricular hemodynamics not detectable at rest. Similar data in children are not available. An evaluation was made of the feasibility, safety and value of a graded upright and supine ergometer stress test to assess exercise hemodynamics during cardiac catheterization in 21 children with left-sided cardiac disease. The catheterization technique involved the simultaneous recording of intracardiac and great vessel pressures, thermodilution cardiac index and M mode echocardiograms of the left ventricular cavity. The method appears practical and safe. Although hemodynamic responses varied among clinical groups, the lack of control data currently prevents assessment of the value of this technique for long-term management. PMID- 7369132 TI - Radionuclide assessment of right and left ventricular exercise reserve after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot. AB - First pass radionuclide angiocardiography under conditions of rest and exercise was utilized to evaluate a group of 16 postoperative patients who had undergone total surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot. Functional data were related to thallium-201 myocardial imaging at rest, a noninvasive means of detecting right ventricular hypertrophy. All 16 patients were asymptomatic and 15 demonstrated normal right ventricular ejection fraction (equal to or greater than 45 percent) at rest. However, 13 patients manifested abnormal right ventricular ejection fraction responses to exercise (normal response is an absolute increment in an ejection fraction of 5 or greater percent). For the entire group, right ventricular ejection fraction at rest was 55 +/- 2 percent, whereas at exercise it was 52 +/- 2 percent (p = not significant). In contrast, left ventricular ejection fraction responses were normal in all patients. Thallium-201 imaging revealed substantial right ventricular uptake consistent with residual right ventricular hypertrophy, which was quantifiable in all patients. Thus, abnormalities in right ventricular performance during exercise may be detected readily by this radionuclide approach in these postoperative patients despite their asymptomatic clinical status and generally normal right ventricular performance at rest. PMID- 7369135 TI - Concealed retrograde bypass tracts and enhanced atrioventricular nodal conduction. An unusual subset of patients with refractory paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. AB - The clinical and electrophysiologic features of eight patients with unusually rapid, medically refractory paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia are described. Exercise induction of tachycardia and functional bundle branch block patterns during tachycardia were common. Tachycardia resulted from anterograde enhanced atrioventricular nodal conduction combined with retrograde conduction by a concealed left atrial-left ventricular accessory pathway producing rates ranging from 200 to 300 beats/min. Management and late follow-up study were characterized by generally unsuccessful electrophysiologic-pharmacologic testing and inconsistent rhythm control with continued drug therapy. Three patients underwent successful surgical interruption of the concealed accessory pathway, with elimination of recurrent tachycardias. These patients represent a unique subgroup with an identifiable electrophysiologic basis for unusually rapid tachycardias, potentially benefiting from invasive study and aggressive therapy. PMID- 7369137 TI - Sudden death while driving. Role of sinus perinodal degeneration and cardiac neural degeneration and ganglionitis. AB - A young business executive was seen to slump over his steering wheel while driving, after which the automobile veered and turned over. Quickly taken unconscious to a nearby emergency room, he was pronounced dead on arrival. Because there was insufficient physical injury found to account for his death, and because atrial fibrillation had been detected for the first time on a routine physical examination 3 months previously, special examination of the cardiac conduction system was performed. A fibroma was present on the right side of the central fibrous body above the His bundle, similar to several fibromas on the mitral valve. Small foci of neuritis were present in the ventricular myocardium and the atrioventricular node. More extensive neural degeneration and ganglionitis were found near the sinus node, which also exhibited an encircling perinodal fibrosis. Ways in which these abnormalities could have caused a fatal electrical instability of the heart are discussed. Careful examination of the cardiac conduction system is warranted in other fatal automobile accidents under similar circumstances. PMID- 7369138 TI - One hour versus 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. PMID- 7369136 TI - Unusual complications of epicardial pacemakers. Recurrent pericarditis, cardiac tamponade and pericardial constriction. AB - Three patients with unusual complications after insertion of an epicardial pacemaker are described. In one patient pericarditis and severe cardiac tamponade developed that required emergency pericardiocentesis 8 weeks after pacemaker insertion. No evidence of myocardial perforation was observed at operation. In another patient two unusual complications developed: (1) migration of the pulse generator from the epigastric site of implantation into the pelvis, and (2) recurrent pericarditis with occult signs of constriction. In another patient recurrent pericarditis and clinical evidence of constriction developed. All three patients required pericardiectomy. Recurrent pericarditis after insertion of an epicardial pacemaker requires careful medical follow-up because either life threatening tamponade or chronic constrictive pericarditis may develop. PMID- 7369140 TI - President's page: convocation remarks. PMID- 7369141 TI - Prospective study of surgery for left ventricular aneurysm. PMID- 7369139 TI - Vasopressors and cardiac rupture. PMID- 7369142 TI - Left ventricular aneurysm and congestive heart failure: value of exercise stress and isosorbide dinitrate in predicting hemodynamic results of aneurysmectomy. PMID- 7369143 TI - High serum chromium levels after cardiac valve replacement: clinical significance and metabolic effects. PMID- 7369144 TI - Platelet function studies in coronary artery disease. VII. Effect of aspirin and tachycardia stress on aortic and coronary venous blood. AB - The effects of orally administered aspirin (650 mg) on platelet aggregation patterns and counts in aortic and coronary venous blood were evaluated in patients with coronary artery disease. Studies were conducted at rest and during the stress of tachycardia. Before administration of aspirin, platelet aggregation and counts were lower (p less than 0.01) in coronary venous blood than in aortic blood. The stress of tachycardia resulted in increased (p less than 0.01) platelet aggregation only in coronary venous blood. After administration of aspirin, differences in platelet aggregation and counts between coronary venous and aortic blood at rest were eliminated, and the tachycardia-associated increase in coronary venous blood platelet aggregation was significantly reduced. These observations suggest that aspirin influences and abolishes the changes that occur in blood platelet function as platelets traverse the atherosclerotic myocardial vascular bed. The absence of an increase in platelet aggregation during the stress of tachycardia after administration of aspirin may have important pathophysiologic and therapeutic implications. PMID- 7369145 TI - Pseudoischemic "false positive" S-T segment changes induced by hyperventilation in patients with mitral valve prolapse. AB - Hyperventilation-induced S-T segment changes that simulate myocardial ischemia have previously been noted, but the origin of this electrocardiographic finding has never been defined. To investigate further the basis for this response, the records were reviewed of 1,678 consecutive patients who underwent forced hyperventilation for 90 seconds and treadmill exercise testing. Twenty-eight patients (1.7 percent) were identified in whom hyperventilation resulted in ischemic-appearing S-T segment changes, and follow-up was possible in 21 (17 women, 4 men). Of the 21 patients, 16 (76 percent), including 15 (88 percent) of the 17 women, had evidence of mitral valve prolapse, 6 on auscultation alone, 2 on echocardiography alone and 6 with a combination of studies. Ten of the 21 patients had a negative exercise test; of the 11 patients who had a positive exercise test, only 1 had angiographic evidence of coronary arterial narrowing. The finding of ischemic-appearing S-T segment changes in response to forced hyperventilation has a high predictive value for the presence of mitral valve prolapse, particularly in women. The possible association of autonomic factors and mitral valve prolapse in the pathogenesis of an abnormal response to hyperventilation is discussed. PMID- 7369146 TI - Value of the tricuspid valve echogram for estimating right ventricular end diastolic pressure during vasodilator therapy. PMID- 7369147 TI - Changes in blood flow and S-T segment during coronary arterial occlusion in denervated and nondenervated canine hearts. PMID- 7369148 TI - Hemodynamic and myocardial consequences of scorpion venom. PMID- 7369149 TI - Diagnosis and quantification of aortic stenosis with pulsed Doppler echocardiography. PMID- 7369150 TI - Sources of variability in echocardiographic measurements. PMID- 7369151 TI - Caloric restriction and/or mild exercise: effects on serum lipids and body composition. PMID- 7369152 TI - Plasma hormones and lipids in men at different risk for coronary heart disease. PMID- 7369153 TI - The effect of dietary copper and zinc on cholesterol metabolism. AB - The effects of different amounts of dietary zinc and copper on cholesterol metabolism in the rat were investigated. The levels of the minerals used were comparable to those likely to occur in a normal mixed North American diet. Although the different levels affected the serum, liver, and femur concentrations of the minerals, they had no effect on the levels of serum and liver, total, esterified or free cholesterol, or on high density lipoprotein cholesterol. It was concluded that dietary copper and zinc, at levels likely to occur in a normal mixed diet, are not significant factors in cholesterol metabolism. PMID- 7369154 TI - Bile acid pool size in relation to functional status of gallbladder and biliary lipid composition in Chinese. AB - Bile acid pool size was measured in 10 Chinese without gallstones, 14 with pigment stones, and 10 with mixed stones by an isotope dilutin technique. Functional status of gallbladder was evaluated by intravenous cholecystogram and its gross appearance at surgery. Biliary lipid composition was also determined. The control subjects had a bile acid pool size comparable to that of Caucasians. Regardless of the nature of gallstones, bile acid pools of stone patients with functioning gallbladder were within normal range, whereas the pools of those with non- or poorly-functioning gallbladder diminished to about two-thirds of the control. Thus, the diminution of bile acid pool size was apparently the consquence of loss of storage function of gallbladder rather than the cause of production of lithogenic bile. The common bile duct bile obtained from stone patients with nonfunctioning gallbladder had a relatively high lithogenic index, at least partly related to its low total lipid concentration. PMID- 7369155 TI - Effect of sucrose on intestinal very low-density lipoprotein production. AB - The effect of 2 to 3 weeks of 73% sucrose feeding and intestinal sucrose infusion upon intestinal lipoprotein formation was studied in mesenteric lymph cannulated female rats. Lymph lipoprotein fractions were analyzed for lipid and apoprotein content and were compared to chow-fed control rats. The sucrose regimen increased mesenteric lymph triglyceride output by 54%, the increase being confined to the very low-density lipoprotein fraction. Sucrose infusion in chow-fed control rats did not increase lymph triglyceride transport when compared to infusion of a glucose polymer. Unesterified cholesterol output in whole lymph was stimulated by sucrose by 76%. Both the d greater than 1.006 and d less than 1.006 g/ml fractions of lymph were found to have an increase in unesterified cholesterol output. Since no difference in the chemical composition of very low-density lipoproteins in the two groups of animals was detected, sucrose appeared to increase the number of very low-density lipoprotein particles secreted by the intestine. Sucrose did not alter the relative proportions of apo A1, apo A4, apo ARP, and total C peptides present in very low-density lipoproteins. However, differences in the proportion of apo C subunits after sucrose were detected by isoelectric focusing with a pronounced increase in the apo CIII0 peak. The present studies demonstrate that the intestine participates in changes in lipoprotein formation and metabolism that accompany experimental sucrose induced hyperlipidemia. PMID- 7369156 TI - Effects of zinc intake on copper balance in adult females. AB - Adult women were fed dietary regimens that provided 2.0 mg of copper and either 8, 16, 24, mg of zinc daily in a 18-day controlled metabolic study. Zinc retentions were positive at all levels of intake, but the lowest level was probably not sufficient to maintain equilibrium. An intake of 16 mg of zinc was sufficient to maintain subjects in positive balance or at equilibrium, although this level may be marginal for individuals living in warm climates with potentially large sweat losses. None of the dietary groups was in positive balance on a copper intake of 2 mg/day, although the dietary level of zinc had no effect on copper retentions. Serum levels of copper decreased and zinc increased during the study. PMID- 7369157 TI - Zinc-binding properties of bovine and human milk in vitro: influence of changes in zinc content. AB - The total zinc content of samples of fat-free human and bovine milk was 3.5 and 3.6 micrograms/ml, respectively. The total protein content was 5.3 and 29.0 mg/ml, respectively, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography of bovine milk revealed no evidence of zinc associated with low molecular weight fractions (less than 2000 daltons). However, chromatography revealed that 10% of the zinc in human milk was associated with these fractions. When the zinc content of these milks was raised by adding Zn2+ in vitro, chromatography of milk from both species revealed the presence of zinc with the low molecular weight fractions. More zinc was associated with these fractions from human milk than from bovine milk. Recovery of zinc was nearly 100% for all columns. It is proposed, based upon these binding data, that the association of zinc with low molecular weight components of milk is related in part to both protein content and composition and the relative zinc concentrations. These binding differences might influence the bioavailability of zinc from milk. PMID- 7369158 TI - Elevated plasma zinc concentrations in renal dialysis patients. AB - It has been suggested that hemodialysis patients might benefit from zinc supplements. However, little attention is given to the trace element content of renal dialysis fluids or to contamination of such fluids with trace metals. Pre- and postdialysis plasma copper and zinc concentrations of patients at two hospital dialysis units were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The plasma zinc concentration increased substantially in 34 of 37 patients as a result of dialysis. Measurement of dialysate zinc concentrations after primary source of zinc. Because of the possibility of zinc toxicity, zinc nutritional status should be carefully evaluated before recommending zinc supplementation for dialysis patients. Uremic patients dialyzed with certain disposable Cuprophan membrane coils receive substantial quantities of zinc during dialysis; other Cuprophan-membrane coils tested released negligible quantities of zinc. PMID- 7369159 TI - Wine versus ethanol in human nutrition. IV. Zinc balance. AB - Six healthy young men participated in a metabolic balance study to assess the effects of wine versus ethanol on absorption of various elements. Zinc data are reported here. During each of four 18-day experimental periods, the subjects were fed a controlled diet plus 1 liter/day of one of the following test beverages, administered in random order: Zinfandel wine, dealcoholized Zinfandel wine, an aqueous ethanol solution, or deionized water. Urinary zinc was significantly greater during wine and ethanol administration than during administration of the nonalcoholic beverages, suggesting that alcohol may affect the metabolism or renal conservation mechanism for zinc. The possibility of muscle catabolism due to alcohol ingestion is discussed. There was increased absorption and, perhaps, also, decreased endogenous secretion of zinc during the wine and dealcoholized wine periods, as compared with ethanol and deionized water. That presumably was due to the nonalcoholic constiuents of wine. Analysis of zinc in whole sweat after strenous exercise revealed that a considerable amount of this ion can be lost under conditions of excessive sweating. PMID- 7369160 TI - Molybdenum in the diet: an estimate of average daily intake in the United States. AB - Previous studies have estimated the average intake of molybdenum (Mo) from the diet at approximately 300 to 400 micrograms/day. Foods collected in a grocery basket sampling program were analyzed for Mo content. The Mo concentration of these foods was combined with published United States Department of Agriculture estimates of food consumption to estimate the average daily dietary intake of Mo in the United States. This estimate is less than those previously reported and varies between 120 and 240 micrograms Mo/day, depending on age, sex, and income. PMID- 7369161 TI - The nutritional status of hospitalized children. PMID- 7369162 TI - The measurement of food and energy intake in man-an evaluation of some techniques. AB - A dietary survey was carried out on an Antarctic base over a period of 6 to 12 months on twelve individuals. Three methods of determining individual food and energy intake were used-weighing and recording of food as eaten in combination with food tables, dietary recall, and bomb calorimetry of duplicate meals. Use of weighed food intakes and food composition tables underestimated energy intake by 7% when compared to analysis of duplicate meals by bomb calorimetry. One week was found to be the most practical period over which intake should be measured to determine "habitual" food intake. PMID- 7369163 TI - The measurement of daily energy expenditure--an evaluation of some techniques. AB - An energy balance survey was conducted on an Antarctic base on 12 individuals for periods varying between 6 and 12 months. Energy expenditure was estimated using two activity/dairy card techniques and mean 24-hr heart rate used in conjunction with a variety of derived heart rate/energy expenditure regression equations. The accuracy of the various techniques was determined by comparison with estimates obtained using energy intakes and changes in body fat. No method of measuring energy expenditure was accurate enough to predict fat gain or loss. Errors in individuals were large and random but the mean error in the estimation of energy expenditure of the community was reasonable. When using the dairy card there was no difference between using measured values for energy costs of specific activities and using values taken from the literature. Using heart rate was no less accurate than the diary card if energy expenditure was predicted from a regression line derived from heart rate and log energy expenditure, and the technique was more acceptable to the subjects. PMID- 7369164 TI - Alternate approaches for quantifying aggregate and individual agreements between two methods for assessing dietary intakes. PMID- 7369165 TI - A study of caffeine in tea. PMID- 7369166 TI - Hypothetical calculations of ascorbic acid synthesis based on estimates in vitro. PMID- 7369167 TI - Hair copper in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Rats fed on a copper-enriched diet develop increased liver copper concentrations, which correlate well with hair copper content. It has been suggested that in man, hair copper analysis may be a useful noninvasive method for predicting liver copper concentrations. We have tested this hypothesis in 11 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, a disease complicated by the accumulation of copper in the liver. Ten patients had increased liver copper concentrations, but only one had increased hair copper. In primary biliary cirrhosis, hair copper does not reflect liver copper content and is of no value as a biopsy material for copper analysis. PMID- 7369168 TI - A longitudinal study of body weight and body fat changes in Antarctica. AB - Body weight and body fat changes (calculated from skinfold thickness) that occurred in a male population spending a year on an Antarctic base are described. There was a marked individual variation in patterns of weight and fat changes between seasons but mean values for the whole community showed little change over the year. Combining skinfold and body weight measurements revealed probable individual differences in fat gain or loss with weight gain and loss, but the role of changes in total body water or fat-free mass could not be determined. The possibility of combining long-term measurements of body fat and energy intake to provide an estimate of energy expenditure is discussed. PMID- 7369169 TI - The effect of 6 weeks of overfeeding on the body weight, body composition, and energy metabolism of young men. AB - The effect of overfeeding on the body weight, body fat, water content, energy expenditure, and digestibility of energy and nitrogen was investigated over 42 days in six young men. The metabolic rates in standard situations of work and rest were determined. Energy intakes were apparently increased by 6.2 MJ/day and energy expenditure fell slightly by 0.3 MG/day during overfeeding. Fecal and urinary losses of energy were a similar proportion of the gross energy intake in control and overfeeding periods (8%). Metabolizable energy intakes calculated from food tables agreed well with values derived from digestibility measurements in the control period (mean difference = +2%) but not in the overfeeding period (+8%). The implications of this are discussed. Mean body weight gain was 6.0 kg, 10% of initial weight; mean fat gain was 3.7 kg and water gain 1.8 liter. There were considerable interindividual differences in the weight and fat gain for a given excess energy intake. Metabolic rates in standard tasks were 10% higher at the end of overfeeding but expressed as kilojoules per kilogram per minute were similar to control values. Mean energy gain (144 MJ = fat gain X 39 kJ/g) was less than excess energy intake even allowing for overestimation of intakes using food tables and increases in metabolic rate. Such a discrepancy is unlikely to be due to unmeasured increases in metabolic rate but could have arisen from errors in the calculation of the variables involved. In this study where moderate weight gains were achieved by overfeeding mainly fat, increases in metabolic rate appear to be associated with increased body size and tissue gain rather than a luxuskonsumption mechanism. PMID- 7369170 TI - Caffeine and coffee: their influence on metabolic rate and substrate utilization in normal weight and obese individuals. AB - A series of four trials was carried out to investigate the effects of caffeine and coffee on the metabolic rate and substrate utilization in normal weight and obese individuals. In the first trial 8 mg/kg caffeine was compared with a placebo in normal weight subjects. Metabolic rate increased significantly during the 3 hr after caffeine ingestion. While plasma glucose, insulin, and carbohydrate oxidation did not change significantly, plasma free fatty acid levels rose from 432 +/- 31 to 848 +/- 135 muEq/liter and were accompanied by significant increases in fat oxidation during the last hour of the test. In the second and third trials the effects of coffee providing 4 mg/kg caffeine were studied in control and obese subjects. Metabolic rate increased significantly in both groups; however, significant increases in fat oxidation were only observed in the control group. Plasma free fatty acids did not change in the obese. In the fourth trial, coffee was taken with a 3080 kJ meal. The thermic effect of the meal was significantly greater after coffee than after decaffeinated coffee and again fat oxidation was significantly greater after coffee. In conclusion caffeine/coffee stimulates the metabolic rate in both control and obese individuals; however, this is accompanied by greater oxidation of fat in normal weight subjects. PMID- 7369172 TI - Legionnaires' disease. Postmortem pathologic findings of 20 cases. AB - From March 1977 to December 1978, postmortem examination was performed at Wadsworth Veterans Administration Medical Center for 20 patients who had had nosocomially acquired Legionnaires' disease. Seventeen patients died during the acute illness due to Legionnaires' disease, and three patients died after clinical resolution of the acute process. The only consistent postmortem findings were limited to the lungs. Confluent bronchopneumonia, and less frequently lobar pneumonia, was present in most cases. Although a spectrum of microscopic pulmonary findings was observed, the characteristic histologic features of acute Legionnaires' disease were an extensive intra-alveolar exudation of macrophages and neutrophils in varying proportions, erythrocytes, and fibrin. Lysis of the inflammatory cells was frequently found. Areas of coagulative necrosis of the lung parenchyma and edematous thickening of the alveolar septa were typically seen. Microscopy of lung tissue from the three patients who died after clinical resolution of the acute process revealed organized pneumonia, with patchy organization of the intra-alveolar exudate and focal obliteration of the alveolar septal framework. Associated postmortem findings were fibrinous endocarditis in one case and hemorrhagic infarction of the adrenal glands in two cases. Electron microscopic examination of the lungs revealed as many as 23 separate bacillary profiles within a single macrophage. Septate binary fission or spore-like structures were not observed. PMID- 7369171 TI - Percutaneous aspiration biopsy of lymph nodes. AB - During a period of five years, 361 patients each had cytologic examination of a specimen aspirated by percutaneous needle biopsy from a superficial lymph node. Fifty-five aspirates were considered unsatisfactory owing to scanty cellularity, and 22 were excluded because of lack of adequate follow-up. Of the remaining 284 aspirates, 81% were positive for malignant cells; 19% were considered negative. There were no cases with false-positive diagnoses. However, of 52 negative aspirates, 31 revealed tumor on subsequent excisional biopsy. Seventy-two percent of patients were admitted with prior history of malignancy. For both males and females, an apparent correlation was found between regional distribution of positive lymph nodes and the histologic types of primary tumors. Eighty-two percent of the positive cervical nodes in males and 56% in females were associated with epidermoid carcinoma. Most of the positive supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes occurred in females and were associated with mammary carcinoma. Diagnosis of malignant neoplasms is feasible, in most instances, from nodal aspirates, but specific diagnosis of the histologic type of the tumor, e.g., malignant lymphoma, should be rendered only when the cytologic findings are supported by appropriate clinical and laboratory findings. In case of doubt, or if the aspirate contains many polymorphonuclear leukocytes, necrotic debris, or bizarre epithelioid cells, granulomatous lymphadenitis should be suspected and the diagnosis should be deferred until formal tissue biopsy can be obtained. PMID- 7369173 TI - Pulmonary fibrosis, carcinoma, and ferruginous body counts in amosite asbestos workers. A study of six cases. AB - The Tyler Asbestos Workers Program is a continuing study of 1,105 former amosite asbestos workers. This report includes a study of six former workers, five of whom died and had autopsies, and one who underwent a lobectomy. Five of these men were exposed to asbestos for three months or less. Four had lung cancer, and one a rectal carcinoma. All were cigarette smokers. Ferruginous (asbestos) body content of the upper and lower lobes of the lungs was quantitated by a digestion technic. Tissue sections from upper and lower lobes were independently quantitated for fibrosis and ferruginous bodies, and chest roentgenograms were examined for interstitial fibrosis. (Control lung tissue was obtained from consecutive autopsies of 52 adults who did not have a known occupational exposure to asbestos.) Relatively low ferruginous body counts (less than 700/g lung tissue) were associated with mild degrees of fibrosis, and higher counts (greater than 10,000/g) with moderate to severe fibrosis. Mild to moderate pulmonary fibrosis could be identified on tissue sections before interstitial changes were detectable by chest roentgenograms. PMID- 7369174 TI - Sebaceous carcinoma of meibomian gland origin. The diagnostic importance of pagetoid spread of neoplastic cells. AB - The clinical and pathologic features of four sebaceous carcinomas primary located in the eyelids were studied in detail. The neoplasms occurred in four patients of ages 62 to 76 years, were often misdiagnosed at initial excision, and recurred in all four cases. Three of the four cases required orbital exenteration, and preauricular lymph node metastases developed in two. The tumors were characterized by variable histologic growth patterns and evidence of sebaceous differentiation. Pagetoid spread of the neoplastic cells in the overlying epithelium was found in all four cases. Recognition of the pagetoid growth pattern in biopsy material was essential in correctly diagnosing two of the four cases. It is one of the important features enabling sebaceous carcinoma to be distinguished from basal cell carcinomas showing sebaceous differentiation. PMID- 7369175 TI - Globular deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in the papillary dermis. Clinical significance. AB - Globular deposits of immunoglobulins in the papillary dermis have been reported to occur in certain dermatoses, particularly in lichen planus. The clinical correlation of these deposits in 52 skin biopsy specimens reviewed by light and fluorescent microscopy was studied. These cases included five of lichen planus, 24 of lupus erythematosus or related diseases, four of dermatitis herpetiformis, three of drug eruption; two each of bullous pemphigoid, erythema nodosum, porphyria cutanea tarda; one each of vitiligo, pyoderma gangrenosum, neurodermatitis, erythema multiforme, granuloma annulare, vasculitis, epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Rothmund-Thompson syndrome, and four of unspecified dermatoses. Using an arbitrary scale of 1-4 based on the frequency of deposits, 3+ and 4+ deposits were identified in all five cases of lichen planus, as well as in six cases of lupus erythematosus, one of drug eruption, one of bullous pemphigoid, one of erythema nodosum, the vitiligo, vasculitis, and Rothmund-Thompson syndrome cases, and two cases of unspecified dermatoses; other cases showed only 1+ and 2+ deposits. In all five cases of lichen planus, the deposits contained IgM and C3, and in addition, IgA was present in four, IgG and fibrinogen in three. Among non-lichen planus cases, C3 was detected in 11 of 49, and fibrinogen in only four of 49. These findings indicate that globular deposits of Ig in the dermis, though suggestive, are not pathognomonic of lichen planus. PMID- 7369176 TI - The prevalence of yeasts in clinical specimens from cancer patients. AB - Yeasts recovered from cancer patients during a 15-month period were speciated, and the prevalence of these isolates in various types of clinical specimens was determined. Five species, including Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, and Torulopsis glabrata, accounted for 97.1% of the isolates. Eighteen different species were recovered. Respiratory and urine specimens yielded 75% of the organisms. C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis were recovered in about equal frequency from blood cultures. Certain species usually were recovered from one type of specimen: Candida quilliermondii from urine, Trichosporon cutaneum and Candida pseudotropicalis from respiratory sites, and Cryptococcus neoformans from spinal fluid. Pityrosporum orbiculare was isolated only from ear and urine cultures. Most of the yeasts (95.4%) were identified within 48 hours after isolation. PMID- 7369177 TI - An evaluation of antithrombin III laboratory tests. AB - Three laboratory tests for the measurement of antithrombin III (AT III) were evaluated. The tests measured functional AT III in serum and plasma, and the third measured AT III antigen in plasma. Normal values for each method were obtained by testing samples from 20 normal subjects. Each test was then performed on specimens from 15 patients clinically suspected of having hypercoagulable states. Each determination was run in duplicate. The hypercoagulable states included disseminated intravascular coagulation, pulmonary embolism, and pregnancy. Two-thirds of these patients were found to have antithrombin III levels below the normal range by all three of the methods studied. Patients who had decreased AT III activity in the functional assays also had decreased AT III antigen. PMID- 7369178 TI - Circulating immune complexes in the general hospital population and in patients who have renal disease. A preliminary evaluation of the platelet aggregation test for use in the hospital laboratory. AB - The platelet aggregation test was used to measure circulating immune complexes in patients who had glomerulonephritis and autoimmune disease, and in unselected hospitalized patients. Titers higher than those for the control group were found for groups with acute glomerulonephritis, Berger's disease, renal transplants, lupus nephritis, and polyarteritis nodosa. Hospitalized patients had titers that were higher than normal in more than one out of five cases. This preliminary study showed that the platelet aggregation test detects immune complexes in many conditions previously reported to give positive results with other assays. The test seemed suitable for use in most hospital laboratories, since it was simple, reliable, and inexpensive. The observation of detectable circulating immune complexes in 23% of the general hospital population suggests that this phenomenon may be more common than was previously suspected. PMID- 7369179 TI - Rapid drop in serum iron concentration in myocardial infarction. AB - Two hundred one patients admitted to the Coronary Care Unit had repeated serum iron determinations. There was a rapid (within 24 to 48 hours), pronounced decrease (mean = 64%) of the serum iron concentration in 87% of the 112 patients who had a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Seventy-nine per cent of the 89 patients who did not have an acute myocardial infarction did not have a drop in serum iron concentration. This suggests an association between myocardial infarction and rapid decrease in serum iron concentration. PMID- 7369180 TI - Serum enzyme alterations in polymyositis. Possible pitfalls in diagnosis. AB - We report serum enzyme patterns in three patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis whose cases posed potential problems in distinguishing malignancy, hepatocellular damage, and myocardial infarction from myositis. The alanine aminotransferase showed five- to 16-fold elevations. The creatine kinase MB isoenzyme and a predominance of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes 2 and 3 were present in each of the three patients. However, none of the patients showed any evidence of hepatocellular damage, myocardial infarction, or malignancy. We suggest that, although the individual occurrences are indicative of other processes, the concurrence of elevated alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase MB, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes 2 and 3 is consistent with the diagnosis of polymyositis. PMID- 7369181 TI - Antagonism of cefamandole by cefoxitin in routine disk susceptibility tests. AB - Cefoxitin was found to antagonize cefamandole in standardized disk diffusion susceptibility tests. This antagonism increased as the distance between the two disks decreased, and was most frequently observed in tests with cephalothin resistant Enterobacteriaceae. It occurred in tests with 68 of 98 (69%) cephalothin-resistant isolates, one of six (17%) cephalothin-intermediate isolates, and one of 40 (3%) cephalothin-susceptible isolates. Clinical laboratories that use both disks in routine susceptibility tests should be aware of this anatagonism and should ensure that the disks are not placed in proximity to each other. PMID- 7369182 TI - Antithrombin III patterns in disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - Antithrombin III-heparin cofactor has now been recognized as a major inhibitor of thrombin and other serine proteases in the blood coagulation system. Since the reaction between antithrombin III and serine proteases is irreversible, one would expect antithrombin III consumption in the face of pathologic intravascular coagulation and attendant generation of thrombin, IXa, Xa, XIa, XIIa, and plasmin. Using a new assay system for antithrombin III that is unaffected by heparin or fibrino (geno) lytic degradation products, antithrombin III was monitored before and during therapy in 38 patients who had acute or chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation. It was found that early and significant decreases in anththrombin III occur in disseminated intravascular coagulation and thus may serve as a useful diagnostic tool. It was further found that monitoring antithrombin III during therapy reflected a cessation of antithrombin III consumption and, thus, served as an indicator of the efficacy of therapy in stopping the clotting process. Since the assay system is unaffected by fibrino(geno)lytic degradation products and heparin, it proved useful in monitoring the efficacy of heparin therapy for disseminated intravascular coagulation. In addition for this group of patients, it appeared that mini heparin therapy and large doses of heparin were equally efficacious in correcting other laboratory abnormalities of disseminated intravascular coagulation, and in controlling clinical hemorrhage in disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 7369184 TI - An evaluation of a whole-blood platelet counter. AB - The performance of the platelet count in the hematology laboratory remains a laborious, time-consuming technic requiring separation of platelet-rich plasma, correction for leukocyte counts, lysis of erythrocytes, etc. The availability of an instrument that would count platelets in whole blood would appear to be a distinct advantage. One such instrument has been recently evaluated. The Ultra Flo 100 Whole Blood Platelet Counter was found to be a reliable instrument for performing platelet counts on microspecimens of untreated whole blood. Counts were both accurate and precise, with no carry-over from specimen to specimen. The major advantage of the system is the speed with which platelet counts may be performed (25 sec) and results produced, a distinct advantage in those laboratories serving large outpatient hematology/oncology clinics. Six months of day-to-day experience in the laboratory has shown a favorable frequency-of-repair record, with little downtime. PMID- 7369183 TI - Two new artifacts in automated coagulation testing. AB - Two artifacts were noted during the routine use of the Sherwood Lancer Coagulyzer. The first was that prothrombin times for 44 patients were greater than 90 sec on the Sherwood instrument, but were significantly shorter using reference methods. All 44 patients had subnormal fibrinogen values. Continuous optical density tracings during clotting performed for 11 patients demonstrated low slopes and amplitudes. For the three patients tested, the addition of fibrinogen corrected prothrombin times to values similar to those obtained on the Bio-Data instrument. Twenty-four of the patients subsequently died, 20 within three weeks of the observation of the artifact. The second artifact was that activated partial thromboplastin times for 12 patients were 9 sec on the Sherwood instrument, but were either normal or prolonged when using reference methods. Continuous tracings performed for nine patients demonstrated early optical density increases before clotting, which were responsible for the spurious values. Eleven of the 12 patients were hypoalbuminemic, and nine of the ten tested had elevated IgM levels. For seven patients, the artifact disappeared with in-vitro correction of hypoalbuminemia. Far from being weaknesses of the Coagulyzer, these artifacts may lead to the discovery of unsuspected, clinically significant laboratory information. PMID- 7369185 TI - Evaluation of a pneumatic-tube system for delivery of blood specimens to the blood bank. AB - This study evaluated the suitability of delivering patient blood specimens to the blood bank by a hospital pneumatic-tube system. No significant discrepancies were found between duplicate pneumatic-tube and hand-carried specimens in ABO and Rh typing, Du and direct Coombs' testing, rouleaux formation, and antibody screening and identification. There were no significant differences in titers or scores of unexpected erythrocytic antibodies in duplicate pneumatic-tube and hand-carried specimens. No significant differences in antibody strength were detected between specimens from partially-filled and nearly full clot tubes delivered by pneumatic tube. Our pneumatic-tube system may be safely used to transport patient blood specimens for routine type and crossmatch. Slight hemolysis in some pneumatic tube specimens makes our pneumatic-tube system unsuitable for transporting blood specimens collected for evaluation of transfusion reactions. PMID- 7369187 TI - Pseudospirochetes and erythrocytic ecdysis. PMID- 7369186 TI - Monoclonal gammopathy in carcinoma of the colon. AB - A patient with carcinoma of the colon had an IgG-kappa monoclonal peak. Within two years after surgical removal of the carcinoma, the monoclonal protein completely disappeared. Monoclonal gammopathy has been described in association with malignant diseases. The disappearance of the monoclonal protein is a response of the immune system to the underlying neoplasm. PMID- 7369188 TI - Patient's adjustment to family-care as related to their perceptions of real-ideal differences in treatment environments. AB - Moos (1974) has extended Roger's (1951) concept of real-ideal self-differences to evaluate patient's perceptions of real and ideal treatment environments. Real ideal discrepancies in patient's judgments of treatment environments in both inpatient and community treatment programs were found by Moos to be negatively correlated with their ratings of general satisfaction with the program, liking for the staff, perceived opportunity for personal development, and positively correlated with self-rated anxiety. PMID- 7369189 TI - Waiting time and no-show rate in a community mental health center. PMID- 7369191 TI - Social support resources, stress, and maladjustment of poor children. AB - The effects of the presence of social support resources as moderators of the relationship between stress and maladjustment was investigated. The sample consisted of 71 kindergarten through third-grade inner-city children referred by their teachers as experiencing adjustment problems. Stress was assessed using a 32-item recent life event scale, and maladjustment was assessed using parent ratings of children's adjustment problems. The sample was subdivided to reflect the presence versus absence of three social support resources: older sibling vs. no older sibling, one- vs. two-parent family, and ethnically congruent vs. incongruent with the community. Correlations between stress measures and maladjustment measures were computed within each subsample. The results indicate that older siblings and two parents in the family both reduce the negative effects of stress on children. The results are interpreted to be consistent with social support literature and implications for preventive interventions are discussed. PMID- 7369190 TI - Incidence of utilization of public mental health facilities as a function of short-term economic decline. AB - Analysis of the incidence of utilization of public mental health facilities during a 6-year time span yielded a significant relationship between lower occupational status and utilization of inpatient facilities. Further analysis revealed a significant relationship between education and utilization of outpatient facilities. Both of the findings held for 6 to 9 months after the beginning of economic decline. PMID- 7369192 TI - Self-help groups: the members' perspectives. AB - The emergence of self-help groups as an important source of help-giving for persons with psychological problems has occurred without a systematic attempt to tap an important source of information about this phenomenon: the members themselves. Eighty members of nine self-help groups were surveyed. The results of this study suggest that self-help groups serve a different population than do professional therapists, that the help-giving processes are mainly supportive in nature, and that an optimistic attitude toward increased collaboration between professional care-givers and self-help groups is justified. Questions for further research are discussed. PMID- 7369193 TI - Health professionals' perceptions of the psychological consequences of abortion. AB - Measures of depression, guilt, and state and trait anxiety were administered to doctors, nurses, and social workers under two conditions, self-report and role play. In the role-play condition, they were asked to complete the questions as would a woman who had undergone an abortion the previous day. Half of the subjects in each group were experienced with abortion patients, and half were inexperienced students. All three professional groups expected extreme depression, guilt, and anxiety on the part of the abortion patient, when compared with their own scores. These expectations do not match the experience reported by abortion patients in this and other studies. As previously found, nurses were more extreme in their attitudes; but this is explained in terms of their self report data, which were also more extreme on all measures. PMID- 7369194 TI - Personal disruptions, social integration, subjective well-being, and predisposition toward the use of counseling services. AB - The importance of social integration for the subjective well-being and predisposition toward professional counseling services of persons experiencing personal disruptions is explored among 1,423 northwest Wisconsin residents. Considerable support is found for the hypothesis that greater contact with close friends diminishes the effect of personal disruptions (health problems, marital break-up, and unemployment) on individual well-being. Some evidence is found in favor of the proposition that greater contact with close friends for those with disruptions reduces the inclination to use professional counselors. And, unexpectedly, the frequency of interaction with friends for those without stressful events is not found to significantly influence the level of morale. Friendship ties and counseling services are suggested as alternative resources for persons in crisis, and the relevance of findings on social integration, personal disruptions, and morale for models of subjective well-being is discussed. PMID- 7369195 TI - Recurrent abdominal pain in childhood. PMID- 7369197 TI - RA27/3 rubella vaccine. A four-year follow-up. AB - RA27/3 rubella vaccine was given to 418 subjects aged 1 to 17 years in 1974, 201 of whom participated in a four-year follow-up study. Two vaccine-associated complications were reported. A 5-year-old boy had transient arthritis of the hip, and a 1-year-old boy had a pigmented macule at the inoculation site. Rubella reinfection was uncommon, occurring at most in three of our subjects. All of the 186 susceptible children seroconverted, and 182 had hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) titers of 8 or greater at four-year follow-up (geometric mean titer, 30.3). In the four children whose HI titers declined to undetectable levels, both HI and neutralizing (Nt) antibodies had developed immediately postimmunization, and two had Nt titers at follow-up despite loss of HI antibodies. RA27/3 vaccine boosted HI titers in 15 seropositive subjects, but titers returned to preimmunization levels four years later. We concluded that RA27/3 vaccine produced durable immunity with very low rates of rubella reinfection and secondary vaccine failure during the four years since immunization. PMID- 7369196 TI - The alternative birthing center. One family's experience. PMID- 7369198 TI - Metastatic complications of Fusobacterium necrophorum sepsis. Two cases of Lemierre's postanginal septicemia. AB - We have recently encountered two instances of septicemia due to Fusobacterium necrophorum in adolescents. The presence of severe exudative pharyngitis in both patients pointed to the upper respiratory tract as the probable portal of entry. In one case, metastatic infection was manifested by multiple septic pulmonary emboli with associated pleural effusions. In the other case, diffuse encephalopathy and septic arthritis of the left shoulder and hip occurred. Unilateral neck pain, persistent bacteremia, and prolonged fever despite appropriate antibiotics were consistent with the presence of septic jugular thrombophlebitis in both patients. "Postanginal septicemia" caused by F necrophorum, described by Lemierre in the preantibiotic era, was undoubtedly the syndrome manifested by these patients. This condition, formerly uniformly fatal, can readily be diagnosed when anaerobic techniques are used for blood culture, but requires prolonged antibiotic therapy for cure. PMID- 7369199 TI - Esophageal perforations in premature infants and comments on the diagnosis. AB - Traumatic perforation of the esophagus follows oropharyngeal suctioning or endotracheal intubation. The diagnosis frequently is made from a routine chest roentgenogram that shows a nasogastric tube in the right pleural space with or without a pneumothorax. The lesion is seen most often in infants of low birth weight. PMID- 7369200 TI - Urinary infection in infants and preschool children. Five-year follow-up. AB - A group of 1,617 infants and 1,711 preschool children were studied for symptomatic and asymptomatic urinary infection and followed up for three to five years. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was found in 1.8% of female infants, 0.5% of male infants, 0.8% of preschool girls, and none of the preschool boys. Seventeen percent of the infants and 13% of the preschool children with urinary infection studied roentgenographically had upper tract damage; 46% of the infants and 9% of the preschool children had vesicoureteral reflux. Infants with normal urinary tracts and urinary infection with or without reflux tended to have recurrent infection, whereas the kidneys remained anatomically normal. The infants with high-risk lesions, such as obstructive uropathy and vesicoureteral junction ectopia and deformity, had substantial bacteriuria on screening culture. PMID- 7369201 TI - Occult anterior sacral meningocele. AB - Anterior sacral meningocele is a rare congenital malformation consisting of a spinal fluid-filled sac in the pelvis communicating by a small neck with the spinal subarachnoid space through a sacral defect. This entity should be considered if the characteristic scimitar sacrum is observed on a pelvic roentgenogram. If signs and symptoms also suggest a meningocele, special studies such as ultrasonography and myelography are indicated to establish the diagnosis of an anterior sacral meningocele. Computerized tomography provides additional evidence of spinal-abdominal extension of this lesion. PMID- 7369202 TI - Nasal polymorphic reticulosis in a child. AB - The case of nasal polymorphic reticulosis in a child is presented. The patient, an 11-year-old adopted boy, complained of nasal stuffiness and pain. Perforation of the nasal septum and ulceration of the hard palate were evident on examination, and an irregular tumor in the nasal cavity was demonstrated by tomography. Biopsy specimen showed atypical lymphoreticular cells within mixed inflammatory infiltrates. He was treated with radiation followed by cyclophosphamide, mercaptopurine, and methotrexate sodium. Despite regression of the palate lesion and a 12-month symptom-free interval, he died of disseminated polymorphic reticulosis 1 1/2 years after diagnosis. We are unable to find a similar reported case in a child. PMID- 7369203 TI - Friedreich's ataxia with acute cardiomyopathy. AB - Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is a progressive, spinocerebellar degenerative disease. Onset is generally in the second decade of life, occurring as a neurologic degenerative process. Most, if not all, patients have an associated cardiomyopathy, which is frequently the cause of death. We studied two siblings who had FA with acute cardiomyopathy at 3 and 5 years of age, respectively, and in whom the classic nervous system signs developed, only later. The diagnosis of FA should be considered in patients of any age who have unexplained cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7369204 TI - Bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome in an adolescent. AB - A 13-year-old boy with nocturnal paresthesias of the hands was shown to have bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome by electrodiagnosis. Surgical findings included thickening of the transverse carpal ligament and local anomalies of tendon and muscle. Surgical correction produced prompt relief. PMID- 7369205 TI - Hyperactivity. Symptom complex or complex symptom? AB - The phenomenon of "hyperactivity" is well recognized. Results of long-term follow up studies show that children diagnosed as "hyperactive" are at risk for severe problems during adolescence and adulthood. However, no common diagnostic criteria exist for "hyperactivity." The term can refer to a number of very different behaviors, and children diagnosed as "hyperactive" may also exhibit one or more concomitant difficulties. A "hyperactive" child should be carefully assessed to determine the nature of the behavioral problem and its source, and the term "hyperactivity" itself should be used with caution. PMID- 7369206 TI - Radiological case of the month. Osteopoikilosis: familial documentation. PMID- 7369207 TI - Successful treatment of rupture of normal spleen in newborn. PMID- 7369208 TI - Neonatal death associated with acute transplacental ethanol intoxication. PMID- 7369209 TI - Intracranial dermoid cyst: diagnosis by computerized tomography. PMID- 7369210 TI - Hyperglycemia and sepsis in a newborn. PMID- 7369211 TI - Nutritional osteomalacia. PMID- 7369212 TI - The fate of the special care baby unit. PMID- 7369214 TI - Ticrynafen-induced uricosuria with concurrent aspirin therapy. PMID- 7369213 TI - Reconstituting cefamandole and protecting from light. PMID- 7369215 TI - Training and monitoring of primary-care pharmacists. PMID- 7369217 TI - Of technicians, job satisfaction, and job enrichment. PMID- 7369216 TI - Problems with laboratory method of measuring thiazides in urine. PMID- 7369221 TI - Analysis of drug-drug interactions in a geriatric population. PMID- 7369218 TI - Job satisfaction of hospital pharmacy technicians in North Carolina. AB - Factors related to job satisfaction among pharmacy technicians in North Carolina hospitals were studied. To gather data on job satisfaction, job function, and work attitudes, a questionnaire was designed and sent to pharmacy directors and technicians at 83 North Carolina hospitals. The 389 responses represented response rates of 70.3% for technicians and 91.6% for directors. Pharmacy technicians had significantly lower job satisfaction scores (p = 0.05) for work pay, promotion, and coworkers than those reported elsewhere for other workers. There was no difference between technicians and other workers in satisfaction with supervisors. Pharmacy technicians were most satisfied with their supervisors and coworkers, least satisfied with their pay and promotion outlook, and neutral about their work. Higher satisfaction scores were found for technicians who (1) worked in smaller hospitals, (2) performed a wider variety of tasks, or (3) were over 35 years old. Directors judged technician attitudes toward their work to be slightly higher than the technicians did. The study indicates that, in addition to monetary reward, careful consideration of nonmonetary rewards and job functions could contribute to greater technician job satisfaction. PMID- 7369220 TI - Improving medication compliance by counseling and special prescription container. PMID- 7369219 TI - Relationship between cimetidine plasma levels and gastric acidity in acutely ill patients. AB - The relationship between cimetidine plasma levels and gastric acidity was studied in acutely ill patients. Patients in surgical intensive care for stress ulcer who were being managed with nasogastric suction were studied. Nine patients (Group 1) received 300 mg of intravenous cimetidine over 30 minutes every six hours. Titratable acidity and pH of gastric aspirates and plasma cimetidine levels were measured at peak (1.5--2.5 hours) and trough (5--6 hours) times following cimetidine administration, in Group 1. Titratable acidity and pH were measured for nine Group 2 patients (control) who did not receive cimetidine. In Group 1, mean gastric acid output was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) and mean pH was significantly higher (p less than 0.005) than in Group 2. In Group 1, plasma cimetidine concentration correlated poorly with gastric pH and gastric acid output (r = 0.21). The study indicates that the correlation between plasma cimetidine levels and gastric acid secretion is poor, but that the cimetidine dosage used suppressed acid output during the entire dosing interval. PMID- 7369223 TI - Summary of the final report of the ASHP Task Force on Payment for Pharmacy Services. PMID- 7369222 TI - Cimetidine hydrochloride compatibility. I: Chemical aspects and room temperature stability in intravenous infusion fluids. AB - The visual and chemical stabilities of cimetidine hydrochloride in solution with frequently prescribed large-volume parenteral fluids were studied. Cimetidine hydrochloride was added aseptically to each of 22 intravenous fluid products in glass or polyvinyl chloride containers to final concentrations of 120 and 500 mg/100 ml. The solutions were stored at approximately 25 degrees C. At 0, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours (1 week) after mixing, the solutions were examined for color, odor, and clarity; pH values were measured; and the cimetidine contents were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The solutions showed no changes in odor, color, or clarity. The pH values remained relatively invariant, except for slight increases in the 5% dextrose and in the Aminosyn 3.5% M solutions (120 mg/100 ml) and the 10% Travert Injection (500 mg/100 ml). Cimetidine content remained steady in all solutions. Cimetidine hydrochloride is visually and chemically stable for at least one week at ambient temperatures when combined with commonly used intravenous fluids in concentrations of 120 and 500 mg/100 of solution. PMID- 7369225 TI - State societies of hospital pharmacists move toward accepting technician members. PMID- 7369224 TI - General purpose of research designs. AB - The purposes and criteria for formulating a design of research, conditions for judging causality, and use of research design as a control of variance are discussed. The purpose of a research design is to provide a plan of study that permits accurate assessment of cause and effect relationships between independent and dependent variables. The classic controlled experiment is an ideal example of good research design. Factors that jeopardize the evaluation of the effect of experimental treatment (internal validity) and the generalizations derived from it (external validity) are identified. Sources of variance can be controlled by eliminating a variable, randomization, matching, or including a variable as part of the design. A research project should be so designed that (1) it answers the questions being investigated, (2) extraneous factors are controlled, and (3) the degree of generalization that can be made is valid. PMID- 7369226 TI - Disposal problems for radioactive medical wastes become more severe. PMID- 7369229 TI - The environment, technology and health: a century of progress but a time of despair. PMID- 7369227 TI - Exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 7369228 TI - The dying patient: a clinician's view. PMID- 7369231 TI - Thallium-scan myocardial defects and echocardiographic abnormalities in patients with sarcoidosis without clinical cardiac dysfunction. An analysis of 44 patients. AB - Sarcoidosis of the myocardium, an illness occurring predominantly in young adults, frequently becomes clinically apparent when the disease is far advanced. Since the thallium myocardial perfusion scan (TMPS) is known to be capable of detecting granulomas, it seemed to be promising as a noninvasive means of screening for this complication of sarcoidosis. We, therefore, examined 44 consecutive patients with sarcoidosis, none of whom had clinical evidence of heart disease, utilizing TMPS, echocardiography, electrocardiography, systolic time interval ratios (PEP-LVET) and 24-hour Holter monitoring. TMPS disclosed left ventricular defects in 14 patients (32 per cent) and abnormalities of the right ventricle in an additional four patients. Left ventricular abnormalities on the TMPS were associated with echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular dysfunction (widened mitral E point septal separation) but not with abnormalities on Holter monitoring or electrocardiograms. Systolic time interval ratios were insensitive but highly specific for the presence of abnormalities on the TMPS. We conclude that the TMPS frequently discloses abnormalities in sarcoidosis, which may be a reflection of its sensitivity in this setting. PMID- 7369230 TI - Acute tumor lysis syndrome. A review of 37 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma. AB - Renal and metabolic complications of tumor lysis during 46 episodes of remission induction chemotherapy were reviewed in 37 patients with American Burkitt's lymphoma. Azotemia occurred in 14 patients, preceding chemotherapy in eight. All of these patients had abdominal tumors. Pretreatment azotemia was associated with elevated lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and uric acid levels, and sometimes extrinsic ureteral obstruction by tumor. Two patients required dialysis for uric acid nephropathy before chemotherapy was initiated. Following chemotherapy, major complications of tumor lysis (hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia) were associated with very large tumors, high LDH levels and inadequate urinary output. In patients undergoing diuresis and receiving allopurinol, hyperkalemia or hyperuricemia developed infrequently unless concomitant renal failure ensued. Hyperphosphatemia, which occurred only after chemotherapy, developed in 10 of 32 (31 per cent) nonazotemic and in all azotemic patients. Hemodialysis was required in three post-treatment patients for control of azotemia, hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia and/or hyperkalemia. Because of the potential for renal failure caused by precipitation of phosphate, severe hyperphosphatemia is an additional criterion for dialysis in patients with acute tumor lysis syndrome. PMID- 7369233 TI - Familial partial deficiency of the third component of complement (C3) and the hypocomplementemic cutaneous vasculitis syndrome. AB - Familial hypocomplementemia of the third component of complement (C3) was found in four members of a family. The prospositus had cutaneous vasculitis, hypocomplementemia, arthralgia, proteinuria and thrombocytopenia. The combination of clinical, laboratory and pathologic findings resembled the "hypocomplementemic cutaneous vasculitis syndrome" (HCVS) or the "SLE-like syndrome" but serum C3 concentration was 35 to 57 per cent of normal in the propositus and in three relatives. Results of Clq precipitins, cryoglobulins and serologic tests for systemic lupus erythematosus were negative. Proteinuria (815 mg/day) but no hematuria was present. Analysis of the C3 phenotypes in this family showed that three hypocomplementemic members were apparent homozygous C3 slow but one was heterozygous C3 fast-slow. Metabolic studies with 125-Iodinated C3 in the clinically normal mother showed a 50 per cent reduction in C3 synthesis which was consistent with hypocomplementemia documented by serum protein assay. The occurrence of an immune complex-like disease (with characteristics of the HCVS) in a patient with a familial deficiency of C3 suggests that the preexisting C3 deficiency may predispose such persons to certain diseases. PMID- 7369232 TI - Nephronophthisis. AB - Twenty-one patients with nephronophthisis are described with a follow-up of one to 16 years (mean 9.3 years). In 10 patients, there was a familial incidence. Autosomal recessive appears the likely mode of inheritance with a 20 per cent incidence noted (seven of 35) following correction for the bias of ascertainment by removing the probands. Seven patients had an associated and characteristic retinal degeneration from infancy. Associated neurologic problems, including mental retardation, seizures and cerebellar ataxis, were also seen in some patients. Previously described skeletal abnormalities and hepatic fibrosis were not seen in any of our patients. All presented at an advanced stage of chronic renal failure, usually associated with a history of polydipsia and polyuria from infancy. Renal cysts were noted in only one of the nine patients in whom tissue was obtained by needle biopsy. In seven patients in whom tissue was available at nephrectomy or autopsy, cysts were noted in six although only in two were they localized to the medulla. Eighteen patients have undergone dialysis, and 12 patients have received a renal transplant with no evidence of recurrence of the original disease. Sixteen patients are still alive. Many synonyms for nephronophthisis have appeared, with medullary cystic disease being the most common. Our experience suggests that nephronophthisis is a common cause of chronic renal failure and has commonly associated nonrenal abnormalities. PMID- 7369234 TI - Hypertension management: the computer as a participant. AB - A computerized system called ARTEMIS has been taking part in the management of a referral hypertension clinic since September 1975. From January 1, 1976 to January 1, 1979, 3,624 patients' records were set up and updated, all of them accessible on line. The mean rate of response to 17 questions with obligatory answers concerning patients' past history was 97.6 per cent. The 10 routine laboratory tests included in the initial in-hospital work-up were registered in over 92 per 100 of the 2,651 hospital records examined. Negative responses were registered with the same accuracy as positive ones, when the computerized questionnaires were appropriately drafted. Standardized collection of information insured homogeneity of the medical staff and has already made possible epidemiologic studies. ARTEMIS has detected strategical errors such as the lack of yearly programmed tests for cardiovascular risk-factors associated with hypertension. The computer has helped to achieve a high rate of patient compliance at one year (81.3 per cent), by providing patients up-dated editions of their personal summary reports as well as sending periodical letters of recall to them and to their physicians. At a total annual cost of 11 dollars per patient, the computer provides continuous information on process and outcome, for each patient and physician, and for the entire population followed up at the clinic. It facilitates physician adherence to predefined protocols and reinforces follow-up continuity by creating a communications network between the referral clinic, the patient and the general practitioner. PMID- 7369235 TI - Clinical, electrophysiologic and hemodynamic profile of patients resuscitated from prehospital cardiac arrest. PMID- 7369236 TI - Gaucher's disease associated with Hodgkin's disease. AB - A patient with chronic adult-onset Gaucher's disease is described. The diagnosis was based on the finding of typical Gaucher cells in the spleen, liver and bone marrow associated with deficiency of glucocerebrosidase. The patient also had Hodgkin's disease, nodular sclerosis type, stage III. The patient is alive and relatively well six years after presentation, having been treated with a combination of chemotherapeutic regimens. Previously reported cases of Gaucher's disease concurrent with Hodgkin's disease are reviewed. PMID- 7369237 TI - Post-traumatic hypopituitarism due to a hypothalamic lesion. AB - Two patients were studied who suffered from severe head trauma with skull fracture. Hypopituitarism developed in both. Because of elevated serum prolactin levels and because of preserved response of some of the pituitary hormones to exogenous thyrotropin and gonadotropin-releasing hormones, the responsible lesion in both cases was most likely suprasellar. Findings of interest included slightly elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the presence of hypothyroidism in one of the patients, and dissociation of the luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) responsiveness to both gonadotropin-releasing hormone and clomiphene citrate in the other patient. It is suggested that the diagnosis of post-traumatic hypopituitarism be considered in patients with head trauma and that periodically appropriate laboratory testing be performed to confirm the diagnosis. PMID- 7369239 TI - National Medical Laboratory Week. PMID- 7369238 TI - Inhibtion of cold insolubility of serum cryoglobulin by epsilon aminocaproic acid. AB - Cold-induced insolubility of serum cryoglobulins can be inhibited by various carbohydrates and aminocarboxylic acids. Among the inhibitors, Epsilon amino caproic acid (EACA) was found to be effective at therapeutic levels in a patient who had mixed-type cryoglobulinemia. In vivo administration of EACA completely prevented cryoprecipitation; the inhibition being accompanied by a parallel decrease in the viscosity of the precooled serum. The data along with kinetics of serum EACA levels suggest specific binding of the drug to the cryoglobulins in this patient. This binding may be the basis for the observed inhibitory activity. The in vivo use of specific inhibitors of cryoglobulin precipitation may prove to have therapeutic application in the management of cryoglobulinemic patients. PMID- 7369240 TI - Allied health manpower: the data problem--collection, analysis, and usage. PMID- 7369241 TI - Introduction to ISOMUNE-LD in myo-cardial infarction. PMID- 7369242 TI - Mini-course No 1. Hematology. PMID- 7369243 TI - Avoiding professional obsolescence: the mandatory continuing education debate. AB - Mandatory continuing education is being widely debated or enacted by many certifying agencies and state licensing bodies as a key factor in recertification and relicensure. It is commonly believed that mandatory continuing education automatically means continued competency. Continuing education, along with some of the arguments that support its existence, is briefly described. A description of professional obsolescence and a discussion of the mandatory continuing education debate are also presented. PMID- 7369244 TI - Laboratory quality control: use of Shewhart charts and ANOVA. AB - For years industry has used the Shewhart charting system for determining precision and accuracy of industrial products. This method has been adapted to the clinical laboratory, in this project setting, and coupled with analysis of variance (ANOVA). The yield is an in-house quality control (QC) system that graphically shows ongoing precision and accuracy, gives limits of control based on the capabilities of procedures used in three of St. Luke's laboratories, shows within-day and between-day variation, and can be used for evaluation of new methods. The system not only points out problem areas, but enables inexperienced personnel to see when problems exist. PMID- 7369245 TI - Recurrent urinary tract infections in men: an assessment of contemporary treatment. PMID- 7369249 TI - Irreversible pulmonary toxicity after single course of BCNU. AB - Irreversible pulmonary interstitial fibrosis developed 36 days after a single course of BCNU (total, 400 mg) in a patient with a malignant brain tumor. The case is unique in that irreversible changes developed shortly after a single course of BCNU whereas heretofore such permanent changes have been associated only with multiple courses of the drug (2,000-4,000 mg). This suggests that individual differences in the local sensitivity of lung tissue may be as important as the dose of the drug in determining whether irreversible fibrosis will develop. PMID- 7369248 TI - Noonan's syndrome and hypopituitarism. AB - A 37-year-old man with Noonan's syndrome hypopituitarism is described. The patient had small stature, minor facial abnormalities, cubitus valgus and pectus excavatum. In addition, endocrine testing revealed deficiencies of growth hormone, gonadotrophins and TSH. Prolactin increased normally in response to TRH administration, but failed to rise after chlorpromazine. Although intrinsic pituitary dysfunction cannot be excluded, the dissociated response of prolactin to TRH and chlorpromazine suggests that the pituitary hormone deficiencies may be secondary to hypothalamic dysfunction. PMID- 7369247 TI - Intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole alone or combined with tobramycin for infections in cancer patients. AB - A total of 120 episodes of infection in 113 cancer patients were treated with intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) alone (92 episodes) or with TMP-SMX plus continuous infusion tobramycin (28 episodes). The overall response rates were 47% and 75%, respectively. The majority of episodes had failed to respond to prior antibiotics. Pneumonia was the most common infection, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common pathogen. TMP-SMX plus tobramycin cured 86% of episodes of septicemia and 76% of episodes of pneumonia, whereas TMP-SMX alone cured 20% and 42%, respectively. The initial neutrophil count did not appear critical in determining the outcome of infection. It was the change in the neutrophil count during the infection that appeared important. The outcome of infection was less favorable where abnormal renal and/or hepatic functions were documented. The sensitivity of the organism in vitro to TMP-SMX and/or tobramycin correlated well with the in vivo response. Intravenous TMP-SMX was well tolerated with a 4% incidence of reversible toxicity. A 15% incidence of renal toxicity was attributable to tobramycin. Intravenous TMP-SMX appears to be useful antimicrobial regimen for the therapy of infections caused by susceptible organisms in cancer patients. PMID- 7369246 TI - Hypernatremia, hypodipsia and partial diabetes inspipidus: a model for defective osmoregulation. PMID- 7369250 TI - Dissected popliteal cyst: an unusual presentation of acute gout. AB - A 46-year-old man with acute gout and a dissected popliteal cyst presented with clinical features which mimicked rheumatoid arthritis and thrombophlebitis. The clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the case are presented and similar cases previously reported are briefly reviewed. PMID- 7369251 TI - Results of radical surgical procedures after radiation for treatment of invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix in a private practice. AB - An analysis is made of the results of treatment of 96 women with carcinoma of the cervix, Stages IB and II, in a private practice. All 96 women were treated preoperatively with uterine intracavitary radium, followed 6 weeks later by Wertheim hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. If malignant tumor was present in the lateral pelvic lymph nodes, external radiation was given postoperatively. The over-all survival rates were: Stage IB, 88% and 84% at 5 and 10 years; Stage II, 72% and 62% at 5 and 10 years. Regardless of the clinical stage, the highest survival rates were found in those patients who had no malignancy in the lateral pelvic lymph nodes and no residual cervical carcinoma. The lowest survival rates were found in those patients who had both residual cervical carcinoma and lymph node metastases. PMID- 7369253 TI - Evaluation of student performance in a multi-site clinical clerkship. AB - A method for examining the equivalency of student performance in multi-site clinical clerkships is presented. Six student performance variables within the clerkship are explored: pretest, posttest, oral examination, presentation of a subject review, general clinical performance, and patient write-ups. Student achievement on two external examinations (a University of Washington School of Medicine third-year comprehensive examination and the Part II examination of the National Board of Medical Examiners) is reviewed and compared. This method applied to an obstetrics and gynecology clerkship at the University of Washington reveals no significant differences in student performance among sites on the pretest, oral examination, and both external examinations, but there were differences on four internal measures (posttest, presentations, write-ups, and clinical ratings). The use of this information for clerkship improvement and faculty development is described. PMID- 7369252 TI - The inhibition of premature labor with indomethacin. AB - We administered indomethacin orally for the treatment of premature labor in a prospective, randomized, double-blind fashion, and all infants were followed up. Indomethacin was significantly more effective than placebo in inhibition of premature labor during a 24-hour course of therapy, with treatment failure during therapy occurring in only one of 15 indomethacin-treated patients compared to nine of 15 placebo-treated patients (p less than 0.01). Mean plasma concentrations of indomethacin were approximately 0.8 micrograms/ml at both 4 and 12 hours after administration. Mean plasma levels of 15-oxo-13,14 dihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) were similar in the two groups before treatment, decreased markedly in the indomethacin group by 4 hours, and were not detected at 12 hours in all but the one indomethacin-treated patient who was delivered within 24 hours. Patients in the placebo group who were delivered prematurely had higher pretreatment PGFM levels (mean +/- SE, 83 +/- 18 pg/ml, n = 9) than the patients who responded to placebo (25 +/- 6 pg/ml, n = 6) (p less than 0.05). There was no difference between the indomethacin and placebo groups with respect to gestational age at delivery, birth weight, and neonatal morbidity and deaths. In particular, we found no evidence of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus, pulmonary hypertension, or increase in bleeding problems among the infants exposed to indomethacin in utero. Although no difference in neonatal outcome was observed in this small number of patients, it would seem prudent still to consider indomethacin as an experimental therapy. PMID- 7369254 TI - Application of cephalosporins to obstetrics and gynecology: transfer of cefazolin and cephalothin to uterine tissue. AB - Antibiotics should be administered so as to maintain effective therapeutic levels in target organs. In routine clinical treatment, however, doses of antibiotics are determined on the basis of their achievable concentrations in blood. To determine the optimum doses of antibiotics against obstetric and gynecologic infections, the authors gave a single intravenous dose of 2 gm of cefazolin or cephalothin to 51 patients before hysterectomy and measured the levels of the antibiotics in uterine tissues and compared them with corresponding serum levels. The maximum tissue levels of cefazolin were generally about 6 to 7 times higher than those of cephalothin: In tthe perimetrium, levels were 154 microgram/gm for cefazolin and 24.1 microgram/gm for cephalothin; in the myometrium, 109.5 microgram/gm for cefazolin, and 15.5 microgram/gm for cephalothin; and in the endometrium, 98.9 microgram/gm for cefazolin and 10.4 microgram/gm for cephalothin. In the tissues, however, cephalothin reached peak levels more rapidly than cefazolin. Comparisons of the tissue levels and MIC of cefazolin and cephalothin revealed that cefazolin was maintained at over 12.5 microgram/gm for at least 150 minutes in the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium, whereas cephalothin was maintained at these levels for 40 to 50 minutes only in the perimetrium and myometrium. The ratio of tissue levels to serum levels was 40-70 to 100 for cefazolin and about 30 or less to 100 for cephalothin. PMID- 7369255 TI - Uptake of 3H-norepinephrine in human female reproductive organs. AB - 3H-NA was administered to five nonpregnant and 12 pregnant women during the first half of gestation. The rate of disappearance of 3H and 3H-NA was very fast and did not differ between the pregnant and nonpregnant women. The fallopian tubes had a higher uptake capacity for 3H-NA than the uterus. The uterine and ovarian tissues of the nonpregnant patients had a higher uptake capacity for 3H-NA than the corresponding tissues of pregnant women. However, according to the present results, the function of the adrenergic uptake mechanisms in the puerperal organs differs only slightly from that of the nonpregnant organs during the first half of pregnancy. PMID- 7369257 TI - Fetal movements registered by the pregnant woman correlated to retrospective estimations of fetal movements from cardiotocographic tracings. AB - After reviewing 30 cardiotocographic tracings from 15 pregnant women who directly registered fetal movements (FM) on the cardiotocographic (CT) tracings, we have found no correlation between the actual number of FM and the FM found by retrospective estimation from CT tracings. Ours is the first study to show this lack of correlation. On the contrary, we have found that by using the "retrospective" or "indirect" methods, almost 90% of the FM are overlooked. This is a very important loss of information since registration of FM seems to be a good method for surveillance of the fetus at risk. We also discuss our own methods for overcoming these problems. PMID- 7369256 TI - Physiologic variability and fetal electrocortical activity. AB - The relationship between fetal electrocortical activity and multiple fetal parameters was examined in chronically instrumented fetal lambs. Consistent small but significant changes in fetal heart rate, mean arterial pressure, umbilical blood flow, and the cerebral uptake of glucose relative to oxygen were observed as fetal electrocortical activity cyclically shifted between high-voltage slow activity and low-voltage fast activity. Cardiovascular parameters were higher and the cerebral uptake of glucose relative to oxygen was lower during high-voltage slow activity than during low-voltage fast activity. The implication of these observations is discussed. PMID- 7369258 TI - The role of human placental lactogen assays in antepartum fetal assessment. AB - To determine the role of hPL radioimmunoassays in screening for fetal assessment in normal and hypertensive pregnancies the results of 148 pregnancies were examined by measuring the specificity and sensitivity of the test for prospectively defined fetal conditions. Values of hPL were considered abnormal if they were below the tenth percentile for the range of values derived from pregnancies with a normal fetal outcome ( less than 3.8 microgram/ml). The specificity of the test was 95% but it would have correctly predicted a normal fetal outcome in only 85% of pregnancies. The test varied in its ability to accurately predict abnormal fetal outcome; the sensitivity for the single stillbirth and for cases of fetal jeopardy was 87%, whereas for IUGR the result was 41%. There was a significant difference between hPL values associated with fetal jeopardy and uncomplicated IUGR (p less than 0.01). The frequency of sampling and the application of these results to the prospective screening of normal and hypertensive pregnancies is discussed and it is concluded that hPL assays have a limited but specific role in antepartum evaluation. Screening should be reserved for pregnancies associated with hypertension to exclude the risk of stillbirth and fetal jeopardy occurring specifically in the IUGR fetus. PMID- 7369259 TI - Heart rate as an indicator of the behavioral state. Studies in the newborn infant and prospects for fetal heart rate monitoring. AB - Term healthy newborn infants underwent polygraphy between days 4 and 6 of life. Behavioral states were determined according to Prechtl's criteria. The neonatal heart rate was analyzed for the various behavioral states, with the use of quantitative indices for long-term and short-term irregularity. The applied indices were, respectively, the long-term irregularity index (LTI index) and the interval difference index (ID index). During state 1 the R-R interval length was longer (p less than 0.01), the LTI index lower (p less than 0.01), and the ID index higher (p less then 0.02) than in the immediately preceding or following state 2. For nonconsecutive states 1 and 2 a maximum separation was obtained with the discriminant function 0.0159 RR - 0.065 LTI + 0.062 ID - 7.49. This discriminant function gave a total percentage of correct classification of states 1 and 2 epochs of 93%. The data are discussed with respect to the presence of cycling sleep states in the newborn infant as well as in the fetus. Prospects for fetal antepartum heart rate monitoring are considered. PMID- 7369260 TI - Catecholamine metabolites in amniotic fluid as indicators of intrauterine stress. AB - The catecholamine metabolites HMPG and VMA have been determined in samples of amniotic fluid in 38 uncomplicated pregnancies, seven cases of IUGR, and six cases of diabetes. A successive increase of HMPG and VMA was found toward the end of the pregnancy. HMPG and particularly the HMPG/VMA ratio were significantly higher in the amniotic fluid of the growth-retarded fetuses than in the uncomplicated cases. No significant difference was found between the diabetic and uncomplicated cases. PMID- 7369261 TI - Improved outcome in very low-birth weight infants. PMID- 7369263 TI - Comparison of cephalothin and cefamandole. PMID- 7369262 TI - A dying social grace. PMID- 7369264 TI - Comparison of vaginal delivery and cesarean section in breech presentation. PMID- 7369266 TI - Prenatal anxiety. PMID- 7369265 TI - Corpus luteum surgery. PMID- 7369267 TI - Rubella in a practicing obstetrician: a preventable problem. PMID- 7369268 TI - Pulmonary edema in pregnant patients treated for hypertension. PMID- 7369269 TI - Correction: "rapid assessment of fetal pulmonary maturity. PMID- 7369270 TI - Amniotic fluid lipids of patients with sickle cell disease. PMID- 7369271 TI - Breast milk--a natural resource. AB - As practitioners in obstetrics, we must always concern ourselves with supplying the best care for the mother and her newborn infant. Our concern for good health for both patients must extend beyond the delivery room and the early puerperium. Currently, a large proportion of our patients are electing to bottle-feed and we are losing a valuable natural resource--breast milk. It is important that the patient be educated in the advantages and techniques of breast-feeding and that all false rumors be dispelled. PMID- 7369272 TI - Female sex steroid concentrations in the ampullary and isthmic regions of the human fallopian tube and their relationship to plasma concentrations during the menstrual cycle. AB - The concentrations of estradiol-17 beta (E2) and progesterone (P) were measured in the ampullary and isthmic portions of the fallopian tube of nonpregnant menstruating women and the cyclic fluctuations were related to the concentrations of these hormones in plasma. The steroid concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassays. There was no significant difference in the isthmic and ampullary concentrations of either steroid in any of the menstrual phases. The mean value for E2 was highest in the ovulatory phase and for P during the luteal phase. The tissue (per gm)/plasma (per ml) ratio for the steroid concentrations was above unity in all measurements. The ratio for E2 was highest (isthmus:12, ampulla:8) in the follicular phase and for P (isthmus:26, ampulla:18) during ovulation. Since these highest ratios were attained when plasma steroid concentrations were relatively low they were interpreted as reflections of a maximal receptor contribution. PMID- 7369273 TI - Ultrastructure and steroid-binding studies in leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata. AB - Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) is characterized by the development of numerous leiomyomata throughout the peritoneal cavity which appear grossly malignant but histologically benign. The etiology of this disorder has been controversial. The tenth reported case of LPD is presented with ultrastructural evidence that these tumors arise from smooth muscle cells. The cytoplasmic estrogen and progesterone bindings by these tumors were ninefold and twofold greater than receptor concentrations in normal myometrium from the same patient. In addition to the steroid binding data, the strong association of this disorder with pregnancy or, as in this case, oral contraceptives suggests that the stimulus for neoplastic initiation and growth is hormonally related. PMID- 7369275 TI - Elevated titers of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in oophorectomized women being treated for trophoblastic disease. AB - Radioimmunoassay has shown a cross-reaction of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) with high levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the serum of four women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy as part of their treatment for trophoblastic disease. Administration of oral contraceptives led to suppression of the LH and beta subunit HCG titers. PMID- 7369274 TI - Studies on the duration of ovum transport by the human oviduct. III. Time interval between the luteinizing hormone peak and recovery of ova by transcervical flushing of the uterus in normal women. AB - This article deals with attempts to time the onset and duration of the ovum's sojourn in the endometrial cavity of women. Recovery of the ovum from the uterus was attempted by means of transcervical flushing of the cavity 48 to 216 hours after the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak in plasma. A single flushing or repetitive flushings done at 24-hour intervals in the same cycle were performed in different subjects. With both modalities, the adverse effects were mild and few. Of 132 flushings done in 76 subjects, 90 were considered to be technically adequate from the point of view of recovering over 50% of the flushing volume. Twenty ova were recovered. Technically adequate flushings and adequate timing of the LH peak were accomplished in 39 cycles. In this group, 13 ova were recovered between 96 and 168 hours after the LH peak. The highest yield of ova per flushing was obtained from 120 to 168 hours with an average of 37% and a range of 25% to 50%. Limitations of the technique are discussed. Some uncertainties persist which prevent the drawing of definitive conclusions about how soon after the LH peak the egg enters the uterine cavity, how long it stays there, and what is the extent of individual variation. However, recovery rates at various times after ovulation agree with previous data derived from transfundal flushing and indicate that the ovum is usually transferred to the uterus between 96 and 120 hours after the LH peak is retained there for several days. PMID- 7369276 TI - Invasive hemodynamic monitoring in critically ill pregnant patients: role of Swan Ganz catheterization. AB - Pulmonary artery flow-directed (Swan-Ganz [SG]) catheters are widely accepted as an integral part of the modern management of critically ill patients. Their use permits rational therapeutic decisions to be made on the basis of continuously evolving indices of ventricular function. The information which may be derived from these monitors and the complications associated with their use are outlined. The related reports in the obstetric literature and the authors' 3-year experience are discussed. It is concluded that SG catheterization can be of value in the hemodynamically unstable parturient patient. PMID- 7369278 TI - Colpophotography with a large-format camera. PMID- 7369277 TI - Serum enzymes in the diagnosis of ovarian malignancy. PMID- 7369279 TI - The increased incidence of renal stones in women with spontaneous abortion: a retrospective study. PMID- 7369280 TI - Serum concentration of bile acids in maternal blood and cord blood at parturition. PMID- 7369281 TI - Uteroabdominal sinus following cesarean section. PMID- 7369282 TI - Herpes simplex genitalis infections. PMID- 7369283 TI - An evaluation of the usefulness of x-ray pelvimetry: comparison of the Thoms and modified Ball methods with manual pelvimetry. AB - One hundred studies by x-ray pelvimetry of cephalic presentations were retrospectively analyzed. The Thoms method of interpretation was compared to the modified Ball technique, and both were then contrasted with manual assessment of the pelvis, as prognostic indicators for safe vaginal delivery. Uneventful nonoperative vaginal deliveries occurred in 28.6% of patients with either inlet or midpelvic disproportion by the Thoms method, and in 22.5% of women with absolute disproportion in either plane by the modified Ball method. Neither of the two pelvimetric techniques was significantly more accurate than manual assessment of the pelvis in predicting obstetric outcome. The modified Ball technique offered no improvement over the Thoms method. In view of the high rate of false positives in this series, and the potential oncogenic risk of fetal irradiation, argument is presented for a full trial of labor in vertex presentations, except in the most clinically obvious cases of cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD). The data from this study suggest that there is no significant role for x-ray pelvimetry in the diagnosis and management of CPD in cephalic presentations. PMID- 7369284 TI - Risk factors associated with salpingitis. PMID- 7369285 TI - Prediction of fetal lung maturity. PMID- 7369286 TI - Initiation of human parturition. XI. Lysosomal enzyme release in vitro from amnions obtained from laboring and nonlaboring women. AB - In the present investigation, we sought to ascertain whether an alteration in the physiology of amnionic lysosomes could be demonstrated in association with normal human labor at term. We reasoned that perturbation of the lysosomes of amnion would be associated with a greater rate of release of known lysosomal marker enzyme activity from this tissue. In order to investigate this possibility, we employed discs of amnion tissue which were incubated in medium containing sucrose (0.25M). We observed that the rate of release of lysosomal marker enzyme activity, N-acetyl glucosaminidase, into the incubation medium from amnion tissue obtained from laboring women was greater than the rate of release of the same enzyme activity from amnion tissue obtained from women who were not in labor. During incubation, there was no detectable release of lactate dehydrogenase, a cytosolic marker enzyme, which attests to the viability of the amnion tissue during the experiment. These findings are consistent with the view that there is an alteration in the physiology of lysosomes of the amnion associated with human labor at term, a finding which is supportive of a role for lysosomes of the human fetal membranes in the initiation of human parturition. PMID- 7369288 TI - Induction of severe intrauterine growth retardation in the Sprague-Dawley rat. AB - A noninvasive technique in an animal model that consistently produces severe intrauterine growth retardation in the Sprague-Dawley rat is described. Maternal rats were exposed continuously to a hypoxic environment (9.5% oxygen) between days 10 and 22 of gestation. This oxygen concentration was marginal for the survival of the Sprague-Dawley rat fetus. The results demonstrate decreases of 61% in litter size, 36% in fetal body weight, and 23% in fetal brain weight. The effect of hypoxia was differentiated from that of a reduced voluntary food intake by the maternal rats occurring simultaneously during the period of hypoxic exposure. PMID- 7369287 TI - Hemodynamic effects of isoxsuprine and terbutaline in pregnant and nonpregnant sheep. AB - Nonpregnant and pregnant sheep at 110 to 140 days' gestation were chronically instrumented for measurement of mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, common internal iliac artery blood flow, and middle uterine artery blood flow. Systemic and regional vascular resistances were calculated from pressure/flow data. Either isoxsuprine, 10 microgram/kg/min, or terbutaline, 0.40 microgram/kg/min, was infused continuously for a period of one hour. The above mentioned parameters were monitored during control, infusion, and postinfusion periods. The findings show that: (a) isoxsuprine had greater effects on the mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output than did terbutaline; (b) both agents had minimal effects on the common internal iliac artery blood flow of pregnant ewes, but isoxsuprine decreased the middle uterine artery blood flow significantly; and (c) with isoxsuprine, a marked vasodilatation occurred in the common internal iliac vascular bed of nonpregnant ewes, in contrast to the insignificant changes in the pregnant ewes. The conclusions drawn were that: (1) the more pronounced effects of isoxsuprine are most probably related to a greater beta 1 stimulation; (2) contiguous regional vascular beds respond differently to pharmacologic stimuli; and (3) the state of a given vascular bed during the resting state determines its response to vasoactive agents. PMID- 7369290 TI - The effect of norepinephrine on blood flow through the fetal liver and ductus venosus. AB - Experiments were conducted with 11 chronically catheterized fetal sheep to determine the effects of norepinephrine on the distribution of umbilical venous blood through the ductus venosus, and within the fetal liver. An intraumbilical infusion of 1.1 microgram/kg/min of norepinephrine increased placental blood flow but did not alter the proportion of this flow that was diverted through the ductus venosus. Under control conditions the umbilical flow to the fetal liver was preferentially distributed to the left side and accounted for 80% of the total hepatic blood flow. Flow through the hepatic artery was negligible. Norepinephrine reduced portal flow but also reduced the asymmetric distribution of hepatic umbilical blood flow by greatly increasing the perfusion of the right side of the fetal liver. PMID- 7369289 TI - The human placental bed: electron microscopic study of trophoblastic invasion of spiral arteries. AB - During normal human pregnancy the spiral arteries of the placental bed became so greatly distended that they are capable of delivering a tenfold increase in the supply of blood required by the fetoplacental unit in the third trimester. Studies performed with the use of light and electron microscopes have shown remarkable structural alterations in the walls of these arteries at the end of normal human pregnancy. In order to evaluate the various hypotheses of the histogenesis of these vascular physiologic changes, the present study with light and electron microscopes was carried out on the spiral arteries during the second trimester of normal human pregnancy. Special attention was given to the intravascular migration of trophoblast, as well as to the consequent interaction between fetal and maternal tissues. PMID- 7369292 TI - Intravenous prostaglandin E2 and 16-phenoxy prostaglandin E2 methyl sulfonylamide for induction of fetal death in utero. AB - The efficacy of intravenously administered prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) compared to that of intravenously administered 16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20 tetranor prostaglandin E2 methyl sulfonylamide (SHB 286) for termination of fetal death in utero was evaluated in 20 pregnant women from 14 to 38 weeks' gestation. Ten subjects received 1 microgram of PGE2 per minute intravenously. This rate of infusion was doubled at hourly intervals up to 8 microgram per minute. Ten subjects received 0.25 microgram of SHB 286 per minute. This rate of infusion was doubled at hourly intervals up to 2 microgram per minute. It appears that the dosage schedules of PGE2 and SHB 286 were equally effective in inducing labor. Cumulative expulsion rates and mean induction times were similar in both groups. Rates of emesis were low in both groups. Either fever greater than 38.0 degrees C, or shivering, or phlebitis at the site of infusion was observed in three patients treated with PGE2 but in no patient receiving SHB 286. PMID- 7369291 TI - Estimation of fetal body and fetal head volumes: description of technique and nomograms for 18 to 41 weeks of gestation. PMID- 7369293 TI - Risk of exogenous estrogen therapy and endometrial cancer. AB - A retrospective study was carried out on 431 patients with endometrial cancer and 431 control subjects matched as to age, race, and parity. They were seen at Duke University Medical Center from 1940 to 1975. The study was performed in order to evaluate the risk of exogenous estrogen therapy and the development of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. The overall risk was 2.38, with certain subgroups demonstrating different degrees of risk. Increased risk was associated with estrogen therapy of longer than 5 years' duration in white patients. The risk also was confined to Stage I, grade 1 lesions and more superficial myometrial invasion. Five-year survival for patients who used estrogen replacement and had Stage I, grade 1 lesions was 94.7%. The risks associated with exogenous estrogens are real but should be considered in a risk/benefit context when prescribing for the needs of an individual patient. PMID- 7369294 TI - Increased incidence of choroidal malignant melanoma occurring in a single population of chemical workers. AB - In five patients with choroidal melanoma occurring among present or former workers of the duPont Belle, West Virginia, plant the involved eye was enucleated and histopathologic confirmation of the diagnosis was made. This represents a statistically significantly greater than expected occurrence of choroidal melanomas in the white male study population. PMID- 7369295 TI - Limbal pneumatonometry. AB - A series of comparisons in normal and glaucomatous eyes, all with normal corneas, was made between Goldmann applanation tonometry and Langham pneumatonometry, central and limbal, and with the patient in sitting and supine positions. All measurements were made at one visit with a standardized sequence. All mean pneumatonograph measurements were significantly higher than the corresponding applanation value. However, no significant difference was found between limbal and apical pneumatonograph values in the supine subject. Conversion values relating pneumatonograph measurements and applanation values have been derived and designated as Clinical Correlation Estimators. This allows prediction of Goldmann applanation values by extrapolation of limbal pneumatonograph measurements at a 95% confidence level. The method has potential use in the determination of intraocular pressure in the presence of corneal disease. PMID- 7369296 TI - Choroidal vascular changes in toxemia of pregnancy. AB - Twenty-seven patients with toxemia of pregnancy were examined during a postpartum period of two days to eight months. Five of these manifested abnormal photographic and angiographic findings including disk and retinal edema, retinal striae, deep retinal yellow-white focal lesions, choroidal nonfilling, leakage of dye from the optic disk and deep retinal lesions, and retinal pigment epithelial window defects. The location and configuration of the leakage correlated with the defects seen on color photography. The normal retinal, and predominantly abnormal choroidal vascular patterns provide evidence implicating choroidal vascular insufficiency as the primary basis for secondary retinal detachments seen in toxemia of pregnancy. PMID- 7369297 TI - Basal precorneal tear turnover in the human eye. AB - We studied 51 normal subjects with a simple method that permits measurement of the rate of fluorescein loss from the central precorneal tear film. In 15 (29%), no measurable dye remained 30 minutes after application of 1 microliter of a 10% solution of sodium fluorescein into the lower culde-sac. In 31 (61%) of the subjects, an exponential decay of the dye was observed between 15 and 30 minutes after application. In 5 (10%) of the subjects, a prolonged increase in dye concentration was observed, followed by a steady decrease that began 30 to 45 minutes after application. One eye of one subject had a steady increase in dye concentration for over an hour, and this eye was excluded from the analysis. The mean value for the tear elimination coefficient in all subjects analyzed was 15%/min. The logarithm of the tear elimination coefficient appeared to be normally distributed within the population sample. Analysis of the frequency distribution permitted an estimate that the 95% confidence limits for the tear elimination coefficient, as measured by this method, was 5 to 30%/min. No statistically significant correlations were found between tear elimination coefficient and sex, eye color, or contact lens use. PMID- 7369298 TI - Eyelid and orbital cavernous hemangioma associated with keratoconus. AB - A 38-year-old man had a 35-year history of a slowly progressive eyelid and orbital mass and keratoconus affecting his left eye. The mass was excised and found to be a large encapsulated cavernous hemangioma. We postulated a direct relationship between the development of keratoconus and the mechanical pressure exerted by the tumor on the globe. PMID- 7369299 TI - Congenital blepharoptosis, anisometropia, and amblyopia. AB - A review of the records of 65 patients who had surgery for congenital blepharoptosis of the upper eyelid during a three-year period revealed the preoperative presence of anisometropia, strabismus, or amblyopia in 19 patients. Postoperatively, ten of the 65 patients developed or increased their astigmatism in the operated eye. In four of these patients amblyopia attributed to this postoperative astigmatism developed. The results of our study suggest that blepharoptosis surgery done in the first few years of life may contribute to the development of astigmatism and amblyopia in some patients. PMID- 7369302 TI - Abnormalities of the pupil and visual-evoked potential in quinine amblyopia. AB - Total blindness with a transient tonic pupillary response, denervation supersensitivity, and abnormal visual-evoked potentials developed in a 54-year old man after the use of quinine sulfate for leg cramps. He later recovered normal visual acuity. A transient tonic pupillary response, denervation supersensitivity, and abnormal visual-evoked potentials in quinine toxicity, to our knowledge, have not been previously reported. PMID- 7369300 TI - Pars plana vitrectomy techniques for relief of epiretinal traction by membrane segmentation. AB - We used a technique for surgical management of fibrovascular membranes to relieve epiretinal tangential traction when present in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Sharp dissection with intraocular scissors was used to segment fibrovascular and cortical vitreous membranes together with cauterization of large vessels with intraocular bipolar diathermy. The objective of membrane segmentation was to relieve all epiretinal traction, thereby reducing retinal surface distortion and allowing the retina to flatten and reattach. Complete relief of traction prevented further late contraction of membranes and subsequent distortion and redetachment. PMID- 7369301 TI - Bilateral acute retinal necrosis. AB - A 20-year-old woman lost all useful vision over a 2 1/2-month period as a result of a necrotizing and occlusive vasculitis of the retina. Treatment with prednisone, immunosuppressants, and aspirin was unsuccessful. No systemic manifestations of the disease were found and no cause was discovered. Kodachromes and fluorescein angiograms showed the progression in one eye from normal to near total retinal necrosis. The process began with a mild venous dilation and peripheral arteritis that progressed into an obliterative vasculitis with abrupt vessel dilation, hemorrhages, and retinal swelling. This was followed by necrosis and sloughing of the retina into the vitreous. Vitreous contraction and necrotic retina produced unrepairable retinal detachments. PMID- 7369303 TI - Medulloblastoma causing a corticosteroid-responsive optic neuropathy. AB - A 25-year-old man had signs of optic nerve dysfunction. A diagnosis of optic neuritis was made and was supported by rapid resolution of signs and symptoms with use of corticosteroids. After initial negative radiologic investigations, his corticosteroid dosage was tapered, and the recurrence of his symptoms and signs prompted repeat computed tomographic scans. A suprasellar mass and a posterior-fossa mass were observed, and frontal craniotomy disclosed typical medulloblastoma, confirmed histologically. Although visual signs and symptoms in medulloblastoma have been reported secondary to optochiasmatic arachnoiditis and to papilledema, to the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case in which direct compression of the optic nerve has occurred as a result of extension of a posterior-fossa medulloblastoma. The favorable response of this compressive tumor to corticosteroids, stimulating an inflammatory optic neuritis, emphasizes the importance of reassessing any optic neuritis that follows an atypical course. PMID- 7369304 TI - Myasthenic sustained gaze fatigue. AB - Sustained gaze fatigue was found in two patients whose diplopia was the first manifestation of myasthenia gravis. Although ocular excursions initially appeared full, a slow drift toward the primary position occurred during sustained extreme gaze. This motility pattern signifies pathologic extraocular muscle fatigue and strongly implicates myoneural junction disease. When myasthenia gravis is suspected, the presence of sustained gaze fatigue provides a tentative clinical diagnosis to be confirmed by pharmacologic testing. PMID- 7369305 TI - Isolated oculomotor palsy after measles immunization. AB - A 17-month-old healthy boy had a rapid onset of right oculomotor nerve palsy, and spontaneous recovery after measles immunization. Results of computed tomography scan, skull x-ray, chest x-ray, intravenous pyelogram, and bone marrow examination were all normal. Serum antibody titers showed effective measles immunization. PMID- 7369308 TI - Diagnostic techniques in angle-closure glaucoma. PMID- 7369307 TI - Isosorbide and isorbide dinitrate. PMID- 7369306 TI - Ocular Aeromonas hydrophila. AB - Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from the eye swabs of four patients. Two were thought to have definite clinical infection; one had chronic conjunctivitis complicating the wearing of contact lenses, and the other had acute conjunctivitis associated with ectropion and lacrimal duct stenosis. Two patients had no clinical evidence of infection. Both of them had swabs taken at the time of surgery. One had a cataract extraction and the other had a lensectomy and vitrectomy for a penetrating injury. The outcome was satisfactory in the two patients in whom colonization occurred, and in the patient with acute conjunctivitis, all of whom received chloramphenicol with or without gentamicin. The fourth patient was not followed up. PMID- 7369309 TI - Lysozyme content of tears. PMID- 7369310 TI - Exfoliation syndrome. AB - We reviewed the records of 74 patients with exfoliation syndrome. Patients with exfoliation syndrome represented 12% of the current Glaucoma Clinic population. There were 40 unilateral and 34 bilateral cases. Thirteen percent of the patients who originally had unilateral exfoliation later developed exfoliation in the fellow eye. Forty percent of the affected eyes with exfoliation had appreciable cataracts. Evidence for bilateral glaucoma was present in only 22% of the patients with unilateral exfoliation (and ipsilateral glaucoma). The evidence suggests that the exfoliation syndrome is, in most cases, the cause of the glaucoma, and that this is generally a true secondary open-angle glaucoma. Trabecular pigmentation may be a prognostic factor relating to the occurrence of glaucoma. PMID- 7369311 TI - Acid phosphatase in eyes with pseudoexfoliation. AB - We studied the activity of acid phosphatase in the anterior segment of the eye with pseudoexfoliation histochemically and biochemically. Light and electron microscopic histochemistry revealed lead precipitates indicating acid phosphatase activity in pseudoexfoliative materials. Biochemical assay for acid phosphatase was significantly higher in the aqueous humor of eyes with pseudoexfoliation than in that of cataractous eyes without pseudoexfoliation. PMID- 7369312 TI - Ultrasonically accelerated resorption of vitreous membranes. AB - A noninvasive procedure was used to treat membranes within the vitreous with controlled exposure to focused high-intensity ultrasound in rabbit eyes. Membranes were created by injecting small quantities of platelet-rich plasma into the vitreous of the intact globe of anesthetized rabbits. The average time for untreated membranes (controls and shams) to be resorbed was 34 days, whereas the average time to total resorption of membranes treated with ultrasound was 21 days. This comparison showed that high-intensity ultrasound was effective in accelerating the resorption of this type of vitreous membrane. This ultrasound technique is totally noninvasive and can be used without damage to other ocular tissues. Although this animal model departs in some respects from human vitreous membranes, eventual clinical applications are indicated in selected cases where vitrectomy must be delayed or is contraindicated. Noninvasive disruption of vitreous membranes by therapeutic ultrasound offers great promise for reducing the visual limitations produced by such membranes, and eliminating the sequence of disease leading to permanent visual loss. PMID- 7369313 TI - Automated vitrectomy in eyes with vitreocorneal touch associated with corneal dysfunction. AB - Of the results evaluated in 17 patients who had vitrectomy for aphakic vitreocorneal touch associated with corneal edema, nine patients had satisfactory results. Factors associated with a favorable outcome were as follows: (1) early vitrectomy; (2) previtrectomy visual acuity better than 6/120 (20/400); (3) uncomplicated cataract operation and postoperative course, and (4) broken rather than intact hyaloid face. Postoperative cystoid macular edema contributed to decreased visual acuity in eight of 12 patients. PMID- 7369316 TI - Variable expressivity in autosomal dominant aniridia by clinical, electrophysiologic, and angiographic criteria. AB - Of 39 members in a family with autosomal dominant aniridia with variable expressivity, 16 members, representing 50% (15 out of 30) of those at risk, were affected. Of these, ten of 16 (63%) had visual acuity of 6/12 (20/40) or better in at least one eye, and six of 16 (37%) had visual acuity between 6/15 (20/50) and 6/60 (20/200) in at least one eye. Affected patients had nystagmus (12, 75%), cataracts (nine, 56%), strabismus (15, 94%), amblyopia (six, 37%), corneal pannus (one, 6%) glaucoma (one, 6%), macular hypoplasia (five, 31%), and optic nerve hypoplasia (one, 6%). The good visual acuity in this family indicates that absence of iris tissue is not responsible for the decreased visual acuity usually associated with aniridia. The decreased visual acuity correlates instead with a decreased macular reflex and with a decreased electroretinogram amplitude. Affected family members have abnormal persistence of vessels in the macular region angiographically, and when sufficient iris tissue is present to be studied angiographically, there are abnormal vascular loops and leakage of dye at the pupillary border. PMID- 7369314 TI - Interactions of eyelids and tears in corneal wetting and the dynamics of the normal human eyeblink. AB - We used a high-speed camera system to study in detail the eyelid motion dynamics of the human eyeblink. Films were made from a hidden location through a one-way mirror. In this manner, normal, unforced blinks were recorded. The descent of the upper eyelid reached its maximum speed at about the time that it crossed the visual axis, generally in the range of 17 to 20 cm/sec, but occasionally reaching a speed of over 40 cm/sec. The motion of the lower eyelid was mostly horizontal, in a nasally directed movement, with a total displacement in the range of 20 to 5 min. A distinction must be made between normal, unforced blinks, and voluntary, forced eyelid motion. In a normal blink, no appreciable upward rotation of the globe is observed. A forced blink or a restraint of motion of the upper eyelid results in a significant demonstration of Bell's movement. The globe moves posteriorly up to 1 to 6 mm as the upper eyelid descends, probably caused by eyelid pressure during the closing phase of the blink. PMID- 7369317 TI - Early identification of retinal angiomas in a large kindred von Hippel-Lindau disease. AB - We studied prospectively a large kindred afflicted with von Hippel-Lindau disease. Of 111 members examined ophthalmoscopically, 14 definite retinal angiomas were found and three lesions were thought to be angiomas. The lesions found could be divided into the following three groups: (1) classic angiomas, (2) atypical angiomas, and (3) lesions indicative of early angiomas. A correlation between increasing age, systemic evidence of disease, and size and appearance of angiomas was found. PMID- 7369315 TI - Congenital horizontal tarsal kink. AB - A 3-week-old male infant had an extreme form of entropion caused by a congenital horizontal tarsal kink, which led to corneal ulceration and visual impairment. The combination of absence of the upper eyelid fold, irritability, and blepharospasm in the absence of congenital blepharoptosis is a sign that may facilitate early recognition of this problem. PMID- 7369318 TI - The clinical and morphologic characteristics of Kaposi's sarcomas of the conjunctiva. AB - A 77-year-old woman with known Kaposi's sarcoma of one year's duration developed nodular lesions of her right palpebral conjunctiva. Biopsy confirmed sarcomatous involvement and local resection was performed. Despite leaving residual tumor, there was complete regression of the eyelid tumor three years after the resection. Electron microscopic studies characterize this neoplasm as a proliferation of primitive endothelial cells and pericytes, the two cell lines that compose a capillary wall. PMID- 7369319 TI - Pupillary dilatation with single eyedrop mydriatic combinations. AB - We studied the mydiatic effect of three solutions containing a combination of two mydriatic drugs in 80 adult patients. The solutions tested were cyclopentolate HCl 0.5% with phenylephrine 2.5%, tropicamide 0.5% with phenylephrine 2.5%, and tropicamide 1.0% with phenylephrine 2.5%. We evaluated the effect of prior instillation of proparacaine 0.5% eyedrops. All three mydriatic combination solutions evaluated produced pupillary dilatation of about 7 mm within 60 minutes. Additional pupillary dilatation of 1 mm occurred when proparacaine was instilled before the mydriatic combination eyedrop. Mydriasis was resistant to bright light during indirect ophthalmoscopy in all patients. Pupils of younger patients dilated better than those of older patients, but sex and iris color were factors in the amount of pupillary dilatation obtained. Wide and sustained pupillary dilatation can be obtained for satisfactory indirect ophthalmoscopy by the instillation of one drop of proparacaine solution followed by a single drop of any of the three mydriatic combination solutions evaluated. By eliminating the need for multiple instillations of drugs, the use of a single eyedrop mydriatic combination is convenient in terms of time saved and also lessens the change of systemic drug toxicity. PMID- 7369320 TI - Chloral hydrate sedation as a substitute for examination under anesthesia in pediatric ophthalmology. AB - We examined more than 300 children as outpatients with orally administered chloral hydrate sedation during the past three years; 175 of them have been examined in the last year. Without chloral hydrate sedation, examination under anesthesia would have been necessary or the results would have been less than satisfactory. Orally administered chloral hydrate has a wide margin of safety and is most appropriate for office or clinic use. It may also allow accurate measurement of the intraocular pressure in infantile glaucoma. PMID- 7369321 TI - Primary choroidal and cutaneous melanomas occurring in a patient with the B-K mole syndrome phenotype. AB - A patient with malignant melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body had a primary cutaneous melanoma and the B-K mole syndrome phenotype. Because of this newly described association, all patients with the B-K mole syndrome (phenotype) should have a complete ocular examination to discover if there is any evidence of ocular melanoma. Likewise, all patients with ocular melanoma should have a thorough dermatologic examination to determine evidence of cutaneous melanoma and the B-K mole syndrome (phenotype). PMID- 7369322 TI - Recurrent orbital malignant melanoma after the evisceration of an unsuspected choroidal melanoma. AB - Fifteen years ago a 47-year-old man underwent an evisceration for an unsuspected choroidal melanoma. A bulky recurrence required exenteration. The patient is currently alive and has no evidence of metastatic disease. PMID- 7369323 TI - Prognostic significance of optic disk cupping in ocular hypertensive patients. AB - The stereoscopic photographs of 102 patients with increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and normal visual fields were graded for cup:disk ratio. All patients were followed up for a five-year period, during which time 27 patients developed glaucomatous visual field loss and 75 patients did not. The patients who subsequently developed glaucomatous visual field loss had significantly larger cup:disk ratios than did the patients who did not develop glaucomatous visual field loss. Patients with a mean IOP greater than or equal to 28 mm Hg and a vertical contour cup:disk ratio greater than or equal to 0.6 had a 100% incidence of the development of glaucomatous visual field loss as compared to a 2% incidence in those with a mean IOP less than 28 mm Hg and a vertical cup:disk ratio less than 0.6. Disk:cup asymmetry and progressive increase in the area of the disk occupied by the cup was more common in the group that developed glaucomatous visual field loss. PMID- 7369325 TI - Onset of the exfoliation syndrome after intracapsular lens extraction. AB - Two patients who had previously been operated on for cataract and had been carefully observed for evidence of the exfoliation (or pseudoexfoliation) syndrome had continuing formation of exfoliative material on the anterior surface of the hyaloid and the pupil border several years later. PMID- 7369324 TI - Exercise-induced increase of intraocular pressure in the pigmentary dispersion syndrome. AB - A 32-year-old man with pigmentary dispersion syndrome had blurred vision and halos after strenuous exercise, associated with a release of pigment into the anterior chamber and increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Additionally, he had typical symptoms after emotional stress or exposure to dim illumination, and had a high IOP without angle closure during a darkroom provocative test. The exercise induced symptoms and the increase of IOP were prevented by the use of pilocarpine 0.5% drops immediately before exercise. PMID- 7369326 TI - Laser radiation absorbed by the retinal pigment epithelium. PMID- 7369327 TI - Inexpensive support for anterior segment photography. PMID- 7369328 TI - Three cases of dendritic herpetic ulcerations of the conjunctiva. PMID- 7369329 TI - Blepharitis and secondary conjunctivitis. PMID- 7369331 TI - Components of racial variation in finger ridge-counts. AB - Principal components analysis was used to evaluate finger ridge-count variability as an indicator of genetic relationships between populations. The analysis was carried out on American White, American Black and African Black samples, each including both sexes. Each individual is represented as a vecotr of 20 counts, a radial and an ulnar count for each digit. No assumptions were made prior to analysis concerning the number of meaningful components, and all were examined sequentially. The first five eigenvectors extracted from the within-groups correlation matrix have loadings very similar to those previously described by Roberts and Coope ('75). However, it is the component scores derived from the sixth eigenvector which show the most marked variation, accounting for 45% or more of the D2 in all Black-White comparisons. A number of other components also show significant intergroup heterogeneity, but they often do not accord with what is known of the genetic relationships between the populations. Apparently a large amount of ridge-count variation is not genetically meaningful, at least as far as these populations are concerned. PMID- 7369330 TI - Restriction and persistence of polymorphisms of HLA and other blood genetic traits in the Parakana Indians of Brazil. AB - Results concerning HLA types and 22 other blood genetic systems are reported for the Parakana Indians of northern Brazil, a tribe that is notable for the light color and pilosity of some of its members. No clear evidence of Caucasoid admixture was found, but the Parakana show unusual frequencies in the EsD1, PGM1(1) Gc2, CpB, Fya, Dia, and LM genetic markers. In addition, the very rare Rh allele ry is present, as well as what seems to be a new PGM2 variant. There is very limited heterogeneity in the HLA system. All these distinctive features may have arisen through a combination of founder effects and genetic drift. However, low FIS values, as well as higher mean ages in heterozygous as compared to homozygous persons, suggest that an heterotic effect is counteracting these dispersive forces. PMID- 7369332 TI - Skin reflectance relationships with temperature and skinfolds. AB - Skin reflectance measurements were taken with six filters at a site on the medial aspect of the upper arm (underarm) prior to and following topical application of a cold compress. Skinfolds were measured at the underarm and triceps sites. The experiment was designed to test for effects of skin surface temperature and subcutaneous fat variations on skin color as determined by reflectometry. Topical cold-induced erythema of the skin produced marked declines in % reflectance at the shorter visible wavelengths over the range of violet, blue, and green, and only slight declines in % reflectance at the longer visible wavelengths (red range). This is consistent with the observation from past work that there is little hemoglobin absorptance at the red end of the visible spectrum. A positive relationship between the change in % reflectance following topical cold application and underarm skinfold was recorded. Hence, the thickeness of fat deposits may contribute to variation in skin reflectance. Since only large temperature differences influenced skin reflectance measurements, the need is not great for fieldworkers to control for surface temperature at the underarm site during skin reflectance survey. PMID- 7369333 TI - Bilateral asymmetry in bone measurements of the hand and lateral hand dominance. AB - Two hundred thirty-five (235) normal male participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study were classified as right handed, left handed, and ambidextrous on the basis of their grip-strength performance. Their left and right hands were also radiographed and the measurements of the second metacarpal bones were evaluated on the basis of hand dominance. The results indicated that, as a rule, the right hand measurements are higher than those of the left hand, regardless of hand dominance. The bilateral differences in total width, length, total area and cortical area are significant among the right hand dominant and nonsignificant among the left hand dominant. Regardless of hand dominance the bilateral differences in medullary width are nonsignificant. These results suggest an inherent tendency of the right second metacarpal to have more bone than the left regardless of hand dominance. Differential stress due to hand dominance will increase the bilateral difference in the right handed and reduce it in the left handed. PMID- 7369334 TI - The dermatoglyphics of a Toronto sample of children with XXY, XXYY, and XXX aneuploidies. AB - Dermatoglyphic analyses were carried out on a sample of children with known sex chromosomal aneuploidies (25 XXY, 10 XXX, 1 XXYY). Digital ridge counts and pattern types were determined for each individual. Palm prints and sole patterns were also examined. The results of our study were compared with data from previous studies of sex chromosomal aneuploidies. Out results for the XXY males agree with the findings from other studies with respect to total ridge counts and plantar dermatoglyphics, but not for digital pattern frequencies. Our one example of an XXYY male showed hypothenar patterns similar to those found for this syndrome by other researchers, but neither the digital pattern types nor the unexpectedly high total ridge count conforms to the findings from other studies. Our sample of XXX females falls within the normal XX female range of variation with respect to hypothenar patterns and total ridge count; plantar features show a higher incidence of patterns than previously reported. PMID- 7369335 TI - The inheritance of digital dermatoglyphic patterns in 54 American Caucasian families. AB - We searched for single gene effects in determining digital patterns and compared with the evidence for monogenic determination in Israelis (Slatis et al., '76). Our subjects were 108 parents from central Louisiana and 123 of their offspring; there were 127 females and 104 males ranging in age from eight to 66 years. Arches on the thumb--Among 11 subjects, two were bilateral, and three pairs were related, two as parent-child and one as sib-sib; the findings support the concept of an incompletely penetrant dominant gene. Radial loops on the thumb--three occurred unilaterally in unrelated subjects. Ulnar loops (U) and whorls (W) on the thumb--Phenotype frequency was 104 UU, 65 UW, 47 WW, 15 other. The proportion of UU offspring was highest with both UU parents and diminished as the parents had increasingly more W, supporting the single locus hypothesis. Arches (A) on the fingers--71 A, 160 non-A showed a greater A frequency than in the Israelis. The proportion of A offspring was highest with both A parents and diminished as the parents became non-A. Sequence WWUWW--Among nine subjects, one was bilateral, two left, and six right; two pairs related as parent-child and sib-sib. Sequence WUUWW--Among five subjects, one was bilateral, and three were related as parent offspring. Radial loops on index fingers--Frequency of 32% was greater than in the Israelis. Middle fingers--86% were U, 73% being bilateral. Radial loops on ring and little fingers--Among eight unilateral subjects, none was related. Ulnar loops and whorls on ring fingers--Proportion of UU offspring was greatest with both UU parents and diminished as parents became WW. We conclude that the Louisianians showed evidence for single gene effects similar to that of the Israelis. PMID- 7369336 TI - Sexual dimorphism in body composition changes during the pubertal period: as shown by French-Canadian children. AB - Size and velocity growth curves of stature to represent skeletal growth, lean arm circumference to represent muscle growth, and the sum of three skinfolds to represent fat tissue changes, are presented for a longitudinal study of Montreal school-age chidren. Both a chronological age scale, and one relative to the individual ages of peak growth velocity in stature, are used. Intercorrelations between the various components are tabulated for age groups based on the two scales. The three skinfolds are also analyzed separately. The results show that such simple anthropometric measures can be usefully taken to represent the growth of different body components. Longitudinal analysis reveals that, whereas the relationship of muscular to statural growth in boys is purely maturational, it is not so for girls, and that the different skinfolds show complex sexual differences in growth during the pubertal period. PMID- 7369338 TI - Sex differences in the ilia of a known sex and age sample of fetal and infant skeletons. AB - Ilia from a known sex, race, and age sample of fetal and infant skeletons from the collections of the Smithsonian Institution were evaluated for six metric and one nonmetric characters. Three indices calculated from the measurements were analyzed. The nonmetric trait was examined for fit with known sex. The three indices failed to show significant sex differences. The nonmetric trait, Auricular Surface Elevation, proved dependable (91% accurate) for the male Fetal and Six Month age groups. PMID- 7369337 TI - Natural variation and differential diagnosis of skeletal changes in tuberculosis. AB - Twenty-six documented cases (17 blacks, 9 whites) of skeletal tuberculosis from the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, were analyzed for lesion variability and patterns of multiple site involvement. In addition, several documented cases of pathologic conditions (osteomyelitis, vertebral fractures, and malignant bone tumors) that resemble skeletal tuberculosis were photographed and described for use in differential diagnosis. The range of variation of tuberculous lesions was found to be considerable. Thirty-eight percent (10/26) of the cases display skeletal lesions in two or more regions concomitantly. The average number of vertebrae affected, as well as the incidence of multiple bone involvement, were found to be higher in blacks. Certain combinations of skeletal lesions (e.g., spine-rib, spine-rib-sternum, and spine-hip) may be useful in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in dry bone material. PMID- 7369340 TI - Perianal and anal condyloma acuminata. PMID- 7369339 TI - Endometriosis of Meckel's diverticulum associated with intestinal obstruction--a case report. PMID- 7369341 TI - Congenital H-type fistulae of the anorectal region. PMID- 7369342 TI - Colo-ileo proctoplasty--an old concept revisited. PMID- 7369343 TI - The importance of exploration of traumatic retroperitoneal hemorrhage. PMID- 7369344 TI - Anticipatory analgesia for pain following hemorrhoidectomy. PMID- 7369346 TI - Subcutaneous drainage and wound infection after appendectomy. A retrospective study. PMID- 7369345 TI - Evaluation of routine diagnostic tests for follow-up of patients with colorectal cancer. PMID- 7369347 TI - Permeability of dog erythrocytes to lipophilic molecules: solubility and volume effects. PMID- 7369348 TI - Contractile properties of transplanted extensor digitorum longus muscles of cats. AB - Following autologous transplantation of whole extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of cats into the EDL site, we investigated the degree and time course of restoration of contractile properties of autografts toward control values. Isometric and isotonic contractile properties of 66 autografted EDL muscles were measured in situ from 40 to 440 days following transplantation. The control value for maximum tetanus tension (P0) was 27 N. The mean P0 for the autografts increased from 2% of control 40 days after transplantation to 26% 440 days after transplantation. When P0 was normalized per square centimeter of muscle fiber cross-sectional area, no significant difference was observed between the P0 of autografts (28 N/cm2) and controls. Compared to controls, autografts 40-179 days following transplantation had slower time to peak twitch tensions, half relaxation times, and maximum velocities of shortening and smaller twitch-tetanus tension ratios. Between 180 and 440 days after transplantation, values for autografts approached control values. Autografts fatigued more than twice as rapidly as controls. PMID- 7369349 TI - Effect of membrane potential on Na+-dependent sugar transport by ATP-depleted intestinal cells. AB - The role of the membrane potential as a component of the thermodynamic driving force and as a determinant of kinetic parameters of Na+-dependent sugar transport was investigated using ATP-depleted isolated chicken intestinal cells. Inside negative membrane potentials were established by incubating K+-loaded rotenone inhibited cells with valinomycin in a low K+ medium. Overshoots of 3-O methylglucose (3-OMG) accumulation as high as 10-fold were observed in the presence of valinomycin even in the absence of a Na+ chemical gradient. The magnitude of overshoot was diminished by decreasing the magnitude of the imposed K+ gradient and abolished altogether when nigericin was also included. An Eadie Hofstee plot of initial flux data showed that the imposed membrane potential increases the Vmax of transport in the absence of a chemical gradient for Na+ from 3 to 12 nmol 3-OMG . mg protein-1 . min-1. The KT is not significantly altered. Similar kinetic results were obtained when a membrane potential as well as a Na+ gradient were imposed. These results suggest that the membrane potential is a more important contributor to alterations in the kinetics of transport than the Na+ chemical potential. PMID- 7369351 TI - Placental transfer of steroids: effect of binding to serum albumin and to placenta. AB - The transfer rates and placental retention of a series of steroids were measured using an in vitro perfusion system of an isolated cotyledon of human placenta. The steroids were added to the maternal inflow and rates of appearance in maternal and fetal outflows were measured, from which data were calculated the transfer rate and placental retention. With a low concentration of albumin (0.01 g/dl) in the maternal and fetal perfusates, transfer rates of diethylstilbestrol and ethynylestradiol were initially low, with considerable retention of the steroids within the placenta. Transfer rates increased with duration of perfusion. With high concentrations of albumin (1 g/dl), placental retention was greatly reduced and transfer rates very rapidly reached high levels. Albumin in the fetal circulation was the effective factor in increasing transfer rate; maternal albumin reduced it. The results with estrone and progesterone were qualitatively similar but not as striking, posssibly because of the large endogenous concentrations of these two hormones. Placental retention of dexamethasone, a more polar steroid that does not bind to placenta and binds poorly to albumin, was low and there was little difference between transfer from low- and high-protein perfusates. PMID- 7369350 TI - Gap junction formation in myometrium: control by estrogens, progesterone, and prostaglandins. PMID- 7369352 TI - Arginine vasopressin and prolactin after hemorrhage in the fetal lamb. AB - Chronically prepared fetal lambs had basal plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels of 1.6 +/- 0.23 pg/ml throughout the final third of gestation. Fetal AVP levels measured by radioimmunoassay were increased significantly to 5.8 +/- 0.92, 9.95 +/- 0.95, and 10.0 +/- 5 pg/ml in association with surgical stress, acute exteriorization, and acidosis or hypoxia, respectively. At 59-65 days gestation three lamb fetuses had a 50-fold increase in plasma AVP levels after acute exteriorization and hemorrhage indicating that the 0.4 gestation lamb fetus is capable of secreting pituitary AVP stores after intravascular volume change, temperature stress, and tactile stimulation. In six chronically catheterized third trimester fetuses, a 10-min, 20% hemorrhage caused a significant fall in fetal blood pressure, heart rate, and hematocrit. Plasma AVP increased significantly to 24.3 +/- 5.8 ng/ml without change in arterial blood gases or pH. Basal plasma prolactin concentration of 9.0 +/- 2.0 ng/ml was unchanged after hemorrhage in five fetuses. PMID- 7369354 TI - Influence of low-energy diets on whole-body protein turnover in obese subjects. AB - Rates of whole-body protein synthesis and breakdown in obese subjects have been measured by three methods: constant intravenous infusion of [1-14C]leucine, repeated oral doses of [15N]glycine, and a single oral dose of [15N]glycine. The three techniques gave similar rates of synthesis and breakdown when the subjects received a normal diet containing 8.0 MJ and 70 g protein. After 3 wk on a low energy diet (2.1 MJ), repeat measurements were made. When the low-energy diet contained protein (50 g), rates of protein synthesis and breakdown were little different from those with the normal diet. When the low-energy diet contained no protein, there was a 40% fall in whole-body protein synthesis and a smaller fall in breakdown. Excretion of 3-methylhistidine in the urine did not change with either low-energy diet. We conclude that the decrease in dietary energy from 8.0 to 2.1 MJ did not influence protein turnover, but that dietary protein was necessary if rates of whole-body protein synthesis and breakdown were to be maintained. PMID- 7369353 TI - Sodium balance after adrenal enucleation. AB - To better define the relationship between adrenal enucleation (AE), sodium retention and adrenal regeneration hypertension (ARH), we measured daily sodium balance in rats after bilateral adrenal enucleation with (AEN) and without uninephrectomy (AE), and before and after development of ARH, along with the appropriate control groups. We found that both AE and AEN groups retained sodium during 7 days after surgery; AE 1.16 +/- 0.24 and AEN 1.32 +/- 0.33 meq/100 g body wt. Sham-operated, uninephrectomized rats and AE rats treated with spironolactone were in zero sodium balance. In the AEN rats after the development of ARH (BP greater than 150 Torr), zero sodium balance was also noted. Only AEN rats developed hypertension while sham-operated, uninephrectomized rats and AE rats with both kidneys remained normotensive for 28 wk. In summary, we have demonstrated that for 1 wk after AE, rats are in positive sodium balance and this is reversed by spironolactone but not by uninephrectomy. PMID- 7369355 TI - Evidence for a sexual variation in production of a hepatic erythropoietic factor by hepatectomized rats. AB - Erythropoietin (Ep) is a glycoprotein hormone that is responsible for mammalian red blood cell production. Adult rat liver regenerating 48-72 h after hepatectomy (hepx) produces elevated levels of Ep in response to hypoxia when compared to sham-operated, anephric hypoxic controls. A factor, termed hepatopoietin (Hp), found in the serum of hepx rats, is capable of stimulating hepatic Ep production when administered to normal rats 18 h prior to hypoxic exposure. Although the hepatic vein is the most potent source of this factor, Hp can also be demonstrated in the systemic arterial circulation. Bilateral nephrectomy (nephrx) of the donor hepx animal 24 h prior to bleeding abolishes this variation, and highest Ep levels are noted when serum from a hepx and nephrx rat is administered to animals immediatley after nephrx and 18 h before hypoxic exposure. Serum derived from hepx male rats displays a greater ability to evoke hepatic Ep production in normal recipients than serum from similarly treated female rats. Regardless of the sex of the hepx donor, Ep elaboration after hypoxia is highest in male recipients. The results indicate that there is a sexual variation in the production of Hp as well as Ep. PMID- 7369356 TI - Development of obesity in Zucker obese (fafa) rat in absence of hyperphagia. AB - The free-feeding, genetically obese rat is hyperphagic, hyperinsulinemic, and hypertriglyceridemic and has increased fat cell size and number compared to its lean littermate. These experiments demonstrate that, when fafa rats are prevented from expressing hyperphagia throughout life, the complete obese "syndrome" still develops. Furthermore, life-long food restriction does not prevent increased lipoprotein lipase in the fafa rat. The data support the concept that a peripheral metabolic adaptation, probably in lipid metabolism, results in preferential shunting of dietary substrate in the restricted obese rats to adipose tissue with concomitant decreases in other tissues. PMID- 7369357 TI - Model to study kinetics of functional binding of hCG to Leydig cells. PMID- 7369358 TI - Renal handling of phenol red. IV. Tubular localization in rabbit and rat kidney in vivo. AB - In the rabbit kidney accumulation of phenol red in cortex tissue is directly related to phenol red excretion. In histological preparations of rabbit cortex the major part of phenol red is localized to the pars recta of proximal tubules at low plasma concentrations of dye. The extra uptake of dye by the pars recta is abolished by administration of a high dose of probenecid and also by high plasma dye concentrations, when dye secretion is low relative to tubular reabsorption. Tissue accumulation of phenol red in the rat exhibits features similar to those in the rabbit. However, extra dye uptake in the pars recta is maintained after administration of probenecid, and disappears after intravenous injection of phenol red during ureteral occlusion to impede access of dye from tubule fluid to the luminal membrane. It is concluded that in the rabbit phenol red uptake by the pars recta probably is due to tubular secretion across the peritubular membrane, whereas in the rat extra uptake of dye by this segment is consistent with uptake at the luminal cell membrane. PMID- 7369359 TI - Role of glucocorticoids and aldosterone in maintenance of colonic cation transport. AB - Adrenalectomized rats were maintained on physiologic replacement doses of aldosterone or dexamethasone for 24 h after adrenalectomy. Net cation movement and transmural potential difference were determined during in vivo perfusion of the colon. Adrenalectomy without replacement steroids resulted in marked reduction of sodium and water absorption, potassium secretion, and transmural potential difference (PD). Aldosterone 10 microgram . 100 g body wt-1 . 24 h-1 significantly increased net potassium secretion above adrenalectomized levels but did not restore transport to control levels. Sodium and water absorption and transmural PD were not affected. Aldosterone 30 microgram . 100 g body wt-1 . 24 h-1 increased but did not restore net movement of sodium or potassium to control levels. In contrast to aldosterone, physiologic amounts of dexamethasone, 10 microgram . 100 g body wt-1 . 24 h-1, preserved normal electrolyte movement and electrical properties in adrenalectomized rats. In additional experiments the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone was administered for 3 days to rats with intact adrenal function. Net sodium absorption fell only 22% below control with insigificant decreases in potassium secretion and transmural PD. These data suggest that glucocorticoid hormones exert regulatory control of basal colonic fluid and electrolyte function. PMID- 7369360 TI - Intraluminal and contraluminal magnesium on magnesium and calcium transfer in the rat nephron. AB - Magnesium and calcium transport was studied in the superficial proximal tubule, loop of Henle, and superficial distal tubule of the rat by in vivo microperfusion. Magnesium chloride was used to vary plasma and perfusate magnesium concentration. Perfusion with magnesium-free Ringer solution resulted in little magnesium entry into the tubule lumen in either normomagnesemic or hypermagnesemic rats. Magnesium concentration increased with water abstraction along the perfused proximal tubule whether markedly above or below plasma concentrations. Absolute proximal magnesium reabsorption increased with perfusate concentration; however, fractional magnesium and calcium reabsorption decreased in proportion to net sodium reabsorption with elevated extracellular magnesium. Magnesium absorption increased in the loop of Henle proportional to luminal magnesium concentration. Sodium and calcium reabsorption was not affected. Acute elevation of plasma magnesium, however, significantly depressed absolute magnesium reabsorption to a greater degree than calcium whereas sodium was unchanged. The effects of extracellular magnesium onloop reabsorption were reflected in the final urine. Reabsorption of sodium, calcium, and magnesium in the perfused distal tubule was concentration-dependent and not altered by luminal or extracellular magnesium concentration. PMID- 7369361 TI - Acute acidosis and renal arteriovenous differences of glutamine in normal and adrenalectomized rats. PMID- 7369362 TI - Renal perfusion and intratubular pressure during ureteral occlusion in the rat. AB - To define the interrelationship between changes in total renal blood flow (TRBF) and proximal tubular hydrostatic pressure (PTP), rats were studied 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after bilateral ureteral occlusion (BUO). In control animals, a peak rise in both TRBF (3.52 +/- 0.26 ml . min-1 . 100 g body wt-1 . kidney-1) and PTP (28.6 +/- 1.3 mmHg) occurred 3 h after BUO. At each subsequent time interval, both TRBF and PTP fell, so that by 24 h after BUO, TRBF was 1.53 +/- 0.34 and PTP was 16.5 +/- 0.6, while in sham-operated rats the values were 2.52 +/- 0.22 ml . min-1 . g body wt-1 . kidney-1 and 12.8 +/- 0.2 mmHg, respectively. In animals treated with indomethacin (10 mg/kg) at the time of BUO, the alterations in both TRBF and PTP were completely ameliorated. At 3 h, TRBF was 1.8 +/- 0.32 ml . min-1 . 100 g body wt-1 . kidney-1 and PTP was 15.3 +/- 1.0 mmHg. TRBF and PTP remained essentially unchanged at each subsequent time period. These data indicate that 1) alterations in TRBF and PTP follow a similar and parallel pattern during BUO; 2) the pattern of changes in TRBF and PTP can be eliminated by treatment with indomethacin; and 3) renal hemodynamics appear to be the dominant factor in producing these changes during the first 12 h after BUO, whereas a sustained increase in tubular hydrostatic pressure may play a primary role in decreasing TRBF 12-24 h after ureteral occlusion. PMID- 7369363 TI - Harmaline inhibition of Na-dependent transport in renal microvillus membrane vesicles. AB - The effects of the hallucinogen harmaline on D-glucose, L-alanine, and Na+ transport were studied in microvillus membrane vesicles isolated from the rabbit renal cortex. Harmaline had no effect on glucose transport in the absence of Na+, but reversibly inhibited sugar flux in the presence of NaCl. Inhibition of Na+ dependent glucose transport was inversely related to the Na+ concentrations. The hallucinogen competitively inhibited the Na+ activation of phlorizin binding to the membranes but did not inhibit phlorizin binding in the absence of Na+. Harmaline inhibited Na+-dependent alanine transport and, at higher drug concentrations, the amino acid flux in the absence of NaCl. Harmaline competitively inhibited the rate of Na+ uptake which, in the absence of glucose and alanine, is known to occur via Na+-H+ exchange. The hallucinogen trans inhibited the efflux of glucoe and Na+ from membrane vesicles preloaded with the solutes. These findings suggest that harmaline is a direct inhibitor of microvillus membrane transport processes and acts as a competitive inhibitor of Na+ transport sites. Harmaline may therefore be a useful investigative tool for studying mechanisms of Na+-coupled transport in the luminal membrane of the proximal tubular cell. PMID- 7369364 TI - Lactate absorption in Thamnophis proximal tubule: transport versus metabolism. AB - Proximal tubules from the kidney of Thamnophis (garter snake) were perfused in vitro and unidirectional fluxes of lactate measured using L(+)-[U-14C]lactate, (lactate concentration, 1 mM). The lumen-to-bath (absorptive) flux (Jlb lact) significantly exceeded the bath-to-lumen flux (backflux) (Jbl lact) in each of 12 tubules (seven distal proximal and five proximal proximal). The flux ratio (Jlb lact/Jbl lact) was approximately 3.00. At flow rates of 13-16 nl/min and lactate concentration of 1 mM the net flux was about 1.60 pmol . min-1 . mm-1 in both proximal proximal and distal proximal segments. Both fluxes were decreased by perfusion at 5 degrees C. To determin e the contribution of metabolism of lactate to its absorption, Jlb lact was measured at 25 degrees C in 10 distal proximal tubules during perfusion with [14C]lactate, lactate concentration, 1 mM, and with [methoxy-3H]inulin. In these experiments, the amount of 14C found in the bath was 93% of the amount of 14C absorbed from the lumen. Chromatography showed that all of the 14C found in the bath was [14C]lactate. These data establish that in Thamnophis proximal tubule lactate absorption occurs against an electro chemical gradient by transport of the intact lactate molecule without significant metabolism. PMID- 7369366 TI - Effects of changes in electrical potential difference on tubular potassium transport. AB - To assess directly the role of the transepithelial potential difference (PD) on potassium concentration differences across distal tubular epithelium, continuous and stationary microperfusion experiments were done in tubules voltage-clamped over a wide range of lumen-negative potentials. Potassium was measured either chemically or in situ by potassium-sensitive microelectrodes. Distal cell PD measurements show that most of the potential drop induced by luminal current injection occurred across the luminal cell membrane. Experiments were done in rats either on a control or on a high potassium diet and after amiloride administration. Luminal potassium was highly sensitive to imposed electrical potential changes, attainment of a new steady-state intraluminal potassium concentration was rapid (less than 1 s), and higher luminal potassium concentrations were observed in animals in which potassium secretion had been stimulated. Similar slopes of tubular fluid-to-plasma potassium ratios versus transepithelial potential differences were observed in all experiments. All slopes intersected, at zero PD, at a luminal tubular fluid-to-plasma concentration ratio in excess of unity, indicating the presence of an active component of potassium secretion. PMID- 7369365 TI - Renal nerves in the compensatory adaptation to ureteral occlusion. PMID- 7369367 TI - Role of the interstitial matrix during intestinal volume absorption. AB - The effects of net volume absorption rate (Jv,m) on intestinal interstitial fluid volume (VI), lymph flow (JL), and the excluded volume fraction for interstitial albumin (FE) were analyzed in an autoperfused cat ileum preparation. Tissue blood volume, extracellular space, and extracellular albumin (VA) were estimated using 51Cr-labeled red blood cells, 99mTc-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), and 125I-labeled human serum albumin, respectively. Nonabsorptive values of 27.8 ml/100 g, 18.2 ml/100 g, and 0.37 were acquired for VI, VA, and FE, respectively. Net volume absorption results in an increase in intestinal interstitial volume and lymph flow and decreases the degree of albumin exclusion in the interstitial matrix. The magnitude of the changes in interstitial volume, lymph flow, and excluded volume of albumin during net volume absorption are related to the rate of absorption. The increased matrix hydration during absorption serves to enchance vascular and lymphatic removal of absorbed volume. PMID- 7369370 TI - Effect of dietary components on gastrocolonic response. PMID- 7369368 TI - Mechanisms of electrolyte transport in rat ileum. AB - The short-circuit current (Isc), potential difference (PD), tissue conductance (Gt), and Na and Cl fluxes in the short-circuit state across rat ileum were studied in Ussing chambers using a variety of bathing solutions. In Ringer solution, Isc exceeded net Na absorption and net Cl secretion occurred. Addition of 10 mM glucose increased Isc, PD, Gt, and net Na absorption, which accounts for 70% of the increase in Isc. Removal of HCO3 from Ringer solution did not alter any parameters but increased net Cl secretion due to a decrease in mucosal-to serosal Cl flux. Reduction by 50% of the [Cl] in HCO3-free solution decreased the net Cl secretion to the level in Ringer solution and increased net Na absorption. Removal of Cl decreased Isc to the value of the net Na absorption and decreased the Na influx across the mucosal membrane by 39%. Isc and PD were near zero and net Cl absorption was observed in a Na-free solution. These results are consistent with the transport mechanism that consists of 1) an electrogenic Na absorptive process that accounts for the Isc, 2) a neutral NaCl-coupled secretory process, and 3) a system by which HCO3- secretion exchanges for Cl- absorption. PMID- 7369371 TI - Autoradiographic evidence for hepatic lobular concentration gradient of bile acid derivative. AB - Using an iodinated bile-acid analog with hepatic uptake and transport characteristics similar to conventional bile acids, the hepatic lobular gradient concept of Goresky was studied utilizing autoradiography. 125I-labeled cholylglycylhistamine (125I-CGH) was infused into the portal veins of male Sprague-Dawley rats and the livers were fixed for light microscopic autoradiography at 1 and 5 min after infusion. In two animals, sequential samples of bile were collected to assess the transport characteristics of 125I-CGH. By 1 min, virtually all (98%) of the injected 125I-CGH was taken up and retained by hepatocytes after perfusion fixation. Less than 15% of the label was lost during subsequent tissue processing. 125I-CGH appeared in bile within minutes, reaching maximum levels at 7 min. Quantitative autoradiography demonstrated that the first six to nine periportal hepatocytes were, by far, the most active (P less than 0.0005) in sequestering the bile-acid analog than were the remaining cells in the lobule. This study, therefore, provides the first autoradiographic evidence of a hepatic lobular concentration gradient for the uptake of a bile-acid analog. PMID- 7369369 TI - Effects of nutrients, endogenous secretions, and fasting on in vitro glucose uptake. AB - The effect of luminal nutrients, endogenous secretions, and metabolic balance on the initial velocity of glucose uptake was measured in everted rings of rat intestine. Animals were fed either by total parenteral nutrition (TPN), or into the midjejunum for 7 days, or fasted for 72 h. Luminal feeding resulted in higher midjejunal glucose uptake per milligram of protein, DNA, and centimeter gut length, when compared to fasting or TPN. Kinetic analysis revealed a higher "apparent" Vmax in the luminally fed group, whereas the "apparent" Km was similar in all groups. Diversion of the pancreaticobility secretions did not affect glucose uptake in luminally fed or TPN-fed animals. TPN-fed and fasted animals had similar glucose uptake. Luminal feeding did not have a remote effect on glucose uptake in intestine isolated from the nutrient stream. The results indicate that luminal nutrients maintain carrier-mediated glucose transport after direct contact with the mucosa. Overall metabolic balance and pancreaticobiliary secretions do not affect carrier-mediated glucose transport. The nutrient effect appears to involve an increased number of glucose carriers per cell without a change in carrier affinity for glucose. PMID- 7369375 TI - Effects of current flow on pacemaker activity of the isolated kitten sinoatrial node. AB - The dynamic behavior of the cardiac pacemaker in response to single or to periodically repeated perturbations was studied using kitten sinoatrial (SA) nodal strips mounted in a sucrose gap. Sustained stepwise applications of current across the gap produce lasting variations in pacemaker cycle length that depend on current magnitude and polarity, but not on the phase of the pacemaker period at the time of the input. Brief current pulses, whether hyperpolarizing or depolarizing, may abbreviate or prolong the immediately affected cycle depending on their timing. These changes result in phase shifts of the subsequent discharges, but they do not alter the pacemaker period permanently. The phasic effects of brief current pulses can be described by a phase response curve (PRC), which is a plot of the phase shift as a function of the position of the stimulus in the pacemaker cycle. PRCs were constructed for inputs of different polarity and several strengths and durations. The behavior of the sinus nodal pacemaker when interacting with period perturbing inputs, such as vagal stimulation or electrotonic depolarization, can be predicted on the basis of the phase response curve. PMID- 7369376 TI - Implication of renal perfusion pressure in stroke of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - To elucidate the significance of hypertension associated with cerebrovascular lesions (CVL), renal perfusion pressure (RPP) was controlled by aortic clips of two different sizes in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats kept under normal or salt-loaded conditions. Tail and femoral arterial pressures (RPPs) in the mildly and severely clamped animals were reduced in proportion to the severity of the clamping. In contrast, carotid pressures in both clamped groups were significantly higher than that in the controls. Proteinuria and hyperreninemia accompanied by arteriolar changes in the renal cortex were observed in the controls prior to the onset of CVL. The renal changes were inhibited by both types of clamping. The onset of CVL was delayed by the mild clamping in salt-loaded animals, but accelerated by the severe clamping in both the normal and salt-loaded animals. Renal cortical blood flow was decreased only by the severe clamping. The results suggest that reduction in RPP and/or renal ischemia, which seems to be due to the hypertensive arteriolar changes in the renal cortex, may be related to the pathogenesis of CVL in the stroke-prone rats with or without hyperreninemia. PMID- 7369373 TI - Carotid sinus control of pulsatile hemodynamics in halothane-anesthetized dogs. AB - The open-loop characteristics of the carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex control of pulsatile arterial pressure-flow relations were studied in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Pressures and flows were measured in the ascending aorta, the celiac, mesenteric, renal, and iliac arteries and were used to compute values of regional vascular impedance and hydraulic power. The carotid sinuses were bilaterally isolated and perfused under conditions of controlled mean pressure with a constant sinusoidal component. Measurements were made with the vagi intact and after bilateral vagotomy. Maximum values of open-loop gain averaged -0.78 +/- 0.08 before and -1.42 +/- 0.20 after vagotomy. Vagotomy produced significant increases in the variation of all hemodynamic variables with carotid sinus pressure that were nonuniformly affected in the various regional vascular beds. Aortic and regional vascular impedance showed significant variations with carotid sinus pressure that were augmented by vagotomy. Aortic impedance exhibited a minimum at the normal set point. These results indicate that a) carotid sinus baroreflexes are well preserved with halothane anesthesia, b) thoracic baroreceptor-mediated reflexes exert significant hemodynamic effects on systemic hemodynamics around normal set point values of arterial pressure, c) systemic baroreceptors exert control over large as well as small vessel properties, and d) the baroreceptor-mediated reflexes produce significant influences on hydraulic power and its components. PMID- 7369372 TI - Alterations in renal vascular resistance and reactivity in spontaneous hypertension of rats. AB - Vascular resistance and reactivity were investigated in isolated, constant flow perfused kidneys of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and age- and sex-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto control rats (WKY rats). Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats were studied at 4 wk, 2 mo, and 4 mo of age representing different stages of development of hypertension. Resistance in maximally vasodilated vascular beds was greater and the pressure-flow relationship was significantly shifted to the left in kidneys of SHRSP as compared to WKY rats. Responses to norepinephrine, vasopressin, serotonin, and angiotensin II were enhanced in the renal vascular bed of SHRSP. Dose-response curves were shifted to the left, had steeper slopes, decreased thresholds, and increased maximal responses. With longer duration of hypertension, resistance increased, the slopes of the dose-response curves were steeper, and maximum responses greater. The higher resistance and enhanced reactivity in the renal vasculature of SHRSP, already demonstrable in the prehypertensive stage appear to be due to primary structural and functional alterations of the resistance vessels. PMID- 7369377 TI - alpha-Stimulation protects exercise increment in skeletal muscle oxygen consumption. AB - Oxygen consumption (VO2) in an isolated, autoperfused, statically exercising canine gracilis muscle (2.5% P0) was studied in low blood flow (Q) states induced by constant norepinephrine (NE) infusion and by mechanical occlusion (MO). Q and VO2 were evaluated at rest (Qc and VO2c), after 5 min of exercise (Qe and VO2e) and after 5 more min of exercise with either NE or MO (Qt and VO2t). Data were normalized and plotted as the VO2e-VO2t)/(VO2c-VO2e) vs. (Qe-Qt)/(Qc-Qe) and equations of the lines for NE (y = 0.090x + 0.048) and for MO (y = 0.488x + 0.070) were determined. The slopes of the lines, tested by analysis of covariance, were significantly different (P less than 0.005). These data indicate that when NE reduced Q during exercise, the exercise induced in VO2 was protected to a greater degree than when MO reduced Q under similar conditions. To determine if the effect of NE on VO2 was secondary to a beta-adrenergic-receptor-mediated of skeletal muscle metabolic processes, the experiments were repeated in the presence of beta-blockade with propranolol. In the presence of beta-blockade, the effects of NE on skeletal muscle VO2 were unchanged. It is therefore hypothesized that the mechanism of this effect of NE may be an increase in the efficiency of oxygen extraction resulting from a redistribution of blood flow to more active muscle fiber regions. PMID- 7369378 TI - Transient tension responses of heart muscle in Ba2+ contracture to step length changes. AB - To characterize mechanical properties of activated heart muscle, kitten papillary muscles in Ba2+ contracture were stretched or released stepwise, and the transient tension responses were analyzed. Various amplitudes of step length change (0.1-1.0% of Lmax) were tested from different initial lengths and at different temperatures. The tension response to either stretch or release showed four different phases, which were nearly symmetric when the input length change was 0.1% of Lmax. When the length changes was 1%, the second phase of stretch response became shorter, whereas that of release became longer. The third phase of stretch response was prolonged, whereas that of release response became obscure. The peak tension (F1) in the first phase was linearly related to the amplitude, whereas those in the second and third phase were not. Increasing temperature markedly decreased F1 and shortened the second and third phase independently of initial muscle length. These results were consistent with those properties of heart muscle in Ba2+ contracture previously characterized with sinusoidal length changes. PMID- 7369379 TI - Role of the papillary muscle in opening and closure of the mitral valve. AB - Dimensional changes of the left ventricular anterolateral papillary muscle of six open-chest dogs were measured continuously throughout the cardiac cycle in order to evaluate the role of the papillary muscle in opening and closing of the mitral valve. Dimensional changes were measured with ultrasonic dimension gauges. Maximal shortening and maximal elongation of the papillary muscle followed maximal shortening and elongation of a segment of the free wall of the left ventricle by 65 +/- 6 (SE) ms. Maximal elongation of the papillary muscle occurred 25 +/- 2 ms after the onset of ejection. Maximal shortening of the papillary muscle occurred 68 +/- 5 ms after the aortic incisura and 10 +/- 2 ms after the crossover of left ventricular and left atrial pressure. The papillary muscle shortened 14 +/- 4%. The percentage of papillary muscle shortening that occurred after the aortic incisura was 39 +/- 7%, and the percentage of shortening that occurred after the crossover of left ventricular and left atrial pressure was 3 +/- 1%. The observed shortening of the papillary muscle throughout left ventricular isovolumic relaxation suggests that the papillary muscle may have a role in opening the mitral valve. Conversely, elongation of the papillary muscle in the late portion of diastole appears necessary to permit proper closure of the mitral valve leaflets. PMID- 7369374 TI - Supernormal conduction in the canine bundle of His and proximal bundle branches. AB - We used close bipolar intramural electrodes and catheter electrodes to study the characteristics of conduction in the bundle of His and proximal bundle branches during premature atrial beats in 17 open-chest anesthetized dogs. The electrophysiological properties of the proximal conducting system were heterogenous. The shortest interval between a normal His bundle response and a premature response that was not accompanied by changes in conduction time (the total recovery time) was 258.8 +/- 23.9 (SD) ms for the proximal His and 310.7 +/ 30.6 ms for the distal His and proximal bundle branches. A period of supernormal conduction, in which the conduction times of premature beats were faster than during earlier or later beats, was localized to the distal portion of the bundle of His and proximal bundle branches. The minimal conduction time during the supernormal period was decreased by 9.6 +/- 4.6% below control diastolic conduction times, and the supernormal period was 61.0 +/- 25.7 ms in duration. The characteristics of the period of supernormal conduction in the distal bundle of His and proximal bundle branches were very similar to those previously found in the peripheral bundle branch-Purkinje system. The mechanism of supernormal conduction in the bundle of His is most probably due to a period of supernormal excitability. PMID- 7369380 TI - Responses of peak ear-pulse derivative to changing left ventricular function. AB - The ear densitograph displacement pulse derivative (dD/dtear) is the analog of the arterial pressure derivative (dP/dt) and behaves comparably under a variety of cardiocirculatory challenges. Technical reliability and uniform application of the transducer are advantages that make it ideal for intrasubject monitoring. With atrial fibrillation as a model of functional variability in eight subjects, peak dD/dtear (P) tracked echocardiographic stroke volume, ejection fraction, ejection rate, and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening quite closely with the exception of some values in three subjects, two of whom had mitral regurgitation and one paradoxic septal movement. In all subjects, P showed good to excellent correlations with cycle length, preejection period (PEP), LVET (left ventricular ejection time), and PEP/LVET. The method appears to be ideally suited to intrasubject monitoring for changing ventricular function. PMID- 7369382 TI - Blood pressure, plasma catecholamines, and sympathetic outflow in pithed SHR and WKY rats. AB - After destruction, by pithing, of the central nervous system, the blood pressure (BP) of the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rat falls, but remains higher than in the pithed normotensive (WKY) rat. At all ages examined, stimulation of the sympathetic outflow evoked greater increases in BP of pithed SHR rats, but the increases in plasma catecholamines were similar in the two strains. The BP increase evoked by administered norepinephrine was greater in old SHR than in old WKY rats, but this increased response was not found in young animals. Both young and old SHR rats, however, were more sensitive than WKY rats to the pressor effects of epinephrine. Results of selective pharmacologic blockade of cardiac or vascular beta-adrenoceptors suggest that a smaller vasodilator response in young SHR rats to the beta-adrenergic effects of epinephrine is responsible for the greater pressor response than in WKY rats. This factor diminishes in older SHR rats in which, as suggested by Folkow, structural changes in the resistance blood vessel diameter may account for the enhanced pressor responsivity of SHR rats. PMID- 7369381 TI - Effect of hemorrhage on blood flow to marrow and osseous tissue in conscious rabbits. AB - The effect of hemorrhage on blood flow to marrow and osseous tissue was determined in conscious rabbits by injecting radioactive microspheres (15 micron diam) at three time intervals: pretreatment control; 15 min after nonfatal hemorrhage (20 ml/kg body wt), and 16 h posthemorrhage. Cardiac output (CO), blood pressure, heart rate, resistance, arterial PCO2, PO2, and pH, and hematocrit were measured at each time interval. Tissues analyzed included heart, spleen, kidney, and femur with marrow and osseous tissue separated. At 15 min posthemorrhage, CO decreased to all tissues measured except the heart, where it increased. Sixteen hours later, CO returned to normal, and blood flow increased significantly to heart and marrow, while osseous tissue flow returned to control levels. The results show no immediate shunting of blood from bone to marrow; however, after 16 h there is a selective increase in marrow blood flow. This response is only detected by separating marrow and osseous tissue and it may reflect a preparatory mechanism for increased erythropoietic activity. PMID- 7369384 TI - Changes in adenosine and glycogen phosphorylase activity during the cardiac cycle. PMID- 7369383 TI - Binding of Ca2+ and Na+ to sarcolemmal membranes: relation to control of myocardial contractility. AB - Studies are presented that relate the calcium binding of isolated sarcolemmal membranes to myocardial contractility. The contractile strength of the perfused rabbit interventricular septum as a function of perfusate calcium concentration is compared with calcium bound to isolated rabbit sarcolemma at the same calcium concentrations. If the calcium-binding incubation medium contains 140 mM sodium chloride, the shapes of these two curves are identical. In another experiment, sarcolemmal calcium-binding data are compared with the results of Tillisch et al. (J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 11:137-148, 1979), who studied the response of rabbit papillary muscles to changes in the perfusate sodium concentration. Again a positive correlation between calcium bound and force developed is obtained. The results of experiments, using the isotope 22Na on the binding of sodium to isolated sarcolemmal membranes were subjected to Scatchard analysis. This revealed a single type of sodium receptor. The affinity constant for sodium binding is 110 M-1 and calcium appears to behave as a competitive inhibitor of sodium binding. The experimental results strongly imply a quantitative relationship between sarcolemmal calcium binding and myocardial contractility. PMID- 7369385 TI - Myocardial oxygen and carbohydrate consumption in fetal lambs in utero and in adult sheep. AB - We measured myocardial oxygen, glucose, lactate, and pyruvate consumption in chronically instrumented fetal and adult sheep. Although ascending aortic blood concentration of oxygen was significantly lower in fetuses, myocardial consumption of oxygen was similar in the two groups. This was accomplished by a significantly greater myocardial blood flow in the fetuses. Although ascending aortic blood glucose concentration was significantly lower in fetuses, myocardial consumption of glucose was significantly greater in fetuses. Complete oxidative combustion of all glucose consumed by the fetal heart would supply only one-third of myocardial energy demands, as measured by oxygen consumption. Ascending aortic blood concentration of lactate was similar in fetuses and adults, but myocardial consumption of lactate was significantly greater in fetuses. Complete oxidative combustion of all lactate consumed by fetal hearts would supply almost 60% of myocardial energy demands. Small, but significant, amounts of pyruvate are consumed by both fetuses and adults. Our data indicate that fetal lamb myocardium requires substrates other than glucose alone. The large amount of lactate consumed indicates that there is oxidative metabolism in addition to glycolysis and that lactate is of equal, or perhaps greater, importance as a myocardial energy substrate. PMID- 7369386 TI - Norepinephrine release by ventricular stimulation: effect on fibrillation thresholds. AB - In adult dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, ventricular fibrillation thresholds determined by scanning the vulnerable period with a train of 14 pulses (4 ms, 100 Hz) were significantly less (P less than 0.01) than fibrillation thresholds determined by scanning the vulnerable period with a single 10-ms stimulus. Following beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol, the relative increase in the fibrillation thresholds measured with trains was about seven times greater than the relative increase in the single-stimulus threshold (P less than 0.01). In a group of animals subjected to chronic cardiac denervation, fibrillation thresholds measured with trains were about three times greater than in a group of shamthoracotomized animals (P less than 0.01). Furthermore, the train fibrillation thresholds of the catecholamine-depleted hearts were not significantly different from the train thresholds of beta-blocked innervated hearts. These data, coupled with the finding that trains of stimuli produced a marked augmentation in local myocardial contractile force, suggest that locally released norepinephrine during a fibrillation-threshold determination may exert a profound influence on the level of current necessary to evoke fibrillation. PMID- 7369387 TI - Methods to quantify silver in autoradiographs. AB - The developed silver in specially prepared photographic films (PF) and autoradiographs (AR) of radiolabeled arterial tissue was quantified by direct grain counting (GC), microdensitometry (OD), and by electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPA). The EPA data was proportional to the OD data with a very small variance. The GC data increased with the EPA data, but showed a large variance. The EPA signal was shown 1) to be reproducible even after multiple traverses across the specimen, 2) to be directly proportional to the electron beam current and emulsion silver concentration, and 3) to be insensitive to a) beam size, b) current density, c) energy above 17 keV, or d) nonuniformities in the thickness of the conductive coating on the specimen. PMID- 7369388 TI - Biology of the chloride cell. PMID- 7369389 TI - Morphology of gill epithelia in fish. AB - In fish of all groups examined including Teleostei, Chondrostei, Holostei, Chondrichytes, and Dipnoi, the primary epithelium that surrounds the primary lamellae has a close relationship with the venous compartment. Except in Dipnoi that displays a specialized epithelial drainage, the venous compartment consists of a central venous sinus that is connected with the systemic vasculature by noninnervated muscular arteriovenous anastomoses and drains into the branchial veins. Primary epithelium contains the chloride cells, which vary in morphology and number according to the milieu where the fish lives. The presence of an accessory cell beside the chloride cell is characteristic of seawater or seawater adapted fish. The secondary epithelium that covers the free part of the secondary lamellae has an exclusive relationship with the arterioarterial vasculature, i.e., the pillar capillary compartment. This compartment is actively controlled by innervated sphincters located in the primary lamellae and in lower species by pre- and postlamellar noninnervated sphincters. Contraction of pillar cells may also contribute to this control. The secondary epithelium consists of an outermost layer of pavement cells that exhibited structural characteristics suggestive of cell coat secretion and an innermost layer of less differentiated cells. In contrast to the primary epithelium, the secondary epithelium does not exhibit any obvious differences between freshwater and seawater fish or undergo any obvious change during transfer of fish from fresh- to seawater. However, in conditions which exaggerate the absorptive functions of freshwater chloride cells, the secondary epithelium become modified by an intensive differentiation of freshwater chloride cells from its innermost layer of cells. These observations suggest possible specialized functional relationships between seawater chloride cells and the central venous sinus, and freshwater chloride cells and the arterioarterial compartment. PMID- 7369391 TI - Reconstruction of the gill from single-cell suspensions of the eel, Anguilla japonica. AB - Minute gill arches, about 2 mm in length and with 17-20 pairs of filaments, were reconstructed from single-cell suspensions of the adult eel gill. Mixed populations of the dissociated cells were cultured with growth medium (pH 7.2 7.4) either in a Rose chamber or in a roller tube at 20 degrees C. Single cells began to aggregate within 1 h into small cell clusters, which increase in size with selective adhesion of free cells. Melanin cells were frequently observed in the aggregates. Cell aggregates containing melanin cells transformed progressively into a gill barlike structure, and then, filamentlike structures grew from the bar. Secondary lammelalike structures were observed on the filaments. With growth of the gill bar, the filaments increased in both number and length, and after about 1-2 wk minute gill arches were reconstructed with original histological properties and circulatory system. PMID- 7369390 TI - Gill arch of the mullet, Mugil cephalus III. Rate of response to salinity change. AB - The rate of response of gill filament epithelium to salinity changes was determined by scanning electron microscopy and biochemical techniques. An increase in Na-K-ATPase content, as measured by [3H]ouabain binding, was detected at 3 h and continued to about 24 h after mullet were transferred from a salinity of 1-4.5%. In contrast, filaments from mullet transferred to freshwater exhibited a decrease in ouabain-binding sites. Similarly, scanning electron microscopy revealed that ultrastructural modifications occurred in epithelial pores of the filament surface in response to salinity changes. These modifications, which included changes in pore diameter and depth and in the number of cellular extensions in the pore's interior, were evident as early as 6 h and were mostly completed by 24 h after the salinity change. Because epithelial pores likely represent apical pits of chloride cells and because the Na-K-ATPase is localized within chloride cells, the present observations likely represent different manifestations of the very rapid response of chloride cells to osmotic stress, and indicate the close association of structure with function. PMID- 7369392 TI - Accessory cells in teleost branchial epithelium. AB - Correlated morphological and cytochemical investigations of the branchial epithelium of the pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides, have revealed a cell type that is invariably associated with chloride cells. These cells, termed "accessory cells," have been described previously in the teleost pseudobranch (Dunel and Laurent. J. Microsc. Biol. Cell 16:53-74, 1973) but not in the gill proper. Accessory cells are more numerous in pinfish adapted to seawater than to 33% seawater, and in the former participate with chloride cells in the formation of apical crypts. Although accessory cells are much smaller than chloride cells, they possess numerous mitochondria and display an abbreviated labyrinth of plasma membrane derived tubules. The labyrinth membranes of accessory cells are essentially unreactive, however, when processed for Na-K-ATPase localization by K nitrophenylphosphatase cytochemistry, whereas chloride cell membranes exhibit copious, ouabain-sensitive reaction products. The zonulae occludentes between accessory cells and chloride cells also appear to be less extensive than those between either of these cells and the flanking pavement cells. These features suggest that accessory cells represent a population of partially differentiated chloride cells. PMID- 7369393 TI - Freeze fracture of the gill epithelium of euryhaline teleost fish. AB - We briefly discuss the information one can obtain using freeze fracture. We used this technique to precisely identify the types of junctions that link the cells of the gill epithelium of euryhaline teleosts. In particular we demonstrate that seawater adaptation is characterized by the appearance of new apical tight junctions between chloride cells. Another particularity of these cells, the extensive network of tubules, extension of the basolateral plasma membrane, is shown to be made of repetitive units. We discuss the functional importance of the observations with respect to the adaptation of fish to different salinities. PMID- 7369394 TI - Polysaccharidic material in chloride cell of teleostean gill: modifications according to salinity. AB - The gill epithelium is known to be implicated in the hydromineral regulation of teleosts, especially owing to its "chloride cells." We have examined the polysaccharides of chloride cells from euryhaline teleosts adapted to fresh- or saltwater. The use of periodic acid-chromic acid-silver methenamine, colloidal thorium, or radioautography after incorporation of [3H]glucosamine has shown that chloride cells are characterized by a high concentration of polysaccharides in their apical region (at the level of the vesiculotubular system) and by a special polysaccharidic cell coat. The polysaccharide molecules originate from the Golgi area; by 12 h they accumulate within the vesiculotubular system and are released in the apical cavity of the cell within 24 h. In fresh- and saltwater-adapted fish, the localization of polysaccharidic material in chloride cells is basically the same. However, in saltwater-adapted fish, the amount and turnover of the polysaccharide molecules are clearly increased. PMID- 7369396 TI - The clinical application of the biopsychosocial model. AB - How physicians approach patients and the problems they present is much influenced by the conceptual models around which their knowledge is organized. In this paper the implications of the biopsychosocial model for the study and care of a patient with an acute myocardial infarction are presented and contrasted with approaches used by adherents of the more traditional biomedical model. A medical rather than psychiatric patient was selected to emphasize the unity of medicine and to help define the place of psychiatrists in the education of physicians of the future. PMID- 7369395 TI - Ionic contributions to the potential and current across the opercular epithelium. PMID- 7369397 TI - Toward a rational pharmacotherapy of depression. AB - The authors review several approaches that show promise for predicting which antidepressant medication will be best for a particular patient and for achieving maximum benefit from each drug. These include delineation of clinical and historical characteristics associated with response to various drugs, use of psychological tests, assessment of biochemical and electroencephalographic parameters, evaluation of mood response to amphetamine, determination of acetylator status, and measurement of plasma tricyclic levels and degree of inhibition of platelet monoamine oxidase. The authors believe that the use of these approaches may improve our ability to help depressed patients. PMID- 7369398 TI - Utilization of health and mental health services in a large insured population. AB - The authors analyzed 1975 data on the use of health and mental health services by the 2.3 million people covered by Michigan Blue Cross and Blue Shield. Only 4.6% of the covered population submitted hospital or physician claims for mental disorder; these people accounted for 7.3% of total hospital and physician charges for all health services in the covered population. According to the claims submitted, nonpsychiatric physicians saw almost half of all patients who were given a diagnosis of mental disorder, but psychiatrists accounted for the great bulk of mental health services and charges to these patients. High utilizers comprise a small proportion of all patients but account for a high proportion of charges for mental disorders and for all diagnoses. PMID- 7369399 TI - Diagnosed mental disorder in children and use of health services in four organized health care settings. AB - The authors present comparative data on the extent, nature, and impact of diagnosed mental disorder among children under 18 years of age seen during 1975 in four organized health care settings. Between 3.3% and 10.1% of the children seen were diagnosed as having a mental disorder in the study year, representing an annual prevalence of between 2.2% and 8.2% of the "covered" child populations. Transient situational disturbances, behavior disorders, and special symptoms were the most common diagnoses; the more severe disorders (organic brain disease, schizophrenia, and affective and other psychoses) accounted for less than 4% of all diagnosed mental disorder. Patients with diagnosed mental disorder used non mental-health services (except those of pediatricians) appreciably more often than did patients without such a diagnosis. PMID- 7369400 TI - The violation of psychiatric standards of care in prisons. AB - The author evaluated psychiatric care in three U.S. prison systems. Major problems included limitations imposed by prison architecture, inadequate staff, medication prescription and distribution by unlicensed, untrained personnel, and a punitive rather than therapeutic attitude. Following the standards of care recommended by American Correctional Association would correct most of these problems. Psychiatrists should guard against prescribing unnecessary medications, particularly minor tranquilizers and sedatives, and should be concerned with prison conditions conductive to mental illness, particularly overcrowding, abuses of solitary confinement, and inadequate programs for inmates who are mentally disturbed but not overtly psychotic. The author recommends minimum staffing standards and suggests considering the transfer of mentally ill inmates to appropriate psychiatric hospitals outside the prison system. PMID- 7369401 TI - Attitudes of psychiatrists toward elderly patients. AB - A group of 179 psychiatrists responded to a questionnaire requesting their opinions concerning four clinical vignettes. Analysis of their responses indicated that these psychiatrists, at a highly statistically significant level, regarded older patients as less ideal for their practices than younger patients with identical symptoms. The respondents viewed the older patients as having a poorer prognosis, and their treatment plans for them were less likely to emphasize psychotherapy. In general, there was a negative correlation between the age of the respondent psychiatrists and their estimate of the "idealness" of and favorable prognosis for older patients. PMID- 7369402 TI - The interface between sexual dysfunctional and marital conflict. AB - The author used a self-rating scale to assess marital happiness and sexual functioning in a sample of 20 couples referred to an outpatient family therapy unit. Evaluation of couples in structured interactions indicated important differences in the quality and intensity of relationship difficulties observed. Analysis of variance clearly showed that sexual dysfunction and marital distress may operate independently of one another. Thus effective treatment of marital discord may be neither a necessary nor sufficient condition for improvement in sexual functioning. PMID- 7369403 TI - Schizophrenia: affect and outcome. AB - Considerable data suggest that schizophrenic patients with affective symptoms have a more favorable outcome than other schizophrenic patients. This may indicate that such patients are more validly regarded as having either an affective disorder or a schizoaffective psychosis. Studies of this issue have suffered from significant methodologic problems, including inappropriate sampling, unsystematic collection of symptom data, unreliable diagnostic procedures, and restricted outcome assessment. The present study, designed to surmount these methodologic difficulties, indicates that while levels of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients correlate with poor outcome, affective symptoms have little prognostic power. PMID- 7369404 TI - ECT and special problems of informed consent. AB - The authors examine the question of whether severely depressed patients can validly consent to ECT, indeed whether anyone should be asked to consent to a treatment that some have held is disabling and beyond the range of rational choice. They suggest some clarification in the use of the terms "competent" and "rational." The authors present examples of cases where ECT may appropriately be used with and without a patient's consent. They conclude that except in cases in which patients may die without ECT, physicians will not err morally by respecting patients' informed decisions about treatment. PMID- 7369405 TI - Patient access to records: tonic or toxin? AB - The authors review their experiences in permitting psychiatric patients to read their own records. Patients are permitted to read the records with a staff member present to explain the information in the record. Copies of the records are not provided, nor is the patient always provided access to the complete record. Permitting this type of limited patient access to records has resulted in a generally positive experience for the patients, and harm has not ensued. PMID- 7369406 TI - Psychosocial aspects of neoplastic disease: II. Affective and cognitive effects of chemotherapy in cancer patients. AB - A battery of cognitive and affective tests administered to 50 consecutively admitted medical oncology patients revealed cognitive impairment to be a common occurrence in the absence of affective disorders or other psychopathology. Chemotherapy was the major variable associated with cognitive impairment in these patients. These findings suggest that the consultant psychiatrist should be aware of chemotherapy as a possible source of behavioral change and emotional distress in cancer patients. PMID- 7369407 TI - Editors three. PMID- 7369408 TI - Psychiatry and the prisoner. PMID- 7369409 TI - Dialysis for schizophrenia: review of clinical trials and implications for further research. AB - At least 67 schizophrenic patients have undergone dialysis for renal failure, without improvement in schizophrenic symptoms. Ninety-two nonuremic schizophrenic patients have received dialysis in nonblind studies; 22 improved, 21 improved partially, 47 showed no change, and 2 became worse. The authors point out factors other than dialysis that may affect outcome, including family respones and reduction in drug dose. They believe that until the results of current double blind, sham-controlled trials are known, dialysis should not be prescribed as a treatment for schizophrenia. PMID- 7369410 TI - VIth axis for DSM-III: psychodynamic evaluation. AB - DSM-III has raised questions among mental health professionals about the relationship of diagnosis to treatment. Practicing psychotherapists have been reluctant to endorse the revised classification, arguing that diagnostic discriminations needed to plan psychotherapy treatment are absent from DSM-III's multiaxial system. The clinical usefulness of a diagnostic classification is a major measure of its validity. The authors illustrate with three patients from psychotherapy practice, all with long-standing problems of depressed mood, the limits of DSM-III in planning psychotherapy treatment, and they make suggestions for the development of a treatment-oriented "axis" to complement the current multiaxial evaluation system. PMID- 7369411 TI - Interviewing bipolar patients and their families. AB - The authors report on the case ascertainment phase of a pedigree study of patients with bipolar affective disorder. The nature of the research interview, which necessarily probes for symptoms and signs of affective disorder, appeared to have a provocative effect on some subjects by exposing heavily defended conflicts related to the expression of affect. Although such studies are necessary, researchers must be sensitive to the needs of their subjects and not regard the ascertainment interview as benign and uncathected. PMID- 7369412 TI - Psychoanalytic concepts in psychiatric training. AB - The author describes, categorizes, and appraises psychiatric training programs on the basis of how each handles psychoanalytic concepts. He suggests rationales for including a proper balance of psychoanalytic conceptualizations in each type of program. Some emphasis complementing a balanced curriculum is recommended. He also notes that the psychiatrist is both a physician and a mental health professional who looks at the biologic, psychological, and social aspects of behavior; the synthesis of these several perspectives should be conveyed effectively and without bias to all students entering psychiatry. PMID- 7369413 TI - Impact of the threatening patient on ward communications. AB - Patients and staff may have difficulty facing the realities of a dangerous situation on an inpatient service. The authors describe how, in response to the presence of a potentially violent patient, distorted patient communications in group settings may be reinforced by staff avoidance patterns. Appropriate therapeutic interventions are often delayed until staff members overcome their resistance to acknowledging the signals that frightened patients send. The authors discuss strategies to circumvent and overcome these problems. PMID- 7369414 TI - The diagnostic dilemma of blepharospasm. PMID- 7369415 TI - Tyrosine for the treatment of depression. PMID- 7369416 TI - Dangerousness and the right of a psychotic quadriplegic patient to refuse treatment. PMID- 7369417 TI - Effect of electroconvulsive therapy on serum isoenzymes. PMID- 7369419 TI - Social attitudes toward patients with anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7369418 TI - A case study of autocastration. PMID- 7369420 TI - A personal response to "superkids". PMID- 7369421 TI - Baclofen and tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 7369422 TI - The burden of documentation. PMID- 7369423 TI - An alternative to the amobarbital interview. PMID- 7369424 TI - Hoarseness and tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 7369425 TI - Planning for the pregnant resident. PMID- 7369426 TI - Our cities--a matter of death and life. PMID- 7369427 TI - Task-focused therapy with children and families. AB - Task-focused psychotherapy for children relies on Piaget's formulations of children's learning through concrete exchanges in the environment. The therapeutic task is designed to embody the child's conflict and to permit therapist and child to share experiences which aid the child in finding a new behavioral and/or conceptual resolution. Children's conflicts are seen as maintained by continuing interactions on the part of the family which allow, foster orperpetuate the troublesome behavior or painful concept of the child. The task-focused model enhances the ability of parents to be enlisted as allies in the process of change. As the therapist tells the parents of the child's struggles with a particular issue/task, the parents can more readily understand the way in which the child's problem relates to a central issue within the family, the parenting or marital system, or the parents' self-image. PMID- 7369428 TI - The resurrection-of-the-dead syndrome. AB - The purpose of this article is to illustrate some of the psychological responses of key family members toward a patient who has serious medical illness and who has survived beyond the prognosticated time due to heroic intervention of medical technology or due to a new procedure becoming available. The phenomena described have customarily been under the heading of anticipatory grief but in some instances go beyond grief so that, in the mental representation of the family member, the physically sick member is perceived as 'not being alive' and is treated as though he or she were dead. This may lead to covert or overt rejection or actual sabotage of planned treatment for the patient. Recognition of these attitudes may help prevent such final and total rejection of the patient by his family and has broad ramifications as to the actual process of communication of prognosis of the illness to family members. PMID- 7369429 TI - Psychotherapy with wives of sexual deviants. AB - The authors presents three case histories of wives of sexual deviants--two pedophilics and one exhibitionist. Each of these women felt responsible for the deviance of her husband and attempted to control her husband's acts through sexual activity. The authors suggest that these women derived some psychologic gain through the deviant acts of their husbands, having remained with these men during trying times. The ego defense mechanisms utilized by them included denial, intellectualization, isolation of affect and undoing. The wife is recognized as an integral part of the dynamic system involving the man, and as such, the necessity for her participation in the treatment is recognized. By encouraging change in the wives, a measure of change could be induced in their husbands. Myths about these women fitting a stereotype of cold, sexually unresponsive persons, as described in the literature and by their spouses, were not substantiated. PMID- 7369430 TI - Problem patients or troublemakers? Dynamic and therapeutic considerations. AB - The article addresses itself to patients who are of above-average difficulty to deal with and who set up a variety of therapeutic obstructions. The scale of disruptive and counterproductive actions on the part of certain patients is extremely broad and represents a psychopathology per se rather than a specific psychiatric diagnosis. A grouping of ten categories covering clinical manifestations seen in problem patients is offered. Dynamic factors pertaining to the described symptoms are discussed. Brief reference is made to Sullivan's construct of malevolent transformation and Freud's tenet of the negative therapeutic reaction. Several case illustrations are offered indicative of a variety of problem-patient situations in the process of psychotherapy. Finally, a few general considerations about working with particularly difficult patients are added. Special reference is made to various ways of setting limits as well as to the particular role of countertransference in the broadest sense of the term. PMID- 7369431 TI - Grief-resolution therapy: reliving, revising, and revisiting. AB - Grief-resolution therapy is indicated for the treatment of unresolved grief reactions that have persisted beyond one year after the loss. The method employs present-time, guided imagery whereby the patient removes obstacles to grieving through reliving, revising and revisiting events of the loss. Initially, the full yearning for the attachment and the emotions associated with the loss are reawakened, then the patient is helped to detach by undoing binds with the deceased, and finally new choices which bridge the past to the future are reinforced. PMID- 7369432 TI - Religious delusions among Jews. AB - Though most previous publications described religious delusions only among Christians, a review of cases at Friends Hospital revealed that they are equally common among Jews. Five cases are given, four illustrating psychotic reactions to stress, one demonstrating that a religious experience does not necessarily result in psychosis. Content may come from either the Old or New Testaments. The Messiah delusion is discussed in more detail, with a historical example from the 17th century. Since persecution and other social stress leads to fantasies of a savior, Jewish people are now particularly vulnerable to Messianic delusions. PMID- 7369433 TI - Transference and countertransference in homosexuality--changing psychoanalytic views. AB - This retrospective review of the psychoanalytic treatment literature about homosexuals traces the development over the years of views of transference and countertransference. Shifts are identified in the dynamic understanding of transference phenomena, from an early emphasis on Oedipal issues to the contemporary focus on early maternal relations and how disturbances in these are recapitulated in the homosexual transference; this evolution parallels broader trends in clinical psychoanalysis. Against the background of rapidly changing social and professional attitudes toward homosexuality, and in light of burgeoning interest in countertransference among psychoanalysts, the absence of any discussion of countertransference in the treatment of homosexuals is considered significant. Further, the overwhelming attention given to male, compared to female, homosexuals is noted. Finally, some questions are raised about the implications of the contemporary status of psychoanalytic thinking about the treatment of homosexuality. PMID- 7369435 TI - Malpractice liability in a patient's suicide. AB - The increased number of malpractice suits has had an impact on the practice of medicine. Fourteen of the most common reasons for suits against psychiatrists are listed. Prominent among them is the failure to care for an obvious suicide risk. The suicidal potential of all patients must be explored. Affirmative answers to three or more of twelve questions point to a high suicide risk, and psychiatric hospitalization should be seriously considered. Specific suicide precautions should be indicated. The legal doctrine of "res ipsa loquitur" in relation to malpractice suits is discussed. It is concluded that there are not fixed legal standards of care or supervision of suicidal patients. PMID- 7369434 TI - Problems in the psychotherapy of children with histories of incest. AB - Therapists must be cognizant of the meaning of the patients' presentation and the extreme need for therapeutic safety. The therapists must be keenly aware of the deprivation issues for these patients and not be seduced by the sexual "red herring." At the same time, the therapist must be careful that his own discomfort does not make him run away from the sexual material. Thus the therapist must strike a difficult balance between the two. The therapist must avoid allying with the child solely as a victim, an alliance which would hinder an understanding of the child's motivation and subsequent guilt, and thus foster further difficulties. The therapist must work through his own outrage that a child has been molested so that he may avoid blame seeking. By attending to these issues, the individual psychotherapist will pass the patients' "test" and take the first step in helping patients and their families in forming a therapeutic working alliance. PMID- 7369436 TI - A Kantian critique of cognitive psychotherapy. AB - Modern cognitive psychotherapies such as those practiced by George Kelly, Aaron Beck, and Albert Ellis are examined from the perspective of Immanuel Kant's critique of eighteenth-century cognitive philosophy. Parallel strengths and weaknesses are found in the psychotherapeutic and philosophical systems. The major strengths of the systems are based upon their abilities to predict phenomena based upon an understanding of concepts used to organize experience. The major weaknesses of the systems arise when one takes such concepts to be too concrete. It is argued that modern psychiatrists interested in cognitive techniques may relearn some important but forgotten, facts about the strengths and limits of cognition by reviewing Kantian philosophy. PMID- 7369437 TI - Circulating immune complexes and anti-IgG antibodies in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC), anti-IgG, anti-DNA, and anti-collagen autoantibodies (Ab) were investigated in sera from patients with South American leishmaniasis. No significant levels of anti-DNA or anti-collagen autoantibodies were observed. Only a few patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis or with only one mucocutaneous lesion showed values for CIC and anti-IgG Ab higher than those in the control group. In contrast, both CIC and anti-IgG Ab were demonstrated in most patients with several lesions due to mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MMC). Moreover, a close correlation was noticed between the detection of CIC and anti IgG Ab in MMC patients. This relationship suggested that part of the detected CIC could have been formed by IgG-anti-IgG complexes. The involvement of these immunopathologically active substances in the clinical evolution of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is discussed. PMID- 7369439 TI - Cytopathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica: hemolytic activity of trophozoite homogenates. AB - In in vitro assays the hemolytic activity of total homogenates of trophozoites of seven strains of amebae were tested for specificity and potency against the erythrocytes of eight mammalian species. The species of Entamoeba included in the tests were E. histolytica, E. invadens, E. moshkovskii, and the Laredo type of E. histolytica. The hemolytic activity was found to be dose-dependent and strain specific, with E. histolytica being generally the species having the highest hemolytic potency. PMID- 7369438 TI - Characterization of Leishmania spp. by isozyme electrophoresis. AB - In this study, isozyme patterns for 14 different enzymes were compared for culture strains of Leishmania braziliensis, L. hertigi, L. mexicana, L. donovani, L. tropica, and L. adleri. The isozyme separation was made by means of cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Each of the species had distinct isozyme patterns for aspartate aminotransferase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and fructokinase. For other enzymes, two or more species had identically migrating bands; however, by using combinations of the other 10 enzymes it was possible to separate any one of the six species. In addition to these interspecific differences the Panama strains of L. braziliensis had two different malic dehydrogenase isozyme patterns; therefore, they fell into two distinct groups. These strains otherwise had identical isozyme patterns. PMID- 7369440 TI - Uptake of amino acids and glucose by microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis in vitro. AB - The uptake of amino acids and glucose by microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis maintained for 8 days in vitro was studied. The quantity of glutamic acid, histidine, lysine, alanine, tryptophan, and cystine in the medium did not change. Isoleucine, serine, valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, methionine, and cystathionine decreased slightly; both asparatic acid and leucine decreased considerably. Glutamine, threonine, and proline decreased markedly, while glycine increased to some extent. Ornithine increased and arginine decreased; however, their changes were smaller than the changes of respective amino acids in the control medium free of microfilariae. Glucose decreased markedly. PMID- 7369441 TI - Quick Kato smear for field quantification of Schistosoma mansoni eggs. AB - The 50-mg Kato thick smear was modified by using stainless steel templates which deliver 20 mg of stools accurately; fecal material can thus be processed in the field and the smears cleared within 15 minutes. The counts obtained from the 20 mg quick Kato were proportional to those obtained by the 50-mg thick smear. PMID- 7369442 TI - A study of the mode of action of hycanthone against Schistosoma mansoni in vivo and in vitro. AB - Schistosomes obtained by perfusion from host animals as early as 2 hours after in vivo treatment with hycanthone and transferred into untreated recipient hamsters died in the recipient host. In contrast, unexposed schistosomes transferred into recipient hamsters treated from 7 days to 36 hours previously showed a normal survival. In vitro treatment of schistosomes with hycanthone concentrations comparable to those used in in vivo studies, followed by transfer of the parasites into normal hamsters, resulted in death of the worms. The time of lethal hycanthone exposure in vitro could be as short as 15 minutes. Hycanthone resistant schistosomes or immature worms were not affected under similar in vitro conditions. Our data suggest that the schistosomicidal effect of hycanthone is not caused by a host-derived metabolite. PMID- 7369443 TI - Effect of unisexual Schistosoma mansoni infections on hepatic drug metabolism of mice. AB - The effect of unisexual schistosome infection on the activities of several hepatic enzymes was studied in mice. The activities of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in mice infected with either female or male schistosomes were not significantly different from those of noninfected control animals. However, the total amount of heme pigment in the liver of infected mice was 2.7 (female infection) and 8.9 (male infection) times greater than that of control animals. The durations of hexobarbital sleeping times and of zoxazolamine paralysis in unisexual schistosome infections did not differ from those of uninfected controls. Therefore, an accumulation of schistosome pigment without egg deposition, as in this unisexual infection study, does not result in a severe reduction of hepatic drug-metabolizing capacity. PMID- 7369444 TI - Experimental rabies in the vampire bat. AB - Vampire bats were inoculated intramuscularly and subcutaneously with varying doses of rabies virus to simulate bites by rabid animals in nature. Daily saliva samples were then taken from these animals to determine whether they excreted virus and for how long. Vampire bats appear to react to rabies virus as do other animals, with variable incubation periods, some excretion of virus in the saliva, but no prolonged excretion "carrier state." PMID- 7369445 TI - An epidemiological model of Crimean hemorrhagic fever. AB - A mathematical model of Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) which satisfactorily describes the real epidemic process has been developed. Estimates of the intensity of infection and probability of disease have been obtained on the basis of the model. The probability of disease for subjects who had been infected was found to be a stable value characterizing the infection. In CHF, this value is 0.2153; in other words, the ratio of inapparent to clinically overt forms is approximately 5:1. By means of the model the causes of the lack of a stable immune portion among the human populations in CHF foci have been elucidated. PMID- 7369446 TI - Studies of Venezuelan encephalitis in migrating birds in relation to possible transport of virus from South to Central America. AB - All of 13 species of northward migrating shorebirds and 7 species of songbirds captured on the Pacific coast of Guatemala during April and May of 1974--1976 were susceptible to infection with small doses of either an epizootic or an enzootic strain of Venezuelan encephalitis (VE) virus. They produce moderate to high levels of viremia for 2--4 days post-inoculation; levels high enough to infect both epizootic and enzootic vector mosquitoes. Viremias were often sufficient even on the 3rd day after inoculation, a time that might represent the end of a migratory flight, assuming that the physiological state of the birds after capture reflected that during migratory flight. Birds of many taxa react similarly to infection with strains of VE virus, and have the potential for being moderately to highly effective amplifying hosts. However, whether northward migrating birds could have been the agents for the introduction of the epizootic Ecuadorian strain that initiated the middle-American epizootic of 1969--1971 is less clear. Data are not available for the extent, rates or routes of migration between the region of Ecuador and Central America, but the best information on the real speed of migration from elsewhere indicates that even warblers that fly more slowly than shorebirds could make the flight in 72 hours or less. Still, that there are geographically segregated subtypes of VE virus suggests that avian transport has been of minimal importance over long time spans. The role of inactivated vaccines in the middle-American epizootic remains an open question. PMID- 7369447 TI - Village-based distribution of oral rehydration therapy packets in Bangladesh. AB - The distribution of sucrose-electrolyte oral therapy packets (1 liter) by community-based workers in a rural Bangladesh population of 157,000 was evaluated. A similar population of 134,000 served as a comparison group. The locally-produced packets showed satisfactory chemical composition with a shelf life of up to 3 months and a cost of U.S. $0.05. After 4 months the workers were distributing an average of 70 packets/1,000 population per month. Most patients used one packet for each episode of diarrhea; 13% of children used two packets, and 15% and 8% of adults used, respectively, two and three packets. The electrolyte composition of the oral fluids prepared by field workers and mothers showed substantial variation, but no hyperconcentrated solutions were noted. A comparison of the hospitalization rate from the two study areas suggested a 29% reduction in hospitalization for diarrhea during the 4 months of distribution. PMID- 7369448 TI - An epidemic of tropical ulcer in the Cook Islands. AB - A sudden outbreak of skin ulcers occurred in the Cook Islands beginning in early 1976. Information from the outbreak indicated that ulcers were most consistent with the clinical entity of tropical ulcer. A retrospective analysis was undertaken to determine the clinical and epidemiological features of the outbreak. The ulcers occurred most commonly in males in the 10--14 and 15--19 age groups. Antecedent trauma appeared to initiate the ulcer. Most ulcers were solitary, occurred on the lower limbs, and healed leaving a pigmented scar. The ulcers responded well to penicillin. The cause of the ulcers was not established, but gram-negative, pleomorphic bacilli were consistently observed in ulcer biopsies. PMID- 7369450 TI - Tadpole of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, as an experimental intermediate host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. AB - Frogs and toads, as paratenic hosts, are known to be sources of human angiostrongyliasis. The present investigation was carried out to examine the role of the tadpole as an experimental intermediate host. First-, second-, and third stage larvae were found in tadpoles of Xenopus laevis from the 1st, 14th, and 18th days, respectively, after exposure to the first-stage larva of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Third-stage larvae collected from a frog which had metamorphosed from an exposed tadpole reached maturity and oviposited in an albino rat. This is the first demonstration that a vertebrate, the tadpole of X. laevis, can serve as an experimental intermediate host of A. cantonensis. PMID- 7369449 TI - Infectious disease patterns in the Waorani, an isolated Amerindian population. AB - The Waorani Indians of eastern Ecuador provide a unique opportunity for studying exposure of an isolated human population to various infectious disease agents. Using serologic tests to determine antibody prevalence, skin test data, and stool examination for parasites, we have been able to construct a profile of infectious diseases which are endemic, and others which have been introduced into the Waorani population. These findings are compared with similar data reported from elsewhere in the Amazon. Serologic studies demonstrating the presence of antibody to measles and poliovirus type 3 after vaccination indicate that the Waorani respond normally to viral challenge with these agents. The question of genetic inability among aboriginal Amerindians to respond to viral agents is discussed. Finally, general recommendations are made regarding the future health care of the Waorani. PMID- 7369451 TI - Lampyridae larva: a natural predator of schistosome vector snails in Liberia. AB - A lampyrid larva (Coleoptera) was found during snail collecting in Liberia, West Africa to be a natural predator of Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus globosus. PMID- 7369452 TI - Praziquantel in the treatment of Hymenolepis nana infections in children. AB - One hundred and fifty-five Hymenolepis nana-infected children were treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel, a new and effective isochinolinpyrazin compound with a broad spectrum of activity against cestodes. The children were distributed in three groups which received different dosages of the drug. Parasitological cures were obtained in 64 (98.5%) of 65 children given 25 mg/kg body weight, in 61 (93.8%) of 65 given 15 mg/kg, and in 19 (76.0%) of 25 given 10 mg/kg. Drug tolerance was good, and no clinical side effects were observed. A series of blood and urine tests performed before and after treatment in 30 patients who received 25 mg/kg remained within normal values. PMID- 7369453 TI - Control of schistosomiasis by mollusciciding. PMID- 7369455 TI - In praise of the regional meeting. PMID- 7369454 TI - Papers of the New England Surgical Society, presented at the 60th Annual Meeting, Whitefield, New Hampshire, September 28-30, 1979. PMID- 7369456 TI - Volume loading and vasodilators in abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy. AB - Preoperative infusion of volume to increase the wedge pressure will maintain stable flow and arterial pressure at the time of aortic declamping. Usually 1,500 ml of balanced salt solution given with 75 g of albumin is sufficient to accomplish this purpose. Pressor or inotropic agents are not required. In our experience 14 percent of patients will have a down-slope in the preoperative myocardial performance curves. In these persons, volume infusions should be adjusted to keep the pulmonary arterial wedge pressure on the ascending portion of the curve. The use of vasodilator agents in normotensive patients has a deleterious effect on cardiac performance. PMID- 7369458 TI - Measurement of deep muscle temperature in ischemic limbs. AB - Temperature profiles extending from the deep muscle out to the surface at points above and below the knee were measured using a 22 gauge thermistor probe in the form of a hypodermic needle in 15 ischemic limbs before amputation and 3 normal limbs before and elective surgery. Of the 15 ischemic limbs studied, 8 had below knee and 7 above-knee amputations, all of which healed without requiring revision. The mean difference between the maximum deep muscle temperature measured 15 cm above and 10 cm below the knee was 1.01 degree C in the below-knee amputation group and 1.06 degree C in the normal group. The temperature difference in the below-knee and above-knee groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.027). This relatively simple and easily performed technique of measuring deep muscle temperature appears to be a useful adjunct in choosing the amputation level. PMID- 7369459 TI - Refractory primary common bile duct stone disease. PMID- 7369460 TI - Choledochoscopic removal of retained stones via a T-tube tract. AB - Common duct stones retained after choledocholithotomy were removed in 11 patients under intravenous sedation using the Olympus fiberoptic choledochoscope passed through a T-tube tract. A total of 39 stones were removed during 12 procedures, with one patient requiring 2 procedures for complete stone removal. All common duct stones were removed, with no patient requiring further operation or procedures for stone removal. The complication rate was low; one patient had pancreatitis and four patients had a transient fever 8 to 12 hours after the procedure. Direct visualization proved an advantage in stone removal, and the patients were not exposed to the radiation required by the fluoroscopic method of stone extraction. PMID- 7369457 TI - Soft-tissue reconstruction of below-knee defects. AB - The stable closure of an indolent wound below the knee may require the placement of well vascularized flap tissue. Recent advancements in axial and microvascular flap transfer have nearly obviated the use of the cumbersome traditional cross leg flap. Thirty-two flaps in 25 below-knee defects illustrate a variety of surgical options. Closed stable wounds were achieved in 24 of the 25 defects, and bony union was accomplished in 11 of 12 unhealed fractures. PMID- 7369461 TI - Clinical staging of rectal cancer. AB - The gross and microscopic pathologic features of 167 rectal cancers were reviewed and the size, morphology and degree of differentiation correlated with the histologic Dukes' classification. A diagnosis of Dukes' A adenocarcinoma was made in 32 percent of all rectal cancers and in 70 percent of nonulcerated partly or well differentiated cancers that did not exceed 5 cm in greatest diameter. The incidence of Dukes' A lesions in patients meeting these criteria is similar to the survival rates reported after local excision, electrocoagulation and endorectal radiation. A prospective study comparing the results of local treatment with radical resection in selected patients is recommended. PMID- 7369463 TI - Nonfamilial medullary thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 7369462 TI - Results of CEA-initiated second-look surgery for recurrent colorectal cancer. PMID- 7369464 TI - Surgical management of chest wall tumors. AB - A new technique for reconstruction of the chest wall providing immediate chest wall stability was employed in six patients who required extensive chest wall resection for a variety of neoplasms. Despite preoperative impairment of pulmonary function, early extubation was possible in all patients. Pulmonary function was well preserved on follow-up examination. PMID- 7369465 TI - Role of selective venous catheterization of the small thyroid veins as a diagnostic study in hypercalcemic states. AB - Previous studies of selective venous catheterization stress its value in localizing hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue in patients with an established diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. Our study presents our experience with selective venous catheterization as a diagnostic aid in differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia. In our four patients, an extensive metabolic work-up did not resolve the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia, and selective venous catheterization provided the ultimate data that led to the correct diagnosis of hypercalcemia in each patient. Selective venous catheterization can be an important diagnostic study in carefully selected patients with hypercalcemia. PMID- 7369467 TI - Late results in patients with Schatzki rings undergoing destruction of the ring and hiatus herniorrhaphy. AB - Thirty-six patients with symptomatic Schatzki rings were treated by rupture of the ring and repair and followed up an average of 6 years. Thirteen (37 percent) had no recurrence of symptoms; 8 (23 percent) had recurrence of mild symtpoms; 14 (40 percent) had recurrence of symptoms as severe as those experienced preoperatively. Failure was associated with recurrence of the ring and hernia in some. In others, stricture with or without recurrence of the hernia was noted. Analysis of the procedures did not suggest a means of improving results. PMID- 7369468 TI - Resection of the abdominal aorta for recurrent colon cancers. 18 year survival. AB - (1) An 18 year survival after resection of a recurrent colon cancer involving the aortic bifurcation is reported. (2) Involvement of major intraabdominal vessels by malignant tumors should not categorically be considered a contraindication to curative resection. (3) After extended radical resections for colonic cancer, 40 to 100 percent of the adhesions will contain malignant cells. Curative en bloc resection of these primary tumors together with their organs and tissues, particularly if the adhesions are dense, can achieve 5 year survival in 34 percent of cases. (4) Colonic tumors recur locally in 4 to 28 percent of patients who are resected for cure; recurrence at the primary site may be the sole evidence of recurrent disease in 28 to 60 percent of these cases. These patients may be candidates for exploratory laparotomy and 30 to 40 percent may be amenable to reresection for cure with an anticipated 5 year survival rate of 23 percent. PMID- 7369466 TI - Hyperparathyroidism in the elderly. AB - Primary hyperparathyroidism seems to be increasing in incidence in elderly patients. Their symptoms are somewhat different from those encountered in younger patients, the most striking difference being the increase in the number of patients with mental changes. Twenty-nine patients, 23 women and 6 men, were treated at two community hospitals. Surgery was successful in all instances with no postoperative mortality and a low rate of complications. When properly evaluated, elderly patients tolerate parathyroid exploration very satisfactorily. PMID- 7369469 TI - Marfan's syndrome and spontaneous pneumothorax. PMID- 7369472 TI - [Use of thermovision in assessing lactation]. PMID- 7369473 TI - [Dynamics of the serotonin content in the blood of puerperae with normal lactation and in hypogalactia]. PMID- 7369471 TI - [Regional circulatory characteristics in normal and deficient lactation]. PMID- 7369474 TI - [Treatment of hypogalactia with an extract of the betonica hedge nettle]. PMID- 7369470 TI - [Functional state of the epiphysis according to melatonin excretion data and the lactation function in puerperae]. PMID- 7369475 TI - [Ways and methods of preventing puerperal mastitis]. PMID- 7369476 TI - [Method of assessing the state of health of newborn infants at discharge from maternity homes]. PMID- 7369477 TI - [Blood redistribution during pregnancy]. PMID- 7369478 TI - [Nature of the changes in brain bioelectrical activity and in the cerebral hemodynamics during the course of pregnancy in primiparae]. PMID- 7369479 TI - [Aspects of modern maternal consultation activities]. PMID- 7369480 TI - [Origin and prognosis of uterine hemorrhages during labor in late toxicosis]. PMID- 7369481 TI - [Experience of the differentiated management of labor complicated by primary atony of uterine contractile activity]. PMID- 7369482 TI - [Effect of neuroleptanalgesia on metabolic processes in the mother, fetus and newborn]. PMID- 7369483 TI - [Serotonin content in the blood in threatened premature labor]. PMID- 7369484 TI - [Puerperal obesity (clinical and therapeutic characteristics)]. PMID- 7369485 TI - [Use of electroanalgesia on women in the puerperal period]. PMID- 7369487 TI - [Acupuncture in treating early pregnancy toxicoses]. PMID- 7369488 TI - [State of the urinary system in uterine and vaginal ptosis and prolapse]. PMID- 7369486 TI - [Permeability of the placental barrier for labelled partusisten]. PMID- 7369489 TI - [Single-stage combined colpopoiesis in the case of a functioning uterus]. PMID- 7369490 TI - [Preliminary period: diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7369491 TI - [Modern methods of drug anesthesia of labor]. PMID- 7369496 TI - Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to fractions of birch pollen extract. AB - IgE and IgG antibodies (ab) and lymphocyte transformation (LT) were studied in untreated and hyposensitized birch pollen allergic subjects and in non-atopic controls using whole extract and fractions obtained by gel filtration of birch pollen extract. All the allergic subjects had positive IgE ab, IgG ab and LT responses to the whole extract. Both the untreated and the hyposensitized subjects had peak IgE ab and LT responses against the allergenic fractions of the extract, while negative responses were obtained in the non-atopic controls. Only hyposensitized subjects had developed high IgG ab responses to the allergenic fractions. Most of the treated and untreated subjects showed IgG ab and LT responses to the high molecular weight fractions with low allergenic activity. Significantly higher IgE ab responses to these fractions were observed in the treated subjects than in the untreated ones, indicating potentiation of IgE ab responses against some antigens during immunotherapy. Some of the allergic subjects also responded to the fractions of low molecular size (mol. wt. 2000 5000) with low allergenic activity. Both IgE ab, IgG ab and LT responses to these fractions were observed. PMID- 7369494 TI - Influence of the pollen season on immediate skin test reactivity to common allergens. AB - We studied the reproducibility of skin prick test reactions and tested 65 young men, picked from a population survey, in spring and fall. We used 16 extracts from two manufacturers with 12 common allergens. The extracts employed on both occasions were from the same allergen batches and the testing procedure was the same. Four subjects who reacted negatively in spring turned positive when re tested in fall; the opposite happened to one subject. The result remained positive or negative on both occasions in 92%. The best reproducibility (96%) was obtained by pollens. The reactivity against tree and grass pollens was higher in fall than in spring; this is obviously a result of the immunologic stimuli induced by exposure to pollens during the season. The reactions caused by animal danders and house dust were, however, smaller in fall than in spring. This is believed to be due to young people being less exposed to indoor dust in summer. The immediate skin test reactivity is influenced by several factors; we would like to add one: the time of year when the test is applied. The reproducibility of skin prick test results is quite satifactory when the problem is approached as presented here. PMID- 7369493 TI - [Prostaglandin inhibitors and their use in the obstetrical and gynecological clinic]. PMID- 7369492 TI - [Drug substances and mutagenesis]. PMID- 7369495 TI - Metabolism of 14C-histamine given intrabronchially to asthmatic patients. AB - 14C-histamine was administered intrabronchially to asthmatic patients and controls. The urinary excretion of total radioactivity, 14C-histamine and its radioactive metabolites was measured. It was found that the excretion of total radioactivity was complete within 24 h. The excretion rate was equal to that observed after intravenous injection of 14C-histamine, indicating a rapid penetration of the bronchial mucosa. However, the diuresis seemed to be of importance for the excretion rate. Histamine inactivation by methylation was more pronounced after intrabronchial than after intravenous administration. PMID- 7369497 TI - Antigen-induced bronchial anaphylaxis in actively sensitized guinea-pigs. Pattern of response in relation to immunization regimen. AB - This work studies the temporal development of the acute anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs sensitized to ovalbumin by different regimens, including IgE-antibody promoting ones. The results show that guinea-pigs sensitized with low amounts (1-10 micrograms) of ovalbumin together with alum produce the most pronounced bronchospasm when challenged with an intravenous injection of a low dose of antigen. Examination of the antibody classes by PCA technique shows that guinea-pigs sensitized with small amounts of antigen together with alum produced IgE and IgG1 antibodies. However, in sera from animals immunized with large amounts of antigen, only IgG1 antibodies could be detected. PMID- 7369498 TI - Hyperinnervation of arrested granule cells produced by the transplantation of monoamine-containing neurons into the fourth ventricle of rat. PMID- 7369499 TI - Patterns of proliferation in the hypophysis of the mouse embryo. A quantitative autoradiographic study. PMID- 7369500 TI - The development and ultrastructure of previously dissociated embryonic chick corpus striatum cultured on feeder layers of liver cells. AB - Embryonic chick corpus striatum neurons were dissociated and maintained on liver feeder layers in culture. Although some large dark-cored vesicles were present in many nerve processes and presynaptic boutons they were substantially less numerous than chick spinal cord neurons grown under identical conditions. Paraformaldehyde-induced fluorescence, although observed in a few culture batches in aggregates of corpus striatum neurons, was otherwise absent and no decisive evidence was obtained to suggest that fluorescent corpus striatum neurons were commonly developed on liver feeder layers in culture. Microtubules filled most cell bodies and nerve processes, and extended well into synaptic boutons often approaching the active zones. They were much more abundant in cultures of corpus striatum than in comparable spinal cord preparations and formed the principal organelle of many nerve fibres. These differences between chick spinal cord and corpus striatum neurons are both interesting and difficult to interpret. It is possible that fewer appropriate cholinergic neurons are available for transformation into adrenergic neurons within the corpus striatum, and that excessive numbers of dark-cored vesicles indicate only a greatly increased rate of acetylcholine production and storage. PMID- 7369501 TI - Transmission electron microscopy of mouse blastocysts activated and growth arrested in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7369505 TI - The basic scientist in a department of anesthesia. PMID- 7369503 TI - Synaptic ribbons in the pineal system of normal and light deprived golden hamsters. AB - Synaptic ribbons were studied in the pineal system of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) under various conditions of light deprivation. Five weeks of constant darkness led to an increase in the number of synaptic ribbons in both the superficial and the deep part of the organ, and after ten weeks a further increase was observed. In animals returned to normal lighting conditions for one week, after ten weeks of constant darkness, a marked decrease was recorded and five weeks after termination of light deprivation the number of synaptic ribbons was slightly below the normal level. In addition to long rod-shaped ribbons, atypically formed aggregations of electron dense material appear in the synaptic ribbon fields of light-deprived hamsters; dense core vesicles were observed in the vicinity of the ribbons with particular frequency. It is assumed that the topographical relationship between dense core vesicles and synaptic ribbons is of functional significance in relation to the regulation of pineal antigonadal activity. PMID- 7369504 TI - Fusion of nasal swellings in the mouse embryo. DNA synthesis and histological features. PMID- 7369502 TI - The ansa cervicalis and the infrahyoid muscles of the rat. II. Motor and sensory neurons. AB - Perikarya of motoneurons and spinal ganglion cells attributed to infrahyoid muscle nerves of the rat were labelled by retrogradely transported horseradish peroxidase (HRP). For the differentiation of motor and sensory axons cross sections of the nerves were stained for acetylcholinesterase. Numbers and diameter distributions of perikarya and myelinated axons were determined. Motoneuronal perikarya innervating the infrahyoid muscles are located from the transition zone brain stem/spinal cord to the segment C 3. They are found mostly in the medial part of the Rexed laminae VII and VIII at the level of C 1 and C 2 and more ventrolaterally in C 3 and are therefore located to a large extent in areas until now not recognized to contain motoneurons. Our results provide evidence for a somatotopic organization of the motoneurons in the upper cervical spinal cord. The diameter distributions of motoneuronal perikarya and axons are in most cases bimodal, the two modes corresponding to alpha- and gamma motoneurons. In relation to the diameters of their perikarya alpha-axons are significantly thicker than gamma-axons. In contrast to the motoneurons no clear correlation could be established between the sizes of perikarya of spinal ganglion cells and their peripheral processes. PMID- 7369506 TI - Pancuronium, d-tubocurarine, and epinephrine-induced arrhythmias during halothane anesthesia in dogs. AB - The authors studied the effects of pancuronium, 14--200 micrograms/kg, on epinephrine-induced arrhythmias (premature ventricular contractions) in dogs anesthetized with halothane, 1.4 MAC. Neither muscle relaxant significantly affected the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine. This finding indicates that the usual guidelines for the administration of epinephrine during halothane anesthesia are not affected by concomitant administration of the two nondepolarizing muscle relaxants studied. PMID- 7369507 TI - Cyanide antidotes and methods of their administration in dogs: a comparative study. AB - To test the efficacies of various antidotes to cyanide (CN) poisoning, the lethal dose of cyanide in dogs was estimated during constant infusion of potassium cyanide at a rate of 0.1 mg/kg/min. Additionally, arterial blood pressure, right ventricular pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram, blood-gas and pH values, and whole blood and tissue CN concentrations were measured. The lethal dose in animals whose lungs were ventilated with room air was 2.4 +/- .2 mg/kg (mean +/- SE), while the whole-blood CN concentration was 438 +/- 40 micrograms/dl and the gracilis muscle concentration was 2.0 +/- .3 micrograms/100 g. A low dose of vitamin B12a (100 mg/kg), an infusion of thiosulfate (12 mg/kg/h), or ventilation with 100 per cent O2 increased the amount of CN needed to cause death. A bolus injection of nitrite (5 mg/kg), thiosulfate (150 mg/kg), or cysteine (450 mg/kg) increased the the protection from lethality even further. Protection against CN administration for the total 150-min period of observation was provided by a bolus injection plus a constant infusion of nitrite (5 mg/kg bolus plus 5 mg/kg/h). thiosulfate (30 mg/kg bolus plus 60 mg/kg/h), or vitamin B12a (50 mg/kg bolus plus 100 mg/kg/h). However, nitrite infusion produced high levels of methemoglobin 7.2 +/- 1.1 g/dl, while vitamin B12a infusion and cysteine injection, at the stated doses, did not prevent cyanide-induced circulatory failure. Therefore, thiosulfate appears to be the most effective and safest prophylactic agent against cyanide toxicity in dogs. PMID- 7369508 TI - Cerebral metabolic effects of naloxone administered with anesthetic and subanesthetic concentrations of halothane in the dog. AB - An abrupt significant increase in cerebral oxygen consumption when narcotic anesthesis is reversed by a narcotic antagonist has been reported. Since naloxone has also been reported partially to reverse nonnarcotic anesthesia, a similar effect might be expected were maloxone admininistered during exposure to inhalational anesthetics. To determine whether such a cerebral response should occur, naloxone, 1 and 10 mg/kg, was administered to eight dogs receiving an anesthetic concentration of halothane (0.87 per cent) or a subanesthetic concentration (0.3 per cent). Both naloxone doses failed to alter cerebral oxygen consumption at either halothane concentration. A transient EEG "reversal" was observed only after naloxone, 10 mg/kg, in animals breathing halothane, 0.87 per cent. These results would argue against any appreciable reversal of halothane anesthesia by naloxone. A significant increase in mean arterial blood pressure of 12 to 16 per cent followed naloxone administration at each condition. This is consistent with a previous report that interaction with specific receptors near the cardiovascular control center is responsible for this effect of naloxone. PMID- 7369509 TI - Baroreflex control of heart rate in man awake and during enflurane and enflurane- nitrous oxide anesthesia. AB - Baroreflex control of heart rate was assessed by means of a pressor test in two groups of subjects while awake and at two levels of anesthesia with enflurane (Group I) and enflurane-nitrous oxide (Group II). In the awake control situation, calculated mean slopes (+/- SD) were 23 +/- 8 (Group I) and 25 +/- 11 (Group II). There was no significant difference between the groups. During enflurane anesthesia (Group I) mean slopes were significantly depressed to 5 +/- 5 at 1 MAC and 6 +/- 6 at 0.8 MAC. During enflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia (Group II), slopes were significantly depressed to 5 +/- 3 at 1 MAC and 6 +/- 4 at 0.9 MAC. There was no significant difference between the extents of depression in the two groups. It is concluded that both enflurane anesthesia and enflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia at 1 MAC produce significant depression of baroreflex control of heart rate in man. PMID- 7369510 TI - The detrimental effects of prolonged hypothermia and rewarming in the dog. AB - The authors had previously observed a deleterious cerebrovascular effect of prolonged hypothermia in primates and cats. In this study they examined the systemic as well as cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic effects of 24 hours of hypothermia in the dog. With decreases in temperature to 29 C, cardiac output (Q) and whole-body oxygen consumption (VO2) initially decreased 52 and 42 per cent, respectively. Thereafter, despite a stable temperature, both Q and VO2 continued to decrease, and at 24 hours values were 7 and 28 per cent of control, respectively, Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral oxygen consumption responded similarly. At 24 hours inhomogeneous perfusion of both brain and skeletal muscle was observed. With rewarming, cardiovascular collapse with severe tissue hypoxia and acidosis developed; CBF became grossly inadequate, resulting in depletion of brain energy stores. PMID- 7369511 TI - Assessment of unilateral lung function. PMID- 7369512 TI - Waste anesthetic gases and the regulatory agencies. PMID- 7369513 TI - Reduction of postoperative sore throat with new endotracheal tube cuffs. PMID- 7369514 TI - Epidural anesthesia for labor and delivery of twins of a paraplegic mother. PMID- 7369515 TI - Anesthesia for Cesarean section in achondroplastic dwarfs. PMID- 7369516 TI - Anesthetic considerations for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. PMID- 7369517 TI - Subdural pneumocephalus resulting from drainage of cerebrospinal fluid during craniotomy. PMID- 7369518 TI - Hemodynamic effects of prosthesis insertion during knee replacement without tourniquet. PMID- 7369519 TI - Failure of divided doses of succinylcholine to reduce the incidence of muscle pains. PMID- 7369521 TI - An effective low-cost scavenging system. PMID- 7369522 TI - Occurrence of hypercarbia due to an unusual failure of anesthetic equipment. PMID- 7369520 TI - Endotracheal tube obstruction by nitrous oxide. PMID- 7369523 TI - Incompatibility of a new pediatric endotracheal tube with existing fittings. PMID- 7369524 TI - Mortality rates and exposure to anesthetics. PMID- 7369525 TI - Aspirin and catheter size. PMID- 7369526 TI - Anesthetic mortality. PMID- 7369527 TI - Valve simplifies pressure monitoring from triple-lumen pulmonary-artery catheters. PMID- 7369528 TI - Hazard of disposable diaphragm domes. PMID- 7369529 TI - Methodology for studying cerebral evoked potentials challenged. PMID- 7369530 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma: review with discussion of 2 cases]. PMID- 7369533 TI - A double-blind placebo controlled crossover study in patients with peripheral vascular diseases, using a new capillary viscometer. PMID- 7369534 TI - Fibrositic myofascial pain in intermittent claudication: significance of trigger areas in the calf. AB - To test the hypothesis of a myofascial component in intermittent claudication, 56 male patients were studied. Calf blood flow, at rest and during postischemic and postexercise hyperemia, presence of trigger areas, and exercise tolerance were evaluated and compared. The results can be summarized as follows: The exercise tolerance is reduced when trigger areas are present in the calf muscles, and the more severe the trigger areas, the lower is the exercise tolerance. Trigger areas are more severe when the hyperemic flow is more reduced. The peak flow of reactive hyperemia is also correlated to work load. Pain in intermittent claudication is a complex phenomenon. According to the aforesaid results, the severity of limb ischemia and the presence of trigger areas in the calf appear to be the major factors. Besides the two reasons already known, a third is suggested to explain calf claudication: the elective location of trigger points in the gastrocnemius muscle. PMID- 7369531 TI - [Traumatism of the lymphatic system in surgery]. PMID- 7369535 TI - Digital blood pressure and arteriographic findings under selective compression of the radial and ulnar arteries. AB - In 50 normal subjects and in 45 limbs of 30 patients with obliterative arterial diseases of the extremities, digital blood pressure and arteriographic findings were observed during selective compression of the radial and ulnar arteries at the wrist. Determination of blood pressure in all fingers during arterial compression is useful for functional and quantitative evaluation of blood supply of the radial and ulnar arteries to the hand. Moreover, by this technique it may be possible to predict the risk of development of digital ischemia after radial artery cannulation and construction of an arteriovenous shunt. Arteriography during arterial compression is especially useful in patients with occlusion of the ulnar artery, in order to visualize accurately the site, size, and pattern of the obliteration and the degree of development of collateral circulation in the ulnar site. PMID- 7369532 TI - [Evaluation of results of the acute arterial obliteration syndrome]. PMID- 7369536 TI - Exercise tests in patients with severe angina pectoris: an angiographic correlation. AB - Graded submaximal ergometric tests were peformed on 60 patients who suffered from clinically severe angina pectoris, and the results were correlated with their coronary angiograms. The test was positive in 44, negative in 9, and undetermined in 7 patients (defined as failure to reach the target heart rate without ischemic ST changes). Among patients with positive tests, 42 (95%) had obstruction of one to three coronary vessels. Among patients with negative tests, only 3 had significant coronary disease (sensitivity 93%). While all patients suffered clinically from severe "angina pectoris," 8 (15%) had insignificant CAD, and among them 6 had a negative and 2 a false-positive exercise response (specificity 75%). Although ST depression was a good indicator of CAD, its degree did not parallel the severity of the lesions. The peak heart rate on exercise of patients with ischemic ST changes was lower than their target heart rate, suggesting that the heart rate at which ST changes occur constitutes in itself a good indicator of severity. Among the 7 patients with undetermined tests, CAD was found in 6. In these patients the absence of ST changes may be ascribed to extensive myocardial fibrosis, and the only clue to CAD resides in the negative chronotropic response to exercise. Although exercise testing does not always distinguish between normal and CAD patients, it nevertheless constitutes a valuable noninvasive technique for the detection of the high-risk patients. PMID- 7369539 TI - Exercise hyperemia for the study of peripheral circulation. AB - Blood flow in the calf was measured during postexercise hyperemia in normal subjects and in PAD patients by means of a foot ergometer that gives direct reading of the work performed. In normals, first and peak flow increased with the rise of work load up to 100 KGM. The duration of hyperemia increased with a work load of 30 to 200 KGM. In PAD patients, first flow did not coincide with peak flow. Peak flow was lower and delayed, and the duration of hyperemia was more prolonged than in normal subjects. In patients with intermittent claudication, first flow, peak flow, and work load were higher than in patients with rest pain or impending gangrene. Exercise hyperemia appears as a useful test for screening normal limbs from those with arterial obstruction. Since in PAD patients exercise is interrupted when muscular pain appears, it is evident that the earlier the arrest of work and the appearance of pain, the greater is the involvement in the arterial tree of the leg. Therefore the exercise hyperemia test can be used also as a means of evaluating the different stages of PAD. PMID- 7369538 TI - Influence of histamine on transcapillary protein and fluid movement in several vascular beds. PMID- 7369537 TI - Serum enzyme changes after cardiac catheterization and angiographic procedures. PMID- 7369540 TI - Measurement of blood flow in peripheral muscles using Xe133. PMID- 7369541 TI - Microvascular bypass for stroke: review of 203 patients. PMID- 7369542 TI - T-wave changes with intermittent left bundle branch block. AB - A 70-year-old woman was found to have an intermittent left bundle branch block. When her electrocardiogram showed normal conduction, T-wave inversions in leads V1-V3 appeared. These alterations suggested an anteroseptal infarction. However, the patient was asymptomatic, and the serum enzymes, technetium 99m pyrophosphate scan, and the thalium 201 scan were all negative. Thus the LBBB itself can produce T-wave in versions in the right precordial leads during the normal conduction phase which may simulate an acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7369543 TI - Edema of the lower extremities secondary to obstructive sarcoidosis. AB - Lower extremity edema is an unusual presentation of sarcoid. In this patient the diagnosis was established via lymphangiography and operative biopsy. Like the other manifestations of the disease, leg edema seems to respond to steroid therapy. PMID- 7369544 TI - Physiologic false-positive Doppler study for venous thromboembolic disease. PMID- 7369546 TI - The influence of limb elevation, examination technique, and outflow system design on venous plethysmography. AB - The effect of limb elevation and the design of the thigh cuff outflow system on venous capacitance and venous outflow, as determined by strain gauge plethysmography, was reviewed in a group of normal limbs without evidence of deep venous thrombosis. We improved the reliability of plethysmography in evaluating venous outflow, particularly in the early period after cuff deflation, by using uniform leg elevation, large diameter outflow tubing, and single rather than simultaneous limb examinations. Based on this experience, an optimum technique of examination emphasizing precise limb elevation, sequential limb examination and proper design of the cuff outflow system was used to evaluate 21 patients with acute venous thrombosis. The results obtained were compared with previously reported results of strain gauge plethysmography in patients with acute venous thrombosis. This technique significantly reduced the incidence of false-positive results. PMID- 7369545 TI - Angiographic evaluation of vascular changes in ulcerative colitis. AB - Selective superior and inferior mesenteric angiography was carried out in 25 patients with ulcerative colitis. Vascular changes in angiography were compared with the clinical features of the patients. There was no correlation between vascular changes in angiography and the duration of illness or the extent of involvement. The vascular changes of large vessels, such as increased diameter of the inferior mesenteric artery, had better correlation with the severity or the activity of illness. However, we found that in some cases microcirculatory changes of small vessels of the intestinal wall, such as the findings of capillary brush or loss of normal tapering of vasa recta, still remain in remission of this disease. We assume that this microcirculatory disturbance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7369548 TI - Leg arterial insufficiency in patients with significant coronary artery disease. PMID- 7369547 TI - Blood flow measurement in patients with intermittent claudication. AB - Modified isotope clearance tests for the objective investigation of intermittent claudication of the lower limb were performed in 14 normal subjects with clinically patent arteries and 9 patients with calf claudication and arteriographically confirmed peripheral vascular occlusion. The tests involved a standard exercise performed in the supine position. During rest periods the limb under test was subjected to simultaneous venous occlusion plethysmography. In the patients with intermittent claudication, results were abnormal when compared with those of the normal group. The modified testing procedure described gave discriminatory results for each group. Their usefulness in monitoring disease progression, treatment benefit, and patient selection for surgery is discussed. PMID- 7369549 TI - Reactive hyperemia in patients with intermittent claudication, and correlation with other diagnostic methods. AB - The value of blood flow measurements was evaluated in 16 patients with intermittent claudication and in 17 healthy sex and age-matched volunteers. Limb volume was recorded with an ECG-triggered venous occlusion plethysmograph (Periflow, Janssen), and the flow values were automatically plotted on a second channel. Resting blood flow was similar in both groups, but all the parameters from the reactive hyperemia curve in the claudication group were significantly different from those in the control group. The present data are preliminary in this respect. In most patients visual inspection of the curve allows differentiation of normal and abnormal. Variability of the flow parameters is found to be small; the time-to-peak flow varies the most, but gives at the same time the largest different results in both groups. Finally, there is a positive correlation between resting blood flow, peak blood flow, and walking distance. The present results suggest that flow measurements provide valuable and objective information about the degree of functional distress caused by obliterative vascular diseases in the limbs. PMID- 7369550 TI - Mitral valve prolapse: whiplike motion of the posterior mitral leaflet detected by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - Thirty-four patients with symptoms suggesting mitral valve prolapse were evaluated by M-mode echocardiography, real time, two-dimensional, phase array echocardiography, and cardiac catheterization. Ten of these patients had unequivocal evidence of mitral valve prolapse during cardiac catheterization. This diagnosis was established initially by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic techniques. A characteristic "whiplike" motion of the posterior mitral leaflet was seen in 7 patients. The posterior mitral leaflet was moving successively toward the left atrium and left ventricle during the cardiac cycle. Arching of one or both mitral leaflets was also seen in patients with mitral valve prolapse during two-dimensional echocardiography. Two-dimensional echocardiography significantly enhances the mitral valve prolapse evaluation, but further experience and better techniques are necessary to explain many of the signs associated with this abnormality. PMID- 7369551 TI - Treatment of ischemic ulcers of the lower extremities. AB - A total of 102 cases of ischemic ulcers, some with superficial gangrene and infection, were treated in a conservative manner, including debridement when indicated. Results with the outline of care described were very encouraging, with a limb salvage rate of over 90%. It should be stressed that diligent observation and care of the patient being treated is essential. PMID- 7369552 TI - Comparison of two dosage schedules of sustained release theophylline in pediatric patients. AB - A sustained release theophylline preparation, administered on a q8h or q12h schedule, was evaluated in 12 severly asthmatic children. Total 24-hour theophylline dosage and peak theophylline levels were significantly higher during the q12h dosage schedule. Trough theophylline levels were similar with the two schedules. Four subjects on the q12h schedule had peak theophylline levels greater than 20 mcg/ml. Pulmonary functions, including FEV1 and MMEF, and the clinical stability of the patients were similar with the two regiments. Other than the higher peak theophylline levels that occurred with the q12h dosing schedule, there were no apparent differences noted between the dosage schedules. PMID- 7369553 TI - Influence of histamine controls on skin tests with hymenoptera venom. AB - Fifty patients were skin tested to hymenoptera venom because of histories of systemic anaphylaxis to a sting. Ten percent had false positive skin tests when a histamine control was placed on the same extremity concomitantly. PMID- 7369554 TI - A simple office spirometer for the pediatrician. AB - A comparative study of a new, simple, pneumatic, direct-recording office spirometer versus a long-accepted, water-sealed, water-filled spirometer was performed on 103 patients ranging from four to 20 years of age. Good correlation between the two spirometers was seen through a wide range of values for forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow during 25% to 75% of forced vital capacity and FEV1/FVC. PMID- 7369557 TI - Epinephrine in acute asthma therapy. PMID- 7369556 TI - Airborne fungi in the air of Barcelona, Spain. IV. Studies of the spore content of air in dwellings. AB - This paper summarizes the first results of a mycological survey on the spore content of the air in and outside of homes in Barcelona, Spain, including the records of several genera of microfungi isolated during a 15-month study period. PMID- 7369555 TI - Middle lobe syndrome secondary to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. PMID- 7369558 TI - Ruminations on an atavism. PMID- 7369559 TI - Presidential address: reflections and observations of a president. PMID- 7369560 TI - The use of mixed venous blood gas determinations in traumatic shock. AB - A series of 10 seriously injured patients requiring resuscitation and definitive operative control of hemorrhage was studied. Simultaneous arterial and mixed venous blood gases were measured sequentially throughout the resuscitative and operative periods. Improvement of the mixed venous oxygen saturation was associated with survival. In this study, mixed venous oxygen saturations were valuable predictors of survival and were a helpful parameter to monitor during the resuscitative, operative, and immediate postoperative periods. PMID- 7369561 TI - Knowledge and skill retention of emergency care attendants, EMT-As, and EMT-Ps. AB - The retention of knowledge and skill proficiency was evaluated for emergency care attendants (ECAs), emergency medical technicians (EMT-As) and paramedics (EMT Ps). The sample represented 4.1% of the total number of individuals trained and certified in these positions in Texas. The average loss of didactic knowledge did not exceed 10% over a two-year period. After two years the ECAs had lost approximately 55%, EMT-As 50%, and EMT-Ps 61% of the their basic skills proficiency. Retention of knowledge and skill appears to be directly related to frequency of use. Participants in continuing education programs experienced an 11% better retention average for skill than did nonparticipants. The employees of privately operated ambulance services retained their basic skills better than did members of other types of services. The rate of knowledge deterioration for the sample evaluated was not correlated (R = 0.08) to the original written score. PMID- 7369562 TI - Peritoneal lavage in abdominal trauma: a prospective study comparing the peritoneal dialysis catheter with the intracatheter. AB - The accuracy of peritoneal lavage in identifying significant intra-abdominal injury using a peritoneal dialysis catheter approaches 96%. The intracatheter, however, has frequently been substituted in the procedure with expectations of equal reliability. Our randomized prospective study compared the efficacy, accuracy, and safety of these two catheters. Although the complication rate was insignificant in both groups, the intracatheter was associated with technical difficulties in 46% of the patients compared to a rate of only 9% when the dialysis catheter was employed. PMID- 7369563 TI - Hypertension: spectrum of problems and guidelines for management. AB - Hypertensive patients may present to the emergency department with one of three general problems: high blood pressure due to labile hypertension, chronic hypertension, accelerated hypertension, or a hypertensive emergency; side effects from antihypertensive drugs; or acute medical or surgical illness whose management may be affected by hypertension or by drugs taken for hypertension. We describe these problems and recommend an approach to each that is appropriate in the emergency department. PMID- 7369564 TI - An advanced emergency medical care system at National Football League games. AB - An ongoing emergency medical care system involving paramedics and physicians at National Football League games is described. Medical converage was provided from three manned first aid stations in the stadium. During the 1978 football season 298 patients were seen by the medical team. Of those, 35 (11.75%) were sent to area hospitals. Two patients who sustained cardiac arrest were successfully resuscitated and eventually discharged home. There appeared to be a direct relationship between the recorded temperature during the game and the number of patients evaluated. PMID- 7369565 TI - Victim-tracking cards in a community disaster drill. AB - During a disaster drill at Detroit-Wayne County Metropolitan Airport in September 1978, an attempt was made to evaluate the effectiveness of triage by tracing the routes of "victims" using a system of tracking cards. The cards were placed with the victims during make-up and collected at the receiving treatment facility. The system, despite several problems encountered in its use, provided an accurate method for evaluating the manner in which "victims" were handled during the "rescue" effort. PMID- 7369567 TI - Soft tissue intranasal foreign bodies. AB - Soft tissue intranasal foreign bodies usually present as a well-defined syndrome in children 1 1/2 to 3 years of age who develop a chronic unilateral, purulent, fetid, unexplained rhinorrhea because the foreign material is not discovered in the nose on routine examination. Four cases are presented to document for the first time the anatomic location of soft tissue intranasal foreign bodies which become lodged in the anterior-superior aspect of the nasal cavity between the anterior edge of the middle turbinate and the bridge of the nose. No recurrence has been noted following removal of this material with the hemostat advanced superiorly inside the anterior border of the nose. One case with persistent rhinorrhea developed pneumonia and generalized body odor. PMID- 7369566 TI - A photographic system for the emergency department. AB - Photography is a rapid, relatively simple, and inexpensive means of documenting patient care and enhancing medical education. Because of its use in medical records, photography affords the physician added defense against claims of medical malpractice. The emergency physician should have ready access to a photographic system as well as a basic knowledge of camera operation, filming procedures, picture composition, and medico-legal implications. These topics are discussed and specific recommendations are offered concerning the purchase of essential photographic equipment. PMID- 7369568 TI - Traumatic pneumomediastinum resulting from facial trauma. AB - Pneumomediastinum is an uncommon complication of blunt or penetrating trauma to the head, neck, thorax, or abdomen. Air in the mediastinum can indicate a serious penetrating injury but may also represent a benign finding associated with relatively insignificant neck or facial trauma. We present a case demonstrating the correlation between facial trauma and pneumomediastinum. Echocardiographic and phonocardiographic data are offered as adjuncts in the diagnosis, and were utilized by us. Treatment is directed toward the factors responsible for leakage of air. Only in the rare instance of tension pneumomediastinum are invasive procedures warranted. Our patient, who was treated only with antibiotics, improved. PMID- 7369569 TI - Guidelines for undergraduate education in emergency medicine. PMID- 7369571 TI - Emergency department skull radiography. PMID- 7369570 TI - Treatment of drug-induced hypoglycemia. PMID- 7369573 TI - Emergency department skull radiography. PMID- 7369572 TI - Emergency department skull radiography. PMID- 7369576 TI - Modified small group ACLS instructor/provider course. AB - We describe a modification of an instructor/provider advanced cardiac life support course which allows not only the teaching of large numbers of ACLS providers but also the concurrent development of enough instructors to ensure an adequate number of trained faculty for teaching the increasing number of ACLS courses. In addition, the method described allows those with small numbers of ACLS providers to develop a core faculty. PMID- 7369575 TI - A general EMS curriculum for residency training. AB - The increasing emphasis on the emergency physician's role in the community led us to investigate the role of residency training programs in providing more than clinical competence to their graduates. Using guidelines provided by the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals, the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, and program alumni, we set about to determine methods of enhancing the EMS and administrative aspects of the residency program at Charity Hospital. We describe the curriculum that was developed. PMID- 7369574 TI - First time major motor seizures in an emergency department. AB - A five-year retrospective study was conducted to review 91 emergency patients with first time major motor seizures who were hospitalized. Patients were reviewed with regard to etiology of seizures, evaluation, and hospital course. Our objectives were to compare admission and discharge diagnoses, to establish a screening survey which might determine the need for immediate admission, and to evaluate the sensitivity of tests used in diagnostic evaluation. The emergency department diagnosis was in agreement with the discharge diagnosis in 89% of cases. A screening system included a history, physical examination, urinalysis, complete blood cell count, electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, electrocardiogram, and arterial blood gases more than one hour post-seizure. When applied to the cases, it distinguished need for admission in 90 of 91 patients. Skull radiographs, electroencephalograms, CAT scans, brain scans, and lumbar punctures were helpful in making a specific diagnosis, but not in determining the need for immediate admission. PMID- 7369577 TI - Acute infectious supraglottitis in adults. AB - We report two cases of acute infectious supraglottitis in adults seen recently in our emergency department. The recent literature appropriate to the diagnosis and treatment of the entity is reviewed. In each of our cases the diagnosis was established with indirect laryngoscopy in the emergency department and appropriate therapy instituted without delay. Supraglottitis in adults is increasing in prevalence and emergency physicians must be familiar with the diagnosis and early management of such patients. PMID- 7369578 TI - Primary surgical repair of the fractured penis. AB - Two cases of fracture of the penis occurring during intercourse were treated with immediate surgical exploration and primary repair. Functional recovery was excellent. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment are reviewed. Although not common, penile fracture is an entity which may be seen and must be recognized in the emergency department. PMID- 7369579 TI - Emergency gastrotomy for acute iron poisoning. AB - A 15-month-old girl who ingested an estimated 80 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg of elemental iron was treated in the emergency department for acute iron poisoning. Attempts to evacuate the stomach using emesis and gastric lavage were ineffective. Abdominal radiographs confirmed the presence of large, iron-containing aggregates in the stomach. An emergency gastrotomy was required to remove this potentially lethal dose of iron. During surgery the iron was noted to be embedded in the gastric mucosa, explaining its previous resistance to conventional stomach emptying methods. PMID- 7369580 TI - Tracheobronchial disruption: delayed diagnosis. AB - Traumatic rupture of the tracheobronchial tree is an increasingly occurring complication of blunt chest trauma. Early detection and surgical repair are important for definitive and successful reconstruction. Bronchoscopy is the most reliable diagnostic procedure. Use of a rigid bronchoscope is difficult and traumatic to the patient, and the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope, with its greater technical simplicity, is more easily applied. We report the case of a patient who suffered bronchial stenosis and total atelectasis before discovery of a fracture was made. PMID- 7369581 TI - Medical hazards of the water skiing douche. AB - Many injuries can result from water skiing accidents, but the water skiing "douche" is unique to this sport. Although generally causing only discomfort, significant trauma can result from the forceful entry of water into the various body orifices. A case of otitis media attributed to this phenomenon is described. The hazards of vaginal and rectal laceration, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess with resultant infertility, induced abortion, and associated complications are reviewed. In addition to sinusitis, otitis media and tympanic membrane rupture, other potential upper airway and auditory complications are enumerated. PMID- 7369584 TI - Board certification examination. PMID- 7369582 TI - A new airway for tracheal or esophageal insertion: description and field experience. AB - A tracheal-esophageal airway for field or hospital use is described. The airway consists of a clear plastic mask and endotracheal low pressure cuffed tube with a Murphy tip. It is designed to function equally well whether the endotracheal tube portion of the airway is inserted into the trachea or esophagus. The endotracheal tube is attached to the mask by a tubular coupler and easily disconnected by removing a metal clip in the event of tracheal insertion of the tube. Our four year experience with the tracheal-esophageal airway in 400 cardiac arrests has shown it to be safe, simple, and useful. PMID- 7369586 TI - Pneumomediastinum following the Heimlich maneuver. PMID- 7369585 TI - Simulated dystonia. PMID- 7369588 TI - Use of lidocaine for myocardial infarction. PMID- 7369583 TI - Board certification examination. PMID- 7369587 TI - Cardiovascular complications of tricyclic antidepressant overdose. PMID- 7369589 TI - Observations on the histogenesis of bovine ruminal papillae. AB - Changes in numbers of epithelial and connective tissue cells, thickness of connective tissue, and height and diameter of papillae were quantitated in fetal and postnatal bovine ruminal mucosa. During fetal development, the height of papillae and number of fibroblasts increased, the diameter of papillary base and thickness of subpapillary and interpapillary connective tissue remained constant, and the numbers of basal and superficial cells of the epithelium decreased. During the first 2 months of postnatal development, the height of papillae and numbers of fibroblasts enclosed in the papillary core decreased, and the diameter of the papillary base and the interpapillary distance increased. In consequence, the increase in connective tissue, rather than its redistribution, was involved in papillary development. The epithelial reorganization appeared to follow the changes occurring in the connective tissue, at least during fetal development. PMID- 7369591 TI - Mucosal alterations in experimentally induced small intestinal strangulation obstruction in ponies. AB - Small intestinal strangulation obstruction (ISO) was produced in seven ponies (under pentobarbital-anesthesia) by arteriovenous ligation. Positive-pressure ventilation with room air was used to maintain arterial PCO2 at the initiation of the ISO. Biopsy materials obtained from affected intestines at various times were evaluated, using histopathologic examination and scanning electron microscopy. Mucosal and villus degeneration was graded 0 to V and compared with intestinal gross color, motility, and wall thickness. The mucosa at the tip of the villus was the first to be affected. Degeneration of mucosa continued from the villus tip to the base before villus lamina propria degeneration occurred. Degeneration of mucosa and lamina propria continued after the ligature was released, and evidence of reestablished perfusion and motility was seen. PMID- 7369590 TI - Chemoprophylaxis with diamfenetide against experimental infections of Fasciola hepatica in ruminants. AB - In limited trials against experimentally induced Fasciola hepatica infections, diamfenetide (N,N'-[oxybis(2,1-ethanediyloxy-4,1-phenylene)]bisacetamide) showed potential value for the prevention of acute fascioliasis in sheep and cattle. When given at a dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight, diamfenetide was 87% effective in preventing establishment of F hepatica infections in sheep that were given the drug daily for 14 days, and was 96% effective in sheep that were given the drug for 21 days. Infective cysts (4 doses of 150 each) were given by capsule at 2-day intervals during the first week of medication. In additional trials, initial single large doses (40 to 100 mg/kg of body weight) given in conjunction with small doses each day (5 to 40 mg/kg), did not augment chemoprophylactic action. Signs of toxicosis attributable to diamfenetide were not observed. The severity of hepatic lesions ascribable to F hepatica correlated well with the degree of fluke control achieved. Small doses of diamfenetide given each day were less effective in calves than in sheep. Nevertheless, when given at dosages of 30 mg/kg daily for 11 days, the drug was 89% effective in preventing the development of F hepatica infections in two calves which were given infective cysts (4 X 100) by capsule at 2-day intervals during the first week of medication. Small doses of diamfenetide given daily were effective in preventing the establishment of F hepatica infections in ruminants. PMID- 7369592 TI - Metrizamide myelography in the horse: clinical, radiographic, and pathologic changes. PMID- 7369593 TI - Radionuclide joint imaging: an ancillary technique in the diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia. AB - Radionuclide joint imaging has been adapted for use in the diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia. Studies were done on 29 growing Labrador Retriever pups between 3 months and 1.5 years of age and on two adult dogs. Initally, pelvic radiographs and joint images were done on pups 12 to 16 weeks of age and were repeated at 2 week intervals thereafter. 99mTechnetium methylene diphosphonate (99mTcMDP), an osteotrphic agent, was the radiopharmaceutical used for all imaging studies. Inteference due to 99mTcMDP accumulation in the urinary bladder was avoided by static abdominal pressure. In 19 of the 21 dogs identified as abnormal by pelvic radiography, a similar diagnosis based on joint imaging was made for a true positive ratio of 0.90. Eight of ten dogs were identified as normal by means of both procedures, for a true negative ratio of 0.80. The overall accuracy was 0.87. Joint imaging was thus shown to be of similar value as pelvic radiography in the diagnosis of hip dysplasia. Joint images, however, displayed information on bone metabolic activity that could not be determined by pelvic radiography. PMID- 7369594 TI - Ultrastructure of timed isolates of in vitro canine articular chondrocytes. AB - Articular chondrocytes were enzymatically isolated from the distal end of the adult canine femur. The digestion procedure was conducted for 2- or 6-hour intervals, using 0.25% trypsin and 0.25% collagenase. Cells grown from the 2-hour digestion procedure were polygonal to stellate, had large vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli, and exhibited contact inhibition at confluency. Cells grown in cultures from the 6-hour digestion procedure were fusiform, had prominent nuclei with numerous nucleoli, and lacked contact inhibition. Cell cultures established, using cells from both procedures, were examined using the transmission electron microscope. Ultrastructurally, an extensive granular endoplasmic reticulum, prominent golgi complexes, and numerous autophagic vacuoles characterized the 2-hour cell population. The fine structures of the cells grown from the 6-hour process were characterized by numerous cytoplasmic microfilaments randomly dispersed and marginated beneath the plasmalemma of the cells. An extensive dilated rough-endoplasmic reticular system was present. The chondrocytes described in the present study provided morphologic evidence of a heterogeneous cell population in adult canine articular cartilage. PMID- 7369595 TI - Acute response of pulmonary blood flow and right ventricular function to Dirofilaria immitis adults and microfilaria. AB - Pulmonary arterial pressures, right ventricular pressures, and right ventricular force of contraction (max dP/dt) were measured before and after the surgical addition of Dirofilaria immitis adults and microfilaria. Six adult anesthetized and heparinized dogs were studied during thoracotomy to compare these pressure measurements with left caudal pulmonary arterial flow. Diversion of pulmonary flow was performed to obtain incremental increases in pulmonary flow through the left caudal lobar artery and to increase right ventricular afterload. The addition of adult heartworm disease, microfilaria, or both did not produce either pulmonary arterial hypertension or increase right ventricular pressure and force of contraction. PMID- 7369596 TI - Ostertagia ostertagi infection and reinfection in cattle of different ages. AB - Twelve cattle, three per group, were each inoculated orally with 100,000 Ostertagia ostertagi infective larvae when they were 2 months, 4.5 months, 12 months, and 24 months-old, respectively. Signs of clinical parasitism did not develop through 30 days when the infections were terminated with an anthelmintic. The cattle were each reinoculated with 500,000 O ostertagi larvae 6 days later. Groups I to III then developed anorexia and diarrhea after 3 weeks. One calf, inoculated at 2 months of age, died 27 days after reinoculation; two calves became emaciated. Group IV calves did not develop clinical signs of parasitic disease. All cattle were necropsied 42 days after reinoculation. Pathologic lesions, characteristic of type I ostertagiasis, were found in cattle of all groups; lesions were most severe in group I and least severe in group IV calves. Groups II to IV averaged 56,397 to 65,817 worms, whereas group I averaged only 29,916 worms. Group I calves expelled the worms during a period of profuse diarrhea. Cattle from 2 to 24 months old were readily infected and reinfected experimentally with O ostertagi, but the oldest cattle were most resistant to the pathogenic effects of the parasites. PMID- 7369598 TI - Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: effects of vaccination on Moraxella bovis carrier state in cattle. AB - A study was conducted to determine whether vaccination of cattle while they were undergoing an acute episode of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), would cause vaccinated cattle to abort Moraxella bovis infection sooner than nonvaccinated cattle. Fourteen calves were allotted into two groups of seven calves each, and the eyes of each calf were exposed to a virulent culture of M bovis. Twenty days after calves were infected and showing signs of IBK, seven calves were vaccinated with M bovis pilus vaccine made from the exposure strain. Ocular and nasal discharges were collected and examined for M bovis for 64 days. Most calves developed signs of IBK after exposure and all but one calf (nonvaccinated) developed ocular infection with M bovis. The mean number of days (33 and 33.3, respectively) of ocular infection was not significantly (P = 0.05) different in the vaccinated calves than in the nonvaccinated calves. The eyes of the calf that did not become infected with M bovis were infected with nearly a pure culture of Escherichia coli. This calf failed to develop ocular infection, but had M bovis in its nasal discharge throughout the study (64 days). Moraxella bovis was isolated from the nasal discharge of other calves only when there were concurrent ocular infections. PMID- 7369597 TI - Effects of hexachlorethane on the milk yields of dairy cows in north Florida infected with Fasciola hepatica. AB - Hexachlorethane was evaluated as a fasciolicide in dairy cattle under field conditions. After treatment with hexachlorethane, Fasciola hepatica-infected cows had a significant (P = 0.05) average daily milk yield increase (90 to 120 days after treatment) of + 4.2 kg/day (+ 5.0 kg/day for single treatment and + 4.0 kg/day for double treatment) over daily yields of the previous lactation. Nontreated controls and noninfected treated animals did not have significant gains over yields of the previous lactation. A 73.0% efficacy was observed against egg production by F hepatica after a single treatment of 90 g of hexachlorethane/animal. After a 2- to 3-month interval, a second treatment produced a combined treatment efficacy against fluke egg production of 91.2%. PMID- 7369599 TI - Ultrastructure of Babesia equi in ponies treated with imidocarb. AB - Four splenectomized ponies were infected with Babesia equi. Two ponies were not treated, and two were treated with 5 mg of imidocarb/kg of body weight when 20% of their erythrocytes were parasitized. The nucleus of the parasite in erythrocytes from blood smears of nontreated ponies was roundish, deep red staining, and usually composed two-thirds of the organism. The parasite in erythrocytes from blood smears of treated ponies was swollen and vacuolated except for an area just beneath the plasma membrane where the compressed nucleus was marginated, elongated, and clumpy. Parasites in erythrocytes from nontreated and treated ponies were examined by electron microscopy. Babesia equi in erythrocytes of nontreated ponies contained food vacuoles, a prominent nucleus, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulums, and ribosomes. There were four stages of degeneration of B equi in erythrocytes of ponies treated with imidocarb. The first stage was dilatation of the nuclear cisterna and clumping of chromatin. The second stage included dissolution of the nuclear envelope and passage of nuclear matrix into the cytoplasm. The third stage consisted of vacuolation of the cytoplasm and compression of the chromatin to the periphery of the cell. In the fourth stage of degeneration, the organism consisted essentially of a vacuole, and chromatin was condensed into an irregular mass of clumped material. PMID- 7369600 TI - Isolation of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp hyicus from a pig with septic polyarthritis. AB - Staphylococcus hyicus subsp hyicus (coagulase-positive) was isolated in pure culture from the left coxafemoral and right shoulder joints of a 4-week-old pig with septic polyarthritis. Present taxonomic criteria and DNA-DNA hybridization studies with reference strains were utilized to identify the isolate. There were no clinical signs or generalized skin lesions of porcine exudative epidermitis noticed in this pig. PMID- 7369602 TI - Further observations on chloramphenicol toxicosis in cats. AB - After a base-line period (14 days), five cats were orally given 50 mg of chloramphenicol every 12 hours for 21 days. Clinical signs of toxicosis were CNS depression, reduced intake of food and water, and weight loss. Changes in peripheral blood included lower platelet counts after treatment for 1 week and fewer neutrophils after treatment for 3 weeks; one cat developed lymphocytopenia after 1 week and neutropenia after 2 weeks. Changes in bone marrow at the end of treatment comprised vacuolation of early myeloid cells and lymphocytes, and reduced myeloid maturation ratio, and some cats also had reduced marrow cellularity, or increased myeloid:erythroid ratio, or both of these. PMID- 7369601 TI - Canine excretory urogram: correlation with base-line measurements. AB - Ten healthy, adult mongrel dogs were each given various dose levels of sodium iothalamate IV, and postinjection radiographs were made. Base-line plasma and urine osmolality, glomerular filtration rate, packed cell volume, plasma protein concentration, serum urea nitrogen concentration, serum creatinine concentration, and urine specific gravity were measured. The base-line values and the dose of contrast medium were compared statistically with linear and density measurements made from the post-injection radiographs. Base-line plasma osmolality was directly related to the pyelographic and nephrographic density. The dose of contrast medium directly influenced the kidney length, the kidney, pelvic, diverticular, and ureteral widths, and the renal and diverticular densities despite variations in base-line values within accepted limits. PMID- 7369606 TI - Experimentally induced toxicoinfectious botulism in horses and foals. AB - Four experiments were performed to elucidate the pathogenesis of toxicoinfectious botulism in horses and foals. Groups of horses and foals were inoculated with one of the following: (1) crude toxin of Clostridium botulinum, type B, given IV, (2) C botulinum spores, given IM, (3) C botulinum spores, given IM, in necrotic lesions, and (4) C botulinum spores, given orally with and without dexamethasone. Toxin of C botulinum in minute amounts is toxic to horses. Clostridium botulinum spores produced toxicosis only when necrotic lesions were present. When C botulinum spores were given orally, they were innocuous. Toxicosis occurred when dexamethasone and C botulinum spores were given orally to a foal with necrotic lesions. Corticosteroids appear to predispose foals to the disease. In the animals where C botulinum organisms infected necrotic lesions, the clinical signs and the lesions seen on necropsy were identical with those seen in spontaneously occurring toxicoinfectious botulism. PMID- 7369605 TI - Application of a leukocyte migration-inhibition agarose test to swine dysentery. AB - Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was demonstrated in swine naturally affected with swine dysentery (SD) by a leukocyte migration-inhibition agarose test (LMAT). Migration of leukocytes from SD-affected pigs was inhibited in the presence of soluble antigen of Treponema hyodysenteriae, whereas migration of leukocytes from noninfected swine was not inhibited by exposure to the same antigen. Cell mediated immunity was detected initially after the appearance of clinical signs of the disease, and a peak migration index (MI) of 0.11 (P less than 0.01) was detected at 2 weeks thereafter. The MI gradually decreased over the remaining 3 weeks of the experiment. Humoral antibody correlated well with CMI, since both showed maximum production within the same time interval. Leukocytes of swine naturally affected with SD 4 months previously had a significant MI response of 0.73 (P less than 0.05), whereas uninfected swine of comparable age and weight showed a MI of 0.94 that was not significant (P less than 0.05). The results indicated that the LMAT may be useful for the diagnosis of SD. PMID- 7369603 TI - Effect of sodium hypochlorite on the growth of rats and guinea pigs. AB - Four experiments were conducted with a total of 100 rats and 20 guinea pigs to determine the effects of adding sodium hypochlorite to the drinking water and milk. In three experiments, the liquids were provided ad libitum, but in one it was given by gavage so that the dosage could be expressed in relation to body weight. Available chlorine concentrations ranging between 0 and 2,000 mg/L were tested over periods of 9 days to 6 weeks. Stimulation of growth rate was observed in all experiments with body weight increases of 5.4% to 13.7%. Statistical significance at P less than 0.05 was reached in two experiments. Optimal growth rate was observed with available chlorine concentrations of 20 mg/L in liquids given free choice and at 8 mg/kg of body weight when given by gavage. Toxic effects of the sodium hypochlorite were not observed at any of the concentrations tested below 2,000 mg/L. PMID- 7369607 TI - Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in the horse. AB - The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin were studied in six healthy mature horses of mixed breeding and of both sexes. A parenteral preparation of gentamicin sulfate (5% aqueous solution) was administered rapidly (IV) at the dosage level of 5 mg/kg of body weight. Venous blood samples were taken at 0 (base line), 0.083, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after gentamicin administration. Serum gentamicin was measured by a radioimmunoassay technique. The gentamicin concentration data was fitted to a one- and two compartment open model with first-order elimination from the central compartment with the aid of nonlinear least squares program. The data were found to be best described by the two-compartment model with r2 = 0.997. Half-life, as determined from the terminal phase was 2.54 +/- 0.33 hours. Calculation of the total body clearance provided a mean of 1.16 +/- 0.11 ml/minute/kg of body weight (1.04 to 1.31 ml/minute/kg, range); the volume of distribution calculated from the area under the curve was determined separately for each animal and had a mean value of 0.254 +/- 0.036 L/kg. The initial exponential decline (alpha) in gentamicin serum concentration had an average value of 3.75 +/- 1.86 hours-1, whereas the terminal values were described by beta = 0.275 +/- 0.036 hours-1. Other pharmacokinetic values determined also are presented. PMID- 7369604 TI - Cardiopulmonary function in the dog with Dirofilaria immitis infection: during infection and after treatment. AB - Cardiopulmonary function in seven Beagles (under pentobarbital anesthesia) was determined before they were inoculated with Dirofilaria immitis larvae, at 6 and at 12 months after 50 infective larvae were inoculated, and at 7 and 12 months after adulticide and microfilaricide treatment was begun. Pulmonary hypertension (26.4 mm of Hg +/- 3.5 (SD)) was present at 12 months after the dogs were inoculated, as compared with base-line pulmonary arterial pressure (16.0 mm of Hg +/- 2.4), and was resolved within 7 months after initial adulticide treatment (19.8 mm of Hg +/- 1.4). Pulmonary artery pressure response to hypoxia (33.3 mm of Hg +/- 2.4) at 12 months after inoculation (vs base line of 25.3 mm of Hg +/- 2.2) and to isoproterenol infusion (37.6 mm of Hg +/- 4.8) at 12 months (vs base line of 14.3 mm of Hg +/- 1.7) revealed an accelerated pulmonary hypertensive response. This pulmonary hypertensive response to isoproterenol infusion (17.7 mm of Hg +/- 1.4) at 7 months after treatment resolved following treatment. The pulmonary hypertensive response to hypoxia was still present (32.5 mm of Hg +/- 3.0) 7 months after treatments. Resolution of pulmonary hypertension reinforces the clinical decision to treat dirofilariasis in an effort to prevent further development of pulmonary hypertension, as well as to permit resolution of this clinical sign. PMID- 7369608 TI - Effect of dehydrocholic, chenodeoxycholic, and taurocholic acids on the excretion of bilirubin. AB - The effects of IV bile acid infusion (at approx 20% of normal excretion rate) on the biliary excretion of 3-alpha-hydroxy bile acids and bilirubin were investigated in ponies prepared surgically with chronic external biliary fistulas. Endogenous bile acid excretion (approx 45 mumol/min) decreased to the hepatic synthesis rate (approx 1.5 mumol/min) during the initial 4 to 5 hours of bile drainage. In type 1 studies, both chenodeoxycholic and taurocholic acid infusion (8 to 9 mumol/min) increased bilirubin excretion by 58% to 82% following 5 hours of biliary diversion. During type 2 studies, 3-hour IV infusions (10.5 mumol/mon) of dehydrocholic acid, 4 hours following biliary diversion, increased bile flow by 45% to 62% and excretion of 3-alpha-hydroxy bile acid by 34% to 36% above preinfusion (hepatic synthesis) levels. Bilirubin excretion was not significantly changed during those increases in bile flow and bile acid excretion. Immediately after dehydrocholic acid infusion, taurocholic acid infusion (8.1 mumol/min) greatly increased bilirubin excretion for 1 hour (a reversal of hepatic storage identical to that found during type 1 studies), prolonged excretion (mg/2 hours) being two to three times that caused by dehydrocholic acid infusion. Bilirubin excretion appeared to correlate with the micelle-forming capacity of endogenous bile acids as opposed to the nonmicelle forming characteristic of synthestic dehydrocholic acid. PMID- 7369610 TI - Inhibition of lymphocyte blastogenesis by sera from cows with lymphoma. AB - The sera from cows with lymphoma inhibit the blastogenesis of normal lymphocytes. The inhibitory sera were partially characterized. Twenty of 34 sera from cows with lymphoma caused inhibition, whereas 3 of 25 sera from healthy animals were inhibitory. Sera from 15 cows with various inflammatory conditions did not cause inhibition. Seventy-four cows were tested for responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin, and of this group, the stimulation indices of 25 animals which had antibody to the bovine leukemia virus did not differ from the remainder of the group. The inhibitory substance: (a) was heat stable at 56 C for 30 minutes, (b) was not overcome by the addition of phytohemagglutinin, (c) was active in a manner that was proportional to the concentration of serum in the culture media, (d) was not lymphocytotoxic at a concentration which was profoundly inhibitory to blastogenesis, (e) was found in the first peak eluted from a Sephadex G-200 column, (f) was nonspecifically active because it inhibited the blastogenesis of a panel of lymphocytes from healthy animals, (g) was present in 59% of cows with lymphoma in the terminal stages of disease, (h) was rarely present in healthy cows or cows with inflammatory conditions, and (i) was not associated with bovine leukemia virus infection in the absence of tumor development. PMID- 7369609 TI - Characterization of immune responses of cattle to erythrocyte stroma, Anaplasma antigen, and dodecanoic acid-conjugated Anaplasma antigen: cell-mediated immunity. AB - Sonically disrupted normal erythrocyte stroma (SES) and two anaplasma antigens (sonically disrupted anaplasma antigen; SAA, and French pressure cell disrupted anaplasma antigen; FAA) were prepared from normal and Anaplasma marginale infected blood. The SAA and FAA antigens were chemically modified by conjugation with dodecanoic acid (SAADA and FAADA). Significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) anti-anaplasma lymphocyte-transformation responses were obtained from all cattle given SAA, SAADA, or FAADA vaccines. Only cows given SAA developed anti anaplasma antibody. Mild antierythrocyte lymphocyte-transformation responses were obtained from most vaccinated animals. Delayed hypersensitivity to erythrocyte antigen was not detected. The SAA-vaccinated cows had the highest degree of protection in that they developed a smaller percentage of parasitemia and had less severe anemia than did other cattle in the study. The SAADA- and FAADA vaccinated cattle developed a good cell-mediated immune response, but poor humoral immune response and had lower parasitemias than did challenge-exposed controls; but they developed severe anemia. It is suggested that cellular and humoral mechanisms are essential for protection in anaplasmosis. Evidence of protection from clinical anaplasmosis was not observed in SES-vaccinated cows. PMID- 7369611 TI - Field and experimental studies in cattle and sheep poisoned by nitro-bearing Astragalus or their toxins. AB - Various species of nitro-containing Astragalus, and the toxic principle of these plants, 3-nitropropionic acid or 3-nitro-1-propanol, were fed to sheep and cattle at doses which produced chronic or acute intoxication. The signs of intoxication produced were similar to those observed in poisoning that occurs under field conditions. The signs of intoxication were emphysema and difficulty in locomotion. Primary microscopic lesions were observed in the lungs and CNS. The lungs had varying degrees of alveolar emphysema and there were varying degrees of wallerian degeneration of the spinal cord. PMID- 7369612 TI - Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene on Newcastle disease virus. AB - A study was done to examine the effects of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on purified Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Treatment of the virus with 50 microgram of BHT/ml caused 92% inactivation of the virion infectivity. Virion adsorption to chicken-embryonated cells was inhibited 32% and synthesis of intracellular hemagglutinin was inhibited 29%. Electron microscopy of the BHT-treated virions revealed virion envelope damage. Chicken-embryonated cells treated with 25 microgram of BHT/ml before NDV infection demonstrated 65% inhibition of NDV progeny production. PMID- 7369613 TI - Lateral migration of Haemonchus contortus larvae on pasture. PMID- 7369614 TI - Modification of lethality induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin B in Dutch rabbits. AB - Intramuscular injection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) at a dosage level of 50 microgram/kg of body weight caused death in Dutch rabbits. Lethality was not modified markedly by morphine pretreatment or by hyperthermia, thyrotoxicosis, propylthiouracil feeding, thyroparathyroidectomy, water deprivation, or fasting. The administration of acetylsalicylic acid to the SEB inoculated rabbit also failed to protect the rabbits from the effect of SEB. Seemingly, the SEB molecular destruction was not markedly modified by alteration of cellular metabolism, and lethal effects of SEB remained unchanged in the morphine- or acetylsalicylic acid-treated rabbits. When SEB was given to six rabbits 3 days after total-body X-irradiation, fever persisted and three rabbits survived. An identical dose of SEB to nonirradiated rabbits produced fever initially, followed by hypothermia and death of all six rabbits. PMID- 7369615 TI - Leishmaniasis: in search of new chemotherapeutic agents. AB - Members of a class of compounds designated lepidines (8-amino-6-methoxy-4 methylquinoline derivatives) were tested in a hamster-Leishmania donovani model and found to have activity many-fold that of a reference drug meglumine antimoniate. One of them, 8-(7-isopropylaminoheptylamino)-6-methoxy-4 methylquinoline, was found to be 138 times as effective as the standard antimonial drug used. PMID- 7369616 TI - Echinococcus granulosus in dogs in Bangladesh. AB - A survey was carried out during the period February 1975 to January 1978 to find the frequency of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs. A total of 611 dogs originating from different places of the country were examined. The frequency of infection varied considerably, the highest (75.79%) being recorded in dogs in and around the slaughterhouses. The average frequency was 62.52%. The seasonal variations of the infection were determined, the lowest (47.09%) and the highest (78.37%) being January to March and October to December, respectively. PMID- 7369617 TI - Dose-response of topical pilocarpine in the normotensive and glaucomatous Beagle. AB - Single-dose loading with a placebo (isotonic saline solution), and 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 6%, and 8% pilocarpine hydrochloride (pH 7.4) was evaluated in normotensive and glaucomatous Beagle dogs to determine dose response. The seven concentrations of pilocarpine significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced intraocular pressure and pupil size in the normotensive and glaucomatous-treated eyes at most time intervals as compared with baseline (pre-drug) values, untreated fellow eyes, and placebo-treated eyes. There was no significant (P greater than 0.40) contralateral effect on intraocular pressure or pupil size by unilateral pilocarpine administration as compared with base-line values or placebo-treated eyes. PMID- 7369618 TI - Efficacy of albendazole and levamisole in sheep against Thysanosoma actinioides and Haemonchus contortus from the Edwards Plateau, Texas. AB - Lambs naturally infected with Thysanosoma actinioides and naturally and experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus were used in a controlled experiment to determine the anthelmintic activity of albendazole as compared with levamisole. The lambs were given 10,000 H contortus larvae 25 to 35 days before treatment, were slaughtered 7 to 9 days after treatment, and were housed on concrete from the time of treatment until slaughter. In lambs given doses of 7.5 mg or 3.8 mg of albendazole/kg or 7.5 mg of levamisole/kg, reductions in numbers of H contortus were 99%, 85%, and 98%, respectively. Reductions in numbers of T actinioides were 98%, 45%, and 0% respectively, as compared with untreated controls. PMID- 7369619 TI - Mouse pathogenicity of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from a goat. AB - Characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii (strain GT-1) isolated from skeletal muscle of a goat are described. One oocyst, bradyzoite, or tachyzoite of GT-1 strain was lethal to mice. Toxoplasma tachyzoites were found in the peritoneal exudates and in the lungs 9 to 34 days after infection in mice inoculated intraperitoneally with tissues infected with strain GT-1. PMID- 7369620 TI - Effects of phenol on card-agglutination and complement-fixation tests for bovine anaplasmosis. AB - Effects of adding phenol to sera used for the card-agglutination test (CAT) and for the micro-complement-fixation test (CFT) for bovine anaplasmosis were studied. Sera were obtained from 14 recently infected cattle, 17 cattle vaccinated with a killed anaplasmosis vaccine, 5 cattle in the carrier phase of the disease, and 45 cattle of unknown anaplasmosis status. Aliquots of sera were tested with and without phenol (0.25% final concentration). Phenol adversely affected the CAT by causing false-negative results. The CAT reactions of nonphenolized sera from recently infected cattle were all positive 4 weeks after inoculation, whereas CAT reactions of phenolized sera were not all positive until 10 weeks after inoculation. Nine non-phenolized sera from vaccinated cattle that were CAT-positive were CAT-negative after being phenolized. Phenolized sera from carrier cattle and from cattle of unknown anaplasmosis status were less reactive on the CAT than were nonphenolized sera. Effects of phenol on the CFT were not so obvious. Although phenol had little effect on end-titer results, it eliminated most prozones that cause false-negative CFT results at the 1:5 dilution. Without phenol, 30 of 215 sera would have been CFT-negative at this dilution because of prozones; with phenol, 6 would have been CFT-negative. PMID- 7369621 TI - Influence of bronchoalveolar washing supernatants and stimulated lymphocyte supernatants on uptake of Pasteurella haemolytica by cultured bovine alveolar macrophages. AB - Bovine alveolar macrophages cultured for 12 hours with normal bovine bronchoalveolar washing supernatants (BWS) showed impaired phagocytosis of Pasteurella haemolytica when compared with phagocytosis in control cultures. Such impairment was not observed when another gram-negative bacillus, Yersinia enterocolitica, was used. The BWS from calves inoculated subcutaneously or intrabronchially with P haemolytica inhibited uptake of P haemolytica when BWS were incubated with the bacteria prior to addition to macrophage cultures. However, serum from these calves had pronounced opsonizing activity. Supernatants from stimulated and nonstimulated bovine peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures also inhibited phagocytosis of P haemolytica. PMID- 7369623 TI - The neuropsychology of facial recognition. PMID- 7369622 TI - Lidocaine: effect on phagocytosis and purification of monocytes in bovine peripheral blood. AB - Enumeration of bovine monocytes was determined by latex ingestion, using live cell and fixed cell techniques. Approximately 7.33% of the mononuclear leukocytes were found to phagocytize latex particles by live-cell technique and approximately 7.38% of mononuclear leukocytes phagocytized latex particles by fixed-cell technique. Lidocaine (30 mM) significantly inhibited phagocytosis of latex particles; however, the effects of lidocaine can be reversible. Adherent monocytes can be removed with lidocaine treatment and can be enriched to as much as 90% pure monocytes. Removal of lidocaine was associated with a return to normal cell function. PMID- 7369624 TI - Ask not for whom the bell tolls. PMID- 7369625 TI - A misuse of statistics: reply to Rimland. PMID- 7369626 TI - Perforating injuries of the gastrointestinal tract following blunt abdominal trauma. PMID- 7369627 TI - Frontiers in carcinoma of the colorectum from carcinogenesis to adjuvant therapy. AB - Recognition of a variety of environmental factors at variance and correlating with colorectal cancer incidence brings hope that prevention by environmental manipulation can be achieved. Refinements in detection methodology continue to optimize the benefit-cost ratio in discovering minimal large bowel cancer. This is the most significant advance in improving end results of treatment for this number one cancer killer in the United States. Little progress has been made in improving surgical procedures, although the no-touch technique stands out as the single important contribution. Adjuvant radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and chemoimmunotherapy have not improved results over surgery alone. PMID- 7369629 TI - Prognostic significance of serum biochemical changes following liver trauma. PMID- 7369630 TI - Factors influencing morbidity and mortality in perforated duodenal ulcer. AB - The overall mortality and morbidity rates in 124 patients with perforated duodenal ulcer from 1968 to 1978 were 9.6 per cent and 28 per cent. The only factors which directly affected the patient's outcome were 1) age of the patient (high mortality in older patients) and 2) the time interval from onset of symptoms caused by perforation to the time of the operation (the longer the interval, the more likely the complications). No improvement in mortality and morbidity figures was seen in the past decade. PMID- 7369628 TI - Current management of trauma to the colon. AB - In a review of 72 cases of trauma to the colon we have demonstrated that a 51 per cent primary closure rate can be obtained if the following considerations are used: 1) anatomic location of colon injury, 2) degree of fecal contamination, 3) number of associated organs injured. Considering these factors individually or in combination we were able to perform primary closure in 51 per cent of our patients, without colostomy and without increasing morbidity and mortality. As a result, the number of hospital days and surgical procedures have been reduced. PMID- 7369631 TI - Esophageal reconstruction for benign disease: a long-term appraisal. AB - Replacement of all or part of the esophagus, for whatever reason, requires intimate familiarity with the advantages, disadvantages, and long-term results of various techniques of reconstruction. For benign esophageal disease, because of the expected longer natural history of such lesions, long-term results should be more informative. The Mayo Clinic experience with esophageal reconstruction for benign disease is reviewed for the 15-year period of July 1955 through July 1970, critically evaluating the long-term results of from 8 to 21 years. Thirty-nine patients, with a male-to-female ratio of two to one, underwent 44 operative reconstructions. Only 41 per cent had uncomplicated postoperative courses, with a five per cent operative mortality (two patients) and a 15 per cent late related mortality. The average duration of hospitalization was three weeks. Despite the morbidity and mortality, most patients report good to excellent results, confirmed by physician assessment. PMID- 7369632 TI - Diverticulitis presenting as a gynecologic problem. PMID- 7369633 TI - The role of endoscopy in patients with suspected esophageal reflux. PMID- 7369635 TI - [Screening programs for neonatal hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7369634 TI - Fertility and female employment: problems of causal direction. PMID- 7369636 TI - [Infection of pediatric operative wounds in a general hospital (author's transl)]. AB - During the two-year 1977-1978 period 37 (3.29%) out of 1,124 pediatric surgical wounds became infected in the postoperative course. Ten infections were observed among the 844 "clean" procedures (1.18%), 5/155 "clean-contaminated" (3.22%), 3/32 "contaminated" (9.37%) and 19/93 "dirty" (20.43%). These rates are quite comparable, although somewhat lower, to those found in similar studies carried out in adults. The bacteriologic studies of the contamination and the subsequent infection revealed that "clean" wounds were almost exclusively infected by "Staphilococci", while all the remaining categories (which very often implicated an opening of digestive tract lumen) became infected by multiple endogenous flora including enterobacteriae (mainly "E. coli") and anaerobic germs ("Bacteroides" and "Clostridia"). The limited use of antibiotics in this series was guided by these bacteriologic findings, a fact that can partially explain our results. There was no mortality directly related to the infection of the wound, but the risks and uncomfort incurred by the patients were not negligible and must be taken into consideration aside with the increase of the cost of hospital stay (evaluated as 35,000-100,000 ptas./patient in this series) to justify every effort to decrease incidence of this generally minor complication. PMID- 7369637 TI - [Jaundice associated with urinary infection in the first three months of life. Study of 66 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Sixty-six infants aged 8 days to 3 months presented jaundice as a sign of urinary infection during a ten-year period 1968-1977. The main clinical and biochemical aspects are described. "E.coli" grew in 49 urine cultures (74.2%), but other bacteria were also found ("Klebsiella", "Proteus", "Pseudomonas", "A. aerogenes"). Hepatic function tests seem to prove that intrahepatic colostasis is the main mechanism involved, although hemolysis was also found in some cases. The importance of considering urinary infection in the diagnosis of jaundice during infancy is stressed. PMID- 7369639 TI - [Hypernephroma in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - A case of hypernephroma in a 9 years old male is presented. The palpable mass in the right hypochondrium orientated towards a solid renal mass confirmed by intravenous pyelography, ecography and angiography. The final diagnosis was clarified by the histopathological study, due to the low incidence of hypernephroma in children. Authors believe this is the second case published in this country. PMID- 7369640 TI - [Nasal glioma (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of nasal glioma, with clinical alterations refered to a mass on the root of the nose, are presented. The histological study after surgical removing showed that mass was glial tissue in both patients. PMID- 7369638 TI - [DTPA-99mTc in pediatric renal disease (author's transl)]. AB - 99MTc is an ideal nuclide for Pediatric use. Combined with DTPA is an adequate agent for renal studies. 15 patients with ages ranging from eight days to eleven years were studied (10 patients with congenital malformation and five with renal tumour). The dosimetric advantages, the obtention with a single nuclide dose of multiple images and the diagnostic usefulness in congenital malformation and renal tumour suggest their use. PMID- 7369641 TI - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx. A case report and review of the literature. AB - A case report of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx is presented and the literature reviewed. The inherent difficulties in histologic diagnosis are noted and the clinical behavior and treatment of mucoepidermoid carcinoma are discussed. At the present time, mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx should be regarded as a separate entity, its treatment based on histological grade as well as clinical behavior. PMID- 7369642 TI - Extracranial surgical repair of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea. AB - A spinal fluid leak from the intracranial space to the nasal respiratory tract is potentially very serious because of the risk of an ascending infection which could produce fulminant meningitis. Cerebrospinal rhinorrhea typically stems from a complication of head trauma, and fortunately these leaks tend to heal spontaneously. In a smaller percentage of cases, intracranial lesions or congenital osteomeningeal defects are harbored, allowing spinal fluid to enter the nasal cavity, and patients with this condition rarely heal without operative intervention. Succesful repair of a dural defect mandates precise anatomic localization of the leakage site. Although radioisotopes have been a popular method of documenting and localizing a spinal fluid leak, they do not provide the topographic accuracy of intrathecal dyes such as fluorescein. The author not only employs this dye during the preoperative localization of a leak but also uses it intraoperatively to improve visualization of the leakage site and to plan a method of repair. The operating microscope also seems to facilitate visualization of the leak and enables better manipulation of grafts and flaps. PMID- 7369643 TI - Comparison of computer tomography and translabyrinthine surgery in the assessment of acoustic neurinoma. AB - In a series of 53 acoustic neurinomas removed by translabyrinthine surgery, measurement technique focused on maximum tumor size estimated with computed tomography (CT) compared with maximum size determined at surgery. Fifty-three tumors varying in size and location were evaluated. Ten small tumor not found with initial CT were identified at CT revision. Of the 34% which could not be seen with CT, all but two were less than 15 mm in diameter, indicating a lower limit for CT detection of 15 mm. PMID- 7369644 TI - Surgical treatment of recurrent perilymph fistula with anacusis. AB - A woman with substantiated well-preserved premorbid cochlear function developed right-sided anacusis due to a perilymph fistula twice at an interval of 20 months. The fistula was presumably a sequel to previous operative damage to the stapes footplate. On both occasions she was treated surgically with a good result. PMID- 7369645 TI - Pulmonary edema following relief of acute upper airway obstruction. AB - Five children, aged one to five years, with severe upper airway obstruction, three of whom had epiglottitis and two of whom had laryngotracheobronchitis, developed acute pulmonary edema after the obstruction had been relieved by placement of an artificial airway. Although major physiologic changes, such as hypoxemia and massive sympathetic discharge, play a significant role in the development of acute pulmonary edema, we have postulated a possible etiological cause for the development of pulmonary edema in these children which involves a series of physiologic events. The generation of very high transpulmonary pressure gradients during inspiration is opposed by a decreased venous return due to the obstruction during exhalation. Airway pressures then fall abruptly with the insertion of the artifial airway, resulting in a sudden increase in venous return to the central circulation and marked increase in the intravascular hydrostatic pressures. The final result of this series of events is the development of pulmonary hyperemia and edema. The prevention of this situation must begin the moment the airway is inserted and involves the application of moderate amounts of continuous positive pressure to the airway, thus allowing time for circulatory adaption to take place. PMID- 7369646 TI - Impacted esophageal foreign bodies of dental origin. AB - The use of dentures is becoming common even among Africans. So also is the problem of swallowed and impacted dentures. Their radiolucence makes radiological localization almost impossible, and because of their rigidity, large size, irregular and unyielding edges, impacted dentures are apt to produce lacerations during endoscopic removal from gullets rendered friable by impaction. Three patients with impacted radiolucent dentures are described in order to illustrate the problems of removal. It is suggested that the safest most effective method of removing impacted dentures in the esophagus is through an elective open esophagotomy. PMID- 7369647 TI - Papillary hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils. AB - Papillary hypertrophy of the tonsils is one of the rare abnormalities of the palatine tonsils. Since the first reports of papillary hypertrophy of the tonsils by Ogino and Matsui, only 30 cases of this disease have been reported in Japan. The etiology of papillary hypertrophy remains a myster. A 5-year-old female visited our clinic with a complaint of obstructive feeling in the throat. Papillary surface of the palatine tonils were noticed. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy were performed under general anesthesia on October 25, 1977. the histopathological examination of the tonsils revealed the lymphoid hyperplasia with poor subepithelial connective tissues. Only slight chronic inflammation was present. This papillary hypertrophy of the tonsils was found in 13 members (6 male, 7 female) of her family pedigree. Genetical analysis of the pedigree showed this disease is transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene. PMID- 7369648 TI - Pendred's syndrome with atypical features. AB - One of seven cases of Pendred's syndrome had mixed hearing loss, bilateral congenital stapes foot-plate fixation, surgically proven unilateral perilymph fistula and delayed fluctuating hearing loss in the unoperated ear. A unifying hypothesis is proposed to link these diversified findings. PMID- 7369649 TI - Obliterative fibrotic middle ear disease in systemic vasculitis. AB - A case of bilateral oliterative fibrotic middle ear disease occurring in a patient suffering from leukocytoclastic angiitis is presented. Following a brief discussion of middle ear involvement in systemic vasculitis the pathologic picture and differential diagnosis are considered. Biopsy of unexplained obliterative fibrotic middle ear tissue is recommended. PMID- 7369650 TI - Nasal secretory IgA circadian rhythm: a single-dose suppression test. AB - The existence of a clear circadian rhythm in the local secretion of nasal IgA is well-known phenomenon which is confirmed in the present research. Since the temporal pattern of secretory IgA (SIgA) strictly parallels the ACTH-cortisol cycle, a dependence was hypothesized in previous research, but the suppression of adrenal rhythm by means of massive doses of exogenous corticosteroids showed no influence on the SIgA cycle. In the present research a more sophisticated method of corticoid-incretion suppression was used; the single-dose suppression test with dexamethasone, which influences only the impulsive phase of the rhythm. In this case too, however, no influence was demonstrated on nasal SIgA secretion. PMID- 7369651 TI - Single-cell responses in normal and ototoxic drug-treated gerbils. AB - Single cell data were obtained from the inferior colliculus of normal gerbils and from those treated with ethacrynic acid. Response changes found for the drug treated animals are as follows: Fewer cells responded to auditory stimulation. Recruitment-like functions were found which were characterized by high threshold and precipitous increase in discharge rate with intensity. Some units showed abnormally low discharge rate over an extended intensity range, which could be the underlying change in responsiveness in human patients with reduced loudness range. One half as many collicular units were responsive to auditory phase differences. The most severly affected ears showed abnormal dependency upon phase relations. This would affect auditory space perception. PMID- 7369652 TI - Acoustic reflex response during curare-induced weakness. AB - The acoustic stapedial reflex (AR) was measured in five healthy subjects during intravenous administration of d-tubocurarine in four equal doses totaling 0.2 mg/kg. The behavior of the reflex in the face of progressive muscle weakness was assessed. Amplitude changes in the AR elicited by pulsed tones were compared to measurements of maximum respiratory pressures reflecting respiratory muscle strength. Total curare dose averaged 16.1 mg and produced symptoms progressing from mild diplopia with the initial dose to absence of hand-grip and head-lifting ability with the final dose. Peak-to-peak amplitude of the AR decreased progressively with each dose of curare. Effects were not strictly additive but showed the largest change with the last dose. Decreases in expiratory muscle strength closely paralleled changes in the AR, whereas changes in inspiratory muscle strength were less marked than the AR, especially with mild weakness. Therefore we concluded that the AR is a valid and sensitive index of neuromuscular transmission which has an advantage over most tests of muscle strength since subject effort and cooperation do not influence test results. PMID- 7369653 TI - Bilateral temporal bone cholesteatoma with an associated brain abscess. PMID- 7369654 TI - Clear cell tumors of salivary glands. PMID- 7369655 TI - Replacement of defects of the cervical esophagus with homologous trachea. PMID- 7369657 TI - [Scleroderma: peripheral vascular exploration by Doppler ultrasound (author's transl)]. AB - In this preliminary study the authors consider the data that a Doppler investigation may provide for scleroderma. These data are on three levels. 1) At the diagnostic stage: in case of Raynaud phenomenon the Doppler investigation might allow to establish a diagnosis at an early stage in one of two directions:- whether a Raynaud disease, in case of a normal Doppler without taking into account its long-term future;--whether a Raynaud syndrome, in case of abnormal Doppler (thrombosis of the cubital artery or digital collaterals. Because of a recurring fact we must consider scleroderma first; 2) At the therapeutic stage, the Doppler investigation will perhaps allow to select at an early stage the patients who are able to respond to a cervical sympathectomy in a favorable way. 3) At the pathogenic stage, the Doppler investigation should allow a better selection of patients who are suspicious of being affected with a macroangiopathy has to be accurately diagnosed. PMID- 7369656 TI - [Epidemic aspect of parasite pruriginous dermatitis of Pyemotes zwoelferi type (author's transl)]. AB - The responsibility of the Pyemotes in the genesis of certain parasite prurigo is known since the middle of the 19th century. The epidemic that we are describing owes its originality to the species Pyemotes zwoelferi sent in a bunch of dried flowers coming from Yugoslavia. The affection of man by these Pyemotes is essentially due to two factors: one of them is of an ecological nature due to the violent change of the conditions under which the acarian population grew and developed, and the other one linked to the species and the belonging to the ventricosus group. The varieties of the ventricosus group have a host specificity which is by far less narrow than that of the scolity group and they are also the most pathogenic to man. PMID- 7369658 TI - [Self-healing juvenile cutaneous mucinosis. Clinical, histological and ultrastructural study (author's transl)]. AB - Referring to two other cases reported in the literature, the authors suggest the individualisation of a new form of cutaneous mucinosis which is characterized:- clinically, by the young age of the patient, the peculiar topography of the eruption extending to the face, neck, scalp, abdomen and thighs and the association to deep nodules of the face and the periarticular regions;- biologically by the absence of inflammation, dysglobulinemia, endocrinologic changes or bone marrow plasmocytosis;--by the acute on set of the lesions with spontaneous resolution within a few weeks. The diagnosis is based on histologic and histochemical criteria. The mucinous change occurs in the reticular dermis. Ultrastructural features are similar to those found in other dermal mucinoses. The deposit appears to be composed of an electron lucent matrix containing a micro fibrillar network, probably of polysaccharidic nature. In spite of the histochemical similarity to epithelial mucins, the biochemical composition and mode of production of the deposited substance remain to be elucidated. PMID- 7369659 TI - [Perforating follicular mucinosis and immediate hypersensitivity to mechlorethamine in a patient with mycosis fungoides]. PMID- 7369660 TI - [Association of Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome, Gougerot's triple symptoms, and cryoglobulinemia]. PMID- 7369662 TI - [Dermatology]. PMID- 7369661 TI - [Pterygium inversum unguis (apropos of 3 cases)]. PMID- 7369663 TI - Ancillary procedures in the surgery treatment of prognathism. AB - After carrying out preoperative and postoperative facial, intraoral, and cephalometric clinical examinations in the prognathism patients studied in our service, we found that 85% of them needed integral aesthetic correction of the face, including procedures in the forehead, nose, lips, and chin. In our series, 55% of the patients underwent additional corrective surgery, 2 of whom are presented. PMID- 7369664 TI - Have you checked all your breast implants? AB - Mammary prostheses were initially used to increase breast volume in patients with mammary hypoplasia or hypotrophy. Checking more than 200 patients from two to ten years after operation, favorable results were found mainly in patients with congenital hypoplasia. When prostheses were used in mammary hypotrophy following hypertrophy, results were unfavorable, though sometimes the patient herself was satisfied. We conclude that patients requiring implants must be accurately selected. Prostheses should be used only when we are certain that favorable results will last much longer than six months after operation. PMID- 7369665 TI - Reconstructive surgery of facial deformities in leprosy. AB - Surgical techniques for correction of the facial deformities of leprosy are discussed. It is urged that surgery be undertaken only on patients who have had a negative smear for at least two years. PMID- 7369666 TI - Functional sequelae of rhinoplasty. AB - Rhinoplasty is one of the most challenging surgical procedures. Surgeons should strive to obtain maximum aesthetic and functional results with minimal operative intervention. Excessive surgery often results in unwarranted impairment of nasal function. The obstructive or sensory complications of rhinoplasty can occur in the early or late postoperative periods. The most common functional sequelae of rhinoplasty, and their causes, prevention and therapy, are discussed. PMID- 7369667 TI - Smoke inhalation study. AB - An aggressive approach to the treatment of patients sustaining combined thermal and inhalation injuries is presented. Early and repeated bronchoscopy for diagnosis and treatment has yielded improved results. PMID- 7369668 TI - Intercostothelial circulation: nipple survival in reduction mammaplasty in the absence of a dermal pedicle. AB - In recent years, there has been considerable discussion and controversy regarding the major vascular supply to the nipple. We report our experience with the use of a long, narrow, glandular pedicle based on the pectoralis major muscle in reduction mammaplasty in 29 breasts in 15 patients. The vascular supply to the nipple-areolar complex in this type of flap is derived from intercostal perforating vessels. Although it may make some contribution, a dermal bridge or flap is not required for the survival of these structures. PMID- 7369669 TI - Meralgia paresthetica as a complication of the groin flap. AB - Meralgia paresthetica is not well known in the plastic surgery literature, and consequently the diagnosis of this entity may be overlooked. In view of the frequency with which the groin flap is presently employed, the possibility of damage to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh should be borne in mind. In this paper the clinical picture as well as the anatomy and pathophysiology of this disorder are described. PMID- 7369670 TI - An unusual vascular pedicle in a deltopectoral free flap. AB - An unusual vascular pedicle of a deltopectoral flap is reported and the case is discussed. We suggest noting any anomalies in the flap's vascularization during its dissection. PMID- 7369672 TI - Ketamine use debated. PMID- 7369671 TI - Perifolliculitis capitis: successful control with alternate-day corticosteroids. AB - A case of perifolliculitis capitis is reported in which the patient was initially treated with high-dose intravnous antibiotics and topical antibacterial agents without success. Systemic corticosteroids were instituted, with rapid subsidence of disease activity. One year later, the patient remains on 5 mg of prednisone on alternate days, and is free of disease activity. In view of other more aggressive treatments reported in the literature for this disease, high-dosage prednisone with rapid change to alternate-day dosage is a reasonable initial course of action. PMID- 7369675 TI - The real meaning of rejuvenation. PMID- 7369673 TI - Malignant melanoma. PMID- 7369674 TI - Postoperative management of cleft lip. PMID- 7369676 TI - The office-based elective surgery center. PMID- 7369677 TI - Radiation exposure of infants and children in computed tomography. PMID- 7369678 TI - Computed tomographic diagnosis of abdominal abscess in childhood. PMID- 7369679 TI - Pituitary adenoma secondary to hypothyroidism. Radiological changes during treatment. PMID- 7369680 TI - Pulmonary vein stenosis: pre-operative diagnosis by angiography using the "blocked catheter" technique. PMID- 7369681 TI - Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax secondary to blunt injury to the throat. PMID- 7369682 TI - Refractory hypoxia in full-term neonates; value of radiological examinations. PMID- 7369683 TI - The gastroesophageal (GE) scintiscan in detection of GE reflux and pulmonary aspiration in children. PMID- 7369684 TI - Gastric and duodenal duplications in infants and children. PMID- 7369686 TI - [Electrological contribution to diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369685 TI - [Myasthenia and its surgical treatment (round table). Lille, 28 October 1978]. PMID- 7369687 TI - [Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369690 TI - [Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis without thymoma. Long term results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369689 TI - [Surgical treatment of myasthenia by thymectomy. A report on 248 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369688 TI - [Thymectomy in myasthenic patients. Indications and operative techniques. A report on 240 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369691 TI - [Myasthenia gravis and thymectomy. Report of forty cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369692 TI - [Problems of anaesthesia and reanimation during thymectomy in myasthenic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369694 TI - [Cupulate aneurysm of the aortic arch. Diagnosis problems, surgical techniques, and report on one case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369693 TI - [Antibodies to acetylcholine receptor. Diagnosis and therapeutic interest in myasthenia gravis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369695 TI - [Cardiac compression during closure of the sternum following correction of complex congenital cardiopathies. Secondary closure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369696 TI - [Univentricular heart with corrected transposition and pulmonary stenosis. Complete repair (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369698 TI - [Syphilitic ostial coronaritis. Eleven cases surgically treated (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369699 TI - [Surgical treatment of aorto-pulmonary windows. Study of sixteen cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369700 TI - [Aortopulmonary fistulas (round table). Lille, 27 October 1978]. PMID- 7369697 TI - [Aortic valve surgery in bacterial endocarditis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369701 TI - [Aorto-pulmonary windows. Report of fifteen cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369702 TI - [Operated aorto-pulmonary septal defect. Report of seven cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369703 TI - [Congenital aorto-pulmonary window. Results of operation after 3 to 20 years in ten cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369704 TI - [Resection-closure of the bronchial stump through an anterior and extrapleural approach : a procedure for the management of left post-pneumonectomy fistula. Report of two cases and follow-up (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369705 TI - [Use of stapler in pneumonectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369706 TI - [Anatomical reconstruction of the muscle band in cleft palate]. PMID- 7369707 TI - [The "preoperative" nose. Apropos of the preoperative dialogue in corrective diminution rhinoplasty]. PMID- 7369708 TI - [10 cases of transfacial graft. Technic, indications, first results]. PMID- 7369709 TI - [Analysis and results of 20 cases of transfacial anastomosis]. PMID- 7369710 TI - [Does the soft palate exist? Anatomical plea for the velopharynx]. PMID- 7369711 TI - [The hard breast phenomenon]. PMID- 7369712 TI - [Evaluation of 80 breast reconstructions after total mastectomy]. PMID- 7369713 TI - [The brachioradial muscle : anatomy and use as a muscular rotation flap]. PMID- 7369714 TI - [Technical note on transnasal canthopexy]. PMID- 7369715 TI - Mycoplasma antibody in Guillain-Barre syndrome and other neurological disorders. AB - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) was used to determine precipitating antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae retrospectively in sera from 100 patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), 125 medical and neurological controls, and 40 normal individuals. Sera from 7 patients produced precipitin lines. These positive cases included 5 patients with GBS, 1 with acute cerebellar ataxia, and 1 with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. A complement-fixation test performed with the same antigen showed titers to M. pneumoniae of 1:512 or greater in these 7 sera. In contrast, sera from other patient controls and normal individuals were negative by CIEP and had only low mycoplasma complement-fixation antibody titers. No distinguishing clinical features separated the 5 seropositive GBS patients from the whole group except for their young age, which parallels that for human mycoplasma infection in general. Additional laboratory findings consistent with acute mycoplasma infection were demonstrated in 6 of the 7 seropositive patients. PMID- 7369716 TI - Medulloblastoma presenting as neck tumors in 2 infants. AB - Extension of neuroepithelial neoplasms outside the neuraxis, though uncommon, is well known and usually follows surgical intervention. More unusual is the brain tumor that appears beyond the bounds of the central nervous system prior to operative manipulation. Two infants presented with soft tissue masses in the neck that proved to be medulloblastomas. Autopsy examination in both infants showed primary medulloblastoma of the cerebellar vermis with extensive spread through the subarachnoid spaces. The neck masses may have been direct extensions from the central nervous system tumors, though this was not proved in either case. PMID- 7369717 TI - Intraventricular hemorrhage in the high-risk preterm infant: incidence and outcome. AB - To determine the incidence of subependymal (SEH) or intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and its short-term outcome, infants of less than 35 weeks' gestation who required intensive care were evaluated and computerized tomographic scans obtained. If the scans showed blood, serial scans were followed until the hemorrhage had resolved and ventricle size was stable. Hemorrhage was quantitated; Seventy-seven of 191 (40.3%) infants were shown to have SEH, IVH, or both; 22 of them (28%) died, and hemorrhage was thought to be the primary cause of death in 17. Fifty-five survivors (71%) with SEH, IVH, or a combination of the two had serial follow-up scans. Six had SEH alone; 49 had IVH. Severe progressive hydrocephalus developed in 12 (22%) infants. Thirty-seven (75.5%) die not show progressive hydrocephalus. The degree of hemorrhage in these 37 was mild in 14, moderate in 13, and marked in 10. Of those with progressive hydrocephalus, hemorrhage was marked in 8 and moderate in 4. Hydrocephalus resolved spontaneously in 4 of the 12. Medical treatment (repeated lumbar punctures) was successful in 3, but failed in 4. Hydrocephalus was managed by shunt surgery in 5. This study revealed that the quantity of blood is prognostically important with regard to both survival (p less than 0.001) and development of progressive hydrocephalus (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, hydrocephalus, even if progressive, may not necessitate surgical management; PMID- 7369718 TI - Cerebellar involvement in multifocal eosinophilic granuloma: demonstration by computerized tomographic scanning. AB - Central nervous system involvement outside the hypothalamus or pituitary in multifocal eosinophilic granuloma (MEG) is unusual. Eleven patients with MEG have been examined with cranial computerized axial tomograms (CT). Four patients with moderate to severe cerebellar dysfunction, 3 of whom had no detectable lesions by other neuroradiological techniques, were found to have cerebellar abnormalities. All of the remaining 7 patients with normal neurological examinations had normal CT scans. Computerized axial tomography is a useful technique in the evaluation of patients with MEG and neurological impairment. PMID- 7369719 TI - Familial stroke syndrome associated with mitral valve prolapse. AB - In a 27-member family, 8 individuals had mitral valve prolapse (MVP) by echocardiography. Four of them suffered a total of eight cerebral ischemic events in the first four decades of life. In none of these patients could risk factors for stroke, other than MVP, be found. Stroke did not occur in individuals free of MVP. This report draws attention to a previously unrecognized cause of familial stroke which strengthens the relationship between MVP and premature stroke. PMID- 7369720 TI - Brainstem auditory evoked responses in 200 patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - Brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) were recorded from 202 patients with definite, probable, or possible multiple sclerosis (MS). Definitions of abnormality were based only on interwave separations and the wave I/wave V amplitude ratio. Thirty-two percent of the patients had abnormal BAERs, and the presence of clinically unsuspected lesions was revealed by BAER abnormalities in 7.4%. Thirty-five percent of the patients who had nystagmus and 53% of those who had internuclear ophthalmoplegia at the time of testing had BAER abnormalities. Forty-five percent of the abnormalities were elicited with stimulation of one ear only, stressing the importance of monaural stimulation. Click rates faster than 10 per second did not reveal abnormalities undetected at slower rates. BAERs were normal by these criteria in patients with labyrinthine diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Thus, the BAER in MS can (1) confirm the presence of central lesions in patients with suspected brainstem involvement, (2) document the presence of clinically unsuspected lesions, and (3) be followed over time to provide possible assistance in evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic measures. The BAER is a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of MS. PMID- 7369721 TI - Cold face test in the assessment of trigeminal-brainstem-vagal function in humans. AB - Study of the reflex heart rate response in humans to apneic facial immersion (simulated diving) and its modifications showed that bradycardia caused by simple application of cold compresses to the face (cold face test) correlated well with that produced by the simulated diving reflex. Bilateral application of cold stimulus to the individual divisions of the trigeminal nerve revealed the ophthalmic division to be the most sensitive pathway for this reflex. The cold face test was standardized in 50 normal individuals and further validated in 10 patients by comparison with the simulated diving reflex, the Valsalva maneuver, and administration of atropine. Patients with diabetes mellitus, brainstem stroke, multiple sclerosis, or Shy-Drager syndrome developed less than normal bradycardia or minimal tachycardia in response to the cold facial stimulus. The cold face test is a novel, simple, safe, and economical test of the integrity of trigeminal-brainstem-vagal reflex pathways, can be utilized practically to assess vagal and brainstem dysfunctions, and has the special advantage of being applicable even in an uncooperative or comatose patient. PMID- 7369722 TI - Prolonged relief of tic douloureux from partial root destruction is associated with localized analgesia. AB - Fifty-eight patients who had been relieved of tic douloureux (TD) for least 3 years after partial destruction of the trigeminal sensory root by injection of minimal amounts of alcohol were reexamined 3 1/2 to 21 years after treatment. Of 41 patients still in remission at a median of 10 years after treatment, 32 had analgesia; i.e., sensation of pain from pinprick was absent in all 52 originally neuralgic areas. The other 9 patients in remission had some pain on pinprick in their neuralgic areas. In contrast, of 17 patients with recurrence of TD 3 1/2 to 11 years (median, 6 years) after treatment, at least 15 had demonstrable pain on pinprick in the neuralgic areas. It is concluded that continuing absence of pain on pinprick in the affected facial mucocutaneous area (or areas) is associated with prolonged relief of tic douloureux. PMID- 7369723 TI - Recovery following brainstem hemorrhage. AB - Two patients made virtually complete recoveries following hemorrhage within the brainstem. Progressive clinical deterioration in each case was managed surgically by evacuation of the hemorrhagic lesion in 1 case and treatment of secondary hydrocephalus in both. Computerized tomographic scanning proved essential for nonsurgical diagnosis and later management. PMID- 7369724 TI - Management of hypoventilation in motor neuron disease presenting with respiratory insufficiency. AB - A 57-year-old man presented with a three-month history of somnolence, hypoventilation, cor pulmonale, and episodes of apnea during sleep. Neurological studies revealed motor neuron disease, mainly confined to the muscles of respiration, that was causing respiratory insufficiency in the supine position. Nighttime treatment of respiratory insufficiency has permitted independent activity during wakefulness. PMID- 7369725 TI - Reduced seizure control due to spoiled phenytoin capsules. AB - Subtherapeutic phenytoin serum levels and loss of seizure control occurred in a 31-year-old man due to decreased bioavailability of oral drug. During storage at extreme temperatures, physical changes of the phenytoin capsule resulted in altered dissolution characteristics so that only 50% dissolution occurred at 180 minutes compared with 95% in 120 minutes for control capsules. Similar changes were produced in fresh capsules within seven days at high temperature and humidity. The affected patient has metabolic responses to phenytoin that produce marked fluctuations in serum levels with changes in dose. Altered phenytoin serum concentrations may occur with minor dose changes in such patients despite good compliance. PMID- 7369726 TI - Cerebellar calcification on computerized tomography. AB - Cerebellar calcification on CT scan was observed in five patients over a two-year period. It was located bilaterally and symmetrically in the dentate nucleus in all 5 patients and inthe cerebellar vermis in one. Calcifications of the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex were associated in two cases each. Skull radiography did not reveal the cerebellar calcifications, and serum calcium levels were normal in all patients. None had symptoms or signs of cerebellar dysfunction, and they had a variety of different clinical diagnoses. Cerebellar calcification may be a form of benign intracerebral calcification. PMID- 7369727 TI - [Effect of the cultivation temperature on the growth and culture properties of microorganism collection type cultures]. AB - The effect of temperature on growth and cultural properties of 309 strains of actinomycetes and bacteria from the Culture Collection of the All-Union Research Institute of Antibiotics was studied. The most favourable temperature for the overwhelming majority of the cultures ranged within 24--37 degrees C. The highest temperature limit in some of the cultures was the strain characteristic. Increased temperature entailed better growth and sporulation and changes in some of the cultural properties of separate strains of Str. rimosus, Str. fradiae, Str. roseus, Str. reticuli, Str. longisporus, Str. rubescens and Str. sp. To show more completely the variation ranges of actinomycetes it is recommended that for their description not only cultures grown on different media, which is the most common practice in taxonomic investigations be studied but also cultures grown at various temperatures. PMID- 7369729 TI - [Method of determining the concentration of the antibiotic nisin]. AB - To accelerate determination of nizin concentrations by the agar-diffusion method it is suggested that Twin-80 be added to the agar. For making the media composition more simple, agarized phosphate buffer, pH 5.0, or agarized water, pH 7.0, is recommended to be used for the lower layer. PMID- 7369728 TI - [Effect of lincomycin and other protein synthesis inhibitors on the metabolism of Actinomyces roseolus, a producer of lincomycin]. AB - The ability of lincomycin, erythromycin and oxytetracycline to affect the synthesis of protein, RNA and DNA in the mycelium of the lincomycin-producing organism Act. roseolus of various ages was studied. The ability of labeled lincomycin to penetrate into the mycelium from the environment was shown and possible presence of the enzymatic systems inactivating lincomycin in the mycelium was studied. Insensitivity of Act. roseolus is due to the protective reactions of the microorganism. One of such reactions involves impermeability of the cell membrane for the antibiotic present in the culture fluid. PMID- 7369730 TI - [Comparative study of sisomicin and gentamycin action on the cells in a tissue culture]. AB - The cytostatic effect of sisomicin and gentamicin, antibiotics from the group of aminoglycosides was studied comparatively with respect to three types of tripsinized cells of chick embryo (cells of the kidneys, liver and fibroblasts). It was found that epithelial cells and in particular kidney cells were most sensitive to the above antibiotics as compared to fibroblasts. It was also shown that gentamicin had a lower cytostatic effect on the embryonal cells of the kidneys, liver and fibroblasts as compared to sisomicin. PMID- 7369731 TI - [Pharmacokinetic validation of the nephrotoxic action of sisomycin. The relationship between nephrotoxicity and sisomycin concentration in the blood serum of rats]. AB - The kinetics of urine nitrogen in the blood serum and morphological changes in the kidneys after a single and repeated intramuscular administrations of the antibiotic in doses of 12.5 and 25 mg/kg a day were studied in Wistar rats. When sisomycin was administered in a dose of 12.5 mg/kg, the increase in the urine nitrogen level after 1--30 injections was reversible, whereas at a dose of 25 mg/kg it became irreversible already after the 5th injection. Maximum deviations in the urine nitrogen level observed within 3--6 hours after each injection of sisomicin were recorded after the 5th injection of the drug in a dose of 12.5 mg/kg and even after the 1st injection of the drug in a dose of 25 mg/kg. The deviations increased up to the 5th and 16th injection of sisomycin in doses of 12.5 and 25 mg/kg respectively. Later the deviations were less pronounced. Regardless of the dose, adipose degeneration in renal tubules was registered after 8--16 injections of the drug. By the 30th and 16th days of the drug administration in doses of 12.5 and 25 mg/kg respectively, the above changes also decreased. On the whole, pronounced functional and morphological changes in the kidneys correlated with the antibiotic dose. Relationship between the time from the beginning of sisomycin administration and the moment when the average integral concentration of the urine nitrogen increased to the upper limit of normal and the logarithm of the average integral concentration of the antibiotic in the serum was found. The safety of the clinical schemes for the use of sisomicin was estimated with the help of this relationship with respect to its nephrotoxic effect. PMID- 7369732 TI - [Experimental study of the effect of rifampicin on the embryogenesis of white rats]. AB - The embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of rifampicin were studied on Wistar albino rats exposed to the antibiotic inhalations during the whole period of gravidity. It was found that in the concentrations used (6.1 +/- 0.4 and 0.81 +/- 0.08 mg/m3) the antibiotic did not induce any increase in the rate of the fetus intrauterine death or any pronounced anomaly in the fetus development. Still, at higher concentrations there was a decrease in the anthropometric characteristics of the fetus, higher incidence of hemoperitoneum and disorders in liver and renal functions of the 2-month-old progeny. The damaging effect of rifampicin on the fetus should be considered as mediated since it was observed in the presence of disorders in the mother's body (changes in liver and renal function, suppressed phagocytosis). PMID- 7369733 TI - [Effect of streptomycin on experimental indices of immunity and nonspecific protection]. AB - It was found that streptomycin administered to rabbits immunized with adsorbed staphylococcal anatoxin did not induce any decrease in the antitoxic antistaphylococcal immunity or suppress the activity of the nonspecific protection factors. The level of the antistaphyloccal immunity observed in the experiments provided the rabbit resistance to experimental staphylococcal infection and prevented its generalization. PMID- 7369734 TI - [Action of carminomycin on the structural integrity, primary damage susceptibility and postradiation regeneration of the DNA from Erhlich's ascitic carcinoma]. AB - Carminomycin added to the cell culture of Ehrlichs ascites carcinoma (EAC) induced single breaks in DNA whose number increased proportionally to the amount of the antibiotic and the incubation time with it (up to 1 hour). The relationship between the incubation time and DNA injury is first of all defined by the necessity for the antibiotic metabolic activation or the properties of endonucleases. No increase in the number of one-thread breaks during the incubation period of 60 to 120 minutes indicated a possible reparation of DNA injury induced by the antibiotic in the late periods. The exposure of the EAC cells to carminomycin before gamma-irradiation did not result in any increase in the primary radiation injury to DNA but suppressed DNA postradiation reparation. PMID- 7369736 TI - [Benemycin (rifampicin) concentration in the sex gland excretions in chronic prostatitis]. AB - Penetration of benemycin (rifampicin) into the prostate secretion and ejaculate of patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis was studied. It was found that oral administration of the drug in a dose of 300 mg 2 times a day provided bacteriostatic concentrations of the antibiotic in the sexual gland excretions and the treatment efficacy of patients with prostatitis. PMID- 7369735 TI - [Intensification of the cytostatic action of adriamycin and carminomycin by amphotericin B]. AB - Amphotericin B has a significant cytostatic effect on lymphadenosis cells of mice NK/LY. In a concentration of 6 units/ml it inhibits an increase in total nucleic acids by 50 per cent. Such cytostatic effect of amphotericin B combines with the effect of carminomycin and adriamycin. In concentrations having no cytostatic effect amphotericin B does not enhance the action of adriamycin and carminomycin on tumor cells. PMID- 7369738 TI - Cutaneous chylous reflux. PMID- 7369737 TI - Dermatologists in the soviet union. PMID- 7369739 TI - Diagnosis of secondary syphilis. PMID- 7369740 TI - Sarcoidosis responding to allopurinol. PMID- 7369741 TI - Bowenoid papulosis of the genitalia. PMID- 7369742 TI - Retinoids in dermatology: an interim report. PMID- 7369743 TI - The correlation of disease activity and antibody titers in pemphigus. AB - Twenty cases of pemphigus extracted from the literature and 19 patients from UCLA with pemphigus were studied in detail regarding the possible correlation of pemphigus titer and disease activity. A statistically significant relationship between titer and disease activity, as well as change in titer and change in disease activity, was found. However, in spite of this relationship, serial titers were not found to be consistent enough to be used reliably as a guide to therapy or prognosis in pemphigus. PMID- 7369744 TI - Connective tissue panniculitis. AB - Two patients with lobular lymphohistiocytic panniculitis had chronic lesions that produced subcutaneous atrophy and that were responsive to antimalarial drugs. Massive lymphocytic infiltrate was associated with caseation necrosis of the fat lobules. In both patients, an unusual antibody to extractable nuclear antigen was seen, and antinuclear antibody was sometimes present. The unusual manifestation, course of the disease, serologic findings, and response to therapy suggest that the panniculitis is related to (but does not evolve into) lupus erythematosus panniculitis or subcutaneous morphea or both. A satisfactory term for this entity would be "connective tissue panniculitis." PMID- 7369745 TI - The relationship of dermatomyositis and polymyositis to internal malignancy. AB - The association of malignancy with dermatomyositis and polymyositis has been questioned. During the last 20 years (1956 to 1975), we have studied 58 cases of myositis that met predefined diagnostic criteria. These cases were analyzed for the frequency of malignancy, prognosis, and the value of a diagnostic test series for malignancy. A significantly greater frequency of malignancy was found with dermatomyositis than with polymyositis. The prognosis of dermatomyositis and polymyositis appears to be altered in the presence of malignancy. In the absence of malignancy, the prognosis is similar in the two forms of myositis. Lastly, the value of a screening laboratory and roentgenographic investigation for the presence of occult malignancy beyond a thorough history, physical examination, and the use of basic laboratory tests such as complete blood count, stool gualac test, urinalysis, multiphasic analysis, and chest roentgenogram was not documented by this study. PMID- 7369746 TI - Clinical differentiation of adult-onset cavernous angioma from nodular malignant melanoma. AB - Asymptomatic nodules, suspected of being nodular melanomas, were subjected to 30 s of direct pressure. All the biopsy-proven nodular melanomas remained unchanged by this procedure. The nodules later proven by biopsy to be angiomas were found to collapse slowly in response to pressure. This test can be used to identify angiomas. It should be employed in the routine clinical examination of lesions suspected of being nodular melanomas. PMID- 7369747 TI - Cutaneous hypermelanosis and intramelanotic lipid droplets. AB - Intramelanocytic lipid droplets have been observed in 12 patients with different types of hypermelanosis of the skin. These include drug-induced hypermelanosis, hypermelanosis secondary to use of physical agents, hypermelanotic morphea, generalized scleroderma with diffuse hypermelanosis, a hyperkeratotic tumor in xeroderma pigmentosum, aberrant mongolian spot, and methoxsalen-ultraviolet-A induced hypermelanosis. Lipid storage was selectively observed in melanocytes. Most of the melanocytes with lipid vacuoles showed ultrastructural signs of hyperactive melanosome synthesis and certain cytoplasmic abnormalities such as melanosomal autophagic vacuole formation and mitochondrial alterations. The importance and the origin of the lipid droplets remain unclear. PMID- 7369748 TI - Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria. AB - In a case of hepatoerythropoietic porphyria (HEP) with unusual features, the patient had onset of photosensitivity in infancy, followed by spontaneous resolution of photosensitivity by the age of 7 years. Seven other cases of HEP have been found in the medical literature; the disease has systemic complications, mainly liver disease and anemia, and is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Certain clinical and biochemical features distinguish HEP from erythropoietic porphyria and erythropoietic protoporphyria, the two diseases with which HEP is often confused. PMID- 7369749 TI - The Torre syndrome with gastrointestinal polyposis. AB - Multiple cutaneous sebaceous neoplasms with or without keratocanthomas are associated with internal low-grade malignant neoplasms, usually of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (Torre syndrome). We describe a 75-year-old man with multiple sebaceous adenomas, sebaceous epithellomas, and keratoacanthomas in association with multiple colonic polyps. In one polypoid lesion, an adenocarcinoma was noted histologically. Although GI tract carcinoma is clearly established with the Torre syndrome, the occurrence of multiple GI polyps has not been recognized to our knowledge. PMID- 7369751 TI - Basal cell epitheliomas after repeated fluoroscopic examinations of the chest. AB - In two patients who received artificial pneumothorax therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis, many basal cell epitheliomas on the thoracic skin developed 26 and 30 years later. Pneumothorax therapy as done in the 1930s and 1940s required frequent fluoroscopic examinations of the chest for several years, resulting in a considerable cumulative dose of radiation. Skin cancer may now be developing in predisposed individuals after an average latent period of 25 years, making it likely that more of these patients will come to our attention. PMID- 7369750 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma arising in lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus in black persons. AB - Squamous cell carcinoma developing in lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus is rare. This article describes two patients, one with a carcinoma of the scalp and one with carcinoma of the upper lip. A review of the literature on squamous cell carcionoma in black persons as well as squamous cell carcinoma of the upper lip is presented. PMID- 7369752 TI - Erythema nodosum migrans in a young woman. AB - A case of erythema nodosum migrans in a 16-year-old girl is reported. We believe this to be the youngest patient described to date. The patient responded promptly to therapy with potassium iodide. The causes, pathogenesis, and treatment of the condition are discussed. PMID- 7369753 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to quinones in Paphiopedilum haynaldianum (Orchidaceae). AB - An eczematous eruption developed on the hands and forearms of a 68-year-old man after frequent contact with homebred specimens of the lady slipper Paphiopedilum haynaldianum. Patch tests with leaves, petals, and stems, as well as with two quinones isolated from the plant by thin-layer chromatography, gave strongly positive reactions. The results demonstrated that the recurrent skin lesions were the expression of an allergic contact dermatitis due to the quinoid constitutnets, which are the main contact allergens in this orchid species. PMID- 7369754 TI - Superficial epithelioma with sebaceous differentiation. AB - Six cutaneous tumors developed in a 48-year old man, involving his face, right axilla, trunk, and right thigh, during an eight-year period. Biopsy of the lesions demonstrated multiple plate-like lobules of basophilic cells, with broad attachments to the overlying epidermis. Keratin-filled cysts and clusters of sebaceous cells were present within the lobules. None of the tumors have recurred following electrodesiccation and curettage. PMID- 7369755 TI - Basal cell carcinoma with annular leukoderma mimicking leukoderma acquisitum centrifugum. PMID- 7369756 TI - Benign leukokeratosis of the areolae and abdomen. PMID- 7369757 TI - Disseminated cutaneous granulomas from BCG therapy. PMID- 7369758 TI - Partial unilateral lentiginosis. PMID- 7369759 TI - Basal cell epithelioma in a BCG vaccination scar. PMID- 7369760 TI - Cutaneous plasmacytoma? PMID- 7369761 TI - Generalized malignant acanthosis nigricans. PMID- 7369762 TI - Treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 7369763 TI - Acute onycholysis from rust-removing agents. PMID- 7369764 TI - Sebaceous gland on sole of foot? PMID- 7369765 TI - Exophthalmos in relapsing polychondritis. PMID- 7369766 TI - Hair changes in acrodermatitis enteropathica. PMID- 7369767 TI - Lymphoma and gammopathy. PMID- 7369768 TI - The consequences of not diagnosing erythropoietic protoporphyria. PMID- 7369770 TI - Papular eruption in black men. AB - A persistent papular eruption in black men characterized clinically by small, pruritic papules and histologically by a mononuclear cell-eosinophil perivascular infiltrate is described. This disorder, seen only in young black men, is not readily classifiable within existing dermatologic taxonomy. PMID- 7369769 TI - Methotrexate hepatotoxicity in psoriasis. Consideration of liver biopsies at regular intervals. AB - Fibrosis of the liver developed to a degree that contraindicated further treatment with methotrexate in 11 of 43 patients who had been receiving maintenance therapy with methotrexate for psoriasis. Liver biopsy had been performed prior to initiation of methotrexate therapy and was repeated at 12- to 18-month intervals. In this retrospective study, age of the patient and duration of therapy have been found to be significant factors in those patients receiving only the weekly oral dosage schedule. Yearly biopsies of the liver are recommended for patients who receive methotrexate throughout their courses of therapy. PMID- 7369772 TI - Bowen's and non-Bowen's squamous intraepidermal neoplasia of the skin. Relationship to internal malignancy. AB - The relationship of Bowen's disease to internal malignancy is controversial. We have studied 72 cases of Bowen's disease and compared them with 58 cases of non Bowen's squamous intraepidermal neoplasia (SIN). Clinical data were obtained in all cases in an attempt to identify carcinogens and to detect the occurrence of other cutaneous or internal malignancies. Internal malignancy was not found more commonly in patients with Bowen's disease than in those with other forms of SIN. However, 5.7% of all patients win SIN were found to have a concurrent internal malignancy. Other cutaneous malignancies were also more frequent in these groups and may relate to sun exposure. Evidence for arsenic ingestion was not found in most patients. We believe that SIN either as Bowen's or non-Bowen's type may serve as an important marker for the presence of internal malignancy. PMID- 7369771 TI - The hairless mouse as a model for evaluating sunscreens. Prevention of ultraviolet B inhibition of epidermal DNA synthesis. AB - A sunscreen's effectiveness is usually determined by its ability to prevent ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced skin erythema. This criterion requires subjective interpretation. We propose a new method of evaluating sunscreens based on the known effect of UV-B radiation (290 to 320 nm) to inhibit DNA synthesis. Using hairless mice, we found that sulisobenzone (Uval) and aminobenzoic acid (PreSun) sunscreens differ substantially in their ability to prevent inhibition of epidermal cell DNA synthesis by UV-B radiation. By estimating the UV-B dose required to inhibit DNA synthesis by 50%, with and without sunscreen, a protective factor of 5.6 and 14.4 was calculated for sulisobenzone and aminobenzoic acid, respectively. This technique is an objective way to evaluate sunscreen effectiveness and could be a useful screening procedure for sunscreen preparations before final efficacy testing in humans. PMID- 7369774 TI - Cheyletiella dermatitis. A mite infestation of rabbit, cat, dog, and man. AB - Two patients with recurrent, intensely pruritic, grouped red papules on the chest, abdomen, and thighs were examined and found to have Cheyletiella dermatitis. Cheyletiella, a nonburrowing species of mite, was isolated from fur brushings of the household pets, including one dog and two cats. Treatment of the affected pets resulted in complete resolution of symptoms and signs in both animals and patients. This appears to be the third instance of human Cheyletiella dermatitis recorded in North America. PMID- 7369773 TI - Multiple clear cell acanthomas. AB - Clear cell acanthoma is usually a solitary benign epidermal tumor. Multiple lesions are rarely encountered, and only 11 such cases could be found in the literature. In all cases, the lesions were limited to the lower extremities. A few of the patients have had ichthyosis and/or varicose veins. We describe a 12th patient who, in addition to leg lesions, had lesions on the trunk and associated dry skin. PMID- 7369775 TI - Cutaneous granulomas in malignant lymphoma. AB - Two patients are described in whom the clinical manifestation of massive, localized dermal and subcutaneous epithelioid granulomatous masses occasioned an extensive year-long search for infectious organisms. In both instances, the true diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease or lymphoma was ultimately made by means of lymph node biopsy. PMID- 7369776 TI - Coumarin necrosis. AB - Necrosis of the skin developed soon after the initiation of coumarin therapy in an elderly woman. Inadvertent rechallenge resulted in similar lesions. Coumarin necrosis is a poorly understood phenomenon unlikely to respond to therapy. Fortunately, its incidence is quite rare, considering the widespread use of this anticoagulant. PMID- 7369777 TI - Multiple erythematous nodules as a manifestation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia. AB - In two patients with Pseudomonas septicemia, numerous large, indurated, subcutaneous nodules developed. These lesions, as well as the other cutaneous manifestations present, resolved with antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7369778 TI - Triangular lunulae. A clue to nail-patella syndrome. AB - The nail-patella syndrome has been of interest to dermatologists because the diagnosis of this multisystem complex may be suggested simply by observing the patient's abnormal nails. It is the purpose of this article to call attention to triangular lunulae and other nail abnormalities associated with this syndrome, as well as other causes of triangular lunulae. PMID- 7369779 TI - The relative importance of risk factors in nonmelanoma carcinoma. AB - The relative importance of risk factors such as solar exposure, complexion, age, and the ability to tan were examined for their relationships to the development of basal and squamous cell carcinoma. Three samples were studied: patients with basal cell carcinoma (N = 366), patients with squamous cell carcinoma (N = 58), and control subjects (N = 294). The technique of logistic regression was used to estimate the relative risk of each type of carcinoma. Solar exposure was the most important risk factor for both basal and squamous cell carcinoma; however, the ability to tan was shown to be of special importance even at low levels of exposure. Given the same level of cumulative lifetime solar exposure, subjects over 60 years of age were shown to be at higher risk for nonmelanoma carcinoma than those at younger ages. Complexion was only shown to be significant for basal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7369780 TI - Loss of dermal elastic tissue in solar elastosis. PMID- 7369781 TI - Zosteriform lentiginous nevus. PMID- 7369782 TI - Accumulation of cadmium by Nereis virens. AB - Cadmium concentration in Nereis virens exposed to sediment spiked with cadmium increased linearly with time, no equilibrium concentration being indicated by 24 days of exposure. The concentration with N. virens also increased with concentration of Cd in the sediment, and smaller worms accumulated higher amounts per unit weight than larger worms. With exposure to sediment containing 1 to 4 ppm Cd, accumulation rates ranged from 0.018 to 0.037 microgram Cd/g dry wt/hr for 1- to 2-g worms and from 0.014 to 0.024 microgram Cd/g dry wt/hr for 5- to 7 g worms. N. virens exposed to 0.03 to 9.2 ppm Cd in sea water for 14 days had accumulation rates of 0.019 to 2.217 microgram Cd/g dry wt/hr for 1- to 2-g worms and 0.013 to 1.327 microgram Cd/g dry wt/hr for 5- to 7-g worms. There was practically no excretion of cadmium for N. virens with initial concentrations of 5 to 20 microgram Cd/g dry wt during 75 days in clean conditions. Sediment containing 1 and 4 ppm Cd produced concentrations of about 0.03- and 0.1-ppm cd in the overlying water. The accumulation rates from sediment with 1 and 4 ppm Cd are equal to the rates from sea water with 0.03 and 0.1 ppm Cd, respectively, indicating that cadmium uptake by N. virens is primarily from the aqueous phase. PMID- 7369783 TI - Congenital abnormalities in nickel poisoning in chick embryos. AB - Experiments were conducted to evaluate the teratogenic potential of nickel chloride given to developing chick embryos. Nickel chloride was dissolved in saline and injected into chicken eggs at dosages ranging from 0.02 to 0.7 mg per egg. The injections were made into the air sacs of eggs at days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 of incubation. Control eggs were injected with an equivalent volume of saline (0.1 ml per egg); in all, 840 chicken eggs were used. All embryos were examined on day eight. The following malformations were observed: exencephaly, everted viscera, short and twisted neck, short and twisted limbs, microphthalmia, hemorrhage, and reduced body size. The dose-response relationship was observed in all of the groups tested. The toxicity and teratogenicity of nickel chloride was the highest in the embryos treated at day 2. The results of the present study indicate that nickel chloride is teratogenic. PMID- 7369784 TI - Uptake, depuration, and distribution of selenium in Daphnia and its effects on survival and ultrastructure. AB - Selenium is an important essential nutritional trace element which has been shown to provide protection against certain other metal poisoning. However, it is a suspected carcinogen and teratogen. The uptake, depuration, and toxicity of selenium in Daphnia pulex have been examined. The LC50 at 48 and 96 hr for juvenile animals is 0.6 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L respectively, and for adults it is 1.3 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L respectively. Uptake in adult unfed animals is rapid, reaching a maximum at about 12 hr, but depuration is slow. In fed animals, uptake is slower, reaching a maximum at 96 hr, but initial depuration is followed by a slower prolonged loss. Localization in cells is primarily in the cytoplasmic compartment although evidence is presented which suggests nucleolar localization. Ultrastructural damage is detected by 16 hr after exposure and is initially confined to the mitochondria. Dense deposits accumulate in the mitochondrial matrices. The nature of these deposits is unknown; they may represent a calcium- or phosphate-selenium complex. With time, the mitochondria degenerate. It is clear that relatively low concentrations of selenium are toxic to these aquatic organisms and render them incapable of survival in the natural environment. Concentrations higher than those lethal to Daphnia can be expected, at least in local areas, from the burning or conversion of fossil fuels. PMID- 7369785 TI - Effects of sublethal sodium dichromate exposure in freshwater on the salinity tolerance and serum osmolality of juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, in seawater. AB - To stimulate a potential field situation in which seaward-migrating juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, pass through Cr-polluted freshwater (FW) before being exposed to seawater (SW), the effects of sublethal FW exposure to Cr (as sodium dichromate) on salinity tolerance and serum osmolality after transfer to SW were investigated. SW survival was significantly decreased in salmon exposed in FW to 0.23 mg Cr/L for four weeks or to 0.5 mg Cr/L for two weeks and transferred to 20 or 30 parts per thousand (%) salinity, respectively. Serum osmolality, measured after two weeks of FW exposure to 0.0 or 0.5 mg Cr/L and after transfer to 20 or 30% SW, was significantly higher in Cr-exposed fish from one-half to two days after SW transfer but not at the end of the FW exposure period or at seven days after SW transfer. These effects in SW occurred at Cr exposure concentrations which had no effect on survival or serum osmolality in FW. It is suggested that Cr acted non-specifically on osmoregulatory epithelia to cause excessive dehydration in SW, and that measurement of salinity tolerance and serum osmolality may be sensitive and ecologically realistic indicators of sublethal toxicity in aquatic animals. PMID- 7369786 TI - Comparative toxicity of arsenic compounds and their accumulation in invertebrates and fish. AB - The toxicity of arsenic III, arsenic V, sodium dimethyl arsenate, and disodium methyl arsenate to stoneflies, snails, amphipods, and trout, and the bioaccumulation of these compounds were studied during a 28-day flow-through test. Daphnia magna were exposed for 21 days in static tests to determine life cycle effects. All animals were exposed to concentrations of approximately 100 and 1000 microgram/L (as arsenic) of each of the compounds. Arsenic III, the most toxic compound, caused a significant reduction in the survival of amphipods at 1000 microgram As/L after seven days. None of the compounds significantly affected the survival of other test species after 28 days or reduced young production in Daphnia after 14 days of exposure. The concentration of accumulated arsenic in stoneflies, snails, and Daphnia was as much as 131, 99, and 219 times greater than the water concentration, whereas amphipods and rainbow trout contained arsenic residues similar to the controls. Residues in stoneflies, snails, and Daphnia exposed to 1000 microgram As/L were higher than those in animals exposed to 100 microgram As/L, but appeared to reach a steady state after 14 days. Total arsenic accumulation was greatest in organisms exposed to inorganic arsenic, particularly at 100 microgram/L. PMID- 7369787 TI - Combined effect of metals on biogenic amines and their distribution in the brain of mice. AB - The toxic effects of manganese in combination with iron or copper on the brain tissue of mice were investigated. The combined administration of manganese and iron decreased the accumulation of manganese in the brain compared to manganese treatment alone. This indicated that excess iron may influence the absorption of manganese. Combined exposure to manganese and copper resulted in marked accumulation of copper in the brain. This is of great concern, since excess copper in brain produces incoordination in body movements. Thus, the combined exposure of these two metals, even in permissible limits, may produce serious brain dysfunctions. The combined administration of manganese with iron or copper has also significantly altered the levels of brain tryptophan and 5 hydroxytryptamine. PMID- 7369789 TI - Mercury accumulation in and growth rate of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, stocked in an eastern Oregon reservoir. AB - Mercury concentrations in lateral muscle tissue from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) stocked in a mercury contaminated eastern Oregon reservoir increased linearly during the first five months that the fish were in the reservoir, followed by a leveling off period during which the mercury uptake curve became nearly asymptotic after eight months. In addition, the mean mercury concentrations present in three year classes of trout which had lived in the reservior for 7, 19, and 31 months, respectively, were not significantly different, indicating that the uptake curve remains nearly asymptotic indefinitely. The shape of the curve is believed to be a result of exchange equilibria between water and tissue and factors that influence fish metabolism. It is estimated that 0.05 microgram Hg/L of methylmercury in water would have accounted for all of the methylmercury accumulated by trout in the reservoir. Growth rates (mg/g per day) of trout in the reservoir ranged from 0.7 in December to 39.7 in April, resulting in food consumption rate estimates ranging from 25 to 140 mg/g per day. PMID- 7369788 TI - Toxicity and bioaccumulation of cadmium in the colonial green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. AB - A laboratory investigation was conducted to study the extent and efficiency of cadmium bioaccumulation in Scenedesmus obliquus by subjecting this alga to varied sublethal Cd concentrations. The influence of cell population age on Cd bioaccumulation was also studied. Under the experimental conditions employed, growth was not significantly affected by Cd concentrations ranging from 0.01 ppm to 1.00 ppm. At concentrations above 1.00 ppm, however, growth was inhibited markedly. Increases in external Cd concentration caused an increase in total bioaccumulation over the entire range of concentrations, which did not significantly affect growth. Efficiency of Cd bioaccumulation was also concentration dependent, but maximum accumulation efficiency occurred in a medium with a Cd concentration lower than that medium in which maximum total bioaccumulation occurred. Age of the cell population influenced the extent of Cd bioaccumulation. Rapidly growing, young cultures accumulated less Cd than older cultures approaching stationary growth phase. PMID- 7369790 TI - Trisomies and triploidies in hamster embryos: induction by low-pressure hypoxia and pH imbalances. AB - The authors produced trisomic and triploid embryos by mating hamster females approximately 1 hr before estimated ovulation and subsequently submitting them to low-pressure atmospheres equivalent to those found at mountain altitudes for 6 hr. During hypoxic exposures in the low-pressure chamber, the continuous monitoring of pH levels--both subcutaneously and intramuscularly--registered pH decreases from inital values as high as 7.6 to below 6.9. These findings indicate that trisomies in some embryos and triploidies in others have their origin in different, but related mechanisms involving maternal pH imbalances between ovulation and fertilization. PMID- 7369791 TI - Blood lead levels and age: a study in two male urban populations not occupationally exposed. AB - Blood lead was measured in two adult male populations who were submitted to different environmental lead exposures. Their differential variations in mean blood lead vs. age result from the difference between the external lead concentrations. It is inferred that a homeostasis phenomena plays a significant role and that the blood compartment is unable to adapt to some extent to a high environmental lead exposure. PMID- 7369792 TI - An autoradiographic search for radioactive particles in the lungs of cigarette smokers. AB - Mucosal samples from the bifuracation of a major bronchus were examined from 23 patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. Samples were autoradiographed using a technique that avoids any contact between tissue and reagents until the end of autoradiographic exposure. The autoradiographs were scanned for a-particle tracks. No significant level of alpha -activity was detected, even in samples from heavy smokers who had continued to smoke within several hours of the bronchoscopy. The lower limit of detection of a-activity in this experiment was equivalent to about 55.5 becquerrels/kg (1,500 pCi/kg) Polonium-210. These results do not support the hypothesis presented by others that a radioactivity in particulate material of cigarette smoke contributes significantly to the association between cigarette-smoking and bronchial carcinoma. PMID- 7369793 TI - Lung cancer among pesticide workers exposed to inorganic arsenicals. PMID- 7369794 TI - Radiation equivalency of 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. AB - A scale based upon the induction of anti-tumor cellular immune responses has been described which relates the in vivo mutagenic/carcinogenic potential of an environmental agent with that of ionizing radiation. Such a potential (radiation equivalency) has now been determined in rats for the gastrointestinal carcinogen 1, 2,-dimethylhydrazine as compared with the effects induced by X-irradiation of only the small intestine. The preliminary results suggest that such scales may be readily constructed based upon environmental immunology concepts which relate the potential hazard of an agent to be weighed alongside the maximum allowable population limits of ionizing radiation. PMID- 7369795 TI - Cariostasis by moderate doses of selenium in the rat model. AB - The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of dietary selenium present during tooth development on dental caries. Ten-day pregnant rats received either distilled drinking water or water containing 0.8 ppm or 2.4 ppm selenium, as sodium selenite or selenomethionine, until the pups were weaned. Buccal caries were measured in the pups after being fed a MIT--200 diet for 7 wk. Moderate levels (0.8 ppm) of developmental selenium significantly reduced caries in male rats when compared to control rats or to rats receiving high levels of selenium (2.4 ppm). The results indicated that moderate doses of selenium were cariostatic. PMID- 7369796 TI - Water hardness in relation to cadium accumulation and microscopic signs of cardiovascular disease in horses. AB - The hardness of drinking water (i.e., the sum of calcium and magnesium concentrations) has been related to cadmium concentration in kidney cortex and to microscopic signs of arteriosclerosis and focal myocardial fibrosis in 50 Swedish horses slaughtered for meat production. A significant negative correlation was found between water hardness and cadmium concentrations in kidney cortex. This indicates that horses living in soft water areas are more inclined to accumulate cadmium from the general environment. Microscopic changes in the aorta and myocardium were approximately 2 times as frequent in horses that drank soft water compared to horses that drank hard water. The differences were, however, not statistically significant. It is concluded that horses are well suited for studies of the "water factor". PMID- 7369797 TI - Cardiopulmonary function and morphologic changes in beagle dogs after multiple lung lavages. AB - This study evaluated the long-term biomedical risks risks of multiple, massive saline lung lavage using dogs. Risks were assessed using clinical examinations of cardiopulmonary function, thoracic radiographs, auscultation of the chest, body temperature, and hematologic values. Thirty-six dogs given 10 lavages over a 49 day period had no gross lesions at time of necropsy 7 days after the last lavage. Six dogs, followed with clinical examinations after each of 10 lung lavages, had no detectable effects from the lavage except for elevated body temperature and bronchial breathing at 24 hr after some procedures. No gross lesions were found at sacrifice 28 days after the last lavage. The only histologic lesions found were those also found in unlavaged control dogs. Six dogs that were lavaged 10 or more times had normal pulmonary function values for 4 yr after the last lung lavage. No chronic sequelae were found in healthy beagle dogs given 10 or more lung lavages suggesting a minimal long-term risk associated with these procedures. PMID- 7369798 TI - Cancer mortality in United States counties with metal electroplating industries. AB - A survey of cancer mortality from 1950 to 1969 was conducted in U.S. counties where greater than 0.1% of the county's population was employed in the metal electroplating and coating industry. The mortality rates for several cancers, particularly of the esophagus and larynx, in these counties were higher than rates for a group of control counties with comparable demographic characteristics. Further study is needed to determine if these patterns result for worker exposures to substances such as caustic acids and alkalies, metals, and organic solvents commonly used in this industry. PMID- 7369800 TI - [Changes in the shape of the uterine cervix and the development of its epithelium from birth to adolescence. A vaginoscopic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369799 TI - The relation between seasonal birth variation and the season of the mother's birth. AB - Seasonal birth variation was investigated in relation to the season of the mother's birth by examining: (1) 21,517 case records of a maternity hospital in Tokyo, Japan, for the period between 1925 and 1960 and (2) 2,348 questionnaires on mothers and their offsprings. In general, the birth rate was the lowest in the May--July season but mothers born in May--July of 1896 through 1915 and February- April of 1916 through 1935 had their births more evenly distributed throughout the year. The less season-sensitive mothers were more fertile than the others. The existence of some epidemic and immunogenic "seasonal infertile factors" is put forward as an explanation for these phenomena. PMID- 7369801 TI - [Problems of distinction of normal, arteficial and pathological structures in mature human placental villi. III. Morphometric studies in rhesus incompatibility (author's transl)]. AB - Sections of human placental villi which were up to 80 micrometer in diameter were examined light microscopically and morphometrically. The villi were obtained by taking an aspiration biopsy of the attached placenta from 20 normal patients at term and from eight patients delivered at or before 37 weeks because of varying degrees of rhesus incompatibility. The distribution of three histological types of villi was determined. The intermediate villi from patients with erythroblastosis showed an increase in number and volume matching the severity of the disease. The intermediate villi also showed an increase in the amount of cytotrophoblasts, in the amount of materno-fetal diffusion surface area, in the thickness of syncytium, and in the number of Hofbauer cells. The terminal villi were not affected by erythroblastosis and the mature end villi showed a relative decrease in number. To obtain these results an optimal fixation technique was required. PMID- 7369802 TI - Regeneration of secretory epithelium in the human endocervix. AB - Biopsies of hum endocervix were obtained from healthy women at day 5, 15, and 25 of the menstrual cycle, and immediately incubated with 3H-thymidine in a culture medium for 1 to 2 h. A few labelled nuclei were found in thick, semi-thin, and ultra-thin sections and indicated that gland cells of the columnar epithelium of the endocervix were capable of DNA synthesis and hence mitosis, independent of the menstrual cycle. As basal or "reserve" cells were less frequently labelled than differentiated epithelial cells, the findings suggested renewal of the secretory epithelium of the endocervix without cell replacement by basal or "reserve" cells. We discuss the implications of the results for the understanding of normal and neoplastic regeneration and for the treatment of cancer. PMID- 7369803 TI - The use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of pelvic pathology. AB - At the Universitats-Frauenklinik Koln (Cologne) 515 patients with gynecological symptoms underwent 597 clinical and ultrasound examinations; 224 patients had a subsequent laparotomy which offered means of checking the clinical and ultrasound findings. There was full agreement between ultrasound and clinical examination in 80%, partial agreement in 9%, and no agreement in 11%. Ultrasound provided information not gained by clinical means in 12%. In those patients subjected to operation clinical examination provided correct and complete diagnoses in 70% of patients, partially correct diagnoses in 19%, and wrong diagnoses in 11%. Ultrasound, however, provided correct diagnoses in 78%, partially correct diagnoses in 14%, and wrong diagnoses in only 8%. The results of ultrasound and clinical findings tallied in 51%, in 38% the ultrasonogram provided more precise information than palpation, and in 11% the clinical findings were more revealing than ultrasound examination. Additional valuable information was provided by 13% of ultrasonograms. Ultrasonography was not a precise predictor of malignancy. PMID- 7369804 TI - The role of H.I.D.A./P.I.P.I.D.A. scanning in diagnosing cystic duct obstruction. AB - A newer approach to the early diagnosis of acute biliary tract disease is review. Ninety-two patients were evaluated with a new hepatobiliary agent (H.I.D.A/P.I.P.D.A.) for the presence of cystic duct obstruction. Seven patients with suspected acute gall bladder disease were dropped from the study for the lack of pathologic confirmation of the diagnosis. Forty-four of the remaining 85 patients were subsequently operated on and found to have acute cholecystitis. Forty-three of the 44 had cystic duct obstruction demonstrated on H.I.D.A. Scan (one false negative). An additional 23 patients underwent cholecystectomy for chronic disease. In this group, the gallbladder scan was only 43% (10/23) accurate in correctly identifying disease. Eighteen patients with nonbiliary disease had normal scans. The accuracy of ultrasonography and the scan are also compared in a smaller subgroup of 53 patients who had both studies. PMID- 7369806 TI - Jejunoileal arteriovenous malformation: localization for resection by segmental bowel staining techniques. AB - Arteriovenous malformations, submucosal vascular lakes, of the jejunum and ileum which cause chronic gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia are easily identified before operation by selective arteriography but difficult at operation owing to lack of physical signs. This report is concerned with a patient who had such a lesion located in the proximal jejunum. The involved segment was easily identified at operation by injection of Indigo Carmine solution during operation into the involved jejunal artery subselectively catheterized immediately prior to operation. The duration of jejunal staining before resection was 45 minutes in this case and varied from 35 to 55 minutes in five other patients who had right colectomy for carcinoma, providing the opportunity to inject accurately in a conveniently located radiology suite before operation. Safe, convenient, longer periods of staining which could be performed at the time of original diagnosis were demonstrated in dog experiments using "biologic" colloidal carbon in which the bowel segment was well stained at the time of sacrifice five days after injection. There were no gross or microscopic signs of injury to bowel. PMID- 7369805 TI - Determinants of adverse reaction following postoperative T-tube cholangiogram. AB - The incidence, nature, and mechanisms of adverse reaction following postoperative T-tube cholangiogram have received little attention in the medical literature. This paper presents the experience at one hospital over a 30-month period (1975- 1977) covering 139 patients who had 170 cholangiograms. Factors examined included intraoperative and postoperative cultures of bile, the use of antibiotics prior to the performance of the cholangiogram, the technique of cholangiography, the interval between operation and cholangiogram. Eleven (6.5%) cholangiograms were followed by an adverse reaction. Two of these reactions were severe, manifested by signs of septic shock. The administration of antibiotics was not associated with a reduction in adverse reactions. The cholangiographic technique of gravity infusion of dye, which effectively limits the amount of pressure generated during the study, was associated with a significant reduction in adverse reactions. No severe reactions occurred following any study performed by the gravity technique. There was no significant correlation between the age of the patient or the number of days postoperative with adverse reaction. A review of the literature suggests that the mechanism for these severe reactions is cholangiovenous reflux. The avoidance of high intraductal pressures (above 25 cm of water) during the performance of postoperative T-tube cholangiogram should significantly reduce the incidence of adverse reactions. PMID- 7369807 TI - Coarctation of the abdominal aorta: current options in surgical management. AB - Coarctation or hypoplasia of the abdominal aorta is a rare cause of life threatening hypertension. In most cases the mechanism of hypertension is elevated blood renin levels secondary to associated renal artery stenosis. Medical control of the hypertension is often difficult, and thus patients usually require renal artery revascularization combined with aortic bypass or replacement early in life. Current surgical management should optimize the use of autogenous methods of renal artery reconstruction including saphenous vein aortorenal bypass, splenorenal arterial anastomosis, hepatorenal saphenous vein bypass, and renal autotransplantation. In selected patients the reconstruction can be staged by correction of the renal artery stenosis and postponement of definitive repair of the aortic coarctation until it becomes hemodynamically significant. PMID- 7369808 TI - Early experience with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty using a vinyl balloon catheter. AB - The technique of transluminal dilatation of arterial stenoses has been greatly facilitated with the recent development of the vinyl balloon catheter by Gruntzig. Since these catheters became available to us in early 1978, we have utilized them to attempt dilatation of 62 arteries, including iliac, femoral and renal vessels. Immediate success was achieved in 57 of these vessels. There were five early complications (two distal embolizations and three prompt occlusions) and three late complications (two restenoses and one occlusion at ten days). The occlusions were all treated promptly surgically with good results and the stenoses redilated. Noninvasive pressure measurements were obtained on all patients whose iliac or femoral arteries were dilated both before and after the procedure, with objective improvement demonstrated by this method. The procedure itself is well tolerated by patients. It involves only minimal discomfort and risk and a markedly shortened hospital stay. The procedure can be easily accomplished by physicians who are thoroughly familiar with routine femoral catheterization techniques and it is believed that this technique will have a definite place in the future therapy of many cases of arterial stenosis. PMID- 7369809 TI - Modification and morphology of human umbilical cord vein as canine arterial bypass grafts. AB - Human umbilical cord veins treated with various concentrations of glutaraldehyde (GA) and ethanol (ET) were used to replace short segments of the infrarenal abdominal artery in 40 dogs. The patency rates were 62.5% (5/8) in Group I; tanned with 1% GA for 24 hours and preserved in the same solution 87.5% (7/8) in Group II; tanned with 1% GA for 24 hours and preserved in 50% ethanol, 100% (8/8) in Group III; tanned in the same manner as Group II, but preserved in 70% ET; 87.5% (7/8) in Group IV; tanned with 0.5% GA for 24 hours and preserved in 50% ET, and 87.5% (7/8) in Group V; tanned as in Group IV but preserved in 70% ET when examined 14 days to 6 months after implantation. Angiographically, most of the anastomotic lines gradually contracted with the lapse of time because of excessive proliferation of connective tissue into the intraluminal surfaces, although the structural integrity of the graft was well preserved. Microscopically, the irregular fibrin membrane covering the entire inner surface of the graft became smoother and thinner with the lapse of time. The pannus increased gradually both in thickness and width. Scanning electron-micrography of the graft revealed that no endothelial cells were found more than 5 mm from the suture lines even 6 months after implantation. Antigenicity of the graft using a complement-dependent cytotoxicity test was effectively suppressed with glutaraldehyde regardless of whether its concentration was 0.5% or 1.0%. Although human umbilical cord vein tanned with 0.5% glutaraldehyde and preserved in 50% ethanol until used was considered to be useful as an arterial substitute, final conclusion could not be drawn since six grafts followed for six months, the longest follow-up, were stenotic. PMID- 7369810 TI - Renal blood flow and intrarenal distribution of blood flow after decapsulation in the postischemic kidney. AB - Previous reports suggest the value of renal decapsulation in the prevention of renal failure after acute ischemia. It has been suggested that this response is due to a release of "compartmental" pressure resulting in increased blood flow to the decapsulated kidney. Ten dogs were evaluated following 90 minutes of renal ischemia created by occlusion of the suprarenal aorta. Each animal underwent random unilateral decapsulation, with the contralateral kidney acting as control. Labeled 15 micron microspheres (Se85 and Ce141) were injected into the left ventricle at 15 minutes and one hour following decapsulation in six dogs. In the remaining animals the injection was carried out at 15 minutes and 48 hours. No difference in renal blood flow was found between decapsulated and control kidneys in either group. Similarly, using sectioned kidneys no difference in intrarenal distribution of blood flow was found. These data suggest that the effects caused by decapsulation are not due to hemodynamic alterations. PMID- 7369811 TI - Femoral triangle sepsis in dialysis patients: frequency, management, and outcome. AB - Prosthetic devices for dialysis access sometimes have to be implanted in the groin. Infections are frequent there, and when they occur their management is influenced by the patients' need for continued dialysis, and often, by the presence of concomitant diseases. We report implantation of 161 dialysis access devices of various types, all utilizing the femoral vessels. Twenty-seven femoral triangle injections eventually occurred. Both the approach to their treatment and outcome were influenced by mode of presentation, localized infection being most favorable, and fever without localized signs least. The compromise surgical procedures made necessary by the patients' precarious medical status were successful in most instances but overall mortality was 18%, and the amputation rate 22%. PMID- 7369812 TI - Clinical characteristics of hypertension in burned children. AB - Although systemic arterial hypertension has been recognized as a common complication of thermal injury in children, its clinical characteristics have not been defined. This review of 987 burned children, treated over an 11-year period, documents development of hypertension in 195 patients (19.8%). The problem occurs most frequently in males and in the 7--10-year age group, but does not correlate with racial origin. Incidence increases with burn severity up to a 40% total surface burn. The incidence did not vary with the year of treatment when changes in patient population were eliminated. Fifteen of the 195 patients had hypertensive encephalopathy and seizure problems. No other complication or change in mortality could be related to hypertension. The problem could not be related to location of the burn wound, drug treatment, or differences in transfusion and fluid therapy. Comparison of the highest daily blood pressure measurements between matched hypertensive and normotensive groups demonstrated that the hypertensive and normotensive groups demonstrated that the hypertension is limited to the acute phase of burn wound treatment and that blood pressures are normal after complete autografting. The encephalopathy and seizure problems indicate the need for careful blood pressure monitoring and effective antihypertensive therapy in the treatment of burned children. PMID- 7369813 TI - Reticuloendothelial clearance of blood-borne particulates: relevance to experimental lung microembolization and vascular injury. AB - The rapid increase in sheep lung vascular permeability observed during Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia may be due to embolization of the pulmonary microvasculature by bloodborne particulates. Since alterations in lung microvascular permeability during mild septicemia in sheep may reflect inefficient RES phagocytic clearance of bacteria as well as products of bacterial induced intravascular coagulation, the opsonic and phagocytic aspects of RES function in sheep (30-50 kg) were compared to other species. RES function was evaluated by both the clearance and relative organ uptake of gelatinized I(131) RE test lipid emulsion and gelatinized colloidal carbon. Immunoreactive opsonic a(2)SB glycoprotein levels were determined by electroimmunoassay. The phagocytic index for RES clearance of the gelatinized (500 mg/kg) test lipid in sheep was 0.019 +/- 0.002 corresponding to a half-time of 16.65 +/- 1.74 minutes. With colloidal carbon (64 mg/kg), the phagocytic index in sheep was 0.080 +/- 0.026, corresponding to a half-time of 6.16 +/- 1.99 minutes. The per cent of injected lipid emulsion (%ID) in major RE organs, on a total organ basis (TO), was: liver = 15.69 +/- 1.65%; spleen = 2.09 +/- 0.78%. Localization in the lung = 31.39 +/- 6.2%. The per cent of carbon localized in major RE organs (%ID/TO) was: liver = 21.37 +/- 1.9%; spleen = 1.95 +/- 0.55%. Localization in the lung = 32.70 +/- 4.55%. In contrast, clearance and organ distribution of the blood-borne test microparticles in rats and dogs at the same relative challenging dose revealed a much more intense and rapid liver and spleen RES uptake with minimal lung localization (1-2%). Immunoreactive opsonic protein concentrations varied greatly with species and directly correlated with efficiency of RES function. Levels observed were: dog = 1285 +/- 135 microg/ml; mouse = 1077 +/- 67 microg/ml; rat = 400 +/- 31 microg/ml; human = 297 +/- 10 microg/ml; and sheep = 184 +/- 13 microg/ml. After intravenous particulate challenge, circulating immunoreactive opsonic protein in the sheep was depleted (p < 0.05) rapidly with partial recovery at 24 hours and mild rebound hyperopsonemia at 48 hours. This pattern is in contrast to the rapid restoration seen in dog and rat within three to six hours postchallenge. Thus, in sheep, the extensive pulmonary localization of blood-borne microparticles appears related to inefficient RES clearance function mediated by a relative deficiency of circulating opsonic protein (plasma fibronectin). PMID- 7369814 TI - Analysis of staging and management of patients with sarcoma: a ten-year experience. AB - Over ten years, 70 patients with soft tissue sarcoma were treated for their primary tumors at the hospital of The Fox Chase Cancer Center. The clinical characteristics of these tumors are correlated with the outcome of various management efforts. The results of these evaluations identify three groups that can provide the basis for future treatment decisions and stratification for randomized studies of management options. The first group of patients, those with small well differentiated tumors, have no systemic spread regardless of the treatment modality used. The second group, those with large (greater than 5 cm) tumors that are moderately or poorly differentiated, do uniformly poorly despite the management techniques used. An intermediate group, those with high grade or large size but not both, have outcomes which may be correlated to treatment modalities. PMID- 7369816 TI - Late results of reconstructive surgery for renovascular disease. AB - In order to determine the late results of reconstructive surgery for renovascular disease, a review was made of a series of 505 consecutive patients who underwent operation over a 20-year period. There were 257 males (50.9%) with an age range of 3-80 years. Renal artery bypass grafts were used in 75.4% (471/625) and thromboendarterectomy and/or patch angioplasty in 15.0% (94/625) of reconstructions. Associated vascular procedures were performed in 38.0% (186/489) of patients. Operative mortality (30-day) was 1.8% (9/489) overall, and 4.8% (9/186) with associated procedures but there was no operative mortality in 303 consecutive isolated renal artery reconstructions. The blood pressure was normal or improved in 65% of patients at a mean follow-up interval of 49.3 months, range 1-240 months. The best response rate was obtained in younger patients with isolated renal lesions. Linear regression analysis showed age at operation to be the most important determinant of blood pressure response (p < 0.003) with the presence or absence of diffuse atherosclerosis as another but less powerful determinant of responsiveness (p < 0.07). Crude 15-year survival was 70% (340/489). The overall five- and ten-year actuarial survival probabilities were 80 and 62% respectively. The most common causes of death were myocardial infarction, stroke, and cancer. Cox regression analysis for variables influencing survival indicated that age at operation (p < 0.001), sex (p < 0.01) and the presence or absence of fibromuscular disease (p < 0.002) were the major determinants of late survival with persistent severe hypertension exerting an important but lesser influence. The results of this study indicate that about two thirds of patients will experience long-term relief of hypertension after operation and that the best long-term survival and blood pressure relief will be obtained in patients less than 50 years of age. Because hypertension in females is better tolerated, younger, male patients appear to have the most to gain from successful renovascular reconstruction. PMID- 7369815 TI - Mechanisms of impaired cardiac function by vasopressin. AB - The mechanisms by which elevated levels of vasopressin (ADH) in man and animals cause serious myocardial dysfunction, evidenced by arrhythmias, reduction in cardiac output and coronary blood flow, are not settled. Experiments were conducted in 16 isolated working left ventricles to examine their metabolic and hemodynamic responses to the infusion of vasopressin and the combination of vasopressin and epinephrine. Contractile performance was evaluated by analysis of positive dP/dt, contractile element velocities, and ventricular work-curves using stroke work/end-diastolic pressure. Relaxation parameters, including negative dP/dt and the early diastolic relaxation time constant, were also studied. Coronary blood flow was reduced 22% or less by vasopressin while cardiac output was maintained at a constant level. Myocardial oxygen consumption, lactate and potassium balances were determined from arterial and coronary sinus concentrations. Vasopressin produced myocardial dysfunction indicated by decrements in contractile and relaxation indices, without evidence of global ischemia. Epinephrine restored the mechanical performance to normal without significant change in coronary blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption, or lactate and potassium balance. PMID- 7369817 TI - Asymmetric congenital deformity of the ribs. Collapse of the right side of the chest. AB - A congenital deformity of the chest is described in which all of the ribs and costal cartilages on the right side are deeply depressed, the apex of the depression being much farther lateral than is usual in pectus excavatum. The sternum is not depressed or scaphoid but is usually rotated to the right, sometimes markedly. The right breast is smaller than the left breast. Four of the patients were female and one was male. A single unsatisfactory experience demonstrated that rigid internal fixation is required. In the other four patients, triple section of the costochondral elements and appropriate elevation and fixation to Steinmann pins passed through the derotated sternum and to a Rehbein splint passed anterior to the sternum have given excellent results. PMID- 7369818 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of cannula-related intravenous sepsis in burn patients. AB - Suppurative thrombophlebitis was identified in 193 (4.2%) of 4,636 burn patients treated during the years 1960-1978. A single vein was involved in 162 patients, while 31 had multiple vein involvement. The distribution and incidence of suppuration in individual veins reflected the frequency of cannulation, with an increase in the use of central vein cannulae, during the last 10 years, paralleled by a rise in central vein suppuration. The infecting organisms reflected the patients' surface flora. Local signs of infection were present in less than half (35%) of the patients and recovery of a positive blood culture in a clinically septic patient was the most frequent clinical presentation prompting exploration of previously cannulated veins. Pathogenetic mechanisms are identified and criteria defined for determining the extent of excision necessary. Ninety veins were excised from 75 patients during the 1969-1978 period, of whom 30 (40%) survived (three other patients with antibiotic treated central vein disease also survived). Treatment failure was attributable to inadequate excision in 12 patients, suppuration within another unexcised vein in eight patients, hematogenous dissemination of infection in five patients in whom the local disease had been eradicated, and other disease in 20 patients. Prophylaxis must emphasize limited duration of cannulation. Timely diagnosis and treatment can effect maximum salvage and reduce the likelihood of systemic dissemination. PMID- 7369819 TI - The impact of chemotherapy and radiation therapy on secondary operations for neuroblastoma. AB - From January, 1969 through July, 1979, 37 children with neuroblastoma were cared for at the Oklahoma Children's Memorial Hospital. Nineteen patients with extensive disease were studied to examine the interrelationships of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and secondary surgery. Eleven children had secondary surgery in the abdomen or cervical region with one postoperative death. All patients had chemotherapy and ten had radiation therapy between the primary and secondary operation or death. Five children survived. Four of five survivors were less than one year of age at diagnosis and initial treatment. Fourteen of 15 patients, one year of age or older, died. Each case had pathologic examination of tumor before and after therapy. All survivors showed sequential maturation of tumor tissue but only one nonsurvivor had this finding. Unusual metastatic spread was found in patients having combined therapy. Multimodal therapy for advanced neuroblastoma accentuates the need for sensible timing and utilization of secondary operative procedures. The secondary procedures ideally eradicate the primary focus of tumor, and may also serve to excise selective areas of metastatic disease or to biopsy residual disease in aiding continuing therapy. Secondary surgery ought to follow the onset of radiation therapy by four to six weeks, or of chemotherapy by 12 to 24 weeks. This delay allows maximum control of primary and generalized disease, as well as maturation, differentiation, encapsulation and shrinkage of extensive initially unresectable primary tumors. PMID- 7369821 TI - Major hepatic resections for metastatic colorectal cancer. AB - In 1973, our study of patients with resectable hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer compared survival of 60 patients who had metastases removed with survival of 60 patients with similar lesions that had been biopsied only. We concluded that excision of small, apparently solitary metastatic lesions could be justified on the basis of the low operative risk and prolonged survival. However, the risks and benefits of resection of larger metastatic lesions could not be determined by that earlier study, because only seven of those patients had lesions so large as to require major hepatic resection. Therefore, to evaluate size as a determinant of prognosis after resection, we added to those 7 patients 27 others who were managed since 1973 by major hepatic resection of larger metastases. There were two hospital deaths. Of the 32 surviving patients, 82% lived one year or more, 77% 18 months or more, 58% two years or more, and 41% three years or more postoperatively. Three patients are living 10--22 years after resection. We conclude from a critical analysis of the duration and quality of life of surviving patients that at least 20% and perhaps 30% of these patients were benefited by major hepatic resection of their large hepatic metastasis. PMID- 7369820 TI - Staging laparotomy in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Staging laparotomy (multiple liver and lymph node biopsies and splenectomy) was performed at the North Carolina Baptist Hospital in 123 patients with Hodgkin's disease. There were no deaths. Wound, pulmonary, intra-abdominal or urinary tract complications developed in 17 patients. Of those complications, one case each of pelvic abscess, subphrenic abscess, small bowel obstruction, staphylococcal peritonitis and subphrenic hematoma required a major intra-abdominal operation. The patients were classified on the basis of histopathology; nodular sclerosis- 40, mixed cellularity--44, lymphocyte predominant--24, lymphocyte depleted--13, and undetermined--2. The pathological stage following laparotomy was unchanged from the clinical stage in 62%, reduced in 15%, and advanced in 23%. Subsequent therapy, therefore, was altered in 38% of the patients. Lymphangiography, done in 108 patients, showed lymph node involvement in 46 patients and no involvement in 62 patients. Of those lymphangiographic findings, 79% were confirmed histopathologically, 19% were falsely positive, and 1.8% were falsely negative. There were positive findings of Hodgkin's disease in the spleen in 42% of patients. The staging laparotomy continues to be a valuable tool in the staging and treatment of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7369822 TI - The value of serial plasma levels of carcinoembryonic antigen and gross cyst disease fluid protein in patients with breast carcinoma and osseous metastases. AB - Serial plasma levels of the glucoprotein tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and gross cyst disease fluid protein (GCDFP) were evaluated in 83 patients undergoing treatment for predominant osseous metastases from breast carcinoma. Abnormal plasma levels of CEA (greater than 10 ng/ml) and/or GCDFP (greater than 150 ng/ml) were observed in 53 (63.8%) subjects. Fifty-six courses of hormonal and chemical therapy were evaluated. Clinical response to therapy correlated positively with alterations in serial plasma levels of CEA and/or GCDFP. Increasing plasma levels of tumor markers were associated with clinical disease progression whereas decreasing plasma levels were associated with and generally preceded clinical disease remission. Of patients with metastatic carcinoma of the breast, responses to therapy are most difficult to evaluate in those with bone metastases. Serial determinations of plasma levels of CEA and/or GCDFP provide an objective indication of disease progression and regression and appear to be useful with skeletal x-rays and bone scans in evaluating patients with carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 7369823 TI - Cholecystokinin cholecystography in the diagnosis of gallbladder disease. AB - Twenty-six patients who had typical symptoms of biliary tract disease, e.g. postprandial right upper quadrant pain, nausea and vomiting, fatty food intolerance and flatulence and who had had two or more normal oral cholecystograms were subjected to cholecytokinin cholescystography. Ten patients showed a normal response to the intravenous administration of cholecystokinin, namely prompt and complete emptying of the gallbladder without producing any adverse reaction or symptoms. Sixteen patients demonstrated either no contraction or incomplete contraction of the gallbladder in response to cholecystokinin; several patients had moderate contraction of the gallbladder accompanied by symptoms of biliary colic. This latter group underwent cholecystectomy and operative cholangiography. Fifteen of the 16 patients are asymptomatic or improved, and only one patient continues to have symptoms. All removed gallbladders had histologic evidence of chronic cholecystitis. It is concluded that in some individuals with continuing symptoms suggesting gallbladder disease but normal oral cholecystograms, cholecystokinin cholecystography may be helpful in identifying physiologic dysfunction of the gallbladder. PMID- 7369824 TI - Management of blunt and penetrating injuries to the porta hepatis. AB - Injuries to the porta hepatis pose difficult problems in management, and transection of the bile ducts, portal vein and hepatic artery is among the most challenging. Twenty-one patients with severe injuries to the porta hepatis were treated over a ten-year period. Ages ranged from 13 to 56 years, and follow-up was up to nine years. Among the 14 patients with bile duct injury, eight were found to have complete transection, and five suffered a tangential laceration or incomplete disruption with a portion of a duct wall remaining intact. Five of the eight patients who had complete transection underwent primary end-to-end repair with T-tube splinting, while three were treated with primary Roux-en-Y choledocojejunostomy. All patients with incomplete disruption underwent primary repair with or without T-tube splinting. Of the five patients with complete disruption who were treated with primary end-to-end anastomosis of the bile duct in conjunction with T-tube splinting, all required secondary biliary tract reconstruction of some type. No patient with complete transection that was treated with primary Roux-en-Y biliary enteric anastomosis required reoperation. Partial transections were successfully treated with primary repair. Portal vein injury was encountered in ten patients. Injury was successfully managed by primary closure, interposition of a vein, or splenicmesenteric vein bypass. Associated injuries to liver, pancreas, kidney and duodenum were common. In four patients there was injury to the main or left or right hepatic artery which was managed successfully by repair or ligation, with or without hepatic lobectomy. By adhering to the principles of management to be outlined, many patients with injury to the porta hepatis will survive, and the long term outcome can be gratifying. PMID- 7369825 TI - The value of choledochoscopy in exploration of the common bile duct. AB - Direct visualization of the biliary tree using choledochoscopy has been recommended as a technique to improve the accuracy of common duct exploration. In several series the incidence of retained biliary calculi has been dramatically reduced using choledochoscopy, and some authors have reported the findings of other unsuspected benign and malignant lesions as well. During an eight-year period 288 patients underwent exploration of the common bile duct specifically for calculous disease. Operative rigid choledochoscopy was performed in 140 patients in this group, with 79 found to have choledocholithiasis; seven retained stones occurred in this group for an incidence of 8.9%. Routine common duct exploration in the other 148 patients revealed 67 to have choledocholithiasis; six retained stones occurred in this group for an incidence of 9.0%. Though there was no difference in the incidence of retained stones with or without choledochoscopy, 20 patients were found to have stones missed during routine exploration once the rigid choledochoscope was inserted. In addition to the obvious value of the choledochoscope in identifying and removing common duct stones, it was also found to be an aid in removing stones in the intra-hepatic ducts and in clarifying atypical anatomy. Other causes of biliary obstruction such as a liver fluke, benign polyp, benign strictures, and ductal carcinomas were identified by use of biopsy forceps inserted through the choledochoscope. It is recommended that routine choledochoscopy be performed during common duct explorations and that surgical training programs insure that residents learn the technique of operative choledochoscopy. PMID- 7369826 TI - Molybdate and sulfide inhibit H2 and increase formate production from glucose by Ruminococcus albus. AB - H2 production from glucose by Ruminococcus albus was almost completely inhibited by 10(-5) M molybdate only when sulfide was present in the growth medium. Inhibition was accompanied by a significant increase in the production of formate. Extracts of molybdate-sulfide-grown cells did not contain hydrogenase activity. Active enzyme in extracts of uninhibited cells was not inhibited by the molybdate-sulfide-containing growth medium. The results indicate that a complex formed from molybdate and sulfide prevents the formation of active hydrogenase and electrons otherwise used to form H2 are used to reduce CO2 to formate. Growth was significantly inhibited when molybdate was increased to 10(-4) M. Reversal of growth inhibition but not inhibition of H2 production occurred between 10(-4) and 10(-3) M molybdate. H2 production by R. bromei but not by R. flavefaciens, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Veillonella alcalescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli was inhibited by molybdate and sulfide. PMID- 7369827 TI - Growth yields and energy generation by Campylobacter sputorum subspecies bubulus during growth in continuous culture with different hydrogen acceptors. PMID- 7369828 TI - Requirement for calcium ions in mycobacteriophage I3 DNA injection and propagation. AB - Ca2+ ions are absolutely necessary for the propagation of mycobacteriophage I3 in synthetic medium. These ions are required for successful infection of the host and during the entire span of the intracellular development of the phage. A direct assay of the phage DNA injection using 32[P] labelled phage, shows that Ca2+ ions are necessary for the injection process. The injection itself is a slow process and takes 15 min to complete at 37 degrees C. The bacteria infected in presence of Ca2+ tend to abort if the ions are subsequently withdrawn from the growth medium. The effect of calcium withdrawal is maximally felt during the early part of the latent period; however, later supplementation of Ca2+ ions salvage phage production and the mature phage progeny appear after a delayed interval, proportional to the time of addition of Ca2+. PMID- 7369829 TI - [Pyridazine analogues of biologically active compounds, I: trans-4 Styrylpyridazines (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369830 TI - [Several virustatic cyclopropane analogs of methisazone]. PMID- 7369831 TI - [Quantitative determination of nitrofurantoin in body fluids by direct injection HPLC]. PMID- 7369832 TI - [Sila drugs, XII: Sila analogues of clorphencyclane (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369833 TI - [Sila drugs, XVII: Sila analogue of rythmol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369834 TI - [Neuropsychotropic activity of dopamine analogous phenylpropyl- and phenylcyclopropylpiperidines (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369835 TI - [Oxazolidinedione derivatives and 4-(4'-piperidyl)-antipyrines as potential anti inflammatory substances]. PMID- 7369836 TI - [Anticoagulant activity of 1,2-benzoxathiine derivatives]. PMID- 7369838 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological properties of three lidocaine cyclovinylogues. PMID- 7369837 TI - [Antimycotic agents, XII: 2-Ureidopyrimidines (author's transl)]. PMID- 7369839 TI - ACRM at the crossroads: time for reexamination and reflection. PMID- 7369840 TI - Isokinetic and isometric torque relationships in the human body. AB - To study the relationship between isokinetic and isometric torque, maximum voluntary contractions were elicited from 352 male volunteers. Knee extensors, knee flexors, elbow extensors, and elbow flexors were tested isometrically and at isokinetic velocities of 30 degrees/sec, 90 degrees/sec, and 180 degrees/sec on a modified Cybex II apparatus. Isokinetic torque declined with increasing velocity of contraction. Intercorrelations of the isometric and isokinetic torque showed a moderate to high relationship between these 2 modes of testing. A higher relationship was noted between the isometric tests and the low-velocity isokinetic tests and between isokinetic velocities that were closest together. The correlations decreased as the isokinetic velocities became more widely separated. These data suggest that the torque elicited at low-velocity isokinetic contractions can be predictive of the torque elicited during isometric contractions. Faster velocities are less related to isometric strength. PMID- 7369842 TI - Electrode effectiveness during transcutaneous motor stimulation. AB - Four types of electrodes were evaluated for clinical effectiveness in electrically stimulating the quadriceps muscles to gain knee extension for time periods lasting up to 4 days. These electrodes included self-adhering pregelled pads, solvent-activated conductive tape, carbonized conductive silicone rubber, and felt-covered metal plates. The electrodes were compared for ability to produce knee extension torque, electrical impedance, ease of application, durability, comfort, and skin reactivity. Felt-pad electrodes soaked in tap water or saline produced the highest mean torque and lowest electrical impedance, which made them excellent choices for single session stimulation. Carbon-rubber electrodes with either gel produced slightly less torque, slightly higher impedances, and only minor skin reactions. They were relatively easy to apply, and the majority remained intact for the duration of the study period. They were found to be most suitable for prolonged functional electrical stimulation of the quadriceps. Stimulation using pregelled electrodes produced the lowest torque, and they displayed consistently higher electrical impedance. Even though they were easiest to apply and survived better than the other electrodes, they also produced the most skin reactions. The torque and electrical impedance of the activated-tape electrodes were extremely variable and unpredictable, and the process of application was long and involved, making them clinically impractical for either long or short stimulation. PMID- 7369841 TI - Torque curves produced at the knee during isometric and isokinetic exercise. AB - Torque curves recorded during knee extension and flexion at various speeds of isokinetic effort and at selected positions of isometric effort were studied to determine the amount of torque generated at selected speeds of motion, the point in the arc of motion where maximal torque output occurred, the relationship between isometric and isokinetic torques, the relative value of knee flexion and extension torques at various speeds, and the constancy of results in isokinetic testing. The isokinetic torques produced were less than isometric values and decreased as the rate of motion increased. Production of peak torque output occurred later in the arc of motion as the speed of contraction increased in extension. No significant change in the relative ability of the flexors and extensors was seen as a rate of motion increased. Isokinetic test-retest differences were similar at the rates of motion tested. PMID- 7369843 TI - Rehabilitation principles in the care of gynecologic and obstetric patients. AB - Literature examining disabilities and rehabilitation in gynecologic and obstetric patients is limited. Among the musculoskeletal, vascular, neurologic, hormonal, and sexual problems described, pelvic floor laxity is the etiology for several dysfunctional states and is common to both parous and nonparous women. The focus of this paper is on one of the dysfunctional states--urinary stress incontinence- which in previous work had a reported incidence of 30% of all women and may affect up to 63% of postmenopausal women. This study, applying rehabilitation principles to diagnosis and treatment, found the incidence of stress incontinence to be 20 to 30% of women, pregnant or not, who did no specific pelvic floor exercise. A group of women, not pregnant, who did Kegel exercises for pelvic floor strengthening had only a 6% incidence of stress incontinence. There is a need to determine whether pelvic floor exercise, done effectively, could minimize this problem in postmenopausal women. Rehabilitation principles may be applied to the diagnosis and treatment of other disabling conditions in gynecology and obstetrics. PMID- 7369844 TI - Rehabilitation of blind patients with lower extremity amputations. AB - Twelve consecutive blind amputee patients, including 7 unilateral and 5 bilateral amputees with a median age of 64 years, were studied. All were fitted with prostheses, and gait training was accomplished on an outpatient basis. Seventy five percent of patients were successfully ambulating 2 years or longer following the amputation; 5 regained their preoperative levels of activity; 3 lost 1 grade; 4 lost 2 or more grades. All patients claimed that the quality of life had improved and self-respect was restored with the fitting of a prosthesis. PMID- 7369845 TI - Functional capacity evaluation: an empirical approach. AB - This paper presents an empirical approach to selecting activities of daily living (ADL) to assess the functional capacity of noninstitutionalized individuals with polyarticular disability. The results of structural analyses illustrate the feasibility of substantially reducing the task of assessing functional capacity with a subset of ADL items without sacrificing the comprehensiveness of the assessment. The analyses reveal 5 common functional categories: physical mobility, transfers, home chores, kitchen chores, and personal care, which account for over 50% of the variance in the data. PMID- 7369846 TI - Training apartment in community for spinal cord injured patients: a model. AB - This paper describes the setting of a spinal cord injury (SCI) training apartment in the community. The purposes of its location in the community as a predischarge strategy are to regain confidence in the skills relearned to live independently, to initiate positive interpersonal relationships between individuals and family or other significant caretaker persons after the separation due to long hospitalization, to aid the patient and the rehabilitation team in determining the need for further rehabilitation, and to reduce length of hospitalization. The management and accountability, physical design and layout of the apartment, and patient assignments are described. All of the 32 patients were discharged to noninstitutional settings, 30 to homes and 2 to residential schools. After 15 months none required readmission for preventable complications. PMID- 7369847 TI - Extremity amputation: disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. AB - There are occasional reports in medical literature of peripheral gangrene and subsequent extremity amputation following systemic infection. Although the authors of these case reports speculated that the gangrene was due to septic embolization, pathologic study of the amputated tissue failed to reveal evidence of septic emboli. In reviewing reports of amputation following scarlet fever, varicella, pneumococcemia, and appendicitis, we found cases with clinical, hematologic, and pathologic evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We describe 2 patients who required extremity amputation following an acute, systemic infection: transmetatarsal and Lisfranc amputation following meningococcal meningitis and bilateral below-knee amputation following pneumococcal meningitis. Both of these patients had clinical, hematologic, and pathologic evidence of DIC. Following amputation, both of these patients had significant problems with skin healing and prosthetic fitting. The presence of an acute systemic bacterial or viral infection, coagulation abnormalities and pathologic tissue indicative of DIC, and skin lesions of the extremities progressing to dry gangrene and ultimately requiring bilateral amputation are the key clinical features of this syndrome. We conclude that DIC is a major pathophysiologic mechanism responsible for peripheral gangrene following systemic infection. PMID- 7369848 TI - Exercise for postcoronary patients: an assessment of infrequent supervision. AB - Forty-nine patients who had been attending a regular weekly physician-supervised exercise program for a year or more following a myocardial infarction were transferred to an experimental regimen based on a personal activity prescription, reinforced by attendance at the physician-supervised exercise class once every 8 weeks. Data were compared with the responses of 31 patients who continued to attend the standard rehabilitation program. Ten of the 49 experimental patients showed a deterioration of cardiorespiratory fitness over the ensuing year. Of the remaining 39, 23 who had already reached a training plateau sustained their condition, while 16 showed small continuing gains of aerobic power. The infrequently supervised program proved safe, but its therapeutic effectiveness is doubtful; relative to the patients receiving standard treatment, gains of aerobic power were small, and there was some deterioration of the exercise electrocardiogram over the year of study. PMID- 7369849 TI - Extremely obese patients: improvements in exercise tolerance with physical training and weight loss. AB - The relationship between improvements in exercise tolerance and body weight was determined for 11 extremely obese patients (mean entry weight = 189kg) concomitantly participating in progressive physical training (walking-jogging) and severe caloric restriction (600kcal/day) to induce weight loss as part of a residential multidisciplinary rehabilitation program. Two standardized tests (treadmill mile-walk and graded-exhaustive) to quantitatively evaluate exercise performance were administered periodically. Significant weight reductions and improvements in exercise tolerance were observed, with measures of the latter occurring relatively sooner. Correlation coefficients between body weight and performance or physiologic response measures were extremely low, indicating widespread individual responsiveness to training and the probable separateness of training and dietary effects. A moderate inverse correlation was found between body weight and a simple measure of work performance: endurance time to volitional exhaustion (r = -0.45). Training programs of moderate rather than higher intensity, duration, and progression rate were used with this obese group. Such programs can be safely administered and will be well tolerated but therapists should recognize the inability to predict improvements in exercise performance on the basis of the current body weights of individual patients. The major application of results from standardized exercise tests, therefore, resides in direct reinforcement of patient progress. PMID- 7369850 TI - Psychosocial rehabilitation of gynecologic oncology patients. AB - This investigation studied the effectiveness of in-hospital, individual counseling on the psychosocial adjustment of patients with newly diagnosed gynecologic malignancies. Levels of psychologic distress, sexual functioning, and return to employment were assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months after counseling. The counseled patients were compared with a similar control group that was assessed but not counseled. In this study, levels of psychologic distress reported by cancer patients were similar to those reported in normal populations. However, at 3 months post-treatment, counseled cancer patients reported significantly less confusion and contradiction within areas of self-perception than did the noncounseled patients. Return to employment and sexual activities were both shown to be adversely affected by the diagnosis and treatment of genital cancer. Results suggested that counseling had a positive effect in enhancing return to normal vocational and sexual functions during the 1st year after treatment. PMID- 7369853 TI - Physiatrists and sports medicine. PMID- 7369852 TI - Mineral metabolism in spinal cord injury. AB - In 10 paraplegic and 10 quadroplegic subjects, bone resorption was investigated by determining urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, calcium, and phosphorus. Measurements were performed weekly from the onset to 4 months after injury. During the first 7 weeks following injury, urinary excretion of calcium in paraplegic and quadriplegic subjects reached the highest level (380 +/- 180 mg/24hr). From 7 to 16 weeks after injury average urinary excretion of calcium (245 +/- 72 mg/24hr) remained significantly greater than that in controls (100 +/ 25 mg/24hr; p less than 0.05). Urinary hydroxyproline was elevated in paraplegic subjects (80 +/- 18 mg/24hr) for 8 weeks and in quadriplegic subjects (102 +/- 37 mg/24hr) for the entire 16 weeks following injury compared with that in controls (48 +/- 12 mg/24hr; p less than 0.05). Both paraplegic and quadriplegic subjects excreted more phosphorus (1.6 +/- 0.4 gm/24hr) than controls (0.85 +/- 0.2 gm/24hr; p less than 0.05) only during the first 2 weeks following spinal cord injury. During the acute phase of the injury (0-3 months), urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in subjects with complete compared with incomplete spinal cord lesions. PMID- 7369851 TI - Sensory and motor activity in the posterior primary rami following complete spinal cord injury. PMID- 7369854 TI - Muscle fiber and motor endplate. PMID- 7369858 TI - Recurrent bacteriuria in complete spinal cord injury patients on external condom drainage. PMID- 7369855 TI - Fast and slow skeletal muscles: contractility evaluated by paired stimuli in mice. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate a technique for in vitro study of mouse skeletal muscle, to determine if paired stimuli would allow estimation of new time parameters of contraction. Conventional tension measurements were obtained, plus the time measurements from the paired stimulus studies. The muscles were also subjected to fatigue by repetitive tetanization. A fast muscle (extensor digitorum longus or plantaris) and a slow muscle (soleus) were studied in each preparation. Studies were conducted at physiologic (35C) and at nonphysiologic (20C) temperatures. Data obtained indicate that this isometric in vitro method allows subdivision of results into 3 categories of effect due to treatment related to the functional muscle compartments: 1) chronotropic-excitation contraction coupling mechanisms, 2) inotropic- contractile elements, and 3) metabolic (fatigue)-energy supply mechanisms. When results as 20C were compared with physiologic temperature, a negative chronotropic effect was observed for all parameters in all 3 muscles. A positive inotropic effect was observed for twitch with no change or a negative effect for all other tension parameters. The lower temperature produced slight protection from fatigue. Models were developed to demonstrate how data from isometric studies fit the original concepts developed using isotonic methods. The model and method should prove of value in detecting the acute effect of drugs or of other therapy imposed on skeletal muscles. PMID- 7369857 TI - Repetitive mechanical stress and denervation in plantar ulcer pathogenesis in rats. AB - To test the hypotheses that physiologic limits of repetitive mechanical stress can stimulate the formation of ulcers on the plantar surface of the foot, and that denervation predisposes to such ulcer formation, 90 rats were subjected to neurectomy or tenotomy and the response of each animal's hind foot to 10,000 daily repetitions of mechanical stress in a walking simulator was determined. Plantar ulceration occurred in the neurectomized animals within 7 to 10 days of commencing the simulated walking procedures. Histologic examination of all the stimulated footpads showed traumatic damage in both neurectomized and tenotomized animals. It was concluded that normal levels of repetitive mechanical stress can cause plantar ulceration and that such ulceration occurs more readily in the denervated foot. PMID- 7369856 TI - Fast and slow skeletal muscles: effect of secobarbital on contractility of muscles from mice. AB - In vitro studies were performed on fast and slow muscles from mice to determine if secobarbital sodium (SCB) has a direct effect on muscle contractility. All preparations were curarized and stimulation was direct. After baseline studies, SCB was added to the muscle bath in 1 of 4 concentrations-10, 20, 100 and 200 microgram/ml. Tetanic tension was reduced for both muscle types at SCB concentrations greater than or equal to 20 microgram/ml, and loss was progressive with increasing dose. In contrast, twitch tension (P) was increased by SCB at the 2 higher concentrations. The increase in P was due to an increase in rate of tension development plus prolongation of the time parameter (duration) of the twitch. Fatigue was accelerated by SCB for both muscle types. The results indicate that SCB has a direct and similar effect on fast and slow skeletal muscles. The probable sites of action of the drug are the excitation contraction coupling mechanisms and the mechanisms for energy production and/or utilization. PMID- 7369859 TI - Health service developments: their impact on regulation and functions of rehabilitation personnel. AB - The boundaries and responsibilities of rehabilitation personnel are defined by direct regulation of personnel through licensure and certification and by indirect regulation through the system in which the health professions work. New regulatory measures governing health personnel in the United States and other countries indicate a trend towards innovative roles and increased autonomy for rehabilitation therapists. Current developments in the American health care system will have important impacts on the functions, education, and credentialing of members of the rehabilitation team. PMID- 7369861 TI - Marked bone spur formation in a burn amputee patient. AB - This report presents an unusual case of a lower extremity burn amputee with a marked degree of bone spur formation. A 17-year-old man suffered 56% body surface area mixed-depth electrical and flame burns, necessitating left below knee amputation. He was admitted to a rehabilitation center 3 months postinjury for pylon fitting and gait training. Difficulty was encountered with poor skin tolerance to weight bearing because of the prominent distal bony margins in the stump. X-rays of the stump revealed a marked degree of linear bone spur formation, extending longitudinally from the distal tibia and fibula with multiple cross-bridges. The spur formation was considered an extensive bony exostosis of unclear etiology. Surgical revision was elected to obtain a stump more suitable for prosthetic tolerance, and to avoid a bulky "bypass" prosthesis. This stump revision enabled the patient to attain independent functional prosthetic ambulation. Although there is evidence of some recurrence of bone spur formation, this remains limited and asymptomatic. PMID- 7369860 TI - Hypertrophic burn scarring: control of chest deformities with a new device. AB - Despite the use of conventional therapeutic techniques, increasing kyphosis, chest restriction and worsening burn scar hypertrophy occurred in a 9-year-old boy with burn trauma. In an attempt to alleviate these problems a device consisting of a plastizote molded 2-piece body jacket which incorporates a full neck and chin conformer was fabricated. After the child had worn the device for approximately 6 1/2 months, shoulder and neck range of motion was full, chest expansion was normal for his age, and stature was fully erect. PMID- 7369862 TI - Ambulation energy costs. PMID- 7369863 TI - Transitional wave form series. PMID- 7369864 TI - Effects of excess 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in young rats. AB - The oral administration for 5 days of excess 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] at doses of 1, 5, and 25 micrograms/kg to rats, beginning at the age of 2 or 10 days, produced dose-dependent reductions in weight development and additional calcification near the skeleton. Alizarin red S stained skeleton revealed calcific deposits near the bones of the head, near the neural arches, between the ribs, along the bones both of the fore limbs and, to a lesser extent, of the hind limbs. Histologically, the deposits appeared to be localized primarily in the sub-epithelial connective tissues. Starting treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 (25 micrograms/kg for 5 days) at the age of 20 days produced additional calcification in 1 of 8 rats at only 1 location (lower jaw). Additional calcification as described above could no longer be induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 in 30-day-old rats using doses up to 25 micrograms/kg and 10 daily treatments. We conclude that the sensitivity of young rats to 1,25(OH)2D3-induced additional calcification, which differs in localization from that observed in adult rats, decreases with the maturation of the animals. PMID- 7369865 TI - The role of the pituitary-ovarian axis in the termination of early pregnancy in rabbits treated with ethinyl-oestradiol. AB - The pathogenesis of embryonic death following maternal treatment with ethinyloestradiol was investigated. Pregnant rabbits received daily oral doses of 0.4 mg/kg body weight of ethinyloestradiol starting on day 6 of pregnancy. Dams were autopsied after 3, 6, or 9 days of treatment. Uterine swellings, ovaries, and the pituitary gland were examined using histochemical techniques. The results showed that in the treated animals there were morphological signs indicating decreased secretory activity of gonadotrophin and prolactin producing cells of the pituitary gland, luteolysis, and embryonic death within the first few days of treatment. The present study indicated that termination of early pregnancy in rabbits is most probably due to the interference of ethinyloestradiol with the pituitary-ovarian axis which in turn results in luteolysis and impairment of luteal steroid synthesis. PMID- 7369866 TI - Developmental toxicity of guthion in rats and mice. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Guthion, a pesticide with anticholinesterase activity, on development in rats and mice. A preliminary toxicity study with Guthion indicated that a 35-day LD50 dose for virgin rats and a 10-day LD50 dose for virgin mice was between 4 and 8 mg/kg/day for both species. On the basis of these data, doses of 0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg/day were selected for the developmental study, which consisted of two phases. During the first phase, pregnant rats and mice were treated for 10 days starting on gestational day 6. The high dose affected maternal welfare only in rats. Guthion did not significantly increase in a dose-related manner any of the specific anomalies observed in either rats or mice. During the second phase, pregnant rats were treated from gestational day 6 to postpartum day 21. Dams in the high dose group were more sensitive to Guthion later in gestation with the result that deaths and signs of anticholinesterase toxicity increased during this time. Guthion also adversely affected maternal welfare in this group. As a result of Guthion toxicity, only one litter survived until weaning. The inability to dissociate toxicity in adult and developing animals suggests that Guthion has little primary effect on the development of rats or mice. PMID- 7369867 TI - Effects of trichloroethylene inhalation on proteins of the gerbil brain. AB - Inhalation exposure of adult Mongolian gerbils to 320 ppm of trichloroethylene (TCE) during 8 weeks causes a decrease of soluble proteins per wet weight in frontal cerebral cortex, cerebellar anterior part of the hemispheres and in the posterior part of vermis, as well as in hippocampus, although the levels of S 100, a glial cytoplasmic protein, showed an overgoing increase back to control levels, or a significant increase. In the sensory-motor cortex, an overgoing increase of soluble proteins, as well as of the S 100, were observed during the exposure period. One of the major soluble polypeptides (m.w. 50,000--52,000) of cerebral cortex, the cerebellar hemispheres and the brain stem, decreased at the end of the exposure period. Possible candidates for such a polypeptide are among others the subunit of microtubular protein or a subunit of (Na+K+)-ATPase. The results show that inhalation of TCE effect various brain areas differently. The observed biochemical changes could be interpreted as an adaptation and in some brain areas neuronal cells seem to be more sensitive than glial cells to TCE. PMID- 7369868 TI - Genetical relationship between resistance to insecticides and procarcinogens in two Drosophila populations. AB - Two Drosophila populations, one resistant and the other susceptible to several insecticides, were examined for response to several alkaryltriazenes (2,4,6-Cl3 PDMT; 3-PyDMT; 3-PyDET) and to DMN, DEN and AM. Hikone R (HR) males developed relative resistance to both mutation induction and cell killing by the triazenes, whereas Berlin K (BK) males showed increased tolerance to DMN, DEN, and AM. When F1 hybrid males from the two strains were treated with 2,4,6-Cl3-PDMT, the yield of recessive lethal mutations in the heterozygotes was nearly half of that found in homozygotes from the susceptible strain Berlin K. These findings indicate that in Drosophila metabolism of procarcinogens is controlled by multiple-gene systems located on several chromosomes. An extremely divergent response of the two genotypes was found following treatment with 3-PyDET; this triazene acts as a potent mutagen in BK males but is hardly mutagenic when tested in strain HR. PMID- 7369870 TI - Fatal sotalol poisoning. AB - Sotalol [4-(2-isopropylamino-1-hydroxyethyl)-methane-sulfonanilide hydrochloride] is a beta-adrenergic blocking agent. Despite the widespread use of these drugs, poisonings are not frequent. In this report the authors describe the first recorded case of fatal sotalol overdosage to their knowledge. The results of toxicological analysis, performed by a specially developed method, are presented, and compared with findings in fatal intoxications with other beta-adrenergic blocking agents. PMID- 7369872 TI - Foreign body aspiration in childhood. PMID- 7369871 TI - Analysis of haemoperfusion columns for evaluation of treatment of phenobarbital overdosage. AB - A simple procedure for the extraction of phenobarbital from charcoal haemoperfusion columns is presented. This method enables to evaluate the efficacy of treatment of poisoned patients with haemoperfusion. The applicability of this procedure is tested with four columns which were used in the treatment of two patients with severe phenobarbital intoxication. When an appropriate internal standard and solvent are used, this method is applicable for any drug. PMID- 7369873 TI - Angioedema and urticaria associated with yellow dye in medications. PMID- 7369874 TI - Hypocalcemia. PMID- 7369869 TI - The action of small doses of lead on erythrocyte D-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in the mouse. AB - After a single intraperitoneal administration of lead in very small doses [1--100 micrograms Pbac/kg body weight (bw)], there was a dose-dependent, highly significant inhibition of erythrocyte D-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (D-ALA-D) activity in mice. The maximal inhibition occurred between 3 and 24 h post injection (p.i.). After that, a rapid recovery of the D-ALA-D activity took place so that four days after lead administration, enzyme activity exceeded even the normal value. Only after eight days p.i. did the D-ALA-D value return to the initial level after a biphasic course. After 10 i.p. injections of 0.1 to 10 micrograms Pbac/kg bw, there was again a dose-dependent, highly significant inhibition of the erythrocyte D-ALA-D activity in mice. The maximal inhibition was shown to be 24 h after the last lead injection. In contrast to the single i.p. administration, however, we found a monophasic course for the return of D ALA-D activity. The D-ALA-D values did not exceed the normal range at any time after 10 i.p. lead injections. Ten and 30 days oral administration of lead corresponding to i.p. doses exhibited similar results in D-ALA-D inhibition. PMID- 7369875 TI - Ascites. PMID- 7369876 TI - Vitamin A and cancer. PMID- 7369877 TI - New approaches to bladder cancer: individualized patient chemotherapy. PMID- 7369878 TI - Ear reattachment by the pocket principle. PMID- 7369880 TI - Pharmacology in Arizona. PMID- 7369879 TI - Consumer attitudes toward medical malpractice. PMID- 7369881 TI - Advances in peritoneal dialysis technology: continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7369883 TI - Primary hypothyroidism with reversible hyperprolactinemia and pituitary enlargement. PMID- 7369882 TI - Acute sunlight damage to the skin. PMID- 7369885 TI - Diagnostic and operative arthroscopy of the knee: an analysis of 400 consecutive cases. PMID- 7369884 TI - The oral-facial-digital syndromes reviewed: the role of computerized axial tomography in management. PMID- 7369886 TI - Comparing the attitudes and opinions of Arizona physicians and consumers. PMID- 7369887 TI - The United States medical student abroad: a view from south of the border. PMID- 7369888 TI - Vitamins, do we really need them? PMID- 7369889 TI - Long-term clinical and hemodynamic evaluation of the Ionescu-Shiley pericardial xenograft heart valve. AB - Pericardial xenograft heart valves have been used in 469 patients for single or multiple valve replacement. Early in the series, valves were made in-house, but since May 1976, valves have been made by Shiley Laboratories, Inc. During the eight-year observation period, there were 7% early and 7.9% late deaths. Although no anti-coagulants were used on a long-term basis, there were only eight mild embolic episodes. Preoperatively, 56--98% of all patients were in class III or IV of the NYHA classification; postoperatively, all surviving patients have been found to have improved by at least one classification. PMID- 7369890 TI - Long-term performance of homograft and autograft valves. AB - Five hundred and eighty homograft valves have been inserted into the aortic position as isolated valve replacements, and followed up for 7--14 years. After ten years 90% of frozen homografts, 80% of autografts and 70% of freeze-dried homografts were free of valve-related death. There was only one embolism reported giving an incidence of one embolism per 143,928 patient months. Degeneration occurred in 14% of the autografts, in 30% of the freeze dried and in 60% of the frozen homografts after ten years. Eighty per cent of the fresh homografts have been free of degeneration after seven years, and 54% of freeze-dried valves have been free of degeneration after 14 years. Long-term performance of homograft and autograft valves in the aortic positon is comparable to that of any prosthetic or bioprosthetic valve. In addition, they are non-thrombogenic and excellent in terms of patient survival. PMID- 7369892 TI - Effects of ticlopidine on thrombotic obstruction of A-V shunts and on dialysance of artificial kidneys. AB - Administration of ticlopidine, a new inhibitor of platelet aggregation, during hemodialysis to two patients with thrombotic occlusion of external A-V shunts markedly suppressed the obstruction of the shunt and improved anemia. Consequently, it was concluded that this drug may be useful for maintaining good blood flow and good patency of shunts in patients undergoing dialysis. In order to determine the dialyzer efficiency during dialysis, the reduction rate of the dialyzer was determined in vitro. The dialyzer reduction rates for urea, creatinine, uric acid, and phosphoric acid were all lowered after dialysis, and the administration of ticlopidine resulted in a suppression of the drop in the reduction rate. Based on the inhibitory effect of ticlopidine on platelet aggregation, it was assumed that a close correlation may exist between adhesion and aggregation of platelets and the drop in the efficiency of the dialyzer during dialysis as well as thrombotic obstruction of shunts. PMID- 7369891 TI - Clinical results of valve replacement by the Starr-Edwards prosthesis. AB - Heart valve replacement has initiated special research efforts and has led to debate among surgeons from different surgical services. It is in this area of cardiac surgery that complications are frequent. This paper is a summarized review of the problems related to valve replacement by the Starr-Edwards prosthesis at the University of Sao Paulo Medical School Heart Institute. It describes the difficulties which led the authors to abandon its use in 1971. Clinical experience is from July 1958 to January 1974. PMID- 7369894 TI - Further studies on the realization of a cold carbon portable artificial kidney. AB - Optimal conditions have been determined for the realization of a closed-loop, cold carbon, portable artificial kidney to depurate the dialysate of urea and other catabolites. It has been noticed that a dialysate flow rate of about 250 ml/min represents an optimal compromise between urea mass transfer through the dialytic membrane and its mass adsorption on cold carbon. Under this condition, the use of a 2-kg carbon column to remove urea is satisfactory for a routine dialysis treatment. Our experiments have been performed on simulated dialysis. A portable cold carbon artificial kidney requires a cooling unit and a heat exchanger to recover the power necessary to produce the 0 degrees C temperature. A flat heat exchanger, consisting of three superposed plates, with a heat exchange surface of about 0.09 m2 and a total coefficient of thermal exchange Ht, of 380 Kcal/m2-degrees C-hour has been chosen. With heat recovery, the cooling power required is 1/3 hp to allow for parasitic cold losses and the power necessary to reach a steady state. All mechanical parts necessary for heating and cooling weigh about 12 kg. PMID- 7369893 TI - A comparison of the relative efficacy of CAPD and hemodialysis in the control of solute concentration. AB - Metabolite concentrations found in patients on both continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and hemodialysis are predicted by means of a theoretical transport model. Effects of variation in parameters such as generation rate, mass transfer, coefficients and residual renal clearance are studied. The information obtained indicates that CAPD is as effective as hemodialysis in reducing the concentrations of low molecular weight metabolites occurring in the "average" ESRD patient. CAPD becomes increasingly more effective than hemodialysis as molecular weight increases. PMID- 7369895 TI - Chronic hemofiltration treatment. AB - Fourteen patients (six males and eight females) have been treated with chronic hemofiltration three times weekly for three to 27 months with the post-dilution technique. All patients had previously been on regular dialysis treatment. Patients were selected for hemofiltration because of dialysis-resistent hypertension (eight), symptoms of dialysis discomfort (five), hypertriglyceridemia (five) and polyneuropathy (seven). Hypertension improved in six of eight patients, symptoms of dialysis discomfort markedly diminished in all five patients, hypertriglyceridemia did not change consistently, polyneuropathy improved in six of seven patients. Balance studies of Na, Ca and Mg revealed a positive correlation to fluid balance. Phosphate, BUN, creatinine and uric acid increased. Loss of amino acids and protein is negligible. Hormone studies showed a decrease of T3, T4 and TSH though the pituitary-thyroid axis is intact, possibly indicating a decreased TRH activity. Vitamin D remained unchanged, PTH levels increased, possibly related to a diminished excretion of phosphate and diminished intake of calcium, respectively, during hemofiltration treatment as compared to hemodialysis. PMID- 7369896 TI - BRNO-I, an implantable, diaphragm-type total artificial heart: technical aspects of design. AB - The technical aspects of artificialheart design for experiments on calves are presented in this paper. The object of the design was to verify the basic anatomic and hemodynamic criteria for the design of more perfect cardiac prostheses. Each of the ventricles has a 100-ml stroke volume and is dismountable. Rigid parts are made of polymethylmethacrylate. The inlet valve has the shape of a flap. The outlet valve has two polyurethane reinforcing leaves. The diaphragm is also made of polyurethane. During tests using artificial circulation, a maximum cardiac output of 14.6 L/min was achieved. Typical sensitivity of flow on the atrial pressure is 0.3 L/min/torr at a frequency of 90 pulses per minute. PMID- 7369897 TI - Hemoperfusion: state of the art and future requirements. PMID- 7369898 TI - Quantitative indices of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) dependence during post infarction cardiogenic shock. AB - This study attempts to quantitate post-infarction cardiogenic shock IABP dependence in instances of massive myocardial infarction with the use of hemodynamic indices plotted over time-course trajectories. Mortality is predicted when age and hemodynamic performance are also considered. It appears that post infarction IABP dependence can be quantitated and that such information can be useful in considering diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives during the course of IABP support and cardiogenic shock. The analysis suggests that such IABP dependent patients could be considered for therapeutic alternatives. They do not expire during the first 50 hours of IABP support and neither improve nor deteriorate during the second 50 hours of support. They remain in Class B without the occurrence of life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias for a sufficient time for cardiac catheterization to determine the appropriateness of corrective procedures. PMID- 7369900 TI - Biomicroscopic evaluation and photography of posterior vitreous detachment. AB - This is a preliminary effort to demonstrate conditions of the posterior vitreous more objectively by slit-lamp photography. For this purpose, a + 58.6-diopter, aspherical, preset lens (El Bayadi-Kajiura lens [Nikon]) and a photoslit (Zeiss Jena) were used. The most fundamental aspect in our technique of observation and photography of the posterior vitreous is that of catching the appropriate moment during the vitreous movement that follows horizontal and/or vertical displacement of the patient's eye. Posterior vitreous photographs by this method in normal eyes, retinitis pigmentosa, Wagner's disease, and preretinal macular fibrosis associated with macular edema in phakic eyes are presented, and biomicroscopic characteristics in each of these diseases are discussed. Our observations clearly demonstrate a new technique for detailed examination and photography of the posterior vitreous. PMID- 7369899 TI - Pars plana vitrectomy. Treatment for tractional macula detachment secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. AB - Pars plana vitrectomies were performed on 43 eyes with traction macular detachment secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Anatomic success, as judged by reattachment of the macula, occurred 28 (65%) eyes. Improved visual acuity occurred in 11 (26%) eyes. Severe complications occurring after vitrectomy included moderate to severe rubeosis iridis diabetica (28%), neovascular glaucoma (16%), vitreous hemorrhage (49%), and phthisis bulbi (14%). Eyes that received scatter photocagulation therapy at some time prior to macular detachment had a substantially lower incidence of successful postoperative reattachment of the macula than eyes never treated with photocoagulation. PMID- 7369901 TI - Retinal detachment following congenital cataract surgery. I. Preoperative findings in 114 eyes. AB - One hundred fourteen eyes of patients with retinal detachment occurring after congenital cataract surgery were studied. Retinal detachment was typified by high incidences of men, myopia, preference for the second and fourth decades of life, and a fairly long interval after cataract surgery. Frequently found were the following: (1) undetected retinal breaks, (2) high incidences of small oval or round holes in the upper nasal quadrant near the ora serrata, (3) retinal detachment in more than one quadrant, and (4) extensive vitreous and preretinal traction. Preoperative examination was often hampered by a small, bound-down pupil, nystagmus, extreme photophobia, and an inability to move the eye in desired directions. The major factor in the pathogenesis of retinal detachment after congenital cataract surgery appears to be chronic vitreoretinal traction in the anterior vitreous caused by cataract removal. PMID- 7369902 TI - Subretinal lesions following scleral buckling procedure. AB - In five patients, subretinal lesions developed several weeks after scleral buckling procedures for retinal detachment. The lesions appear to be subretinal, well circumscribed, dome shaped, yellow-orange unassociated with edema or disturbance of the overlying retina, and unaccompanied by overlying inflammatory cells in the vitreous. All were located temporal to the fovea in the posterior pole. The angiographic pattern was characteristic, showing obscuration of the usual appearance of the lamina choroidocapillaris. Throughout the angiogram, the lesion remained unchanged, showing no increasing hyperfluorescence or hypofluorescence. Final visual acuities were 20/40 or better in all five patients, with follow-up periods from three to seven months. There is some evidence to suggest that these lesions represent persistent, isolated pockets of subretinal fluid. PMID- 7369903 TI - Modified goniotomy for inflammatory glaucoma. Histologic evidence for the mechanism of pressure reduction. AB - A modified goniotomy (trabeculodialysis) was performed on both eyes of a 33-year old woman who had glaucoma secondary to sarcoid uveitis. One month after trabeculodialysis, a cataract extraction was performed on one eye and a histologic specimen was obtained from the area of the filtration angle that was previously incised. Successful control of intraocular pressure has been maintained in both eyes for 18 months following trabeculodialysis. By light and electron microscopic examination, there was a nonhealed incision between the anterior chamber and Schlemm's canal. Trabeculodialysis, it is concluded, works by providing direct communication between the anterior chamber and Schlemm's canal, and might be effective in all trabecular obstructive glaucoma of short duration before secondary changes occur in the outer drainage channels. PMID- 7369904 TI - Characteristics of infantile esotropia following early bimedial rectus recession. AB - A homogeneous group of infantile esotropes were studied who underwent surgical alignment before 1 year of age. Three groups emerged: those who remained stable following their initial early alignment, those who were well aligned and remained stable for prolonged periods of time and then decompensated, and those who were unstable throughout the observation period. Preoperatively, no factors were identified that predicted into which group each patient might enter. Other associated factors were identified that affected the strabismic angle and these were overactions of the inferior oblique muscles, dissociative vertical deviation, rotary and other forms of nystagmus, amblyopia, and changing refractive errors. The treatment modalities consisted of miotics, glasses, bifocals, occlusion, and repeated operations. This study underscores the instability of the conditions of patients with infantile esotropia and the need for repeated observations throughout the first decade of life. PMID- 7369905 TI - Herpetic ocular infections of childhood. AB - A series of 21 pediatric patients with ocular herpes simplex infections is reported. Two groups are presented: those with clinical primary herpes and those with documented recurrences. The corneal manifestations including clinical resistance to idoxuridine are presented. Stromal keratitis and visual loss were not marked in the primary group, but were difficult to prevent in those children with recurrences. The problems encountered in the overall management of children with herpetic keratitis are discussed. PMID- 7369906 TI - Retinoblastoma. A survivor 12 years after treatment for metastatic disease. AB - A 21-year-old man currently is well 12 years after his last treatment for metastatic retinoblastoma. PMID- 7369907 TI - Removal of intravitreous cysticerci from the surface of the optic nervehead. A pars plana approach. AB - Two larvae of Taenia solium (eg, Cysticercus cellulosae) were identified in the posterior vitreous attached to the optic nervehead of a 13-year-old Guatemalan girl. Preoperative evaluation showed the larvae to be viable. The vitreous showed a mild cellular reaction. The larvae were dissected off the optic nervehead and removed via a pars plana approach, without incident. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of cysticerci attached to the optic nervehead that were removed successfully by the pars plana approach. The patient was treated with a very short preoperative and postoperative course of corticosteroids. No inflammatory flare-ups or recurrence of the cysticercosis were found during the one-year follow-up period. PMID- 7369908 TI - Cerebellar heterotopia in the orbit. AB - An infant with slowly progressive proptosis was found to have heterotopic cerebellum in her left orbit. Although cerebellar cell rests are common, to our knowledge none has been found previously in the orbit. It probably arose either from abnormal germ cell migration or from aberrant germ cell differentiation. Orbital heterotopia probably can be classified in the larger category of orbital encephaloceles because of similarities in presentation, clinical course, and treatment, although there can be differences in the embryologic mechanisms of their development. PMID- 7369909 TI - Ultrastructural and histochemical studies of conjunctival concretions. AB - Ultrastructural and histochemical studies were performed on conjunctival concretions (yellow spots in the tarsal conjunctiva) from two patients who had associated atopic keratoconjunctivitis and posttrachomatous degeneration. By electron microscopy, these concretions were composed of finely granular material and membranous debris accumulating in the conjunctival subepithelium. Histochemically, concretions stained strongly positive for phospholipid and elastin, weakly positive for neutral polysaccharides and lipid, and were negative for amyloid, collagen, glycogen, iron, mucopolysaccharides, RNA, and DNA. In view of the absence of both calcium and phosphate in the accumulated material, the use of the term "lithiasis" is misleading and should be avoided. These findings support a hypothesis that concretions that follow chronic conjunctivitis represent products of cellular degeneration. PMID- 7369910 TI - Uveal blood flow after 360 degrees constriction in the rabbit. AB - We evaluated the effect of scleral buckling procedures on uveal blood flow in rabbits by injection of microspheres labeled with strontium 85. Cerclage reduced both anterior and posterior uveal blood flow, and removing the cerclage returned the blood flow to normal. Sham cerclage and local scleral buckle did not decrease blood flow. PMID- 7369911 TI - Fluorophotometry and the blood-ocular barrier in experimental systemic hypertension. AB - Fluorophotometry was used to evaluate alterations in the blood-ocular barrier to fluorescein in rats with experimental hypertension. One hour after intravenous injection of fluorescein, 16.6 mg/kg, concentrations in the anterior chamber were increased from mean normotensive values of 135 micrograms/mL to 299 micrograms/mL (P = .005) in animals with severe hypertension. Fluorescein concentrations in the vitreous also were increased from 50 micrograms/mL in normotensive rats to 109 micrograms/mL (P = .005) in hypertensive animals. With increasing duration of systemic pressures above 160 mm Hg, anterior chamber fluorescein concentrations rose from base-line of 135 micrograms/mL to 210 micrograms/mL after one to four weeks of hypertension, and to 394 micrograms/mL after five to eight weeks (P = .005). Similarly, vitreous concentrations increased from baseline of 50 micrograms/mL to 76 micrgrams/mL and 136 micrograms/mL (P = .005) after the shorter and longer periods of hypertension. Control of hypertension with return of systolic pressure to below 120 mm Hg caused a reversal of the abnormal fluorescein permeability. PMID- 7369912 TI - Vitreous cylinders. AB - Vitreous cylinders, a rarely discussed ophthalmologic entity, were studied in two clinical cases and in five enucleated eyes. The cylinders were found in four cases of ocular toxoplasmosis, one case of vitreous hemorrhage complicating a malignant melanoma, and one case of pars planitis and one of uveitis, both of unknown causes. Results of scanning electron microscopy in one specimen suggested that cylinders are formed by condensation of vitreous collagen fibers. We emphasize the nonspecific nature of this interesting vitreous finding. PMID- 7369913 TI - Cefaclor levels in human aqueous humor. AB - In an attempt to investigate penetration of cefaclor into human aqueous humor, we administered 500-mg and 1-g doses of cefaclor to 39 patients about to undergo cataract extraction. Average aqueous humor levels of 0.27, 0.27, and 0.17 microgram/mL were achieved at 1, 2, and 4 hours, respectively, after the 500-mg oral dose. After 1 g orally, we found average aqueous humor levels of 0.61, 0.64, 0.72, 0.4, and 0.31 microgram/mL at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours, respectively. Therapeutic levels in primary aqueous humor were consistently achieved against Streptococcus pneumoniae and St pyogenes, group A. PMID- 7369914 TI - An illuminated Luedde Exophthalmometer. AB - A new type of Luedde exophthalmometer is available. It is constructed of a plastic rule attached to an ophthalmic penlight that serves as both illumination and a handle. PMID- 7369915 TI - Instant photography with the Polaroid SX-70 Alpha I camera mounted on a slit lamp. AB - A readily adjustable, quick-mounting attachment frame allows use of an unmodified Polaroid SX-70 Alpha I camera with several available ophthalmic slit lamps. Initial results with this arrangement have proved to be easily obtainable and of good quality. Several important uses for instant color photographs obtained with this sysetm are suggested here. PMID- 7369916 TI - Management of T1 carcinoma of the anterior aspect of the tongue. AB - The control of carcinoma of the anterior aspect of the tongue is closely related to the extent of the primary tumor and the state of the regional lymph nodes. The most important prognostic factor is the status of cervical lymph nodes; these lymphatic beds should be considered for treatment even in patients who do not have clinically detectable nodal metastasis. Generally, patients with small localized tumors less than 2 cm in diameter (T1) are treated with surgery alone or with radiation therapy alone. In our series, local control was effective in greater than 90% of patients. Treatment failures were most common in the cervical nodes; only 40% of patients with recurrent cervical disease could be cured. The size and differentiation of the lesion, as well as the adequacy of surgical margins, appeared to be related to regional failures. Guidelines are suggested that may aid in selecting patients with T1NO lesions who require elective neck treatment with irradiation. PMID- 7369917 TI - Replacement of tumor-involved mandible by cryosurgically devitalized autograft: human experience. AB - In management of a malignant floor-of-mouth tumor invading the mandible, the mandible is the main focus of reconstruction and the most likely site of rehabilitative failure. Creation of a functional and cosmetically appealing replacement is a major therapeutic goal. In canines, neoosteogenesis does occur in mandibular autografts exposed to two consecutive freeze-thaw cycles prior to reimplantation. Also postoperative radiotherapy in canines does not elicit a higher incidence of complications or promote failure of the mandibular autograft to reconstitute itself. This technique was used in a 52-year-old man with a large lesion in the anterior floor of the mouth extending into the inner cortex of the mandible. The theoretical advantages of nonantigenicity and excellence of mandibular configuration are obvious. That there are important pitfalls that may lead to reconstructive failure is equally obvious. PMID- 7369918 TI - Carbon dioxide laser treatment of laryngeal stenosis. AB - Six patients ranging from 3 to 67 years of age were treated for acquired laryngeal stenosis. Five of these patients were considered failures from conventional surgical techniques including multiple open endolaryngeal procedures and repeated dilations. Using the carbon dioxide laser, the various obstructing lesions were excised microendoscopically and injected with interstitial steroids. After one to six procedures, all of these patients now have adequate airways and serviceable voices. PMID- 7369920 TI - Corneoretinal potential variations: significance in electronystagmography. AB - Spontaneous variations in the corneoretinal potential (CRP) may introduce large errors when using electronystagmography (ENG) to measure responses during clinical caloric testing. Whether or not conventional calibration techniques are adequate to control such measurement errors has not been established. We studied CRP variations in normal subjects and patients by measuring calibration before and after a series of caloric tests. Among patients the CRP either rose or fell in a random manner; we were unable to discover independent measures that might serve to predict the magnitude or polarity of the CRP changes. Among normal subjects the CRP consistently dropped during each caloric test, probably due to longer periods of eye closure imposed in this group. Recalibration before each caloric test, using an averaging technique, would greatly reduce (but not eliminate) ENG measurement errors. PMID- 7369921 TI - The effect of degree of hearing loss on diagnostic test strategy: report of a case. AB - We discuss test results in a single case of eighth nerve disorder. The patient was evaluated twice, once when sensitivity loss was only mild and once when sensitivity loss was severe. Diagnostic contribution of individual test measures depended on degree of sensitivity loss. When the loss was only mild, the acoustic reflex test and auditory brain-stem response (ABR) audiometry were most sensitive to eighth nerve disorder. When sensitivity loss was severe, results of the acoustic reflex test and ABR audiometry became ambiguous. At that time, the more "traditional" audiometric test battery of Bekesy audiometry, suprathreshold adaptation test (STAT), and speech audiometry provided the most useful diagnostic information. Since degree of sensitivity loss at the time of initial evaluation is an uncontrollable variable, diagnostic strategy must include tests appropriate to a wide range of hearing loss. PMID- 7369919 TI - Effect of fluoride on alpha-chymotrypsin. AB - Sodium fluoride has been demonstrated by spectrophotometric experiment to have an inhibitory effect on the hydrolyzing action of alpha-chymotrypsin. Sodium fluoride in moderate therapeutic dosage possibly can retard or completely inhibit the activity of bone-resorbing enzymes in the otospongiotic focus, thus retarding or arresting active expansion of a focus and resulting in stabilizing or arresting the progression of sensorineural hearing loss that is associated with otospongiosis. PMID- 7369922 TI - Ganglia and ganglion cells in the middle ear of the cat: preliminary report. AB - Twenty-five temporal bones of cats were studied for the presence of ganglia and/or ganglion cells in the middle ear. These structures were found at the following three main locations: (1) the promontory wall, both anterior to and below the stapes; (2) the capsule of the musculus tensor tympani, proximal, medial, and lateral to muscle fibers; and (3) the vertical portion of the facial nerve. To the best of our knowledge, ganglion cells in the capsule of the musculus tensor tympani, which is located proximal and lateral to the muscle fibers, have not been described previously. PMID- 7369923 TI - Reversible neuroaudiologic findings in a case of right frontal lobe abscess with recovery. AB - A patient with a large right frontal lobe abscess was administered a battery of audiologic and neuroaudiologic tests. Results indicated a definite central auditory processing deficit with essentially normal peripheral hearing. The same test battery was given three months later, after the abscess had completely resolved. The neuroaudiological results on retest were essentially normal for the entire test battery. The specific central auditory processing deficit noted in this case is discussed, along with details of the neuroaudiologic assessment. PMID- 7369924 TI - Congenital basal cell adenoma of the submandibular gland. AB - Basal cell adenoma is a specific type of monomorphic tumor of the salivary glands that closely resembles basal cell lesions of the skin. Twenty-six of these tumors have been reported in the American literature, the majority occurring in patients 60 years or older. The most common sites of occurrence have been the minor salivary glands (especially in the upper lip) and the parotid. We report an exceptional case of basal cell adenoma in the submandibular gland of a neonate. Review of reported congenital epithelial tumors of the salivary glands indicates that at least two similar neoplasms have been described previously. PMID- 7369925 TI - Temporal bone findings in rhabdomyosarcoma with predominantly petrous involvement. AB - Temporal bone rhabdomyosarcomas are rare tumors that occur almost exclusively in children. They arise most commonly in the middle ear, from which they extend through the mastoid and petrous portions of the temporal bone, eventually invading the cranium. We report the histopathologic findings of a rhabdomyosarcoma with anterior and medial displacement, predominantly involving the petrous bone. Recognition and separate study of this type of tumor is clinically important. Predominantly petrosal rhabdomyosarcomas are less prevalent than similar lesions with lateral expansion and tend to develop significant ear symptoms late in the course of the disease. When first diagnosed, these lesions usually exhibit signs of intracranial extension, and consequently are less amenable to treatment and are more rapidly fatal. PMID- 7369926 TI - Fibrous dysplasia and the temporal bone. AB - The cause of fibrous dysplasia of the bone is obscure. We reviewed the available literature concerning temporal bone involvement and analyzed temporal bone involvement and analyzed the most common aspects of this fascinating disease, adding three cases of our own. A clinical staging is proposed: stage 1, latent; stage 2, symptomatic; and stage 3, complication. Clinical evolution and follow-up are described and treatment is suggested. PMID- 7369928 TI - Pathologic quiz, case 2. Cat-scratch lymphadenitis. PMID- 7369927 TI - CSF rhinorrhea associated with the empty-sella syndrome. AB - The empty-sella syndrome consists of the abnormal extension into the sella turcica of an arachnoid diverticulum filled with CSF, which displaces and compresses the pituitary gland. Such a diverticulum can erode through the sellar floor and lead to CSF rhinorrhea through the sphenoidal sinus. Empty-sella syndrome should be considered a diagnostic possibility in patients with nontraumatic CSF rhinorrhea. Diagnosis and treatment are best accomplished with a team approach involving the otolaryngologist, neurosurgeon, neuroradiologist, and neuroendocrinologist. Definitive diagnosis requires pneumoencephalography and thin-section polytomography. Attention should be directed to the possibility of a coexisting pituitary adenoma. Treatment can be accomplished by a transseptal, transsphenoidal approach with localization and repair of the leak. PMID- 7369929 TI - Clinical experiences with communication instruments in adults with sensorineural hearing loss. AB - Progress in the field of auditory rehabilitation of adult patients with sensorineural hearing loss has been made possible by combined contributions from technology, successively manufacturing better hearing aids and additional communication instruments, institutional arrangements and the achievements within clinical audiology, successively resulting in better knowledge of several basic diagnostic and therapeutic factors. Hearing aid fitting, as is well known, is still a controversial area because of many unknown factors. The same holds true for auditory training and speech reading, which have in practice been shown to be useful as a therapeutic complement to hearing aid fitting in many adult patients with sensorineural hearing loss. It was thus shown to be possible to fit the great majority of the patients with head-worn instruments. The variety of available alternatives within the communication instruments (vented molds, output limiting devices, special microphones, CROS hearing aids) has increased the number of appropriately fitted patients. Special communications devices in addition to hearing aids for patients with difficulties to listen to signals, TV, etc., and complementary speech-reading treatment to severely hearing-impaired patients, have improved the listening situation of many patients. However, too much of clinical audiology is still based merely on clinical experience. To make progress in this field further research in clinical audiology is necessary in order to further clarify several diagnostic and therapeutic factors. PMID- 7369930 TI - Psychological aspects of patients with binaural hearing aids. AB - 9 of 10 persons with hearing defects can only overcome this handicap through the use of hearing aids. Only a small group needs body aids, binaural ear-level aids should be the routine for all the rest. In order to prevent deprivation of the acoustic sense, the whole hearing organ should be stimulated from the very beginning of the treatment with an aid in the right and in the left ear. Through routine prescription of binaural aids from the start, the psychological problem based on hearing aid use would be overcome. PMID- 7369931 TI - Evaluating the problems of the hearing impaired. AB - Approaches to evaluating the problems of hearing-impaired patients are discussed in the context of an open-ended problem questionnaire, handicap scales and personality measures. Some baseline data are presented for the problem questionnaire. A comparison between different handicap scales used in the English language is made. A presentation of the personality scores of a hearing-impaired population is given. The importance of using these three approaches together, rather than in isolation, is emphasised. PMID- 7369932 TI - Age correction factor in noise-induced hearing loss: a quantitative model. AB - This paper considers the factors of presbyacusis and noise exposure in relation to permanent hearing loss and provides a quantitative model from which an age correction factor in occupational hearing loss may be derived. The rationale for a presbyacusis correction is provided in terms of physiological and audiometric data. The additivity hypothesis is considered and constraints on this approach are presented. A quantitative model for assessing the age component in occupational hearing loss is then derived from empirical functions. The model is based on the concept of a variable ratio for partitioning the effects of presbyacusis and noise exposure. Consideration is given to the application of the model in medico-legal cases of occupational hearing loss in which the degree of hearing impairment must be assessed. PMID- 7369933 TI - Attention, eye closure and the acoustic reflex. AB - The first part of this study considered the effects of differing states of attention on the acoustic reflex response. Tasks directing attention towards and away from the acoustic stimuli were compared with a neutral task. A significant reduction in reflex response magnitude was associated with the task directing attention away from the stimulus. The stimulus-directing task did not significantly affect the acoustic reflex response. The second part of the study investigated the effect of eye closure on the acoustic reflex response. The results showed an increase in reflex response magnitude with eye closure but not with darkness alone. This implied that the increase was associated with the muscular effort involved in eye closure. PMID- 7369934 TI - Influence of click sound pressure direction on brain stem responses in children. AB - Brain stem auditory responses were evoked by stimulation with condensation (C) and rarefaction (R) clicks separately. The latencies of the first five waves of the response were compared in response to the two sound pressure directions. Responses to R clicks were significantly shorter than responses to C clicks for wave 4, in the absence of consistent response differences in the other waves. PMID- 7369936 TI - Fetoscopy. A new technique for antenatal intrauterine diagnosis. AB - The new technique of fetoscopy is an important advance in the antenatal intrauterine diagnosis of some fetal disorders. Because it enables fetal blood to be collected, fetoscopy has a major place in the intrauterine diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies, particularly fetal thalassemia major at 16-20 weeks' gestation in women at risk of bearing such a child. PMID- 7369937 TI - Screening for health: a preventive approach. AB - There still exists a strong bias against health screening amongst the medical profession. The strongest objections stem from the belief that the costs are prohibitive, and that the yield of practical information is not worth the effort. This is certainly open to debate. Screening, however, is a very useful preventive tool and the information which is stored in computers reveals a goldmine of important epidemiological data. Coordinated examination of large groups of the population reduces the possibility of a non-representative sample, and allows for health patterns and disease trends to become manifest. The benefits to the individual become obvious once the potential of doctor to patient education held in the screening information is disseminated appropriately and effectively. PMID- 7369935 TI - Relations between cochlear fatigue and the asymmetrical nonlinearity of the cochlear microphonics. AB - It is generally assumed that noises have a detrimental effect when the cochlear receptor is overloaded and, more specifically, when the cochlear microphonic (CM) fails to increase linearly with intensity. In order to investigate further the relations between the nonlinearity of CM and damage to the cochlea, a series of experiments was carried out on guinea pigs to relate the short-term CM depression following the presentation of noises or tones with the nonlinearity and the assymmetry. The asymmetrical non-linearity of CM was measured in tracing the input-out functions and also the wave-forms. Two other important tests of the asymmetrical nonlinearity were used: the measure of interference and of summating potential (SP DIF). The results show that the fatigability is greater when there is a large negative asymmetry or a large negative SP. Variations in asymmetry and in SP were observed among individuals. Other changes of symmetry were provoked by asphyxia or by introducing solutions of KCl in the perilymph. These changes were well correlated with the fatigability. These results are interpreted in a model of the cochlear transducer derived from the model of Davis. The assymetry of a flux of potassium ions between endolymph and the hair cells is assumed to be responsible for the alterations associated with cochlear fatigue and trauma. PMID- 7369939 TI - Let's get together. PMID- 7369938 TI - The future of primary care. PMID- 7369941 TI - Simple office tests of hearing acuity in children. PMID- 7369940 TI - A flow chart model for crisis intervention. AB - It is a truism that when people experience distress or disease, they frequently seek out trusted help to comfort them and to cure their ailment. It is also generally accepted that the personal perception of distress or disease relies on a number of contextual factors such as personality, education, cultural background, situation, and availability of support, as well as the nature of the particular agent which provokes the perception itself. This paper suggests that attention given to these factors, and to their interaction in producing a 'crisis', is essential for effective intervention. Further, the particular role of the general practitioner requires of him or her an ability to deal creatively with persons who are locked in a 'crisis system'. PMID- 7369943 TI - Feingold diet. PMID- 7369945 TI - Why pharmacology? PMID- 7369942 TI - Home monitoring of blood glucose. A new advance in management of diabetes. AB - Diabetics are now able to measure their own blood glucose levels at home. This permits a far more accurate adjustment of treatment than is possible with urine tests. This paper presents information on this new technique for establishing better control of diabetes. PMID- 7369944 TI - A study of vasectomized men and their wives. PMID- 7369946 TI - The principles of pharmacology. AB - The importance of pharmacology to the family physician needs no emphasis. The most decisive act in his approach to the patient is writing a prescription for the most appropriate drug. To achieve this, he must understand the principles underlying the use of the drugs so that by being aware of the pharmacological properties of different classes of drugs, he can make a rational choice with regard to the most appropriate drug and regime. This knowledge is essential to get maximum efficacy and the minimum of side effects. PMID- 7369948 TI - The practical pharmacology of the psychoactive drugs. The antidepressants. AB - The monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) and the tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) have been used for over 20 years, and another generation of antidepressants has now emerged. Only mianserin is available in Australia but viloxazine, clomipramine, nomifensine, maprotiline, iprindole and zimelidine have been used overseas for several years. PMID- 7369950 TI - Fractures of the upper limb. Part 1. AB - Fractures of the upper limb from the elbow downwards constitute the biggest group of bone injuries in both children and adults. The pattern of fractures sustained, however, varies between the two age groups as does the type of treatment required. It is not possible in an article of this type to consider all the different fractures which occur in the upper limb, and an attempt will be made to concentrate on those fractures where problems with diagnosis and treatment are prone to occur. PMID- 7369949 TI - Current status of diagnosis and treatment of acute gouty arthritis. AB - Gouty arthritis goes back many years in history. This paper reviews present day treatment, and outlines the complications entailed. Some newer agents are considered. PMID- 7369947 TI - The practical application of drug assays in general practice. AB - Why measure plasma drug concentrations? Which drugs should be monitored, and what information is required? Assuming that the objective of drug therapy is to achieve an optimal response, with minimal adverse effects, this paper discusses these questions, and offers some conclusions. PMID- 7369952 TI - An appointments system in general practice. AB - The essential features of an appointments system are its structure, its practicability, the staff application, and the patient's accessibility and their education of its function, and how best to avail themselves of its benefits. A proposal for an appointments system in general practice is contained in a booklet produced by the Practice Management Committee of Council. The booklet also contains a report of the Medical Organization Committee of the Royal College of General Practitioners. PMID- 7369953 TI - Screening and community control of hypertension. PMID- 7369951 TI - The work content of general practice. Based on a survey of selected procedures performed by Victorian general practitioners in 1978. AB - Much has been spoken about the changing nature of general practice, although little documental evidence is available to identify the nature of these changes. Such changes are said to include provision of some diagnostic services, diminishing involvement in surgical and obstetrical procedures, and a lessening of GP involvement in the hospital care of patients. Information about the range of services provided by the average general practitioner is essential knowledge required by planners of undergraduate, vocational and continuing education programmes. In view of the anticipated rapid increase in general practitioner numbers in the near future, further changes in the nature of the discipline are predicted. A survey of general practitioners was therefore proposed by four bodies concerned with medical education relevant to general practice, viz. -- the Victorian Medical Postgraduate Foundation, the Monash University Department of Social and Preventive Medicine (Section of Community Practice), the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (Victoria Faculty) and the Victorian Academy for General Practice Limited. PMID- 7369954 TI - Prevalence, mortality and control of hypertensive disease in Australia. AB - Hypertensive diseases have long been recognized as a major medical problem in Australia, but until the 1950s measures for controlling hypertension were limited and of doubtful effectiveness. Great efforts were made to identify and deal with such remediable primary causes as unilateral renal disease, endocrine disorders of the adrenal cortex and medulla and coarctation of the aorta, but the yield was small and there was little to offer the great majority of patients who were suffering from essential hypertension, including its malignant form. Long holidays, especially sea cruises, sedation and venesection were widely prescribed but with little confidence and even less benefit. PMID- 7369955 TI - Assessment of the hypertensive. AB - Hypertension is an extremely common disorder. Approximately half the population over the age of 45 have a blood pressure over 160 systolic and 95 diastolic. In Albury, Prineas and colleagues found that 12.5% of the population had a diastolic blood pressure over 110 mm Hg, hence they have severe hypertension. PMID- 7369957 TI - Automated coin operated machines for measuring blood pressure. Position statement by National Heart Foundation of Australia. PMID- 7369956 TI - Patient adherence in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7369959 TI - Some positive benefits that could arise from an 'over-supply' of doctors in Australia. AB - This paper proposes that five main advantages can flow from an increase in the number of doctors in Australia. These advantages relate to: (1) improvements in the quality of clinical medical care; (2) a renewed emphasis on preventive medical care; (3) a more equitable, need-related distribution of doctors; (4) the ability of doctors to participate in regular professional up-grading programmes; and, (5) an increased capacity to participate in aid programmes within the South East Asia region. It is argued that these positive factors should also be taken account of, along with the negative consequences, of an increase in the number of doctors in Australia. PMID- 7369958 TI - Hypertension in pregnancy. AB - Hypertension complicates 10-15% of pregnancies and is associated with an increased rate of fetal loss at all stages of gestation, intrauterine fetal growth retardation and prematurity, either because of spontaneous premature labour or of the occasional necessity for early delivery. PMID- 7369960 TI - Cot death. PMID- 7369961 TI - Rational prescribing. PMID- 7369962 TI - Contact lenses and medical practitioners. PMID- 7369963 TI - A headache survey. PMID- 7369964 TI - Manpower debate. PMID- 7369968 TI - UNIGEN - universal language of aviation. AB - In 1978, 12 million flights arose from nations where English is a foreign language. From these, crash-deaths averaged 200 per million flights. The Aerospace Linguistic Foundation is incorporated to further cooperative evolution of a suitable speech for universal air use as envisaged by I.C.A.O. The language is called UNIGEN, an acronym from Gensise 11:1. It reflects the paragmatic monitoring of collective air communications and universal linguistic developments. The foundation underwrites investigations by existing communication faculties of linguistic problems identified from accidents, etc. (e.g. Tenerife shows English phonemes "th" and "wh" are not internationally suitable). Optimum expressions may derive from the world languages. Phonetics may also be selected to monitor the human factor, e.g. plosives to spot hyperventilation or arousals for sleep. "As a man speaks, so is he." Future air communications must exploit hearing and sight concurrently to assure the million-to-one reliability required for perception transfer. PMID- 7369965 TI - Living and coping with a hyperactive child. PMID- 7369966 TI - Performance effects of alcohol intoxication and hangover at ground level and at simulated altitude. PMID- 7369967 TI - Electroencephalographic recordings during parachute jump sessions. AB - Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings of experienced parachutists were done by means of telemetry before, during, and after jumps of up to 3500m. During free fall and after stabilization, alpha rhythm was recorded from several alpha reactive subjects when they closed their eyes. No pathological EEG recordings were obtained during the different phases of the jump. PMID- 7369969 TI - Psychomotor performance during ozone exposure: spectral and discriminant function analysis of EEG. AB - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of ozone on the electroencephalogram during psychomotor performance. The first experiment consisted of a 2-h visual sustained attention task in room air and 0.75 parts per million (ppm) ozone. The second experiment was a divided attention study which combined a visual choice reaction time situation with an auditory sustained attention task. Ozone levels in this experiment were 0.0 ppm, 0.3 ppm, and 0.75 ppm. Spectral and discriminant function analyses were performed on the EEG collected during these studies. Attempts were made to categorize the EEG between different ozone levels, at rest, during each task performance, and between task and no-task performance within each ambient air condition. Discriminations between conditions for individuals were quite good, but discriminations for the combined subjects were disappointing with the exception of those between task and no-task conditions, which were moderately good. PMID- 7369971 TI - Visual serach performance during simulated radar observation with and without a sweepline. AB - A complex vigilance task was used to study the effect of a radar sweepline on attentional processes. The visual display was designed to approximate an automated air traffic control radar display. There were 28 men and women, half assigned to the sweep and half to the no-sweep condition, tested over a 2-h session. Although the no-sweep appeared to be generally superior to the sweep condition in all measures of detection of efficiency, none of the differences was significant. Measures of eye fixation paralleled the patterns of change in performance during the task session. However, as with performance, mean fixation durations for the sweep and no-sweep conditions did not differ, nor were individual differences in scanning activity related to performance. Possible reasons for the lack of relationship between scanning activity and performance are discussed. PMID- 7369970 TI - Effect of induced cyclic changes of deep body temperature on performance in a flight simulator. AB - Previous studies have shown that performance of a simple, motor task may be degraded by heating the skin when the body temperature is above a critical level of 37.6 degrees C. The experiment reported here confirms these findings for performance in a simple flight simulator. The significance of the results is discussed with reference to flight in high-performance aircraft. PMID- 7369972 TI - The thermal properties of a survival bag incorporating metallised plastic sheeting. AB - Five male subjects were exposed to a cooling environment equivalent to 1082 W/M2. The subjects wore a clothing assembly with insulation properties of 1.55 clo. A casualty bag in corporating metallised plastic sheeting was provided for additional insulation. Deep body temperature fell 1.2 degrees C. and mean skin temperature 2.6 degrees C. over the 2-h period. Metallised plastic sheeting did not prevent heat loss through the clothing assembly, as indicated by the falls in body and skin temperature and an increase in metabolic heat production. From measurements made during the exposure, the calculated insulation value of the complete assembly of 2.93 clo was close to the predicted value of 2.80 clo calculated from the thermal resistance of the assembly layers. It is concluded that the metallised plastic sheeting in this casualty bag did not provide significant additional thermal insulation. PMID- 7369973 TI - Effect of an altered rest-activity or feeding schedule on the shift of motor activity rhythm of mice. AB - Preflight acclimatization to the rhythm of destination and postflight daytime activity are assumed to be effective countermeasures against the jet lag syndrome. Regarding this idea, resynchronization of motor activity rhythm was investigated in mice subjected to daytime exercises on a driven belt before or after the reversal of lighting regimen. In addition, the effect of prior daytime feeding was studied. No evidence was manifested that the forced exercises or feeding schedule would hasten synchronization. This result indicates that the central control system of motor activity rhythm could not be manipulated favorably by such method in mice. On the basis of the result obtained, the applicability of countermeasures to human beings was discussed. PMID- 7369974 TI - Cardiovascular responses of man exposed to +Gz accelerations in a centrifuge. AB - Cardiovascular investigations were conducted in male volunteer subjects exposed to +Gz accelerations. Some of them did not have any previous experience of the centrifuge. Electrocardiogram, blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output were recorded. Accelerations ranging from +1.5 Gz to +6 Gz were applied during periods of from 30 s to 20 min. Acceleration was achieved in 10-90 s. Heart rate markedly increased as a function of acceleration intensity, reaching 160 beats/s. Decreases in cardiac output (30-40%) and stroke volume were also observed. Protection by an anti-G suit reduces tachycardia. Accelerations induce various electrocardiographic disorders lasting several minutes after the stress has been stopped. These are sometimes the first symptoms of functional cardiovascular failure. The centrifuge turns out to be an excellent screening tool. However, when used for testing various aircrew equipment, strict monitoring of the subjects is required. PMID- 7369975 TI - Evaluation of an acute mountain sickness questionnaire: effects of intermediate altitude staging upon subjective symptomatology. PMID- 7369976 TI - Prediction of success in a stressful career by personality attributes. AB - Several personality attributes were hypothesized to account for a part of the performance variability in continuous repetitive and real-stress situations. A Personality Inventory For Divers (PIFD) was administered to 518 divers and non divers. Cross sectional and longitudinal studies supported the validity of the PIFD (p less than 0.05). Some implications of the results are discussed. PMID- 7369977 TI - Identification of the minimum noise level capable of producing an asymptotic temporary threshold shift. AB - The present study was designed to identify the minimum noise level capable of producing an asymptotic temporary threshold shift (ATTS). It was estimated that at some level below 85 dBA, probably 70-80 dBA, there existed an exposure level at which no ATTS would occur. It is assumed that if a long-duration noise does not produce temporary changes in hearing levels, then it would not produce permanent changes either. This level would then define an exposure condition below which personnel could be exposed for indefinite periods of time without adverse auditory effects. Subjects were exposed to continuous pink noise for 24 h at levels of 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85 dBA. TTS growth and recovery was measured at specific intervals throughout each condition. Results demonstrate that at the most sensitive frequency (4000 Hz), at ATTS threshold level would be predicted in the region of 75-80 dBA. PMID- 7369978 TI - Hypoxia-induced fatal aircraft accident revealed by voice analysis. AB - The voice communication was the only clue of the fatal F-104J accident encountered during high-altitude intercept procedures, and it was analysed to prove the presence of hypoxia as a causal factor. A simulated low-pressure chamber flight was undertaken, and the subject's voice, saying the same words as the pilot, was analyzed in the same way. Comparison of these two voices revealed a similarity in characteristic changes of the sound spectrum and time course. The blurred formation of formant, fundamental, and harmonic frequencies, as well as the obscured gap in pre-vocal cord opening time (VOT) of the sound spectrogram, were thought to be the effects of hypoxia. Lowered fundamental frequency of the pilot's voice, even at the stressful period of attack, has strongly suggested decreased vigilance due to hypoxia. Through these findings, it was concluded that the cause of the accident was probably hypoxia in the pilot. PMID- 7369979 TI - Retinal studies at 446 torr in a hypobaric chamber. AB - This study was designed to see if retinal haemorrhage occurred after 24 h of decompression to a pressure of 446 torr. Four subjects were studied after 24 h of decompression and had retinal photography and fluorescein angiography performed at rest and following maximum exercise. No haemorrhages or fluorescein leakage was noted, even though the subjects experienced typical symptoms of acute mountain sickness and showed an increase in lung density-consistent with subclinical pulmonary edema. We conclude that 24 h exposure to 446 torr with a period of maximal exercise is an inadequate stress, either in time and/or degree, of hypoxia to produce retinal haemorrhage or leakage, as measured by flourescein. PMID- 7369980 TI - Minimizing the psychological effects of a wartime disaster on an individual. AB - In this paper, the psychological reactions of individuals and groups to a wartime disaster, such as nuclear explosion, are presented. The psychological literature on disasters is discussed. The presentation attempts to emphasize viewing the victims of a disaster as individuals responding in a normal way to an overwhelming experience, rather than labeling them as psychiatric patients. The various phases of a disaster are discussed with particular emphases on the preventive measures and leadership roles which may be taken by the physician. The development and treatment of situational psychoses, as well as neurotic reactions, are examined and the dynamics especially of long-lasting neurotic problems explored. The paper concludes by making specific recommendations regarding the establishment of disaster plans and training programs at each military facility. It is suggested that the use of such plans may help minimize the psychological effects of a wartime disaster on the individual. PMID- 7369981 TI - Excerpts from the casebook of Jason Harbro, M.D., AME. PMID- 7369982 TI - Suppression and substitution in the treatment of nailbiting. PMID- 7369983 TI - Eysenck's theory of incubation: a critical analysis. PMID- 7369985 TI - The effects of behavior rehearsal and feedback on the acquisition of problem solving skills in distressed and nondistressed couples. PMID- 7369984 TI - Electrode placement, EMG feedback, and relaxation for tension headaches. PMID- 7369987 TI - The effects of a deposit contract as a component in a behavioural programme for stopping smoking. PMID- 7369986 TI - Validation of the Sensation Scale, a measure of subjective physiological responses to alcohol. PMID- 7369988 TI - Emotional processing. PMID- 7369989 TI - Treatment of obsessive-compulsive patients: the contribution of self instructional training to the effectiveness of exposure. PMID- 7369991 TI - A reinforcement plus interruption method of eliminating behavioral stereotypy of profoundly retarded persons. PMID- 7369990 TI - A comprehensive dining program for mentally retarded adults. PMID- 7369992 TI - A comparison of two methods for the administration of paradoxical intention. PMID- 7369993 TI - Target setting, self-reinforcement pattern and locus of control orientation as predictors of outcome in a behavioural weight-loss programme. PMID- 7369994 TI - Measurement error in direct observations: a comparison of common recording methods. PMID- 7369995 TI - Maintenence of improvement in agoraphobic patients treated by behavioural methods -a four-year follow-up. PMID- 7369996 TI - Predicting consensus about propositions concerning depression and antidepressive behaviour: another cognitive dimension of commonsense knowledge. PMID- 7369997 TI - What makes depressed people feel worse? PMID- 7369998 TI - A controlled group study of pedestrian-skill training for the mentally retarded. PMID- 7370000 TI - Inhibition of urea-cycle activity by high concentrations of alanine. AB - 1. Conditions are described in which high intracellular alanine concentrations inhibit urea-cycle flux in isolated hepatocytes. 2. Inhibition of urea-cycle flux by added alanine is DL-cycloserine-insensitive and is accompanied by an increase in intracellular citrulline and a decrease in ornithine. 3. Argininosuccinate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.5) activity in rat liver cytosol is inhibited by alanine in a competitive manner with respect to citrulline. It is concluded that this effects is the primary cause of inhibition of urea-cycle flux by alanine. PMID- 7369999 TI - Overlapping functional systems: a theory for vertebrate central nervous system function in terms of informal systems analysis. AB - An holistic theory of the functional organization of the central nervous system, a system at the level of the organ, in vertebrate organisms is presented as an alternative to localization of function by using two sets of complementary rules for systems designation derived from systems theory. These rules reveal three types of systems according to levels of operation and the origins of goals. These are: (1) the teleogenic or primary systems (reproductive, food-water intake-use, thermoregulative, immune, oxygen intake-use); (2) the teleozetic or subsystems (internal sensory and motor, external motor, external sensory); (3) the teleonomic systems or echelons (field, local circuit, basic functional unit, basic excitation unit). The systems, subsystems, and echelons are discussed with regard to their hierarchical relationships, the nature of their goals, and the supporting experimental evidence. The theory is discussed as an explicit statement of multileveled relationships for the analysis of the vertebrate CNS and, therefore, as presenting a paradigm for, or a way of thinking about, local and global brain theories, brain dysfunction, and brain evolution. PMID- 7370001 TI - Effect of electrical stimulation post mortem of bovine muscle on the binding of glycolytic enzymes. Functional and structural implications. AB - The extent of binding of glycolytic enzymes to the particulate fraction of homogenates was measured in bovine psoas muscle before and after electrical stimulation. In association with an accelerated glycolytic rate on stimulation, there was a significant increase in the binding of certain glycolytic enzymes, the most notable of which were phosphofructokinase, aldolase, glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase. From the known association of glycolytic enzymes with the I-band of muscle it is proposed that electrical stimulation of anaerobic muscle increases enzyme binding to actin filaments. Calculations of the extent of enzyme binding suggest that significant amounts of enzyme protein, particularly aldolase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, are associated with the actin filaments. The results also imply that kinetic parameters derived from considerations of the enzyme activity in the soluble state may not have direct application to the situation in the muscle fibre, particularly during accelerated glycolysis. PMID- 7370002 TI - Differential effect of L-thyroxine on phospholipid biosynthesis in mitochondria and microsomal fraction. AB - 1. The action of L-thyroxine on the incorporation of radioactive choline or CDP choline into phosphatidylcholine in vitro was explored in liver and brain microsomal fraction and mitochondria obtained from young adult rats. 2. In liver mitochondria isolated from animals treated with L-thyroxine (40 mg/kg body wt. during 6 days), the incorporation of both radioactive precursors into phosphatidylcholine was significantly decreased compared with normal controls, whereas in the total homogenate and in the microsomal fraction the incorporation was similar in the experimental and control groups. In subcellular fractions isolated from brain, the incorporation of precursors was similar in L-thyroxine treated and normal animals. 3. Liver mitochondria isolated from normal animals incubated in vitro with CDP-choline, in the presence of different concentrations of L-thyroxine, showed also a marked decrease in the incorporation of label into phosphatidylcholine, whereas no significant changes were found in the total homogenate and in the microsomal fraction compared with control experiments. 4. The differential effect of L-thyroxine on the incorporation of radioactive precursors into phosphatidylcholine of isolated liver subcellular fractions gives further support to the hypothesis that liver mitochondria can independently synthesize part of their own phospholipids. 5. Possible mechanisms of the action of the hormone at the mitochondrial level are discussed. PMID- 7370003 TI - Microbial metabolism of amino alcohols. Biosynthetic utilization of ethanolamine for lipid synthesis by bacteria. AB - 1. Ten bacteria utilizing [2-14C]ethanol-2-amine as the sole or major source of nitrogen for growth on glycerol + salts medium incorporated radioactivity into a variety of bacterial substances. A high proportion was commonly found in lipid fractions, particularly in the case of Erwinia carotovora. 2. Detailed studies of [14C]ethanolamine incorporation into lipids by five bacteria, including E. carotovora, showed that all detectable lipids were labelled. Even where phosphatidylethanolamine was the major lipid labelled, radioactivity was predominantly in the fatty acid rather than the base moiety. The labelled fatty acids were identified in each case. 3. The addition of acetate to growth media decreased the incorporation of radioactivity from ethanolamine into both fatty acid and phosphatidyl-base fragments of lipids from all the bacteria except Mycobacterium smegmatis. Experiments with [3H]ethanolamine and [14C]acetate confirmed that unlabelled acetate decreased the incorporation of both radioactive isotopes into lipids, except in the case of M. smegmatis. 4. Enzyme studies suggested one of two metabolic routes between ethanolamine and acetyl-CoA for each of four bacteria. A role for ethanolamine O-phosphate was not obligatory for the incorporation of [14C]ethanolamine into phospholipids, but correlated with CoA-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 7370004 TI - The catabolism of prostaglandins by rat skin. AB - The activities of NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase in soluble fractions of rat skin and lung were compared by using a radiochemical assay method. Tritiated prostaglandin F2 alpha was incubated with NAD+ and 120,000 g supernatant of tissue homogenate. Extracted prostaglandin substrate and reaction products were separated by t.l.c. and quantitatively determined by liquid-scintillation counting. With skin 120,000 g supernatant, 10 mM-NAD+ and an incubation time of 15 min, the mean Vmax. was 5.5 nmol of prostaglandin F2 alpha converted/s per litre of reaction mixture. With lung 120,000 g supernatant, 60 mM NAD+ and an incubation time of 5 min, the mean Vmax. was 26.9 nmol/s per litre, demonstrating 5-fold greater dehydrogenase activity in lung per unit wet weight of tissue. However, the total wet weight of skin was about 23 times that of lung, on dissection of individual rats, indicating that the entire skin may contain 4.5 times the total 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase activity of the lungs. Skin may thus be an important organ of prostaglandin catabolism. PMID- 7370005 TI - Glucose metabolism and recycling of radioactively labelled glucose in the Zucker genetically obese rat (fa/fa). AB - 1. The glucose metabolism of conscious lean and obese rats of the Zucker strain was studied by using doubly labelled glucose ([6-3H,U-14C]glucose) given by intravenous injection as a single dose. Fed animals were used, allowing the study to be made in conditions favouring active lipogenesis. 2. At any given prior food intake (consumption during preceding 24 h), the irreversible glucose replacement rate, R0, was considerably higher in the growing obese rat (4-6 months old) when both of these variables were scaled in terms of the total body water of the animals. 3. When scaled in a similar way, the minimal mass of glucose (Mmin.) was also larger in the obese rats. The mean transit time, t, through the pool did not differ significantly between the two groups, but there was a tendency for this to be shorter in obese rats. 4. There was no difference in the proportion of 14C (derived from metabolized labelled glucose) that recycled as [14C]-glucose after passing through the pyruvate pool in the two groups of rats if the rate of recycling of radioactivity (Rc) was expressed as a percentage of R0. PMID- 7370006 TI - Sodium ion/L-lactate co-transport in rabbit small-intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles. AB - Uptake of L-lactate into rabbit jejunal brush-border-membrane vesicles prepared by a Ca2+-precipitation procedure was studied by a rapid filtration technique with L-[14C]-lactate as tracer. Transport of L-lactate into an intravesicular (osmotically reactive) space could be established. An inwardly directed NaCl gradient (outside 21 mM/inside 0mM) stimulated the uptake of L-lactate at 15 s 2 4-fold compared with that observed with an equal KCl gradient. A transient accumulation of L-lactate inside the vesicles (overshoot) was observed in the presence of an NaCl gradient. Gradients of LiCl, RbCl, CsCl or choline chloride were not able to replace NaCl in the stimulation of L-lactate uptake. L-Lactate uptake was saturable only in the presence of Na+. D-Lactate, DL-thiolactate (2-DL mercaptopropionate), pyruvate and propionate inhibited the Na+-stimulated L lactate uptake; D-lactate, thiolactate and pyruvate provoked trans-stimulation of L-lactate uptake. Artificially imposed diffusion potentials (inside negative) did not exert any effect on the Na+-dependent L-lactate uptake. The results are consistent with the existence of an electroneutral Na+/L-lactate co-transport system in the brush border of rabbit small intestine. PMID- 7370007 TI - Oestrogen-induced synthesis of thiamin-binding protein in immature chicks. Kinetics of induction, hormonal specificity and modulation. AB - A specific radioimmunoassay procedure was developed to monitor the plasma concentrations of thiamin-binding protein, a minor yolk constituent of the chicken egg. By using this sensitive assay, the kinetics of oestrogen-induced elaboration of this specific protein in immature chicks was investigated. After a single injection of the steroid hormone, with an initial lag period of 4-5h the thiamin-binding protein rapidly accumulated in the plasma, attaining peak concentrations around 75h and declining thereafter. A 4-fold amplification of the response was noticed during the secondary stimulation, and this increased to 9 fold during the tertiary stimulation with the steroid hormone. The magnitude of the response was dependent on the hormone dose, and the initial latent period and the duration of the ascending phase of induction were unchanged for the hormonal doses tested during both the primary and secondary stimulations. The circulatory half-life of the protein was 6h as calculated from the measurement of the rate of disappearance of the exogenously administered (125)I-labelled protein. Simultaneous administration of progesterone, dihydrotestosterone or corticosterone did not alter the pattern of induction. On the other hand, hyperthyroidism markedly decreased the oestrogenic response, whereas propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism had the opposite effect. The anti oestrogen E- and Z-clomiphene citrates, administered 30min before oestrogen, effectively blocked the hormonal induction. alpha-Amanitin and cycloheximide administered along with or shortly after the sex steroid severely curtailed the protein elaboration. A comparison of the kinetics of induction of thiamin- and riboflavin-binding proteins by oestrogen revealed that, beneath an apparent similarity, a clear-cut difference exists between the two vitamin-binding proteins, particularly with regard to hormonal dose-dependent sensitivity of induction and the half-life in circulation. The steroid-mediated elaboration of the two yolk proteins thus appears to be not strictly co-ordinated, despite several common regulatory features underlying their induction. PMID- 7370009 TI - Surface-labelling studies on skeletal-muscle cells in vitro. Heterogeneity of iodinated cell-surface proteins. AB - 1. Two distinct classes of protein were detected at the surface of chick-embryo skeletal-muscle cells after iodination of the cells in monolayer culture. 2. The two classes of iodinated proteins differed in their ability to co-purify with a vesicular plasma-membrane fraction prepared from surface-labelled cells. 3. One class consisted of predominantly high-molecular-weight glycoproteins that co purified with the plasma-membrane fraction, but showed no significant qualitative or quantitative alterations in labelling with 125I and lactoperoxidase during myogenesis. 4. A second class of predominantly lower-molecular-weight proteins showed reproducible quantitative alterations in 125I-labelling during myogenesis but failed to co-purify with the plasma-membrane fraction. 5. This second class of proteins may represent matrix proteins involved in intercellular adhesion or adhesion of cells to the substratum. They are unlikely to be directly required for the process of plasma-membrane fusion during myogenesis, since they do not copurify with a vesicular plasma-membrane fraction known to be capable of Ca2+ dependent fusion in vitro. PMID- 7370008 TI - Energy transduction in intact synaptosomes. Influence of plasma-membrane depolarization on the respiration and membrane potential of internal mitochondria determined in situ. AB - A method is described, based on the differential accumulation of Rb+ and methyltriphenylphosphonium, for the simultaneous estimation of the membrane potentials across the plasma membrane of isolated nerve endings (synaptosomes), and across the inner membrane of mitochondria within the synaptosomal cytoplasm. These determinations, together with measurements of respiratory rates, and ATP and phosphocreatine concentrations, are used to define the bioenergetic behaviour of isolated synaptosomes under a variety of conditions. Under control conditions, in the presence of glucose, the plasma and mitochondrial membrane potentials are respectively 45 and 148mV. Addition of a proton translocator induces a 5-fold increase in respiration, and abolishes the mitochondrial membrane potential. The addition of rotenone to inhibit respiration does not affect the plasma membrane potential, and only lowers the mitochondrial membrane potential to 128mV. Evidence is presented that ATP synthesis by anaerobic glycolysis is sufficient under these conditions to maintain ATP-dependent processes, including the reversal of the mitochondrial ATP synthetase. Addition of oligomycin under non respiring conditions leads to a complete collapse of the mitochondrial potential. Even under control conditions the plasma membrane (Na+ + K+)-dependent ATPase is responsible for a significant proportion of the synaptosomal ATP turnover. Veratridine greatly increases respiration, and depolarizes the plasma membrane, but only slightly lowers the mitochondrial membrane potential. High K+ and ouabain also lower the plasma membrane potential without decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential. In non-respiring synaptosomes, anaerobic glycolysis is incapable of maintaining cytosolic ATP during the increased turnover induced by veratridine, and the mitochondrial membrane potential collapses. It is concluded that the internal mitochondria must be considered in any study of synaptosomal transport. PMID- 7370010 TI - The effect of ascorbic acid on the nature and production of collagen and elastin by rat smooth-muscle cells. AB - 1. The effects of various concentrations of ascorbic acid on the quality and quantity of the insoluble extracellular matrices produced by two strains of cultured rat smooth-muscle cells were studied. 2. Ascorbic acid was necessary for the appearance of insoluble collagen in the extracellular matrix. 3. Secretion of soluble collagen continued in the absence of ascorbic acid, but this soluble collagen was markedly underhydroxylated. 4. The amount of insoluble collagen present in the matrix was directly related to the ascorbic acid concentration. 5. The insoluble collagen that appeared in the matrix under conditions where ascorbic acid was limiting was no more than 7% underhydroxylated. 6. In contrast, the amount of insoluble elastin produced was inversely proportional to the ascorbic acid concentration. 7. The elastin produced in the absence of ascorbic acid had the expected amino acid composition, but hydroxyproline was absent. 8. The hydroxyproline content of elastin was also directly dependent on the ascorbic acid concentration. 9. Ascorbic acid had variable effects on the quantity of glycoprotein(s) present in the matrix. 10. The appearance of insoluble collagen in the extracellular matrices produced by cultured human fibroblasts and calf endothelial cells was also completely dependent on the presence of ascorbic acid. PMID- 7370012 TI - Mechanisms of loss of latency of lysosomal enzymes. Effects of incubation on the properties of lysosomal membranes. AB - 1. The effects of sucrose and KCl on the loss of latency of lysosomal enzymes caused by incubation at 37 degrees C, pH 7.4, were examined by using Triton filled lysosomes from rat liver and two fractions from livers of rats not injected with Triton. 2. After incubation, the percentage free activity of lysosomal enzymes was measured before and after cooling to 0 degrees C in order to determine the amount of latency lost at 37 degrees C without cooling and the additional amount lost on cooling the incubated lysosomes to 0 degrees C. 3. The latency that is lost without cooling is first decreased and then increased by increasing the osmotic strength of the incubation medium with KCl, or with sucrose in the presence of KCl. However, if the osmotic strength is increased with sucrose alone, loss of latency is decreased up to 0.25M-sucrose, but is increased only slightly at higher sucrose concentrations. Apparently the lysosome is permeated by hyperosmolar KCl but not by sucrose during incubation. 4. If the osmotic strength of the assay medium is increased with KCl, the loss of latency caused by incubation for 60 min in hyperosmolar KCl is repressed. Thus it appears that a KCl-permeated lysosome can be obtained which is relatively stable until exposure to lower osmolarities. 5. The loss of latency caused by cooling incubated lysosomes to 0 degrees C is largely eliminated if the osmotic strength of the medium in which the lysosomes are cooled is raised sufficiently with either sucrose or KCl. 6. Osmotic-fragility curves were obtained after incubation for 1 and 60 min at iso-osmoticity (0.2M-KCl or 0.25 M-sucrose). Although little loss of latency occurs at iso-osmoticity, lysosomes incubated for 60 min display greatly increased fragility on exposure to hypo-osmolar KCl, hypo-osmolar sucrose or hyperosmolar KCl. 7. It is suggested that permeability to KCl at 37 degrees C and the increase in fragility on exposure to hypo-osmolar conditions are both consequences of injury, probably from enzymic action, sustained by the lysosomal membrane during incubation at 37 degrees C. PMID- 7370011 TI - Hydrophobic interaction between the monomer of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and phospholipid membranes. AB - Porcine mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) dissociates into subunits on dilution. The enzyme monomer caused large increases in the surface pressure of monolayers of 1:1 phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine at air/water and oil/water interfaces. The monomer increased the permeability of phospholipid vesicles to 22Na+. Both effects were significantly greater than the corresponding effects of ribonuclease A, cytochrome c and the dimeric form of malate dehydrogenase. Changes in the circular-dichroism spectra of the enzyme indicated that conformational changes may be associated with dimer formation or when monomer interacts with lysophosphatidyl-choline. Similar interactions to those described may occur in situ when mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase is transported to the mitochondrial matrix from its site of synthesis on cytosolic ribosomes. PMID- 7370013 TI - Substrate-specificity studies on protochlorophyllide reductase in barley (Hordeum vulgare) etioplast membranes. AB - 1. The substrate specificity of the enzyme protochlorophyllide reductase in barley (Hordeum vulgare) etioplasts was investigated. 2. It was shown that naturally occurring esterified protochlorophyllide and chemically prepared protochlorophyllide methyl ester are not substrates for the enzyme, suggesting an important role for the C-7 carboxylic acid group in binding of the porphyrin to the enzyme. 3. Removal of magnesium from the protochlorophyllide leads to inactivity of the compound as a substrate for the enzyme. However, activity can be restored by replacing the magnesium with zinc, whereas nickel, copper or cobalt failed to restore substrate activity. 4. Binding of the second substrate, NADPH, to the enzyme probably occurs through the 2'-phosphate group in the coenzyme. PMID- 7370014 TI - Transacylation as a chain-termination mechanism in fatty acid synthesis by mammalian fatty acid synthetase. Synthesis of butyrate and hexanoate by lactating cow mammary gland fatty acid synthetase. AB - 1. Purified cow mammary gland fatty acid synthetase synthesized long-chain unesterified and short-chain esterified fatty acids. 2. A direct relationship was observed between the amount of short-chain products synthesized and the concentration of acetyl-CoA in the incubation medium. 3. The short-chain products were identified as butyryl-CoA and hexanoyl-CoA. 4. Inhibition of the terminating thioester hydrolase of the fatty acid synthetase complex with phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride did not inhibit the synthesis of short-chain products. 5. It is suggested that the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids involves the reverse of the 'loading' reaction. PMID- 7370015 TI - Characterization of rat hypothalamic progestin binding by spheroidal hydroxylapatite chromatography. AB - The progestin-high-affinity-binding components in rat target tissues have been assayed by a simple and precise procedure by using spheroidal hydroxylapatite. The progestin 'receptors' in the uterus and hypothalamus of female rats are highly specific for progestins, which they bind with high affinity (Kd for [3H]progesterone in hypothalamus is 1.9 nM and in uterus is 3.7 nM). The dissociation of [3H]progesterone from receptor in vitro is rapid: t1/2 6 degrees C = 45 min in uterine cytosol; t1/2 6 degrees C = 160 min in hypothalamic cytosol. The binding is destroyed by proteinase. In the cytosol of hypothalamus and cortex of developing rats, progestin 'receptors' were present in both male and female rats by 2-3 days after birth; subsequent changes in concentration of these 'receptors' appeared to be independent of sex. Concentrations of progestin 'receptor' were close to adult values by 8-9 days, and thereafter changed relatively little. PMID- 7370016 TI - The utilization of glucose for the synthesis of milk components in the fed and starved lactating goat in vivo. AB - 1. [U-14C]Glucose and [3-3H]glucose were infused into fed and starved lactating goats in order to study glucose metabolism in the mammary gland. 2. Glucose carbon was oxidized and metabolizet to milk lactose, citrate and triacylglycerol in the lactating goat udder. 3. Recycling of glucose carbon in the lactating animal accounted for 10-20% of the total glucose turnover in the whole animal. Recycling of glucose 6-phosphate in the udder accounted for about 25% of the glucose 6-phosphate metabolized. 4. Flux of glucose 6-phosphate through the pentose phosphate pathway was sufficient to account for 34% of the NADPH required for fatty acid synthesis in the gland in the fed animal. 5. Net metabolism of glucose 6-phosphate via the pentose phosphate pathway accounted for 17.8 and 1.2% of the glucose phosphorylated by the mammary gland in the fed and starved animal respectively. Metabolism of glucose 6-phosphate via the pentose phosphate pathway was sufficient to account for all the CO2 produced from glucose in the fed animal, but only 17% of the CO2 produced from glucose in the starved animal. PMID- 7370018 TI - Induction of peroxisomal beta-oxidation in rat liver by high-fat diets. AB - Liver peroxisomes were prepared by using a Percoll gradient in a vertical rotor. beta-Oxidation was measured in peroxisomes isolated from livers of rats fed on either high-(15% by wt.) or low- (5% by wt.) fat diets. The feeding of high-fat diets gave a 1.4-2.4-fold increase in total liver peroxisomal beta-oxidation, and a similar increase in specific activity. A 1.5-4.5-fold increase was seen in the specific activity of purified peroxisomal preparations. The reasons for these increases are discussed. PMID- 7370017 TI - Triacylglycerol metabolism in isolated rat kidney cortex tubules. AB - Triacylglycerol metabolism has been studied in kidney cortex tubules from starved rats, prepared by collagenase treatment. Triacylglycerol was determined by a newly developed fully enzymic method. Incubation of tubules in the absence of fatty acids led to a decrease of endogenous triacylglycerol by about 50% in 1h. Addition of albuminbound oleate or palmitate resulted in a steady increase of tissue triacylglycerol over 2h. The rate of triacylglycerol synthesis was linearly dependent on oleate concentration up to 0.8mm, reaching a saturation at higher concentrations. Triacylglycerol formation from palmitate was less than that from oleate. This difference was qualitatively the same when net synthesis was compared with incorporation of labelled fatty acids. Quantitatively, however, the difference was less with the incorporation technique. Gluconeogenic substrates, which by themselves had no effect on triacylglycerol concentrations, stimulated neutral lipid formation from fatty acids. Glucose and lysine did not have such a stimulatory effect. Inhibition of gluconeogenesis from lactate by mercaptopicolinic acid likewise inhibited triacylglycerol formation. This inhibitory effect was seen with oleate as well as with oleate plus lactate. When [2-(14)C]lactate was used the incorporation of label into triacylglycerol was found in the glycerol moiety exclusively. Addition of dl-beta-hydroxybutyrate (5mm) to the incubation medium in the presence of oleate or oleate plus lactate led to a significant increase in triacylglycerol formation. In contrast with the gluconeogenic substrates, dl-beta-hydroxybutyrate had no stimulatory effect on fatty acid uptake. The results suggest that renal triacylglycerol formation is a quantitatively important metabolic process. The finding that gluconeogenic substrates, but not glucose, increase lipid formation, indicates that the glycerol moiety is formed by glyceroneogenesis in the proximal tubules. The effect of ketone bodies seems to be caused by the sparing action of these substrates on fatty acid oxidation. The decrease of triacylglycerol in the absence of exogenous substrates confirms previous conclusions that endogenous lipids provide fatty acids for renal energy metabolism. PMID- 7370019 TI - Effect of tunicamycin on the metabolism of low-density lipoproteins by control and low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-deficient human skin fibroblasts. AB - Preincubation of normal human skin fibroblasts with tunicamycin, which inhibits N glycosylation of glycoproteins, resulted in a dose-dependent and reversible inhibition of binding and internalization of homologous low-density lipoproteins by the cells. The degradation of the internalized lipoproteins was not affected by the drug. Comparative studies with fibroblasts deficient in low-density lipoprotein receptors indicated that tunicamycin exerts its inhibitory effect only via the receptor-mediated high-affinity binding and uptake of lipoproteins. These results suggest that expression of low-density-lipoprotein receptors on the cell surface of human skin fibroblasts depends on intact N-glycosylation. PMID- 7370020 TI - Contribution of rat liver and gastrointestinal tract to whole-body protein synthesis in the rat. AB - The rate of protein synthesis was assessed in liver, stomach, small and large intestine and in the whole body of rats by injection of 100 mumol of [14C]leucine/100 g body wt. In each of the tissues turnover was very rapid, so that taken together they accounted for 43% of the protein synthesized by the whole animal. PMID- 7370021 TI - The size of collagen fibrils that stimulate platelet aggregation in human plasma. AB - Suspensions of collagen fibrils of different size were prepared from solutions of radioactive tropocollagen type I by either differential centrifugation or differential incubation at elevated temperature. The fractions were compared with respect to their ability to stimulate human blood platelet aggregation in plasma, their binding to human platelets, and their morphology, as seen in the electron microscope. Although small particles with a sedimentation coefficient as low as 4.5 S bound to platelets, aggregation was not observed in the presence of collagen multimers and protofibrils without visible cross-bands in stained specimens. The onset of platelet-aggregating activity before the appearance of turbidity in collagen solutions incubated at elevated temperature is due to the formation of a few banded fibrils; this early onset and the fibrils do not appear in collagen solutions that have been ulctracentrifuged before incubation. PMID- 7370022 TI - Cultured fibroblasts of juvenile diabetics have excessively soluble pericellular collagen. PMID- 7370023 TI - POLY-ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins in differentiating Friend cells. PMID- 7370024 TI - Comparison of the heavy chains of physiologically different myosins by isoelectric focusing. PMID- 7370025 TI - Decrease or increase in cardiac muscarinic cholinergic receptor number in rats treated with methacholine or atropine. PMID- 7370026 TI - A new O-glycosidically linked tri-hexosamine core structure in sheep gastric mucin: a preliminary note. PMID- 7370027 TI - Allosteric regulation of serine hydroxymethyltransferase from mung bean (Phaseolus aureus). PMID- 7370029 TI - Presence of nickel in factor F430 from Methanobacterium bryantii. PMID- 7370028 TI - Paradoxical effects of 17 beta-estradiol on glucose transport in primary cell cultures of a rat mammary tumor. PMID- 7370031 TI - Arachidonate metabolite(s) increase the permeability of the plasma membrane of the neutrophils to calcium. PMID- 7370032 TI - Changes in morphology and membrane carbohydrates of erythrocytes in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumour. PMID- 7370030 TI - Fluorescent reagents for the labeling of glycoconjugates in solution and on cell surfaces. PMID- 7370035 TI - Occurrence of two different endorphins in the salmon pituitary. PMID- 7370036 TI - Partial purification and characterization of poly(dC)-dependent DNA polymerase and its stimulating factor. PMID- 7370033 TI - Redox reactions of the hydrogenase-cytochrome C3 system from Desulfovibrio gigas with the synthetic analogue of ferredoxin active site [Fe4S4 (S-CH2-CH2OH)4]2-. PMID- 7370037 TI - The formation of L-3-phosphoglyceric acid by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. PMID- 7370034 TI - Spectroscopic study of photoreceptor membrane incorporated into a multilamellar film. PMID- 7370038 TI - L-3-phosphoglyceric acid, formed by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, is the primary substrate for photorespiration: experimental test of a hypothesis. PMID- 7370039 TI - Ring current effects in adriamycin-flavin mononucleotide complexation as observed by 1H FT NMR spectroscopy. PMID- 7370040 TI - Heme transport from rat liver mitochondria to the microsomes in vitro. PMID- 7370041 TI - Differences in cholesterol transport by normal and malignant human kidney cells. PMID- 7370042 TI - Effects of glucagon and Na+ on the control of extramitochondrial free Ca2+ concentration by mitochondrial from liver and heart. PMID- 7370043 TI - Nucleosome-histone acetyltransferase from rat liver chromatin. PMID- 7370044 TI - A chloride dependent K+ flux induced by N-ethylmaleimide in genetically low K+ sheep and goat erythrocytes. PMID- 7370045 TI - The interaction of bis-pyridinium oximes with mouse brain muscarinic receptor. PMID- 7370046 TI - Uptake of beta-phenylethylamine in rat isolated lung. PMID- 7370047 TI - The effect of the methionine antagonist L-2-amino-4-methoxy-trans-3-butenoic acid on the growth and metabolism of Walker carcinosarcoma in vitro. PMID- 7370048 TI - Effect of isoprenaline infusion on the distribution of tryptophan, tyrosine and isoleucine between brain and other tissues. PMID- 7370049 TI - Effect of methylmercuric chloride on gene expression in neuroblastoma and glioma cells after acute and chronic treatments. PMID- 7370051 TI - Plasma protein binding and interaction studies with diflunisal, a new salicylate analgesic. PMID- 7370052 TI - The inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase by folate analogues: structural requirements for slow- and tight-binding inhibition. PMID- 7370050 TI - Inhibition of hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation by drug substrates without drug metabolism. PMID- 7370053 TI - Characteristics of monoamine oxidase in mitochondria isolated from chick brain, liver, kidney and heart. PMID- 7370054 TI - Inhibition of tubulin polymerization by nitrosourea-derived isocyanates. PMID- 7370055 TI - Effects of lithium chloride on the cholinergic system in different brain regions in mice. PMID- 7370056 TI - Half-lives of salsolinol and tetrahydropapaveroline hydrobromide following intracerebroventricular injection. PMID- 7370057 TI - Morphine-induced depression of the hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme- effect on the lipid component. PMID- 7370058 TI - Restricted subpopulations of DNA antibodies in kidneys of mice with systemic lupus. Comparison of antibodies in serum and renal eluates. AB - Sera from MRL/1, BXSB, and NZB/NZW mice, which develop IgG antibodies to DNA and glomerular deposits of DNA-antiDNA immune complexes, were studied by isoelectric focusing. A large array of IgG antibodies with isoelectric points ranging from pH 5.5--9.0 were found to bind double-stranded DNA. Antibodies with isoelectric points from 8.0--8.5 were significantly more frequent than antibodies focusing in all other pH ranges. In contrast, glomerular eluates from MRL/1 and NZB/NZW mice contained a restricted number of DNA-binding bands, all of which focused at pH 8.0--9.0. Anti-DNA with isoelectric points from pH 8.0--9.0 may be more pathogenic for the kidney than other subpopulations. PMID- 7370059 TI - Synovial pathologic changes in spontaneous canine rheumatoid-like arthritis. AB - The synovial fluid and membrane were studied in 10 dogs meeting the American Rheumatism Association criteria for classic human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Light microscopic pathologic features were consistent with those found in the human disease. Neutrophilic infiltration of synovium was somewhat more prominent than in chronic human RA, and activated lymphocytes in fluid or membrane were less frequent. The proliferative and plasma cell reaction seemed identical. Electron microscopy (EM) suggested microvascular injury with findings which included electron dense deposits in the vessel walls of 2 dogs. Seven dogs had meshworks of 20--25 nm tubules in tubuloreticular structures (TRS) similar to those seen in human systemic lupus erythematosus and only occasionally in human RA. There were also crystalline arrays of tubules, a configuration previously reported in tumors and virus infections and possibly suggestive of a cellular reaction to virus infection. To date no initiating agent has been identified, but this spontaneous canine disease which is very similar to human RA can provide a valuable model in which to examine pathogenesis of chronic arthritis. PMID- 7370060 TI - Antigen-induced arthritis. Studies on the inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis observed in articular cartilage during short-term joint inflammation. AB - During the acute phase of antigen-induced arthritis, cartilage was obtained from five different sites within the joint, and chondrocyte activity was assessed by autoradiography of sections labeled with 35S-sulfate. There was a marked inhibition of chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis in all weight-bearing areas; in addition, the complete superficial layer of cells and many mid-zone cells in these areas were completely inactive. Electron microscopy showed that the inactive surface cells had degenerated completely, and that many mid-zone cells contained an accumulation of intracytoplasmic filaments and were depleted in biosynthetic organelles. A biochemical study of the inhibition showed that: 1) the incorporation of 35S-sulfate and 3H-acetate into glycosaminoglycans was inhibited to a similar extent; 2) the inhibition of glycosaminoglycan synthesis could not be reversed either by the addition of benzyl-beta-D-xyloside to incubations or by maintenance of the cartilage in organ culture for 6 days; 3) the inhibited chondrocytes exhibited a decreased ability to secrete proteoglycans into the extracellular fraction of the cartilage. PMID- 7370062 TI - Cricopharyngeal muscle dysfunction in the differential diagnosis of dysphagia in polymyositis. PMID- 7370061 TI - Familial chondrocalcinosis. Prevalence in Northern Spain and clinical features in five pedigrees. AB - The first-degree consanguineous relatives of 46 patients with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease were examined for the presence of articular chondrocalcinosis. In 5 cases the process was familial, with 17 persons in the oldest living generation (mean age 69 +/- 7.4) showing radiographic evidence of calcified cartilage. The clinical syndrome was characterized by a female predominance, late onset of symptoms with mild arthritic manifestations, and oligoarticular chondrocalcinosis. These data suggest that the familial type of CPPD crystal deposition disease is more frequent than formerly thought. PMID- 7370063 TI - Penicillamine-induced myasthenia gravis in progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 7370064 TI - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and neutrophil chemotaxis. PMID- 7370065 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: histocompatibility typing and hepatitis-B infection studies. PMID- 7370066 TI - Rheumatoid knee synovitis successfully treated with intraarticular Rifamicin SV. PMID- 7370067 TI - Identification of large mononuclear cells in varicella arthritis. PMID- 7370068 TI - [Critical study on methods for determining antibiotic tissue levels in humans (author's transl)]. PMID- 7370069 TI - [Clinical and hemodynamic effects of perhexiline maleate in healthy subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7370070 TI - [Autoradiographic distribution of 14C after administering tracer-marked nitroprusside, cyanide and thiocyanate to pregnant mice and rats (author's transl)]. AB - Doses of ca. 2--3 mg/kg of nitroprusside, cyanide and thiocyanate, tracer-marked with 14C, were applied i.v. to pregnant mice and rats. Autoradiograms of the whole animal were taken 1 min, 10 min and 60 min after administration. After administering nitroprusside two phases of the tracer pattern could be distinguished: the phase of removal of the cyanide poisoning with tracer-markings predominant in the liver and the lungs, followed by the phase of thiocyanate excretion, with tracer-markings predominantly in the stomach and urinary system. Tracer-markings in the foetuses were observed during the thiocyanate phase, but not during the cyanide phase. The therapeutic consequences are discussed. PMID- 7370071 TI - [Influence of phospholipids and their combination with prothrombin complex and calcium ions on coagulation in mice and rabbits both normal and affected by acetylsalicylic acid (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of phospholipids and their combination with prothrombin and calcium on coagulation both normal and affected by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was investigated by determination of the bleeding time of mice, thrombelastographic (TEG) measurements and counting of thrombocytes of rabbits. Bleeding times and times of the TEG were prolonged after oral application of ASA, while thrombus stability was not altered. The number of thrombocytes decreased. Bleeding- and TEG-times normalized after injection of phospholipids. This effect was increased and of longer duration when phospholipids were combined with calcium and prothrombin. Decrease of the number of thrombocytes caused by pretreatment with ASA normalized only after injection of phospholipids together with prothrombin and calcium. The number of thrombocytes was not negatively influenced by the therapy in animals with normal coagulation. PMID- 7370074 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of desoxymethasone]. PMID- 7370072 TI - Non-competitive inhibition of bradykinin, acetylcholine and histamine on guinea pig ileum with streptomycin and vitamin K3. AB - Streptomycin and vitamin K3 were studied on the guinea-pig ileum for their effects on the cumulative dose-response curves of bradykinin, acetylcholine and histamine. Streptomycin and vitamin K3 antagonized each of these agonists non competitively. The comparison of the non-competitive affinities of the antagonists indicate that all of these agonists antagonized by a common mechanism. PMID- 7370073 TI - A hyperthyreosis model experiment in rats. PMID- 7370075 TI - [Hemodynamic changes following acute myocardial ischemia and zinc-protamine glucagon application in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7370076 TI - The biological properties of Org 6216, a new type of steroid with a selective local anti-inflammatory action. AB - 11 beta-Hydroxy-16 alpha, 17 alpha, 21-trimethyl-pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione(ORG 6216) is a novel type of anti-inflammatory steroid which displays a dissociation of local from systemic effects in a range of animal models. Moreover, ORG 6216 is exceptional in that it has not shown any significant atrophogenic activity in the skin when administered either topically or intracutaneously in animal models. PMID- 7370077 TI - Comparative effects of S-methylmethionine (vitamin U) and methionine on choline deficient fatty liver in rats. AB - A pharmacological difference between S-methylmethionine (MMSC) and methionine (Met) at higher dose p.o. was tested on the fatty liver in choline-deficient rats. MMSC normalized the fatty liver. In contrast, Met accelerated the syndrome accompanying with increased liver weight. PMID- 7370078 TI - [The effects of oral carbocromen on the therapeutic and toxic effects of digitalis]. AB - The arrhythmogenic and lethal doses of digoxin i.v. were determined in anaesthetized dogs, pretreated orally with placebo or with carbocromen 3-(2 diethylaminoethyl)-4-methyl-7-carbethoxy-methoxy)-2-oxo-1,2-chromene hydrochloride (carbocromen, Intensain retard). Measurements of heart rate and dpldtmax during constant infusion of digoxin should demonstrate possible interference of carbocromen with the therapeutic effects of digoxin. Pretreatment of the animals (3--5 weeks) with carbocromen leads to strong protection against toxic effects of digoxin even 16--20 h after last dosing. Single oral application 1 h prior to anaesthesia also has a strong protective action. The behaviour of heart rate and dpldtmax in the treated animals is not different from that in the placebo group. The design of experiments and the results allow the conclusion that the different pharmacokinetics of carbocromen (serum) as compared to digoxin is of no consequence because the protective effects are not correlated to plasma levels. PMID- 7370079 TI - [Effect of aprindine in patients with normal and pre-damaged impulse forming and excitation conducting system/First communication; Sinus node function (author's transl)]. AB - In 18 patients the influence of aprindine on sinus node function has been evaluated. The criteria were heart rate in spontaneous rhythm, sinus node recovery time (SRT), and the warm-up period after atrial stimulation with frequencies between 90 and 140/min. After aprindine the spontaneous rate increased significantly, whereas SRT and the warm-up period were not affected significantly. The patients with sinu-atrial disease showed a shortening of the spontaneous cycle-length and a decrease in SRT after aprindine. The results are discussed regarding the electrophysiological characteristics of the sinus node (slow current, automaticity) and their changes produced by stimulation and aprindine. PMID- 7370080 TI - Study of the teratogenic activity of ribosomal vaccine. AB - The investigation on the possible teratogenic activity of a vaccinal formula of ribosomes of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes A12 and Haemophilus influenzae (D 53) was carried out in three animal species: rats, mice, rabbits. The trials were performed on two generatins of rats and mice, and on one single generation of rabbits. D 53 was given in s.c. injections (6 days a week) for 8 days before mating the females, and then until the females dropped (or were sacrificed when foetuses had to be removed by Caesarean operation). The possible teratogenic or embryotoxic effects of D 53 were evaluated using the following checks: fertility rates in the mated females; rates of placenta-foetal resorptions; abnormalites in foetuses and offspring (dissection and skeletal staining). In the above experimental conditions, D 53 had no embryotoxic and teratogenic activity in the 3 animal species used. PMID- 7370081 TI - Ribosomal vaccine chronic toxicity in the rat. PMID- 7370082 TI - Toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and cholesterol-inhibitory effect of 7 ketocholesterol. AB - The possible toxic effect of intravenous 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), a steroid which has been shown to inhibit cholesterol flux in the arterial wall, was investigated in rabbits. The histology, hematology and blood chemistry were compared in 4 control animals, 3 animals receiving high doses (5.50 +/- 0.33 mg/kg/day) and 4 animals injected with lower doses 1.85 +/- 0.28 mg/kg/day) of the oxygenated sterol. Each animal received a total of 16 injections at the rate of 2 injections per day. Pharmacokinetic studies on the disappearance rate of [4 (14)C]7-KC were also carried out. Pathologic changes in the organs of animals injected with 7-KC were few. In one animal exposed to the higher concentration of 7-KC, some granulomatous angiitis in the lung was noticed. Changes in the liver were not significantly different from those observed in the control animals. Inhibition of arterial flux of cholesterol (inhibition of 55%) was noticed with high and low doses of the oxidized sterol. The disappearance curves of [14C]cholesterol in blood and plasma were characteristic of a 2-compartment model. The rate constant determining tissue uptake of 7-KC was higher than tissue efflux and there was no appreciable reflux into red cells. The results indicate that it is possible to reduce cholesterol flux in the arterial wall of rabbits without causing major toxic changes and that both red cells and tissue act as a reservoir for the oxygenated sterol. PMID- 7370083 TI - Increased vascular collagen and elastin synthesis in experimental atherosclerosis in the rabbit. Variation in synthesis among major vessels. AB - Collagen and elastin synthesis was determined in 5 regions of the vascular system in rabbits on (a) normal diet and (b) atherogenic diet. Increased connective tissue synthesis was found in 3 different sections of the aorta and in the pulmonary artery of rabbits on the atherogenic diet. The inferior vena cava showed no difference between the two groups. Regional variation in connective tissue synthesis was found in both normal and atherosclerotic animals, the vessels associated with the greatest degree of pulsatile distention in vivo having the greatest synthesis and the inferior vena cava, a low pressure, low distention vessel having the lowest synthesis. It is concluded that the atherogenic process includes stimulation of collagen and elastin synthesis. It is suggested that in addition to the effect of pressure on connective tissue synthesis, pulsatile distention may be a factor in synthesis and may be related to lesion formation. PMID- 7370084 TI - Incidence, topography and light-microscopic feature of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in adults 26--35 years old. AB - Coronary atherosclerotic plaques have been found in 42% of adults 26--30 years old and in 58% of adults 31--35 years old. The incidence in these two age-groups of one, two and three vessel involvement is presented, as well as the age-related topography and prevalent histologic type of coronary atherosclerotic plaques. In 26--35 year-old adults, the coronary atherosclerotic plaques appeared non complicated by thrombosis and/or hemorrhage and narrowed the lumen of undistended vessels up to 75%. The period of life from 26 to 35 years included the critical time for a massive necrosis of certain areas of the thickened intimas, as well as of preexisting and newly formed plaques; consequently, atheroma became prevalent over other atherosclerotic lesions. Necrosis did not result from a break up of lipid-filled and foam cells, its main pathogenetic mechanism being a complex hydrolysis involving progressively the components of the ground substance, fibers and cells. PMID- 7370085 TI - Sex hormone levels in younger male stroke survivors. AB - Increased plasma oestrogen levels have been reported in men with myocardial infarction. To establish whether similar findings occur in stroke, plasma oestradiol and testosterone levels were measured in 26 male survivors of stroke and 27 healthy male controls. There was no difference in oestradiol or testosterone levels between the two groups and the oestradiol : testosterone ratio was also identical. The result of this study does not support the suggestion that hyperoestrogenaemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis in general. PMID- 7370086 TI - Apolipoprotein CII and lipoprotein lipase in human nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7370087 TI - The effect of delipidated high density lipoprotein on human leukocyte sterol synthesis. AB - Sterol synthesis is increased when whole human serum is added to leukocytes in buffer. Addition to the buffer of an equivalent amount of serum from which lipid has been extracted by organic solvent leads to a greater increase in synthesis. The addition of whole high density lipoprotein to buffer has little effect on sterol synthesis whereas addition of delipidated high density lipoprotein stimulates sterol synthesis. Delipidated high density lipoprotein may be responsible for the stimulation of sterol synthesis by delipidated serum. PMID- 7370088 TI - Acute cardiovascular reactions after cigarette smoking. AB - The effect of cigarette smoking on the cardiovascular system was determined in the following way: Two cigarettes of relatively high (1.54 mg) and very low (0.08 mg) nicotine content were smoked and compared to sham smoking. After inhalation under standardized conditions there was a relatively high increase of the plasma nicotine levels and a subsequent exponential decrease. Two hours after smoking the levels were still elevated. After 2 low nicotine cigarettes there was a significant small short-term increase. The changes of the pulse rate were directly related to the nicotine levels and the pulse pressure transit time from the heart to the calf and the digital blood flow was indirectly related to them. The regulation of these parameters is exactly related with the nicotine levels probably through the release of catecholamines. The cardiovascular reactions after smoking may indicate the additional myocardial work load after cigarettes of different nicotine content. PMID- 7370091 TI - Cost containment in emergency medicine. AB - High-cost laboratory tests, roentgenograms, medications, and supplies were the focus of a voluntary cost-containment effort initiated in a community hospital emergency department. The department microcomputer determined that 100 of 1,560 possible chargeable items were responsible for 90.9% of the total cost to patients. Emphasis on cost containment in general and specific emphasis on the 100 high-cost items resulted in a 10.2% reduction in laboratory and radiology charges and a 3.3% total savings to patients. PMID- 7370090 TI - FDA considers a first: approval of drug for inhibiting preterm labor. PMID- 7370089 TI - Effects of rat adrenal homogenate on induction of atherosclerosis in cholesterol fed rabbits. AB - Virgin male Sprague-Dawley rats are resistant to atheroma formation. An adrenal homogenate from such rats delayed the increase in serum cholesterol concentrations in cholesterol-fed New Zealand white rabbits. More importantly, aortic atherosclerosis was markedly reduced when compared to a similar population fed cholesterol without adrenal homogenate for 14 weeks. The nature of the active constituent in this homogenate and its mode of action are unknown. PMID- 7370092 TI - Spinal cord involvement in acute bacterial meningitis. AB - A 25-month-old boy had the development of respiratory arrest and quadriplegia with a T-10 sensory level during the acute phase of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. The sequelae of spinal cord involvement of bacterial meningitis are reviewed. A possible mechanism of the spinal cord involvement in this case is discussed with reference to known pathology of H influenzae meningitis. PMID- 7370093 TI - Fund raising for veterinary education. PMID- 7370094 TI - Alcohol and malnutrition in the pathogenesis of experimental alcoholic cardiomyopathy. AB - In this study, the morphology and the catecholamine levels of the myocardium in both well-nourished and malnourished alcohol-fed rats were examined. Alcohol has been administered to rats for 16 weeks. Rats fed a diet containing alcohol corresponding to 40 per cent. of total calorific intake and inadequate amounts of calories and nutrients developed morphological changes in the heart, while the controls did not. In addition, an increase in cardiac noradrenaline concentration and heart: body weight ratio could be observed. There were no differences in myocardial morphology and catecholamine concentration between well-nourished rats fed alcohol as 35 per cent. of the calorific intake and pair-fed controls. A dispute exists about whether alcohol is directly toxic to the heart or indirectly injurious due to associated dietary deficiency. The present results, taken together, make the theory of cardiotoxicity of alcohol an unlikely one, at least in the case of the rat; and they offer considerable support for the hypothesis that the association between chronic consumption of alcoholic beverages and cardiomyopathy is a result of a primary multifactorial nutritional deficiency, resulting from displacement of nutrient-associated calories by the "empty" calories--devoid of protein, vitamins, and minerals--of alcohol, and/or a secondary nutritional deficiency due to injurious effects of alcohol on the liver, pancreas and intestine. It is suggested that continued exposure to high levels of catecholamine, directly related to malnutrition, may play a role in the development of myocardial pathology. PMID- 7370095 TI - Salivary ethanol. PMID- 7370096 TI - Some factors influencing serum lipid levels in a working population. AB - Life-style variables (perceived fitness, excess body mass, percent fat, lean mass, predicted maximum oxygen intake, cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, use of contraceptive medication) have been related to the lipid profile (serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol) in a sizeable volunteer population of Toronto office-workers. Multivariate analysis demonstrates an independent positive association of age with total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and (in women only) a weak negative association with triglycerides. Much of the fitness effect is related to body fat, which is positively correlated with triglycerides and (in the men only) with total and LDL cholesterol, but is negatively related to HDL cholesterol. However, maximum oxygen intake per unit of body mass shows a small independent association with triglycerides, total cholesterol (women only) and LDL cholesterol. Cigarette smoking bears an independent relationship to triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and (in women only) LDL cholesterol. Alcohol consumption is independently related to high values for total and LDL cholesterol, but is also related to high HDL cholesterol readings. While multivariate analysis allows for the inter relationship of smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and the various fitness measurements, it cannot prove cause and effect. Nevertheless, the potential improvement of lipid profile associated with (i) abstinence from cigarettes, (ii) a 4% reduction of body fat, and (iii) avoidance of contraceptive medication is sufficient to warrant experimental trial of such a change in life-style. PMID- 7370097 TI - Histochemical observations on cholinesterase activities in the brains of elderly normal and demented (Alzheimer-type) patients. AB - The extent and distribution of acetylcholinesterase staining in the hippocampus has been compared in normal elderly cases and patients with Alzheimer's disease. In both groups some senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles stain positively with acetylcholinesterase and in Alzheimer's disease there is a reduction in acetylcholinesterase staining of nerve processes. The positive staining of processes in senile plaques suggests that they are, at least partly, derived from cholinergic, axonal fibres and the decrease in acetylcholinesterase staining of nerve processes may indicate a diminution in cholinergic, afferent input fibres to the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 7370099 TI - The collection of data on hospital patients -- the Massachusetts Health Data Consortium approach. PMID- 7370098 TI - Trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma evansi (Steel, 1885) Balbiani, 1888. A review of recent research. PMID- 7370101 TI - Familial subtypes of depression: a clinical view. AB - The clinical workup of 238 unipolar depressives were subdivided according to immediate family history. Pure depressives (with only depression in the family) typically have an illness involving more endogenous features and chronicity. Depression spectrum patients (with only alcoholism or sociopathy in first-degree relatives) have the mildest illness. Sporadic depression (with a negative family history) is associated with an intermediate severity. Premorbid unstable personality characteristics are more common to the spectrum patients. Sporadic patients have the least personality difficulties. While these differences are definite, they are not large enough to justify separation of unipolar depression into subsyndromes dependent on symptom differences. Rather, family history seems to exert its effect most strongly on the distinctive premorbid personality characteristics of the 3 groups. PMID- 7370100 TI - [First report of experiences with interstitial radiation therapy of the prostatic carcinoma using 125-I-seeds: indication, practical performance and radioprotection (author's transl)]. AB - The practical and organizing performance of interstitial radiation therapy with 125-I-seeds in prostatic carcinoma is reported. Precautions and measurements for radioprotection are emphasized. First evaluations of these measurements show that this therapeutical technique can be performed in complete accordance with the directive for radioprotection. The computer-assisted isodose-planning and the in vivo-measurements in the rectum, urethra and bladder confirm the steep decrease of the dose outside the irradiated focal volume. Hence, inflammatory symptoms accompanying the therapy are markedly allayed in comparison with percutaneous radiation therapy, in spite of a higher tumor dose. Because of the extensive operation, attention must be paid to the strict observation of indication criteria. PMID- 7370102 TI - Protein and enzyme polymorphisms in affective disorders in Northern Greece. AB - The phenotypes and gene frequencies of eight enzyme and three protein systems were electrophoretically determined in 225 patients with affective disorders, 95 of which were suffering from schizophrenia. In five polymorphic systems studied, no significant differences were found between the gene frequencies of the total sample and the normal controls and between the schizophrenic group and either the total sample or the controls. PMID- 7370103 TI - Psychiatric illness in drug abusers. PMID- 7370105 TI - Pulmonary macrophages: when do they prevent and when do they cause COPD? PMID- 7370106 TI - [Vulvar elephantiasis in a patient with genital infantilism]. PMID- 7370104 TI - Topography of rhodopsin in rod outer segment disk membranes. Photochemical labeling with N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonate. AB - Rod cell disk membranes have been photochemically reacted with the water-soluble, membrane-impermeable nitrene precursor N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)-2-aminoethane sulfonate [NAP-taurine, NAPT]. Rhodopsin, minor membrane proteins, and lipids all incorporate the (nitrophenyl)[35S]taurine (NPT) label. We also find that rhodopsin may be labeled in the dark using prephotolyzed NAPT. This reaction is presumably due to long-lived photoproducts of NAPT. NAPT modifies rhodopsin in the membrane in a selective manner; some cyanogen bromide peptides of NPT rhodopsin contain appreciable NPT label and some contain essentially none. Precise specific radioactivities could not be determined for the [35S]NPT peptides since loss of label from some of the peptides was observed during purification procedures. Rhodopsin's carboxyl-terminal cyanogen bromide peptides are well labeled when the protein is modified in disk membranes but the amino terminal peptide is poorly labeled. When rhodopsin is labeled in reconstituted membranes in which both surfaces of rhodopsin are accessible to reagent, labeling of rhodopsin's amino-terminal peptide is enhanced. These results are consistent with a model in which rhodopsin's carboxyl-terminal region is located at the cytoplasmic (external) surface of disk membranes and its amino terminus is located at the intradiskal membrane surface. PMID- 7370107 TI - Pathologic quiz, case 1. Ceruminous adenoma (ceruminoma). PMID- 7370108 TI - [Pigment in the neurons of some encephalic nuclei in Bos taurus]. AB - Pigment granules without the properties of melanin are present in neurons of several districts (Nucleus ruber, Locus coeruleus, Ala cinerea) in the C.N.S. in Bos Taurus. The distinctive features of this pigment are autofluorescence, specifity of staining with Oil red O, Sudan Black and a strong P.A.S. positivity. The early pigment granules appear about at the end of the first year of life, their amount increases with age. The most rich pigment neurons are in the Nucleus ruber; in the neurons of the Substantia nigra, the pigment is very scanty also in the very old animals. PMID- 7370109 TI - [Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in intravenous administration is not present in the bursal lumen after interruption of the connection between the bursa and cloaca]. AB - A surgical technique, which we recently described, was used to interrupt the anatomical connection between the bursa of Fabricius and the cloaca. This was done in order to ascertain whether H.R.P. e.v. injected into the wing vein might reach the bursal lumen through the follicle associated epithelial cells, as suggested by Bockman and Stevens, or to establish whether, on the contrary, the way used by H.R.P. to gain access to the bursal lumen might be another:e.v. injected H.R.P. may be excreted by the chicken kidneys, as we demonstrated, then it may pass into the bursal lumen through the cloaca thanks to the duct connecting the two organs. In the present paper we show that the interruption of this connection prevents e.v. injected H.R.P. from gaining access to the bursal lumen. PMID- 7370110 TI - A further contribution to the development of the aortopulmonary septum in rabbit embryos. AB - In rabbit embryos, the bulbar spiral endocardial ridges A-1 and B-3 develop by the moulding action of the intraheart bloodstreams ininterruptedly from the ventricular extremity to the IV and VI branchial arterial arches. Cellular basophilia is stronger where the endothelium cells and the endocardial cushion tissue cells proliferate actively and, therefore, the bulbar spiral endocardial ridges fuse and form the aortopulmonary septum. PMID- 7370112 TI - [Ethanol, in low doses, increases the biliary excretion of bilirubin in isolated and perfused rat liver]. PMID- 7370111 TI - The problem of negative results for styrene in the in vitro mutagenesis test with metabolic activation (microsomal assay):explanation by gas chromatographic analysis. AB - Mutagenic experiments in vitro were performed on yeast (S. pombe) with styrene with metabolic activation by adding at fixed times fresh mouse microsomes to the incubation mixture. Preceding studies with a single initial addition of microsomes were negative up to the maximal dose of 100 mM styrene for 60 min (5). The addition of fresh microsomes at the times 12, 24, 36 and 48 min in the presence of EDTA 40 mM resulted in an increased toxicity of styrene in vitro, but not in increased mutagenicity. Gas chromatographic determination of styrene oxide in the incubation mixture with 50 mM styrene revealed a concentration of active metabolite not capable of acting mutagenically. PMID- 7370113 TI - [Evaluation of the stretch of the bladder wall during filling]. PMID- 7370114 TI - [Preliminary data on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin in pregnancy]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of digoxin were investigated in 8 pregnant women (2-3 months before delivery), in three women 3 months after delivery, and in 3 non-pregnant women, after i.v. injection of 500 microgram. Digoxin was evaluated in serum with the radioimmunoassay method. In pregnant women C1 (concentration of digoxin in the first compartment) and V1 (volume of the first compartment) were higher and C2, K1-2, K2-1 (exchange constants) and Kel (elimination constant) were all lower than the values obtained in both post-partum and non-pregnant women. Our data lead us to think that the exchange (both uptake and release) between the first and second compartment is lowered in pregnancy. PMID- 7370115 TI - [S-adenosyl(5')-3-methylthiopropylamine as substrate and inhibitor of S adenosylmethionine lyase from rat liver]. AB - The present paper reports the study on a lyase in rat liver which decomposes S adenosylmethionine into 5'-methylthioadenosine and alpha-amino-gamma butyrolactone. The partial purification of this enzyme and some of its properties are discussed. S-adenosyl(5')-3-methylthiopropylamine, the decarboxylated analog of AdoMet, exerts a non-competitive inhibition of the enzyme whereas is inactive as substrate. The reported results demonstrate the relevance of the carboxyl group of AdoMet for the mechanism of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the sulfonium compound. PMID- 7370116 TI - [A new method for determination of adenosylmethionine, adenosyl-homocysteine and decarboxylated adenosylmethionine]. AB - A rapid, sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous separation of natural adenosyl sulfur compounds has been developed. The method can be applied to biological samples for the estimation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and S-adenosyl-(5')-3 methylthiopropylamine. PMID- 7370117 TI - [Localization and individualization of abnormal carbonates in the valve of Mytilus galloprovincialis]. AB - The cristallographic analysis of the valve of Mytilus galloprovincialis using the scansion microscopy method shows probable inclusions of Cd and Zn in the carbonate calcite layer and probable inclusions of Pb in carbonate aragonite layer. This confirms the supposition of a substitution of Ca ions from heavy metals investigated and the formation of the respective carbonates that precipitate together with calcium carbonate in the process of growth of the valve of the mollusc examined. PMID- 7370118 TI - [Collagen fiber orientation in the tunica media of the aorta as a function of intraluminal pressure]. AB - X-ray diffraction investigation and hystological analysis have been carried out on segments of pig's aortic media layer under different values of distending pressure. The roentgenografic study shows that collagen fibers aligne themselves along the circumferential direction of the vessel as a function of the intraluminal pressure and are completely oriented at systolic pressure. Hystological analysis reveales that the smooth cells orientation, as a function of intraluminal pressure, is very close to that of collagen fibers. PMID- 7370120 TI - [Dopamine and renal homeostatic control of osmolarity and extracellular fluid volume in initial conditions of hydro-saline depletion and retention. I. Renal functional parameters]. AB - Renal effects of dopamine (DA) infusion (0,1 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) in healthy human subject are strongly dependent on the basal condition of the extra-cellular fluid volume. The renal vasodilation and the inhibition of isosmotic sodium reabsorption (as % of sodium filtered load) induced by DA in hydro-saline retention are highly blunted in hydro-saline depletion. Moreover the inhibitory effect on anisosmotic sodium reabsorption (as % of sodium distal load), observed in hydro-saline retention, is reversed in hydro-saline depletion. Thus, DA is likely to behave as a sodium excretion regulator. PMID- 7370119 TI - [Roentgenographic study of the structural organization of the collagen fibers in the tunica media of the aorta]. AB - X-ray diffraction tecnique was used to investigate the distribution and orientation of collagen fibers in media layer of pig aortic wall as a function of mechanical deformation. Hyistological analyses were carried out to study the behavior of smooth cells when mechanical deformation is applied to media layer. The results show a close relationship between collagen fibers and smooth cells orientation. PMID- 7370121 TI - [Dopamine and renal homeostatic control of osmolarity and extracellular fluid volume in initial conditions of hydro-saline depletion and retention. II. Relationship between the renal functional parameters]. AB - In hydro-saline depletion dopamine (DA) infusion (0,1 microgram.kg-1.min-1) elicits different renal effects than it does in hydro-saline retention. It is suggested that in hydro-saline depletion DA activates, besides vasal DA receptors, also vasal and tubular adrenergic receptors. Such adrenergic activation, either direct or presynaptically mediated, can account for both the decrease in the hyperemic response and the increase in the anisosmotic sodium reabsorption. PMID- 7370122 TI - [Sulpiride and renal action of dopamine in hydro-saline depletion in humans]. AB - The effect of sulpiride (racemic form) pretreatment on renal action of dopamine (DA) has been investigated in 8 hydro-saline depleted human subjects. Two studies were carried out in the presence and in the absence of sulpiride, respectively. DA was infused in a subpressor dose (0,1 microgram.kg-1 . min-1) during induced hypotonic polyuria. The experimental results suggest that tubular DA effects are enhanced whilst glomerular DA effects are reversed by the presence of sulpiride. PMID- 7370123 TI - [Correlation between occurrences of spontaneous K-complex and the two physiological rhythms of cardiac and respiratory cycles (author's transl)]. AB - For this study, spontaneous K-complex (spo-K) during slow wave sleep (stage 2) were observed on eleven normal subjects ranged for 17 to 37 years of age. And the cardiac and respiratory cycles of two physiological rhythms were simultaneously recorded with EEG to investigate the occurrences of spo-K. 1) The spo-K occurrences time-locked to EKG-R waves during both inspiration and expiration were found to have triple peak latencies of distribution such as 200--300, 400- 600 and 800--900 msec. respectively (analytic time: 1000 msec.). 2) As above mentioned, these triple peak latencies of spo-K were corresponded respectively with those of computer-averaged cortical potentials time-locked to EKG-R waves such as Nw, Nx and Ny which were simultaneously recorded. 3) The types of spo-K were divided into three groups such as A, B and C types. A and B of spo-K were attributed to interaction of cardiovascular and respiratory afferent impulses respectively. Otherwise, C type of spo-K was attributed to other unknown visceral afferent impulses or unknown brain mechanism. 4) Spo-K appeared during sleep corresponding with both hiccup and EKG in a 28-year-old epileptic patient with hiccup. In our studies, we made special attention of cardiorespiratory nervous system aimed at the genesis of spo-K occurrences. PMID- 7370124 TI - [The cerebral slow potential changes caused by flash stimulation with special reference to photically evoked EEG response (author's transl)]. PMID- 7370125 TI - [Experimental studies of the effect of intracerebral hematoma on cerebral circulation and metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7370126 TI - [Cerebral vasospasm (experimental study) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7370127 TI - [An experimental study on correlation between intracranial P/V curves and changes in cerebral blood flow (author's transl)]. PMID- 7370128 TI - [Auditory evoked brain-stem response (BSR) in locked-in syndrome--an autopsy case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7370129 TI - [Production of various cerebral infarction models in the dog by means of occlusion of intracranial trunk arteries (author's transl)]. AB - Knowing that, by use of a surgical microscope and a unilateral temporal approach, all of the bilateral trunk arteries at the base of the skull in dogs can be identified and treated, we succeeded in producing various infarction models by means of simultaneously occluding the vessels in various combinations. These infarction models include: unilateral or bilateral complete cerebral hemisphere infarction models, a unilateral hemispheric and contralateral cerebral mantle infarction model, a unilateral thalamic and contralateral cerebral mantle infarction model, etc. In the anterior thalamic infarction model, the severity of infarction foci can be regulated by the time of vessel occlusion, and chronic experiments achieved. In the other infarction models, however, severe edema is seen following recirculation after more than one hour occlusion, making them unsuitable as models for chronic infarction. Nontheless, it is thought that such models have great value as models of brain edema and these various models for cerebral infarction in the dog will prove valuable in clarifying many of the outstanding problems with regard to the basic science of the cerebral hemispheres. PMID- 7370130 TI - [The influence on visual and auditory evoked response by amygdaloid kindling in cats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7370131 TI - [Canine basilar artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7370132 TI - [A histochemical study on the innervation of cerebral blood vessels in the dog- with special regard to the cholinergic nerves (author's transl)]. PMID- 7370133 TI - [Changes of tissue pH in dog brain during ischemia--alkaline shift (author's transl)]. AB - Brain pH changes during ischemia were observed by the newly established histochemical technique in Dr. Kogure's laboratory (Miami). The technique utilizes intravascular injection of neutral red as a pH indicator. Its use is based on the fact that neutral red is red in acid and yellow in alkaline pH. Thalamic infarction model in dogs was used in this experiment. The methods of producing this model by temporary occlusions of brain arteries have been published elsewhere. The animals were anesthetized with sodium thiopental, immobilized with pancronium bromide, and artificially ventilated with room air. Blood gases and blood pH were adjusted to normal. Before the experimental procedure, 3 ml/kg of a 5% saline suspension of neutral red was injected slowly into the femoral artery. After occlusions of cerebral arteries, the brain was frozen in situ by pouring liquid nitrogen into the bottomless cup. The frozen brain was mounted on a cryostat at -20 degrees C and sliced coronally in 10 micron thickness. Color differences in the serial sliced brain surface were observed. No change in the color was observed in the sham operated brains. Thirty minutes following occlusion, the color of the thalamus is reddish, and it was estimated that this area became acidotic. 1 hour following occlusion, too, the thalamus is acidotic. But 2 hour following occlusion, the color of the thalamus became yellowish, indicative of alkaline shift. From this experimental results, it is considered that the pH of ischemic brain changes dynamically, that is, ischemic brain becomes acidotic in the early stage of ischemia but with the lapse of time alkaline shift occurs. PMID- 7370135 TI - [A case of nonketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemia following intravenous administration of glycerol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7370134 TI - [Histochemical studies on the uptake of exogenous monoamines and their precursors in the rat brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7370136 TI - [Intracranial self-stimulation of the nucleus accumbens of the rat and its associated behavior (author's transl)]. AB - In recent years, the nucleus accumbens (NAS) has gained prominence because of an interest in the role of catecholamine in the intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS). The NAS receives strong projections from dopamine of the ventral tegmemtal area (VTA) which form the meso-limbic dopamine pathway (A10). The major purpose of the present study was to investigate the ICSS of NAS with special emphasis on its associated behavior. The results obtained were as follows: 1. ICSS was observed in rats with electrodes in the NAS. The rate of its ICSS was 230 +/- 142/15 min. 2. Antidromic spikes (AS) in the VTA were observed with stimulation of NAS including stimulation of sites associated with ICSS. The latency of AS was 25.5 +/- 4.3 msec. (range 10.0-42.0 msec). 3. ICSS of NAS was chiefly associated with "approach-escape" behavior and/or sniffing for which its electrodes were observed to distribute on widespread scatter through NAS. The electrodes of digging and/or licking groups were localized historogically in the vicinity of the commissura anterior. PMID- 7370137 TI - [Measurement of methionine-enkephalin-like substance in CSF from normal subjects and patients with pituitary adenoma (author's transl)]. AB - Methionine-enkephalin-like substance was measured in CSF by the radioreceptor assay established by Furui et al. Samples were obtained from preoperative 20 cases, in which were included 11 cases of pituitary adenoma, 3 cases of craniopharyngioma, 2 cases of pseudtumor cerebri and 4 normal cases, by lumbar puncture. Also postoperative measurement of this substance and pre- and postoperative measurement of ACTH in plasma were performed in 5 cases of Cushing's disease. Five ml of CSF was chromatograpied on two successive columns, lyophilized and assayed for opiate receptor affinity against 3H-dihydromorphine. Measured values were expressed as methionine-enkaphalin equivalents using the displacement curve run in parellel. Methionine-enkephalin-like substance level ranged from less than 0.5 to 20.0 pmoles/ml in all cases and mean value was 2.6 pmoles/ml (+/- 1.0 S.E.) in normal subjects. In Cushing's disease the level was not elevated preoperatively (2.1 +/- 0.3) and did not significantly decrease postoperatively (1.6 +/- 0.4 pmoles/ml) in contrast to the decrease of ACTH in plasma. It is suggested that methionine-enkephalin-like substance in CSF is not derived from ACTH producing cells of pituitary gland. One case of craniopharyngioma showed very high value. This case revealed diabetes insipidus at sampling. The possibility of participation of methionine-enkephalin in secretion of antidiuretic hormone was discussed. PMID- 7370138 TI - [The association of polycystic kidneys with intracranial aneurysms (author's transl)]. AB - A 48 year-old man is presented who died of rupture of intracranial aneurysm. Autopsy findings revealed a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm associated with polycystic kidneys and polycystic liver. Epidermiological review is performed using "Annual of the Pathological Autopsy Case in Japan" (Vol. 17 20). In 92854 autopsy cases, there are 243 cases of polycystic kidney, 1542 cases of intracranial aneurysm and 10 cases of association with both of them. Several points come clear from comparing our data with foreign ones, as follows; 1) The frequency of polycystic kidney (0.25%) is almost the same between Japan and foreign country. 2) The frequency of intracranial aneurysm (1.6%) is higher in Japan. 3) The frequency of association with both (0.01%) is lower in Japan. 4) The frequency of intracranial aneurysm appears to be higher in cases suffered from polycystic kidney than in others. We suspected that cerebral aneurysm formation is caused by hypertension due to polycystic kidney, although in many reports, the association of polycystic kidney and cerebral aneurysm is explained to be maldevelopment. The operation of cerebral aneurysm with polycystic kidney is the same as that without polycystic kidney. But the control of hypertension and renal function is necessary during and after operation. PMID- 7370139 TI - [Neurochemical findings of hemispherectomized rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7370140 TI - Observations on extradural morphine analgesia in various pain conditions. AB - We report the extradural administration of low-dose morphine in 10 ml of 10% dextrose (2-3 mg) to 98 adult patients with various types of acute and chronic pain. Extradural morphine injections were given either via a Tuohy needle (single or repeat injection) or via an extradural catheter. Pain relief was evaluated by subjective scoring and by the subsequent need for systemic analgesics. In 56% of patients, pain relief was considered good or excellent, in 24% it was fair, and in 20%, poor. The best results were after surgery and trauma and in patients with advanced peripheral vascular disease. The analgesia of each dose of extradural morphine lasted for 8 h (mean range 4-36 h). There was no motor, sensory or sympathetic blockade and no respiratory or haemodynamic complications. Dizziness and vomiting occurred in two patients, and urinary retention for about 12 h in three. PMID- 7370141 TI - Posterior intercostal nerve block for pain relief after cholecystectomy. Anatomical basis and efficacy. AB - The human intercostal space has been studied by excision of the posterior part of the rib cage at autopsy, followed by fixation, decalcification, section and staining. Injection of India ink was used to simulate local anaesthetic. At a point 7 cm from the midline, the distance from the posterior aspect of the rib to the pleura averaged 8 mm. The intercostal nerve usually comprises a number of small bundles without any enclosing fascial sheath. The bundles lie in a triangular space bounded by the rib, the posterior intercostal membrane and the intercostalis intima muscle. The first two appear impervious to the spread of an injected solution, but the last permits spread of the injection round the internal aspect of the rib to gain access to the intercostal spaces above and below that into which the injection has been made. An injection of 3 ml will also spread medially to enter the paravertebral space and surround the sympathetic chain. A small clinical study gave excellent analgesia after operation for a mean duration of 12.3 h following unilateral intercostal block with 3 ml of bupivacaine 0.5% (with adrenaline) into each of the intercostal spaces T5-11, before cholecystectomy through a subcostal incision. There were no complications in the series. PMID- 7370143 TI - Behaviour of unsedated children in the anaesthetic room. AB - The behaviour of 344 unsedated children in the anaesthetic room was assessed using a method similar to that described by Doughty (1959). The influence of the experience of the anaesthetist was found to be unimportant. The influence of the child's age was studied; children aged 7 yr and more behaved in a more satisfactory manner. The frequency of satisfactory behaviour compared favourably with that in published trials of sedative premedication which have used this method of assessment. The results support the view that the inclusion of unsedated children in such behavioural studies is essential. PMID- 7370142 TI - Constrictive effect of pancuronium on capacitance vessels. AB - The effects of pancuronium 0.08 mg kg-1, metocurine 0.4 mg kg-1 and tubocurarine 0.4 mg kg-1 on vascular tone were studied in 26 patients undergoing open heart surgery during total cardiopulmonary bypass. With a fixed rate of perfusion, arterial pressure is related directly to total peripheral resistance, while the volume of blood remaining in the extracorporeal reservoir is related inversely to vascular capacity, which depends primarily on venous tone. Pancuronium increased the reservoir volume (average of 780 +/- SEM 250 ml (P less than 0.01). We conclude that under certain circumstances pancuronium constricts capacitance vessels in man. PMID- 7370144 TI - Comparative study of atropine and glycopyrrolate on suxamethonium-induced changes in cardiac rate and rhythm. AB - The effectiveness of atropine and glycopyrrolate in the prophylaxis of suxamethonium-induced bradycardia was evaluated in a double-blind study of 56 patients. Three had clinically demonstrable bradycardia, all having received atropine. We conclude that glycopyrrolate offered adequate protection against cardiac effects of repeated doses of suxamethonium. PMID- 7370145 TI - A double-blind comparison of meptazinol with pethidine in postoperative pain. AB - Three groups each of 24 patients who had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy were studied on the 1st day after operation. Under double-blind conditions, group 1 compared meptazinol 60 mg with pethidine 100 mg, group 2, meptazinol 75 mg with pethidine 100 mg and group 3, meptazinol 100 mg with pethidine 100 mg. The drugs were given i.m. Analgesic activity was assessed by patients rating their pain before and 1 h after the administration of each treatment and by patient and investigator preference for treatment. From the pain relief score, pethidine was not significantly better than any dose of meptazinol in relieving pain. Patients preferred pethidine 100 mg to meptazinol 60 mg (P less than 0.01, McNemar's test), but there was no significant difference between meptazinol and pethidine for observer or patient preference when the dose of meptazinol was increased to 75 mg or 100 mg. PMID- 7370146 TI - Fine screen filtration of banked blood: effect on red cell survival. AB - Two fine screen mesh microfilters and the Baxter blood administration set commonly used in U.K. hospitals were compared for their effect on the red cell survival of transfused stored autologous blood in six healthy males. The effect of the filtered transfusions on pulmonary gas exchange and on blood coagulation was measured. No significant difference was found between either microfileter and the Baxter giving-set for the red cell survival of transfused blood. Pulmonary gas exchange and coagulation were unaffected by transfusion of one unit of whole blood. Post-transfusion bilirubin concentrations were significantly less with one of the microfilters compared with the Baxter giving-set, possibly because of trapping of effete red cells within the filter. An unsuspected finding was the effect of transfusion in increasing the peripheral blood neutrophil count. PMID- 7370147 TI - Inhibition of neuronal uptake of noradrenaline in the isolated perfused rat heart by pancuronium and its homologues, Org. 6368, Org. 7268 and NC 45. AB - The cardiovascular effects of pancuronium may be caused partly by an interaction of this drug with the sympathetic nervous system. We examined one possible mechanism of interaction, the effect on the re-uptake processes for noradrenaline. Pancuronium and its closely related steroidal homologues, Org. 6368, Org. 7268 and NC 45, were studied at a high concentration (500 mumol litre 1) for inhibition of the uptake of tritiated noradrenaline into neuronal sites (Uptake1) and extraneuronal sites (Uptake2) in the isolated perfused rat heart. All drugs tested caused almost total inhibition of Uptake1. The bis-quaternary steroids pancuronium and Org. 6368 were selective for Uptake1 inhibition, the mono-quaternary steriods Org. 7268 and NC45 also produced significant inhibition of Uptake2. Uptake1 inhibition was investigated in detail using lesser concentrations of the compounds. All four steroids were found to cause a concentration-dependent inhibition of Uptake1. It seems likely, therefore, that inhibition of neuronal uptake of noradrenaline plays a significant role in the aetiology of the chronotropic actions of pancuronium in the rat. PMID- 7370148 TI - Effects of temperature, adenosine triphosphate and magnesium concentrations on the contraction of actomyosin isolated from halothane-sensitive and -insensitive German Landrace pigs. AB - The effects of temperature, adenosine triphosphate and magnesium on the calcium sensitivity of actomyosin were investigated on actomyosin obtained from six halothane-sensitive and five halothane-resistant German Landrace pigs. No difference in the contractile properties was found in actomyosin from the two types of pig. However, in both types calcium sensitivity of the actomyosin was lost at temperatures slightly greater than those occurring physiologically. Both ATP and Mg2+ protect against the loss of calcium sensitivity. These results suggest that the basic lesion in halothane-induced malignant hyperthermia does not lie in the contractile proteins. It is likely, however, that the decreases in intracellular ATP and Mg2+ concentrations which occur in pigs during malignant hyperthermia, contribute to the development of the syndrome. PMID- 7370149 TI - Time-course of formation of volatile reductive metabolites of halothane in humans and an animal model. AB - The time-course of the formation of 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (CTF) and 2 chloro-1-1-difluoroethylene (CDF), two recently identified volatile reductive metabolites of halothane, has been studied in four patients receiving 1% halothane with 99% oxygen. The concentrations of CTF and CDF in end-expired breath increased with time and reached a plateau after approximately 60 min from commencing administration. A similar time-course and plateau was seen when Fischer 344 rats were anaesthetized with halothane 1% in oxygen. However, there was an eight-fold and 12-fold increase in CTF and CDF concentrations respectively when halothane 1% was administered under conditions of mild hypoxia (oxygen 14% inspired) to rats pretreated with phenobarbitone (this results in a marked increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and necrotic damage in the vicinity of the central veins of the liver). It is suggested that breath concentrations of CDF and CTF provide a sensitive method of monitoring the reductive metabolism of halothane. PMID- 7370150 TI - Circulatory responses of the dog to acute isovolumic anaemia in the presence of high-grade adrenergic beta-receptor blockade. AB - The haemodynamic responses to isovolumic anaemia (dextran-for-blood exchange) were studied in seven dogs pretreated with propranolol 20 mg/kg body weight for 3 weeks. Adrenergic beta-receptor blockade did not prevent significant increases in heart rate (up to 19%). Cardiac output increased by about 20% while systemic vascular resistance decreased by the same proportion. Oxygen extraction increased from 24% to 35% and this was reflected by a decrease in mixed venous PO2 by 1.2 kPa. The modest hyperdynamic response of the circulation to haemodilution in the presence of high-grade adrenergic beta-receptor blockade is in sharp contrast with the large hyperdynamic response that has been reported in its absence and indicates that normal compensatory mechanisms are considerably impaired. PMID- 7370151 TI - Effect of anaesthesia with nitrous oxide in oxygen and fentanyl on renal function in the artificially ventilated dog. AB - The effect on renal function of a large dose (25 micrograms kg-1) of fentanyl was investigated in 10 labrador dogs. The animals were anaesthetized with nitrous oxide in oxygen and a small supplement of fentanyl 0.4 microgram min-1 throughout the experiment, and muscular relaxation was provided by alcuronium, pulmonary ventilation being controlled. In the initial phase of each experiment, estimated renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, urine volume, mean arterial pressure and renal vascular resistance were measured at 30-min intervals, three sets of samples being taken. Then the large dose of fentanyl was given over a 10 min period and the measurements were repeated at 30-min intervals for 90 min. Changes in renal function lasted for about 90 min; there was a significant decrease in estimated renal plasma flow (P less than 0.01), glomerular filtration rate (P less than 0.001), urine volume (P less than 0.01) and mean arterial pressure (P less than 0.001) together with an increase in renal vascular resistance (0.05 greater than P greater than 0.02). These changes were accompanied by bradycardia, but were still present when atropine was given. PMID- 7370152 TI - Anaphylactoid type adverse responses. PMID- 7370153 TI - Equations. PMID- 7370155 TI - Analgesic action of extradural fentanyl. PMID- 7370154 TI - Enfluratec vaporizer. PMID- 7370157 TI - Pancuronium plasma clearance and age. PMID- 7370156 TI - Metallized plastic sheeting. PMID- 7370158 TI - Morphological and immunological definition of a malignant lymphoma derived from germinal-centre cells with cleaved nuclei (centrocytes). AB - Thirteen lymphomas consisting of one particular cell type were selected from 135 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The lymphoma cells were mainly characterized by irregularly shaped nuclei and faintly stained cytoplasm. The growth pattern of the tumour was diffuse. Immunological phenotyping of suspended cells showed that the tumour cells, irrespective of whether they were isolated from lymphoma tissue or from lymphoma tissue or from peripheral blood of leukaemic cases, bore a dense layer of surface immunoglobulin, lacked cytoplasmic immunoglobulin and receptors for mouse erythrocytes, and expressed both complement-receptor subtypes (i.e., receptors for C3b and C3d) in all but one case. The exceptional case was C3b receptor-positive and C3d receptor-negative. The number of IgG-Fc receptor bearing cells was usually small. There was a consistently small proportion of non malignant T cells in the tumour tissue. A comparison of the properties of these lymphomas with those of other types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and of non malignant lymphoid cells, shows that the cells of this type of lymphoma (a) differ morphologically and/or immunologically from the cells of all other known types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and (b) resemble centrocytes (cleaved follicular centre cells) of reactive germinal centres. Thus, this type of lymphoma appears to be an entity that is closely related to, or even derived from, centrocytes. PMID- 7370159 TI - In vitro chemosensitivity tests on xenografted human melanomas. AB - An in vitro chemosensitivity test has been applied to malignant melanoma cells from 5 patients. The tumour cells were first grown as xenografts in immune suppressed mice, so that the results of the in vitro test could be compared with precise measurements of the sensitivity of the melanoma cells when exposed to chemotherapeutic drugs in vivo in the mouse. The in vitro assay involved exposing the tumour cells to each of 8 drugs, after which cell survival was determined by colony assay in soft agar. Dose-response curves were obtained and the surviving fraction at drug levels estimated to be achieved in man was used as a measure of in vitro drug sensitivity. Significant differences among the 8 drugs were detected, and these accorded with clinical experience. The correlation of in vivo (in the mouse) and in vitro sensitivities to Melphalan and MeCCNU was also significant. PMID- 7370161 TI - Pre-conception X-rays and childhood cancers. AB - An analysis of data collected during the course of the Oxford Survey of Childhood Cancer has shown that it is possible to recognize different facets of memory bias without systematic checking of individuals' records, and to make use of the biased data. The position of foetal irradiation in the aetiology of childhood cancers has been re-affirmed, but there is no support for the idea that exposure of parental gonads to diagnostic X-rays is conducive to cancer in the next generation. PMID- 7370162 TI - Association of gross virus-associated cell-surface antigen with liposomes. AB - Gross Cell-Surface Antigen (GCSAa) was obtained from W/Fu (C58NT)D lymphoma cells by Nonidet P40(NP40) or 3M KCl extraction and further purified by Sephadex G200 filtration. GCSAa was associated with lipids (dipalmitoylphosphatidycholine, cholesterol and dicetylphosphate, in molar ratios of 7:2:1) to form multilamellar liposomes. The amount of protein associated with liposomes was found to be proportional to the protein concentration of the sensitizing cellular extract and to the amount of phospholipids used and, under defined conditions, 22-55% of the protein of the cellular extract could be associated with liposomes. Analysis of disrupted sensitized liposomes showed that the GCSAa-specific activity of the liposome-associated proteins was quite similar to that of the proteins of the sensitizing cellular extract. Ultracentrifugation of disrupted liposomes showed that about 75% of the liposome-associated GCSAa activity was firmly associated with lipids and that little GCSAa was trapped within aqueous compartments between lipidic lamellae. 1.8--8.0% of the liposome-associated GCSAa was expressed at the liposome surface. No striking differences in degree of GCSAa association were found between liposomes sensitized by NP40 or by 3M KCl extracts. Storage experiments at +4 degrees C showed that GCSAa-sensitized liposomes were fairly stable. PMID- 7370163 TI - Induction of antibody response to liposome-associated Gross-virus cell-surface antigen (GCSAa). AB - The immunogenicity of a soluble fraction containing Gross-virus-associated cell surface antigen (GCSAa) obtained from (C58NT)D lymphoma cells either by detergent (NP40) solubilization or by 3M KCl extraction, was studied in syngeneic W/Fu rats. Rats immunized by 2 s.c. injections of soluble antigen or soluble antigen mixed with empty liposomes and emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) failed to produce significant levels of cytotoxic antibodies to GCSAa. On the other hand, rats similarly immunized by negatively charged liposomes containing NP40-solubilized GCSAa, and emulsified in CFA, developed high and persistent levels of cytotoxic antibodies, and their response could even mimic that induced by viable (C58NT)D cells. A similar response could also be obtained in rats immunized with liposome-associated NP40-solubilized GCSAa, but without CFA. Rats immunized by comparable amounts of liposome-assocated 3M KCl-extracted GCSAa developed only low levels of cytotoxic antibodies, and their response was of shorter duration. These results strongly suggest that inclusion into liposomes of a solubilized proteic tumour-associated cell-surface antigen can provide an immunogen as potent as viable tumour cells in inducing an antibody response, and that the solubilization method may be critical. PMID- 7370160 TI - Prostaglandin-like material extracted from squamous carcinomas of the head and neck. AB - Tumour-associated prostaglandin-like material, assessed by bioassay, has been examined in 37 patients with primary and metastatic squamous carcinomas of the head and neck, previously treated by radiotherapy and chemotherapy followed by radical surgery. High amounts of prostaglandin-like material were extracted from tumours excised within 3 months of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. These amounts correlated with necrosis, inflammation and fibrosis, but not with tumour site, size or degree of differentiation. Most of the prostaglandins formed by these treated tumours thus seem to be associated with host stromal and inflammatory cells, rather than the neoplastic cells. The possible roles of prostaglandins in facilitating the spread of squamous carcinomas are discussed. PMID- 7370164 TI - Influence of C. parvum on the effectiveness of passive serotherapy in the control of the EL4 lymphoma in C57BL/6 mice. AB - Administration of C. parvum alone did not improve the survival of C57BL/6 mice injected with the EL4 lymphoma. The anti-tumour effect of anti-EL4 Ig was however increased by C. parvum treatment, and the combination therapy of anti-EL4 Ig and cytotoxic drugs was even more improved. However, C. parvum only had this effect when given by the same i.p. route as the tumour cells, and the effect was greater when C. parvum was injected 5 days before than 1 day after tumour cells. PMID- 7370165 TI - Inhibition of artificial lung metastases in mice by pre-irradiation of abdomen. AB - A phenomenon by which pre-irradiation of the abdomen of mice reduced the lung colony-forming efficiency of i.v.-injected tumour cells is described. The extent of lung-colony inhibition was shown to depend on both the dose and timing of abdominal irradiation. The maximum inhibitory effect was obtained when mice received 1200 rad gamma-irradiation to the abdomen 5--7 days before tumour-cell challenge, but there was no effect when abdominal irradiation was given 1 or greater than or equal to 14 days before challenge, or when radiation doses were less than 600 rad. In mice less than 3 weeks old, the effect was much less marked than in adults. The target tissue which, when irradiated, exerted the inhibitory influence on lung-colony formation was located in the ventral half of the abdomen in all 4 quadrants, and was probably gut. Radioactively labelled tumour cells were arrested normally in the lungs of irradiated mice, but were cleared more rapidly without evidence of sequestration in the irradiated gut. The most plausible mechanism seems to be that irradiation of the gut induces the production of natrual killer cells with anti-tumour activity, though this has not been conclusively established. PMID- 7370167 TI - Effect of methotrexate concentration and exposure time on mammalian cell survival in vitro. AB - Chinese hamster, HeLa and HAK cells were treated with methotrexate (MTX) to determine the dependence of its effect on drug concentration and exposure time. With a broad range of survival curves for Chinese hamster cells, cell survival is an exponential function of exposure time and a power function of drug concentration. The data allow a mathematical description to be made of the interdependence of MTX concentration and drug exposure in relation to cell survival. PMID- 7370168 TI - Induction of kidney tumours by a single dose of dimethylnitrosamine: dose response and influence of diet and benzo(a)pyrene pretreatment. AB - Seven days on a protein-free diet increases the susceptibility of rats to the action of DMN as a renal carcinogen. The dose response for the induction of kidney tumours by a single dose of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in these rats is reported. The first tumour was not found until 28 weeks after the dose. At 100 weeks the incidence ranged from 22.5% at the lowest dose (20 mg/kg) to 97% at the highest dose (60 mg/kg). The incidence in probits at any time between 50 and 100 weeks was linearly related to the log dose. Epithelial and mesenchymal tumours were produced in an approximate ratio of 2:1. The protein-free diet alters the rate of metabolism of DMN in the rat, and increases the alkylation of nucleic acids by this carcinogen in the kidney. Further treatment of the rat with benzo(a)pyrene can reverse, to some extent, the change in metabolism, but does not reverse the change in alkylation. It is shown that the change in kidney tumour incidence produced by the change in diet, and by the treatment with benzo(a)pyrene, corresponds to the changes these treatments produce in the alkylation of kidney DNA by the carcinogen. PMID- 7370169 TI - An inbred strain of rats with a high incidence of squamous-cell carcinomas of the mouth. AB - Intra-oral squamous-cell carcinomas occurred in over 50% of the HMT inbred strain of rats. In the outbred stock from which it was derived the incidence was 5% or less, both when inbreeding was begun and after the inbred strain was fully established. Various factors in food and husbandry which might have irritated the oral mucosa were investigated, but there was no signficiant evidence that they played any part in the high incidence of mouth tumours. It is concluded that there must have been an accidental selection during inbreeding in favour of rats which had an inherited tendency to develop squamous-cell carcinoma of the mouth. There are a number of similarities between the rat tumour and intra-oral squamous cell carcinoma in man and it is suggested that the rat tumour could be used as a model of the human disease. PMID- 7370166 TI - Pharmacokinetic and tumour-penetration properties of the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer desmethylmisonidazole (Ro 05-Ro-9963) in dogs. AB - The hypoxic cell radiosensitizer desmethylmisonidazole (1-(2-nitroimidazol-1-yl) 2,3-propandiol; Ro 05-9963; DEMIS) was administered to 4 dogs at doses of 50 and 200 mg/kg by both oral and i.v. routes. The resulting plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and urinary concentrations were measured by HPLC analysis; various pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained and compared with similar data for the parent compound, misonidazole (MISO), in the dog.Because of its shorter half-life (2.1 h) the total tissue exposure for DEMIS was only half that for a similar dose of MISO, whereas peak plasma concentrations were 60% higher than those for MISO. Cerebrospinal fluid penetration by DEMIS was limited because of the drug's reduced lipophilicity, and the total cerebrospinal-fluid exposure to the drug during the first 5 h after drug administration was about half that previously recorded for MISO.Urinary excretion accounted for 75% of the i.v. dose of unchanged DEMIS, whilst less than 20% of MISO is excreted via this route.DEMIS was also administered to 6 dogs bearing spontaneous tumours at a dose of 150 mg/kg i.v., and the resulting concentrations were recorded in serial biopsies over a 5h period.Mean tumour/plasma ratios ranged between 56 and 90%, and were very similar to those previously observed for MISO in canine tumours. Peak DEMIS tumour concentrations, however, occurred rapidly after dosage (15-20 min) and were as much as twice those for MISO, although they declined rapidly from their initial concentration.We conclude in the light of the reduced tissue exposure, particularly of the nervous tissue, and the improved tumour concentrations, that DEMIS may prove to be a potentially less toxic alternative to MISO. PMID- 7370171 TI - Mitochondrial alterations produced by misonidazole: a study using Amoeba proteus as a single-cell model. PMID- 7370170 TI - Phenytoin shortens the half-life of the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer misonidazole in man: implications for possible reduced toxicity. PMID- 7370172 TI - Vascular damage and delayed cell death in tumours after hyperthermia. PMID- 7370173 TI - The quantification and significance of mast cells in lesions of Behcet's disease. AB - Mast cells in the upper dermis and mucosal subepithelial layer were counted in thirty consecutive light microscopy oil-immersion fields of the following: thirty four skin and oral specimens from lesions in patients with active Behcet's disease, eight specimens of apparently uninvolved skin of the same patients, and 102 lesions of a variety of other skin diseases. The results revealed a significant increase in the number of mast cells in Behcet's lesions. Furthermore, the histamine content of five reactive lesions showed a two-fold increase compared with that in apparently uninvolved skin of patients with active Behcet's disease. It is suggested that mechanisms similar to cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity may be involved in the production of Behcet's lesions. PMID- 7370174 TI - Liver changes in porphyria cutanea tarda patients treated with chloroquine. AB - In thirty-four patients with porphyria cutanea tarda treated with small doses of chloroquine, liver biopsies were performed before and after treatment. In seventeen cases (50%) the morphological patterns before treatment corresponded to unstabilized fibrosis, while in eleven (32.4%) there were non-specific changes in the form of focal fatty change, haemosiderosis, and mild fibrosis of the portal tracts. Active chronic hepatitis was found in three patients (8.8%), and cirrhosis also in three cases. Although in all patients a clinical and metabolic remission of porphyria cutanea tarda occurred during treatment, the morphological patterns in the liver parenchyma remained on the whole unchanged. Only in five cases was there an increase in the inflammatory changes, while in two patients these changes tended to disappear. PMID- 7370175 TI - The demonstration of bacteria on and within the stratum corneum using scanning electron microscopy. AB - Using scanning electron microscopy it has been possible to demonstrate the location of bacteria on and within the stratum corneum of the human foot. Biopsies taken either by sectioning or by removing stratum corneum with cyanoacrylate ester adhesive were examined using a Jeol JSM-T20 scanning electron microscope. Bacteria could be seen easily on specimens from skin which had been occluded to increase the number of bacteria present. On the surface, bacteria were scattered widely in small colonies (usually containing less than ten bacteria). Although bacteria could be seen around the orifice of sweat ducts they did not preferentially favour these sites. Within the stratum corneum, bacteria could be found as relatively large colonies but these were usually associated with sweat ducts or the underside of the furrows in the skin surface. This study suggests that, in normal skin, bacteria are able to colonize both the surface and the depths of the stratum corneum. PMID- 7370176 TI - Unscheduled DNA synthesis in psoriatic skin after ultraviolet irradiation and the effects of a combined treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen and longwave ultraviolet radiation: a clinical study. AB - Biopsies were taken from psoriatic patients undergoing photochemotherapy and then studied by autoradiography to investigate possible unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) following 8-MOP photodamage in epidermal cels. No sparse labelling was found in seventy samples taken from twenty-four different patients during PUVA therapy, indicating a lack of UDS. In contrast, UDS was observed in three patients irradiated with an all-spectrum UV lamp, as a test for DNA damage and excision repair activity. The incorporation of 3HTdR in these keratinocytes which were not undergoing S-phase was not affected by the dose of UV-A received during different stages of PUVA treatment. The results are discussed in terms of repair of the induced photodamage at the level of DNA, and in relation to a possible risk of this treatment when it is given over a long period of time. PMID- 7370177 TI - The use of the Psorilux 3050A machine in the management of psoriasis of the hands and feet. AB - Eleven patients with severe psoriasis involving the palms and soles have been treated using a high-energy source of UV-A and UV-B with no additional topical or systemic photosensitizing drug. The results showed marginal benefit of UV-A alone over conventioonal topical tar therapy. The high energy output of the machine makes it essential that personnel supervising therapy are adequately protected. PMID- 7370178 TI - Razoxane (ICRF 159) in the treatment of psoriasis. AB - This paper describes our experience with the use of razoxane (ICRF 159), a new anti-mitotic drug, in the treatment of thirty-six patients with severe psoriasis. The drug has proven highly effective both in cutaneous and in arthropathic disease. The drug is well tolerated by patients and appears to be free of hepatotoxicity. However, it causes depression of the neutrophil leukocyte count, an effect which is entirely dose-dependent; the hazard to patients can be minimized by careful supervision of therapy. PMID- 7370179 TI - Photochemotherapy and topical nitrogen mustard in the treatment of mycosis fungoides. AB - Eight patients with mycosis fungoides limited to the skin have been treated with either topical nitrogen mustard alone or in combination with photochemotherapy. This regime does not prevent contact sensitization to nitrogen mustard but will clear sanctuary sites of disease which may develop when photochemotherapy is used alone. PMID- 7370180 TI - Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli. Case reports. AB - Erythromelanosis follicularis of the face and neck has seldom been described in the literature. It is a condition of unknown aetiology. The clinical features are reddish-brown pigmentation, telangiectatic vessels, and pale follicular papules localized in the peri-auricular area. The disease is asymptomatic and has only been described in men. This report records two patients with erythromelanosis follicularis of the face and neck, a boy and a young adult female. PMID- 7370181 TI - The development of pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma after placement of a vascular access graft. AB - Pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma developed on the skin overlying a vascular graft in a haemodialysis patient. After spontaneous thrombosis within the graft, the cutaneous lesions promptly resolved. Light and electron microscopic study of the lesions failed to distinguish them from those of true Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 7370182 TI - Salmonella gastroenteritis--another cause of erythema nodosum. AB - Although there are many causes and associations of erythema nodosum, it remains a useful sign often giving a clue to the diagnosis of a puzzling illness. It is therefore important for clinicians to be aware of all the possible causes and associations. The following report is of a patient in whom typical erythema nodosum developed during the course of severe salmonella gastroenteritis. PMID- 7370183 TI - Idiopathic calcinosis cutis of the penis. AB - Calcification of the penis, whether in the skin, subcutaneous tissue or corpora is exceedingly rare and is usually secondary to trauma or Peyronie's disease. A case of idiopathic calcinosis cutis of the penis is presented. PMID- 7370184 TI - Urticarial vasculitis and IgA myeloma. PMID- 7370185 TI - Urticarial vasculitis resembling systemic lupus erythematosus: efficacy of prednisone and dapsone combined. PMID- 7370187 TI - Dapsone-induced haemolytic anaemia. PMID- 7370186 TI - Clinical and laboratory criteria for the diagnosis of Behcet's disease. PMID- 7370188 TI - Progressive melanosis of the skin. PMID- 7370189 TI - Dust exposure and mortality in chrysotile mining, 1910-75. AB - We report a further follow-up of a birth cohort of 11 379 workers exposed to chrysotile. The cohort consisted of 10 939 men and 440 women, born 1891-1920, who had worked for at least a month in the mines and mills of Asbestos and Thetford Mines in Quebec. For all subjects, length of service and estimates of accumulated dust exposure were obtained, with a smoking history for the vast majority. Three methods of analysis, two based on the "man-years" methods, the other a "case-and multiple-controls" approach, gave results consistent with one another and with previous analyses. By the end of 1975, 4463 men and 84 women had died. Among men, the overall excess mortality, 1926-75 was 2% at Asbestos and 10% at Thetford Mines, much the dustier region. The women, mostly employed at Asbestos, had a standardised mortality ratio (SMR) all causes, 1936-75) of 0.90. Analysis of deaths 20 years or more after first employment showed that in men with short service (less than five years) there was no discernible correlation with dust exposure. Among men employed at least 20 years, there were clear excesses in those exposed to the heaviest dust concentrations. Reanalysis in terms of exposure to age 45 showed definite and consistent trends for SMRs for total mortality, for lung cancer, and for pneumoconiosis to be higher the heavier the exposure. The response to increasing dose was effectively linear for lung cancer and for pneumoconiosis. Lung cancer deaths occurred in non-smokers, and showed a greater increase of incidence with increasing exposure than did lung cancer in smokers, but there was insufficient evidence to distinguish between multiplicative and additive risk models. There were no excess deaths from laryngeal cancer, but a clear association with smoking. Ten men and one woman died from pleural mesothelioma. If the only subjects studied had been the 1904 men with at least 20 years' employment in the lower dust concentrations, averaging 6.6 million particles per cubic foot (or about 20 fibres/cc), excess mortality would not have been considered statistically significant, except for pneumoconiosis. The inability of such a large epidemiological survey to detect increased risk at what, today, are considered unacceptable dust concentrations, and the consequent importance of exposure-response models are therefore emphasised. PMID- 7370190 TI - Concentrations and dimensions of coated and uncoated asbestos fibres in the human lung. AB - Concentrations and length distributions of uncoated and coated amphibole-type fibres in samples of human lung taken at necropsy were measured by optical microscopy using the membrane filter technique that enables fibres with diameters down to about 0.2 micron to be detected. The subjects included 10 who died with mesothelial tumours, three with lung cancer, and eight of other causes. Measurements of fibre concentrations are compared with those of other workers. It can be deduced from the length distributions that fibres less than 5 microns long are cleared from the lung more efficiently than longer ones. The clearance of short fibres appears to be inhibited in subjects with asbestosis, however. The length distributions of uncoated and coated fibres were dissimilar. In general, few fibres less than 10 microns in length were coated and few greater than 40 microns in length were uncoated. The probability of a fibre of given length, however, becoming coated varied considerably from subject to subject. Possible reasons for this are discussed. PMID- 7370191 TI - Nature, structure, and properties of asbestos cement dust. PMID- 7370192 TI - Predictable "individual differences" in uptake and excretion of gases and lipid soluble vapours simulation study. AB - A five-compartment pharmacokinetic model with two excretory pathways, exhalation and metabolism, based on first order kinetics is used to outline the effect of body build, pulmonary ventilation, and lipid content in blood on uptake, distribution, and clearance of low solubility gases and lipid soluble vapours during and after exposure. The model shows the extent that individual differences have on altering uptake and distribution, with consequent changes in blood concentration, rate of excretion, and toxicity, even when variations in these parameters are within physiological ranges. The model is also used to describe the concentration variation of inhaled substances in tissues of subjects exposed to concentrations with permitted excursions. During the same course of exposure, the tissue concentrations of low solubility gases fluctuate much more than tissue concentrations of lipid soluble vapours. The fluctuation is reduced by metabolism of inhaled substance. These conclusions are recommended for consideration whenever evaluating the effect of excursions above the threshold limit values used in the control of industrial exposures (by excursion factors). PMID- 7370194 TI - Reproducibility of pulmonary function tests under laboratory and field conditions. AB - The reproducibility of pulmonary function tests in the laboratory and in a mobile field survey vehicle has been studied. Groups of laboratory workers were studied at base and a random sample of 38 coalminers was examined in the mobile laboratory. The intra-subject variability of some newer tests of lung function, including closing volume and maximum flow at low lung volumes, has been compared with that of well-established tests, such as lung volumes and forced expiratory volume from two measurements made more than one day apart. Most measurements were slightly less reproducible in the study of coalminers than in the laboratory personnel. Conventional tests, such as forced expiratory volume in one second, lung volumes, single breath CO transfer factor, and exercise ventilation were very reproducible, the coefficients of variation (cov) being generally between 5% and 10%. The closing volume test, maximum expiratory flow at low lung volumes, and the single breath N2 index were less reproducible: cov between 15% and 39% in the miners. The forced expired time and volume of isoflow, measured only on laboratory workers, however, exhibited greater reproducibility than previously reported (cov = 10% and 15% respectively). It is suggested that, when assessing the repeatability of lung function tests, account should be taken of the circumstances in which the intra-subject variability was measured. PMID- 7370193 TI - Effects of urinary volume on urinary concentrations of lead, delta aminolaevulinic acid, coproporphyrin, creatinine, and total solutes. AB - Urinary volume was related to urinary concentrations of lead, delta aminolaevulinic acid (ALA), coproporphyrin (COPRO), creatinine, and total solutes in nine lead workers. On a log scale, linear relationships were found between urinary volume and the urinary concentrations. There was a certain difference in the extent of the effects of urinary volume on the urinary concentrations. For example, the concentration of creatinine was more affected by urinary volume than those of lead, ALA, and total solutes among the substances examined: similarly, the concentration of COPRO more than that of ALA. An equation was introduced to eliminate the effects of urinary volume on urinary concentrations. The effects of urinary volume on the concentrations adjusted to urinary specific gravity, osmolality, and creatinine are discussed in the light of these findings. PMID- 7370195 TI - Interaction of calcium and lead in human erythrocytes. AB - The interactions of calcium and lead on the human erythrocytes have been studied in vitro using 45Ca and 203Pb as tracers. The chemical groups binding calcium and lead on the erythrocytes were also investigated. Calcium ions in the plasma were shown to be capable of replacing the 203Pb on the red cells. More than 85% of the 203Pb in the erythrocyte was associated with the cytoplasmic components, and the rest was bound to the stromal membrane. About 90% of 45Ca was attached to erythrocyte membrane. Extraction of 45Ca and 203Pb-labelled erythrocyte membranes with chloroform/methanol mixture showed that the distribution patterns of these two nuclides are similar, with over 88% protein bound, less than 10% lipid bound, and traces in the aqueous phase. Chemical modification of erythrocyte membrane proteins with carbodi-imide, p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), and maleic anhydride suggested that the carboxyl groups are responsible for binding lead and calcium to the red cell membrane. The SH groups may have a minor role in the binding for both cations. Amino groups did not appear to affect the binding of these cations. Gel chromatography of 45Ca-labelled erythrocyte membrane indicated that Ca++ bound to the same fraction of membrane proteins as 203Pb, corresponding to a molecular weight of about 130 000 to 230 000. A possible implication of these findings is that lead and calcium may compete for the same binding site(s) on the erythrocyte. PMID- 7370197 TI - Mortality of workers on an isopropyl alcohol plant and two MEK dewaxing plants. AB - An historical prospective study was undertaken of 262 men who had worked on an isopropyl alcohol plant and 446 men who had worked on two MEK dewaxing plants. All of the former have been traced, and only one man from the latter group was lost to follow-up. These studies linked occupational records with cause of death data for those who had died; the average follow-up was 15.5 years for the IPA plant workers and 13.9 years for those on the MEK dewaxing plants. For the IPA workers the observed deaths (26) were slightly above the expected (23.6), and there was a non-significant excess of deaths from neoplasms (0 = 9, E = 6.19). One person died from nasal cancer (E = 0.02, p = 0.017); though based on small numbers this finding is unlikely to be due to chance and agrees with the original hazard. For those who had worked on the MEK dewaxing plants the observed deaths (46) were below the expected (55.51) and there was also a slight deficiency of deaths from neoplasms (0 = 13, E = 14.26). When the seven sites of malignancy, which had been examined in a recent American study, were compared there were significantly more deaths from buccal cavity and pharynx cancers (0 = 2; E = 0.13; p = 0.008) and significantly fewer from lung cancer (0 = 1; E = 6.02; p less than 0.045). After reviewing the American and present results, it was concluded that there is no clear evidence of a cancer hazard in these workers, though further follow-up of larger numbers is necessary for a more precise estimate of the confidence limits of these findings. PMID- 7370196 TI - Distribution of lead-203 in human peripheral blood in vitro. AB - In-vitro experiments using 203Pb were performed to identify the lead binding components in human peripheral blood. The distribution of lead in plasma, in the red cell membrane, and within the red cell was also investigated. Studies of the distribution of 203Pb in whole blood showed that at a lead concentration of 2.45 mumol/l (50 micrograms/100 ml) about 94% of lead had been incorporated by the erythrocytes and 6% remained in the plasma. After extraction of lipid by a methanol/chloroform mixture, about 75% of the lead was found to be associated with the protein fraction. The lipid contained about 21% of the 203Pb, the remainder being in the aqueous plasma. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of blood plasma showed that almost 90% of the 203Pb was present in the albumin fraction; the remainder was likely to be associated with high molecular weight globulins. Several binding sites were identified on the erythrocyte membrane. The high molecular weight component, about 130 000-230 000, was the most important 203Pb binding site. Chemical modification of membrane proteins suggested that the carboxyl groups are the major ligand responsible for most of the lead binding. SH groups of the membrane may have a minor role, but amino groups did not appear to affect the lead binding. The binding of lead to erythrocytes was not confined to membranes, over 80% of lead in blood penetrates into erythrocytes and binds to intracellular components. Gel chromatography of the haemolysate showed that over 90% of the 203Pb was attached to the haemoglobin molecule. PMID- 7370199 TI - Written communications in psychotherapy. PMID- 7370200 TI - Methodological issues in the content analysis of brief psychotherapy. AB - This is a report of a study which extended D. Malan's methodology for examining three factors typically present in the interpretative work of brief psychotherapy. In his work, the higher incidence of two factors (transference parent link) were found to correlate with a favourable outcome. In this study operational definitions for defence, anxiety and impulse, the conflict factors associated with interpretive work, were developed and tested on Malan's original data. All cases were rated on six factors (Malan's original person-factors plus the additional conflict factors) and their interlinkages. In the 22 cases the rating scheme applied to more than 95 per cent of all interpretations. Malan's findings were replicated. Problems in deriving this complex rating scheme were delineated and directions for future work were outlined. PMID- 7370198 TI - Unusual presentation of Osgood-Schlatter's disease. PMID- 7370202 TI - The factorial reliability of the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire in normal subjects. AB - The internal reliability of the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire and its component subscales has been checked by means of principal components analyses of data on 256 normal subjects. The subscales (with the possible exception of Hysteria) were found to contribute to the general underlying factor of psychoneurosis. In general, the principal components analysis points to the reliability of the subscales, despite some item overlap. PMID- 7370203 TI - A repertory grid study of obsessionality: distinctive cognitive structure or distinctive cognitive content? PMID- 7370201 TI - The generalization of new behaviours and maintenance of programme contingencies in a chronic locked ward. AB - The paper presents the results of a behavioural programme designed to increase social interaction and activity in the locked ward of a psychiatric hospital. The intervention used a method of information feedback to staff to encourage them to make informed choices of targets and methods of change. The rationale was that this would enhance generalization and programme maintenance. Evidence is presented to show the extent of change obtained after 6 months. PMID- 7370205 TI - The borderline patient and military life. AB - The view that the borderline patient can cope surprisingly well in a highly structured environment despite long-standing severe personality disturbance is studied. Military life provides such a structured environment and its role in the lives of these patients is presented through two case reports. The concept that the Army becomes 'military parents', accepts massive projections and survives splitting whilst providing a 'universal ego and super-ego' is developed and felt to be fundamental to the stability that borderline patients can achieve within the Services. PMID- 7370204 TI - Psychopathology and shamanism in rural Mexico: a case study of spirit possession. AB - The so-called mystical possession of Juan Jose Fong, a socially marginal Chinese Mexican of hysterical personality is directly related to the subject's psychological conflicts and emotional complexes and familial and social standing within the immediate cultural context. The subject is seen as suffering from conflicting emotions and cognitions centering around guilt, inferiority and non acceptance by his peer group. The personification of his personal problems in the motif of spirit possessions enables the subject to maintain a measure of self esteem, social status and personality integration. PMID- 7370206 TI - The effects of dietary thiamin on voluntary ethanol drinking and ethanol metabolism in the rat. AB - 1. The influence of a deficiency or surplus of thiamin in the diet on voluntary ethanol consumption, ethanol elimination rate and blood acetaldehyde concentration was studied in rats. 2. Both the high-thiamin diet containing 20 mg thiamin hydrochloride/kg and the thiamin deficient diet containing no measurable thiamin produced obvious functional effects on thiamin metabolism in rat tissues after 4 weeks as demonstrated by measurements of the blood transketolase (sedoheptulose-7-phosphate: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glycolaldehyde transferase; EC 2.2.1.1) activity and the extent of thiamin pyrophosphate stimulation of the enzyme. 3. During the first week on the test diets the prospective ethanol free-choice groups had 1.72 M-ethanol as their only drinking fluid. Subsequently they had a choice between ethanol and tap water for three weeks. During the free-choice period the rats on the high-thiamin diet drank only one-fifth as much ethanol as the rats given the optimum diet with 4 mg thiamin hydrochloride/kg. 4. The thiamin-deficient rats showed a significant tendency to increase ethanol drinking, when intake was expressed relative to total energy intake, but their intake of ethanol on a g/kg body-weight basis was approximately the same as that of the group given the optimum-diet. 5. The observed differences in voluntary ethanol drinking associated with different levels of dietary thiamin cannot be explained by changes in the ethanol elimination rate or the acetaldehyde accumulation in blood during the oxidation of ethanol. PMID- 7370207 TI - Dietary tryptophan level and the enzymes of tryptophan NAD pathway. AB - 1. Dietary tryptophan was found to regulate the activities of tryptophan oxygenase (EC 1.13.1.12) and quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2a) in liver. 2. With increasing tryptophan concentration in the diet containing 100 g protein/kg, tryptophan oxygenase activity increased while that of quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase decreased. The response of these enzymes to dietary tryptophan at lower dietary protein level (25 g/kg) was not significant. 3. Liver nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.11) activity and kidney picolinate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.45) activity were unaltered with different tryptophan concentrations in the diet. 4. The response of various biochemical measurements was dependent on the tryptophan intake and the changes were marked below and above the requirement level of tryptophan. 5. It is suggested that the urinary excretion of quinolinic acid and N'-methylnicotinamide may be useful in assessing the tryptophan nutritional status and its requirement. PMID- 7370208 TI - The effects of dietary sucrose and the concentration of plasma urea and rumen ammonia on the degradation of urea in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle. AB - 1. The rates of entry of urea into plasma, of urea degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, and the partition of that degradation between the rumen and post-ruminal tract were determined by use of [14C]urea and NaH14CO3 in Hereford steers receiving hay diets with or without sucrose. The concentrations of plasma urea and rumen ammonia were varied by infusions of urea into the rumen or abomasum. 2. For all diets, plasma urea concentration was related to urea entry rate, to degradation of urea in the whole gastrointestinal tract, and to its degradation in the post-ruminal tract, but the relationship with its degradation in the rumen was poor. 3. Degradation of urea in the rumen was related in a multiple regression in a curvilinear manner in three groups of diets (pasture-hay alone, pasture-hay--lucerne (Medicago sativa) mixtures, diets with sucrose), and negatively to rumen ammonia concentration for pasture-hay diets, and diets with sucrose. 4. Ruminal clearance of urea (rate of urea degradation per plasma urea concentration) was negatively related to the rumen ammonia concentration for steers given diets with sucrose, of pasture-hay with or without urea infusions. Provision of sucrose in the diet significantly increased clearance. 5. Enhanced urea degradation in the rumen associated with dietary sucrose supplements accounted for 0.4 of additional microbial N synthesis in the rumen. 6. The partition of transfer of urea to the rumen via saliva and through the rumen wall is discussed. PMID- 7370209 TI - Changes in adipose tissue of the rat due to early undernutrition followed by rehabilitation. 1. Body composition and adipose tissue cellularity. AB - 1. Male Black and White Hooded rats were allocated at birth to foster mothers in litters of three, nine or sixteen. At weaning animals from each of these litter sizes were ad lib.-fed on a stock diet forming three ad lib.-fed control groups. At weaning further animals from litters of nine and sixteen were fed on the stock diet in restricted amounts until 12 weeks of age. These undernourished animals were then rehabilitated by being allowed ad lib. access to the stock diet. 2. Five animals from each group were killed at various stages of the experiment, their bodies analysed for fat and nitrogen, and the size and number of cells determined in four specific fat depots. 3. The previously undernourished rats failed to make a complete recovery and were significantly smaller than ad lib. fed animals from the same litter at 32 weeks of age when the experiment was terminated. 4. The previously undernourished rats from litters of nine deposited a significantly greater porportion of fat in their bodies during rehabilitation than ad lib.-fed animals from litters of nine over the same gain in body-weight. The previously undernourished rats from litters of sixteen deposited the same proportion of fat in their bodies during rehabilitation as ad lib -fed animals from litters of three, nine and sixteen over the same gain in body-weight. 5. There were no significant differences in apparent or total fat cell numbers between ad lib.-fed animals and undernourished-rehabilitated animals at any of the four sites studied at 32 weeks of age. PMID- 7370210 TI - Studies on the absorption of zinc by rat intestine. AB - 1. A technique is described for the measurement of the extent of 65Zn absorption by different regions of the intestine in the intact rat. Using this technique it was shown that the duodenum contributed 60%, the ileum 30% and the jejunum 10% to the over-all absorption of 65Zn. Negligible absorption of 65Zn occurred from the caecum and colon. 2. Using ligated loops of rat duodenum in situ, 65Zn absorption was shown to be rapid, with 1% of a 5 microgram dose being transferred to the carcase within 1 min of intraluminal dosing. 3. When 65Zn was injected into ligated loops in a dose range of 1--200 microgram Zn/ml the rate of absorption was linear with respect to time over the first 15 min. The rates of 65Zn absorption v. dose of 65Zn exhibited saturation kinetics indicating absorption by a 'carrier' or enzyme-mediated process. 4. The binding of 65Zn to loop tissue showed biphasic kinetics which suggested that at low intraluminal concentrations of Zn (1--50 microgram Zn/ml) binding was to specific sites whereas, at higher concentrations (50--200 microgram Zn/ml), non-specific binding occurred. 5. A study of the fate of mucosally bound 65Zn showed that over the first 30 min a proportion of the 65Zn was rapidly transferred to the carcase and this was probably associated with the rapid phase of 65Zn absorption described previously. From 30 min up to 6 h after the initial binding, 65Zn was also transferred to the carcase albeit at a much slower rate indicating a slow phase of Zn absorption. A study of the kinetics of this slow phase indicated that the loss of bound 65Zn to the body was a saturable process indicating an enzyme- or 'carrier'-mediated process. A comparison of the kinetics of the slow and rapid phases of 65Zn absorption suggests that these processes are distinct. 6. Histological examination of mucosal tissue of loops exposed to 200 microgram Zn/ml revealed to discernable diamage. Similarly, no effect was observed on either arginine or glucose uptake by isolated duodenal loops in situ, although this concentration of Zn completely abolished fluid uptake. A study of the effect of different doses of Zn showed that 50 microgram Zn/ml inhibited mucosal fluid uptake by more than 50% and 100 microgram Zn/ml by more than 90%. It was concluded that these effects were due to a specific action on the fluid-transfer process and not due to a general poisoning of the mucosa. PMID- 7370211 TI - Effects of level of dietary copper sulphate and period of feeding on the laying, domestic fowl, with special reference to tissue mineral content. AB - 1. A cereal-based diet containing 7.6 mg copper/kg was fed ad lib. to laying hens for up to 48 d. Four other groups were given the control diet to which was added hydrated copper sulphate to provide 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg added Cu/kg. 2. Hens were killed on day 0 and after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 d. Records were kept of body-weight, food consumption, egg production and egg weight. 3. After slaughter blood haemoglobin, packed cell volume, serum Cu and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT; EC 2.6.1.1) were measured. The liver, kidneys, a sample of breast muscle, oviduct, ovary and gizzard were weighed. Gizzard, spleen, liver and kidney tissue were examined histologically. 4. The Cu, zinc and iron concentrations of liver, kidneys and breast muscle and the manganese concentrations of liver and kidneys were determined. 5. Body-weight loss occurred at 500-2000 mg added Cu/kg diet. Egg production was depressed by level of added Cu and period of time on the Cu containing diets. 6. Mean liver, kidney, oviduct and ovarian weights per unit body-weight were depressed by Cu in the diet and the effect increased with period of time on the diets. Mean gizzard weight per unit body-weight was increased by dietary added Cu and by time. 7. Cu concentrations in the liver were increased by dietary level of added Cu and period of time on the diet. Zn concentration in liver increased at 1000 and 2000 mg added Cu/kg diet and liver Fe concentration was increased at these levels. Histological examination of the gizzard indicated that the Cu content of the gizzard lining increased with dietary added Cu. PMID- 7370212 TI - Growth and liver enzyme response in growing rats to graded levels of methionine plus cystine in fortified-barley diets. Response at constant methionine:cystine. AB - 1. Twenty-eight male rats of initial age 27 d were fed on fortified-barley diets for 3 weeks. In all experimental diets, both crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25) and methionine:cystine were constant at 120.0 g/kg dry matter (DM) and 2:1 respectively. The basal diet contained 4.5 g methionine plus cystine/kg DM with L methionine plus L-cystine (2:1, w/w) added in increments of 0.5 g/kg DM to a final level of 7.0 methionine plus cystine/kg DM. A 'positive-control' diet of barley plus 193.7 g soya-bean meal/kg DM contained 6.0 g methionine plus cystine/kg DM. 2. Weight gain, food conversion efficiency (FCE), urinary urea-N excretion, carcass composition and activities of liver cystathionine synthase (EC 4.2.1.22) and N5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.13) were determined. 3. Weight gain, food consumption, FCE and carcass composition measurements of rats showed either small or no differences between the experimental diets containing 4.5--7.0 g methionine plus cystine/kg DM. For the over-all period, weight gain and FCE of rats receiving the 'positive control' diet were significantly higher than values obtained with rats receiving any of the experimental diets. 4. Cystathionine synthase activity (mumol/mg protein per 60 min; units) increased from 13.38 at 4.5 g dietary methionine plus cystine/kg DM to 18.81 at 5.0 g dietary methionine plus cystine/kg DM. The activity was then inhibited to reach a minimum value of 10.16 units at the 6.0 g/kg DM dietary level. Thereafter the activity increased to a value of 30.00 units at 7.0 g dietary methionine plus cystine/kg DM. 5. The activity of N5 methyltetrahydrofolate-methyltransferase was constant at 0.70--0.74 nmol/mg protein per 60 min between dietary levels of 4.5 and 5.0 g methionine plus cystine/kg DM. The activity then increased to a maximum value of 2.32 nmol/mg protein per 60 min at the 6.0 g/kg DM level. Thereafter the activity decreased, reaching a minimum value of 0.70 nmol/mg protein per 60 min at the 7.0 g methionine plus cystine/kg level. 6. Urinary urea-N excretion decreased significantly from 1.07 g/kg DM intake at the 4.5 g dietary methionine plus cystine/kg DM level to 1.05 g/kg DM at the 5.0 g/kg dietary level, then dropped significantly to a level of 1.01--1.00 g/kg DM intake for the higher levels of dietary methionine plus cystine. PMID- 7370213 TI - The effect of feeding sugar-beet silage and non-protein-N on rumen and blood metabolites in bulls. PMID- 7370215 TI - Changes in adipose tissue of the rat due to early undernutrition followed by rehabilitation. 2. Strain differences and adipose tissue cellularity. AB - 1. Male Wistar rats were allocated at birth to foster mothers in litters of three, nine or sixteen. At weaning animals from each litter size were ad lib.-fed on a stock diet. Further animals from litters of nine and sixteen were fed on the stock diet in restricted amounts until 12 weeks of age and then rehabilitated by being allowed ad lib. access to the stock diet. 2. Five animals from each group were killed at 24 weeks of age and the size and number of cells determined in four specific fat depots. 3, Animals reared in litters of sixteen and further undernourished from 3 to 12 weeks (group L16/U) had significantly fewer fat cells at all sites studied than animals reared in litters of three and ad lib.-fed. Group L16/U animals also had significantly fewer observable fat cells at the epididymal site than ad lib.-fed animals reared in litters of nine. These results differ from those found in the Black and White Hooded rat where, after similar treatments, no significant differences in observable fat cell number were found. PMID- 7370214 TI - The role of methionine and vitamin B12 in folate incorporation by rat liver. AB - The decreased folate uptake induced by exposure of rats to nitrous oxide can be partly reversed by methionine supplementation. This is consistent with the theory that N2O inhibits methylcobalamin-dependent methionine synthetase (EC 2.1.1.13) in rat liver and previous observations showing decreased folate incorporation in rats made nutritionally vitamin B12 deficient. PMID- 7370216 TI - Changes in adipose tissue of the rat due early undernutrition followed by rehabilitation. 3. Changes in cell replication studied with tritiated thymidine. AB - 1. Well-nourished rats were injected with tritiated thymidine at 15, 22, 28 or 84 d of age. At 1, 6, 11 and 16 d after injection animals from each group were killed, samples of adipose tissue were removed from two subcutaneous sites (abdominal and scapular) and separated, using collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3), into 'fat cell' and 'stromal cell' fractions. The specific (radio)activity of DNA isolated from each fraction was measured. The specific activity of DNA isolated from two 'deep body' sites (perirenal and epididymal) was measured only in the animals injected at 84 d of age. 2. Animals undernourished from birth up to 84 d of age were injected with tritiated thymidine at 22, 28 or 84 d of age. Animals were killed 1 and 11 d after injection, adipose tissue removed, and the specific activity of DNA measured. Other undernourished animals were rehabilitated from 84 to 107 d and injected at 91 d of age with tritiated thymidine. The animals were killed 1, 6, 11 and 16 d after injection, adipose tissue was removed from the subcutaneous and deep body sites and the specific activity of DNA determined as before. 3. In well-nourished animals fat cell replication had largely ceased by 12 weeks of age in the subcutaneous depots. There were differences between the various sites of adipose tissue regarding the period of hyperplastic growth, its timing or rate of replication or both. 4. In undernourished animals replication was slow in the subcutaneous depots compared with well-nourished animals of the same age. Rehabilitation from undernutrition stimulated replication which resulted in higher rates in all four depots examined compared with those in well nourished animals. 5. The findings are discussed in relation to the concept of a finite period of hyperplasia for adipose tissue. PMID- 7370217 TI - The use of common salt (sodium chloride) fortified with iron to control anaemia: results of a preliminary study. AB - 1. Iron-deficiency anaemia continues to be a major public health problem in all developing countries. Fortification of commonly consumed food items has been suggested as an effective method of preventing anaemia. Common salt (sodium chloride) has been identified as a suitable vehicle to be fortified with Fe in India. 2. Common salt was fortified with ferric orthophosphate (3500 mg/kg) and sodium hydrogen sulphate (5000 mg/kg) to provide an additional 1 mg elemental Fe/g common salt consumed. 3. After ascertaining the acceptability of the fortified salt with respect to its colour, taste and bioavailability a pilot feeding trial was conducted among residential schoolchildren in Hyderabad. Feeding of the fortified salt for a period of 1 year resulted in a significant increase in the haemoglobin level of these children. There was also a significant reduction in the prevalence of anaemia among children given the fortified salt. 4. Before the same fortified salt is recommended as a public health measure to prevent Fe-deficiency anaemia among our population it is necessary that further large-scale community trials with this fortified salt are carried out particularly among the rural population. PMID- 7370218 TI - Household food wastage in Britain. AB - 1. The total food and drink available for human consumption in the United Kingdom would provide approximately 13 MJ (3100 kcal)/person per d, while the energy intake recommended for the population is approximately 9.6 MJ (2300 kcal)/person per d. A proportion of this substantial difference must be due to wastage in the home as well as in catering establishments and during the storage, distribution and processing of food. 2. As part of a general investigation of this problem, a representative sample of 100 British households was asked to collect all the potentially-edible food wasted in their homes during 1 week, and to keep a record of the food, other than commercial pet food, which they gave to pets and wild birds. A total of 672 households co-operated fully, 338 in summer and 334 in winter. Each food sample received was weighed, and its energy content was determined calorimetrically. 3. Significantly more waste food was collected in summer than in winter, equivalent to 9.3 MJ (2220 kcal)/household per week and 7.1 MJ (1700 kcal)/household per week respectively. In terms of energy, cereals, fat and meat wastage predominated, while in terms of weight, milk was more important and fat less so. 4. Considerable quantities of otherwise edible food were also given to pets and birds, accounting on average for a further 2.4 MJ (570 kcal) and 3.0 MJ (710 kcal)/household per week in summer and winter respectively. The energy content of all food wasted in the home therefore averaged 11.7 MJ (2790 kcal)/household per week in summer and 10.1 MJ (2410 kcal)/households per week in winter, equivalent to 0.6 MJ (150 kcal) and 0.5 MJ (130 kcal)/person per d respectively. This is less than one-quarter of the gap between food supplies and the amount of food thought to be eaten in the UK. 5. Food wastage was significantly influenced by the composition of the family, with adults wasting more in absolute terms than children, and larger households wasting less per person than smaller households. However, with few exceptions, neither income nor geographical region significantly affected the total amount of food wasted in the home. 6. When assessed against the expected usage of food in the home, wastage accounted on average for 6.5% of the energy intake in summer and 5.4% in winter. PMID- 7370219 TI - Estimation of body fat in normal and obese mice. AB - 1. Lee Index (weight (g0.33) divided by nasoanal length (mm)), density, body water and proportional weight of the gonadal fat pad were tested as estimates of body fat in a normal population of mice and a population which included obese mice. 2. In a normal population only body water and fat-pad weight correlated significantly with body fat. 3. In a population of normal and obese mice all four indices correlated significantly with body fat. 4. Lee Index had little advantage over weight:length as an estimate of body fat, and density did not correlate well enough to be used as a method of estimation. 5. Proportional weight of the gonadal fat pad is recommended as a simple reliable estimate of body fat in normal or obese mice. PMID- 7370220 TI - Heat loss from humans measured with a direct calorimeter and heat-flow meters. AB - 1. Heat loss from three men and three women was measured in a direct calorimeter over 2 or 3 h periods and compared with that determined simultaneously from heat flow meters attached to the skin surface at the waist. The comparisons were made at each of four ambient temperatures, 15, 20, 25 and 30 degrees. Each subject wore a cotton boiler-suit and minimal underwear. 2. Oral temperatures and skin and clothing temperatures on both trunk and forearm were determined, thus enabling the subjects' internal and external insulation to be calculated. 3. Heat loss determined by the meters was lower than that determined by the calorimeter. The difference increased with increase in ambient temperature. 'Meter' heat loss decreased linearly as ambient temperature was raised. 4. It was concluded that heat-flow meters could provide a useful estimate of total heat loss when the evaporative component is low. The estimate might be improved if the subject is calibrated while wearing the meters in a calorimeter over several short periods. Heat-flow meters could therefore be of particular value in sedentary individuals, when the heart-rate method for estimating energy expenditure can be inappropriate. PMID- 7370221 TI - Vitamin C status, serum cholesterol levels and bile composition in the pregnant guinea-pig. AB - 1. Pregnant guinea-pigs receiving a low dose of L-ascorbic acid (0.2 mg/100 g body-weight per d) developed a hypercholesterolaemia in the third trimester of pregnancy, whereas no change in serum cholesterol levels was observed in pregnant animals receiving a higher dose of the vitamin (2 mg/100 g body-weight per d). 2. Pregnancy in the group of guinea-pigs receiving the higher dose of L-ascorbic acid was associated with an increased biliary secretion of bile acids. No change was observed in the biliary secretion of bile acids in pregnant animals receiving the lower dose of L-ascorbic acid, but these animals secreted significantly more cholesterol. 3. Changes in the biliary secretion of cholesterol and bile acids in the pregnant guinea-pig according to L-ascorbic acid intake were reflected in the composition of the gall-bladder bile. Thus, the gall-bladder bile of guinea-pigs receiving the lower dose of L-ascorbic acid contained more cholesterol, while the gall-bladder bile of those animals receiving the higher dose of the vitamin had a higher content of bile acids. 4. The increased cholesterol content of the gall bladder of pregnant guinea-pigs receiving the lower dose of L-ascorbic acid resulted in decreased bile acid:cholesterol and phospholipid:cholesterol values, conditions predisposing to cholelithiasis. PMID- 7370222 TI - Reversible dissociation of wheat germ ribosomal subunits: cation-dependent equilibria and thermodynamic parameters. AB - The influence of magnesium ion concentration upon the equilibrium between the wheat germ ribosome and its subunits has been studied by light scattering. The curves obtained for ribosome dissociation and subunit reassociation were identical and were independent of the origin and direction of the magnesium ion titration, suggesting that the wheat germ ribosomes are behaving as a homogeneous population equivalent to Escherichia coli type A ribosomes. Increasing K+ concentrations in the presence of Mg2+ favored ribosome dissociation. Polyamines favored subunit reassociation, with 0.1 mM spermine acting as effectively as 1 mM spermidine. Thermodynamic parameters have been determined from the temperature dependent equilibria and have been compared to those of E. coli type A ribosomes. The association of the 40S and 60S subunits is exothermic. At 1.5 mM Mg2+ and 100 mM K+, the entropy term is negative, favoring ribosome dissociation, and contributes less to the free energy than the enthalpy term. The determination of these thermodynamic parameters was based on molecular weights of 1.2 x 10(6) and 2.3 x 10(6) for the 40S and 60S subunits, respectively, calculated from laser light scattering data. PMID- 7370224 TI - Stable RNA-DNA-RNA polymerase complexes can accompany formation of a single phosphodiester bond. AB - Incubation of RNA polymerase with poly[d(A-T)n] template results in a binary enzyme-DNA complex. Further addition of the dinucleotide UpA and [alpha-32P]UTP results in catalytic formation of the labeled trinucleotide UpApU until substrate exhaustion. In contrast, incubation of binary enzyme-DNA complexes with ApU and [alpha-32P]ATP results in labeled ApUpA formation to an extent that is stoichiometric with the amount of enzyme present despite an excess of substrates. The occurrence of ApUpA in a stable DNA-enzyme-RNA ternary complex is shown by gel exclusion chromatography, Millipore filtration, and the ability of ternary complexes to support subsequent RNA chain elongation. Radioactivity is not bound to Millipore filters when purified, labeled ApUpA is added to enzyme-DNA binary complexes. Hence, phosphodiester bond formation is required for stable ternary complex formation. The absence of the delta subunit of RNA polymerase or the addition of rifampicin to the reaction before ribonucleotide substrates results in catalytic ApUpA formation instead of stable ternary complexes. PMID- 7370223 TI - Stereochemical importance of fucosterol epoxide in the conversion of sitosterol into cholesterol in the silkworm Bombyx mori. AB - Studies on the stereochemistry of 24,28-epoxy-24-ethylcholesterol, a key intermediate in sitosterol to cholesterol conversion in insects, were undertaken. In nutritional experiments, the 24R,28S and 24S,28R stereoisomers (isofucosterol epoxides) were unable to support growth and development of silkworm larvae. Incubation of 3 alpha-3H-labeled (24R,28R)- and (24S,28S)-epoxide (fucosterol epoxides) with a cell-free preparation from silkworm guts resulted in effective conversion into desmosterol and cholesterol; (24R,28R)-epoxide was the slightly better substrate. Fucosterol incubation yielded (24R,28R)-epoxide and the 24S,28S isomer in approximately equal amounts, while slightly preferential formation of the 24R,28R isomer was observed in in vivo experiments. These results indicate that both the formation of the epoxide from fucosterol and its conversion to desmosterol proceed with a low degree of stereospecificity. PMID- 7370225 TI - Comparison of the ribonucleic acid polymerases from both phases of Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - The three ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerases (ribonucleoside triphosphate RNA nucleotidyltransferases, EC 2.7.7.6) of the two phases (yeast and mycelial) of the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum have been purified and characterized. The corresponding enzymes from the two phases differ in sensitivity to alpha amanitin, ion and salt requirements, temperature sensitivity, and subunit structure. This is the first case in which such qualitative differences in RNA polymerases have been demonstrated in two growth states of the same organism. PMID- 7370226 TI - Correlation of functional elastin messenger ribonucleic acid levels and rate of elastin synthesis in the developing chick aorta. PMID- 7370227 TI - Purification and characterization of winter flounder antifreeze peptide messenger ribonucleic acid. AB - The serum of winter flounder contains a group of small antifreeze peptides which lower the freezing point of their body fluids during the winter months. The poly(A)-containing mRNA coding for these peptides has been isolated from livers of the winter specimens. When the isolated antifreeze mRNA was analyzed by a denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, at least two distinct bands approximately 450 nucleotides in length are visible. In a wheat germ cell-free protein synthetic system these mRNAs direct the synthesis of small peptides which can be precipitated by antisera against purified winter flounder antifreeze peptides. Full-length cDNA was synthesized from the isolated antifreeze mRNA by avian myeloblastosis reverse transcriptase. From the RNA excess hybridization kinetic analysis, there are probably three different mRNAs coding for the antifreeze peptides. Using the radioactive cDNA probe, it was estimated that 1% of the total RNA in liver of a January specimen is antifreeze mRNA. RNA from a summar specimen showed no significant hybridization even at high concentrations of RNA. These results indicate that the control of antifreeze peptide biosynthesis relies at least in part on the synthesis or degradation of translatable mRNA. PMID- 7370228 TI - Reversible high-pressure dissociation of lactic dehydrogenase from pig muscle. PMID- 7370229 TI - Phospholipase A2 activity and substrate specificity of snake venom presynaptic toxins. AB - Beta-Neurotoxins from certain snake venoms are highly specific toxins acting at the presynaptic side of the neuromuscular junction. In this study biochemical aspects of this high specificity have been investigated. When toxins (notexin and Naja nigricollis basic phospholipase) act on a mixture of subcellular fractions obtained from brain cortex (synaptosomes, myelin, and mitochondria), the synaptosomal fraction is preferentially attacked and shows the highest release of membrane protein. As seen from isolated fractions, however, even the mitochondria are rapidly and strongly attached. Examining the phospholipase A2 activity of the toxin instead of the release of proteins reveals that synaptosomes represent the best substrate. In contrast to nonneurotoxic phospholipases A2, that from neurotoxin preferentially uses synaptosomal phosphatidylcholine as a substrate when pure phospholipids isolated from subcellular fractions are used. A relationship between the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio and the sensitivity to toxin action in the various subcellular fractions was found. These data suggest that the neurotoxic effect is mainly due to the substrate specificity of the beta neurotoxins. It is suggested that synaptosomal phosphatidylcholine, embedded in a membrane containing a low amount of cholesterol, is a highly specific substrate for beta-neurotoxins. PMID- 7370230 TI - Sulfate incorporation into the major sialoglycoprotein of the MAT-B1 subline of the 13762 rat ascites mammary adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7370231 TI - Storage of dopamine and acetylcholine in granules of PC12, a clonal pheochromocytoma cell line. PMID- 7370232 TI - Thermotropic transitions in rat intestinal plasma membranes studied by differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence polarization. PMID- 7370233 TI - Bilayers of phosphatidylserine: a deuterium and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance study. PMID- 7370234 TI - A 31P-NMR study of the cross-membrane pH gradient induced by ATP hydrolysis in mitochondria. AB - 31P-NMR has been used to study the increase of delta pH in mitochondria by externally added ATP. Freshly prepared mitochondria was treated with N ethylmaleimide to inhibit the exchange between internal and external P(i). Upon addition of ATP, phosphocreatine (30 mM) and creatine kinase to a NMR sample of mitochondria suspension (approx. 120 mg protein/ml) at 0 degrees C, an increase of delta pH by approx. 0.5 pH unit was observed. However the increased delta pH could not be maintained, but slowly decayed along with the increase of external ADP/ATP ratio. Further addition of valinomycin to the suspension induced a larger delta pH (approx. 1) which was maintained by the increased rate of internal ATP hydrolysis as seen in the growth of the internal P(i) peak intensity in NMR spectra and the concomitant decrease of the external phosphocreatine peak. The external P(i) and ATP peaks stayed virtually constant. When carboxyatractyloside was added to inhibit the ATP/ADP translocase, the internal P(i) increase was stopped and the delta pH decayed. These observations in conjunction with those made earlier in respiring mitochondria clearly show the reversible nature of the ATPase function in which the internal ATP hydrolysis is associated with outward pumping of protons. PMID- 7370235 TI - The interaction of nitrite with photosynthetic electrom transport under anaerobic conditions. AB - Chlorella cells were examined in a modulated oxygen polarograph under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. At light intensities below about 600 ergs . cm-2 . s-1 of 650 nm light, the oxygen yield and phase lag are lower under anaerobic conditions. Addition of 25 mM sodium nitrite increases both these parameters to values close to those found in the presence of oxygen. It is proposed that nitrite is reduced by Photosystem I thus diverting electrons from the cyclic electron transport pathway. The intersystem electron transport chain becomes more oxidized and this suppresses a backflow of electrons to the oxidizing side of Photosystem II, hence increasing the oxygen yield and the phase lag. The removal of oxygen from the bathing medium also alters the response of dark adapted Chlorella to a series of saturating light flashes. In terms of the Kok model of Photosystem II (Kok, B., Forbush, B. and McGloin, M. (1970) Photochem. Photobiol. 11, 457-475) there is a large increase in the parameter alpha. Addition of nitrite reverses this change and virtually restores the response seen in the presence of oxygen. The deactivation of the S2 state is greatly speeded up in the absence of oxygen but the addition of nitrite again reverses this. PMID- 7370236 TI - Quinones as mediators of both artificial and cyclic phosphorylation in spinach chloroplasts. AB - A new method to prereduce mediators catalyzing cyclic electron transfer in washed, spinach thylakoid membranes was developed. Hydrophilic and lipophilic quinones were tested for their ability to catalyze phosphorylation in both cyclic electron transfer and electron transfer in an artificial transmembrane redox reaction. Quinones varied widely in their ability to catalyze cyclic photophosphorylation, but cyclic phosphorylation in all cases was inhibited by the plastoquinone antagonist dibromothymoquinone. Many of the quinones also catalyzed transmembrane electron transfer to ferricyanide trapped internally within the thylakoid vesicles. In this system, phosphorylation catalyzed by hydrophilic quinones was inhibited by dibromothymoquinone, whereas phosphorylation catalyzed by lipophilic quinones was dibromothymoquinone insensitive. This is taken as evidence that transmembrane electron transfer catalyzed by hydrophilic quinones is mediated by the endogenous plastoquinone pool within the thylakoid membrane. PMID- 7370237 TI - Electron and proton transfers from P-430 to ferredoxin-NADP-reductase in Chlorella cells. AB - After blocking Photosystem II on whole Chlorella cells, we measured the absorption changes between 0 degrees C and -10 degrees C. The absorption changes measured 2 mus after the beginning of a Xenon Flash are the sum of changes due to P(+)-700 and changes due to P(-)-430 (after the subtraction of the carotenoid triplet change and of the electrochromic effect). The reduction of P(-)-430 is not resolved by our technique. Its reoxidation presents a half-time around 1 mus at 0 degrees C and around 2 mus at -10 degrees C. The reduction and protonation of ferredoxin-NADP-reductase to its neutral semi-quinoid form FNRH present a half time of about 3 mus at 0 degrees C and 6 mus at -10 degrees C. The presence of only one photoreducible ferredoxin-NADP-reductase per Photosystem I center is confirmed, but is an acceptor X' the differential extinction coefficients of which are weak or null from 420 nm to 480 nm. Tentative explanations which would reconcile these results with what was already known about ferredoxin are proposed. PMID- 7370238 TI - Evidence of a specific complex between adriamycin and negatively-charged phospholipids. AB - Membrane-model systems (monolayers, small unilamellar vesicles) were used to study the interaction between adriamycin (ADM) and phospholipids. Adsorption of 3H-labeled adriamycin on different phospholipid monolayers demonstrated the specificity of adriamycin for negatively-charged phospholipids (cardiolipin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid). The stoichiometry has been found to be approx. 2 mol (1.8) adriamycin per mol cardiolipin and approx. 1 mol (0.75) adriamycin per mol phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid. No adsorption was detected with neutral lipids. Surface-potential measurements confirm the formation of a complex stabilized by electrostatic interactions without penetration of the drug into the lipid lipophilic phase. Some adriamycin derivatives were used to discriminate between the ionized hydrophilic and hydrophobic contributions in the complex formation. The absorption spectrum of adriamycin in the presence of cardiolipin resembles the behavior of the ADM-DNA complex. Moreover, the association constants of the two complexes are very similar (cardiolipin-ADM, 1.6 . 10(6) . M-1; ADM-DNA, 2.4 . 10(6) . M-1). To explain the high affinity of cardiolipin for adriamycin, we proposed that two essential interactions are responsible for the complex stabilization: an electrostatic interaction between the protonated amino groups of the sugar residues and the ionized phosphate residues, and an interaction between adjacent anthraquinone chromophores. These data strongly suggest competitive behavior between a membrane site and the target. Consequently, it must be assumed that the lipidic components of the cell membrane structure may be an important determinant in the behavior of adriamycin. This observation should be kept in mind in the building of new derivatives. PMID- 7370239 TI - Interaction of phenylisothiocyanate with human erythrocyte band 3 protein. I. Covalent modification and inhibition of phosphate transport. AB - The hydrophobic probe phenylisothiocyanate is utilized for chemical modification of human erythrocyte band 3 protein. The binding of phenylisothiocyanate to this protein is characterized in whole erythrocytes, erythrocyte ghost membranes and in isolated band 3 protein. The label, reactive with nucleophiles in their deprotonated form is found in all three preparations to be covalently bound to band 3 protein. Under saturation conditions, 4--5 mol phenylisothiocyanate are covalently bound per mol protein (molecular weight 95 000). The described modification effects inhibition of phosphate entry into erythrocytes. 50% inhibition of phosphate transport is obtained following a preincubation of erythrocytes with 0.45 mM phenylisothiocyanate. Both phenylisothiocyanate binding and transport inhibition are saturating processes. The relationship of the two parameters is non-linear. PMID- 7370242 TI - The efflux of L-carnitine from cells in culture (CCL 27). AB - The efflux of L-[3H]carnitine was studied in cells from an established cell line from human heart (Girardi human heart cells, CCL 27). The cells were loaded with 4 mumol/l L-[3H]carnitine for 1 or 24 h, and the efflux of radioactivity into the medium was measured. The amount of intracellular L-[3H]-carnitine retained was expressed as a function of time. The results were fitted to an exponential equation, from which efflux rate constants were computed. Increasing the extracellular concentration of butyrobetaine, L-carnitine, D-carnitine, betaine, DL-norcarnitine or 3-dimethylamino-2-hydroxypropionic acid each increased the observed efflux. This is most likely due to accelerated exchange diffusion. The substrate specificity of this accelerated exchange diffusion is different from what previously has been found in competitive uptake studies of L-carnitine. L Carnitine was preferentially released to L-acetylcarnitine, and blocking the sulfhydryl groups with 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) increased the efflux. PMID- 7370241 TI - A comparison of surface proteins in embryonal carcinoma cells and their differentiated derivatives. AB - Surface proteins from five cell lines (three embryonal carcinoma cell lines (F9, PCC4 and PCC3), teratocarcinoma-derived endodermal cells (PYS) and fibroblasts (line 3/A/1-D-3 differentiated from PCC3) were compared by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after selective iodination with 125I in the presence of lactoperoxidase. The labeled proteins were solubilized either in Nonidet P40/urea/ampholyte/mercaptoethanol solution or in Nonidet P40 only. In total, about thirty major 125I-labeled surface proteins were identified by their isoelectric point and molecular weight. 14 proteins are present in all five cell types, although their quantity or accessibility for labeling differs between differentiated and undifferentiated cells. Three proteins (200, 160 and 150 kilodaltons) are present in undifferentiated cells only. Two of them (160 and 150 kilodaltons) were solubilized by Nonidet P40/urea/ampholyte/mercaptoethanol, but not by Nonidet P40. One protein (50 kilodaltons) was found in nullipotent F9 cells only. About 14--15 proteins (including fibronectin) were released by Nonidet P40/urea/ampholyte/mercaptoethanol but not by Nonidet P40. They are presumably bound to submembrane or cytoskeleton structures by non-covalent bonds. PMID- 7370240 TI - Cytochalasin B-binding proteins in rabbit erythrocyte membranes and their post natal change in relation to the glucose carrier activity. AB - Two distinct, carrier-mediated glucose uptake processes, a fast, cytochalasin B sensitive and a slow, cytochalasin B-insensitive flux are identified in parallel in newborn rabbit erythrocytes. The fast, cytochalasin B-sensitive carrier function disappears as rabbits age, and only the slow cytochalasin B-insensitive carrier function is observed with adult rabbit erythrocytes. Three different cytochalasin B binding sites are distinguished in newborn rabbit erythrocytes; a glucose-sensitive site (site I), a cytochalasin E-sensitive site (site II), and a site insensitive to both glucose and cytochalasin E. With adult rabbit erythrocytes, only a cytochalasin E-sensitive site is detected. With glucose sensitive site disappears as rabbits age, with a time course which is comparable to that of the disappearance of the cytochalasin B-sensitive glucose carrier function. The cytochalasin E-sensitive cytochalasin B binding site does not increase during this change, thus the disappearance of the glucose-sensitive site is not due to its conversion to a cytochalasin E-sensitive site. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of rabbit erythrocyte ghosts revealed a partial decrease in each of the membrane polypeptides of approximate molecular weights of 240 000, 160 000 and 50 000 as rabbits aged. It is concluded that the cytochalasin B-sensitive glucose carrier of fetal rabbit erythrocytes, like that of the human erythrocyte, is tightly associated with the site I cytochalasin B binding protein, while the cytochalasin B-insensitive glucose carrier, operative in adult rabbit erythrocytes, is not. PMID- 7370243 TI - Is inosine the physiological energy source of pig erythrocytes? AB - Pig erythrocytes are unable to metabolize glucose and their physiological energy source is unknown. These cells have a high-capacity nucleoside transport system with similar properties to that responsible for nucleoside transport in other species. Nucleoside transport is sufficiently rapid to allow the possibility that inosine and/or adenosine may represent major energy substrates for pig erythrocytes in vivo. Normal and adenosine deaminase-deficient pig erythrocytes have similar ATP levels, suggesting that adenosine is not important in this respect. However, it was calculated that an extracellular inosine concentration of only 40 nM could support the cells' entire energy requirement, a value 40-fold lower than plasma levels of this nucleoside. PMID- 7370244 TI - Lipid phase states influence glycophorin reconstitution. AB - Reconstitution of glycophorin into dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin vesicles was sub-maximal below the phase transition temperatures of these lipids. Reconstitution of glycophorin into diisostearoyl phosphatidylcholine and dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes was maximal within a range of temperatures below the phase transition temperatures of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin but above the phase transition temperatures of diisostearoyl phosphatidylcholine and dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine. These findings indicate a greater tendency for reconstitution of glycophorin into fluid as opposed to solid lipid phases. PMID- 7370245 TI - Transbilayer mapping of membrane proteins using membranes isolated on polylysine coated polyacrylamide beads. AB - Erythrocyte and HeLa cell plasma membranes were isolated on polylysine-coated polyacrylamide beads and the transbilayer disposition of their proteins was investigated. When membranes of intact erythrocytes were isolated on beads and then labelled by lactoperoxidase-catalysed iodination, their labelling pattern was similar to that of inside-out vesicles in solution. When the membranes of intact HeLa cells were isolated on beads and then labelled by galactose oxidase [3H]borohydride treatment, no glycoprotein or glycolipid sugars were accessible. On the other hand, when the HeLa cell membranes were isolated on beads and then labelled by the lactoperoxidase-catalysed iodination, all of the major membrane proteins were iodinated. These experiments confirmed for HeLa cell membranes what had previously been shown for erythrocyte membranes: when the membranes of intact cells are isolated on beads, the accessibility of their surfaces to enzymatic probes is the same as would be expected of inside-out vesicles in suspension. Double-label experiments, in which the HeLa cell membranes were labelled first on the intact HeLa cells and again after isolation on beads, identified several proteins which may span the membrane. PMID- 7370246 TI - Kinetic investigations on the phase transition of phospholipid bilayers. AB - Pressure-jump experiments were performed on vesicles and liposomes of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine following the time course of solution turbidity. For both lipids two relaxation effects were evaluated the time constants of which exhibit clear maxima at the mid-point of the phase transition. The time constants lie for vesicles in the 100 microseconds and 1 ms ranges and for liposomes in the 1 ms and 10 ms ranges. The processes are slightly faster for dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine than for dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. All relaxation times are concentration-independent. The time constant and amplitude behaviours indicate that all processes are cooperative in agreement with previous interpretations. It is demonstrated that cooperative units can be evaluated from the relaxation amplitudes. These are of the same order of magnitude as those obtained from static experiments. On the grounds of the present kinetic investigation we can state that the application of the linear Ising model to two-dimensional processes as attempted for the static lipid phase transition is inadequate. PMID- 7370248 TI - Formation of micelles and membrane action of the local anesthetic tetracaine hydrochloride. AB - The formation of micelles of the local anesthetic tetracaine hydrochloride in aqueous phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.5 and ionic strength (I) 0.10 was examined at 22 degrees C by surface tension and using the fluorescent indicators perylene (peri-dinaphthalene) and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt (ANS). The critical micelle concentration was located at 0.069, 0.071 and 0.063 M by measurements of surface tension, perylene solubilization and enhancement of ANS fluorescence, respectively. In contrast to other cationic surfactants, the anesthetic monomer did not show evidence of forming a fluorescent molecular complex with ANS under the experimental conditions of this study. The formation of micelles by tetracaine-HCl showed a pronounced effect on lipid membranes by inducing an abrupt decrease in the scattered light of egg lecithin liposomes at an anesthetic concentration roughly similar to its critical micelle concentration. This optical behaviour is characteristic of liposome damage and can be interpreted to mean that the lipids become solubilized into tetracaine-HCl micelles. The ability of this local anesthetic to form micelles can be taken as a manifestation of the same hydrophobic forces that lead to partitioning of the drug into membranes. PMID- 7370249 TI - Large vesicle contamination in small, unilamellar vesicles. AB - Small, unilamellar phospholipid vesicles have been prepared using a new, high powdered cup sonifier that avoids contact of the sample with a titanium probe. These vesicles have been characterized by gel filtration chromatography both before and after fractionation by high-speed centrifugation. Plots of the turbidity of centrifuged vesicles between 300 and 650 nm against the reciprocal fourth power of the scattering wavelength were linear with zero intercepts (extrapolated to infinite wavelength). In the presence of minute quantities of large, multilamellar vesicles, these plots remained linear but had intercepts quantitatively proportional to the amount of contaminating large vesicles. Since this measurement requires only a standard spectrophotometer and very small quantities of lipid, this method is suggested as a useful assay for determining contamination of small vesicle preparations by large vesicles. Two applications of this method as well as a practical limitation are discussed. PMID- 7370247 TI - Fluorescent probe studies of mixed micelles of phospholipids and bile salts. Effect of cholesterol incorporation. AB - The binding of the fluorescent alkylamines, N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-dimethyl-amino-1 naphthalene sulfonamide, N-(5-aminopentyl)-5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalene sulfonamide (dansyl cadaverine) and N-(10-aminodecyl)-5-dimethylamino-1 napthalene sulfonamide with phospholipid and phospholipid-deoxycholate micelles, has been shown to increase with the length of the alkyl spacer chain. The probes bind more effectively to micelles containing unsaturated phospholipids and do not interact strongly with bile salt solutions at low concentrations. Cholesterol incorporation into mixed micelles results in a quenching of probe fluorescence due to displacement of probe molecules. The enhanced rigidity of the mixed micelles on solubilizing cholesterol is established by a decrease in pyrene excimer fluorescence and by the less effective perturbation of the micellar structure by 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate. The anionic probe 1-anilino-8 naphthalene sulfonate is also displaced from the mixed micelles when cholesterol is incorporated, suggesting a dominant role for packing and hydrophobic effects in binding both positively and negatively charged probes. PMID- 7370250 TI - Lipid and protein composition and thermotropic lipid phase transitions in fatty acid-homogeneous membranes of Acholeplasma laidlawii B. AB - The membrane composition and lipid physical properties have been systematically investigated as a function of fatty acid composition for a series of Acholeplasma laidlawii B membrane preparations made homogeneous in various fatty acids by growing cells on single fatty acids and avidin, a potent fatty acid synthetic inhibitor. The membrane protein molecular weight distribution is essentially constant as a function of fatty acid composition, but the lipid/protein ratio varies over a 2-fold range when different fatty acid growth supplements are used. The membrane lipid head-group composition varies somewhat under these conditions, particularly in the ratio of the two major neutral glycolipids. Differential thermal analytical investigations of the thermotropic phase transitions of various combinations of membrane components suggest that these compositional changes are unlikely to result in qualitative changes in the nature of lipid protein or lipid-lipid interactions, although lesser changes of a quantitative nature probably do occur. The total lipids of membranes made homogeneous in their lipid fatty acyl chain composition exhibit sharper than normal gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transitions of which midpoint temperatures correlate very well with the phase transition temperatures of synthetic hydrated phosphatidylcholines with like acyl chains. Our results indicate that using avidin and suitable fatty acids to grow A. laidlawii B, it is possible to manipulate the position and the sharpness of the membrane lipid phase transition widely and independently without causing major modifications in other aspects of the membrane composition. This fact makes the fatty acid-homogeneous A. laidlawii B membrane a very useful biological membrane preparation in which to study lipid physical properties and their functional consequences. PMID- 7370251 TI - t-Butyl hydroperoxide-induced changes in the physicochemical properties of human erythrocytes. AB - Treatment of human erythrocytes with micromolar concentrations of t-butyl hydroperoxide causes a variety of changes in the physical properties of the cells. Red cells exposed to concentrations of t-butyl hydroperoxide of less than 750 microM for 15 min exhibited significant decreases in cellular and membrane deformability, increases in membrane-associated protein cross-linking, osmotic fragility and the viscosity of the intracellular hemoglobin solution. No changes in the volume or density of the cells were observed. Changes in cellular deformability are probably attributable solely to changes in the mechanical properties of the cell membrane. Conversely, when red cells are exposed to t butyl hydroperoxide concentrations in excess of 750 microM for 15 min they exhibited decreases in cellular deformability which may be related to increases in cell volume as well as membrane rigidity. PMID- 7370252 TI - Covalent labelling of specific membrane carbohydrate residues with fluorescent probes. AB - Two new fluorescent labelling techniques are described: one specific for sialic acid residues and a second specific for galactose and some of its derivatives. Using either technique it is possible to label covalently the desired carbohydrate residue with any one of a large variety of fluorescent probes. When the sialic acid labelling procedure is applied to human erythrocyte membranes, only the glycophorin species are labelled. However, when the galactose-directed labelling scheme is applied, fluorescence is also observed on membrane lipid components and on band 3. For each technique, the fluorescent labelling pattern is shown to reflect the distribution of the respective sugar component on the erythrocyte membrane. Thus, these techniques should provide both selectivity and versatility in the fluorescent labelling of specific carbohydrate residues in highly heterogeneous biological systems. PMID- 7370253 TI - Oxidoreductase activities of chromaffin granule ghosts isolated from the bovine adrenal medulla. AB - 1. Based on estimated s-values of subpopulations of bovine adrenal chromaffin granules (Bodtker-Naess, V., Slinde, E., Terland, O. and Flatmark, T. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 541, 124--134) a new large-scale procedure is described for the isolation of the total population of chromaffin granules by differential centrifugation in 0.25 M sucrose. 2. Using the total population of chromaffin granules obtained by differential centrifugation, final purification was achieved by density-gradient centrifugation in either sucrose or Percoll-sucrose. In either case, the isolated granule fractions were contaminated with mitochondria to about the same degree. 3. Chromaffin granule ghosts, obtained by hypoosmotic lysis of granules isolated by sucrose density-gradient, centrifugation, were subjected to centrifugation on a discontinuous density gradient (buffer/0.9 M sucrose). By this procedure a substantial purification of the ghosts was achieved as determined from measurements of protein and various marker enzymes. 4. In contrast to preparations of chromaffin granule ghosts prepared by previous standard procedures, those purified by gradient centrifugation (on 0.9 M sucrose) did not reveal any NADH-linked cytochrome b-561 reductase activity. However, experimental evidence is presented for the existence of an intrinsic NADH oxidizing enzyme system in the granule membrane. 5. No significant difference was observed in the specific content of cytochrome b.561 and NADH:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activities between ghost preparations obtained from populations of heavy and light chromaffin granules. 6. The functional significance of cytochrome b-561 and the NADH:(acceptor) oxidoreductase activities of the granule membrane remains to be determined. PMID- 7370255 TI - Effects of vanadate in cultured rat heart muscle cells. Vanadate transport, intracellular binding and vanadate-induced changes in beating and in active cation flux. AB - Cultured rat heart muscle cells have been used to study uptake and intracellular binding of Na483VO4 (vanadate), as well as the influence of vanadate on beating and 86Rb+ uptake of these cells. 1. Vanadate is taken up into cultured rat heart muscle cells in an energy-independent manner by a saturable transport system (Km approximately 60 microM, V approximately 200 pmol per mg protein per min at 37 degrees C). Analysis of intracellular binding of vanadate reveals a curved Scatchard plot indicating more than one binding site. Maximal binding amounts to 3 . 10(9) molecules of vanadate per cell. 2. Vanadate exerts a positive chronotropic and inotropic effect and increases automaticity. First effects can be seen at 1 . 10(-7) M Na3VO4. Concentrations higher than 1. 10(-3) M induce toxic effects (arrhythmias, fibrillation and stand-still of the cell). 3. Vanadate-induced alterations of beating is paralleled by a vanadate-induced stimulation of (86Rb+ + K+) uptake into the cells of up to 75%. Maximal stimulation is obtained at concentrations of 1 . 10(-4)--1 . 10(-3) M vanadate. The stimulation is thought to be due to an increased activity of (Na+ + K+) ATPase, since it can be inhibited by ouabain. This result is in contrast to in vitro experiments with purified membrane preparations of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase of different organs, where an inhibition of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase by vanadate has been found. 4. The results indicate a possible role of vanadate as an endogenous regulator of active cation flux in heart tissue. PMID- 7370254 TI - The effect of iodination on the haemolytic property and the fatty acids of Newcastle disease virus. AB - Treatment of Newcastle disease virus with iodine inhibits haemolysis and infectivity, but has no effect on haemagglutination. This is shown to be concurrent with the incorporation of iodine in the hydrocarbon chain of fatty acyl residues of the viral membrane lipid. It is concluded that iodine incorporation, by reducing membrane fluidity, is responsible for these biological phenomena. PMID- 7370256 TI - Inhibition by dexamethasone of the in vitro transport of 3-O-methylglucose into rat thymocytes. AB - Reduced glucose transport across the plasma membrane and reduced phosphorylation may both be responsible for the early inhibitory effect of physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids on glucose uptake by rat thymocytes. The early inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids (5 . 10(-7) M dexamethasone) on glucose consumption and 14CO2 formation from D-[U-14C]glucose were reproduced. The total uptake curve of 4.8 microM 3-O-[14C]methyl-D-glucose was biexponential with t 1/2 of 1.1 min and 36 min, respectively, the rapid part comprising about 50% of the equilibrated intracellular water space. The latency of the effect of 5 . 10(-7) M dexamethasone on 3-O-[14C]methyl-D-glucose uptake ranged from 15 to 100 min and the inhibition varied from 15 to 55% independently of the lag period. The effect of 3-O-methylglucose concentration on the initial uptake by steroid-responsive cell preparations was tested after 45 min of preincubation with or without 5 . 10(-7) M dexamethaone. In 12 experiments dexamethasone reduced V from 1.36 +/- 0.16 mmol . min-1 . l-1 cell water to 0.81 +/- 0.10 mmol . min-1 . l-1 cell water with insignificant change of Km (6.0 mM versus 5.9 mM). Dexamethasone had similar effect after 90 or 120 min. The variabilities of control cell transport capacity, the lag period and the magnitude of the dexamethasone effect could not be accounted for by changes in pH, effects of cell density, concentrations of albumin, ethanol, nucleosides, pyruvate or correlated to age and sex of the rats. In conclusion the inhibition of glucocorticoids on glucose consumption by thymocytes appears to be an inhibited plasma membrane transport capacity. PMID- 7370257 TI - Transport of sugars and amino acids across guinea pig small intestine. AB - Using guinea pig small intestine for measurements of influx across the brush border membrane (Jmc), unidirectional transmural fluxes (Jms,Jsm), and steady state epithelial uptake [A]c, the characteristics of the mutual inhibition were examined. The mutual inhibition of Jmc was in the range of 9--16%, and appeared to be sodium dependent, Jms and [A]c were inhibited by at least 40%, and Jsm was unaffected. All the results can be explained in terms of therheogenic version of the sodium gradient hypothesis. Whereas only the mutual inhibition of Jmc can also be explained in terms of allosteric interactions between the binding sites for sugars and amino acids. PMID- 7370258 TI - Serum-induced leakage of liposome contents. AB - Efflux of contents from small unilamellar vesicles of various compositions, conaining a highly quenched fluorescent compound (calcein, 175 mM) was determined as a function of temperature in the presence and absence of human serum. Efflux of calcein from the liposomes was monitored as an increase in fluorescence as calcein became dequenched upon release from the liposomes. The presence of serum significantly increased liposome leakage in all cases. Incorporation of increasing molar ratios of cholesterol into liposomes reduced leakage of calcein from liposomes incubated with buffer and with serum. Leakage was significantly faster from liposomes with an osmotic gradient across the membrane (higher inside) than from equiosmolar liposomes. The leakage of [14C]sucrose from egg lecithin liposomes at 37 degrees C was also dramatically increased in the presence of serum. PMID- 7370261 TI - Collagen synthesis and turnover following particle phagocytosis in dermal fibroblasts. AB - Dermal fibroblast collagens were isolated after cold pepsin/acetic acid extraction and characterized by differentiated salt precipitation, agarose molecular sieve chromatography, CM-cellulose chromatography, and identification of cyanogen bromide cleavage peptides. Subsequent to particle phagocytosis, collagens recovered as secretory products from latex-treated cells were quantitatively less in total collagen and deficient in type III collagen. Although the total levels of hydroxyproline synthesized were similar to control cell populations, hydroxyproline recovered as non-dialyzable material was only 32% of the total hydroxyproline synthesize. Recovery of exogenous labeled collagen following dialysis, molecular sieve chromatography (Bio-Gel A-5m), and [14C]proline pulse-chase labeling of endogenous collagen, indicates that the alteration in types and quantities of recoverable collagen chains are primarily the result of rapid intracellular turnover. PMID- 7370259 TI - Iron requirement for isolated rat liver mitochondrial protein synthesis. AB - Isolated rat liver mitochondrial protein synthesis was severly inhibited by alpha, alpha-dipyridyl (a ferrous iron-chelating agent), chloramphenicol and hemin (10(-7) M or greater). In contrast, gamma, gamma-dipyridyl (a non-iron chelating analogue of alpha, alpha-dipyridyl), cycloheximide and lower concentrations of hemin were non-inhibitory. The inhibitory action of alpha, alpha-dipyridyl was reversed by addition of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2 while ZnCl2, CuCl2 and CoCl2 were ineffective. Hemin, however, did not protect against the alpha, alpha dipyridyl inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis. These results indicate that ferrous iron is required for mitochondrial protein synthesis and suggests that it is through a mechanism independent of hemin concentration. PMID- 7370262 TI - Conformational analysis of nucleoside and nucleotide antibiotics prossessing five membered base rings. A comparison of the glycosyl barrier for purine, pyrimidine and imidazole rings. AB - The preferred conformations of the nucleosides comprising five-membered base rings viz., ribavirin, tetrazole, showdomycin and pyrazomycin and their 5' nucleoside monophosphates have been explored by semiempirical potential energy calculations. The nature of the substituents on the five-membered base ring has been found to influence significantly the favoured glycosyl conformation and the hydrogen bonding between the base and the sugar. In the absence of any such hydrogen bonding, the imidazole nucleosides expectedly exhibit nearly 'free' rotation around the glycosyl bond for the commonly found C(3') endo and C(2') endo sugar ring conformations, thus increasing the probability of anti in equilibrium high-anti in equilibrium syn conformational interconversions as compared to common purine and pyrimidine nucleosides. However, the C(2') exo pucker imparts a high-energy barrier to glycosyl rotation, locking the base in the high-anti region. The conformation behaviour is significantly modified in the nucleoside 5'-monophosphates. The additional attractive interactions between the carboxamide and the phosphate groups favour the syn glycosyl conformation in the 5'-monophosphates of ribavirin as well as pyrazomycin smaller to guanosine 5' monophosphate whereas the anti conformation is strongly favoured for the 5' nucleotides of tetrazole and showdomycin similar to other common purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. The conformational properties of five-membered base ring nucleosides have a strong resemblance to purine nucleosides. Molecular modelling studies reveal that only the anti or high anti-glycosyl conformations of ribavirin can mimic the inosine base. It is suggested that experiments on the configurational isomers of ribavirin, viz., aravirin and cycloaravirin would conclusively establish the conformational specificity and biological function of ribavirin and analogues. PMID- 7370260 TI - Collagen biosynthesis by human skin fibroblasts. I. Optimization of the culture conditions for synthesis of type I and type III procollagens. AB - Skin fibroblasts in culture can provide a convenient means to study aberrations of collagen metabolism in a variety of clinical conditions. In the present study, the culture conditions for the synthesis of procollagen by cultured human skin fibroblasts were optimized by independently varying parameters in the cell culture environment. To study the synthesis of procollagen the cell cultures were labeled with [3H]proline and the collagenous polypeptides were determined either by measuring the synthesis of hydroxy[3H]proline or by assaying the 3H-labeled proteins digested into dialyzable 3H-labeled peptides by bacterial collagenase. On the basis of the experimental results, the following culture conditions are suggested for optimal synthesis of procollagen: (a) cell culture medium should be supplemented with ascorbic acid (25--50 micrograms/ml) and fetal calf serum (20%); (b) the pH of the culture medium should be kept above 7.2 and preferably in the pH range 7.5--7.8; (c) the cell cultures should be used one to two days after reaching visual confluency. Under these conditions the synthesis and secretion of [3H]procollagen was found to be linear through a 24 h incubation period, and procollagen was demonstrated to be a major gene product of the fibroblasts. The relative synthesis of type I and type III procollagens was also monitored by isolating these genetically distinct procollagens by DEAE-cellulose chromatography or by measuring type I and III collagens by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after limited pepsin proteolysis. No marked changes were observed in type I/III procollagen ratios in situations where the total formation of hydroxy[3H]proline was significantly affected. The average coefficient of variance for procollagen synthesis between replicate cultures was found to be relatively small (14%), and the optimization of the culture conditions for the control cells has, therefore, created a reliable and reproducible basis for employing human skin fibroblasts to study collagen metabolism in acquired and inherited diseases. PMID- 7370263 TI - Replicative DNA synthesis and unscheduled DNA synthesis in permeable sarcoma cells studied by nuclease digestion. AB - About 20% of DNA replicated in vitro in permeable mouse ascites sarcoma cells showed higher sensitivity to staphylococcal nuclease than the sensitivity of bulk DNA, and the remaining part showed the same nuclease sensitivity as that of parental chromatin DNA. The sensitivity of DNA replicated in permeable cells was higher than that of DNA newly replicated in vivo in intact cells, and close to that of DNA newly replicated in vivo in the presence of cycloheximide. Bleomycin induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in permeable cells was highly sensitive to the nuclease. The results suggest that DNA replicated in vitro and parental nuclear protein form immature nucleosomes, probably in the same way as in vivo chromatin replication in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors. It also appears that bleomycin-induced, unscheduled DNA synthesis occurs largely in the internucleosomal region. PMID- 7370264 TI - Characterization of a non-histone chromosomal protein which stimulates RNA polymerase II. AB - A non-histone chromosomal protein was extracted and purified 177-fold from rat liver nuclei which stimulated RNA synthesis in vitro catalyzed by wheat germ RNA polymerase II with either liver chromatin, or native or denaturated calf thymus DNA as template. The stimulatory non-histone chromosomal protein fraction was characterized as having a molecular weight of 66 000 and a pI = 8.2--9.0. No activity was found with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and liver chromatin. The binding of the stimulatory non-histone chromosomal protein occurred exclusively with the chromatin template and not with RNA polymerase II as assessed by its interference with actinomycin D but not with alpha-amanitin, respectively. PMID- 7370265 TI - Enzymatic hypermethylation of DNA in mouse-mouse somatic cell hybrids. AB - Somatic cell hybrids between mouse L fibroblasts (A9 cells) and Ehrlich ascites tumour cells were constructed by use of poly(ethyleneglycol). The hybrids were selected in hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine medium and morphologically different syncaryons were isolated by a micromanipulation. They were simultaneously analysed for their tumourogeneity, a release of certain proteins into the culture medium, the activity of pyrimidine salvage pathways, and the extent of enzymatic DNA methylation. None of these hybrids gave a rise of tumours if transplanted into DBA/2 mice. Two of the hybrids released a protein immunologically cross-reacting with antibody against C-peptide of human proinsulin. Activities of pyrimidine salvage pathways as measured by incorporation of [14C]deoxycytidine into DNA cytosine and thymine, respectively, are different in the analyzed cells. Enzymatic DNA methylation in somatic cell hybrids was significantly elevated as compared to the parental cell lines. PMID- 7370266 TI - The interaction of daunorubicin and doxorubicin with DNA and chromatin. AB - Isotherms that describe the binding of anthracycline antibiotics (including daunorubicin and doxorubicin (adriamycin)) to calf thymus DNA and chromatin have been obtained by means of fluorescence measurements. As expected for charged ligands, the association constants for the interaction of all drugs examined with DNA were found to be dependent on the ionic strength. However, in the case of the daunorubicin-DNA interaction, a marked decrease in the number of binding sites was also observed when the ionic strength was increased. It is suggested that the effect of salt concentration on the number of potential binding sites of daunorubicin molecules to DNA may be the result of some salt-induced alterations in the DNA conformation. This interpretation is also supported by binding data obtained with calf thymus chromatin; Whereas at low salt concentration the binding parameters for the doxorubicin-chromatin interaction are similar to those expected by neutralization of the phosphate groups by histones, modifications of the DNA structure in chromatin are invoked to account for the reduction and heterogeneity of daunorubicin binding sites. The side chain at C-9 could play an important role in determining the strength and specificity of the anthracycline DNA interaction. PMID- 7370267 TI - Persistent cytoplasmic location of a DNA polymerase beta in sea urchins during development. AB - A subcellular localization study of a low molecular weight DNA polymerase beta indicates that this enzyme, as well as a high molecular weight DNA polymerase alpha, is found in large quantities in the cytoplasm of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs. The two enzyme activities are distinguished by DEAE-sievorptive chromatography and by their differential activities with activated DNA and oligo(dT)10 . poly(dA)200 primer-templates. Using an enucleation procedure, it is concluded that an extremely low proportion if any, of both polymerases is present in the egg nucleus. At blastula stage, a period of rapid cell proliferation, similar studies of DNA polymerase subcellular localization using two different methods of nuclear isolation indicate that the DNA polymerase beta remains largely cytoplasmic while the alpha enzyme is found to be predominantly nuclear. Since the results for the alpha enzyme agree with previous reports (Loeb, L.A. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 1672) and since one method of nuclear isolation, using hypotonic solutions, enables us to recover both DNA polymerase alpha and beta activities in isolated mouse L-cell nuclei, the enzyme quantitation of isolated sea urchin nuclei is considered accurate. Thus, although there is a translocation of the polymerase alpha from a cytoplasmic to nuclear site during early embryonic development, such a massive relocalization of the polymerase beta does not occur. PMID- 7370268 TI - Effect of cycloheximide on the in vivo and in vitro synthesis of ribosomal RNA in rat liver. AB - The action of low (5 mg/kg body wt;) and high (20 mg/kg body wt.) doses of cycloheximide, both causing a rapid and almost complete inhibition of protein synthesis in rat liver is investigated. Short-term (15 min) [14C]orotate incorporation into nucleolar rRNA in vivo is inhibited only by the high dose acting for periods longer than 1 h. The effect may be correlated with a strongly reduced labelling of the cellular pool of free uridine nucleotides. These results indicate that in vivo transcription of rRNA genes may not be under stringent control. The activity of template-bound RNA polymerase A in nuclei isolated from animals treated with both doses of cycloheximide is reduced within 1 h to about 50% of controls reaching nearly plateau levels at longer times of action of the drug. The differential effect of cycloheximide inhibition of protein synthesis on in vivo and in vitro rRNA synthesis suggests the existence of elongation control protein(s) characterized by a rapid turnover and a loose association with the nucleus. PMID- 7370269 TI - Chromatin-associated RNA: differential extraction and characterization. AB - Mammalian cells in different states of cytodifferentiation exhibited different RNA-synthesizing and processing patterns that could be used as markers for phenotypic variability. Inherent in these patterns was an RNA class which was differentially extracted from the cellular homogenate by elevating the temperature and pH of the buffer used in the phenol procedure. This class of RNA was initially designated fraction B (chromatin-associated RNA). In the characterization of fraction B, human myeloma cells labeled for 3 and 24 h were fractionated into subcytoplasmic and subnuclear components and the [3H]-RNA was differentially extracted. After 3 and 24 h labeling 84% and 73%, respectively, of the labeled RNA in the chromatin was extracted in fraction B. Only 10-20% of the polysomal RNA was extracted in fraction B with little enrichment in poly(A) RNA. These and other observations suggested that fraction B was a subpopulation of heterogeneous nuclear RNA which was tightly bound to the chromatin complex. PMID- 7370270 TI - Photophysical properties of aminoethylpsoralen in presence and absence of DNA. AB - Some properties of the first triplet and singlet excited states of 4'-aminomethyl 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen have been determined by laser flash photolysis and spectrofluorimetry. In water the lowest triplet has an intrinsic lifetime of 100 microseconds and is quenched by the molecule in its ground state with a rate constant kQ = 10(9) M-1 . s-1 and by thymine with a rate cconstant kq = 2 . 10(8) M-1 . x-1. Addition of 0.5 mg/ml of calf thymus DNA causes the disappearance of the aminomethylpsoralen triplet absorption immediately after the laser flash excitation and extinguishes the fluorescence emission of a 6 . 10(-5) M solution of aminomethylpsoralen. These experiments show that the first singlet excited state which is rapidly deactivated in the presence of DNA could be the precursor of the first pyrimidine photoadduct. PMID- 7370271 TI - Temperature and pH effects on immobilized lactate dehydrogenase kinetics. AB - Rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) was attached covalently to the inner surface of nylon tubing, and kinetic measurements made. The results were interpreted on the basis of the Kobayashi-Laidler treatment of immobilized enzymes in flow systems, various tests being applied to determine the degree of diffusion control. It was established in various ways that the degree of diffusion control increases with (a) decrease in flow rate, (b) decrease in substrate concentration, and (c) decrease in temperature. A number of quantitative relationships, predicted by the theory, were obeyed by the results, for example: (a) Km(app) varies linearly with vf-1/3, where vf is the flow rate, (b) the logarithm of the product concentration at the exit varies linearly with the logarithm of the flow rate, and (c) absolute calculations of product concentrations are in reasonable agreement with experiment. A value of 5 kcal . mol-1 is estimated for the activation energy of the diffusion processes, and of 1 kcal . mol-1 for the chemical processes. When the pH is varied the rates pass through a flat maximum, the pH dependence being less than with the free enzyme. PMID- 7370272 TI - Electrochemical study of reactions at interfaces of glucose oxidase collagen membranes. AB - The operational behaviour of enzyme collagen membranes with surface-bound glucose oxidase has been studied by simultaneously recording the current outputs of two platinum anodes: whereas the first one was close to the enzymatic membrane, the second was placed into the bulk solution. Steady-state responses of both electrodes were measured when either glucose or hydrogen peroxide were added to the stirred buffer solution. They were used to determine the hydrogen peroxide fluxes, v1 (toward the first electrode) and v2 (towards the bulk phase). The glucose concentration and temperature dependence of v1 and v2 have been studied and the importance of diffusional limitations on the overall reaction rates were determined. Comparison of freely stirred and mounted enzymatic membrane enabled us to determine an equivalent working area at high glucose concentration. PMID- 7370273 TI - Characterization of a NADH:flavin oxidoreductase induced by cholic acid in a 7 alpha-dehydroxylating intestinal Eubacterium species. AB - A NADH:flavin oxidoreductase was partially purified (seven-fold) from an intestinal Eubacterium species V.P.I. 12708 using Bio-Gel A 0.5-M and DEAE cellulose column chromatography. Enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically at 340 nm under anaerobic conditions. A molecular weight of 260 000 was estimated by gel filtration chromatography. The partially purified enzyme preparation exhibited single displacement kinetics with respect to the substrates NADH and FAD. The pH optimum under these conditions was 6.8. NADH:flavin oxidoreductase showed an absolute specificity for NADH as electron donor. However, methylene blue, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, K3Fe(CN)6, menadione, riboflavin, FMN and molecular oxygen served as alternate electron acceptors with varying degrees of efficiency. Acriflavin, rotenone, o phenanthroline, p-chloromercuribenzoate, dicoumarol and 2,4-dinitrophenol inhibited enzyme activity. Surprisingly, 0.1 mM cholic acid, but not 0.1 mM deoxycholic acid, rapidly induced NADH:flavin oxidoreductase activity in growing cultures. PMID- 7370274 TI - Dihydropteridine reductase and tetrahydropterin in Crithidia fasciculata cells. AB - Dihydropteridine reductase was found in extracts of Crithidia fasciculata and was demonstrated by the fact that the enzyme required both quinonoid-dihydropterin and NADH as substrates. 7,8-Dihydropterin and dihydrofolate failed to serve as substrates; tetrahydropterin was formed as the reaction product. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 55 000 by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. NADH was more effective than NADPH as substrate for the enzyme. Tetrahydropterin (1.35 nmol tetrahydrobiopterin equivalents/g cells) was also detected in C. fasciculata. PMID- 7370275 TI - Chitinase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from the digestive fluid of the spider, Cupiennius salei. PMID- 7370276 TI - The common identity of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase, nitrocatechol sulfatase (arylsulfatase), and chondroitin 4-sulfatase. AB - Evidence is presented indicating that three sulfatase activities towards UDP-N acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate, nitrocatechol sulfate, and chondroitin 4-sulfate are functions of the same hen oviduct enzyme. Using chondroitin [35S]sulfate from chick embryo cartilage, it is shown that hydrolysis of ester sulfate by this enzyme is limited to 4-sulfate groups occurring in the non-reducing terminal N acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate and N-acetylgalactosamine 4,6-bissulfate residues. PMID- 7370277 TI - Modification of the carboxypeptidase A active site residue Glu-270 prevents interaction with a protein protease inhibitor from Ascaris. AB - The involvement of two active site residues of carboxypeptidase A in binding a protein inhibitor from Ascaris was studied. Glu-270 was modified with N-ethyl-5 phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate and Tyr-248 was modified with tetranitromethane or diazotized arsanilic acid. Modification of Glu-270 abolished protein inhibitor binding and Glu-270 was protected from modification when the enzyme was bound to the protein inhibitor. In contrast, modification of Tyr-248 did not abolish protein inhibitor binding, nor did such binding protect Tyr-248 from modification. The absorption isosbestic point of arsanilazocarboxypeptidase A (Tyr-248 chemically modified) underwent a blue shift from 428 to 416 nm when the modified enzyme was bound to the protein inhibitor between pH 7.7 and 9.0. The 416 nm isosbestic point is characteristic of the loss of interaction between modified Tyr-248 and the active site zinc ion. These results with a protein inhibitor can be compared to substrate catalysis in which Tyr-248 moves away from the active site zinc ion of carboxypeptidase A when substrate binds. The close association of Glu-270 with Ascaris inhibitor interaction is consistent with other results which show that of the active site residues, only the modification of Glu-270 completely abolishes catalysis. PMID- 7370278 TI - The esterolytic specificity of bovine thrombin and Factor Xa. AB - Steady state kinetics are compared for the hydrolysis of t-butoxycarbonyl-L lysine methyl ester and several peptidyl lysine methyl esters catalysed by bovine thrombin and Factor Xa. Thrombin-catalysed reactions have lower Km values and higher kcat/Km values than do reactions catalysed by Factor Xa. Values of kcat are comparable and do not show any particular trend. The best substrate in the present series was t-butoxycarbonylglycylglycyl-L-lysine methyl ester. Thrombin and Factor Xa may possess a hydrophobic region near the P2 binding site which is unfavourable for either asparagine or D-alanine but which readily accommodates glycine, L-alanine or L-phenylalanine. The major improvement in Factor Xa hydrolysis occurred with the occupation of the P2 site by an amino residue while for thrombin the major improvement occurred with the occupation of the P3 site. PMID- 7370279 TI - The hydrolysis of chemically modified proteins by Factor Xa and thrombin. AB - Bovine thrombin and Factor Xa were shown to hydrolyse slowly several chemically modified proteins. Both enzymes hydrolyse the proteins at trypsin-susceptible bonds, with arginine, lysine or the synthetically generated S-(beta aminoethyl)cysteine at the P1 position. Both enzymes, however, cleave at far fewer sites than trypsin. The presence of highly polar groups in the P2 position appears to hinder hydrolysis by Factor Xa or thrombin. The presence of hydrophobic or neutral amino acids around this site may make the site more susceptible to hydrolysis. Differences in the hydrolysis patterns between thrombin and Factor Xa are observed. PMID- 7370281 TI - Binding of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide to rabbit muscle aldolase. AB - A direct interaction of rabbit muscle fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase with NAD+, NADH, and NAD-agarose was demonstrated. The electrostatic forces are primary involved in this interaction. Two specific binding sites for the dinucleotide were observed. One of them is located at the active site of the enzyme, the second is in a region of weak binding site for ATP and fructose 1,6 bisphosphate. PMID- 7370280 TI - Catalytic properties and electrostatic potential of charged immobilized enzyme derivatives. Pyruvate decarboxylase attached to cationic polystyrene beads of different charge densities. AB - Pyruvate decarboxylase has been covalently attached to positively charged macroporous polystyrene resins. The changes in the functional behaviour of the enzyme resulting from the electrostatic interaction of the cationic carrier polymer and the anionic substrate have been studied as function of the fixed charge concentration of the carrier. The findings confirm the connection of two widely used theoretical expressions relating electrostatic parameters with Michaelis constants. PMID- 7370282 TI - Haemoprotein- and transition metal ion-catalysed oxidation of linoleic acid. Selectivity of the position of oxygenation. AB - Oxidation of linoleic acid in aqueous buffers favoured the formation of the 13 positional isomers of hydroperoxylinoleic acid. The reaction which was catalysed by haemoproteins and Fe(II) and Cu(II) ions showed positional selectivity that was similar to lipoxygenase-catalysed reactions but yielded equal proportions of both enantiomers of the hydroperoxides. There was little selectivity when methyl linoleate was used as the substrate or when linoleic acid was oxidised in organic solvents. The results indicated that positional selectivity was, at least in part, due to the conformation of the fatty acid molecule in aqueous media. Implication of the selectivity in a non-enzymic reaction is discussed especially in relation to its effect on the determination of lipoxygenase specificities. PMID- 7370283 TI - Clofibrate enhancement of mitochondrial carnitine transport system of rat liver and augmentation of liver carnitine and gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase activity by thyroxine. AB - The possibilities that the hypotriglyceridemic effect of clofibrate involves activation of carnitine-dependent oxidation of fatty acids in liver and that this may be partially mediated through thyroxine have been examined. 0.25% clofibrate in diet for 10-15 days, was found to increase carnitine 3-fold in livers of male as well as female rats. Liver carnitine was nearly doubled by L-thyroxine, 6 mg/kg of diet fed for 10 days, and so was the activity of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase. Clofibrate decreased carnitine in heart and urine; thyroxine did not affect these parameters but increased serum carnitine by 26%. Clofibrate feeding doubled the concentration of hepatic long-chain acyl(-)carnitine, mitochondrial carnitine, and the rate of mitochondrial carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase reaction, and enhanced acetoacetate production in liver homogenates as well as mitochondrial oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine in the presence of malonate. The ratio of esterified to free carnitine in urine and serum was also increased by clofibrate. These results suggest that clofibrate and thyroxine may exert their hypotriglyceridemic effect, in part, through the activation of carnitine-mediated transport of fatty acids in liver mitochondria. PMID- 7370284 TI - Measurement of the binding of colipase to a triacylglycerol substrate. AB - The binding between colipase and two triacylglycerol substrates, tributyrin and Intralipid, in the presence of bile salts have been determined quantitatively by a method based on equilibrium partition in an aqueous two-phase system. In the model proposed the triacylglycerol, in the form of spherical droplets covered with bile salt, is assumed to have a certain number of independent binding sites at the surface for colipase. The binding of colipase to tributyrin at pH 7.0 in the presence of 4 mM sodium taurodeoxycholate and 150 mM NaCl had a dissociation constant Kd = 3.3 . 10(-7) M; the concentration of binding sites was 1.2 . 10(-6) M in a 102 mM tributyrin emulsion. When tributyrin was dispersed in 1 mM and 12 mM sodium taurodeoxycholate the dissociation constant was somewhat higher, 6.3 . 10(-7) M and 6.0 . 10(-7) M, respectively. Thus the binding strength was optimal at 4 mM sodium taurodeoxycholate. At the same time the concentration of binding sites decreased from 4.1 . 10(-6) M for 1 mM sodium taurodeoxycholate to 1.4 . 10(-6) M for 12 mM sodium taurodeoxycholate. This indicated that at higher bile salt concentration the bile salt acted as non-competitive inhibitors on the binding of colipase to the substrate, thus binding to other sites than colipase to the substrate. The binding of colipase to Intralipid, an emulsion of a long chain triacylglycerol stabilized with phosphatidylcholine and glycerol, was more complex with indications of several different binding sites with different affinity. The majority of these had a dissociation constant Kd = 1.2 . 10(-6) M in the presence of 4 mM sodium taurodeoxycholate and 150 mM. With each droplet having a diameter of 10(-4) cm, the number of binding sites on each droplet was determined to 1.96 . 10(5) and the average area available for each colipase molecule to 1600 A at saturation. Colipase on denaturation has a surface of 1320 A. PMID- 7370285 TI - Factors influencing the in vitro activity of diacylglycerol acyltransferase from bovine mammary gland and liver towards butyryl-CoA and palmitoyl-CoA. AB - 1. Factors affecting the incorporation of butyrate relative to palmitate into the sn-3 position of triacylglycerol by the diacylglycerol acyltransferase from bovine mammary gland and liver was studied in vitro. 2. Butyrate incorporation from butyryl-CoA in the presence of palmitoyl-CoA was favoured by a high concentration of butyryl-CoA and by the presence of a long-chain acyl-CoA binding protein such as bovine serum albumin. 3. The relative activity of the enzyme from both tissues towards butyryl-CoA and palmitoyl-CoA was independent of the concentration of membrane-bound 1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol. 4. The significance of these results in relation to the unique presence of short-chain acids in ruminant milk triacylglycerols is discussed. PMID- 7370286 TI - Evidence of accumulation of ceramides containing [14C]nervonic acid in the rat lung following injection of [14C]erucic acid. AB - A mixture of albumin-bound [14C]erucate and [3H]oleate was injected into rats fed a stock pellet diet containing 4% by weight of lipid. Chylomicrons containing the same labelled fatty acids were also injected into rats fed diets containing 15% by weight of rapeseed oil (48% of erucic acid), canbra oil (less than 5% of erucic acid) or ground nut oil (no erucic acid). Lung lipids were analyzed at various times after injection. In all cases, except in the rapeseed oil diet group, 14C radioactivity of lung 'monoacylglycerol' was ten times higher than 3H radioactivity. More than 85% of this 14C radioactivity was found in nervonic acid (24 : 1). It was shown by TLC and GLC analysis that 85-90% of the 14C radioactivity of this fraction was in ceramides (N-acyl-4-sphingenine). Ceramides containing [14C]nervonic acid disappeared from the lung with time and their incorporation with time into sphingomyelin was also observed. The absence of accumulation of 3H and 14C (18 : 1) in ceramides showed that oleic acid was not incorporated into sphingomyelin in the same way as nervonic acid. In the rapeseed oil diet group, there was no accumulation of 14C radioactivity in ceramides and conversion of erucic acid into nervonic acid was less, and into oleic acid more, than in other diet groups indicating a possible enzyme adaptation. PMID- 7370287 TI - Manipulation of alkylglycerolipid levels in cultured cells. Fatty alcohol versus alkylglycerol supplements. AB - Ehrlich ascites cells and monolayers of L-M cell fibroblasts were grown in medium containing either long-chain fatty alcohols or alkylglycerols. The cells were then analyzed to determine the contribution of these lipid precursors to the synthesis of complex lipids for the purpose of defining the most efficient system to elevate the levels of ether phospholipids. Label from high specific activity [1-14C]hexadecanol, [1-14C]octadecanol, and [1-14C]octadecenol was incorporated into alkyl linkages (C-18 : 1 greater than C-16 : 0 greater than C-18 : 0); however, similar labeling of acyl groups occurred. Increasing the amount of hexadecanol in the growth medium resulted in a higher percentage of 14C-labeled acyl groups than alkyl linkages at all concentrations of the alcohol supplement. Supplements of rac-[1-14C]hexadecylglycerol to the growth media were assimilated into phospholipids, which significantly increased as a function of the amounts added. Mass determinations of the alkyl ether phospholipid content in L-M cells incubated for 24 h with an alkylglycerol mixture (10.8 microgram/ml) showed an approximate 70% increase over control levels; supplementation had only a slight effect on the alk-1-enyl content. The systems described will be useful for investigating biophysical and biochemical effects of alkyl ether enrichment in membranes. PMID- 7370288 TI - An aldehydophosphoglycolipid from Acholeplasma granularum. AB - A novel phosphoglycolipid and a triglucosyl diacylglycerol were found among the lipids of Acholeplasma granularum. The tentative structure of the phosphoglycolipid was determined to be a phosphotriester, [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 leads to 1)-X-glycerol-3-O-] [D-glyceraldehyde-3-O-] [1,2-diacyl-X-glycerol-3 O-kojibiosyl-6-O-]phosphate. The structure assigned to the triglucosyl lipid was beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 3)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)-alpha D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 1)-diacylglycerol. PMID- 7370289 TI - Purification and some properties of a cholesterol esterase from rat liver. AB - A cholesterol esterase operating at a slightly alkaline pH was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from rat liver cytosol. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 260 000 and is composed of four active subunits of identical molecular weight. The purified enzyme is not able to synthesize cholesteryl esters. Trihydroxy bile salts are absolutely required for the hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters and apparently convert enzyme tetramers into active monomers. They may regulate the esterase activity by maintaining a balance between enzyme monomers and polymers the synthesis of bile acids. PMID- 7370290 TI - Properties of acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase in aortic microsomes from atherosclerotic rabbits. AB - Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.26) was in microsomal fractions from atherosclerotic rabbit aortic tissue. Activity was increased over 70-fold following 8-11 weeks of cholesterol feeding. Comparison of the lipid composition of aortic microsomal fractions from control and cholesterol-fed animals showed a 2-fold increase in the molar ratio of unesterified cholesterol to phospholipid in the cholesterol-fed group, although no change in phospholipid content or composition was found. Aortic microsomes were fractionated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase was localized in fractions containing neutral alpha-glucoside activity but was clearly separated from 5'-nucleotidase activity. The cholesteryl ester formed during in vitro incubation of incubations of microsomes with either [1-14C]-oleoyl CoA or [7 3H]cholesterol was localized in the same region of the density gradient as acyl CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase. The studies indicate that the increased acyl CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase activity found in cells from aortic atherosclerotic lesions is due to both an increased amount of enzyme and to an expanded pool of microsomal cholesterol which is available for esterification. PMID- 7370291 TI - Quantitative determination of human apolipoprotein C-III by electroimmunoassay. AB - An electroimmunoassay procedure is described for the quantitative determination of human plasma apolipoprotein C-III. Purified apolipoprotein C-III was used for the preparation of monospecific antisera and as the primary standard. This sensitive, specific, rapid (time required for the completion of the assay is 5 h), precise (the within and between-assay coefficients of variation are 6 and 8%, respectively) and accurate electroimmunoassay is applicable to measurement of C III polypeptide in whole serum and density classes. However, plasma samples containing lipoproteins with Sf less than 400 and/or triacylglycerol levels greater than 700 mg/100 ml must be delipidized. Plasma apolipoprotein C-III levels of normolipidemic subjects and hypercholesterolemic (type IIa) patients were similar (10.4 +/- 3 and 12.0 +/- 6 mg/100 ml, respectively). In contrast, patients with hyperlipoproteinemic phenotypes IIb, III, IV and V had significantly increased levels of apolipoprotein C-III (22 +/- 7; 23 +/- 6, and 54 +/- 12, respectively). The levels of apo C-III in patients with type V were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than in normal or other hyperlipoproteinemic phenotypes. PMID- 7370293 TI - Suppression of cholesterol synthesis in cultured fibroblasts from a patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia by her own low density lipoprotein density fraction. A possible role of apolipoprotein E. PMID- 7370292 TI - Separation of a lipoprotein lipase cofactor from the alpha 1-acid glycoprotein fraction from the urine of nephrotic patients. PMID- 7370295 TI - Effect of adrenergic stimulation on adenylate cyclase activity in rat prostate. AB - Adrenergic stimulation of the cyclic AMP system of the prostate gland of the rat has been investigated. The observed order of potency for adrenergic agonists in stimulating prostatic adenylate cyclase activity was isoproterenol greater than epinephrine approximately or equal to salbutamol greater than norepinephrine, indicating properties characteristic of beta-2-adrenergic receptor-sensitive adenylate cyclase systems. Dopamine stimulation of the enzyme was exclusively inhibited by a dopamine antagonist, haloperidol, suggesting the presence of dopamine-sensitive receptor in the prostate gland. An initial incubation of the gland with isoproterenol or dopamine resulted in a decrease in maximal enzyme activation by catecholamine, either isoproterenol or dopamine, with no change in hormone affinity. The findings that refractoriness of beta-adrenergic and dopaminergic receptor-adenylate cyclase systems was induced by both receptor agonists suggest an interaction of an agonist-induced desensitization with another receptor or receptor-enzyme complex in the prostate gland. PMID- 7370296 TI - Toxic effect of Ricinus lectin on hepatoma cells in relation to enzyme modification of the cell surface. AB - With regard to the toxic effects of Ricinus lectin, neuraminidase-treated hepatoma cells have been found to be the most sensitive, and untreated hepatoma cells the least. Cells treated with neuraminidase and galactose oxidase exhibited an intermediate sensitivity. At 37 degrees C, the number of Ricinus lectin molecules bound to untreated, neuraminidase-treated and neuraminidase and galactose oxidase-treated cells required to being about 30% toxicity within 2 h was 15 . 10(5), 7.5 . 10(5) and 11.5 . 10(5) molecules/cell, respectively. This difference was rather small and suggests that the additional binding sites exposed following enzyme treatment were as efficient in mediating lectin toxicity as those present before enzyme treatment. Positive cooperativity was observed during Ricinus lectin binding to enzyme-treated cells at 37 degrees C and the apparent association constant increased with the increase of binding site occupancy. The binding sites on enzyme-treated cells appeared to be homogeneous since under different physical conditions (4 degrees C) the shape of the Scatchard plot could be altered in such a way as to produce a single line of slope. In contrast to enzyme-treated cells, untreated cells did not exhibit a positive cooperative process either at 37 degrees C or at 4 degrees C. We found that the toxicity of Ricinus lectin paralleled the irreversible specific binding of lectin, suggesting that only this was able to mediate the toxic effect. Our results are discussed in terms of the possible entry into the cells of Ricinus lectin and this occurs more rapidly in enzyme-treated than in untreated cells. This difference agrees with the sequence of events proposed: (i) Binding of Ricinus lectin; (ii) Clustering of lectin binding sites; and (iii) Endocytosis. PMID- 7370294 TI - Changes in tissue and serum sialyltransferase activities as related to proliferation and involution of the rat mammary gland. AB - This study, which was performed on rats, demonstrates that the changes in both mammary tissue and serum sialyltransferase activities parallel the growth of the mammary gland, as measured by the DNA content of the tissue. An increase in the specific activity of the enzyme was evident during rapid cellular proliferation, followed by a return to basal values upon cessation of growth and involution of the glands. This pattern occurred under 3 different experimental conditions: (a) pregnancy-lactation-weaning, (b) pseudopregnancy induced by stimulation of cervix, and (c) daily administration of 1 microgram estradiol and 3 mg progesterone to promote mammary development equivalent to that of late pregnancy and subsequent decay of mammary gland after withdrawal of hormonal treatment. Although it is difficult to differentiate whether the increase in tissue sialyltransferase is dependent on hormonal stimulation or as a consequence of growth, the elevation in serum sialyltransferase seems to be closely related to the degree of cellular proliferation. PMID- 7370297 TI - The induction of functional vitamin B-12 deficiency in rats by exposure to nitrous oxide. PMID- 7370298 TI - Further evidence for ATP uptake by rat tissues. AB - Intact rat soleus muscles or hemidiaphragms were incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 h in 1.0 ml of Krebs-HCO3 buffer containing 10 mM glucose, 5 mM (8-14C)-labelled ATP and (alpha-32P)-labelled ATP together with 5 mM MgCl2 under an atmosphere of 95% O2-5% CO2. Samples of the incubation medium and tissue extract were subjected to electrophoretic separation and the radioactivity present as adenine nucleotides was counted. Extensive degradation of the added nucleotides was observed in the presence of both tissues. The concentrations of 14C-labelled and 32P-labelled ATP found in the muscle and diaphragm indicated that ATP was present within the muscle and diaphragm cells. By maintaining higher concentrations of ATP in the medium, ATP uptake in both tissues exhibited a saturation-type kinetics. These results provide further evidence for intracellular uptake of ATP and also suggest that the transport of ATP into the cell could be a carrier mediated process. PMID- 7370299 TI - Effects of chick embryo extract fractions on collagen and glycosaminoglycan metabolism by chick chondroblasts. PMID- 7370300 TI - GTP-receptor interrelationships in adenylate cyclase systems. Theoretical considerations. AB - Theoretical considerations concerning the effect of guanyl nucleotides on hormone dependent adenylate cyclases show that the phenomena observed can be accounted for by postulating only one type of guanyl nucleotide regulatory site. The binding of GTP or of its non-hydrolizable analogues to the guanyl nucleotide regulatory site induces cyclase activation and may induce a decrease in agonist affinity towards the receptor. From basic principles it is shown that the potency ratio of guanyl nucleotides in inducing the decreased agonist affinity dose not necessarily reflect their order of affinities to the GTP regulatory site. PMID- 7370301 TI - Effects of 2,2'-dipyridyl and related compounds on platelet prostaglandin synthesis and platelet function. AB - 2,2'-dipyridyl, a chelator of ferrous iron and inhibitor of platelet aggregation, was studied together with several similar compounds to determine the mechanism of their effects on platelets. All of these compounds were more potent inhibitors of arachidonic-acid-mediated aggregation (IC50, 0.17-1.8 mM) than of ADP-mediated aggregation (IC50, 7.6-19.7 mM). At low concentrations required to inhibit arachidonic-acid-mediated aggregation, 2,2'-dipyridyl, 4,4'-dipyridyl and 2 chloropyridine specifically inhibited the platelet cyclo-oxygenase. The mechanism of inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation was investigated, but was not explained. At concentrations needed to inhibit ADP-induced aggregation, 2,2'-dipyridyl did not alter cell ultrastructure, serotonin or nucleotide content or interfere with release of [14C]arachidonic acid or calcium movements. Therefore, our results indicate that 2,2'-dipyridyl and related compounds have two effects on platelets, both due to the unprotonated form. The inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase by low concentrations of these compounds is not due to bidentate iron chelation, since 4,4'-dipyridyl was almost as effective as 2,2'-dipyridyl, but is compatible with binding of these inhibitors to the iron in the heme of the cyclo-oxygenase. PMID- 7370303 TI - Copper accumulation and metabolism in primary monolayer cultures of rat liver parenchymal cells. AB - The characteristics of hepatic copper accumulation and metabolism were studied using primary monolayer cultures of adult rat liver parenchymal cells. Accumulation of copper from serum-free medium was temperature dependent and strongly inhibited by cyanide and N-ethylmaleimide. Addition of various concentrations of zinc to the medium did not alter copper accumulation by the cells. Furthermore, it was found that supplementation of the cell cultures with dexamethasone significantly stimulated zinc accumulation without affecting the accumulation of copper. Cycloheximide substantially stimulated accumulation of copper from the culture medium, whereas actinomycin D had no effect. Effux experiments showed that copper is rapidly sequestered by intracellular components and becomes unavailable for exchange soon after it is transported into the cells. Gel chromatography of liver cytosol demonstrated that most of the copper that is initially accumulated is bound to the low molecular weight cytoplasmic protein metallothionein. PMID- 7370302 TI - The fractionation of suspensions of isolated hepatocytes by rate zonal centrifugation. AB - Parenchymal cells, isolated from rat liver by a simple non-enzymic technique, were fractioned according to ploidy class by rate zonal centrifugation on sucrose density gradients. This method of fractionation applied to liver cells prelabelled in vivo with tritiated thymidine separated different size classes of cells synthesising DNA. PMID- 7370306 TI - Liver proline oxidase activity and collagen synthesis in rats with cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride. PMID- 7370305 TI - A simple method of the preparation of 2'-O-methyladenosine. Methylation of adenosine with methyl iodide in anhydrous alkaline medium. AB - A simple and effective method of the methylation on the 2'-O position of adenosine is described. Adenosine is treated with CH3I in an anhydrous alkaline medium at 0 degrees C for 4 h. The major products of this reaction are monomethylated adenosine at either the 2'-O or 3'-O position (total of 64%) and the side products are dimethylated adenosine ((2', 3'-O-dimethyladenosine, 21%, and N6-2'-O-dimethyladenosine, 11%). The ratio of 2'-O- and 3'-O-methyladenosine has been found to be 8 to 1. Therefore, this reaction preferentially favors the synthesis of 2'-O-methyladenosine. The monomethylated adenosine is isolated from reaction mixture by a silica gel column chromatography. Then the pure 2'-O methyladenosine can be separated by crystallization in ethanol from the mixture of 2'=O and 3'-O-methylated isomers. The overall yield of 2'-O-methyladenosine is 42%. PMID- 7370304 TI - Complementary role of surface hydrolysis and intact transport in the intestinal assimilation of di- and tripeptides. PMID- 7370307 TI - Microcalorimetric assay of acetylcholinesterase. AB - Comparative assays were made in a spectrophotometer and a microcalorimeter for the reaction between acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) and acetylthiocholine. The rate of light absorbance change and the rate of heat flow were measured from similar and simultaneous reactions in spectrophotometer and microcalorimeter, respectively. At the enzyme activity levels studied, i.e., 0.05-0.15 I.U. in calorimetry and 1-4 I.U. in spectrophotometry, the reaction rates were linear and showed first-order kinetics A highly significant positive correlation was seen between the two methods (r = 0.997). More importantly, spectrophotometric assay with acetylthiocholine (which utilized a secondary reaction with chromagen, dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid) stood in highly significant positive correlation with calorimetric assays (which did not require a chromagen) either with the same substrate (r = 0.976) or with acetylcholine (r = 0.900). It appears that microcalorimetry can be used in preference to spectrophotometry for enzyme kinetic studies to overcome the complexity of reaction mixture and interference problems and with the advantage of using natural substrates. PMID- 7370308 TI - Differences in the induction of thymidine kinase isozymes in estrogen-treated immature and adult rats. AB - Thymidine kinase activity in immature and castrated adult rat uterus has been examined in response to estrogen treatment. Following estrogen administration, it was found that immature uterine thymidine kinase activity was increased 30-fold after 24 h, but almost no effect was produced on castrated or non-castrated adult uterus. Uterine thymidine kinase activity was separated into three peaks (peak 1, 2 and 3) by means of DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. In response to estrogen, the thymidine kinase isozymes differed in adult and immature uteri. In immature uteri, marked and selective increase of the activity was found in peak I, whereas in adult only a slight increase in peak 2 activity was observed. The thymidine kinase activity in peak 1 and peak 2 were found to have different enzymatic properties and molecular weight, as determined by gel filtration of 125 000 for peak 1 and 100 000 for peak 2. From these results, it is suggested that estrogen induces specific thymidine kinase isozyme in immature uterus and that the isozyme may be involved in DNA synthesis. Such a induction mechanism seems to be lost during the development. PMID- 7370309 TI - The metabolic fate of 14C-labeled peptidoglycan monomer in mice. I. Identification of the monomer and the corresponding pentapeptide in urine. AB - The distribution of radioactive products in mouse urine following intravenous administration of the 14C-labeled peptidoglycan monomer, GlcNAc-MurNaC-L-Ala-D isoglutamine-meso-diaminopimelic acid-D-Ala-D-Ala, has been studied. 60--80% of radioactivity was recovered within first 3 h, 4--8% in the next 3 h and 2--7% in the following 18 h. The majority of the label was associated with the unchanged peptidoglycan monomer (42--56% of the dose). 14--21% of the label was incorporated into a compound which was isolated and tentatively identified as L Ala-D-isoglutamine-meso-diaminopimelic acid-D-Ala-D-Ala. The kinetics of excretion and the distribution of radioactivity did not differ in immunized, when compared to non-immunized, mice. PMID- 7370310 TI - [Study of the mechanical properties of the liver by compressive deformation. Effect of raised osmotic pressure and trypsin]. PMID- 7370311 TI - [Auto-oscillations of ion fluxes and the redox state of the respiratory chain in mitochondria]. PMID- 7370312 TI - [Modeling the process of intracellular crystallization]. PMID- 7370314 TI - [Nature of the electrical polarity of higher plants]. PMID- 7370313 TI - [Fine structure of the fluorescence spectra of chlorophyll a, protochlorophyll, and their pheophytins following selective laser irradiation]. AB - Fine structure fluorescence spectra of solutions in diethyl ether of chlorophyll a, pheophytin a, protochlorophyll and protopheophytin were obtained and studied at 4.2 K under stimulation with reconstructed laser on dyes. Dependence of the spectrum on lambda excit was studied and oscillation frequencies in basic and excited electron states were determined. Frequency dependence on the character of molecular surrounding was exemplified by chlorophyll a. PMID- 7370315 TI - [Theory of dissipative structures arising in the Turing-Prigozhin model]. PMID- 7370316 TI - [Modeling certain functions of human vision]. PMID- 7370317 TI - [Study of the electrical properties of retinal horizontal cell syncytia by the technic of uniform polarization]. AB - For uniform polarization of syncytial or cable structures at a large area with current passed via extracellular electrodes the extracellular longitudinal gradient of potential must be proportional to distance from the edge of preparation. In this paper the profile of conducting plate was found analytically which allows to obtain such a distribution of potentials. The profile is formed by hyperbola and its orthogonal asymptotes. Two polarizing electrodes are applied to places where the hyperbola is near to asymptotes. On the surfaces formed by asymptotes the gradient of potential is proportional to distance from intersection of these surfaces. Such a conducting plate was made as cavity in plexiglas filled by Ringer solution in agar. The plate was used for obtaining the voltage-current curves of horizontal cell membrane in gold fish retina. The area of uniform polarization was 4-5 mm long. Measurements inside this area allowed to determine the space constant of horizontal cell layer. The space constant measured in bright light (when resistance of subsynaptic membrane is high) depends on the membrane potential, being high (approximately 1,5 mm) during depolarization and low (0,2-0,4 mm) during hyperpolarization. PMID- 7370318 TI - [Alpha-actinin of Primor'e scallop striated muscle. Physico-chemical properties]. AB - A protein with chain weight of about 90,000 Dalton (MP-90) was isolated from the cross-striated adductor muscle of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. The Physicochemical properties of MP-90 and its interaction with actin were studied in comparison with those of alpha-actinin of rabbit skeletal muscle. The data obtained allow us to conclude that this isolated protein is alpha-actinin of cross-striated adductor muscle of scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. PMID- 7370319 TI - [Phospholipid membrane resistance in the direction of the surface of the layer]. AB - A technique for measurement of lateral resistance of phospholipid bilayer membranes of two types is described. The specific resistance of membranes with artificial structure (polar groups located inside the bilayer) depended on the content of adsorbed water and temperature. The specific resistance of membranes with natural structure (polar groups located on the bilayer surface) depended on temperature and did not exceed 10(3) Om . cm. Cholesterol decreased the lateral resistance. PMID- 7370321 TI - [Interpretation of the infrared absorption spectra of whole microbial cells]. PMID- 7370320 TI - [Measurement of differences in the surface potentials of bilayer membranes according to the second harmonic of a capacitance current]. PMID- 7370322 TI - [Microcalorimetric study of intact nucleoproteins]. AB - It has been shown that melting of native chromatin complex in tissues and cells is a one stage process with transition parameters Tm = 82 +/- 1 degrees C, delta Tm = 6 degrees C and Qm = (24 +/- 3) cal/g DNA. A conclusion is made that the difference in melting temperatures of chromatin complex and DNA, which is 12 cal/g DNA, corresponds to the melting of secondary and tertiary structures of chromatin. It is shown the destruction of significant part of the secondary and tertiary structures of chromatin by the chromatin complex isolation from tissues and cells. PMID- 7370324 TI - [Nature of the membrane potential of liver cells]. AB - Light scattering (90 degrees) of Ehrlich ascites tumor and sarcoma 37 cell suspension in the temperature range 25,60 degrees C was studied (heating velocity was 3 grad/min). It is found that the scattering curve has the peak at 46 degrees C and two plots which are typical of phase transitions in the membranes; the first plot in the range 40-46 degrees C is reversible and the second one at 46-51 degrees C is irreversible. It is proposed that 46 degrees is a critical temperature for the membranes structure stability and viability of the studied cells. PMID- 7370323 TI - [Temperature phase transitions in cancer cells]. AB - Light scattering (90 degrees) of Ehrlich ascites tumor and sarcoma 37 cell suspension in the temperature range 25-60 degrees C was studied (heating velocity was 3 grad/min). It is found that the scattering curve has the peak at 46 degrees C and two plots which are typical of phase transitions in the membranes; the first plot in the range 40-46 degrees C is reversible and the second one at 46-51 degrees C is irreversible. It is proposed that 46 degrees is a critical temperature for the membranes structure stability and viability of the studied cells. PMID- 7370327 TI - [Crystallization of water in plant specimens]. PMID- 7370326 TI - [Effect of different substances on the x-ray chemiluminescence of solutions of serum albumin and glycyltryptophan]. AB - Effect of different substances, such as known radioprotectors, inhibitors of free radical processes from the class of 3-oxipyridines and methanol on the characteristics of X-chemoluminescence of human serum albumin solutions and glycyl-triptophane is studied. Possible causes of various effects of added substances on X-chemoluminescence are considered: reactions of the additives with hydroxyl radicals, with primary free radicals and peroxid radicals of protein and peptide. In most substances studied protection is partially concerned with their reactions with hydroxyl radicals and partially with the reaction between additives and free radicals of peptide and protein. When methanol and inhibitors of the 3-oxipyridine class are used as acceptors the reaction between acceptors' free radicals and protein molecules makes a large contribution which results in a decrease of protection. Kinetic data and rate constants of reactions qualitatively describing the effects under study are obtained. PMID- 7370328 TI - [Certain approaches to modeling heat stress during microwave irradiation]. AB - A theoretical model is analysed in which the time of reaching lethal temperature depends on the time of blood circulation. A solution is obtained account taken for border conditions for homoiothermic animals. Results of measuring temperature dynamics of while mice under hypodynamia and microwave irradiation are presented; they are compared with the calculated ones. The studies performed showed principal possibility of applying this theoretical model for the description of microwave heat stress and determination of biophysical thermoregulation constants of the animal population studied. PMID- 7370325 TI - [Absorption spectra and structure of sublimated layers of etioprophyrin and its metal derivatives]. AB - It has been established by means of electron and oscillation absorption spectra that the structure of sublimated layers of ethioporphyrin and its metal derivatives depends on sublimation conditions. When sublimation was performed in a vacuum the molecules were located parallel to the base surface, in the presence of gase--at an angle, near to the right one, interlocation (and hence interaction) of molecules in the layers of different structure conditions the differences in their spectral characteristics and a peculiar anisotropy of layers. The later consists in the difference of optical properties in longitudinal and perpendicular directions to the layer surface. PMID- 7370329 TI - [Possible step in abiogenic molecular evolution]. AB - Studies of peculiarities of sublimation of frozen solutions in small concentrations are described. Threadlike structures were revealed, whose formation can be explained by the development of spiral dislocations and aggregations of solved structure molecules into monomeric sequences of considerable length (up to 10(11) links). Possible coordination of molecules during the arrangement of closely located sequences from different biomonomeres is discussed. A hypothesis about sublimation mechanism of the organization of primary structure of macromolecules of the living matter is substantiated. This mechanism explains the appearance of genetic code and stereohomogeneity. PMID- 7370330 TI - [Heat inactivation of cytochrome P-450]. AB - Thermal inactivation of cytochrome P-450 in different states (microsomes, highly purified and immobilized), characterized by the loss of catalytic activity in cumene hydroperoxide--dependent aniline hydroxylation has been studied in the temperature range 40-58 degrees C. The process of thermoinactivation is characterized by the first order rate constants. From the temperature dependence of these constants the energy of activation and the activation parameters of cytochrome P-450 thermoinactivation have been determined at 45 degrees C. In the presence of 20% glycerol the activation parameters of cytochrome P-450 thermoinactivation in microsomes in highly purified and immobilized states are very similar. PMID- 7370331 TI - [Multiphasic character of the kinetics of cytochrome P-450 destruction in microsomal LM2- and LM4-forms in the reaction with cumene hydroperoxide]. AB - Cytochrome P-450 destruction kinetics by cumene hydroperoxide has been studied in LM2 and LM4 microsomal and purified forms. Three destruction phases of cytochrome P-450 were shown to be observed irrespective of the source and integration degree, cytochrome P-450 pseudomonomolecular consumption rate constants being dependent in a complex way upon the cumene hydroperoxide initial concentration. The radical character of cytochrome P-450 destruction was proved by experiments with 1-naphtol. The mechanism of radicals formation is discussed. PMID- 7370332 TI - [Fast photo-induced changes in the light scattering of vertebrate photoreceptor membrane preparations. Study of a suspension of retinal outer rod segments]. AB - It has been found that light induced a fast decrease of light scattering of suspensions of retinal rod outer segments. This decrease coincides in time with the decay of metarhodopsin I. Evidence is presented that this effect is conditioned by an increase of the interdisc volume due to a photoinduced increase of ion numbers in them. The value of the effect was practically independent of pH, ionic composition and osmomolarity of the medium. The effect amplitude was small (10% to the value of light scattering change induced by hypertonic shock) and in proportion to the value of bleached rhodopsin. Calculations in the basis of these data have shown that bleaching of a rhodopsin molecule brings about the appearance of no more than one ion in the interdisc volume. The results obtained are used to analyzed the validity of our proposition concerning the existence of ionic photoconductivity in the disc membranes of rod outer segments. PMID- 7370333 TI - [Spectrum of macroscopic fluctuations in the enzymatic activity of creatine kinase]. AB - Computations were carried out of 725 recordings of enzymic activity of equal shares of creatinkinase solution. It has been shown that in the course of macroscopic fluctuations (synchronous in the macrovolume of "conformation fluctuations") a discrete characteristic spectrum of protein solution state resolution degree of the spectrum is deteriorated. Application of statistical spectral analysis to characterization of the properties of protein aqueous solutions is suggested. PMID- 7370334 TI - [Relationship between the spectra of macroscopic fluctuations of creatine kinase enzyme activity and the pH of a protein solution]. AB - A canonic shape of the spectrum of macroscopic fluctuations of enzymic activity in creatinkinase solutions [1] is revealed within wide pH range. With pH decrease (from 10.0 to 6.0) the discreteness and reproducibility of the spectra decreases, at pH 5.0 no canonic spectrum was revealed. The discovered dependence of the spectrum shape on pH illustrates possibilities of spectral analysis of macroscopic fluctuations for characterization of the states of protein aqueous solutions. PMID- 7370335 TI - [Relationship betwen induction of chlorophyll fluorescence and photoevolution of hydrogen in chlorella]. PMID- 7370336 TI - [Biochemical individuality of humans and invariants of regulation. Scale invariance of the characteristic of glycolysis in erythrocytes]. AB - The problem of the investigation of the metabolism regulation features, which are independent of the individual variance in biochemical parameters is formulated. The glycolysis characteristic of erythrocytes which is the ATP concentration dependence of the stationary rate of the ATP production is in fact dependent also on the many individual parameters of the erythrocyte (the enzyme activities, the total sum of adenine nucleotides and so on). It is shown that this function of many variables can be effectively factorized into an universal function of the relative ATP concentration (i. e. ATP/(AMP+ADP+ATP)) and some functions of individual parameters. PMID- 7370337 TI - [Model of an elastic bilayer membrane]. AB - The problem of constructing elastic models of biological and artificial membranes is discussed. Such models take into account strong anisotropy of the membrane elastic properties as well as different types of membrane deformation. It is impossible to describe elastic properties in terms of uniform anistropic models. An inhomogenous elastic layer model with microinhomogenities is proposed, it satisfies the condition E perpendicular less than E parallel less than K where E perpendicular - Young's modulus in the direction normal to the membrane plane, E parallel - Young's modulus in the plane of the membrane, K - volume elasticity modulus. It is shown that usual methods of E perpendicular calculation give the upper limit of true value. PMID- 7370338 TI - [Induction of calcium conductivity of artificial lipid membranes by a glycoprotein isolated from mitochondria and a homogenate of bovine heart]. AB - Glycoprotein (GP) inducing selective calcium transport through bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) from homogenate and mitochondria of beef heart was isolated by our method using no chaotrophic agents, detergents and proteolytic enzymes. 20-100 micrograms/ml of GP increase BLM, conductivity per 2-4 orders, producing potential close to the theoretical under ten fold gradient of calcium ions. M. W. of GP is about 40000 as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of dodecyl sulfate. Thiol groups are revealed in GP essential for Ca2+ transporting activity. PMID- 7370340 TI - [Mathematic model of the reaction between a pharmacosome and its target cell]. PMID- 7370339 TI - [Method of determining the dissociation constant of ligand--center binding complexes in the case of biomembranes with a heterogeneous adsorption surface]. PMID- 7370341 TI - [Alteration of the surface density of the charge of mitochondria and submitochondrial particles upon energization]. PMID- 7370342 TI - [Stabilization of longitudinal vortices by the cutaneous integument of dolphins]. PMID- 7370343 TI - [Perception of infrared laser radiation by the human eye]. PMID- 7370345 TI - [Kinematics of stationary circulation in an excitable medium]. PMID- 7370344 TI - [Effect on nonlinear summation of postsynaptic potentials on the average potential and distribution of interspike intervals of a neuron]. AB - A probability model of the neuron is considered which uses a simple equivalent electric scheme of the synapse suggesting that characteristic time of conductivity change is much less than the time constant of the membrane tau. The model is characterized by the fact that the distribution of potential jumps depends on the accumulated potential u(t). Formula are obtained for the average value and dispersion of the membrane potential. They coincide with the known formula (1) deduced for the contrary case of slow conductivity changes at tau lambda greater than 1 (lambda - frequency of elementary jumps of conductivity). For tau lambda greater than 1 distribution of probability of interimpulse intervals at arbitrary form of distribution function of jumps F (delta u, u) is described. PMID- 7370346 TI - [Reaction of guinea pigs to infrasonic vibration velocity]. PMID- 7370347 TI - [Static volt-ampere characteristics of biologically active human skin currents]. AB - Results are presented of measuring static voltage characteristics of biologically active sites Xe-gy at various pressure of the measuring electrode on the skin. It has been shown that under other equal conditions conductivity of the active sites is 3 and more times higher than that of inactive sites in the whole range of the applied pressures. The current-voltage characteristics of biologically active sites are non-linear and have a region of reversible break-down on their inverse branch. With the currents higher than 200 divided by 300 muA an irreversible break-down of the site is formed, after which conductivity increases more than by an order. PMID- 7370348 TI - [Differences in electrical potentials of different areas of human skin as a characteristic of the functional state of the body]. AB - Constant electric field (CEF) of an organism in various physiological states has been studied by two complementing methods. The states "healthy" and "sick" are described in terms of electrical potential difference (EPD) between two skin regions of man. It is shown that at the state "sick" equipotentiality of CEF is disturbed in the plane perpendicular to the principal axis of the body symmetry. It enables to outline further development of differential diagnistics of this state. PMID- 7370349 TI - [Calculation of the secondary structure of proteins from their circular dichroism spectra]. PMID- 7370350 TI - [Quenching of the luminescence of singlet molecular oxygen by complexes of porphyrins and highly-charged metal ions]. AB - Quenching of singlet oxygen luminescence by the complexes of tetraphenylporphin with Fe3+, Mn3+, Sn4+, and Al3+, synthetic dimer of TTP (mu-oxo-bis-FeTPP) and by Fe3+-meso-porphyrin-IX-dimethylester has been investigated. Quenching obeys the Stern - Folmer equation. The rate constants of 1O2 quenching (Kq) by monomeric Fe Porphyrins correspond to 1-1.5 X 10(9) M-1.s-1 and do not depend on axial ligands bound to the metal (Cl-, CH3COO-, CNS-, pyridine). Dimerization decreases Kq down to 4 X 10(7) M-1.s-1.Kq of the complexes with Mn, Sn, and Al are equal to 2.5X10(8), 2X10(6), 10(7) M-1.s-1 respectively. The data suggest that quenching by the monomeric Fe- and, probably, Mn-porphyrins is due to energy transfer from 1O2 to the eta-d levels of the quenchers. PMID- 7370351 TI - [Effect of the ionic strength of the medium on the osmotic properties of erythrocytes]. PMID- 7370352 TI - [Analysis of the contribution of adhesive and cohesive forces to cell adhesion]. AB - The strength required for the cell separation is calculated with assumption of cohesive rupture of the cell contact. It is shown that the strength of cell separation depends on cohesion of the cell membrane and length of the membrane rupture. The obtained values of are in better agreement with the experimental data than the calculations made on the ground of the colloidal stability theory. PMID- 7370353 TI - [Effect of temperature and humidity on the electroinduced bathochromic shift in the absorption band of bacteriorhodopsin (Br 570)]. AB - In dried films of purple membranes from Halobacterium Halobium, R1, the bathochromic shift of the absorption band of bR 570 in the external electric field is inhibited to a great extent on low temperatures (over the range +20 divided by -20 degrees C) and on decreasing the hydration of preparation (P/Ps from 50% to 12%). Role of polarization processes in the formation of batho-bR is discussed. PMID- 7370354 TI - [Effect of a heterogeneous magnetic field on human erythrocytes]. AB - Visual observation was carried out of the effect of heterogeneous magnetic field on human erythrocytes containing both oxi- and methemoglobin, near the surface and end plane of ferromagnetic wire under its transverse and longitudinal magnetization in homogeneous magnetic field of 8.10(5) A/M. Existence of diamagnetic effect in normal erythrocytes and paramagnetic effect on erythrocytes with methemoglobin were shown. Drift rates of separate erythrocytes to the surface and end plane of the wire were measured. PMID- 7370355 TI - The control dimension in human behavior. PMID- 7370356 TI - The control of pulse transit time independently of interbeat interval by providing feedback from both. AB - Sixteen subjects took part in a two-stage cardiovascular biofeedback experiment. For five sessions all subjects attempted to control their pulse wave transit time (TT), using TT feedback. The eight subjects who achieved control were given a further five sessions, during which they attempted to control their transit time without altering their interbeat interval (IBI) when provided with TT and IBI feedback. No evidence was found for complete dissociation of TT and IBI. When the single TT contingency was in operation, all subjects who had significant control of TT also showed significant changes in IBI in the same direction. When the dual contingency was introduced, subjects either controlled TT but failed to keep IBI stable or kept IBI stable but failed to control TT. PMID- 7370357 TI - Relaxation and subjective estimates of muscle tension: implications for a central efferent theory of muscle control. AB - The relationship of "awareness of muscle tension" to depth of relaxation was explored. In one experiment, accuracy of forearm flexor control was assessed using the psychophysical method of magnitude production, and depth of flexor relaxation was measured using the integrated EMG before and after EMG biofeedback training. No consistent relationship between motor-control accuracy and depth of relaxation was found. A second, similar experiment with frontalis showed increased accuracy of frontalis control with deeper relaxation. Accuracy of passive, verbal judgments of spontaneous frontalis tension fluctuation exhibited no clear relationship with depth of relaxation. It was concluded that forearm flexor and frontalis may be under the control of distinct mechanisms, and that afferent information probably contributes to the control of neither muscle. Three structural theories of the control mechanisms were considered, and one depending on the central monitoring of efferent outflow (rather than afferent inflow) seemed most compatible with the frontalis data. Both flexor and frontalis data could be accounted for by a two-phase scheme combining central outflow monitoring with the monitoring of mental contents for arousal value at very low muscle tension levels. PMID- 7370358 TI - Perceived control: bogus pulse rate feedback and reported symptom reduction for individuals with accumulated stressful life events. AB - The present investigation tested the hypothesis that perceived control reduces reported symptom incidence for individuals with stressful life events. Subjects (undergraduate psychology students from an urban university) were divided into two groups, high and low in stress, based on their life change unit scores as measured by the Schedule of Recent Events (Holmes & Rahe, 1967). Subjects participated in a study in which they attempted to reduce pulse rate (PR) and were informed of their successes (i.e., PR reductions) through bogus feedback. High and low stress subjects were assigned randomly to one of the following conditions: bogus ascending success feedback (AS), wherein successes were concentrated more in the later stage of a PR reduction period; bogus equally distributed success feedback (EDS), wherein successes were equally distributed in the early and later stages of a PR reduction period; or no feedback (NF). The study consisted of three sessions held on 3 consecutive days. Each session consisted of a 3-minute baseline (nonfeedback) period followed by a 10-minute PR reduction period. Self-reports on 13 symptom items were measured 2 weeks before the study (pretest), after the final session of the study (posttest), and 3 weeks after the study (follow-up). Results indicated that on 5 of the 13 symptom items, the AS condition produced a significant reduction in reported symptom incidence for high-stress subjects only, and this effect was maintained for 3 weeks after the experiment. Results are discussed in terms of the effect perceived control may have on perceptions of physical health. Suggestions are made regarding the use of biofeedback treatment as a method by which perceptions of symptom distress may be reduced for individuals exposed to cumulative stressful experiences. PMID- 7370359 TI - A conditioned response model of the placebo effect predictions from the model. AB - A model of the placebo response as a conditioned response (CR) is presented and predictions from this model are listed. Through association with active ingredients (UCS), neutral (CS) places, persons, procedures, and things can come to acquire the ability to reduce pain, anxiety, and depressive responses. One major counterintuitive prediction from the model is that therapists who routinely use active ingredients (UCS) or powerful drugs will get stronger placebo effects than those who routinely use "inert" ingredients (CS) or weak drugs. Developmentally, placebo responding appears to involve two successive conditioning stages, which may involve first the left and later the right hemisphere in right-handed subjects. The relationship between placebo responding and hypnotizability is discussed. PMID- 7370364 TI - Neocognitron: a self organizing neural network model for a mechanism of pattern recognition unaffected by shift in position. AB - A neural network model for a mechanism of visual pattern recognition is proposed in this paper. The network is self-organized by "learning without a teacher", and acquires an ability to recognize stimulus patterns based on the geometrical similarity (Gestalt) of their shapes without affected by their positions. This network is given a nickname "neocognitron". After completion of self organization, the network has a structure similar to the hierarchy model of the visual nervous system proposed by Hubel and Wiesel. The network consists of an input layer (photoreceptor array) followed by a cascade connection of a number of modular structures, each of which is composed of two layers of cells connected in a cascade. The first layer of each module consists of "S-cells", which show characteristics similar to simple cells or lower order hypercomplex cells, and the second layer consists of "C-cells" similar to complex cells or higher order hypercomplex cells. The afferent synapses to each S-cell have plasticity and are modifiable. The network has an ability of unsupervised learning: We do not need any "teacher" during the process of self-organization, and it is only needed to present a set of stimulus patterns repeatedly to the input layer of the network. The network has been simulated on a digital computer. After repetitive presentation of a set of stimulus patterns, each stimulus pattern has become to elicit an output only from one of the C-cells of the last layer, and conversely, this C-cell has become selectively responsive only to that stimulus pattern. That is, none of the C-cells of the last layer responds to more than one stimulus pattern. The response of the C-cells of the last layer is not affected by the pattern's position at all. Neither is it affected by a small change in shape nor in size of the stimulus pattern. PMID- 7370365 TI - Further consideration on pattern separability in a random neural net with inhibitory connections. AB - A two-layer random neural net with inhibitory connections composing of threshold elements has been regarded as a model of the cerebellar cortex. Many properties of pattern separation with the model have been disclosed through consideration on the degree of pattern separation. However, we have not shown yet that the degree of pattern separation is given by some different functions which are decided by the relation between the firing rates of input patterns. The present study is intended to reveal that the functions of the degree of pattern separation are synthesized with some different partial functions, and they are differently given on the relation between the firing rates of input patterns. Simultaneously, it is proved that the number of the functions also depend on the number of connections between two layers in the model. We also disclose the properties of the degree of pattern separation, and give some suggestions on the sizes of the firing rates of mossy fibers and granule cells under the knowledge about them. PMID- 7370361 TI - An educational format for teaching stress management to groups with a wide range of stress symptoms. AB - In view of the pervasiveness of stress reactions in contemporary society, together with the limited availability of effective coping techniques, the authors attempted to develop a stress management program that combined education on the nature of stress disorders with instruction on several practical procedures useful in coping with stress. Our study used a general population drawn from a small rural university community. There were 38 subjects, 17 male and 21 female, in the final statistical analyses. One independent variable was a lecture-discussion format to present cognitive and relaxation skills. A second independent variable was biofeedback training to decrease frontal EMG activity. The subjects were divided into five treatment groups that consisted of one or some combination of these two treatment conditions. Dependent variables were the two scales--A-State and A-Trait--of Spielberger's STAI (Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970) and an adaptive application of Kerle and Bialek's (1958) Subjective Stress Scale (SSS). The SSS served as an instrument to keep subjects aware of their physical and psychological responses to stress as well as providing a pre/post measure of reactions to stress as they experienced it. Results indicated that the lecture-discussion format was effective in reducing the subjects' level of stress as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Subjective Stress Scale. There was no evidence that frontal EMG feedback relaxation training contributed to the reduction of stress. PMID- 7370363 TI - A neural net model for the alpha-rhythm. AB - Because of the enormous complexity which characterizes the activity of the brain a special effort has been made toward the development of neural models. These models are necessarily based on fundamental simplification of neural structures, and neural mechanisms. It is however necessary that any assumed mechanism be based on acceptable physiological criteria. We have developed such a model in the past (Anninos, 1969; Anninos et al., 1970) and in this paper we elaborate on it and attempt to incorporate in it a mechanism which will give rise to alpha-rhythm activity. PMID- 7370362 TI - The role of behavioral conditioning in the cardiovascular adjustment to exercise. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if normal subjects could be trained to attenuate their cardiovascular responses while exercising on a bicycle ergometer. Ten young, untrained subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer for five sessions. Half of the group was asked to slow their heart rate while exercising with heart rate feedback during exercise. Their average heart rate increase was 20% less than that of the control subjects, who exercised without feedback. The control subjects subsequently also received feedback during exercise and they were able to attenuate their heart rate responses comparably. Systolic blood pressure was not affected by feedback training. Changes in rate-pressure product paralleled changes in heart rate. These data show that autonomically mediated adjustments to exercise can be brought under experimental control through the use of appropriate behavioral techniques. PMID- 7370360 TI - Incentives to enhance the effects of electromyographic feedback training in stroke patients. AB - The use of monetary incentives to enhance the effects of electromyographic (EMG) feedback training was studied in five stabilized stroke patients with hemiplegia. The study was divided into Baseline, EMG Feedback Training, Feedback Training Plus Incentives, and Follow-up treatment conditions. Integrated EMG activity was recorded simultaneously from the anterior tibialis and medial gastrocnemius muscles during relaxation and dorsiflexion of the affected foot. Patients were instructed to try to increase anterior tibialis EMG activity while decreasing EMG activity in the medial gastrocnemius. Range of motion was measured both prior to and immediately following the Baseline and Feedback Training conditions. Results suggested that (a) EMG feedback training produced greater EMG control and range of motion than did unassisted practice, and (b) the addition of monetary incentives may enhance the effects of feedback training, possibly through its effect on patient motivation. PMID- 7370366 TI - An algebraic model of an associative noise-like coding memory. AB - A mathematical model of an associative memory is presented, sharing with the optical holography memory systems the properties which establish an analogy with biological memory. This memory system--developed from Gabor's model of memory--is based on a noise-like coding of the information by which it realizes a distributed, damage-tolerant, "equipotential" storage through simultaneous state changes of discrete substratum elements. Each two associated items being stored are coded by each other by means of two noise-like patterns obtained from them through a randomizing preprocessing. The algebraic transformations operating the information storage and retrieval are matrix-vector products involving Toeplitz type matrices. Several noise-like coded memory traces are superimposed on a common substratum without crosstalk interference; moreover, extraneous noise added to these memory traces does not injure the stored information. The main performances shown by this memory model are: i) the selective, complete recovering of stored information from incomplete keys, both mixed with extraneous information and translated from the position learnt; ii) a dynamic recollection where the information just recovered acts as a new key for a sequential retrieval process; iii) context-dependent responses. The hypothesis that the information is stored in the nervous system through a noise-like coding is suggested. The model has been simulated on a digital computer using bidimensional images. PMID- 7370368 TI - [Effect of laser microirradiation on an isolated crayfish mechanoreceptor neuron]. PMID- 7370367 TI - Performance of inhomogeneous and anisotropic filters in the visual system. AB - Inhomogeneous and anisotropic processing stages developed in the visual system during evolution in order to match a (certainly highly complex) biological optimality criterion. As the examples presented in this paper show, scenes viewed can be separated according to their information content with filter stages such as processing of the central area of the picture field in a wide band fashion, where each detail is perceived and the contrasts are amplified. This requires good illumination as the amplification is small. At the periphery the amplification is higher which favors twilight vision. Especially the sensitivity for moving patterns is highly developed and a band pass prefilter requires only spatially narrow band channels in the course of further processing. Direction specific filter stages make it possible to solve special problems such as the reconstruction of a form from an illuminance distribution. PMID- 7370370 TI - Testing for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. AB - The class of admissible tests for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in a multi-allelic system is characterized. The standard goodness-of-fit chi-square tests is shown to be admissible for systems of two or more alleles. The conditional probability distribution required to determine the exact significance level of this test is presented. PMID- 7370369 TI - Estimating ventilation/perfusion distributions from inert gas data: a Bayesian approach. AB - In recent years, experimental techniques using inert gas studies have been developed for determining essentially continuous distributions of the ventilation/perfusion ratio over a lung. Mathematically, the technique requires the recovery of 'smooth' solutions of grossly underdetermined systems of linear equations. This paper investigates the use of Bayesian smoothing techniques and shows that, provided the true underlying distribution of ventilation/perfusion ratios is relatively smooth and well-behaved, it is possible to recover reliable estimates of such distributions. PMID- 7370371 TI - Estimating the error rates of diagnostic tests. AB - It is often required to evaluate the accuracy of a new diagnostic test against a standard test with unknown error rates. If the two tests are applied simultaneously to the same individuals from two populations with different disease prevalences, then assuming conditional independence of the errors of the two tests, the error rates of both tests and the true prevalences in both populations can be estimated by a maximum likelihood procedure. Generalizations to several tests applied in several populations are also possible. PMID- 7370372 TI - The estimation of intraclass correlation in the analysis of family data. AB - The maximum likelihood estimator of the intraclass correlation coefficient rho in samples of unequal size from a multivariate normal distribution has been derived and compared to several other estimators, using Monte Carlo simulation. It is recommended that maximum likelihood be used if no prior knowledge concerning the value of rho is thought to be high. Fow low to moderate values of rho it is recommended that the analysis of variance estimator be used, with those families having only one member deleted from the analysis. PMID- 7370373 TI - Second-order approximations of ascertainment probabilities. AB - A second-order correction is derived for the usual first-order order approximation to the probability of ascertaining a pedigree. Both the first- and second-order approximations are compared to the exact ascertainment probability for selected examples of monogenic and polygenic traits. The second-order approximation is shown to be accurate within 10% when the individual ascertainment probability is less than 0.2, for most cases examined. In all cases, the first- and second-order approximations provide upper and lower bounds, respectively, for the exact ascertainment probability. PMID- 7370374 TI - The crossover experiment for clinical trials. AB - The two-period crossover or changeover design for clinical trials is compared with other simple designs in terms of statistical precision and cost. The sensitivity of the crossover to bias due to carryover effects is examined. The feasibility of using the crossover data to test for the existence of carryover effects is investigated and found to be uneconomical. A numerical example is presented. PMID- 7370375 TI - A treatment allocation procedure for sequential clinical trials. AB - A dynamic treatment allocation procedure is proposed for clinical trials which require balancing across several prognostic factors. The treatment allocation decision is based on the minimization of a function which is an easily evaluated approximation to the variance of the treatment effect in a linear model relating the outcome variable to the chosen prognostic factors and selected interactions. By use of simulations, the procedure is shown to be superior to ad hoc procedures proposed by Pocock and Simon (1975, Biometrics 31, 103-115), over a variety of reasonable experimental situations. It is shown that it is feasible to evaluate the procedure by hand calculations and that it is extremely easy if a small programmable calculator is available. Practical problems relating to implementation of the procedure are discussed with special reference to multi institutional clinical trials. PMID- 7370377 TI - Study of 131I-rose bengal kinetics in normal man: a critical evaluation of a three-compartment model. AB - The plasma disappearance curve following a single intravenous injection of a tracer dose of 131I-labelled Rose Bengal (131I RB) is used to calculate the parameters of a three-compartmental model. In the model proposed, plasma 131I RB exchanges with two additional pools, one of which is thought to represent extrahepatic extravascular compartment (compartment 2) and the other the liver (compartment 3). 131I RB is assumed to be eliminated from the system solely from compartment 3 by secretion into bile, and no urinary excretion is taken into consideration. The assumptions implicit in the model (no excretion of 131 I RB in urine, reflux from liver to plasma, exchange with extravascular extraphepatic compartment, identification of compartments 2 and 3 respectively as extravascular extrahepatic, and intraphepatic) are supported by a set of experimental data. PMID- 7370376 TI - Lymphocytes are not only immunocytes. AB - Only one of the many functions of lymphocytes is their participation in host immune responses. Lymphoid cells also probably participate in a number of physiological processes aimed at maintenance of homeostasis. It was first suggested half a century ago that lymphocytes may function as trephocytes and regulate the growth of various organs. Evidence is presented in support of this hypothesis. PMID- 7370380 TI - Statistical inference and the design of clinical trials. AB - According to the likelihood principle of statistics, a decision to stop or otherwise alter a clinical trial can be made on the basis of accumulating information without losing the ability to draw inferences from the results of the trial. In particular, balanced, randomized designs are not necessary. The probability that a particular treatment is the best among those in the trial can be calculated after each patient response, and may suggest that the treatment should be used predominantly in the next stage of the trial. Doing so results in more effective treatment of the patients in the trial while sacrifacing some of the information on the other treatments. Not doing so results in equal information on the treatments but sacrifices effective treatment. There are many trials in which compromise is possible between these antagonistic consequences. PMID- 7370378 TI - Alcohol and marrow granulocyte reserve response to etiocholanolone. AB - Measurement of the size of marrow granulocyte reserve (MGR) was performed in ten alcoholic patients with clinically uncomplicated Laennec's cirrhosis and in ten healthy subjects by etiocholanolone injection before and during oral 95% ethyl alcohol administration (30 to 60 ml in orange juice every 6 hours for 48 hours). No significant differences in bone marrow response to etiocholanolone were found between normal subjects studied before and during alcohol administration. The group of cirrhotic patients failed to demonstrate a reduction of MGR when compared to control subjects and alcohol administration did not result in an abnormal response to etiocholanolone. It is suggested that the MGR is normal in most alcoholic patients with clinically uncomplicated Laennec's cirrhosis and is not influenced by acute alcohol ingestion. These results are in contrast to other previous reports in which bacterial endotoxin was used to estimate granulocyte reserve. PMID- 7370379 TI - Ethinylestradiol and diethylstilbestrol induced antibodies and vascular thrombosis. AB - Antiethinylestradiol antibodies were demonstrated in several oral contraceptive users. The antibodies could be precipitated from serum immune complexes by 25% saturated ammonium sulfate. This test of serum precipitation was applied to a comparative study of 116 women on O.C and 65 men treated with diethylstilbestrol for a prostatic cancer. Controls without hormones were included in each group. The test was shown to discriminate among the estrogen users reactive and unreactive persons. 34% of women and 41% of men had high levels of precipitated immunoglobulins in 25% saturated ammonium sulphate. Study of the specificity of the Igs purified from the precipitates in reactive cases, showed that they were binding ethinylestradiol with an affinity constant consistent with an antigen antibody reaction. It is concluded that the oral ingestion of two different synthetic estrogen compounds may induce antiestrogen antibodies. The relation of these antibodies with the increased incidence of vascular thrombosis is considered. PMID- 7370382 TI - Tumor delayed hypersensitivity reactions. "In vivo" functional differences between spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - In a syngeneic BALB/c transplantable tumor model, specific delayed hypersensitvity reaction, detected by foot-pad swelling test appeared specifically suppressed or "eclipsed" in advanced tumor bearing mice. This "eclipsed" response could not be reversed after tumor resection. Unresponsiveness was analyzed by local adoptive transfer of lymphocytes from two different sources. When spleen cells (SC) from advanced tumor bearing and advanced tumor resected mice were locally transferred into normal recipients, a positive cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity (CDH) reaction was observed. While when peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from the same anergic donors were transferred, no CDH reactivity was elicited. Functional differences between SC and PBL populations are suggested to explain these findings. PMID- 7370381 TI - 1-2 Dimethylhydrazine induced colonic tumours in rats. AB - 1-2 dimethylhydrazine was injected subcutaneously on a weekly basis of 15 mg/kg, during periods ranging from one to twenty-eight weeks into five hundred Wistar rats. Glandular-mucin depletion appears as early as the second injection (sulfomucins disappear). From the sixth week, one observes dysplasia; if the animals are allowed to survive for a longer period all will develop colonic carcinomas, which were found mainly in the left colon. This dysplasia, which is first mild, then moderate, is finally severe in rat mucosa or in the area of polyps. Dysplastic polyps become less frequent when carcinomas increase in number and in size. The average length of survival after cessation of the exposure is inversely proportional to the total dose administered. The glandular mucin depletion-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence characterizes the types of formation of 1 2 DMH induced colonic carcinomas. One of the striking features is the early appearance of this sequence. PMID- 7370383 TI - A non-secretory phospholipase A2 in the rat pancreas. AB - The rat pancreas shows a phospholipase activity in the absence of the tryptic activation of the zymogens. We verified that this activity was not due to the zymogen of the secretory phospholipase. Indeed unlike the prophospholipase, the enzyme responsible for the spontaneous phospholipase activity shows a higher catalytic rate at substrate concentrations higher than the critical micelle concentration. This enzyme has a positional specificity of the A2 type and possesses a molecular weight of about 9,500. PMID- 7370384 TI - A new brain specific protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). AB - A rabbit immune serum against SSPE CSF reveals in these CSF, in addition to IgG, another protein with electrophoretic gamma-mobility which is never revealed by anti-normal human serum nor by anti-normal CSF. This protein, called B.T., has been found in 5 out of 8 CSF studied. The same immune serum against SSPE CSF reveals in normal brain extracts a specific protein sharing antigenic identity with the fraction B.T. from SSPE CSF. This brain protein is located in the white matter. It has not been found in the grey matter, nor in other tissue extracts. Due to its solubility and electrophoretic properties, this brain protein B.T. is not comparable with any of the brain specific proteins known at this time. PMID- 7370385 TI - Induction and inhibition of bone matrix resorption. AB - A method is described by which the action of hormones on cartilage and bone matrix in mice is ascertained by measuring 35S release from bone explants. Parathyroid extract was found to increase the rate of 35S release in vitro as well as in samples from pretreated animals, whereas calcitonin and 25 hydroxycholecalciferol were effective only in vitro. PMID- 7370386 TI - Age related distribution of serum immunoglobulin concentration in 1003 healthy children and adults. AB - IgG, IgA and IgM serum concentrations were determined in 605 healthy children and 398 adults, using a radial immunodiffusion technique. IgG levels were found to be high at birth, fall sharply at two weeks of age, reach a minimum at 3 months and then gradually rise to adult levels which are attained by the age of 9 years. IgA and IgM are low at birth, rise gradually and reach adult levels by 17-18 years. No significant differences, between male and female subjects were found in each of the age groups studied. PMID- 7370389 TI - Kinetics of reconstitution of porcein muscle lactic dehydrogenase after reversible high pressure dissociation. AB - Porcine muscle lactic dehydrogenase can be reversibly dissociated into monomers at high hydrostatic pressure. The rate of dissociation depends on the conditions of the solvent (Schade et al., 1980, Biochemistry, in press). Maximum yields of reactivation are achieved after dissociation by 20 min incubation in 0.2 M Tris/HCl buffer or 0.2 M KCl at pH 7.6, in the presence of 10 mM dithioerythritol and 1 mM EDTA, provided that both dissociation and reassociation are performed under anaerobic conditions. At enzyme concentrations of the order of 1 microM reactivation amounts to greater than or equal to 95%, the product of reactivation being indistinguishable from the enzyme in its initial native state. Based on the long-term stability of the enzyme under the optimum given conditions of reactivation, the kinetics of reconstitution after pressure release were investigated over a wide range of enzyme concentrations (1 nM less than c less than 1 microM). The weakly sigmoidal kinetics may be described by an irreversible uni-bimolecular reaction scheme, corresponding to a sequential transconformation association process. Assuming the protomers to be enzymatically inactive, the kinetic profiles may be fitted by one set of kinetic constants: kuni=1.5 X 10(-2) s-1 and kbi=7 X 10(3) s-1 M-1, the association step belonging to either dimer or tetramer formation. PMID- 7370387 TI - The electrostatic potential of the alpha helix (electrostatic potential/alpha helix/secondary structure/helix dipole). AB - The active sites of many enzymes are very close to the N-terminus of an alpha helix. The helix dipole has been postulated to enhance the binding of anions and speed charge relays in catalysis. We present electrostatic potential maps of alpha-helices of various lengths using a point charge model. We show that the potential field of the helix can be mimicked by two equal and opposite charges, one at each terminus. The magnitude of these equivalent charges reaches its limiting value of +/- 0.2 to 0.3 electron at a helix length of approximately 7-10 residues. We also comment on the relative importance of the helix dipole to that of ionized residues in determining the electrostatics of a protein and discuss what consequences this has for enzymology. PMID- 7370388 TI - Comparative fluorescence properties of bovine, goat, human and guinea pig alpha lactalbumin. Characterization of the environments of individual tryptophan residues in partially folded conformers. AB - alpha Lactalbumin exists as a partially folded conformer (U form) at acid pH. A second partially folded conformer (H form) is formed above 60 degrees. Comparison of the changes in tryptophan fluorescence which occur on forming U and H for the bovine, goat, human and guinea pig proteins, as well as analysis of fluorescence properties for the bovine protein and an N bromo succinimide derivative of this protein, have made it possible to determine which tryptophan residues give rise to such changes in fluorescence, and to draw a distinction between the molecular structure of the U and H forms of the protein. Trp 28 and 109 in the native state transfer their excitation energy to trp 63 whose fluorescence is quenched by a pair of vicinal disulfide bridges. This process persists in the U form of the protein, but is absent in the H conformer. Most of the change in fluorescence seen in the N in equilibrium with U conversion is due to increase in yield of trp 28, while the changes in fluorescence occurring on formation of the H form are due to exposure of trp 63 and elimination of its quenching and/or excited state transfer from 28 to 109. PMID- 7370390 TI - Analysis of low angle light scattering results from T7 DNA. AB - Selected light scattering data, obtained in earlier studies on T7 DNA in 0.195 M Na+, are analyzed by comparison with calculations from the theory of wormlike coils, both with and without excluded volume effects. The results confirm the conclusion from an earlier criticism, that linear extrapolations of data from the 10 degrees to 20 degrees angular range give incorrect values for the limiting molecular weight, MT, and for the limiting root-mean-square radius, RT. Further, it is shown that the excluded volume parameter, epsilon, must be used to provide a proper fit of calculated curves to experimental data. The revised analysis gives the following parameters for T7 DNA:MT = 25.5 X 10(6); RT = 587 nm; epsilon = 0.08; and the statistical segment length, 1/lambda' = 120 nm. These parameters agree well with other values in the literature. The method of analysis, therefore, provides reliable results from light scattering data on high-molecular weight, native DNA. PMID- 7370391 TI - Vibrational analysis of peptides, polypeptides, and proteins. V. Normal vibrations of beta-turns. PMID- 7370392 TI - Temperature dependence of macromolecular interactions in dilute and concentrated hemoglobin solutions. PMID- 7370393 TI - Studies of the collagen fold formation in aqueous solutions of alpha-gelatin. II. PMID- 7370394 TI - Circular dichroism and conformational analysis of the membrane-modifying peptide N-t-Boc-(Aib-L-Ala)5-Gly-Ala-Aib-Pro-Ala-Aib-Aib-Glu-(OBzI)-Gln-OMe with respect to alamethicin. PMID- 7370396 TI - DNA sequencing and helix-coil transition. II. Loop entropy and DNA melting. PMID- 7370395 TI - Thermodynamic stability theory for DNA doughnut shapes induced by charge neutralization. PMID- 7370397 TI - DNA sequencing and helix-coil transition. III. DNA sequencing. PMID- 7370398 TI - Contribution of electrodiffusion to the dynamics of electrically stimulated changes in mechanical properties of collagen membranes. PMID- 7370399 TI - Physical association of two simple alkylators to some DNA sequences. PMID- 7370400 TI - Chemical reactivity of protonated aziridine with nucleophilic centers of DNA bases. PMID- 7370401 TI - DNA bis-intercalation: theoretical calculation of binding curves. PMID- 7370402 TI - DNA bis-intercalation: application of theory to the binding of echinomycin to DNA. PMID- 7370403 TI - Polymeric model system for protein-bilirubin interaction. PMID- 7370404 TI - Intrinsic viscosity of DNA: salt dependence and current polyelectrolyte theory. PMID- 7370405 TI - [Hemopoietic action of the high-molecular fraction of leukocytic pyrogen]. AB - During fractionation of the rabbit leukocytic pyrogen (LP) on Sephadex column and by the ethanol method, the apyrogenic protein fraction was isolated. In intact rats this fraction induced granulocytopoiesis stimulation: a rise in granulocyte proliferative activity, an increase in total granulocyte count in the bone marrow and peripheral blood, and also a rise in the number of macrocolonies in the spleen of lethally irradiated mice due to an increase in granulocyte colonies. PMID- 7370406 TI - [Analysis of food motivational stimulation on the level of thalamic neurons in the rabbit brain]. AB - The activity of 34 neurons of the ventral and posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, a transmissive link of the gustatory analyzer, was studied in fed rabbits before and after the alimentary reaction was produced by stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus. Of special interest is the appearance of bundle-like activity in 26.4% neurons in response to the stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus. This seems likely to reflect the involvement of neurons from the given nucleus of the hypothalamus into alimentary motivation excitation. PMID- 7370407 TI - [Regional characteristics of the noradrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the vessels of the brain surface]. AB - Specific histochemical techniques for the demonstration of catecholamines and acetylcholinesterase (ACE) have been used to compare densities of innervation of the proximal and distal regions of pial arteries in the rat brain. The most distal parts, so called "arterial bordering zones" have very scarce noradrenergic innervation while the proximal parts of the vessels have an abundant noradrenergic nerve supply. ACE-positive fibers are distributed evenly. It is suggested that the preferential injuring of the brain tissue in acute hypertension characteristic of the arterial bordering zones might be due to deficiency in noradrenergic innervation of the pial arteries in these regions. PMID- 7370408 TI - [Action of a modulated electromagnetic field on experimentally induced epileptiform brain activity in rats]. AB - Effect of the modulated electromagnetic field (MEMF) on the experimentally evoked epileptiform activity of the brain structures was studied. The effect of MEMF of 2-30 hz was shown to induce suppression of the brain epileptiform activity in 41% of the experiments. The epileptiform activity was markedly decreased in 23% and potentiated in 10% of the experiments, while in 25% of the experiments the MEMF effect did not essentially change the pattern of the evoked epileptiform brain activity. PMID- 7370409 TI - [Effect of tetanus toxin on noradrenaline release from rat brain synaptosomes]. AB - Purified tetanus toxin (TT) (80-800 Dlm/mg protein) releases both endogenous and exogenous (14)C-norepinephrine from the isolated nerve endings (synaptosomes) of the rat brain. Within the investigated range of concentrations TT does not suppress norepinephrine release induced by different ways of depolarizing the synaptosomes in vitro. PMID- 7370410 TI - [Energy metabolism and myocardial contractile activity in cardiocytotoxic injury]. AB - It was established in experiments on anesthetized dogs with a closed thorax that injection of anticardiac cytotoxix serum into one of the main branches of the left coronary artery is accompanied by regional disturbances of energy metabolism, manifested by a decrease in ATP, ADP, AMP and glycogen content, and in the contractility of a injured area of the left ventricle. Undamaged myocardium of the left and right ventricles showed a compensatory hyperfunction and an increased level of noradrenaline. The energy metabolism parameters of undamaged cardiac area do not undergo any material changes. PMID- 7370411 TI - [Change in the activity of the histamine and serotonin systems in acute obstruction of the mesenteric vessels]. AB - It was shown in experiments on 24 dogs that acute occlusion of the cranial mesenteric artery results, depending on its duration, in biphasic changes in the activity of the histamine and serotonin systems. During intestinal ischemia there was an enhanced discharge of histamine and serotonin from mast cells with activation of their inhibitors (di- and monoamine oxidase). A remarkable inhibition of the histamine system enzymatic unit apart from a fall in serotonin activity because of progressing body poisoning by substances of microbial and metabolic origin were observed during intestinal infarction. PMID- 7370412 TI - [Osmotic resistance and the adhesion capacity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes normally and in schizophrenia]. AB - A study of resistance to osmotic shock of peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donors and schizophrenics demonstrated two lymphocyte subpopulations: a low resistant subpopulation (about 20%) and high resistant subpopulation (about 80%). The lymphocytes from donors belonging to the former subpopulation popossess increased adhesiveness. 60% of schizophrenic patients lack the subpopulation of low resistant lymphocytes. Abnormal resistance to osmotic shock is characteristic of highly adhesive lymphocytes. PMID- 7370413 TI - [Importance of the growth hormone in regulating polynucleotide phosphorylase activity in the rat liver]. AB - Hypophysectomy in rats is accompanied by a significant rise in PNPase activity in ribosomal fractions of the liver. Injection of growth hormone into operated animals produces inhibition of PNPase activity. The linear dependence "dose response" was recorded with the use of a dosage range of 5 to 100 micrograms/animal. The action of growth hormone was most pronounced 18 hours following its single injection. PMID- 7370414 TI - [Urea synthesis in the myocardium]. AB - Urea synthesis was studied in the isolated rat heart-perfused with ammonium chloride (10 mM), mixtures of ammonium chloride (10 mM) and 1-aspartic acid (10 mM), 1-ornithine (2.5 mM), 1-arginine (10mM), 1-glutamine (10 mM), 1-alanine (10 mM), 1-leucine (5 mM) and pyruvate (5mM). Ammonium chloride and 1-arginine are the most effective activators of urea synthesis, while 1-leucine and pyruvate produce an inhibitory action. The possibility of ammonia hinding in heart tissue was shown by means of (15)N. The amount of urea incorporated (15)N grows as the concentration of (15)N-ammonium in the perfusate increases from 1.6 to 3.4 mM. Isoproterenol-induced necrosis of the heart muscle leads to a significant increase in the urea incorporated (15)N. PMID- 7370415 TI - [Change in RNase activity in rat liver cells in cycloheximide protein synthesis inhibition]. AB - Administration of cycloheximide to rats does not change the activity of acid and alkaline RNAases in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. At the same time cycloheximide induced inhibition of protein synthesis leads to a fall in the activity of RNAase of microsomes and membrane-bound polyribosomes. The activity of RNAase of free polyribosomes of hepatocytes rises considerably under the action of cycloheximide. PMID- 7370416 TI - [Characteristics of the steroid hormone binding system in hepatocyte plasma membranes]. AB - Parameters of cortisone and estradiol binding to plasmatic membranes of rat hepatocytes were studied by liquid scintillation radiometry. Two systems of binding these hormones were revealed in the membranes. One of the systems is specific (saturated) and binds the hormones in physiological concentrations. The capacity and affinity of this system for cortisone is significantly higher as compared to estradiol. The parameters of binding over the temperature range of 4 37 degrees C are as follows for cortisone and estradiol, respectively: dissociation constant 2.1-3 and 2.7-4.5 nM; the number of binding sites 2.0-2.4 and 0.14-0.18 nM per one g protein. Experiments with parachlormercuribenzoate indicate participation of proteins in this system functioning. The other (unsaturated) system is nonspecific, its funtioning being determined by the lipid component of the membranes. Corticosteroid affinity for hepatocytes seems likely to be due to the functioning of the specific (saturated) system of the plasmatic membranes of these cells. PMID- 7370417 TI - [Mitogenetic radiation and unbalanced molecular organization of liver cells as a function of vagus nerve stimulation]. AB - Structural changes in the molecular substrate of the rabbit liver induced by weak (subthreshold) electrical stimulations of the vagus nerve were studied in experiments in vivo by means of the liver mitogenetic radiation technique. It was shown that saturation of the liver with the unbalanced molecular structures increased under subthreshold stimulation. PMID- 7370418 TI - [Effect of xanthine derivatives on thrombocyte aggregation and other hemostatic indices]. AB - The effect of xanthine derivatives on platelet aggregation, blood coagulation and the rate of thrombus formation has been studied. Some of the compounds have proved to be effective antiaggregative agents both when added to the platelet enriched plasma and administered to the body. PMID- 7370419 TI - [Kinetics of the cell proliferation of murine mammary adenocarcinoma under the influence of methylcobalamine]. AB - The mechanism of the stimulant effect of methylcobalamine on the growth of mouse adenocarcinoma 755 was studied. More rapid growth of adenocarcinoma 755 under the cobalamine coentzyme effect is consequent on an increased proliferative pool with the stable parameters of the mitotic cycle and minimal death of tumour cells. Apparently, inhibition of DNA synthesis in the greater S-phase cell subpopulation potentiated the antitumour effect of methotrexate combined with methylcobalamine. PMID- 7370420 TI - [Circadian changes in mitotic activity and DNA synthesis in hyperdiploid and hypotetraploid strains of Ehrlich's ascites tumor]. AB - Noninbred male white mice received intraperitoneal injections of hyperdiploid or hypotetraploid strain of Ehrlich's ascites tumour. Fluctuations in the mitotic index were found both in the hypotetraploid strain at natural photoregime and in the hyperdiploid one with the period L:D-12:12 by the 4th, 5th and 6th days from the onset of tumour growth. The mitotic index reached the maximum values in the morning and in the day time. Circadian fluctuations of the mitotic and radioactive indices were not synchronous in different strains and under varying photoregimes. The data obtained point to significant differences in time organization of cell proliferation in Ehrlich's ascites tumour as compared to normal tissues. PMID- 7370421 TI - [Specific complex formation study of human immunoglobulins of various classes with their antibodies]. AB - The process of specific complex formation of different human immunoglobulines M, G and A with IgG antibody against them was investigated by the thermistor method. It was shown that the rate and intensity of the process vary with the types of interacting immunoglobulines, and that they reach maximum for IgM. From the character of the curves obtained a judgement can be formed about the immunoglobulin type being synthesized at the given moment. Disturbance of the inner structure of immunoglobulin macromolecules, e.g. during heating, leads to changes in the mechanism of complex formation, it being important what particular component underwent denaturation. PMID- 7370423 TI - [Immunological disorders in mice born after the induction of the graft versus host reaction in their mothers]. AB - Immunological status was studied in mice born after induction of the graft-versus host reaction in mothers. The young mice (under 1 month of age) exhibited lymphopenia, prolonged allogeneic skin graft survival, increased susceptibility to infection with typhoid bacteria, decreased number of plaque-forming cells in the spleen after immunization of mice with sheep red blood cells and Vi-antigen. In 2- to 3-month-old mice the analogous changes in immunity and reduced number of T lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes were seen only in those which developed signs of runt-disease. In old mice immunity to sheep erythrocytes and number of T lymphocytes were reduced; however, responses to Vi-antigen were elevated significantly. Most of old-aged mice had high levels of the serum immunoglobulins and transferrins. In some cases positive antiglobulin tests were revealed. PMID- 7370422 TI - [Immunological tolerance and antituberculosis immunity]. AB - Marked tuberculosis immunity and resistance to tuberculous infection during infecting with virulent culture of mycobacteria H(37)Rv were studied in experimental immunologic tolerance indiced in CBA mice by administering a large dose of the polyantigen BCG and the immunodepressant cyclophosphane. After BCG vaccination the tolerant animals do not develop tuberculosis cellular immunity (in accordance to blast transformation and skin tuberculin tests), with the protective effect of vaccination not brought up in a group of tolerant mice. PMID- 7370424 TI - [Effect of the preliminary incubation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes on the intensity of transformation in phytohemagglutin stimulation]. AB - Preincubation of lymphocytes in leukocytic suspension or those separated on verografin-Ficoll gradient at 37 degrees C leads to enhancement of blast transformation in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation. This effect is reversed by preincubation in the presence of soybean trypsin inhibitor (500 micrograms/ml). The results obtained suggest the participation of neutral proteinases from neutrophils or monocytes in the modification of PHA response. PMID- 7370425 TI - [Proteins of the retina and its pigmented epithelium in hereditary retinal degeneration]. AB - Water-soluble and membranous proteins of the retina and pigment epithelium were studied by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in Campbell albino rats with inherited retinal dystrophy and in Wistar rats that served as control. It was shown that early changes in abnormal animals were characteristic of retinal proteins. The proteins affected in the first turn proved to be other than cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase or opsin. The changes in pigment epithelium were recorded to take place much later. PMID- 7370426 TI - [Seasonal fluctuations in the catecholamine content in the brain of white rats]. AB - Seasonal variations in the content of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and homovanilic acid (HVA) in the forebrain and midbrain were studied in 258 male Wistar rats. The experiments were carried out monthly for a period of 6 years. The content of DA, NE and HVA varied significantly during the year, the changes in the both parts of the brain being unidirectional. The content of DA during winter and spring months was higher, while during summer it was lower than the mean annual value. The content of NA during spring months was significantly higher (by one third in the midbrain) as compared to the mean annual value. Dopamine metabolism was accelerated (DA decrease and HVA increase) in the summer months June, July, August, with the content of NA reaching the mean value. PMID- 7370428 TI - [Polyploidization mechanisms of the cardiac myocytes in the mouse]. AB - Ventricular cardiomyocytes of 5-6 day-old mice are mostly polyploid. At this time 60% of the cardiomyocytes become binuclear and another 10% mononuclear polyploids. The binuclear cardiomyocytes emerge as a result of acytokinetic mitosis, while mononuclear tetraploids as a result of the cessation of the mitosis at the initial stages. PMID- 7370427 TI - [Analysis of the depression of the mitotic activity of the corneal epithelium in white rats under chronic pyrogenal stress]. AB - It was established previously that stable depression of cell division in corneal epithelium under chronic stress is not related to variations in the index of labeled nucleus (ILN). The paper demonstrates that five-day long pyrogenal injection did not alter the daily ILN: it was 67% in control rats and 69.7% in the experimental group. Cytophotometric logical sections showed that chronic stress led to a significant increase in the number of tetraploid nuclei (from 3.2 to 7.7%). No material changes were observed in the content of nuclei belonging to other classes. No polyploidization or G(2) growth evidence were recorded either. The absence of progressive rise in tetraploid nuclei and of more pronounced polyploidization in the presence of long-term depression of the cell cycle and stable ILN is explained by circadian variations in the mitotic activity reaction to stress. During chronic stress the depression of the cell cycle observed in the day and evening time was not recorded in the morning hours at the height of the mitotic activity. This circadian shunt is conducive to maintaining modal ploidity of corneal nuclei. PMID- 7370429 TI - [Effect of helium-neon laser rays on the process of postradiation recovery in skeletal muscle tissues]. AB - Three series of experiments were conducted on the gastrocnemius muscle of rats. In the first series the entire muscles were autografted. In the second series autografting of the muscles was preceeded by irradiation of both hind limbs at a dose of 1000 R. In the third series x-ray irradiation at the limbs with helium neon laser whereupon the muscles were autografted. The transplantation regeneration was studied histologically after 2 weeks, one and two months. It was established that exposure to laser stimulates cell reparation in the skeletal muscle tissues and makes post-traumatic regeneration depressed by x-rays return to normal. PMID- 7370431 TI - [Reparative processes in the rat stomach in long-term nonhealing experimental ulcers]. AB - Gastric ulcer in rats was induced by exposure to acetic acid according to the method of Okabe. The reparative processes in the ulcerative defect zone of gastric mucosa, in adjacent and distant fundic glands were studied by the quantitative methods (determination of the cellular composition of the glands, of the diurnal number of DNA-synthetising cells, mitoses). It was established that on the 15th day after induction of the ulcer, the level of proliforation in the zone was significantly increased as compared to that in intact controls, while in distant areas it remained unchanged. By the 40th day the regeneration was effected by greater enhancement of DNA synthesis and cell division. By this time the number of regenerated glands as well as the number of constituent cells had also increased. Similar changes in the glands of the resected stomach were seen near the anastomosis over a period of 180 days after the operation. PMID- 7370430 TI - [Hematopoietic stem cell migration and differentiation in autoimmune mice of varying ages]. AB - Age-dependent migration and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells was studied in autoimmune mice (NZB chi chi NZW) F(1) of different age. It was shown that the migration rate of stem cells in old (NZB X NZW) F(1) mice decreases. Despite the age the granulopoietic differentia of stem cells was inhibited in these mice. It is suggested that (NZB x NZW) F(1) mice have either an impaired development of T lymphocyte subpopulation affecting the granulopoietic differentiation of stem cells or a genetic defect of the granulopoietic progenitors (CFU(c)). PMID- 7370432 TI - [Dynamics of the structural transformations of the microcirculatory bed of growing and atretic ovarian follicles]. AB - Synchronized populations of growing and atretic cavitary follicles in the ovaries of prepubertal mice were produced by administration of serum gonadotropin. Light and electron microscopy with the use of morphometric analysis revealed a definite correlation between the size of the follicles and their vascularization in the course of growth and atresia. The evidence obtained suggests the leading role of the microcirculatory bed initiation of atresia. PMID- 7370433 TI - [Proliferation of the rat myocardium injured in the early stages of postnatal ontogeny]. AB - Focal myocardial necrosis was induced in noninbred white rats aged 7, 14 and 30 days by injection of a small amount of 96% ethanol into the left ventricle. The animals were sacrificed days 2-30 after the operation. The mitotic index (MI) of muscle cell nuclei was determined in various parts of the heart: in the left and right atria and their auricles, trabecular, compact myocardium, in subepicardial zones of both ventricles and perinecrotic area. It was established that in the compact myocardium, myocyte proliferation is suppressed and does not renew after left ventricular injury. In the remaining zones where the control animals showed mitoses, MI of myocytes increased after heart injury. The later the injury was made the less marked was the increase of MI. in 7-day-old rats MI reached 320 500% of control on the 4th and 120-380% on the 7th postoperative days. MI rose in some parts of the heart only in "high mitotic" rats operated on the 14th and 30th postnatal days. The reparative activity of connective tissue progressed with heart growth. PMID- 7370435 TI - [Evaluation of cardiac output in pathological arteriovenous blood shunt]. AB - The paper is concerned with the development of quantitative determination by thermodilution of cardiac output and abnormal arteriovenous blood shunt in patients with congenital heart diseases. A method for graphic analysis of the curves on the basis of revealed standard ratios of the descending part heights is proposed. It allows one to obtain the values of left-right shunts similar to those attainable by the method of Fick. PMID- 7370434 TI - [Cytological organization of the gastric glands, small intestine cryptae and cortical substance of the adrenals in rats]. AB - The frequency of distribution of DNA-synthesizing cells in the intestinal crypt, in the gland of the fundus of the stomach and adrenocortical substance was studied in rats in terms of the age aspect. The common features of cytologic organization of the test organs are as follows: irregularity in the location of DNA synthesis and mitotic zones along the linear structure of an organ; density of the features investigated in the structure of an organ depending on the cell position and animal age; shortening with age of the zone of cell division in the hepatic balk, gastric glands and intestinal crypt. PMID- 7370436 TI - Alterations in surface charge density versus changes in surface charge topography in aging red blood cells. PMID- 7370437 TI - [The influence on PHA-stimulation by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro in patients with Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Adherent mononuclear cells may have suppressor functions mediated by prostaglandins (PG). In the present study we tested a large number of normal donors and patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) using PHA and the prostaglandin inhibitor indomethacin (IM). Stimulation of mononuclear cells from 24 healthy volunteers with PHA led to a mean response of 27 833 cpm; addition of IM caused a 32% increase of 3H-thymidine incorporation. The corresponding values for 30 patients with HD stages IIA-IVB were 14,064 cpm and 70% increase with IM. The effect of the drug was much more pronounced during relapse or progression than in untreated patients. There was an inverse relationship between PHA-response and per cent increase both in normal donors and Hodgkin patients. Depletion of adherent cells using Sephadex G-10 columns abolished the effect of IM completely, but PHA-stimulation was also slightly depressed. Our failure to observe an increase of the mitogen response after removal of monocytes may be related to the technique employed. However, an additional defect of Hodgkin lymphocytes must be considered. PMID- 7370438 TI - [Frequency of hepatitis B virus markers and antibodies to rubella viruses in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7370440 TI - [Platelet counting in whole blood by means of a new counter with hydrodynamic focused aperture (author's transl)]. AB - Platelet counts in whole blood were performed by means of a new particle analyzer with a hydrodynamic focused aperture (Ultra-Flo 100) and its values were compared with the results obtained by an optical counting chamber. The comparison yielded good agreement of the values within the evaluated range of 3-963 G/l thrombocytes. Especially remarkable is the good correlation of the markedly thrombocytopenic values. Equally reliable is the counting of thrombocytes in blood with markedly elevated erythrocytes. The simple procedure of sample preparing combined with the stand-by technic of the analyzer provides advantageous conditions for using it likewisely in routine and emergency laboratories. PMID- 7370439 TI - Hemophilia B with associated factor VII deficiency: a distinct variant of hemophilia B with low factor VII activity and normal factor VII antigen. AB - Factor VII activity and cross-reacting material was assayed in fresh and deep frozen non-contacted plasma in 43 patients with Hemophilia B belonging to different kindreds. Factor VII activity was found to be slightly decreased (about of 50% normal) in 12 patients, regardless of the thromboplastin used. In an additional patient (hemophilia BM) factor VII was slightly decreased in 1 : 10 diluted plasma but was normal in further diluted plasma. In the remaining 30 patients factor VII activity was normal. No significant variation was found between fresh and deep frozen plasmas. Factor VII antigen or cross-reacting material was normal. PMID- 7370441 TI - Concept of energy in biological systems and the effects of irradiations of low energies on enzyme-substrate systems. PMID- 7370442 TI - Frequency analysis of time-varying elastance model of the left ventricle. PMID- 7370443 TI - Cation binding to membranes: competition between mono-, di- and trivalent cations. PMID- 7370446 TI - The nonexistence of "hermaphroditic" tracer systems. PMID- 7370444 TI - Qualitative analysis of a model generating long potential waves in Ba-treated nerve cells. II. Complete system. PMID- 7370445 TI - Chemical modification of enzymes: critical evaluation of the graphical correlation between residual enzyme activity and number of groups modified. PMID- 7370447 TI - Heat generation in tissues. PMID- 7370448 TI - Glaucoma. PMID- 7370451 TI - How to take a cervical smear. PMID- 7370449 TI - The psychopathic eye. PMID- 7370450 TI - Anaesthesia at depth. PMID- 7370453 TI - Sternomastoid based island flap for lining after resection of oral carcinomas. PMID- 7370452 TI - Relieving the skin shortage in Dupuytren's disease by advancing a series of triangular flaps: how to design and use them. PMID- 7370454 TI - Transposition flaps of inextensible skin such as the scalp. PMID- 7370455 TI - Reconstructing the nasal tip with a midline forehead flap. PMID- 7370456 TI - Supraomohyoid neck dissection. PMID- 7370457 TI - Vascularised tube pedicle: a case report. AB - The conventional 4-stage migration of a tube pedicle extending over a period of several months can be reduced to a 2-stage procedure taking 4 weeks. By using the groin flap and revascularising its medial end by anastomsis to wrist vessels, the flap can be applied to its intended site in one stage. Four weeks later it is detached and insert. This method of transfer could sound the death knell of the tube pedicle as conventionally conceived if economics and patient comfort are to be considered. PMID- 7370458 TI - Breast reconstruction with microsurgical free composite tissue transplantation. PMID- 7370459 TI - Surgical treatment of acute chondritis of the external ear. PMID- 7370461 TI - A method for correcting the inverted nipple. PMID- 7370462 TI - Repair of midline abdominal incisional hernia by gracilis muscle transfer. PMID- 7370460 TI - The use of perichondrial flaps in the reconstruction of partial loss of the auricle. PMID- 7370463 TI - Perichondrial microvascular free transfer: an experimental study in rabbits. AB - Vascularised and non-vascularised perichondrial grafts from the rabbit's ears were transplanted to the lower abdominal wall and their cartilage formation compared. Similar results were found in both groups. Presence of blood and spontaneous revascularisation of non-vascularised grafts as well as self limitation of cartilage formation in immediately revascularised grafts seem to be the reason for these results. PMID- 7370464 TI - The repair of post-traumatic vaginal stenosis using local thigh flaps. PMID- 7370465 TI - An unusual example of necrobiosis lipoidica affecting the face. PMID- 7370467 TI - Refined technique for reconstructing the whole nose with the conchas of the ears. PMID- 7370468 TI - Malignancy following a single injury to the skin. PMID- 7370469 TI - A modification of the Manchester technique for secondary repair of bilateral cleft lip. PMID- 7370470 TI - Bilateral anomalous flexor sublimis muscle to the index finger. PMID- 7370471 TI - Post-circumcision vulval adhesions in Nigerians. PMID- 7370473 TI - A parotid tumour presenting as unilateral facial numbness, epiphora and absent blink reflex. PMID- 7370472 TI - Reconstruction of the lower lip with two flaps from the upper lip hinged on the superior labial vessels. PMID- 7370466 TI - Microvascular segmental thumb reconstruction: a case report. AB - The great toe provides an ideal source of tissue for both functional and aesthetic reconstruction of segmental defects in the thumb and can be used without mutilation of the foot. A successful case is presented of a I-stage primary reconstruction of a segmental defect of the thumb using a composite free flap transfer from the great toe containing pulp, tissue, nail and bone, with neurovascular anastomosis. The donor defect on the great toe was repaired at the same time. PMID- 7370474 TI - The gracilis muscle flap and musculocutaneous flap in the repair of perineal and ischial defects. PMID- 7370477 TI - Cushing's syndrome: a psychiatric study of 29 patients. AB - Among a consecutive unselected series of 29 patients with Cushing's syndrome 21 had bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and 8 had tumours. Twenty-five (86 per cent) were significantly depressed; three of the tumour patients, but only one of the hyperplasia group were free of symptoms so that if there are no psychiatric symptoms there is a three in four chance that the patient has a tumour. There was a family history of depression or suicide or a history of early bereavement or separation in half the cases. In six of the hyperplasia patients a major emotional disturbance had preceded the onset, and in five this was a loss. The severity of the depression was not related to the level of circulating cortisol. The depression was rapidly relieved when the tumour or hyperplastic glands were removed. Depression in Cushing's syndrome might result from a substance other than cortisol produced by the adrenal under excessive pituitary and/or hypothalamic stimulation, which could play a part in the aetiology of depressive illness in general. PMID- 7370476 TI - Physical illness and psychosis. AB - One hundred psychotic patients referred to a consultation service in a general hospital were compared with 50 psychotic patients without physical illness in a psychiatric unit. Background, mental and cognitive state were evaluated. In addition to providing a list of likely causes of cerebral dysfunction in such a sample, the study revealed an increased incidence of prior depression in those with cerebral dysfunction, and identified a group where psychosocial factors appeared more significant than cerebral dysfunction in determining the psychosis. The various ways in which a psychosis can be associated with a physical condition, and the various forms that it can take even when cerebral dysfunction is present, are discussed. PMID- 7370475 TI - "Skin and bone": the use of muscle flaps to cover exposed bone. AB - In place of the multi-staged skin flap procedures often required to cover exposed bone in the lower leg, muscle flaps offer a bonus in that the repair can be completed in one operation and at the same time the blood supply to the unhealthy area is vastly improved. Elsewhere muscle flaps bestow the same advantages and in addition provide a cushioning layer between prominent bone and the skin in the repair of decubitus ulcers. As an extension of the muscle flap technique, myocutaneous flaps have proved a useful adjunct to conventional skin flaps in the repair of many complicated trunk and lower limb defects. PMID- 7370478 TI - Cushing's syndrome, tryptophan and depression. AB - Fifteen patients with active Cushing's syndrome have been compared with 15 other patients who had been treated successfully for Cushing's syndrome and with 13 patients with other pituitary tumours. Depression was the main psychiatric diagnosis made by the CATEGO programme after Present State Examinations. Patients with active Cushing's syndrome were significantly more depressed (Hamilton Rating Scores), than were the other patients. Compared with the control patients, those with active Cushing's syndrome had slightly lower plasma concentrations of total tryptophan, though the concentrations of freely diffusible tryptophan were not significantly changed. PMID- 7370480 TI - Brothers, sisters and antisocial behaviour. AB - The brothers of 73 delinquent boys were found themselves to be more antisocial than the brothers of 73 matched control boys. Further, the average antisocial score of the probands' brothers increased with the number of brothers in the family, holding the number of sisters constant, and decreased with the number of sisters, holding the number of brothers constant. These results are interpreted in terms of male potentiation and female suppression of antisocial behaviour in boys. Results are also reported for 59 pairs of matched delinquent and control girls and their siblings. PMID- 7370479 TI - A psychological study of patients seeking augmentation mammaplasty. AB - Data from interviews with 64 women who were to undergo or already had undergone an augmentation mammaplasty were compared with data from a control group of 28 women. Great differences existed between the groups, mainly with regard to personality test data and childhood milieu. The women operated on were in general less certain of themselves and felt less feminine. These factors seem to be a sufficient basis for the appearance of the problem. Cultural norms are obviously also important but seem to influence all women in the same way. PMID- 7370481 TI - The interaction of life events and relatives' expressed emotion in schizophrenia and depressive neurosis. AB - A history of life events in the three months before onset of illness was taken in a group of schizophrenic and a group of depressed neurotic in-patients. The Expressed Emotion (EE) of the patients' key relatives was measured. There was no difference between the schizophrenic and depressed patients in the rate of events in the three month period before onset or in the proportion of undesirable events. However, the two groups exhibited significantly different patterns of interaction between life events and relatives' EE. Schizophrenic patients living with high EE relatives had a low rate of life events compared with those living with low EE relatives, whereas depressives living with high criticism relatives had a high rate of events compared with those living with low criticism relatives. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to schizophrenic and depressive patients' differential vulnerability to environmental stress. PMID- 7370482 TI - Clomipramine and exposure for compulsive rituals: II. Plasma levels, side effects and outcome. AB - Forty obsessive-compulsive ritualizers received nightly placebo or clomipramine up to 225 mgs nocte for 8 months, and received behavioural treatment (exposure to vivo) from weeks 4 to 10. Plasma concentrations of clomipramine and its primary metabolite N-desmethylclomipramine steadily increased over the first 4 weeks of treatment after which they remained relatively steady. Plasma levels correlated significantly with dose and with outcome but not with side effects. Patients with plasma clomipramine levels in the range 100-250 ng/ml and N-desmethylclomipramine levels between 230-550 ng/ml were found to improve significantly more than patients outside these ranges, thus suggesting a therapeutic window for clomipramine and its primary metabolite. PMID- 7370483 TI - The spatial distribution of depressive illness in Plymouth. AB - Diagnostic and demographic data were collected from all 2,298 psychiatric hospital admissions for affective illnesses from private households in the City of Plymouth for the six-year period 1970-1975 inclusive. Intercorrelations of diagnostic subtypes were performed, together with a multiple regression analysis against spatial and ecological data from the 1971 Census. Rate differences were related to the geographic structure of Plymouth. With psychotic illnesses, ecological correlations were low for male and female first admissions and for male readmissions. However, important correlations relating to socio-economic status, housing tenure and structure, population instability, and other sociodemographic features emerged in varying degrees of specificity for reactive and neurotic illness in males, and for all readmissions in females, largely irrespective of diagnostic subtype. Explanations for the processes underlying these patterns are offered in terms of population structure, particularly the differing vulnerability of age and marital status groups, the referral and diagnostic process, social and physical stresses in the lower socioeconomic groups, and urban drift. PMID- 7370484 TI - Male admissions to the English Special Hospitals--1961-1965: a demographic survey. AB - The social, criminal and psychiatric backgrounds of 878 male patients admitted for the first time to the three English Special Hospitals during the years 1961 1965 are examined and the implications of differences between them for research discussed. It is noted that only 35 per cent of the admission group have been discharged within a four year period. The need for long term follow-up studies is stressed. PMID- 7370488 TI - Clinical aspects of the interaction of lithium and stimulants. PMID- 7370487 TI - Attitudes of patients and relatives to compulsory admission. PMID- 7370486 TI - Age distribution at death of mentally handicapped in-patients. PMID- 7370485 TI - An extrapyramidal syndrome after lithium therapy. AB - Two patients developed an extrapyramidal syndrome after therapy with lithium carbonate. Although the clinical features of this syndrome were indistinguishable from those of drug-induced parkinsonism, it was made worse by the anti parkinsonian drug, orphenadrine. These findings were reproduced later under laboratory conditions when extrapyramidal symptoms and physiological tremor were recorded before and after challenge doses of orphenadrine. This unwanted effect of lithium carbonate may be explained by selective blockade of dopamine receptors. PMID- 7370489 TI - Radiation exposure to the paediatric patient from cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography. AB - Thermoluminescent dosimetry was used to study the dose received by 50 consecutive paediatric patients. The average thyroid exposure was 7.7 R and the average gonad exposure 0.35 R. The relative contribution of both fluoroscopy and serial film radiography was calculated and over 70% of the thyroid dose comes from the use of the roll film changer. The significance of high thyroid dose is discussed and it is concluded that serial film changers no longer have a primary role in the study of congenital heart disease. PMID- 7370490 TI - The relation between radiographic features and determinants of risk of breast cancer. AB - Mammograms were obtained from 942 normal women aged over 30 years, and were classified by Wolfe's criteria. In women with an enhanced risk of breast cancer associated with a late age at first child or nulliparity, there was a significant increase in the proportion of P2 and DY mammographic patterns which are thought to be a radiological index of risk. There was a decrease in the proportion of P2 and DY grades in women using steroidal contraceptives. However, the association between radiological and epidemiological determinants of risk did not hold for age at menarche. PMID- 7370492 TI - A penetrameter for measuring peak kilovoltage of dental X-ray sets. AB - The Ardran and Crooks penetrameter in its original form is too large to be used satisfactorily for measuring peak kilovoltage of the small-diameter beams emitted by dental X-ray sets. The adaptation of a standard production dental occlusal cassette to be used as a penetrameter is described. This small penetrameter can be used with standard-size occlusal screen film to measure peak kilovoltage between 35 and 70 kVp, and the total filtration of the X-ray set. PMID- 7370491 TI - Absorbed dose in xeromammography. AB - The authors have compared the average absorbed dose and the skin exposure per picture from conventional (30 kV, Mo anode, 0.03 mm Mo filter) mammography with that from xeroradiography (38--42 kV, W anode, 1--2 mm Al total filtration). The average absorbed dose per xeromammogram is 4--5 mGy (0.4--0.5 rad), about four times less than in film-mammography. This value is equal to that obtained by others using the DuPont "Lo Dose I" system but is an order of magnitude higher than that published in the literature for Kodak "Mini-R" and "Trimax-rare earth" 3M system. The consumables per picture are about nine times cheaper in xeromammography than in film-mammography. PMID- 7370493 TI - The radiobiological response of the thyroid. Part I: Sheep thyroid cells in culture as a radiobiological model. AB - A system for culturing sheep thyroid cells in vitro is described. The properties of the cultures may be manipulated so that they preserve in vitro the follicular architecture typical of the thyroid, or so that they undertake cellular proliferation. The cultured cells also undertake iodide metabolism. These growth and differentiation characteristics can be preserved for at least three weeks, which is sufficient time for assay of many radiobiological end-points. PMID- 7370495 TI - The effect of gate width on thallium 201 scintigraphy of the myocardium. PMID- 7370494 TI - The radiobiological response of the thyroid. Part II: Response of sheep thyroid cell in vitro to single doses of X rays. AB - The response of sheep thyroid cells in culture to single doses of X or gamma rays is described. In the absence of cellular proliferation the cells are unusually radioresistant, showing little sign of interphase death at doses up to 9 krad. The follicular morphology characteristic of thyroid cells in vivo is also very radioresistant. Iodide trapping is reduced to 50% of the control value by doses of the order of 2 krad. When proliferation is induced the cells may be assayed for postirradiation survival using a clonogenic endpoint. The survival curves are sigmoid with a Do of 410 rad and a very low extrapolation number. PMID- 7370496 TI - Assessment of scoliosis in children: low dose radiographic technique. PMID- 7370498 TI - Radiation beam profiles from the Mobaltron MS80. PMID- 7370499 TI - Facilities for radio-iodination. AB - A fume cabinet with a sloping front, fitted with a chemical absorbing filter and extractor fan, but without exhaust ducting, appears to possess considerable advantages for radio-iodination work compared with standard fume cupboards. PMID- 7370497 TI - A shredded-gel bolus material for use with an EMI CT1010 brain scanner. PMID- 7370500 TI - A new suite of programs for external beam radiotherapy isodose planning based on the RAD8 method. AB - A suite of programs is outlined which develops the ideas of the popular RAD-8 based approach to computerized RT treatment planning, but which uses real-space geometry throughout its algorithms. This, together with a higher level of modularity and complete documentation, enables other users of the software to understand the programs and adapt them to their special treatment methods. In addition, a number of new planning features are incorporated as useful options. PMID- 7370501 TI - Stress fracture of the cuneiform bones. PMID- 7370502 TI - Right ovarian vein thrombosis with extension to the inferior vena cava. PMID- 7370504 TI - Sequential imaging of the progress of acute alcoholic hepatitis with ultrasound and isotopes. PMID- 7370503 TI - Splenic accumulation of technetium 99m methyl diphosphonate in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 7370506 TI - Isoeffect curve for radiation myelopathy. PMID- 7370508 TI - Anaesthesia and efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen in radiation therapy. PMID- 7370507 TI - Morbidity from large dose fractions in radiotherapy. PMID- 7370509 TI - Potential source of error in Rad 8 treatment planning system. PMID- 7370511 TI - Guidelines for setting up nuclear medicine services in district general hospitals. PMID- 7370510 TI - Ultrasonic pancreatic scanning. PMID- 7370512 TI - A follow-up study of the earliest radiological changes in rheumatoid polyarthritis. AB - After more than 20 years devoted to the search for the earliest demonstrable radiological signs in polyarthritis, the author now offers proof that the very faint and tiny juxta-articular erosions described for the first time in 1963 (Norgaard, 1963) are the earliest positive signs of rheumatoid polyarthritis. In the follow-up study of 153 cases which showed these fine erosions on the initial X-ray examination, 148 have subsequently had proven polyarthritis confirmed by clinical or radiological methods or both. The fate of the other five is discussed. PMID- 7370505 TI - The oxygen enhancement ratio for high energy neutrons. PMID- 7370513 TI - Lymphography in prostatic carcinoma--implications for the diagnosis of metastases. PMID- 7370514 TI - The anterior fontanelle as an ultrasound window for study of the brain: a preliminary report. AB - A conventional static ultrasound B scanner with a 6 mm diameter 5 MHz transducer was used to examine the brains of 12 infants between one week and eight months of age using the anterior fontanelle as an ultrasound window. High resolution pictures were obtained allowing assessment of cortical thickness, ventricular size and intracranial haemorrhage. Comparisons of these pictures with those obtained in the same patients by computerized tomography showed excellent correlation. Ultrasound is a simple, non-invasive diagnostic technique. In this small preliminary series its performance has altered the diagnosis and influenced the management in several cases. PMID- 7370515 TI - Problems in ultrasonic monitoring of multiple pregnancies. AB - Ultrasound would seem to be an ideal method of ensuring the early diagnosis of multiple pregnancy and also affords an opportunity to measure individual fetal growth thereafter. In a programme to study multiple pregnancies the majority were diagnosed early to allow adequate regular monitoring by ultrasound. Unexpected problems were encountered however and the failure rate to obtain satisfactory fetal biparietal measurements was almost three times that in singleton pregnancies. PMID- 7370516 TI - Processing of liver dynamic studies with technetium-labelled sulphur colloid. AB - The uptake of technetium-labelled sulphur colloid by the liver was investigated by monitoring 69 patients on a gamma camera/computer system. Following an intravenous injection 30 half-minute frames were collected and summed to give a composite view. Regions of interest were drawn round the liver and over the aorta and corresponding activity-time curves were formed. A simple physiological model has been assumed and two parameters, namely total uptake and rate of uptake, were shown to give fairly good separation between the classes of normal, cirrhosis, space occupying lesions, reticulosis and hepatitis. Furthermore the uptake rate constant was also shown to be a useful indication of whether or not a reticulosis or hepatitis was in an acute phase. Principal components analysis was also applied to the liver curves producing two relevant components. However, a plot of the first against the second yielded no better separation of classes than that obtained by the model. PMID- 7370518 TI - Career prospects in geriatrics. PMID- 7370517 TI - Fluoroscopy without the grid: a method of reducing the radiation dose. AB - The anti-scatter grid has been removed from the fluoroscopic set during the course of over 80 contrast examinations performed routinely during the ordinary workload of a busy paediatric radiology department. This manoeuvre approximately halves the radiation dose to the patient during both fluoroscopy and radiography. Our experience suggests that the degree of loss of contrast consequent on the abandonment of the grid is diagnostically acceptable during many examinations performed on children (of all ages), when balanced against the lower radiation dose received. In addition, an assessment has been made of the "contrast improvement factor" of the grids in two fluoroscopic sets in common use, using tissue-equivalent phantoms of various thicknesses. Although the contrast is significantly improved by the use of the grid, to a degree dependent on various factors, the relevance of this improvement in clinical radiology will depend on exactly what information is being sought. It is recommended that radiologists should use the grid with discretion when performing fluoroscopic examinations on children and that the apparatus for such examinations should have the capability for easy removal and reintroduction of the grid. PMID- 7370520 TI - Bronchiolitis in infancy and childhood. PMID- 7370519 TI - Testicular biopsy for early detection of testicular tumour. PMID- 7370521 TI - Laboratory studies in drug-induced pancytopenia. PMID- 7370522 TI - Volkmann's ischaemic contracture. PMID- 7370523 TI - Outcome in colorectal carcinoma: seven-year study of a population. AB - All 433 patients with colorectal cancer who presented in the north-east of Scotland during 1968 and 1969 were followed up for seven years or until death intervened. The incidence of colorectal cancer in the region was the highest recorded in Great Britain. Half the patients were incurable at the time of diagnosis. Nevertheless, of the 195 survivors of radical resection 146 (75%) did not die of carcinoma during the next seven years. Men with "curable" rectal cancer showed a substantially lower corrected survival rate (42%) than women (70%), but this was due to intercurrent disease not recurrence. Comparable figures for colonic carcinoma showed no difference between men (75%) and women (77%). The overall picture of colorectal cancer has apparently not changed for 20 years. Nevertheless, earlier diagnosis and timely operation--possibly with adjuvant chemotherapy--may produce useful long-term results. PMID- 7370524 TI - Synergistic effects of a combined salbutamol-nitroprusside regimen in acute myocardial infarction and severe left ventricular failure. AB - The haemodynamic effects of a simultaneous infusion of salbutamol and nitroprusside were measured in 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction and severe left ventricular failure. Six patients also had clinical manifestations of cardiogenic shock. Ten patients received salbutamol first with the subsequent addition of nitroprusside; in the other 10 patients nitroprusside was infused first. Salbutamol was infused at a constant rate of 20 micrograms/min in all patients, while the dose of nitroprusside, which averaged 51.25 micrograms/min, was adjusted to reduce left ventricular filling pressure (measured as pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure) to approximately 15 mm Hg with reference to sternal angle. Cardiac index increased in all patients from a mean of 1.8 to 2.6 l/min/m2 while pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure fell significantly from 24 to 16 mm Hg. The adverse effects were small in most patients: heart rate did not increase significantly and systolic arterial pressure fell on average from 112 to 96 mm Hg. Ten of the 20 patients survived to leave hospital. Nitroprusside accounted for most of the fall in filling pressure irrespective of treatment sequence, whereas both drugs contributed to the augmented cardiac output. The haemodynamic benefits of this combined regimen were considerably greater than those achieved by either drug alone. Thus salbutamol and nitroprusside have synergistic effects which influence favourably the two principal manifestations of left ventricular dysfunction after extensive myocardial infarction. PMID- 7370529 TI - Indomethacin and perforated duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7370528 TI - Outcome of pregnancy after spontaneous abortion. PMID- 7370530 TI - Postpartum haemolytic-uraemic syndrome successfully treated with antithrombin III. PMID- 7370533 TI - Motor neurone disease: a demeaning illness. PMID- 7370526 TI - High-dose oral amoxycillin for preventing endocarditis. PMID- 7370531 TI - Blood concentrations of dihydroxylated vitamin D metabolites after an oral dose. PMID- 7370525 TI - Computed tomography for determining liver iron content in primary haemochromatosis. AB - Dual-energy computed tomography (CT) was used to estimate hepatic iron concentration in eight patients with primary haemochromatosis with varying degrees of iron overload. The values corresponded closely with these derived from chemical analysis of liver tissue obtained by biopsy (correlation coefficient 0.993). Dual-energy CT therefore seems to provide an accurate and non-invasive alternative to liver biopsy as a means of measuring liver iron concentration in patients with primary haemochromatosis and possibly other iron overload states. PMID- 7370527 TI - Does increased movement protect smokers from postoperative deep vein thrombosis? PMID- 7370534 TI - Setting up a drip. PMID- 7370532 TI - Treatment of spinal osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. AB - Ninety-five postmenopausal women with unequivocably wedged or compressed vertebrae in whom the recognised causes of secondary osteoporosis had been excluded were studied, 41 having no treatment and the rest one or more of six different treatments. The treatment regimens comprised calcium supplements, vitamin D, calcium and vitamin D, ethinyloestradiol or--where oestrogens were contraindicated--norethisterone, 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1 alpha-OHD3), or hormones with 1 alpha-OHD3. The seven groups were reasonably comparable in most respects except that the hormone-treated patients were younger and had a higher initial cortical area ratio than the others, and the calcium- and hormone treated groups had the best initial radio-calcium absorption. The untreated osteoporotic patients lost cortical bone more rapidly than do normal postmenopausal women. Three treatments (calcium, hormones, and 1 alpha OHD3 plus hormones) appear to be useful in modifying the disease, and two treatments (vitamin D and 1 alpha-OHD3) useless or even harmful. Vitamin D and 1 alpha-OHD3 are more safely used in conjunction with oestrogens, which protect bone against resorption, than on their own. PMID- 7370535 TI - My student elective: an Australian in Southampton. PMID- 7370536 TI - Abortion (Amendment) Bill. PMID- 7370541 TI - Dislocated and dislocatable hip in the newborn. PMID- 7370537 TI - Legal abortion in England and Wales 1968--78. PMID- 7370538 TI - Improvements in obstetric anaesthetic services. PMID- 7370539 TI - Treatment of infertility with levodopa. PMID- 7370540 TI - Debendox and the media. PMID- 7370542 TI - Guidelines to aid ethical committees considering research in children. PMID- 7370544 TI - Postoperative pain. PMID- 7370546 TI - Phenobarbitone and epilepsy. PMID- 7370547 TI - Diabetic impotence. PMID- 7370543 TI - Infant feeding in Chinese populations. PMID- 7370545 TI - Depot medroxyprogesterone and vaginal bleeding in the puerperium. PMID- 7370548 TI - Intermittent venous sampling during exercise. PMID- 7370550 TI - Compliance or unnecessary prescribing? PMID- 7370549 TI - Eating and ulcers. PMID- 7370551 TI - Eating and ulcers. PMID- 7370553 TI - Training for hospital practitioners. PMID- 7370552 TI - Prolonged intravenous use of chlormethiazole (Heminevrin) PMID- 7370554 TI - Identifying tablets. PMID- 7370555 TI - Medically qualified preclinical academies. PMID- 7370558 TI - An opportunity for Channel 4. PMID- 7370556 TI - A breach of professional etiquette. PMID- 7370561 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis. PMID- 7370559 TI - Pain and arthritis in the African. PMID- 7370557 TI - Participating in execution and medical ethics. PMID- 7370562 TI - Drugs and alcohol. PMID- 7370560 TI - Cardiac tamponade. PMID- 7370563 TI - Assessment of fitness for surgical procedures and the variability of anaesthetists' judgments. AB - Ten anaesthetists were asked to make judgments on fitness for elective operation on data derived from 200 patients. The extent of their agreement was measured using a kappa statistic, and clusters of anaesthetists who agreed well with each other were identified. Using an alternative technique, the "true" fitness category of each patient was estimated using a maximum likelihood method which estimated the error involved in making judgments on limited amounts of information. It was possible to compare the performance of each anaesthetist against the consensus and to measure deviation on an "optimism--pessimism" continuum. A simple questionnaire predicted fitness for operation by all 10 anaesthetists in 96% of cases. PMID- 7370564 TI - Prognostic importance of specific immunoreactivity in occupational bladder cancer. AB - Sixty-eight workers with a history of exposure to a bladder carcinogen were followed up to see whether changes in lymphocyte immunoreactivity to a bladder cancer-cell target were predictive of the development of neoplasia of the urothelium. A twofold or greater increase in reactivity was strongly associated with the development of abnormal urinary cytology suggestive or indicative of malignant change. Changes in immunoreactivity to a non-bladder-cancer-cell target did not have this association. The findings support the possibility that changes in lymphocyte immunoreactivity may be used to predict the onset of bladder cancer in people exposed to bladder carcinogens. PMID- 7370566 TI - Cyclophosphamide and pure squamous-cell carcinoma of the stomach. PMID- 7370565 TI - Increasing importance of plasmid-mediated trimethoprim resistance in enterobacteria: two six-month clinical surveys. AB - All clinical isolates of enterobacteria received at the laboratory were monitored for trimethoprim resistance over six months in 1978. The survey was repeated in 1979 and the incidence of trimethoprim resistance showed a slight decrease, but the proportion of resistant strains owing their trimethoprim resistance to transferable R plasmids had almost trebled. There was also a large increase in the proportion of resistant strains exhibiting high-level non-transferable trimethoprim resistance. These findings suggest transposition of genes conferring trimethoprim resistance from plasmids to the bacterial chromosome. PMID- 7370568 TI - Acute renal failure after a beer-drinking binge. PMID- 7370567 TI - Peritoneal dialysis in the management of severe hypercalcaemia. PMID- 7370570 TI - Procedures in practice. Kidney biopsy. PMID- 7370569 TI - The birth of an original paper. PMID- 7370571 TI - In defence of the community health council. PMID- 7370572 TI - Phenobarbitone and epilepsy. PMID- 7370573 TI - Plasma concentrations of paracetamol. PMID- 7370574 TI - Vomiting in paracetamol poisoning. PMID- 7370575 TI - Antenatal care and high-risk babies. PMID- 7370576 TI - Cephalopelvic disproportion and caesarean section. PMID- 7370581 TI - Eating and ulcers. PMID- 7370577 TI - Herpes zoster in pregnancy. PMID- 7370582 TI - Mitral valvotomy--value of the closed technique. PMID- 7370578 TI - Acute gingivitis as atypical infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 7370579 TI - Smoking and mortality of male doctors. PMID- 7370580 TI - Mortality in male doctors. PMID- 7370583 TI - Cycling and health. PMID- 7370584 TI - Exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 7370585 TI - Hypothermia and unawareness of mental impairment. PMID- 7370587 TI - Unwillingly to school? PMID- 7370586 TI - Control of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 7370589 TI - Blood pressure and ambient temperature. PMID- 7370588 TI - Meningococcal infection. PMID- 7370590 TI - Iatrogenic collapse. PMID- 7370596 TI - Illegal immigration and medical confidentiality. PMID- 7370591 TI - Paraproteins and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 7370594 TI - Hazard of nitrous oxide cryosurgery. PMID- 7370592 TI - Endocrine aspects of liver disease. PMID- 7370593 TI - Cutting the drug bill. PMID- 7370595 TI - Methylcellulose paint as possible cause of heart failure? PMID- 7370597 TI - Hyposensitisation to house dust mites. PMID- 7370598 TI - A sequence of pneumonias. PMID- 7370601 TI - Home blood glucose concentrations in maturity-onset diabetes. AB - Blood glucose concentrations during normal daily activities were measured in 106 patients with maturity-onset diabetes from capillary blood samples collected on to filter paper. Samples were taken before and two hours after main meals, before going to bed, and, in 51 cases, during the night. Fasting and mid-morning values were closely correlated with the mean values over 24 hours irrespective of the type of anti-diabetic treatment being given. Postprandial blood glucose concentrations remained below 11.5 mmol/l (207 mg/100 ml) when the fasting blood glucose value was 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/100 ml) or less, and repeated fasting blood glucose values exceeding 7.0 mmol/l were associated with raised blood glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations. Diabetic control in maturity-onset diabetes may be satisfactorily monitored by regular measurement of fasting or mid morning blood glucose values. PMID- 7370602 TI - Strongyloidiasis in Allied ex-prisoners of war in south-east Asia. AB - One hundred and sixty ex-servicemen who had been prisoners of war in south-east Asia during 1942-5 were investigated for infection with Strongyloides stercoralis. Larvae were found in 44 (27.5%) of the men, who had therefore been infected for 34-37 years. Direct microscopy of the faeces was the most successful diagnostic method, giving a positive result in 37 cases (84%); multiple examinations were often necessary. Faecal culture was positive in 30 cases (68%), but examination of duodenal fluid obtained with the string test gave a positive result in only 17 (39%). The mean blood eosinophil count and mean serum IgE concentration were higher in the infected men, though normal values were often found in individual cases. Clinical manifestations of isolated strongyloides infection were analysed by comparing the infected men with control groups of ex prisoners in south-east Asia without proved strongyloidiasis and ex-prisoners in Europe. Twenty-nine infected men (66%) complained of non-specific urticaria, and 13 (30%) had pathognomonic larva currens. Gastrointestinal symptoms significantly more common in the infected group were diarrhoea, indigestion, lower abdominal pain, pruritus ani, and weight loss (p <0.05-p <0.0005).The study group was thought to be reasonably representative of Allied ex-servicemen imprisoned in south-east Asia during the second world war. Probably there are many thousands of infected persons in several countries. The worm has an unusual ability to multiply, and larvae may spread throughout the body in immunosuppressed subjects. PMID- 7370600 TI - Value of outpatient follow-up after curative surgery for carcinoma of the large bowel. AB - The records were reviewed of 406 patients with carcinoma of the large bowel who had been treated at the Middlesex Hospital during 1958-62. Of these patients, 180 were followed up regularly in this hospital after radical surgery, and from six months to 15 years after operation they were seen 2319 times; 71 developed a recurrent carcinoma but, of these, 41 recurrences (58%) were diagnosed at times other than those of the patients' routine outpatient appointments, although they were being regularly reviewed. Only one patient with recurrence appeared to have been cured by further surgery. For the present, adequate education of patients in the symptoms of early recurrence, with instruction to return if any of these develop, is likely to be more effective than the unsatisfactory and time consuming routine follow-up still used in many hospitals. PMID- 7370604 TI - Acetylsalicylic acid and renal function. PMID- 7370599 TI - Give sorrow words. PMID- 7370603 TI - Comparison of Pasteur and Behringwerke antivenoms in envenoming by the carpet viper (Echis carinatus). AB - Bites and envenoming by the carpet viper Echis carinatus are common medical emergencies in parts of Nigeria, but the most effective use of the various commercially produced antivenoms in treatment has not been established. Pasteur Paris Echis monospecific and Behringwerke West and North Africa Bitis-Echis-Naja polyspecific antivenoms were compared in two groups of seven patients with incoagulable blood after E carinatus bites. In both groups spontaneous bleeding stopped within a few hours and local swelling subsided within two weeks after the initial antivenom injection. Pasteur antivenom (20-40 ml) restored blood coagulability within 12 hours in all cases, but 60--180 ml of Behringwerke antivenom was effective in only four cases. Persisting venom procoagulant activity was observed in the remaining three cases. Despite its potency in the mouse protection test, Behringwerke antivenom is unreliable and unpredictable in neutralising venom procoagulant in humans bitten by E carinatus. PMID- 7370608 TI - A case of congestive cardiomyopathy. Demonstration at the Royal College of Physicians of London. PMID- 7370610 TI - Morbidity among preschool children in Leningrad. PMID- 7370607 TI - Impaired hearing in the elderly. PMID- 7370612 TI - Procedures in practice. Laryngoscopy. PMID- 7370614 TI - The clinical chemist and the future. PMID- 7370605 TI - Interaction of lithium and phenytoin. PMID- 7370609 TI - The first year of life. Vomiting. PMID- 7370615 TI - Weight gain between dialyses in diabetics. PMID- 7370611 TI - Postgraduate education and the doctor. PMID- 7370616 TI - Abortion (Amendment) Bill. PMID- 7370613 TI - McIlroy, the media, and the macabre. PMID- 7370617 TI - Exercise testing in peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 7370606 TI - Effect of cimetidine on lower oesophageal sphincter pressure in oesophagitis. PMID- 7370619 TI - Gastroscopic evaluation of anti-inflammatory agents. PMID- 7370622 TI - Lactation and breast cancer. PMID- 7370625 TI - Legionnaires' disease and hypoplastic anaemia. PMID- 7370618 TI - The one-horse race at Moscow. PMID- 7370623 TI - Resuscitation of the newborn. PMID- 7370620 TI - Carbon monoxide yield of cigarettes. PMID- 7370621 TI - Ketotifen in adult asthma. PMID- 7370626 TI - Resuscitation of the newborn. PMID- 7370624 TI - Bone marrow aplasia associated with metronidazole. PMID- 7370631 TI - Domiciliary visits by consultants. PMID- 7370630 TI - Are health services important to the people's health? PMID- 7370627 TI - Group work with the elderly in a long-stay hospital. PMID- 7370628 TI - Emergency admission arrangements in hospital with inadequate resources. PMID- 7370632 TI - Medical advisory machinery. PMID- 7370636 TI - Closing the gap between GPs and hospitals. PMID- 7370629 TI - Possible cancer hazard associated with 5-methoxypsoralen in suntan preparation. PMID- 7370633 TI - Where have all the nurses gone? PMID- 7370635 TI - A4 records. PMID- 7370634 TI - Inner city GP's. PMID- 7370637 TI - Inner city GPs. PMID- 7370639 TI - Haemoptysis. PMID- 7370638 TI - Good relations or bitterness in hospitals? PMID- 7370640 TI - Hypnotics and hangover. PMID- 7370641 TI - Ectopic production of methionine enkephalin and beta-endorphin. AB - Immunoreactive methionine enkephalin and beta-endorphin were sought by serial dilution of tissue extracts and assay of chromatographic fractions in non endocrine tumour tissue from three patients with the ectopic adrenocorticotrophin syndrome associated with carcinoid tumours and in normal lung tissue and thymic tissue from a patient with myasthenia gravis. In all cases serial dilution of extracts showed parellelism to standard radioimmunoassay curves. The two peptides were found in high concentration in the three tumours but were undetectable in the control tissues. In a single case tested the methionine enkephalin concentration in a vein draining the tumour was twice that in a peripheral vein. In view of their profound effect on behaviour in animals and potent analgesic activity in animals and man the ectopic secretion of methionine enkephalin and beta-endorphin may modify the clinical features of a wide variety of tumours and produce some of the diverse clinical syndromes associated with malignancy. PMID- 7370642 TI - Human leucocyte antigens A, B, C, and DRW in idiopathic "warm" autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. AB - Twenty patients with idiopathic "warm" autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and 40 controls were types concurrently for human leucocyte antigens (HLA) A, B, C, and DRW. There was a significantly stronger association of HLA-B8 with the disease (chi 2 = 10.39; p = 0.018) than HLA-DRW3 (chi 2 = 3.71; P = 0.35) and the patients also showed a significant increase in BW6 homozygosity (chi 2 = 7.13; P = 0.01) and a corresponding reduction in BW4 (chi 2 = 7.13; P = 0.02). (All p values corrected for number of antigens at each locus.) These findings suggest that susceptibility to idiopathic autoimmune haemolytic anaemia is associated more closely with the HLA-B locus than with DRW3. PMID- 7370643 TI - Phenobarbitone elimination rate after oral charcoal. PMID- 7370645 TI - Ruptured spleen after electric convulsion therapy. PMID- 7370644 TI - Gastrocolic fistula in debilitating Crohn's disease: value of initial loop ileostomy. PMID- 7370646 TI - Symptomatic treatment of primary pneumatosis coli with metronidazole. PMID- 7370647 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for unexplained upper abdominal pain. PMID- 7370648 TI - Assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysms by computed tomography. PMID- 7370649 TI - Measles again. PMID- 7370650 TI - Pathological investigation of maternal deaths: a cause for concern. PMID- 7370651 TI - Management of minor illness. PMID- 7370652 TI - Procedures in practice. Liver biopsy. PMID- 7370654 TI - Second-best prostatectomy? PMID- 7370653 TI - Primary health care in Ubon refugee camp. PMID- 7370655 TI - Cerebral atrophy or hydrocephalus? PMID- 7370656 TI - Single drug or polypharmacy? PMID- 7370658 TI - Career prospects in geriatric medicine. PMID- 7370657 TI - Career prospects in geriatric medicine. PMID- 7370659 TI - Residential homes for the elderly: arrangements for health care. PMID- 7370660 TI - Psychoanalysis, psychotherapy, and health services. PMID- 7370661 TI - Services for the mentally handicapped. PMID- 7370663 TI - Antibiotic treatment for gangrenous and perforated appendix. PMID- 7370662 TI - Services for the mentally handicapped. PMID- 7370664 TI - Antibiotics in appendicectomy. PMID- 7370665 TI - Antibiotics in appendicectomy. PMID- 7370666 TI - Accidental self-inoculation with veterinary vaccine. PMID- 7370667 TI - In defence of "cranks". PMID- 7370668 TI - Lumbar puncture. PMID- 7370669 TI - Lumbar puncture. PMID- 7370670 TI - Mebendazole and hydatid disease. PMID- 7370672 TI - Cutting the drug bill. PMID- 7370671 TI - Manpower planning and accurate information. PMID- 7370673 TI - Unions and hospitals: the American case. PMID- 7370674 TI - Planned surgical admissions in a district hospital. PMID- 7370675 TI - Awareness in general anaesthesia. PMID- 7370676 TI - Prognosis of temporal lobe epilepsy in childhood. PMID- 7370678 TI - Surgical treatment of prolapsed lumbar discs. PMID- 7370677 TI - Corticosteroids and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function. PMID- 7370679 TI - Veterinary surgeons as vectors of Salmonella dublin. AB - Salmonella dublin is an important bovine pathogen, causing dysentery, abortion, and death from septicaemia. S dublin dermatitis, a little-recognised occupational hazard for veterinary surgeons, does not cause serious disability or inconvenience. During a survey of brucellosis in south-west Wales four cases of S dublin dermatitis were seen in veterinary surgeons. One surgeon was reinfected three years later. On all five occasions the veterinary surgeons had not worn or had discarded polyethylene gloves. An apparently healthy cow may serve as a latent carrier of S dublin. Thus when disease starts in a closed, protected herd reactivation of infection within the herd is usually blamed and its introduction by extraneous agents considered to be unlikely. Veterinary surgeons should be regarded as potential vectors of S dublin. PMID- 7370680 TI - A pressure profile for elastic stockings. AB - Special equipment to measure the circumferential compression exerted by an elastic stocking was used to determine the "pressure-girth profiles" of several types of elastic stocking. Once the pressure-girth profile has been determined, the pressure exerted at the ankle, calf, and thigh can be predicted for any size of limb without further pressure measurements. An excellent correlation (r = 0.96) was obtained when this method was compared with another well-established one of measuring the pressures exerted by stockings. The method has several potential applications in quality control during stocking manufacture and, clinically, in determining whether a stocking exerts a graduated pressure on a particular limb. PMID- 7370681 TI - Value of graduated compression stockings in deep venous insufficiency. AB - The effect on elastic stockings on ambulatory venous pressure was investigated in 22 limbs with deep venous insufficiency. The failure of some elastic stockings to reduce the ambulatory venous pressure in some limbs is due to the lack of graduated compression, which is caused by ankle-calf disproportion--narrow ankles and wide calves. This can be recognised by using the pressure-girth profile and corrected by specially made stockings with increased tension at the ankle. A pressure-girth profile established for each stocking enabled the exact compression exerted by the stocking along the length of each limb to be determined. Elastic stockings exerting a graduated compression between ankle and calf induced a reduction in the ambulatory venous pressure in all but one limb. The greater the degree of graduated compression between ankle and calf exerted by the stocking, the greater the fall in ambulatory venous pressure. This may explain the beneficial effect of compression in limbs with venous ulceration. PMID- 7370682 TI - Endometrial disease after treatment with oestrogens and progestogens in the climacteric. AB - A prospective study of 745 women receiving different regimens of hormone treatment for the climacteric for a total of 21 736 months was performed. There was a lower incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in biopsy specimens in the women receiving cyclical low-dose oestrogen by mouth than in those receiving cyclical high-dose oestrogen by mouth. The incidence of abnormalities in the women receiving sequential oestrogen and progestogen was lower than in either of these two groups. Among the women receiving subcutaneous oestrogen implants the incidence was higher still, but over half of the abnormal specimens were from women who had not taken their progestogen. The incidence of hyperplasia fell with longer courses of progestogen, and no hyperplasia was found in patients taking progestogen for over 10 days each month. The incidence of adenomatous and atypical hyperplasia is significantly reduced by a progestogen when taken for 10 or more days monthly. The absence of vaginal bleeding or of a regular bleeding response does not guarantee histologically normal endometrium in patients taking oestrogens without progestogen. PMID- 7370683 TI - Absorption and metabolism of oral progesterone. AB - The absorption, metabolism, and clearance of progesterone from the peripheral circulation were investigated in five postmenopausal women after oral administration of 100 mg daily for five consecutive days. Maximal plasma concentrations of progesterone were observed within four hours after ingestion of the last dose, when the range (22.11-34.18 nmol/l; 696-1077 ng/100 ml) was comparable with that observed during the mid-luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. The surge in values lasted six hours, and progesterone concentrations remained raised for at least 96 hours. Of the three metabolites studied, the plasma concentrations of pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide were most raised by treatment, the peak values ranging from 1097 nmol/l (54.9 microgram/100 ml) to over 2000 nmol/l (100 microgram/100 ml), which was the upper limit of the assay used. Concentrations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone were least raised, and the peak values ranged from 4.32 to 9.68 nmol/l (143-319 ng/100 ml). The plasma profile of 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone most closely approximated that of progesterone, although the range of maximal values was lower (7.11-16.06 nmol/l; 228-514 ng/100 ml). Plasma concentrations of oestradiol were unchanged by giving progesterone. It is concluded that the increases in circulating concentrations of progesterone and the biologically active metabolite 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, and the duration of these increases, were sufficient to modulate the biochemistry of responsive tissues. Oral progesterone may thus have a therapeutic role, and this route of administration merits further investigation. PMID- 7370684 TI - Hypercalcaemia associated with tuberculosis. PMID- 7370685 TI - Anti-static mattress as reservoir of pseudomonas infection. PMID- 7370686 TI - Are pigmented gall stones caused by a "metabolic" liver defect? PMID- 7370687 TI - Study of information submitted by drug companies to licensing authorities. AB - Reports of clinical trials included in applications submitted by drug companies to licensing authorities in Finland and Sweden in four different years were studied. Many reports were submitted, but most of the trials were uncontrolled and of poor quality. Many of the reports were unpublished, and thus, as the submissions are secret, were not available to doctors. These unpublished reports were in most respects as valuable as the published reports. Most of the reports included some information about adverse effects; the information was often deficient, but skilled analysis might increase its value. This study provides support for those who want to see public disclosure of the reports of trials submitted in licensing applications. PMID- 7370688 TI - Family trends in psychotropic and antibiotic prescribing in general practice. AB - A ten-year retrospective study of the consultations of 50 families with a city general practice was used to test the hypothesis that mothers who receive an excess of psychotropic drugs have children who receive an excess of antibiotics for episodes of acute respiratory illness. The children of the 10 mothers classed as high psychotropic users were seen twice as often with acute respiratory illness and received twice as many antibiotics as the children of the mothers who had received no psychotropic medication. The association between high psychotropic and high antibiotic use was not linked in time, and indeed the time of highest antibiotic use coincided with the time when the mother received fewest psychotropic prescriptions. It is suggested that at many of these consultations the mother rather than the child should have been treated as the patient. PMID- 7370689 TI - Convulsions in the newborn. PMID- 7370690 TI - Perinatal health services: an immodest proposal. PMID- 7370691 TI - Medical school intake and manpower implications. PMID- 7370693 TI - Medical charities and prevention. PMID- 7370692 TI - Medical charities and prevention. PMID- 7370694 TI - Gastroscopic evaluation of antiinflammatory agents. PMID- 7370695 TI - Ketotifen in adult asthma. PMID- 7370696 TI - Ketotifen in adult asthma. PMID- 7370697 TI - Interaction between lithium and carbamazepine. PMID- 7370698 TI - Prophylaxis against febrile convulsions. PMID- 7370700 TI - Compliance and epilepsy. PMID- 7370699 TI - Antibiotics for whooping cough. PMID- 7370701 TI - Phenobarbitone and epilepsy. PMID- 7370702 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with stenolol. PMID- 7370703 TI - Vomiting in the first year of life. PMID- 7370704 TI - The coefficient of static friction for infants. PMID- 7370705 TI - Ear syringing. PMID- 7370706 TI - Setting up a drip. PMID- 7370707 TI - Setting up a drip. PMID- 7370708 TI - Setting up a drip. PMID- 7370709 TI - Cardiac tamponade. PMID- 7370710 TI - Randomised controlled trials and retrospective controls. PMID- 7370711 TI - Identification of tablets. PMID- 7370712 TI - Identification of tablets. PMID- 7370713 TI - Doctors and compulsory procedures. PMID- 7370714 TI - Doctors and compulsory procedures. PMID- 7370716 TI - London's medicine. PMID- 7370715 TI - Industrial action by ASTMS. PMID- 7370717 TI - Of circulars, women, and wonderland. PMID- 7370718 TI - Progress of a cohort of trainee anaesthetists. PMID- 7370719 TI - An unusual case of gonococcal arthritis. AB - In cases of gonococcal arthritis the knees, wrists, ankles, hands and feet are the joints most commonly affected. This case is unusual because of the occurrence of gonococcal arthritis in the sacroiliac joint. PMID- 7370721 TI - Diverticular disease presenting at a special clinic. PMID- 7370720 TI - Chlamydial infection of the cervix in contacts of men with nongonococcal urethritis. AB - An investigation of chlamydial infection in sexual contacts of patients with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) was carried out to determine the clinical signs of infection in the cervix, and their response to chemotherapy, and the incidence of cervical infection in the presence of ectopy and oral contraception. In 202 consecutive female contacts of NGU the isolation rate of Chlamydia trachomatis was 35%. Hypertrophic ectopy and endocervical mucopus were present in 19% and 37% of chlamydia-positive patients respectively and, in all but one, resolved after treatment. Only 14% of those followed up after treatment developed yeast infections. The chlamydial isolation rate was significantly higher in patients with hypertrophic ectopy and endocervical mucopus. Cervical ectopy and oral contraceptives acted additively, each producing a significant effect on the chlamydial isolation rate in the presence of the other but not when present alone. PMID- 7370722 TI - Homosexuality and venereal disease in the United Kingdom. A second study. British Co-operative Clinical Group. AB - The proportion of homosexually acquired cases of primary and secondary syphilis in patients attending venereal disease clinics in the United Kingdom has risen from 42.4% to 54% over a six-year period. Similarly, over the same period, the proportion of homosexually acquired cases of gonorrhoea has risen from 9.8% to 10.9%. The increase in incidence of homosexually acquired infections in both diseases occurred in all areas but particularly in London. Thus the very considerable epidemiological importance of male homosexuals as a high-risk group should receive more, not less, emphasis. PMID- 7370723 TI - Vertebral muscles of the back and tail of the albino rat (Rattus norvegicus albinus). AB - The dorsal and ventral vertebral muscles of the back and the tail of the albino Norway rat are described and discussed. These muscles were analyzed because they are undoubtably used during the sexual posturing, lordosis, of the female rat, as well as participating in a variety of other behaviors. The muscles are described by region (thoracic-lumbar or sacrocaudal), and the classifications of Vallois are followed where possible. Of the epaxial (dorsal) muscles, the three longitudinal systems of muscles, the transversospinalis, the longissimus, and the iliocostalis systems, can be identified in the albino rat. Muscles of the transversospinalis system are fused in the lumbar region, distinct and specialized in the thoracic region, and form the tail muscle extensor caudae medialis caudally. The iliocostalis system of the lumbar region is fused with one component of the lumbar longissimus system to form lateral longissimus. Anteriorly, iliocostalis thoracis and cervicis represent the iliocostalis system. The lumbar longissimus system is represented by the longissimus component of lateral longissimus, medial longissimus, and a short-fiber component. Longissimus dorsi is the anterior continuation of the longissimus portion of the lateral longissimus. The short-fiber component also continues into the thoracic region, where it becomes difficult to separate out from longissimus dorsi. Medial longissimus represents the excursion into the lumbar region of the long, tendinous, tailbase-tail muscle, longissimus caudae; the caudal portion of this muscle is extensor caudae lateralis. The remaining dorsal muscle described is the tail muscle, abductor caudae dorsalis. The hyposomal (ventral) muscles described are quadratus lumborum and the intertransversarii, present in the lumbar region; the muslces iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus and coccygeus which arise from the medial face of the pelvis and insert onto the proximal tail; the long, tendinous, tail muscles, flexor caudae brevis and longus; and the ventral and lateral set of segmental tail muscles. The innervation of the lumbar transversospinalis muscles by the medial branches and of lateral longissimus by the lateral branches of the dorsal rami of the spinal nerves was traced and confirmed by electrical stimulation of the nerve branches. The innervation of medial longissimus is also described. Additionally, movements of the vertebral column produced by direct unilateral or bilateral muscle stimulation were observed for a number of the muscles. PMID- 7370724 TI - Neural adaptations for processing the two-note call of the Puerto Rican treefrog, Eleutherodactylus coqui. AB - Male Puerto Rican treefrogs, Eleutherodactylus coqui, produce a two-note call: a 100-msec constant frequency 'Co' note, followed by a longer, upward sweeping 'Qui' note. Previous behavioral studies have shown that males respond selectively to natural and synthetic call notes of 100 msec duration, whereas preliminary results suggest that females respond preferentially to the second note in the male's call. In the present study, we first show that the basilar papilla in the inner ear is tuned differentially in males and females. Comparisons were next made between cells in the eighth nerve and midbrain torus semicircularis of firing rate vs. duration functions in order to help determine the underlying neural mechanisms responsible for the behavioral selectivity to notes of 100 msec duration. A model for detection of vocalizations of specific durations is postulated and discussed in the light of the observed calling behavior of the male as well as the response properties of a class of cells found in the torus semicircularis. PMID- 7370725 TI - Ablations of lumbar epaxial musculature: effects on lordosis behavior of female rats. AB - Ablations of lateral longissimus, medial longissimus, and the lumbar transversospinalis system were performed singly and sequentially on female albino rats. Animals were tested postoperatively with males and by manual stimulation for lordosis. In tests with males, the strength of lordosis was rated specifically with respect to the extent of rump elevation; in manual stimulation tests, rating was based on the full lordotic response. Animals were also tested for the ability to cross a balance beam as an indication of the general status of the animals' posture and locomotion. The data from tests with males proved more sensitive in showing up effects of the ablations on lordosis. Lateral longissimus ablations and transversospinalis ablations led predictably to worsened lordosis. Medial longissimus ablations did not significantly affect lordosis. The manual stimulation data were consistent with the data obtained in tests with males. Ablated animals were not impaired on the balance beam test. The results indicate that lateral longissimus and the lumbar transversospinalis system are major participants in the rump elevation of lordosis, an early and biologically important component of the lordotic response. This information permits focus on lateral longissimus and the lumbar transversospinalis system in the investigation of the neural control of lordosis. PMID- 7370726 TI - Parametric and feature extraction analyses of the receptive fields of visual neurones. Two streams of thought in the study of a sensory pathway. AB - Two major conceptual approaches to the study of visual receptive field physiology can be identified; one, here termed the 'parametric' approach, which considers all the properties of a cell to be potentially related to that cell's functional role, and a second, here termed the 'feature extraction' approach, which regards a particular receptive field property as defining a cell's role in the visual system. The parametric approach seems most compatible with network theories of visual information processing, while the feature extraction approach suggests a localized single-cell form of visual representation. In this paper we trace the growth and development of these two approaches, from 1938 to the present, by dividing this period into four segments: 1938--1953, during which the foundations of both approaches were laid; 1953--1966, the major period of growth for feature extraction analyses; 1966--1975, the major period of growth for parametric analyses; and 1975 to the present, during which the parametric approach has been expanded by the incorporation of principles of systematics and population biology to enable groups of neurones to be studied from a biological perspective. PMID- 7370727 TI - The interpretation of variation in the classification of nerve cells. AB - Within any biological population there is considerable variation in the physical characteristics of individual members, and the understanding and classification of such populations always depends on the interpretation of this variation. A major point of this paper is that groups of neurones can also be regarded as biological populations, and that at least three distinct types of variation can be found within any neural population:role-indicating variation, which enables different cells or groups of cells to perform different functions; systematic variation, which allows different cells (or sometimes the same cell) to perform a particular function under varying conditions; and residual variation, which is principally related to mechanisms of evolution and provides the population with its biological adaptability. Examples of these three types of variation are suggested for a number of properties of retinal ganglion cell populations. A second major point is that any functional classification of nerve cells should contain multiple taxonomic levels, corresponding to different levels of complexity and interaction within the nervous system. Thus, individual cells can belong to more than one group, each at a different taxonomic level, and these groups of cells can be viewed as interacting with each other rather than as operating in isolation. A multiple-level classification of cat retinal ganglion cells is presented with two broad groups, each subdivided into two lower-level groups, and an attempt is made to identify the categories of visual function to which these groups are related. PMID- 7370728 TI - Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus in sharks. A light microscopic study. AB - In 22 adult sharks representing eight species, the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Mes V) was examined employing the Romanes reduced silved method. Morphological evidence is presented of extensive development of neurites and intranuclear communication among Mes V cells of sharks, as well as their apparent innervation by extranuclear neurons. Species differences and the possible significance of the morphology of the Mes V in sharks to certain aspects of their behavior are discussed. A brief comparison of the Mes V of elasmobranchs and those of reptiles and mammals is included. PMID- 7370729 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid contacting and supraependymal mesencephalic trigeminal cells in the blue and mako sharks. A scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Scanning electron microscopic observations reveal cerebrospinal fluid contacting and supraependymal cell bodies of the mesencephalic trigeminal (Mes V) nucleus in adult specimens of mako and blue sharks, but not in very young specimens of the smooth dogfish shark. Possible functional roles are discussed in terms of participation of cerebrospinal fluid contacting Mes V cells in a neuroendocrine regulatory system. Comparisons are made with light microscopic observations of the relationship of Mes V cells with the ventricular wall. General features of the scanning electron microscopic appearance of the roof of the ventricle of the optic tectum in sharks are described and compared to similar general features found in the third ventricle of a variety of vertebrates. PMID- 7370730 TI - Optokinetic nystagmus in the domestic pigeon. Effects of foveal lesions. AB - Using both binocular and monocular viewing conditions, optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) frequency-velocity functions were measured before and after ophthalmic laser-produced retinal lesions. With binocular viewing conditions, the range of effective pattern velocities and the upper velocity threshold increased by 20--30 degrees/sec in subjects with both foveas lesioned, and by 12 degrees/sec in a subject with only a single foveal lesion. Subjects with parafoveal lesions showed no change in postlesion binocular OKN response functions. Prelesion monocular OKN functions were obtained for both temporal-to-nasal (T-N) and nasal-to-temporal (N T) directions of pattern movement. T-N OKN functions were similar to those obtained with binocular viewing but N-T movement elicited OKN over a much narrower range of stimulus velocites. Lesions of the foveal area appeared to have little effect on N-T OKN functions, although an increase in N-T upper velocity thresholds was obtained from at least one eye in 4 of 5 animals. Thus, lesions of the foveal and parafoveal area do not impair, and may actually facilitate, OKN in the pigeon. PMID- 7370731 TI - Alterations in activity at auditory nuclei of the rat induced by exposure to microwave radiation: autoradiographic evidence using [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose. AB - Autoradiographic maps of brain activity in rats exposed to pulsed or continuous wave (CW) microwave radiation were made using [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose ([14C]2-DG). Special emphasis was given to measurements of activity in the auditory system because previous work had shown that pulsed microwave radiation can elicit auditory responses in man and other animals. In particular, one middle ear was ablated in nine rats to attenuate the transmission of air-borne sound to one cochlea. The resulting imbalance in auditory input for four animals not exposed to microwave radiation was reflected as a bilateral asymmetry of [14C]2-DG uptake at the inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body. In contrast, a symmetrical pattern of uptake at these structures in an animal exposed to pulsed microwave radiation showed that this stimulus bypasses the middle ear in eliciting auditory responses. This result established the utility of the [14C]2-DG method for demonstrating a known effect of microwave radiation on brain activity. The results also revealed responses at auditory nuclei in 4 animals exposed to CW microwave radiation. These responses, which have not been observed with other methods, were evident at the power densities of 2.5 and 10 mW/sq. cm. To exclude the possibility that CW microwave radiation produced this result by direct action on brain tissue, additional data were obtained from two rats with one cochlea destroyed. In both animals, the uptake of [14C]2-DG at the inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body was virtually identical to the uptake in animals not exposed to microwave radiation, i.e. greatest on the side of the brain contralateral to the intact cochlea. This finding, coupled with the finding of a bilateral symmetry of [14C]2-DG uptake in the auditory pathways of animals with one middle ear ablated, confirmed the hypothesis that auditory responses to CW microwave radiation originate within the cochlea. Effects on brain activity outside of the auditory system were not found in qualitative analyses of autoradiographs for the conditions of exposure to CW microwave radiation noted above or for exposure to pulsed microwave radiation at the average power density of 2.5 mW/sq. cm. PMID- 7370732 TI - Sensitivity of the mature lateral geniculate nucleus to components of monocular paralysis. AB - Immobilization of the globe by tenotomization of the extrinsic muscles of one eye reduces the encounter rate for X-latency cells in the contralateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of adult cats. The reduction in the relative encounter rate for X-latency cells after tenotomy was comparable to that previously observed in the adult cat following concurrent paralysis of the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of one eye by transection of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. Paralysis of the intrinsic muscles alone by atropinization, on the other hand, had no detectable effect upon this aspect of LGN physiology. It appears, therefore, that monocular paralysis by cranial nerve section has its effects on LGN X-latency cells through its paralysis of the extrinsic eye muscles. Furthermore, the reduction in the relative encounter rate for X-latency cells produced by tenotomy occurred in spite of early, incomplete return of mobility of the globe. Thus, unilaterally diminished mobility of the globe, in contrast to the complete, sustained immobility characteristic of monocular praralysis, appears sufficient to alter this aspect of LGN physiology in adult cats. The general observation that sensory modifications, in the adult cat, are capable of inducing shifts in the relative recording probabilities for X- and Y latency cells in the LGN has been repeatedly made. Further, recent, independent observations have provided confirmation for the phenomenon of X/Y ratio shifts in the LGN following adult-onset stimulus modification. PMID- 7370733 TI - Inhibition of flexor burst generation by loading ankle extensor muscles in walking cats. AB - The role of proprioceptive input from the ankle extensor triceps surae in the control of walking was examined in premammillary cats walking on a treadmill. The left hindlimb was rigidly fixed in one position after denervating almost all the leg muscles except the ankle extensor (triceps surae) and ankle flexor (tibialis anterior). Rhythmic alternating contractions of the isolated ankle flexor and extensor occurred in the fixed hindleg during periods of walking in the other three intact limbs. These rhythmic contractions disappeared when the isolated triceps surae was stretched so as to increase the force of the active contractions to beyond 4 kg. With maintained stretch the periodic contractions in the ankle flexor and extensor returned only after the force in the stretched triceps surae gradually decreased and fell below approximately 4 kg. Isometric contractions of the triceps surae produced either by stimulation of ventral root S1 or by large amplitude vibrations also led to the sudden disappearance of ankle flexor bursts. Inhibition of the locomotory rhythm could also be produced in all muscles of a single intact hindleg by clamping the ankle joint in a flexed position so as to stretch the ankle extensor. In all these cases, an increased rate of stepping of the contralateral hindleg was associated with the inhibition of the rhythmic locomotory activity. It is suggested that triceps surae proprioceptors signalling the presence of loading of the hindlimb extensor muscles inhibit the central generation of hindlimb flexion. During normal walking this mechanism could be of major importance during stance to prevent the initiation of the swing phase of a time when hindlimb extension is fully needed to support the weight of the animal. Thus a necessary, but not always sufficient, condition for the initiation of swing may be an unloading of leg extensor muscles. PMID- 7370734 TI - Main characteristics of the hindlimb locomotor cycle in the decorticate cat with special reference to bifunctional muscles. AB - In acute decorticate (thalamic) cats, efferent activities to various hindlimb muscles during the locomotor cycle were studied, using several complementary methods: muscle and motor nerve recordings, monosynaptic testing, intracellular recording from motoneurones, recording of fusimotor actions on single Ia afferents. The limb was fixed and peripheral influences could be either increased by exteroceptive stimulations or decreased by curarization and/or deafferentation. Our main results were the following: in all studied muscles, there is an alpha-gamma coactivation; there are pure flexor and pure extensor muscles with simple alternating activities; bifunctional pluriarticular muscles show complex activations which allow the division of the locomotor cycle into a flexion, an extension and two transition phases; alpha motoneurones of these muscles receive both flexor and extensor commands; the relative importance of the corresponding excitations depends on interactions between these central commands and peripheral inflow, especially through afferents acting according to the flexor reflex pattern. Based on these results, an attempt is made to explain how the complex and variable efferent activity can arise from an initially simple rhythmic command and produce the biomechanically adapted locomotor movement of the hindlimb. PMID- 7370735 TI - Neuronal activity of the septum following various types of deafferentation. AB - Extracellular recording of neuronal activity of septal nuclei was performed in unanesthetized chronic rabbits in the following conditions: (1) intact septal nuclei; (2) complete interruption of connections with hippocampus; (3) complete basal undercutting of septum. Additional series of records were performed in transversal guinea pig septal slices incubated in vitro. Computer analysis of activity was used. Interruption of hippocampal connections increased the mean frequency of discharges in the lateral septal nucleus 2-fold. Theta-bursts were preserved and the proportion of theta-bursting neurons increased from 28 to 42%. The mean frequency of theta-bursts was slightly augmented (mean 5.4 cps versus 5.2 cps in intact septum). Twenty-six per cent of neurons were characterized by regular, pacemaker-like discharges, while in the normal septum such units were almost completely absent. After septal undercutting the mean frequency of spontaneous activity was increased 2-fold in the medial septal nucleus. Rhythmic bursts were again preserved, the proportion of bursting neurons was close to normal (25%), but the mean frequency of bursts was significantly lower (mean 3.3 cps). Rhythmic activity was extremely regular. Neurons (21%) with pacemaker-like activity were also present. In septal slices neurons possessed relatively high spontaneous activity (mean 10.2/sec). In the majority of units (64%) activity was highly regular. Twenty-two per cent of the units possessed rhythmic bursts in their activity with frequencies of 2.0-5.1 cps. The role of intrinsic septal mechanisms and afferent influences in generation and modulation of theta-bursts is discussed. PMID- 7370736 TI - Ultrastructure of acetylcholinesterase synthesizing neurons in the neostriatum. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) ultracytochemistry with thiocholine method was studied in the rat neostriatum. AChE synthesizing neurons were identified by observing reappearance of the enzyme after application of an AChE inhibitor, DFP. Neurons in the neostriatum were classified into 6 types. All such types were demonstrated to synthesize AChE. Two types of efferent neuron (types III and IV) have shown a relatively large amount of AChE and resynthesized the enzyme in the earlier stage after DFP. A tentative model of the neuronal network in the neostriatum was schematically shown. PMID- 7370737 TI - Developmental studies of the uptake of choline, GABA and dopamine by crude synaptosomal preparations after in vivo or in vitro lead treatment. AB - The kinetics of sodium dependent, high affinity uptake of choline and dopamine by striatal synaptosomal preparations and of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) by cortical synaptosomal preparations have been examined during the development of Long-Evans control and lead-treated rats. Choline uptake was very low until 12 days postnatally, then the Vmax increased and approached adult values of 29 pmol/mg prot./min within a week. GABA uptake was somewhat elevated at birth and only after three weeks did it decrease to the adult value of 0.7 nmol/mg prot./min. Dopamine uptake was low at birth, developed linearly with age and by 30 days postnatally approached the adult value of 68 pmoles/mg prot./min. The high affinity uptake constants (choline, 0.66 microM; GABA, 4.4 muM; and dopamine, 0.31 muM) did not change markedly during development. Similar studies were conducted with rats treated at the highest lead dosage which did not result in weight loss (100 microgram lead as lead acetate/g body weight/day via intubation). Blood and brain lead determinations confirmed a substantial lead exposure. Such chronic exposure did not markedly affect the amount or developmental pattern of uptake of the putative neurotransmitters. The effect of 2.5 x 10(-5) M lead acetate in vitro on the kinetics of high affinity uptake of these compounds into preparations from 20-26-day-old rats was investigated. When uptake was assayed in the absence of calcium, lead caused a 20% increase in the Vmax for dopamine. This stimulation was reduced if samples were assayed in the presence of n mM CaCl2. The Km for high affinity uptake of these neurotransmitter related compounds was not affected by lead. In other studies, crude synaptosomal preparations were preloaded with neurotransmitter by preincubation with radioactive choline, GABA, or dopamine. Release of radioactive neurotransmitter, either spontaneous or in response to potassium depolarization, was quantitated and correlated with the presence or absence of 2.5 x 10(-5) M lead and/or 10(-3) M calcium ions. Lead slightly inhibited calcium dependent spontaneous release of dopamine. Lead also appeared to partially substitute for calcium in the potassium depolarized release of dopamine and GABA, although subtraction of the spontaneous (potassium independent) component reduced the magnitude of the lead effect. PMID- 7370738 TI - Release of synaptosomal dopamine formed from tyrosine and L-DOPA. AB - The present report compares the synaptosomal release of [3H]dopamine, continuously forming from [3H]DOPA, with that of [14C]dopamine, forming from [14C]tyrosine as a marker of dopaminergic nerve endings. For the purpose of the comparison, synaptosomal (P2) preparations from rat caudate nuclei were incubated with L-[3H]DOPA and [14C]tyrosine for 10 min and the particulates were rapidly separated from the medium postincubation. The separated fractions were analyzed for the level of double labelled (14C/3H) dopamine and the synaptosomal content of the labelled substrates. Of the total labelled dopamine formed, the fraction that was present in the medium, following the synaptosomal release, was determined. Tested were the release enhancing effects of various additions which included several known dopaminergic agents, serotonin and 5-hydroxytryptophan. The data show that the addition of dopamine to the incubation mixture to either 0.5 or 1.0 muM concentration markedly enhanced the release of labelled dopamine. Serotonin when added to 5.0 muM concentration also raised the medium content of labelled dopamine but it was ineffective at 1.0 muM. 5-Hydroxytryptophan, 1.0 or 5.0 muM, had no effect. For the comparison of the release enhancing effects of an addition on [14C]dopamine and [3H]dopamine, the corresponding release indices (release index = medium/total ratio of labelled dopamine in the presence of an addition divided by the same ratio in control (no addition) sample) were determined. The data indicate that the index of [14C]dopamine did not differ significantly from that of [3H]dopamine following the addition of either dopamine, serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptophan at any of the concentrations tested. A similar lack of difference between the index of [14C]dopamine and that of [3H]dopamine was observed following the addition of reserpine (1.8 muM), although a considerable enhancement of labelled dopamine release occurred. The addition of either amphetamine (9.1 muM) or amfonelic acid (9.1 muM) also enhanced labelled dopamine release but in their presence the index of [3H]dopamine was significantly higher than that of [14C]dopamine. Amfonelic acid preferentially raised the [3H]dopamine index at the lowest concentration of 0.91 muM that we have tested and also after only 5 min of incubation; coaddition of reserpine increased the [14C]dopamine release, thus abolishing the preferential effect of amfonelic acid on [3H]dopamine release, thus abolishing the preferential effect of amfonelic acid on [3H]dopamine. When the incubation was performed without an addition (control sample), no difference (NS) was observed between the particulate to medium distribution of [14C]dopamine and that of [3H]dopamine after either 5, 10 or 15 min. The results suggest that (a) dopamine synaptosomally formed from L-DOPA may exist in a pool distinct from that dopamine arising from tyrosine hydroxylation and (b) the observed dopamine compartmentation may be due to some mechanism distinct from any possible participation of serotoninergic particles... PMID- 7370740 TI - An improved cobalt sulfide-silver intensification method for electron microscopy. PMID- 7370739 TI - Afferent projections to the thalamus from the perihypoglossal nuclei. PMID- 7370741 TI - Ectopic glomerular structures in the olfactory bulb of neonatal and adult mice. PMID- 7370743 TI - Structure-activity relationships of a neurohypophysial GABA receptor. PMID- 7370742 TI - DNA synthesis in cultured embryonic chick cerebellar cells. PMID- 7370744 TI - Giant spines and enlarged synapses induced in Purkinje cells by malnutrition. PMID- 7370745 TI - Evidence for noradrenergic mediation of the oxotremorine-induced increase in acetylcholine content in rat hippocampus. PMID- 7370746 TI - Degradation rate of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from goldfish brain. PMID- 7370747 TI - Facilitation of spinal motoneurone excitability by 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline. AB - The effects of iontophoretic application of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) on lumbar motoneurone excitability were examined. 5-HT and NA produced long-lasting changes in motoneurone excitability as revealed by decreased threshold for glutamate-evoked motoneurone action potentials, increased rate of motoneurone firing evoked by suprathreshold amounts of glutamate and increased amplitude of ventral root and dorsal root evoked motoneurone field potentials. Neither 5-HT nor NA directly evoked motoneurone action potentials in the absence of other excitatory input. The 5-HT antagonist, methergoline, reduced glutamate-evoked motoneurone activity and prevented 5-HT, but not NA, facilitation of glutamate-evoked activity. These results suggest that 5-HT and NA enhance the effects of excitatory inputs to spinal motoneurones by actions on separate receptors. PMID- 7370748 TI - Properties of the cytoplasmic glutamyl-tRNA synthetase in high molecular weight complexes from bovine brain. AB - The glutamyl-tRNA synthetase purified 300-fold from calf brain is associated with other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in a complex whose molecular weight is about 2,000,000. However, in a less purified state, the enzyme is present in a complex larger than 5,000,000. The properties of the enzyme are the same in both complexes except for the pH optimum of the aminoacylation reaction. The presence of 2-mercaptoethanol protects and increases the enzymatic activity. gamma-Methyl L-glutamate and salicylate show competitive inhibition with respect to glutamate but kainic acid and taurine have no effect on the rate of aminoacylation of tRNAGlu. PMID- 7370749 TI - Spatial distribution of [14C]2-deoxyglucose uptake in the olfactory bulbs of rats stimulated with two different odours. AB - The uptake of [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) has been studied by autoradiography in the olfactory bulbs of control and odour-stimulated rats. The sites of highest 2-DG-uptake coincide very accurately with individual glomeruli. The other bulbar histological layers appear to be far less metabolically affected by the olfactory stimulation. The mapping of the glomerular activation has been compared in two groups of animals stimulated with two different odours. The patterns of selective glomerular 2-DG-uptake are rather similar within each group. They differ from one group to the other by the number and localization of the highly labelled glomeruli. It can be inferred from our observations that a few glomeruli are metabolically highly activated by a strong and pure odour stimulation. A correlation between the quality of the odour and the pattern of glomerular activation may be supposed but has to be confirmed with other compounds. PMID- 7370750 TI - Cholecystokinins in rat cerebral cortex: identification, purification and characterization by immunochemical methods. AB - Cholecystokinins in rat cerebral cortex were studied by radioimmunoassay using an antiserum specific for the COOH-terminus of CCK8. Total concentrations of immunoreactive CCK in cortex were 3-4 fold higher than in jejunum. Rat cerebral CCK was purified by immuno-affinity adsorption to the IgG fraction of CCK antisera conjugated to Sepharose beads, and by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Over 90% of immunoreactive CCK in cortex was accounted for by a factor with the properties of synthetic CCK8, and by a closely related slightly less acidic peptide. In contrast, intestinal CCK consisted of about equal amounts of CCK8-like activity and a larger less acidic immunoreactive component. In both cortex and intestine CCK8-like activity was obtained in substantially higher yield after extracting at neutral pH in boiling water than after extracting in either 0.2 M HCl or 0.5 M acetic acid. However, the larger molecular weight forms of CCK in the intestine were recovered in similar yield by acid and neutral extraction. The principal large form of rat CCK was distinguishable from porcine CCK33 on the basis of both optimum extraction conditions and chromatographic properties. It is suggested that the different distribution of immunoreactive CCK in rat brain and gut can be explained in terms of different biosynthetic processing pathways. PMID- 7370751 TI - Effects of food restriction on the periodicity of corticosteroids in plasma and on monoamine concentrations in discrete brain nuclei. AB - The concentrations of plasma corticosteroids and of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in microdissected brain regions were measured at 08.00, 12.00 and 20.00 h in male rats fed ad libitum and in rats whose food intake was restricted to 09.30-11.30 h. In ad libitum fed animals, plasma corticosteroids were lowest at 08.00 and highest at 20.00 h. As demonstrated previously, restriction of food availability was associated with appearance of a peak in corticosteroids at 08.00 h. In ad libitum fed animals, serotonin and dopamine concentrations in the median eminence were higher at 20.00 than at 08.00 h. Restriction of food availability significantly decreased the levels of these neurotransmitters at 20.00 h. In the paraventricular nucleus, amygdala, and hippocampus of ad libitum fed animals, serotonin levels were lower at 20.00 than at 08.00 or 12.00 h. In food-shifted animals, this pattern was reversed so that lowest levels of serotonin occured at 08.00 and markedly elevated levels were observed at 12.00 and 20.00 h. No changes were noted in norepinephrine content of the median eminence or paraventricular nucleus of ad libitum fed or food restricted animals. These results indicate that the shift in the periodicity of corticosteroid secretion produced by a restricted feeding regime is accompanied by changes in the periodicity of neurotransmitter concentrations in specific regions of the brain, and that such patterns are dissimilar in different regions. PMID- 7370752 TI - Effects of muscimol and picrotoxin on single unit activity of substantia nigra neurons. AB - Intravenous administration of the GABA agonist, muscimol, caused dose-dependent increases in the unit activity of substantia nigra pars compacta (dopamine) neurons and an inhibition of nigral pars reticulata cells. The depressant effects of the drug upon reticulata neurons were reversible by subsequent administration of the GABA antagonists, picrotoxin and bicuculline HCl. However, the stimulatory effects of i.v. muscimol upon dopamine neurons were not abolished by these agents. Intravenous administration of picrotoxin alone caused only moderate increases in the activity of dopamine neurons (31% over baseline at 7.0 mg/kg), but markedly stimulated the firing of pars reticulata cells (154% over baseline at 7.0 mg/kg). In spite of the stimulation of dopamine neurons after i.v. muscimol, microiontophoresis of GABA and muscimol could inhibit the firing of both pars compacta and pars reticulata cells, although the reticulata neurons were much more sensitive to the inhibitory actions of these agents than the dopamine neurons. Considered together, these studies suggest that a population of neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata have the capacity to be more affected by a major GABA input to the nigra than the pars compacta dopamine neurons. The results further suggest that if the dopamine cells are regulated by GABAergic neurons of the striatonigral pathway, their regulation must be indirect and could involve a second inhibitory neuron within the nigra. PMID- 7370753 TI - Projections of the aortic nerve to the nucleus tractus solitarius in the rabbit. PMID- 7370754 TI - Factors affecting the recording of visual-evoked potentials from the deaf cat primary auditory cortex (AI). PMID- 7370755 TI - Responses of pontine nuclei cells to electrical stimulation of the lateral and suprasylvian gyrus in the cat. PMID- 7370756 TI - Postsynaptic depression of Mauthner cell-mediated startle reflex, a possible contributor to habituation. PMID- 7370757 TI - Hemispheric asymmetry of norepinephrine distribution in rat thalamus. PMID- 7370758 TI - Analysis of regional concentrations of piperidine in the brain by mass fragmentography. PMID- 7370759 TI - Correlation with superior cervical sympathetic ganglion and sympathetic nerve innervation of intracranial artery-electron microscopical studies. AB - When the superior cervical ganglion was resected in dogs, nerve degeneration in arterial walls began after about 28 h and marked degenerative substance was shown after 40-48 h; after 4 days the small cored vesicles of adrenergic axons disappeared. The same condition was seen after 3 months, but after 6 months the small cored vesicles were again visible. When the middle cerebral artery was examined by separating it into the perforating artery near to the internal carotid artery and the peripheral portion of the middle cerebral artery, degeneration of the nerve fibers of the arterial walls occurred earlier in the more proximal portion. The distribution of adrenergic nerve fibers from the superior cervical ganglion is bilateral in the anterior cerebral artery from the anterior communicating artery to the peripheral region, basilar artery, and vertebral artery, but ipsilateral only in the anterior cerebral artery as far as the anterior communicating artery, middle cerebral artery, posterior communicating artery, posterior cerebral artery and superior cerebellar artery. Degeneration of nerve fibers of the walls of these cerebral arteries was not seen ever after stellate ganglionectomy in both sides. PMID- 7370760 TI - Processing of intensity-correlated information in an acoustic-autonomic reflex system. AB - The extraction and utilization of sound level changes in acoustic-autonomic reflex systems were studied on a vasoconstriction response in the tail of nonanesthetized rats. The vasoconstriction was found to depend on sound level and changes of level in the following ways. (a) It increased as a linear function of sound level (in dB) of short noise bursts. (b) It habituated during stimulation with a constant sound. (c) It was re-elicited by changes in the level of ongoing sound. (d) Its size, in response to a 10 dB increase in an on-going sound, was determined by the total level reached, and not by the size of the change. (e) Its size, in response to an increase varying from 5 to 50 dB, was equal if the total level reached was the same. (f) It gradually decreased if the stimulus steps were of less than 5 dB. The results are interpreted to show the existence of sound level specific information channels and level-specific habituation phenomena. PMID- 7370761 TI - Localization of motoneurons controlling the extraocular muscles of the rat. AB - The localization of extraocular motoneurons in the rat was investigated by injecting horseradish peroxidase and [125I]wheat germ agglutinin as retrograde tracer substances into individual eye muscles. The organization of subnuclei was found to be most similar to the rabbit. The subgroups representing the medial rectus and inferior rectus muscles are located in the rostral two thirds of the ipsilateral oculomotor nucleus (nIII) with some medial rectus motoneurons scattered laterally along the edge of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The motor pool controlling the inferior oblique muscle is located in the middle third of the ipsilateral nIII. The motoneurons of the superior rectus muscle are in the caudal two-thirds of contralateral nIII while the levator palpebrae muscle has a bilateral innervation in the oculomotor nucleus. The motoneurons of the superior oblique are located in the contralateral trochlear nucleus although a few labeled neurons were scattered laterally in amongst the fibers of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The cell bodies of lateral rectus motoneurons are not homogeneously distributed throughout the ipsilateral abducens nucleus. A regional separation between the latter and internuclear neurons was found after injecting HRP into the oculomotor nucleus. PMID- 7370762 TI - Effects of locus coeruleus lesions on morphine-induced antinociception. AB - These studies were designed to examine the role of the norepinephrine-containing cells comprising the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) in the mediation of pain perception and morphine-induced antinociception. Nociceptive threshold and morphine-induced analgesia were measured following monosodium-L-glutamate lesions of the LC and adjacent tegmentum (nucleus parabrachialis ventralis; PBV) at 17, 24 and 31 days after surgery. Nociceptive thresholds assessed by the tail flick and hot plate assays were not altered following lesions which included both the LC and PBV (Group 1) or by lesions of the PBV (Group 2) alone. Examination of lesion-induced effects on the capacity of morphine to induce analgesia revealed that damage which included both LC and PBV as well as that confined primarily to the PBV resulted in attenuation of analgesia induced by morphine. Those lesions which involved the LC altered norepinephrine content in the cortex, spinal cord and medial brain stem; however, no correlation could be demonstrated between the attenuation of morphine-induced analgesia and the changes in norepinephrine content of the brain regions examined. Thus, destruction of the LC does not appear to be responsible for the decreased effectiveness of morphine. The only region consistently damaged in both groups 1 and 2 was the ventral parabrachial nucleus. Therefore, we tentatively conclude that destruction of the PBV was responsible for the observed attenuation of morphine analgesia. PMID- 7370763 TI - Nucleus accumbens to globus pallidus GABA projection: electrophysiological and iontophoretic investigations. AB - Extracellular recordings were obtained from neurons in the nucleus accumbens and globus pallidus of urethane anesthetized rats. Eight neurons in the nucleus accumbens were activated antidromically following stimulation of the globus pallidus. Calculated conduction velocities were 0.4-1.5 m/sec, indicative of small unmyelinated fibers. A total of 74 of 153 neurons in the globus pallidus responded to stimulation of the nucleus accumbens. Of these neurons 4 (2.7%) were excited only, 46 (30.1%) were inhibited only and 24 (15.7%) had sequential effects to excitation and inhibition. Iontophoretic application of picrotoxin was found to attenuate or abolish the poststimulus inhibition in one-half of the neurons examined. The 74 neurons which responded to stimulation of the nucleus accumbens had slower firing frequencies and generally more random firing patterns than neurons which did not respond to stimulation. Fifty-three per cent of all globus pallidus neurons examined had increased spontaneous firing frequencies following the iontophoretic administration of picrotoxin alone. This is indicative of the removal of a tonic GABA input onto these neurons. Most neurons examined had decreased spontaneous firing frequencies following the iontophoretic application of GABA which could be blocked by the iontophoretic application of picrotoxin. The results from antidromic activation, slow conduction velocity, sensitivity to GABA and picrotoxin, and picrotoxin attenuation of the poststimulus inhibitory effect provide evidence of a direct GABAergic projection from the nucleus accumbens to the globus pallidus in the rat. PMID- 7370764 TI - Postnatal development of presynaptic terminals in the gigantocellular tegmental field (FTG) of the rat. AB - Presynaptic boutons of the gigantocellular tegmental field (FTG) of the brain stem reticular formation were analyzed by sterological techniques for changes in numerical and volumetric density during early postnatal development. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that presynaptic boutons increased in numerical density and volumetric fraction during the first 15 postnatal days. By day 15, the presynaptic boutons had reached the numerical density and volumetric fraction seen in the adult tissue. Myelination was not evident ultil day 10 and by day 30 contributed over 45% to the total volume of the FTG tissue. Presynaptic boutons were differentiated into those with spherical vesicles and those with predominantly polymorphic (i.e. oblong) vesicles. Both types of presynaptic boutons were present at day 1, but over the next 30 days the percentage of boutons with polymorphic vesicles increased to over 40%. These results revealed that the FTG region of the rat demonstrates its synaptogenic period during the earliest postnatal days. The differentiation of the synapse into two types within the FTG region suggests a morphological basis for alterations in function during early maturation. PMID- 7370765 TI - The organization of the visual hyperstriatum in the domestic chick. I. Topology and topography of the visual projection. AB - The organization of the visual projection to the hyperstriatum, or Wulst, in the domestic chick has been investigated using extracellular recording with microelectrodes. The entire visual field of the contralateral eye projects retinotopically into the Wulst. The superior and inferior margins of the visual field are represented, respectively, in the posterior and anterior regions of the visual projection area. The projection of the nasal and temporal margins of the visual field is more complex, the superior and inferior parts of the temporal hemi-field being represented in the superficial and deep regions of the Wulst respectively, with an intervening projection of the nasal hemi-field at an intermediate depth. Visually responsive units appear to be restricted to the accessory hyperstriatum (HA) and possibly also to a narrow, medial region of the intercalated nucleus (HIS). Visual-evoked activity was never detected in the dorsal hyperstriatum (HD) or ventral hyperstriatum (HV). The organization found in the chick is discussed in relation to the previous physiological and anatomical findings of other workers in the visual Wulst of the pigeon and the owl. PMID- 7370766 TI - The organization of the visual hyperstriatum in the domestic chick. II. Receptive field properties of single units. AB - The functional properties of cells in the visual hyperstriatum have been studied in the anaesthetized, paralyzed, domestic chicken. Of 426 units 62% were activated by visual targets presented within a circumscribed region of the visual field of the contralateral eye. 13% were activated only by poor defined stimuli, such as a diffuse flash, and had no localized receptive fields. The remaining 25% were unresponsive. Of the cells with localized fields, 22% had circular, apparently uniform ON-OFF fields when explored with static spots of light. When stimulated with moving edges or bars a few showed a slight degree of orientation selectivity or directional asymmetry which only became apparent when responses were averaged. The remaining 78% responded optimally to moving bars or edges of a particular orientation. Less than 10% of these showed selectivity for stimulus length. Absolute directional selectivity was not seen, though a small proportion showed directional bias. Receptive field sizes were in the range of 20-45 degrees for all cells, with the exception of those few which were selective for stimulus length; these had field centres about 5-10 degrees across. Binocular cells were extremely rare, and cells driven exclusively from the ipsilateral eye were not found. The organization of the chick hyperstriatum is compared with that of the visual cortex in some lower mammals and the possible usefulness of the system for studies of the effects of visual deprivation is discussed. PMID- 7370767 TI - Thermosensitivity of the extrahypothalamic brain stem in conscious goats. AB - In 5 conscious goats, 84 experiments with 881 perfusion periods were performed to explore the brain stem between the rostral medulla and preoptic region for thermo sensitive structures involved in temperature regulation. The chronically implanted thermodes consisted of 24 or 27 single probes, which were arranged in 8 or 9 rows. The rows of probes were individually perfused with water of 25-46 degrees C to produce discrete temperature stimuli along the brain stem. When the animals were exposed to an air temperature of +4 degrees C, local cooling at various levels of the lower brain stem augmented shivering and increased heat production, which was not regularly followed by a rise in rectal temperature. Ongoing shivering was reduced by local warming of the same sites. In comparison to the effects of hypothalamic thermal stimuli, the magnitude of the lower brain stem responses was reduced. At an air temperature of +30 degrees C local warming of discrete areas of the lower brain stem increased panting and caused a significant rise in respiratory evaporative heat loss. However, panting and shivering were not affected by the same site, and the effective sites of the various animals were not found at corresponding anatomical positions. Thus, thermosensitive sites which are not associated with defined anatomical structures, appear to be dispersed in the lower brain stem of the goat and to interfere with the temperature regulating system. PMID- 7370768 TI - Changes in central cholinergic neurons in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - The activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was measured in discrete areas of the brain in 4-, 8- and 12-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SH rats) and age matched Wistar Kyoto (WKY rats) controls. The concentration of acetylcholine (ACh) was also measured in certain hindbrain nuclei of 12 week SH and WKY rats. An increase in the ChAT activity and ACh concentration in the locus coeruleus was detected in 12-week-old SH rats. Decreases in the ChAT activity were found in several hypothalamic nuclei of SH rats, specifically in the paraventricular nucleus of 4-week-old rats, in the dorsomedial nucleus at 8 and 12 weeks and in the posterior hypothalamic nucleus at 12 weeks. Changes in ChAT activity were also detected in 4- and 8-week-old SH rats in the anterior ventral thalamus and in the nucleus gigantocellularis. These results suggest that cholinergic nerve activity in certain rat brain areas, several of which play a role in cardiovascular control, is altered in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7370769 TI - Cholinergic neuronotrophic factors: V. Segregation of survival- and neurite promoting activities in heart-conditioned media. AB - Chick embryo ciliary ganglionic (CG) neurons will not survive in monolayer culture unless special supplements are provided in the medium. We have previously reported that two such supplements, chick embryo extract and medium conditioned over chick heart cell cultures (HCM) share the capacity to support survival of CG neurons but differ in their neurite-promoting effects. Thus, embryo extract elicited neuritic outgrowth only on collagen and HCM did so only on polyornithine (PORN), although both agents supported neuronal survival on both substrata. We report here the separation and quantitation of two different HCM components. One is a trophic agent which supports survival of CG neurons on either collagen or PORN, but does not seem to adsorb to either substratum. The other is a neurite promoting factor (NPF) which adsorbs to PORN but not to collagen. Overnight incubation of HCM on PORN yields two products: (i) an NPF-deprived HCM, that has no neurite-promoting activity and (ii) an NPF-coated PORN, that promotes neuritic development of CG neurons trophically supported by either embryo extract or NPF deprived HCM. CG requirements for neuritic outgrowth were also examined in explant cultures. No neurites were present after 24 h when explants were cultured in plain medium on PORN. Very extensive radial neuritic outgrowth was observed when explants were cultured in HCM on fresh PORN, or in NPF-deprived HCM on NPF derivatized PORN. In contrast to what happens with dissociated cells, neuritic outgrowth was also present when ganglia were cultured in NPF-deprived HCM on fresh PORN. However, neurites grew radially only to a limited extent, after which they adopted a circular pattern grossly concentric to the ganglionic explant. It is proposed that explanted ciliary ganglia produce a neurite-promoting factor that coats the PORN substratum in widening circles. PMID- 7370770 TI - Responses of paraventricular and supraoptic units to angiotensin II, sar1-ile8 angiotensin II and hypertonic NaCl administered into the cerebral ventricle. AB - Extracellular recordings of action potentials were made from neurones antidromically identified as neurosecretory cells in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of urethane-anesthetized female rats. Eighty-six neurones were examined for their responsiveness to 10 ng of angiotensin II (AII) injected into the third cerebral ventricle and 78 (91%) of them increased their firing rate following the AII injection. None of the neurosecretory cells tested showed a response to the intraventricular (IVT) injection of isotonic NaCl. Thalamic neurones and non-neurosecretory hypothalamic neurones did not respond to the AII given IVT. Firing activity of 13 neurosecretory neurones was recorded during reflex milk ejection induced by suckling pups in the lactating rats. Seven of them were classified as oxytocinergic cells because they showed a burst of activity before reflex milk ejections and the remaining 6 neurones which gave no burst of firing before milk ejections were classified as nonoxytocinergic neurones. The IVT application of AII resulted in activation of all the oxytocinergic neurones and 5 of the 6 non-oxytocinergic neurones. The effect of AII on the firing of the neurosecretory cell was inhibited by the simultaneous application of Sar1-Ile8-AII (1 microgram), a competitive AII antagonist. The IVT injection of the antagonist alone inhibited the spontaneous firing of the neurosecretory cells, but it did not affect the firing of thalamic or non neurosecretory hypothalamic neurones. Hypertonic NaCl (0.85 M NaCl, 1 mu1 IVT) also activated 13 of 20 neurosecretory cells tested. Combined application of AII and hypertonic NaCl elicited a marked potentiation of the response of neurosecretory cells to each of the stimuli. These findings indicate that AII activates neurosecretory cells stimulating specific AII receptors in the brain and that AII has a synergistic action with hypertonic NaCl. Inhibition of spontaneous activity of neurosecretory cells by a competitive AII antagonist suggests that endogenous AII may participate in the maintenance of basal activity of neurosecretory cells. PMID- 7370771 TI - DSP-4: a novel compound with neurotoxic effects on noradrenergic neurons of adult and developing rats. AB - The pharmacological actions of the compound N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2 bromobenzylamine hydrochloride (DSP-4) are compatible with a specific neurotoxic effect on both peripheral and central noradrenergic neurons. The systemic injection of DSP-4 to adult rats transiently alters sympathetic neurons in the periphery but in the central nervous system the compound determines a marked and prolonged reduction of noradrenaline (NA) levels in all brain regions studied. When DSP-4 was injected systemically to rats at birth in doses ranging from 6.25 to 100 micrograms/g, no changes were found in peripheral sympathetic neurons 40 days later. On the contrary, in the same conditions and in relation to the dose injected, there were marked and persistent changes in the levels of NA in different regions of the brain. In the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord, the neonatal injection of SDP-4 produced a marked and long-lasting depletion of NA levels, similar to that observed after injection of the compound to adult rats. These changes were accompanied by a moderate increase in brain stem NA and a marked elevation of the amine in the cerebellum. These changes, different from the depletion observed in both regions when the compound was given to adult rats, are however similar to those observed after the neonatal injection of the neurotoxic compounds 6-hydroxydopamine or its precursor amino acid, 6 hydroxydopa. This indicates that probably central noradrenergic neurons respond in the same manner after different chemical injuries. DSP-4 crosses the placental barrier because when it was given to pregnant rats at the end of gestation, long term changes were found in brain NA levels in their offspring, similar to those produced by the neonatal administration of the compound. This new neurotoxic compound provides a very useful tool for the study of noradrenergic neurons both in adult animals and during ontogenesis. PMID- 7370772 TI - Bombesin-induced poikilothermy in rats. AB - The effect of ambient temperature (Ta) on the rectal temperature (Tre) response to intraventricular injection of bombesin has been evaluated in conscious adult male rats. At Ta = 4 degrees C, bombesin (50 ng-1 microgram) caused a marked hypothermia which was dose-dependent both in terms of the magnitude and of the duration of the response. The bombesin-induced hypothermia was reduced at Ta = 24 degrees C, whereas at Ta = 31 or 33 degrees C, the peptide (1 microgram) failed to affect Tre.AtTa = 36 degrees C, bombesin 1-10 micrograms induced an elevation in Tre. The hyperthermia observed at high Ta could be reversed to hypothermia by transferring rats to cold. The analogs [d-Trp8]bombesin or [d-Leu13]bombesin, tested under the same conditions, failed to produce significant changes in Tre. These findings demonstrate that bombesin appears to act in the brain as a poikilothermic agent by disrupting thermoregulation at temperatures below or above thermoneutrality. PMID- 7370773 TI - Acute FeCl3-induced epileptogenic foci in cats: electrophysiological analyses. AB - Fifteen cats were rendered acutely epileptic via transpial iontophoresis of ferric ions. Extracellular electrical activity of individual cortical neurons was temporally correlated with ECoG epileptic spikes. Each unit's activity was characterized as excited, inhibited, or unaffected. The spatial coordinates of each neuron were logged, thereby generating a 3-dimensional activity map. Discharge patterns were further classified as bursting or non-bursting. A significantly increased population of inhibited cells was detected at radial distances greater than 3 mm from the iontophoretic site. This increase was at the expense of "unaffected-bursting" cells. Pathological discharge patterns, including units which fired in long-first-interval bursts, were common in the focus. A system was designed to electronically calculate single-unit firing probability before, during and after surface epileptiform spikes. An 8-12 Hz oscillation in firing probability level, time-locked to the epileptic spike, was observed in most excited-bursting units. Many of these findings in the ferric induced epileptic focus accurately model the electrophysiological characteristics previously reported for human epileptic foci examined at neurosurgery. PMID- 7370774 TI - Projections from non-visual cortical areas to the superior colliculus demonstrated by retrograde transport of HRP in the cat. PMID- 7370775 TI - Pontocerebellar projections to the paraflocculus in the rat. PMID- 7370776 TI - Aberrant hippocampal mossy fibers in cats. PMID- 7370777 TI - Afferent inputs to caudate output neurons as monitored by antidromic spike invasion of the cell soma. PMID- 7370778 TI - Structural abnormalities in the olfactory bulb of the Reeler mouse. PMID- 7370779 TI - Responses dependent on alkaline earth cations (Ca, Sr, Ba) in dorsal root ganglion cells of the adult mouse. PMID- 7370780 TI - Motor and sensory centers for the innervation of mandibular and sublingual salivary glands: a horseradish peroxidase study in the dog. AB - Horeradish peroxidase was injected at multiple sites in the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands in order to label the preganglionic salivatory neurons in the brain stem. The same injections resulted in retrograde labeling of the sympathetic and sensory neurons that project to these glands. Labeled fusiform and multipolar salivatory neurons were found ipsilaterally in the lateral reticular formation of the medulla where they extended over the rostral four fifths of the facial nucleus and the caudal one-third of the dorsal nucleus of the trapezoid body. The vast majority of the small and medium-sized, labeled neurons appeared in thally at the ventral and lateral aspects of the facial nucleus. Enzyme injections into these glands labeled sympathetic neurons that were concentrated in the caudal one-third of the ipsilateral cranial cervical ganglion. Labeled sensory neurons were distributed randomly in the ipsilateral proximal vagal and geniculate ganglia. Large numbers of sensory neurons were concentrated ventromedially within the mandibular zone of the trigeminal ganglion. PMID- 7370781 TI - Projections from the brain stem reticular formation to laminae I and II of the spinal cord. Studies using light and electron microscopic techniques in the North American opossum. AB - The horseradish peroxidase and autoradiographic methods show that laminae I and outer II are innervated by the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis pars ventralis, and the nucleus reticularis pontis pars ventralis. Both areas contain neurons of the indolamine type and probably account for the indolamine-like varicosities which are present within laminae I and II. Degeneration materiom the above nuclei end on small dendritic shafts and spines as well as on vesicle filled proflies. The terminals identified formed asymmetrical contacts and contained clear as well as dense-cored vesicles. No terminals were present within glomeruli. A projection to laminae I and outer II also arises within the dorsolateral pons and several ines of evidence suggest that it is catecholaminergic. The electron microscope revealed that axons from the dorsolateral pons are fairly numerous within laminae I and II, but that terminal contacts are relatively rare. Those present are asymmetrical and alternate with intermediate-sized dendrites. They contain clumps of clear, spherical vesicles as well as larger vesicles with a variety of dense cores. PMID- 7370782 TI - Electrophysiological correlates of the reversed postoptokinetic nystagmus in the rabbit: activity of vestibular and floccular neurons. AB - Unit activity changes accompanying the optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and reversed postoptokinetic nystagmus (RPN) in the rabbit were examined in 180 vestibular and floccular neurons. After initial charging of the RPN generator by 60-min optokinetic stimulation, a sequence of 1-min optokinetic stimulation (OKN) followed by 1-min darkness (RPN) and 1-min illumination of the stationary optokinetic drum (L), was cycled while corresponding unit activity changes were recorded during 3--5 cycles and evaluated with a computer. About 50% of vestibular neurons (type A) increased their activity during OKN and/or decreased it during RPN with respect to the L period, whereas 24% (type B) reached in a reciprocal manner. The remaining neurons were either unaffected or responded in an atypical way. Most floccular neurons (75%) were activated during ipsilateral optokinetic stimulation, but were not significantly affected by RPN. It is suggested that the neural trace of RPN develops in the vestibular complex and vestibulocerebellum as a part of the process compensating for the effect of continued optokinetic stimulation. PMID- 7370783 TI - Electron probe microanalysis of isolated brain capillaries poisoned with lead. AB - The blood-brain barrier has been proposed as an important site for the toxic action of lead in the central nervous system. To investigate this, capillary endothelial cells were isolated from rat cortex and exposed to lead in vitro. Tissue suspensions were then prepared for electron microscopy and X-ray microprobe analysis. In cells exposed in vitro to lead, electron-dense deposits were observed within mitochondria. With X-ray analysis, it was determined that these intramitochondrial deposits contained lead in a non-crystalline matrix. Also, lead appeared to be accumulated in the same intramitochondrial areas as calcium. The results suggest that lead is preferentially sequestered in mitochondria of capillary endothelial cells. Further, this selective localization may be associated with lead-induced disruptions in intracellular calcium metabolism and transepithelial transport processes. PMID- 7370784 TI - Sex steroids and the development of the newborn mouse hypothalamus and preoptic area in vitro. II. Morphological correlates and hormonal specificity. AB - In studies designed to elucidate morphogenetic mechanisms involved in the neurogenesis of sexual differentiation of the brain, estradiol or testosterone was added to organotypic cultures of the newborn mouse hypothalamus and preoptic area. Both gonadal hormones selectively accelerated and enhanced neuritic proliferation in specific regions of the preoptic area and infundibular/premamillary levels. This regional localization suggests specific induction of neuritic branching perhaps only in those neurons shown by autoradiography to contain the steroid receptor. The significance of estradiol per se is emphasized by the reduction and retardation of neuritic outgrowth in those same regions following exposure to steroid-deficient medium or blockade of the nuclear receptor (CI-628) and by the failure of testosterone alone to induce a significant response. The importance of aromatization of androgen to estradiol is supported by the failure of non-aromatizable 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone to elicit an effect even in the presence of estradiol. This apparent hormonal specificity suggests that the neuritic response may be a component of sexual differentitation and that the trophic effects of estradiol may influence significantly the ontogeny of target neural circuits in the brain of both genders. PMID- 7370786 TI - Effects of morphine and naloxone on the K+-stimulated release of methionine enkephalin from slices of rat corpus striatum. AB - Methionine-enkephalin (ME) released from superfused slices of rat corpus striatum was estimated by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The basal release of 2.5 +/- 0.2 pmol/g/min (0.15% of content per min) was increased approximately 3-fold upon exposure of tissue to 30 mM K+ for 5 min. This increase in release was not observed in the absence of Ca2+. Both morphine (10(-5) M) and (-)-naloxone (10( 5) and 10(-6) M) significantly depressed the release of ME evoked by 30 mM K+ did not alter basal release. The (+)-isomer of naloxone, which lacks opiate antagonist activity, did not affect basal or evoked release. A consistent depression of release was not observed when 47 mM K+ was used to evoke the release of ME. The issue of whether a feedback mechanism controls the release of ME from the striatum cannot be resolved until it is known whether the effect of morphine and naloxone on ME release are mediated by opiate or non-opiate mechanisms. PMID- 7370785 TI - Testosterone triggers growth of brain vocal control nuclei in adult female canaries. AB - Two vocal control nuclei of the canary telencephalon, hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudale (HVc) and nucleus robustus archistriatalis (RA), are larger in males, that learn complex songs, than in females, that normally do not sing. HVc and RA can be induced to grow by 90% and 53%, respectively, in adult gonadectomized females under the influence of testosterone, as these birds acquire male-like song. The magnitude of this effect is comparable, though of reversed sign, to that following early castration in males. This system is unique in the extent to which gross neural plasticity normally associated with early development can be induced in adulthood. PMID- 7370787 TI - Ventral horn cells of the cervical cord project to neck muscles and brain. PMID- 7370788 TI - A cholinergic projection from the globus pallidus to cerebral cortex. PMID- 7370789 TI - Effects of monaural and binaural occlusion on the morphology of neurons in the medial superior olivary nucleus of the rat. PMID- 7370790 TI - Sensory stimuli alter the discharge rate of dopamine (DA) neurons: evidence for two functional types of DA cells in the substantia nigra. PMID- 7370791 TI - Gamma-hydroxybutyrate: a role in the regulation of central dopaminergic neurons? PMID- 7370792 TI - Ultrastructural evidence of exocytosis from glomus cells after incubation of adult rat carotid bodies in potassium-rich calcium-containing media. PMID- 7370793 TI - The distribution of the cat's carotid sinus nerve afferent and efferent cell bodies using the horseradish peroxidase technique. AB - The location of both afferent and efferent carotid sinus nerve (CSN) cell bodies in the cat has been determined using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. Following a limited exposure of the central cut end of the CSN to HRP, labeled sensory ganglion cells were found in both the petrosal and superior ganglia of the IXth cranial nerve. An average of 387 in the former and 16 cells in the latter ganglion were labeled. Retrogradely labeled neurons were found only within the ipsilateral medulla. These cells were both round and spindle shaped and had an average somal diameter of 19 micrometer. The number of these CSN efferent cell bodies ranged from 1 to a maximum of 20 in a given animal. They were found in both the nucleus parvocellularis and the retrofacial nucleus. In 8 cases axonal labeling was observed. Axons generally projected dorsomedially from the ventrolateral medulla. PMID- 7370794 TI - Interrelations between lateral, dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei in the rat. An HRP study. AB - Afferents of the lateral (LH) and ventromedial (VMH) hypothalamic nuclei were studied with the horseradish peroxidase method. The aim was to investigate relations between these two centers presumed to be involved in the regulation of food intake. Special attempts were made to produce HRP injections limited to intranuclear dimensions, which was achieved by iontophoretic delivery of the tracer. The results indicate that LH and VMH do not maintain direct interconnections. Both nuclei, however, appear to have numberous afferents from the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) in common, which led us to extend our analysis to the DMH. DMH injections of HRP resulted in retrograde labeling of somata in both LH and VMH, suggesting a reciprocal relationship of DMH with these latter nuclei. The possible significance of such a LH-DMH-VMH relationship in the food intake control circuitry is discussed. The other labeling of afferents resulting from HRP injections localized to LH, DMH and VMH is described and discussed as regards their morphological significance. A number of these connections confirm studies using anterograde transport techniques, but others have not been described before, including an extensive projection to the VMH from the mesencephalic peripeduncular nucleus. PMID- 7370795 TI - Projections of the optic tectum in the longnose gar, Lepisosteus osseus. AB - Efferent projections of the optic tectum were studied with the anterograde degeneration method in the longnose gar. Ascending projections were found bilaterally to 3 pretectal nuclei -- the superficial pretectal nucleus, nucleus pretectalis centralis and nucleus pretectalis profundus -- and to a number of targets which lie further rostrally -- the central posterior nucleus, dorsal posterior nucleus, accessory optic nucleus, nucleus ventralis lateralis, nucleus of the ventral optic tract, rostral part of the preglomerular complex, suprachiasmatic nucleus, anterior thalamic nucleus, nucleus ventralis medialis, nucleus intermedius, nucleus prethalamicus and rostral entopeduncular nucleus. Projections of the tectum reach the contralateral side via the supraoptic decussation and are less dense contralaterally than ipsilaterally. Descending projections resulting from tectal lesions include: (1) a tectal commissural pathway to the core of the torus longitudinalis bilaterally and the contralateral tectum and torus semicircularis; and (2) a pathway leaving the tectum laterally from which fibers terminate in the ipsilateral torus semicircularis, an area lateral to the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus, lateral tegmental nucleus, nucleus latealis valvulae, nucleus isthmi and the reticular formation. A component of this bundle decussates at the level of the lateral tegmental nucleus to project to the contralateral reticular formation. On the basis of comparisons of these findings with the pattern of retinal projections in gars and other data, it is argued that the nuclei previously called the lateral geniculate and rotundus in fish are not the homologues of the nuclei of those names in land vertebrates but are rather pretectal cell groups. The overall organization of both retinal and tectal projections in gars is strikingly similar to that in land vertebrates; at present, the best candidate for a rotundal homologue is the dorsal posterior nucleus. PMID- 7370797 TI - Analysis of the mechanisms underlying increased histogenetic cell death in developing cerebellum of the hypothyroid rat: determination of the time required for granule cell death. AB - The connection between the date of formation of granule cells and their final position in the internal granular layer of the cerebellum has been described previously. In rats made hypothyroid since the end of gestation, the distribution of the pyknotic cells in the internal granular layer of the cerebellar cortex was also previously found to be age-related. In 14-day-old hypothyroid rats, it was compared with that of the granule cells which were labeled after a pulse of [3H]thymidine at various stages of development. It appeared that the localization of the dying cells corresponded roughly to that of granule cells labeled on day 9. Therefore the maximum time required for granule cell death was about 5 days. Since the migratory phase through the molecular layer lasted about two days, the granule cells died after a maximum time of 3 days following their deposition in the internal granular layer. Information concerning the time of survival of the dying granule cells was important for subsequent investigation of the mechanisms underlying increased granule cell death in the hypothyroid cerebellum and the corrective effects of thyroid hormone. PMID- 7370796 TI - The armadillo infundibulum: correlative histochemistry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the ventricular surface. AB - The ependymal and supraependymal cells of the armadillo infundibulum (INF) were investigated by correlative histochemistry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Eighteen armadillos (8 adult females, 6 adult males, 2 immature females and 2 immature males) were examined. The following supraependymal elements were observed: (a) individual pleiomorphic cells made up of neurons, macrophages, and astrocytic-glial cells; (b) numerous spherical blebs of various sizes occurring singly or in clusters; (c) axons, traversing the surface alone or in association with macrophages and other SEC; (d) multicellular clusters containing SEC, macrophages, axons and other cell types. There were neurosecretory axons or blebs on and below the ependymal cell layer and a unique arrangement of multipolar cells and their processes, traversing the INF floor for several millimeters. The presence of neurosecretory axons at the INF ventricular surface, spherical blebs and SEC in contact with one another via long filaments or vast networks of smaller axons on the surface and numerous macrophages in close apposition to possible metabolic and transport sites give evidence of organized activity in a regulatory system. PMID- 7370798 TI - Labyrinth and neck reflex modification of the tonic vibration reflex in the decerebrate cat. AB - The interaction between tonic labyrinth or neck reflexes and the tonic vibration reflex acting on the medial head of triceps in the decerebrate cat is described. Medial triceps was isotonically loaded and reflex actions were measured as changes in muscle length. Natural stimulation of the receptors giving rise to tonic labyrinth or neck reflexes can either enhance or diminish the size of a pre existing tonic vibration reflex. It is also shown that descending activity from either the labyrinth or neck reflex systems can completely suppress the tonic vibration reflex, whereas the tonic vibration reflex was never observed to suppress an established labyrinth or neck reflex. PMID- 7370800 TI - Role of forebrain catecholamines in amygdaloid kindling. AB - The rate and pattern of seizure development provoked by repeated electrical stimulation of the amygdala (kindling) was assessed in rats that had been pretreated with intracerebral injections of the selective catecholaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxy-dopamine. Rats with selective depletion of forebrain noradrenaline displayed a highly significant facilitation of both primary-site and secondary-site kindling, whereas no such effect occurred in rats with selective depletion of forebrain dopamine. The facilitative effects of noradrenaline depletion were apparently related to disinhibition of the spread of seizure discharge from the stimulated site rather than to increased epileptogenicity in the stimulated site itself. These results are consistent with previous evidence that noradrenaline reduces the susceptibility of the central nervous system to epileptiform activity, and they suggest that a lessening of seizure-suppressant noradrenergic function in the forebrain might be part of the mechanism underlying kindling. PMID- 7370799 TI - Effects of temperature on the decline in miniature end-plate potential frequency following a tetanus. AB - When frog nerve-muscle preparations are stimulated tetanically in saline solutions containing Ca2+, Mn2+, Co2+, or Ni2+ there is a substantial rise in miniature end-plate potential (MEPP) frequency. After stimulation is ended, there is a decline back toward pre-stimulus MEPP frequencies. If we assume that MEPP frequencies are an index of the concentration of the divalent cations at some critical site in the nerve terminal, then the fall in MEPP frequency reflects the clearing of the divalent metal cation from the critical region. As a first step in investigating the clearing mechanism, we have studied the effects of temperature on the decline in MEPP frequencies following a tetanus. The Q10s for the fall in MEPP frequencies following the tetanus in Ca2+ or Mn2+ range between 1.2 and 1.6. The results can be interpreted in terms of a two-stage model for the fall-off in release probability following stimulation. In Co2+ or Ni2+ containing solutions at 7 degrees C or lower the MEPP frequency is sustained at an elevated level following the tetanus; at higher temperatures the decline does not reach the initial control level. PMID- 7370802 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity and acetylcholine effects in the cerebello-rubro thalamic pathway of the cat. AB - Unilateral transections of the brachium conjunctivum (BC) of cats resulted, after 2-3 weeks, in marked loss of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity from the contralateral red nucleus (RN) and ventral tier nuclei of the thalamus (VA-VL). Significant changes in activity were not observed in other locations. Sensitivity of RN neurons to iontophoretically applied acetylcholine (ACh) was studied under conditions which should maximize ACh sensitivity, including AChE inhibition, but ACh was found to have only a weak depressant effect on excitability or no effect at all. Intravenous physostigmine usually increased spontaneous activity of RN neurons, and sometimes increased potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of cerebellar nuclei, to a small extent. Anticholinergic drugs were found not to influence such evoked responses, except to reverse the effects of physostigmine. It is concluded that ACh is not a major transmitter in the excitatory cerebello rubral tract in spite of the relationship of AChE to this pathway. PMID- 7370801 TI - Characterization of benzodiazepine receptors in primary cultures of fetal mouse brain and spinal cord neurons. AB - Primary cultures of fetal mouse brain and spinal cord were examined for the presence of binding sites for [3H]diazepam. Both brain and spinal cord cultures contain high affinity binding sites which resemble benzodiazepine receptors found in mammalian CNS with respect to both pharmacologic profile and response to exogenously applied GABA. These observations, coupled with the electrophysiologic properties of these cells suggest that primary cultures of fetal mouse brain and spinal cord may be valid models for studying the role and regulation of the benzodiazepine receptor. PMID- 7370803 TI - Release of endogenous amino acid neurotransmitter candidates from rat olfactory cortex slices: possible regulatory mechanisms and the effects of pentobarbitone. AB - A study has been made of the regulation of evoked release of the amino acid neurotransmitter candidates (aspartate, GABA and taurine) from rat olfactory cortex slices. The effects of pentobarbitone (10-1000 microM) on release have also been assessed. Release of aspartate, the presumed excitatory transmitter of some of the lateral olfactory tract fibres, is reduced by muscimol (10 microM) and this effect is antagonized by picrotoxin (15 microM): it is concluded that presynaptic GABA receptors may modulate aspartate release. Low concentrations of pentobarbitone also reduce aspartate release, but this effect is picrotoxin insensitive. Release of GABA, the presumed transmitter of inhibitory interneurones, is reduced by muscimol (10 microM) and this effect is antagonized by picrotoxin (15 microM): it is suggested that GABA release may be regulated by presynaptic autoreceptors. Pentobarbitone significantly increases release of GABA when slices are synaptically activated although the mechanism of this effect is unclear. Release of taurine, not hitherto considered a neurotransmitter in this brain area, is depressed by muscimol (10 microM) and pentobarbitone and increased by picrotoxin (15 microM). Results are discussed in terms of (i) mechanisms of regulation of amino acid release in the olfactory cortex, (ii) effects of pentobarbitone on release and (iii) the compatibility of the present results with previously published electrophysiological studies. PMID- 7370804 TI - The etiology of acrylamide neuropathy: possible involvement of neuron specific enolase. AB - The effect of monomeric acrylamide, a potent neurotoxic agent, on total and neuron specific enolase activity was studied in vitro and in vivo. Acrylamide (10 mM) completely inhibited total enolase activity of rat brain soluble fractions. The I50 concentration was 3.7 mM. In rats chronically treated with acrylamide (550 mg/kg total) and exhibiting marked symptoms of neurotoxicity, neuron specific enolase activity was not detectable in sciatic nerves and was only 60% of control activity in brain. Total enolase activity in both central and peripheral nervous tissues was unchanged from control. The results suggest that inhibition of neuron specific enolase may be an important factor in the development of acrylamide neuropathy by interfering with glycolysis in neuronal tissue. PMID- 7370805 TI - Identification of embryonic motoneurons in vitro: their survival is dependent on skeletal muscle. PMID- 7370806 TI - Interictal EEG spikes correlate with decreased, rather than increased, epileptogenicity in amygdaloid kindled rats. PMID- 7370807 TI - Neural and endocrine interaction in skeletal muscle. PMID- 7370808 TI - Low potassium is critical for observing developmental increase in muscle resting potential. PMID- 7370809 TI - Forebrain norepinephrine and the selective processing of information. PMID- 7370810 TI - Binding of [3H]apomorphine to striatal membranes prepared from rat brain after 6 hydroxydopamine and kainic acid lesions. PMID- 7370811 TI - Removing faecal contamination of broilers by spray-cleaning during evisceration. AB - 1. The faecal contamination of broiler carcasses during evisceration results in an increase in contamination with Enterobacteriaceae, including any salmonellas present. 2. This increase can be prevented completely by spray-cleaning carcasses during the various stages of evisceration. 3. If the carcasses are cleaned only at the end of the evisceration process, the numbers of Enterobacteriaceae are not reduced to initial levels and Salmonella contamination is less efficiently removed. PMID- 7370812 TI - A search for genetic variation in the sex ratio at hatching. PMID- 7370813 TI - The effect of reciprocal crosses between dwarf and normal parents on blood constituents of the progeny. AB - 1. Heterozygous cockerels which inherited the sex-linked recessive dwarfing gene (dw) from a normal dam had significantly different contents of sodium and potassium in the blood serum compared with heterozygous cockerels from dwarf dams. 2. Hemizygous dwarf pullets had a significantly lower packed cell volume than normal pullets, while mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was significantly lower in the normal pullets. 3. Total serum calcium values were significantly higher in normal pullets. Sodium concentration was higher in dwarf pullets. It is suggested that the better adaptation of dwarf pullets to higher temperatures might be due to their capacity to retain more water in body tissue under a stressful environment. PMID- 7370814 TI - The future of the scientific endeavor. PMID- 7370815 TI - pH-dependent amino acid induced conformational changes of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase. AB - The interactions of L-Phe and L-Ala with rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase dependend upon the nature of divalent metal ions sutdied: Mg(II), Co(II), Mn(II), and Ni(II). L-phe inhibited all metal derivatives of the enzyme except Mn(II)- enzyme. L-Ala inhibited only Ni(II)--enzyme and had no effect on other metal derivatives. The inhibition by L-Phe could be partially or completely reversed by L-Ala for all metal derivatives. The mode of inhibition of pyruvate kinase by L Phe depended upon pH as well as the nature of activating divalent metal ions. The sigmoidal response increased with increasing pH for all metal derivatives inhibited by L-Phe. L-Phe and L-Ala strongly perturbed the coordination sphere of enzyme bound Co(II), but not Ni(II). There were poor correlations between visible circular dichroic (cd) spectral changes and the corresponding kinetic changes. However, L-Phe and (or) L-Ala induced ultraviolet cd and difference absorption spectral changes, on the other hand, corresponded remarkably well with the kinetic observations. PMID- 7370816 TI - 13C and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance of lipid dispersions from human aorta. AB - Coarse ("multilamellar") and sonicated ("unilamellar") dispersions of lipid constituents of human aorta have been prepared. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectra of the coarse dispersions show an unusual pattern compared with pure phospholipid bilayers. The reconstituted membrane is suggested to have considerable amounts of nonbilayer phase, possibly in the form of regions of hexagonal phase with a short major axis, or regions of cubic or rhombic phase admixed with the bilayer phase. High resolution 13C nmr spectra of the sonicated dispersions give narrow signals, indicative of lipids in a fluid environment, and are due mostly to cholesteryl esters and triglycerides. PMID- 7370817 TI - The subcellular localization of testicular sulfogalactoglycerolipid. AB - The subcellular localization of sulfogalactoglycerolipid in rat testicular germinal cells was determined. The sulfolipid of young rats was labelled in vivo with Na235SO4. Rat testis cell suspensions were prepared, homogenized, and centrifuged on linear, continuous, sucrose gradients. The labelled lipid had the identical equilibrium density distribution pattern as alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme of the plasma membrane. The pattern of the sulfolipid was different from the patterns of enzyme markers for the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. From these results, we conclude that sulfogalactoglycerolipid is located on the plasma membrane of rat testicular germinal cells. PMID- 7370818 TI - Improving emergency cardiac care: a continuing challenge of the 1980s. PMID- 7370819 TI - Elective delivery, premature rupture of the membranes and the respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7370820 TI - The hypertensive patient. PMID- 7370821 TI - Implant-diathermy interaction. PMID- 7370822 TI - Family physicians v. pediatricians. PMID- 7370823 TI - Left atrial myxoma mimicking vasculitis. PMID- 7370824 TI - Emergency department staffing. PMID- 7370826 TI - Evaluation of hospital-based cardiac resuscitation, 1973--77. AB - The resuscitation experience of a large teaching hospital during 1973-77 was reviewed. Resuscitation was attempted on 2091 victims of cardiac arrest; 261 patients (12.5%) survived to be discharged from hospital.Coronary heart disease caused about one half of all the cardiac arrests, but was associated with a better survival rate (14.4%) than the other causes. Cardiac arrest following multiple trauma had the worst prognosis; only 3% of the patients survived to be discharged from hospital. However, the main factor influencing outcome was the site of arrest. The survival rates of patients on whom resuscitation was initiated in the emergency room or an intensive care area were triple and double the rate for patients in hospital wards, although one third of all the cardiac arrests induced by a coronary event and occurring in hospital were on the wards. Patients whose arrest occurred outside hospital, where only basic life support was available, had a survival rate of just 6.3%, whereas those whose arrest occurred in the emergency room had a survival rate of 31.9%. Since these two patient groups were similar in terms of age and diagnosis, we believe that the potential survival rate for victims of cardiac arrest outside of hospital that are optimally treated is close to 30%.These data suggest that increased survival from cardiac arrest can be expected with extension of the resuscitation services both inside and outside of hospital, but particularly with increased emphasis on emergency cardiac care outside of hospital. PMID- 7370825 TI - Resuscitation from cardiac arrest: assessment of a system providing only basic life support outside of hospital. AB - Resuscitation outside of hospital of victims of cardiac arrest is a major challenge to our emergency care system. Most cities in Canada do not have a mobile advanced life support service; instead they rely on basic life support outside of hospital. The outcome in such cases and the factors affecting the outcome are largely unknown. Thus, it is difficult to estimate the lifesaving potential of adding advanced life support to the existing measures available for care outside of hospital.A prospective study of all resuscitation attempts begun outside of hospital was conducted during 18 consecutive months in 1977-78 in Winnipeg; at that time only basic life support was available outside of hospital. Resuscitation was attempted 849 times, and 33 patients (4%) survived to be discharged from hospital. Data analysis revealed that: (a) none of the 58% of patients in asystole at the time of arrival at a hospital survived to be discharged, but 11% of the patients with ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia (27% of the entire group) survived; (b) the survival rate was lower when the interval from the emergency telephone call to the patient's arrival at the hospital exceeded 10 minutes; and (c) basic life support was begun immediately in 29% of the patients with ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia, and increased the survival rate fivefold.The training of private citizens in basic life support is a vital component of total emergency cardiac care. A mobile advanced life support service will be effective in saving lives if it reduces the delay before definitive care is instituted, preferably to less than 10 minutes. PMID- 7370827 TI - Elective delivery and the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. AB - A prospective study was carried out to determine how often moderate or severe respiratory distress syndrome in infants delivered electively after 32 weeks' gestation or more is avoidable. During a 9-month period 64 such newborns were evaluated. The disease was considered avoidable in 14 (22%) since the indication for elective delivery was questionable. The mean birth weight and gestational age of these 14 infants were 2550 +/- 430 g and 36.3 +/- 1.7 weeks, and the mortality was 14%. This study demonstrated that elective delivery can produce severe neonatal complications, that despite their availability diagnostic tests of fetal age and maturity of the fetal lungs are not being used universally, and that the indications for elective delivery in cases of premature rupture of the membranes must be re-evaluated. PMID- 7370828 TI - Grey-scale ultrasonography: a refined tool for differentiating renal mass lesions. PMID- 7370830 TI - Carter, Kennedy voice differences on health insurance. PMID- 7370829 TI - Time for all physicians to come to the aid of the party. PMID- 7370831 TI - Bureaucracy in medical practice: malevolence or mismanagement? PMID- 7370832 TI - Heart Niagara turns prevention into practicality. PMID- 7370833 TI - Medical education in the 21st century. PMID- 7370834 TI - Ontario Economic Council finds direct-billing can't control health care costs. PMID- 7370836 TI - Intra-articular steroid injections: a benefit or a hazard? PMID- 7370837 TI - Tropical v. infectious disease. PMID- 7370835 TI - Cervical screening--1980. PMID- 7370838 TI - Pseudobattered child syndrome in Vietnamese immigrant children. PMID- 7370839 TI - Drug information for patients. PMID- 7370840 TI - Are flow charts obsolete? PMID- 7370841 TI - Use of computers in medical practice. PMID- 7370842 TI - Activation of latent tuberculosis by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. PMID- 7370843 TI - Identification of impaired hearing in early childhood. PMID- 7370844 TI - Impact of the Walton report on cervical cancer screening programs in Canada. AB - It is almost 4 years since the Walton report on cervical cancer screening programs was published. In an effort to assess the impact of this report on such programs across Canada the Department of National Health and Welfare carried out a survey using questionnaires. It appears from the evaluation that physicians, laboratories and provincial departments of health are giving thoughtful but cautious consideration to implementing the report's recommendations. Stated areas of controversy include the recommended frequency of cervical smear examination, the establishment of province-wide cytology registries and the recommended size of laboratories. Perhaps the pace will quicken as additional knowledge and experience are gained. Perhaps, too, if a national mechanism to encourage provincial implementation were instituted hesitancy would decrease. PMID- 7370845 TI - The relevance to family physicians of core content review: evaluation of a program of continuing education. AB - The Core Content Review of Family Medicine was assessed for its relevance to family practice. Three sets of questionnaires were completed and assessed by 48 experienced, certificated family physicians, of whom half were faculty members from university departments of family medicine and half were in private practice. The answers to 57% of the questions were correct. In the opinion of the panelists the answers to 62% of the questions permitted discrimination between physicians providing care of good quality and those providing care that was less than adequate. The panelists rated 78% of the questions as being educationally useful. Two thirds of the questions were deemed relevant according to a composite criterion. Examples are given of the questions considered most relevant and of those considered least relevant. PMID- 7370846 TI - Sequential triple-valve replacement in a Jehovah's Witness. PMID- 7370847 TI - Skin temperature of the knee: an unrecognized physical sign of inflammatory disease of the knee. PMID- 7370848 TI - MD exodus continues. PMID- 7370849 TI - Bridging the gap between medicine and the media. PMID- 7370850 TI - The long and the short of trading in commodities. PMID- 7370851 TI - Rising practice costs outpace US physicians, too. PMID- 7370852 TI - Telemedicine links patients in Sioux Lookout with doctors in Toronto. PMID- 7370853 TI - An individualized internship. PMID- 7370854 TI - The autopsy. PMID- 7370855 TI - Efficacy of mumps vaccine. PMID- 7370857 TI - Summary of the task force report on occupational respiratory disease. PMID- 7370856 TI - Efficacy of mumps vaccine. PMID- 7370858 TI - Rubella antibody titres and immunization status in a family practice. AB - Rubella vaccination status and immunity to rubella were studied in 230 "active patients" aged 8 to 22 years in a teaching family practice by means of a chart review and measurement of the rubella antibody titre in a blood sample. Of the 200 patients who submitted a blood sample 161 (80%) were found to be immune, having a rubella hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titre of 1:16 or greater. Log linear analysis showed that immunity to rubella was independent of a history of rubella, and that 94% of the vaccinated patients versus 74% of the unvaccinated patients (a significant difference; P = 0.007) were immune. In retrospect we estimated that 80% of the study group were protected at the start of the study. After surveillance and follow-up, with vaccination of 27 of the 39 patients identified as susceptible to rubella, this estimated proportion increased to 90%. The study showed that there is nothing to be gained by asking about a history of rubella but that vaccination against this disease is increasing among children aged 5 to 9 years. PMID- 7370861 TI - Health care: will Liberals shift to the right? PMID- 7370860 TI - Favourable outcome in a case of endobronchial amyloidosis. PMID- 7370859 TI - Amelioration of cardiac hemolytic anemia by sulfinpyrazone therapy. PMID- 7370862 TI - Highlights of CMA brief to the Hall Health Services Review. PMID- 7370863 TI - Mississauga Hospital: largest evacuation in Canada's history. PMID- 7370864 TI - Is there a solution to the growing demand for hospital space. PMID- 7370865 TI - Researchers and the public: communication benefits both. PMID- 7370867 TI - Glucose tolerance testing in the elderly. PMID- 7370866 TI - Compulsory continuing medical education: it's just around the corner. PMID- 7370869 TI - Dietary fluids and diarrhea in babies. PMID- 7370868 TI - Detecting and preventing glaucoma. PMID- 7370870 TI - Effects of household, hobby and occupational products on unborn children. PMID- 7370871 TI - Septic olecranon bursitis in a general hospital population. PMID- 7370873 TI - Appraisal of the World Health Organization classification of lung tumours. AB - The 1967 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the histologic types of lung tumours has been examined in relation to 303 tumours of patients admitted to a national trial of the treatment of lung cancer. In 63 instances (20%) there was disagreement between the diagnoses of the local pathologist and the reference pathologist. The slides for these 63 tumours were reviewed by two other pathologists, and the slides for 60 tumours for which there was agreement between the local and reference pathologists were reviewed by one of the other pathologists. The main disagreement was in the diagnosis of epidermoid (squamous) tumours. It is apparent that many pathologists do not adhere to the strict criterion of the presence of keratinization or intercellular prickles or both for the diagnosis of epidermoid carcinoma. In addition, there was substantial variation in the use of subtypes within the WHO classification. Use of the revised classification proposed by the WHO would have removed a small amount of the variation from these findings but would not have affected the main discrepancy. Stricter attention to the definition of types is required for a uniform approach to the histologic classification of lung tumours. PMID- 7370872 TI - Dyspnea in a pregnant young woman. PMID- 7370874 TI - Blunt abdominal trauma in pregnancy. AB - Two cases are presented in which the effects of blunt trauma to a pregnant woman's abdomen were apparently minor but resulted in fetal death. Blunt trauma may result in serious injury to the fetus or the placenta. Three-point restraint systems should be worn by pregnant women travelling in automobiles to minimize the risks to mother and fetus. Awareness of the potential for injury in these circumstances is essential to reduce the risks to the fetus. PMID- 7370875 TI - Hypokalemia during the treatment of arterial hypertension with diuretics. AB - In a study of 50 patients with uncomplicated arterial hypertension the administration of hydrochlorothiazide, 50 to 100 mg daily or every other day, with or without reserpine, 0.25 mg daily, resulted in a fall in the mean blood pressure from 182/113 to 144/92 mm Hg. The mean duration of therapy was 19 months. The mean serum potassium concentration was 4.3 mmol/l before the onset of therapy. It fell during the first 6 weeks of treatment, but seldom below 3.5 mmol/l, then rose gradually and spontaneously to 4.1 mmol/l after 19 months of therapy. All the patients remained asymptomatic. These findings bring into question the routine use of potassium supplements or a potassium-sparing diuretic, such as spironolactone or triamterene, during the treatment of hypertension with diuretics such as the thiazides. The use of potassium supplements or a potassium-sparing agent may induce hyperkalemia in spite of the simultaneous administration of a diuretic that acts more proximally. Since hyperkalemia is potentially lethal, the serum potassium concentration should be carefully monitored in any patient receiving potassium supplements or a potassium sparing agent. PMID- 7370876 TI - Restoration of renal function by unilateral percutaneous transluminal dilatation of stenosed renal artery. PMID- 7370877 TI - Britain's National Health Service disease: the urgent need for Canadian immunization. PMID- 7370878 TI - Taking stock of the brokers. PMID- 7370879 TI - Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas in males: transsphenoidal microsurgical treatment. AB - Fifteen male patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas were studied before and after transsphenoidal microsurgical treatment. Loss of libido and sexual impotence were the most frequent symptoms, being present in 12. Visual defects were present in seven patients, gynecomastia was observed in four and galactorrhea was noted in three. Most of the tumours were large; only one was a microadenoma. Four patients were cured by the operation. In all the other patients the plasma levels of prolactin were significantly lowered and the visual defects corrected or lessened, but sexual impotence was not modified. No important deficiency of the pituitary gland was induced by the operation. The results indicate that in males loss of libido and sexual impotence are frequent and early manifestations of prolactinomas, and that transsphenoidal resection is a safe therapeutic approach. PMID- 7370881 TI - Tumour-associated antigens in lung cancer: the possibility for a serologic assay. AB - Methods were developed to obtain a purified tumour-associated antigen from squamous cell bronchogenic carcinoma of humans. From the preparation a highly specific antitumour antiserum was produced in rabbits. The antiserum was applied to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that subsequently was used as a serologic test for lung cancer. Serum obtained preoperatively from patients with stage I lung cancer was found to be inhibitory in the assay system when compared with serum from healthy individuals. PMID- 7370880 TI - Kawasaki disease, or mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: report of seven cases in North America. AB - The clinical and laboratory findings in seven children with Kawasaki disease are reviewed. Four of the patients had the more complicated course that has characterized the cases diagnosed in North America. This suggests that the benign forms are often mistaken for other febrile illnesses. The patients were two girls and five boys ranging in age from 4 months to 7 years; six were Caucasian and one was a North American Indian. Fever, redness of the oral mucosa, an erythematous or scarlatiniform rash and cervical adenopathy were seen in all; six patients had the characteristic fingertip desquamation and nonexudative conjunctivitis. Cardiac involvement occurred in four patients, two of whom had coronary artery aneurysm or thrombosis. Arthritis or arthralgia was seen in six patients, and aseptic meningitis occurred in four. Of the three patients with jaundice two underwent laparotomy and excision of a hydropic gallbladder; one of them died from Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. PMID- 7370882 TI - Preventing lung cancer: summary of workshop discussion. PMID- 7370883 TI - Renal papillary necrosis following rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7370885 TI - Seat-belt legislation: buckling down on traffic injuries. PMID- 7370886 TI - Office fraud: is your employee stealing from you? PMID- 7370884 TI - Poisoning with enteric-coated acetylsalicylic acid complicating gastric outlet obstruction. PMID- 7370887 TI - Pre-hospital emergency care: situation critical. PMID- 7370888 TI - Infant feeding practices revisited. Nutrition Committee of the Canadian Paediatric Society. PMID- 7370889 TI - A dangerous error in Fluothane packaging. PMID- 7370890 TI - Association v. professional codes of conduct. PMID- 7370891 TI - Insurance schedules in the United States. PMID- 7370892 TI - Growing points in the psychiatry of old age. Part I: Specialty and body of clinical knowledge. PMID- 7370894 TI - Supervision of psychotherapy. PMID- 7370893 TI - Ontario mental health act, 1978. PMID- 7370896 TI - Training in behaviour therapy. PMID- 7370895 TI - Growing points in the psychiatry of old age. Part II. Organization of services. PMID- 7370897 TI - Self-regulation of chronic pain. Preliminary empirical findings. PMID- 7370899 TI - Cognitive family therapy. A preliminary report. PMID- 7370898 TI - Youth in transition. Mental health problems of Black and Miemac students at Dalhousie University. PMID- 7370900 TI - A typical psychosis with reversible primitive reflexes. PMID- 7370901 TI - Consent in psychiatry. The position of the Canadian Psychiatric Association. PMID- 7370902 TI - Some thoughts on the social ecology of present day psychopharmacology. AB - The present paper discusses some of the questions frequently encountered in the diagnosis and treatment of hyperactive children. The author attempts to order these questions within an ecological frame of reference, using Popper and Eccles' recent book The Self and its Brain as an evolutionary model. Problems of diagnosis and treatment relating to hyperactivity are given for each evolutionary level and data from the author's own work are cited in support of this model. PMID- 7370903 TI - Electrosleep therapy: a controlled study of its effects in anxiety neurosis. PMID- 7370904 TI - A survey of alcohol-related problems and their treatment. PMID- 7370905 TI - A parents' group in the management of anorexia nervosa. AB - Recent reports have suggested that family therapy is useful in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. There are, however, recognized contraindications to family therapy. As we were seeing patients with anorexia nervosa for whom family therapy was not possible, we predicted that the formation of a group for the parents would provide benefit through education, support and insight. The present study was designed to develop and evaluate such a group. We selected parents of ten anorectic patients for whom family therapy was contraindicated. There were two therapists, the unit social worker and a former patient who had successfully overcome the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. After an 18-month period, the ten couples were sent anonymous questionnaires assessing the group's value. Six indicated positive feelings about the group and felt they had benefited. One couple reported dissatisfaction. Most perceived the group as an important part of the overall treatment. PMID- 7370906 TI - Prediction of discharge from a psychogeriatric unit (development and evaluation of the LPRS Prognosis Index). PMID- 7370907 TI - Social responsiveness toward mental patients: the general public and others. AB - The present study investigated the social responsiveness of the general public, and of psychiatric hospital staff, using Milgram's (1969) lost-letter technique. The public did not return fewer (or more) letters believed to be addressed to mental patients. Highest return rates were observed when personal costs to the finder were negligible. Psychiatric staff returned significantly fewer letters than did the general public. Other research, and implications of the findings, are outlined. PMID- 7370908 TI - Aggressive preschoolers: a pilot study. AB - The authors studied the relationship between the level of aggressivity in 12 aggressive preschoolers and five hypothesized pathogenic variables: constitutional, lack of maternal attunement to the child's needs, passive experience of aggression, parental overindulgence and the presence of a precipitant. The data tend to support a strong predictive association between the pathogenic variables as a group and the level of aggressivity, although the results must be regarded as preliminary because of the small number of cases. PMID- 7370909 TI - Methylphenidate, neuroleptics and dyskinesia-dystonia. AB - Methlyphenidate is one of two stimulant drugs used in the management of the Hyperkinetic Reaction in children. It has been known to have side effects such as dyskinesia, but this case details the emergence of dystonia and dyskinesia when the simultaneous use of methylphenidate and a phenothiazine was followed by withdrawal of the phenothiazine. It is postulated that the use of phenothiazine resulted in a post-synaptic supersensitivity which precipitated dystonia and dyskinesia when phenothiazine was withdrawn and methylphenidate reinstituted. It is also suggested that the phenothiazine dopamine-blocking action may necessitate the use of larger quantities of stimulant in order to produce the desired effect. PMID- 7370910 TI - Sleep and depression: a case study of EEG sleep prior to relapse. AB - By chance, we were able to record for five consecutive nights the sleep of a 61 year-old woman before each of two successive depressive episodes. In this patient, marked changes in EEG sleep (notably a decline in "sleep efficiency") preceded both episodes. These changes are considered to be of predictive, but not of etiological, significance. PMID- 7370911 TI - Tears of joy. AB - "Tears of joy" refers to crying when there has been a psychological gain, not a loss. The dynamic explanation of the phenomenon is that the need to repress sadness is lifted because of the gain; genetically the crying is over past losses. A clinical vignette illustrating the phenomenon is given here. It relieved the patient to be told that her symptoms did not mean that she was sick and requiring medication. PMID- 7370912 TI - Nonoperative management of femoral, humeral, and acetabular metastases in patients with breast carcinoma. AB - A retrospective analysis of 59 cases of metastatic breast carcinoma involving the long bones and acetabula was done in an attempt to determine the role of radiation therapy in the management of bone metastases. A total of 97 bone lesions were treated with radiation as the initial therapeutic modality. Seven patients had pathologic fractures when first seen, and 2 had sustained fractures while receiving radiation therapy, and 2, following completion of radiation therapy. All patients had pain relief and improvement in their performance status. A third of patients had radiographic evidence of bone healing. None of the high-risk lesions that may ordinarily be subjected to prophylactic orthopedic stabilization in many medical centers sustained a pathologic fracture after the completion of radiation therapy. We conclude that the use of radiation therapy in initial management of bone metastases in patients with breast cancer is usually effective, and that prophylactic surgical intervention is not warranted in most cases. PMID- 7370913 TI - Response of a choroidal metastasis to multiple-drug chemotherapy. AB - A choroidal metastasis from a primary breast carcinoma in a 32-year-old woman underwent clinically complete regression during a course of five-drug combined chemotherapy for widespread metastases. The need for radiation therapy to the eye was thus obviated. PMID- 7370914 TI - Histology, age and sex distribution, and pathologic correlations of Hodgkin's disease: a study of 184 cases observed in Rome, Italy. AB - The Rye classification has been applied to 184 cases of Hodgkin's disease diagnosed in one of the largest hospitals of Rome, Italy, over a period of three years. Mixed cellularity was the most common histologic type. Nodular sclerosis had an intermediate frequency, while lymphocyte predominance and lymphocyte depletion showed the lowest incidence. There was a male predominance in almost all age groups, reflecting a total male to female ratio of 1.5:1. The most frequent sites of primary involvement were cervical, supraclavicular, and axillary nodes, while mediastinal nodes were found primarily involved in a limited number of cases. Incidence, results, and anatomic distribution of lesions were evaluated in 120 untreated patients who underwent staging procedures. A correlation was found between increasing histologic malignancy and abdominal spread of the disease. The most common form of abdominal disease was the simultaneous involvement of two or more tissues, and the association most frequently observed was that of lymph nodes and the spleen. Separate infiltration of the liver was rare, while involvement of bone marrow only was never observed. PMID- 7370915 TI - Successful treatment of recurrent primary central nervous system lymphoma with high-dose methotrexate. AB - Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma is a rare disease, usually resistant to therapy. In the case presented, a 51-year-old woman with documented primary cerebellar CNS lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytoid type, underwent surgical resection and whole brain irradiation and then recurred within the CNS. Treatment with 17 courses of high-dose methotrexate resulted in complete disappearance of the tumor and clearing of all neurologic signs and symptoms. She is now free of disease 12 months after beginning chemotherapy. The potential usefulness of systemic anti-metabolites for treatment of CNS lymphoma, primary or disseminated, is discussed. PMID- 7370916 TI - The predictive value of serial bone scans in assessing response to chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer. AB - A retrospective analysis was made of 25 patients with breast cancer treated only with chemotherapy in order to determine the predictive value of technetium-99m bone scanning in determining response to chemotherapy. Whole-body scanning demonstrated bone healing in only 3 of 25 patients. However, the presence of stable disease on bone scan correlated with a good prognosis as 12 patients with stable scans had a significantly longer survival time than did the 13 patients who showed progression on scans (17.7 and 7.8 months, respectively P less than 0.01 greater than 0.005, Wilcoxan). Our analysis indicates that bone scans are a relatively crude technique for monitoring response to chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. PMID- 7370917 TI - Malignant schwannoma: a light microscopic and ultrastructural study. AB - The light microscopic and ultrastructural features of 3 cases of malignant schwannoma were studied and compared with those of other types of soft-tissue sarcoma. The tumor in 1 of these cases originated in an intercostal nerve and was composed of compactly arranged spindle-shaped tumor cells. The other 2 cases showed osteogenic areas in addition to exhibiting prominent nuclear palisading, focal myxoid changes, and a rosette-like arrangement of tumor cells. The tumor in 1 of these latter cases occurred at the site of a preexisting neurofibroma. The Schwann cell origin of these tumors is strongly supported by the ultrastructural findings of basement membranes and conspicuous intercellular junctions in all 3 cases and dense-core granules in 1. PMID- 7370918 TI - Trichilemmal pilar tumors. AB - We report 16 cases of trichilemmal pilar tumors. All of the patients were women of older ages. These unusual tumors are located chiefly on the scalp and consists of areas of squamous epithelium with non-epidermal keratinization and moderate cellular polymorphism. The origin of the tumor appears to be the outer root sheath of hair. Two of our cases were cystic. In order to avoid an erroneous diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, an adequate knowledge of these tumors is necessary. PMID- 7370919 TI - Histologic features of tumors and the female superiority in survival from malignant melanoma. AB - The primary tumors of 780 patients with clinical Stage I malignant melanoma were reviewed to seek reasons for the female superiority in survival. Histologic features of tumors believed to be of prognostic significance were examined: tumor thickness, evidence of regression, histogenetic type, and mitotic activity. The average tumor thickness was significantly less in women, due to a preponderance of very thin lesions in women and very thick lesions in men. In both men and women, there proved to be a direct correlation between five-year survival rate and tumor thickness, but women had a higher survival rate than men at each thickness level. These latter two findings, in combination, could contribute to the overall female superiority in survival. No further insight into the sex difference in survival was obtained from the examination of the other histologic features. Although the incidence of partial lesion regression was not markedly different except for very thin lesions. There were no disparities between the sexes in the incidences of histogenetic types or grades of mitotic activity, two histologic features which drew their prognostic significance only from their correlation with tumor thickness. PMID- 7370920 TI - Ultrastructure of 16 cases of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix in young women. AB - Sixteen cases of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix and vagina in young women were studied by electron microscopy and the observations were compared with the light microscopic appearance. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells were found to be of the same basic type, regardless of whether light microscopy disclosed a solid or tubulocystic tumor pattern, and whether the cells were clear, hobnail, flat or of a nonspecific mullerian appearance. Cytoplasmic glycogen and short, blunt, surface villi were the outstanding features. Less consistent findings included prominent Golgi apparatuses and numerous mitochondria. The fine structural characteristics were similar to those reported for clear cell adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and ovary in older women. This study disclosed no difference between 14 tumors that arose in patients with confirmed histories of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) or dienestrol, and reported cases of clear cell carcinoma in which there were no histories of such exposure. No specific ultrastructural features could be identified as prognostic indices for the neoplasms. PMID- 7370921 TI - Studies on the difference of background mucosa among single advanced carcinoma and benign diseases of the large intestine, and familial polyposis coli. AB - The entire lengths of fixed specimens from 17 single advanced carcinomas of the colon (Cancer Group), four benign lesions (Benign Group), and four familial polyposis coli (Polyposis Group) were step-sectioned. It was found that the tubules of the basal cells were densely packed with rather a small number of goblet cells in the cancer and benign lesion specimens, but clear and loose with completely differentiated goblet cells in the polyposis coli specimens. Microscopic adenomas that were macroscopically unrecognizable and only microscopically detectable were found in 16 lesions in the Cancer Group, one lesion in the Benign Group, and in numerous lesions in the Polyposis Group. All of them developed from the basal cells. These findings indicate that the colonic mucosa of patients in the Cancer and Benign Groups is similar, but differs from that of the Polyposisis Group, and that microscopic adenomas are not uncommon in the Non-Polyposis Groups (Cancer and Benign Groups), findings which were not previously known. PMID- 7370922 TI - Intravenous pyogenic granuloma: case report with ultrastructural findings. AB - A nodule, attached to the intimal surface of the external jugular vein of a 12 year-old boy, showed the light microscopic features of a pyogenic granuloma. The small muscular arteries in the adventitia contained numerous tufted intraluminal capillaries, and it is possible that the angiomatous proliferation within the jugular vein originated from the vasa vasorum, with subsequent growth into the venous lumen. This intraluminal growth dispersed the tunica elastica into the pyogenic granuloma. Ultrastructural examination showed, the lesion to be composed of capillaries lined by low and cuboidal endothelial cells, with occasional pericytes surrounded by focally multiple basal luminae. In some locations, the capillary endothelial basal lamina abutted directly on collagen with no intervening pericyte. In the stroma of the tumor there were cells with myofibroblastic features. This benign intravascular growth should be distinguished from other benign but atypical intravascular and vascular proliferations. PMID- 7370923 TI - Appraisal of aspiration cytology in management of Hodgkin's disease. AB - The value of aspiration cytology in the management of Hodgkin's disease is shown in this study of 228 patients and 403 aspirations; 385 from lymph nodes and 18 from extranodal masses. In all patients the initial diagnosis was established on surgical biopsy. Aspirates were helpful in staging, defining extension of unusual radiation fields, and in recognizing residual disease and relapses after therapy. Adequate material was obtained in 80% of aspirations. The diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease could not be established in the adequate cytologic sample in 9.9% of cases. In 5.5%, the diagnosis was that of benign reactive hyperplasia and in 4.4%, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Unsatisfactory material was usually obtained from nodes less than 1 cm in diameter or from residual lesions following radiation or chemotherapy. Only 14 of 93 such lesions proved to have active disease during follow up. There were no significant complications. Characteristics of the varied aspects of aspirated tumor cells found in Hodgkin's disease are described. PMID- 7370924 TI - Anaplastic giant and spindle-cell carcinoma of the thyroid: a different therapeutic approach. AB - The prognosis of giant and spindle cell carcinoma of the thyroid is extremely poor. It does appear, however, that a multisciplinary approach to treatment of this aggressive cancer is more effective than a single-treatment modality. Operative ablation of gross tumor, postoperative irradiation therapy, and chemotherapy have demonstrated encouraging results. A different therapeutic approach with the addition of immunotherapy to surgical resection, postoperative irraditation, and chemotherapy is described in this case report. The preliminary result is encouraging. PMID- 7370927 TI - Pancreatic liposarcoma: case report with review of retroperitoneal liposarcomas. AB - A case report of a large pancreatic liposarcoma is presented showing a five-year survival with aggressive surgical excision as the only treatment. The medical literature of the subject is reviewed. This is the only reported case of retroperitoneal liposarcoma which is limited to the pancreas. A discussion of the current types of treatment for retroperitoneal liposarcomas is included. PMID- 7370925 TI - Cardiac tamponade as a presentation of extracardiac malignancy. AB - Three cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung manifesting as acute pericardial effusion with tamponade are presented and the medical literature concerning this unusual manifestation of extracardiac malignancy is reviewed. We have found 22 cases of carcinoma and 4 cases of sarcoma. Of the carcinomas, 14 of 19 (74%) with known primary are pulmonary and 13 of 18 (72%) with tissue diagnosis are adenocarcinomas. Daignosis was made by cytologic examination of pericardial fluid in 14 of 16 cases (87%) in which it was performed. The lymphatic drainage of the heart renders some anatomical explanations for the prevalence of carcinoma of the lung as the cause of cardiac tamponade and the discrepancy of finding tumor cells in the pericardial fluid but not in the pericardium. Patients treated with pericardiectomy with or without ancillary radio- or chemotherapy survived longer than those treated with periocardiocentesis or radio- or chemotherapy alone. PMID- 7370926 TI - Gallbladder cancer in Hispanic New Mexicans: I. General population, 1957-1977. AB - Many studies report unusually high rates of gallbladder cancer among all American Indians and among Hispanic Americans in the Southwest and California. It has been suggested that there is a strong genetic component to the development of this cancer in American Indians and that the high rates among Hispanics are a result of genetic admixture with Indian groups. In this paper, we review the epidemiologic characteristics of gallbladder cancer in New Mexico's Hispanic population. We discuss the genetic study of the residents of the Abiquiu area of Rio Arriba County in northern New Mexico where the incidence of gallbladder cancer in white residents is significantly higher than that in any other county of the state. The Abiquiu population has a high degree of Indian ancestry, is genetically isolated, and shows close inbreeding. This combination has produced elevated frequencies of the allele or alleles predisposing to gallbladder cancer. Two familial aggregations of this disease, the first such aggregations to be reported, appear among these people. PMID- 7370928 TI - Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata: two case reports and a review of the medical literature. AB - Two cases of Leiomyomatosis Peritonealis Disseminata (LPD) are presented and discussed in relation to the 10 cases that to date constitute the medical literature on this condition. LPD presents findings highly suggestive of disseminated malignant neoplasm within the abdomen. Even upon histologic examination, it may be confused with sarcoma, especially low grade leiomyosarcoma. Electron microscopic examination was required for a correct diagnosis in one of the cases reported. Two distinguishing characteristics of LPD are given and a conservative approach to therapy is recommended in view of the fact that spontaneous regression of the nodules has been reported in most cases. Deomgraphic and clinical data for all reported cases of LPD are tabulated. PMID- 7370929 TI - The management of testicular seminomas, 1979. PMID- 7370930 TI - Staging and treatment of neuroblastoma. PMID- 7370931 TI - Testicular cancer in children. PMID- 7370932 TI - Pelvic rhabdomyosarcomas in childhood: diagnosis and concepts of management reviewed. PMID- 7370933 TI - The pathology of human bladder cancer. PMID- 7370934 TI - Classification and staging of bladder carcinoma. PMID- 7370936 TI - Carcinoma of the bladder: predictors. PMID- 7370935 TI - Carcinoma in situ of the bladder. PMID- 7370937 TI - Current perspectives in the management of high-grade invasive bladder cancer. PMID- 7370939 TI - Current status of classification and staging of prostate cancer. PMID- 7370938 TI - T3 bladder cancer: the case for higher radiation dosage. PMID- 7370940 TI - Surgical staging of carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 7370941 TI - Radical surgery for prostatic cancer. PMID- 7370942 TI - External radiation therapy of carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 7370943 TI - Combined interstitial and external radiotherapy in the definitive management of carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 7370944 TI - Hormonal therapy of prostatic cancer. PMID- 7370945 TI - Carcinoma of the adrenal cortex. PMID- 7370946 TI - Urethral cancer. PMID- 7370947 TI - The place of radiation therapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the distal end of the penis. PMID- 7370948 TI - Psychological impact of urologic cancer. PMID- 7370950 TI - Spinal cord glioma following irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. AB - A 21-year-old patient, after radiation therapy to the mediastinum for Hodgkin's disease, died six years later of a spinal cord glioma, believed to be caused by irradiation therapy. That the x-ray therapy provoked neoplastic changes seems likely, although it could be coincidental. PMID- 7370949 TI - The relative importance of estrogen receptor analysis as a prognostic factor for recurrence or response to chemotherapy in women with breast cancer. AB - The value of estrogen receptor (ER) analysis in primary breast cancer samples as a potential prognostic factor was examined in three clinical situations: time to recurrence in patients with no therapy after mastectomy, failure of patients receiving adjuvant therapy, and response of advanced disease patients to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Other prognostic factors analyzed were menopausal and nodal status. In none of these clinical settings were we able to demonstrate the usefulness of ER status as a prognosticator of the disease course or its response to therapy. PMID- 7370951 TI - Thyroid carcinoma after high-dose external radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease: report of three cases. AB - Three patients (two female and one male), who had received mantle irradiation for Hodgkin's disease eight, ten, and twelve years previously, developed papillary thyroid carcinoma. The radiation doses to the necks overlying the site of thyroid cancers were 3000, 4000, and 4100 rads, respectively. It has been stated that there is no risk of developing thyroid cancer with such high doses of external irradiation but apparently this complication will be encountered in a small number of patients. PMID- 7370952 TI - Immunocompetence, immunosuppression, and human breast cancer. II. Further evidence of initial immune impairment by integrated assessment effect of nodal involvement (N) and of primary tumor size (T). AB - Comprehensive immune function by integrated score was assessed in 158 operable, 55 inoperable, and 52 metastatic breast cancer patients relative to 107 healthy controls. The score was derived from in vivo response to PPD and DNCB and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation by PPD and PHA. Proportion of E-RFC was significantly lower in patients than in controls but was not found to correlate directly with the above functional criteria. Fifty-one percent of the patients with early, operable tumors were shown to be at least partially immunosuppressed by integrated score achievement vs. 11% of controls. This proportion rises to 68% of inoperable and 89% of metastatic patients. Quantitative analysis by graded response revealed an additional, significant degree of immune impairment in the respective patient groups by all testing parameters. Depression of immune function in operable patients was not related to age nor influenced by surgery. Immunocompetence of patients with mammary dysplasia did not differ from controls. Increasing size of primary tumor (T) was not found to be matched by progressive degree of immunosuppression, excepting that associated with large T4 tumors. Patients with lymph node involvement (N+) were not significantly immunologically inferior to those without (N0) where the larger operable T2-3) tumors are concerned. In the smallest, T1 tumors, nodal involvement (N+) is accompanied by remarkable immunosuppression relative to T1N0 cases. This finding suggests a pre existing immune defect inherent in T1N+ patients. It supports the hypothesis that the immunosuppression associated with early breast cancer is primary, patient related. Secondary tumor-induced depression of immune response characterizes advanced and metastatic human breast cancer. PMID- 7370955 TI - Pathological survey of intracranial germinoma and pinealoma in Japan. AB - Pathologic survey was performed on 43 cases of intracranial germinoma and 12 cases of pinealoma. The present study suggests that, in Japan, the incidence of teratoma groups including germinoma is remarkably higher than that in U.S. and Europe, whereas the rate of true pinealoma is lower. Using ultrastructural, enzyme-histochemical, and fluorescence-histochemical methods for a few surgical specimens, a strong similarity between intracranial germinoma (so-called "pinealoma" with a two-cell pattern) and seminoma and dysgerminoma was confirmed. The true pinealoma could be classified as pineoblastoma and pineocytoma, according to the degree of pineocyte differentiation of the tumor cells, and as "neuroblastoma-like" and "pineal-like" on the basis of the histologic architecture. PMID- 7370953 TI - Immunocompetence, immunosuppression, and human breast cancer. III. Prognostic significance of initial level of immunocompetence in early and advanced disease. AB - The prognostic significance of immunocompetence determined at diagnosis was analyzed in 158 operable breast cancer patients followed for 3--6 years, in terms of disease recurrence and of length of disease-free period (DFP) and in 52 patients with metastatic disease in terms of length of survival. In vitro lymphocyte stimulation by PPD and PHA were of higher predictive value with respect to probability of disease recurrence than in vivo cutaneous reactivity to PPD and DNCB. Conversely, length of DFP and of survival were found to correlate better with in vivo than within vitro parameters. Absolute number of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and percent of E-rosette-forming cells (E-RFC) proved devoid of prognostic value. Prognostic separation was best brought out upon analysis by integrated score of immunocompetence, comprising the four functional parameters. Probability of disease recurrence was 0.43 for all operable patients, as calculated by actuarial method 48 months postoperatively; it was 0.26 for optimal and 0.61 for suboptimal responders (P less than 0.0001). Separate analysis of Stage 1 (N0) and Stage II (N+) patients revealed prognostic segregation within each stage: probability of recurrence in Stage I was 0.06 for optimal vs. 0.41 for suboptimal responders (P less than 0.001) and in Stage II it was 0.45 vs. 0.79, respectively (P less than 0.01). These findings may prove valuable for a more selective patient allocation for post-mastectomy adjuvant therapy. Length of DFP was found inversely proportional to initial immunocompetence, with a mean of 23.5 months for good responders and 12.8 months for poor responders (P less than 0.01). Length of survival of metastatic patients was found to correlate with initial (pretreatment) levels of immunocompetence, mean survival being 29.5 months for those with preserved immune function and 12.3 months for the immunosuppressed (P less than 0.001). It was concluded that initial immunocompetence, determined by parameters of cell-mediated immunity, shows strong prognostic association with the subsequently observed course of human breast cancer. PMID- 7370954 TI - Serum immunoglobulin levels in childhood Hodgkin's disease. Effect of splenectomy and long-term follow-up. AB - Children with Hodgkin's disease had significantly elevated serum IgG and IgA levels but normal IgM and IgD levels when compared with healthy age- and sex matched controls. The increased serum IgG and IgA levels occurred in all four clinical stages of Hodgkin's disease but were not related to histologic cell type. Following staging splenectomy, serum IgG, IgA, and IgD levels fell by 20% in patients who recieved radiation therapy then returned to preoperative levels; by contrast, serum IgM levels fell by 50% and remained there for at least 36 months. Patients who received chemotherapy had a persistent decline in serum levels of all immunoglobulin classes by at least 40%. Thus, staging splenectomy per se appears to be at least partly responsible for the postoperative decline in serum IgM levels and this effect is enchanced by aggressive treatment of the Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7370956 TI - Studies of the goitrogenic and tumorigenic effect of two goitrogens in combination with hypophysectomy or thyroid hormone treatment. AB - The influence of hypophysectomy, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) on the goitrogenic and tumorigenic activity of methylthiouracil (MTU) and 1-methyl-2 mercapto imidazol (MMI) was studied in rats. Hypophysectomy effectively prevented the development of thyroid hyperplasia and adenomas in MTU-treated animals. T3 reduced or abolished the weight loss of goitrogen-treated animals, and prevented the development of thyroid hyperplasia, adenomas, and pulmonary metastatic nodules. The effect of T4 was less pronounced, especially in MTU-treated animals. This hormone failed to neutralize the goitrogenic effect of MTU but it did reduce significantly the incidence of thyroid adenomas and prevented the appearance of pulmonary lesions. The biological effect of the thyroid hormones correlated with their effect on the serum levels of TSH, T3, and T4. The observations are compatible with the assumption that the tumorigenic effect of the two goitrogens depends upon a state of imbalance between TSH and T3. PMID- 7370957 TI - DNA synthesis of benign human breast tumors in the untreated athymic "nude" mouse. An in vivo model to study hormonal influences on growth of human breast tissues. AB - DNA synthesis in 33 human benign breast tissue biopsy specimens (HBT) was determined by 3H-thymidine radioautography 0, 15, 30, and 60 days after s.c. transplantation to female nude mice. A third of the grafts was removed from each mouse at each time period. Grafts and 0-day slices were exposed to 3H-thymidine in vitro. Labeling indices (LI) [number of radiolabeled epithelial cells per unit area epithelium (0.1 mm2)] were calculated for 0-day slices and grafts from each mouse at each time period. The LI of high 0-day HBT grafts (LI greater than 15) decreased significantly between 0 and 15 and 0 and 30 days. The LI of low 0-day HBT grafts (LI less than 15) increased significantly at 15 days then decreased to 0-day levels at 30 days. No significant differences in LI of HBT grafts were observed between 30 and 60 days. Thus, a model has been proposed for studies of factors effecting the growth of human breast tissues transplanted to nude mice in which (1) each mouse is used as its own control by measuring DNA synthesis of grafts before and after treatment, and (2) the treatment is initiated 30 days or more after transplantation of breast tissues when graft DNA synthesis is stabilized. Using this model, we have observed marked increases in HBT graft DNA snythesis induced by human placental lactogen treatment of host nude mice from day 42 to day 60 after HBT transplantation. PMID- 7370958 TI - Spermatocytic seminoma: clinicopathological study of 22 cases. AB - Twenty-two cases of spermatocytic seminoma are reported. This neoplasm comprises 4.4% of all seminomas seen during the period under study. Nineteen patients were older than 40 years. Painless testicular enlargement was the presenting symptom in 19 patients. The duration of symptoms was more than six months in 12 patients. Macroscopically the tumor was soft, friable, grey, and edematous. Microscopically it is characterized by cellular pleomorphism, round cells and nuclei, scanty stroma, and absence of lymphocytes and granulomas. In none of the cases was the tumor associated with other neoplastic germ cell elements or with classical seminoma. Metastases were not encountered in any of the cases. Apart from 3 patients who died from unrelated causes, all the patients were alive and well for periods varying from two months to 27 years. Spermatocytic seminoma is a distinctive clinicopathological entity. It is unique among germ cell neoplasms because it occurs only in the testis and is not associated with other neoplastic germ cell elements. It has good prognosis and is not associated with metastases. Orchidectomy is the treatment of choice and there is no good evidence indicating that it should be followed by radiotherapy. PMID- 7370959 TI - The value of myelography in the management of childhood medulloblastoma. AB - Sixteen children with newly diagnosed medulloblastomas underwent myelography prior to radiotherapy. None had clinical evidence suggesting spinal cord involvement. Seven patients (43%) were discovered to have unsuspected metastases involving the cord. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology results were inaccurate in predicting spinal cord involvement. Additional radiation was administered to the demonstrated lesions. Thirteen children (81%) are alive and well 7-53 months (average 26) from completion of therapy. One of nine children with a normal myelogram initially, and two of seven with initial spinal cord involvement have relapsed. PMID- 7370960 TI - Growth rate of 147 mammary carcinomas. AB - In 147 cases of mammary carcinoma, 388 serial mammographies were performed before final treatment. The average retrospective observation time was 27 months with a range of two months to 11 years. The number of serial mammographies per case ranged between two and 11. The tumor volume doubling times (TV); obtained by measuring the growth of the tumor nucleus shadow in the mammographies, ranged from 44 to 1869 days with an average of 212 days. No correlation between volume doubling time and histologic differentiation could be found. One hundred of these cancer patients were found in a screening population of 22,000 women receiving serial mammographies in a time period ranging from two to 16 years. An additional 40 cancer patients surfaced in this group without roentgenologic but with foregoing clinical or thermographic abnormalities before final diagnosis. An additional 21 cancer patients surfaced without any foregoing abnormalities. The follow-up tumor ranged between three months and two years with a mean time of one year and nine months. Not considering tumor size, pathologic-thermographic signs appeared with greater frequency the faster the tumor grew. Theoretically, an average of more than 16 years should elapse before an initial tumor cell develops into a 10-mm primary mammary carcinoma (30 doubling times). Therefore the length of time necessary for a 2-mm tumor to grow to a size of 10-mm is, on the average, four years. PMID- 7370961 TI - Bilateral adrenal neuroblastoma. AB - Bilateral adrenal neuroblastoma is extremely rare, with isolated case reports considered to represent metastatic spread rather than simultaneous occurrence. This patient was found to have synchronous, separate, and equal size neoplasms that morphologically and ultrastructurally are neuroblastoma. We believe that these findings represent the unusual occurrence of simultaneous primary adrenal neuroblastoma reflecting multicentric origin of this neoplasm. PMID- 7370962 TI - Determination of prognostic factors and their influence on therapeutic results in patients with Ewing's sarcoma. AB - We have analyzed the results of treatment of 117 patients with Ewing's sarcoma admitted to the National Cancer Institute since 1964. All patients received local irradiation to the primary site and a series of progressively more intensive systemic chemotherapy regimens using drugs known to be active as single agents in this disease. Four protocols were employed with varying numbers of patients in each treatment group. Initially, there appeared to be a difference among treatment groups with regard to disease-free survival (overall P = .06), with the later regimens having more favorable outcomes. We then undertook a statistical analysis of the influence of five pretreatment variables--age, sex, site of primary disease, serum lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), and metastatic status--on disease-free survival. Of these five factors, important indicators of favorable prognosis for the entire group (and for each of the treatment subgroups) were a distal site of primary disease, normal serum lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) level at presentation, and the absence of metastatic disease at the time of presentation. When we examined treatment results with respect to these prognostic factors, we found that the subgroups treated with the more agressive regimens contained higher proportions of patients with favorable prognostic factors. After adjustment for differences in composition of treatment groups with respect to prognostic factors, the apparent difference in disease-free survival vanished (P = .62). These results indicate that in the case of Ewing's sarcoma, prognostic factors must be carefully considered in the design of treatment protocols and the subsequent analysis of end results. PMID- 7370963 TI - Evaluation of patients with advanced cancer using the Karnofsky performance status. AB - The Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS) was designed to measure the level of patient activity and medical care requirements. It is a general measure of patient independence and has been widely used as a general assessment of patient with cancer. Although there is a long history of use of the KPS for judging cancer patients, its reliability and validity have been assumed without formal investigation. The interrater reliability of the KPS was investigated in two ways, both of which gave evidence of moderately high reliability. The patients evaluated in their home were usually assigned a lower KPS score compared with a similar evaluation at the same time done in the outpatient clinic. Costruct validity of the KPS was demonstrated by strong correlation with several variables relating to physical function. On-study KPS score accurately predicted early death, but high initial KPS scores did not necessarily predict long survival. Patient deterioration with subsequent death within a few months could be predicted to a limited extent by a rapidly dropping KPS. These results suggest that the KPS has considerable validity as a global indicator of the functional status of patients with cancer and might be helpful for following other patients with chronic disease. PMID- 7370964 TI - Accidental intramuscular injection of mechlorethamine. AB - A 55-year-old man with chronic, active diffuse psoriasis was accidentally given 30 mg of mechlorethmine deep into the buttock muscles. About 5 hours after the intramuscular (IM) mechlorethamine injection, 1/6 M sodium thiosulfate was infused around the intramuscular site. Although systemic responses to the mechlorethamine developed, the expected muscular and adjacent skin destruction did not occur. Instead, IM mechlorethamine induced only minimal local tenderness. PMID- 7370965 TI - Cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary in a 4-year-old: benign transformation during therapy. AB - Ovarian tumors comprise only 1% of all tumors in females below the age of 17 years. Of these, the epithelial tumors are the least common, being particularly rare before puberty and then increasing in frequency with advancing age after puberty. The youngest girl previously reported in the literature with an epithelial ovarian tumor was a 9-year-old child with an ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma. This is the only case thus far reported of a malignant ovarian epithelial tumor occurring before puberty. Only histologically benign appearing glands were detected in the resected tumor masses, on a second-look laparotomy following the use of multiagent chemotherapy. PMID- 7370966 TI - Transformation of rat tracheal epithelial cells by benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites. AB - Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and its 7,8-dihydrodiol form were metabolically activated to malignantly transform a non-tumorigenic rat tracheal epithelial cell line in culture. The proximal carcinogenic metabolite of B[a]P, diolepoxide I, was more efficient in transforming the epithelial cell line than the intermediate or parent compound, even at a 50- or 100-fold lower concentration, respectively. Inoculations of the transformed cell lines into immunosuppressed isogenic recipients produced differentiated carcinomas similar to those which occur in humans. PMID- 7370967 TI - Mutagenic activity of ascorbate in mammalian cell cultures. AB - Exposure of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to solutions of ascorbate (2--5 x 10(-4) M) resulted in the induction of somatic mutations at the hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) locus. Mutant cells were resistant to 6-thioguanine (10 microgram/ml) and sensitive to HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine) medium. Doses of ascorbate which were mutagenic were also toxic. Addition of catalase to such ascorbate concentrations prevented both mutagenesis and toxicity. This suggests that mutagenic metabolites of ascorbate may involve peroxide radicals. PMID- 7370968 TI - Enhancement of epoxide hydratase activity in rat lung, kidney and liver by dietary antioxidants. AB - Enhancement of pulmonary epoxide hydratase activity in the rat was obtained by feeding a diet which contained 0.5% ethoxyquin (EQ) or 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4 hydroxytoluene (BHT). The enhancement was less marked (1.6-fold) than in the liver, where a 2-4-fold enhancement of enzyme activity was found after feeding 0.5% antioxidant. A minimal enhancing concentration of 0.1% EQ or BHT in food was established for hepatic epoxide hydratase. In kidney microsomes, elevation of enzyme activity was obtained with 0.5% EQ (1.8-fold), but not with 0.5% BHT. No concomitant increase of cytochrome P-450 content and of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was found in the tissues studied. PMID- 7370969 TI - The effect of exogenous nutrients on the biosynthesis of Y base in tRNAPHe from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. AB - In contrast to normal eukaryotic tissue, which contains a single isoaccepting species of tRNAPhe, the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma contains a spectrum of tRNAPhe species varying in their relative degree of posttranscriptional modification. The occurrence of multiple species involves an incomplete biosynthesis of the Y base, a complex hypermodified nucleoside located adjacent to the 3' end of the anticodon. Following intraperitoneal innoculation of a mixture of essential amino acids and vitamins into these mice, the majority of the tumor tRNAPhe behaved like the single liver tRNAPhe species. This suggests that under these conditions the modification of Y base was completed. PMID- 7370970 TI - Modification of PM2 DNA with N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene: changes in buoyant density, electrophoretic mobility and electron microscopic structure. AB - PM2 DNA, forms I and II, were chemically modified with the ultimate carcinogen N acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. The products were subjected to 3 analytical procedures: (i) buoyant density centrifugation in the presence of the intercalating dyes ethidium bromide or propidium diiodide; (ii) agarose gel electrophoresis: and (iii) electron microscopy. It was found that carcinogen modified DNAs banded at higher densities in the presence of either dye. This effect was far more pronounced with form I DNA than with form II. Form I DNA showed a concentration-dependent decrease of migration velocity in agarose gel electrophoresis after modification; form II DNA exhibited a similar but smaller effect. Electron microscopy of form I DNA did not reveal a consistent correlation between the extent of chemical modification and the loss of superhelical turns. Form II DNA exhibited characteristic alterations such as aggregation of several PM2 molecules into network-like structures, kinky configuration, and probably single-stranded bubbles extending over 600-1500 bases. PMID- 7370971 TI - Studies on the incidence of rat ileocecal malignant immunocytoma: vertical transmission of the high tumour incidence. AB - Monoclonal immunoglobulin-secreting tumours (immunocytomas, myelomas or plasmocytomas) appear with a high or low incidence in 2 sublines, LOU/C and LOU/M respectively, of the same inbred strain of rats. Studies of the reciprocal hybrids of the first generation between both substrains have shown that the transmission of the high tumour incidence from parents to offsprings is determined by the male as well as by the female. Absence of C-type viral particles in LOU/C rats and immunocytomas derived from them suggests that this vertical transmission might be genetically mediated. PMID- 7370973 TI - Denitrosation of N-nitrosomorpholine by liver microsomes; possible role of cytochrome P-450. AB - Liver microsomes from male mice and rats were incubated with N-nitrosomorpholine (MoNA) and an NADPH-regenerating system. The formation of nitrite was measured after induction or inhibition of the microsomal monooxygenase system. Pretreatment of the animals with phenobarbital (PB) enhanced nitrite formation by about 200%, while 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-induction showed no exceptional effects. Various specific inhibitors of the monooxygenase function including carbon monoxide decreased nitrite formation. In conjunction with results obtained by spectra studies it is suggested that N-nitrosomorpholine is denitrosated by a reduction process in which cytochrome (cyt.) P-450 seems to be involved. Nitricoxide formed is partly converted to nitrite under these conditions. PMID- 7370972 TI - Delay in onset of heat-sensitivity in a methylcholanthrene-induced tumor. AB - A delay in onset of heat-sensitivity was demonstrated for methylcholanthrene induced tumors implanted in the footpad of BALB/cJ or CAF1/J female mice. A heat dose of 46.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C/10 min resulted in long-term cure for a majority of the mice heated on day 7 post-implantation but cured only 4% of those heated on day zero and non-heated on day 1 post-implantation. By comparison, all untreated controls grew tumors which never spontaneously regressed and were dead within 3 months post-implantation. PMID- 7370974 TI - Activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to mutagens by singlet oxygen: an enhancing effect of atmospheric pollutants? AB - Chrysene and 3-methylcholanthrene are transformed to direct-acting mutagens by photodynamically generated singlet oxygen. In view of the presence of this species of oxygen in the polluted atmosphere, the possible conversion of environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to mutagens and to potential direct-acting ('ultimate') carcinogens deserves consideration. PMID- 7370975 TI - Structure and reactivity of nitrosocimetidine. AB - The major product of reaction of cimetidine in 2 M hydrochloric acid in the prescence of excess sodium nitrite is a mono-nitroso derivative, the structure of which has been determined by the application of field desorption mass and proton magnetic resonance spectrometry. The methylating ability of nitrosocimetidine in phosphate buffer at pH 7 towards 3,4-dichlorobenzenethiol is comparable to that of the known gastric carcinogen, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. PMID- 7370977 TI - New 9-stubstituted 3-N,O-diacetylhydroxylaminofluorenes: enhanced electrophilicity and mutagenicity. Derivatives of fluorene. 38. AB - The compound 2-acetamidofluorene is a potent hepatocarcinogen; its N-acetoxy derivative (2-NOAc-AAF), a model ultimate form of the carcinogen, is strongly mutagenic and is chemically reactive with nucleophiles. The isomeric 3 acetamidofluorene is a mammary carcinogen, but is not hepatocarinogenic; its N acetoxy derivative (3-NOAc-AAF) is not reactive with nucleophiles. Derivatives of 3-NOAc-AAF containing electron-donating groups in positions conjugated with the 3 position have been synthesized. These show increased electrophilicity and mutagenicity. Thus, by electronic manipulation of the leaving-group capacity of the -OAc group of 3-NOAc-AAF, we have obtained compounds with increased biological activity, as well as increased chemical reactivity. Future experiments could show whether in vivo effects of these derivatives of 3-NOAc-AAF are more like the effects of 2-NOAc-AAF or of 3-NOAc-AAF. PMID- 7370976 TI - The involvement of a non-'bay-region' diol-epoxide in the metabolic activation of benza[a]anthracene in hamster embryo cells. AB - The major hydrocarbon-nucleoside adduct present in hydrolysates of DNA from hamster embryo cells that had been treated with 3H-labelled benz[a]anthracene in culture has been examined by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 columns and by high pressure liquid chromatography. The results show that this adduct most probably arises from r-8,t-9-hydroxy-t-10,11-oxy-8,9,10,11-tetrahydrobenz[a]anthracene (anti-BA-8,9.-diol 10,11-oxide). On the basis of this and other evidence, this non-bay-region diol-epoxide appears to be a reactive intermediate involved in the metabolic activation of benz[a]anthracene. PMID- 7370978 TI - Identification of polysomes synthesizing Novikoff hepatoma nucleolar antigens. PMID- 7370980 TI - Immunohistology, light microscopy, and ultrastructural morphology of transplantable rat medullary thyroid carcinomas. PMID- 7370979 TI - Tumor-initiating activity of dihydrodiols formed metabolically from 5 methylchrysene. AB - The major dihydrodiols formed from 5-methylchrysene by rat liver 9000 X g supernatant were tested for tumor-initiating activity on mouse skin. The compounds tested were 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-5-methylchrysene, 7,8-dihydro-7,8 dihydroxy-5-methylchrysene, 9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxy-5-methylchrysene, and 5 methylchrysene. Each compound was applied in a total initiating dose of 30 microgram and was followed by promotion with tetradecanoylphorbol acetate. 1,2 Dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-5-methylchrysene was the most powerful tumor initiator, inducing tumors in 95% of the animals and 7.3 tumors per animal. 5-Methylchrysene and 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxy-5-methylchrysene induced tumors in 75 and 50% of the animals and gave 3.0 and 1.1 tumors per animal, respectively. 9,10-Dihydro 9,10-dihydroxy-5-methylchrysene was not tumorigenic. The results indicate that 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-5-methylchrysene is a major proximate carcinogen of 5 methylchrysene. Both 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-5-methylchrysene and 7,8-dihydro 7,8-dihydroxy-5-methylchrysene can theoretically form bay-region dihydrodiol epoxides, but the former was more tumorigenic than the latter. The high activity of 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-5-methylchrysene is typical of hydrocarbon derivatives with a methyl group in the bay region adjacent to an unsubstituted angular ring. PMID- 7370981 TI - Pharmacological disposition of 1,4-bis (2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-ethylamino) 9,10-anthracenedione diacetate in the dog. AB - 1,4-Bis (2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethylamino)-9,10-anthracenedione (NSC 287513) (HAQ) may be selected for clinical trial based on its activity against a number of transplantable rodent tumors. Using a high-pressure liquid chromatograph assay, we have studied the pharmacological fate of HAQ in beagles. After i.v. administration of HAQ at 15 mg/kg (300 mg/sq m), the initial plasma t1/2 of the agent was 9.4 min, and the terminal t1/2 was 115.2 min. A maximal plasma concentration of 24.9 mg of HAQ per liter was attained. A high plasma clearance of 23.5 ml/kg/min was observed in these animals. The extrapolated apparent volume of distribution was 693.7 ml/kg, comparable to that of antipyrine in the dog. In 5 hr, 24.0% of the administered HAQ has been excreted in the urine unchanged, and a trace of a metabolite was detected, amounting to less than 2% of the UV absorbing (254 nm) materials. However, hepatobiliary excretion constituted the primary route of drug elimination since 39.5% of the dose was found in the bile during the same period. An extraction procedure has been developed to quantify HAQ in tissue homogenates with 75 to 80% recovery. At autopsy, 5 hr after dosing, drug distribution in terms of percentage of the dose administered is as follows: liver, 7%; kidneys, 3.5%; pancreas, 3.1%; small intestine, 1.5%; stomach, 1.3%; spleen, 0.7%; lungs, 0.5%; heart, 0.4%; large intestine, 0.4%; and brain, 0.2%. PMID- 7370982 TI - Longitudinal karyotype and genetic signature analysis of cultured human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines LS180 and LS174T. AB - Giemsa-banded chromosomes were analyzed at intervals during either 34 or 70 serial subcultivations of two cell lines, LS180 and LS174T, established from one primary human colon adenocarcinoma, and at passage 14 of autochthonous normal bowel cells, NB(LS174T). The cell lines were established and subcultured by either scraping or trypsin treatment of primary cultures; the scraped cell line was designated LS180, and the trypsin-dispersed cell line was named LS174T. Early passages of LS174T cells were composed mainly of 46,XX (38%) and 45,X (34%) karyotypes; LS180 cultures possessed cells with 46,XX (54%), 45,X (7.5%), and 47,XX+D (19.5%) chromosome modes. In both cell lines, the 45,X karyotype predominated in later subcultivations. After the fifth passage, all LS180 cells examined exhibited a translocation from the long arm of the X chromosome to the long arm of the No. 5 chromosome. Cultures from the patient's normal bowel mucosa and peripheral blood leukocytes had normal 46,XX karyotypes. Genetic signature analysis sustantiated the common genetic origin of the cell lines, and we concluded that differences observed between LS180 and LS174T were not due to contamination with other cell lines. LS180 and LS174T represent closely related cell lines differing cytogenetically in a translocation. PMID- 7370983 TI - Turnover of 3'-polyadenylate-containing RNA in livers from aged, partially hepatectomized, neonatal, and Morris 5123C hepatoma-bearing rats. PMID- 7370984 TI - Thioguanine-induced S and G2 blocks and their significance to the mechanism of cytotoxicity. AB - The delayed cytotoxic effect of 6-thioguanine (TG) was studied using L1210 mouse leukemic cells in culture. The cell cycle distribution of a population treated continuously with 10(-5) M TG was compared to that of control cells using flow cytometric analysis. The TG-treated cells had an increase in the fraction of the population in G2-M, a decrease in G1, and a constant level in S phase. However, the [methyl-3H]thymidine-labeling index decreased dramatically during TG treatment. Thus, it appeared that some cells were arrested in S phase and that G1 cells did not enter S phase, due to failure to synthesize DNA. To examine the importance of the G2 and S cell progression blocks, cells were exposed to a lethal treatment of 10(-5) M TG for 12 hr and returned to normal medium. Under these conditions, the fraction of the population in both S and G1 decreased, and nearly one-half of the cells accumulated in G2 by 60 hr after TG addition, compared to a G2 fraction of less than one-tenth for the control cells. These results showed that the delayed cytotoxic effect of TG was associated with a cell progression block in the second G2 phase after TG addition, whereas the retention of cells in S phase appeared to be due to readily reversible secondary effects of TG. PMID- 7370985 TI - Comparative reactivities of esters of oncogenic and nononcogenic purine N-oxides and evidence of the oxidation-reduction reactivity of aromatic nitrenium ions. AB - Studies on the relative reactivities of esters of oncogenic and nononcogenic members of the purine N-oxide series indicate that, despite similarities in rates of reaction with the solvent, electrophilic cations from oncogenic derivatives are 10- to 100-fold more reactive toward added nucleophiles in vitro than are cations from nononcogenic compounds. The studies provide strong confirmation of an earlier proposal that nitrenium ion contributors of delocalized aromatic cations from 3-acyloxypurines, rather than radical intermediates, are the agents responsible for the oxidizing reactivity of these esters. They demonstrate further that delocalized aromatic nitrenium ions are highly susceptible to reduction by common nucleophiles that are not usually associated with oxidation reduction reactions. Examples of such behavior with "soft" bases and other oncogenic arylamines indicate the generality of this little recognized property of aromatic nitrenium ions. PMID- 7370986 TI - Pyrazofurin inhibition of purine biosynthesis via 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl 5'-monophosphate formyltransferase. PMID- 7370988 TI - Circadian bioperiodic response of mice bearing advanced L1210 leukemia to combination therapy with adriamycin and cyclophosphamide. PMID- 7370987 TI - Intracellular concentration of sodium and other elements as related to mitogenesis and oncogenesis in vivo. PMID- 7370989 TI - Phase I clinical investigation of 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis (( (2-[(2 hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl) amino))-9,10-anthracenedione dihydrochloride (NSC 301739), a new anthracenedione. AB - 1,4-Dihydroxy-5,8-bis(( (2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl)-amino))-9,10 anthracenedione dihydrochloride is a new anthracenedione derivative that was evaluated in a Phase I clinical trial. The schedule of administration consisted of a single i.v. injection, repeated at 4-week intervals. Twenty-five patients received a total of 41 courses of the drug in a dose range of 1.2 to 14 mg/sq m. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were dose limiting but were of short duration and rapidly reversible. Mild degrees of phlebitis were observed in 10% of courses, and a green discoloration of the urine was noted with doses of greater than or equal to 10 mg/sq m. One patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung experienced a partial response of his tumor secondary to the drug. Phase II studies of 1,4 dihydroxy-5,8-bis(( (2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl)amino))-9,10-anthracenedione dihydrochloride are planned at a starting dose of 12 mg/sq m as a single dose repeated at 21- to 28-day intervals. PMID- 7370990 TI - Enhancement of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine accumulation within L1210 cells and increased cytotoxicity following thymidine exposure. PMID- 7370991 TI - Liposomal protection of adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. PMID- 7370992 TI - Modifying role of partial hepatectomy and gonadectomy in ethylnitrosourea-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID- 7370993 TI - Basal lamina and tissue recognition in malignant mammary tumors. PMID- 7370994 TI - Purification and characterization of cytosol protein 45/7.8 present in rapidly growing hepatomas. AB - Protein 45/7.8 (molecular weight X 10(-3)/isoelectric point) was found in the cytosol of several rapidly growing hepatomas including Morris hepatomas 3924A and 9618A2 and Novikoff hepatoma. It was not found in Morris hepatomas 7794A and 8999, which have intermediate growth rates, or in the slow-growing Morris hepatoma 9618A, normal rat liver, 18-hr regenerating rat liver, or livers of fetal rats. Protein 45/7.8 was isolated under nondenaturing conditions from Morris hepatomas 3924A and 9618A2 and Novikoff hepatoma in high purity by purification in three steps: ammonium sulfate fractionation; diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography; and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The protein was highly purified as shown by two-dimensional, isoelectric-focusing sodium dodecyl sulfate:polyacrylamide gels. The amino acid composition of protein 45/7.8 from the three tumors studied was very similar; the acid of protein 45/7.8 was proline, and its COOH terminus amino acid was tyrosine. Protein 43/8.1 found in normal liver is different from hepatoma protein 45/7.8 by amino terminus, amino acid composition, and tryptic peptides. PMID- 7370995 TI - In vitro selection of murine B16 melanoma variants with enhanced tissue-invasive properties. AB - New assay methods have been devised to quantitate tumor cell invasion of tissues of differing histological complexity maintained as organ cultures in vitro (chorioallantoic membrane of chicken, mouse urinary bladder, and canine blood vessel. In addition to quantitating tumor cell invasion, these methods also allow recovery of invasive cells for comparison with noninvasive cells. These methods have been used to select variant sublines from murine B16-F1 and B16-F10 melanoma lines that display significantly greater tissue-invasive abilities than the parent lines. B16 variant sublines selected in vitro for increased invasiveness through the bladder wall or vein also show a significant increase in their ability to form spontaneous and experimental metastases in vivo. In contrast, cells from the same parent cell line selected for increased invasiveness through the chorioallantoic membrane do not show significant alterations in metastatic behavior. We conclude that invasive variants can be isolated from the parent B16 tumor by several in vitro methods and that the level of expression of the invasive phenotype in vivo may be determined by the severity of the selection procedure in vitro. PMID- 7370997 TI - Cell injury by antineoplastic agents and influence of coenzyme Q10 on cellular potassium activity and potential difference across the membrane in rat liver cells. AB - Potential difference across the cell membrane and intracellular activity of the potassium ion in rat liver cells were measured simultaneously using double barreled potassium ion-selective microelectrodes. Both potential difference across the membrane and K+ activity in liver cells were depressed after treatment with the antineoplastic agents mitomycin C and 5-Flourouracil Dry Syrup, suggesting that these drugs would induce disturbances of cellular energy metabolism in liver cells. When the antineoplastic agents were used in combination with coenzyme Q10, the depression of potential difference across the membrane and K+ activity and the hypofunction of liver cells in energy metabolism were significantly prevented. PMID- 7370996 TI - Cell surface properties of B16 melanoma variants with differing metastatic potential. PMID- 7370998 TI - Regression of induced keratoacanthomas in anagen (hair growth phase) skin grafts in mice. AB - Transplants of experimental keratoacanthomas induced in skin grafts which were in the growth phase of the hair follicle cycle (anagen phase) were carried out in immunocompetent and immunoincompetent receipients ("nude" mouse, nu/nu). No differences in gross graft observations were noticed. More than 80% of all keratoacanthomas disappeared postgrafting. This percentage was the same for both groups of recipients. These data are in keeping with a nonimmunological regression of experimental keratoacanthomas. A possible correlation with the hair follicle cycle is suggested. PMID- 7371000 TI - Purification of an anemia-inducing factor from human placenta and its application to diagnosis of malignant neoplasms. AB - An anemia-inducing substance was isolated from the human placenta and designated placental anemia-inducing factor (PAIF). An amount of 2.8 mg was purified from about 70 total placentas (total wet weight, 42 kg). PAIF caused hemolysis of human erythrocytes in vitro and reduced the number of erythrocytes in rabbits to 80% of that in the control by i.v. administration of 27 micrograms/kg of body weight. PAIF is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 20,000 and containing about 56% sugar. Radioimmunoassay using 125I-labeled PAIF and antiserum revealed a common antigenicity with crude anemia-inducing substance in sera from patients with cancer. No cross-reactions were observed between PAIF and alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, Australia antigen, human chorionic gonadotropin, or human placental lactogen. The level of anemia-inducing factor in normal serum was less than 100 ng/ml, whereas 43 of 63 cancer patients (68.3%) had over 100 ng/ml of serum anemia-inducing factor. Anemia-inducing factor assay may provide a means of detection and aid in the treatment of malignant diseases. PMID- 7370999 TI - Comparison of hepatic cathepsin D activity in response to tumor growth and to caloric restriction in mice. PMID- 7371002 TI - Metabolic activation of dibenzo(a,e)fluoranthene, a nonalternant carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbon, in liver homogenates. PMID- 7371003 TI - Increase of progesterone receptor by tamoxifen as a hormonal challenge test in breast cancer. AB - In 25 cases of postmenopausal breast cancer, estradiol receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were measured in cutaneous metastatic nodules before and after administration of 30 mg of tamoxifen per day for 1 week. No response was recorded in ER-poor cases. However, in tumors containing greater than 10 fmol ER per mg cytosol protein, 6 of 14 cases showed an increase in PR of greater than 30 fmol/mg cytosol protein. The presence or absence of PR before administration of tamoxifen did not discriminate systematically between hormone-responsive and nonresponsive tumors. These findings demonstrate in vivo that biochemical changes brought about by an agent binding to ER can be observed only in ER-positive cases. In addition they suggest that, in these ER-positive cases responding to tamoxifen by increase of PR, the simultaneous or sequential administration of both antiestrogen (rescuing PR) and progestagen (decreasing PR) may allow better hormonal control of the disease. PMID- 7371001 TI - Effects of estrogen and antiestrogen on DNA polymerase in human breast cancer. AB - We have investigated the effects of estrogens and antiestrogens on cellular DNA dependent DNA polymerase activity in human breast cancer, using as a model the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line which contains estrogen receptor. 17 beta Estradiol had little if any effect on cytosol DNA polymerase activity or growth (total DNA per flask) of MCF-7 cells. Incubation of the cells for 4 to 6 days with the antiestrogen nafoxidine, however, resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in cytosol DNA polymerase activity to one-half that observed in untreated cells. Enzyme activity in antiestrogen-treated cells was restored to levels contained in untreated cells by removing antiestrogen from the growth medium and incubating the cells for an additional 4 days with 17 beta-estradiol. The restoration required estrogenic steroids specifically, and the time course, magnitude, and dose dependence of the response were similar to estrogen-stimulated increases in DNA polymerase activity described in other estrogen target tissues. Estrogen mediated reversal of antiestrogen suppression of DNA polymerase activity was paralleled by increases in total DNA synthesis. PMID- 7371004 TI - Potential for inappropriate therapeutic application of drug as a result of the use of cell substrates of uncertain derivation. PMID- 7371005 TI - In vivo effects and parallel in vitro cytotoxicity of splenocytes harvested from treated or control C57BL/6J mice after adjuvant immunotherapy of pulmonary metastases using xenogeneic RNA specific to B16 murine melanoma. PMID- 7371006 TI - Activity of thymidine as a chemotherapeutic agent against human tumor xenografts in nude mice. PMID- 7371007 TI - Demonstration of embryonic-type hemoglobin in extramedullary hematopoietic cells in the liver during experimental liver carcinogenesis by 3'-methyl-4 dimethylaminoazobenzene. AB - Using an immunofluorescent technique, we demonstrated the production of rat embryonic-type hemoglobin in extra-medullary hematopoietic cells, which appeared in the liver of adult Wistar rats fed a diet containing 0.06% 3'-methyl 4=dimethylaminoazobenzene. Specific anti-rat embryonic hemoglobin serum was prepared by immunizing a rabbit with hemoglobin from a 15- or 16-day-old Wistar rat fetus and absorbing with adult rat liver hemogenate and red blood cells. The appearance of hematopoietic foci was observed at both precancerous and cancerous stages during 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-induced liver carcinogenesis. At the cancerous stage, almost all these foci were observed in poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas. The hematopoietic cells seen at both stages were stained positively with antiembryonic hemoglobin serum, but red blood cells and other types of cells in the liver did not show this specific fluorescence. These results together with earlier observations on the appearance of fetal characteristics strongly suggest that a fetal environment prevails in the adult rat liver during hepatic carcinogenesis. PMID- 7371009 TI - Benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in bovine aortic endothelial and bovine lung fibroblast like cell cultures. AB - The metabolism of [3H]benzo(a)pyrene ([3H]BP) in bovine aortic endothelial and bovine lung fibroblast-like cells in vitro was investigated. Both cell types metabolized BP to organic solvent-extractable and water-soluble metabolites. The major organic solvent-extractable metabolites were 9-hydroxy-benzo(a)pyrene and 3 hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene; 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, 9,10-dihydro-9,10 dihydroxy-benzo(a)pyrene, and BP quinones were also formed. No glucuronide or sulfate conjugates of BP metabolites were detected. When exposed to [3H]-3 hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, both cell types metabolized this phenol to water-soluble derivatives, probably through oxidation rather than conjugation of the molecule. These results demonstrate that endothelial cells metabolze BP to a proximate carcinogenic derivative, the 7,8-dihydrodiaol. Thus, efforts to predict the biological effects of hydrocarbons of an organism must take into account possible metabolic activation by endothelial cells as well as by other target tissues. The formation of unconjugated, phenolic hydrocarbon derivatives by bovine cells suggests their use as a model system for studying the contribution of phenols to the induction of biological effects by hydrocarbons. PMID- 7371008 TI - Differences in colonic nuclear proteins of two mouse strains with different susceptibilities to 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenesis. PMID- 7371010 TI - Purification and properties of hamster liver ligandins, glutathione S transferases. AB - Glutathione S-transferases have been purified to homogeneity from Chinese hamster liver. Three enzyme forms were separated and designated Forms I, II, and III in order of their elution from carboxymethylcellulose columns. The forms exhibit close physical similarities to glutathione S-transferases B (ligandin) of rat liver and epsilon of humam liver. However, enzyme kinetic analysis indicates that the hamster enzymes exhibit similar Km values but higher Vmax values towards common substrates compared with the rat and human forms. These differences, which explain the increased enzymic activities of hamster glutathione S-transferases in vivo and in vitro, appear to be related to slight differences in the peptide composition of hamster liver glutathione S-transferases compared to the rat and human enzymes. PMID- 7371011 TI - Reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels by ultimate carcinogens in human lymphocytes. AB - The effect of several classes of DNA-damaging chemicals and closely related compounds on cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels was studied in freshly isolated peripheral human lymphocytes. Of the 21 compounds examined, 7 were direct DNA-damaging agents and 14 were non-DNA-damaging compounds or required metabolic activation to casue DNA damage. Rapid lowering of cellular NAD levels was caused by each of the direct DNA-damaging chemicals examined in this study including N-methyl-N'-nitr-N-nitrosoguanidine, methyl methanesulfonate, N acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, 7-bromomethylbenz(a)anthracene, and the benzo(a)pyrene derivatives, r-7,t-8-dihydroxy-9, 10-epoxy-7,8,9,10 tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-epoxide. The indirect-acting carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene, 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and derivatives that were non-DNA-damaging did not cause lowering of NAD. The results suggest a general correlation between DNA damage and acute lowering of cellular NAD pools. PMID- 7371012 TI - Selection and characterization in culture of mammary tumor cells with distinctive growth properties in vivo. PMID- 7371013 TI - Thymidine requirements for the rescue of patients treated with high-dose methotrexate. PMID- 7371014 TI - Cellular potentials of normal and cancerous fibroblasts and hepatocytes. AB - Several lines of investigation point to differences in electrical properties between normal and cancerous cells. Several tumor lines have low-resting membrane potentials. A few comparisons have been made between normal and tumor cells within the same tissue cell type. This study compares the cellular or transmembrane potential of hepatocytes and fibroblasts in both normal and tumor cells. High-impedance micropipets were used to record intracellularly in vivo in Buffalo rat hepatocytes and Morris 7777 hepatoma cells, as well as A/J mouse corneal fibroblasts and poorly differentiated fibrosarcoma cells. Rat hepatocytes had a mean membrane potential of -37.1 +/- 4.3 (S.D.) mV compared to -19.8 +/- 7.1 mV in the hepatoma cells. Mouse corneal fibroblasts measured -42.5 +/- 5.4 mV, while cells of mouse fibrosarcoma were -14.3 +/- 5.4 mV. The membrane potentials of the tumor cells were lower in both instances than in their normal counterpart (statistically significant at p = 0.001 for both tissue cell types). This supports the notion that lower cellular or membrane potentials may play a significant role in the altered physiology of the tumor cell. PMID- 7371015 TI - Potent bile salt and organic anion inhibition of methotrexate uptake and accumulation in the freshly isolated rat hepatocyte. PMID- 7371016 TI - Inhibition of mammary tumor growth by dexamethasone in rats in the presence of high serum prolactin levels. AB - Female Sprague-Dawley rats with established 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced mammary tumors were given daily s.c. injections of 50 microgram dexamethasone per rat, 0.5 mg haloperidol per kg, or both for 3 weeks. Control rats received the injection vehicles only. Mammary tumor growth was measured at weekly intervals for 21 days, and blood was collected on Days 10 and 21 of treatment for assay of prolactin. Dexamethasone produced significant regression of mammary tumors and reduced serum prolactin levels, whereas haloperidol significantly increased mammary tumor growth and greatly elevated serum prolactin levels. When dexamethasone and haloperidol were injected together, there was significant regression of mammary tumors despite markedly elevated serum prolactin levels. No significant differences in specific prolactin binding to membrane preparations of mammary tumors from these animals were observed in any treatment group. These results indicate that dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, can directly inhibit mammary tumor growth in the presence of elevated serum prolactin levels produced by haloperidol, and this inhibition is not due to a reduction of prolactin binding sites in the tumor tissue. PMID- 7371017 TI - Postreplication repair in three murine melanomas, a mammary carcinoma, and a normal mouse lung fibroblast line. AB - Repair of ultraviolet light-induced damage to DNA was studied in three melanoma lines, a mammary carcinoma line, EMT6, and a normal lung fibroblast line, MLF, all from the mouse. The melanomas were B16CL4, a gamma-ray-resistant clonal line derived from B16; S91H-, an auxotrophic line derived from Cloudman S91; and HP, a freshly isolated line from s.c. grown Harding-Passey melanoma. The melanomas and MFL were found to perform minimal excision repair and photoreactivation. Postreplication repair, on the other hand, was an active process in all five of the lines. All three melanomas exhibited postreplication repair rates that were about twice that of MLF. The freshly isolated HP line evolved during subcultivation, and its postreplication repair rate dropped after 3 months to a rate comparable to EMT6, which was 1.5 times that of MLF. The results suggest that postreplication repair is an important process in melanomas and may be related to radiation response. PMID- 7371018 TI - Glycoprotein differences in solid and ascites forms of the 13762 rat mammary adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7371019 TI - Comparison of the carcinogenic effects of five nitrosamines in guinea pigs. AB - Five nitrosamines which were potent carcinogens in rats or hamsters were administered by gavage in olive oil solution twice a week to 20 male strain 2 guinea pigs. Nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine given at 80 mg/kg/week for 12 weeks or at 32 mg/kg/week for 35 weeks gave rise to hemangioendothelial sarcomas of the liver in 6 and 19 animals, respectively. The same tumors were induced in 18 animals by dinitroso-2,6,dimethylpiperazine, together with hepatocellular carcinomas in six animals. Nitrosomethyldodecylamine also induced mainly hemangioendothelial sarcomas of the liver (12 animals). A few bile duct carcinomas were also observed. Neither nitrosoheptamethyleneimine nor nitrosomethyldiethylurea seemed to induce tumors in guinea pigs under our conditions. PMID- 7371020 TI - Allopurinol modification of the toxicity and antitumor activity of 5 fluorouracil. PMID- 7371021 TI - Relationships of S-phase fraction of breast carcinoma in relapse to duration of remission, estrogen receptor content, therapeutic responsiveness, and duration of survival. AB - The fractions of tumor cells in S phase (DNA synthesis) were measured by in vitro thymidine labeling and autoradiography in 48 breast carcinomas after relapse. The S-phase fractions (SPF's), expressed as S-phase cells/100 cells, had a lognormal distribution with a geometric mean of 6.5 and a median of 7.4. Paired SPF measurements on the primary and relapsed breast carcinomas of 14 patients showed that the SPF usually increased over time. The SPF after relapse correlated negatively with the interval between primary therapy and relapse and with duration of survival after relapse. Low SPF's were associated with older age, minimal nuclear anaplasia, and estrogen receptor positivity, but SPF was the only variable that could be shown to have independent prognostic significance. Therefore, the prognostic powers of the estrogen receptor status and nuclear grade appear to result from their correlations with the SPF. Either low SPF or presence of estrogen receptor predicted response to hormonal therapy. PMID- 7371022 TI - Early induction of mouse urinary bladder ornithine decarboxylase activity by rodent vesical carcinogens. AB - The responses of mouse urinary bladder ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50) activities were studied following topical intravesical administration of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2 thiazolyl]-formamide (FANFT) or 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole (ANFT), potent rodent bladder carcinogens. A single bladder topical application of ANFT or FANFT resulted in a significant increase over controls of ornithine decarboxylase activity within 5 hr, with a return to control levels by 10 hr. S Adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activity demonstrated a lesser response to topical ANFT or FANFT, achieving a level 2 or 3 times that of controls at 5 to 8 hr, followed by a gradual decline to control levels. Stimulation of activities of both enzymes was dose dependent over a range of 4.6 to 460 nmol of ANFT. ANFT induced ornithine decarboxylase activity was principally localized in the bladder epithelium and was inhibited in a linear dose-response relationship by the synthetic retinoid, 13-cis-retinoic acid. Mice given FANFT p.o. demonstrated a significant increase over controls in ornithine decarboxylase activity within 12 hr, followed by a gradual decline to control levels by 72 hr. PMID- 7371023 TI - Application of a simple competitive protein-binding assay technique to the pharmacokinetics of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate in humans. AB - A competitive protein-binding assay for N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) using aspartate transcarbamylase as the receptor protein and [14C]PALA as the radioactive ligand is described here and has been applied to study the pharmacokinetics of PALA in humans. A protein-free ultrafiltrate of plasma, prepared by centrifugation of 1-ml samples through Amicon Centriflo membrane cones, was used in the assay, which had a maximun sensitivity of 0.7 microM PALA in plasma. At this level, the coefficient of variation was less than 10%. Comparison of the competitive binding assay to a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric technique shows that the two methods yield equivalent results in the concentration range of 1 microM to 1 mM. However, the competitive binding assay possesses practical advantages because of its simplicity and the ease with which multiple samples may be assayed. PALA disappearance from plasma was studied in seven patients and was found to be consistent with a two-compartment open model. The t1/2 alpha (elimination half-life for initial phase) and t1/2 beta (elimination half-life for terminal phase) were 0.93 +/- 0.73 (S.D.) hr and 4.82 +/- 1.48 hr, respectively. The cumulative urinary excretion of PALA int two patients was 70 and 90% of the administered dose 16 hr after the infusion was completed. PMID- 7371025 TI - Effect of time and duration of exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on x-ray transformation of C3H 10T 1/2 cells. AB - We have confirmed our previous observations that the tumor-promoting agent 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) enhances transformation induced by low doses of X-rays. We report here that TPA exerts its effect primarily on actively proliferating cells and has little promoting effect once the cells have reached confluency. However, previously irradiated cells seeded at low density, allowed to reach confluency and then reseeded at low density maintain the capacity to respond to TPA treatment during this second round of proliferation. These results indicate that: (a) as in vivo, TPA is effective even when treatment begins a long time after exposure to the initiating agent; (b) the enhancement of expression of X-ray transformation by TPA is not due to a simple stimulation of cell proliferation; (c) TPA enhancement does not result primarily from the conversion of premutational lesions in DNA to mutations; and (d) the promotional effects of TPA are probably not related to an effect on a DNA repair process. PMID- 7371024 TI - Comparison between the cellular proteins of hairy cell leukemia and the leukemic phase of other lymphoproliferative diseases. AB - Cellular proteins from malignant cells of the leukemic phase of hairy cell leukemia and other lymphoproliferative diseases characterized by immunological markers were evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate gradient-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein patterns from eight patients with hairy cell leukemia were essentially identical. The protein patterns from eight patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, seven patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, and four patients with poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma were examined and did not demonstrate a consistent pattern within each disease. The protein patterns of one patient each with T-cell malignant lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma, or acute monocytic leukemia were also examined. The protein pattern for hairy cell leukemia is distinctly different from that of all the other diseases studied; differences were distinct even within and between immunological subtypes. PMID- 7371026 TI - Distribution of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine evaluated by whole-body radioautography and densitometry. PMID- 7371027 TI - Cellular pharmacology of N,N-dimethyl daunorubicin and N,N-dimethyl adriamycin. PMID- 7371029 TI - 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine nucleotide inhibition of sialic acid metabolism in WI-38 cells. AB - Because cytidine nucleotides have been demonstrated to affect activity of sialytransferases of both normal and malignant cells, we have investigated the effects of nucleotides of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) [1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-monophosphate and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosycytosine 5' triphosphate (ara-CTP)] on synthesis of sialoglycoproteins. Normal human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38 cells) were used in culture at confluency, when fewer than 1% of the cells were synthesizing DNA. 1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine 5' monophosphate was inhibitory to both sialytransferase activity of the intact cell and total cell homogenate transferase activity. The enzymes which synthesize and degrade the substrate of sialyltransferases, cytidine 5'-monophosphate-N acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-AcNeu), were also tested for inhibition by nucleotides of ara-C. Synthesis of CMP-AcNeu was competitively inhibited by ara-CTP; however, formation of CMP-AcNeu when ara-CTP was supplied as substrate could not be detected. Hydrolysis of CMP-AcNeu was inhibited more severely by cytidine 5' triphosphate than by ara-CTP or 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5' monophosphate. Confluent cultures of WI-38 cells exposed to ara-C have decreased amounts of glycoprotein sialic acid, suggesting that ara-C nucleotides may reach sufficient intracellular concentrations to affect the enzyme systems described. PMID- 7371028 TI - Ultraviolet light-induced transformation of human cells to anchorage-independent growth. AB - We have developed a system for ultraviolet light (UV) transformation of human embryonic cells to anchorage-independent growth. The procedure involves multiple UV irradiations, post irradiation growth, and plating in soft agar. Transformants are obtained at frequencies from 1 to 80 per 10(5) cells at UV exposures to 25 J/sq m. The resulting transformants can be subcultured on solid surfaces. The cells show crisscrossing and piling up; they reach 2- to 5-fold higher saturation densities than the parental cells. Some subcultures show increased plating efficiency in soft agar and increased life span. The susceptibility of the UV transformation process to apparent photoenzymatic reversal implies that purimidine dimers play a role in its induction. PMID- 7371030 TI - Effect of retinoic acid on cell surface glycopeptides of cultured spontaneously transformed mouse fibroblasts (BALB/c 3T12-3 cells). PMID- 7371031 TI - Effects of DL-alpha-methylornithine on proliferation and polyamine content of 9L rat brain tumor cells. AB - Treatment of 9L rat brain tumor cells with 10 mM DL-alpha-methylornithine (alpha MO) resulted in cytostasis when cells were plated in monolayer culture at an initial cell density of 5 x 10(5)/flask but not 1 x 10(6). Fifty mM caused cytostasis at both initial densities but more effectively at the lower one. Cytocidal effects measured by a colony-forming efficiency assay were observed at 100 mM but not at 75 mM or less. Both concentrations at both initial cell densities depleted intracellular putrescine content to less than 5% of control by 12 hr and spermidine content to less than 20% of control by 48 hr posttreatment. Intracellular spermine content increased between 1.5- and 2-fold with either concentration of alpha MO and at both densities. Flow cytometry revealed no differences in cell cycle distribution between controls and cells treated with 10 mM alpha MO. The cytostatic effect of 10 mM alpha MO on 9L cultures of lower initial density appeared to be a specific result of polyamine depletion since it was reversible by exogenous putrescine added 24 hr after treatment. The effect of 50 mM alpha MO was not reversible by exogenous putrescine or pyridoxal added simultaneously or 24 hr after treatment. Treatment of 9L cells with 50 mM DL-or L ornithine caused growth inhibition equal to that produced by 50 mM alpha MO. The effect of 50 mM alpha MO is thus not attributable to polyamine depletion. PMID- 7371032 TI - Immunomodulatory effect of various molecular-weight maleic anhydride-divinyl ethers and other agents in vivo. AB - Various molecular-weight maleic anhydride-divinyl ether copolymer polyanions were evaluated in six in vivo systems. Low- and high-molecular-weight MVE's were effective adjuvants with irradiated L1210 tumor cell vaccine. A high percentage of L1210-challenged survivors were refractory to a second challenge of tumor cells. Azimexon and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin were also effective adjuvants, but Bestatin was without adjuvant effect. All the MVE's demonstrated a marginal antitumor effect against the L1210 and LSTRA tumors. The MVW's, regardless of molecular weight differences, were effective in enhancing macrophage tumoricidal activity and retarding the development of M109 tumor growth in the lungs. Enhancement of delayed-type hypersensitivity by all six MVE's indicates their ability to stimulate T-cells. PMID- 7371033 TI - Lethal and cytokinetic effects of mitomycin C on cultured human colon cancer cells. AB - The lethal and cytokinetic effects of mitomycin C (MC) as a function of drug concentration and exposure time were assessed in cultured human colon adenocarcinoma (LoVo) cells using colony formation to determine cell survival and DNA flow cytometry to examine cell cycle perturbation. MC evoked threshold exponential type 1-hr dose-dependent survival curves in both exponential and stationary growth phases (Dq = 0.4 microgram/ml; Do = 1.0 microgram/ml). In exponentially growing cultures, a given exposure dose of MC induced equitoxic effects regardless of the specific drug concentration and exposure time used with uninterrupted treatment. However, dose fractionation experiments revealed the ability of LoVo cells to partially repair sublethal damage from MC exposure. Cell cycle progression was reversibly delayed or blocked in G2, S, and G1 phases in this order of sensitivity, with a frozen cycle distribution after greater than or equal to 24 hr treatment with 5 microgram of MC per ml. The reversible delay in S phase traverse without a significant subsequent G2 block may be exploitable for administration of S-phase-specific drugs to maximize cell kill. PMID- 7371035 TI - Urinary excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid and 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylacetic acid by 288 patients with neuroblastoma and related neural crest tumors. PMID- 7371034 TI - Comparison of the skin tumor-initiating activities of dihydrodiols and diol epoxides of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. PMID- 7371036 TI - Increased agglutinability of bladder cells by concanavalin A after administration of carcinogens. AB - The agglutination by concanavalin A of isolated epithelial cells of the rat bladder was examined after in vivo treatment of rats with various bladder carcinogens for one week. The carcinogens tested were N-butyl-N-(4 hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine, dibutylnitrosamine, N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2 thiazolyl]formamide, 2-acetylaminofluorene, 2-napthylamine, benzidine, N-methyl-N nitrosourea, and cyclophosphamide, and they were given to male Wistar rats p.o., s.c., intravesically, or i.p. As negative controls, the effects of administration of 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide, dimethylnitrosamine, N-methyl-N' nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, and surgical implantation of glass beads in the bladder were also tested. One week after the start of treatment, epithelial cells were isolated from the bladder by sonication, and agglutination of the isolated cells with concanavalin A was assayed. The observed agglutinabilities of isolated cells were found to be closely correlated with the reported bladder carcinogenicities of these chemicals in rats. Thus, concanavalin A agglutination of bladder cells should be a useful rapid in vivo mammalian system for screening bladder carcinogens. PMID- 7371037 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors and in vitro corticosensitivity in human thymoma. PMID- 7371038 TI - Failure of the antioxidant vitamin E to protect against adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in the rabbit. AB - Recently, vitamin E has been proposed to protect against Adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity. We studied contractile decline and ultramicroscopic alterations of the heart of rabbits chronically treated with Adriamycin up to a cumulative dose of 400 mg/sq m. High doses of vitamin E did not protect against the Adriamycin-induced development of severe contractile decline as evaluated by means of measurement of the interval-force relationship curve. Light and electron microscopic analysis did not show any signs of protection against Adriamycin induced morphological alterations. Biochemical and hematological alterations. Biochemical and hematological alterations caused by the antineoplastic agent were similar in both Adriamycin-treated animal groups. Coadministration of vitamin E did result in an increased life span. This study indicates that vitamin E does not protect against the development of cardiomyopathy and contractile decline after chronic exposure to Adriamycin. PMID- 7371039 TI - Multifractionated hyperthermia treatment of malignant and normal tissue in vivo. PMID- 7371040 TI - Age-dependent cell inactivation by vincristine alone or in combination with 1 propargyl-5-chloropyrimidin-2-one. AB - Inactivating effects caused by vincristine alone or in combination with another mitotic inhibitor, 1-propargyl-5-chloropyrimidin-2-one, were studied as loss of colony-forming ability in exponentially growing or synchronized populations of the human cell line NHIK 3025. Treatment with 4 ng vincristine per ml(4.3 nM) in G2 led to irreversible mitotic arrest. Both mitotic arrest and lethal damage due to vincristine were primarily induced when cells were exposed in late S and G2, suggesting a correlation between the cell cycle-inhibitory and inactivating effect of this drug at clinically relevant concentrations. No repair of sublethal damage after vincristine treatment could be detected within 5 hr. A common feature in the age response of NHIK 3025 cells to the two mitotic inhibitors is drug resistance in G1. However, while mitosis is the most sensitive stage in the cycle with respect to inactivation by 1-propargyl-5-chloropyrimidin-2-one, mitotic cells are relatively resistant to treatment with vincristine. The combined inactivating effect of vincristine and 1-propargyl-5-chloropyrimidin-2 one was purely additive during interphase. In mitosis, the two drugs demonstrated a striking synergistic effect. PMID- 7371041 TI - The anomeric configuration of the immunostimulant N-aceylmuramoyl-dipeptide and some of its derivatives. PMID- 7371043 TI - Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology. PMID- 7371042 TI - The molecular structure of the capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella type 27. AB - The capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella serotype K27 had been investigated by techniques involving methylation analysis, autohydrolysis, and graded hydrolysis with acid. The anomeric configurations of the sugar constituents were determined, where possible, on the basis of p.m.r. spectroscopy and optical rotation data. The results of these studies are consistent with a primary structure in which the repeating-unit is the doubly branched hexasaccharide. PMID- 7371045 TI - Three aortic arch anomalies: a review of the literature and proposal of a new classification. AB - Four patients with three rare aortic arch anomalies, all of which can be classified as variants of Edwards' hypothetical double aortic arch system, were studied. The diagnosis was based on angiographic findings in all cases and, in addition, on operative findings in all cases and, in addition, on operative findings in three and operative and autopsy findings in one case. All normal and anomalous variants of aortic arches may be incorporated into a new classification based upon Edwards' hypothetical double aortic arch system. In the new classification the term double aortic arch with types A, B, C, or D atresia or interruption of the left or the right arch covers all known arch anomalies. The types A, B, C, and D refer to the site of atresia or interruption of the hypothetical double aortic arch model in relationship to the ductus arteriosus and brachiocephalic vessels. PMID- 7371044 TI - Right ventricular cineangiography in Tetralogy of Fallot. AB - Accurate delineation of the anatomy of the cardiac chambers and the pulmonary vessels is a necessary component of the preoperative workup in Fallot's tetralogy. Selective right ventriculograms in shallow right anterior oblique and steep left anterior oblique views were used in the evaluation of 65 cases. Our observations indicate that these views display the anatomy of Fallot's tetralogy to a better advantage than do the conventional anteroposterior and lateral views. PMID- 7371046 TI - Treatment of abdominal angina with percutaneous dilatation of an arteria mesenterica superior stenosis. Preliminary communication. AB - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of an atherosclerotic stenosis of the superior mesenteric artery was done in a 65-year-old woman with abdominal angina. The patient was relieved of abdominal pain immediately after the dilatation. PMID- 7371047 TI - Blalock-Taussig shunt to a pulmonary vein: an unusual surgical complication. AB - Thickening of the wall of pulmonary veins in cyanotic congenital heart disease and the presence of hilar vessel anatomic variants may mislead a surgeon into incorrectly anastomosing the subclavian artery to the pulmonary vein when performing a Blalock-Taussig shunt. Emergency selective angiography is the study of choice for the identification of this operative complication. PMID- 7371048 TI - [Philosophical aspects of ethical problems and questions of medical ethics]. PMID- 7371049 TI - [Experience with mexiletin in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371050 TI - [Ultrafiltrable serum magnesium in renal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371051 TI - [Examination of fibrin degradation products in cirrhosis of liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371052 TI - [Scientific creativeness--an essential factor in the training of scientists (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371053 TI - [The medical student, his development, and methods of research (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371055 TI - [Haemodynamic changes in mitral valve restenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371056 TI - [HLA system and gonadal and extragonadal germinal tumours (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371054 TI - [The reproducibility of the results of anthropometric and limiting spiroergometric examinations in patients with stabile angina pectoris (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371057 TI - [HLA system and haemangiomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371059 TI - Dynamic histology of a rat hepatoma and the response to 5-fluorouracil. AB - The cellular response of the rat hepatoma 3924A to a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-fluorouracil has been measured in respect of the spatial relationship of the cells to the tumour microvasculature. In this tumour the parenchyma is arranged in cords approximately 150 micron thick around central capillaries. For untreated tumours, those cells at distance less than 80 micron from the capillary had a mean [3HTdR labelling index of 39% and a mitotic index of 2.1%, while for those cells more than 80 micron away the values were 14% and 0.8% respectively. Two days after 150 mg/kg of 5-fluorouracil, mean cord thickness was reduced by 25% and did not recover to the control level until 11 days after treatment. This was also true for the mitotic index. Recovery of the labelling index was complete 2 days earlier. Although absolute values of parameters were different in the populations adjacent to and remote from the capillary, the time course of recovery was similar, with a 'growth spur' 7 to 9 days after treatment. The results from this histologically-based assay have been compared with those from biochemical/biophysical assays that sample the overall tumour population. PMID- 7371058 TI - Kinetics of human lymphocyte responses in vitro: determination of clone size and initial rate of entry into DNA synthesis. AB - In this third paper on the kinetics of lymphocyte stimulation we present a simple stochastic model for the entry of mitogen stimulated human lymphocytes into the proliferative cycle. The model is based on the assumption that responder 'recruitment' is a process of simple exponential decay. The model can be applied to the initial rapid rise in thymidine uptake after stimulation and successfully predicts the behavior of colchicine inhibited mitogen responses. Application of the model allows the estimation of the following constants; the size of the responding clone, the rate of entry of committed cells into the initial cell cycle, the duration of the lag period before uptake of thymidine increases above background and the average duration of thymidine uptake in responding lymphocytes (Ts). If we analyze the experimental results of mitogen stimulation experiments in these terms we can show that the first three constants are sensitive functions of both the dose of mitogen and the source of the responding lymphocytes. The most interesting finding may be the fact that low doses of mitogen seem to decrease the rate of entry of committed lymphocytes into cell cycle. This would imply that the rate determining step in this process is not of an all or none type. PMID- 7371060 TI - Proliferation kinetics of the mouse bladder after irradiation. AB - The proliferation response of the mouse bladder was investigated, using continuous labelling with tritiated thymidine, at various times after a single dose of radiation. Bladder epithelial and vascular endothelial cells were studied. The cell turnover rate in unirradiated epithelium and endothelium was found to be extremely slow (in excess of 1 year). Irradiation with a single dose of 25 Gy resulted in compensatory proliferation of the epithelium but the response was not initiated for many months. At 3 months after irradiation there was little difference from the control proliferation rate, but from 6 to 22 months after irradiation (the end of the study) there was a period of sustained rapid proliferation with the cell turnover time reduced to approximately 1 week. The increase in proliferative activity observed at 22 months was found to be dose dependent. Endothelial cells in the blood vessels of the submucosa also showed an increased turnover rate after irradiation and the timing this response was found to be similar to that of the epithelium. The onset of compensatory proliferation in both cell types was found to coincide with marked histological and functional changes in the bladder. In this slowly proliferating tissue, the onset of rapid compensatory proliferation after irradiation is delayed and occurs at the time that functional impairment is observed. This supports the postulate that proliferation is unlikely to contribute much to the sparing effect of prolonged fractionated radiotherapy in slowly dividing tissues. PMID- 7371061 TI - Proliferation studies of the endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the mouse mesentery after irradiation. AB - A continuous labelling technique was employed to study the effects of external beta-radiation on the proliferation of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in the mesenteric arterioles of mice. Labelled and non-labelled cells of either type were determined by autoradiographic techniques in control animals and at different times (3, 12 and 48 weeks) after single doses of 20 and 45 Gy (2000 and 4500 rads). The fraction of cells labelled, even after 7 days of repeated injections was very low in all instances. Calculations showed very long turnover times for the two cell populations in control animals (greater than 2 years for endothelium and greater than 3 years for smooth muscle). After 20 and 45 Gy, no significant increase in endothelial proliferation was seen except at 3 weeks. No significant increase in labelling was observed in smooth muscle at any time after irradiation. These labelling data have been compared with the pattern of cell depletion of the irradiated endothelium. It was concluded that the depletion was much earlier than expected for a slowly proliferating tissue, if all the cells were cycling very slowly. Such an early depletion is, however, consistent with cell death resulting from a small proportion of the cells having a short cell cycle. The recovery of the endothelial cell numbers between 9 and 12 months was not accompanied by a rise in the fraction of labelled cells. Its is suggested that repopulation may occur from outside the treated area. PMID- 7371062 TI - Comparison of DNA renewal in germ-free and conventional mice using [125I]iododeoxyuridine and [3H]thymidine. AB - Germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) C3H mice received a single injection of 1 muCi [3H]thymidine and 3 muCi [125I]iododeoxyuridine to provide simultaneous labeling of DNA with the two precursors. Thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, bone marrow (femora), small intestine, colon and skin were examined for total organ activity and rate of DNA renewal 1-8 days after injection. Precursor incorporation, assayed on day 1, was lower in the thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes and femora (and, to a lesser extent, in the spleen and colon) of GF mice as compared to CV animals. The opposite was observed in the small intestine and skin, i.e. total organ activity was higher in GF animals. Differences in precursor incorporation were partly due to differences in organ weights between the two groups of mice. In comparison to CV animals, DNA renewal rates were diminished in the mesenteric lymph nodes, bone marrow, colon (following a 3-day plateau) and spleen of GF mice. Little, if any, difference was observed between the two groups with respect to the rate of DNA turnover in the thymus and skin. Radioactivity of the small intestine remained constant for 2 days. Thereafter intestinal activity in GF mice declined at an initial slow rate between days 2 and 5 followed by a rapid decrease between days 5 and 8. In CV mice the first phase of activity loss was short with the rapid decline in intestinal activity beginning on day 3. From the slopes of the regression lines, the percentage thymidine reutilization was estimated. Reutilization varied from 0 to 63% in the various organs examined, with the greatest difference between GF and CV mice occurring in the mesenteric lymph nodes. PMID- 7371063 TI - An in vivo double labelling study of the subsequent fate of cells arrested in metaphase by vincristine in the JB-1 mouse ascites tumour. AB - The fate of cells arrested by Vincristine (VCR) in metaphase is of interest because of the wide use of this substance in cancer chemotherapy and, particularly, in relation to its use in so-called 'synchronization' therapy. The present study was designed to answer the question of whether cells blocked in metaphase by VCR subsequently proliferate further or whether they become infertile and die. By means of a double labelling technique with [3H] and [14C]thymidine (TdR) it was shown that all VCR-arrested metaphases in the JB-1 ascites tumour subsequently became necrotic. These cells did not re-enter a viable G2 phase following arrest and thus could not take part in a wave of synchronous proliferation. In agreement with earlier studies, VCR was found to lead to arrest in metaphase, not only of cells in or shortly prior to mitosis at the time of VCR administration, but also of the majority of cells which had at this time been in the S and G2 phase. PMID- 7371064 TI - Existence of an endogenous inhibitor of DNA synthesis in rabbit small intestine specifically effective on cell proliferation in adult mouse intestine. AB - Aqueous extracts from rabbit organs were prepared by homogenization and centrifugation at 105,000 g. After precipitation with ammonium sulphate, the 0-50 fraction was separated by ultrafiltration through Amicon XM 100 and XM 300 membranes yielding two filtrate fractions (U1 and U2) and one retentate fraction (U3). Only U1 and U3 inhibited thymidine incorporation into DNA. After a single injection of U1 from rabbit small intestine, the uptake of tritiated thymidine was decreased in mouse jejunal and colonic DNA. This effect, totally reversible after 7 hr, was found in neither the kidney nor the testis. The U1 fractions of colon and non-digestive organs (kidney, testis) were found not to exert a significant inhibition on thymidine incorporation into intestinal DNA in vivo. The U3 fraction from rabbit small intestine also decreased the uptake of tritiated thymidine in mouse jejunal and colonic DNA in vivo. However, this inhibition was irreversible and not tissue-specific. Slowing of cell migration was also noticed in the jejunum of mice injected with U1 or U3, as ascertained radioautographically by determining the position of the leading edge of the labelled cells in U1- or U3-injected mice compared with controls. A decrease of mitotic activity in U1- and U3-injected mice was recorded 8.5 hr after a single injection of small intestinal fractions. Our results suggest that U1 and U3 from rabbit small intestine contain one or more substances which may act on the G1-S transition of the cell cycle in the mouse intestine. However, only the effect of U1 is reversible and tissue specific. Our data suggest the existence of a factor, having a low molecular weight, which regulates intestinal cell proliferation. PMID- 7371065 TI - Arrested growth of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell colonies on agar. AB - Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells plated on agar form two classes of colonies; those which increase continuously in diameter and those which become arrested in outward growth. All colonies continue to increase in mass and thickness as demonstrated by computer-assisted analysis of time sequence photographs of several thousand colonies and by examination of histological sections. Colonies which shift from a monolayer to a mounded morphology at fairly large colony diameter (greater than or approximately 1 mm) continue to increase in diameter. Colonies in which mounding occurs at smaller colony diameter (less than or approximately 1 mm) cease to increase in diameter but continue to increase in thickness, as demonstrated by histological examination and by computer-assisted analysis. Rapid cell division occurs at the edge of all colony classes, as shown by the distribution of mitotic figures. In arrested colonies these dividing cells must move toward the colony core to compensate for dying cells. Necrotic cells are found as a discrete zone at the air-colony interface in all cases for CHO cell colonies growing on agar. As such, necrosis is probably due to limitations in nutrient diffusion upward from the agar rather than oxygen diffusion downward. PMID- 7371066 TI - In vitro proliferation of mouse lymphoblastoid cell lines: growth modulation by various populations of adherent cells. PMID- 7371068 TI - The effect of partial body irradiation on haemopoietic stem cell migration. AB - Data obtained after various types of partial body irradiation support the concept of a small rapidly exchangeable pool of CFUs which seems to be exhausted rapidly after irradiation. The depletion of this pool is the most plausible explanation for the decrease in stem cell migration observed 3 hr after exposure in C3H mice. After partial body irradiation the size of the rapidly mobilizable pool is reduced in proportion to the areas of bone marrow irradiated. When only one marrow area is shielded, the recovery of this pool does not occur during the first 24 hr after exposure. PMID- 7371067 TI - Cell proliferation in EMT6 tumours treated with single doses of X-rays or hydroxyurea. II. Computer simulations. AB - A computer simulation technique was used to analyse data on the proliferation of clonogenic cells in EMT6 tumours treated with 5 mg/mouse of hydroxyurea (HU) or 3.0 Gy (300 rads) X-rays. This simulation technique is able to determine the respective roles of selective killing, blocks in cell progression and recruitment of the treated population. When the technique was applied to tumours treated with HU, it was possible to prove that both a G1/S block and recruitment occurred. These phenomena could not have been demonstrated quantitatively, or even qualitatively, without the use of the simulation. After irradiation, blocks in cell progression and differences in the proliferative patterns of the surviving clonogenic cells and the total tumour cell population were found. PMID- 7371070 TI - Case reports on two arterio venous fistulae due to trauma. PMID- 7371069 TI - Breath analysis for control of drunk driving in Zimbabwe Rhodesia. PMID- 7371071 TI - Medical records in mission, district and rural hospitals. A suggested system of record keeping. PMID- 7371074 TI - The future of the general practitioner. PMID- 7371072 TI - California house dust IgE antibodies in the sera of some allergic Nigerian patients. PMID- 7371073 TI - Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. PMID- 7371076 TI - The response of pseudomembranous colitis to vancomycin. PMID- 7371075 TI - Transmission of anthrax. PMID- 7371078 TI - Precocious recovery from allotype suppression in transiently chimeric rabbits. PMID- 7371079 TI - Selective localization of lymphoblasts prepared from guinea pig intestinal lamina propria. PMID- 7371077 TI - Antibody production and unresponsiveness produced by DNP-Ficoll. PMID- 7371080 TI - The induction of tolerance to DNFB contact sensitivity using hapten modified lymphoid cells. I. Cellular requirements for rapid induction of tolerance. PMID- 7371081 TI - Antigen competition: evolutionary and functional considerations in amphibia. PMID- 7371082 TI - Restricted rosette formation with an EAC reagent prepared with serum of C3H/HeJ mice. PMID- 7371084 TI - [Allergy and tympanoplasty]. PMID- 7371085 TI - [Genetically based disorders of the inner ear]. PMID- 7371083 TI - [The mechanism of the spread of post-traumatic necrosis in the organ of Corti]. PMID- 7371086 TI - [Clinical use of objective audiometry]. PMID- 7371087 TI - [Industrial audiometry]. PMID- 7371088 TI - [Hearing loss in truck drivers]. PMID- 7371089 TI - [Tuberculosis of the nose and paranasal sinuses]. PMID- 7371091 TI - [Spontaneous communication of the frontal sinus and peroperative perforation and resection of the interfrontal septum]. PMID- 7371090 TI - [Congenital choanal atresia in children and its therapy]. PMID- 7371092 TI - [Adaptation and use of old tubes from the Leiter esophagoscope for connection with the cold light instrument imported from East Germany]. PMID- 7371093 TI - [External treatment of skin diseases]. PMID- 7371094 TI - [Enzyme activity and the character of metabolic changes in brain tissue in children with phenylketonuria and histidinemia]. PMID- 7371097 TI - [The significance of amino acid concentration in amniotic fluid]. PMID- 7371096 TI - [Development of domestic products for the treatment of hereditary disorders of amino acid metabolism]. PMID- 7371098 TI - [Pentosuria in a non-thriving child]. PMID- 7371095 TI - [Use of protein supplements in diet therapy of phenylketonuria and other hereditary amino acid metabolism disorders]. PMID- 7371099 TI - [Pre-pregnancy prevention of inborn developmental defects]. PMID- 7371101 TI - [The effect of work load on hemodynamics in juvenile hypertension]. PMID- 7371102 TI - [Childhood hemangiomas as a constant problem. Some new findings and aspects of hemangioma and an approach to the problems of "to treat or not to treat"]. PMID- 7371103 TI - [HBs antigens and antibodies in childhood hemophiliacs]. PMID- 7371100 TI - [Hypoxia, oxidative metabolism and homeostasis in newborn mammals]. PMID- 7371104 TI - [Treatment and prognosis of febrile convulsions]. PMID- 7371106 TI - [The use of tetracycline antibiotics in childhood in Prague districts]. PMID- 7371107 TI - [Social medicine in a changing world of ideas and needs]. PMID- 7371105 TI - [Long-term follow-up study of severely premature children from the viewpoint of child psychiatry]. PMID- 7371108 TI - [The effect of stress factors in patients with malignant tumors]. PMID- 7371110 TI - [Health status as a function of variables of the external and internal environment and their experimental assessment and analysis]. PMID- 7371109 TI - [Treatment refusal]. PMID- 7371111 TI - [Psychological approaches to the solving of socio-medical problems]. PMID- 7371112 TI - [Factors influencing hospital expenditures and causes of differences between various regions in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7371113 TI - [Social aspects in undergraduate education]. PMID- 7371114 TI - [The role of scientific and technical information in the process of studying the organization and administration of health care]. PMID- 7371115 TI - [Psychosocial aspects of rehabilitation of the locomotor apparatus]. PMID- 7371116 TI - Effect of fatty acids on physical properties of microsomes from isolated perfused rat liver. AB - A computer-centered spectrofluorimeter was used to examine the physicochemical properties of hepatic microsomes and microsomal lipids obtained from isolated rat livers perfused with medium containing palmitate or oleate. The fatty acid composition and degree of unsaturation of the liver microsomal lipids reflected that the fatty acid present in the perfusate. The absorption corrected fluorescence, relative fluorescence efficiency, polarization, and fluorescence anisotropy of several fluorescent probe molecules were measured to determine if their different microenvironments may be altered by the type of fatty acid infused. The probe molecules beta--parinaric acid and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5 hexatriene had higher values for each of these parameters when incorporated into microsomes obtained from livers perfused with a medium containing palmitate than with oleate. The same parameters measured for cholesta-5,7,9(11)-trien-3 beta-ol and N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine were not altered. These differences appeared to be primarily due to alterations in microviscosity of the probe microenvironments since the rotational correlation time of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene was 25% lower in the microsomes from livers perfused with oleate as compared to livers perfused with palmitate. Thermal discontinuities in Arrhenius plots were noted in the intact microsomes but not in the isolated microsomal lipids with the fluorescence probe molecule beta-parinaric acid. Break points occurred at 10 degrees C and 26 degrees C for microsomes from livers perfused with palmitate and at 12 degrees C and 17 degrees C for microsomes from livers perfused with oleate containing medium. These results suggest that the physicochemical properties of liver microsomes were determined in part by the fatty acid in the perfusate. PMID- 7371118 TI - Concerning the structure of 7 alpha,15 beta-dichloro-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol, a novel inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis. AB - Treatment of 3 beta-p-bromobenzoyloxy-14 alpha,15 alpha-epoxy-5 alpha-cholest-7 ene with gaseous HCl in chloroform at -25 degrees C gave 3 beta-p-bromobenzoyloxy 7 alpha,15 beta-dichloro-5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene in 93% yield. The structure of the latter compound was unequivocally established by the results of X-ray crystallographic analysis. PMID- 7371119 TI - Postextrasystolic potentiation of regional mechanical performance during prolonged myocardial ischemia in the dog. PMID- 7371122 TI - The effect of transient ischemia with reperfusion on thallium clearance from the myocardium. PMID- 7371120 TI - Disruption in the temporal sequence of regional ventricular contraction. I. Characteristics and incidence in coronary artery disease. AB - While spatial asynergy at end-systole has been well characterized in patients with coronary artery disease, assessment of regional asynchrony has been hampered by technical constraints. We developed a computer-assisted method for analyzing regional asynchrony from the equilibrium (ECG-gated) radionuclide ventriculogram. Twenty patients with normal contrast left ventriculograms (nine with a normal coronary arteriogram [group 1] and 11 with coronary artery disease [group 2]) and 20 patients with asynergy during contrast ventriculography (group 3) were studied. The earliest evidence of regional asynchrony occurred in early systole. Regional ejection fraction at one-third systole was 0.32 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- SEM) in group 1, 0.22 +/- 0.01 in group 2 (p less than 0.001) and 0.12 +/- 0.01 in asynergic regions in group 3 patients (p less than 0.001). In group 3, severe forms of regional asynchrony appeared in both early systole and early diastole: five patients (25%) had early systolic paradox, 13 (65%) had regional prolongation of peak ejection fraction and 16 (80%) had reduced percent peak ejection fraction at global end-systole. It appears, therefore, that there is progressively increasing regional asynchrony in patients with increasing severity of coronary artery disease. PMID- 7371121 TI - Comparison of early systolic and holosystolic ejection phase indexes by contrast ventriculography in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7371117 TI - Laser-light scattering investigation of the micellar properties of gangliosides. AB - The micellar properties of gangliosides in water solutions were investigated by quasielastic light scattering measurements. GM1 and GD1a gangliosides were isolated from calf brain, purified to more than 99% and dissolved in 0.025 M Tris -HCl buffer (pH 6.8) at 37 degrees C. The average intensity of scattered light and the intensity correlation function were measured by an apparatus including a 5145 A argon laser and a real-time digital correlator. The scattered intensity data allowed the derivation of an upper limit to the critical micelle concentration (c0) and the evaluation of the molecular weight (M) of the micelle. The intensity correlation function gave the diffusion coefficient D, and hence the hydrodynamic radius RH, and also contained information on the polydispersity of the sample. We find co less than 1 x 10(-6) M for both GM1 and GD1a, M = 532000 +/- 50000 and RH = 63.9 +/- 2 A for GM1, and M = 417000 +/- 40000 and RH = 59.5 +/- 2 A for GD1a. The mixture 3:1 of the two gangliosides gave intermediate values for all examined parameters. The presence of cations, within the physiological concentration range, and, in particular of Ca2+, did not influence significantly the values of co and the main features of the micelle. PMID- 7371123 TI - Cross-sectional echocardiographic analysis of the extent of left ventricular asynergy in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7371124 TI - Cross-sectional echocardiography. II. Analysis of mathematic models for quantifying volume of the formalin-fixed left ventricle. AB - Cross-sectional echocardiography was used to quantify volume in 21 canine left ventricles that were fixed in formalin and immersed in mineral oil. Area, length and diameter measurements were obtained from short- and long-axis cross-sectional images of the left ventricle and volume was calculated by seven mathematic models. Calculated volume was then compared, by linear regression and percent error analyses, with fluid volume of the left ventricle, obtained by filling the chamber with a known amount of fluid. Volumes ranged from 13-146 ml. Mathematic models using short-axis area and long-axis length gave higher correlation coefficients (r = 0.982 and r = 0.969) and lower mean errors (10-20%) than standard formulas previously used for M-mode echo and angiography. Thus, short axis area analysis with cross-sectional echocardiography is well-suited for quantifying left ventricular volumes in dogs. PMID- 7371125 TI - Evaluation of pulmonary hypertension by M-mode echocardiography in children with ventricular septal defect. PMID- 7371126 TI - Straddling right atrioventricular valves in atrioventricular discordance. AB - Four hearts are described in which the right atrioventricular valve, draining a morphologically right atrium, straddled and overrode a septum between a right sided chamber of left ventricular morphology and a left-sided chamber of right ventricular morphology. The degree of override varied between the straddling valve and was committed by 20-45% to the morphologically right ventricle. The ventriculoarterial connections in the hearts were discordant in one, double outlet from the morphologically right ventricle in two and single outlet via an aorta from the morphologically right ventricle with pulmonary atresia in the other. The straddling valve in one of the cases with double outlet had a dual orifice. Pulmonary stenosis was present in three cases, and pulmonary atresia in the fourth. Study of the conduction system in three of the hearts revealed subtle but important differences from the pattern expected in atrioventricular discordance. Each case had an anterior atrioventricular node and penetrating bundle, but the connection thus formed was more lateral than usual, and in the case with ventriculoarterial discordance, the nonbranching bundle was unrelated to the pulmonary outflow tract. A sling of conduction tissue between the anterior node and the regular node was found in the case with single outlet and pulmonary atresia. PMID- 7371127 TI - Left ventricular function after repair of tetralogy of fallot and its relationship to age at surgery. AB - Left ventricular (LV) work-function curves were used to assess LV performance in eight postoperative tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients who underwent repair before 2 years of age (group 1) and 12 patients who underwent repair after 2 years of age (group 2). All patients were without significant residual shunts or pulmonary stenosis. Results were compared with those in seven control patients. Left- and right-heart hemodynamics were measured at various levels of afterload induced by methoxamine while heart rate was maintained constant. Cardiac output was serially measured. The slope (m) for each patient's LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP) vs LV minute-work index (MWI) relationship was determined. There were no significant differences in resting cardiac index, LV systolic pressure, LVEDP, aortic oxygen saturation or MWI among the groups. However, with afterload stress, group 2 patients had abnormal work-function curves with depressed slopes (m = 0.21 +/- 0.04) compared with the values for group 1 patients (m = 0.89 +/- 0.13, p less than 0.001) or the control group (m = 1.13 +/- 0.12, p less than 0.001). Thus, LV dysfunction unmasked by an afterload stress was present in the older TOF patients but not in the patients repaired during infancy. These findings raise the possibility that early, definitive repair of TOF may help preserve postoperative LV function. PMID- 7371128 TI - Thromboxane release during pacing-induced angina pectoris: possible vasoconstrictor influence on the coronary vasculature. PMID- 7371129 TI - Ventricular premature complexes in prognosis of angina. AB - We studied the prognostic role of ventricular premature complexes occurring during 1 hour of electrocardiographic monitoring of 416 men with effort angina who had never had myocardial infarction, and compared mortality over 5 years with that of 1739 men with infarction before first observation. Multivariate analyses of survival identified the presence of ventricular premature complexes in 1 hour of monitoring, the presence of ST-segment depression on the standard ECG, and age as the variables making the most important independent contributions to risk of death (all causes and sudden coronary deaths) among the men with angina. The relatively lower age-adjusted 5-year mortality among men with angina compared with those who had a prior myocardial infarction reflects the lower prevalence in the former group of indicators of myocardial dysfunction, such as ventricular ectopic activity and ST-segment depression. PMID- 7371130 TI - Perspectives on systolic hypertension. The Framingham study. AB - Diastolic hypertension has been widely and justifiably accepted as a cause of cardiovascular mortality. However, it has also been accepted that the cardiovascular sequelae of hypertension derive chiefly from the diastolic component. Because systolic and diastolic pressure are usually highly correlated it is not easy to dissociate the effects of each. Statistical analysis suggests that systolic pressure is actually the more potent contributor to cardiovascular sequelae. Even isolated systolic pressure elevation is associated witn an excess cardiovascular mortality. At low diastolic pressures (i.e., less than 95 mm Hg), risk rises with the level of systolic pressure. Also, isolated systolic hypertension is most ominous in the elderly, in whom it is highly prevalent. Isolated systolic hypertension was related to the occurrence of "direct" complications as well as to atherosclerotic sequelae. It was also associated with excess mortality, taking into account rigid vessels as judged from pulse-wave recordings. Trials to determine whether the treatment of isolated systolic hypertension is efficacious for avoiding its demonstrated excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are urgently needed. PMID- 7371132 TI - The relationship between cerebrospinal fluid creatine kinase and morphologic changes in the brain after transient cardiac arrest. PMID- 7371131 TI - Labile hypertension: a faulty concept? The Framingham study. AB - Labile blood pressure elevation is believed to have less clinical significance than "fixed hypertension." This assertion was examined in the Framingham cohort of 5209 men and women followed for 20 years for the development of cardiovascular events in relation to three routinely measured blood pressures at each of 10 biennial examinations. Variability of pressure judged from the standard deviation about the mean of three pressures was not a consistent characteristic of subjects from one examination to the next (r = 0.07). Higher pressures were more labile than low ones, so that "fixed hypertensives" actually had more labile pressures than did so-called labile hypertensives. Lability, also increased with age. Labile hypertension, determined during a 1-hour period of observation, adds nothing to the ability of the mean blood pressure to predict cardiovascular disease. The mean, minimum and maximum of three pressures measured during an examination were equally efficient predictors of cardiovascular disease. In multivariate analysis, for any given average pressure, risk of cardiovascular events was unaffected by the degree of variability of the pressure. It is recommended that the average of a series of pressures be used to determine risk, preferably over more than one examination. PMID- 7371133 TI - Metabolic studies in mitral valve prolapse syndrome. A neuroendocrine- cardiovascular process. AB - Symptomatic patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) frequently mimic thyrotoxicosis, hyperadrenergic states or hypoglycemia. Twenty symptomatic patients with auscultatory and echocardiographic MVP were studied in the clinical research unit. T3, T4 and plasma cortisol were normal. Patients with MVP had normal responses to oral glucose administration but higher glucose levels than the controls (p less than 0.05). Twenty-four-hour urinary epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) were greater than normal (E + NE excretion, 44 +/- 2 vs 29.5 microgram/g creatinine, p less than 0.001). The short electromechanical systole corrected for heart rate (529 +/- 3.9 vs normal 548 +/- 2 msec, p less than 0.01) also reflected high adrenergic tone. Frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) with couplets and triplets were found in 14 patients. Catecholamine excretion and frequency of PVCs were parallel and both decreased significantly at night (p less than 0.001). Plasma catecholamine increase with exercise was greater in patients in whom the number of PVCs increased more than 10 per minute compared with patients in whom the number of PVCs remained relatively unchanged (620 +/- 80 vs 98 +/- 20 msec, p less than 0.01). We conclude that symptomatic patients with MVP have high adrenergic tone that may be responsible for or contribute to the multiple symptoms. PMID- 7371136 TI - Thoughts of a computerphobe. PMID- 7371135 TI - Test of a model of antiarrhythmic drug action. Effects of quinidine and lidocaine on myocardial conduction. AB - The effects of quinidine and lidocaine on the maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax) of the ventricular myocardial action potential were compared with the effects predicted by a model over a wide range of driving rates, rhythm disturbances and holding potentials. These rate-, rhythm- and voltage-dependent effects were accurately predicted by the proposed model. The model was also able to predict several previously undocumented properties of the drugs: 1) If lidocaine decreases Vmax of a pulse train, the steady state is reached within a few action potentials. 2) The poststimulation recovery of Vmax in the presence of lidocaine or quinidine can occur in a multiexponential fashion, if the membrane potential is kept at the potential where both the fast (operating mainly at more negative membrane potentials) and the slow (operating at more positive potentials) recovery processes are operative. 3) Hyperpolarization markedly attenuates the rate-dependent drug effects. 4) Combinations of lidocaine and quinidine have a superadditive effect on the Vmax of early extrasystoles. PMID- 7371137 TI - Epicardial and endocardial activation during sustained ventricular tachycardia in man. AB - Ventricular activation during ventricular tachycardia was studied by intraoperative epicardial and endocardial mapping in 21 patients with coronary artery disease and previous myocardial infarction who underwent operation for recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Twenty-nine morphologically distinct tachycardias were mapped; 18 tachycardias had a right bundle branch block morphology and 11 had a left bundle branch block morphology. After cannulation for bypass, the tachycardias were induced and electrograms were recorded at 55-75 epicardial sites. After starting cardiopulmonary bypass, the infarction was incised and electrograms were recorded at 28-55 left ventricular endocardial sites during ventricular tachycardia. All mapping data were analyzed with three simultaneously recorded ECG lead and two reference electrograms. Earliest activation in all tachycardias occured on the endocardial surface of the infarction. In each tachycardia, endocardial electrical activity was recorded before the onset of the QRS complex. Earliest epicardial activation in the 29 tachycardias occurred 10 msec after the onset of QRS complex. Epicardial breakthrough occurred on the right (19 tachycardias) as well as the left ventricle (10 tachycardias). We conclude that ventricular tachycardia associated with ischemic heart disease originates near the endocardial surface of the left ventricle along the border of the infarction and that epicardial mapping alone is insufficient to identify the site of origin of these tachycardias. PMID- 7371134 TI - Beneficial effects of afterload reduction therapy in patients with congestive heart failure and moderate aortic stenosis. PMID- 7371138 TI - Site of conduction delay during functional block in the His-Purkinje system in man. PMID- 7371139 TI - Anatomic substrate of impaired antegrade conduction over an accessory atrioventricular pathway in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - We present a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome who died of a myocardial infarction 19 months after clinical electrophysiologic studies. These studies suggested the presence of a left atrioventricular accessory pathway that sustained conduction well in the retrograde direction but only intermittently in the antegrade direction. Postmortem examination of the heart revealed three accessory atrioventricular pathways in proximity to each other in the posterolateral atrioventricular region. One pathway showed complete fibrosis and two showed patchy fibrosis. The fibrosis suggests an anatomic basis for the impaired antegrade conduction observed in life. PMID- 7371140 TI - Corrected transposition with severe intracardiac deformities with Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome in a child. Electrophysiologic investigation and surgical correction. AB - This is a report of a 10-year-old child who underwent surgery for complex congenital heart disease consisting of corrected transposition of the great vessels, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arterisus, severe left-sided atrioventricular (AV) valve insuffieicney (Ebstein's deformity) and Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. The site of his accessory AV connection was localized preoperatively at a left anterolateral site by isopotential body surface maps and by intracardiac electrophysiologic studies. He successfully underwent surgery for closure of the ventricular septal defect, ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus, replacement of the left-sided AV valve, and interruption of the accessory AV pathway. Unavoidable complete AV block acquired at surgery required subsequent permanent pacemaker therapy. PMID- 7371141 TI - Aortic stenosis and heart failure. PMID- 7371142 TI - 2-D echo to diagnose LA thrombi. PMID- 7371143 TI - Cardiomyopathy in infants of diabetic mothers. PMID- 7371144 TI - Ventricular defibrillation. PMID- 7371145 TI - Fluorometric quantitation of glutamine in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - We describe a rapid, relatively simple-procedure for fluorometry of glutamine in cerebrospinal fluid. Glutamine is de-aminated with diluted sulfuric acid at 100 degrees C. The ammonia liberated is then reacted with a buffered o-phthalaldehyde -mercaptoethanol solution, pH 7.4, to form a fluorochrome. Fluorescence is linearly related to the concentration of glutamine from 0.10 to 0.60 g/L (0.68 to 4.10 mmol/l). To prevent interference by endogenous ammonia, each specimen was corrected for its own background fluorescence. The mean analytical recovery was 99.8%. Within-day variation (CV) for pooled, enriched cerebrospinal fluid controls at 0.33 g/L (2.22 mmol/L) and 0.53 g/L (3.63 mmol/L) were 2.2 and 5.1%. Day-to-day variation (CV) for the same controls was 4.4 and 4.8%, respectively. Data obtained by our method correlate excellently (r = 0.980) with those by an established procedure based on the Berthelot (phenol--hypochlorite) reaction. PMID- 7371146 TI - Liquid-chromatographic detection of thiazide diuretics in urine. AB - We describe a liquid-chromatographic procedure for detection in urine of all thiazide drugs currently used clinically. Urine is treated initially with NaBH4 to convert any chlorothiazide present to hydrochlorothiazide. The urine is acidified with NaH2PO4 (1.0 mol/L, pH 5), and thiazides are extracted with ethyl acetate. Interfering substances are then removed in two washes with 0.1 mol/L Na2HPO4 at pH 8. The ethyl acetate is evaporated and the residue redissolved in mobile phase. Thiazides are assayed by reversed-phase chromatography, with detection by ultraviolet absorption. Analytical recovery of thiazides ranged from 53 to 93%. Urines from 48 patients were so studied, and the results were compared with results by the currently used spectrophotometric method. The two methods agreed for 56% of samples. Evaluation of the discrepancies by review of patients' histories clearly showed liquid chromatography to have correctly identified seven of eight positive urines that the spectrophotometric method failed to detect. Ultraviolet scanning incorrectly identified as positive two samples, whereas liquid chromatography did not falsely identify any urines as positive. Our method was more sensitive and more specific than the spectrophotometric method. PMID- 7371148 TI - Liquid-chromatographic separation and on-line bioluminescence detection of creatine kinase isoenzymes. AB - We separated isoenzymes of creatine kinase by anion-exchange chromatography, with use of an elution of gradient containing lithium acetate (0.1 to 0.6 mol/L). A stream splitter was used to divert a 5% side stream of column effluent, which was subsequently mixed with the reagents necessary for bioluminescence assay of the separated isoenzymes. The use of the stream splitter greatly decreased the rate of consumption of reagent and, when combined with a peristaltic pumping system, permitted independent control of the side-stream flow rate. Thus both the residence interval in a delay coil in which the ATP reaction product is formed and the bioluminescence response could be increased. Bioluminescence emission was monitored in a flow-through fluorometer without use of an external light source or filters. Separation and detection of the isoenzymes of creative kinase were rapid, sensitive, and highly selective. The incremental decrease of bioluminescence response owing to inhibition by the ions in the eluent was less than 31% across the entire gradient. PMID- 7371147 TI - Interferences appearing in fluorometrically measured liquid-chromatographic profiles of creatine kinase isoenzymes in serum. AB - We observed nonenzymic peaks when serum isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27; LD) and creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2.; CK) were separated by "high performance" liquid chromatography and detected by continuously monitoring the column effluent for enzyme activity. Such background peaks were particularly apparent in CK isoenzyme profiles obtained from human sera. We observed two nonenzymic peaks with fluorescence detection, one in the CK-MB region, the other in the CK-BB region. Serum albumin was a major component in the artifactual CK-MB peak, with lipoprotein as a minor component. We present evidence that the material responsible for the other peak fluoresced quite strongly and is mostly pre-albumin. PMID- 7371149 TI - Graphical determination of specific activity, binding constants, and antibody site concentrations for radioimmunoassays, with application to thymopoietin. AB - A graphical procedure for determining the specific activity of radiolabeled ligands has been developed for use with radioimmunoassays. Although with this procedure we utilize the same experimental information required for displacement analysis, we are also able to determine both the specific activity and the binding constants of the labeled and unlabeled materials without assuming that these constants are equal; the concentration of antibody-binding sites can also be calculated. Thus, this graphical technique permits calculation of additional information without additional experimentation. We applied this procedure to the labeled materials used in a thymopoietin assay, testing two different preparations of radiolabeled material, and saw negligible differences between the two. The specific activity determined from the displacement analysis correlated well with that calculated by the graphical procedure. PMID- 7371150 TI - High-purity 4-nitrophenol: purification, characterization, and specifications for use as a spectrophotometric reference material. AB - We describe specifications for high-purity 4-nitrophenol, which is suitable for spectrophotometric standardization. Such a reference material is needed in clinical enzymology to establish the proper molar absorptivity of 4-nitrophenol under final reaction conditions, particularly for measuring alkaline phosphatase activity in human serum. Some lots of 4-nitrophenol available commercially met these specifications, but several did not. The latter can be purified to meet our specifications by recrystallization or sublimation. The molar absorptivity of 4 nitrophenol (35 mumol/L) IN 10 mmol/L NaOH at 25 degrees C at 401 nm is 18380 +/- 90 L.mol-1.cm-1. PMID- 7371151 TI - Bilirubin binding capacity of albumin isolated from cord-blood serum is less than that from serum of adults. AB - As estimated by Sephadex gel filtration, the bilirubin binding capacity of albumin isolated from cord-blood serum by ion-exchange chromatography is less than that of albumin isolated from serum of adults. Albumin isolated from cord blood serum showed increased bilirubin binding as compared with the albumin in the native serum. These findings suggest that the lower bilirubin binding capacity of serum from newborns as compared with serum from adults is a result of both an intrinsic deficiency in binding capacity of neonatal albumin and the presence of substances in neonatal serum that interfere with bilirubin binding. PMID- 7371153 TI - The contribution of assays for lymphocyte capping and creatine kinase to detection of the Becker-type dystrophy trait. AB - Members of three unrelated families with the mild Becker type of muscular dystrophy were subjected to lymphocyte capping tests and measurements of serum creatine kinase activity. Both tests correctly identified all nine affected males, but only the capping test was abnormal in seven of eight obligate carriers. The number of capped cells in carriers and affected persons with the Becker-type dystrophy was generally intermediate between those observed for individuals with the Duchenne trait and normal controls, thus potentially aiding in the differential diagnosis between the two myopathies. The lack of sensitivity of measurements of serum creatine kinase activity in identifying carriers is further complicated by the difficulty of establishing reliable reference intervals for this enzyme in 204 healthy controls. Detailed directions for the performance of the capping test are presented. PMID- 7371152 TI - Measuring thyroxine and thyrotropin simultaneously in a dried blood sample on filter paper, to screen for neonatal hypothyroidism. AB - We have developed a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay of thyroxine and thyrotropin for mass screening for neonatal hypothyroidism. This assay involves a single disc (3 mm diameter) of dried blood on filter paper. The minimum detectable concentrations are 15 pg/tube (10 microgram/L) for thyroxine and 15 nano-int. units/tube (10 milli-int. units/L) for thyrotropin; intra- and interassay CV's are less than 15% in both assays. The high sensitivity of this method is due to use of labeled thyroxine with high specific activity (3 kCi/g) and of an anti-thyrotropin serum with high affinity (Keq = 7.8 x 10(11) L/mol). With this method, 11337 newborns were screened; a follow-up study revealed that only newborns with both high thyrotropin and low thyroxine concentrations had permanent hypothyroidism. We conclude that this method is sensitive, simple, and reliable and that the recall rate with this method is much lower than that of tests for measuring thyroxine or thyrotropin alone. PMID- 7371154 TI - Isoenzymes of creatine kinase in extracts of various parts and regions of the human central nervous system. AB - The distribution of isoenzymes of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2.) was investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis of extracts of selected parts and regions of the human central nervous system. Besides the major brain isoenzyme BB, we demonstrated the presence of three other creatine kinase isoenzyme forms. The distribution of creatine kinase isoenzymes depending strongly on the region from which the biopsy was taken. We found substantial amounts of the MB isoenzyme in extracts of the dura from the cauda equina of the two adults examined. PMID- 7371155 TI - Simplified approach to confidence limited in radioimmunassay. AB - A simple method of calculating confidence limits for radioimmunoassay data is presented. The method involves the use of the within-assay variation in dose estimate of three routine quality-control specimens, measured in repeated assays, to estimate the confidence limits for results on unknown samples. Results for control specimens are combined by calculating the unique quadratic curve fitting a graph of within-assay standard deviation vs mean value for each control. This method requires no special data accumulation or advanced computing equipment. For cortisol, lutropin, and thyroxine radioimmunoassays, confidence limits calculated in this way have been compared with those calculated from the variance of the response variable "B/B0" in repeated standard curves. Both methods agree well with actual limits observed when plasma pools containing a wide range of hormone concentrations are assayed repeatedly. PMID- 7371156 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen assayed by column chromatography on polyacrylamide gel. AB - I evaluated a commercially available polyacrylamide column (Clinetics Corp.) for use in assaying for carcinoembryonic antigen. The procedure eliminates the need for dialysis and 50 samples, assayed in duplicate, may be completed in 5 h. In general, results by this technique are 1.0 microgram/L (range 0.5-2.0) lower than by the conventional dialysis method (r = 0.9876). Sensitivity approximates 0.5 microgram/L. Within-day precision for two pools of patients' plasma (n = 10) was mean = 2.29 (SEM 0.05) microgram/L with CV = 6.55% and mean = 10.61 (SEM 0.10) microgram/L with CV = 2.92%, respectively; between-day precision (n = 6) was mean = 3.90 (SEM 0.16) microgram/L with CV = 10.0% and mean = 10.1 (SEM 0.37) microgram/L, CV = 8.91%, respectively. The precentage analytical recovery of added carcinoembryonic antigen was about 80% at concentrations of approximately 8 and 12 microgram/L, 73% at 18 microgram/L. PMID- 7371159 TI - Interference by the 4-hydroxylated metabolite of propranolol with determination of metanephrines by the Pisano method. AB - Measurements of urinary metanephrines by the Pisano procedure (Clin. Chim. Acta 5: 406, 1960) are unreliable in patients who are taking propranolol owing to the presence of 4-hydroxypropranolol in the urine. Three properties of this propranolol metabolite lead to interference: (a) it is absorbed and eluted from ion-exchange resins under the conditions Pisano used for metanephrine isolation, (b) at high pH it absorbs at 350 to 360 nm, and (c) it is oxidized by periodate to a substance with negligible absorption in this region. Because 350 to 360 nm is the wavelength used to quantitate vanillin, the product formed from periodate oxidation of metanephrines, and because the unoxidized eluate is used as a specimen blank, the presence of 4-hydroxypropranolol spuriously decreases the measured urinary metanephrines; this has special significance because patients being tested for increased metanephrines are also likely to be receiving propranolol for hypertension. PMID- 7371157 TI - Problems in radioimmunoassay of human lutropin with commercially available reagents. AB - To evaluate five commercially available reagent sets supplied for the radioimmunoassay of lutropin, we determined whether there was parallelism between the curve given by dilutions of the standards supplied by the manufacturers, by dilutions of a serum pool, and by dilutions of a standard preparation from human pituitaries, LER-907. These studies demonstrated significant analytical problems with three of the five sets. We conclude that each user should carefully evaluate all commercially available radioimmunoassays for lutropin (and, by inference, for other peptide hormones) before use. PMID- 7371158 TI - The coefficient of analysis, a new figure of merit for laboratory performance. AB - A simple statistic has been developed to determine a figure of merit for overall laboratory performance. This simple statistic, the coefficient of analysis, relates for the first time both the imprecision and the inaccuracy of a laboratory analysis to a single value that clinical chemists will easily understand. In the derivation of the coefficient of analysis, we also define two secondary statistics: the coefficient of bias, which is mathematically similar to the CV and represents the inaccuracy of an analysis, and the coefficient of accuracy, which is mathematically represented as 100 minus the coefficient of bias and is a measure of the accuracy of the analysis. PMID- 7371161 TI - Interference by triamterene with assay for metanephrine. PMID- 7371160 TI - Decreasing sample volume used in the "Sequential Multichannel Analyzer Computerized" (SMAC). AB - We describe modifications to two cartridges, those for alkaline phosphatase and creatinine, on an 18-channel SMAC (Sequential Multichannel Analyzer Computerized), which allow all 18 tests to be run with a commonly prediluted sample. This decreases the required sample size and eliminates the problem of fibrin clots in the stream-splitter on the main sample line. The modifications can be made rapidly and require few new components. Accuracy, precision, linearity, and carryover are acceptable after these modifications, as judged by comparison with premodification data. Some financial savings ensue from the decreased consumption of reagents and the fewer repeat analyses necessitated by clotting problems. PMID- 7371163 TI - Calmagite method for determination of serum magnesium modified. PMID- 7371164 TI - Week-day variation in clinical chemical analyses. PMID- 7371162 TI - Evaluation of immunonephelometry of C-reactive protein in serum. PMID- 7371165 TI - Diphenhydramine interferes with determination of phencyclidine by gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 7371168 TI - Avoiding xanthine interference in urate determination. PMID- 7371166 TI - Serum alkaline phosphatase of intestinal origin: detection by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and L-p-bromotetramisole inhibition compared. PMID- 7371167 TI - Interference of cephalosporin antibiotics with analysis for theophylline by liquid chromatography. PMID- 7371170 TI - Stability of glucose in urine. PMID- 7371169 TI - Probable deficiencies in the DuPont aca method for CK-MB. PMID- 7371171 TI - Persistent increase of serum lactate dehydrogenase activity related to enzyme-IgG (lambda) immunoglobulin complex. PMID- 7371172 TI - Increased creatine kinase MB values in acute alcoholic intoxication. PMID- 7371173 TI - Some improvements in operation of the Technicon SMAC system. PMID- 7371174 TI - Caveat in the use of serum thyroglobulin determinations for monitoring differentiated thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 7371175 TI - Immunochemical and electrophoretic methods for determination of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 compared. PMID- 7371176 TI - A precaution in the use of trichloroacetic acid (100 g/L) as a protein precipitant for blood lactates assay. PMID- 7371177 TI - Protein-free plasma prepared by ultrafiltration before assay of ascorbic and uric acid by liquid chromatography. PMID- 7371178 TI - The diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive lung disease. PMID- 7371179 TI - Office assessment of pulmonary function. PMID- 7371180 TI - Obstructive sleep apnea. PMID- 7371181 TI - Management of difficult asthma. PMID- 7371182 TI - Practical application of the flow-volume loop. PMID- 7371183 TI - Case report. Irreversible chronic renal failure following jejunoileal bypass. PMID- 7371184 TI - Chronic upper airway obstruction. Methods of detection and recognition. PMID- 7371185 TI - Progesterone is conjugated in human urine. AB - The discovery of two previously unknown progesterone conjugates in human urine is presented. Urine from near-term pregnant women was applied to an anion exchange column and then eluted with an increasing concentration gradient of sodium chloride. Aliquots of collected fractions were subjected to four different treatments: (1) immediate extraction, (2) incubation at 37 degrees C, (3) beta glucuronidase hydrolysis and (4) acid hydrolysis. All eluent aliquots were then further purified on a thin layer chromatographic system and measured for progesterone content by radioimmunoassay. The results suggest that progesterone, a non-hydroxylated delta 4-3 ketosteroid, occurs in at least two negatively charged conjugated forms in human urine. Comparison with elution patterns of known testosterone conjugates shows that these conjugates of progesterone travel on an anion exchange column similarly to testosterone glucuronide and testosterone sulphate. Although the exact structure of these progesterone conjugates remains to be elucidated, the property of physiological conjugation of progesterone has not previously been described. Quantitatively each of these conjugates appears to exist in amounts equal to or greater than the levels of free (unconjugated) urinary progesterone. PMID- 7371188 TI - [Development and comparison of lecithin/sphingomyelin and palmitic acid/stearic acid ratios in amniotic fluid]. AB - Fetal lung maturity has been studied both by silica gel chromatography of phospholipids and gas liquid chromatography of fatty acids. Lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios and palmitic/stearic (P/S) ratios were compared. A good correlation was obtained. However, when the L/S ratio has an intermediate value (1.5 less than or equal to L/S less than 2) making it difficult to judge the fetal lung maturity, the P/S ratio expresses the lung maturity more accurately. PMID- 7371186 TI - Determination of ionized calcium in parotid saliva. AB - A new method for the determination of ionized calcium in parotid saliva utilizing an automatic ionized calcium analyzer (Orion Biomedical Model Space-Stat 20) was evaluated. The method showed good precision with a relative standard deviation of 2.9--3.8 per cent in the range 0.20--0.79 mmol . l-1 after 226 duplicate measurements. Mean recovery was 94.9% in the range of 0.6--1.8 mmol. l-1. Bovine mucin was found not to interfere with the calcium electrode. Differences in sodium concentration, ionic strength and pH between the standard solutions and samples caused systematic errors. These were corrected using experimentally derived formulas. The influence of pH on the concentration of ionized calcium was studied in 13 parotid saliva samples. A non-linear relationship ranging between 32 and 84% of the total calcium concentration was found. PMID- 7371187 TI - Chromatographic determination and mass spectrometric identification of gamma glutamylphenylalanine, a urinary constituent in phenylketonuria. AB - The occurrence of gamma-glutamylphenylalanine in the urine of patients with phenylketonuria could be demonstrated using chromatographic techniques and mass spectrometry. Concentrations ranged up to 35 mg/l. Only a weak correlation between the urinary excretion of this compound and phenylalanine was seen. The ages of the patients investigated ranged from 2 weeks to 18 years. The origin of the dipeptide is discussed. PMID- 7371189 TI - Correction for the suppressive effect of haemoglobin on NADH absorbance in the transketolase assay. AB - The kinetic transketolase assay measures the absorbance change of NADH in the presence of haemoglobin. Haemoglobin was shown to suppress NADH absorbance which resulted in an apparently lower enzyme activity. To minimise this suppression, the transketolase assay was performed on samples with haemoglobin concentration of 30 g/l. At this level the absorbance of NADH in the presence of haemoglobin averaged 90.5% of that in Tris buffer. It is proposed that the calculation of the enzyme activity should be corrected for this suppression. PMID- 7371190 TI - Similarity between the high density lipoprotein profile of fetal lung and of amniotic fluid. PMID- 7371191 TI - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of native cerebrospinal fluid on cellulose acetate membranes. PMID- 7371192 TI - Evaluation and comparison of a column-chromatographic and an electrophoretic technique for separation of the two isoenzymes of aspartate aminotransferase (ast). PMID- 7371193 TI - Pattern of branched-chain alpha-keto acids in amniotic fluid. PMID- 7371194 TI - Molecular forms of beta-hexosaminidase and alpha-mannosidase in cell cultures from patients with mucolipidosis types II and III. AB - Molecular forms of beta-hexosaminidase and alpha-mannosidase were studied using isoelectric focusing in fibroblasts and culture medium from patients with mucolipidosis Types II and III. Compared to controls, no significant aberrations could be found in the isofocusing isoenzyme pattern. Mannose-6-phosphate, which inhibits the uptake of lysosomal enzymes into the cells, was added to the cell cultures from controls without any significant effect on the isofocusing isoenzyme pattern. PMID- 7371195 TI - A radioimmunoassay for plasma androstenedione using 125I tracer. AB - A radioimmunoassay for plasma androst-4-en-3,17-dione is described using ether extracts of plasma and 125I radioligand. The reagent is easily prepared by an established radiochemical method from androst-4-en-3,17-dione-6 beta (carboxymethyl) thioether and 125I-histamine. PMID- 7371197 TI - Determination of cyclophosphamide in urine, serum and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients by field desorption mass spectrometry. AB - The levels of cyclophosphamide in samples of urine, serum and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients, who had received the drug orally (4 x 100 mg/day) have been determined by field desorption mass spectrometry using the principle of stable isotope dilution. After thorough preparation of the samples, concentrations of cyclophosphamide of 10 to 60 micrograms/ml in urine and 200 to 400 ng/ml in serum and cerebrospinal fluid have been determined from 0.6-3 ml samples. The first quantitative data for cyclophosphamide in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients could be established without the use of radioactive material. The relatively high level of the parent drug found in the fluid at the end of a 3-weeks treatment may shed some light on the mechanism of action of this drug in the treatment of the disease. PMID- 7371196 TI - Kober reaction kinetics and their influence on the design of assays for oestrogens in urine during pregnancy. AB - Rates of reaction of different oestrogens in Kober reagent vary greatly. Rate constants were measured between 100 degrees C and 150 degrees C. Oestradiol, oestrone, 16-oxo-oestradiol, 16 alpha hydroxyoestrone, 16-epioestriol and urine pool show two sequential first order reactions at 100 degrees C; oestriol and its conjugates give a single reaction (slower than the other oestrogens except for the very slow oestretrol). Above 120 degrees C differences decrease, all oestrogens having one rate for Kober product formation: the decay reaction, which is also first order, becomes significant. Oestriol and its conjugates have relatively high apparent activation energies in the Kober reaction (120-138 kJmol 1) compared to other oestrogens studied (105-124 kJmol-1). The apparent activation energy for the decay reaction is the same within experimental error (115 +/- 3 kJmol-1). This is consistent with a common product formed from oestrogen reacting with Kober reagent. Analytical methods must respond similarly to major urinary oestrogens. Appropriate conditions include 100 degrees C for at least 20 min or 135 degrees C for 3 to 4 minutes. PMID- 7371198 TI - Effects of oestrogens on erythrocyte enzyme efflux in normal men and women. AB - In the normal female range for serum creatine kinase, the large diminutions associated with the reproductive period and with pregnancy are apparently related to oestrogen production. Specimens of heparinised blood from healthy men and women were stressed by chilling, and showed the predictably large efflux of erythrocyte aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase into plasma. In aliquots of the same specimens simultaneously stressed in the same way, previous substitution of the natural plasma with pregnant plasma rich in oestrogens gave a marked significant reduction in the efflux of both enzymes in women, but not in men. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7371199 TI - Liquid chromatographic estimation of doxycycline in human tissues. AB - A rapid, sensitive and specific liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of doxycycline in human tissues. The procedure involves mechanical homogenization of tissue samples in hydrochloric acid followed by extraction of the drug and an internal standard into ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation is performed on a reversed phase column and allows quantitation of tissue levels as low as 0.68 nmol/g using a 200-400 mg sample. Application of the assay to tissue samples obtained from 36 patients confirmed the excellent penetration of doxycycline in organs. The method supersedes the classical microbiological assays in specificity and speed. PMID- 7371202 TI - Decreased immunoreactive trypsin levels in sera from cystic fibrosis patients. PMID- 7371203 TI - International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. IUPAC section ON Clinical Chemistry. Commission on Teaching of Clinical Chemistry and IFCC Committee on Education Provisional Recommendation (1979) on a scheme for a two year postgraduate course in clinical chemistry. (Stage 2, Draft 2). PMID- 7371200 TI - Characterisation of the protein matrix of quality control sera by a high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis technique. AB - A high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis technique (Iso-Dalt) has been employed to characterise the protein components of freshly drawn human serum and various human- and animal-based quality control sera. This technique allows a direct comparison to be made between the protein components of different materials. Similarities have been demonstrated between the protein components (protein matrix) of freshly drawn human serum and human-, equine- and bovine based control sera, though some differences existed between sera from these three sources, mainly in the acidic high molecular weight quadrant and the lipoprotein and haptoglobin regions. The Iso-Dalt technique also revealed differences in the protein matrices of the various human-based quality control sera tested. Differences attributable to manufacturing technique were also discernible by inspection of the two-dimensional maps of the protein matrices. Although characterisation and comparison of protein components of the matrix of serum is difficult, the Iso-Dalt technique has proved a valuable tool in this characterisation and the subsequent assessment of the similarity of quality control sera to human serum. This type of information is valuable when considering the suitability of human- or animal-based sera for use in internal and external quality control procedures. PMID- 7371206 TI - [Study on oxytocin secretion during ejaculation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371205 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of Phadebas T4 RIA (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. PMID- 7371201 TI - Hydrogen breath test for lactose tolerance adapted to population screening. PMID- 7371204 TI - International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. Scientific Committee. Expert Panel on Instrumentation. Provisional guidelines (1979) for listing specifications of spectrometers in clinical chemistry. PMID- 7371208 TI - [Serum thyroxine determination by solid phase radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371209 TI - [The basic and clinical evaluation of serum triiodothyronine uptake and thyroxin with SPAC T3 Uptake Kit and SPAC T4 RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371210 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of serum myoglobin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371211 TI - Vocal cord function following short term endotracheal intubation. AB - This study was undertaken to determine whether brief periods of vocal cord paralysis might commonly occur as a result of tracheal intubation. The vocal cords of 100 patients were examined prior to and after intubation for operation. Although soft tissue trauma was observed in nearly all patients none had evidence of vocal cord paralysis. PMID- 7371207 TI - [The suppressive effect of glycyrrhizin on TSH secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371212 TI - Direct bone invasion in squamous carcinomas of the head and neck: pathological and clinical implications. AB - Direct bone invasion by tumour--an uncommon event at most sites--has been demonstrated in 18 out of 150 consecutive major surgical specimens from patients with squamous carcinomas of the head and neck. Intra-oral carcinomas invading the jaw(s) comprise the single commonest group. The tumour gains access to bone by direct spread or along perineural spaces: infiltration of periosteal lymphatics was rare. The morphological phases of bone invasion are described, the main feature being bone destruction by osteoclasts in front of the advancing tumour; tumour cells do not directly impinge on the bone surface until the late stages of invasion. Osteoblastic activity is less marked. Evidence that osteoclasts are directly stimulated by local tumour is discussed. The clinical implications relate to the possible uses of scintigraphy and the need to ensure adequate bone resections in operable lesions: the tumours sometimes infiltrate laterally beneath apparently intact bone cortex (cf. submucosal spread), and the normal tissue planes at the bone-soft tissue interface are usually distorted by previous radiotherapy. PMID- 7371213 TI - Age and mortality in laryngeal cancer. AB - A sample of 371 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx treated over a 17-year period has been statistically analysed. Age is shown to be an important prognostic parameter. Apart from the well-established additional risk factors, such as fixed cord, extension of the tumour beyond the larynx, fixed lymph nodes, distant metastasis and other malignancies, age by itself seems to be a crucial factor. A significant correlation exists between the age of the patient on admission and the chance of death from tumour within the first 3 years after treatment. In older patients survival is significantly lower and shorter than in younger patients. PMID- 7371215 TI - The endolymphatic surface of the stria vascularis in the guinea-pig and the effects of ethacrynic acid as shown by scanning electron microscopy. AB - Examination of the endolymphatic surface of the stria vascularis showed, in agreement with previous studies, the marginal cells to be hexagonal in shape and that most possessed microvilli. However, the cells in the apical turns were more profusely covered with microvilli than those at the base and, particularly in the basal turns, there was some variation in the surface detail of the cells. These results may indicate differences in the physiological state of the cells. In the early period of ethacrynic acid intoxication (15-30 minutes post-injection), when rapid changes in endolymphatic potential and ion-fluxes occur, the surface of the marginal cells showed only slight distortion. The most dramatic changes were noted 1 hour post-injection, and involved swelling of the cells and loss of microvilli. This distortion persisted up to 2 hours post-injection. The possible explanation for these findings is discussed. PMID- 7371216 TI - The factors which determine the viability of a triangular skin flap. AB - Experiments were undertaken on pigs to compare the survival of triangular flaps with rectangular flaps and to study the effect of the size of the apical angle on the survival of triangular flaps. Triangular random flaps survived to the same length as rectangular flaps of the same size of base, and its appears that length to breadth ratio is an important factor in determining the survival of a rectangular flap. Flaps with an apical of 60 degrees undergo necrosis if their length exceeds the safe surviving length for the size of the base of the flap, whereas flaps with an apical angle of 30 degrees survive if their length is within the surviving length for flaps of that size of base. The main effect of the apical angle may thus be to determine the length to breadth ratio. PMID- 7371217 TI - Genetic heterogeneity of congenital glaucoma. AB - Analysis of 126 families comprising 205 patients with congenital glaucoma demonstrates that in Gypsies this disease follows the pattern of autosomal recessive inheritance with complete penetrance, while in the non-Gypsy population, its mode of inheritance is most probably multifactorial. In Gypsy patients with congenital glaucoma, the eyes are always bilaterally affected, the onset of the disease is in the prenatal period, and its course is rather severe. The population frequency of the disease is extremely high (among Gypsies), and the consanguinity rate among parents is as high as 41%. In non-Gypsy patients, 26.6% of all cases are only unilaterally affected, and the course of the disease is generally milder with a later onset. The population frequency in a non-Gypsy population is much lower, the consanguinity rate is not increased, and an excess of males (1.55:1) is significant. PMID- 7371218 TI - Dominant inheritance of femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome. AB - The femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome comprises short femurs and a facies with short nose, elongated philtrum, thin upper lip and micrognathia. It is felt to be sporadic in nature. An affected father and daughter are described, implying dominant inheritance. PMID- 7371219 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of harlequin ichthyosis. AB - We report the successful prenatal diagnosis of ichthyosis in the fetus of a woman whose previous liveborn child was affected with "harlequin ichthyosis". The fetal diagnosis was established through analysis of ultrasonographically guided fetoscopic skin biopsies. These biopsies showed premature hyperkeratosis, most marked around hair follicles and sweat ducts, and forming plugs of hyperkeratotic debris. These observations were in distinct contrast to those in control fetuses, whose epidermis consists of squamous epithelium only a few cells in depth with minimal keratinization. PMID- 7371220 TI - Apparently changing patterns of inheritance in Alport's hereditary nephritis: genetic heterogeneity versus altered diagnostic criteria. AB - With the use of more stringent diagnostic criteria, it has recently been shown that some large pedigrees of Alport's and non-Alport's hereditary nephritis fit sex-linked dominant inheritance (O'Neill et al. 1978). We have used similar diagnostic criteria and have studied a number of Michigan pedigrees in order to see if this hypothesis would be confirmed. We found one small pedigree which definitely shows male-to-male transmission, while one large pedigree is tentatively compatible with sex-linked dominant inheritance. Many of the other pedigrees suggested male-to-male transmission. This Michigan experience is compared to other published reports and found to be consistent, although a trend of fewer reports of male-to-male transmission is seen. We conclude that genetic heterogeneity of Alport's hereditary nephritis is likely. PMID- 7371214 TI - Direct bone invasion by squamous carcinomas of the head and neck. PMID- 7371221 TI - Prenatal detection of a probable heterozygote for ADA deficiency and severe combined immunodeficiency disease using a microradioassay. AB - A pregnancy at risk for adenosine deaminase deficiency and severe combined immunodeficiency disease has been investigated by assay of adenosine deaminase activity in cultured amniotic fluid cells using a microradioassay. A low-normal level of activity consistent with heterozygote status in the foetus was found and confirmed after birth by assay of red cell and fibroblast adenosine deaminase activities. It is suggested that the radioassay method offers significant advantages in sensitivity and specificity over the standard spectrophotometric procedure. PMID- 7371223 TI - Amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis in twin gestation. PMID- 7371222 TI - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. PMID- 7371224 TI - A search for the optimum conditions for culturing allografts before transplantation. PMID- 7371225 TI - Preliminary studies of an acid-labile factor (ALF) in human sera that inactivates platelet-activating factor (PAF). PMID- 7371226 TI - The age dependence of respiratory syncytial virus growth in ferret lung can be shown in organ and monolayer cultures. PMID- 7371227 TI - Fc receptors specific for IgE on subpopulations of human lymphocytes and monocytes. PMID- 7371228 TI - Differential expression of two distinct xenotropic viruses in NZB mice. PMID- 7371230 TI - Cytogenetics and haematology. PMID- 7371229 TI - Quantitative comparisons of neutrophil chemotaxis in four animal species. PMID- 7371231 TI - Cytogenetics and haemotology. Introduction to nomenclature. PMID- 7371233 TI - Lung resection for metastatic melanoma. PMID- 7371232 TI - Fear of cancer. PMID- 7371234 TI - Serial scintiscanning in breast cancer: the indications and prognostic value. PMID- 7371235 TI - Tumour histology and spleen size in women with breast cancer. PMID- 7371236 TI - Is multiple lymph node biopsy essential during staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's disease? PMID- 7371237 TI - The role of metronidazole in the prevention of fistulae following total laryngectomy. PMID- 7371238 TI - Cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7371239 TI - The biomechanics of the knee and surgical possibilities of healing osteoarthritic knee joints. AB - Osteoarthritis of the knee is generally focused around areas of stress concentration. Osteotomy and tibial tubercle elevation can bring about functional healing. Surgical success depends upon a correct preoperative biomechanical evaluation of the affected knee and upon effective surgical reduction of the stress concentration. Careful attention to the details of biomechanical principles and orthopedic management induces healing and correction of many extremely deformed and unstable knee joints. PMID- 7371240 TI - Surgical implications of biomechanics of the foot and ankle. AB - Because of the nature of the alignment the joints of the lower extremity, any significant loss of alignment or function will place increased stress on the remaining joints. An ankle arthrodesis must be carefully aligned into slight valgus and neutral dorsiflexion, plantar flexion and the same degree of external rotation as the opposite leg. A subtalar arthrodesis should be aligned in 5 degrees of valgus. The forefoot should be placed in a plantigrade position when arthrodesis of the subtalar or transverse tarsal joint is contemplated. The stability of the longitudinal arch and forefoot is dependent in part upon the integrity of the metatarsophalangeal joints and as such, neither a resection of the metatarsal head or base of the phalanx should be carried out except under extreme disease states, such as rheumatoid arthritis. If an arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint is contemplated, it is important that the joint be aligned in approximately 5 degrees to 10 degrees of valgus and 15 degrees to 25 degrees of dorsiflexion, depending upon the heel height that the patient anticipates using. When considering a tendon transfer about the foot and ankle, the relationship of the tendon to the axes of the subtalar and ankle joint requires special consideration. PMID- 7371241 TI - The surgery of cervical disk disease: new perspectives. AB - Current trends in the surgical treatment of cervical disk disease, when compared with those of the 1960s, have been unimpressive. There is an ongoing refinement of anterior procedures, which seem to be effective for both myelopathy and radiculopathy, ranging from simple diskectomy and/or fusion to variously radical anterior decompressions. This refinement has demonstrated that however simple or radical the anterior procedure is, the results seem to be the same and that bone grafting is not necessarily critical to success. Posterior procedures, both for root exploration and spinal cord decompression, have fewer advocates but remain important procedures. Their magnitude relative to that of anterior surgery and the lack of refinement of laminectomy over the past 50 years probably accounts most for the preference for anterior surgery. Anterior and posterior disk surgery both have their place based on a surgion's preference. One can expect 80 to 100% acceptable results with radiculopathy and 50 to 70% with myelopathy. PMID- 7371242 TI - Intradiskal pressure and volume recording: evaluation of normal and abnormal cervical disks. AB - Rupture of the normal intervertebral disk by manual force is difficult. When the pressure was raised to 9000 mm Hg. in 33 normal intervertebral disks, the volume received did not exceed 0.4 cc. A contained degenerated intervertebral disk can be ruptured by manual force without a simultaneous pressure-controlling device. In cases of traumatic rupture of the annulus fibrosis and of the posterior longitudinal ligament, simultaneous intradiskal pressure and volume recording were more informative than either EMG or myelography. Simultaneous intradiskal pressure or volume recording is capable of detecting a normal intervetebral disk and thus may be diagnostically helpful by the process of elimination. The diskometry or volume study, with or without simultaneous intradiskal pressure recording, has very limited diagnostic value in the detection of a symptom producing intervertebral disk. Differentiation between degenerated asymptomatic and herniated symptomatic disks could not be made with pressure volume recording. PMID- 7371243 TI - Paraplegia from operating position and spinal stenosis in non-spinal surgery: a case report. AB - A 61-year-old patient with pre-existing but asymptomatic spinal stenosis was placed in the lateral position on the operating table for hip surgery. The lumbar spine was in a position of extension and lateral bend. This position, combined with severe spinal stenosis (proven later at surgery), caused enough compression on the neural elements to produce permanent paraplegia. Similar cases have been reported but remain an infrequent cause of postoperative paraplegia. PMID- 7371244 TI - Computerized tomographic assessment of the traumatized dorsolumbar spine before and after Harrington instrumentation. AB - Nine patients, treated with Harrington instrumentation for dorsolumbar fracture dislocations were studied pre- and postoperatively with computerized tomography (CT). In all 9 cases the preoperative CT scan showed the bony intrusion upon the spinal canal. Postoperative CT scans were of good quality despite minimal scatter artifact from the rods and demonstrated the integrity of the spinal canal and the reduction of the dislocation. CT scan is a useful tool for diagnosing the severity of dorsolumbar spine fractures and judging the results of the various forms of therapy. PMID- 7371245 TI - Fracture of the capitulum humeri in children: a rare injury, often misdiagnosed. AB - Fracture of the capitulum humeri is very uncommon in children. Two typical cases in adolescent girls illustrate the importance of distinguishing capitulum from lateral humeral condyle fractures, and of the feasibility of treatment of the former by excisional surgery. PMID- 7371246 TI - Functional bracing of Colles' fractures: a prospective study of immobilization in supination vs. pronation. AB - In a prospective study, 156 Colles' fractures were treated with a functional Orthoplast brace. Approximately one-half were braced in pronation and one-half in supination. One hundred and four were available for follow-up. Results were analyzed by type of fracture and position of immobilization (pronation versus supination). In evaluating the results, we found that: (1) displaced Colles' fractures without articular involvement (Type II) braced in supination yielded superior anatomic results when compared with those treated in pronation; (2) Type IV (displaced intra-articular) fractures braced in supination obtained a significantly higher percentage of excellent functional and anatomic results than those braced in pronation. In general, treatment with functional bracing yielded 90% excellent or good functional results. PMID- 7371247 TI - The rationale of early functional loading in the healing of fractures: a comprehensive gate control concept of repair. AB - Trauma triggers nociceptive impulses that set the affected region apart from the systemic homeostasis. By rendering corresponding cord levels more sensitive to environmental stimuli and by inhibiting selective responses to central activation, they create the biologic environment conducive to cellular repair and tissue maturation. But this process is nonspecific and highly labile. It easily escalates out of its range unless checked and regulated by application, in succession, of immediate, protected, permissive and progressive functional loading. PMID- 7371248 TI - Dislocation of the hip with traumatic separation of the capital femoral epiphysis: report of a case with successful outcome. AB - Experience with a successfully treated transepiphyseal fracture-dislocation of the femoral head in a 4-year-old boy, a review of 6 similar injuries from the literature, and consideration of the anatomy of the immature femoral head and neck, suggest that the treatment of choice for this injury is immediate open reduction and internal fixation with a smooth pin followed by cast protection. Contrary to recommendations in the literature, closed manipulation does not seem justified at any time, since it could eliminate residual blood supply to the femoral head by disruption of the soft tissue hinge between the head and neck. In a child, preservation of the blood supply through intra-articular soft parts is even more imperative than in adults. PMID- 7371249 TI - Advances in surgical technique for total hip replacement: without and with osteotomy of the greater trochanter. AB - Advances in the surgical technique for total hip replacement demonstrate that in most straightforward cases, osteotomy of the greater trochanter is unnecessary. This point of view requires some consideration of the present controversy about the need for osteotomy of the greater trochanter. If the limb is to be shortened or if a graft is to be added to the ilium, the trochanter must be removed. In complex cases necessitating revision operations or correction of severe deformities, or in hips requiring long stem components, osteotomy of the trochanter can be a distinct asset. There are pitfalls and complications of the techniques, both with and without trochanteric osteotomy, as well as with methods of reattachment of the trochanter. In general, total hip replacement can be performed with wide exposure of the socket without osteotomy of the trochanter, and can be performed without damage to the abductor muscle group. New cementing procedures and more accurate positioning of the femoral component have significantly improved the end results of total hip arthroplasty. PMID- 7371250 TI - Orthopedics. Symposium. Relevant Biomechanics. PMID- 7371251 TI - Relevant biomechanics in the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries and disorders. PMID- 7371253 TI - Arthroscopy of a dislocated hip replacement: a case report. AB - A 55-year-old woman had a dislocation of a total hip arthroplasty that could not be reduced by closed manipulation because of an obstructing cement fragment. The use of percutaneous arthroscopic instrumentation allowed reduction by successful manipulation of the fragment out of the joint. PMID- 7371252 TI - Urethral instrumentation and deep sepsis in total hip replacement. AB - One hundred and ninety-five male patients developed urinary retention following Charnley low friction arthroplasty. Seventy required prostatectomy, with a mortality rate of 8.6%. The overall deep sepsis rate of the implant was 6.2%. Males with urinary tract symptoms should be investigated and treated before being accepted for total hip replacement. PMID- 7371254 TI - Abduction contracture: an unusual complication in the treatment of acute capital femoral epiphysiolysis. AB - A significant abduction contracture of the hip followed closed reduction and pinning of an acute slip of the proximal femoral epiphysis in a 13-year-old boy. The contracture was corrected by removal of this bony prominence. Over-reduction of the slipped epiphysis into valgus is thought to have stimulated bony overgrowth at the posteromedial aspect of the capital femoral epiphyseal-neck junction. This causes a block to adduction by abutting against the inferior lip of the acetabulum. To our knowledge, this complication has not been previously reported. PMID- 7371257 TI - Subluxation of the tibialis posterior, a complication of tarsal tunnel decompression: a case report. AB - In a 16-year-old girl, anterior subluxation of the posterior tibial tendon repeatedly occurred after release of the flexor retinaculum for tarsal tunnel syndrome. The symptoms resulting from this subluxation were more disabling than the original complaint. A reconstructive procedure eliminated the subluxation but did not cause recurrence of the tarsal tunnel syndrome. Though this complication is rare, it suggests that opening of the retinaculum for decompression of the tarsal tunnel should be done as far posteriorly as possible, so that the remaining retinaculum can act as a flap to prevent subsequent anterior subluxation of the tendon(s). PMID- 7371255 TI - Retention of the compression screw in sliding screw plate devices. AB - Distraction forces at the site of an unstable intertrochanteric fracture can cause disengagement of the sliding hip screw from the barrel of the side plate. If such a device is used for unstable comminuted intertrochanteric fractures, the compression screw should be retained. PMID- 7371258 TI - Evaluation of the early result of Smith total ankle replacement. AB - The Smith total ankle replacement was performed in 21 joints. During a 3-year period, the function was good in 50% of the patients with traumatic degenerative arthritis and 40% with rheumatoid arthritis. Improper technique, infection and component loosening were the most common causes of failure in 11 patients, with fair to poor prognosis. PMID- 7371259 TI - Talipes equinovarus associated with an absent posterior tibial tendon and a tarsal coalition: a case report. AB - A previously unreported anomaly of a clubfoot in a 14-month-old boy was associated with an absent posterior tibial tendon and a tarsal coalition. PMID- 7371256 TI - Medial femoral torsion: experience with operative treatment. AB - Seventy-eight patients who had undergone bilateral derotational osteotomy of the femur for medial femoral torsion were reviewed to evaluate the procedure and to determine the frequency of postoperative complications. Patients averaged 6 years of age at the time of the procedure; girls predominated. Before derotational osteotomy, the mean hip rotation measurements were 84 degrees medially and 16 degrees laterally; following the procedure, mean hip rotations were 41 degrees medially and 51 degrees laterally. Medial femoral torsion was reduced from 54 degrees mean to 14 degrees. Balancing these favorable results, however, was a 15% risk of complications; 12 of our patients had problems associated with loss of fixation, errors in amount of correction, fractures, heel ulcer, or infection. Derotational osteotomy is only justified for the child with a persistent severe disability from medial femoral torsion. The parents should be aware of the significant risks and the lack of evidence for any long-term adverse effects if moderate MFT is left uncorrected. PMID- 7371262 TI - The rationale of functional bracing of fractures. PMID- 7371260 TI - Histologic, histochemical, and ultrastructural studies of the hip joint capsule and ligamentum teres in congenital dislocation of the hip. AB - The histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure were investigated in 12 ligamentum teres and 11 hip joint capsule biopsies obtained at open reduction of 9 patients with congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) and of 2 normal hips. The ages of the patients ranged from 2 months to 4 years and 2 months. In the joint capsule of the dislocated hips, the cells were irregularly distributed, had different shapes, and appeared to be in different stages of functional activity. The collagen fiber bundles were thicker than in the normal capsule, distributed and of varied thickness. The collagen fibrils in the younger patients were thinner than in the normal hip and their diameter increased slightly with age. In the ligamentum teres of the dislocated hips the elastic fibers were thicker and more numerous than in the normal hip, whereas the cells and collagen fibrils showed changes similar to those observed in the capsule. Fibrocartilaginous metaplasia was found in both the capsule and the ligamentum teres in areas compressed by the femoral head. The morphologic and histochemical changes observed in the joint capsule in CDH appeared to be secondary to the mechanical stresses caused by the dislocation. PMID- 7371263 TI - Lesions of the meniscus. Part I: Macroscopic and histologic findings. AB - Systematic macroscopic and microscopic measurements of the tibial surface of 70 menisci helped to reveal associated minimal dysplastic lesions. The normal meniscus is divided into upper and lower areas by the middle perforating bundle. Considering its high frequency, a minimal myxoid degeneration in the center of the meniscus is normal. Classic myxoid degeneration may be divided into 2 types. Type A or parameniscal cystic degeneration, and Type B or intrameniscal myxoid degeneration. The intrameniscal myxoid degeneration is a nonspecific reaction to injury. Parameniscal mucoid degeneration constitutes the substrate of lateral meniscal cysts. PMID- 7371261 TI - The effect of varying oxygen tensions on hydroxyproline synthesis in mouse calvaria in vitro. AB - Six-day-old mouse calvaria were grown in vitro on a grid culture system in Medium 199 containing titriated proline. Gas atmospheres containing various oxygen concentrations up to 25% were introduced to influence the rate of collagen formation as determined by the synthesis of labelled hydroxyproline in the explants. There was an increase in synthesis in response to 15% oxygen with a possible further small increase in 25% oxygen. Measurement of the release of unlabelled hydroxyproline into the medium as an estimate of collagen breakdown indicates an increase in resorption with increasing oxygen concentrations up to 20%. In this model, therefore, there is increased collagen turnover with increasing oxygen tension in the physiologic range. Although the observations reflect collagen formation and do not necessarily measure bone formation, the results are consistent with data derived from other sources suggesting that bone formation is increased by improved oxygenation. PMID- 7371264 TI - Lesions of the meniscus. Part II: Horizontal cleavages and lateral cysts. AB - Horizontal cleavages and lateral cysts were examined in a series of 70 menisci. The horizontal cleavage (HC) is the most frequent form of tear, occurring most often in the middle third of the lateral meniscus. Horizontal cleavages which reach the base of the meniscus triangle connect with parameniscal cysts. Extension of the horizontal cleavage into the parameniscal region seems to be, therefore, the cause of cyst formation. PMID- 7371266 TI - Femoral head at risk factors in Legg-Perthes disease. PMID- 7371265 TI - Equalization of leg length. PMID- 7371267 TI - Biomechanics of the shoulder. AB - Man's shoulder girdle is of the general pattern of his tree-swinging ancestors. With assumption of the upright posture, man's thorax has flattened from anterior posterior. This results in a rotation of the scapula to a position of 45 degrees with the sagittal plane. In addition to this, man's forearm is habitually used in a position of approximately 45 degrees of internal rotation. This places the biceps tendon "off its trolley" and leads to biceps tinosynovitis. Motions of the glenohumeral joints result from the force couple of the deltoid muscle plus the rotator cuff muscles. The rotator cuff alone can abduct the arm with 50% force throughout the full range of its motion. In the absence of the supraspinatus muscle, however, the force couple is disrupted. Although initiation of abduction is with full force, the force rapidly falls off to 90 degrees. Above 90 degrees the arm can barely support its own weight. Although the shoulder undergoes progressive degenerative changes with age, the necessity for a joint implant, either partial or total--although successful--is rare. PMID- 7371268 TI - Biomechanics of elbow instability: the role of the medial collateral ligament. AB - The anterior oblique component of the medial collateral ligament of the elbow is the mainstay of joint stability. Fractures of the medial epicondyle must be anatomically reduced, open if necessary. A fibrous union of a minimally displaced fractured medial epicondyle may result in lengthening and functional compromise of the medial collateral ligament. Chronic elbow instability is an unusual lesion. Repair of chronic elbow instability is best performed by restitution of medial collateral ligament function. PMID- 7371269 TI - Mechanics of the treatment of hip injuries. AB - When treated operatively, mechanical problems associated with intertrochanteric hip fracture include malunion and nonunion. Their frequency and severity are directly related to the mechanical effectiveness of internal fixation, which is determined by 5 independent variables: bone quality, fragment geometry, reduction, implant, and implant placement. While all 5 variables are of importance, bone quality and fragment geometry are the product of the patient and the trauma and cannot be significantly modified by the treating surgeon. Reduction, implant placement, and implant selection are the variables which the surgeon can manipulate. While all 3 are important, implant selection and implant placement are of relatively greater importance than reduction. Implant placement in the biomechanically ideal position for the individual patient is probably the single most important of the 5 variables. PMID- 7371270 TI - Internal fixation of intertrochanteric hip fractures: a clinical and biomechanical study. AB - One hundred seventy-three cases of intertrochanteric fractures treated by internal fixation are reviewed: 72 treated with the Jewett nail and 101 with the Richards compression hip screw. Both devices maintained adequate reduction in the majority of cases. Treatment failure: loss of fixation, symptomatic joint penetration, aseptic necrosis, malunion and nonunion occurred in 25% of the Jewett nail cases and 6% of the Richards screw cases. In vitro biomechanical studies demonstrate that the compression screw is subjected to less bending stress by acting as a lateral "tension band" in stable reductions and by allowing sliding, thus shortening the bending movement lever arm in unstable reductions. The compression hip screw is valuable in the treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures. In stable conditions, it acts as a tension band producing more force transmission through the medial cortex, stressing the implant more in tension and less in bending. In unstable conditions with higher shearing forces, the device will shorten the lever arm, decreasing the bending moment, as well as avoiding penetration of the femoral head. PMID- 7371271 TI - The effect of femoral stem cross-sectional geometry on cement stresses in total hip reconstruction. AB - A three-dimensional numerical stress analysis of a prosthesis-cement-proximal femur system was performed to reveal functional differences of total hip femoral component stems with varying cross-sectional shapes. The analysis was performed on stem cross-section shapes similar to many of the variations presently available in femoral components. The results indicate that the predicted levels of stress in the cement are often close to critical (i.e., failure) levels. The magnitude and mode (i.e., compression versus tension) of loading in the cement are significantly affected by the stem cross-sectional shape. Particular attention is paid to the stress in the cement within the proximal portion of the structure. High compression stresses in the cement are shown to result from prostheses with narrow medial surfaces and small area moments of inertia. High cement tensile stresses result from prostheses with small area moments of inertia. A large region of cement compression results from prosthesis cross sections with relatively large anterior-posterior dimensions about their lateral aspect. Desirable stress distributions result from prostheses with broad medial surfaces and even broader lateral surfaces. PMID- 7371272 TI - Stability examination of the knee: a simple anatomic approach. AB - The knee is a complex joint and its stability depends upon many factors, but static stablizing structures are the most critical. The anatomic integrity of these structures correlates well with both their functional integrity and the instability observed during manual stress-testing of the knee. This makes accurate diagnosis possible. Stability of the knee is most easily defined in terms of straight planes, varus, valgus, anterior and posterior displacement. Rotory instabilities are syndromes which represent combinations of straight-plane instabilities. The stability in each plane is supplied by a primary static stabilizer and secondary and at times tertiary reinforcing structures. The information required to accurately interpret the pattern of injury is readily obtained by stressing the knee in the planes described. PMID- 7371273 TI - Clinical laxity tests and functional stability of the knee: biomechanical concepts. AB - Biomechanical studies show one or 2 ligaments provide the primary passive restraint for each plane of knee stability with the remaining ligaments having a secondary helping role. Correct interpretation of clinical laxity tests and surgical treatment of instability requires this subdivision. Functional stability of the knee is a primary treatment goal after ligament injury, but is too often short-term, relying on muscle control alone without the fine-tuning action of the ligamentous system. If there is abnormal laxity on the clinical examination, there is an increased risk for joint wear, cartilage deterioration and arthritis on a long-term basis. PMID- 7371274 TI - The concepts and terms of mechanics. AB - Mechanics can be understood in non-mathematical terms. Two important kinds of strength are ultimate or breaking strength, and yield strength--the stress which will cause a permanent deformity (e.g., bending a bone plate). Stress, like pressure, is measured in pounds per square inch. Strain is the percentage "gain in length." The strength of bone is roughly comparable to oak wood. With hyperemia and resorption of bone substance, this strength can fall drastically in a matter of weeks. Bone cement is well named; like cement it has almost no useful tensile strength. Its compressive strength is roughly comparable to bone. Doubling the depth of a beam quadruples its strength PMID- 7371276 TI - The pattern of deep-vein thrombosis and clinical course of a group of Hong Kong Chinese patients following hip surgery for fracture of the proximal femur. AB - In a prospective study of deep-vein thrombosis following hip surgery for fractures of the proximal femur, 45 Hong Kong Chinese patients were examined by bilateral functional ascending phlebography 7 to 28 days postfracture and 5 to 15 days post-surgery. In 14 patients, the phlebography was repeated 10 to 32 days later. The patients were followed for 27 to 32 months. The phlebographic pattern of the venous thrombi were analyzed, and the clinical course of the patients was presented. Despite the fact that the overall incidence of deep-vein thrombosis in this group of Chinese patients was similar to that reported in the West, clinical pulmonary embolism was not observed. The study suggested a difference in the distribution, pattern and probably the natural history of the venous thrombi among the Chinese when compared with the Western series. PMID- 7371277 TI - Femoral head fractures associated with posterior hip dislocation. PMID- 7371275 TI - Biomechanics of knee ligament reconstruction. AB - The goal of knee ligament repair or reconstruction is restoration of static and dynamic stability in the flexed knee since this is the usual position of function. The anatomic structures which are available for reconstructive procedures vary considerably from case to case depending upon the original injury and subsequent healing. Certain biomechanical principles are surgically applicable but the final choice of procedure remains with the operator and often depends upon his assessment of the situation at the time of surgery in addition to his preoperative evaluation. This makes it difficult to always employ a standardized procedure for a given type of instability. With continued biomechanics investigation of ligament function, the "art" of the ligament reconstruction is becoming somewhat more of a science and lending itself to more standardized procedures, which will eliminate some of the confusion evident at the present time. PMID- 7371279 TI - Protrusio acetabuli in Marfan's syndrome. AB - In an unselected series of 14 patients with Marfan's syndrome, protrusio acetabuli was documented by both presence of a center edge (CE) angle of 40 degrees or more and crossing of the teardrop by the femoral head. The disorder was unilateral in 8 patients, bilateral in 6. Since most of the CE angles were measured on scoliosis roentgenograms, the measurements were made in a control group with an average CE angle of 33.1 degree, compared with an average of 43.4 degree in the Marfan's group. One of the hips with protrusio was associated with chondrolysis. Protrusio acetabuli is a common abnormality of persons with Marfan's syndrome. It may be related to the same mesenchymal tissue disorder that predisposes these persons to scoliosis, chest wall deformities, and other skeletal malformations. PMID- 7371278 TI - Subcapital fracture subsequent to Zickel nail fixation: a case report. AB - A displaced subcapital fracture complicated avascular necrosis of the femoral head subsequent to Zickel nail fixation for a pertrochanteric fracture of the femur in an 82 year old woman. To the best of our knowledge this is a unique case, not previously reported. PMID- 7371280 TI - Malrotation following Ender nailing. AB - External malrotation is a frequent complication following Ender nailing. Biomechanical studies demonstrate that the standard Ender nail tends to produce external malrotation when the fracture is unstable. This type of malrotation does not develop to the same degree if the nails are bent into a 25 degree angle of anteversion. The anteversion nail follows the natural anteversion curve of the upper femur and does not build up a torsional stress that might be released in an unstable fracture situation. It is recommended that anteversion nails be used in condylocephalic nailing. PMID- 7371281 TI - Comparison of the transtrochanteric and posterior approaches for total hip replacement. AB - One-hundred fifty-six consecutive total hip replacements through a lateral transtrochanteric approach were evaluated and compared to a closely matched group of 160 consecutive similar procedures via a posterior approach. The lateral approach did not have any dislocations and created a greater abductor lever arm. However, a 4.5% complication rate was related to the greater trochanter and degraded the result. The posterior approach provided a shorter operative time, required less blood replacement, and resulted in a shorter hospital stay. However a 4.4% incidence of dislocation decreased the rate of recovery and the final result. Since this early experience, an improved technique of reattaching the short external rotators had mitigated the problem of dislocations. Wound and systemic complications, postoperative results, radiographic findings and prosthetic positioning were not significantly different in comparable patients treated by the 2 surgical approaches. PMID- 7371283 TI - The classification and early diagnosis of knee joint instability. AB - A working classification of knee joint instability includes anatomic and pathologic classifications. The anatomic classification defines the direction of the instability causing the abnormal function to the patient. A structural classification delineates the pathologic lesion. An ability to correlate one with the other ensures proper understanding of the subject. An accurate diagnosis following the acute injury is the basis of effective treatment. Residual chronic disability in many instances will be avoided. Injuries involving the cruciate ligaments constitute difficult diagnostic problems. Anterior cruciate ligament lesions lead to predictable patterns of chronic instability. Posterior cruciate ligament lesions may be associated with trauma sufficiently severe to impair the neurovascular status of the limb. PMID- 7371282 TI - The evolution of the Buck-32 total hip prosthesis. AB - The total hip prosthesis designed by Buchholz has had an excellent clinical record. Despite its unique features, popularity in the United States has been lacking because of the large head size and the single-size neck length. The Buck 32 modification offers a 32 mm head with varying neck lengths, but retains the salient features of a longer stem and a ventral recess in the acetabular component. Laboratory studies demonstrate that the modified Buchholz prosthesis (Buck-32) does demonstrate an excellent range of motion, superior strength qualities, and excellent flexibility which allows its use in clinical conditions requiring maximum prosthetic strength. PMID- 7371285 TI - Healing of osteochondritis dissecans following congenital dislocation of the hip: report of a case. AB - An 18-month-old boy treated for congenital dislocation of the hip, developed osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral head. Serial roentgenograms demonstrated that the lesion had healed by the time he was 15 years of age. There have been no previous reports of healing of osteochondritis dissecans complicating congenital dislocation of the hip, or Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, although healing in idiopathic cases has been described. PMID- 7371286 TI - Late reduction of bilateral traumatic hip dislocations in a child. AB - A 5-year-old girl with bilateral traumatic hip dislocations neglected for 6 weeks was successfully managed by skeletal traction for reduction and cast immobilization for 6 weeks. The delay in reduction did not preclude a good result. Osteoporosis of the femoral head was noted to be a favorable prognostic sign relative to its vascularity. Skeletal traction is an optimum method of reduction for neglected hip dislocations, while open reduction is rarely indicated. Prolonged restriction of weight bearing is unnecessary following soft tissue healing. PMID- 7371284 TI - Fatigue fracture of the inferior pubic ramus following total hip replacement for congenital hip dislocation. AB - Fatigue fracture of the inferior pubic ramus occurred following total hip arthroplasty (THA) for congenital dislocation of the hip 9 months postoperative in a 71-year-old woman. When anatomic restoration is attempted by total hip arthroplasty for congenital dislocation of the hip in an aged individual, new stress patterns are created about the joint. PMID- 7371287 TI - Bowel entrapment by pelvic fracture fragments: a case report and review of the literature. AB - A 13-year-old boy sustained an acetabular fracture which was complicated by entrapment of the small bowel. Five days after injury, the incarcerated bowel was freed from the fracture site, and primarily reanastamosed after excision of a 5 cm segment. The postoperative course was complicated by a prolonged fever of unknown origin which finally was attributed to hepatitis. Ten months after injury, the patient was ambulating with the aid of a cane. Only 5 comparable cases of mechanical entrapment of small bowel in pelvic fractures were found in the literature. In all 5, the diagnosis was difficult, and in 2, the patients died from this complication of pelvic fracture. The possibility of bowel entrapment should be considered in all instances of prolonged ileus associated with pelvic fracture. PMID- 7371289 TI - Mechanical strength of the femur following resurfacing and conventional total hip replacement procedures. AB - A series of static and fatigue loading tests was performed on fresh frozen cadaver femora which had undergone THARIES surface replacement and conventional T 28 stem-type replacement. The strength, stiffness, and energy absorbed during static loading tests were comparable for femora containing the 2 designs. Superior notching of the femoral neck during valgus reaming reduced the ultimate static fracture load in 2 specimens. The large scatter in fatigue life observed was most likely due to variations in bone quality and geometry, techniques of reaming and positioning of the prosthetic components, and the initial selection of the cyclic load for each individual specimen. Significant differences in cycles to failure were observed between paired specimens tested under similar conditions. Based upon tests performed upon surface replacement specimens that did not fail in fatigue, and which were subsequently tested to static failure, it appears that a cyclic load roughly one-fourth of ultimate can be tolerated without fatigue fracture. PMID- 7371288 TI - The effect of previous surgery, operating room environment, and preventive antibiotics on postoperative infection following total hip arthroplasty. AB - In 711 consecutive total hip arthroplasty operations, approximately 80% of patients were followed one to 7 years. Per priman operations outnumbered hips having had previous operations 511 to 200. The incidence of infection was higher in the hips having had previous operations (1.6 vs 3.5%). The overall incidence of deep infection was 16/711, or 23%. Analysis of the influences of operating room environment and preventative antibiotics revealed that there was a marked decrease in the attack rate of deep infection (7.6 vs 0.6%) when the Clean Room, personnel-isolator system, and preventative antibiotics were used. Reduced intraoperative wound bacterial contamination is accompanied by a reduced incidence of sepsis. PMID- 7371290 TI - The effect of cane use on hip contact force. AB - Canes may be used to reduce hip pain by reducing the joint contact force. Previous estimates suggest that this force could be reduced to 17-26% of normal. We have calculated 3-dimensional hip contact forces during gait in 4 groups: normals, preoperative hip patients walking without a cane, preoperative hip patients walking with a cane, and patients postoperative total hip reconstruction. Preoperative patients walking with a cane exhibited hip contact forces of about 60% normal force (from age-matched and velocity-matched normals). Preoperative patients walking without a cane and postoperative patients had hip contact forces which were not significantly different from age-matched and velocity-matched normals. Considering that patients probably rarely place more than 20% of their body weight on a cane, it is likely the hip contact force will rarely be reduced below 60% of body weight with use of a cane. PMID- 7371291 TI - The use of methylmethacrylate as a temporary spacer following en bloc resection of the distal femur. AB - The current state of the art of prosthetic joint replacement permits sizeable segments of the appendicular skeleton to be resected and replaced with prosthetic components which are secured with methylmethacrylate cement. Occasionally it is necessary to resect a rather sizeable area of pathologic bone and to provide for some type of temporary fixation until a specially fabricated prosthetic component can be made available. Under such circumstances it is necessary to maintain length of the involved extremity, and provide for skeletal stability to the area of resection. Although external fixation offers a reasonable option, the employment of an internal type of fixation in the form of titanium mesh reinforced with methylmethacrylate cement seems more desirable. With this technique, the potential problem of pin track infection is avoided while space suitable to the dimensions of the prosthetic implant can be preserved. PMID- 7371293 TI - A method of repair of late quadriceps rupture. AB - Delayed treatment of a quadriceps rupture is an infrequent but difficult situation. The fibrous degeneration and muscle retraction and subsequent hiatus present a challenging technical problem. A 54-year-old laborer with a 7-week quadriceps rupture was treated by a method that seems not to have been previously reported. At surgery there was a 9-cm gap that could not be approximated by either a Bunnell suture, or Codvilla lengthening of Scuderi inverted triangle. Repair was successfully accomplished by transposing the inner one-third of the patellar tendon. The tendon was split longitudinally and separated from the medial and lateral aspects in a distal to proximal direction with an osteoperiosteal flap. This was proximally sutured across the gap in the quadriceps mechanism. Eighteen months postoperatively there was no extension lag with knee range of motion of 0 degrees-125 degrees and good power. PMID- 7371292 TI - Spontaneous and simultaneous rupture of both quadriceps tendons. AB - The seventh case known to be reported in the literature on simultaneous rupture of both quadriceps tendons occurred in a 60-year-old man with diabetes mellitus. The patient was treated by surgical repair of both tendon ruptures with a satisfactory return of function. Diabetes mellitus may be a predisposing condition for the bilateral rupture, but does not prevent either the tendon or wound from healing. PMID- 7371295 TI - Ligamentous injuries of the knee. PMID- 7371294 TI - Operative treatment of spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents with tight hamstrings syndrome. AB - Of 10 patients with spondylolisthesis of the fifth lumbar vertebra, 8 had characteristic tight hamstrings syndrome, and 4 showed a Grade IV slip. Sciatic pain was present in all cases. In 5 there were also signs of compression of the first sacral root. In 4 cases impaired pattern of walking was the first symptom. Extraperitoneal anterior interbody fusion was performed in 9 cases. Laminectomy was combined with posterior fusion in one. Posterior fusion alone was performed in another. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 14 years. All patients were free from symptoms at the last follow-up examination and they had normal living patterns and physical activities. Fusion was obtained in every case. There were no complications in this series, except for one fatigue fracture of the neural arch of the vertebra one level above fusion, discovered at 6 months after the operation; this patient has had no symptoms in a period of time of 14 years since the operation. The above described excellent results of anterior fusion without reduction raises questions as to the necessity of extensive major surgical interventions to obtain operative reduction of the displacement in patients, even with Grade IV spondylolisthesis. PMID- 7371296 TI - A new method of shoulder reduction in the elderly. AB - A new method of reduction of shoulder dislocation has been employed in 35 elderly patients with excellent results. The surgeon stands behind the seated patient and inserts his flexed forearm into the axilla of the affected shoulder. His free hand applies traction on the flexed forearm of the patient. The surgeon's forearm pulls in a proximal and lateral direction and levers the head of the humerus into the socket. The method is relatively atraumatic, provides more direct control of the limb and applies more effective forces than the Kocher, Stimson, or hippocratic maneuvers. PMID- 7371297 TI - Clostridial myonecrosis following intra-articular steroid injection. AB - Fatal clostridial myonecrosis occurred in a 65-year-old man after intra-articular injection of steroids to the shoulder joint. Clinical evidence of the possibility of clostridial infection is sufficient reason to initiate treatment. The opportunity to save a life may be lost by waiting for paraclinical data for definitive diagnosis to initiate treatment. "Surgical skin prep" for every intra articular injection is a preventive measure. Increasing joint pain after intraarticular injection should be considered a serious complaint and requires careful clinical follow-up observations. PMID- 7371298 TI - The role of surgery in the management of closed injuries to the brachial plexus. AB - Complete brachial plexus lesions occur infrequently and have until recently been treated by amputation followed by fitting of a prosthesis. The results of such treatment are unsatisfactory. Recently, surgical repair of the plexus has been reintroduced; our experience with complete brachial plexus lesions treated by exploration and nerve grafts are as follows. Early surgical repair of the plexus does produce reasonable results, while late repair is unrewarding. The future of the management of brachial plexus lesions lies in early diagnosis and exploration of these lesions. In medical institutions with personnel interested in the problem of brachial plexus injury, further surgical research is bound to lead to new and improved treatment. PMID- 7371299 TI - Fracture of the acromion associated with an axillary nerve deficit: a case report and review of the literature. AB - Fractures of the scapula are rare injuries, and fractures of the acromion comprise only a small percentage of this group. An unusual fracture through the base of the acromion with an acromioclavicular separation is described in this paper. The segmental acromial injury had an associated isolated axillary nerve deficit to deltoid muscle. The above-described 51-year-old patient is presented to make the clinician aware of potential neurologic complications associated with acromial fractures. PMID- 7371300 TI - Arm wrestler's injury: report of seven cases. AB - Seven cases of fractures of the humerus from arm wrestling included 2 types of fractures. Two were spiral fractures of the humeral shaft with large butterfly fragments at the junction of the middle and distal one third caused by a violent uncoordinated muscular action. Five were fractures of the medial epicondyle of the humerus as a result of a sudden blow to the elbow. In all 7 cases, the fractures healed and arm function returned to normal. PMID- 7371301 TI - The non-operative management of collateral ligament injuries of the knee joint. AB - Severe knee ligament injuries are frequently underestimated, and this results in later problems of chronic instability. A history of an appropriate mechanism coupled with immediate reduction in function should arouse suspicion of a major disruption. Examination with the patient under anesthesia may be required to assess the extent of the injury. If the lesion is an isolated collateral tear, the intact cruciate ligaments prevent wide displacement. Such an injury can be managed non-operatively. A long leg plaster at 90 degrees for 2 weeks followed by 4 weeks in a cast brace with motion from 45 degrees to 100 degrees is recommended. The knee is then protected in a brace during athletic activities for approximately 6 months. Thirty collateral ligament tears have been managed in this fashion. Only one has significant residual complaints. It is emphasized that an isolated collateral ligament tear is a positive diagnosis, and associated cruciate lesions must be ruled out. The recovery is faster in those patients managed non-operatively than in those who have surgical repair. There has not been a problem with late instability. PMID- 7371303 TI - Tophaceous gout involving the proximal interphalangeal joint. AB - The extensor mechanism at the proximal interphalangeal joint may be severly damaged by expanding tophaceous deposits. Tophectomy and reconstruction of the extensor tendon is beneficial in patients who respond poorly to medical therapy. PMID- 7371302 TI - Occupational stress fracture in an unusual location: report of a case in the distal end of the shaft of the radius. AB - A 47-year-old man suffered sudden pain in his right forearm after stapling papers continuously for 3 to 4 hours a day for 3 consecutive weeks. Clinical and roentgenologic investigations revealed a tender local periosteal reaction in the distal end of the radius suggestive of a stress fracture. Follow-up investigation observations 6 years after the injury showed no unusual abnormality. To the best of our knowledge, a case of stress fracture of the distal end of the radius has not been previously reported. PMID- 7371306 TI - Results of infected total hip replacement arthroplasty. AB - Postoperative infection following total hip replacement and the complications associated with the treatment regimens are unsolved problems. The long term results of resection arthroplasties for infection in the older, debilitated individuals are poor insofar as patients may be destined to be either on crutches or bedfast for the duration of their lives. PMID- 7371304 TI - Cauda equina syndrome presenting as a herniated lumbar disk. AB - Cauda Equina Compression (CEC) is a clinical syndrome consisting of low back pain, bilateral sciatica, saddle anesthesia, bilateral lower extremity weakness, and even frank paraplegia with bowel and bladder incontinence. At the onset of CEC, the clinical picture may resemble typical intervertebral disk disease with low back pain and unilateral sciatica. The back pain is severe, overshadowing the leg pain, and should alert the physician to the periodic evaluation of the patient and evidence of a progressive neurologic deficit. Early discovery of CEC is necessary if neurologic recovery is to be expected from decompressive laminectomy. PMID- 7371305 TI - Septic hip in pelvic fractures with urologic injury: a case report, review of the literature and discussion of the pathophysiology. AB - In patients with fractures of the pubic rami and acetabulum and a rupture of the bladder or urethra, there is a risk of septic arthritis developing in the traumatized hip. Infected material from the lacerated urinary tract can communicate by a fistulous tract with the hip joint. Since the symptoms of hip infection in this setting would differ significantly from acute hematogenous septic arthritis, the attending physician must be alert to this possibility for early diagnosis to be made and appropriate treatment instituted. Every attempt should be made to maintain the sterility of the urine throughout the course of treatment, in the hope of preventing the delayed sequelae of unrecognized hip infection. The possibility of this complication must be anticipated to prevent early joint destruction. PMID- 7371307 TI - Mechanical loosening of the femoral head prosthesis in the Charnley total hip arthroplasty. AB - In 288 Charnley total hip arthroplasties, without sign of infection, loosening of the femoral component, defined as a radiolucent zone between the proximal lateral edge of the prosthesis and the cement, was recorded in 103 cases, or 36%. The zone usually occurred within a few years after the operation. The progression was most obvious in the first 2 years. Three-fourths of the hips with radiolucent zones were free of symptoms, but symptoms developed as the zone increased in thickness. Of hips with a zone 4 mm or more, half were painful and 8 hips have so far been replaced. Male sex, previous hip surgery, and improper cementing were more frequent in hips with signs of loosening, whereas body weight, diagnosis or the position of the prosthesis could not be demonstrated to influence loosening. PMID- 7371308 TI - Total knee dislocation due to rotatory malalignment of tibial component: a case report. AB - Dislocation of a total condylar knee replacement occurred because of rotatory malposition of the tibial component. The dislocation was evaluated by open operation and in the laboratory. It can be prevented by: directing the tibial component at the tibial tubercle; not using the posterior edge of the tibia to align the tibial component; recognizing the "contradictory rotation" of the tibia. At operation the tibia externally rotates with flexion and lateral patellar dislocation for exposure. However, the screw-home mechanism in normal gait causes the tibia to internally rotate with flexion. This difference of rotation increases the likelihood of dislocation. Other problems caused by rotatory malposition of the tibial component are: patellar subluxation in a hinged knee prostheses; patellar malalignment, patellar pain and possible prosthetic patellar loosening; abnormal eccentric loading of the tibial component and subsequent tibial-component loosening in all knee prostheses. PMID- 7371309 TI - Knee arthroscopy: a follow-up of patients initially not recommended for further surgery. AB - Arthroscopy alone was carried out on 110 patients. The status of 97 of these patients was determined after a follow-up period of 17 months (average time) after arthroscopy. Eighty patients had no further surgery while 17 did. Four procedures were meniscectomy owing to a missed diagnosis. Arthroscopy was considered to be 96% accurate in determining the need for surgical treatment. Chondromalacia, though easily recognized by arthroscopy, is predominantly a clinical decision for surgical intervention. PMID- 7371310 TI - Induction of osteoarthrosis in the rabbit knee joint: biochemical studies on the articular cartilage. AB - Measurements of uptake in vivo of 3H-proline into 3H-hydroxyproline demonstrate that cartilage surfaces in rabbit knees with surgically induced osteoarthrosis (up to 3 months after operation) incorporated 2 to 5 times more activity into collagen than cartilage of control knees. The high uptake indicates that collagen synthesis was stimulated severalfold. In the lateral compartment of the experimental knee, which did not develop lesions, the 3H-proline metabolism was also stimulated, but this reaction subsided after 3 months. In the medial compartment, where the focal lesions developed, the stimulation continued. The newly made collagen was predominantly Type II; no evidence was found for a significant production of Type I collagen, even in the focal lesion on the medial tibial plateau more than a year after surgery. By radiochemical labelling with 3H glucosamine,, an increase in the ratio of 3H-galactosamine to 3H-glucosamine was detected in all cartilage surfaces at intervals of 2-5 weeks after surgery. The increase was associated with the transient synovitis before lesions appeared, but not later. The observations suggest that synovitis and mechanical stresses are both important in inducing osteoarthrotic lesions. PMID- 7371312 TI - Human fetal femoral head sphericity. AB - The question of decreasing sphericity of the human femoral head during fetal growth was investigated with a Talyrond roundness-measuring machine. In 58 pairs of randomly selected femore, from 12 weeks to term, there was a trend for the femoral head to become less round with age and more oval or ellipsoidal in shape. At term a position of best "fit" may exist. No significant laterality or sex differences were found. Restriction of joint motion towards the end of pregnancy may decrease congruency, decrease joint stability, and become a factor in neonatal hip instability. PMID- 7371313 TI - Results of use of the central one-third of the patellar ligament to compensate for anterior cruciate ligament deficiency. AB - In a consecutive series of 91 patients with 92 injured knees in which the anterior cruciate ligament was irrevocably destroyed, 79 were males; 12 were females. After a 7-year interval one male patient had surgery on his other knee. Twenty-five of the knees demonstrated isolated injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament, but the incidence of this lesion may be even greater than recorded here. The anterior cruciate ligament was repaired by a patella ligament reconstruction along with other surgical procedures when indicated. There is no acceptable alternative treatment for surgical repair, or substitution for an acutely torn anterior cruciate ligament in the young patient. In the acute or late injury, if the ligament cannot be repaired with sutures, a substitution procedure is indicated. In 92 knees, including 2 revisions, 9 patients were followed for too short a period to warrant evaluation. In 83 knees, the results were: 59 good; 18 fair; 6 poor. The following 5 surgical complications were encountered: 2 wound infections, 2 poorly placed bone plugs, and one ligament was pinched in the intercondylar notch. Until a more satisfactory technique for substitution for a destroyed anterior cruciate ligament is available, the patellar tendon repair procedure is bound to continue to be a useful as well as relatively simple operation. PMID- 7371314 TI - The lateral pivot shift: a symptom and sign of anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. AB - The lateral pivot shift(LPS) is a special form of lateral compartment instability arising from anterior cruciate insufficiency. It is characterized by anterior subluxation of the tibial plateau out from beneath the lateral femoral condyle. As a consequence of this form of instability, deleterious changes of the knee joint take place, including meniscal tears, and articular cartilage erosions. The eventual result of continued symptomatic instability is late osteoarthritis of the knee. LPS is the most prominent form of instability of the knee in patients complaining of "giving way" of the knee, and recovery from severe soft-tissue injury to the knee joint. PMID- 7371311 TI - The natural history and diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. AB - In 233 knees with anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency the characteristic diagnostic signs and symptoms were: a specific mechanism of injury; an audible "pop" at the time of injury; a positive anterior drawer sign' "giving away"; functional disability; periarticular degenerative changes. Unresolved anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency follows a predictable natural history typified by a course of progressive knee dysfunction and deterioration. The progress of deterioration can be significantly modified or arrested by repair or reconstruction of the injured ligament. PMID- 7371315 TI - The pathogenesis and treatment of anterolateral rotatory instability. AB - This is a report of a surgical technique to secure improved posterior restraining power and to tighten the fibular collateral ligament to a greater degree than the iliotibial band transfer alone. The early results from this lateral repair are superior to those previously reported utilizing the iliotibial band transfer alone. This corroborates Kennedy's observation that the iliotibial band transfer alone may not possess adequate strength for severe forms of lateral tibial plateau subluxation. Reinsertion of the biceps as described above appears to provide requisite additional strength without jeopardizing the iliotibial tract. PMID- 7371316 TI - Extra-articular stabilization of the knee joint for anterior instability. AB - The results after one year or longer were evaluated in 76 patients with extra articular reconstruction for functionally disabling anterior instability of the knee joint. The reconstruction was performed by a modification of the Ellison procedure for treatment of anterolateral rotatory instability. The various superimposed components of knee instability were managed by a variety of methods. Postoperatively,objective stability correlated well with subjective improvement. Patients with 2+ or greater anterior instability preoperatively had disappointing results in both subjective symptoms and objective signs. although extra-articular reconstruction may be sufficient for lesser grades of functionally disabling instability, knees with grade 2-3+ instability may require direct anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in addition to the extra-articular surgical procedure. PMID- 7371317 TI - Combined anterolateral-anteromedial rotatory instability of the knee. PMID- 7371318 TI - Combined instabilities of the knee. AB - A knee with a combination of instabilities in very difficult to restore to a completely stable condition. The ligamentous structure of the knee is a functional unit. Laxity in any of the planes of the knee motion can produce increased stretching and stress to the structures, which help to provide stability in the other planes. Since it is almost impossible to restore the knee to the pre-injury state, residual laxity in different planes of motion is going to produce increasing stress to the other components, which may have been restored to a greater degree of stability. This emphasizes the importance of a good muscular rehabilitation program and a dynamic component to knee reconstructive procedures to protect against this eventuality. Passive laxity, if present, should not be taken as a sign of failure of the procedure. Often the patient's assessment of his functional capabilities have improved after the reconstructive procedures. PMID- 7371320 TI - Injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament: diagnosis and treatment of early injuries and reconstruction of late instability. AB - Division of the posterior cruciate ligament in amputation specimens enables one to classify injuries as: (a) isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries with or without damage of the posterior capsule; or (b) injuries of the posterior cruciate ligament plus lateral and/or medial structures which may be associated with stretching or tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament. The mechanism of injury to the posterior cruciate ligament is by: (a) anteroposterior force on the front of the flexed knee; (b) hyperextension of the joint; (c) posteriorly directed rotatory injuries. Early diagnosis is essential and may require general anesthesia to elicit the posterior drawer sign, and to accurately assess the other ligamentous and bony structures. Chronic injuries can be repaired by using the tendons of gracilis and semitendinosus. PMID- 7371319 TI - Knee joint structure and function. PMID- 7371321 TI - The posterolateral drawer test and external rotational recurvatum test for posterolateral rotatory instability of the knee. AB - Posterolateral drawer tests and external rotational recurvatum tests are used to detect posterolateral rotatory instability. A specific manner of performance of these tests is necessary to properly interpret the nature of acute and chronic knee conditions. The posterolateral drawer test is performed at 80 degrees of knee flexion and is maximum in 15 degrees of external rotation. Since the posterior cruciate ligament is intact in posterolateral rotatory instability, the posterior drawer will be negative on maximum internal tibial rotation. Fibrous scar tissue may conceal an otherwise positive posterolateral drawer sign in the chronic condition. The external rotational recurvatum test examines the knee in extension. Tightness and spasm of the biceps femoris and semimembranosus may obscure a positive external rotational recurvatum test in the acute or chronic condition. The external rotational recurvatum test will be negative when the anteromedial and intermediate bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament are intact owing to their contact with the intercondylar shelf in extension. The posterolateral drawer and the external rotational recurvatum can be subtle tests and require careful observation for accurate evaluation of both the acute or chronic condition of the knee joint. PMID- 7371322 TI - The challenge of prosthetic cruciate ligament replacement. AB - Prosthetic replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament has become very important because of the failure of late reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Models of prostheses have failed, because they have never met the functional, physiologic and biomechanical characteristics of the normal anterior cruciate ligament. Studying the biomechanical characteristics of the normal anterior cruciate ligament, we have found that normal cruciate ligaments have measurable strength, yield points and ultimate tensile strength and show remarkable elasticity. We have also found that cruciate ligaments change their length during normal flexion/extension, and go through a limited elastic non plastic deformation. We have devised a composite prosthesis, made of a compressible inner core around which a non-elastic fiber is woven in a helical fashion, with a predetermined angle. The construction has the essential characteristics of the normal ligament. PMID- 7371325 TI - [High molecular weight fibrinogen in the plasma of patients with cerebral thrombosis and its pathophysiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371323 TI - [A case of homocystinuria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371324 TI - [Metal analysis in CNS tissue of ALS case--related to the high content of heavy metals in his drinking water (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371326 TI - [Studies on the scoliosis of Parkinsonism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371328 TI - [Diagnostic value of F-wave conduction velocity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371327 TI - [A case of myelitis complicating Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371329 TI - [Chronic polymyositis with electrophysiological characteristics of myasthenia gravis and myasthenic syndrome. A case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371331 TI - [A case of Lindau' disease in the family tree (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371332 TI - The painful hip prosthesis: value of nuclear imaging in the diagnosis of late complications. AB - Loosening of the prosthesis and infection are the most common late complications of the Charnley low friction arthroplasty. A noninvasive diagnostic approach to the symptomatic patient, using plain radiographs and nuclear imaging with a bone imaging agent, is presented. Nuclear imaging is a more sensitive indicator than plain radiography, but the two studies supplement each other. The nuclear study may be positive when radiographs are normal and in no patient with loosening was the nuclear image normal. In the presence of a normal nuclear image and a normal radiograph, there is an extremely small probability that either complication is present. PMID- 7371330 TI - [A case of dermatomyositis associated with Weber-Christian disease and hyperlipidemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371333 TI - EKG gated first-transit radionuclide angiocardiography. AB - Radioisotopic assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and wall motion has previously required either EKG gated blood pool imaging or nongated single transit angiography. A simplified technique involving EKG gated image acquisition during the first cardiac transit of an isotope bolus was evaluated in 36 patients and compared to results obtained from EKG gated blood pool imaging and contrast ventriculography. The method required rapid intravenous injection of 20 mCi of any Tc-99m agent. EKG gated scintillation camera data collection was started after activity entered the left ventricle and resulted in simultaneous acquisition of end-diastolic and end-systolic images on a dedicated computer system. Thus, images representing summed intervals from eight to ten beats were immediately available for calculation of ejection fraction and subjective evaluation of wall motion. Ejection fraction from the gated first-pass images using the area length method was well correlated (r = .95, P less than .001) but tended to be slightly underestimated when compared to contrast values. Abnormal wall motion was identified with a sensitivity of 92%, a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 95%. When compared to EKG gated blood pool imaging, inferior wall motion abnormalities, in particular, were more evident on the first-pass study. This method provided simple and accurate assessment of ejection fraction and wall motion and appears to be a useful technique for the noninvasive assessment of left ventricular function. PMID- 7371334 TI - Functional asplenia in Sezary syndrome. AB - A case of functional asplenia revealed by radiocolloid scanning is reported in a patient suffering from Sezary syndrome, a lymphoma of cutaneous origin. Heavy, diffuse sinusoidal infiltration of the spleen by the Sezary cells appears to be responsible for the functional asplenia in this case. PMID- 7371335 TI - Use of immediate static scans in combination with radionuclide cerebral angiography as a confirmatory test in the diagnosis of brain death. AB - Using a portable scintillation camera in combination with a portable computer, bedside acquisition of immediate static images in combination with a dynamic radionuclide cerebral angiogram can be quickly and safely performed as a confirmatory test in the diagnosis of brain death. Confusion in the differentiation of extracerebral from intracerebral flow on the dynamic radionuclide angiogram can be accomplished by identifying the presence or absence of uptake in the cerebral sinuses. Absence of intracerebral circulation on the dynamic radionuclide cerebral angiogram in combination with the lack of uptake in cerebral sinuses confirms the lack of intracerebral flow and can be used as confirmatory evidence of a diagnosis of brain death. PMID- 7371336 TI - Sensitivity of radionuclide brain imaging and computerized transaxial tomography in detecting subdural hematoma. AB - In a series of 23 patients with surgically proven subdural hematoma of durations ranging between two days to seven months, the detection rate of Tc-99m pertechnetate brain imaging was higher than computerized transaxial tomography (CT). With dynamic perfusion scanning, the detection rate was 71.5%. However, when combined with sequential static images obtained at 10 minutes, 2 hours and 3 -4 hours, the detection rate rose to 92% regardless of the duration of the disease. In contrast, CT demonstrated the hematoma in 52% of the cases. In another 28% the diagnosis was suggested through nonconclusive evidence or presence of contralateral shift of midline structures. Lastly, the result of CT scanning was dependent on the size of the subdural hematoma as evaluated at the time of operation. PMID- 7371338 TI - Scintiangiographic diagnosis of acute mesenteric vascular occlusion. AB - The scintiangiographic abnormalities associated with acute mesenteric vascular occlusion in a child are described. The examination demonstrated absence of mesenteric vascular perfusion and arterialization of the liver. The scintiangiographic examination was instrumental in the patient's management. PMID- 7371339 TI - Some special views in bone scanning. AB - Radionuclide bone scanning may sometimes demonstrate increased focal lesions with more or less symmetrical patterns. In the femoral neck, ribs, and axillary margins of the scapulae, these lesions may indicate pseudofractures. In the pelvis, irregular activity of the bladder may cause problems in differentiating between bladder diverticula and pelvic lesions. The routine use of imaging tables and traditional gamma camera views may lead to understating certain scintigraphic patterns and/or diagnosing these as metastatic disease. This article emphasizes the importance of certain special views in recognizing these patterns and making the proper diagnosis. PMID- 7371340 TI - An "incomplete rim" sign. PMID- 7371341 TI - The prominent cisterna magna. PMID- 7371337 TI - A comparison of Tc-99m-labeled human serum albumin and in vitro labeled red blood cells for blood pool studies. AB - A comparison of Tc-99m-labeled human serum albumin (HSA) and in vitro labeled red blood cells (RBC) was carried out in five subjects. The disappearance of radioactivity from the blood was more rapid for HSA (T 1/2, 281.6 minutes, range 202.1--318.3) than for RBC (T 1/2, 1719.8 minutes, range 767.6--5059.5). Urinary excretion was twice as great for HSA. Ratios of activity in heart blood pool to lung and liver were considerably greater for RBC up to 2 hours after administration. The results indicate that labeled RBC are superior to labeled HSA for blood pool imaging. PMID- 7371342 TI - Uretero-colic fistula: diagnosis on a bone scan. PMID- 7371343 TI - Ga-67 or In-111 white blood cell scans for abscess detection: a case for In-111. PMID- 7371344 TI - Unusual scintigraphic appearance of osteomyelitis secondary to atypical mycobacterium. AB - A Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate study in a 41-year-old man demonstrated multiple regions of intense activity in the appendicular and axial skeleton, characteristic of metastatic disease. However, bone biopsy demonstrated atypical mycobacterium osteomyelitis; there was no evidence of neoplasm. PMID- 7371346 TI - Bone scans in bone metastases from functioning thyroid carcinoma. AB - Sixty percent of differentiated thyroid carcinoma bone metastases identified by local radioactive iodide uptake and radiographic changes were negative in the bone scans. Another 20% of the bony metastases showed only a minimal increased uptake of bone imaging radionuclides. It is concluded that the bone scan is not a useful tool in the work-up for metastatic thyroid cancer. PMID- 7371347 TI - Photon-deficient area on bone scan secondary to pseudocyst of the pancreatic tail. PMID- 7371345 TI - Acute subendocardial myocardial infarction: its detection by Tc-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy. AB - Sixty-two patients hospitalized because of prolonged chest pain and initial electrocardiographic (ECG) changes of ST depression and T-wave inversion suggestive of acute subendocardial myocardial infarction were evaluated to determine the ability of Tc-99m-stannous pyrophosphate mycardial scintigraphy to detect the presence or absence of acute subendocardial myocardial necrosis. Three groups of patients were designated. Group A consisted of eight patients (13%) who developed reduction of R-waves of more than 25% or new Q-waves broader than 0.03 seconds; of these patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction, all had well-localized, abnormal scintigrams. Group B consisted of 30 patients with ECG changes and subsequent enzymatic documentation, including elevated serum creatine kinase-B levels as determined by radioimmunoassay, of the presence of acute subendocardial myocardial infarction. Of these, 27 had abnormal scintigrams, including 18 with well-localized patterns and nine with "poorly localized" patterns. Group C consisted of 24 patients (39%) with chest pain, but without enzymatic documentation of the presence of acute myocardial infarction (acute coronary insufficiency). Eight of these had abnormal scintigrams, including one with a well-localized pattern and seven with "poorly localized" patterns. In four of the latter, the scintigrams were "persistently positive" several weeks to months after a previous myocardial infarct. Serial myocardial imaging will be necessary to identify such patients. PMID- 7371351 TI - Neonatal hypothermia in a developing country. AB - Fifty newborn Iraqi children with hypothermia were studied to determine causes and incidence of the precipitating factors. The majority of infants more than three days old (late-onset) had evidence of infection, particularly septicemia. The overall mortality rate was 26 per cent--(42 per cent in low birth weight infants (LBW). Early-onset hypothermia in the first three days of life is due to exposure to cold without evidence of infection and has a good prognosis. The most common finding in our series was a high incidence of aspiration pneumonia in late onset hypothermia. Antibiotics effective against Escherichia coli, such as gentamicin, should be given from the outset to all patients with late-onset hypothermia without waiting for laboratory proof of infection. PMID- 7371349 TI - Maintenance of ambulation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The role of the orthopedic surgeon. AB - As the processes of pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy advance, contractures about joints in the lower extremities progress until an unstable base of support secondary to equinovarus and weakened pelvic balance produced by hip flexion prohibit ambulation. Properly timed surgery and bracing have helped some patients to extend significantly their ability to ambulate. Because severe weakness can result from prolonged restraint, operative procedures must permit immediate mobilization without fear of excessive pain or wound dehiscence. The primary aims of surgery are to maintain standing balance and prolong independent ambulation. Conditions requiring surgical correction are lower extremity flexion contracture, metatarsus adductus, and rigid forefoot equinocavovarus. Techniques designed to improve these deformities and permit early postoperative mobilization include subcutaneous release of contracted tendons and percutaneous removal of cancellous bone with corrective manipulation of the feet. Postoperative plastic bracing enhances balance through mild knee flexion and ischial seating. Maintenance of the upright posture extends the ability of these patients to attend to their tasks of daily living. In addition, these techniques offer a method of prolonging ambulation in the patient with pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy. In so doing, confinement to a wheelchair with its inevitable downhill course may be significantly postponed. PMID- 7371350 TI - A comparative study of the old tuberculin tine test and the PPD-tine test. AB - Forty-one children suspected of having tuberculosis were simultaneously given an intermediate strength Mantoux test, an old tuberculin tine test (OT), and a purified protein derivative (PPD) tine test. Each test was read at 48 hours, and the largest diameter of induration was recorded. Twenty-nine patients had a positive reaction to the Mantoux test, 20 patients had a positive reaction to the OT tine test, and 16 patients had a positive reaction to the PPD-tine test. There were seven instances of a doubtful reaction to the OT tine test and nine to the PPD-tine test. Two children with positive Mantoux tests had negative OT tine tests, and four with positive Mantoux tests had negative PPD-tine test reactions. There was a significant difference between the number of positive reactors to the Mantoux test and both tine tests. If all tine test reactions of 2 mm or more were considered positive (doubtful plus positive reactors), there was no significant difference between any of the tuberculin tests. All suggestively positive tine reactors should, therefore, be retested with a Mantoux test to avoid false negative interpretation of the tines. PMID- 7371348 TI - Radionuclide imaging in hip abnormalities. AB - The uptake of Tc-99m-diphosphonate was studied topographically and quantitatively on 258 diseased hips. For many diseased hips, bone scintigraphy provides items of information that complement the clinical, radiological, and biological data, with which it should always be compared. The localization, extent, and intensity of the uptake differ greatly according to the hip disorder studied, and depend not only on the cause of the lesion but also on its stage of evolution. Bone scintigraphy can shed light on the etiologic diagnosis of a painful hip at the beginning of its evolution, before definite roentgenographic signs appear, thanks to some very precise characteristics of the uptake, this is the case for transient osteoporosis of the hip, aseptic osteonecrosis, Legg-Perthes disease, early arthritis of the hip joint, and stress fractures of the femoral neck or of the pubic rami. PMID- 7371352 TI - Nasojejunal feedings in infants with increased intracranial pressure. AB - A relatively common complication in preterm infants is intracranial hemorrhage, which is often followed by increased intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus. Shunt procedures must often be delayed because CSF protein and RBCs are increased. Since vomiting often precludes gasric feeding of these infants, we attempted nasojejunal feedings while awaiting the optimal time for shunt insertion. Favorable results were obtained in three infants in whom nasojejunal feedings were utilized. PMID- 7371353 TI - Amantadine: does it have a role in the prevention and treatment of influenza? National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference. PMID- 7371354 TI - Primary health care of mothers and children in the Soviet Union--1979. PMID- 7371355 TI - Gastric polyp of the umbilicus in an 8-year-old boy. AB - A case of unbilical polyp composed of gastric mucosa is reported in a 8-year-old boy. This is an extremely rare lesion probably originating in remnants of the omphalo-enteric duct and mainly diagnosed in the newborn period. Clinically, this polyp should be differentiated from exhuberant proliferation of granulation tissue which represents the granuloma pyogenicum of the umbilical scar. PMID- 7371356 TI - Intussusception of the appendiceal stump. AB - Intussusception of the appendiceal stump is a rare complication of appendectomy. A patient is described in detail and the eighteen previously reported instances are reviewed. Symptoms associated with this entity were abdominal pain (95%), vomiting (47%), blood per rectum (26%), and a palpable abdominal mass (68%). The onset of symptoms occurred within two weeks following appendectomy in 84% of the patients. Barium enema examination was diagnostic in 87.5% of patients in whom it was performed. The diagnosis of intussusception of the appendiceal stump in the postoperative period is difficult because of the nonspecificity of symptoms, the paucity of physical findings, and the intermittent nature of the partial bowel obstruction. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are facilitated by a thorough knownledge of this rare complication of appendectomy. PMID- 7371358 TI - Chronic otitis media. PMID- 7371357 TI - Oral metallic mercury. A folk medicine remedy for gastroenteritis. PMID- 7371359 TI - Plasma protein carbamylation and decreased acidic drug protein binding in uremia. AB - The effects of in vitro carbamylation of plasma with potassium cyanate on drug protein binding have been investigated. Potassium cyanate added to samples of normal plasma and incubated for 30 to 150 min induced time-related plasma protein carbamylation. Carbamylation of plasma did not influence quinidine protein binding, but resulted in decreased salicylate binding. The increased free fraction of salicylate in plasma correlated with the degree of carbamylation of plasma proteins (r = 0.99; p less than 0.001). Plasma from patients with chronic renal disease showed varying degrees of plasma protein carbamylation, correlating with the values of free plasma salicylate (r = 0.80; p less than 0.05). Scatchard plots for sulfadiazine binding in plasma from patients with uremia and in normal plasma carbamylated in vitro with potassium cyanate showed changes in the 2 groups when compared with those in normal individuals. If cyanate is produced in vivo from urea in patients with uremia, plasma protein carbamylation may play a role in the decreased plasma protein binding of some acidic drugs. PMID- 7371360 TI - Relationship between saliva salicylate concentration and free or total salicylate concentration in serum of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7371361 TI - Influence of chronic renal failure and hemodialysis on diflunisal plasma protein binding. AB - Diflunisal protein binding was studied by equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees in plasma from healthy, uremic, and geriatric subjects. Binding data were computer analyzed assuming 2 classes of independent binding sites (Scatchard model). K1, the primary association constant for the diflunisal-albumin interaction, was substantially lower in uremic plasma (2.39 +/- 0.29 x 10(5) M-1) than in normal plasma (6.86 +/- 0.59 x 10(5) M-1). No difference was found between the number of primary diflunisal binding sites (N1) in uremic and normal plasma. In geriatric plasma neither K1 nor N1 differed from the normal values, indicating that decreased diflunisal plasma protein binding in the elderly is a result of lower plasma albumin concentration. Binding studies with plasma from uremic patients during hemodialysis revealed that free diflunisal rose from 0.46 +/- 0.04% at the start to 0.61 +/- 0.06% at the end of dialysis. Plasma free fatty acid concentrations rose similarly. In vitro displacement studies showed that oleic acid is a competitive inhibitor for the binding of diflunisal to human serum albumin. This may explain the decrease in diflunisal plasma binding at the end of hemodialysis treatment. PMID- 7371362 TI - Plasma and urine changes after smoking different brands of cigarettes. AB - Concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) were measured in the plasma of subjects who smoked 1 cigarette of each of 10 different brands and then smoked 1 brand for 2 wk. There were higher COHb levels in smokers of low CO-yield cigarettes, whereas the rise in nicotine after 1 cigarette of each of the different brands was related to its nicotine content. Assay of urinary and plasma cotinine levels in smokers smoking brands with different nicotine content showed that smokers adjusted their smoking habits to maintain a constant level of cotinine. This self-titration of nicotine by the smoker may pose a health hazard even with relatively low nicotine cigarettes. PMID- 7371363 TI - Dependence liability of two antidiarrheals, nufenoxole and loperamide. AB - We compared the dependence liabilities of therapeutic doses of nufenoxole and loperamide. Ten subjects received 10 mg nufenoxole every 12 hr for 10 days, and 9 others received 4 mg loperamide every 12 hr for 10 days. On the eighth day of drug a sensitive single-blind intravenous naloxone challenge was used to assess dependence liability. After 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg naloxone, pupillary constriction (0.618 to 0.540 cm, p less than 0.005) was measured in subjects receiving nufenoxole, whereas slight dilation (0.596 to 0.622 cm, p less than 0.05) was observed in those receiving loperamide. Trapezius electromyogram activity decreased by 30% for nufenoxole and 12% for loperamide. There were slight decreases in core and skin temperatures (0.06 degrees to 0.12 degrees) in both groups, partly attributable to experimental conditions. Changes in physiologic measurements after naloxone were similar in both groups and not of sufficient importance to suggest physical dependence liability for either loperamide or nufenoxole at the doses used. PMID- 7371364 TI - Propoxyphene and norpropoxyphene plasma concentrations in the anephric patient. AB - The widely used analgesic propoxyphene is subject to extensive presystemic (first pass) biotransformation after oral administration. There have been indications that presystemic biotransformation of a drug may be less in anephric patients than in healthy subjects. Plasma concentrations of propoxyphene (a drug with dangerous adverse effects at high concentrations) and its major and pharmacologically active metabolite norpropoxyphene have been compared in 7 anephric patients and 7 healthy subjects after oral administration of a 130-mg dose. Maximum propoxyphene concentrations were much higher (177 +/- 16 vs 81 +/- 35 ng/ml, mean +/- SD, p less than 0.001), and areas under the concentration-time curve over 12 hr were much larger (4,310 +/- 1,520 vs 2,250 +/- 1,050 ng hr/ml, p less than 0.02) in the anephric patients than in the normal subjects. These differences were statistically significant even after normalization for dose per body weight. Norpropoxyphene concentrations were also higher and more persistent in the anephric patients. These differences, which appear to result from decreased presystemic biotransformation of propoxyphene and decreased elimintation of norpropoxyphene, indicate that propoxyphene should be used cautiously and at reduced doses in patients with renal failure. PMID- 7371365 TI - Ticrynafen in anephric patients: effects on uric acid and pharmacokinetics. AB - Ticrynafen was given to 6 anephric patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Ticrynafen was given daily for the 3 days between hemodialyses. Ticrynafen had no effect on the interdialysis rise in serum uric acid levels. Ticrynafen did not accumulate in serum, but levels of metabolites continued to rise over the 3 days. Hemodialysis (5 hr) reduced levels of ticrynafen by 38% but had less effect on metabolite levels. There was no effect on serum cholesterol or triglycerides. PMID- 7371366 TI - Plasma levels and urinary excretion of vidarabine after repeated dosing. AB - Vidarabine (Vira-A) was given intravenously for 5 days to 5 immunosuppressed patients with herpes zoster. The daily dose, 10 mg/kg, was given by slow infusion over 12 hr. Blood samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hr on days 1, 3, and 5. Twenty-four-hour urine specimens were collected before treatment and on days 1, 3, and 5. Blood and urine specimens were assayed for vidarabine and its principal metabolite, hypoxanthine arabinoside (ara-Hx), by high pressure liquid chromatography. The results showed that vidarabine is quickly deaminated; virtually all of the drug present in the plasma and urine was in the form of ara Hx. The highest plasma level, approximately 3 microgram/ml, was at the end of the infusion period. The urinary excretion of ara-Hx accounted for between 40% and 50% of the dose. The renal clearance values varied, but were close to the expected glomerular filtration rate of 125 ml/min. The plasma levels and the excretion levels were much the same on days 1, 3, and 5, indicating that drug did not cumulate. The results of the study were consistent with those observed in single-dose studies. The results indicated that the infusion of vidarabine is clinically appropriate, since therapeutic plasma levels are reached promptly, drug is rapidly excreted, and there is no cumulation. PMID- 7371368 TI - Phenytoin kinetics in children. AB - Infants and children taking phenytoin by mouth every 12 hr had relatively little fluctuations in serum levels measured every 4 hr after a dose. As the average level rose, the relative fluctuation in level was reduced, consistent with nonlinear elimination kinetics. Levels 8 hr after the dose had the least variability and were 104% of the average level over the 12-hr period. PMID- 7371367 TI - Bioavailability and kinetics of maprotiline. AB - Six male subjects received simultaneously single 50-mg oral doses of a maprotiline hydrochloride tablet and a trideuterated maprotiline hydrochloride aqueous solution. No side effects or other problems were encountered. The blood levels of unlabeled and isotope-labeled maprotiline for each subject were essentially superimposable. Peak levels, averaging about 50 ng/ml, were attained between 8 and 24 hr after drug. The biologic t1/2 (beta-phase) averaged 58 hr for the unlabeled and 60.5 hr for the labeled drug. The total areas under the curves (extended to time infinity) averaged 3,862 and 3,944 ng . hr/ml for maprotiline and trideuterated maprotiline, respectively (differences between the two are not significant). At the 95% degree of confidence the Westlake confidence limits show less than 10% differences between the formulations with respect to area under the curve data (calculated both to 168 hr and extended to time infinity), peak blood levels, and biologic t1/2s. There were no differences between formulations with respect to times of peak concentrations. Estimates were made for apparent volumes of distribution (about 1,000 l), apparent blood clearance (about 14 l/hr), lag times (about 1.42 hr for tablets and 1.31 hr for solution), and absorption rate constants (about 0.34 hr-1 for the tablets and 0.42 hr-1 for the solution). PMID- 7371369 TI - Notes of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Report of Task Force on Clinical Pharmacology Certification. PMID- 7371371 TI - Private initiative in quality assurance. PMID- 7371370 TI - Choice Care in shutdown. PMID- 7371374 TI - Radiation: what do we know about it? PMID- 7371372 TI - Bipartite carpal navicular. Case report and discussion. PMID- 7371375 TI - Childbirth and the law. PMID- 7371378 TI - Posthypnotic amnesia for recently learned material: interactions with "episodic" and "semantic" memory. PMID- 7371377 TI - Integrating information across eye movements. PMID- 7371376 TI - Primary versus secondary rehearsal in imagined voices: differential effects on recognition. PMID- 7371379 TI - Components of geometric analogy solution. PMID- 7371373 TI - Sleep hypoxemia. Growing clinical awareness. PMID- 7371380 TI - Task force report: the macroenvironment and community mental health. AB - The U.S. President's Commission on Mental Health (1978) has called for a broader conception of mental health and the factors that influence it. The "macro"-social environment is emerging as one area of concern. The influence of two macroenvironmental domains, the physical and economic, on several areas of human functioning is documented in this article. Topics in the physical domain include noise and crowding; and in the economic domain, socio-economic status, unemployment, and economic change. The implications of this research for community mental health practice is described. PMID- 7371382 TI - Task force report: sociophysical settings and mental health: opportunities for mental health services planning. AB - President Kennedy's "bold new approach" remains compelling 15 years after it was first announced. Mental health services at the community level have come a long way since the community mental health center program's establishment in 1963. Mental health manpower, advances in treatment technology, and volumes of service all have grown remarkably; but much still remains to be done to integrate community mental health services into the communities they serve in the planning of human services generally, and particularly in emphasis on preventive care. The National Council of Community Mental Health Centers Environmental Assessment Task Force has two closely related charges in these latter areas. First, to inquire into the "environmental" aspects of mental health at the community level; and, second, to explore environmental perspectives for the establishment of prevention initiatives in the delivery of services. This paper explores that charge by seeking a perspective on environment that traces the intersection of the built environment and social-interpersonal behavior with special attention to the implications for mental well-being. Implications of this perspective for community mental health center roles in community planning are considered, with reference to the establishment of preventive services. PMID- 7371383 TI - Task force report: the social climate of mental health. AB - This paper focuses on the contributions the field of social ecology can make to understanding and assessing the social environment, with special reference to the prevention of mental illness. Intervention in the social environment for mental illness prevention calls for an adequate concept of the environmental effects of mental health; a classification method for measuring and comparing different environments; a knowledge of the relationships between environmental variables and behavioral or psychological outcomes; and a way of determining the most effective interventions. PMID- 7371381 TI - Task force report: social networks as mediators of social support: an analysis of the effects and determinants of social networks. AB - The intent of this paper is to present a representative, though not exhaustive, overview of the current literature on social networks, with an emphasis on research linking social networks to psychological adaptation. This overview includes a review of social network concepts; and analysis of the multiple determinants of social networks; an analysis of the varied effects of social networks; and the implications for policies and practices of community mental health centers. This paper adopts the view that the concept of social network is a useful tool in examining both the functional and the dysfunctional influences of one's primary group on individual adaption. PMID- 7371385 TI - Educational therapy in a community mental health center. AB - The existence of serious psychosocial problems in adults caused by or strongly associated with various learning and educational difficulties has not been given sufficient attention by mental health programs. This paper discusses the nature, assessment, and amelioration of these problems through an educational therapy program located in a community mental health center. Educational therapy is essential for these adults because unless their learning and educational difficulties are corrected, no amount of psychotherapy by itself will fully resolve their psychosocial problems. PMID- 7371384 TI - Task force report: National Council of Community Mental Health Centers Task Force on Environmental Assessment. AB - This paper discusses the background and aims of the National Council of Community Mental Health Centers (NCCMHC) Task Force on Environmental Assessment and introduces the next four papers in this issue, which are products of the Task Force's work. The charge of the Task Force was to show the relationship between environmental variables and behavioral outcomes for the field of prevention of mental illness; to cite directions in research in environmental assessment with application to the field of prevention of mental illness; to review and evaluate the tools and methods used to assess environments, with a focus on social environments; and to work toward the development of assessment tools relevant to the field of mental health. PMID- 7371391 TI - A simple computational method for reducing streak artifacts in CT images. PMID- 7371386 TI - The role of abdominal computed tomography in the management of testicular tumours. PMID- 7371387 TI - Computed tomography of the kidneys. PMID- 7371389 TI - Computed tomography and acetabular trauma. PMID- 7371388 TI - Computed tomography evaluation of the poorly or nonvisualized kidney. PMID- 7371390 TI - On the impact of CT scanning on radiotherapy planning. PMID- 7371393 TI - Introduction to an evaluation of art therapy. AB - An analysis of questionary data leads to an assessment of the actual role of art as a form of therapy. Art therapy seems mainly to be used as a form of occupational therapy and as a tool for clinical diagnosis. Only in a few cases is art therapy applied in a different way, taking into account the patient as a subject with his own biography and his own existential problems. Animation and other similar methods may represent an alternative approach. PMID- 7371392 TI - [The role of the psychiatrist under different cultural conditions. A comparison between Germany and Japan]. AB - The psychiatrist's role and its preconditions in Japan and Germany are described. Proceedings from different cultural, historical and psychological conditions, it is shown that, in a similar technological environment, substantially more traditional ideas and means of therapy have been preserved in Japan than in Germany. Similar biographical experiences of patient and doctor in Japan create an a priori basis of understanding, which facilitates the start of therapy. Cultural consistency and group cohesion and their influence on psychotherapy and mutual dependency of doctor and patient are discussed. PMID- 7371394 TI - Triggering of altered states of consciousness as group event: a new case from Yucatan. AB - According to prevailing theory, crisis cults, with all members of a group entering an altered state of consciousness (ASC) simultaneously, will arise only as a result of significant social unrest. An observation from Yucatan lends support to a contrary view. In this brief cult, 20 men, women, and children did not eat, drink, or sleep, speaking and singing in glossolalia instead. The episode was terminated with outside help from men who had experienced a similar outbreak 3 years before. Apparently there exists an ASC readiness in any given population which can be triggered by minimal stimulation, unrelated to deprivation, acculturation, or other social stress. PMID- 7371395 TI - [Reintegration of collective inhibitions. Mark Prent's "Esthetics of ugliness" from the medical and psychosocial point of view]. AB - In the light of sculptures by the Canadian Mark Prent a comment is made on the 'Esthetics of Ugliness' from the medical and socio-psychological point of view. The focal point of interest lies in the interaction between the work and the onlooker. The onlooker's concern with the problem of the 'Esthetics of Ugliness' is considered as a possibility of understanding better and, therefore, preventing or as the case may be curing mental disorders of the individual and society as well as the impedding and even disease-causing factors in human relations. PMID- 7371397 TI - Myocardial contusion: a review of a case of transient bifascicular block. PMID- 7371396 TI - Current experiences with the management of paraesophageal hernias. PMID- 7371399 TI - Micro determination of blood lead: reliability for mass screening of children. PMID- 7371398 TI - The ubiquitous phlebolith. PMID- 7371400 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: interventional radiology. PMID- 7371401 TI - The systemic therapy of urologic cancer. PMID- 7371403 TI - Robbins vs. medical staff physicians and hospital. PMID- 7371404 TI - Legal aspects of accreditation. PMID- 7371402 TI - Antenatal diagnosis. Sponsored by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. PMID- 7371405 TI - Deaconess Hospital: "no smoking". PMID- 7371406 TI - Physicians' obligations to maintain privacy and confidentiality I: General considerations. PMID- 7371407 TI - Effects of contraceptive steroids on serum lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease scrutinized at workshop in Bethesda. PMID- 7371408 TI - The pharmacokinetics of a large (3 mg) oral dose of ethynylestradiol in women. AB - Plasma levels of ethynylestradiol (EE), EE sulphate (EES), EE glucuronide (EEG) and prolactin were measured in women up to 72 h following the oral administration of 3 mg of EE. The decline in plasma EE levels showed a sharp discontinuity at 10 h which is assumed to be due to the beginning of enterohepatic circulation (EHC). After this event, an apparently terminal monoexponential decline was eventually established with a half-life of 13.1 h. As a result of EHC, the volume of distribution was increased by 60% to 6.0 1.Kg-1 but it does not appear that any significant accumulation of EE would occur during multiple dosing. Plasma levels of EES were, on average, 22.5 times greater than those of EE and this circulating metabolite may act as a reservoir of EE. No circulating EEG could be detected. Comparing these results with those previously obtained with 50 microgram EE, there was no evidence of dose dependency in the pharmacokinetics of this steroid. Plasma prolactin levels were markedly enhanced by this single dose of oestrogen. PMID- 7371409 TI - The influence of scrotal heating prior to vasectomy on sperm granuloma formation and testicular activity. AB - The effects of scrotal heating, prior to vasectomy, on the incidence of sperm granulomas, and the concomitant changes in the testicular steroidogenic activity were investigated. Twenty-three adult male rats (76 days of age) were divided at random into experimental and controls. The experimental rats were subjected to scrotal heating (dry heat) to a temperature of 50 degrees C for one minute, two weeks prior to vasectomy. The control rats were vasectomized without undergoing any heat treatment. Local application of heat to the scrotal sac reduced the incidence of sperm granuloma formation by 82%. The experimental rats had smaller testes and higher testicular corticosterone levels, at the end of the 90-day post operative period, as compared to the corresponding controls. The testicular ascorbic acid utilization was not affected due to heat treatment. It appears that the application of scrotal heat prior to vasectomy selectively causes a total or partial degeneration of the seminiferous tubules. Heat application may cause an early disruption of the feedback link between the seminiferous tubules and the Leydig cells, leading to the production of corticosterone by the testicular interstitium. PMID- 7371410 TI - Cyproterone acetate and seminal vesicles in the regulation of male fertility. AB - The effect of continuous release of microquantities of cyproterone acetate from subcutaneously implanted silastic capsules on the fertility of surgically manipulated seminal vesicles of rat has been studied. The experimental animals showed infertility for 3 weeks, as a consequence of removal of seminal plasma, following which normal fertility returns as efficiently as that operated control. However, a significant decrease in weight of the testes and epididymides, were recorded. It appears that seminal vesicles can synthesize seminal plasma even at very low levels of androgen in the presence of cyproterone acetate. PMID- 7371411 TI - The validity of two-hour creatinine clearance studies in critically ill patients. AB - To determine the accuracy of 2-h creatinine clearance studies in critically ill surgical patients, 12 consecutive 2-h specimens of urine were collected on 30 patients in a surgical ICU. The 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 12-, and 24-h creatinine clearances that were calculated averaged 66 +/- 58 (SD), 59 +/- 45, 62 +/- 49, 63 +/- 48, 66 +/- 50, and 59 +/- 38 ml/min. The correlation coefficient between the 2- and 24-h creatinine clearance was 0.85 (p less than 0.001). The main factor causing differences between the 2- and 24-h creatinine clearance values was variability in urine output. When the average hourly urine output was essentially the same for the 2- and 24-h urine specimens, the correlation coefficient was 0.94. A relatively easy 2-h urine collection can provide essentially the same indication of creatinine clearance as a 24-h sample, particularly if urine output remains constant. PMID- 7371412 TI - Call systems for quadriplegic patients. PMID- 7371413 TI - Improved peritoneal dialysis system for the critically ill. PMID- 7371414 TI - The significance of facial burns in acute smoke inhalation. PMID- 7371416 TI - A critical care problem in neonates. Exchange transfusions through peripheral artery. PMID- 7371415 TI - Complications of airway intrusion in 100 consecutive cases in a pediatric ICU. AB - One-hundred consecutive patients who underwent orotracheal intubation (OT), nasotracheal intubation (NT), or tracheostomy in the pediatric ICU were evaluated for complications of these airway invasions. Twelve patients had major complications as a result of airway intervention. The mortality for patients requiring mechanical ventilation was 17% as compared with a total overall mortality of 8.3% for patients in the pediatric ICU. Major complications occurred in 10% of patients who had orotracheal intubation, in 11% of patients who had nasotracheal intubations, and in 26% of patients subjected to tracheostomy. Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) was the primary diagnosis associated with the highest rate of complications. An association was found between the occurrence of seizures or hypoperfusion state (shock) while intubated and the occurrence of major complications of airway intrusion. Acquired infections of the respiratory tract with Hemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and Candida albicans were also associated with a high rate of complications. PMID- 7371418 TI - "Minor" psychological hazards of critical care. PMID- 7371417 TI - Improved detection of adverse cardiovascular trends with the use of a two variable computer alarm. AB - Assessment of preload and afterload of patients having undergone cardiac surgery is commonly done by the monitoring of mean arterial and left atrial pressures (MAP, LAP). In this ICU, a central computer has been in use to sample routinely the MAP and LAP every 10 min. This computer has been programmed to activate an alarm sequence if a routinely acquired value of MAP or LAP is found to be outside of preset ("trend") limits. The computer then initiates a repeat mode of sampling of MAP and LAP as 1 min intervals. If three consecutive repeated values of either variable remain outside of the preset limits, then the following occurs: 1) a plot of the trend of MAP and LAP over the preceding 3 h appears on the bedside video monitor, 2) a bedside light and audible chime are activated, and 3) the bedside keyboard is locked out to other functions until the alarm is reset. A study showed that this system can detect adverse trends appropriately, averaging only 1-2 false alarms/patient per 8-h shift. PMID- 7371419 TI - The relationship between etiology and symptomatology in psychiatry. PMID- 7371420 TI - Migration and mental illness: what role do traditional childhood socialization practices play? AB - Interpretations of studies which show a correlation between migration and mental illness generally focus on sociocultural variables while giving scant attention to determinants of cognitive-personality orientations. This article examines childhood socialization practices as a key variable for comparing points of psychological stress between the traditional rural culture and the post industrial urban culture. The hypothesis that harsh and restrictive childhood socialization practices foster the development of a cognitive-personality orientation which increases the likelihood of maladaptive responses to culture change is illustrated by anthropological and psychological data obtained from Sicilians living in Sicily, the U.S.A. and Australia. Suggestions are given for minimizing the mental health risks involved during the critical transition period following migration. PMID- 7371421 TI - Major conceptual and research issues for cultural (anthropological) psychiatry. PMID- 7371422 TI - Many medicines in one: curing in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. AB - The actual means by which the clinical successes of non-Western medical treatments are achieved has been little explored. More specifically, analyses have focused almost exclusively on their psychotherapeutic value, with some attention to the pharmacodynamics of plant remedies. The central argument of this paper is that such a perspective has been generated more by the selective psychiatric orientation of cross-cultural field-workers than by the diverse realities of the curing systems themselves. The paper describes medical care among the Nekematigi, Benabena-speaking horticulturalists of the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Presented within an ecological framework, these materials demonstrate dependence upon a wide range of physical manipulations such as bleeding and flagellation with nettles, dietary alterations including increased protein consumption, social rearrangements, verbal spells, and plant medicinals of both specific and general application. The potential effects of each contribution to the medical regime are examined and a twofold conclusion is reached: (1) that it is precisely the mix of physical and psychological elements that accounts for Nekematigi success in treating the chronic infectious diseases which predominate in their environment, and (2) that this is likely to be true of many previously reported medical systems hitherto interpreted primarily in psychological, social, or symbolic terms. PMID- 7371423 TI - Movement among healers in Sri Lanka: a case study of a Sinhalese patient. AB - Sinhalese patients in Sri Lanka have a variety of practitioners to choose from in seeking treatment for illness. The include: Ayurdevic physicians, Western physicians, and ritual practitioners. This paper traces the movement of a single patient seeking treatment for pissu (madness) from a number of healers. It is suggested that this movement of the patient among a variety of treatment systems allows a fluidity of diagnosis which prevents any one explanatory system from dominating her perception of her illness. It is also argued that treatments are linked by an underlying continuity of process, in which the personal antecedents of the illness are reinterpreted in terms of public representations of affliction and in which all treatments phrase illness most basically in terms of excess and imbalance. PMID- 7371425 TI - Genitourinary problems of spinal cord trauma. PMID- 7371424 TI - Orthopedic management of the patient with a spinal injury. AB - I have tried to make clear that there are no absolute principles in the orthopedic management of patients with a spinal cord injury. Although debate continues regarding the approach to the problem, the goals remain optimal patient care, free of complications, and preparation for a smooth transition of the patient into a new life with handicaps. Most strides in spinal cord injury care have been made in improvement of internal fixation and immobilization, advances in rehabilitation techniques and marked shortening of hospitalization. Active research continues to investigate the pathophysiology of the injury and a means of reversing or impeding the damage to neural tissue. Currently, certain spinal cord injuries are considered irreversible despite treatment with spinal cord hypothermia, reanastomosis of spinal cords or administration of enzyme injections. The person with a spinal cord injury and paralysis rarely loses the hope that a cure might be the next great discovery of medical science and active spinal cord injury research centers have the same goal. PMID- 7371426 TI - Surgical management of spasticity. PMID- 7371427 TI - Rehabilitation of the patient with spinal cord injury. PMID- 7371428 TI - Viewpoints on the current treatments of bladder tumors. PMID- 7371430 TI - Comparative cytogenetic studies on the red muntjac, Chinese muntjac, and their F1 hybrids. AB - The chromosomes of the red (Indian) muntjac (2n = 6 female, 7 male), the Chinese (Reeves) muntjac (2n = 46), and their F1 hybrids were studied with various banding techniques. G-banding showed that the two complements still have a high degree of homology despite the vast difference in diploid numbers between the two species. Cd-banding suggested that the X chromosome and chromosome 1 of the red muntjac are dicentric. Evidence indicates that both centric and repeated tandem translocations among the chromosomes of the Chinese muntjac evolved to form those of the red muntjac. PMID- 7371429 TI - Nucleolus organizer regions in translocations involving acrocentric chromosomes. PMID- 7371431 TI - Regional mapping of ADA and ITP on human chromosome 20: cytogenetic and somatic cell studies in an X/20 translocation. AB - An apparently balanced de novo translocation between chromosomes X and 20, 46,X,t(X;20)(Xp20q;Xq20p), was identified in a severely retarded 13-year-old female with macrocephaly, bilateral overfolded pinnae, elbow contractures, clinodactyly, and seizures. BudR-pulse studies show the normal X chromosome to be late replicating in both lymphocytes (50 cells) and skin fibroblasts (25 cells). An HPRT deficient Chinese hamster line was fused with lymphocytes from the patient, and hybrid lines were derived in HAT medium. Cytogenetic and biochemical analyses of these hybrid lines show that the locus for adenosine deaminase is in the cen leads to qter region and that the locus for inosine triphosphatase is in the pter leads to cen region of human chromosome 20. PMID- 7371432 TI - Chromosome damaging agent of low molecular weight in the serum of New Zealand black mice. AB - Two substrains of NZB mice were developed by selective matings according to chromosome breakage frequencies in direct bone marrow preparations: HB, a line with increased chromosome breakage, and LB, a line with low or normal breakage rates. The serum of NZB mice from the HB strain contains a chromosome breaking factor that produces chromosome abnormalities in human lymphocytes. This clastogenic substance could not be detected in serum of NZB line. Nor does it exist in serum of Balb, C3H, C57 B1, Swiss, or AKR mice, in which no chromosomal breakage was observed in bone marrow. The breakage factor has a molecular weight between 1000 and 10,000 daltons. PMID- 7371433 TI - Aging and sister chromatid exchange. VI. The effect of in vitro passage on spontaneous SCE frequencies in human fetal lung fibroblast cultures. PMID- 7371434 TI - An examination of chromosomes in the stallion (Equus caballus) during meiosis. AB - Meiotic preparations were made from testicular material obtained after surgical castration of eight stallions (Equus caballus) with normal spermatogenesis. The material was examined after conventional Giemsa staining and C-banding. C-banding demonstrated that the Y chromosome at diakinesis associated with the short arm of the X chromosome. In 315 cells at diplotene or diakinesis, 56 (17.7%) had univalents and 51 (16.1%) of these involved the sex chromosomes. The overall mean chiasma number was 54.4 +/- 1.8 SD, and the mean calculated nondisjunction (ND) frequency was 3.4%. These results are discussed in relation to other domestic species. PMID- 7371435 TI - Audit review: requirement or significant help? AB - Although subject to modifications by political, funding and popular considerations, the audit review is seen as a useful step in quality care. PMID- 7371437 TI - Stresses and strains on the child care worker: typologies for assessment. AB - Recent literature in the field emphasizes both organizational and personal stresses on the child welfare worker. This paper examines in detail the factors involved. PMID- 7371436 TI - Suffering in silence: the male incest victim. AB - The reasons boys who are victims of incest remain silent are explored in terms of the special meaning of victimization to males. A major factor is that society does not permit males to express feelings of helplessness and vulnerability. PMID- 7371438 TI - Deprivation of body pleasure: origin of violent behavior? a survey of the literature. AB - A review of the literature on theories of human aggression reveals diverse opinions on the causes of violence. Sensory deprivation in the mothering of infants is viewed as a strong factor. PMID- 7371439 TI - Followup study of early childrearing. AB - Three-year followup interviews of white primiparous mothers less than 25 years old at the time of the birth showed that key factors in outcome were psychiatric impairment, lack of available resources, and mothers' permissiveness in discipline. PMID- 7371440 TI - Friedreich's ataxia forme fruste and elevated creatine phosphokinase in a child with pseudohypoparathyroidism. AB - A 14-year-old boy with focal seizures, syncopal attacks, and progressive intellectual deterioration had intracranial calcifications on a CT scan and hypocalcemia unresponsive to parathyroid hormone. The commonly recognized neurological manifestations of pseudohypoparathyroidism were complicated by signs of Friedreich's ataxia. A marked elevation of serum CPK was unexplained and was unrelated to seizures. PMID- 7371441 TI - Early diagnosis and surgical indication in craniosynostosis. AB - 9 children, presenting with clinical symptoms of craniosynostosis, and 4 with microcrania underwent calvaria bone scanning and a lumbar subarachnoid constant infusion manometric test as integrating procedures for the diagnosis and surgical indication. In all the patients with craniosynostosis, calvaria bone scanning revealed the pathological sutures as areas of diminished or absent radionuclide accumulation, while a normal isotope uptake was observed at all the cranial sutures in the children with microcrania. A biphasic response to the infusion test, with an early rapid increase in the intracranial pressure and a late compensation, characterized 8 of the 9 children with craniosynostosis. The response to the infusion test was normal in all the cases with microcrania and in 1 child regarded as affected with coronal synostosis on the grounds of clinical and calvaria bone scanning findings. PMID- 7371442 TI - Nephritis secondary to chronic cerebrospinal fluid - vascular shunt infection: "shunt nephritis". AB - Chronic indolent shunt infection can lead to intermittent transient bacteremia and secondary deposition of immune complexes in the kidney. The infective organism is usually one of low virulence, resulting in vague symptoms and a delay in diagnosis. Resolution of the infection usually results in return of renal function to normal. PMID- 7371443 TI - Extradural masses at the foramen magnum in children. AB - This report describes the clinical features, treatment, and sequelae in 3 children with extradural masses in the region of the foramen magnum. Such lesions are rare, their nature diverse, and their treatment hazardous. The common presenting feature was neck stiffness. PMID- 7371445 TI - Exophthalmos from aneurysmal bone cyst of the orbital roof. AB - An aneurysmal bone cyst of the orbital roof, causing a monolateral exophthalmos in a 15-month-old child with no previous history of head injury, was operated upon and histologically misdiagnosed as a giant cell tumor. Radiation treatment in a dosage (3,740 rad) appropriate for the latter diagnosis apparently caused a massive calcification of the residual mass with persisting exophthalmos. At a second operation the lesion was removed completely and a radical change in the histopathological features was found. 12 years after surgery, there is no evidence of residuals upon roentgenographic and CT scan examinations and the exophthalmos has practically disappeared, while there is a normal visual function in the affected eye. Some points of histopathological and gross pathological differential diagnosis between aneurysmal bone cysts and giant cell ("myeloplaxis") tumors are discussed. PMID- 7371444 TI - Postoperative evaluation of third ventriculostomy patients using 111in-DTPA. AB - A radioisotope scanning and clearance procedure has been developed for the postoperative assessment of third ventriculostomy patients. The patency of third ventriculostomy sites can be verified by this procedure, and the bulk flow clearance of CSF can be quantitated. 4 postoperstive third ventriculostomy patients have been evaluated by this procedure to date. In each case the third ventriculostomy site was shown to be patent. The bulk flow clearance of CSF ranged from 170 to 342 cm3/24 h. Comparison of these figures with estimates of CSF production suggests that the majority of CSF reabsorption in these patients occurs through the arachnoid villi. PMID- 7371448 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of replication intermediates in Chironomus polytene chromosomes. AB - DNA replication was investigated in cells with polytene chromosomes. The cells were obtained from the salivary glands of the dipteran Chironomus tentans. Polytene chromosomes are characterized by a specific and constant band - interband structure formed by the lateral association of homologous chromatids side by side. - The salivary gland DNA was labelled by injection of radioactive precursor into the living animal, extracted with a neutral nondenaturing buffer at 25 degrees C and finally characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis. Radioactive DNA pulse-labelled for 30-60 min was released from the polytene chromosomes during cell lysis in the form of double-stranded fragments. The fragments, which show a heterogeneous appearance in gel electrophoresis, are probably produced in the living cell by the joining of several Okazaki fragments. The release of the fragments from the polytene chromosome is prevented by lysis at 10 degrees C instead of 25 degrees C. The size of the double-stranded fragments range between 3.75-6 x 10(6) D. Moreover, after a time-lag the fragments are joined together to produce a high-molecular weight DNA. The existence of these nascent DNA fragments is discussed in relation to an earlier proposal that each band in the polytene chromosome may function as a separate replication unit. PMID- 7371447 TI - A pachytene map of the mouse oocyte. AB - A map of the mouse oocyte has been constructed utilizing early and mid/late pachytene stages. Each bivalent was clearly identified. At the mid/late stage 195 chromomeres corresponded directly to precursor chromomeres in the early stage, whilst 84 chromomers were derived from two chromomers from the early stage. The X and 13 bivalents were found to have a single chromomere in the early stage which later yielded two sites. There were approximately twice as many total chromomeres as mitotic bands, with good correspondence between pachytene chromomeres and major mitotic bands. Application of the use of mapping to a previously reported bivalent bearing a pleiomorphic region is noted. PMID- 7371446 TI - A comparative study on the effect of various detergents in human chromosome G banding prior to tryptic digestion. PMID- 7371449 TI - Organization of chromatin during spermiogenesis: beaded fibers, partly beaded fibers, and loss of nucleosomal structure. AB - The aggregation of chromatin during spermiogenesis in the house cricket and many other animals is an orderly process involving the formation of a series of long, thick, well defined structures. The differentiation of chromatin preliminary to the development of such unusual structures is given attention here. Examination of nuclei after lysis and spreading indicated that fibers with closely spaced nucleosomes, like the fibers of somatic chromatin, make up the chromatin in all stages of early spermiogenesis and most of middle spermiogenesis. The thick structures of late spermatids cannot be formed by aggregation of fibers of this somatic type, however; just before thick structures form, chromatin fibers lose the nucleosomal structure. During the process, fibers with nucleosomes spaced at irregular intervals and with long stretches of smooth thin fiber are found, as if nucleosomes at one site on a fiber are broken down independently of those at adjacent sites. Since prior studies of cricket proteins have indicated that somatic histones persist during the stages when nucleosome structure disappears, the observations imply that the histones which are organized in nucleosomes during early stages must become incorporated into different kinds of nucleoprotein complexes during succeeding stages of spermiogenesis. PMID- 7371450 TI - Molecular structure of chromatin during sperm differentiation of the dogfish Scyliorhinus caniculus (L.). AB - The molecular structure of chromatin during dogfish spermiogenesis was examined by electron microscopy after the dispersion of nuclei at low ionic strength. In early and late stages of differentiation (round and elongating spermatids), chromatin is globular, although basic nuclear proteins are different from those present in somatic nuclei. Three protein fractions are complexed with DNA in sperm nuclei. These fractions appear at the end of differentiation (elongated spermatids), subsequently undergoing a modification of their solubilization properties; only one protein fraction remains acid-soluble. Dispersed chromatin from sperm nuclei again shows a beads-on-a-string configuration both in the presence of the three specific sperm proteins and when the acid soluble fraction is extracted. Variations of the mean diameter of chromatin subunits during spermiogenesis appear rather limited compared to extensive modifications of chromatin superstructures. PMID- 7371451 TI - Ultrastructural characterization of the sex chromosomes during spermatogenesis of spiders having holocentric chromosomes and a long diffuse stage. AB - An ultrastructural study has been made of spermatogenesis in two species of primitive spiders having holocentric chromosomes (Dysdera crocata, male X0 and Sergestria florentia X1X2O). Analysis of the meiotic prophase shows a scarcity or absence of typical leptotene to pachytene stages. Only in D. crocata have synaptonemal complex (SC) remnants been seen, and these occurred in nuclei with an extreme chromatin decondensation. In both species typical early prophase stages have been replaced by nuclei lacking SC and with their chromatin almost completely decondensed, constituting a long and well-defined diffuse stage. Only nucleoli and the condensed sex chromosomes can be identified. - In S. florentina paired non-homologous sex chromosomes lack a junction lamina and thus clearly differ from the sex chromosomes of more evolved spiders with an X1X20 male sex determination mechanism. In the same species, sex chromosomes can be recognized during metaphase I due to their special structural details, while in D. crocata the X chromosome is not distinguishable from the autosomes at this stage. - The diffuse stage and particularly the structural characteristics of the sex chromosomes during meiotic prophase are reviewed and discussed in relation to the meiotic process in other arachnid goups. PMID- 7371452 TI - Chromosome banding in amphibia. IV. Differentiation of GC- and AT-rich chromosome regions in Anura. AB - The chromosomes of 26 species of Anura from variously highly envolved groups were analysed with the fluorescent GC-specific antibiotics mithramycin and chromomycin A3 as well as with the AT-specific quinacrine. The mithramycin- and chromomycin A3-stainings generally resulted in a pattern of the constitutive heterochromatin opposite to the one obtained with quinacrine stain. The weaker a heterochromatic region fluoresces with quinacrine, the stronger is the intensity of the fluorescence achieved with mithramycin and chromomycin A3. Some of the telomeric and interstitial heterochromatic regions, however, exhibit no enhanced fluorescence with any of the fluorochromes. The nucleolar constrictions of the nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) displayed the brightest mithramycin- and chromomycin A3-fluorescence in the karyotypes and interphase nuclei of all species examined. The contrast of the brightly fluorescing GC-rich heterochromatin and of the NORs is considerably enhanced, when the non fluorescent AT-specific oligopeptide distamycin A is employed as a counterstain. No banding patterns were observed with the fluorochromes in the euchromatic regions of the metaphase chromosomes; this attributed to the strong spiralization of the anuran chromosomes. A cytochemical classification of the various chromatin types in the anuran chromosomes is discussed on the basis of the differential labelings found on the constitutive heterochromatin by means of the fluorochromes. PMID- 7371453 TI - Cytochemical studies of metaphase chromosomes by flow cytometry. AB - The cytochemical properties of metaphase chromosomes from Chinese hamster and human cells were studied by flow cytometry. This technique allows precise quantitation of the fluorescence properties of individual stained chromosome types. Chromosomes were stained with the following fluorescent DNA stains: Hoechst 33258, DAPI, chromomycin A3, ethidium bromide, and propidium iodide. The relative fluorescence of individual chromosome types varied depending on the stain used, demonstrating that individual chromosome types differ in chemical properties. Flow measurements were performed as a function of stain and chromosome concentration to characterize the number and distribution of stain binding sites. Flow analysis of double stained chromosomes show that bound stains interact by energy transfer with little or no binding competition. For most hamster chromosomes, there is a strong correlation between relative fluorescence and stain base preference suggesting that staining differences may be determined primarily by differences in average base composition. A few hamster chromosome types exhibit anomalous staining which suggests that some other property, such as repetitive DNA sequences, also may be an important determinant of chromosomal staining. PMID- 7371454 TI - X-chromosome transcription in Drosophila. AB - Duplications involving the X chromosome of Drosophila were used to produce individuals with 1.25, 1.50, 1.62 and 1.85 X chromosomes. Rates of transcription in polytene chromosomes were measured autoradiographically after pulse-labeling salivary glands with 3H-uridine. We conclude that: (1) the sume of all transcription occurring on the X elements is constant (relative to autosomal transcription) regardless of how much X-chromosome material is present; (2) this constancy is apparently achieved through a uniform reduction of the rate of synthesis over all X-chromosomal segments as the size of the duplication increases.--Thus, the transcription of a given segment of the X is dependent not just on the number of copies of that segment but also on the number of copies of other regions of the chromosome. PMID- 7371455 TI - Heterochromatinization, chromatin elimination and haploidization in the parahaploid mite Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). AB - Embryogenic mitoses, mitoses in females and spermatogenesis are described in the predatory mite Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt). At 22 degrees C, egg development lasts approximately 4 days. Six chromosomes are seen in mitotic metaphases and anaphases of 0--24 h eggs. Toward the end of this period some embryo squashes have patches of cells containing nuclei which are partially heteropycnotic. These patches of cells apparently increase in size with the age of the embryo. In approximately 1/2 of all 24--48 h-old eggs they encompass all or most cells of the embryo. In these embryos metaphases involved 6 chromosomes, anaphases 3. Either prior to, or following metaphase, a pairing of chromosomes appeared to take place to form 3 units which resembled meiotic diplotene chromosomes where there is opening out between homologues. At metaphase, two sets of 3 chromosomes were slightly differentially stained. One, designated the H set, was darker and slightly more contracted than the other, the E set. At anaphase, 3H and 3E chromosomes segregated in a reductional division retaining the differential contraction until telophase. No cytokinesis appeared. The H set appeared to remain contracted while the E set decontracted to assume the appearance of an interphase nucleus. Both of these entities, side-by-side, created the partially heteropycnotic nucleus mentioned above. The H set then appeared to be excluded from the cell. Mitotic meta- and anaphases involving 6 chromosomes were noted in female deutonymphs. Spermatogenesis appeared to encompass an equational division of 3 chromosomes, which the formation of a binucleate spermatid. Two tail structures appeared juxtaposed at the edge of each spermatid and thereafter a separation into two individual sperms occurred.--While mitosis was not studied in known males, we believe that the embryos exhibiting heterochromatinization and elimination of chromosomes in most or all cells were in fact demonstrating parahaploidization. PMID- 7371456 TI - Chromatin rings as products of chromatin diminution in Cyclops. AB - Nuclei from the interphase preceding the 6th cleavage (=first diminution) division of Cyclops furcifer were subjected to a micro-spreading technique (Counce and Meyer, 1973) and examined by electron microscopy. In some preparations numerous chromatin rings formed by 250--300 A fibers were discovered in sizes ranging from 0.25 micrometers to more than 6 micrometers. These structures are assumed to represent the primary products of chromatin diminution. PMID- 7371457 TI - Kinetics of DNA replication in the Indian muntjac chromosomes as studied by quantitative autoradiography. AB - DNA replication patterns of individual chromosomes and their various euchromatic and heterochromatic regions were analyzed by means of quantitative autoradiography. The cultured cells of the skin fibroblast of a male Indian muntjac were pulse labeled with 3H-thymidine and chromosome samples were prepared for the next 32 h at 1--2 h intervals. A typical late replication pattern widely observed in heterochromatin was not found in the muntjac chromosomes. The following points make the DNA replication of the muntjac chromosomes characteristics: (1) Heterochromatin replicated its DNA in a shorter period with a higher rate than euchromatin. (2) Two small euchromatic regions adjacent to centromeric heterochromatin behaved differently from other portions of euchromatin, possessing shorter Ts, higher DNA synthetic rates and starting much later and ending earlier their DNA replication. (3) Segmental replication patterns were observed in the chromosomes 2 and 3 during the entire S phase. (4) Both homologues of the chromosome 3 showed a synchronous DNA replication pattern throughout the S phase except in the distal portion of the long arms during the mid-S phase. PMID- 7371458 TI - Involvement of sulfhydryl groups of chromosomal proteins in sister chromatid differentiation. PMID- 7371459 TI - Chromosome polymorphism in the Italian newt, Triturus italicus. AB - A chromosomal variation, changing shape and C-banding pattern of chromosome XII of Triturus italicus was detected among the offspring of two F1 hybrid families of T. italicus female x T. vulgaris meridionalis male. In both families a number of individuals appeared to have a metacentric instead of the expected subtelocentric chromosome XII of T. italicus.--Investigations in three well separated localities in the range of the species showed the polymorphism to have a wide distribution and to be part of a complex pattern involving at least two inversions and (presumably) deficiencies of large C-bands. At meiosis, the shape of bivalent XII, and the location and frequency of chiasmata in the bivalent varied with the karyomorph involved. It is suggested that large rearrangements may still play an important role in the karyological evolution of Triturus. PMID- 7371460 TI - DNA-content in isolated nuclei of postembryonic stages of progeny from normal and irradiated males of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae). AB - The 1C DNA-content of isolated nuclei of postembryonic stages of Tetranychus urticae stained with the classic and a modified Schiff's reagent was cytophotometrically estimated as 0.1 pg, a low value in animals. For many tissues of this arrhenotokous species the ploidy ratio between males and females is 1:2, indicating the absence of sex-related differences in ploidy.--In addition, DNA measurements were performed to evaluate irradiation-experiments, starting with X irradiation of mature sperm in males with doses known from previous work to induce chromosomal fragments that are subject to loss and missegregation in the embryonic mitotic stages of the female progeny despite the presumed holokinetic nature of the chromosomes. The DNA-content of the nuclei of the surviving postembryonic preadult stages did not indicate the occurrence of nuclei with in between male/female values, ruling out loss and missegregation of fragments as important factors in postembryonic lethality. Abnormally low DNA-values in some adult females could be attributed to development of embryos before oviposition caused by radiation-induced effects. PMID- 7371462 TI - What is measured in electrogastrography? AB - The object of this study was to elucidate what is actually measured in electrogastrography. Comparison of gastric signals simultaneously recorded from serosal and cutaneous electrodes in the conscious dog led to the following findings: 1. In the absence of phasic contractile activity and electrical response activity (ERA), the cutaneous recordings contained a frequency corresponding to the fundamental frequency of the electrical control activity (ECA) of the stomach (about 0.08 Hz). 2. Tachygastrias gave rise to cutaneous signals containing the tachygastric frequency (about 0.25 Hz). 3. The amplitude of the electrogastrogram increased when ERA occurred. It is concluded that both ECA and ERA are reflected in the electrogastrogram. A model is proposed that describes the electrogastrogram as the result of field potentials generated by depolarization and repolarization dipoles. PMID- 7371461 TI - Analysis of a BrdU-sensitive site in the cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus): chromosomal breakage and sister-chromatid exchange. AB - When the thymidine analog BrdU was incorporated into the DNA of a fibroblast cell line derived from the cactus mouse Peromyscus eremicus, a chromosome region with an increased frequency of gaps and breaks was observed. Nearly a third of the chromatid aberrations found at this site were associated with a sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) although this chromosome region showed no increase in sister chromatid exchange in the absence of a gap or break. SCEs were significantly decreased in the remainder of the chromosome arm when it contained an aberration at the unstable site. This BrdU-sensitive region, unlike others reported, was found not to be late-replicating.--In this chromosome complement, the frequency of sister-chromatid exchange in C-band positive regions was significantly lower than that in C-band negative regions. PMID- 7371463 TI - Impaired elimination of caffeine in cirrhosis. AB - The effect of cirrhosis on the disposition and elimination of caffeine was examined. Caffeine (250 mg) was administered orally to 15 healthy controls and eight patients with cirrhosis. The elimination half-life was prolonged from 5.2 +/- 2.4 hr (mean +/- SD) in controls to 6.1 +/- 1.9 hr in cirrhotics, although this did not reach statistical significance. The plasma clearance, however, was significantly higher (1.4 +/- 0.5 ml/min/kg) in controls as compared to cirrhotics (0.9 +/- 0.3 ml/min/kg) (P less than 0.05). The plasma binding of caffeine was also lower in cirrhotics (31.3 +/- 1.8% vs 25.5 +/- 4.0%, P less than 0.01). The plasma clearance of unbound caffeine therefore was reduced from 2.0 +/- 0.7 ml/min/kg in controls to 1.2 +/- 0.4 ml/min/kg (P less than 0.01) in cirrhotics, demonstrating impaired elimination of caffeine in cirrhosis. PMID- 7371464 TI - Observations on 261 consecutive patients with inflammatory bowel disease seen in the Southwest United States. AB - Two hundred and sixty-one consecutive patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were seen at a private medical and surgical clinic affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, between November 1, 1975, and March 1, 1979. We collected social and demographic data concerning date and place of birth, sex, race, religion, marital status, date and place of disease onset and occupation, in order to determine whether the presentation of IBD in the southwest United States differs from that in other regions. Clinical data concerning presenting symptoms, area of bowel involvement, and number of hospitalizations were tabulated in order to evaluate the mortality and morbidity of disease. Where applicable statistical analysis of the data was accomplished by computer to determine the significance of the findings. Inflammatory bowel disease was noted to be a disease predominantly of whites, with relative sparing of blacks and Latin Americans. Thirteen cases of IBD occurred in a neighboring white, non-Jewish community of Orange, Texas, during the period of study. In the 261 cases morbidity was severe, but the mortality rate was low. There was one death from suicide. No surgical mortalities were noted in 106 patients who underwent one to ten surgical procedures. PMID- 7371465 TI - A simplified procedure for preparing innervated gastric pouches. AB - Conventional innervated gastric pouches can be technically difficult to construct, and fistula formation between the pouch and the main stomach cavity is a common problem. This paper describes the method of construction of a small pouch on the lesser curvature (LC pouch) which we have found to be relatively free of these difficulties. Compared with the Pavlov-type pouch, this pouch gives a stronger acid secretory response to a meat meal. Furthermore, the acid secretory response was prompt to insulin hypoglycemia and sham feeding. PMID- 7371466 TI - Uptake of a homologous series of saturated fatty acids into rabbit intestine using three in vitro techniques. PMID- 7371467 TI - Carcinoma complicating ulcerative colitis: multidisciplinary clinical conference in gastroenetrology. PMID- 7371468 TI - Herniation of the gallbladder through the foramen of Winslow. AB - A rare case of herniation of the gallbladder through the foramen of Winslow is presented. There are only six surgically proven previously reported cases. This condition should be suspected where symptoms suggest gallbladder disease in the presence of normal functioning gallbladder. A simultaneous cholecystogram and an upper gastrointestinal study is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. A cholecystectomy with plication of the foramen of Winslow is the suggested treatment. PMID- 7371469 TI - Idiopathic isolated granulomatous gastritis: spontaneous resolution without surgical intervention. AB - A patient was demonstrated to have idiopathic isolated granulomatous gastritis. The gastric lesion healed without the use of antiinflammatory medications. Surgical resection was not required for diagnosis or treatment. This case demonstrates that idiopathic isolated granulomatous gastritis may resolve without invasive medical or surgical therapy. PMID- 7371470 TI - IgE, allergy, and the gut. PMID- 7371472 TI - A non-transferrin-bound serum iron in idiopathic hemochromatosis. AB - The nature of iron in the serum of patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis has been studied utilizing an isotope labeling method and results have been compared with those from normal individuals and patients with other forms of liver disease. Between 2 and 4% of a tracer dose of 59Fe added to normal serum was retained by DEAE Sephadex and has been designated non-transferrin-bound. Alcoholic liver disease, chronic active hepatitis, and iron deficiency have no effect on this fraction. In idiopathic hemochromatosis 34.6 +/- 3.9% of the added iron was not bound to transferrin at diagnosis, representing approximately 700 microgram Fe/liter serum. Treatment lowers this fraction before serum iron concentration falls to normal. The majority of the non-transferrin-bound iron is of low molecular weight and is not bound to albumin. The presence of this fraction may contribute significantly to the development of tissue siderosis. PMID- 7371471 TI - IgE levels in intestinal juice. AB - This investigation was performed to determine the possible significance of the IgE levels in intestinal secretions for the recognition of type I food allergy (immediate hypersensitivity). Four groups of individuals were studied and compared with each other: (1) healthy controls and patients with gastrointestinal disorders not affecting the small intestine; (2) patients with small intestinal disease; (3) patients with various manifestations of allergy but without food intolerance; and (4) patients with atopic sensitivity to foods. Despite the presence of proteolysis in the intestinal fluid, a statistically highly significant increase of the intestinal IgE level was observed in patients of group 4 with type I food allergy and in patients of group 3 as compared with normals. This was associated with an increase in the serum IgE level. An increased synthesis of the IgE in the lamina propria of the small intestine is most probable, but not yet adequately established. PMID- 7371473 TI - Fat digestion in patients with bile acid malabsorption but minimal steatorrhea. AB - Patients with an interrupted enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and minimal or no steatorrhea were studied to determine if their fat absorption was aided by compensatory mechanisms which delivered increased amounts of lipid to the aqueous phase of post-prandial duodenal fluid. The data suggested that the molar stoichiometry of association of fatty acid and bile acid in an aggregated (micelle) form was reduced in the patients (0.8) as compared to normals (1.4). Each patient had either normal sized or undetectable micelles; one patient had a large fatty acid-rich aggregated species. The bile acid composition of the whole duodenal fluid was found to have an increased proportion of dihydroxy bile acids which were conjugated with glycine. There was a selective precipitation of dihydroxybile acids from the aqueous phase, such that the patients had a normal proportion of these bile acids in the aqueous phase. We were unable to identify a consistent compensatory mechanism whereby these patients could increase the concentration of lipid in the aqueous phase which would have led to a better understanding of their minimal steatorrhea. We believe that the reduced stoichiometry of aggregated fatty acid to aggregated bile acid is in part due to the altered bile acid pool composition of these patients. PMID- 7371474 TI - Hepatic hemosiderosis in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. PMID- 7371475 TI - Impairment of folic acid absorption by oral pancreatic extracts. AB - Higher serum folate levels were found among newly diagnosed, untreated patients with pancreatic insufficiency than among treated patients despite greater fat malabsorption in the former group. In vivo folate absorption tests using Tritium labeled pteroylmonoglutamatic acid showed folate absorption to be enhanced in pancreatic insufficiency patients as compared to control subjects (P less than 0.01). Moreover, pancreatic extract significantly inhibited folate absorption in both normal subjects (P less than 0.05) and pancreatic insufficient patients (P less than 0.001). In vitro testing showed pancreatic extract to form insoluble complexes with folate. Such complex formation may diminish absorption of dietary folate and lead to folate deficiency. Since both pancreatic extract and bicarbonate are used in the treatment of pancreatic insufficiency and both are known to impair folate absorption, folate status should be monitored in patients being treated for pancreatic insufficiency; supplementation may be indicated. PMID- 7371476 TI - Sucrase-isomaltase (palatinase) deficiency diagnosed during adulthood. PMID- 7371477 TI - Diffuse leiomyomatosis of the esophagus. AB - A case of diffuse leiomyomatosis of the esophagus which was successfully resected is presented. The patient was a 44-year-old man who had an abnormal filling defect, which was incidentally discovered during esophagography, and was observed for two years. Although he remained asymptomatic, an operation was performed because of increase in the tumor's size. The lesion consisted of many confluent myomatous nodules throughout the thoracic portion of the esophagus, mostly seen in the circular layer of the muscularis, and some in the muscularis mucosa. Histologically, these nodules were leiomyomas. This is a very rare condition, and only a dozen similar cases have been reported so far. A brief discussion is made on the definition of diffuse leiomyomatosis of the esophagus. PMID- 7371479 TI - Cimetidine-induced bone marrow suppression. PMID- 7371478 TI - Retroperitoneal abscess. Case report and review of the literature. AB - The case of a 93-year-old female with a Streptococcus pneumoniae retroperitoneal abscess diagnosed by physical examination and abdominal ultrasonography is presented. Review of the literature reveals no previous cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae retroperitoneal abscess. Retroperitoneal abscess is a complication of common medical diseases. Delay in diagnosis contributes to a high mortality rate and surgical drainage is the primary mode of therapy. The new diagnostic techniques of ultrasonography, radionucleotide scanning with gallium-67 citrate or indium-111 chloride, and computerized tomography appear to provide a sensitive method for earlier diagnosis. PMID- 7371481 TI - Diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux in the pediatric patient. AB - In the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux, no one diagnostic test is sufficiently reliable to use alone in the determination and evaluation of significant gastroesophageal reflux. When two or more studies are positive, then significant gastroesophageal reflux is present. Both the barium examination and the Tuttle test had a higher percentage of positive studies, than did the manometric examination. In those patients who do not respond to medical management, surgery provided a significant cure rate, with no mortality in the group examined and an extremely low rate of morbidity. PMID- 7371480 TI - Multiple tumours in both breasts due to fat necrosis. AB - In this case report a patient treated with anticoagulant therapy will be described. She suddenly developed tumours in both breasts. On the mammogram multiple tumours were recognisable well defined with some central lucencies (fat). One tumour was excised and the pathologist diagnosed necrotic fat tissue. After 1 year some of the tumours have been disappeared, the others were in regression. Usually this type of tumours due to fat necrosis will disappear. In those cases surgical treatment is not necessary. PMID- 7371482 TI - Hypoplasia of the articular process in the lumbar vertebral column. AB - This paper describes a patient with hypoplasia of the articular process in the lumbar vertebral column. After a survey of the literature, the pathogenesis of this anomaly is discussed. PMID- 7371483 TI - Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle. AB - A case of congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle is presented. Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle is an entity that has rarely been recorded in the radiological literature. The etiology of the condition remains obscure. The radiographic appearance is characteristic. PMID- 7371484 TI - Ultrasonographic diagnosis of psoas hematoma. AB - Ultrasonic examination of 3 patients with psoas hematoma is discussed. The main feature is a well-defined transsonic mass situated in the psoas muscle, on longitudinal sections spindle-shaped and ovoid on transverse sections. Ultrasonography is recommended as the procedure of choice in a patient with bleeding disorder and an abdominal mass. Urography shows medial deviation of the homolateral ureter. PMID- 7371485 TI - [Distribution of certain biogenic elements in histone H1 and its fragments]. PMID- 7371486 TI - [Contractile effects of sympathetic stimulation of vascular smooth muscle at different levels of oxygenation of the perfusate]. PMID- 7371487 TI - [Sensitivity of individual neurons of different brain regions to endorphin]. PMID- 7371488 TI - [Effect of x-irradiation on transport of labelled protein out of isolated rat liver nuclei]. PMID- 7371489 TI - [Release of nucleosomes from rat liver nuclei under low ionic strength conditions]. PMID- 7371490 TI - [Interneuronal connections of a deafferented island of cerebral cortex]. PMID- 7371491 TI - [Effect of an inhibitor of replicative DNA-polymerase on the radioresistance of mice]. PMID- 7371492 TI - [Diffusion model for the growth of solid tumors]. PMID- 7371493 TI - [Inhibition of sphingomyelin biosynthesis in the liver of rats exposed to gamma irradiation and treated with ubiquinone-9]. PMID- 7371494 TI - [Existence of sequences homologous to adenovirus DNA in the genome of normal rat and human cells]. PMID- 7371495 TI - Mental health in first grade and teenage drug, alcohol, and cigarette use. PMID- 7371497 TI - Pretrial release performance of addict defendants: examination of court non appearance and rearrest rates. AB - The relationship between addiction and pretrial performance has attracted increasing attention in the diversion and bail study literature. Many jurisdictions have imposed special restrictive bail conditions upon the bail agreements of addict defendants on the heretofore unproven assumption that appropriate remedial conditions of release (for example, supervised drug abuse treatment) will improve the pretrial release performance of addict defendants. To determine the validity of these assumptions, the pretrial release performance of three groups (addict defendants without treatment program, and non-addict, unsupervised felony defendants) was examined. The results indicate that, measured in terms of appearance at scheduled court proceedings, the unsupervised, untreated addict defendants are poorer bond risks than the non-addict felony defendants, but that the court appearance performance of the supervised, treated addicts was equivalent to the performance of the non-addicts. Rearrest data showed virtually no difference between the groups for non-drug offenses, although the addict groups displayed significantly higher overall rearrest rates. PMID- 7371496 TI - Quantitation and comparison of phenobarbital levels in the plasma, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid of the rat, and the demonstration of an alteration of drug passage by ethanol. AB - In this study, the ability and extent of three biological fluids--plasma, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid--to compartmentalize intravenously administered phenobarbital was examined and correlated. The three fluid compartments show markedly different levels of phenobarbital, though this probably does not reflect qualitative differences in the barriers that separate them, but rather in the nature of the compartments themselves. In addition to the quantitation and correlation of drug levels in the various compartments, intravenous administration of 400 mg/kg ethanol following the intravenous administration of 20 mg/kg phenobarbital was shown to alter the passage of phenobarbital into the different fluid compartments, causing a significant increase in the phenobarbital level of cerebrospinal fluid as compared to controls receiving no ethanol. Though the effect seen in the cerebrospinal fluid is significant, while the effect in saliva is not (though the trend was present), it is felt that the action of ethanol to alter drug passage is a non-specific effect on the vasculature. This finding of altered drug passage may help explain the observed synergistic interaction of ethanol and various sedative drugs. PMID- 7371498 TI - Follow-up of Vietman veterans. I. Relapse to drug use after Vietnam service. AB - A sample of 202 former army enlisted men who served in Vietnam between 1971 and 1972 were studied 28 months after their return to a large metropolitan area. Subjects were divided into three groups, frequent (n = 98), occasional (n = 55) and nonusers (n = 49) according to their inservice narcotics use. Results indicated that in spite of high rates of inservice narcotics use, only 39% of those addicted in Vietnam, and 11% of those who used narcotics occasionally, continued to use narcotics after returning to the United States. However, other types of substances, such as alcohol and marijuana, were used more heavily in all groups. A series of multiple correlations indicated that preservice variables also played a significant role in determining postservice drug involvement. PMID- 7371499 TI - Acute heroin abstinence in man: I. Changes in behavior and sleep. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine overt behavioral characteristics and sleep during acute heroin abstinence in man. Both heroine-dependent patients and drug-free control subjects were observed and monitored on a 24-hour per day basis for 5 to 7 days. Observational data were analyzed for frequency of occurrence of various behaviors including the signs and symptoms of withdrawal. Electroencephalographic (EEG) data were scored into awake and sleep stages according to standard techniques. The heroin-dependent subjects generally displayed a higher number of observations across all recording days as compared to the controls. In addition, the signs and symptoms of withdrawal for these patients peaked on day 1 or day 2 and then declined over the remaining recording days. The EEG state data showed an increase in waking and decrease in both slow wave and REM sleep during acute heroin withdrawal. Total sleep was maximally suppressed on withdrawal days 2 and 3 and was still below normal control values on withdrawal days 5 - 7. REM sleep was more disrupted than slow-wave sleep during withdrawal from heroin. Results of this study indicate that heroin withdrawal produces a differential action upon central nervous system structures responsible for the various states of sleep, waking and related behaviors. PMID- 7371501 TI - When are drug combinations justified? PMID- 7371500 TI - Patterns of drug use amongst Malaysian secondary schoolchildren. AB - A representative sampling of the secondary school population of two states of Malaysia (sample size 16166) indicated that 11% of students had had experience of drug use. Use of a single drug was the common pattern, with cannabis reported most often by older students, and sedatives most often by younger students. A quarter of those who had used drugs reported experience with four or more substances and were likely to have progressed rapidly to heroin. This progression may be facilitated by the ready availability of heroin and the local tradition of smoking or inhaling rather than injecting opiates. Descriptions of drug migration patterns based on Western samples are not fully appropriate worldwide, because the youthful abuser is much influenced both by local market forces and by cultural traditions, even though the epidemic of youthful drug abuse is itself worldwide. PMID- 7371502 TI - Management of the hyperlipidaemias. PMID- 7371503 TI - [Breast neoplasms and thyroid therapy]. PMID- 7371505 TI - [Prognosis of plasmacytoma]. PMID- 7371504 TI - [Instruments of an intensive care unit. Metabolic control (basic program, lactate analysis, osmometry, oncometry)]. PMID- 7371507 TI - [Myotonic dystrophy and liver parenchyma damage]. PMID- 7371506 TI - [Hospitalization of children and wards in a closed institution]. PMID- 7371508 TI - [Alcohol metabolism]. PMID- 7371509 TI - [Calomel]. PMID- 7371510 TI - [Endocarditis prevention in heart valve prosthesis]. PMID- 7371511 TI - [Cervical lymph node tuberculosis in childhood -- still a current problem (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371512 TI - [Andrenogenital syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Radioimmunologically estimated diurnal profiles of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17 OHP) showed clearly increased values in 15 patients with adrenogenital syndrome aged 9-19 years who had been treated for at least 4 1/2 years with cortisol. Increases were pronounced in the morning: at 8 hours 58.6 nmol/l, at 12 hours 22.2 nmol/l, at 18 hours 23.7 nmol/l on average. By changing cortisol medication, in particular due to split doses, morning 17-OHP peak values could be lowered and the whole daily profile could be improved: at 8 hours 17.9 nmol/l, at 12 hours 9.3 nmol/l, at 18 hours 8.1 nmol/l on average. The total cortisol dosage had to be increased only marginally from an average of 26.7 to 30 mg/m2 body surface, however, the evening dosage was increased from 20% to 38% on average of the total dose. Measurement of serum 17-OHP diurnal profile is thus advantageous in treatment of adrenogenital syndrome with cortisol when compared to values obtained from 24-hour urine collections. PMID- 7371513 TI - [Muscular lesion due to insertion of needle (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of insertion of a needle into muscle on the activity of creatine kinase and fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase in serum was measured in 23 patients undergoing electromyography because of suspected neurogenic (n = 18) or myogenic (n = 5) muscular atrophy. Myogenically atrophied muscle was easily vulnerable. In neurogenic atrophy and in healthy muscle the lesion was demonstrable in enzyme changes only when muscular work followed the insertion of the needle. Activity of so-called muscle enzymes is not only changed after intramuscular injections but also due to insertions of thin electrodes (electromyography). The vulnerability of muscules may provide information on the activity of an atrophying process. PMID- 7371514 TI - [African histoplasmosis of the lung (author's transl)]. AB - Lung resection showing giant cell (African) histoplasmosis was performed because of suspected lung tumour in a patient who had lived mainly in West Africa. A primary focus or signs of localisation in other organs were suspected radiographically in the maxilla and in the skeleton. However, they could not be confirmed as the patient declined further investigations for diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 7371516 TI - [Transveous cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic needle cholangiography]. PMID- 7371515 TI - [Development, destruction and regeneration of sceletal muscular fibers]. PMID- 7371517 TI - [Cough syncope]. PMID- 7371518 TI - [ERCP with injection needle]. PMID- 7371519 TI - [Chronic progredient or transitory radiation myelopathy?]. PMID- 7371520 TI - [Nitrosamine formation by pyrazolone derivatives?]. PMID- 7371521 TI - [Rules for testing of penicillin hypersensitivites]. PMID- 7371523 TI - [Fango packs]. PMID- 7371522 TI - [New ultrasonic method in diagnosis of testicular diseases]. PMID- 7371524 TI - [Induration penis plastica]. PMID- 7371525 TI - [Labil hypertension]. PMID- 7371526 TI - [Night sweat]. PMID- 7371527 TI - [Clinical significance of positive penicillin test reactions (author's transl)]. AB - Epicutaneous, scratch and intracutaneous tests with various penicillins and their major as well as minor determinants were performed on 495 patients either because they were suspected of having a penicillin allergy, or in order to exclude such allergy, or before starting penicillin treatment, or because they suffered from chronic recurrent urticaria. A positive test reaction occurred in 25%: 44% among those with a history pointing to penicillin allergy and 17.8% among those who were tested before treatment to exclude penicillin allergy. Positive reactions also occurred in 11% of patients with chronic recurrent urticaria, but in practically all instances were clinically without significance. D-Penicillamine (Metalcaptase) and penicilloyl-polysine in the intracutaneous test, penicillin-G sodium and ampicillin in the epicutaneous test gave the highest incidence of positive reactions. PMID- 7371528 TI - [Hemiplegic migraine in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - The first attack of hemiplegic migraine occurred in most cases between the 10th and 15th year of life in 14 children (8 boys and 6 girls). Most attacks took place with intervals of 3-6 and 6-12 months. Only rarely did they last longer than 24 hours. Precipitating factors (emotional and physical stress, change of weather, influence of light or heat) were given in 6 cases. As many as 7 children attended higher schools with good or average success. A family history, mainly from the maternal side, existed in 11 cases. Sensory symptoms were demonstrable in all children, motor symptoms in 9 and visual symptoms in 13. Ten children had speech disturbances. Hand, lower arm, cheek and tongue were most frequently involved in sensory and motor symptoms. Out of 9 attacks registered with an EEG severe focal signs (delta or theta-delta foci) were demonstrable contralaterally in all children, in 8 children there were also signs of generalized disturbances. PMID- 7371529 TI - [Haemobilia after intraoperative liver biopsy]. AB - Haemobilia occurred in a 61-year-old patient 30 days after intraoperative liver biopsy. The bleeding was so severe that left-sided lobectomy of the liver had to be performed. PMID- 7371530 TI - [Spironolactone in essential hypertension associated with abnormal aldosterone regulation and in Conn's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7371531 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of colonic diverticulitis]. PMID- 7371532 TI - [Qualification of the emergency doctor]. PMID- 7371534 TI - [Indications for shunt surgery]. PMID- 7371533 TI - [Instruments of intensive care unit. Pulmonary artery blood pressure determination (indications in internal intensive medicine)]. PMID- 7371536 TI - [Cerebrospinal lues]. PMID- 7371535 TI - [Gout]. PMID- 7371538 TI - [Leukocyte count in native urine]. PMID- 7371539 TI - [Surgery of the adrenals: result of 154 operations (author's transl)]. AB - Biochemical and radiological results, surgical technique and its results were critically analysed in a retrospective study of 154 operations on the adrenals in 127 patients, operated on between 1957 and 1980. There were no complications in 95 patients. In the remaining 32, both intra- and postoperative complication rate was greater after extraperitoneal than transabdominal approach to the adrenals. Postoperative mortality was 6%, but since 1967 only two patients have died in the postoperative period. Thromboembolic phenomena were the main cause of death, patients with Cushing's disease most commonly having this complication. PMID- 7371540 TI - [Significance of myocardial blood flow and metabolism in valvular aortic stenosis for the indication for operation (author's transl)]. AB - Coronary venous blood flow measured by continuous thermodilution, myocardial oxygen consumption and lactate extraction rate were estimated at rest and during graded heart rate exercise in 21 patients with compensated aortic valve stenosis and in 10 patients without heart disease. Significant differences between the groups were found only in coronary sinus flow, however not in coronary perfusion related to 100 g of left ventricular muscle mass. As regards indication for operation patients with aortic valve stenosis were differentiated according to transvalvular pressure differences. Pressure gradients of more than 90 mm Hg (n = 5) were associated with significant lowering of weight-related myocardial perfusion and oxygen consumption and high lactate production during stimulation. This evidence of myocardial ischaemia was also seen in 3 out of 11 patients with a pressure gradient between 51 and 90 mm Hg. The rest of the patients showed no significantly different measurements in comparison with the control group. Thus insufficient myocardial perfusion during exercise is likely in patients with transvalvular pressure differences of more than 90 mm/Hg and possible when the difference is more than 50 mm Hg. PMID- 7371541 TI - [How dangerous is splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease? (author's transl)]. AB - Serious complications aetiologically connected with the operation were found in 8 out of 51 patients (19 females, 32 males) who had undergone splenectomy for Hodgkin's disease. Weighing potential complications against the expected beneficial effects, clear indications for splenectomy are only found in stages I and IIa. In all more progressed clinical stages splenectomy should only be performed when 1) platelet deficiency existed prior to treatment, 2) additional irradiation of the splenic area is to be avoided, 3) oophoropexy is to be performed at the same time. When discussing the indication for splenectomy one should remember that a delay of treatment by approximately three weeks will result. PMID- 7371537 TI - [Conservative inguinal hernia treatment?]. PMID- 7371542 TI - [On informing patients: a study of doctor-surgical patient interaction (author's transl)]. AB - Test questions were given to almost 500 patients at regular intervals after their condition and surgical treatment had been discussed with them. Only 18% were able to reproduce the contents of the discussion, while 49% knew merely that the operation had been necessary and carried some danger. The remainder had no recollection of the content of the doctor's information. Because of these results, the technique of information giving was exactly analysed in 50 cases, both the doctor and the patient being given the same set of questions. Both doctor and patient in general took it as a matter of course that the other one had the same opinions; but this was frequently not the case. Patients who more than others stressed their physical complaints had a significantly higher rate of difference between the answers by the doctor and that by the patient. The study demonstrates that the technique of information giving needs to be more defined so that the patient both understands and accepts the information given. Thise can only be done in a talk in which the doctor can assess the patient's response and modify his explanations. PMID- 7371543 TI - [Extreme aggregation tendency of erythrocytes caused by a cold labile IgM paraprotein]. PMID- 7371544 TI - [Cyclophosphamide and vincristine in therapy of acute renal failure in idiopathic rhabdomyolysis?]. PMID- 7371546 TI - [Is hemodialysis an effective treatment of schizophrenia?]. PMID- 7371545 TI - [No quinidine interaction with digitoxin]. PMID- 7371548 TI - [Alopecia areata in diabetes]. PMID- 7371547 TI - [Diagnostic procedures in skeletal mestastases]. PMID- 7371549 TI - [Spontaneous regression of malignant melanoma?]. PMID- 7371550 TI - [Computer-assisted tomography, B-scan sonography and cerebral angiography in obliterations of the carotid artery (author's transl)]. AB - The real-time-B-scan is a new and essential method for diagnosing carotid stenoses. Whereas computer-assisted tomography shows only a minor sensitivity for detection of obliterations of cervical arteries, B-scan sonography has high sensitivity and specificity. B-scans should be increasingly performed both after uncertain clinical and computer tomographic findings prior to angiography of extracranial cerebral vessels. A more stringent indication for angiography and thus avoidance of investigational and irradiation risk can be achieved. Wide use of B-scan sonography may, through early recognition of carotid obliterations, lead to prevention of cerebral insults as patients can undergo vascular surgery at an early stage. PMID- 7371551 TI - [Teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs (author's transl)]. AB - Investigations were done on 111 children of epileptic mothers who used anticonvulsants in 93 pregnancies and none in 18 pregnancies. Hydantoinbarbiturate embryopathy was found in 7.1% after hydantoin monotherapy, in 17.6% after combination of hydantoin and barbiturates or primidone. No embryopathy was seen in children of untreated epileptic mothers. Children of untreated and treated epileptic mothers had an approximately equal frequency of marked single malformations and cerebral damage without dysmorphia. However, malformation and cerebral damage without dysmorphia was found significantly more frequently in children of mothers on anticonvulsant drugs with convulsions during pregnancy as compared to children of mothers without convulsions. Single manifestations and cerebral damage without dysmorphia are probably not caused by anticonvulsants but by convulsions during pregnancy. PMID- 7371552 TI - [Treatment of urinary urge incontinence with clenbuterol (author's transl)]. AB - Ten female patients with motor and 16 with sensory urge incontinence were treated with clenbuterol, a beta 2-sympathicomimetic drug, over a period of at least 4 weeks with a dosage of 10 microgram t.i.d. Urodynamic volumes increased significantly in sensory urge incontinence during the first and maximal urinary urgency; the tonometric index clearly decreased. Autonomous detrusor contraction, characteristic of motor urge incontinence, could be decreased or suppressed by clenbuterol. Urodynamic pressure characteristics were equally reduced significantly at first and maximal urinary urgency. In comparison, treatment of pure stress incontinence in 9 female patients led to no changes of measurements even after two weeks. PMID- 7371553 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma (author's transl)]. AB - Kaposi's sarcoma of the skin and an aplastic syndrome occurred together in a 51 year-old patient. Macroscopically livid papules and nodules were observed. Histomorphologically endotheliomatous cell proliferation with signs of infiltrative growth was found. Because of the aplastic pancytopenia cytostatic treatment of the Kaposi sarcoma was contraindicated. The patient finally died of vascular failure with haemorrhagic diathesis being manifest. Syntropy of Kaposi's sarcoma with malignant haematological diseases is known. However, association with aplastic anaemia has not been observed so far. The pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma is unknown. PMID- 7371554 TI - [Nocturnal calf cramps]. PMID- 7371555 TI - [Notes on nephrolithiasis--an interdisciplinary disease]. PMID- 7371556 TI - Articulation and language problems in childhood. PMID- 7371557 TI - Cleft palate and communication disorders. PMID- 7371558 TI - Etiology and treatment of stuttering. PMID- 7371559 TI - Disorders of phonation and their management. PMID- 7371560 TI - Speech rehabilitation for laryngectomized patients. PMID- 7371561 TI - Cricoid chondritis. PMID- 7371562 TI - Myiasis in otolaryngology. PMID- 7371563 TI - Clinical experiences with cryosurgical tonsillectomy. PMID- 7371564 TI - Complications of tracheostomy. PMID- 7371565 TI - Metastatic breast carcinoma presenting as a choanal polyp. PMID- 7371566 TI - Malignant melanoma of the hard palate. PMID- 7371567 TI - Audiology: defining hearing impairment. PMID- 7371569 TI - The performance of enrolled community nurses in the management of child morbidity at an integrated maternal child health clinic. PMID- 7371568 TI - The extracranial hypoglossal nerve: 112 cadaver dissection. PMID- 7371570 TI - Toxoplasmosis in hospitalized Ethiopians with lymphadenopathy. PMID- 7371571 TI - Drug scene in Ethiopia. PMID- 7371572 TI - Traditional medicine: past growth and future development in East Africa. PMID- 7371573 TI - Some possible infectious hazards due to blood transfusion in Nairobi. PMID- 7371574 TI - Leg ulcers in haemoglobinopathies. PMID- 7371576 TI - Medico-legal responsibilities of medical and dental practitioners. PMID- 7371575 TI - Salmonella paratyphi meningitis in infancy. PMID- 7371577 TI - Accommodation defects of the intrauterine contraceptive device. PMID- 7371578 TI - Maternal mortality in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, 1974-1977. PMID- 7371580 TI - Obstetric aspects of adolescent pregnancy. PMID- 7371581 TI - Ovarian cancer in Kenya. PMID- 7371582 TI - Review of abortions at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. PMID- 7371579 TI - Perinatal mortality at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. PMID- 7371583 TI - Obstetric emergency referrals to Kenyatta National Hospital. PMID- 7371584 TI - Focusing on maternal mortality and morbidity. PMID- 7371585 TI - Pelvic inflammatory disease: review of current practice. PMID- 7371586 TI - Kenya's maternal, child health/family planning programme. PMID- 7371589 TI - Regulation of nocturnal prolactin surges during pregnancy in the rat. PMID- 7371588 TI - Some nutritional aspects of pregnancy in rural Kenya. PMID- 7371587 TI - The quality of care in an antenatal clinic in Kenya. PMID- 7371590 TI - Inhibition of hepatic outer ring monodeiodination of thyroxine and 3,3',5' triiodothyronine by sodium salicylate. PMID- 7371591 TI - Enhanced conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine by the neonatal rat pituitary. PMID- 7371592 TI - Hormonal effects on the quantitative transplantation of monodispersed rat thyroid cells. PMID- 7371593 TI - Characterization of a unique population of unfilled estrogen-binding sites associated with the nuclear fraction of immature rat uteri. AB - Studies were initiated to determine whether resident nuclear estrogen receptors with unfilled binding sites existed in the nuclear fraction of uteri from untreated immature rats. These studies revealed a small population (mean +/- SEM, 0.087 +/- 0.017 pmol/uterus) of unfilled estrogen-binding sites in the uterine nuclear fraction from untreated immature rats, which bound [3H]estradiol in the absence of added cytoplasmic receptor. These nuclear estrogen-binding sites occurred in addition to the 0.60--1.2 pmol estrogen-binding activity/uterus in the uterine cytoplasmic fraction of these animals. [3H]Estradiol bound reversibly with high affinity (apparent Kd = 1.4 x 10(-10)M to these binding sites, and only estrogenic compounds competed for this binding. Binding studies done at a variety of temperatures (0--37 C) showed that there were no estradiol-filled receptor sites associated with the nuclear fraction. In addition, these unfilled nuclear estrogen-binding sites remained unfilled 15 min after injections of either 1.0 or 0.1 micrograms estradiol/rat. Extraction of these sites was achieved with 0.4 M KCl, and when this extract was centrifuged on a 5--20% linear 0.010 M Tris-HCl, 0.0015 M Na2EDTA, and 0.40, M KCl sucrose gradient, the binding activity exhibited a sedimentation coefficient of 3.6S. These unfilled nuclear estrogen binding sites did not appear to have arisen as a contaminant from the estrogen binding proteins present in either uterine cytoplasm or serum during tissue homogenization. The existence of these unfilled nuclear estrogen-binding sites does not represent a major exception to the classical two-step theory of estrogen action; instead, they seem to be novel forms of the estrogen receptor whose physiological role has not been determined. PMID- 7371594 TI - Evidence against a major role of L-thyroxine at the pituitary level: studies in rats treated with iopanoic acid (telepaque). AB - To determine whether T4 has an intrinsic effect at the pituitary level, it would be important to block conversion of T4 to T3 completely. We have attempted to achieve this with iopanoic acid (IOP), a radiographic contrast agent. We have then measured in the same animals the effects of such treatment on the conversion of T4 to T3 or on the deiodination of T3 and on the pituitary response to a dose of T4 or T3. Plasma TSH levels and pituitary GH content were measured as biological end points. Thyroidectomized rats were injected with a single dose of T4 (1.7 micrograms/100 g BW) labeled with [125I]T4 (Exp A) or with a single dose of T3 (0.33 microgram/100 g BW) labeled with [125I]T3 (Exp B) and treated with IOP or solvent. Animals of Exp A were killed 24 h after iodothyronine injection and those of Exp B were killed 4, 12, and 24 h after injection of the iodothyronine. The concentrations of [125I]T4 and [125I]T3 were measured in several tissues, including the anterior pituitary, after extraction and paper chromatography and quantified with the aid of 131I-labeled markers added in vitro. Plasma and pituitary T3 and T4 plasma TSH, and pituitary GH were measured by specific RIAs. Results show that treatment with IOP markedly inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3 and the deiodination of T3. In IOP-treated thyroidectomized rats, the injection of T4 results in little, if any, effect at the pituitary level, despite an almost 3-fold increase in the percentage of injected T4 found in the gland. Treatment with IOP does not inhibit the effects of a T3 dose; if anything, they appear to be enhanced. It is concluded that, as assessed from biological responses involving the anterior pituitary, a dose of T4 has little if any effect other than that which can be attributed to the T3 generated from it. PMID- 7371595 TI - Differential response to estriol and estradiol in the mouse uterus: correlation to an additional nuclear event. PMID- 7371596 TI - Flutamide inhibits testosterone-induced masculine sexual behavior in male and female rats. PMID- 7371597 TI - Hormone responsiveness of a transplantable rat chondrosarcoma. II. Evidence for in vivo hormone dependence. AB - We have previously demonstrated that the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma responds to GH dependent serum factors in vitro by increasing amino acid transport and macromolecular synthesis. The question of in vivo hormone dependence was evaluated by studying the growth of the tumor in hypophysectomized rats. Tumor bearing hypophysectomized rats were treated with saline, T4, cortisone, bovine GH (bGH), or combinations of these hormones. Tumor growth was assessed in terms of tumor weight. Histological appearance was studied to ascertain the viability of the tumors and the relative contributions of cellularity vs. cartilage matrix to the weight of the chondrosarcoma. The weight of tumors grown in saline-treated hypophysectomized rats was less than 10% of the weight attained by tumors grown in normal rats for a comparable period of time. There was a greater relative cellularity in tumors grown in normal and hormone-treated hypophysectomized rats compared to that in tumors grown in saline-treated hypophysectomized rats. Tumors from saline-treated hypophysectomized rats had an atrophic appearance. Treatment of the hypophysectomized rats with bGH or cortisone increased the rate of tumor growth 5- to 6-fold and restored the histological appearance toward that of tumors grown in normal rats. A greater rate of tumor growth was effected by treatment with a combination of bGH and cortisone. T4 by itself did not stimulate chondrosarcoma growth in the hypophysectomized rat. Withdrawal of bGH and cortisone treatment from hypophysectomized rats after tumors were hormone stimulated caused a loss of the apparent exponential rate of growth observed in hypophysectomized rats treated through the full 38-day observation period. These data indicate that bGH and cortisone act in concert to stimulate the growth of the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma in vivo and that the tumor is hormone dependent. PMID- 7371598 TI - Modulation of serum and pituitary luteinizing hormone bioactivity by androgen in the rat. AB - The biological and immunological activities of serum and pituitary LH were analyzed in normal and castrated rats using the rat interstitial cell testosterone assay and RIAs for intact rat LH (rLH), rLH alpha, and rLH beta. After castration, the bioactivity to immunoactivity ratio of both serum and pituitary LH decreased by about 50% between the 5th and 25th days and returned to normal by 60 days. This decrease in the bioactivity to immunoreactivity ratio of LH in castrated males was not due to increased subunit production and was prevented by the administration of testosterone propionate (50 micrograms/day) from the time of castration. These observations indicate that androgens of their metabolites modify the bioactivity of the circulating and stored forms of the LH molecule. PMID- 7371599 TI - Delay of puberty onset in females due to suppression of growth hormone. PMID- 7371600 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of a porcine parotid hormone that stimulates dentinal fluid transport. AB - A parotid hormone (PH-A beta) has been isolated and purified from porcine parotid glands. The biological effect of the hormone is the stimulation of a dentinal fluid transport (DFT) in molar teeth of rats. The method for purifying the PH-A beta includes: extraction at pH 7 and 5, ultrafiltration through Amicon membranes, ion exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose, gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, and preparative electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The PH-A beta is characterized as a glycoprotein having a molecular weight of 8100 and containing 2% hexose. The amino acid composition suggests a molecule rich in glycine (46%) and proline (27.7%). Alanine, glutamic acid, arginine, serine, aspartic acid, leucine, and lysine account for the remaining 26% of the residues. The isoelectric point is pH 7.50. The partial N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined to be: NH2-Ala-Pro-Pro-Gly-Ala-Arg-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro Pro-(Glu)-(Pro)-?-(Pro)-(Pro)-Arg-(Pro)-(Pro)-(Pro)-Gly-(Gly)-(Gly). A 5.5 X 10(7)-fold increase in DFT activity has been achieved relative to the crude gland extract. As little as 9.7 pg PH-A beta are effective in stimulating DFT. The significance of the PH-A beta appears to be the maintenance of a functional DFT within teeth to allow the avascular dental tissues to meet their high metabolic requirements. PMID- 7371601 TI - Evidence for direct central nervous inhibition of LH secretion during sexual maturation of female rats. AB - Intact and ovariectomized female rats were bilaterally lesioned in the anterior part of the medial amygdaloid nucleus (AMN) at 15, 21 or 26 days of age. The onset of puberty and the LH concentration in the peripheral serum on the third day after lesioning, respectively, were recorded. Damage to the AMN on day 15 induced a significant delay of vaginal opening and the first puberal ovulation and suppressed completely the castration-induced increase of LH secretion. In contrast, females lesioned on day 21 showed true precocious puberty and a significant elevation of the LH level as compared to the ovariectomized controls. The LH-inhibiting effect of s.c. administered estradiol benzoate (0.05 micrograms/100 g/day) was not diminished by lesions produced at this age. Neither the onset of puberty nor the LH concentration were influenced by lesioning of the AMN on day 26. Estimation of the LH concentration in untreated female rats revealed a distinct decline between 19 and 23 days of age followed by a significant increase between days 24 and 26. The findings indicate a transient LH inhibiting activity of the medial amygdala in three-week-old female rats that is not related to the negative estrogen feedback. In other species, too, a temporary inhibitory action of the central nervous system may play a significant role in the prepuberal control of gonadotropin secretion. PMID- 7371602 TI - A simple technique for quantitative measurement of erythrocyte settling patterns in hemagglutination inhibition tests for immunologic hormone assay. AB - A simple technique for direct quantitative evaluation of hemagglutination or hemagglutination inhibition tests used in immunologic proteo-hormone assay systems is described. The test is performed in calibrated glass capillaries (internal diameter 2.5...4 mm) at horizontal position. After sedimentation the non-agglutinated erythrocytes form two fine parallel stripes along the bottom of the capillaries. The distance between the stripes depends on the amount of additional free antigen brought into the system. It can be measured by the slit of a micrometer screw or a corresponding equipped microscope and might be used as y-variable for drawing calibration curves. At well standardized test conditions and for selected concentration ranges coefficients of variation between 10 and 15% can be achieved. So quantitative determinations can be made without serial sample dilutions to be prepared, covering concentrations ranges between 1 to 10. PMID- 7371603 TI - [Thyroxine and triiodothyronine blood plasma concentrations in sows and newborn pigs]. AB - Plasma thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations of 11 sows and their 56 fetuses have been measured by radioimmunoassay between 80--112 days of intrauterine development. Similar measurements were carried out in 20 piglets of 2 litters up to 24 hours of age and in sows; the latter within a period of 3 days before and 3 days after parturition. The average T3 concentration in the fetus was 0.30--0.41 ng/ml, that of T4 showed great variations between the litters. After 106 and 112 days of intrauterine development either a high (84 +/- and 159 +/- 24 ng/ml) or a low T4 concentration (18 +/- 10 and 11 +/- 5ng/ml) has been confirmed. At birth sows had a significantly lower plasma hormone concentration than the newborn piglets. After parturition the T4 concentration than the newborn piglets. After parturition the T4 concentration decreased significantly in the first 12 hours of life, while that of T3 increased significantly. In sows, pre- and intrapartal serum T4 and T3 concentrations were significantly lower than post partum. PMID- 7371604 TI - Identification and metabolic differentiation of rat neurophysins: a microelectrophoretic study. AB - Proteins of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of the rat were studied by means of a purpose-modified form of microelectrophoresis in the polyacrylamide gradient. The respective shares of neurophysins I, II and III in total neurophysin were found to be 58 +/- 16, 24 +/- 5 and 18 +/- 6% in HCl extracts and 48 +/- 7, 30 +/- 7 and 23 +/- 5% in aqueous extracts. In particular, neurophysin I was absent in homozygous Brattleboro rats, with no evidence being obtained as to aberrant neurophysins. Approximately equal neurophysin shares were observed for heterozygous Brattleboro rats. Using perfused material, one of the fractions occurring in neurohypophysial extracts was clearly identified as serum albumin. The electropherograms of aqueous neurohypophysial extracts revealed up to 43 protein fractions. Comparison with extracts from the median eminence, the nuclei of the hypothalamo-neurohyophysial system and other hypothalamic regions, as well as the results of incubation experiments distinguished one fraction as a possible candidate for the hitherto hypothetical neurophysin precursors. Incubation of neurohypophyses did not yield any signs of both conversion of neurophysin II into neurophysin III, and formation of further neurophysin derivatives. PMID- 7371605 TI - The hypothalamic and neurohypophysial vasopressor and oxytocic activities as influenced by beta-adrenergic blockade during long-term dehydration in the white male rat. AB - Rats dehydrated up to 12 days were given intraperitoneally propranolol hydrochloride in daily dose of 1.0 mg/100 g of initial body weight. In not dehydrated animals the only dose of propranolol increased significantly the vasopressin and oxytocin release from the neurohypophysis. In dehydrated animals propranolol restrained somewhat the decrease of vasopressin in the neurohypophysis, but intensified the vasopressin depletion in the hypothalamus. The oxytocic potency of both the neurohypophysis and hypothalamus decreased progressively in animals deprived of water. Propranolol potentiated this effect of osmoreceptor stimulation. PMID- 7371606 TI - Decreased free water excretion after indomethacin in the absence of antidiuretic hormone in saline loaded hypophysectomized Wistar and hydrapaenic Brattleboro rats. AB - Indomethacin (40 mg kg-1 in a single dose) was applied by stomach tube to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins during extracellular fluid volume expansion with isotonic saline in normal and acutely (2 h) hypophysectomized Wistar rats and hydropaenic diabetes insipidus Brattleboro rats. In the normal rats indomethacin reduced urine output due to decreased free water excretion. In the rats deprived of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by acute hypophysectomy or due to hereditary eror in ADH synthesis indomethacin also decreased the urine output and clearance of osmotically free water. It is concluded that also other mechanisms besides the established competition between ADH and prostaglandins for ADH receptors may be responsible for the indomethacin effect on the osmotic movement of water in the distal nephron. PMID- 7371607 TI - Involvement of a cholinergic mechanism in the mediation of hippocampal influences on female sexual maturation and somatic development. AB - Female Wistar rats were bilaterally lesioned in the anterior part of the ventral hippocampus (VHPC) at 21, 26 or 32 days of age. Irrespective of the age at lesioning a significant delay of vaginal opening and of the first ovulation was recorded. This delay of the onset of puberty was consistently associated with a retardation of the body weight increase. Both the puberty-delaying and growth retarding effects of VHPC lesions produced on day 21 could be prevented by daily s.c. injections of 50 micrograms/100 g b.w. pyridostigmine from day 21 till vaginal opening, but not by the administration of 2 mg/100 g/day pargyline. The findings suggest a cholinergic mediation of stimulatory effects exerted by the hippocampus on sexual maturation and somatic development. PMID- 7371608 TI - Obstetrician's view of the physiology of equine parturition and dystocia. AB - The author reviews 40 years of clinical experience including more than 1000 cases of dystocia in mares of different breeds. The high incidence of stillbirth and perinatal mortality of the foal, severe lesions of the genital tract developing during foaling and in the early post partum period are discussed and suggestions made for their prevention and treatment. The advantages of partial embryotomy to avoid unnecessary caesarean sections are emphasised. Special attention is given to the causes of and approach to cases of prolonged gestation; to dystocia caused by retroversion of preparturient torsion of the uterus; and to transverse presentation developed from bicornual pregnancy, regarded as the most important indication for caesarean section. Recommendations are proposed to improve the results of caesarean section for the mare and foal. PMID- 7371609 TI - The priority for equine research. AB - An attempt is made to review the validity of the claim that more equine research is required with the conclusion that the problems in the equine field that would respond to research must be listed and each assigned a degree of priority according to suggested criteria. Future action will then depend upon identifying or stimulating scientific initiative and seeking the required financial support noting that self help from the equine industry has not been adequately utilised. PMID- 7371610 TI - The application of high-speed cinematography for the quantitative analysis of equine locomotion. AB - Locomotive disorders constitute a serious problem in horse racing which will only be rectified by a better understanding of the causative factors associated with disturbances of gait. This study describes a system for the quantitative analysis of the locomotion of horses at speed. The method is based on high-speed cinematography with a semi-automatic system of analysis of the films. The recordings are made with a 16 mm high-speed camera run at 500 frames per second (fps) and the films are analysed by special film-reading equipment and a mini computer. The time and linear gait variables are presented in tabular form and the angles and trajectories of the joints and body segments are presented graphically. PMID- 7371611 TI - Equine locomotion; 1. The analysis of linear and temporal stride characteristics of trotting standardbreds. AB - The movements of the individual limbs of 30 clinically sound Standardbred trotters were studied using high-speed cinematography. At a speed of 12 metres per second (m/sec; 1:23.6 min/km) the mean stride length was 545 cm and the mean duration of the stride was 455 milliseconds (msecs). The stance phase in the forelimbs was 100 msecs and 177 msecs in the hindlimbs. This difference was due to a longer restraint period in the hindlimbs and resulted in slightly shorter swing phases for the hindlimbs. The variations in any particular horse for stride length and for the duration of stride, stance, swing and propulsion were very small (variation coefficient: approximately 2 per cent). For the restraint stage, however, the variation coefficient was around 5 per cent. The variations noted between different horses were generally 2 to 3 times greater than those recorded for the same horse. There was a close correlation between stride and swing phase duration, suggesting that the swing phase was the main contributor to the stride time variations of different horses trotting at the same speed. The restraint and propulsion stages did not seem to play an important role in this respect for this group of animals. PMID- 7371612 TI - Equine locomotion: 2. The analysis of coordination between limbs of trotting standardbreds. AB - A high-speed cinematographic analysis of interlimb time and linear gait characteristics was carried out at racing speed (12.0 m/sec; 1:23.6 min/km) in 30 clinically sound Standard-bred trotters. In respect of the whole group of horses the racing trot was found to be a very regular and symmetric gait. The variation coefficient between different horses ranged from 8 to 21 per cent depending on the particular characteristic being investigated. The variations recorded in individual animals were about 60 per cent less than those found for the whole group. The most stable characteristics were the duration and length of the step. Some horses exhibited striking gait asymmetries and the possible causes are considered. It is also observed that some trotters adopt a transition of gait that cannot be classified as a trot. PMID- 7371613 TI - Equine locomotion: 3. The reproducibility of gait in standardbred trotters. AB - The reproducibility of certain gait characteristics was investigated in Standardbred trotters at a speed of 12.0 m/sec. Twenty-two horses were recorded twice on the same day and 4 of them on a third occasion 3 years later. The short term reproducibility was shown to be very good. In the long-term study it was found that the stride length and duration of swing and stride had increased. This was interpreted as an effect of training. PMID- 7371614 TI - Studies on the efficacy of fenbendazole used in a divided dosage regime against strongyle infections in ponies. AB - The efficacy of a fenbendazole divided dose regime against immature stages of Trichonema spp, Strongylus vulgaris and Strongylus edentatus was evaluated. A group of 8 naturally infected 30 to 36-month-old ponies was divided into 2 equal groups on the basis of previous treatment and faecal egg counts, one group being treated with 7.5 mg/kg bwt of fenbendazole daily for 5 days. This treatment regime removed 80 per cent of migrating S vulgaris larvae, 100 per cent of migrating S edentatus larvae and 95 per cent of the mucosal stages of Trichonema spp. In addition, a virtual 100 per cent elimination of adult stages of large and small strongyles was obtained. PMID- 7371615 TI - Relationship between QRS-duration (heart score) and racing performance in trotters. AB - Heart scores increased with age and training. Yearlings had average heart scores of approximately 90 milliseconds (msecs). This increased to approximately 110 msecs in 5-year-old horses, after which there was only slight further increase. In horses 4 years or older, regression analysis revealed a highly significant correlation between heart score and kilometre time. In younger horses the level of significance was less. There was a positive correlation between heart scores and earnings in races. Thus, horses with heart scores above 115 msecs had won considerably more than horses with lower heart scores. This relationship was closer in stallions than in mares. PMID- 7371616 TI - Low doses of oxytocin can induce foaling at term. AB - Levels of the major circulating metabolite of prostaglandin F-2 alpha, 13, 14 dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGFM) were measured during the induction of foaling using small (2.5-10 iu) intravenous doses of oxytocin. PGFM levels rose rapidly in all animals within 15 min of injection and were associated with typical signs of second stage labour. Because these small doses of oxytocin are effective in successfully triggering parturition it is suggested that higher doses (40-120 iu) used to induce birth in other studies are unnecessary and could be potentially dangerous to the foetal foal. PMID- 7371617 TI - Heparin treatment of an equine corneal ulcer. PMID- 7371618 TI - Strategic employment of food. PMID- 7371619 TI - Towards more ethical and effective carrying out of applied research across cultural or class lines. PMID- 7371620 TI - Ethical responsibility in physician-patient communication. PMID- 7371621 TI - Case management of patients perceived as suit-prone. PMID- 7371622 TI - Is biology relevant to ethics? Yet another entry into the sociobiology debate. PMID- 7371623 TI - Vibration-induced decrease in the muscle force in lumberjacks. AB - Isometric maximal hand grip force was measured with a strain gauge dynamometer in 91 lumberjacks and 31 controls during a 2-min compression-relaxation task. Measurements were carried out on both hands with and without simultaneous vibration exposure. The muscle forces of older subjects were smaller than those of younger men, independent of occupational vibration exposure. The fatigue curves of lumberjacks and control subjects had the same shape. During vibration exposure in the test, the forces diminished in the left hand significantly in the lumberjacks but not in the control subjects. The force level of fatigue curves of the lumberjacks with a history of diminished grip force was lower and decreased more during vibration exposure than in the lumberjacks with a history of normal grip force. The reduction in the hand grip force during vibration exposure in the lumberjacks seemed to be linked to lesions in the peripheral nerves and to activation of a tonic vibration reflex, but probably not to circulation disturbances. The fatigue mechanism seemed to be the same in lumberjacks and control subjects. PMID- 7371624 TI - The validity of indirect estimations of maximal oxygen uptake in children 11-12 years of age. AB - The predictability of maximal oxygen uptake was tested on 123 normal, healthy children (80 boys and 43 girls) aged 11-12 years. Submaximal and maximal heart rate and maximal oxygen uptake were measured. VO2 max was calculated using the Astrand and Ryhming nomogram. The calculated values for VO2 max (without correction for differences in maximal heart rate) were lower than when measured directly, the average differences being 26% in boys and 23% in girls. Accuracy of the calculated maximal oxygen uptake can be increased by using the proposed regression equations: Girls Y = 1.299 +0.502 predicted VO, max (r = 0.82) 1/min, Boy Y - 1.444 + 0.522 predicted VO2 max (r = 0.52) l/min. PMID- 7371626 TI - Effects of fasting and refeeding on the metabolic response to a standard meal in man. AB - Measurements of resting and exercising metabolic rate were made on eight subjects (five male, three female) before and after consumption of a standard liquid meal (1.67 MJ). This test was conducted after a day of complete fast and again after a day of overeating (average intake, 19.8 MJ). There were no significant changes in resting or exercising metabolic rate due to the previous day's energy intake. The resting thermic effect (post-prandial rise in metabolic rate) of the standard meal was similar on both test days but the exercising thermic effect was 50% greater after the day of overeating. It was concluded that the metabolic response to food in exercising subjects may be affected by the previous day's energy intake but the overall energetic efficiency of the body at rest and during exercise is unaffected. PMID- 7371625 TI - Effects of strength training and immobilization on human muscle fibres. AB - Seven healthy male subjects were studied under control conditions and following 5 6 months of heavy resistance training and 5-6 weeks of immobilization in elbow casts. Cross-sectional fibre areas and nuclei-to-fibre ratios were calculated from cryostat sections of needle biopsies taken from triceps brachii. Training resulted in a 98% increase in maximal elbow extension strength as measured by a Cybex dynamometer, while immobilization resulted in a 41% decrease in strength. Both fast twitch (FT) and slow twitch (ST) fibre areas increased significantly with training by 39% and 31%, respectively. Immobilization resulted in significant decreases in fibre area by 33% for FT and 25% for ST fibres. The observed nuclei-to-fibre ratio was 10% greater following the training programme. However, this change was non-significant. There was also a non-significant correlation between the magnitude of the changes in fibre size and the changes in maximal strength following either training or immobilization. PMID- 7371627 TI - Fast and slow motor units: their recruitment for tonic and phasic contraction in normal man. AB - Most skeletal muscles include at least two types of MU's. Then, it has been stated that the properties of each MU may imply its specific recruitment in static or dynamic work. To test this hypothesis, the activities of biceps brachii MU's have been recorded during voluntary static contraction followed without any break by dynamic contraction. The MU's activity was recorded by means of wire electrodes. From 45 tests carried out on 15 normal subjects in which 78 MU's were studied it has been found that: (1) the same MU may discharge both in static and in dynamic work; (2) in both types of work the MU's firing rate and recruitment only depend on the external force. For example, a single MU which does not discharge for a given level of static force will discharge during the following dynamic work, but can also be recruited for a higher level of static force. Thus, it can be said that the qualification "tonic" and "phasic", characterize the MU's twitches and do not imply any static-dynamic differentiation. A comparison has been made between the patterns of MU activity which occur in movement against load and those which have been found in movement against inertia. It is suggested that while the latter are preprogrammed, the former fall under a feed-back control. PMID- 7371628 TI - The synergy of elbow extensor muscles during static work in man. PMID- 7371629 TI - Use of girth measurements for estimating body volume and body density in Indian girls aged 10-19 years. AB - Mean values and standard deviations of total body volume, body density, height, weight, and a battery of 20 girth measurements of 200 Punjabi girls aged 10-19 years are presented. Selective stepwise multiple regression equations for predicting total body volume and body density from girth measurements are also given for different age groups. Hip girth was the most commonly selected measurement at the first step in most age groups and the values of 'r' between hip girth and total body volume ranged between 0.86-0.96 in different age groups. The values of multiple 'R' between total body volume and a combination of first four selected girth measurements varied from 0.96-0.99 in different age groups. The values of multiple 'R' between body density and a combination of four girth measurements selected up to fourth step ranged between 0.73-0.92 in different age groups. PMID- 7371631 TI - Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry (NC-IUB). Enzyme Nomenclature. Recommendations 1978. Supplement 1: Corrections and additions. PMID- 7371632 TI - Initiation factor eIF-2 from wheat germ. Purification, functional comparison to eIF-2 from rabbit reticulocytes and phosphorylation of its subunits. PMID- 7371630 TI - Blood pyruvate recovery curves after short heavy submaximal exercise in man. AB - Arterial pyruvate and lactate concentrations were measured after short heavy submaximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer, at 10 or 30 s time intervals, on six male subjects. During most of the first 2 min of recovery pyruvate concentration decreased. Thereafter, it increased and reached its maximum within the 5th to 9th min of recovery. Finally, it decreased gradually as a function of time. Recovery curves could be accurately described after a short delay time following the end of the exercise, by a sum of three exponential terms according to the equation: (Formula: see text), where the time origin (to) is fixed at about 1-1.5 min(delay time) after the end of exercise, t is the time after to, Y(O) and Y(t) are the concentrations of pyruvate respectively at times zero and T, and Ai and zi are constants. The velocity constant of the final arterial blood pyruvate decrease was similar to that of the simultaneously measured lactate, indicating that the rate of lactate removal is closely related to that of pyruvate. This is consistent with the fact that pyruvate is a necessary intermediate in the lactate metabolism. PMID- 7371633 TI - Subcytoplasmic distribution of thyroglobulin mRNA in normal sheep thyroid. AB - The thyroglobulin 33-S mRNA was isolated from sheep thyroid total polysomes. The 33-S RNA, twice purified on a 1% sodium dodecylsulfate/sucrose gradient, was 30 fold enriched in thyroglobulin messenger activity and was estimated as 50% pure by its messenger activity and 80% pure by the electrophoretic profile. It was used as template for complementary DNA synthesis and hybridized up to 85% of the DNA copy with pseudo-first-order kinetics. Back-hybridization kinetics showed that the purified mRNA corresponds to a major kinetic component with a base sequence complexity of 10000 nucleotides as determined by comparison to globin mRNA. Cross-reactivity of [3H]cDNA with liver RNA is less than 10%. Restriction endonuclease digestion of [3H]cDNA yielded a discrete band pattern. The distribution of thyroglobulin mRNA among free polysomes, membrane-bound polysomes and extrapolysomal pools was analyzed using hybridization to the specific [3H]cDNA probe. Free particles were recovered in the supernatant and membrane bound particles in the pellet after a brief centrifugation of detergent-free homogenate (5 min at 27000 x g: procedure A; 12 min at 130000 x g: procedure B) with precautions taken to avoid cross-contamination. Using procedure A, 80% of thyroglobulin mRNA sequences were found in the membrane-bound fraction. Using procedure B, where contamination of free particles by membrane-bound particles was avoided by high-speed initial centrifugation and further isolation through a discontinuous sucrose gradient, 95-98% of thyroglobulin mRNA sequences were recovered in membrane-bound polysomes. In total polysomes, 89% of thyroglobulin mRNA sequences were in the polysomal area and shifted to ribosomal subunits after EDTA treatment. PMID- 7371634 TI - Limited proteolysis and a reactive cysteine residue define accesible regions in the native conformation of the adenovirus hexon protein. AB - The sulfhydryl group of one cysteine residue in the adenovirus hexon protein is accessible to alkylation in the absence of denaturating agents. This residue was [14C]carboxymethylated and characterized in peptides after proteolytic treatments. It was identified in two different types of digest and corresponded to the cysteine residue most accessible to oxidation. It is located close to residue 670 in the tentative amino acid sequence of the entire polypeptide. Trypsin has a highly limited action on the native hexon protein. Only three peptide bonds are fully susceptible to cleavage. These were found to occur in the N-terminal third of the protein, and were characterized as cleavages close to positions 150, 180 and 320 in the tentative structure of the polypeptide. Trypsin therefore liberates four fragments in major yield, with approximate Mr of 3000, 15000, 17000 and 78000. The smallest fragment corresponds to a highly acidic region. A limited, but less restricted susceptibility of hexon to chymotryptic cleavage was also found, and four major sites were characterized. The cysteine labelling and the proteolytic treatments define accessible regions in the native conformation of hexon. Together with previously assigned residue distributions, they suggest the subdivision of the entire polypeptide chain into three approximately equal parts, with accessible sites in the border regions, as well as in the middle of at least the N-terminal third. One model compatible with all data is presented. PMID- 7371635 TI - Analytical subcellular fractionation of rat liver with special reference to the localisation of putative plasma membrane marker enzymes. AB - A method for the subcellular fractionation of rat liver using whole homogenates of rat liver and analytical sucrose density gradient centrifugation is presented. The distributions in the sucrose gradients of marker enzymes for all organelles have been determined for control homogenates and for homogenates prepared in the presence of selective membrane perturbants. This technique is not subject to potential loss of information inherent in the use of postnuclear supernatants as starting material for fractionation experiments. Particular attention has been paid to the distributions of putative plasma membrane marker enzymes, up to 50% of which may be found in the nuclear pellet. Gamma-Glutamyltransferase has been found to be entirely plasma membrane in location but has a different distribution pattern when compared with other plasma membrane markers. Particulate alkaline phosphatase and alkaline phosphodiesterase are shown to have bimodal distribution, one peak of which is coincident with 5'-nucleotidase. The other peak is coincident with that of the golgi marker, galactosyltransferase, but the membrane structure containing these activities shows characteristics of plasma membrane rather than golgi apparatus. PMID- 7371636 TI - Functional role of ribosylthymine in transfer RNA. Preferential utilization of tRNAs containing ribosylthymine instead of uridine at position 54 in protein synthesis of Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 7371637 TI - Polypeptide-synthesizing activity of eukaryotic chromatin. Properties, dependence on poly(ADP-ribose) and connection with the cell cycle. AB - Isolated nuclei incubated with [14C]protein hydrolysate are shown to incorporate labelled amino acids into the acid-insoluble fraction. Purified chromatin and the complex of DNA with firmly bound proteins possess similar ability. The optimum pH of the reaction is 6.5-7.0, 2 mM MgCl2 stimulates incorporation, the temperature optimum is 37-40 degrees C. Chloramphenicol depresses incorporation by 70%, puromycin by 40%, cycloheximide does not affect the chromatin activity. Incorporation does not depend on the presence of ATP or GTP, and is substantially inhibited by deoxyribonuclease but not by ribonuclease treatment of chromatin or of the nuclei. Specific activity of firmly bound chromatin non-histone proteins is higher than that of labile bound ones; histones are not labelled. After pronase treatment of proteins radioactivity changes to an acid-soluble state. The molecular weight of isolated labelled polypeptides is about 6000 as shown by gel filtration and the analysis of NH2-terminal amino acids. Labelled polypeptides firmly bound to DNA consist of 7-10 amino acids. Specific activity of proteins firmly bound to DNA increases linearly with the time of incubation of chromatin with [14C]protein hydrolysate, the activity curve of labile bound non-histone proteins has a distinct sygmoid character. The polypeptide-synthesizing activity of rat liver chromatin increases between 9 h and 21 h after partial hepatectomy. Irradiation with 800 rads 30 min before the operation prevents activation of amino acid incorporation. From nine amino acids studied alanine, methionine, lysine, tyrosine and arginine are not incorporated in the system described. Glutamic acid is polymerized most effectively. Glutamine, asparagine and glycine are incorporated 7-8 times less. The data are given indicating that the incorporation is not random when an amino acid mixture is present. Preincubation of chromatin with NAD+ but not with its analogues increases the polypeptide synthesizing activity of chromatin. The activation is prevented by thymidine and nicotinamide. Storage (18 h at 2-4 degrees C) brings about a complete loss of the polypeptide-synthesizing activity of chromatin. The ability of 'old' chromatin to incorporate amino acids can be restored by preincubating it with NAD+. Storage of chromatin in the presence of 5 mM adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) does not result in decrease of the polypeptide-synthesizing activity. It is assumed that poly-(ADP-ribose) is the energy source for amino acid activation in the system described. PMID- 7371638 TI - Molecular architecture of annelid erythrocruorins. Extracellular hemoglobin of Arenicola marina (Polychaeta). AB - The respiratory protein, erythrocruorin, of the annelid Arenicola marina was investigated. Spectral properties show many analogies with those of vertebrate hemoglobine. 144 heme groups (ferroprotoporphyrin) were found in the whole molecule, which has a relative molecular mass of 3.56 X 10(6), as determined by sedimentation equilibrium, and an isoelectric point of 4.69. Protein dissociation patterns were analysed by electrophoresis after denaturation in the presence of dodecylsulfate, with and without 2-mercaptoethanol. A tentative model associating molecular mass of the native molecule, heme content, molecular mass of the polypeptide chains and functional properties is proposed. A twelfth subunit of A. marina erythrocruorin would contain twelve heme groups arranged in three functional units made up of four protomers, half of these being covalently bound to non-heme chains; two structural chains would be spatially arranged as bonds between the subunits. PMID- 7371639 TI - Isolation and translation in vitro of four related vitellogenin mRNAs of estrogen stimulated Xenopus laevis. AB - Cloning of vitellogenin cDNA of Xenopus laevis revealed that vitellogenin is encoded in a small family of genes representing two distantly related main groups A and B, each comprising two more closely related subgroups A1, A2, and B1, B2 respectively. To characterize the proteins derived from these genes we have isolated the corresponding mRNAs by hybridizing, under stringent conditions, cytoplasmic poly(a)-containing RNA from the liver of estrogen-stimulated Xenopus to filter-bound cDNA clones containing sequences specific for all four vitellogenin genes. Hybridization of the isolated mRNAs with nick-translated cDNA clones revealed that contamination of the mRNAs by those of the other main group was less than 0.1%. Melting curves of the hybrids prepared with the isolated mRNAs and cDNA clones specific for the four vitellogenin genes showed that the isolated vitellogenin mRNAs are also specific for the four subgroups. Analysis of R loops formed between isolated mRNAs and cDNA clones representing the corresponding subgroup further indicated about 10% cross-contamination between the more closely related mRNAs. In a reticulocyte lysate each of the four mRNAs coded for a 200 000-Mr protein immunoprecipitable by monospecific vitellogenin antibody. From these results we conclude that the four different mRNAs A1, A2, B1 and B2, which all can be isolated efficiently, code for vitellogenin and are expressed simultaneously in response to estrogen stimulation. PMID- 7371641 TI - The nucleotide sequences of the 5'-terminal T1 oligonucleotides of Semliki-Forest virus 42-S and 26-S RNAs are different. AB - To study the mechanism of the synthesis of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) 26-S RNA, we have isolated the 5'-terminal 'cap'-containing RNase-T1-resistant oligonucleotide (T1 cap) from the genomic 42-S RNA and from the subgenomic 26-S RNA and determined their nucleotide sequences. The T1 caps were purified from 32P labelled RNAs on two successive two-dimensional fractionation systems: (a) electrophoresis on cellulose acetate paper followed by homochromatography and (b) two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The T1 caps derived from the two RNAs had different mobilities in both systems. Their nucleotide sequence was found to be: m7G(5')ppp-(5')ApUpGp- for the 42-S RNA and m7G(5')ppp(5')ApUpUpGp- for the 26-S RNA, respectively. Thus, it appears that the 26-S RNA is not formed by initiation of the RNA polymerase at the 3' end of the negative-strand template followed by 'cleavage and splicing' or as the result of a 'polymerase jump'. Our results, instead, favour the model of internal initiation of the polymerase on the 42-S negative-strand RNA template. PMID- 7371640 TI - The Ca2+-binding glycoprotein as the site of metabolic regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ movements. AB - A change in the redox state of pyridine nucleotides such as that evoked by addition of oxaloacetate has been shown to promote Ca2+ efflux from Ca2+ pre loaded respiring mitochondria. An affinity-chromatography-purified antibody preparation obtained against the mitochondrial Ca2+-binding glycoprotein inhibits the phenomenon. This finding suggests that the glycoprotein is involved also in the oxaloacetate-induced Ca2+ release. This conclusion is reinforced by the finding that Ca2+-binding glycoprotein shows four sites per molecule where the pyridine nucleotides may be bound. Binding of NAD+ occurs preferentially over the others and the binding shows positive cooperativity, indicating that the glycoprotein undergoes an allosteric change upon NAD+ binding. Interestingly, in addition, NAD+ lowers the affinity of the glycoprotein for Ca2+. The effect cannot be induced by NADH. Pyridine nucleotide phosphates, NADP+ and NADPH, are essentially not bound. The results are consistent with the view that the glycoprotein is the site of regulation of Ca2+ equilibration across the mitochondrial membrane and make it possible to conclude that the effector in the phenomenon is NAD+. PMID- 7371642 TI - Polyamines stimulate suppression of amber termination codons in vitro by normal tRNAs. AB - Polyamines, such as spermine and spermidine, are able to stimulate reading of amber termination codons on viral messenger RNAs in vitro. This phenomenon is not due to an overall increase of error frequency during translation, but to a specific effect on a normal tRNA that is present in various eukaryotic cell preparations. The enhancement of reading of termination codons by normal tRNAs should be of major importance for the expression of specific genes in eukaryotic cells. PMID- 7371643 TI - On the number of steroid-binding sites of delta 5-3-oxosteroid isomerase. AB - The number of steroid-binding sites in delta 5-3-oxosteroid isomerase of Pseudomonas testosteroni (EC 5.3.3.1) has been determined from measurements of the red shift of the ultraviolet chromophore of 19-nortestosterone upon binding to the enzyme. The experiments include spectroscopic measurements when limiting concentrations of either 19-nortestosterone or isomerase are titrated with varying concentrations of the complementary ligand. Analysis of the results indicates one binding site per subunit (Mr 13 394). Scatchard plots indicate a single family of equivalent binding sites. 5, 10-Secoestr-5-yne-3, 10, 17-trione is a suicide substrate of isomerase [Batzold & Robinson (1975) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 2576]. The time course for inactivation of isomerase with an excess of 5, 10 seco[7-3H]estr-5-yne-3, 10, 17-trione was parallel to the covalent incorporation of steroid and gave a final stoichiometry of nearly one steroid molecule per subunit of enzyme. Alkylation of [14C] isomerase with excess of this 3H-labeled steroid followed by gel-filtration and dialysis gave an inactivated enzyme with a 3H/14C ratio that corresponds to one molecule of steroid bound per subunit; this stoichiometry was constant over a wide range of protein concentrations (0.1--10 mg/ml). Diffusion of [3H]progesterone into hexagonal crystals of isomerase showed that at saturation one steroid molecule was bound per protomer. Taken together these findings strongly support the conclusion that one molecule of steroid is bound per subunit of isomerase both in solution and in the crystal state. PMID- 7371644 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase from the eukaryote, Chlamydomonas reinhardi. AB - DNA methyltransferase was purified 310-fold from a green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardi vegetative cells. The native enzyme of molecular weight 55 000--58 000 catalyzed the transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine to the 5 position of cytosine in DNA. Native DNA accepted methyl groups 10-fold more than did denatured DNA. The sequence specificity analysis of methylated deoxycytidine in vitro revealed that the enzyme introduces methyl groups preferentially into sequences containing 5'd(T-mC-R)3'. Kinetic analysis of the reaction indicated that the enzyme obeys a random sequential mechanism. The extent of saturation with methyl groups depends upon the species from which the DNA was obtained. Kinetic analysis of the reaction catalyzed by RNA polymerase II has indicated that DNA methylation decreases the rate of initiation of RNA synthesis, but does not affect the rate of RNA chain elongation. PMID- 7371645 TI - Studies by small-angle X-ray scattering of the quaternary structure of the 24-S component of the haemocyanin of Astacus leptodactylus in solution. AB - The haemocyanin of Astacus leptodactylus was studied in several buffers at three pH values. The best stability and lowest mean deviation on repeating the measurements were found at pH 7.2 in a Tris-HCl buffer. The following molecular parameters were determined: radius of gyration 6.90 nm, radius of gyration of the cross-section 3.87 nm, maximum dimension 21.5 nm, relative molecular mass 854000, volume 1440 nm3, hydration 0.27 g H2O/g protein. The theoretical scattering curves of a large number of models were calculated to find one fitting these data and the experimental scattering curve. The model with the best agreement was compared with an electron micrograph. PMID- 7371647 TI - Interactions between ellipticine and phospholipids. Effect of ellipticine and 9 methoxyellipticine on the phase behaviour of phosphatidylglycerols. A monolayer study. PMID- 7371646 TI - Relationships between alpha and beta secondary structures and amino-acid pseudosymmetrical arrangements. AB - A total of 51 polypeptides of known amino acid sequence and secondary structure have been screened for the presence of symmetrical arrangements of amino acids. Similarity between amino acids was derived by using a genetic test (minimum mutation distance) or a structural test (relative frequencies of amino acids substitutions in families of related proteins). It is shown that the frequency of proteins displaying symmetrical arrangements of amino acids is slightly higher than predicted by chance. In contrast, when the analysis is restricted to protein subregions displaying identical types of secondary structure, the frequency of proteins in which the alpha and beta subregions exhibit symmetrical arrangements of amino acids is significantly higher than predicted by chance. On the other hand, it is observed that more discriminatory results are always obtained when the structural test is used as a criterion for amino acid similarity. These data suggest that symmetrical arrangements of amino acids could result from structural constraints imposed either by the alpha or beta secondary structures. It is postulated that the regular alternation in hydrophobicity which is generally observed in the amino acid sub-sequences displaying alpha or beta secondary structures may be responsible for the occurrence of symmetrical arrangements of amino acids. PMID- 7371648 TI - Circular dichroism of elapidae protein toxins. AB - The effect of temperature variation on the circular dichroic spectra of four Elapid snake toxins (one short neurotoxin, two long neurotoxins and one cytotoxin) was determined and the results compared. The three neurotoxins have in common a delicately balanced conformation which can be perturbed independently of the predominant secondary structuring. Despite the many differences in sequence between long and short neurotoxins, the nature of this balance seems to be the same in both types and it is considered to involve an equilibrium between two defined conformers. Such properties could not be discerned in the cytotoxin studied, but related work suggests that they could nevertheless be present in some cases. In terms of global structure, long neurotoxins may have a greater proportion of 'random chain' inherent than short neurotoxins, the latter having extensive beta-sheet. The important feature of all toxins is deemed to be a conformational freedom defined by the secondary structuring and characteristic disulphide bridge formation. Possible relevance to toxicity of such a property is discussed. PMID- 7371649 TI - Phantom and amputation illusions in paraplegic patients. AB - In paraplegic patients, amputation illusions and anosognosia with phantom position illusions are distinct phenomena which do not concur in any one patient. A permanent amputation illusion regularly follows a complete spinal injury with concomitant brain concussion, whereas all patients who are conscious during their spinal trauma remain aware of their paralyzed limbs in definite phantom positions which are clearly related to the position of the body at the moment of injury. PMID- 7371650 TI - Conduction of electrically elicited impulses in peripheral nerves of diabetic patients. AB - Nerve conduction of single impulses and the ability to transmit frequent trains of stimuli were studied in sensory median and in sural nerves of controls and patients with diabetes mellitus. Decrease of relative amplitudes and increase of relative latencies were more marked in the diabetics as compared with normal controls when trains of stimuli were applied. An altered mode of the transmission of frequent trains could be demonstrated in 7 of 9 sural nerves and in 13 of 16 median nerves, which appeared to be normal when only a single stimulus was applied. PMID- 7371651 TI - Electroencephalography and computerized transaxial tomography in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. AB - Computerized transaxial tomography was carried out on 112 patients with partial seizures with complex symptomatology. Structural abnormalities were defined in 33% of their studies: tumors in 8 patients, diffuse cerebral atrophy in 2, focal cortical atrophy in 27 and vascular abnormality in 1 case. PMID- 7371653 TI - L-dopa and the secretion of sebum in Parkinsonian patients. AB - Sebum secretion was studied in 14 parkinsonian patients before and after 3 months of treatment with L-dopa. An abnormality of sebum secretion was shown to exist in parkinsonism. In 7 patients, successfully treated with L-dopa, sebum secretion diminished and its pattern improved. In all patients, in whom L-dopa treatment did not result in noticeable clinical changes, there was no significant modification in sebum secretion. No change was observed in the secretion of sebum of 5 normal control subjects, who were given L-dopa for 1 week. PMID- 7371652 TI - Calcium-dependent potassium transport in progressive muscular dystrophy. AB - The rates of calcium-dependent potassium efflux of red blood cells in 9 Duchenne muscular dystrophic patients were measured. A significant decrease was revealed in the Ca-provoked K transport when compared with the rates observed in healthy controls. Results are discussed on the basis of the theory of generalized membrane defect in progressive muscular dystrophies. PMID- 7371654 TI - The touch corpuscles of the plantar surface of the big toe. Histological and histometrical investigations with respect to age. AB - Meissner's corpuscles of the plantar surface of the big toe of 30 persons were investigated histologically and histometrically with respect to age. The number of corpuscles decreases exponentially with increasing age. During the first decades of life the corpuscles exhibit a steady lateral and longitudinal growth. At an advanced age an atrophy of Meissner's corpuscles occurs. In spite of considerable individual variations, a distinct dependency on age can be noticed. Certain diseases, particularly disorders resulting in polyneuropathies, may initiate changes in the numbers and the structure of the corpuscles. Possible interrelationships between morphological neurophysiological and clinical findings are discussed. PMID- 7371655 TI - Pial arteriolar reaction to intravenous administration of bencyclane in the cat. AB - In a series of 29 experiments in cats, the vasodilatory effect of Bencyclane on pial arterioles was investigated by means of the cranial window technique, using an image-splitting eyepiece, a photometric method or simple microscopic observation. Intravenous injection of 3 mg kg-1 led to vasodilatation in all experiments, yet decreased blood pressure within 30--40 sec until 5--6 min down to 70% of resting pressure. Mean maximal dilatation of arterioles with a 76 micrometers mean resting diameter was 53%. After normalization of blood pressure, arteriolar diameters remained increased by 5--10% for further 10 min, thus indicating increased cerebral blood flow for a total time of about 15 min. During intravenous infusion of 0.2--0.3 mg kg-1min-1 of the drug, pial arterioles dilated by about 10% with blood pressure remaining on resting levels. A higher dosage rate of infusion evoked further vasodilatation, yet parallel decrease of blood pressure. PMID- 7371656 TI - Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in epileptics treated with various anticonvulsants. AB - Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in 97 epileptics on long-term anticonvulsant therapy was investigated. Therapy with phenytoin alone or in combination with carbamazepine or phenobarbital was associated with elevated plasma HDL cholesterol levels as compared with controls. HDL cholesterol in patients treated with carbamazepine did not diverge from control values. Patients treated with phenytoin and phenobarbital in combination showed higher HDL cholesterol levels than those treated with phenytoin alone. There was an inverse correlation between the HDL cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels. The results demonstrate that high plasma HDL cholesterol might be associated with therapy involving some anticonvulsants known to be potent enzyme inducers. This suggests that the elevation of HDL cholesterol during therapy is probably related to the drug-caused enzyme induction phenomenon. PMID- 7371657 TI - Diagnostic contribution of bladder washing and multiple biopsies in bladder cancers. AB - The superior diagnostic contribution of bladder washing as compared to routine urinary cytology was demonstrated in a prospective study. Random mucosal biopsies of normal-looking mucosa taken at the time of treatment or of the first control cystoscopy revealed the presence of multiple cancerous or precancerous lesions in a variety of patients. The heterogeneity of bladder cancer had to be recognized for adequate follow-up and treatment. PMID- 7371660 TI - The effect of cyproterone acetate and orchiectomy on metastases from prostatic cancer. AB - We have studied 38 patients with previously untreated, widespread prostatic cancer, who were submitted to therapy with cyproterone acetate and orchiectomy. 70% of patients with symptoms have shown subjective improvement. Moreover, it was possible to observe the regression, stabilization or progression of metastases in 32, 50 and 18% of the cases, respectively. We conclude that such therapy is effective in the initial treatment of metastatic prostate cancer and can be continued under radiographic control until the appearance of new metastases. At this point radiotherapy and alkylating agents may be effective. PMID- 7371658 TI - Contribution of angiography in bladder cancer. AB - Pelvic angiography was performed in 24 patients with primary or secondary tumours. 17 patients were submitted to arteriography and 7 to phlebography of the pelvis veins. An angiographic classification was established and compared to the pre-operative and histopathological results determining tumour staging. These results were compared to those obtained by bimanual palpation under narcosis and demonstrated the significant contribution of angiography in determining the extravesical spreading of bladder tumours. PMID- 7371659 TI - Treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma with cyproterone acetate and orchiectomy--5-year follow-up. AB - We report the results from 106 patients with extracapsular (stage C) or widespread (stage D) prostatic cancer, who were treated with cyproterone acetate and orchiectomy and followed for 5 years. As controls we used 40 patients, chosen at random, with stage C and stage D cancer of the prostate gland who were treated with stilbestrol and orchiectomy. The survival rate is improved in patients treated with cyproterone acetate and orchiectomy compared to the patients treated with stilbestrol and orchiectomy. Treatment with cyproterone seems more effective in those patients with low-stage and low-grade prostatic cancer. The side effects of this therapy are less and milder than those described in estrogenic treatment alone or with orchiectomy. PMID- 7371661 TI - Preoperative embolization of renal tumors--comparison of different methods. AB - Different techniques and materials for preoperative embolization of renal carcinoma have been assessed in 26 cases. The different methods used and compared were gelfoam fragments (10 cases), cyanoacrylate (4 cases), Gianturco stainless steel coil (3 cases) and the combination of gelfoam and the Gianturco device (9 cases). The method of choice appears to be the combination of gelfoam and the Gianturco device which allows excellent peripheral ischemia with complete occlusion of the main arterial trunks. Embolization is particularly useful in invading and hypervascularized renal tumors supplied by collateral blood vessels. PMID- 7371662 TI - Malignant tumor resection in the solitary kidney: use of hypothermic hyperosmolar renal preservation method. AB - In 4 out of 8 patients with a malignant tumor in a single or in a solitary kidney, partial nephrectomy was performed under ischemic conditions. To avoid severe ischemic damage the kidneys have been flushed with a cold hyperosmolar intracellular-type electrolyte solution. In all cases excellent kidney function was obtained postoperatively and no tumor recurrence was observed 18 months to 5 years later. PMID- 7371663 TI - Analysis of urinary calculi in adults. Attempt of correlations between morphology and composition. AB - The analysis of 322 urinary calculi in adults by microdissection, infrared spectromorphometry and microchemistry has shown that stones could be classified in several groups according to their morphology and composition: 8 morphological types have been defined (2 for the oxalic, 2 for the uric, 2 for the phosphatic and 2 for the cystinic stones). Correlations between morphology and composition have been established dividing the calculi into 10 categories, 4 for the pure forms and 6 for the mixed forms; the total includes approximately 94% of the calculi analyzed. An 11th category gathering various lithiases (rare or with multiple components) represents 6% of the cases. Moreover, the study of the localization of the component in stones emphasizes the high frequency of Ca phosphates in the nucleus of oxalic lithiases: 80% in mixed forms, in which the oxalate is the main constituent. PMID- 7371664 TI - Effect of megadoses of ascorbic acid on serum and urinary oxalate. AB - Serum and urinary oxalate was determined in 9 normal subjects, ingesting 8 g of ascorbic acid daily. Serum oxalate levels increased to 310% of control values during supplementation. Plasma ascrobate levels reached a mean value of 3.6 mg% far exceeding the previously reported plateau level of 1.8 mg%. Urinary oxalate gradually increased during ascorbate intake and 7 days post cessation of ascorbate, rose unexpectedly for all subjects into the hyperoxaluric range. PMID- 7371665 TI - Third report on the standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function. Procedures related to the evaluation of micturition, pressure-flow relationships, residual urine. Produced by the International Continence Society Committee on Standardisation of Terminology, Nottingham, February 1977. PMID- 7371666 TI - Anatomical distribution of exogenous 14C-oxalate in the rat by macroautoradiography. AB - A single dose of 14C-oxalate was given to a group of laboratory rats using a gastric tube. The animals were then killed at intervals of 1/2, 2, 5, 24 and 72 h following oxalate administration and the oxalate distribution was determined using the technique of macroautoradiography. The results showed that a large proportion of the absorbed oxalate was already excreted in the bladder 30 min after administration. The non-absorbed oxalate was found eliminated with the faeces after 24 h. At the same time, 14C-oxalate was demonstrated in the bones; whereas 72 h later no radioactivity could be found anymore. It is conceivable, therefore, that the rapid renal excretion of exogenous oxalate may lead to a short-term oxalate peak in the urine. More importantly, the occurrence of such a urinary oxalate peak could in turn be responsible for crystalluria and stone formation. PMID- 7371667 TI - Preliminary study of the action of the Yag laser on canine prostatic adenoma and experimental urethral stenosis. AB - The authors used a Yag laser beam for channeling out canine prostatic adenoma (surgical or endoscopic transvesical approach) and experimental stenosis of the urethra (transperineal endoscopic route). A nitrogen flow introduced through the sheath of the fiber washed away the smoke created by the volatilization of the tissues and kept the bladder inflated at 10.15 cm H2O. The macroscopic and histologic findings immediately and 1 and 3 weeks following laser application demonstrated that the pathologic tissues were volatilized without bleeding or producing deep lesions in the neighboring areas (which were only moderated heated). The peripheric burnt area remained thin (2 cm) and precisely bordered by the intact parenchyma. The quantity of tissue removed was still insufficient but increasing the power and reducing the time of impact should improve the results. PMID- 7371668 TI - A comparative study of the degree of arterial recanalization in kidneys of dogs following transcatheter embolization with eight different materials. AB - 41 dogs were subjected to percutaneous arterial embolization of branches or the main trunk of the renal artery with or without prior injury to the kidney. 8 materials were used: homologous blood clot, muscle, fat, fascia, barium sulfate, plain catgut, gelfoam and polyvinyl alcohol (Ivalon). From the angiographic investigation over a relatively long period, it was observed that complete recanalization of the embolized vessels occurred only with blood clot and gelfoam; partial recanalization, with muscle fat and plain catgut; and no recanalization at all with fat, barium sulfate and Ivalon. PMID- 7371669 TI - Leiomyoma of the prepuce. AB - A rare case of leiomyoma of the prepuce treated with wide circumcision is presented. PMID- 7371670 TI - Bilateral ureteral necrosis in a child with dermatomyositis. AB - A nearly symmetrical ureteral necrosis was observed in a child with dermatomyositis. The ureters were treated conventionally by resection, anastomosis and repeated catheterization with good results. PMID- 7371671 TI - Urinary cytology in diagnosis of bladder tumours. A simplified method for collecting samples. PMID- 7371672 TI - Adaptive behavior: teachers and parents disagree. PMID- 7371673 TI - Direct observation approach to measuring classroom behavior. PMID- 7371675 TI - Growth delay and tumour relapse after adjuvant chemotherapy; the validity of models. PMID- 7371674 TI - The consultant role of the resource teacher. PMID- 7371676 TI - Radiation therapy in primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the CNS. PMID- 7371677 TI - Intracapillary oxyhemoglobin saturation in malignant tumours with central or peripheral blood supply. PMID- 7371678 TI - The vascular pattern of the spontaneous C3H mouse mammary carcinoma and its significance in radiation response and in hyperthermia. PMID- 7371679 TI - Metabolism of 3H-estradiol in men with prostate cancer. PMID- 7371681 TI - The effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on pulmonary metastasis in the C3H mouse. PMID- 7371680 TI - Early inhibition of thymidine uptake and stimulation of cell proliferation in rat embryo fibroblasts treated with tumor-promoting 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13 acetate. PMID- 7371682 TI - Comparison of DNA distributions in primary human breast cancers and their metastases. PMID- 7371683 TI - Antibody and antigen levels in rats inoculated with Moloney sarcomas and viral antigens. PMID- 7371684 TI - Different growth rates of lung tumours in man and their xenografts in nude mice. PMID- 7371685 TI - The excretion of a vitamin B6 metabolite and the probabiliy of recurrence of early breast cancer. PMID- 7371686 TI - Zinc deficiency in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7371687 TI - Estrogen receptor status: an important variable in predicting response to endocrine therapy in metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 7371688 TI - The repair of radiation injury in L-cells treated by adriamycin. PMID- 7371689 TI - Comparative study on the effects of estradiol and estriol on pituitary prolactin secretion and mammary gland DNA synthesis of rats in relation to their role in mammary tumorigenesis. PMID- 7371690 TI - Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer. PMID- 7371691 TI - Transfer of resistance against a transplantable BALB/c lymphoma. PMID- 7371692 TI - The excretion of Thormahlen positive melanogens in melanoma patients and its clinical significance. PMID- 7371693 TI - Induction of lung tumours in rats by i.v. injection of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. PMID- 7371694 TI - Should placebo-controlled trials be abolished? PMID- 7371696 TI - Hospital admissions due to adverse drug reactions: a comparative study from Jerusalem and Berlin. AB - A comparative study of adverse drug reactions (ADR) leading to hostpial admission showed that 103 (4.1%) out of 2499 medical admissions in Jerusalem and 167 (5.7%) out of 2933 admissions in Berlin were due to such reactions. Sex distribution in the two patient--populations was almost equal but the Jerusalem patients were younger. The most frequent ADRs were digitalis intoxication (in Berlin) and reactions to antibiotics (in Jerusalem). Other important differences were noted in the relative frequencies of ADRs associated anticoagulants, hypoglycemic agents and oral contraceptives. They were probably related to differences in drug usage in the two countries. The most common major side effects were arrhythmias, allergic reactions, bleeding, congestive heart failure, bronchospasm and hypoglycemia. The following risk factors were identified in both cities: old age, female sex, impaired renal function, previous history of ADR and polypragmasia. PMID- 7371695 TI - Effect of two antiserotoninergic drugs, methysergide and metergoline, on gastric acid secretion and gastrin release in healthy man. AB - The effects of acute oral administration of the antiserotoninergic drugs methysergide (3 mg) and metergoline (4 mg) on basal, submaximal (0.6 micrograms/kg i. m.) and maximal (6 micrograms/kg) pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion, as well as on basal and food-induced gastrin release, have been evaluated in healthy volunteers. Methysergide significantly increased basal and submaximal pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion, and metergoline significantly inhibited gastric acidity in all experiments. Basal and stimulated serum gastrin concentrations were not modified by either drug. The effect of methysergide on gastric acid secretion was opposed to that of serotonin and was probably dependent on its antiserotoninergic action, but the decrease in gastric acidity caused by metergoline is not easily explained. Although the effect is similar to that of a dopamine infusion, it does not depend on dopamine infusion, it does not depend on dopamine receptor stimulation, since it was not influenced by pretreatment with metoclopramide. It is suggested that it might be due to the weak anticholinergic and/or antihistaminic properties of metergoline. PMID- 7371697 TI - Nomographic estimation of time to reach steady-state serum concentration during phenytoin therapy. AB - The time to reach steady-state on phenytoin therapy depends on the dose and the pharmacokinetic parameter of the individual patient. A nomogram is presented to help the physician to decide whether a measured serum concentration of phenytoin can be regarded as being within 20% of the steady-state level. The nomogram is based on the pharmacokinetic parameters of phenytoin reported for adult patients. PMID- 7371698 TI - Inhibition by idrocilamide of the disposition of caffeine. AB - The pharmacokinetics of caffeine are greatly altered by concomitant administration of idrocilamide. In four healthy volunteers id rocilamide inhibited the biotransformation of caffeine and increased its half-life nine times. The untoward neuropsychiatric effects of idrocilamide are the consequence of abnormal accumulation of caffeine in regular consumers of caffeine-containing foods and beverages. PMID- 7371700 TI - Effect of activated charcoal on absorption and elimination of phenobarbitone, carbamazepine and phenylbutazone in man. PMID- 7371699 TI - Acute and long-term effects of labetalol on systemic and pulmonary haemodynamics in hypertensive patients. PMID- 7371701 TI - Pharmacokinetics of mefruside and two active metabolites in man. PMID- 7371702 TI - Chemotherapeutic-bacteriological interdependences observed by use of a clinical anti-infective drug monitoring system. AB - The relationships between the extent and type of clinical antibacterial chemotherapy and bacteriological findings were investigated, both retrospectively and contemporaneously, by study of pharmacy deliveries and analysis of patient records and the results of bacteriological examination of urine. Initially, with a high proportion of tetracycline use and relatively little of ampicillin, co trimoxazole and cephalosporins, E. coli was frequently found and seldom Klebsiella/Enterobacter; the in-vitro efficacy of tetracyclines was low against all bacteria tested. Deliberate restraint in the use of tetracyclines and promotion of co-trimoxazole as well as a spontaneous rise in ampicillin use, were correlated with a decrease in E. coli and increase in Klebsiella/Enterobacter. The in vitro susceptibility of Klebsiella to all the chemotherapeutics tested was relatively low, but it improved markedly after use of cefuroxime was begun. This resulted in a decrease in the incidence of Klebsiella/Enterobacter in urine specimens. Restraint in tetracycline usage was accompanied by an increase in its in vitro efficacy against E. coli. The study shows that continuous monitoring of antibacterial chemotherapy under routine conditions enables the clinical pharmacologist to recognize transient and locally specific circumstances and to define guidelines or corrective recommendations as a basis for and to aid control of real therapeutic decisions. PMID- 7371703 TI - Serum level of ritodrine in man. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay has been developed for the determination of ritodrine in serum and plasma. Interference by ritodrine metabolites, viz. the sulphate and glucuronide conjugates, was negligible. The sensitivity was 0.3 ng/ml in 0.1 ml plasma or serum. The method was used to determine the serum level of ritodrine in man after oral or parenteral administration. In healthy volunteers intravenous infusion of 9 mg in 1 h resulted in a peak serum level of about 45 ng/ml. In every subject the heart rate varied with time in approximately the same way as the serum level. Intramuscular injection of 10 mg gave a peak level of 20 ng/ml, and after oral administration of 10 mg the maximum peak concentration was 10 ng/ml. In all instances there was a detectable level in serum for up to 25 h after dosing. The bioavailability of the oral formulation was 30% of the parenteral preparations. The effective half-life was 1.3--2 h. Women in pre-term labour were treated by intravenous infusion of ritodrine hydrochloride, and after parturition, ritodrine was determined in serum from the mother and from umbilical cord blood. The results showed that ritodrine crossed the placental barrier and entered the fetal circulation. PMID- 7371704 TI - Plasma and salivary pharmacokinetics of dapsone estimated by a thin layer chromatographic method. AB - A high performance thin layer chromatographic assay for dapsone is described with a minimum level of detection of 20 ng ml-1 which is suitable for the study of dapsone pharmacokinetics in plasma and saliva. 100 mg dapsone was administered orally to seven normal adult volunteers, the mean plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were: alpha = 0.23 h-1; beta = 0.0236 h-1, and t1/2 beta = 30.2 h. Dapsone is also eliminated into the saliva and the t1/2 may be determined via its estimation in saliva. It is 73% bound to plasma protein and the saliva/plasma concentration ratio was found to be 27%. In two subjects the free plasma dapsone concentration was identical to the simultaneous salivary dapsone concentration. Therefore the salivary dapsone concentration is a measure of the free plasma fraction of dapsone. Saliva/plasma dapsone concentration ratios show no time or concentration dependence and little inter-individual variation but are unsuitable for acetylator phenotype determination because monoacetyldapsone is not eliminated in the saliva. PMID- 7371705 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies in man with gallamine triethiodide. I. Single and multiple clinical doses. AB - Plasma concentrations of gallamine were determined in 6 patients undergoing anaesthesia for elective surgery receiving a single intravenous bolus dose of 2 mg/kg and in a further 11 patients requiring additional doses (0.5 to 2 mg/kg) of the relaxant. The two-compartment open model was found to characterize adequately both the single and multiple dose data. No significant differences were noted when the model-independent pharmacokinetic parameters between the two groups of patients were compared with the exception of the distribution phase half-life (t1/2 alpha) (6.70 min single vs 9.19 min multiple p less than 0.05). Mean values for the pooled data for the half-life (t1/2 beta), plasma clearance (Clp) and volume of distribution (Vd beta) were 134.58 min, 1.20 ml/min/kg and 225.28 ml/kg respectively. Evoked twitch response was monitored in each patient to assess the degree of neuromuscular blockade. In only one patient was the bolus dose sufficient to produce complete (100%) blockade, thus the degree of maximal response varied between 78 to 100% and took some 3 to 10 minutes after dose administration. The concurrently measured gallamine plasma concentrations ranged from 9.30 to 19.20 micrograms/ml. Linear regression of the offset data (20 to 80% paralysis) in 10 patients revealed a recovery rate of 0.35 to 1.33%/min. For 5 patients where offset data was available over the entire range of response (0 to 100%) the calculated mean effective plasma concentrations for gallamine at 50 and 95% paralysis (ECp50, ECp95) were found to vary between 3.43 to 10.28 micrograms/ml, and 5.66 to 23.37 micrograms/ml respectively. PMID- 7371706 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies in man with gallamine triethiodide. II. Single 4 and 6 mg/kg i.v. doses. AB - Fourteen patients undergoing elective surgery were studied at two levels of gallamine dosage. Seven patients received a single bolus dose of 4 mg/kg, and the remainder received 6 mg/kg. The venous plasma concentration-time data from both groups were characterized in terms of a two-compartment open model. No significant differences in the various pharmacokinetic parameters were noted. However the distribution and clearance terms from these two patient groups were significantly higher than those obtained with a previous group of patients receiving lower (2 mg/kg) single and multiple doses. Assessment of neuromuscular twitch response showed that maximum blockade was attained in all patients within 5 min with the time to peak effect being dose dependent. Recovery from paralysis as assessed at 99, 95 and 90% paralysis indicated that the duration of action was similarly dose dependent. The concurrently measured plasma concentrations showed wide variation but were higher at more profound levels of paralysis. Arterial blood samples for 5 patients receiving the 4 mg/kg gallamine dose were taken simultaneously with the venous samples over the first sixty minutes. No significant arterio-venous differences in gallamine plasma concentration were noted at any time interval in all subjects. PMID- 7371708 TI - Frustrations with clinical trials. PMID- 7371707 TI - Pharmacogenetic covariation of defective N-oxidation of sparteine and 4 hydroxylation of debrisoquine. AB - Two subjects from each of the three groups of homozygous rapid, heterozygous, and homozygous non-metabolizers (N-oxidation) of sparteine received a single oral dose of debrisoquine. The urinary ratio of debrisoquine/4-hydroxy-debrisoquine, reflecting the individual's capacity to C-hydroxylate debrisoquine, was closely related to his phenotype for sparteine metabolism. This indicates that the two metabolic reactions are controlled by similar if not identical genetic factors. PMID- 7371710 TI - Synthesis of the mouse complement component C4 (Ss-protein) by peritoneal macrophages: kinetics of secretion and glycosylation of the subunits. PMID- 7371709 TI - A single and multiple dose pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of conventional and slow-release metroprolol. AB - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles for metoprolol have been measured in six healthy volunteers after single and multiple dosing with 100 mg conventional formulation twice daily and 200 mg slow-release formulation once daily. Both multidose regimes produced measurable predosing plasma concentrations of metoprolol. The plasma concentrations on the eighth day were greater than predicted by the single-dose data as indicated by the comparison of the total areas under the curve for the single dose and the dosage interval areas during multiple dosing. This increase may be associated with a change in the bioavailability and/or clearance of the drug and is currently being investigated. The peak concentrations for the two regimens were comparable but the times to peak with the slow-release regimen were significantly delayed. Both regimes produced significant beta-blocking effects over 24 h during multiple dosing, the reductions in exercise heart rate at 0 and 24 h on the eighth day corresponding to more than 20% of the maximum effect. Resting pulse rates and blood pressures were affected to a similar extent by the two regimens but neither significantly altered respiratory peak flow rates. The effects during multiple dosing were generally greater than those after a single dose and appeared to follow a more consistent trend. This observation, together with those for the plasma level data on the eighth day, illustrate the importance of performing multiple-dose studies in assessing beta-blocking drugs. PMID- 7371711 TI - Effects of pirmenol HCl on electrophysiologic properties of cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - We studied the effects of pirmenol hydrochloride (CI 845), cis-(+/-)-alpha-[3 (2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)propyl]-alpha-phenyl-2-pyridinemethanol monohydrochloride, on the electrophysiologic properties of canine cardiac Purkinje fibers having normal (fast response) action potentials. CI 845 greater than or equal to 1 X 10(-6) M depressed both maximum upstroke velocity of phase 0 and automaticity. CI 845 greater than or equal to 1 X 10(-5) M significantly decreased action potential amplitude and duration measured at 50% repolarization and prolonged action potential duration measured at full repolarization. In addition, this concentration depressed membrane responsiveness and prolonged the effective refractory period and conduction time. All changes were reversible following superfusion with drug-free Tyrode solution. Increasing extracellular potassium ([K+]0) from 4 mM to 6 mM did not potentiate the CI 845-induced changes. CI 845 1 X 10(-5) M decreased automaticity of slow response action potentials studied in a Na+-free solution but had no effect on the action potential characteristics of these spontaneously discharging fibers. In blood superfusion studies, plasma levels of 0.1--3.0 micrograms/ml CI 845 affected the action potential characteristics in a manner similar to concentrations ranging from 1 X 10(-6) to 1 X 10(-5) M CI 845 in Tyrode solution. At plasma levels greater than or equal to 1.1 micrograms/ml, CI 845 induced a significant prolongation of the electrocardiographic PR interval. These studies indicate that CI 845 has effects on the action potential and ECG similar but not identical to those of 'local anesthetic' antiarrhythmic agents. PMID- 7371712 TI - Reserpine-induced gastric ulcers: protection by lysosomal stabilization due to zinc. AB - The effects of graded doses of zinc sulfate pretreatment on reserpine-induced gastric ulceration and on lysosomal fragility both in vivo and in vitro, were studied in rats. Reserpine treatment (5 mg/kg, i.p., 18 h before sacrifice) induced marked gastric glandular ulceration and elicited the release of free beta glucuronidase from lysosomes in the gastric mucosa. A similar effect on release of this enzyme from isolated rat hepatic lysosomes was observed after in vitro incubation with reserpine. Zinc sulfate (22, 44 or 88 mg/kg, i.p., 30 h before reserpinization, or 10(-3) M in vitro) inhibited the reserpine-induced response, and zinc sulfate alone (10(-11)--10(-3) M) also stabilized lysosomal membrane permeability to beta-glucuronidase. No direct effect of zinc or reserpine on purified beta-glucuronidase activity was observed. In conclusion, it is postulated that the stabilizing effect of zinc on lysosomal membranes, as manifest by reduced release of beta-glucuronidase from isolated lysosomes, is one of the protective mechanisms of zinc against reserpine-induced ulceration. PMID- 7371713 TI - Short- and long-term effects of L-DOPA treatment upon monoamine oxidase: a comparative study in several rat tissues. PMID- 7371715 TI - Clonidine suppression of bradycardia induced by gigantocellular reticular nucleus in the cat. AB - In chloralose-urethane-anesthetized cats, intravertebral injection of clonidine (0.5--4.0 micrograms/kg) elicited a drastic suppression of the bradycardia induced by stimulating the gigantocellular reticular nucleus (GRN). The degree of blockage of GRN-induced cardioinhibtion was related to the time course of the inherent cardiovascular effects of clonidine. It was also dependent upon the dose of the imidazoline compound and the intensity/train pulse frequency of reticular stimulation. It was suggested that the two mechanisms may interact with one another in the brainstem and possible modes of interaction were discussed. PMID- 7371714 TI - Specific tricyclic antidepressant binding sites in rat brain characterised by high-affinity 3H-imipramine binding. AB - The specific binding of 3H-imipramine to various brain regions of the rat is of high affinity (Kd = 4.0 nM), rapid and reversible. It was inhibited by tricyclic antidepressants at nanomolar concentrations and by atypical antidepressants at micromolar concentrations. The binding does not seem to be directly related to known neurotransmitter receptor systems. Specific 3H-imipramine binding sites were unequally distributed between the various brain regions and undetectable in the heart and vas deferens. Rats chronically treated with desipramine for three weeks had significantly less specific 3H-imipramine binding sites in the cortex than did control animals. It is concluded that these 3H-imipramine binding sites may be important in the study of depression and of the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. PMID- 7371716 TI - Basis of phencyclidine's ability to decrease the synaptosomal accumulation of 3H catecholamines. AB - Mixed cortical and hypothalamic synaptosomes and striatal synaptosomes were allowed to accumulate 3H-norepinephrine and 3H-dopamine, respectively, for 5 min in the absence and presence of phencyclidine. The results indicate that phencyclidine probably decreased the accumulation of 3H-norepinephrine into mixed cortical and hypothalamic synaptosomes by only blocking the uptake of the 3H amine. On the other hand, part of the decrease in accumulation of 3H-dopamine elicited by 10 muM of PCP was probably caused by PCP releasing previously accumulated 3H-dopamine. PMID- 7371717 TI - Specific binding sites in rat brain for a new and potent inhibitor of 5 hydroxytryptamine uptake: Ro 11-2465. PMID- 7371718 TI - The antiarrhythmic effect of potassium and rubidium in strophanthidin toxicity. AB - The effect of potassium and rubidium on the electrical and mechanical activity of canine Purkinje fibers were studied in vitro in the presence and absence of strophanthidin. High (5.4mM) K or 2.7 Rb decreased the force of contraction. In the presence of these ions, strophanthidin increased the force of contraction as usual but the onset of arrhythmias was delayed. During the toxic stage of strophanthidin, high K or Rb increased the force of contraction, abolished the arrhythias and improved markedly the action potential. In the presence of calcium overload induced by exposure to a K-poor or Na-free solution, K and Rb induced an increase in force of contraction. And in ventricular muscle these ions relaxed the contracture induced by strophanthidin. It is concluded that K and Rb (in addition to other mechanisms) exert an antiarrhythmic action by increasing potassium conductance and by reducing the calcium overload induced by strophanthidin. PMID- 7371721 TI - Evidence that histamine does not participate in carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rat. AB - The injection of carrageenan into the rat pleural cavity provoked an intense inflammatory reaction with the formation of an exudate which contained mainly neutrophils but which was also rich in mast cells and histamine. There was, however, no evidence that histamine participated in the reaction. The mast cells remained intact, and no increase in extracellular histamine levels was observed. Prior treatment with bot H1 and H2 histimine receptor antagonists or depletion of the histamine stores by pretreatment with compound 48/80 did not alter the reaction. In contrast, the exudate formed in response to the intrapleural injection of small doses (0.05 mg/kg) of compound 48/80 was reduced by pretreatment with the antihistamine compounds and, unlike the exudate formed after carrageenan injection, was devoid of neutrophils. Since saline washes of the pleural cavity of untreated rats had histamine and mast cell contents similar to those of the exudates of the carrageenan-treated rats, the source of histamine appeared to be mast cells from the pleural cavity. PMID- 7371719 TI - Denervation produces supersensitivity of a serotonergically innervated structure. AB - The lateral ciliated gill epithelium of Mytilus edulis was denervated physically and chemically with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. Lateral ciliary activity which is under excitatory serotonergic control displayed an increased response to superfusion with serotonin after both treatment, as compared to controls. Endogenous serotonin levels were reduced by these treatments. An increase in maximal cilioexcitatory response was also noted. PMID- 7371720 TI - Long-term interactions between endogenous and exogenous opiates. AB - The in vitro biological effect of various opiates was studied in the guinea pig ileum bioassay. Besides their direct, immediate effect, certain opiates induced sensitivity changes which persisted after their removal and the complete recovery of the preparation. These specific, asymmetrical interactions may represent long term modulation of the opiate receptor. The in vivo pharmacological implication of opiate interaction is discussed. PMID- 7371722 TI - Actions of glutamate, kainate, dihydrokainate and analogues on leech neurone acidic amino acid receptors. AB - Intracellular recordings have been made from leech Retzius cells. L-Glutamate and kainate both excite these cells, kainate being about 100 times more potent than glutamate. Cross desensitization was observed between glutamate and kainate. Dihydrokainate was found to be equipotent with kainate on these neurones. Esterification of either kainate or dihydrokainate rendered the compounds inactive as did the addition of a benzyloxycarbonyl group on the nitrogen of both compounds. These results suggest that the double bond in the side chain of kainate is not necessary for its potent activity on leech Retzius neurones. But, that free carboxyl groups and an unsubstituted nitrogen are essential for glutamate-like activity. PMID- 7371723 TI - Electrophysiological effects of bunaphtine on isolated rat atria. AB - The effects of a new antiarrhythmic, bunaphtine, on the electrical and mechanical activity of isolated rat atria were compared with those of quinidine and amiodarone. Both electrically stimulated and spontaneously beating atria were used. In spontaneously beating double atria bunaphtine produced a dose-dependent decrease in the rate, contractile force, work index and maximum following frequency at which the atria could respond to electrical stimulation, depressed the pacemaker activity and increased the sinus node recovery time. In isolated left atria bunaphtine prolonged the effective refractory period and decreased atrial excitability. Bunaphtine did not block positive chronotropic and inotropic responses to isoprenaline and did not reduce the positive inotropic effect of raised calcium concentrations. These results support the hypothesis that bunaphtine exerted on isolated atria a direct cardiodepressant effect similar to that of quinidine, and that it may be classified as a class 1 antiarrhythmic according to the classification of Vaughan Williams. PMID- 7371724 TI - Release of prostaglandins evoked by neurohormonal stimuli in the isolated spleen of rabbit. AB - In the isolated spleen of rabbit perfused with Tyrode solution, sympathetic nerve stimulation (NS) and administration of either noradrenaline (NA), 50--75 ng, or bradykinin (BK), 50 ng, released a material into the venous effluent that caused contraction of rat stomach strip (RSS), rat colon (RC), chick rectum (CR) and bovine coronary artery (BCA). The musculotropic activity of the material released from the spleen was not diminished when it was allowed to stand at either 37 degrees C or at room temperature. The release of this musculotropic material evoked by neurohormonla stimuli was abolished during the infusion of the prostaglandin (PG) synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, 1 microgram/ml. Application of authentic PGE2 directly on the assay organs caused contraction, whereas PGI2 contracted RSS, RC, and CR but relaxed BCA. In the spleen labeled with [14C]AA, NS, NA or BK released radiolabeled products having the chromatographic characteristics of PGE2 and, to a lesser extent, of PGF2 alpha. Indomethacin abolished the release of these radiolabeled products from the spleen. These observations taken together with the musculotropic characteristics of the material in the venous effluent, suggest that PGE2 is the major product of cyclo oxygenase relased by NS, NA and by BK from the isolated perfused spleen of rabbit. PMID- 7371725 TI - Action of coenzyme A on adenine derivative receptors in isolated tissues. AB - The action of Coenzyme A (CoA) was investigated on the mechanical activity of four isolated tissues known to possess adenine derivative (AD) receptors that are sensitive, or resistant to blockade by theophylline. CoA produced a dose-related inhibition of the electrically stimulated myenteric plexus longitudinal muscle of the guinea pig ileum, and of the spontaneously contracting rabbit ileum. This effect was competitively antagonized by theophylline in both tissues. CoA caused a dose-related relaxation of the rat ileum. Low doses of CoA were not antagonized by theophylline but higher doses were antagonized by this drug. The rabbit detrusor, which was contracted by ATP and ADP, was not affected by CoA. Differences in the action of CoA at AD receptors in these four tissues, and in its antagonism by theophylline reflect a heterogeneity of these receptors. It is suggested that the simple sub-division of adenine derivative receptors into two types may be inappropriate. PMID- 7371726 TI - Replacement of K+ with Rb+ or Cs+, and its effects on the mechanical responses to norepinephrine and methacholine in the rat vas deferens. AB - The rat vas deferens was stored overnight in cold, K+-free Krebs solution to deplete intracellular K+ then incubated in K+-, Rb+-, or Cs+-containing Krebs solution at 37 degrees C to load these ions inside the cells. After 4 h, the contents of K+ or Rb+ reached the level of K+ in the fresh vas deferens; the content of Cs+ was less than half that of the fresh vas deferens. Dose-response curves to norepinephrine and methacholine were determined under these conditions, and the curves in Rb+ or Cs+ solution were compared with those in K+ solution. The cold storage per se had little effect on the dose-response curves in K+ solution except that it slightly decreased the maximal response to norepinephrine. The dose-response curves in Rb+ solution were to the left of those in K+ solution. The maximal response to methacholine was greatly increased. On the other hand, the dose-response curves in Cs+ solution were to the right of those in K+ solution. The maximal responses were greatly decreased with both drugs. The results suggest that Rb+ but not Cs+ can fully substitute for K+ in the rat vas deferens response to norepinephrine and methacholine. PMID- 7371727 TI - Effects of 4-aminopyridine on pacemaker activity of frog sinus venosus. AB - The effects of low concentrations of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) were studied on the frog sinus venosus by means of intracellular microelectrodes. 4-AP depressed spontaneous automaticity. This effect was not reversed by atropine. 4-AP also prolonged the sinus action potential repolarization and slowed the rate of diastolic depolarization. These effects are attributed to blockade of potassium conductance. PMID- 7371728 TI - Frequency dependence of the effect of harmine on the duration of the action potential of guinea pig atrial muscle. AB - The effect of harmine on the duration of the action potential (APD) of guinea pig atrial muscle is analyzed. Harmine prolongs APD through both a depressant effect on automaticity and a direct effect on atrial repolarization. In atria driven at a constant rate: (a) the direct effect becomes less with a faster drive; (b) an increase in concentration of harmine does not result in a greater prolongation of APD. Increased extracellular Ca2+ concentration annulles the APD-prolonging effect. PMID- 7371729 TI - Cardiac muscarinic cholinergic receptor sites: opposing regulation by divalent cations and guanine nucleotides of receptor-agonist interaction. PMID- 7371731 TI - The effects of hippocampectomy and of fimbria section upon the partial reinforcement extinction effect in rats. AB - Rats were trained to run in an alley for food reward given on every trial (continuous reinforcement, CR) or on a random 50% of trials (partial reinforcement, PR) and were then extinguished. Sham-operated controls showed the usual partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE), i.e., PR-trained animals were more resistant to extinction than CR-trained animals. The PREE was abolished by hippocampectomy, which increased resistance to extinction in CR-trained rats and decreased it in PR-trained rats. Bilateral fimbria section had no effect on resistance to extinction in either condition. These results are discussed in the light of theories of hippocampal function and the anatomy of septohippocampal connections. PMID- 7371730 TI - Autoradiography of the olfactory-hippocampal pathway in the cat with special reference to the perforant path. AB - The anatomical pathway from the prepyriform cortex to the hippocampus in the cat was traced autoradiographically by means of anterograde transport of [3H] leucine. A direct projection from the prepyriform cortex to the lateral entorhinal area was confirmed in the cat: the termination of these fibers was largely confined to the outer part of the molecular layer. From the lateral entorhinal area, the perforant path fibres terminate on the most distal parts of the dendrites of the hippocampal granule and pyramidal cells. However, differences between cat and rat were found with respect to the terminations in the CA1 area. PMID- 7371732 TI - Response of X and Y cat retinal ganglion cells to moving stimuli. AB - Single optic tract fibers in the cat were classified as X or Y cells by a contrast reversal stimulus. A slit of light was then moved across the receptive field at velocities from 10--1000 degrees/s. The preferred velocity was that velocity which elicited the strongest response from the cell. The maximum velocity was the highest velocity target to which a cell could respond. Y cells as a group both preferred and could follow faster targets than X cells, and were more broadly tuned to the preferrred velocity. PMID- 7371733 TI - Temporal properties of binocular mechanisms in the human visual system. AB - A dichoptic stimulation paradigm was used to determine the degree to which the two monocular images must match in terms of the temporal properties to yield facilitation in binocular grating detection. Several converging lines of evidence point to the existence of two separate neural mechanisms in binocular detection. One of these mechanisms is selective for temporal frequency and limited in its capacity to integrate information from the two eyes over time. The other mechanism is much less selective for temporal frequency and integrates over a longer period of time. At threshold these two separate mechanisms behave independently and exhibit similar degrees of binocular summation. PMID- 7371734 TI - Amblyomma americanum: sequential histological analysis of adult feeding sites on guinea pigs. PMID- 7371735 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: radioautography of colchicine's effect on [3H]proline incorporation into adults in vitro. PMID- 7371736 TI - Angiostrongylus cantonensis: development following pulmonary arterial transfers into permissive and nonpermissive hosts. PMID- 7371737 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: characterization of the electrical potential from the tegument of adult males. PMID- 7371738 TI - Trypanosoma brucei: maintenance of concentrated suspensions of bloodstream trypomastigotes in vitro using continuous dialysis for measurement of endocytosis. PMID- 7371740 TI - Phocanema decipiens: pathology in seals. PMID- 7371739 TI - Chrysomya bezziana: pathology of Old World screw-worm fly infestations in cattle. PMID- 7371741 TI - Biosynthesis of deuteriated amino acids by Candida lipolytica. AB - Biosynthesis of a whole series of deuteriated amino acids has been carried out, by cultivation of the yeast Candida lipolytica in an artificial medium composed of a deuterio-alkane, heavy water, water and some mineral salts. PMID- 7371742 TI - tRNA in developing human placenta. AB - Amino acid acceptor activity of tRNA in the human placenta as measured throughout gestation was found to be the lowest in post-term placenta. Aminoacylation of tRNA proceeded with maximum activity in the stage of formation of the placenta. PMID- 7371744 TI - Invertase activity in the gut of 6th instar larvae of Spodoptera mauritia Boisd. (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera). AB - Invertase activity has been studied in the fore-, mid- and hindgut of the 6th instar larva of Spodoptera mauritia. The highest activity was in the midgut except during the early hours of the larva period when the foregut showed comparatively increased activity. The hindgut invertase activity may be from the voiding of enzyme along with the undigested food. PMID- 7371743 TI - Effect of vitamin E deficiency on lipid composition of CNS-myelin in the rat. AB - Vitamin E deficiency in the rat is accompanied by a decrease in total lipids and in cholesterol and an elevation in the lysolecithin content of CNS-myelin. PMID- 7371745 TI - Chromatin circles in amphibian provitellogenic oocytes. AB - Previtellogenic oocytes of Odontophrynus americanus display hundreds of chromatin circles. Electron microscopy of spread preparations of isolated nuclei shows that the circles originate from the chromatin. The circles change their morphology and form new copies. The length of the DNA packed in the nucleosomal circles is about 2.5--3.5 micrometer or multiples of this value. Assuming that histones need not be removed from chromatin before DNA replication we suggest that the circles might belong to the process of rDNA amplification. PMID- 7371746 TI - Enzyme variability in local populations of Drosophila species. AB - Dimeric acid phosphatases are coded by allelic variants of a single autosomal gene. Esterases have revealed allelic as well as non-allelic polymorphism. Allelic frequencies and proportion of heterozygosity at the polymorphic loci have been described. PMID- 7371747 TI - The karyotype of Typhlonectes compressicauda (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) with comments on chromosome evolution in caecilians. AB - Typhlonectes compressicauda has a diploid number of 28. Its karyotype, when compared to that of other caecilians, suggests some discordance in the hypothesized model of chromosome reduction in the evolution of amphibian lineages. PMID- 7371748 TI - A high number of chromosomes in the hillstream cyprinid, Tor putitora (Pisces). AB - The karyotype of a cyprinid fish occurring in India, Tor putitora, is described. The diploid complement comprises 100 chromosomes. The modal number in this family being 2n = 50, T. putitora appears to be another case of tetraploidy. PMID- 7371749 TI - Nucleolus organizer region location and 'ring' chromosomes in the bharal. AB - Silver-staining has been used to identify the nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in the bharal. These show homology with sheep, goat, cattle and aoudad. The association of the NORs on both telomeres of chromosome 3 results in a 'ring' chromosome. PMID- 7371750 TI - DNA methylation in chromatin fractions of chick embryo cells. AB - Transcriptionally active chromatin was prepared from cultured fibroblasts of chick embryos by fractionation after partial digestion with DNAase II. The degree of DNA methylation in the active chromatin fraction is twice that of inactive or unfractionated chromatin in unsynchronized cells and 4 to 5 times greater at the beginning of the S-phase in synchronized cells. PMID- 7371751 TI - Rickettsial infection in marine crustacea. AB - A rickettsial disease is described in the crab Carcinus mediterraneous Czerniavski. The pathogen develops within vacuoles in connective tissue cells. 2 morphologically different forms are observed in the last stage of infection. The systematic position of this procaryote is discussed. PMID- 7371752 TI - Chromatin condensation in isolated rat hepatocyte nuclei induced by ribonuclease treatment. AB - Ribonuclease treatment of isolated rat hepatocyte nuclei induced a 75% solubilization in hnRNA, a reduction of the quantity of perichromatin fibrils, and a marked condensation of chromatin. PMID- 7371753 TI - Systemic animal external parasiticidal activity of perfluoroalkylbenzimidazoles and their aminoanilide precursors. AB - In vitro and in vivo efficacy data indicate that chemical activity is optimized at the 2 carbon chain length and that these compounds have injectable potency and spectrum of activity against major animal external parasite species. PMID- 7371754 TI - Amounts of nuclear DNA in anurans of the USSR. AB - The amounts of nuclear DNA in blood erythrocytes of 18 species of Anura from the USSR have been determined to be in the range of 4.0--20.6 pg (10(-12) g). Brown frogs of genus Rana have lower mean genome sizes than green frogs. Palaearctic Anura, as a whole, have a greater content of nuclear DNA than the species of the same families from regions further south. PMID- 7371755 TI - Bactericidal effects of human sera versus pathogens. AB - Human sera, free of antibiotics, was found to possess varying degrees of bactericidal activity. A significantly greater amount of activity was seen against gram negative than gram positive bacteria. PMID- 7371756 TI - Inhibition of Physarum mitochondrial division by cytochalasin B. AB - The mitochondrial division of Physarum is inhibited by cytochalasin B. Dumbbell shaped dividing mitochondria become spherical bodies by this inhibitor. These results suggest that contractile proteins are essential for the mitochondrial division. PMID- 7371757 TI - The fine structure of cloned cells from normal adult rat brain. AB - A cell clone was isolated from a normal rat brain culture and maintained in vitro for many passages. It possessed glial characteristics; in particular ultrastructural examination revealed astrocytic features including the presence of filaments 9--11 nm in diameter. PMID- 7371758 TI - Lysozyme in eggs of the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). AB - Lysozyme exhibiting bacteriolytic activity was found in boll weevil eggs at a concentration of 2.22 ng of lysozyme per boll weevil egg. PMID- 7371759 TI - Prostaglandin-like substances in Propionibacterium acnes. IV. Effect on isolated human vessels. AB - The present study demonstrates a powerful vasoconstrictor activity of prostaglandin-like substances (PLS), extracted from P. acnes, on human blood vessels. PLS is about equipotent to PGE2 in its effect on human umbilical vessels, but the contractile response pattern is different. PLS therefore seems to have specific and different physiological characteristics. PMID- 7371760 TI - Volume reabsorption by the loop of Henle: a micropuncture study. AB - The observed extension of glomerulo-tubular beyond the proximal tube is thought to be due either to flow dependent reabsorption by non-accessible proximal segments and pars recta, or to osmotic volume flow out of the descending limb of the loop of Henle. PMID- 7371761 TI - The effects of parabiotic union with a normal partner on the blood tissue of the b/b rat suffering from an inheritable anemia. AB - The parabiotic union of a b/b rat, suffering from a red blood cell anemia, with a normal partner will restore to normal the functioning of this type of blood cell. The effect of parabiotic union is evident for several weeks following the separation of the parabiotic partners. It would be logical to conclude that the normal partner supplies a factor absent in the anemic animal needed for normal functioning of the red cell. PMID- 7371762 TI - Antidiuretic and thermogenic effects of intracerebroventricular prostaglandin H2 in ethanol-anaesthetized rats. AB - When PGH2 was administered intracerebroventricularly at doses of 5 and 15 nmoles in ethanol-anaesthetized rats, alcohol diuresis was inhibited and rectal temperature, blood pressure and heart rate were all significantly increased. PMID- 7371763 TI - Studies on the transmembrane ion currents in the smooth-muscle cells of the gastric fundus. AB - Under voltage-clamp conditions fast Ca2+-inward and early K+-outward currents were recorded from the smooth-muscle cells of the gastric fundus. It is assumed that the less electrical excitability of these cells is due to the early activation of the outward current. PMID- 7371764 TI - Myoglobin in the heart ventricle of tuna and other fishes. AB - The myoglobin content in the hearts of several fishes is positively correlated with the ecological physiology of the species. In the tuna heart, where the highest myoglobin values are found, the logarithmic relationship between myoglobin content and body weight is reported. PMID- 7371765 TI - Vascular reactivity in hypertension: altered effect of ouabain. AB - Ouabain inhibits the relaxing effect of Ca2+ (but not of Mn2+) on contractile responses in tail artery strips isolated from spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. The magnitude of ouabain inhibition was greater in vascular strips from hypertensive rats suggesting a significant difference in basic membrane function in hypertensive vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 7371766 TI - Selective depletion of spinal noradrenaline inhibits post-decapitation convulsions in rats. AB - Local administration of 6-hydroxydopamine in the subarachnoidal space of the spinal cord in rats resulted in a selective long-lasting depletion of spinal noradrenaline, but not of dopamine, and prevented the occurrence of post decapitation convulsions. PMID- 7371767 TI - A wide spectrum of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Musca domestica. AB - Selection of a strain of house flies with the pyrethroid bioresmethrin has resulted in a wide range of cross resistance to 15 other pyrethroid insecticides. PMID- 7371768 TI - Calcium content of experimental granuloma as determined by X-ray fluorescence. Influence of non-steroid antiinflammatory drugs. AB - The deposit of calcium in experimental granulomas as determined by X-ray fluorescence is notably decreased by orally given indomethacin and diflunisal. PMID- 7371769 TI - Antipyrine metabolism in cancer patients. AB - The metabolism of antipyrine was studied in cancer patients. Antipyrine elimination might be decreased in cancer patients. Increase in antipyrine half life is not primarily due to the presence of a tumor but rather to the nutritional status and liver function of an individual. PMID- 7371770 TI - Inhibition of Ca2+-induced noradrenaline release from central noradrenergic neurons by morphine. AB - Morphine inhibited the noradrenaline release from slices of rat brain cortex induced by introduction of Ca2+ ions after superfusion with Ca2+-free K+-rich solution. The degree of inhibition was inversely related to the Ca2+ concentration used for stimulation. PMID- 7371771 TI - Effects of tranylcypromine on the concentration of some trace amines in the diencephalon and hippocampus of the rat. AB - Concentrations of 4 trace amines in diencephalon and hippocampus of the rat were measured by integrated-ion-current mass spectrometry after administration of the antidepressant drug, tranylcypromine. Much larger increases were observed for 2 phenylethylamine and tryptamine than for m- and p-tyramine. PMID- 7371772 TI - Trimethoprim enhances the antibacterial activity of nalidixic and oxolinic acids and delays the emergence of resistance. AB - Trimethoprim enhances the in vitro activity of nalidixic and oxolinic acids against some representative pathogenic microorganisms, including those which are most frequently responsible for urinary tract infections, and delays the emergence of resistance in many of them. PMID- 7371773 TI - Renal polycystosis in the rat induced by prednisolone tertiary butyl acetate. AB - A single i.m. injection of 66 mg/kg prednisolone tertiary butyl acetate given on the 1st day of life produced glomerular degeneration and collecting duct and proximal tubule cysts in rat kidneys. There was evidence of delayed nephrogenesis leading to persistance of the neogenic zone. PMID- 7371774 TI - Heavy incorporation of 3H-prostaglandin F2 alpha in the neoplastic cells as revealed by autoradiographic studies. AB - A marked uptake (9-fold) of the 3H-PGF2 alpha was found specifically over heterochromatin in the nuclei of neoplastic cells. Lower but significant uptakes of 3H-PGF2 alpha were also found in the nuclei of control epidermal cells, which indicate the presence of nuclear receptors in the epidermal neoplastic cells. PMID- 7371775 TI - Autoradiographic localization of 3H-angiotensin II in rat adrenal glands. AB - Autoradiographic studies of rat adrenal gland approximately 1 min after intra aortic injection of 3H-angiotensin II show that radioactivity concentrates in the zona glomerulosa. This concentration is reduced by concomitant administration of excess unlabelled angiotensin II. PMID- 7371776 TI - Progesterone induced diminished incorporation of exogenous 14C-amino acids in diapausing mouse blastocysts. AB - Under identical in vitro labeling conditions, significantly lower amounts of radioactivity were found a) in proteins of early diapausing blastocysts (days 7-9 p.c.) vs normal, late blastocysts (day 5 p.c.) and b) in proteins of days 19-23 p.c. diapausing blastocysts from ovariectomized mothers treated with progesterone vs similar embryos from untreated mothers. Thus, progesterone, which maintains the viability of embryos during prolonged diapause, causes diminished utilization of exogenous amino acids for protein synthesis in these embryos. PMID- 7371777 TI - Participation of granulocytes and humoral factors in resolution of platelet aggregates during endotoxemia. AB - Hydrogen peroxide generated by phagocytizing granulocytes can prevent platelet aggregation induced by ADP or collagen but not by endotoxin. Endotoxin tolerance enhances granulocyte mobilization in response to endotoxin and reduces aggregation induced by endotoxin but not ADP or collagen. PMID- 7371778 TI - The effect of pinealectomy on serum progesterone and oestradiol levels during the last stage of pregnancy in rats. AB - Pinealectomy leads to significantly higher levels of progesterone (on days 19 and 20 of gestation) and oestradiol (on days 21 and 22) in the serum of pregnant rats. These results indicate that during the last phase of pregnancy the pineal gland may be modifying the levels of gonadal hormones, although not affecting the sequence of the physiological events. PMID- 7371779 TI - The effects of vitamin E-deficiency on serum prolactin and serum luteinising hormone levels in the pregnant rat. AB - No significant differences were observed between the serum prolactin or serum LH levels of vitamin E-deficient or vitamin E-replete rats during the first 12 days of gestation. It is suggested that pituitary dysfunction is not the cause of the characteristic foetal resorption observed in vitamin E-deficient rats. PMID- 7371780 TI - Fluorometric estimation of dead cells in cell suspensions. AB - An objective vitality test is proposed. It is based on the fluorescence increment of ethidium bromide in the presence of dead cells, which is proportional to cellular DNA under conditions previously defined. PMID- 7371781 TI - The bursa of Fabricius isolated from intestinal flow in chicken at hatching: the surgical technique. AB - A proposed operational technique is described whereby the intestinal flow from the Bursa of Fabricius in chickens at hatching is excluded. PMID- 7371782 TI - A comparative study of proteoglycans from bovine lung, trachea, tracheal mucosa, and aorta. AB - Proteoglycans were isolated from bovine lung, trachea, tracheal mucosa, and aorta by dissociative extraction with 4M guanidinium hydrochloride. Fractionation of these tissue extracts by cesium chloride density centrifugation and gel chromatography allowed the isolation from each extract of a high molecular weight fraction consisting mainly of proteochondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid. PMID- 7371783 TI - Effect of dietary cholic acid and cholesterol on liver and kidney cystathionase and cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase activities and taurine concentrations in the rat. AB - Hepatic cystathionase and cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase activities are drastically affected by cholic acid added to the diet without cholesterol. When cholic acid and cholesterol are given together, only cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase activity is changed. Neither kidney enzyme activity nor taurine concentrations in the liver and kidney are noticeably modified, whatever the diet. PMID- 7371784 TI - Mutagenicity of melanin from human red hair. AB - The Salmonella typhimurium histidine reversion test of Ames et al. was used to demonstrate the pheomelanin, the red-brown polymeric pigment produced in human skin and hair, becomes mutagenic after exposure to long wave-length UV-light; a finding consistent with the UV-induced somatic mutation hypothesis for the origin of freckles and the high susceptibility of redheads and blonds to sunlight induced skin cancers. PMID- 7371786 TI - Simple, geometrical model for a typical echinocyte III. AB - The purpose of the present work is to obtain information relative to the volume and surface area of echinocyte, type III, on the basis of simple, micrographical evidence. A concrete case has been examined as direct demonstration of theory and techniques of calculus. PMID- 7371785 TI - Studies on benzene mutagenesis. I. The micronucleus test. AB - The mutagenic action of benzene was studied by means of the micronucleus test performed on mice. A linear dose effect relationship was found for the percentage of micronucleated erythrocytes, against the benzene-dose logarithms. A significant dose effect correlation was found either after the standard 30-h experiments or after a prolonged 54-h one. A higher effect was found in the prolonged experiments, suggesting the induction of a delay in the cell cycle by benzene. PMID- 7371787 TI - The identification of dehydroretinol (vitamin A2) in human skin. AB - Vitamin A2 has for the first time been identified in a human tissue and, in contrast to vitamin A1, its concentration in the epidermis is markedly increased in a hyperkeratotic condition (Psoriasis vulgaris). PMID- 7371788 TI - Amino acid transport by small and large intestine of newborn pig. AB - Unidirectional fluxes of different amino acids have been determined across newborn pig small intestine and colon. The systems responsible for amino acid transport are present in the same proportion in both tissues. Colonic transport of amino acids appears to represent a transient overspill function of the small intestine. PMID- 7371789 TI - Estimation of pore passage time of red blood cells in normal subjects and patients with renal failure. AB - The average transit time of single red blood cells through a nuclepore membrane filter (pore diameter and length, 5 micrometers and 10 micrometers, respectively) was measured using an improved method and was shown to be an index of deformability. An increased passage time, indicating reduced deformability, was observed in renal failure. PMID- 7371790 TI - Protracted analgesia in young and adult rats maternally exposed to methadone. AB - The analgesic response to the hot-plate test was studied in 21-, 45-, 60-, 120- and 300-day-old rats maternally exposed to methadone (5 mg/kg). An elevation in nociceptive threshold, in the absence of further exposure to methadone, was observed in young and adult rats perinatally subjected to methadone. PMID- 7371791 TI - Potentiation of acoustic-trauma-induced audiogenic seizure susceptibility by salicylates in mice. AB - Combined exposure to noise and salicylates was found to produce greater acoustic trauma induced audiogenic seizure risk than exposure to the noise alone. The result suggests that salicylates could make the mouse cochlea more vulnerable to the traumatic action of noise. PMID- 7371792 TI - Effects of probenecid on plasma/tissue distribution of 14C-benzylpenicillin in rats. AB - Probenecid (50 mg . kg-1) was found to induce an increase of the plasma concentration of 14C-benzylpenicillin with a decrease of the concentration in liver and kidney. Accumulation in corresponding tissue slices was reduced by probenecid. Therefore, the well known increase of penicillin in plasma after probenecid seems to be not only due to an inhibition of renal excretion but also to a reduced tissue uptake in liver and kidney. PMID- 7371793 TI - Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in differentiation of duodenal epithelium of fetal rats in organ culture. AB - Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in the differentiation of duodenal epithelium of fetal rats was investigated by recombination experiments in vitro. The proportion of goblet cells in duodenal epithelium was significantly greater on recombination of developing duodenal epithelium with mesenchyme of the glandular stomach than on recombination with that of the duodenum. Mesenchyme of the glandular stomach or forestomach was better than duodenal mesenchyme in supporting morphogenesis of duodenal epithelium. Treatment of tissues with N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) did not affect these tissue interactions. PMID- 7371795 TI - The effect of Valium anaesthesia on the radiosensitivity of the skin of the mouse foot. AB - Valium anaesthesia significantly reduces the effect of large single doses of X rays on the mouse foot skin as compared with Nembutal anaesthesia. The radioprotective action of Valium may be attributed to a direct effect on the cells of the skin. PMID- 7371794 TI - Methyl methane sulfonate induced enhancement of Friend viral leukemogenesis. AB - Exposure to the chemical carcinogen, methyl methane sulfonate, enhanced leukemogenesis in mice given threshold doses of Friend leukemia virus, as shown by peripheral white blood cell counts, splenomegaly and survival. PMID- 7371796 TI - Induction of micronuclei in PHA-stimulated human lymphocyte cultures by therapeutic radiation. AB - Micronuclei frequency and percent of chromosome breaks increases significantly in adults whose thymus glands were irradiated in infancy and after irradiation of cancer patients. PMID- 7371797 TI - Induction of nucleolar segregation in adrenal fasciculata cells by actinomycin D. AB - Actinomycin D administration to young rats provokes segregation of the nucleoli of adrenal fasciculata cells into 5 distinct zones (granular, fibrillar and vacuolar zones, a fibrillar center, and a dense fibrillar or "contrasted" zone); in the cytoplasm, there were dilations of Golgi cisternae. In spite of the nucleolar segregation, the cytoplasmic alterations suggest the maintenance of protein synthesis. PMID- 7371798 TI - Enhancement by caffeine of the frequency of anaphase-telophase chromatin bridges induced by triethylenemelamine (TEM). AB - Treatment of BHK cells for 8 h with triethylenemelamine (TEM) followed by caffeine for 4 or 8 h, increased the frequency of anaphase-telophase chromatin bridges in relation to controls and TEM-treated cells. These results indicate that TEM-induced chromosome lesions detected as chromatin bridges at anaphase telophase could be potentiated by caffeine. PMID- 7371799 TI - Suppression of cytophilic antibody ('arming' factor) in the sera of patients with prostatic cancer by human seminal plasma. AB - The 'arming' of normal peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) by cytophilic antibody in the sera of prostatic cancer patients is suppressed by pretreatment of PBL with normal human seminal plasma (HuSPl). Suppression of cytophilic antibody by HuSPl extends the spectrum of immunologic reactions on which SPl has an immunosuppressive effect and may provide further insight into the possible role of SPl in the natural history of prostatic cancer. PMID- 7371800 TI - H-Y evolution. AB - The female:male sex ratio in litters born to C57 black mice immunized with male spleen preparations is 2:1 and males were stillborn. In addition Drosophila busckii males are H-Y antigen positive. It is argued that H-Y is the primary testicular determinant and that this role is evolutionarily ancient. PMID- 7371801 TI - DOCA administration increases renal phospholipase activity in the rat. AB - The phospholipase activity of renal tissue has been evaluated in controls and in DOCA treated rats. DOCA treated animal showed a higher than normal enzyme activity. Since a phospholipase is the key step in prostaglandin biosynthesis, it is suggested that the increased prostaglandin release promoted by mineraloactive steroids is mediated by an activation of this key enzyme. PMID- 7371803 TI - [Synthesis and hypoglycemic activity of p-N-acylaminobenzine sulfamides of N-(1 adamantyl)-oxamic acid]. PMID- 7371802 TI - A method for the determination of free neuraminic acid split from red blood cell receptors by attached Newcastle disease virus during simultaneous elution and hemolysis. AB - Determination of free neuraminic acid in chicken red blood cell (RBC) hemolysate becomes possible after deproteinization of the hemolysate by ethanol-chloroform followed by removal of the solvents by evaporation. This procedure permits the determination of in situ neuraminidase activity of virions preadsorbed on RBC receptors when the virus elution and hemolysis proceed simultaneously. PMID- 7371804 TI - [Main trends in the search for biologically active substances in the scientific institutions of the Ministry of Public Health of the Ukrainian SSR]. PMID- 7371805 TI - [Spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of free and bound mefenamic acid in biological material]. PMID- 7371806 TI - [Effect of the ionic makeup of the buffer mixtures on cyclodol and tropacine extraction with organic solvents]. PMID- 7371807 TI - [Quantitative determination of the ingredients in the preparation, Asparkam]. PMID- 7371808 TI - [Biopharmaceutical study of vaginal suppositories made of estradiol dipropionate]. PMID- 7371809 TI - [Process of tablet film coating with methylcellulose on a fluidized bed]. PMID- 7371811 TI - [Phytochemical study of the dropworts, Filipendula ulmaria and F. hexapetala, from the flora of Lvov Province]. PMID- 7371812 TI - [Introduction of the sea buckthorn into the Podolia]. PMID- 7371810 TI - [Optimization of the technology and studies of rectal drug forms. IV. The pharmacokinetics and relative biological availability of paracetamol and amidopyrine in the form of gelatin rectal capsules]. PMID- 7371813 TI - [Stages in the structural analysis of a prescription]. PMID- 7371814 TI - [Drug demand study in pharmaceutical establishments]. PMID- 7371815 TI - [Use of vacuum devices for the dosage measurement and dispensing of titrated solutions in analytical control laboratories]. PMID- 7371816 TI - [Modernization of the semiautomatic ZP1]. PMID- 7371817 TI - [Quantitative determination of cetamiphen in suppositories]. PMID- 7371818 TI - [Research results in the field of drug technology in the Ukraine]. PMID- 7371819 TI - [Quantitative determination of oxoline]. PMID- 7371820 TI - [Express acidimetric method of determining soluble furagin]. PMID- 7371821 TI - [Determination of cycloserine in biological material]. PMID- 7371822 TI - [Wild medicinal plant resources of the eastern districts of Chernovtsy Province]. PMID- 7371823 TI - iIF-2 initiation factor activity in postribosomal supernatant of hypertrophying rat diaphragm. PMID- 7371824 TI - Separation of ribosomal subunits on agarose gels. PMID- 7371825 TI - The isolation and some liganding properties of lactoperoxidase. PMID- 7371826 TI - Na+ releases Ca2+ from liver, kidney and lung mitochondria. PMID- 7371827 TI - Changes in myosin light chains in the rat soleus after thyroidectomy. PMID- 7371828 TI - Electrophoretic isolation of nucleosomes from Dictyostelium nuclei and nucleoli: proteins associated with monomers and dimers. PMID- 7371829 TI - The role of ceruloplasmin in Fe(III--transferrin formation in vitro. PMID- 7371830 TI - Immunological assays of the NADH dehydrogenase content of bovine heart mitochondria and submitochondrial particles. PMID- 7371831 TI - Generation of activated oxygen species by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 7371832 TI - Rat peritoneal mast cell carboxypeptidase: localization, purification, and enzymatic properties. PMID- 7371833 TI - Inhibition of protein synthesis by cibacron blue F3GA in eukaryotic cell-free extracts. PMID- 7371835 TI - Solvent isotope effects on tautomerization equilibria of papain and model thiolamines. PMID- 7371834 TI - Interaction of spin-labeled Naja naja siamensis alpha-neurotoxin with acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica. PMID- 7371836 TI - Is the thiolate--imidazolium ion pair the catalytically important form of papain? PMID- 7371838 TI - Polydeoxythymidylate inhibition of globin synthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Effect of concentration of potassium salts. PMID- 7371837 TI - Inhibition of aminopropyltransferases by S-adenosylmethionine. Effect of simultaneous administration of S-adenosylmethionine and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) on polyamine concentrations in regenerating rat liver. PMID- 7371839 TI - Two component fast photo-signals derived from rod outer segment membranes attached to porous cellulose filters. PMID- 7371840 TI - A radioimmunoassay for manganese containing superoxide dismutase. PMID- 7371841 TI - Demonstration of a heparin-releasable liver-lipase-like activity in rat adrenals. PMID- 7371842 TI - A group of H1 histone satellite acid-soluble non-histone chromatin proteins. PMID- 7371843 TI - Structural homology between a mammalian H1(0) subfraction and avian erythrocyte specific histone H5. PMID- 7371844 TI - Intramolecular location of the subunits of Androctonus australis hemocyanin. PMID- 7371846 TI - Peptide extraction by alkaline treatment is accompanied by rearrangement of the membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo marmorata. PMID- 7371845 TI - The occurrence of III3-alpha-fucosyllactoneotetraosylceramide in human brain. PMID- 7371847 TI - Prebiotic evolution: an approach to polymerisation based on crystal structures. PMID- 7371848 TI - Conformational analysis of apamin using the residual representation. PMID- 7371849 TI - Electron microscopic evidence for structural rearrangement of H1-depleted chromatin during thermal denaturation. PMID- 7371850 TI - Chicken erythrocyte histone H5. IV. Sequence of the carboxy-termined half of the molecule (96 residues) and complete sequence. PMID- 7371851 TI - Antigen-independent activation of the first component of complement C1 by chemically crosslinked rabbit IgG-oligomers. PMID- 7371852 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of an acidic calcium-binding protein from synaptic plasma membranes of rat brain. PMID- 7371853 TI - Calcium uptake by muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum following neural application of batrachotoxin or tetrodotoxin. PMID- 7371854 TI - Salt-dependent conformational changes of alanine dehydrogenase from Halobacterium salinarium. PMID- 7371855 TI - Sialic acid residues inhibit proteolytic degradation of dopamine beta hydroxylase. PMID- 7371856 TI - Synthesis of histone H1(0) is not inhibited in hydroxyurea-treated Friend cells. PMID- 7371857 TI - The primary structure of non-histone chromosomal protein HMG17 from chicken erythrocyte nuclei. PMID- 7371858 TI - Regulation of protein synthesis in eukaryotes by the protein kinases that phosphorylate initiation factor eIF-2. Evidence for a common mechanism of inhibition of protein synthesis. PMID- 7371859 TI - Site of synthesis of rat liver NADH--cytochrome b5 reductase, an integral membrane protein. PMID- 7371860 TI - Methylation of DNA in L cells on replication. PMID- 7371861 TI - Structural polypeptides of frog virus 3, phosphorylated proteins. PMID- 7371862 TI - Energetics of invertebrate anoxibiosis: direct calorimetry in aquatic oligochaetes. PMID- 7371863 TI - Coexistence of two pathways of spermidine biosynthesis in Lathyrus sativus seedlings. PMID- 7371864 TI - A glycolipid and its associated proteins: evidence by crosslinking of human erythrocyte surface components. PMID- 7371866 TI - The contribution of different glycoconjugates to the total ABH blood group activity of human erythrocytes. PMID- 7371865 TI - Subcellular distribution of phosphagens in isolated perfused rat heart. PMID- 7371868 TI - The federation board speaks to principal policy issues of Waxman bill at Anaheim meeting. PMID- 7371867 TI - The effect of polyamines on the enzymes of the 4-aminobutyric acid metabolism in mouse brain in vitro. PMID- 7371869 TI - Revision of federation constitution and bylaws. PMID- 7371870 TI - The peer review system. PMID- 7371871 TI - The peer review system. PMID- 7371872 TI - The peer review system. PMID- 7371873 TI - Biological clocks and puberty onset. AB - The ovulatory cycle in adult females appears to be a clock-driven process in which the regular gonadotrophin surges that induce ovulation are timed by the cycle of light and dark. In the absence of photoperiodic cues, the ovulatory surge appears to be driven by an endogenous rhythm, perhaps generated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. There is now evidence that puberty onset is associated with the development of the capacity to reset biological rhythms in response to photoperiodic cues and to link neuroendocrine secretion to clock rhythms. This capacity emerges around 26-28 days of age in immature animals. A hypothesis is presented in which the initiation of responsiveness to photoperiodic signals is related to the onset of regular waves of follicular development in the ovaries that culminate in first ovulation 10 to 14 days later. PMID- 7371874 TI - Structure of sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - A classification of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane into areas devoted to different functions is described. The junctional (j) SR is covered by feet, it faces towards the transverse tubules, and it is probably devoted to receiving a signal from them. The free (f) SR contains the calcium pump. Isolated SR forms two fractions: light and heavy SR. The heavy fraction is composed of the lateral sacs of the triad, containing calsequestrin, and its membrane comprises both f and j SR. The light fraction is entirely composed of fSR membrane. It is proposed that the feet join jSR membrane to particles contained within the transverse tubules and that they play a direct role in excitation-contraction coupling. PMID- 7371875 TI - Linear pharmacokinetic systems. AB - This paper discusses the analysis of linear, time-invariant pharmacokinetic systems. For compartmental systems, we briefly review important structural features such as strong components and traps, and methods of analysis and system identification. For noncompartmental systems, we note some properties of the impulse response, and we show that total drug exposure (Formula: see text) depends only on the total dose, and not on the rate or schedule of administration. We extend this and other laws to certain partially nonlinear systems. Finally, we note that peak drug levels usually decrease with slower rates of drug administration; but this is not necessarily true unless the impulse response is unimodal. The ratio of peak drug levels in two tissues does not necessarily increase or decrease uniformly as a function of the injection rate, but may be maximal at an intermediate injection rate. PMID- 7371876 TI - Pharmacokinetics in nonlinear and partially compartmentalized systems. AB - The pharmacokinetics of complex systems both linear and nonlinear, compartmentalized, distributed, and partially compartmentalized are reviewed. The two problems considered are: 1) the prediction of concentration or pharmacological effects, and 2) the determination of the input (absorption, dosage schedule) from a given set of measured or desired concentrations. These problems are solved using the super-position integral in linear time-invariant systems by i) integration and ii) deconvolution respectively. Time-varying systems are dealt with by using tracer methods. Nonlinear systems are defined as systems with concentration-dependent parameters. The examples of Michaelis-Menten kinetics, tissue binding, and threshold effects are considered. Approaches to solutions of these problems are generally model-dependent and achieved through i) system identification (parameter estimation), ii) linearization for limiting cases, and iii) tracer techniques. Tracer techniques effectively linearize a nonlinear system so that some variable-dependent parameters can be measured. It is suggested that some of the more general techniques used in the study of metabolic systems may be useful in pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7371877 TI - Current applications of physiological pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7371878 TI - Pharmacokinetics--one user's perspective. AB - Rate/duration-specified drug delivery systems have recently begun to appear as pharmaceuticals and as research tools. In both therapeutics and research, their major advantage is prevention of transient peaking of blood or tissue concentrations that are side-effect producing and potentially toxic; these peaks are the rule with conventional drench- or pulse-modes of drug administration via ordinary dosage forms. Each drug's pharmacokinetics provides the basis for specifying the rates at which its controlled delivery dosage forms should function in vivo. That is what pharmacokinetics can do for controlled drug delivery systems. What the availability of controlled drug delivery systems can do for pharmacokinetics is to make it both convenient and economical to study the steady-state pharmacokinetic behavior of a drug during chronic administration--as opposed to the much more complex and costly procedure of studying the transient pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug. Moreover, achieving and maintaining an approximately steady-state simplifies the study of spatial gradients in drug concentration in body fluids and tissues. In this fashion, advances in the technology of dosage forms, and the conversion from their static specification only by quantity to a dynamic specification by rate/duration, are strongly interdependent with both the theory and practice of pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7371879 TI - Application of Orthodox Jewish law to reproductive medicine. AB - The evaluation and management of fertility problems in Jewish Orthodox patients who strictly follow the Biblical teachings post special problems to the physician. Understanding of the religious, social, and cultural background is of paramount importance in the management of these patients. In this paper some of these problems are discussed. PMID- 7371880 TI - Febrile morbidity following hysterosalpingography: identification of risk factors and recommendations for prophylaxis. AB - Although previous large series have reported that from 0.3% to 1.3% of patients undergoing hysterosalpingography (HSG) develop infectious morbidity, our impression was that the incidence was higher among our patients. Therefore the records of 448 consecutive healthy women who underwent HSG were examined. Within 24 hours after the HSG, 14 of these 448 patients (3.1%) developed fever and pelvic peritonitis requiring hospitalization and treatment with parenteral antibiotics, a significantly greater frequency than reported elsewhere (P less than 0.01). Traditional laboratory tests failed to predict patients at risk, and prophylactic antibiotics effective against aerobic organisms could not protect against this complication. However, it was possible to design a scoring system based on specific findings in the history and previous physical examinations that was capable of identifying patients who would subsequently become infected. The clinical sensitivity of this scoring technique is 57%, clinical specificity 99%, and test efficiency 97%. It is suggested that in view of the major risk of post HSG infection in certain identifiable women and because of the impact of this complication on their future fertility, hysterosalpingography should not be performed in those patients determined to be at high risk. In women at lowest risk, the procedure is safe. Finally, in patients assigned an intermediate risk score, the risk-benefit ratio must be carefully weighed and discussed with the patient, and prophylactic antibiotics with anaerobic coverage should be considered. PMID- 7371881 TI - Clinical findings in infertile women with circulating antibodies against spermatozoa. AB - The association between clinical findings and the occurrence of spermagglutinating antibodies was investigated in serum from women in 326 consecutive infertile couples. No relationship was found between unexplained infertility and the occurrence of sperm antibodies as detected by the tray agglutination technique. The occurrence of pregnancy at follow-up was the same in women with and without circulating sperm antibodies. However, the cumulative probability of conception per year was significantly lower in women with spermagglutinating antibodies than in women without such activity (0.005 greater than 2 P greater than 0.001), and the results showed a positive correlation between the duration of infertility and the occurrence of sperm antibodies. The latter findings may either reflect a fertility-reducing effect of the sperm antibodies or represent a time-related increasing tendency to develop sperm antibodies secondarily to the infertility. PMID- 7371882 TI - Ultrastructural alterations in the adluminal testicular compartment in men with varicocele. AB - Testicular biopsies from 21 otherwise healthy men with diagnosed varicocele were processed for light and electron microscopy. Whereas germ cell morphology and tissue architecture of the basal testicular compartment appeared normal, cellular mophology and intercellular associations of the adluminal testicular compartment were variably altered. In affected tubules, spermatid nuclear and acrosomal morphology was abnormal and sloughing was evident. Spermatids were maloriented relative to Sertoli cells, and Sertoli-germ cell junctional complexes appeared to be structurally abnormal. Contradistinctly, Sertoli-Sertoli cell junctional complexes appeared unaffected. Results from this study indicate that testicular disruption in varicocele is a phenomenon of the adluminal compartment, that the Sertoli cell is, in fact, more sensitive to perturbation of the testicular environment than are germ cells, and that the Sertoli cell is the primary intratubular site of alteration leading secondarily to spermatogenic disruption. PMID- 7371883 TI - Penetration of human spermatozoa into the human zona pellucida and the zona-free hamster egg: a study of fertile donors and infertile patients. PMID- 7371884 TI - Danazol suppresses luteal function in vitro and in vivo. AB - Danazol inhibited chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated progesterone production by pregnant rat luteal cells in vitro in a dose-dependent fashion. Spectral studies indicated that the inhibition was a consequence of danazol's interfering with the functioning of mitochondrial cytochrome P-450, an essential component of the enzyme system involved in progesterone biosynthesis. Danazol also suppressed luteal function in vivo, serum levels of progesterone being reduced by 50% to 70% when danazol (50 mg/kg) was administered thrice daily to rats from days 10 to 15 of pregnancy. Since danazol (30 microM) also inhibited progesterone production by human luteal cells in vitro and was dominant to the luteotrophic action of chorionic gonadotropin, it is suggested that danazol may have some potential as an interceptive agent in humans. PMID- 7371888 TI - Choosing a computer service bureau. PMID- 7371887 TI - Hirsutism: evaluation and therapy. PMID- 7371889 TI - Monitoring health planning. PMID- 7371885 TI - Tubo-ovarian transposition for multifocal obstructive tubal disease. PMID- 7371886 TI - A new technique to measure the liquefaction rate of human semen: the bag method. PMID- 7371890 TI - Staphylococcal endocarditis: a review. PMID- 7371891 TI - Planning for Omega. PMID- 7371892 TI - Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in reptiles: intraepithelial cells. PMID- 7371894 TI - [Relative concentration of VLDL C-apolipoproteins in the hyperlipoproteinaemia of haemodialysis-treated chronic renal failure (author's transl)]. AB - The hypertriglyceridaemia of patients with haemodialysis-treated chronic renal insufficiency was characterized in respect of the apolipoproteins C of VLDL. Using Kane's method, particular attention was paid to the CII/CIII ratio of VLDL isolated by ultracentrifugation in eleven hemodialyzed patients with hypertriglyceridaemia. There was a significant decrease of this ratio compared to twenty three patients with essential hypertriglyceridaemia. A removal defect is suggested as fundamental to the pathogenesis of the hypertriglyceridaemia of renal failure since apoprotein CII acts as a specific activator of lipoprotein lipase. PMID- 7371893 TI - Studies on the blood groups in the Japanese quail: detection of three antigens and their inheritance. PMID- 7371895 TI - [A study of platelet abnormalities in obese subjects (author's transl)]. AB - In 81 obese subjects the following studies were performed: --measurement of fat mass and its distribution in the body, --exploration of carbohydrate tolerance and lipid plasma level, --assessment of platelet aggregation and coagulation activity, --investigation of the chemical composition of platelet phospholipids. Platelet hyperactivity was demonstrated in certain patients, as evidenced by the presence of irreversible platelet aggregation with low doses of aggregation agents and by an increase in platelet coagulant activity; the latter phenomenon was not accompanied by a change in the biochemical composition of platelet phospholipids. Results of this work showed that platelet activity was not related to body weight and displayed no correlation or a slightly negative one to fat mass excess. Platelet activity was significantly increased in cases where obesity predominated in the upper body (hyperandroid obesity). The classical association of diabetes and atherosclerosis with hyperandroid obesity did not allow us to distinguish between the relative importance of hyperandroid obesity and diabetes in the observed platelet hyperactivity. Regardless of the causal mechanism involved, the relationship between platelet hyperactivity and upper body fat excess should be kept in mind. PMID- 7371896 TI - [Variations of the coefficient of glucose assimilation in normal pregnancy]. AB - Three hundred eleven intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in normal pregnant women between the 8th and the 40th week, and compared with similar tests performed in two groups of non-pregnant women, one group on oral contraceptives, the other not. There was a relative improvement in glucose tolerance at the beginning of pregnancy followed by marked loss of tolerance after the 24th week. This evolution is due to the physiologic adaptation of the maternal pancreas to fetal and placental metabolism. The range of normality for the glucose disappearance rate differs before and after the 24th week of pregnancy, and this must be recognised in setting diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes. Consideration of simultaneous studies of glucose tolerance and insulin secretion at various periods of pregnancy suggests that changes in K value are more closely correlated with variations in peripheral insulin effects than with changes in insulin secretory function of the maternal pancreas. PMID- 7371897 TI - Circulating iodothyronines in juvenile diabetic outpatients. AB - Serum T3, rT3, T4 and TSH were measured in ten healthy subjects, in nine juvenile diabetic outpatients in fair metabolic control (fasting plasma glucose 6.5 mmol/1, 2.6-9.5 mmol/1 (mean, range), HbA1 10.1%, 8.1-12.2%), and in ten juvenile diabetic outpatients in poor metabolic control but without ketonuria (fasting blood glucose 15.1 mmol/l, 11.1-22.4 mmol/l, HbA1, 13,8% 10.8-16,2%. Serum T3 was identical in normal subjects and in diabetics in fair metabolic control. Diabetics in poor metabolic control had 13.0% lower serum T3 than normal subjects (2 p less than 0.05). No difference between groups was observed in serum rT3, T4 and TSH. These findings indicate that in diabetic patients, metabolic derangement induces alterations in serum T3 more easily than in serum rT3. However, alteration in serum T3 is not a sensitive indicator of moderate metabolic derangement in diabetic patients. PMID- 7371898 TI - Generation of antibody diversity subsequent to antigenic stimulation. AB - Experiments are presented in which spleen cells from donor mice, exhibiting a clonally very restricted early antibody response to a small RNA bacteriophage, are transferred at limiting cell dose into irradiated syngeneic recipients. Antibodies produced in such recipients were analyzed with regard to isoelectric points (pI's). Most antibodies in the recipients were found to differ from the donor, but the pI range into which they fall is frequently fairly narrow and related to the pI of the donor. It is suggested that most recipient clones may be derived from a common ancestral precursor cell by somatic mutation in immunoglobulin genes, conceivably subsequent to antigenic stimulation. If such a process should indeed account for the observed diversity, it would imply an unusually high mutation rate. PMID- 7371899 TI - Twenty-three new human tumor lines established in nude mice. AB - Subcutaneous inoculation of 87 human tumors into athymic nude mice, including gastrointestinal (non-colon) tumors, germ cell-primitive cell tumors, kidney tumors, lower urinary tract tumors, malignant melanomas and several metastases from unknown primary sites, resulted in growth in primary transplants in 32 cases (36.8%). Take rates varied among the tumor categories, from 56% for malignant melanomas to 13% for lower urinary tract tumors. They also differed among recurrent tumors (50%), metastases (41%) and tumors of primary site (28%). 23 tumor lines were established, including five lines each from renal cell adenocarcinomas and malignant melanomas, two each from adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and Wilms' tumors and only line each from various tumors of the gastrointestinal, germ cell-primitive cell, lower urinary tract and primary site unknown categories. The frequency of line establishment was greater for recurrent tumors and metastases than for primary tumors. Tumor lines have been carried continuously up to passage 17 in one case. Time in primary transplant varied from 3 to 29 weeks for the individual tumors and the average primary transplant time varied from 5.8 to 14.7 weeks for the six tumor categories. The average time in passage varied among the established lines from 2.3 to 10.6 weeks. The average passage time for all tumor lines was 5.3 weeks, with those of recurrent tumor origin showing the shortest average (4.0 weeks) followed by lines of metastatic origin (5.4 weeks) and those of primary tumor origin (5.8 weeks). PMID- 7371901 TI - Modes of accumulation and binding of porphyrins by murine leukaemia L1210 cells [proceedings]. PMID- 7371900 TI - Durable sensitization of hormone receptors during differentiation in regenerating planarians by treatment with homologous or analogous hormone molecules. AB - Hormonal (dopamine, epinephrine) treatment of planarians during total regeneration (sensitizing treatment) resulted in amplification of the receptors, which accounted for an increased response to later hormone exposure (provocative treatment). While not presensitized specimens showed an identical increase of glucose uptake upon provocative treatment with either hormone, dopamine proved to be more active than epinephrine regardless of homologous or analogous presensitization. The glucose-uptake-enhancing effect of dopamine was independent of the presensitizing dose level, whereas that of epinephrine was not, having increased as the presensitizer concentration was elevated. The experimental observations indicate that the hormone receptors may become modified, i.e. durably amplified, during the differentiation stage and that exposure of the differentiating receptor to a structurally dissimilar, analogous molecule may result not only in deformation, but also in amplification of the receptor. PMID- 7371902 TI - Disturbance to energy production in vivo caused by hormones and sympathomimetics in the S180 sarcoma, with consequent drug-induced necrosis [proceedings]. PMID- 7371903 TI - Separation of different cell types from a transplanted hepatoma [proceedings]. PMID- 7371905 TI - Specific calcium ion-dependent release of L-glutamate from rat striatum [proceedings]. PMID- 7371904 TI - Binding of L-[3H]glutamate to cerebellar synaptic membranes: stability of receptor sites and effects of protein- and membrane-modifying agents [proceedings]. PMID- 7371906 TI - Membrane movement by growth of interfacial instabilities [proceedings]. PMID- 7371907 TI - Partitioning of bile acids into subcellular organelles and their derived subcellular distribution [proceedings]. PMID- 7371908 TI - A rapid method for the quantification of lipid classes after charring on thin layer chromatoplates [proceedings]. PMID- 7371909 TI - Role of endocytic vesicles in the transport of proteins into bile [proceedings]. PMID- 7371910 TI - 'Binding' of [14C]phenol to rat liver high-speed supernatant [proceedings]. PMID- 7371911 TI - Effect of poly(ethylene glycol)-palmitate on the partition of cells in aqueous polymer two-phase systems [proceedings]. PMID- 7371912 TI - Effect of a substituted pyridazinone, compound BASF 13-338 on membrane lipid synthesis in photosynthetic tissues [proceedings]. PMID- 7371913 TI - Fatty acid elongation by the microsomal fraction from germinating pea (Pisum sativum L.) [proceedings]. PMID- 7371914 TI - Incorporation of cholesterol in vitro into rat liver microsomal fractions from serum and its effect on cytochrome P-450-dependent hydroxylation [proceedings]. PMID- 7371915 TI - Factors affecting the release and activity of tissue thromboplastin [proceedings]. PMID- 7371916 TI - A membrane-bound system for isoprenoid biosynthesis in Micrococcus luteus (Micrococcus lysodeikticus) [proceedings]. PMID- 7371917 TI - Membrane damage caused by bile salts [proceedings]. PMID- 7371918 TI - The breakdown products of spectrin produced by ultrasonication [proceedings]. PMID- 7371919 TI - Cholesterol pools in rat erythrocyte membranes [proceedings]. PMID- 7371920 TI - Partial purification of a native form of thromboplastin from porcine brain [proceedings]. PMID- 7371921 TI - Inhibition of cultured cell growth by high-molecular-weight material extracted from Actinomyces israelii [proceedings]. PMID- 7371922 TI - Effect of adenosine triphosphate and related agents on [14C]choline uptake by guinea-pig neocortex synaptosomes [proceedings]. PMID- 7371923 TI - Purine base and nucleoside, cytidine and uridine concentrations in foetal calf and other sera [proceedings]. PMID- 7371924 TI - Evolutionary perspectives of peptides from gut endocrine cells and nerves. PMID- 7371925 TI - Studies on the apparent inhibition of the type-M pyruvate kinase from Carcinus maenas (the common shore crab) by phospho-L-arginine [proceedings]. PMID- 7371926 TI - Physiology of gastrointestinal hormones. PMID- 7371928 TI - Membrane enzymes in their lipid environment. PMID- 7371927 TI - Clinical disorders of gastrointestinal hormones. PMID- 7371929 TI - Membrane phospholipids, exocytosis and cell division. PMID- 7371930 TI - Fat-mobilizing peptides of the pituitary gland [proceedings]. PMID- 7371931 TI - Characterization of the glucagon-like polypeptides released by the dog gut into the circulation [proceedings]. PMID- 7371932 TI - Mucus in the gastric juice of cats during pentagastrin and secretin infusions: the viscosity in relation to glycoprotein structure and concentration [proceedings]. PMID- 7371933 TI - Transport and metabolism of glucose by the small intestine of lean and obese hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice in vitro: effects of age [proceedings]. PMID- 7371934 TI - The role of presynaptic-membrane protein phosphorylation in modulating neurotransmitter release [proceedings]. PMID- 7371935 TI - [Methionine]enkephalin is a potent stimulant for gamma-aminobutyrate release [proceedings]. PMID- 7371936 TI - Influence of exogenous L-3,4,-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) on the methionine and s-adenosylmethionine concentrations in the brain and other tissues [proceedings]. PMID- 7371937 TI - Effects of chlorpromazine and reserpine on changes in cerebral amino acid concentrations and release induced by afferent electrical stimulation [proceedings]. PMID- 7371938 TI - Changes in amino acid concentrations in rat brain after pretreatment with neuroleptic drugs and picrotoxin [proceedings]. PMID- 7371939 TI - Changes in protein synthesis in cortical subcellular fractions after activation of the brachial plexus [proceedings]. PMID- 7371940 TI - Some characteristics of fucose uptake in synaptosomes [proceedings]. PMID- 7371941 TI - The kinetics of the inhibition of rat brain synaptosomal dopamine uptake by manganous ions [proceedings]. PMID- 7371942 TI - The lipid and glycoprotein composition of peripheral-nervous-system myelin subfractions isolated by zonal centrifugation [proceedings]. PMID- 7371943 TI - Inhibition of rat brain synaptosomal dopamine uptake by Cd2+: a kinetic study [proceedings]. PMID- 7371944 TI - Soluble leaf proteins of virus-infected tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivars [proceedings]. PMID- 7371946 TI - A colorimetric assay for mucous glycoproteins using Alcian Blue [proceedings]. PMID- 7371945 TI - The preparation of a fraction with tubulin-like properties from the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta [proceedings]. PMID- 7371947 TI - The heterogeneity of rat plasma high-density lipoproteins [proceedings]. PMID- 7371948 TI - Lipoprotein lipase activity in the post-heparin plasma and adipose tissue of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) [proceedings]. PMID- 7371949 TI - Protein and collagen synthesis in isolated rabbit muscles: effects of changes of tension in vitro [proceedings]. PMID- 7371950 TI - Glycerol inhibition of proton-dependent binding of ligands to haemoproteins [proceedings]. PMID- 7371951 TI - Intracellular proteolysis in rabbit reticulocytes decreases with cell age [proceedings]. PMID- 7371952 TI - Inhibition by antithrombin III of carrageenan- and xylan SP54-induced aggregation of human blood platelets [proceedings]. PMID- 7371953 TI - The purification of minor species of methionine-accepting transfer ribonucleic acid from Scenedesmus obliquus [proceedings]. PMID- 7371954 TI - Early developmental changes in tRNA of Dictyostelium discoideum [proceedings]. PMID- 7371955 TI - Inhibition of primary alkylsulphohydrolase induction in Pseudomonas C12B by exogenous uridine triphosophate but not by exogenous or endogenous adenosine triphosphate [proceedings]. PMID- 7371956 TI - Uses of tunicamycin. PMID- 7371957 TI - The effect of tunicamycin on wall-polymer synthesis in Bacilli. PMID- 7371959 TI - Computer-assisted sequencing of peptide mass spectra [proceedings]. PMID- 7371958 TI - The effects of tunicamycin on protein glycosylation in mammalian and fungal systems. PMID- 7371960 TI - Age and sex differences related to platelet aggregation [proceedings]. PMID- 7371961 TI - Phosphoproteins of the lymphocyte plasma membrane [proceedings]. PMID- 7371962 TI - Photoperiodic control in vivo and in vitro of tocopherol oxidase in Xanthium strumarium L [proceedings]. PMID- 7371963 TI - On the stability of nucleotide and nucleoside diphosphate sugar concentrations in isolated hepatocytes [proceedings]. PMID- 7371964 TI - Inhibition by tunicamycin of glycoprotein synthesis and secretion in isolated rat hepatocytes [proceedings]. PMID- 7371965 TI - Adenosine diphosphate ribosylation of proteins in rat pancreas [proceedings]. PMID- 7371966 TI - An inhibitor of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) glycohydrolase found in vivo in germinating wheat embryos [proceedings]. PMID- 7371967 TI - Action of dithiothreitol and mersalyl on trypsin followed by naphthylamidase assay and active-site titration [proceedings]. PMID- 7371968 TI - Effect of cell ageon the malonaldehyde formation in erythrocytes in vitro [proceedings]. PMID- 7371969 TI - The controlled peroxidation of lipids by singlet oxygen [proceedings]. PMID- 7371970 TI - A putative pathway of glyconeogenesis in skeletal muscle [proceedings]. PMID- 7371971 TI - Comparison of a paper pill with a conventional oral contraceptive tablet. AB - A multicentre clinical trial comparing a novel formulation (the Paper Pill) of a combined oral contraceptive containing 30 microgram ethinyloestradiol and 150 microgram levonorgestrel with a conventional tablet formulation (Microgynon 30) has been carried out in 336 women over 6 cycles. There were no pill failures in women taking either preparation with one exception in the Microgynon 30 group which was due to poor patient compliance. Cycle control judged by cycle length, duration and amount of withdrawal bleeding and the incidence of intermenstrual bleeding was good in both groups. The number of adverse effects was slightly less in the Paper Pill group and fewer withdrawals for questionnaire reasons were noted than in the Microgynon 30 group. A questionnaire showed that the Paper Pill was accepted well by the majority of women in the trial. PMID- 7371973 TI - Induction of labour with oral prostaglandin E2: a Canadian multicentre study. AB - Prostaglandin E2 (PgE2) tablets were administered orally for the induction of labour at or near term to 680 patients. Successful vaginal delivery occurred in 81.8% of patients with a mean total dose of 3.7 mg and a mean induction-delivery interval of 7.1 hours. PgE2 was most efficacious in parous patients and in those with high Bishop scores. The most common maternal side-effects were gastro intestinal in nature and uterine hypertonus was observed in six patients. Foetal heart rate changes occurred in fifty patients. PMID- 7371972 TI - The monitored release of buprenorphine: results in the young. AB - Temgesic Injection (buprenorphine), a potent analgesic agent, was given to 240 patients under 18 years of age during a year of monitored release. All but four had the product for the management of moderate or severe pain in the immediate post-operative period. Analgesia was reported as adequate or good in 90% of these young patients when it was assessed 2 and 4 hours after infection. There were no reports of side-effects commonly associated with strong analgesics and particularly antagonist-analgesics such as confusion, hallucination, blurred vision, dry mouth and lightheadedness. There were no serious respiratory or cardiovascular effects. The incidences of other events did not differ from those recorded in the much larger adult population of almost 8,000 patients. Buprenorphine is an effective analgesic suitable for use in the young post operative patient. PMID- 7371974 TI - Conformational change of the thyroglobulin molecule induced by oxidation in vitro. AB - Previous electron-microscopical studies from this laboratory have shown that the thyroglobulin molecule can occur in two different conformations, one ovoid and the other cylindrical. Ovoid molecules are characteristic of well-iodinated thyroglobulin whereas cylindrical molecules are found after low-iodine diet or blocking of iodination. The present study was performed in order to elucidate the possible relation between the molecule conformation and the peroxidase-catalyzed reactions that occur in the thyroid in connection with hormone synthesis. Cylindrical thyroglobulin molecules (from PTU-exposed thyroids) were incubated in different media and the proportion of cylindrical and ovoid molecules after incubation was estimated in electron micrographs. It was found that incubation with glucose-glucose oxidase caused an extensive conversion of cylindrical molecules into ovoid molecules. Peroxidase and/or iodide were not necessary for this change of conformation. It is suggested that this in vitro molecule transformation was the result of an oxidation reaction. PMID- 7371976 TI - Studies on the development of the definitive cell type of embryonic epidermis using the cross-linked envelope as a differentiation marker. PMID- 7371975 TI - Melanogenesis in oocytes of wild-type and mutant albino axolotls. PMID- 7371977 TI - Regeneration of symmetrical forelimbs in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum. PMID- 7371978 TI - Distal transformation from double-half forearms in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum. PMID- 7371979 TI - Expression of maternal and paternal histone genes during early cleavage stages of the echinoderm hybrid Strongylocentrotus purpuratus x Lytechinus pictus. PMID- 7371980 TI - Cytoplasmic and nuclear protein synthesis during in vitro differentiation of murine ICM and embryonal carcinoma cells. PMID- 7371981 TI - Ultrastructure and electrical activity in developing heart cells (insect). PMID- 7371982 TI - Cholinergic neuronotrophic factors. III. Developmental increase of trophic activity for chick embryo ciliary ganglion neurons in their intraocular target tissues. PMID- 7371983 TI - Early events following amputation of adult newt limbs given regeneration inhibitory doses of X irradiation. PMID- 7371984 TI - Parental effects and phenotypic characterization of mutations that affect early development in Caenorhabditis elegans. PMID- 7371985 TI - The molt cycle and its hormonal control in Rhithropanopeus harrisii larvae. PMID- 7371986 TI - A study of the chorion and the follicle cells in relation to the sperm-egg interaction in the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. PMID- 7371987 TI - Protein synthesis in the salivary glands of Rhynchosciara americana. PMID- 7371988 TI - PCC4azal teratocarcinoma stem cell differentiation in culture. III. Cell-to-cell communication properties. PMID- 7371989 TI - Separate effects of exogenous hyaluronic acid on proteoglycan synthesis and deposition in pericellular matrix by cultured chick embryo limb chondrocytes. PMID- 7371990 TI - Neural crest cell migration in relation to extracellular matrix organization in the embryonic axolotl trunk. PMID- 7371991 TI - Control of desmosome formation in aggregating embryonic chick cells. PMID- 7371992 TI - Yolk sac endoderm: exclusive site of serum protein synthesis in the early chick embryo. PMID- 7371993 TI - Specific protein synthesis in cellular differentiation. IV. The chorion proteins of Bombyx mori and their program of synthesis. PMID- 7371994 TI - Specific protein synthesis in cellular differentiation. V. A secretory defect of chorion formation in the Grcol mutant of Bombyx mori. PMID- 7371995 TI - The cuticular proteins of Tenebrio molitor. I. Electrophoretic banding patterns during postembryonic development. PMID- 7371996 TI - The cuticular proteins of Tenebrio molitor. II. Patterns of synthesis during postembryonic development. PMID- 7371997 TI - PCC4azal teratocarcinoma stem cell differentiation in culture. I. Biochemical studies. PMID- 7371998 TI - PCC4azal teratocarcinoma stem cell differentiation in culture. II. Morphological characterization. PMID- 7371999 TI - Autoradiographic study of proliferating brain cells in culture. PMID- 7372000 TI - Studies of testosterone-induced involution of the bursa of Fabricius. PMID- 7372001 TI - Evidence that somatomedin is synthesized by multiple tissues in the fetus. PMID- 7372002 TI - A temporal analysis of the synthesis of the mRNA sequestered in zoospores of Blastocladiella emersonii. PMID- 7372003 TI - Effect of apical epidermal cap on mitotic cycle and cartilage differentiation in regeneration blastemata in the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. PMID- 7372004 TI - Pattern regulation in the embryonic chick limb: supernumerary limb formation with anterior (non-ZPA) limb bud tissue. PMID- 7372005 TI - Protein constituents of the mouse spermatozoon. I. An electrophoretic characterization. PMID- 7372006 TI - Protein constituents of the mouse spermatozoon. II. Temporal synthesis during spermatogenesis. PMID- 7372007 TI - Erythropoiesis in normal and mutant chick embryos. PMID- 7372008 TI - Are surface potentials necessary for amphibian limb regeneration? PMID- 7372009 TI - Secretion of basal lamina by trypsin-isolated embryonic mouse molar epithelia cultured in vitro. PMID- 7372010 TI - Autonomous puffing patterns in thoracic and abdominal polytene bristle cell chromosomes of the flesh fly Sarcophaga barbata. PMID- 7372011 TI - Levels of ovalbumin messenger RNA sequences in nonoviduct tissues of the chicken. PMID- 7372012 TI - Studies on avian erythrocyte metabolism. IX. Relationship of changing organic phosphate composition to whole blood oxygen affinity during development of the ostrich (Struthio camelus camelus). PMID- 7372013 TI - Spatial distribution of abundant proteins in oocytes and fertilized eggs of the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). PMID- 7372014 TI - Homograft tympanoplasty: graft material effects on otoadmittance and audiometric measurements. AB - Otoadmittance measurements and air- and bone-conduction thresholds were obtained for 20 subjects who underwent type I tympanoplasty. Component tympanometry, particularly with a high-frequency probe tone, demonstrated that homograft tympanic membrane transplants exhibited more normal function than did temporalis fascia grafts. Audiometric results revealed greater hearing improvement by the homograft transplant group. PMID- 7372015 TI - Loudness and the acoustic reflex. AB - Fifteen subjects with unilateral sensorineural hypacusis were tested to determine the sound intensity eliciting the acoustic reflex in normal and impaired ears and the sound intensity in the normal ear which is equal in loudness to the intensity eliciting the acoustic reflex in the abnormal ear. Results suggest that loudness is not the mediating factor in the acoustic reflex, justifying the suggestion that low sensation level reflexes observed in hearing-impaired patients should not be considered an unequivocal indicant of recruitment. PMID- 7372016 TI - The masking plateau revisited. AB - The masking plateau is defined in terms of effective masking. Formulas are advanced to indicate conditions of under-masking, minimum masking, the plateau, maximum masking, and overmasking. PMID- 7372017 TI - Collapsing ears and the use of circumaural ear cushions at 3000 Hz. AB - Evaluation of hearing acuity at 3000 Hz may be required when there is claim of financial compensation for hearing loss. If collapsing pinnea or ear canals are present, circumaural ear cushions on audiometer earphones can be used to avoid spurious elevation of thresholds. A dial correction is developed for application at 3000 Hz, to be used with corrections developed in a previous study when NAF 48490-1 circumaural ear cushions are used during audiometry. PMID- 7372018 TI - Clinical experience with tinnitus maskers. AB - Results from tinnitus evaluations and follow-up questionnaires were used in an effort to assess the efficacy of tinnitus masking units as a means of providing active and/or passive relief for patients experiencing problematical tinnitus. Nine of 34 patients (26%) who were felt to be candidates for masking units reported that they were receiving some form of relief from their tinnitus. PMID- 7372019 TI - Tinnitus maskers: a follow-up. AB - A follow-up study was conducted on the 31 individuals who rented tinnitus maskers after otologic and audiologic examination and consultation. Ten of 31 purchased instruments after a 30-day rental period. Eight of 10 who purchased instruments have been contacted either by letter or by phone. Two of eight are presently using their instruments on a regular basis. One is using his masker sporadically and is not positive about the help received. PMID- 7372020 TI - Evaluation of a tinnitus masking program: a follow-up study of 598 patients. AB - A follow-up study of two groups of tinnitus patients was conducted in an attempt to evaluate the tinnitus masking program. Results are discussed separately for a group of patients seen during the first three years of the program (1976 through 1978) and during the last year (1979). These results suggest an improvement in the management of the tinnitus patient and support this procedure as a viable technique in providing relief for selected tinnitus patients. PMID- 7372021 TI - Bone-conduction speech testing: calibration force and voltage levels for two vibrators. PMID- 7372022 TI - The acoustic reflex in children without an hermetic seal. AB - In clinical practice with children, the hermetic seal is either often not obtainable or is lost before acoustic reflex measures are obtained. In a recent study, Surr and Schuchman (Archives of Otolaryngology 102, 160--161, 1976.) found that in the majority of cases reflex thresholds could be measured in adults with normal middle ears in the absence of an hermetic seal. This study was designed to find out whether the conclusions of Surr and Schuchman could be extended to children. Sealed and unsealed reflexes were compared in 30 children, ages 3 to 7, with normal middle ears. Results indicated that: (1) approximately two-thirds of the children demonstrated reflexes in the unsealed condition; (2) differences between sealed and unsealed reflex thresholds were not clinically significant; (3) in most cases, unsealed reflexes were measurable at all frequencies or at none; (4) neither size of ear canal volume nor amplitude of the sealed reflex at 10 dB SL seemed to be related to the presence or absence of the unsealed reflex. It was concluded that reflex thresholds obtained in the absence of an hermetic seal may be considered valid but the absence of an unsealed reflex should not be considered diagnostically significant. PMID- 7372023 TI - Psychoacoustic correlates of susceptibility to auditory fatigue. AB - The present study was designed to explore psychoacoustic correlates of susceptibility to auditory fatigue. Fifty-six normal-hearing subjects were given two monaural auditory fatigue tests. The high-frequency test consisted of a 3-min exposure to a 110 dB SPL, 2 kHz pure tone, with temporary threshold shift (TTS) measured at 4 kHz. The low-frequency test consisted of a 3-min exposure to a 115 dB SPL, 500 Hz pure tone, with TTS measured at 1 kHz. Amount of TTS and TTS recovery time were compared with performance on a test battery consisting of: (1) masking level differences; (2) brief-tone audiometry; (3) speech discrimination in noise; and (4) the threshold of octave masking test. A small negative correlation was found between amount of TTS and results of the threshold of octave masking test and the results of brief-tone audiometry. Subjects with larger amounts of TTS tended to have lower thresholds of octave masking and flattened threshold-duration functions. PMID- 7372024 TI - Evaluation of a new tape recording of the synthetic sentence identification test. AB - The purpose of this study was to collect normative data on a commercially available tape recording of the Synthetic Sentence Identification test with ipsilateral competing message. Twenty normal-hearing subjects with no history of central auditory dysfunction were used. Mean percentage of intelligibility scores and standard deviations were obtained at various message-competition ratios. Results were compared to previous research. The data obtained using this recording can now be used as a reference for making clinical judgments. PMID- 7372025 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobin and relative polycythaemia in diabetes mellitus. AB - Sixty-five diabetic patients had a total red cell count significantly greater than 65 age and sex matched non-diabetics; (4.93 +/- 0.06 x 10(6) and 4.50 +/- 0.05 x 10(6) red cells/ul respectively; p less than 0.005). In 110 diabetic patients, total red cell count was positively correlated with the proportion of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) (r = 0.32, p less than 0.001). The correlation was maintained in 60 of these patients with a mean blood glucose less than 15 mmol/l (r = 0.33, p less than 0.05), and in 49 non-smoking diabetic patients (r = 0.30, p = 0.05). It is proposed that the greater proportion of higher oxygen affinity HbA1 in comparatively uncontrolled diabetics may be inducing sufficient tissue hypoxia to cause the demonstrated relative polycythaemia. PMID- 7372026 TI - Platelet shape change abnormalities in diabetic retinopathy. AB - In vitro platelet aggregation has been studied in 29 normal subjects and 35 diabetic patients with retinopathy by conventional aggregating agents and by a new technique which evaluates the platelet shape change. --Plate shape change, expressed as % light transmission variation induced by the addition of ADP (10 mumol/l) in calcium-deprived platelet rich plasma, was determined. Significant differences were found between the controls (12.6 +/- 0.7%) and the 35 diabetics (15.6 +/- 1.0%, p less than 0.02) and between controls and the subgroup of patients with proliferative retinopathy (17.3 +/- 1.1%, n = 15, p less than 0.001). Platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen and ristocetin did not show significant differences between normal and diabetic subjects. --The shape change is the physiological early phase of platelet aggregation and is related to energy requiring mechanisms. As yet unexplored metabolic abnormalities at this stage could account for previously described platelet abnormalities in diabetes. PMID- 7372028 TI - Malignant microangiopathy. PMID- 7372027 TI - The effect of acute hyperglycaemia on the retinal circulation of the normal cat. AB - The retinal microcirculation of anaesthetised normal cats was studied during hyperglycaemia (15 to 55 mmol/l) induced by intravenous infusion of glucose, using high speed cine fluorescence angiography. Saline (0.150 mmol/l) was infused as a control for the volume effect of glucose solution and equiosmolar mannitol was infused as a control for the osmotic effect. The mean retinal arteriolar inflow rate increased from 34 +/- 1 mm/sec to 41 +/- 4 mm/sec during glucose infusion, and from 46 +/- 1 mm/sec to 56 +/- 3 mm/sec during mannitol infusion. The blood pressure similarly increased from 105 +/- 5 mmHg to 125 +/- 2 mmHg during glucose infusion and from 110 +/- 7 mmHg to 129 +/- 1 mmHg during mannitol infusion. During mannitol infusion the increased inflow was accompanied by a reduction in the arteriolar width so that the volume flow remained unchanged. During glucose infusion this constriction did not occur, resulting in a significantly increased volume of retinal blood flow (9 +/- 1 microliter/min to 12 +/- 1 microliter/min). PMID- 7372029 TI - [Technology and theory, tools and instruments]. PMID- 7372030 TI - [The right ventricular infarction. Haemodynamic aspects and clinical implications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7372031 TI - [The hemodynamic effects of nifedipine in congestive cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors present the haemodynamic effects of nifedipina (Adalat-Bayer) in nine patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. Heart rate (HR), systemic vascular resistances (SVR) and mean aortic blood pressure (MABP) were significantly modified in all nine patients following the administration of the drug. Six of them showed an increase of cardiac index (CI) and a decrease of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2); three of them presented a decrease of CI and an increase of MVO2. This discrepancy can be due to the different percentage of increase and to the maximal of valves of HR in the two groups. Nifedipina can be useful in the treatment of congestive cardiomyopathy with elevated STR (afterload) and peripheral hypoperfusion (more than pulmonary congestion). PMID- 7372032 TI - [Correlations between angiocardiography and changes of R wave amplitude during effort in patients with coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors studied correlations between angiocardiography and changes of R wave amplitude (delta R) during effort in 113 patients. They showed coronarographic evidence: 69 with stenosis greater than or equal to 70% of at least one major coronary vessel and 44 with no significant lesions. delta R values greater or equal than 0 were considered as pathologic. delta R appeared greater than or equal to 0 in 8 of 14 patients (57%) with single stenosis, 4 (28%) with abnormal wall motion (AWM). delta R increase or unchanged in 26 of 31 (84%) patients with double stenoses, 25 of them (81%) with AWM. delta R was greater than or equal to 0 in 22 of 24 (92%) with triple stenoses. In subjects with milk coronary artery disease (CAD) R wave increased or unchanged in 47% (19/44). Pathologic changes of R wave are highly frequent in CAD patients, especially in those with severe impairment. These changes, however, are not specific or costant because they appeared enough frequently in subjects with normal doronary vessels, and, moreover, R wave may decrease also in CAD patients with severe impairment. The Authors consider that evidence of delta R values greater than or equal to 0 may not be considered as a sign of CAD, but it must be evaluated with the other data showed by ergometric tests. PMID- 7372033 TI - [The significance of hypotension developing during effort test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7372034 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of mitral stenosis: significance of Pc-To/Ac-Mo ratio (author's transl)]. AB - The echocardiographic tracings of 40 subjects with pure or prevalent mitral stenosis are obtained. The modification of the isovolumetric relaxation time of the right (Pc-To) and the left (Ac-Mo) ventricle, measured from echocardiographic tracings, versus the values of systolic (PSP cat.) and wedge (PVCP cat.) pulmonary pressure are studied in 15 sinusal rhythm patients who underwent cardiac catheterization. The variations of Pc-To versus Ac-Mo and of Pc-To/Ac-Mo ratio versus the most important indices of mitral stenosis and right ventricular performance evaluation are studied in all the patients. Good correlation has been found between Pc-To and Ac-Mo ratio and PSP, PVCP, E-F, Wells index, Yigitbasi index, RICT/RVET, RPEP/RVET, mitral surface; poor correlation has been found between Pc-To/Ac-Mo ratio and left atrial dimension and stroke volume, while no significant correlation has been found between this ratio and the ejection fraction, V cf, delta S%. For values of Pc-To/Ac-Mo ratio less than 1.20, 1.20 greater than and less than 1,50, greater than 1.50 the stenosis has been considered, respectively, mild, moderate and severe. The Pc-To/Ac-Mo ratio, obtained from echocardiographic tracings, is considered a useful index in the evaluation of the severity of the stenosis and of the pulmonary pressure variations in the presence of mitral stenosis. PMID- 7372035 TI - [Thromboembolism in dilative primary myocardiopathies]. AB - A clinicopathologic correlation has been carried out in 26 autopsy cases of congestive cardiomyopathy, in order to establish the incidence and site of mural thrombosis and pulmonary and systemic embolism, and to evaluate the embolization in the natural history of the disease. Mural thombosis was observed in 15 on 26 cases (58%). 11 on 25 patients (42%) showed features of recent thromboembolism. In 2 of the latter, embolism occurred as a consequence of atrial fibrillation. Most of the embolic phenomena had not been recognized on the clinical ground. Thromboembolism represented the first symptom of the disease as well as a complication or the fatal event. PMID- 7372037 TI - [Post-traumatic tricuspid insufficiency. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic study of one case (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a patient, aged 63, with isolated post-traumatic tricuspid insufficiency is described. In this patient the correct diagnosis was made immediately after a non penetrating chest trauma. Physical examination, electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, chest roentgenogram, hemodynamic and angiocardiographic investigations are reported. The usefulness of echocardiographic examination is emphasized and a comparison with the fail valve syndrome of the mitral valve is made. According to previous reports no immediate surgery was considered and the patient is still under follow up. PMID- 7372036 TI - [Risk factor changes in four years in the Rome Project of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention (PPCC) (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. AB - The Rome Project of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention (PPCC) is a primary multifactorial preventive trial of CHD representing the Italian section of the WHO European Multifactor Preventive Trial of CHD. It operates on 6,000 men aged 40--59 at entry enrolled in occupational groups and randomly divided into treated and controls. The intervention, directed to modify the levels of some risk factors is individually-oriented in subjects belonging to the upper 30% of a risk score computed in the treatment groups, is based on mass health education in the remaining 70% of treatment groups, while no treatment is provided by the Research Group to the controls. Four years after the start of the trial, the levels out of certain risk factors considered in this analysis (body weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol) showed, in the treatment groups, a significant decreasing trend as compared to those observed in control groups, both considering the subgroup at relatively high risk and the random one representing the whole populations. Daily cigarette consumption significantly decreased in high risk subgroups but none in random ones, while serum triglycerides did not decrease in either subgroups. The estimated theoretical risk of CHD in five years computed by multiple logistic function showed a 39% net reduction in treatment high risk subgroups and a 31% net reduction in the whole treatment populations. PMID- 7372039 TI - [Sexual activity after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7372038 TI - [Severe cardiopathies of childhood. Diagnosis, early treatment and remote sequelae]. AB - Long term follow-up data on 43 infants with life threatening cardiovascular anomalies treated at the University of Kansas Medical Center are presented. Our long term survival for the group has been 63% and palliative or corrective surgery was necessary in 67% of the cases. The importance of early diagnosis and the role played by surgery in the management of this group of cardiac anomalies have been emphasized. PMID- 7372040 TI - [Coronary spasm during coronary arteriography. Classification and interpretative criteria]. AB - Coronary spasm during selective coronary angiography have multiple explanation. In some instances there is no true pathological implication (catether induced spasm), in other instances, instead, a clear relationship with "functional" angina and myocardial infarction exists. Moreover, in few occasions may only be a false positive radiologic image (apparent spasm). The angiographic features of coronary spasm, however, are always the same, indipendently from its clinical significance and pathophysiologic mechanism. In this paper the Authors are not limiting their experience to the morphologic description of this event, rather describe the clinical criteria which, together with angiographic picture, may be useful in the interpretation of the physiopathology of the coronary artery spasm. PMID- 7372041 TI - [Coronary arteriography. Review of 1000 consecutive personal cases]. AB - One thousand coronary arteriography performed in the catheterization laboratory of the Department of Cardiology (University of Padua) from 1973 to 1978 were reviewed. Indication to perform a coronary arteriography was established in 668 patients with clinically suspected coronary artery disease and in 332 patients affected by different heart disease in whom the study of coronary arteries was judged to be usefull. The percutaneous technique was usually employed. The overall mortality rate was 0.2%; there were no death in the last three years. The overall morbility was 3.5% (2.3 from 1976 to 1978). The anterior descending artery appeared to be the most frequently and precociously affected area. There was a good correlation between severity of the atherosclerotic lesions and age or sex of the patients. We could recognize coronary disease, when present, on the basis of clinical evaluation in patients without different heart disease. PMID- 7372042 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal dilation by catheter of coronary - artery stenosis (author's transl)]. AB - Since September 1977 until July 1979, 82 patients with various coronary lesions have undergone percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). By this technic, a catheter system is introduced through a systemic artery under local anesthesia to dilate a stenotic artery by controlled inflation. In 60 patients (73%) anatomical and hemodynamic success could be noted, which led to improvement in clinical parameters e.g. reduction of coronary narrowing of the transluminal diameter from a mean of 82 +/- 11% to 34 +/- 16% (p less than 0.001) and reduction of trans-stenotic coronary gradient from 56 +/- 15 to 19 +/- 12 mmHg (p less than 0.001). Nine patients, three of whom had signs of transmural myocardial infarction on the ECG had undergone emergency surgery for a coronary by-pass, this been due to the deterioration of clinical condition after the attempt to carry out coronary angioplasty. 42 out of 60 treated patients had at least one late control. 33 showed an improvement in cardiac efficiency campared with the pre-dilatation period. Patients with uncalcified single-vessel stenosis, less than 1 cm in length and a short history of pain appear to be most suitable for the procedure. More cases and follow-up datas are necessary to evaluate the efficiency of this new technic as compared with current medical and surgical treatments of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7372043 TI - [Sinus arrhythmia: quantitative evaluation and possible use in the diagnosis of sick sinus syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - This research was done in order to quantify the sinus arrhythmia and to determine any possible quantitative difference between normal subjects and patients with Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS). The ECG of 200 normal subjects and 30 patients with SSS diagnosed with electrophysiologic evaluation have been studied. 50 consecutive PP intervals have been measured in each ECG, and the average and standard deviation (SD) were calculated. The variableness of the sinus cycle was expressed by the Sinus Arrhythmia Index (SAI), obtained by the ratio between the SD and the average length of the cycle. It was observed that in normal subjects the SAI decreases with aging, and its value is not related to the heart rate. The SAI was significantly higher in the patients with SSS than in the normal ones. Since a sinus arrhythmia of high degree may be observed in the SSS, the quantitative evaluation of this arrhythmia, obtained by the index we proposed, may be useful to the detection of this syndrome. PMID- 7372044 TI - [A functional evaluation of atrio- and intraventricular conduction in patients with sick sinus syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7372045 TI - [The reliability of Narula's technique for the evaluation of sino-atrial conduction time. Comparison with Strauss' technique and proposal of a new equation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7372046 TI - [Analysis of the variability of arterial pressure in patients with labile and stable hypertension and changes induced with atenolol]. AB - Blood pressure variability was studied in 8 "labile" and in 8 "established" hypertensive patients by means of continuous unrestricted blood pressure recording for 24 hours. In 7 of the former and 5 of the latter the effect of atenolol (200 mg/day) was also investigated. Blood pressure variability as judged by circadian rhythm, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, indexes of skewness and kurtosis was similar in the two groups. The only significant difference consisted in the mean arterial pressure which was higher in the established than in the labile hypertensives. Atenolol produced in all subjects a fall in blood pressure but no significant changes in the standard deviation, coefficient of variation and index of skewness. On the contrary the index of kurtosis significantly increased suggesting a more stable blood pressure after treatment. PMID- 7372047 TI - [The pulmonary artery hypertension in patients with sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. AB - Svanborg (1961) found normal pulmonary artery mean pressures in eleven patients with stage II sarcoidosis. By contrast Gluskowski et al. (1978) have shown few abnormally high values in the same condition. We have not found published haemodynamic data concerning stage O sarcoidosis. Thus we have performed right haemodynamic study (by Swan-Ganz catheters) on 19 patients with hystologically proven sarcoidosis (8 stage III, 6 stage II, 3 stage I and 2 stage 0). 13 of them underwent also haemodynamic study during exercise (1watt/Kg). Pulmonary artery hypertension (at rest or after exercise) was frequently found in stage III, and less frequently in stage II. In stage I pulmonary artery mean pressure was between 15 and 20 mmHg in three patients (out of three). In one case (out of two) in stage 0 (admitted to hospital owing to exertional dyspnoea) right heart catheterisation showed pulmonary hypertension during exercise in spite of normal pulmonary function tests (including spirometry, DLCO, pulmonary scintigrafic and X-ray pattern also using 3X magnification radiology). PMID- 7372048 TI - [Genesis of 5th sound. A comparative phonomechanographic and echographic study (author's transl)]. AB - 846 children between the ages of 6 and 12 were examined by phonocardiogram. The 5th sound was noted in 30.8% of the subjects examined. It appeared as a single or double vibration of approximately 65 msec from the third sound and corresponds to a small wave "H" of apexcardiogram at approximately 50 msec from the end of "E" wave. From the comparative poligraphic and echocardiographic study, the 5th sound corresponds to one or more added waves (G and G1) between point F and point A of the echogram of the anterior mitral leaflet; they are in exact chronological correspondence with the "H" wave of the APG. The 5th sound is evident and also the added waves of the anterior mitral leaflet (G, g1) when the frequency of the heart is slow. When the frequency increase, the 5th sound blends with the 3rd that appears prolonged and G, G1 waves become a single wave until its disappearents. PMID- 7372049 TI - [Juvenile hypertension. Epidemiological study of 1500 children between 6 and 15 years of age]. AB - We have measured the blood pressure to 1500 children aged between 6 and 14 years by sphingomanometric method, using various cuffs according to the recommendations of the A.H.A. Systolic and diastolic pressure was taken and the average value and standard deviations were calculated for each age. On the ground of the values equal or higher than 97 degrees percentil was the presence of 99 subjects afflicted with not secondary hypertension. We noticed that blood pressure increases with the age, is independent of sex, but bears relationship to the presence of obesity (out of 72 obese subjects, 25 were afflicted with hypertension), of menarca (17 hypertensive menstruated out of 27) and of family hypertension (31 hypertensive parents out of 41 examined). Neither relation was found between children's hypertension and socio-economical level nor between hypertension and presence of pathological proteinuria. PMID- 7372050 TI - [Quantitative angiocardiography of the complete atrioventricular canal]. AB - 23 patients with common atrioventricular canal were studied, seven with associated pulmonary stenosis, using methods of quantitative angiocardiographie (ventricular volume, ejection fraction, wall motion, Emas as an index of contractility). Left and right ventricular end-diastolic volume is increased and related to the Qp/Qs ratio. Pulmonary stenosis has limitant effect on end diastolic volume, likely by variations of right ventricular compliance. Ejection fraction tended to normal values or is lightly reduced, but the study of wall motion demonstrated a severe hypokinesis of diaphraguscolar septum and of the diaphragmatic region; also the contractility is depressed. Finally were reported some observations about the haemodynamics behaviour of the common atrioventricular canal in the early post-surgical stage. PMID- 7372051 TI - [The optimal time for surgical correction of coarctation of the arota (author's transl)]. AB - A survey of the literature on coren. Operative mortality was reduced from 39% (1960 through 1970) to 26% (1971 through 1978). It was higher in patients operated on during the first three months of life and in those with associated cardiac lesions. The incidence rate of restenosis has diminished from 27% to 4% by using the aortoplasty with a subclavian flap. Since the natural and the "innatural" history emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for patients with coarctation of the aorta, these recent results suggest that the optimal time for elective surgical correction is around the age of one year, and that the subclavian flap procedure is the technique of choice at this age. PMID- 7372052 TI - [Anatomical corrected malposition. Report of two new cases (author's transl)]. AB - Two new cases of anatomically corrected malposition of great arteries (A-V concordance or discordance; V-GA concordance; subaortic conus) are reported. One of these has been studied from the autoptic specimen and is in situs solitus with A-V concordance (SDL), which is the most common form of such alteration. The second case, studied by angiography, is in situs inversus with A-V concordance (ILD). This form has been described only once in the literature, but some Authors still consider it "possible" such an anormally rather than reported as yet. Finally the anomalies most frequently associated to the MACGA and the possible morphogenesis are valuated. PMID- 7372053 TI - [Classification and clinical significance of anomalies of the coronary arterial system]. PMID- 7372054 TI - [Radiofrequency stimulation in the treatment of brady-tachycardia syndrome]. PMID- 7372055 TI - [Effect of penicillamin on rat intestinal mucosa. Histological findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7372056 TI - [Mesenteric fibromatosis in Gardner's syndrome: study of a case causing death in a young man, and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7372058 TI - Hepatic transaminase activity in alocholic liver disease. AB - Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity were measured in precutaneous needle biopsy specimens of human liver tissue and compared with transaminase values in serum obtained on the day of biopsy. Hepatic GPT activity was significantly decreased in liver tissue of patients with alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis compared with the activity in individuals with normal livers (P less than 0.05) and individuals with primary biliary cirrhosis (P less than 0.05). The decreased hepatic GPT activity was not related to the presence of cirrhosis in biopsy specimens and was not increased by the addition of saturating amounts of pyridoxal phosphate to the assay mixture. Hepatic GOT was also slightly but significantly lowered in individuals with alcoholic liver disease (P less than 0.05). The GOT/GPT ratio in serum and liver tissue was increased only in individuals with alcoholic liver disease, but the increase did not reach statistical significance. The increased GOT/GPT ratio is due primarily to the low activity of GPT in liver and serum. The less than expected elevation of GPT in serum of patients with alcoholic hepatic reflects the diminished hepatic GPT activity and lesser amounts of this enzyme available to leak into serum from damaged hepatocytes. PMID- 7372057 TI - [Intestinal lymphangiectasia associated with fibrosis of mesenteric nodes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7372059 TI - Hepatotoxic effect of bile acids in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Lithocholate, a secondary bile acid, is hepatotoxic in many animal species including nonhuman primates. The induced histologic changes resemble those observed in patients with hepatic damage associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Accordingly, we have examined the hypothesis that lithocholate is of etiologic importance in causing this association by measuring serum and biliary lithocholates in inflammatory bowel disease patients with and without liver disease. Serum and biliary lithocholates and isolithocholates were normal in all patients. Because defective sulfation in the nonhuman primate which allows lithocholate to accumulate in the enterohepatic circulation is thought to be responsible for inducing liver damage and because secondary bile acids are reduced after colectomy and in established liver disease, we examined thae capacity of all patients to sulfate labeled lithocholate. Effective sulfation of lithocholate was demstrated in all groups. Despite the hepatotoxic effects observed in nonhuman primates, we have found no evidence so far to implicate lithocholate as an etiologic factor in inflammatory bowel disease and hepatic dysfunction nor have we detected other potentially hepatotoxic bile acids in these patients. PMID- 7372061 TI - Effect of high and low doses of ursodeoxycholic acid on gallstone dissolution in humans. PMID- 7372060 TI - Mechanism of cholic acid protection in lithocholate-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats. PMID- 7372062 TI - A tracer method for measuring rate of urea synthesis in normal and cirrhotic subjects. PMID- 7372063 TI - Acute and chronic splanchnic blood flow responses to portacaval shunt in the normal dog. AB - Portacaval shunt increases hepatic arterial blood flow, and the magnitude of this response is important clinically. To document persistence of this hyperemia we measured splanchnic regional blood flow by the microsphere technique before and after end-to-side portacaval shunt in dogs. The immediate postshunt increase in hepatic arterial blood flow returned to control 3 wk later, replaced by increases in pancreatic, duodenal, and jejunal blood flow. Any hypothesis for the compensatory relationship between hepatic arterial and portal venous blood flows needs to encompass these results. PMID- 7372064 TI - Normal lower esophageal sphincter pressure: a comparison of rapid vs. slow pull through techniques. PMID- 7372065 TI - HLA antigens in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in Israel. AB - The frequency of HLA antigens was studied in 60 Israeli Jewish patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and in 18 with Crohn's disease (CD), and it was compared to that in healthy, ethnically-matched controls. From this study it would appear that HLA-BW 35 is highly associated with UC in Israeli Jewish patients and that HLA-AW 24 is present at a high frequency in the "early onset" group and also in the group with "severe" disease, which was composed mainly of female patients. In the CD group, the frequency of the HLA antigens did not differ significantly from that in the control group. PMID- 7372066 TI - Effect of sham feeding on gastric emptying. AB - We studied the effect of vagal stimulation by sham feeding on gastric emptying in normal human subjects. When a saline test meal was infused into the stomach, simultaneous sham feeding did not alter the emptying of a nonabsorbable marker added to the meal or the volume of fluid emptied from the stomach. When a homogenized steak meal was infused, sham feeding caused a slight acceleration of emptying (47 +/- 2 vs. 53 +/- 2% marker recovered from the stomach 45 min after the meal, P less than 0.05). Gastric acid secretion in response to both meals was significantly augmented by sham feeding. Our results suggest that vagal stimulation by sham feeding has no effect on the emptying of isotonic saline and only a monor effect on gastric emptying of homogenized food in humans. PMID- 7372067 TI - Intragastric duodenal lipids in the absence of a pyloric sphincter: quantitation, physical state, and injurious potential in the fasting and postprandial states. PMID- 7372068 TI - Effect of nicotine on the morphology of the rat gastric mucosa. AB - The effect of oral nicotine dosage on the morphology of the rat gastric mucosa was studied. Cell populations, neck cell mucus volume fraction, and mucosal area and depth were measured, and differences in mean values for each group were tested for statistical significance. It was found that the equivalent of approximately 10 times the normal daily intake of nicotine achieved by human smoking is related to a significant decrease in total mucus neck cell population, neck cell mucus volume fraction and mucosal depth and to an increase in mucosal surface area. The nicotine doses caused no significant changes in the parietal or chief cell populations, body weight, or water consumption. PMID- 7372069 TI - Bismuth subsalicylate therapy of viral gastroenteritis. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of bismuth subsalicylate was examined in a randomized double-blind fashion in 59 volunteers who were inoculated with Norwalk agent. Sixty-eight percent of the volunteers demonstrated seroconversion; 57% became ill. The severity and duration of the illness in 32 volunteers in the treatment and placebo groups were compared. Significant reduction in the severity and duration of abdominal cramps (P less than 0.01) and in the median duration of GI symptoms (P less than 0.05) was noted in the treatment group. There was no difference in the number, weight, or water content of stools, or in the rate of viral excretion between the two groups. The median duration of illness was 20 hr in the treatment group and 27 hr in the placebo group (0.1 greater than P greater than 0.05). PMID- 7372070 TI - Serum lipids and fecal steroids in patients with celiac disease: effects of gluten-free diet and cholestyramine. PMID- 7372071 TI - Human colonic electrical control activity (ECA). PMID- 7372072 TI - Effects of norepinephrine, vasopressin, isoproterenol, and histamine on blood flow, oxygen uptake, and capillary filtration coefficient in the colon of the anesthetized dog. AB - Segments of colon were denervated, vascularly isolated, and autoperfused at normal arterial pressure in the anesthetized dog. Norepinephrine, vasopressin, isoproterenol, and histamine were infused i.a. in graded doses. Norepinephrine and vasopressin reduced colonic blood flow and increased the arteriovenous oxygen difference; oxygen uptake by the colon fell, and the capillary filtration coefficient (Kf,c) was reduced. Isoproterenol and histamine increased colonic blood flow and reduced the arteriovenous oxygen difference; oxygen uptake by the colon did not change significantly. The Kf,c increased with isoproterenol, but changes due to histamine were more variable. Vasoconstrictor drugs tend to reduce, and vasodilators tend to increase oxygen uptake by the colon; the effects of altered blood flow are, however, alleviated by changes in colonic oxygen extraction, such that moderate drug-induced changes in blood flow (-25 to +50%) are not associated with appreciable (less than or approximately 10%) changes in oxygen uptake. PMID- 7372073 TI - Hereditary generalized juvenile polyposis associated with pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. AB - A 28-yr-old mother and her 10-year-old daughter with generalized juvenile gastrointestinal polypsis, arteriovenous (AV) malformations of the lung and severe digital clubbing are described. The AV malformations were documented by pulmonary angiography in both subjects, and generalized juvenile polyposis was confirmed histologically and radiographically. Since pulmonary AV malformations associated with juvenile polyposis has not been previously reported, a new hereditary syndrome is proposed. PMID- 7372074 TI - Bacitracin treatment of antibiotic-associated colitis and diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile toxin. AB - Four cases of antibiotic-associated colitis and diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile were successfully treated with oral bacitracin, 25,000 units four times daily for 7-10 days. Diarrhea resolved in all of the cases, in 2 days, with disappearance of Clostridium difficile toxin in the stools in 3 out of 4 patients so measured. Two of the patients treated had relapses after vancomycin, while the other 2 were experiencing the first episodes. One patient relapsed after bacitracin treatment, but was treated successfully with vancomycin. Our preliminary experience indicates that bacitracin, being less expensive and more readily available world-wide than vancomycin, could be used as an alternative drug for toxin-induced colitis or diarrhea. PMID- 7372075 TI - Management of liver failure in a patient following jejunoileal bypass. PMID- 7372076 TI - Giardiasis and traveler's diarrhea. PMID- 7372077 TI - HLA and disease: a postulated role for HLA in gastrointestinal diseases. PMID- 7372078 TI - Cancer risk in ulcerative colitis: scientific requirements for the study of prognosis. PMID- 7372079 TI - Anorexia and the adolescent. PMID- 7372080 TI - Developmental pattern bile acid metabolism. PMID- 7372082 TI - Bile acid tolerance tests: rationale. PMID- 7372081 TI - Liver biopsy in asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg. PMID- 7372083 TI - One or two hours of peak acid output. PMID- 7372084 TI - Role of glutathione in the protective effect of hypothyroidism against chemically induced hepatic injury: new or old associations? PMID- 7372085 TI - Measurement of acid secretion by Tc-scan. PMID- 7372086 TI - Nonglycoprotein "cores" in gastric mucous granules. PMID- 7372087 TI - Is return of peristalsis in treated achalasia patients a real change in motility disorder? PMID- 7372088 TI - Transcobalamin and inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 7372089 TI - Bromocriptine for chronic portal systemic encephalopathy. PMID- 7372090 TI - Liver specific protein--how specific? PMID- 7372092 TI - Adaptive hormone changes in harp seals, Phoca groenlandica, and gray seals, Halichoerus grypus, during the postnatal period. PMID- 7372093 TI - The determination of cortisol in fish plasma by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7372091 TI - The effect of ambient calcium on prolactin cell activity and plasma electrolytes in Sarotherodon mossambicus (Tilapia mossambica). PMID- 7372094 TI - Responses of two different types of pituitary gonadotrophs of the loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, to gonadectomy and to exogenous sex steroids. PMID- 7372096 TI - Properties of an iodinating enzyme in the ascidian endostyle. PMID- 7372095 TI - Studies on iodoproteins and thyroid hormones in ascidians. PMID- 7372097 TI - Periovulatory changes in serum cortisol levels in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. PMID- 7372098 TI - Studies on the effects of in vitro ageing on saturable and nonsaturable sugar uptake in cultured human skin fibroblasts. AB - The Vmax for saturable (i.e. 2-deoxy-D-glucose) sugar transport in cultured human fibroblasts was found to increase with in vitro ageing when the results were expressed per 10(6) cells. No age-related changes were observed in the Km for 2 deoxy-D-glucose transport or in nonsaturable (i.e. L-glucose) sugar uptake. PMID- 7372099 TI - Chronic lathyrism and atheromatosis in the rat. Protective effect of metformin. AB - Chronic administration of beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate (BAPN) (1 g/kg/day for 9 weeks) produced morphological changes of the aorta wall and in dermis, and biochemical changes of the aortic wall in the rat. Chronic administration of BAPN did not produce plasma lipid abnormalities such as those due to hyperlipidic diet. 9 weeks of BAPN followed by 10 months of a hyperlipidic diet increased the aortic cholesterol level and induced atheroma. The diet alone only produced an endothelial lipid overload and increased the aortic cholesterol level but less than BAPN and hyperlipidic diet together. Addition of metformin to BAPN prevented the formation of atheromatous lesions in the aorta and minimized the level of lipids in the aortic wall and of the dermis. PMID- 7372100 TI - Age-related biochemical changes in human Descemet's membrane. AB - The effect of age on the compositional analysis of human Descemet's membrane was examined. Membranes were obtained from human corneas ranging from 0.5 to 95 years and purified by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) extraction. Substantial age-related changes were obtained in the amino acid compositions of the SDS-insoluble basement membranes. These results suggested that compositonal changes occur during the aging process, which appeared to reflect an alteration in the subunit make-up of the basement membrane. PMID- 7372101 TI - Testosterone and testosterone precursors in the spermatic vein and in the testicular tissue of old men. Reduced oxygen supply may explain the relative increase of testicular progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone content and production in old age. AB - Testosterone and the testosterone precursors pregnenolone, progesterone, 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, androstenedione, androstenediol and dehydroepiandrosterone were measured in the spermatic vein plasma and in the testicular tissue of young and old men. Testosterone and its precursors decreased in the testicular tissue of old men. However, progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone increased in relation to testosterone in the testicular tissue and in the spermatic vein of old men. It is assumed that these age-dependent changes are caused by an impaired oxygen supply of the ageing testes. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that the same changes in steroid pattern seen in old age can be observed under reduced oxygen supply in in vitro incubation experiments with testicular tissue. PMID- 7372102 TI - [Effect of different levels of atmospheric pollution by emissions from petrochemical enterprises on the state of respiratory function in children]. PMID- 7372103 TI - [Sanitary-microbiologic evaluation of the distillation method of desalinizing water]. PMID- 7372104 TI - [Pollution of soil water when chlorocholine chloride is used in agriculture]. PMID- 7372106 TI - [Biological action and hygienic regulation of equivalent intermittent noises]. PMID- 7372107 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of acetate fabric dyed with technical grade gossypol]. PMID- 7372105 TI - [Hygienic basis for the maximum allowable concentration of diphenylnitrosamine and nitroguanidine in reservoir water]. PMID- 7372108 TI - [Changes in the enzyme systems of different sites on exposure to certain chemical substances]. PMID- 7372109 TI - [Significance of the ecologic properties of indicator microbes]. PMID- 7372111 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of training conditions for adolescents mastering the basic trades at a secondary metallurgical training school]. PMID- 7372110 TI - [Improving the quality of education of physicians specializing in preventive medicine]. PMID- 7372113 TI - [Force characteristics during handwriting movements as a test of the functional state of the central nervous system]. PMID- 7372112 TI - [Effect of the exposure regimen on the development of chronic poisoning with the methyl ester of acrylic and methacrylic acids]. PMID- 7372114 TI - [Method of spectral analysis of the heart rate and its application to the examination of schoolchildren]. PMID- 7372115 TI - [Methodologic approaches to evaluating the use of synthetic detergents in the home]. PMID- 7372117 TI - [Method of determining aldehydes in soil]. PMID- 7372116 TI - [Evaluation of the functional state of the body by testing the quality of regulatory functions]. PMID- 7372118 TI - [Experience in using EC type computers to study the morphofunctional indices of a population]. PMID- 7372119 TI - [Chlorination of water containing organic substances]. PMID- 7372120 TI - [Complex approach to setting hygienic standards for hazardous substances]. PMID- 7372121 TI - [Chief tasks and ways of resolving them in hygienic evaluation of the complex action of chemical compounds]. PMID- 7372123 TI - [Chemical and bacterial air pollution of hospital wards with different types of ventilation]. PMID- 7372124 TI - [Chlorophos migration under natural conditions]. PMID- 7372122 TI - [Sanitary-hygienic evaluation of the water intake of the Bug water supply line with artificial replenishment of underground waters]. PMID- 7372125 TI - [Experience in conducting sanitary supervision for soil protection in relation to the use of chemicals in agriculture]. PMID- 7372126 TI - [Ability of Sakskii Lake brine and mud to purify itself of organochlorine pesticides]. PMID- 7372127 TI - [Relationship between certain hygienic problems and environmental pollution by biological factors]. PMID- 7372128 TI - [Concentration of group B vitamins in the blood and urine of persons exposed to extra ultraviolet radiation]. PMID- 7372129 TI - [Distribution of mercury and silver in the body]. PMID- 7372130 TI - [Hygienic standards for the fungicides anilat and vitavax in the water of reservoirs]. PMID- 7372131 TI - [Indoor air pollution by filters for purifying air of dust]. PMID- 7372132 TI - [Social-hygienic evaluation of modern housing]. PMID- 7372134 TI - [Sanitary-helminthologic study of environmental objects]. PMID- 7372133 TI - [Experience in using farm-household sewage in agricultural irrigation fields]. PMID- 7372135 TI - [Mutagenic effect of a binary mixture of the pesticides chlorophos and zineb]. PMID- 7372136 TI - [Relationship between noise load and hearing sensitivity]. PMID- 7372137 TI - [Biological effect of ethylene chlorohydrin as an atmospheric pollutant]. PMID- 7372138 TI - [Research tasks in industrial hygiene in the districts of Siberia and the Far East]. PMID- 7372140 TI - [Detection of an antigen in the lungs common to the thyroid gland, thymus and brain and its autoantigenicity in lung pathology]. PMID- 7372139 TI - [Role of resonance of the external auditory canal in the occurrence of cochleoneural hearing loss of occupational origin]. PMID- 7372141 TI - [Significance of carbon monoxide in the formation of the toxic effect of multicomponent gas-air mixtures]. PMID- 7372142 TI - [Physiological and hygienic assessment of the work of women in plywood manufacture]. PMID- 7372143 TI - [Content of hexavalent chromium in the biological substrates of pregnant women and puerperae engaged in the manufacture of chromium compounds]. PMID- 7372144 TI - [Tendon reflex latency as an index of fatigue and of the load on the neuromuscular apparatus of the hands of workers]. PMID- 7372146 TI - [Toxicological and hygienic evaluation of dinitronaphthalene manufacture]. PMID- 7372145 TI - [Significance of blood lipid and electrolyte disturbances in the development of reactions to microwave exposure]. PMID- 7372148 TI - [Verification of the validity of the existing MPEL for chlorine in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7372147 TI - [Prediction of the degree of toxicity and computations of the hygienic norms (MPEL) for cadmium compositions based on their electron configuration structure]. PMID- 7372149 TI - [X-ray dosimetric method of determining the relative density of bone tissue]. PMID- 7372150 TI - [Clinical morphological study of the action of isopropanolamines on the eyes]. PMID- 7372151 TI - [Changes in the oxyproline content in the blood and urine in patients with various forms of the course of pulmonary dust diseases]. PMID- 7372152 TI - [Separate determination of ethylene glycol and methacrylic acid in the air by a thin-layer chromatographic method]. PMID- 7372153 TI - [Photometric determination of nonionogenic surface-active substances in the air]. PMID- 7372154 TI - [Metabolic capacity of human placenta with regard to carbohydrate metabolism under the effect of orciprenaline and papaverine under experimental conditions]. PMID- 7372155 TI - [Localization of the placenta in the third trimester pregnancy with the use of gamma-camera and indium radioisotope In-113m]. PMID- 7372156 TI - [Ultrasonography as a safe method for diagnosis of cervix incompetence in pregnancy]. PMID- 7372157 TI - [Fertility after surgical treatment of uterine leiomyomas]. PMID- 7372158 TI - [Results of treatment of various pathological changes of the uterine cervix by means of low temperatures]. PMID- 7372160 TI - [Psychosomatic development of a 6-year-old child whose birth weight was 450 grams]. PMID- 7372161 TI - [Giant leiomyoma of the lower segment of the uterus complicating labor in term pregnancy]. PMID- 7372159 TI - [State of the genital organs of women working in the garment industry]. PMID- 7372163 TI - [Adenine nucleotides, coenzymes and indirect glucose metabolites in the erythrocytes of newborn infants. I. Newborn infants of healthy mothers]. PMID- 7372162 TI - [Case of Siamese twins--thoracopagus]. PMID- 7372164 TI - [Correction of the cerebral disorders during open-heart operations under moderate hypothermia]. PMID- 7372165 TI - [Journal, Grudnaia khirurgiia, and the development of the surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7372167 TI - [Pathophysiological changes in closed chest injuries]. PMID- 7372166 TI - [Problem of pleural surgery in the journal, Grudnaia khirurgiia]. PMID- 7372169 TI - [Simplified method of obtaining the bronchial contents during bronchoscopy]. PMID- 7372170 TI - [Method of x-ray endoscopic puncture biopsy of the mediastinal lymph nodes]. PMID- 7372168 TI - [Functional state of the bronchial tree in bronchiectasis (based on cinebronchiography data)]. PMID- 7372171 TI - [Differential diagnosis of diffuse pleural mesotheliomas]. PMID- 7372175 TI - [Determination of adequate preload in the post-perfusion period in patients operated on for acquired heart defects conditions of under extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 7372172 TI - [Surgical treatment of cancer of the subaortic segment of the esophagus]. PMID- 7372173 TI - [Case of tetralogy of Fallot combined with anomalous drainage of the pulmonary veins]. PMID- 7372174 TI - [Rare case of a large tumor of the anterior mediastinum]. PMID- 7372176 TI - [Fistulas between the coronary arteries and cardiac cavities]. PMID- 7372177 TI - [Surgical technic in thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 7372178 TI - [Correction of heart defects under conditons of artificial circulation without using donors' blood]. PMID- 7372180 TI - [Empyema after lung resection in children]. PMID- 7372179 TI - [Indications for transpericardial operations on the main bronchi and pulmonary vessels, and their results]. PMID- 7372181 TI - [Treatment and clinical outcome in acute lung abscesses in patients of a thoracic disease department]. PMID- 7372182 TI - [Bronchial artery embolization and antibiotic therapy in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7372184 TI - [Ultrasonic sternotomy in pulmonary surgery]. PMID- 7372186 TI - Modified pelvic vascular bed isolation chemotherapy: theoretical basis, surgical procedure, and two clinical case reports. PMID- 7372183 TI - [Urgent problems of acute destructive pneumonia in children]. PMID- 7372185 TI - [Diagnostic value of radioisotope methods in multiple and combined echinococcosis of the lungs and liver]. PMID- 7372187 TI - Extended field irradiation for cervical cancer based on surgical staging. PMID- 7372188 TI - Ultrastructural features of endometrial atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinomas and the plasma level of estrogens. PMID- 7372190 TI - Nonresectable recurrent pelvic neoplasm. Outcome in patients explored for pelvic exenteration. PMID- 7372189 TI - Adriamycin and hydroxyurea as radiopotentiators in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix implanted in nude mice: a preliminary report. PMID- 7372191 TI - Evaluation and staging of endometrial and endocervical adenocarcinoma by contact hysteroscopy. PMID- 7372192 TI - The patient-at-risk for development of vulvar cancer. PMID- 7372193 TI - Lymphocyte response and radiation therapy for patients with gynecologic cancer. PMID- 7372194 TI - Ovarian serous cystadenofibroma of borderline malignancy: report of two cases. PMID- 7372195 TI - Alveolar soft part sarcoma in the vagina: clinical features and morphology. PMID- 7372196 TI - Epithelioid sarcoma of the vulva. PMID- 7372197 TI - Vaginal reconstruction following irradiation complication for cervical cancer. PMID- 7372198 TI - Metastatic breast adenocarcinoma to Brenner tumors. PMID- 7372199 TI - Adenosquamous carcinoma of the cecum arising in endometriosis. PMID- 7372200 TI - Effect of elevated plasma-free fatty acids on thromboxane release in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Increases in endogenous free fatty acids (FFA) induced by several stimuli are associated with increases in platelet aggregates and platelet factor 4 in man. To determine if thromboxane (TxB) release is also an associated event, we measured plasma FFA and TxB2 levels before and 5 min after bolus injection of 2,500 U of heparin prior to coronary arteriography in 27 patients with angina. Significant increases in FFA occurred in all patients (p less than 0.02) and those with critical lesions (p less than 0.01), while TxB2 levels also rose (p less than 0.02, p less than 0.05, respectively). However, linear regression showed increases in FFA and TxB2 were independent. The observed TxB2 release may be due to lipolysis-induced exposure of vascular collagen or direct inhibition of platelet adenylate cyclase by heparin. PMID- 7372202 TI - The fibrinolytic response in injured animal tissues normally low in fibrinolytic activity. AB - Rabbit skin, normally of low fibrinolytic activity, and guinea-pig skin, of medium activity, after crush injury or after the intradermal or subcutaneous injection of aluminum hydroxide, show a remarkable increase in fibrinolytic activity. The activity is caused by a plasminogen activator and is related to blood vessels. Occasionally, intense fibrinolytic activity was also observed in some specimens collected from various other organs normally low in activity. Thus two specimens of rabbit aorta, one specimen of rabbit trachea and one specimen of rabbit stomach showed increased activity related to pathological processes. One specimen of guinea-pig rectum showed intense fibrinolytic activity along the serosa. PMID- 7372201 TI - Hemostasis in the copper-laden Bedlington terrier: a possible model of Wilson's disease. AB - A hemostatic survey was done on 14 Bedlington terriers, 13 of which have the recently discovered copper toxicosis. Their hepatic copper ranged from 109 to 9,888 microgram/g dry weight and their ages from 8 months to 8 years. Despite histologic evidence of hepatitis in younger dogs and cirrhosis in older ones, plasmatic coagulation factors were not depressed. In fact, the hemophilic factors VIII, IX and XI were above normal, more closely related to the age of the dog than to the hepatic copper. Furthermore, their platelet were unusually sensitive to adenosine diphosphate exposure. Offsprings of matings between Bedlington terriers and Beagles seem to be normal. PMID- 7372203 TI - Adrenaline-induced reactions of human platelets in hirudin plasma. AB - The anticoagulant used for blood collection may modify platelet aggregation. In platelet-rich citrated plasma, adrenaline induced biphasic aggregation accompanied by 14C-serotonin release, whereas in platelet-rich hirudin plasma it induced weak primary aggregation. In plasma from blood anticoagulated simultaneously with hirudin and citrate, adrenaline caused biphasic aggregation as it was observed in citrated plasma. Qualitative differences in platelet reaction in hirudin citrated plasma were found to be dependent on calcium ion concentration. Therefore, the deprivation of calcium ions by citrate is considered the cause of the adrenaline effect in citrated plasma. PMID- 7372204 TI - Synthesis of 14C-labelled FD & C Blue No. 1 (Brilliant Blue FCF) and its intestinal absorption and metabolic fate in rats. PMID- 7372205 TI - The effects of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene on renal function in the rat. I. Effects on fluid and electrolyte excretion. PMID- 7372206 TI - N-nitrosodimethylamine in beer. PMID- 7372207 TI - N-nitrosamines--contaminants in blood-collection tubes. PMID- 7372208 TI - The 'carry over' of aflatoxin M1 into the milk of cows fed rations containing a low concentration of aflatoxin B1. PMID- 7372209 TI - The induction of rat hepatic microsomal xenobiotic metabolism by n-octadecyl beta (3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate. PMID- 7372210 TI - A teratology study of topically applied linear alkylbenzene sulphonate in rats. PMID- 7372211 TI - The relationship of insoluble nitrilotriacetate (NTA) in the urine of female rats to the dietary level of NTA. PMID- 7372212 TI - Effect of quality and quantity of diet on survival and tumour incidence in outbred Swiss mice. PMID- 7372213 TI - The metabolic disposition of 14C-labelled green S and Brilliant Blue FCF in the rat, mouse and guinea-pig. PMID- 7372214 TI - N-nitrosodimethylamine in human blood. PMID- 7372215 TI - Lack of carcinogenic effect of nitrosochlordiazepoxide and of nitrosomethylphenidate given orally to mice. PMID- 7372216 TI - Tumours induced in Fischer 344 rats by the feeding of disulfiram together with sodium nitrite. PMID- 7372217 TI - [Acute embolic occlusion of the arteries of the extremities]. PMID- 7372219 TI - [Surgical treatment of cardia and esophageal neoplasms]. AB - From 1964-1978 458 patients were operated for carcinoma of the cardia or esophagus at the surgical clinic, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt/M. Indication, preoperative treatment and operative procedures are discussed. In 117 cases, an abdominal thoracic resection or a resection of the cardia was performed. In a higher frequency of incurable cases an esophageal endoprosthesis was implanted. The lethality rate was 20,5% after resection. Nearly half of the operated patients survived for two years. 36% of the patients were still alive five years following abdominal thoracic resection and 21% following cardia resection. Despite a relatively high surgical risk, resection seemed to be the appropriate procedure as proven by the good long term results. PMID- 7372218 TI - [Malignant goiter. Diagnostic problems and surgical procedure]. AB - By our own total of 6973 benignant and 188 malignant goitres all problems are discussed concerning finding of the diagnosis preoperatively, during operation and post-operatively and also tactical procedure. Since 1974 the rate of extirpations of the malignant goitres was 87.8% while in 8.7% the only possibility was the reduction of tumor mass, palliatively. PMID- 7372220 TI - [Raised cerebrospinal fluid pressure by intravenous administration of anesthetics]. AB - Anaesthesia in disaster situations and in traumatology will be done with ketamine, propanidid and in some cases with a single shot methohexital. The intravenous injection of ketamine as well as propanidid is followed by a significant increasing of the cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Only barbiturate derivates cause a depression of cerebrospinal fluid pressure. The results are demonstrated in experiments with dogs. PMID- 7372222 TI - [General practitioner and pediater]. PMID- 7372224 TI - [Pointers on health education. Hygienic requirements for growing girls]. PMID- 7372221 TI - [The use of allopurinol in long-term treatments for optimal effect]. AB - The importance of allopurinol drug formulation is discussed regarding the relationship between allopurinol-oxipurinol pharmacokinetics and the mechanism of action. The oxipurinol plasma levels were simulated basing on a single dose regimen and an oxipurinol plasma half life of 14 hours. From these data it is evident, that during long term treatment of hyperuricemia and gout a sustained release allopurinol-formulation fulfills the requirement of adequately maintained oxipurinol plasma levels. PMID- 7372223 TI - [Treatment of hay fever with new pollen capsules]. PMID- 7372225 TI - [Vaccination schedule for children]. PMID- 7372226 TI - [Corticosteroids in pediatrics]. PMID- 7372227 TI - [Value of dosimetry in pediatric radiology. Gonadal dosage in intravenous pyelography and voiding cystourethrography]. PMID- 7372228 TI - [Digoxin therapy in patients with long-term digitalis therapy. Comparison of the digoxin blood level after oral administration of digoxin and beta-methyldigoxin]. AB - The serum digoxin levels of 23 patients were measured by radio immune assay. The patients were divided into 2 groups receiving either 0,5 mg digoxin b.i.d. or 0,25 mg digoxin b.i.d. orally after having been changed from a maintenance dose of 0,2 mg beta-methyl-digoxin b.i.d. The applicated digoxin was the preparation Lenoxin. The question was whether typical or reduced maintenance doses of digoxin in the new preparation reached therapeutic digoxin serum levels in the absence of renal insufficiency. RESULTS: 1. The maintenance dose of 0,2 mg beta-methyl digoxin produced stable serum digoxin levels within non-toxic range in all patients; 2. the dosage of 0,5 mg digoxin (group 1) induced accumulation to toxic levels (2,14 mg/ml). A change to 0,25 mg digoxin led to therapeutical serum levels; 3. when using the dosage of 0,25 mg digoxin from the onset of the test (group 2) accumulation was avoided and normal serum digoxin levels were observed during the test period. PMID- 7372229 TI - [What is life?]. PMID- 7372231 TI - [Drug-induced jaundice]. AB - Cholestasis induced by therapeutic drugs represents only one aspect of the far larger group of post microsomal terminal hepatocellular icterus, which is characterized by alterations of bilirubin excretion as well as of metabolism of bile acids. Drug induced cholestasis represents a special form of facultative toxic hepatosis, the occurrence of which is unpredictable. It is rather unknown where in the system of hepatocellular production and excretion of bile the medicaments in question are inducing lesions. Probably the mechanisms involved are far from being uniform. The possibility of a superordinated genetically caused insufficiency of the hepatocytic apparatus for excretions has to be considered for most cases. PMID- 7372230 TI - [Damages to health in schools. Complaints caused by the use of formaldehyde emitting materials in school buildings]. AB - Low formaldehyd-concentrations were measured in three Cologne schools (mean 1 = 0,4425; mean 2 = 0,5725; mean 3 = 0,1292 ppm). As the main sources of emission were identified formaldehyd-urea-bound chip-plates in acoustic-ceilings and wainscots. To study the connection between the complaints of pupils and CH20 emissions 1594 pupils of these schools were questioned using a specially elaborated questionnaire. The questions concerned multiple complaints and disturbances of health as well as their anamnesis in chronological relationship with school attendance. Compared to controls consisting of 497 pupils of a school, where no CH2O-emitting chip-plates were used, the inquiry showed a significant increase (p less than 0,00005) of so-called functional disturbances (headache, disorder of concentrating ability, dizziness, nausea), affections of the respiratory tract (irritation of the mucosa of the nose and the pharynx, dry cough) and irritation of the conjunctiva. In regard to the anamneses, the difference between the investigation-group and the control-group was even more significant and additional complaints such as somnipathy, abdominal pain, skin disease were observed frequently. Comparing the normal distribution of so-called functional disturbances in pupils found in literature, the examined group of this study showed an even higher rate of the relative accumulation. The repeated investigation in one school (n = 328) 8 months after removal of the emission sources demonstrated a very clear reduction of complaints by an average of 71,2 per cent. PMID- 7372233 TI - [Radiation effects, radiation injuries and their prevention in the use of microwaves and radiofrequency radiation]. PMID- 7372232 TI - [Local anesthesia in gynecological practice]. PMID- 7372234 TI - [Treatment of accident injuries in a medium-sized hospital]. PMID- 7372236 TI - [Neurological therapy. 6. Physical-gymnastic treatment of spinal diseases (LWS- BWS--HWS). Exercise programs]. PMID- 7372237 TI - [House for the living. Help for pregnant women in distress]. PMID- 7372235 TI - [Thyroid gland surgery, results and experiences in a small number of patients]. AB - Results of surgical treatment of thyroid diseases are reported in a limited number of cases. Preoperative diagnostics as well as our own indication for surgical interventions are described. The course of preoperative therapy and the operative technique are described. Postoperative therapy with special reference to problems of recidivity is discussed. Histological classifications are analyzed with special reference to adenomas and carcinomas. Postoperative complications are discussed. Questionnaires are evaluated in view of compliance with recidivity prophylaxis, absence of complaints, changes of the voice following operation and patient's judgement of the operation scar. PMID- 7372238 TI - [Phytoestrol in the hormone-free interval during administration of contraceptives]. PMID- 7372239 TI - [Against the dead-end streets in today's education]. PMID- 7372240 TI - [Uric acid-induced diseases. 1. Clinical picture, forms of manifestation]. PMID- 7372241 TI - [Antidote therapy: toluidine blue in methemoglobinemia]. PMID- 7372242 TI - [Etio-pathogenetic classification of depressions. 2. Diagnostic aids]. PMID- 7372243 TI - [Diabetic microangiopathy in primary and secondary diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7372245 TI - [Political measures have a long-term effect on the drug industry]. PMID- 7372244 TI - [Treatment of choledocholithiasis in the elderly]. AB - Treatment of cholelithiasis and its complications in aged patients is a very difficult problem. Early cholecystectomy is regarded as riskless in patients less than 60 years old. In case of optimal indications we perform choledochoduodenostomy following cholecystectomy. To assess late results 68 patients aged 60-90 years were examined 20 to 7 years after primary operation. The results were good in 86,7 per cent. PMID- 7372246 TI - [A statistical set-up for therapeutic quality control shown on a myocardial infarct study]. PMID- 7372247 TI - [Tachy-arrhythmic heart failure--fever--adynamism]. PMID- 7372248 TI - [Uric acid-induced diseases. 2. Therapy]. PMID- 7372249 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic agents. 1. anti-arrhythmic agents, indications, counter indications side effects; dosage, methods of application; differential therapy]. PMID- 7372250 TI - [Treatment of sleep disorders in the elderly]. AB - The physiological and pathophysiological peculiarities of the aging organism require to be observed in the treatment of sleep disorders. After eliminating extracerebral causes one has to consider changes of cerebral blood flow as a reason for impaired sleep, for instance resulting from cardial insufficiency or pathological changes of blood pressure. In using sleeping drugs one should keep in mind type and severeness of the sleep disorders and prescribe with care, since the elimination potential in the aged is mostly reduced and the quote of side effects is increased. PMID- 7372251 TI - [Anxiolysis and reduction of subjectively scaled "strain" in cognitive stress by means of pindolol]. AB - Based upon suggestions of Lader (1976) about a diagnostic scale of various anxiety states it is discussed if beta-blockers influence mainly the peripheric vegetative symptoms of anxiety and stress and tranquilizers mainly cognitive anxiety. Results of a study in 51 labile volunteers between 19 and 26 years of age are reported. After a six weeks treatment with pindolol compared to chlordiazepoxide and placebo a significant reduction of trait anxiety after beta blocker treatment was observed. These effects resembled those usually seen after tranquilizer application. PMID- 7372252 TI - [Hospital infections and the new federal legislation on epidemics]. PMID- 7372253 TI - [Anemias 6: therapy (conclusion)]. PMID- 7372254 TI - [The effect of nitrates on the peripheral circulation]. AB - It is reported about a Nitrolingual-Spray-Test which can be used to determine whether conservative treatment of chronic obliterating diseases of peripheral arteries is possible. The effects of nitrates and ISDN in the middle and acral circulation were documented and discussed. PMID- 7372255 TI - [Current risks in the use of digitalis glycosides]. PMID- 7372257 TI - [Cranial computer tomography in children. Correlation of echoencephalography and EEG to cranial computer tomography]. AB - The results of cranial ultrasound (A-scan) and computerized tomography (CT) in 81 children were corresponding in 90%, when ventricular diameter was determined, in 85% of intracerebral dysplasias, and in 12,5% of neonatal intracranial hemorrhagia. Comparison of EEG and CT findings in 70 of these children were corresponding in 54% of the cases with respect to "normal" and "abnormal". On the basis of these results routine one-dimensional ultrasound scanning still seems to be a useful procedure. PMID- 7372256 TI - [Pathogenesis of arterial diseases. Experimental studies on the early pathogenesis of arterial diseases with special reference to the role of the thrombocytes]. PMID- 7372258 TI - [Lipoproteins and hyperlipoproteinemias]. PMID- 7372260 TI - [Open silico-tuberculosis after silicosis and possible lead poisoning]. PMID- 7372261 TI - [Permeability barriers of the inner ear. Fine structure and function]. AB - This paper summarizes the own electronmicroscopic studies on the inner ear fine structure (guinea pig) with the peroxidase tracer technique and mainly with the freeze-etch-technique. New findings are presented concerning the blood-perilymph barrier, perilymph-endolymph-barrier as well as cell membrane differentiations of the stria vacularis cells and the sensory epithelia. The physiological and pathophysiological meaning is discussed in detail. PMID- 7372259 TI - [Value of sputum cytology in preoperative diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma]. AB - Of 492 in patients with primary lung cancer, pathological proof of diagnosis after thoracotomy was obtained by sputum cytology in 53,87%. Better results were obtained in patients over the age of 70 years and even in peripheral lung tumors. The results were analyzed according to tumor size, localization and malignant cell type. The prognosis of patients with positive and negative cytological specimens are compared. PMID- 7372262 TI - [Rational therapy of inflammatory and ulcerated gastric diseases using Solugastril and Solu-vetan]. AB - The treatment with a daily dose of three sachets of Solugastril Gel alone and combined with Solu-Vetan over a period of 28 days in 20 patients with endoscopically confirmed gastritis respectively gastric ulcer showed a favourable subjective, objective and endoscopcially proved effect. The elimination of complaints which is an important criterion for the clinical efficacy, occurred shortly after postprandial antacid ingestion, persisted on average four or five hours and exerted a permanent relief of pain mostly on the fifth day. In all patients an endoscopically confirmed acceleration of the healing process could be observed. PMID- 7372263 TI - [Analysis of protective mechanisms against infection by Listeria monocytogenes. On the contribution of non-immune phagocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7372264 TI - [Experimental study on carcinogenicity of beryllium oxide and arsenic trioxide to the lung of rats by an intratracheal instillation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7372265 TI - Study on chronic toxicity of arsenic trioxide in rats with special reference to the liver damages. PMID- 7372266 TI - Acute effects of growth hormone on the function of ribosomes of rat skeletal muscle. AB - The effect of the acute intravenous administration of bovine growth hormone (bGH) to female hypophysectomized rats on the ability of ribosomes isolated from their thigh muscles to incorporate 3H-leucine and 3H-puromycin into protein in vitro was studied. Ribosomes prepared from the muscles of animals that had received bGH (200 microgram) 30 min before sacrifice were more active in incorporating leucine and puromycin into protein than the controls. However, no effect of the hormone on leucine incorporation was seen 15 min after its injection, suggesting some lag period in its course of action on ribosome function. In experiments dealing with the ability of the ribosome preparations to incorporation puromycin into protein, it was found that at the completion of the reaction, ribosomes made from the muscles of bGH-treated rats had incorporated 22% more tracer into protein than the controls, suggesting that these preparations contained a larger population of ribosomes actively engaged in protein synthesis. This conclusion was also supported by the finding that sucrose density gradient profiles of ribosome preparations from the hormone-treated rats had a greater proportion of ribosomes in the polyribosome fraction than those of the controls. From these and other observations made in this study, it would appear that the acute effect of growth hormone on the function of rat skeletal muscle ribosomes is to increase the fraction of ribosomes active in peptide synthesis. PMID- 7372267 TI - Rhythms in urine flow are not correlated with rhythmic secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in well hydrated men. PMID- 7372268 TI - Melatonin and the thyroid. AB - Chronic melatonin administration (100 microgram daily for 21 days) to male weanling rats increased basal TSH without altering peripheral hormone levels. There was an increase in radioactive thyroidal iodine uptake in the melatonin treated animals. Melatonin increased the thyroid gland size relative to body weight and increased the total T4 content and T4:T3 ratio in the thyroid gland. There was no effect of melatonin on TSH response to TRH or hypothalamic TRH content. Optic nerve section increases serum TSH and T3 levels. The increase in T3, but not TSH, is abolished by pinealectomy. The alterations in circulating thyroid hormone levels after optic nerve section were not altered by chronic melatonin administration. PMID- 7372270 TI - Assessment of a plasma ADH radioimmunoassay in experimental and physiologic or pathologic conditions. AB - A radioimmunoassay of ADH has been applied to the study of plasma ADH levels in various conditions. The validity of the assay has been evaluated by the usual quality control parameters of RIA and by the measure of plasma levels in 12 upright water deprived normal volunteers (mean 9.5 pg/ml, SEM +/- 1.5) in 8 resting and hydrated normal volunteers (1.3 +/- 0.4 pg/ml), in a case of diabetes insipidus (1.6 pg/ml), in 8 cases of SIADH Syndrome (range 13-77 pg/ml) and in 4 anesthetized dogs before (33.7 +/- 9.2 pg/ml) and after acute haemorrhage (66 +/- 9.5 pg/ml, p less than 0.02). The osmotoic challenge to ADH secretion has been studied in 8 patients with no overt endocrine pathology by salt perfusion and showed a significant rise (p less than 0.05) of plasma ADH from 6.3 +/- 3.1 pg/ml before, to 20.6 +/- 7.9 pg/ml during salt infusion corresponding to the significant (p less than 0.0001) rise of plasma osmolality from 273 +/- 2.8 to 288.2 +/- 1.1 m Osm/kg. PMID- 7372269 TI - The influence of thyroxine on the plasma post-heparin lipolytic activity in rats. AB - 10 min after heparin administration (25 IU per 100 g body weight) the plasma post heparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) was increased in thyreoidectomized (TECT), hypophysectomized (HX) and hypophysectomized + thyreoidectomized (HX + TECT) rats to the same extent as in intact and sham hypophysectomized controls. However, 60 min after heparin the increase of PHLA persisted only in the TECT, HX and HX + TECT rats. After an administration of thyroxine to TECT rats (25 microgram per 100 g body weight) and also to HX + TECT rats (25 microgram or 100 microgram per 100 g body weight) the PHLA decreased similarly as in controls 60 min after heparin administration. The results suggest that the increased PHLA in hypothyroid rats is caused by the deficiency of thyroid hormones, while TSH released after TECT seems not involved in the regulation of enzymes degrading plasma lipoproteins. PMID- 7372271 TI - Corticosterone catabolism by mouse liver: interactions between genotype and diet. AB - Corticosterone reduction was greater in liver homogenates from C57BL/10ScSn mice than in homogenates from DBA/2J mice. The reactions were stimulated to the same extent by the addition of an NADPH-generating system when the mice had been on a 4% fat diet. When the mice had been on a fat-free diet for 3 days, the generating system produced a much greater effect on homogenates from DBA mice. C57BL/Tb mice resembled C67BL/10ScSn mice with CBA/FaCam mice were similar to DBA/2J mice. PMID- 7372272 TI - Metergoline inhibition of cimetidine-induced hyperprolactinemia. PMID- 7372273 TI - Evidence for and characterization of a liver cell proliferation factor from blood plasma of partially hepatectomized rats. AB - A boiled extract acidified to pH 5.5 from the blood plasma of partially hepatectomized rats was treated with neuraminidase and injected i.p. into untreated rats. The DNA-synthesis of the liver cells showed a four-fold increase in comparison with controls. Extracts from the plasma of partially hepatectomized rats without neuraminidase treatment showed no increase in DNA-synthesis. Injections of boiled acid extracts from plasma of normal rats, however, showed no comparable differences before and after neuraminidase treatment. The activity of neuraminidase treated boiled, plasma extract is lost after treatment both with trypsin-chymotrypsin and with beta-galactosidase. Gel chrmoatography of the factor gave a molecular weight of about 38,000 D. The specific activity of the active extract after chromatography was raised by a factor of 300. According to affinity chromatography the factor was shown to be a glycoprotein containing N-Ac glucosamine. The factor is inert with respect to the proliferation of spleen and kidney, i.e. it is organ specific. According to these results a regulatory system of hepatopoiesis is proposed. PMID- 7372274 TI - Correlations between adenohypophyseal weight, serum polyphenol oxidase activity (ceruloplasmin) and hypothalamic ascorbic acid after estrogen treatment in rats. AB - Serum polyphenol oxidase activity (ceruloplasmin) and the hypothalamic ascorbic acid concentration were determined in control rats and rats given estradiol for 2 6 months. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.5948, p less than 0.001) was found between adenohypophyseal weight and the ceruloplasmin level and a negative correlation between adenohypophyseal weight and the ascorbic acid concentration in the hypothalamus (r = -0.5728, p less than 0.01) and between the hypothalamus ascorbic acid concentration and the ceruloplasmin level (r = -0.7059, p less than 0.01). The ways in which an increase in serum polyphenol oxidase activity might modulate the adenohypophyseal reaction to estradiol are discussed. PMID- 7372275 TI - Involuntary admissions to general hospitals: progress or threat? AB - For a variety of reasons, general hospitals are being asked to accept both involuntary admissions and patients who are difficult to manage safely on an unlocked unit. The author considers some of the programmatic, legal, architectural, and economic issues that must be resolved if this challenge is to be met successfully. He also addresses the public relations issues and the impact on psychiatry's liaison to general medicine. He believes that if psychiatric services in general hospitals are broadened thoughtfully and deliberately, with careful attention to the clinical needs of all patients, the over-all quality of psychiatric care can be enhanced. Otherwise there is risk of destroying the best of modern hospital psychiatry. PMID- 7372277 TI - Involuntary admissions to general hospitals: legal status is not the issue. AB - Because of California state laws emphasizing treatment at the local level, and because of a number of financial considerations, many general hospitals in California have developed inpatient psychiatric programs designed to meet the needs of all but the most difficult-to-handle patients. Based on their experience in California, the authors argue that general hospitals should not reject involuntary psychiatric patients out of hand simply on the basis of legal status. They suggest instead that a distinction be made between cooperative, participating patients, regardless of legal status, and all other patients, and that appropriate programs be developed for each group. The patient's symptomatology and the resources available on the unit should be the determining factors in admission decisions, not legal status. PMID- 7372276 TI - The Massachusetts Psychiatric Society's position paper on involuntary psychiatric admissions to general hospitals. AB - Believing that if general hospitals are pressured into admitting involuntary patients without adequate safeguards, care may deteriorate, the Massachusetts Psychiatric Society drafted a detailed position statement enumerating what resources and services would be required to provide the same high-quality care for involuntary as for voluntary patients. Among other points, treatment of involuntary patients should be considered "psychiatric intensive care," with attention given to the needs for special staffing, training, ancillary services, and funding. To provide high-quality care in the least restrictive environment, separate locked and unlocked units should be provided. Not all involuntary patients can be cared for within a general hospital, the statement says; some require specialized units more appropriately located elsewhere. The general hospital's willingness to accept involuntary patients should be contingent on its being able to control its admissions, and on the hospital's not being the provider of last resort. PMID- 7372278 TI - Older adults and their families in a community mental health center: strategies for intervention. AB - Clinicians at a geriatric evaluation and treatment clinic include the patient's family in all stages of assessment and intervention so that the family can ultimately assume much of the responsibility for care. The family's strengths and weaknesses and its potential as a caretaker are assessed through a questionnaire and interviews. The major intervention techniques include explaining the patient's impairment and capabilities to the family, coordinating needed community resources, encouraging respite activities, allowing relatives to work through their own feelings, and taking responsibility for decision-making when necessary. A case history illustrates the assessment and intervention techniques. PMID- 7372282 TI - A model for evaluating staff performance in a mental health center. PMID- 7372281 TI - Stigma: its impact on the mentally ill. PMID- 7372280 TI - Psychiatrists and community mental health: current issues and trends. AB - Fewer and fewer psychiatrists seem interested in pursuing a career in community mental health. The author examines some of the possible reasons for the lack of interest, such as role diffusion and the jealousy and hostility of nonpsychiatric mental health staff. He discusses the shift in community treatment approaches toward teamwork and increased duties for the other mental health professionals, and examines the consequences of these changes. The author also discusses several different philosophies of community psychiatry, focusing on the place of the medical model. Finally, he offers suggestions for encouraging more psychiatrists to work in the community and for carving out a greater role for community psychiatry in mental health programs. PMID- 7372279 TI - Deinstitutionalization: who is left behind? AB - A study of the demographic and clinical characteristics of 137 patients in a state hospital in Massachusetts on a single day in March 1977, well after the state's massive deinstitutionalization program was in effect, showed that the patients who remained in the hospital needed a high level of care, lacked social relationships, were acutely psychotic, or were dangerous to themselves or to others. The author compares this patient population with patients in all other state mental hospitals in Massachusetts and those in the United States. He believes that an answer to the question "Who is left behind?" is essential for state hospital staff members who must treat these patients and is also important for those planning community programs. PMID- 7372283 TI - Management precautions for surviving patients after a ward suicide. PMID- 7372284 TI - A follow-up study of alcoholics who failed to appear for treatment. PMID- 7372286 TI - Drive to tighten federal budget could revive cost control battle. PMID- 7372287 TI - Hyatt management team: the latest participant in battle to run Chicago's Cook County Hospital. PMID- 7372285 TI - Antitrust litigation in the health care field. PMID- 7372288 TI - Health care industry's concentration on curing regarded as hindrance to health promotion. PMID- 7372289 TI - Government to aid ailing HMOs, boost operations in '80s in industrial cities, health managers told. PMID- 7372290 TI - Progress seen for regulatory reform bills. PMID- 7372292 TI - Many little efforts bring large success to Voluntary Effort. PMID- 7372291 TI - Hospital indicators: leap year distorts February statistics. PMID- 7372293 TI - Medical staff merger is no easy task. AB - The merger of medical staffs at two New York City hospitals proved to be a difficult task/There were problems with staff competition, meeting quorums, physical plant changes, and physician resistance to merger. PMID- 7372294 TI - Hospital trends in construction financing, costs. PMID- 7372296 TI - The hospital that's docked at Pier 15. AB - The Floating Hospital, a ship berthed in New York City's South Street Seaport Museum, provides health education and other services to the city's medically underserved residents. PMID- 7372295 TI - Experts probe issues around hospice care. AB - Roundtable discussion provided opportunity to explore the concept of hospice care from several different perspectives. PMID- 7372297 TI - Hospitals list nurse graduate expectations. AB - Development of an inventory of skills needed by nurses entering hospital practice has improved nursing college curriculumns and hospital in-service education in Arizona. PMID- 7372299 TI - Computerized O.R. log system has many uses. AB - A computerized hospital O.R. log and data system makes use of the more accurate and complete data for audits and supply, scheduling, and other planning decisions. PMID- 7372300 TI - Pharmacy unit devises quality assurance plan. AB - As the basis for a total quality assurance program, a hospital's pharmacy department developed minimum standards of practice and a compliance audit procedure. PMID- 7372301 TI - Hospital saves by making own sterile water. AB - A respiratory therapy department determined that it could achieve substantial savings by producing rather than purchasing its own sterile water. PMID- 7372302 TI - Hospital-based physicians and work tax status. AB - Criteria for determining whether hospital-based physicians are independent contractors or hospital employees for employment tax purposes are discussed. PMID- 7372303 TI - City hospitals share services, PR projects. AB - Hospital CEOs followed the lead of their PR directors in forming a metropolitan hospital council in which shared services and joint promotional projects are initiated. PMID- 7372298 TI - Program ensures better treatment for patients. AB - Training program for all employees with patient contact has improved patients' view of the hospital itself and has employees more aware of their contributions to the hospital. PMID- 7372304 TI - Speakers at annual planners' meeting talk of identity crisis facing hospitals. PMID- 7372305 TI - Hospitals are high-stress employers. AB - Studies show that hospitals are particularly stressful employers, so hospital managers need to be more mindful of the symptoms of stress and coping techniques. PMID- 7372306 TI - Information systems: the status of level 1. AB - A survey of vendors reveals the growing range of applications that are offered by second-generation hospital information systems. PMID- 7372307 TI - Social worker can eliminate potential risks. AB - If hospitals are to avoid suits, a balance must be achieved between providing support and helping people to cope with crises. The trained social worker can fill this role. PMID- 7372308 TI - Bringing nurse education out of isolation. AB - A health education director argues that nursing staff development would benefit by becoming part of a hospital's centralized health education department. PMID- 7372309 TI - Hospital and government leaders urge less health care regulation. PMID- 7372310 TI - Good planning, sound management seen as keys to high-quality, low-cost health care, speakers say. PMID- 7372311 TI - Competition seen as "buzzword" of 1980s, Iowa hospitals told. PMID- 7372312 TI - Community role is essential in voluntary health care system. PMID- 7372314 TI - Blood policy. PMID- 7372315 TI - Clear hospital circulation plan aids efficiency. PMID- 7372316 TI - Hospital indicators: inflation, utilization drive expenses upward. PMID- 7372318 TI - Multihospital systems form a cooperative for sharing services. AB - Ten regional multihospital systems pool resources, exchange ideas, share services, and engage in joint purchasing. PMID- 7372313 TI - AHR system costly, links reporting to reimbursement. PMID- 7372319 TI - Trusteeship for corporate executives. AB - Corporate executives can function better as hospital trustees if they are limited to two or three other board seats and given staff assistance and job release time. PMID- 7372317 TI - Outpatient diagnostic program encourages appropriate utilization. AB - Hospital conducts special program, medical staff members refer patients, Blue Cross/Blue Shield provides coverage for outpatient diagnostic testing to help curb unnecessary inpatient stays and costs/Program's savings, criteria, peer review, procedures noted. PMID- 7372321 TI - The case of the adrenal mass. PMID- 7372322 TI - An unresponsive skin ulcer. PMID- 7372320 TI - What you see can help shape what you get. AB - An institution's image and its values must emerge from unchanging principles of right action that inform an institutional mission whose goals are always clearly visible. PMID- 7372323 TI - Arrhythmias. PMID- 7372324 TI - Effects of tubal sterilization on morbidity rates analyzed. PMID- 7372325 TI - Infantile breast growth observations. PMID- 7372326 TI - ASA desensitization offers dual benefit to asthmatics. PMID- 7372327 TI - Mediastinal irradiation poses prolonged cardiovascular risk. PMID- 7372328 TI - Constant respiratory trouble. PMID- 7372329 TI - Electrophysiology of the heart: the effects of ischemia. PMID- 7372330 TI - Weight loss with fever of unknown origin. PMID- 7372332 TI - A 45,X male with translocation of euchromatic Y chromosome material. AB - A phenotypically normal 32-year-old male with azoospermia was found to have a 45,X karyotype with presence of excess euchromatic material on 14p. The parent's karyotypes are normal. This observation is interpreted as a Y/14 translocation with loss of the heterochromatic Y chromosome material. PMID- 7372331 TI - Trisomy 13 in a 4-year-old child. AB - The karyotype 47,XY,13+ was observed in a mentally retarded four-year-old child, with numerous abnormalities and the typical dermatoglyphics of a trisomy 13. Banding analysis showed a complete extra chromosome 13. PMID- 7372333 TI - Partial monosomy of long arm of chromosome 4 due to interstitial deletion. AB - A child with congenital malformations and a de novo interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 4 is described. Detailed analysis by G banding revealed the loss of the whole of band q21 and part of bands q13 and q22. The clinical abnormalities are quite dissimilar from those features described in other cases of partial 4q monosomy, which generally appear to result from the deletion of more distally placed segments of the chromosome. PMID- 7372334 TI - Syndrome of lymphoedema and distichiasis. AB - A family of ten members in three generations who were affected by lymphoedema with or without distichiasis (extra rows of eyelashes) was observed. This combination of symptoms can be presumed to represent a rare but well-defined hereditary syndrome transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene. Some years ago the published pedigrees of congenital hereditary lymphoedema were reviewed and analysed genetically by Esterly (1965). Recently papers have been published on the association of lymphostasis with congenital distichiasis (Falls and Kertesz, 1964; Robinow et al., 1970; Jester, 1977). We report here a family with ten members in three generations affected by lymphoedema with or without distichiasis. PMID- 7372335 TI - Clinical, enzyme, and cytogenetic investigations in three new cases of trisomy 8p. AB - Three new cases of partial trisomy of the chromosome 8 short arm are reported. The observations confirm and extend certain clinical, enzyme, and chromosomal data in this type of chromosomal anomaly. PMID- 7372336 TI - A deleted extra chromosome 22 identified by DNA replication banding. AB - The identification of a deleted extra chromosome 22 by means of the DNA replication banding pattern is reported. The characteristics of DNA replication banding, its advantages and superiority in chromosome identification are described. PMID- 7372337 TI - [Preliminary study of stages of human meiosis in spermatocytes and ovocytes (author's transl)]. AB - Human meiotic chromosomes, from spermatocytes and ovocytes, are described after observations of whole mount preparations under E.M. Small testicular and ovarian fragments are put in distillated water, then macerated; the cell suspension is spread on the surface of sheet copper grids covered with formvar plus collodion films. After dehydratation interesting stages are selected under L.M. before observations under E.M. Zygotene and pachytene are the most common stages. During pachytene the chromomeres are well individualized; the synaptonemal complex may be observed; chromatin fibers connect the chromosomes to nuclear pores, interchromosomal fibers joint the bivalents. Zygotene and pachytene bivalents are very similar in the male and the feminine germ cells. PMID- 7372338 TI - Meiotic studies in human semen. Report of 180 cases. AB - Meiotic studies can be carried out in the spermatogenic cells present in ejaculate. Using this technique, we identified one man with a reciprocal translocation and six oligochiasmatic males among 180 patients studied. The technique is easy and reliable; good-quality figures can be obtained, and meiotic studies can be carried out as often as needed. PMID- 7372339 TI - Dominant inheritance of cleft of the soft palate. AB - A family is described with apparent dominantly inherited complete cleft of the soft palate. The complexity of the genetics of oral clefts is emphasized. The inheritance of oral clefts is complex. Different modes of inheritance have been reported for clefts both simple and in syndromes (Gorlin et al., 1971), but the majority of cases of nonsyndromal clefts appears to have a low, yet significant, genetic component (Fraser et al., 1974). This report describes a family with cleft of the soft palate which appears to follow a dominant pattern of inheritance. To our knowledge this is the first reported instance of dominantly inherited cleft palate. PMID- 7372340 TI - The chromosome changes in non-Burkitt lymphomas. AB - Cytogenetic analysis of 26 non-Burkitt lymphomas having abnormal clones, revealed non-random involvement of certain chromosomes in numerical and structural changes. In some cases, chromosome structural abnormalities could be correlated with histopathology of the tumours. A combined analysis of cases in the present series, and from the literature, indicates that the most common aberrations in the lymphoproliferative disorders involve structural changes of chromosome 14. PMID- 7372341 TI - The identification of human chromosomes by quinacrine fluorescence after hybridisation in situ. AB - A method is described for producing fluorescent bands on human chromosomes by staining with quinacrine after hybridisation in situ. The advantages of the method include the eslimination of artefacts arising from staining before hybridisation, the fact that there is no reduction in sample number between staining and autoradiography, the ease with which autoradiographic grains can be identified and counted. and the reduction in exposure time. PMID- 7372342 TI - Deficiency of neuraminidase in the sialidoses and the mucolipidoses. AB - Neuraminidase activity in cultured fibroblasts from patients either with various forms of sialidosis or with I-cell disease (ICD) or mucolipidosis (ML) III has been determined by both a colorimetric and a fluorometric method. The former applied to frozen fibroblast pellets demonstrated a specific deficiency of neuraminidase in patients with the sialidoses. The enzyme was also deficient in I cells, as were other lysosomal hydrolases. With the fluorogenic substrate these data could be confirmed and extended, and elementary kinetics of neuraminidase studied. In unfrozen freshly harvested fibroblasts, neuraminidase activity was severalfold that in frozen aliquots. A comparative and simultaneous study could not reveal substantial differences between the residual neuraminidase activity found in the various clinical forms of sialidosis. And, in fibroblasts from patients with ICD, also called ML II, the deficiency of this enzyme is quantitatively similar to that in the sialidoses, but the residual activity in ML III is three times higher. In both ML II and ML III the defect is probably secondary to the unknown metabolic error. PMID- 7372343 TI - Hereditary erythrocyte pyruvate-kinase (PK) deficiency and chronic hemolytic anemia: clinical, genetic and molecular studies in six new Spanish patients. AB - Clinical, familial and biochemical studies from six unrelated Spanish patients with hereditary hemolytic anemia and erythrocyte pyruvate-kinase (PK) deficiency are described. A remarkable molecular heterogeneity of mutant PK variants involving kinetic properties, molecular stability or electrophoretic mobility is demonstrated. In two patients whose PK variants showed abnormal electrophoretic pattern and strongly aberrant kinetic properties, a chronic hemolytic anemia associated with several other clinical manifestations of chronic hemolysis occurred. In patients whose PK variants showed less abnormal kinetic and electrophoretic characteristics, there was only moderate or mild hemolytic anemia. One patient's PK variant with no obvious kinetic or electrophoretic alterations, showed a markedly decreased heat stability with severe diminution of antigenic concentration of the enzyme. This patient presented a spectacular clinical and hematological improvement after splenectomy. The purpose of the present study is to describe six new PK variants of Spanish origin. In addition, an attempt is made to find relationships between molecular abnormalities of mutant PK variants and the severity of hemolytic anemia, in these patients. The possible role of some kinetic alteration, such as fructose disphosphate (FDP) activation or ATP inhibition of PK variants, in the clinical manifestations of chronic hemolysis is also suggested. PMID- 7372344 TI - Familial determinants of blood pressure in northeastern Brazil. AB - Genetic heritability in this triracial population is 0.41 for systolic pressure in children, 0.14 for systolic pressure in adults, and 0.34 for diastolic pressure in both generations. Cultural inheritance is much smaller, and there is no evidence of maternal effects or major loci. PMID- 7372346 TI - On the new policy for reports on chromosomal anomalies. PMID- 7372345 TI - Sister chromatid exchange in cigarette smokers. AB - The incidence of sister chromatid exchanges in smokers and nonsmokers was investigated. There was no difference in the SCE rate between smokers and nonsmokers, nor was there any difference between heavy (greater than 10 per day) and light (less than 10 per day) smokers. PMID- 7372347 TI - Differences in the cytotoxic effect of rabbit anti-rat macrophage sera on rat alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7372348 TI - Studies on the chemical nature of dialysable transfer factor. Comparison of human leukocyte dialysate and dialysates derived from human serum and from mammalian lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. AB - The chemical nature of human dialysable transfer factor (TFd), capable of augmenting delayed hypersensitivity (DH) in human recipients, and some mammalian organ dialysates, known to augment DH in antigen-primed guinea pigs, were compared using chromatography on Sephadex G-10 and G-25 columns and on thin-layer plates. The fractions of human leukocyte dialysate which eluted at or after the Vt of the Sephadex columns have previously been shown to contain the in vivo TFd activity and therefore special attention was paid to corresponding dialysate fractions. All together 52 identified or unidentified components were found at or close to this elution region with thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The 14 identified substances were nucleobases, nucleosides, sugars and aromatic or heterocyclic amino acids. Unidentified components had similar staining characteristics as the identified ones on TLC. No evidence was found for the presence of peptides or nucleotides. There were no components specific for human leukocyte dialysate. Several of the identified and unidentified substances in fractions of humal dialysable leukocyte extract were common to all or nearly all dialysates. The possibility that some of the unidentified components might be responsible for the in vivo effect of human leukocyte dialysate in man or guinea pig is discussed. PMID- 7372349 TI - Effect of moderate (40 degrees C) and intensive (43 degrees C) hyperthermia on spleen, lymph-node and thymus-derived murine lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 7372350 TI - Interaction of lipopolysaccharides and of lipid A from Yersinia enterocolitica with purified guinea pig C3. PMID- 7372351 TI - Complement consuming antibodies against a modified human serum protein in pigeon breeders' disease. AB - The sera of patients with pigeon breeders' disease contain precipitating and human complement consuming antibodies against pigeon dropping antigens. Cessation of antigen exposure results in a decrease of precipitins below the level of detection in immunodiffusion. Complement consuming antibodies remain present, however, despite antigen avoidance. A close correlation is observed between human complement consumption tests with pigeon dropping antigens PDF1-A or pigeon cropmilk IgA and a modified human serum gamma-globulin. Isolation of this protein is readily achieved by its non-specific adsorption onto activated Sepharose 4B and subsequent elution with 1 M acetic acid. This modified protein may act as an autoantigen in pigeon breeders' disease, maintaining human complement consuming antibodies for years in subjects with no further bird antigen contact. PMID- 7372352 TI - Serial measurements of systolic time intervals: effects of propranolol alone and combined with other agents in hypertensive patients. AB - Systolic time intervals (STI) were recorded serially before and during 1 year of treatment in 367 hypertensive men. The patients were randomly assigned, double blind, to one of the following regimens: propranolol alone (P), propranolol plus hydrochlorothiazide (P + T), propranolol plus hydralazine (P + H), propranolol plus hydrochlorothiazide plus hydralazine (P + T + H), or reserpine plus hydrochlorothiazide (R + T). Systolic time intervals were calculated by a computer pattern-recognition and measurement program. Diastolic blood pressure and heart rate (HR) decreased with each treatment regimen. The preejection period (PEP) was prolonged following P alone. The left ventricular ejection time (LVET), after correction for HR, was shortened with P + T and R + T and prolonged after P + H. The PEP/LVET was reduced with P + H. The prolongation of PEP during long term administration of P is comparable with previous studies of its acute effects and suggests a moderate decrease in left ventricular performance. Calculation of STI also appears to be a useful method for showing the effects of adding other antihypertensive agents. PMID- 7372353 TI - Norepinephrine in urine and plasma following provocative maneuvers in normal and hypertensive subjects. AB - Urinary norepinephrine (UNE) excretion rate and venous plasma norepinephrine (PNE) concentrations were studied in 266 normotensive and 107 essential hypertensive men and women under conditions of volume expansion with 2 liters of intravenous normal saline over 4 hours, and volume contraction with a 10 mEq sodium diet and 120 mg oral furosemide. The UNE excretion rate was correlated with age in normal women only. In men, and in hypertensives of both sexes, the relationship appeared to be biphasic. The PNE concentration was not correlated with age in the hypertensive subjects. Insufficient numbers of older subjects were available to exclude absolutely such a relationship among normals. The UNE and PNE were influenced by volume expansion and contraction in both normals and hypertensives; however, normals exhibited a correlation between UNE and blood pressure as well as consistent correlations between UNE and PNE, neither of which were observed in the hypertensives. Hypertensive women generally had greater UNE and PNE values than normal women or hypertensive men. Hypertensive women may have altered sympathetic activity. PMID- 7372354 TI - Effects of hypertension and its reversal on aortic intima lesions of the rat. AB - A combined transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopic study was performed on aortae of deoxycorticosterone-salt (DOC-salt)-treated rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to compare the effects of hypertension as well as its reversal on the aortic intima. To best reproduce the in vivo state of the vasculature, rats were perfusion-fixed at pressures corrected for each individual animal (30 mm Hg below measured systolic pressure). The intimal alterations were focal and thus were best appreciated with the combined use of SEM and TEM. Qualitatively, both models of hypertension showed similar intimal changes, which consisted of subintimal thickening due to an accumulation of both extracellular material and cells. Subendothelial cells with a morphology indicating a blood-borne origin were present simultaneously with cells derived from the vessel wall. The increased subendothelial extracellular material included precipitated plasma proteins, reticulated basement membrane, collagen fibers, and fragments of elastin. Increase in the height of endothelial cells with distortion of nuclear shape was prominent. Withdrawal of DOC-salt combined with low-salt diet for 11 weeks did not result in a discernible regression of these intimal changes despite normalization of blood pressure. We conclude that vascular injury, once induced, may be difficult to reverse and suggest that areas of prior damage may serve as foci for later vascular complications. PMID- 7372355 TI - Treatment of salpingitis with pivampicillin. A comparison of twice-daily and thrice-daily dosages. AB - The efficacy of pivampicillin, administered in a dose of 350 mg three times daily or 500 mg twice daily, was compared in 107 patients with acute salpingitis. Both regimens were equally effective. Fortyseven out of 56 patients given the 500 mg doses were cured and four improved. Of the patients who received the 350 mg doses, 46 out of 51 were cured and three improved. Patients were divided into two groups with severe and mild infections respectively. The 500 mg dose of pivampicillin was significantly more effective in reducing pyrexia in all patients including those with severe infections. Mean treatment duration was shorter in patients with severe infections given 500 mg of pivampicillin twice daily (11.4 days) than in those receiving 350 mg three times daily (14.5 days). Slight gastrointestinal discomfort occurred in 9% of patients receiving the 500 mg dose and in 4% of those receiving the 350 mg dose. The overall incidence of exanthema was about 5%. The twice daily regimen of 500 mg pivampicillin is recommended since it is more practical for the departments concerned and patient compliance is better. PMID- 7372356 TI - Effect of timing of cefuroxime dosage on its protection of rats against gentamicin nephrotoxicity. AB - The neophrotoxic effect on rats of once daily treatment with 40 or 45 mg gentamicin/kg/day for ten days was substantially reduced by administration of 4 g cefuroxime/kg/day, either at the same time or eight hours later. This dosage of cefuroxime was protective when given for only two consecutive days starting on the first to third days of gentamicin treatment, but enhanced gentamicin nephrotoxocity when started on the sixth or subsequent days. PMID- 7372357 TI - Fluid management in Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. AB - The fluid management of 50 children with Haemohpilus influenzae type B meningitis was reviewed. Clinical hydration status on admission, serum sodium values, and overall fluid balance was assessed to determine the contribution of empiric fluid restriction in preventing the development of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Thirty-three of 50 patients were well hydrated on admission. Sixteen of 50 patients (32%) initially had signs of dehydration and five out of 16 were in shock. Only two patients had evidence of SIADH. Twenty patients were empirically fluid restricted, including one who proceeded to develop SIADH; thirteen were not fluid restricted, and sixteen who were dehydrated received replacement fluids in addition to the usual maintenance fluids. None of these patients developed SIADH. As fluid depletion was more common than excessive fluid retention in our patients, empiric fluid restrictions could not be justified. Careful, individualized monitoring of the clinical state of hydration, electrolytes and osmolaities is suggested to guide the fluid management in these patients. PMID- 7372358 TI - The early serological detection of colonisation by Staphylococcus epidermidis of ventriculo-atrial shunts. AB - Simple quantitative serological tests demonstrating Staphylococcus epidermidis agglutinins and C-reactive protein were used for the early detection of ventriculo-atrial shunt colonization by this organism. Tests in normal children and adults in various age groups throughout life confirmed Bayston's ovservations that those tested attained a titre up to 1:160 TO S. epidermidis agglutinogen. In contrast, the titre in children with colonised shunts and in adults with S. epidermidis endocarditis, both conditions which are usually accompanied by bacteraemia, rose to much higher levels, sometimes up to 1:5120. The routine combination of both tests has proven to be of considerable diagnostic value, particularly in early or recent colonisation. PMID- 7372359 TI - Mediators of immune complex-induced aggregation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. I. C5a anaphylatoxin, neutrophil cationic proteins and their cleavage fragments. AB - This study reports the results of in vitro investigations on the aggregation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) induced by the C5a anaphylatoxin complement component as well as the cationic proteins (CP), which are released by challenging PMN with immune complexes (IC). The carboxy-peptidase-derived des-Arg fragments of CP and C5a; CPi and C5ai, inactive in terms of anaphylactic and chemotactic activity, nevertheless showed a more potent ability to aggregate PMN than CP and C5a. The process of PMN aggregation required metabolic energy and divalent cations, Ca++ and Mg++. The microtubular system and the subplasmalemmal microfilaments appeared to be of critical importance. Electron microscopic studies on aggregates of PMN obtained on stimulation with CP, C5a, CPi and C5ai showed parallel tracts of variable length of cell membranes at the points where cells were in contact with each other. PMID- 7372360 TI - Trichinella spiralis infection in animals genetically selected for high and low antibody production. Studies on intestinal pathology. AB - Specific antibody response and histopathological changes in the small intestine were studied in mice genetically selected for high and low antibody production (HL and LL, respectively) after oral infection with 50 muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis. Specific antibody response, measured during the first 20 days after infection in the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis assay and the immunofluorescence test was high in HL and low in LL mice. The response of macrophages, intestinal mast cells, globule leucocytes and eosinophils was examined in the jejunum. It was concluded that the differences in antibody levels and macrophage activity between HL and LL mice are in keeping with published evidence. The cellular reaction of intestinal mast cells and globule leucocytes was delayed in LL mice compared to HL mice. The eosinophil response in HL and LL mice was the same. Consequently, apart from differences in macrophage activity and antibody production, HL and LL mice differ also in intestinal mast cell and globule leucocyte response. PMID- 7372361 TI - Immunogenicity of tobacco smoke components in rabbits and mice. AB - Several extracts of tobacco leaf and tobacco smoke components were tested for their ability to stimulate and react with antibodies. Two experimental animal models, mice producing reaginic antibody and rabbits producing precipitating antibody, were used in this study. Results indicate that tobacco smoke extracts can stimulate immune responses to tobacco leaf antigens in rabbits and mice. The immunogen is apparently not a product of incineration because air passed through unlit cigarettes clearly extracted the antigenic component. PMID- 7372362 TI - The nature of secretory agglutinins and aggregating factors. IV. Complexing between non-mucin glycoproteins, immunoglobulins and mucins in human saliva and amniotic fluid. AB - By themselves the non-mucin glycoproteins of saliva and amniotic fluid produce secretory conglutinin-like factor (SKF) and secretory bacterial aggregating factor (SBAF) activity. These glycoproteins also bind immunoglobulins; a secretory binding factor for immunoglobulins (SBFI) with EDTA-reversible activity is found in amniotic fluid. Agglutination of particles by very small amounts of secretory antibody is facilitated by reversible and irreversible binding of antibody to SKF/SBAF active glycoproteins. EDTA effects on the carrier glycoproteins make the bound antibody activity EDTA-sensitive. The SKF/SBAF glycoproteins also have EDTA-sensitive interactions with each other and possibly with mucins. These complex interactions of secretory glycoproteins and immunoglobulins are of importance in mucosal protection. PMID- 7372363 TI - Homocytotropic antibody responses during murine schistosomiasis. A follow-up study of both total immunoglobulins and Schistosoma mansoni specific antibodies. AB - Mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni develop a high increase of homocytotropic antibodies, thought to be involved in protection. IgE and IgG1 rise differently during the course of infection. Total serum IgE levels rise between days 20 and 30 and the maximum is observed around day 50. IgG1 levels remain almost unchanged until day 50 after which they increase dramatically, reaching a peak at day 100. S. mansoni specific IgE antibodies measured by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis parallel to variations of total IgE. On the contrary, S. mansoni specific IgG1 antibodies, also measured by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, do not parallel total IgG1; they reach a peak between days 30 and 40 and remain high until day 100. PMID- 7372364 TI - Secretion of a hyperemia-inducing moiety by mitogen or glycogen stimulated mononuclear inflammatory cells of sheep and rabbit. AB - A nonlymphokine mediator of hyperemia has been shown to be secreted by both rabbit peritoneal exudate cells stimulated with 5% glycogen and by concanavalin A treated cells from afferent lymph of sheep. This mediator is not stored in an active form in cells, but is either activated or synthesized de novo in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimuli. Secretion of the mediator is inhibited by culturing cells in the presence of dexamethasone but not indomethacin. However, expression of the activity is inhibited by pretreatment of the assay animals with indomethacin, suggesting a two-step induction of hyperemia. A similar mediator was found to be secreted by sheep and rabbit alveolar lavage cells, and rat peritoneal exudate cells. The presence of this hyperemia-inducing activity from diverse species suggests a fundamental role in controlling blood flow. Alteration of blood flow may modulate delivery of blood-borne cells and factors to sites of chronic inflammation. PMID- 7372365 TI - Proliferative response of lymphocytes of normal individuals to wheat proteins (gliadins). AB - Preparations of gliadin, extracted from wheat gluten, were shown to stimulate a proliferative response by lymphocytes of normal donors. Not all donors responded to gliadin. In all but one case responder or non-responder status remained consistent on retesting. There was no association of ability to respond with HLA A or B type. PMID- 7372366 TI - Rapid batch fractionation of ryegrass pollen allergens. AB - A rapid batch fractionation procedure employing ion-exchange matrices has been used to fractionate ryegrass pollen antigens and allergens. After sequential elution through CM-Sephadex and DEAE-Sephadex, a group of four electrophoretically distinct allergens with a molecular weight of approximately 32,000 was fractionated. These allergens correspond to the group I allergens previously isolated by Johnson and Marsh. This material may be suitable for clinical use where a characterised group I allergen preparation is required. PMID- 7372367 TI - Experiments in mice and rats on the induction of joint lesions following injections of serum and in chronic virus infection. AB - Rats and mice, in contrast to rabbits, appeared to be insusceptible to the development of rheumatoid-like joint lesions on repeated injections with bovine serum--the serum sickness model. Persistent infection of mice with the lactic dehydrogenase virus likewise failed to induce joint lesions. PMID- 7372370 TI - Patterns of gastro-intestinal cancer in European migrants to Australia: the role of dietary change. AB - Cancers of the stomach, pancreas, colon and rectum are increasingly regarded as being diet-influenced. Migrants to Australia from England, Scotland, Ireland, Poland, Yugoslavia, Greece, and Italy have come from countries with varied dietary backgrounds and gastrointestinal cancer risks. Age-standardized cancer death rates in migrrants, by country of origin, sex, age, and duration of residence in Australia (less than or equal to 16 years and greater than 16 years), have been calculated for 1962-76, and compared with those of the Australian-born population. All seven migrant source countries, in 1970, had higher rates of stomach cancer than Australia, and the corresponding migrants groups, which initially reflected those higher rates, experienced an approximately 25% risk reduction with increased duration of residence. For cancer of the pancreas, migrants initially had rates well above their "native" rates; with longer stay, the risks generally converged upon that of the Australian-born population. The four "continental" (European) migrant groups, whose native risk of colon cancer is about half that of the Australian population, showed an increased risk with increasing duration of stay. The increase was greater in men than in women, perhaps reflecting their greater dietary acculturation. By contrast, Scottish migrants, with an initially high risk of cigrants showed even larger increases than colon cancer, while in British migrants there was a marked decline towards the "Australian-borne" risk. These various changes in cancer risk are discussed with reference to inter-country dietary differences. PMID- 7372368 TI - Detection of autoimmune response to rabbit epididymal and seminal spermatozoa. AB - Conventional and anaphylactic autoantibodies to rabbit epididymal and seminal spermatozoa were detected in sera of rabbits autoimmunized by several procedures. Antibodies against epididymal spermatozoa were found in 85% of rabbits showing lesions of varying degrees in testes. When the comparison was made with antibodies to antigens of spermatozoa from semen, the correlation was markedly lower. The data prove the importance of a proper selection of the antigenic material when looking for antibodies to spermatozoa in studies of autoimmunity and fertility. PMID- 7372369 TI - Graft-versus-host reactions against H-Y antigen. AB - Spleen cells of female C57BL/6 mice, preimmunized to male histocompatibility antigen, elicited splenomegaly in adult male recipients and caused mortality of the newborn recipients. These cells, upon stimulation in vitro with the male antigen, were cytotoxic to male target cells. PMID- 7372372 TI - Effector and enhancing lymphoid cells in plasmacytoma-bearing mice. I. Methodological studies on the Winn assay. AB - Some parameters of the Winn assay for the detection of tumor-suppressing ("effector") and tumor-enhancing lymphoid cells were studied in BALB/c mice. Spleen cells of mice that were preimmunized with mitomycin-C-treated MOPC-104E plasmacytoma cells were inhibitory in this test system for both the MOPC-104E and the HOPC-I plasmacytomas, thus indicating cross-reactivity. Spleen cells taken from mice 6 days after the surgical removal of 15-day-old MOPC-104E tumors inhibited the growth of lethal doses of MOPC-104E cells in normal recipients, but no inhibition was observed 2 days after the removal of 18-day-old tumors. Spleen cells from mice bearing MOPC-104E for 13 days enhanced tumor growth. This enhancement was not influenced significantly by the wide dose range (from 10(5) to 3 x 10(7)) of MOPC-104E cells used to initiate tumors in the lymphoid cell donors, although tendency for stronger enhancing potential occurred after low tumor doses. When spleen cells from donors bearing MOPC-104E for 10 days were injected at the constant tumor-lymphocyte ratio of 1:30 with increasing numbers of tumor cells (from 5 x 10(5) to 2 x 10(6)), tumor inhibition occurred at the lowest dose only, while no significant effect was observed at higher tumor cell doses. When a constant dose (5 x 10(5)) of tumor cells was injected with spleen cells from 10-day tumor-bearers at tumor/lymphocyte ratios of 1:10, u:40 and 1:160, a significant tumor inhibition occurred only at the ratio of 1:40. The relevance of the Winn test to the study of immune mechanisms in tumor-bearing hosts is discussed. PMID- 7372373 TI - The plate-implant as a bioassay for the neoplastic potential of cultured cells. AB - One objective of this study was to test the plate implant as an in vivo bioassay for the neoplastic state with pairs of cell lines that were non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic when inoculated in suspension at various sites. Each pair originated from a common cell pool or from one cell derived from normal rat or mouse embryonic tissue. The implantation of cells attached to polycarbonate plates was compared with the subcutaneous injection of comparable numbers of cells in suspension or the intraocular injection of 10(5) cells. In addition, some implants of glass helices with attached cells were made into syngeneic mice and compared with injection of comparable cell numbers intramuscularly into X irradiated hosts. A total of 10 lines or clones were tested on plates. Of four lines that were non-tumorigenic when inoculated in suspension either subcutaneously or intraocularly, two were tumorigenic when implanted subcutaneously attached to plastic plates. The remaining two are the first permanent rodent lines that have not been tumorigc on plastic plates. Of the remaining six lines, all were tumorigenic on plates and two produced sarcomas at a higher frequency on plates than in suspension. Cytologic diagnoses of the cells implanted on plates, subcutaneously and intraocularly, correlated best with the results from plate implants. Of three mouse lines implanted on helices, two were equally tumorigenic in suspension and on helices, whereas the third was tumorigenic on helices only. The plate implant was more satisfactory technically than the helices and proved to be one of the most sensitive bioassays for the neoplastic state of cultured cells. PMID- 7372371 TI - Response to chemotherapy of human, malignant melanoma xenografts in athymic, nude mice. AB - In attempts to elucidate the factors determining individual differences in response of tumors to chemotherapeutic agents, the sensitivity of six human malignant melanomas growing in athymic, nude mice was studied. Six agents, viz. DTIC, CCNU, vinblastine, procarbazine, as well as the toxic lectins abrin and ricin, were administered in maximum tolerable doses to the tumor-bearing mice. The response to treatment was expressed as tumor growth delay, i.e. the number of volume double times saved by the treatment. The xenografts had very nearly retined the morphology of the parent tumors and were histologically similar. They showed different and characteristic early growth rates and also wide variations in their response to the agents tested. Unexpectedly, in the case of DTIC, CCNU and procarbazine, the response of the xenografts proved to be inversely related to the early growth rates of the tumors. For vinblastine, abrin and ricin, no correlation between response and growth rate of the tumors was apparent. Procarbazine had the best overall effect among the agents here tested. DTIC, CCNU and vinblastine had somewhat less and about equal overall efficiency. The plant toxin abrin, which acts by inhibiting protein synthesis, was at least as effective as DTIC. When abrin was given together with DTIC, the effect on the two xenografts tested was superior to that of each agent given alone. The wide variations observed in the response of the histologically similar xenografts to the different agents demonstrate that testing of the chemosensitivity of human xenografts requires the use of a panel of tumors of each histological tpye. The clear relationship found between the early growth rate of the xenografts and their sensitivity to three of the drugs most commonly used in the treatment of malignant melanomas, may have clinical implications. PMID- 7372375 TI - Medication during pregnancy and breast-feeding--a new Swedish system for classifying drugs. AB - As an aid for the prescription of drugs for women during pregnancy and lactation, a special section entitled "Pregnancy and breast-feeding" has been added to the description of most of the products in the Swedish catalogue of registered pharmaceutical specialties (FASS) since 1978. This article describes the system and also presents examples of the general texts proposed for certain groups of drugs. PMID- 7372376 TI - The influence of ascites on the pharmacokinetics of amikacin. AB - The pharmacokinetics of Amikacin are studied after the administration of 7.5 mg/kg body weight to 10 ascitic patients diagnosed with various hepatic disorders. The antibiotic was determined microbiologically in plasma and in the ascitic fluid. The antibiotic follows a two-compartment kinetic model, and it may be seen that once the rapid disposition phase has ended, an inflexion in the plasma-time levels curve takes place, with a passing increase in the plasma concentrations. From the pharmacokinetic study of Amikacin in these patients, it may be deduced that the ascitic liquid forms part of the central compartment for the effects of distribution, though not for the effects of elimination. The plasma half-life of the slow disposition phase is analogous to that obtained from non-ascitic patients with normal renal function. In one of the patients, the antibiotic was administered intraperitoneally; following this, the plasma concentrations of Amikacin were detected. In the last of the 10 patients included in the survey, the evolution of the plasma concentrations of the antibiotic were studied while the patient was undergoing a multiple dosage regimen with the aim of determining the accumulation of Amikacin in the ascitic fluid. A dosage regimen of multiple doses is programmed which should guarantee the efficiency and safety of the antibiotic. PMID- 7372374 TI - Inhibition of effector cell functions in natural killer cell activity (NK) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in mice by normal and cancer sera. PMID- 7372377 TI - Double-blind double-dummy crossover comparison of the effect of a single dose of cimetidine and trithiozine on gastric secretion. AB - Twelve patients with duodenal ulcer were admitted to a double-blind double-dummy single dose study in which the H2-receptor antagonist effect of Cimetidine and the activity of Trithiozine, endowed with an unknown mechanism, on gastric acid secretion were compared. For the balanced incomplete block design each patient received two out of four treatments. The single doses tested were 200 and 400 mg of both drugs. Cimetidine reduced all the parameters investigated, while Trithiozine increased basal acid output and acid concentration and did not affect maximal and peak acid output, basal and maximal volume and maximal acid concentration. The multiple range comparison between mean adjusted differences of the four doses were significantly in favour of Cimetidine, except for PAO, basal volume and basal acid concentration, despite the remarkable percent difference between Cimetidine and Trithiozine. In this study, Cimetidine confirmed its inhibitory properties, and Trithiozine did not appear to be an antisecretory agent. PMID- 7372380 TI - In vitro studies on the duration of action of dihydroergotamine. AB - Changes in tension were monitored isometrically on spiral strips from canine saphenous and femoral veins. Dihydroergotamine elicited an increase in tension at threshold concentrations (about 0.1 ng/ml) which are in accordance with mean plasma levels found in vivo after single oral doses in dog and man. In addition, it was demonstrated that the dihydroergotamine-induced venoconstriction persisted for several hours even when the drug was eliminated from the bathing solution. PMID- 7372378 TI - The hydroethylated amylopectins. Model substances comprising a two-variable system for the design of specific-acting volaemic colloids. AB - The requirement of volaemic colloids in specific-acting dosage forms, for utilisation in varied and numerous clinical applications, has led to the development of the hydroxyethylated and amylopectins (HESs). These glycogen-like substances comprise a two-variable drug design system, in which the interplay between the weight average molecular weight (Mw-) and the molar hydroxyethyl group substitution (MS) on the parent amylopectin molecule can be specifically adjusted to provide a family of volaemic colloids in short- to long-acting dosage forms. The MS however, appears to exert a finer mechanism of control on the intravascular persistence and the urinary excretion of the HESs in man. This can be seen to occur when assessing changes taking place in the molecular weight size distribution pattern in the bloodstream following injection. However, the Mw- must be considered in the design of HES drugs possessing specific effects on the suspension stability of blood. PMID- 7372379 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics: the pharmacological monitoring of plasmatic levels in therapy. AB - Recent developments of clinical pharmacology show that in particular circumstances the determination of the plasmatic levels of drugs seems to be the best way to insure the best dosage schedules for each patient. For this and other reasons, at the Hospital Pharmacological Service a clinical pharmacokinetic laboratory was set up about two years ago. It is involved both in pharmacokinetic research with the aim of pointing out the reasons of a quantitatively or qualitatively unusual response to the drug (generally lack of therapeutic effect or untoward effects) and in finding the best practical administration route for each patient of those drugs which show a high incidence of undesirable side effects. At the moment, salicylates, quinidine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, theophylline, digoxin and gentamicin are routinely monitored. Other drugs under examination are valporic acid, methotrexate, etc. In the present paper the first results obtained are reported. PMID- 7372381 TI - Concentrations of cephapirin sodium in plasma and gynecologic tissue after a single preoperative dose. AB - The penetration of cephapirin sodium into tissues that are commonly involved in gynecologic infections was studied after administration of a single i.v. dose of 1 g of cephapirin to about 15 patients to undergo gynecologic surgery. Blood and tissue specimens were obtained either 30 or 60 min after the infusion had been completed. Blood levels averaged 16.07 +/- 3.7 and 6.29 +/- 1.6 microgram/ml and mean tissue levels were 7.87 and 6.28 microgram at these two sampling times, respectively. These results suggest that bactericidal levels of cephapirin against sensitive organisms can be achieved in gynecologic tissues. PMID- 7372382 TI - Theophylline and hydroxyethyltheophylline are different drugs. PMID- 7372383 TI - A historical and socioeconomic analysis of occupational safety and health in India. AB - Workers in poor countries of the so-called Third World are more likely to be affected by the dangers of high technology than their counterparts in wealthier countries. Owing to their lack of education, most workers in the "developing" world are unaware of the hazards of their occupations. Moreover, their general backwardness in sanitation and nutrition and climatic proneness of their geographic region to epidemics cause diseases contracted from the work environment to be aggravated. occupational diseases are often misconstrued as diseases resulting from the general environment. Since unemployment in underdeveloped countries is of a very high order, workers are prepared to accept any job, irrespective of the dangers involved. Labor is cheap and easily replaceable, so employers see no need for improving occupational safety and health. Labor unions are mostly controlled by full-time politicians who consider health a political issue, especially when their party controls the country's government. The seriousness of all these factors is heightened by the existing socioeconomic order in poor countries, in which national medievalism and multinational modernism play a crucial role. In order to understand the prevailing socioeconomic order, one has to analyze the social structures of poor countries in the context of today's world economic structure. India is taken as an example of a "developing" country where all the above-mentioned factors and many others are in operation: backwardness of the worker; poor nutrition; lack of concern for public health; proneness to epidemics; and indifference on the part of employers, politicians, and unions toward occupational health; high unemployment, control of the local economy by multinational corporations; and control of the mass media by feudalistic vested interests. This article attempts to analyze the occupational health and safety issue in India from a historical perspective, and stresses the vital need of structural changes in various fields so that workers can have a safe and healthy working environment. PMID- 7372384 TI - The diffusion of the computed tomography (CT) scanner in the United States. AB - The rising cost of medical care in the United States is a problem generally familiar to all interested in health care policy. In recent years the contribution of technology to this rising cost has been debated. The computed tomography (CT) scanner has come to exemplify the problem of "technology run wild." The scanner was introduced into the United States in 1973 and has diffused rapidly into virtually every area of the country. However, despite the large number of scanners, they are mal-distributed by institutional setting and geographic location. A number of Federal policies have been developed to deal with medical technology. The case of the CT scanner illustrates the failure of these policies. The CT scanner was not well evaluated before it diffused into practice, and it appears that Federal reimbursement policy facilitated its spread. Federal policies designed to slow diffusion or to assure optimal placement or wise use of scanners have not had demonstrable effects. The case of the CT scanner suggests the need to alter Federal policies toward medical technologies. PMID- 7372386 TI - Creating critical consciousness in health: applications of Freire's philosophy and methods to the health care setting. AB - Paulo Freire's philosophy of "education for critical consciousness" takes on special relevance within the context of the health care system. This dialogical approach to change, stressing action based on critical reflection by the people is seen here as importantly supplementing current efforts to deal with the "health care crisis" in the United States and many developing countries. Applications of the Freir approach in a health context of necessity involve the perception of health and medical care within the total oppressive structure of society. Viewed thusly, health "reform" cannot justifiably be envisioned except within the context of broader structural transformations. Two case studies are presented to illustrate the application of the Freire approach within a health context. Successful utilization of the methodology among peasants in rural Honduras and a relatively unsuccessful application among impoverished elderly residents of an urban United States ghetto are described and analyzed. Modifications of the approach to increase its usefulness in a variety of situational contexts are suggested. The potentials and limitations of this approach to radical change in the health field finally are described, along with lessons learned from initial work in the applications of conscientizacion to the health field. PMID- 7372385 TI - Determinants of the occupational strategies adopted by British hospital nurses. AB - This paper focuses on the position of the nurse in the division of labor in health care and the occupational strategies British hospital nurses have adopted in response to their changing employement situation. The authors suggest a Marxist framework as an alternative to current approaches to the study of occupational strategy, which tend to focus on the level of distribution relations. An adequate analysis of the situation of hospital nurses, the paper suggests, depends upon locating the occupation within the wider setting of the mode of control and delivery of health care. The central feature of this setting is the dominance of medicine and medical technology, and the main factors shaping it are the activities of individual capitalists involved in the health industry and the State operating within the constraints of capital in general and within the context of class struggle. It is suggested that the characteristic feature of nurses' occupational strategy--the vacillation between professionalism and unionism--can best be understood in relation to the changing mode of control and delivery of health care and nurses' contradictory position within the social relations that constitute that mode. PMID- 7372387 TI - Self-care is not a solipsistic trap: a reply to critics. AB - This paper is an answer to criticism of the self-care, self-help movement in health recently advanced by Robert Crawford and other writers. The authors review the multiple and varied origins, motivations, and ideologies associated with self care developments. It is maintained that the self-care movement embodies a broad, popular social resistance to the ills, inequities, and iatrogenic elements in highly technological health care systems. Empirical examination of specific programs and formulations of this movement reveals that it cannot be fitted into a simplistic "victim-blaming" ideology, but instead operates to decrease dependence and heighten individual and political/social awareness of hazards to health. PMID- 7372388 TI - Parasitological calendar. PMID- 7372389 TI - 'Berenil' and nitroimidazole combinations in the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei infection with central nervous system involvement. PMID- 7372390 TI - Immunity to Trichinella spiralis in irradiated mice. PMID- 7372392 TI - The segregation of lambs into 'responders' and 'non-responders': response to vaccination with irradiated Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae before weaning. PMID- 7372391 TI - Immunity against Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in guinea-pigs and sheep: some comparison with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infections in the rat. PMID- 7372393 TI - Regulatory properties of a partially purified preparation of pyruvate kinase from Fasciola hepatica. PMID- 7372394 TI - Studies on the involvement of prostaglandins and their precursors in the rejection of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis from the rat. PMID- 7372395 TI - Strongyloides ratti: susceptibility to infection and resistance to reinfection in inbred strains of mice as assessed by excretion of larvae. PMID- 7372396 TI - In vitro growth of Trypanosoma musculi in cell-free medium conditioned by rodent macrophages and mercaptoethanol. PMID- 7372397 TI - Ultrastructure of the intestinal cells of Aspiculuris tetraptera after in vivo treatment of mice with mebendazole and thiabendazole. PMID- 7372399 TI - Parasitological calendar. PMID- 7372398 TI - Taenia taeniaeformis in mice: protective immunization with oncospheres and their products. PMID- 7372400 TI - Identification and quantification of some elements in the hog roundworm, Ascaris lumbricoides suum, and certain tissues of its host. PMID- 7372404 TI - Synthesis of alpha- and beta-melanocyte stimulating hormones. AB - The solid phase synthesis of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) using the benzhydrylamine resin and a number of recently described side chain protecting groups is given. The carboxamide terminal peptide was obtained directly by treatment of the peptide resin with liquid hydrogen fluoride at 0 degrees in the presence of carbonium ion scavengers. The solid phase synthesis of the C-terminal carboxylate hormone, porcine beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone (beta p-MSH), using a 1% cross-linked Merrifield resin and the same side chain protecting groups as in the alpha-MSH synthesis also is presented. Purification of both peptides was carried out by conventional chromatographic techniques. Both hormones were fully active and beta p-MSH was slightly more potent than previously reported in the literature. PMID- 7372403 TI - Cyclic peptides. VII. Synthesis and conformation of diastereomeric analogs of cyl 2 containing L-proline and L-leucine. AB - Two diastereomeric cyclic tetrapeptides with a sequence of cyclo (-D (and L)-Tyr (me)-L-Ile-L-Pro-L-Leu-) (ID and IL) have been synthesized, which are simplified analogs of a phytotoxic peptide Cyl-2, and contain an L-proline and an L-leucine residue in place of an L-pipecolic acid and a 2-amino-8-oxo-9,10-epoxydecanoic acid residue, respectively, in Cyl-2. The cyclization of the H-D-Tyr(Me)-L-Ile-L Pro-L-Leu-ONSu proceeded smoothly to give ID in excellent yield (50%), but the cyclization of H-L-Tyr(Me)-L-Ile-L-Pro-L-Leu-ONSu gave IL in much lower yield (10%). Based on the results of 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. studies, differential N methylation and model buildings of ID, the backbone structure of ID has been proposed to be a unique trans-trans-cis-trans conformation, the L-Ile-L-Pro bond being cis. PMID- 7372405 TI - Enolase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Physicochemical characterization and reconstitution of the active enzyme from dissociated subunits. PMID- 7372401 TI - Effect of thiamine deficiency on the filarial infection of albino rats with Litomosoides carinii. PMID- 7372402 TI - A novel synthesis of 2-thioether derivatives of tryptophan. Covalent binding of tryptophan to cysteine sulfhydryl groups in peptides and proteins. AB - The reaction of L-3a-hydroxy-1,2,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-2 carboxylic acid (Hpi) with methanethiol, ethanethiol, mercaptoethanol or 3 mercaptopropionic acid in warm aqueous acetic acid gives the corresponding 2 thioether derivatives of tryptophan in 50--80% yield (based on Hpi). Better yields may be obtained in 25% trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature. Cysteine reacts with Hpi to give the double amino acid 2-(L-3-alanylthio)-L-tryptophan (tryptathionine), which is a constituent of the highly poisonous cyclopeptides of Amanita phalloides, such as phalloidin. Reaction of a moderate excess of Hpi with cysteine-SH groups of a tripeptide (glutathione) and a protein (reduced ribonuclease) has also been effected, giving the respective S-tryptophanylated peptide or protein. In both cases, reaction occurred specifically with the -SH groups of cysteine and virtually quantitative covalent binding of tryptophan was verified. The extent of the reaction is easily quantitated by spectrophotometry or by amino acid analysis of the content of oxindolylalanine in the hydrolysate with hot 3-N p-toluenesulfonic acid of the S-tryptophanylated peptide or protein. The reaction should be useful in the field of peptide synthesis, providing a simple method for establishing a cross-link between tryptophan and cysteine, as a basic step in the chemical synthesis of toxic peptides of Amanita phalloides. PMID- 7372406 TI - Crystallization of the peptide hormone, human chorionic somatomammotropin. AB - Human chorionic somatomammotropin has been crystallized from a number of solvents. One of these crystal forms offers promise for high resolution X-ray structure analysis. PMID- 7372408 TI - Isolation and characterization of beta-lipotropin from fin whale pituitary glands. AB - The isolation and characterization of beta-lipotropin from fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) pituitary glands are described. The proposed primary structure is also presented. Fin whale beta-LPH exhibited an identical lipolytic activity when compared with human hormone. PMID- 7372407 TI - Synthesis of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid and its derivatives via Mannich-base condensation. AB - This report describes the synthesis of N alpha-formyl and N alpha benzyloxycarbonyl-gamma, gamma-di-t-butyl-gamma-carboxyglutamic acid via Mannich base condensation starting from di-t-butyl malonate and diethylformamido or benzyloxycarbonylamidomalonate. PMID- 7372409 TI - Predictor for sulfur-aromatic interactions in globular proteins. AB - The predictor, Y = 2.54 (formula: see text), where Y is the number of sulfur aromatic interactions in a globular protein and N is the total number of amino acids in the protein, accounts for 75% of the variation in this type of interaction that occurs in 22 globular proteins whose three-dimensional structure has been determined. We find that S-pi interactions are not random events but rather are the outcome of a competition between the dipolar groups, amides and sulfur-containing, for ring neighbors. This outcome is strongly weighted in favor of S-pi interactions by the presence in the protein of positively charged side chains; it is not affected by the number of strictly non-polar side-chains. PMID- 7372410 TI - Isolation and characterization of three lutropin isohormones from the pituitary gland of the ostrich (Struthio camelus). AB - Avian lutropin has been isolated from pituitary glands of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) in three homogeneous forms (designated isohormones). The different homogeneous forms of ostrich lutropin were characterized physically and chemically in terms of molecular weight, electrophoretic mobility, isoelectric points, amino acid and carbohydrate composition. From these characteristics it was evident that the isohormones are very similar. The differences between these isohormones can be attributed to differences in carbohydrate composition, especially sialic acid. PMID- 7372411 TI - Stereochemical studies on cyclic peptides. Part XI. Conformation of cyclic pentapeptides having intramolecular 3 leads to 1 hydrogen bonds. AB - Conformational analysis of cyclic pentapeptides having two intra-ring 3 leads to 1 hydrogen bonds has been carried out. It is found that the structure can easily be formed with trans planar peptide units without causing significant angular strain at the alpha-carbon atoms. Four different types of conformations designated Types I--IV are possible for the backbone structure. Details of these four types of conformations and also the accommodating possibility of these types for allglycyl and all-alanyl residues are presented. Three of the four types have relatively low energies for glycyl residues whereas the other one has a slightly higher energy. When alanyl residues are introduced at the five alpha-carbon atoms, the types that are energetically favourable depend upon the sequence of isomers. Energy calculations have also been carried out for the combinations of glycyl, L- and D-alanyl residues. The theoretical results are compared with available experimental observations both from solution and solid state studies. PMID- 7372412 TI - Autoradiographic pattern of 3H-fucose incorporation in the developing mouse retina. AB - Light microscopic autoradiography was used to study the pattern of glycoprotein labeling following intravitreal injection of 3H-fucose in the developing mouse retina. Autoradiograms from three postnatal age groups (7-day, 12-day, and adult) were examined. Distinct labeling patterns were observed in all three age groups which followed the general scheme of incorporation into cell bodies followed by localization in the synaptic layers. Thus, 1 to 2 hr after injection, the label was present in all layers but concentrated within the cell bodies of amacrine, ganglion, and horizontal cells in P7 and P12 animals and amacrine and ganglion cells in the adult animals. In all age groups, the synaptic layers showed increased incorporation compared to nuclear layers and a greater retention of glycoproteins. The major differences noted during development were that the turnover rate of 3H-fucose was faster in 7-day animals than in the P12 or adult animals. PMID- 7372414 TI - Ocular pigmentation in white and Siamese cats. AB - Ocular pigmentation in white cats with blue and yellow eyes and in Siamese cats was examined ophthalmoscopically and histologically. Yellow-eyed white cats had entirely normal ocular pigmentation. Blue eyes of white cats had normal pigmentation of the iridial and retinal pigment epithelia but no stromal pigmentation of the iris or choroid. This deficit is apparently due to the absence of stromal pigment cells, certainly in the iris. As a general rule, the blue eye of white cats had no tapetum. Siamese cats had reduced pigmentation of the iridial and retinal pigment epithelia and no stromal pigmentation of the iris or choroid. The lack of pigmentation is apparently due to the inability of stromal pigment cells to produce pigment, certainly in the iris. We conclude that the abnormality of visual pathways previously described in the Siamese cat is not due simply to a deficiency of pigment of cells of neural crest origin. PMID- 7372413 TI - Development of rectus muscles during fetal life: insertion sites and width. PMID- 7372415 TI - Thiol oxidation in the crystalline lens. I. The rate-limiting role of hexokinase in aging rat and human lenses. AB - Reduction of nonprotein disulfides required both glucose or glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). However, hexokinase (HK) was found to be the rate-limiting step: the glucose-supported reduction rate was only 50% of that of G6P-supported activity. This disulfide-reducing activity seemed to decline in the aging lens. Further, the glucose-supported activity dropped substantially if HK was deactivated with diamide; the deactivation was partially reversible. HK activity in aging clear and cataractous human lenses had greatly diminished. This might explain the disproportionate decrease in glucose supported reduction in the aging lens. The components of the disulfide-reducing mechanism in human lens were reviewed and discussed. PMID- 7372416 TI - Heterotransplantation of human choroidal melanoma into the athymic "nude" mouse. AB - The investigation of the structure and behavior of malignant melanoma of the uveal tract in man has been limited by the lack of a ready source of human tumor and an animal model in which the tumor resembles that in the human choroid. We now report the observation that fresh surgical specimens of human choroidal melanoma can be successfully transplanted into the posterior segment of the "nude" mouse (a homozygous mutant, nu/nu, with a defect in cellular immunity) and can be serially transplanted. This model utilizing human melanoma should be useful for the study of the natural history of this disease, as well as the response to various chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 7372417 TI - The effect of ascorbic acid on experimental acid burns of the rabbit cornea. AB - The corneas of albino rabbits were subjected to 45 sec, 12 mm, 2.3N hydrochloric acid burns. Of 18 eyes in nine rabbits receiving no treatment (controls), 11 (61%) developed ulceration sometimes progressing to descemetoceles and perforation. Of 17 eyes in nine rabbits receiving a daily subcutaneous injection of ascorbic acid (0.5 gm/kg), only one eye (5.9%) developed an anterior stromal ulcer. The difference in incidence of ulceration between the control and ascorbate-treated eyes was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). The aqueous humor level of ascorbate in untreated animals was 6.0 +/- 0.6 mg/dl compared to 33.0 +/- 2.7 in the treated group. This study therefore demonstrates that subcutaneous administration of ascorbic acid significantly raises the aqueous humor level of ascorbic acid in severely acid-burned eyes, thereby largely preventing the characteristic development of corneal ulceration. The mechanism of this effect is presumably the same as previously described for alkali-burned eyes. PMID- 7372418 TI - Assessment of vision in young children: a new operant approach yields estimates of acuity. AB - Behavorial assessment of visual function is now possible in 6- to 24-month-old children through the use of an operant preferential looking technique. Use of the technique to measure grating acuity shows that acuity develops from 6 to 8 min arc at 6 months of age to near adult levels by 2 years. PMID- 7372419 TI - Intracranial ring lesions: can we differentiate by computed tomography? AB - The ability to differentiate brain abscess, brain tumor (primary and metastatic), and cerebral vascular accident (CVA) using the patient's age, ten ring lesion image-parameters, and two mathematical algorithms (Bayes theorem and linear discriminant function analysis) was evaluated. From the eleven patients/image parameters, a subset of six parameters was found which could partially separate the patients having those three diseases in which ring lesions occurred. The correctness of the individual disease classifications was as follows: abscess (84% accuracy), tumor (96% accuracy), and CVA (17% accuracy). The ordered list of parameters which were found to be best for separating the diseases were 1) ring thickness variability, 2) patient's age, 3) outside ring diameter, 4) average value of CT numbers in ring center, 5) maximum ring thickness, and 6) lesion (edema)-to-ring ratio. The overall classification accuracy was 86%. Three additional subsets of six parameters were identified which were disease-specific; each subset, however, was slightly different for each disease. These data are useful both for diagnosis and for identifying lesion parameters which are disease specific and therefore deserving of further experimental or observational analysis. PMID- 7372420 TI - Thoracic metastases from cervical carcinoma: current status. AB - Thoracic metastases from squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix were studied by reviewing 245 consecutive cases to describe comparative incidence, natural history, and radiographic patterns. The incidence of chest metastases was higher for adenocarcinoma (20%) than for squamous carcinoma (4%). Few patients diagnosed in the early stages of squamous carcinoma developed metastases; for adenocarcinoma, chest metastases occurred regardless of the stage at diagnosis. For both histologies, parenchymal (often cavitary) nodules only were seen; lymphangitic pattern was not observed. Both adenopathy and malignant effusion are common (44% of metastases) in thoracic metastasis from squamous carcinoma. Adenopathy but not effusion was common in adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7372421 TI - Vascular resistance changes distal to progressive arterial stenosis: a critical re-evaluation of the concept of vasodilator reserve. AB - Previous studies have shown that with progressive arterial stenosis, resting blood flow does not start to diminish until 85-95% luminal area stenosis is reached. However, during hyperemic states, peak flow starts to diminish at only 40-60% stenosis. An autoregulatory mechanism has been postulated, whereby peripheral arterioles undergo compensatory vasodilatation, thereby maintaining resting flow. During hyperemia, some vasodilator reserve is presumably already used up, resulting in flow dropoff at an earlier stage. We measured flow and pressure and calculated peripheral vascular resistance (Rp) distal to progressive iliac artery stenoses in five dogs. Contrast injections proximal to the stenoses allowed precise angiographic quantitation of the lesions and provided reproducible hyperemic stimuli. Flow-stenosis relationships proved similar to those discussed above, but Rp distal to the lesions failed to show progressive decrease as stenosis increased. Thus, compensatory peripheral vasodilatation does not occur during most phases of progressive arterial stenosis. The contours of resting and hyperemic flow-stenosis curves are not related to the concept of vasodilator reserve but instead are readily explained by basic hydrodynamic principles. PMID- 7372422 TI - Balloon-occlusion superior mesenteric arteriography for improved visualization of the mesenteric and portal venous anatomy of dogs. AB - The superior mesenteric arteries of twelve dogs were occluded with an inflated balloon on the tip of an endhole catheter while diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium (Renografin 76) was injected distal to the occlusion. The balloon was immediately deflated at the end of contrast injection. Films taken over a 33-second period showed consistently excellent visualization of the mesenteric arteries and veins as well as the portal veins. Comparison with studies performed by the conventional, nonocclusion technique confirmed the superiority of the films obtained with the balloon occlusion method. Histologic examination of the mesenteric artery at the site of balloon inflation and of the small and large bowel revealed no abnormalities. PMID- 7372423 TI - External evaluation of regional cardiac lymph drainage in intact dogs. AB - After coronary occlusion, interruption of cardiac lymphatic flow reduces the proportion of creatine kinase depleted from the heart appearing in blood. Accordingly, characterization of cardiac lymph flow should be helpful in refining enzymatic estimates of infarct size. In the present study, 99mTc-sulfur colloid, a potential tracer for imaging cardiac lymphatic structures, was injected intramurally into selected regions of the heart in 17 dogs. Serial images of the chest were obtained for 24 hours with a scintillation camera, after which the animals were killed and the cardiac and other mediastinal nodes removed and assayed for radioactivity. Analysis of the images and counts in vitro demonstrated a consistent drainage pathway between the anterior left ventricular wall and the cardiac node. Other areas of the heart exhibited variable drainage patterns. After injection into the anterior left ventricular wall, in both open chest dogs (n = 3) and in closed-chest dogs via a percutaneous, subxiphoid approach (n = 3) with a specially designed, collared needle, the cardiac node was visualized within 2 minutes. Activity in the cardiac node region reached a peak within 40 minutes in five of six dogs and accumulated greater than 1000 counts/min in five of six dogs before plateauing. In three additional dogs subjected to cardiac lymphatic occlusion five or six days prior to anterior left ventricular injection, appearance of radioactivity in the cardiac node was markedly delayed and maximum activity was far less than that in controls. Thus, regional cardiac lymph flow from the anterior left ventricular wall can be assessed semiquantitatively with a radionuclide imaging technique, potentially useful in refinement of enzymatic estimates of infarct size. PMID- 7372424 TI - In vivo barium microangiography in the mouse. AB - Barium microangiography is an accepted method for study of the microcirculation. Nonetheless, no method has been previously described for use in mouse models of renal microangiopathy. Using a midline abdominal approach on each of seven anesthetized A/J mice, we inserted a No. 27 lymphangiogram needle into the infrarenal aorta. Using a Harvard pump, the animals were perfused first with 20 ml of 1% glutaraldehyde, then 20 ml of 10% barium sulfate suspension, at 150 mmHg constant pressure. Kidney sections were radiographed onto high-resolution glass plates. Photomicrographs of these images were then enlarged to 5 x 7-inch prints, from which we derived our observations. We observed the normal branching pattern of the renal microcirculation. Mean interlobular artery diameter was 31.89 +/- 2.12 micron SD. Afferent arterioles tapered to a mean preglomerular diameter of 13.55 +/- 1.64 micron. Mean glomerular area was measured to be 2945 +/- 233 sq micron. We have developed a method of renal barium microangiography in the mouse. Desirable features of the technique include its performance on living animals and resolution sufficient to permit objective measurements of microvascular structures. PMID- 7372425 TI - High-resolution computed tomography of the normal rat nephrogram. AB - This study describes a unique, film-recorded computed tomography (CT) system and its use in studying contrast flow between anatomic compartments of the rat kidney. The CT apparatus, composed of a microfocal spot tube, rotating animal carrier, film-cassette translator, and control electronics, was used to expose "sinograms" of 3:1 magnification through the kidneys of normal rats prior to and 2, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after intravenous contrast injection. Microdensitometry and computer reconstruction resulted in CT images representing 1-mm thick coronal sections with lateral resolution of 150 micron. With this novel technique of ultrahigh-resolution CT, temporal alterations in absorption coefficient of cortical and medullary nephrographic components were depicted for contrast flow study in our small animal model. PMID- 7372426 TI - Hepatic CT contrast enhancement: effect of dose, duration of infusion, and time elapsed following infusion. AB - Contrast enhancement of the liver of anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated rabbits was measured during suspended respiration prior to, during, and after the intravenous infusion of meglumine diatrizoate at doses of 208, 416, and 624 mg I/kg. Infusion time was 30 seconds, and, at the highest dose, infusion times of 1, 2, and 4 minutes were also used. Highest contrast enhancement values were obtained at the conclusion of each infusion, with contrast enhancement increasing proportionately with increase in dose. Highest enhancement was obtained at all times studied from the most rapid infusion. Unlike cranial CT, optimum hepatic contrast enhancement in body CT requires rapid contrast medium injection with immediate CT scanning with a very fast scanner. PMID- 7372428 TI - The current status of upper gastrointestinal radiology. PMID- 7372429 TI - The histochemical localization of acid phosphatase in human fetal urethral and prostatic epithelium. AB - Acid phosphatase activity was studied with light and electron microscopic histochemical techniques in the epithelium of the urogenital system of human fetuses 7 to 13 weeks of age. Acid phosphatase activity was present throughout the period in the epithelium of the urogenital sinus except in the posterior part near the openings of the mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts; these ducts showed very little or no activity. The prostatic epithelium appearing in the 10th week showed lysosomal acid phosphatase activity and a few of its cells showed acid phosphatase-positive apical granules suggesting the appearance of secretory acid phosphatase. The finding that the acid phosphatase activity of the urethral epithelium on colliculus seminalis differs from that elsewhere may indicate a different origin or a different response to maternal or fetal hormones. PMID- 7372427 TI - The effect of bilirubin on biliary iodipamide excretion in the dog. AB - The effect of bilirubin on biliary iodipamide excretion and concentration was investigated in cholecystectomized dogs during complete bile diversion and constant bile salt replacement. A significant dose-dependent depression of both biliary iodipamide excretion rate and bile iodipamide concentration was found with increasing bilirubin dose. Whether or not bilirubin was infused at a constant of 0.1 mu moles/min/kg, the excretion rate and bile concentration of iodipamide was greatest with the largest 5.2 mu moles/min/kg iodipamide dose. Iodipamide had no significant effect on the bilirubin excretion rate, but because of its highly choleretic nature it had a dilution effect on the bilirubin bile concentration. This investigation suggests that a reduction of the iodipamide blood levels by either decreasing the dose or prolonging the infusion time will lead to poorer radiographic visualization of the biliary system in patients with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (prehepatic jaundice). PMID- 7372430 TI - Hormonal effect of subcapsular orchiectomy versus total orchiectomy. AB - We conducted a controlled comparison to determine if subcapsular orchiectomy is as effective as conventional total orchiectomy in lowering serum testosterone in male rats. Both methods were effective. Our data refute earlier clinical reports and substantiate recent clinical studies. PMID- 7372433 TI - Effect of age on contractility of guinea pig ureter. AB - Longitudinal force-length relationships of guinea pig ureter were studied in vitro in animals 3 weeks, 3 months, and 3 years of age. Distal segments of 3-week olds underwent a greater per cent increase in length in response to an applied resting force than those from older age groups. Resting force-length relations of proximal segments were unaffected by age. Active force was higher in distal segments at all ages and at all lengths. Maximum active force increased with age. The increase in force developed between 3 weeks and 3 months of age seemed to be attributable to an increase in contractility since there was an associated increase in active stress; the increase developed between the 3-month- and 3-year olds was associated with increased muscle cross-sectional area but with no change in active stress. This finding suggests that no change in contractility occurred during this time interval. PMID- 7372431 TI - Calcium oxalate crystal growth. A new constant composition method for modelling urinary stone formation. AB - A new highly reproducible method is described for the study of calcium oxalate crystal growth. After well-characterized seed material is added to stable supersaturated solutions of calcium oxalate, calcium and oxalate ion concentrations are maintained constant by the simultaneous automatic addition of reagent solutions containing these ions, controlled by a specific ion calcium electrode probe. This method simulates in vivo conditions and the influence of potential inhibitors, including urines, can be conveniently studied in terms of a simple Langmuir adsorption isotherm. For comparison of different urine samples, only a single mineralization experiment is required. PMID- 7372432 TI - The role of prostaglandins in the maintenance of the tone of the rabbit urinary bladder. AB - The effects of bladder distension on the production of prostaglandins (PGs) were studied in an isolated rabbit bladder preparation. Increasing bladder distensions induced a proportional release of PGs together with a parallel increase in endovesical pressure; pretreatment with indomethacin prevented both. Infusion of exogenous PGs into the arteries of bladders previously filled and treated with indomethacin produced a rise in endovesical pressure similar to that observed subsequent to distension of the untreated bladder. Our results suggest that PGs and particularly PGE2 play a role in the maintenance of vesical tone during distension. PMID- 7372434 TI - Basal cell proliferation and differentiation in regeneration of the rat ventral prostate. AB - To determine the nature of the proliferative response of the rat ventral prostate to partial excision, parts of each lobe were excised and the residual tissue examined by light and electron microscopy. This first evidence of regrowth was the appearance of squamous cells in tubules near the wound surface with concurrent stromal proliferation but no hyperplasia of deeper tissue. A cribriform pattern of alveoli subsequently developed. Transmission electron microscopy revealed transformation of basal cells into squamous cells that contained ribosomes, polyribosomes, numerous mitochondria, tonofibrils, small to moderate amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, a prominent Golgi apparatus, and multivesicular bodies. These findings indicate that the regenerative response consists of basal cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia that is limited to the wound surface and to those tubules continuous with it. PMID- 7372435 TI - Experimental obstructive hydronephrosis in newborn rats. I. Surgical technique and long-term morphologic effects. AB - Partial obstruction of one ureter was created in newborn rats and its effects were studied in the adult rat. The obstructed renal pelvis was found to be enlarged 10x. The parenchymal weight of this kidney was reduced by 8 per cent, primarily because of destruction of the papilla, and was completely compensated for by hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney. A high correlation was found between true volumes and areas on urography. The turnover time for urine in the hydronephrotic pelvis ranged from 47 to 473 min. The implications of this measurement for clearance values are discussed. PMID- 7372436 TI - Factors affecting antibiotic concentrations in bladder urine. AB - High, but transient, antibiotic levels are achieved in bladder urine if a rapidly excreted agent is given to a patient with frequency of micturition and a normal residual bladder volume. Lower, but more prolonged levels are achieved if the drug is slowly excreted, if micturition is infrequent, or if the residual volume is increased. The magnitude of these effects has been calculated mathematically for various combinations of circumstances. Such considerations have implications for treatment, particularly with drugs, such as the beta-lactam group, that are rapidly excreted into urine. PMID- 7372437 TI - Localization of alkaline and acid phosphatases in healthy human adrenal cortex. Light and electron microscopic study. AB - Localization of alkaline and acid phosphatase activity was investigated in healthy human adrenal cortex by light and electron microscopy. The activity of both was found in the inner part of the adrenal cortex--mainly in the reticular zone. The reaction products of alkaline phosphatase were observed along the plasma membrane and those of acid phosphatase were observed mainly in the lysosomes and secretory vacuoles. The heavier deposit of phosphatase reaction products in the reticular zone may be explained by the fact that the reticular zone is most active in the steroidogenesis of glucocorticoid and adrenal androgen. PMID- 7372438 TI - Autologous clot embolization to control renal hemorrhage from trauma. Relationship of clot volume to renal infarction. AB - To study the effectiveness of clot embolization in the control of renal hemorrhage, lower pole trauma was applied to 12 pigs, after which autologous clot at varying volumes was injected per catheter into the segmental artery. Renal infarction resulted in all animals and its degree clearly related to the volume of clot embolized. Embolized clot controlled hemorrhage in all cases regardless of volume used. PMID- 7372439 TI - Diethylstilbestrol di-trimethylacetate (DSTMA). A long-acting estrogen. AB - A series of estradiol and diethylstilbestrol (DES) esters was prepared as part of a study of the structure-activity relations in estrogens. Among the esters tested, DES di-trimethylacetate (DSTMA) exhibited the most favorable combination of a low minimum-effective dose and prolongation of effect in all experimental groups (mice, rats, dogs). Toxicity of DSTMA was low. A clinical trial in four stage III and stage IV prostatic cancer patients showed that dosage levels of DSTMA as high as 75 mg per day for short periods were well tolerated and no toxic symptoms attributable to the estrogen itself were observed. PMID- 7372440 TI - Estimation of renal pelvic volume in free urinary flow and in ureteral stasis. An experimental study in the rabbit. AB - At urography the radiopacity of the pelvis increases with the product of iodine concentration of the urine and its layer thickness. The layer thickness is proportional to the third root of the volume. Using this knowledge, we estimated the volume of the renal pelvis in rabbits and found it to be proportional to the diuresis up to a level of approximately 0.8 ml per min, after which a maximal dilatation seemed to be reached. By this means, the estimated density of the renal pelvis can be calculated. This model of evaluating urographic contrast agents is thought to be more appropriate than and complementary to the mere determination of urinary iodine concentration. PMID- 7372441 TI - Heterotransplantation of human upper urinary tract tumors in nude mice. AB - Eight human upper urinary tract tumors were transplanted subcutaneously into congenitally athymic nude mice. Subcutaneous growth was obtained in three (NKPP 1, NKPP 2, and NKPU 1) at initial transplantation and they were all serially passaged up to 29, 28, and 5 passages, respectively. Their histologic appearances were similar to those of the originals. These established strains with high transplantability and differing degrees of thromboplastic and fibrinolytic activities will provide a useful model system for studying anticancer therapies and biological characteristics of upper urinary tract tumors. PMID- 7372442 TI - Lysozyme and albumin radioimmunoassays. New techniques for the study of proteinuria. AB - To facilitate the study of mechanisms and patterns of proteinuria, radioimmunoassays for human lysozyme (LZM) and albumin (alb) were established to permit quantitation of physiologic amounts of these proteins in urine. Commercially available LZM and alb preparations were radiolabeled with I125, and single antibody, competitive protein binding assays were developed. Separation of free and antibody-bound radioprotein was achieved with 20 per cent polyethylene glycol. LZM and alb 24-hr excretion rates for 12 normal subjects were 7 to 64 microgram and 2.3 to 16.1 mg, respectively. Of 6 renal disease patients with undetectable urine LZM by bioassay, 5 were shown to have elevated LZM concentrations by radioimmunoassay. The ease of establishing and performing these assays and their reproducibility suggest that they may have clinical and investigative value. PMID- 7372443 TI - Endocrine manipulation of the Dunning prostatic adenocarcinoma. AB - The Dunning animal model was used to evaluate endocrine management of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Hypophysectomy, alone or in combination, and orchiectomy plus stilbestrol were the most effective means of suppressing tumor growth. Medical adrenalectomy by aminoglutethimide administration was as effective as surgical ablation. Accessary organ weights bore no direct relationship to the inhibition of tumor growth. PMID- 7372444 TI - Limited value of the thermal inactivation point, longevity in vitro and dilution endpoint as criteria for the characterization, identification and classification of plant viruses. AB - Published data on the thermostability, longevity in vitro, and tolerance to dilution of viruses in sap from infected plants have been analyzed. It appears that none of these properties is a reliable criterion for virus classification or identification. PMID- 7372445 TI - The relationship of certain tymoviruses assessed from the amino acid composition of their coat proteins. AB - The amino acid composition of the coat proteins of the following viruses is reported: Andean potato latent, clitoria yellow vein, desmodium yellow mottle, dulcamara mottle, eggplant mosaic, okra mosaic, ononis yellow mosaic, scrophularia mottle, and, as controls, cocksfoot mild mosaic and cocksfoot mottle viruses. These data, together with some already published, were used to compute classifications of the tymoviruses. These classifications show a general similarity to Koenig's serological classification of the tymoviruses, but the correlation is poor, unlike similar comparisons of tobamovirus classifications. Several possible reasons for the poor correlation have been examined and excluded, and its implications are discussed. PMID- 7372447 TI - Epidemiology of plasma digoxin concentrations in three patient populations. PMID- 7372446 TI - Isolation of dimeric glycoprotein subunits from tick-borne encephalitis virus. AB - Crosslinking of tick-borne encephalitis virus with dimethylsuberimidate followed by SDS-PAGE analysis yielded polymers of the core protein V2 and the viral glycoprotein V3, both in continuously decreasing amounts. As the two structural entities of flaviviruses - cores and viral envelope - are apparently crosslinked independently from one another, we employed this property to study the action of different detergents at various concentrations on either the viral envelope or core. Triton X-100 and octylglucoside had no influence on the core but did dissociate the envelope into a V3-dimer. Centrifugation in density gradients containing these detergents yielded a 5-6S lipid-free hemagglutinating subunit which most probably represents a V3-dimer. In the presence of Triton X-100 this complex contains V1 in addition to V3. PMID- 7372448 TI - Congenital type II fibre deficient myopathy. PMID- 7372451 TI - The sign of fluctuation in the testis and in other normal organs. PMID- 7372449 TI - Q fever in the Republic of Ireland: an update. PMID- 7372450 TI - HLA types in liver disease in the West of Ireland. PMID- 7372452 TI - Prenatal diagnosis for sex choice. PMID- 7372454 TI - Ethics and regulation. PMID- 7372455 TI - On ethics, gyroscopes, and radar sets. PMID- 7372453 TI - Refusing medication in mental hospitals. PMID- 7372456 TI - Five moral imperatives of government regulation. PMID- 7372457 TI - Regulation: a substitute for morality. PMID- 7372458 TI - Regulation and the professions. PMID- 7372459 TI - Equity in compensation: the case of swine flu. PMID- 7372460 TI - Carcinogen testing & public information. PMID- 7372461 TI - Learning to deceive. PMID- 7372462 TI - Who risks what in social research? PMID- 7372463 TI - Professional protectionism rides again. PMID- 7372464 TI - Ethics and editors. PMID- 7372465 TI - The hospital's duty and rape victims. PMID- 7372466 TI - Breast cancer: the treatment of choice. PMID- 7372467 TI - Foreign aid for abortion. PMID- 7372468 TI - Freud's impact on modern morality. PMID- 7372469 TI - Updating the law: premarital syphillis testing. PMID- 7372470 TI - Home care for dying children. PMID- 7372473 TI - Effect of isometheptene on the distribution and shunting of 15 microM microspheres throughout the cephalic circulation of the cat. PMID- 7372471 TI - Bioethics in the People's Republic of China. PMID- 7372472 TI - Subdural hematoma and cerebral infarction (non-hemorrhagic): relative efficacy of computerized tomography and brain scanning in their detection. PMID- 7372475 TI - Physiological, clinical and therapeutical basis of a new hypothesis for headache. PMID- 7372474 TI - Headache rounds. Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania: two new patients. PMID- 7372476 TI - A computer-based headache interview: acceptance by patients and physicians. PMID- 7372477 TI - The syndrome of aphasia, headaches, and left temporal spikes. PMID- 7372478 TI - Considerations on the use of propranolol in complicated migraine. PMID- 7372479 TI - Hyperresponsiveness of migraine patients to the hypotensive action of bromocriptine. PMID- 7372480 TI - Nonlymphatic leukemias and adult exposure to diagnostic X-rays: the evidence reconsidered. PMID- 7372481 TI - Oral chelation treatment of injected 241Am or 239Pu in rats. PMID- 7372482 TI - Estimation of dose due to accidental exposure to a 60Co therapy source. PMID- 7372483 TI - A personal dosimeter TLD badge based on CaSO4:Dy teflon TLD discs. PMID- 7372484 TI - Airborne radioactivity in buildings. PMID- 7372485 TI - The use of cuprous iodide as a precipitation matrix in the radiochemical determination of 131I in milk. PMID- 7372486 TI - Absorption of plutonium from the gastrointestinal tract of rats and guinea pigs after ingestion of alfalfa containing 238Pu. PMID- 7372487 TI - Effect of temperature and dissolved oxygen on uptake and retention of 54Mn in fish. PMID- 7372488 TI - The short-term retention of barium in man. PMID- 7372489 TI - Dependence of LIF: Mg optical absorption on temperature during X-ray irradiation. PMID- 7372490 TI - Germanium semiconductor detector efficiency determination using a standard Marinelli (reentrant) beaker geometry. PMID- 7372491 TI - Assay of tritium-filled glass microspheres by liquid scintillation counting. PMID- 7372492 TI - Response of a fast neutron criticality monitor to prompt critical bursts. PMID- 7372494 TI - Comments on "simplified calculation of a barrier thickness for scattered radiation for cobalt-60" by T. M. Miller and H. Cember. PMID- 7372493 TI - Age dependence of the risk of radiation induced fatal malignancies. PMID- 7372495 TI - Radiation dose to mouse testes from 239Pu. PMID- 7372496 TI - A functional status assessment instrument: validation in an elderly population. AB - This study examines the validity of a system of measuring functional status, an important determinant of quality of life. With a group of elderly people who suffer from arthritis, we found that scores in the dimensions of dependence, difficulty, and pain on performance of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) are positively correlated with client reports of joint conditions, ability to deal with their arthritis and attendant problems, and numbers of "good days." Instrument scores do not correlate with professional assessments of clients' joint condition or of their ability to deal with arthritis, although the two professional assessments correlate with each other. Thus it appears that client and professional definitions of joint condition differ; only the clients' definition relates to our measure of functional status. PMID- 7372497 TI - Sources of ambulatory care and utilization models. AB - For this study I gathered information on sources of ambulatory care and ambulatory care utilization, together with social, demographic, and health information. I applied a revision of Andersen's behavioral utilization model to all these data to try to explain patterns of ambulatory care utilization. Data are from a household survey of Rhode Island residents that was conducted in 1974. I have used multiple classification analysis (MCA), since the provider variable formed from the information on medical care sources is best conceptualized as being measured at a nominal level. It emphasizes both the number of different affiliations and the specialty and type of each affiliation. The MCA analysis with the provider set variable and the social, demographic, and need variables has a multiple R2 (adjusted) of 0.40. The most important explanatory variable is the number of conditions, a need variable; the next most important is the provider variable. This study demonstrates the value of variables that account for providers of care and ambulatory care patterns as well as measures of need and social and demographic variables in a complete model of utilization behavior. PMID- 7372498 TI - Estimates of demand elasticity and inferences as to market structure: a comment. PMID- 7372499 TI - Birth order, family size, and children's use of physician services. AB - The purpose of this study is to separate out the effects of number of siblings and birth order on children's use of physician services. Prior research has consistently revealed an inverse relationship between family size and physician visits, but the possible confounding influence of the child's ordinal position in the family has been ignored. Later born children may be taken to the doctor less often than first and other early borns because of their parents' increasing knowledgeability in regard to child care as well as their growing understanding of the uses and limitations of physician visits. On the assumption that part of the family size effect observed in prior research may have been due to the clustering of first and early borns in small families, an inverse relationship between birth order and physician utilization is hypothesized. Support for this hypothesis comes from an empirical study of 1,665 children from 587 families in which variation in family size is statistically controlled. PMID- 7372500 TI - The histochemistry of thiols and disulphides. IV. Protective fixation by organomercurial-formalin mixtures. AB - Formation of mercaptides as the result of adding organomercuric salts to neutral formalin used for fixation was found to protect protein thiols from autoxidation, provided the tissues were washed in distilled and not tap water. Such blocking, in contrast to that given by HgCl2, could be reversed quantitatively by mercaptoethanol made strongly acid to keep it from reducing disulphides. However, some cleavage of disulphides by the mercurials themselves caused slight artifactual thiol staining in a limited number of sites. Three of the nine compounds tested are sufficiently soluble to penetrate tissues with reasonable speed, stable enough to preclude more than incidental mercurial deposits and currently available commercially. Of them, the diuretic mercurial Mersalyl is at present the protecting agent of choice since methyl- and ethylmercuric chlorides are too toxic to recommend for routine use. PMID- 7372501 TI - The histochemical demonstration of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase activity with a semipermeable membrane technique. PMID- 7372502 TI - A comparison of [3H]galactose and [3H]fucose uptake with the morphological and histochemical changes observed in mucous secretion in chemically induced rat colonic carcinoma. AB - The alterations in carbohydrate metabolism which occur in the distal colon of rats during carcinogenesis induced by dimethylhydrazine were investigated using [3H]galactose and [3H]fucose as glycoprotein precursors. A statistically significant decrease in [3H]galactose uptake was observed in dysplastic epithelia. These findings are consistent with the alterations in mucin composition with predominance of sialomucins shown in these areas by histochemical methods. Furthermore, changes in the gradient of [3H]galactose incorporation along the crypt epithelium were also found in the histological and histochemically non-involved colonic mucosa of dimethylhydrazine-treated rats, as compared with controls. No significant variations were seen in [3H]fucose incorporation. These results correlate well with our previous histochemical observations and are further evidence of the profound alterations in glycoprotein synthesis affecting the whole colonic mucosa during carcinogenesis. PMID- 7372503 TI - A quantitative study of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity in unfixed tissue sections of the guinea-pig thyroid gland. AB - A post-coupling procedure for the quantitative measurement of N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase activity in unfixed tissue sections of guinea-pig thyroid is described. The method depends on the cleaving of a naphthol AS-BI substrate and the insoluble reaction product is post-coupled with Fast Garnet GBC salt (in acetate buffer, pH 6.2) at 4 degrees C. Even though this enzyme is localized in the lysosomes, an inert colloid stabiliser, polyvinyl alcohol (G18/140) is included in the reaction medium to allow the use of the optimal substrate concentration (0.5 mg/ml) whilst employing a low concentration (5%) of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. The high molecular weight (90 000) grade of polyvinyl alcohol used did not stabilize the lysosomal membrane, although a lower molecular weight (15 000) grade of polyvinyl alcohol (G04/140) may do. The enzyme activity was not affected by the metal ions Ca2+ and Zn2+ and was totally abolished by the specific inhibitor 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-gluconolactone. PMID- 7372504 TI - Effects of acetic acid-alcohol, trypsin, histone 1 and histone fragments on Giemsa staining patterns in chromosomes. AB - In an effort to minimize subjective bias, a classification scheme was devised to assess Giemsa staining patterns obtained with experiments involving acetic acid alcohol and exogenously applied histone 1 and polypeptides. A single rinse of metaphase preparations with acetic acid-alcohol quantitatively reduced Giemsa dye binding. Acid-alcohol irreversibly changed the conformation of H1 and its ability to interfere with trypsin G-banding. Our results suggest that, in addition to protein extraction, acid-alcohol may alter the conformation of acid-insoluble components of metaphase chromosomes. The carboxy-terminal polypeptide (residues 73--212) from NBS cleavage of H1 was an effective inhibitor of Giemsa staining and trypsin G-banding. However, this polypeptide which is preferential for supercoiled DNA was much less efficient in inhibiting Giemsa staining of trypsinized metaphase chromosomes. The molecular consequences of these experiments are discussed. PMID- 7372505 TI - Noradrenergic innervation of the heart in untreated and daunomycin-pretreated animals. AB - The innervation of guinea-pig and rat cardiac tissue consists of thin noradrenergic axons running parallel to the myocardial fibres and producing well developed fluorescent networks which are denser in guinea-pig tissue. Transverse sections of arterial vessels exhibit a marked polar-like disposition of adrenergic nerves, which mainly appear to be concentrated in two opposite areas. Tissue sections from daunomycin-treated animals fluoresced a striking orange-red. This drug-specific fluorescence emanated from all parts of the ventricular tissue, with particular intensity in the nuclei. Neither the density nor the shape of the adrenergic nerves were affected by treatment with the drug. Despite penetration and storage of the antibiotic into the ventricular tissue, cardiotoxicity was not found in the present study. PMID- 7372506 TI - Improved method for detection of cellular transcripts by in situ hybridization: detection of poly (A) sequences in individual cells. AB - A method for detecting RNA base sequences in individual cells by in situ hybridization with radioactive probes and autoradiography was developed. Cells are fixed with glutaraldehyde at low concentration and deproteinization of fixed target molecules with acid is omitted. Hybridization is carried out in acetate buffer, at low pH, and unhybridized molecules are digested with enzymes prior to autoradiographic exposure. In order to test the specificity of the autoradiographic labelling obtained under these conditions, 3H-poly(U) was hybridized to poly (A) sequences from fixed cells and in vitro and in situ hybridization were compared. It was found that the hybridization reaction of poly(U) in situ obeyed the expectations for such a reaction in solution in that it occurred under the same conditions of ionic strength and temperature, exhibited fast kinetics, was reversed by heat and was sensitive to competition from cold poly(U) but not from other macromolecules. On the other hand, some factors which promote artefactual attachment of probes were identified. PMID- 7372507 TI - Failure to demonstrate rat hippocampus adenylate cyclase. AB - The fate of ATP exposed to rat hippocampal extracts was investigated after their separation by a microdisc electrophoresis tenhnique. It could be demonstrated that the histochemical adenylate cyclase procedure using ATP as substrate is not suitable for specific localization of the enzyme, since other ATP hydrolysing enzymes were also able to convert ATP unless the concentrations of inhibitors reached 1 mM (ouabain) and 40 mM (NaF). With a prolonged incubation time of 18 h further substrate splitting protein zones could be revealed, possibly reflecting activities of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of degradation products of ATP. PMID- 7372509 TI - Demonstration of enzymes in cells cultured on semipermeable membrane in a double chamber. AB - The description is presented of a simple device for short-term cell culturing on semipermeable membrane for the histochemical demonstration of total enzyme activities. The results are given of lysosomal enzyme detection in HeLa cells. PMID- 7372510 TI - Effect of platelet depletion on lung vascular permeability after microemboli in sheep. AB - To test whether platelets are necessary for the increased vascular permeability associated with microemboli, we used 16 anesthetized sheep in which we measured lung lymph flow, pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures, thermodilution cardiac output, and lymph/plasma protein concentration. Injecting glass bead microemboli (200 micrometers diam) until pulmonary vascular resistance increased to three times base-line values caused lung lymph flow to increase at nearly constant lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio that is characteristic of increased microvascular permeability. Antiplatelet serum alone caused transient increases in pulmonary vascular resitance and lung lymph flow, but produced no change in steady-state lung fluid balance. After depleting platelets by greater than 97%, tripling pulmonary vascular resistance with emboli resulted in increases in lung lymph and protein flow comparable to that seen in untreated sheep. We injected twice the amount of beads in thrombocytopenic sheep compared to untreated sheep. We conclude that, although platelets do augment the pulmonary hypertension after emboli, they are not essential for the microemboli vascular injury. PMID- 7372508 TI - Ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase activity in sheep parathyroid gland. AB - The histochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase in sheep parathyroid gland was investigated using light and electron microscopy. The reaction products of enzyme activity were observed by light microscopy in pericytes. By electron microscopy they were limited to the intercellular spaces between the gland cells, being exclusively confined to the external surface of plasma membrane. PMID- 7372511 TI - Role of exercise in inducing increases in skeletal muscle fiber number. PMID- 7372512 TI - Effect of dichloroacetate on plasma lactic acid in exercising dogs. AB - Dichloroacetate sodium (DCA) has been shown to reduce circulating levels of lactic acid (LA) under a variety of experimental and clinical conditions. We have examined the effect of DCA on the lactacidemia of exercise in treadmill-exercised dogs. One group of animals (n = 8) was tested at light, moderate, and heavy exercise work loads. Plasma LA, 19 +/- 2mg/dl at rest, increased to 26 +/- 4, 38 +/- 5, and 52 +/- 6 mg/dl during the three workloads, respectively. In the same animals, when identical treadmill tests were conducted after DCA (100 mg/kg, iv), the rise in LA was significantly attenuated. Lactic acid values were 11 +/- 2 mg/dl at rest after DCA and 15 +/- 2, 20 +/- 4, and 23 +/- 3 mg/dl for the light, moderate, and heavy workloads, respectively. Another group of dogs (n = 6) performed prolonged moderate exercise. Under untreated conditions, LA increased from 24 +/- 1 mg/dl at rest, to 41 +/- 6 mg/dl at 10 min, and 50 +/- 5 mg/dl at 50 min. During repeat tests, DCA was given at 12 min when LA was 30 +/- 6 mg/dl. At 50 min, LA was 18 +/- 3 mg/dl or 60% lower than that observed during the untreated run. Because DCA has been shown to increase pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme activity, these data suggest that this enzyme may be an important factor in LA metabolism during exercise. PMID- 7372513 TI - Respiratory mechanics and timing during sleep in occlusive sleep apnea. AB - Six human obese subjects with the sleep apnea hypersomnolence syndrome associated with upper airway occlusion (UAO) were studied during sleep to characterize respiration. Measurements included the timing components of ventilation, pulmonary resistance, flow, and esophageal and gastric pressures before and during UAOs. During the period between UAOs, the resistance progressively increased (9.4-18.1 cmH2O/l(-1) . s, P less than 0.05) as the ventilation decreased (1.82-0.77 l/s, P less than 0.05), but without changes in esophageal pressure swings. During this period, inspiratory time-to-total cycle time decreased (0.42-0.25 s, P less than 0.05) due to expiratory phase prolongation. The apnea began after expiration and terminated on inspiration with the maximal swings in esophageal and gastric pressure near the termination. During the UAO, the respiratory cycle time decreased slightly, but the expiratory pause time was significantly shortened immediately before ventilation. We suggest that the UAO is but one aspect of this syndrome and that a decrease in central nervous system activity diminishes the respiratory drive before the onset of the UAO. PMID- 7372514 TI - Comparison of microvascular filtration characteristics in isolated and intact lungs. AB - To determine whether the microvascular membrane of isolated perfused dog lungs is damaged by the isolation procedure, we compared the filtration coefficient (Kf,c) and minimum capillary pressure (Pcc) required to cause continuous edema formation in 10 intact and 8 isolated dog lower left lobes. We used the same gravimetric technique to measure Kf,c and Pcc in both preparations. The Kf,c averaged 0.09 +/ 0.03 (SD) ml . min-1 . Torr-1 . 100 g-1 in the intact and 0.30 +/- 0.16 in the isolated lobes; Pcc averaged 20.1 +/- 4.7 and 1.7 +/- 3.6 Torr in the intact and isolated lobes, respectively. Both Pcc and Kf,c were significantly different in the two preparations (P less than 0.01). These data indicate that the increased tendency of isolated lungs to become edematous at lower pressures may be caused by damage to the microvascular membranes. PMID- 7372515 TI - Effect of edema on pulmonary blood flow in the isolated perfused dog lung lobe. AB - We determined the relationship between the amount of edema and changes in blood flow in the isolated, perfused, and ventilated lower lobe of dog lung. We held vascular pressure constant and measured lobe weight and flow continuously. Vascular pressures were set to produce minimal weight gain in four lobes (controls) and large weight gain in six lobes (edema). In all lobes, the outflow pressure exceeded alveolar pressure at end expiration (zone III conditions). The control lobes gained an average of 20% in weight over 4 h, but blood flow remained constant. They showed interstitial edema histologically and extravascular lung water was increased 38%. The edema lobes gained weight rapidly, ultimately tripling their weight. In these lobes, blood flow remained constant until lobe weight had doubled; then flow decreased progressively to low levels. These lobes showed extensive alveolar edema histologically and extravascular lung water was increased 238%. Pulmonary blood flow is not affected by interstitial edema, but is markedly reduced when alveolar flooding occurs. PMID- 7372516 TI - Analysis of pulmonary vascular interdependence in excised dog lobes. AB - The pressure-volume behavior of intraparenchymal extra-alveolar arteries and veins was measured at various lung inflation states by inflating and deflating the vasculatures with air. The vascular volumes at specific vascular pressures (Pv) and transpulmonary pressures (Ptp) were partitioned into components of axial length and cross-sectional area. An analysis of the interrelationships between the perivascular pressure (Px), the vascular pressure vs. cross-sectional area behavior, and the Ptp is presented. For in vivo values of Pv, at functional residual capacity, the vascular-parenchymal mechanical interaction was small and values of arterial and venous Px approximately Ppl. With increasing Ptp to 30 cmH2O, values of both the arterial and venous Px relative to Ppl (Px - Ppl) decreased to approximately -5 cmH2O, indicating that the magnitude of the vascular-parenchymal interaction with increasing Ptp is similar for both arteries and veins in the in vivo state. At any fixed Ptp, values of arterial and venous Px - Ppl decreased nearly linearly with decreasing vascular cross-sectional area. These results were generally consistent with a linear continuum elasticity solution relating stress and deformation in the perivascular parenchyma. PMID- 7372517 TI - A model for hypokinesia: effects on muscle atrophy in the rat. AB - Hypokinesia in the hindlimbs of rats were induced by suspension; a newly developed harness system was used. The animal was able to use its forelimbs to maneuver, within a 140 degrees arc, to obtain food and water and to permit limited grooming of the forequarters. The hindlimbs were nonload bearing for 7 days; following a 7-day period of hypodynamia, selected animals were placed in metabolic cages for 7 days to study recovery from hypokinesia. During the 7-day period of hypokinesia there was evidence of muscle atrophy. Gastrocnemius weight decreased, renal papillary urea content increased, and daily urinary losses of urea, NH3, and 3-methylhistidine increased. During the 7-day recovery period muscle mass and excretion rate of urea, NH3 and 3-methylhistidine returned to control levels. Calcium balance was positive throughout the 7-day period of hypokinesia. Hypertrophy of the adrenals suggested the occurrence of some level of stress despite the apparent behavioral adjustment to the suspension harness. It was concluded that significant muscle atrophy and parallel changes in nitrogen metabolism occur in suspended rats and these changes are readily reversible. PMID- 7372518 TI - Lung deformations at minimal volume. AB - Minimal volume (MV, gas plus tissue volume at zero transpulmonary pressure) was determined in excised dog lobes after inflation with air and with saline. MV was significantly greater in saline-filled lobes than air-filled lobes. Air inflation was performed with the lobe supported in two different ways, which were chosen to produce different deformations: 1) supported on the cephalic surface and 2) hung by strings attached to the cephalic surface. MV measured in hung lobes was significantly greater than MV measured in supported lobes. The problem of excised lobes deformed by gravity was analyzed in the two configurations using linear elasticity. The saline volume was assumed to be the stress-free state for the lobe, and the volume change was computed from the stress-free state due to the gravitational deformation. The analysis suggests that the difference between saline and air MV is due primarily to the gravitational deformation of air-filled lungs. PMID- 7372519 TI - Variable open-loop gain in the control of thermogenesis in cold-exposed rabbits. AB - We have previously demonstrated a multiplicative interaction between mean skin temperature (Tsk) and hypothalamic temperature (Thy) in the control of thermogenesis in cold exposed rabbits. Such a model predicts that open-loop gain will not be constant, but will vary according to the direction and degree of Thy displacements and to the prevailing level of Tsk when Thy is altered. Open-loop gain was calculated from steady-state displacements in body temperature induced by sustained step displacements in Thy. Hypothalamic temperature of rabbits was clamped at various levels ranging from 2 degrees C above to 3 degrees C below normal Thy and the resulting changes in rectal temperature attained at steady state were recorded. Experiments were conducted at ambient temperatures (Ta) of 2 degrees and 15 degrees C. Open-loop gain in response to hypothalamic heating was always greater than that obtained in response to equivalent levels of hypothalamic cooling. Furthermore, at lower levels of Tsk (Ta = 2 degrees C) open loop gain was greater for all levels of Thy displacement when compared to that measured at higher levels of Tsk (Ta = 15 degrees C). PMID- 7372520 TI - Upper airway patency in the human infant: influence of airway pressure and posture. AB - We have determined the influence of transmural pressure and neck posture on upper airway patency in infants after death. In natural resting postures, the airway was closed at transmural pressures not exceeding those normally seen during peak inspiratory airflow in the living infant, implying that a neuromuscular mechanism is necessary to maintain airway patency during life. Neck flexion raised closing pressure, making the airway more susceptible to collapse, whereas neck extension lowered closing pressure, making the airway more resistant to collapse. When the angle of flexion was kept constant, closing pressure was not significantly altered by turning the head or positioning the infant prone. Pressures above the corresponding closing pressure were required to reopen the closed airway, suggesting that the walls of the closed airway tended to adhere and implying that surface forces can impose an added load to airway-maintaining musculature during obstructive apnea in the living infant. PMID- 7372521 TI - Effect of prenatal isoxsuprine on pulmonary oxygen toxicity in the newborn rat. AB - Isoxsuprine, a beta-sympathomimetic agent used clinically to delay premature parturition and to possibly accelerate fetal lung maturation, was administered to pregnant rats at 48 and 24 h prior to delivery. Newborn rats were placed in 96 98% O2 (or room air) to determine if the prenatal isoxsuprine treatment compromised their tolerance to prolonged hyperoxic exposure. (Exogenous catecholamines are known to exacerbate O2 toxicity in adult animals). Survival of the isoxsuprine-treated pups in O2 (52%) was no different than for control neonates exposed to hyperoxia for 7 days (57%) (P = 0.22). Body weight, lung weight, lung protein, and DNA content of the newborns were also not altered by the prenatal isoxsuprine treatment. Lung antioxidant enzyme activities for superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were the same at birth in the isoxsuprine-treated and control rat pups, and the enzyme activities increased in response to hyperoxic exposure in each group to an equivalent degree. Thus, in utero treatment with isoxsuprine had no apparent adverse effect on newborn rats exposed to a prolonged O2 challenge. PMID- 7372522 TI - Bradykinin stimulates afferent vagal C-fibers in intrapulmonary airways of dogs. AB - Bradykinin is released in the lungs in asthma and pulmonary anaphylaxis. It has negligible direct bronchoconstrictor effects in humans or dogs, but inhaled as aerosol it causes cough and reflex bronchoconstriction in asthmatics and some normal subjects. The afferent nerves responsible for these reflex effects have not been identified. We recorded vagal impulses in anesthetized dogs to determine whether lung afferents were stimulated by bradykinin. C-fiber endings in the intrapulmonary airways accessible from the systemic circulation were stimulated by bradykinin injected into the left atrium (0.5-1.0 micrograms/kg) or bronchial artery (1.5 micrograms), activity increasing 15-fold on average. C-fiber endings accessible from the pulmonary circulation were relatively insensitive to bradykinin. Bradykinin caused a small increase in firing of some rapidly adapting (irritant) receptors, but the effect appeared to be secondary to vascular changes. Bradykinin had variable effects on slowly adapting stretch receptors, but did not stimulate them directly. Thus vagally mediated sensory or reflex effects initiated by bradykinin in the lung are probably due to stimulation of "bronchial" C-fibers. PMID- 7372523 TI - Exercise efficiency: validity of base-line subtractions. AB - In evaluating the efficiency of humans performing exercise, base-line subtractions have been used in an attempt to determine the efficiency of the muscles in performing the external work. Despite the fact that base lines have been criticized previously, they have been widely used without adequate analysis of the implications involved. Calculations of efficiencies using data available in the literature for isolated muscle preparations revealed that base-line subtractions result in unreasonably high efficiencies. This suggests strongly that the base lines are invalid. To be valid, a base line must continue unchanged under all the conditions in which it is applied. Previously published data indicate clearly that exercise base lines change with increasing work rate and are therefore invalid. The use of base lines is further complicated by elastic energy storage in some types of exercise. Although exercise efficiencies using base line subtractions may be useful, they do not indicate muscle efficiency. Perhaps future studies of exercise metabolism should be directed less at refining base lines and more toward describing and quantifying the determinants of energy expenditure. PMID- 7372524 TI - Muscle respiratory capacity and fiber type as determinants of the lactate threshold. AB - This study examined the relationship between the respiratory capacity of an individual's skeletal muscle and the work rate at which blood lactate accumulation begins (lactate threshold). Comparisons were also made among fiber type, VO2max, and the lactate threshold. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle for determination of respiratory capacity and fiber type (myosin ATPase). The lactate threshold was assessed in terms of both the absolute work rate (VO2) and relative work rate (%VO2max). The capacity of muscle homogenates to oxidize pyruvate was significantly (P less than 0.01) related to the absolute (r = 0.94) and relative (r = 0.83) lactate thresholds. Significant positive correlations (P less than 0.01) were also found between the percent of slow-twitch fibers and absolute (r = 0.74) and relative (r = 0.70) lactate thresholds. The results suggest that the muscle's respiratory capacity is of primary importance in determining the work rate at which blood lactate accumulation begins. They also suggest that the proportion of slow-twitch fibers may play an important role in determining the relative lactate threshold. PMID- 7372525 TI - Effect of work intensity and duration on recovery O2. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the effects of exercise intensity and duration on the time course and magnitude of recovery O2. Eighteen men exercised at 50, 65, and 80% of maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) for 5 and 20 min. Each exercise bout was preceded and followed by cycling at 150 kpm.min-1, which established the base-line VO2 used in this study. The magnitude of the rapid component of recovery O2 was proportional to exercise intensity and was not altered by exercise duration. The slow component of recovery O2 was not significantly altered by exercise intensity or duration at 50 and 65% of VO2max. However, after 20 min of exercise at 80% of VO2max, the slow component of recovery 02 was 5 times (p less than 0.01) larger than after the 5-min exercise at 80% of VO2max. End-exercise blood lactate level was also higher after the 20 min bout at 80% of VO2max; however, at most, 30% of the difference between the magnitude of the slow components of recovery O2 after the 5- and 20-min rides at 80% of VO2max could be accounted for by lactate metabolism. The Q10 effect of temperature on metabolism could account for 60-70% of the slow components of recovery O2 at all work rates and durations. It could also account for the remaining 70% of the increase in the slow component after the 20-min exercise at 80% of VO2max. PMID- 7372526 TI - Methods for identifying respiratory oscillations disclose altitude effects. AB - The respiration of 16 supine subjects was monitored at sea level and at an altitude of 3,050 m. Breath shape was defined by inspiratory and expiratory durations [TI, TE] and volumes [VI, VE], total breath duration [Tt], and ventilation [.VE(=VE/Tt)]. Dynamic breath pattern analysis revealed that the chronological sequences of these variables often display large sustained oscillations. Depending on their relative phase the simultaneous oscillations in VE and Tt are "compensating" or "reinforcing." The first typifies the traditional view that breath-to-breath changes in VE and Tt oscillate in phase, i.e., deeper breaths are longer thereby reducing ventilatory fluctuations. For the reinforcing oscillations breath-to-breath changes in VE and Tt oscillate out-of-phase, i.e., deeper breaths tend to be shorter, thereby enhancing ventilatory fluctuations. The observed amplitudes of the reinforced .VE oscillations are as large as 75% of the mean .VE level. In five subjects strong reinforcing oscillations with characteristic period of 20.6 +/- 3.5 (SD) s accompanied high-altitude exposure (most prominently after acclimatization) and did not appear to be a function of acid-base balance. PMID- 7372527 TI - Using a comb filter to describe time-varying biological rhythmicities. AB - A very important problem in the analysis of biological data sequences is the detection of oscillations in the presence of random variations (noise). If the oscillations are not stationary, i.e., if they drift in frequency and amplitude, or occur in bursts, traditional analysis techniques utilizing the power spectrum or its time-domain equivalent, the autocorrelation function, can be both misleading and insensitive. Temporal filtering by a "comb" or se of band-pass filters is very effective for identifying and describing nonstationary oscillations. The basic procedures for interpreting the output of a comb filter are presented here, illustrated by examples using predefined input test sequences. PMID- 7372528 TI - A versatile high-pressure chamber for electrophysiological measurements. AB - A modular high-pressure chamber is described. This chamber will allow stable microelectrode recordings to be made for a variety of intracellular preparations at pressure of 200-300 atmospheres absolute. Its features include internal temperature control, easy visibility, continuous perfusion, electrical penetrations, and manipulation of several internal controls while the system is at pressure. The small size and high versatility of the Wilson chamber make it a convenient and inexpensive research unit for experiments in the moderately high pressure ranges that affect biological preparations. PMID- 7372530 TI - Contract practice versus fee-for-service. PMID- 7372529 TI - Superoxide dismutase drug study. PMID- 7372531 TI - How the new medicated feed program affects the practitioner. PMID- 7372532 TI - Monogenetic trematode infections. PMID- 7372533 TI - Veterinary drug availability. PMID- 7372534 TI - Intramedullary pinning of a fractured femur in a foal. PMID- 7372535 TI - Complications caused by the oculocardiac reflex during anesthesia in a foal. PMID- 7372536 TI - Clostridium chauvoei infection in a horse. PMID- 7372537 TI - Left horn uterine torsion in a nongravid nulliparous bitch. PMID- 7372538 TI - Osteochondritis dissecans of the tarsocrural joint in three canine siblings. AB - Osteochondritis dissecans of the tarsocrural joint was diagnosed in three canine siblings. The lesion, unilateral in one dog and bilateral in two dogs, was on the caudomedial aspect of the trochlea of the talus. Surgical treatment resulted in marked improvement of hindlimb gait. PMID- 7372539 TI - Multifocal ocular histoplasmosis in a dog and cat. AB - In two cases of naturally occurring disseminated histoplasmosis, multifocal inflammatory lesions were seen in the posterior segment of the eyes. Histologic examination of both animals revealed lesions of active choroiditis (cat) and retinitis (dog) in association with numerous Histoplasma capsulatum. PMID- 7372540 TI - Fatal venous air embolism associated with pneumocystography in a cat. PMID- 7372541 TI - Clinical pharmacology of succinylcholine. PMID- 7372542 TI - Griseorubins, a new family of antibiotics with antimicrobial and antitumor activity. I. Taxonomy of the producing strain, fermentation, isolation and chemical characterization. AB - A new antibiotic complex has been obtained from the cultures of Streptomyces strain No. IMET 20978 isolated from the shrimp Crangon crangon L. On the basis of taxonomic studies the producing microorganism is described as Streptomyces fimicarius (Duche) Waksman et Henrici, 1948, type strain IMET 20978. The antibiotic complex, designated as griseorubin, belongs to the polycyclic C glycosyl antibiotics. It is a red-coloured amorphous material which consists of eight closely related fractions including griseorubins A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H. The griseorubin complex exhibits antibiotic activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria as well as against mycoplasma and protozoa. The griseorubin complex is also effective on leukemia L1210 AND Zajdela ascites hepatoma. PMID- 7372543 TI - The total synthesis of (+/-)-coriolin. PMID- 7372546 TI - Studies on new phosphonic acid antibiotics. II. Taxonomic studies on producing organisms of the phosphonic acid and related compounds. AB - A new species of Streptomyces which produces a new cell wall-inhibitory antibiotic, FR-900098 containing phosphonic acid in its molecule, is named and described. The species name proposed, Streptomyces rubellomurinus, refers to the aerial mass color. Streptomyces rubellomurinus subsp. indigoferus also produces FR-900098 and the related compound FR-33289. FR-900098 related compounds, FR 32863 and FR-31564 are produced by Streptomyces lavendulae. PMID- 7372545 TI - Isolation and characterization of plasmids from parent and variant strains of Streptomyces ribosidificus. PMID- 7372544 TI - Synthesis of penems and their antibacterial activities. PMID- 7372547 TI - Studies on new phosphonic acid antibiotics. IV. Structure determination of FR 33289, FR-31564 and FR-32863. AB - The structure of novel phosphonic acid antibiotics FR-33289, FR-31564, and FR 32863, produced by strains of Streptomyces, have been established as I, II, and III, respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidences. PMID- 7372548 TI - In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of FR-31564, a new phosphonic acid antibiotic. AB - FR-31564, a new phosphonic acid antibiotic, was active against most Gram-negative bacteria except Serratia marcescens and glucose-nonfermenting Gram-negative rods excluding Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity in vitro of FR-31564 was stronger than that of fosfomycin especially against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter species and P. aeruginosa. FR-31564 also was active against Gram-negative bacteria resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and against gentamicin-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity in vitro of FR-31564, like that of fosfomycin, was enhanced when 10% rabbit blood was added to the nutrient agar. The therapeutic efficacy of FR-31564 in experimental infections in mice was superior to that of fosfomycin in infections due to most Gram-negative bacteria used, and was similar to that of gentamicin in infections due to Citrobacter freundii, Proteus rettgeri and Proteus inconstans B. The protective effect of FR-31564, particularly in the P. aeruginosa infection, was superior to that of other control drugs including gentamicin. PMID- 7372549 TI - Production of cinerubins by a Streptomyces griseorubiginosus strain. AB - Streptomyces No. 4915 was isolated and revealed to produce cinerubins A and B. This strain was different from other cinerubins-producing strains. Production of cinerubins is reported. Assignments of the signals of the 13C-NMR spectrum of cinerubin A, the major product, have been made. PMID- 7372550 TI - Streptomyces spadicogriseus, a new species producing anthramycin. AB - The taxonomic description of Streptomyces spadicogriseus, a new species belonging to the Gray Series of streptomycetes as classified by Pridham and Tresner, is presented. This new species is distinguishable from the known members of the Gray Series. Streptomyces spadicogriseus produces anthramycin but bears no taxonomic relation to the known producer of the antibiotic: S. refuineus var. thermotolerans. PMID- 7372551 TI - Modifications of a macrolide antibiotic midecamycin. II. Reaction of midecamycin and 9-acetylmidecamycin with dimethylsulfoxide and acetic anhydride. AB - Treatment of 9,2'-diacetylmidecamycin (2) with DMSO and acetic anhydride afforded 3''-methylthiomethyl derivative (3) preferably in the presence of pyridine. Reaction of midecamycin (1) with DMSO and acetic anhydride gave 2'-acetyl-9 dehydro-3''-methylthiomethyl derivative (9) indicating that the three hydroxyl groups reacted in a different way to the reagent. When compound 2 was reacted with DMSO and acetic anhydride in the presence of CCl4, 3''-acetoxymethyl derivative (13) was a major product, which was formed via 3 through the Pummerer rearrangement. The structures of 3, 9 and 13 were confirmed by examining NMR and mass spectra of these compounds and their deuterio analogue. They showed antimicrobial spectra similar to 1 but superior in vivo activity. PMID- 7372552 TI - Bis-trimethylsilylcefamandole: an unusually stable trimethylsilyl-intermediate. AB - The preparation of crystalline bis-trimethylsilylcefamandole (7) and its utility in the preparation and purification of cefamandole are described. Although stable to solvolysis in isopropyl alcohol, 7 underwent smooth conversion to cefamandole in the presence of water, methanol, or ethanol. PMID- 7372553 TI - Semisynthetic cephalosporins. III. Synthesis and structure activity relationships of novel orally active 7-[4-hydroxy-3-(substituted methyl)phenyl]-acetamido-3 cephem-4-carboxylic acids. AB - A family of novel optically active alpha-amino-3-substituted-methyl-4-hydroxy benzene acetic acids (3) have been prepared. A number of these amino acids were converted to a group of cephalosporins (12). Compound 12A showed the most interesting activity in vitro and in vivo, primarily against Gram-positive organisms and was shown to be well absorbed orally. PMID- 7372554 TI - Clazamycin B is antibiotic 354. PMID- 7372555 TI - Correlation of agar-disc-diffusion tests with minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefonicid (SK&F 75073) and cephalothin. PMID- 7372556 TI - Isolation and characterization of plasmid DNAs in Actinomycetes. PMID- 7372560 TI - The revised structure of validamycin A. PMID- 7372558 TI - Studies on the biosynthesis of pentalenolactone. III. Isolation of a biosynthetic intermediate hydrocarbon, pentalenene. PMID- 7372557 TI - Griseorubins, a new family of antibiotics with antimicrobial and antitumor activity. II. Biological properties and antitumor activity of the antibiotic complex griseorubin. AB - The antibiotic complex griseorubin has antimicrobial activity against Gram positive as well as -negative bacteria, mycobacteria, mycoplasma and protozoa in vitro but it is not active against yeast and fungi. Tests with transplantable rodent tumors indicate that griseorubin is inhibitory to the growth of lymphatic leukemia L1210 in mice and Zajdela ascites hepatoma in rats. The acute LD50 of griseorubin in mice is 50 mg/kg of body weight when given intraperitoneally. Attempts to potentiate the antitumor activity by complexing with DNA proved to be unsuccessful. PMID- 7372559 TI - New polyether antibiotics, A-130B and A-130C. PMID- 7372561 TI - Effect of sewage sludge diets fed swine on nutrient digestibility, reproduction, growth and minerals in tissues. AB - Twelve female swine were fed in a 3 X 4 crossover design metabolism trial corn soybean grower diets that contained 0, 10 or 20% sewage sludge over three 19-day periods. The mean values for total digestible nutrients were 79.4, 73.7 and 55.0%; those for metabolizable energy were 3.36, 2.25 and 1.15 Mcal/kg diet; and those for nitrogen retained were 42.8, 44.0 and 25.3%, respectively. Sewage sludge (0, 10, 20%) diets were fed to 31 sows approximately equally divided into the dietary groups during their first two pregnancies, and to their offspring from weaning until market weight. More live pigs were farrowed and weaned per litter from sows fed 20% sludge diets than from the control group. However, 21 day weaning weights of pigs were lower from sows fed the sludge-containing diets. Offspring of both first and second litters fed growing and finishing diets containing sludge from weaning until market weight had decreased daily weight gains and feed efficiency. There were no increases in nine elements (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe and Al) in sow's milk or blood. Offspring of sows fed sludge diets showed increases of several elements in selected tissues at weaning and after consuming sludge diets until market weight. PMID- 7372562 TI - Effects of dietary energy, free choice alfalfa hay and mass medication on calves subjected to marketing and shipping stresses. AB - Five-hundred and fourteen calves subjected to the stresses of marketing and shipping from Florida to New Mexico were used to study performance after arrival at the feedlot. Flaked milo diets containing 50 and 75% concentrates promoted more rapid recovery of purchase weight and more efficient gains than a diet containing 25% concentrates. Free-choice alfalfa hay with the flaked milo diets reduced death loss, number of calves requiring medication and number of treatments per medicated calf. A 3-day mass medication with oxytetracycline injected intramuscularly at 11 mg/kg body weight reduced death loss and number of calves requiring subsequent medication. Calves requiring subsequent medication, however, needed more treatments than control calves. Dry matter and energy digestion determined with lambs increased with concentrate level but decreased with addition of alfalfa hay. New energy intake was highest for the 50% concentrate diet during the first week and for the 75% concentrate diet during the next 3 weeks of the 4-week receiving period. PMID- 7372564 TI - Estimation of additive and nonadditive direct and maternal genetic effects from crossbreeding beef cattle. PMID- 7372563 TI - Effect of sheep breed and sex on accumulation and depletion of ronnel in fat. AB - When four breeds of sheep were dipped in .25% ronnel for control of sheep-biting lice, Bovicola ovis (Schrank), the differences in residues in the fat were highly significant for breed, sex, day X breed and day X sex interactions. PMID- 7372565 TI - Effect of litter size at birth on lactation in mice. AB - The relative influence of litter size at birth and dam body weight at parturition on lactational performance was determined with five among-line crossfostering experiments involving 17 populations of mice. Included were lines selected for postweaning growth and maternal performance, and unselected controls. Twelve-day litter weight of a crossfostered litter standardized to six or eight pups was used as the criterion of lactational performance. Litter size at birth had a small positive correlation with 12-day litter weight when pooled within lines in each crossfostering experiment (.06 to .30, with mean of .17). The correlation between dam body weight at parturition and her crossfostered 12-day litter weight was consistently higher (.13 to .51, with mean of .35). Litter size was positively correlated with dam body weight at parturition (.33 to .56, with mean of .47). The partial correlation between litter size and 12-day litter weight, with dam body weight at parturition held constant, was reduced (-.07 to .18, with mean of .02) compared to the simple correlation. Multiple regression analyses indicated that dam body weight at parturition consistently accounted for more of the variation in 12-day litter weight than litter size. The data provide no evidence to support the hypothesis that increased fetal number or mass results in a greater lactational output by the dam. PMID- 7372566 TI - Physiological and urinary metabolite responses to cold shock and confinement of sheep. AB - Fourteen 15-kg hand-raised lambs were subjected to a control treatment or to one 3-hr, -5 C cold shock each day for 4 days. The greatest increase in heart rate occurred at the second hour of cold shock, when ambient temperatures were lowest. This increase became successively smaller each day. The greatest rectal temperature decreases occurred after 3 hr of cold shock, 1 hr after the minimum ambient temperature had been reached. This rectal temperature decrease became successively greater each day as the lambs habituated to the cold shocks. Urinary calcium excretion was 67% higher (P less than .05) in the cold-shocked lambs than in the controls during the 18-hr intervals following the shock. Urinary cortisol excretion was different only on day 2, when the control group showed higher (P less than .05) values. A confinement stress was induced by the placing of four lambs in metabolic cages 5 days after they were removed from a range environment. These lambs were compared to four other lambs in metabolic cages which had been reared in the laboratory. Confinement stress increased urinary cortisol excretion (P less than .05) above that of the laboratory-reared lambs for the first 3 days. A mean urinary cortisol excretion of 41 ng.MBS-1.mr-1 or 20 ng.mg.creatine-1 was found in lambs in the range and laboratory groups over the remainder of the study. The range lambs' nitrogen retention, measured after cortisol excretion returned to baseline, was greater (P less than .05) than that of the laboratory lambs. PMID- 7372567 TI - Anaerobic fusiform-shaped bacteria isolated from the caecum of conventional mice. PMID- 7372568 TI - Effect of growth conditions on yield and heme content of Vitreoscilla. AB - Vitreoscilla, a gliding bacterium in the Beggiatoaceae, is an obligate aerobe in which cytochrome o functions as the terminal oxidase. Protoheme IX is the only heme type present in this organism. The yield and heme content of Vitreoscilla cells grown in yeast extract, peptone, and acetate were dependent on growth conditions. Cells harvested in early stationary phase contained roughly three times as much heme as cells in early log phase. There was an optimal shaking rate for maximum heme content of cells harvested in stationary phase at fixed initial nutrient concentration. The heme content of cells grown at a fixed shaking rate increased from 5 nmol/g (wet weight) in media which had low nutrient concentration to a maximum of 45 nmol/g (wet weight) in media which had high nutrient concentration, and there was a corresponding sixfold increase in cytochrome o content and an eightfold increase in respiratory rate, evidence that some of the additional heme was incorporated into respiratory pigments. Heme content may be controlled jointly by competition for oxygen and availability of nutrients. Temperature and initial pH affected the growth rate but not the final yield or heme content. Growth rate was optimal at pH 8.0 to 8.5. A defined medium for Vitreoscilla, which is based on glutamate as the carbon source, is described; the other organic components of this medium are acetate, tryptophan, thiamine, biotin, and riboflavin. PMID- 7372569 TI - S-adenosylmethionine levels and protein methylation during morphogenesis of Mucor racemosus. AB - The intracellular level of S-adenosylmethionine increased as the yeast-phase cells of Mucor racemosus were induced to convert to hyphae. This increase correlated well with time course of the conversion in cell type and was independent of the metabolic changes caused by the shift to aerobic conditions. There was no significant change in the intracellular level of spermidine, a polyamine synthesized from putrescine and the propylamine group of S adenosylmethionine. Spermine was not detected. An examination of protein methylation revealed an increase in the methylation of total protein during the shift in cell type and possible qualitative as well as quantitative changes in specific base proteins. PMID- 7372570 TI - Beta-2-linked glucans secreted by fast-growing species of Rhizobium. AB - Fast-growing species of Rhizobium were found to secrete low-molecular-weight beta 2-linked glucans when cultured in synthetic liquid medium. These glucans are quite similar to beta-2-linked glucans produced by species of Agrobacterium. No reducing terminus was detected in these glucans. PMID- 7372571 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase from the marine Pseudomonas sp. BAL-31. AB - A deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-dependent DNA polymerase (DNA nucleotidyltransferase) was purified 3,000-fold from the marine Pseuodomonas sp. BAL-31. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated by glycerol gradient sedimentation to be 110,000. The enzyme migrated in sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels as a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 105,000. An absolute requirement for divalent cation was satisfied by Mg2+ or Mn2+ at concentrations of 1 mM. Monovalent cations at concentrations higher than 50 mM showed an inhibitory effect. The polymerase activity was resistant to N ethylmaleimide and showed a wide pH optimum. PMID- 7372572 TI - Sporulation in Hansenula wingei is induced by nitrogen starvation in maltose containing media. AB - The sexually agglutinative yeast Hansenula wingei lives in association with bark beetles that inhabit coniferous trees. This yeast was induced to sporulate by malt extract, which contains a high percentage of maltose (50%) and a low percentage of nitrogen (0.5%). A solution of 1.5% maltose without any growth factors also induced ascosporogenesis in H. wingei. Thus, only a carbon source is required for sporulation as in Saccharomyces. However, potassium acetate did not induce sporulation in H. wingei as it does in S. cerevisiae. Instead, disaccharides (such as maltose, sucrose, or cellobiose) promote sporulation better than either monosaccharides (such as dextrose, fructose, or mannose) or respiratory substrates (such as ethanol or glycerol). The specificity of disaccharides in promoting sporulation in H. wingei may be considered an adaptation since these disaccharides are present in the natural environment of this yeast. In addition, the specificity of disaccharides may be related to the induction of the disaccharidase because cells precultured on dextrose sporulate well on maltose, but cells precultured on maltose sporulate poorly on maltose. When (NH(4))(2)SO(4) was added at a low concentration (3 mM) to synthetic sporulation medium (1.5% maltose solution), sporulation was abolished, whereas other salts and nitrogen sources inhibited to a lesser extent and vitamins and trace elements had no effect. Oxygen was required for sporulation, as expected for an obligate aerobe. Maximal sporulation was achieved in 2% malt extract broth at high cell density (10(9) cells per ml), pH 5, and 25 degrees C. By using these optimal physiological conditions and hybrid strains selected from an extensive genetic breeding program, about 30% asci (10% tetrads) were obtained routinely. Thus, the genetics of cell recognition in this yeast can now be studied. PMID- 7372573 TI - Adenosine 5'-triphosphate formation in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans vesicles by H+ ion gradients comparable to those of environmental conditions. AB - Vesicles prepared from iron-grown Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, and subsequently loaded with adenosine 5'-diphosphate and inorganic phosphate, produced adenosine 5'-triphosphate when subjected to H+ gradients comparable to those in the cells' normal environment (i.e., an internal pH in the range of 6.0 to 8.0 with an optimum of 7.0 to 7.8 and an external pH in the range of 2.1 to 4.1 with an optimum of 2.8). Nigericin, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and pentachlorophenol decreased adenosine 5'-triphosphate synthesis. Valinomycin at concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 micrograms/ml increased adenosine 5'-triphosphate formation by 25 and 30%, respectively. PMID- 7372575 TI - Sleeping-pill insomnia. PMID- 7372576 TI - Evaluating a conjoint psychiatric-medical inpatient unit--a one year follow-up study of depressed patients. AB - In an effort to evaluate a new Conjoint Psychiatric-Medical Unit, depressed patients treated on the service are compared with depressed patients treated on the same unit when it was a psychiatric service. Recidivism, return to responsibilities, and patient satisfaction are the parameters that are compared, and no significant differences are noted. These findings would suggest that the new Inpatient Service appears to be an effective treatment modality for depressed patients. PMID- 7372574 TI - Structure of the regular surface layer of Sporosarcina ureae. AB - Optical diffraction and computer image processing of electron micrographs were employed to analyze the structure of the regular surface layer of Sporosarcina ureae at high resolution. Negatively stained preparations of regular surface layer fragments showed two types of tetragonal pattern, each having p4 symmetry in projection with a = 12.8 nm. Although the two patterns differed greatly in overall appearance, both had a common pattern of areas of high stain density which we interpret as arising from gaps or holes in the structure. We speculate that these holes may be related to a protective role of the regular surface layer, whereby hostile environmental agents (such as muramidases) larger than about 2 nm would be screened from the underlying layers of the bacterial surface, while the free passage of nutrients and waste products into and out of the cell would still be allowed. PMID- 7372577 TI - Hopelessness, depression, and suicide intent. AB - Seventy-three inpatients completed Beck's Suicide Ideator Scale, Beck's Hopelessness Scale and the MMPI Depression Scale. As hypothesized, suicide intent was significantly more correlated with hopelessness than with depression. When the effect of hopelessness was removed statistically, there was no relationship between suicide intent and depression. PMID- 7372578 TI - Thought disorder and affective inaccessibility in depression. AB - In addition to familiar themes of depressive thought content, the authors describe changes in the form of language and thinking in depression which reflect serious disturbances in ego functioning. These disturbances are associated with an inability to express and experience a wide range of affects. The authors suggest that paradoxically, this painful state of affective inaccessibility, rather than an excess of depressive feeling, may be a major component of severe and/or prolonged depression. The evolution of this phase of affective blockade may have important theoretical and clinical treatment implications. PMID- 7372579 TI - The treatment of delusional depression with tranylcypromine: a case report. PMID- 7372580 TI - Treatment of propoxyphene dependence with thioridazine. AB - The successful use of thioridazine in the treatment of a propoxyphene dependent patient is presented. The drug controlled the craving and anxiety associated with the stepwise reduction of the propoxyphene. PMID- 7372581 TI - Location of a gelatin-binding region of human plasma fibronectin. PMID- 7372582 TI - Demonstration of nanosecond dipolar relaxation in biopolymers by inversion of apparent fluorescence phase shift and demodulation lifetimes. PMID- 7372583 TI - Natural abundance carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of antifreeze glycoproteins. AB - Natural abundance 13C NMR spectroscopy (at 67.9 MHz) is used to study an aqueous solution of the antifreeze glycoproteins 3 to 6 from the Antarctic cod. Assignments of resonances to specific carbons of the known Ala-Ala-[beta Gal-(1 leads to 3)-alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine]Thr repeating unit are presented. Some of the carbons of the proline residues of glycoprotein 6 are also identified. Spin lattice relaxation times (at 30 degrees C), linewidths (at 35 degrees C), nuclear Overhauser enhancements (at 35 degrees C), and the temperature dependence of chemical shifts (from 0 degrees to 75 degrees C) all strongly suggest that these antifreeze glycoproteins are predominantly or entirely flexible random coil polymers. PMID- 7372584 TI - The primary glycosylation defect in class E Thy-1-negative mutant mouse lymphoma cells is an inability to synthesize dolichol-P-mannose. PMID- 7372585 TI - Identification of an endogenous electron donor for biohydrogenation as alpha tocopherolquinol. AB - Four fluorescent compounds present in solvent extracts of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens could serve as electron donors for the biohydrogenation of cis 9,trans-11-octadecadienoate in the presence of dithionite, which was itself inactive. One of the compounds was identified as alpha-tocopherolquinol and another as alpha-tocopherolquinone. A partially purified soluble enzyme preparation from B. fibrisolvens catalyzed the reduction of alpha tocopherolquinone to alpha-tocopherolquinol in the presence of NADH with a stoichiometry of 1:1. The ratio of alpha-tocopherolquinone produced to fatty acid reduced was 2:1 when the tocopherol derivatives were extracted aerobically. When the extraction was carried out anaerobically, the ratio was 1. It is suggested that the oxidation of 2 molecules of alpha-tocopherolquinol, each to the semiquinone, provides the electrons required for the reduction of the cis-bond of the conjugated dienoic fatty acid. Although alpha-tocopherol, phylloquinol, and reduced menadione are inactive, ubiquinol-4, ubiquinol-10, and trimethylhydroquinone show about one-half the activity of alpha-tocopherolquinol. Plastoquinol and trimethylphytylbenzoquinol are as active as alpha tocopherolquinol. PMID- 7372586 TI - The mechanism of Na+-dependent D-glucose transport. AB - The mechanism of Na+-dependent D-glucose transport was investigated by kinetic means in rabbit small intestinal and renal brush border membranes. The rate of glucose transport was measured under equilibrium exchange conditions as a function of its own concentration and of the Na+ concentration. Likewise, the rate of Na+ transport was measured as a function of the D-glucose concentration. Noteworthy characteristics of the Na+-dependent glucose transport system are: 1) linear dependence of the glucose transport rate on Na+ concentration up to 0.1 M (at constant ionic strength), indicating a 1:1 stoichiometry of Na+-D-glucose cotransport under net flux conditions; 2) virtual Na+ independence of the apparent affinity of the transport system for D-glucose; 3) a stimulation inhibition pattern if the transport rate of either substrate (D-glucose, Na+) is measured as function of increasing concentrations of its co-substrate; 4) a varying flux ratio of D-glucose to Na+ which can be either above or below 1, depending on the concentration ratio of the two substrates; 5) a rate constant for translocation of the loaded carrier which is faster than that for the dissociation of Na+. Treating Na+-D glucose co-transport analogous to an enzyme reaction, these features are consistent with an iso-ordered-bi-bi kinetic model, whereby the first solute that binds to the transport system at one membrane interface is the one that is released first at the other interface (first-in first-out characteristics). The kinetic model is explained by a gated pore mechanism, whereby the translocation of the transported solutes across the permeability barrier is achieved by a rocker-type conformational change of the transport system (presumed to be a protein) which moves the permeability barrier past the solutes. PMID- 7372587 TI - Glucosylceramide uptake protein from spleen cytosol. AB - Incubation of rat red cells with liposomes containing radioactive glucosylceramide, together with unlabeled phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol, produced cells labeled with the glycolipid. Part of the bound cerebroside could be removed by further incubation with unlabeled liposomes. Both processes, uptake and release, were stimulated by adding a preparation obtained from bovine spleen. The active material was purified partially by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel permeation with a Sephadex G-75 column. The latter step indicated a molecular weight of about 22,000. The material lost much of its activity when treated with trypsin or N-ethylmaleimide, indicating that it is a protein. The "cerebroside uptake protein" was quite stable if stored in dithioerythritol at 4 degrees C. Tests with liposomes containing labeled phosphatidylcholine or cholesterol showed that the red cells took up these lipids as well, but the transfer protein exerted little effect on this. Ghosts prepared from rat red cells also took up the three lipids from the liposomes and here, as well, the uptake protein showed high specificity in facilitating the uptake of cerebroside. This appears to be the first demonstration of the existence of a glycolipid transfer protein. Possible physiological roles for the uptake protein in red cell metabolism and in the modulation of the glycosphingolipid composition of cell membranes are discussed. PMID- 7372588 TI - Mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells with altered membrane phospholipid composition. Replacement of phosphatidylinositol by phosphatidylglycerol in a myo inositol auxotroph. PMID- 7372589 TI - Metabolism of putrescine to 5-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone via 2-pyrrolidone. AB - Incubation of 2-[14C]pyrrolidone with sliced rat liver and analysis of the incubation medium by silica gel chromatography revealed that 2-[14C]pyrrolidone is metabolized to an unknown. It was previously shown by Lundgren and Hankins ((Lundgren, D.W, and Hankins, J. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 7130-7133) that slices of rat liver readily synthesized 2-pyrrolidone from putrescine. The unknown metabolite was partially purified by methanol/chloroform extraction, activated charcoal column chromatography, and two-dimensional thin layer chromatography on silica gel plates. The 2-pyrrolidone metabolite was derivatized with bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluroacetamide and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mass of the molecular ion (245) and fragment ions suggests that the 2-pyrrolidone metabolite is 5-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone. The mass spectrum of synthetic 5-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone was identical to that of the unknown metabolite. Synthetic 5-hydroxy-2-[3H]pyrrolidone co-chromatographed on silica gel sheets with the unknown 2-[14C]pyrrolidone metabolite obtained directly from incubation media. Under appropriate conditions (pH 7.5, no acid treatment of medium), putrescine is metabolized to 5-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone via 2-pyrrolidone. Several effector compounds, but not necessarily the same ones, inhibit or enhance, or both, the conversion of putrescine to 2-pyrrolidone and of 2 pyrrolidone to 5-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone. This is the first demonstration of the biosynthesis of 5-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone. PMID- 7372591 TI - Synthesis of a novel class of sulfated glycoproteins in embryonic liver and lung. AB - Slices from various organs and tissues of 14-day-old chick embryos synthesize a novel class of glycoproteins containing sulfated oligosaccharide chains that are not released from the polypeptides under conditions that cleave O-glycosidically linked chains. Of the tissues examined, embryonic lung and liver were the most active in incorporating [35S]O4 into these oligosaccharide chains, which were analyzed as glycopeptides following Pronase digestion. These low molecular weight sulfated glycopeptides were resistant to several chemical and enzymatic treatments that degrade a variety of high molecular weight sulfated glycosaminoglycans. The incorporation of both [3H]glucosamine and [35S]O4 into the glycopeptides was inhibited by tunicamycin, an antibiotic which inhibits the N-glycosylation of proteins. These observations, coupled with the finding that these chains were resistant to beta elimination, suggest that this novel type of sulfated oligosaccharide is N-glycosidically linked to protein. The sulfated glycopeptides from chick embryonic lung were characterized as containing terminal fucose and sialic acid residues as well as O-sulfated N-acetylglucosamine residues. Comparable studies with slices of adult liver and lung indicated that they were far less active in the synthesis of this class of sulfated glycopeptides, even though these organs, like those from the embryo, actively synthesize sulfated glycosaminoglycans. PMID- 7372590 TI - A nonamer of histones in chromatin. AB - The results of dimethyl suberimidate cross-linking experiments demonstrate that histone H1 can be cross-linked quantitatively to the histone octamer of mononucleosomes to yield a histone nonamer. By combining our cross-linking procedure with two-dimensional electrophoretic techniques, we show further that it is possible to trace the nucleosomal origins of a spectrum of cross-linked chromatin products. PMID- 7372592 TI - Structural requirements of lipoteichoic acid carrier for recognition by the poly(ribitol phosphate) polymerase from Staphylococcus aureus H. A study of various lipoteichoic acids, derivatives, and related compounds. PMID- 7372594 TI - Control of protein degradation in reticulocytes and reticulocyte extracts by hemin. PMID- 7372593 TI - Alanine ester-containing native lipoteichoic acids do not act as lipoteichoic acid carrier. Isolation, structural and functional characterization. PMID- 7372595 TI - Magnetic resonance studies of the effect of the regulatory subunit on metal and substrate binding to the catalytic subunit of bovine heart protein kinase. PMID- 7372596 TI - Two naturally occurring inhibitors of nuclear protein kinase. AB - 2Two types of protein kinase inhibitors present in rat liver nuclei have been partially purified and characterized. They are specific for the nuclear enzymes, being inert toward the protein kinases in the cytosol. One inhibitor is a 150,000 dalton, heat-labile, acidic protein; the other is a family of two oligonucleotides. Inhibitory activity in crude extracts becomes measurable only after complete removal of protein kinase activity by affinity chromatography (Farron-Furstenthal, F., and Lightholder, J.R. (1977) FEBS Lett. 84, 313). Initial separation of the inhibitor protein from the oligonucleotide inhibitors was achieved by filtration through an Amicon pressure cell. Further purification of the inhibitor protein was obtained by chromatography on ion exchangers and Bio Gel. The oligonucleotides were purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and paper electrophoresis. The effects of the two types of inhibitors are additive. The 170 to 200% recovery of protein kinase activity after removal of the inhibitors from the initial extracts suggests that the inhibitors contribute in a quantitatively significant measure to the regulation of nuclear protein phosphorylation. PMID- 7372597 TI - Oligosaccharides of human bronchial glycoproteins. Neutral di- and trisaccharides isolated from a patient suffering from chronic bronchitis. AB - Human bronchial glycoproteins from a patient suffering from chronic bronchitis were subjected to alkaline borohydride degradation and a heterogeneous mixture of reduced oligosaccharides and glycopeptides was obtained. The shortest neutral oligosaccharides were subsequently fractionated by DAX4 anion exchange chromatography into 12 fractions. Five major oligosaccharides were purified by preparative paper chromatography. Their structures were determined by using periodic oxidation, methylation analysis, gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and enzymatic degradation. Two oligosaccharides and three trisaccharides were characterized as galactose (Gal) beta 1 leads to 3 N acetylgalactosaminitol (GalNActitol), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) beta 1 leads to 3 GalNActitol, Gal 1 leads to 4 GlcNAc 1 leads to 3 GalNActitol, GlcNAc 1 leads to 3 Gal 1 leads to 3 GalNActitol and fucose alpha 1 leads to 2 Gal beta 1 leads to 3 GalNActitol. PMID- 7372598 TI - Enzymatic reduction of hemoglobins M Milwaukee-1 and M Saskatoon by NADH cytochrome b5 reductase and NADPH-flavin reductase purified from human erythrocytes. AB - Enzymatic reduction of the hemoglobin (Hb) M group was studied. Hb M Milwaukee-1 and Hb M Saskatoon were reduced by NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase highly purified from human erythrocytes. Hb M Saskatoon was also reduced by another enzyme in red cells, NADPH-flavin reductase. The reduction rates of Hb M Saskatoon by both enzymes were almost the same as those of MetHb A. The reduction of Hb M Milwaukee 1 by NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase progressed much more slowly than that of Hb M Saskatoon and MetHb A. It took 1/2 h and 10 h for the 50% reduction of Hb M Saskatoon and Hb M Milwaukee-1, respectively. These two methemoglobin reductases from erythrocytes did not reduce other hemoglobins M such as Hb M Iwate, Hb M Boston, or Hb M Hyde Park. A possible role of these abnormal hemoglobins as oxygen carriers and the reason for cyanosis in the patients of Hb M Saskatoon and Hb M Milwaukee-1 are discussed. PMID- 7372599 TI - Human hepatic lectin. Physiochemical properties and specificity. PMID- 7372600 TI - Purification and characterization of a HeLa cell transfer RNA(cytosine-5-) methyltransferase. PMID- 7372601 TI - Human skeletal alkaline phosphatase. Kinetic studies including pH dependence and inhibition by theophylline. PMID- 7372602 TI - Role of chemical reagents in the activation of rat hepatic glucocorticoid receptor complex. PMID- 7372603 TI - Cycloheximide inhibits sterol biosynthesis in cell-free preparations of rat liver. AB - Cycloheximide, frequently used as an inhibitor of protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro, has been found to cause a significant reduction of the synthesis of digitonin-precipitable sterols from acetate, but not from mevalonate, at a concentration of 1 mM in the 10,000 x g supernatant fraction of rat liver homogenate preparations. The results of studies of the metabolism of labeled leucine under the same conditions indicated that the effect of cycloheximide on sterol synthesis from acetate was not related to an effect of cycloheximide on protein synthesis. Preincubation of the 10,000 x g supernatant fraction of rat liver homogenates with cycloheximide (1 mM) caused a significant reduction in the levels of acetate thiokinase and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase activities but not of acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase activity. Preincubation of the 100,000 x g supernatant fraction of rat liver homogenates with cycloheximide (1 mM or 0.3 mM) also caused a significant reduction of the levels of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase activity. When cycloheximide (1 mM) was preincubated with the 100,000 x g supernatant fraction, a reduction in the level of acetate thiokinase activity was observed. Preincubation of rat liver microsomes with cycloheximide (1 mM and 3 mM) had no effect on the level of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity. These results suggest that biological effects observed upon exposure of cells or tissues to high concentrations of cycloheximide may not be exclusively due to effects of the cycloheximide on the synthesis of protein. PMID- 7372606 TI - Coproporphyrinogen oxidase. II. Reaction mechanism and role of tyrosine residues on the activity. AB - Purified coproporphyrinogen oxidase catalyzed conversion of 2-beta hydroxypropionic acid-4-propionic acid deuteroporphyrinogen IX, 2-propionic acid 4-beta-hydroxypropionic acid deuteroporphyrinogen IX, 2,4-bis (beta hydroxypropionic acid) deuteroporphyrinogen IX, harderoporphyrinogen, and isoharderoporphyrinogen to protoporphyrinogen IX. This result suggests that the enzymatic conversion of propionate groups of coproporphyrinogen III to vinyl groups of protoporphyrinogen IX occurs stepwise starting from position 2 to 4 through beta-hydroxypropionate porphyrinogen as an intermediate. When coproporphyrinogen oxidase was treated with tetranitromethane, an initial modification of 1 tyrosine residue per molecule did not affect the enzyme activity, whereas modification of a second tyrosine residue resulted in a substantial inactivation of the enzyme. Conversion of 2,4-bis-(beta hydroxypropionic acid) deuteroporphyrinogen XI into protoporphyrinogen IX was not affected by the tyrosine residue modification. Both modification and kinetic studies led to a conclusion that at least one tyrosine residue is involved in the active site of the enzyme, presumably participating in the initial reaction of the oxidation step of a propionate group to beta-hydroxypropionate. PMID- 7372604 TI - Amino acid sequence of the anaphylatoxin from the fifth component of porcine complement. PMID- 7372605 TI - Coproporphyrinogen oxidase. I. Purification, properties, and activation by phospholipids. AB - Coproporphyrinogen oxidase (EC 1.3.3.3), which converts coproporphyrinogen III into protoporphyrinogen IX, was purified about 3,200-fold from bovine liver. The most purified preparation had a specific activity of 6,920 units/mg of protein, the highest value so far reported, and was homogeneous in the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was monomeric and its molecular weight was approximately 71,600. The purified enzyme was analyzed for the amino acid composition and shown to have an abundance of aromatic amino acid residues amounting to 12% of the total residues. Spectral examination did not reveal the presence of heme and flavin. No metals were detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy either. Sulfhydryl reagents, metals, and metal chelators did not affect the enzyme activity to any significant extent. On the contrary, the purified enzyme was activated by crude phospholipid extracts from liver mitochondria and commercially available phospholipids about 2- to 5-fold. An increase in Vmax by the phospholipid extract as well as phosphatidylethanolamine accompanied a decrease in Km for coproporphyrinogen III from 48 microM to 18 to 25 microM. Synthetic nonionic detergents also exhibited an activation effect, although ionic detergents diminished the activity. PMID- 7372608 TI - Induction of fatty acid synthetase synthesis in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. AB - 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, cloned from 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblasts, differentiate in monolayer culture into cells with morphological and biochemical characteristics of adipocytes. Deposition of cytoplasmic triglyceride is associated with an increased lipogenic rate and a coordinate rise in the activities of many lipogenic enzymes (Mackall, J.C., Student, A.K., Polakis, S.E., and Lane, M.D. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 6462-6464). During differentiation induced by a 48-h treatment of postconfluent cells with methylisobutylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin, fatty acid synthetase activity increased to a level 19.5-fold higher than that of undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells or nondifferentiating 3T3-C2 cells. The rate of [3H]leucine incorporation into immunoadsorbable fatty acid synthetase rose to a maximum and then declined to a new level 12.5-fold higher in differentiated than in undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells. The kinetics of the changing [3H]leucine incorporation rate was reflected in the kinetics of the rise in fatty acid synthetase activity. The rate of degradation of fatty acid synthetase, determined by pulse-chase experiments, was unaffected by differentiation, the t1/2 remaining constant at 1.4 days. It is concluded that the higher level of fatty acid synthetase activity in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells can be attributed entirely to an increased rate of enzyme synthesis. The rate of total cellular protein synthesis also increases early early in differentiation, lending support to a model in which the synthesis of a large number of "differentiated proteins" is coordinately induced. PMID- 7372609 TI - Transsulfuration by human long term lymphoid lines. Normal and cystathionase deficient cells. AB - Long term human lymphoid cells from normal subjects were able to convert [35S]homocysteine to [35S]-cystine. The labeled cystine was found incorporated into proteins. Cells cultured from a patient with vitamin B6-unresponsive cystathioninuria, which contain no measurable cystathionase activity, were unable to perform this conversion. This is the first direct demonstration of transsulfuration by diploid cells in culture. PMID- 7372607 TI - Bilirubin binding to human liver ligandin (glutathione S-transferase). AB - The number of binding sites and the dissociation constants were determined for the binding of bilirubin to human liver ligandin and to human serum albumin. Albumin has a primary bilirubin binding site (KD = 0.03 microM), measured by the peroxidase procedure, and two apparently equivalent secondary binding sites (KD = 2 microM), determined by fluorescence quenching experiments. By contrast, ligandin does not have a corresponding high affinity site. The absence of this high affinity site was shown both by the peroxidase procedure and by direct competition between albumin and ligandin for bilirubin. Bilirubin binding to ligandin, measured by fluorescence quenching, is complex. At both pH 6.5 and 7.4, two interacting sites were observed with a Hill coefficient of 1.5, K' approximately 5 microM. Bilirubin binding to ligandin is not independent of glutathione S-transferase activity. Depending upon pH and upon the order with which the reactants are added, bilirubin can markedly alter the transferase activity. The results are interpreted in terms of kinetically stable conformational isomers of ligandin induced by bilirubin or by glutathione. PMID- 7372610 TI - 3-Carbanionic substrate analogues bind very tightly to fumarase and aspartase. AB - We describe the interactions at 25 degrees C of the 3-carbanions (I-) and 3 carbon conjugate acids (I) of 3-nitropropionate, 3-nitro-2-hydroxypropionate, and 3-nitro-2-aminopropionate with fumarase and aspartase. (Formula: see text) 1. Ia- and Ib- inhibit fumarase competitively and are bound more than 4000- and 18,000 fold more tightly, respectively, than Ia and Ib, and 5000- and 11,000-fold more tightly, respectively, than succinate. Ic inhibits aspartase competitively and is bound (depending on the ionization state of the 2-amino group) more than 220- to 1630-fold more tightly than Ic and 290- to 2200-fold more tightly than succinate. 2. Fumarase and asparatse bind I- much more tightly than their respective substrates. Thus, Km/KIa- and Km/KIb- for fumarase are 375 and 900, respectively (with KIa- = 64 nm and KIb- = 27 nM at pH 7.0). For asparatse, Km/KIa- = 519, while Km/KIc- = 1630 (2-amino group unprotonated) or 220 (2-amino group protonated). 3. The values of kI and k-I (FORMULA: SEE TEXT) for fumarase are respectively, 0.55 X 10(8) M-1 s-1 and 3.5 s-1 for Ia- and 2.6 X 10(8) M-1 s-1 and 6.9 s-1 for Ib- at pH 7.0. These results, together with those of control experiments with Malic Enzyme, suggest that Ia-, Ib-, and Ic- are transition state, or transient intermediate, analogues and that the mechanisms of the fumarase and aspartase reactions involve enzyme-bound 3-carbanions. PMID- 7372611 TI - The site of alpha-chymotryptic activation of pigeon erythrocyte adenylate cyclase. AB - Treatment of intact pigeon erythrocytes with trypsin or alpha-chymotrypsin does not alter the isoproterenol-dependent adenylate cyclase activity in plasma membranes prepared after proteolysis. However, both proteases affect adenylate cyclase activity when isolated membranes are digested. Thus, the proteases probably act at the cytoplasmic side of the membranes. This conclusion is supported by the finding that proteases are able to inhibit NADH cytochrome c oxidoreductase, an enzyme located on the inner face of the plasma membrane. In isolated membranes, trypsin inhibits adenylate cyclase. Chymotrypsin (2.5 microgram/ml, 10 min, 37 degrees C) activates adenylate cyclase about 3-fold when the enzyme activity is measured with NaF, guanosine 5'-(beta, gamma-imino) triphosphate, or guanosine 5'-(beta, gamma-imino)-triphosphate and isoproterenol. Chymotrypsin also activates adenylate cyclase in membranes pretreated with cholera toxin. Activation by chymotrypsin is not expressed when adenylate cyclase is assayed with 5 mM Mn2+ without guanine nucleotides or fluoride. However, the chymotryptic activation is expressed when guanosine 5'-(beta, gamma-imino) triphosphate is present together with Mn2+. We conclude that interaction of the guanine nucleotide regulatory subunit with the catalytic subunit of adenylate cyclase is required for expression of chymotryptic activation. PMID- 7372612 TI - Substrate activation of phenylalanine hydroxylase. A kinetic characterization. PMID- 7372613 TI - Irreversible inactivation of the methotrexate transport system of L1210 cells by carbodiimide-activated substrates. AB - Methotrexate and 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide react to form a relatively unstable product (activated methotrexate) that irreversibly inhibits methotrexate transport in L1210 mouse leukemia cells. The rate of methotrexate transport was reduced 50% by pretreatment of cells with activated methotrexate at a concentration of 1 microM and by 98% upon exposure to an excess (40 microM) of this agent. Specificity was demonstrated by the fact that activated methotrexate had no effect on other transport systems (i.e. leucine and phosphate) and that complete protection against inactivation was afforded by either the unlabeled substrate (methotrexate) or a competitive inhibitor (phosphate). The carbodiimide generated derivatives of aminopterin, folate, and p-aminobenzoylglutamate were also irreversible inhibitors of methotrexate transport, and their relative effectiveness paralleled the ability of the parent compounds (aminopterin greater than methotrexate greater than folate greater than p-aminobenzoylglutamate) to act as reversible transport inhibitors. Measurements at 4 degrees C showed that activated methotrexate (Ki = 0.8 microM) was a competitive inhibitor for binding of methotrexate (KD = 0.4 microM) to the transport protein. Treatment of the cells with sufficient activated methotrexate to inhibit transport increased the KD for methotrexate to 0.9 microM but had no effect on total methotrexate-binding activity. Methotrexate efflux was also reduced but was not blocked by an excess of this reagent. PMID- 7372614 TI - Control of glycoprotein synthesis. The purification by preparative high voltage paper electrophoresis in borate of glycopeptides containing high mannose and complex oligosaccharide chains linked to asparagine. AB - The heterogeneity of glycopeptides prepared from pronase digests of various glycoproteins has previously been demonstrated primarily by lengthy paper chromatography of oligosaccharides released from the glycopeptides by enzymatic or chemical means. We describe the use of high voltage paper electrophoresis in borate for the resolution of seven glycopeptides from ovalbumin and seven glycopeptides from human immunoglobulin G. This technique has been used in the preparation of glycopeptide substrates required for the study of certain glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. PMID- 7372615 TI - Trypsin-catalyzed conversion of staphylococcal nuclease-T fragment complexes to covalent forms. PMID- 7372616 TI - Intrahepatic precursor form of rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Isolation and properties. PMID- 7372617 TI - Base-pairing in conserved 3' end of 18 S rRNA as determined by psoralen photoreaction and RNase sensitivity. AB - Wheat and rabbit 18 rRNAs radiolabeled at the 3' end with [5'-32P]pCp were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after chemical cleavage or partial enzymatic digestion under nondenaturing conditions. rRNA was similarly analyzed after photoreaction with 4'-aminomethyl-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen and photoreversal of the resulting pyrimidine cross-links. The digestion patterns indicated the presence of a base-paired structure within a conserved 3'-terminal sequence. This structure corresponds to the 3'-proximal hairpin configuration suggested previously for the small subunit rRNAs of Escherichia coli, yeast, rat, and silkworm on the basis of their nucleotide sequences. PMID- 7372618 TI - Protein antigens of normal and malignant human cells identified by immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Spleen cells from a mouse immunized with human melanoma cells were fused with mouse myeloma cells, and somatic cell hybrids were grown in selective medium. Eight hybrids, which secreted antibodies to protein antigens of the melanoma cell line, were identified by immunoprecipitation of a 125I-labeled melanoma cell lysate followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitates and autoradiography. Seven of the eight melanoma proteins identified in this way were present at the cell surface. Two of the cell surface proteins, p80 and p97, were not detected in autologous fibroblasts. PMID- 7372619 TI - Messenger RNA coding for the deleted heavy chain of mouse myeloma MOPC 47A immunoglobulin. AB - Mouse IgA 47A is an immunoglobulin variant whose heavy (alpha) chain has a molecular weight of 40,000 and lacks the entire CH3 domain. In order to understand better the mechanism by which the CH3 domain is lost, the 47A heavy chain mRNA has been partially purified. The mRNA migrated as a 17 S species on sucrose gradients and coded for the cell-free synthesis of only one serologically reactive protein with an apparent molecular weight of 42,000. Competitive inhibition of immunoprecipitation and tryptic peptide analysis of a cyanogen bromide fragment of the in vitro product revealed significant homology between the authentically secreted heavy chain and the respective cell-free synthesized, immunoprecipitated product. The heavy chain mRNA of 47A possessed a chain length of about 2200 nucleotides which is the same size as a normal alpha heavy chain mRNA, thus demonstrating that the protein deletion is not due to a large deletion at the mRNA level. The deletion in the 47A heavy chain may be due to a frameshift of a single nucleotide followed by premature chain termination. PMID- 7372620 TI - Altered ribosomal proteins in mutants of the fungus Podospora anserina. AB - In the fungus Podospora anserina, a double mutant strain which combines two ribosomal mutations exhibits a marked sensitivity to NH4+ acetate. Mutations which suppress this phenotype were isolated. Two mutants were found to have an electrophoretically altered ribosomal protein. In one mutant, protein S15 from the small subunit has a reduced charge; in the other, the 60 S protein L16 is shorter than the homologous wild type protein. Both mutant and wild type proteins are present in heterokaryotic strains combining mutant and wild type nuclei. We therefore propose that the alteration of S15 and L16 results from mutations in the structural genes for these proteins. PMID- 7372621 TI - Chemical characterization of an alkali-labile bond in the polypeptide of proline reductase from Clostridium sticklandii. AB - In previous studies, it was shown that a 4600-dalton pyruvate-containing peptide is released from proline reductase by mild alkali treatment. The alkali-sensitive bond proved to be between Ser-Glu, and it was suggested that an ester, rather than a peptide linkage, might be involved. In the present study, the effects of additional esterolytic reagents, (I) LiBH4 and (II) NH2OH, on proline reductase have been investigated and compared with 0.1 N NaOH-induced cleavage. Treatment with reagents I and II released a peptide identical with the peptide released by alkali as judged by electrophoretic mobility on thin layer sheets, COOH-terminal analyses, and amino acid compositional studies. The glutamic acid residue is converted to alpha-amino-delta-hydroxyvaleric acid after reductive cleavage with LiBH4. The liberation of the peptide fragment by the relatively specific esterolytic reagent, LiBH4, provides additional support of the presence of an ester linkage in native proline reductase. PMID- 7372623 TI - 13N,15N isotope and kinetic evidence against hyponitrite as an intermediate in dentrification. AB - 13N- and 15N-labeling experiments were carried out with Paracoccus denitrificans, grown anaerobically on nitrate, to determine whether hyponitrite might be an obligatory intermediate in denitrification and a precursor of nitrous oxide. From experiments designed to trap [13N]- or [15N,15N]hyponitrite by dilution into authentic hyponitrite it was calculated that the intracellular concentration of a presumptive hyponitrite pool must be less than 0.4 mM. In order for a pool of this size to turn over rapidly enough to handle the flux of nitrogen during dentrifucation, the spontaneous rate of hyponitrite dehydration must be enhanced by a factor of several thousand through enzyme catalysis. Cell extracts failed to catalyze this reaction under a variety of conditions. It is concluded that hyponitrite cannot be an intermediate in dentrification. In addition, the assimilation of inorganic nitrogen was studied in P. denitrificans using 13N as tracer. At low concentrations (less than 10(-8) M) of labeled nitrate and nitrite 5 to 10% of the label was assimilated into non-volatile metabolites and 90 to 95% was reduced to N2. Similarly, with 15 mM [13N]nitrate, 5% of the label went into metabolites and 95% to N2. High pressure liquid chromatography analysis of the labeled metabolites indicated that the major pathway for assimilation of inorganic nitrogen in P. denitrificans under these conditions is through ammonia incorporation via the aspartase reaction. PMID- 7372622 TI - Estimation of the percentage of free steroid in undiluted serum by centrifugal ultrafiltration-dialysis. AB - A new method is described for the estimation of the percentages of free steroids in undiluted serum or plasma. Samples were incubated with 3H-steroid and [14C]glucose, and duplicate aliquots of the mixture were subjected to centrifugal ultrafiltration through a dialysis membrane at 37 degrees C. The percentages of free estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone in serum were estimated by comparing the ratio of 3H-steroid to [14C]glucose in the ultrafiltrate with the corresponding ratio in the serum retained by the dialysis membrane. In addition to being highly reproducible, the present method affords several advantages over existing methods. The use of [14C]glucose to monitor the movement of unbound serum components obviates measurement of the ultrafiltrate volume, and because the ultrafiltrate remains in contact with the dialysis membrane, small molecular weight components are able to pass through the dialysis membrane in either direction during centrifugal ultrafiltration. This latter feature, which could be described as "isodialysis," allows the estimation of the percentage of free steroid under conditions which closely approximate the in vivo situation. PMID- 7372624 TI - Purification and characterization of an oxygenase component in benzoate 1,2 dioxygenase system from Pseudomonas arvilla C-1. AB - The benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase system of Pseudomonas arvilla consists of two proteins, an NADH-cytochrome c reductase and an oxygenase. The oxygenase component was purified to apparent homogeneity by the criteria of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from benzoate-induced cells of P. arvilla. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 273,000 by sedimentation equilibrium analysis, 280,000 by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels of different concentrations, and 270,000 by Sepharose CL-6B gel filtration, respectively. The sedimentation coefficient, the Stokes radius, and the partial specific volume of the enzyme were calculated to be 10.0 S, 56 A, and 0.72 ml/g, respectively. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was estimated to be pH 4.5. The enzyme contained about 10 mol of iron and about 8 mol of labile sulfide/mol of enzyme. The iron sulfur clusters of the enzyme were suggested to be (2Fe-2S*) from cluster extrusion experiments (S*, sulfide, acid-labile sulfur). No significant amounts of heme or flavin were detected in the enzyme. The enzyme exhibited absorption spectrum with maxima at 279, 325, and 464 nm. The turnover number of the enzyme in the presence of saturating amounts of NADH-cytochrome c reductase, the other component of the benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase system, was calculated to be 22,000 at 24 degrees C. The apparent Km values for the reductase, benzoate, and molecular oxygen were 26 (0.97 mg of protein/ml), 3.9, and 4.3 microM, respectively. PMID- 7372625 TI - Boronic acid inhibitors of porcine pancreatic lipase. AB - Porcine pancreatic lipase was inhibited by alkane and arene boronic acids. The inhibition by octadecane boronic acid was competitive when measured against the hydrolysis of dissolved tripropionin in the presence of siliconized glass beads. The value of Ki in this system was 1.34 x 10(3) molecules micron-2. The ratio of substrate to inhibitor concentrations giving 50% inhibition was in the range of 700 to 2200, indicating that lipase has a greater affinity for boronic acids than for tripropionin. Boronic acids did not interfere with the interaction of lipase with the siliconized glass/water interface, demonstrating that the binding of lipase to substrate interfaces, the first step in lipase action, was not the step at which inhibition occurred. The boronic acid binding site on lipase is at or near the active center serine since modification of this residue by diethyl p nitrophenyl phosphate was prevented by boronic acids. Modification of the active center serine residue by diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate also prevented boronic acid binding. Binding of a chromophoric boronic acid, 7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3 diazolyl m-aminobenzene boronic acid, to lipase was demonstrated by equilibrium gel filtration on polyacrylamide beads (Bio-Gel P-60) in the presence of 4 mM sodium taurodeoxycholate. The complex contained 1 molecule of boronic acid per molecule of lipase and had a dissociation constant Kd of 5 x 10(-6) M. The boronic acid was not bound in the absence of taurodeoxycholate. Boronic acids are believed to be analogs of the tetrahedral intermediate in the action of lipase. PMID- 7372626 TI - Structural studies on the carbohydrate portion of human antithrombin III. AB - Human antithrombin III has been shown to contain four identical N-glycosidically linked carbohydrate chain per molecule. These carbohydrate chains have been investigated by sugar and methylation analysis before and after removal of N acetylneuraminic acid residues. The chains have been further investigated by Smith degradation, trifluoroacetolytic degradation, and degradation after chromium trioxide oxidation. As a result of these studies, the following structures is proposed for the carbohydrate chains in human antithrombin III: (formula: see text). NeuNAc, N-acetylneuraminic acid; Galp, galactopyranose; GlcNAcp, 2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucopyranose; Manp, mannopyranose are the abbreviations used in the structure. PMID- 7372628 TI - Urinary oligosaccharides of mannosidosis. AB - Nine oligosaccharide fractions were purified from the urine of mannosidosis patients by Bio-Gel P-4 column chromatography, paper chromatography, and paper electrophoresis. Studies using exoglycosidase digestion, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and acetolysis revealed that most of the fractions were mixtures of two or three isomeric oligosaccharides. The structures of a total of 16 oligosaccharides were elucidated to be as follows: (formula: see text). PMID- 7372627 TI - Synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol by alveolar type II cells in primary culture. AB - Saturated phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol are important components of pulmonary surface active material. We studied the synthesis of these two phospholipid classes by alveolar type II cells in primary culture. During a 20-h incubation, type II cells incorporated a high percentage of glycerol, acetate, and palmitate into phosphatidylcholine (61.2, 76.4, and 76.8% of lipid radioactivity, respectively) and into phosphatidylglycerol (16.7, 5.8, and 6.6%). Acetate was incorporated principally by de novo synthesis of fatty acids rather than by chain elongation. We studied the pathways for synthesis of saturated phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol with type II cells that had been in culture for 1 day. Palmitate was incorporated nearly equally into positions 1 and 2 of saturated phosphatidylglycerol, but predominantly (72%) into position 2 of saturated phosphatidylcholine. These data imply that saturated phosphatidylcholine is synthesized at least in part by acylation of 1-acyl-2 lysophosphatidylcholine. Alveolar type II cells also incorporated a mixture of saturated 1-[9,10-3H]palmitoyl-2-lysophosphatidylcholine and 1-acyl-2 lysophosphatidyl-[1,2-14C]choline from the medium by direct acylation rather than by transacylation. As the duration of culture increased beyond 1 day, type II cells incorporated a lower percentage of palmitate into phosphatidylglycerol and saturated phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 7372629 TI - Complete loss of kinetoplast DNA sequences induced by ethidium bromide or by acriflavine in Trypanosoma equiperdum. AB - A fully kinetoplastic strain of an antigenic variant of Trypanosoma equiperdum has been made dyskinetoplastic by successive treatments of infected rats with ethidium bromide or acriflavine. After seven passages in the absence of the dye, the loss of kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) is stable and complete as shown by analytical ultracentrifugation, CsCl-dye gradients, and the reassociation kinetics of in vitro-labeled kDNA. Moreover, these trypanosomes exhibit the same infectivity as the wild type. These results suggest that neither the minicircles nor the maxicircles of the kDNA network are essential to the viability and the pathogenicity of blood-stream trypanosomes. PMID- 7372630 TI - Purification and partial characterization of a murine melanoma-associated antigen. PMID- 7372631 TI - Concanavalin A induces the release of intracellular Ca2+ in intact rabbit thymocytes. PMID- 7372633 TI - Energy-linked quinacrine fluorescence changes in submitochondrial particles from skeletal muscle mitochondria. Evidence for intramembrane H+ transfer as a primary reaction of energy coupling. AB - Submitochondrial particles obtained from skeletal muscle are open membrane fragments which show energy coupling yet cannot sustain transmembrane ion gradients. An energy-linked decrease in fluorescence emission of the fluorescent probe quinacrine is observed with skeletal muscle particles which is enhanced by the anion SCN-. This is essentially the same reaction observed with beef heart submitochondrial particles, in which the reaction is known to be a monitor of intramembrane H+ transfer. The results with skeletal muscle particles show that this intramembrane H+ transfer occurs in the absence of any electrochemical potential across the membrane. Further, it occurs independently of the direction of H+ exchange with the suspendingly medium, since energization of skeletal muscle submitochondrial particles is known to give H+ efflux into the medium, while energization of beef heart particles gives H+ uptake from the medium. We conclude that a primary reaction of energy coupling is intramembrane H+ transfer linked to electron transport but shielded from the suspending medium. Movements of H+ between membrane and medium are secondary reactions derived from the primary one, possibly linked by a series of intramembrane conformational changes comprising a sequential membrane Bohr effect. PMID- 7372634 TI - 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate in developing rabbit erythroid cells. AB - Rabbits were made anemic to different extents by phenylhydrazine injections so as to vary the developmental stages of the erythroid cells in their peripheral blood and bone marrow. It was found that the more severe the anemia, the lower the concentration of glycerate-2,3-P2 in the bone marrow cells and in the circulating erythroid cells. The glycerate-2,3-P2 level was shown to rise during erythroid differentiation in a linear relationship to the hemoglobin level, corresponding to the equation Y = 0.03x + 0.29, where y is the concentration of glycerate-2,3 P2 (micromoles per ml packed cells) and x is the concentration of hemoglobin (milligrams per packed cells). The bone marrow cells were fractionated on a size (i.e. maturity) basis and enzyme activities in the fractionated cells were measured. The accumulation of glycerate-2,3-P2 was found to be primarily attributable to the increase in glycerate-2,3-P2 synthase activity. Glycerate-2,3 P2 phosphatase and phosphofructokinase increased as the cells matured from the polychromatic stages to become reticulocytes while pyruvate kinase and phosphoglyceromutase decreased. The changes in phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase appear to be advantageous for glycerate-2,3-P2 accumulation. The two enzyme activities directly responsible for the synthesis and the breakdown of glycerate-2,3-P2 are probably manifested by a single protein, glycerate-2,3-P2 synthase-phosphatase. PMID- 7372632 TI - Differential turnover of rat liver isoferritins. AB - Rat liver ferritins consist of families of isoferritins fashioned from different proportions of two subunit types, H and L. Iron administration alters both the absolute and the relative amounts of these isoferritins through an increase in L rich forms. This phenotype change represents preferential synthesis of L-rich isoferritins together with a faster degradation of H-rich isoferritins. The turnover rates of isoferritins in the same liver are markedly different and vary progressively with subunit composition. The H and L subunits in individual isoferritins appear to turn over at similar rates, suggesting that the various isoferritins are degraded as intact shells rather than through exchange and degradation of subunits. PMID- 7372635 TI - Control of collagen production by human diploid lung fibroblasts. AB - The fibroblast is a differentiated mesenchymal cell which produces and exports collagen, a macromolecule that plays a critical structural role in the function of most organs. To evaluate the control soft tissue fibroblasts have over collagen production, HFL-1, a diploid human lung cell strain, was studied during periods of rapid cell growth and relatively slow growth over 25 population doublings. To minimize environmental influences, the extracellular milieu of the cells was kept constant throughout the study period. Rates of collagen production per cell per unit time were quantitated by labeling HFL-1 with [14C]proline and measuring the production of [14C]hydroxyproline after taking into consideration the specific activity of [14C]proline within the free intracelllular proline pool and the per cent hydroxylation of proline residues in newly synthesized collagen. Although the specific activity of intracellular free proline and the per cent hydroxylation of proline in collagen varied considerably depending on the growth rates of the cells, collagen production by HFL-1 was constant, even during periods of rapid cell growth. Thus, under conditions of a stable environment, populations of soft tissue fibroblasts rigidly control their collagen production. In cultures that maintained a constant doubling time, this stability was maintained over at least 25 population doublings, suggesting that on the average, collagen production appears to be tightly controlled and dissociated from the events and sequelae of cell division. PMID- 7372636 TI - Formation of dehydroalanine residues during thyroid hormone synthesis in thyroglobulin. PMID- 7372637 TI - Kinetic characterization of cholyl-CoA glycine-taurine N-acyltransferase from bovine liver. AB - The bile acid-conjugating enzyme cholyl-coenzyme A:glycine/taurine N acyltransferase previously purified from bovine liver was subjected to a bisubstrate kinetic analysis. Double reciprocal plots of reaction rates as a function of variable concentrations of aminoa acid and cholyl-CoA yielded the nonintersecting type of plots typical of ping-pong reaction mechanisms. A Tetra Uni ping-pong mechanism was supported by further kinetic analysis including demonstration that the enzyme will catalyze the release of CoA from cholyl-CoA without glycine being present. This half-reaction is shown not to be the result of an acyl-CoA thiolase contaminating the N-acyltransferase preparation. The specificity of the enzyme for amino acid was found to be quite narrow; no detectable rate was found for D-Ala, L-Ala, L-Ser, L-Glu-NH2, L-ornithine, or beta-alanine. Activity toward various acyl-CoA derivatives was also tested. Phenylacetyl-CoA, benzoyl-CoA, and acetyl-CoA were not substrates. CoA derivatives of the other common bile acids were very good substrates. Conjugated bile acids were efficient competitive inhibitors of cholyl-CoA binding. Cholic acid also inhibited; however, its inhibition pattern was complex. The enzyme could be reversibly inhibited by p-mercuribenzoate and both cholyl-CoA and glycine protected. N-Ethylmaleimide and iodoacetate were not inhibitory. PMID- 7372638 TI - Studies on the carbohydrate of collagens. Characterization of a glucuronic acid mannose disaccharide unit from Nereis cuticle collagen. PMID- 7372639 TI - Kinetic and mechanistic studies on the oxidation of the melilotate hydroxylase . 2-OH-cinnamate complex by molecular oxygen. AB - The reaction mechanism of melilotate hydroxylase in the presence of 2-OH cinnamate has been investigated by equilibrium titration, steady state kinetic and rapid reaction kinetic techniques. Analysis of the rapid reaction results for the reoxidation of reduced enzyme . 2-OH-cinnamate complex by molecular oxygen revealed the presence of an intermediate with visible absorption spectrum very similar to that of a C4a-flavin adduct. Repetition of this reoxidation experiment in the presence of 32 mM potassium iodide indicated the sequential appearance of two C4a-flavin adducts. Further analysis of these spectra indicated that hydroxylation of the substrate occurred during the conversion of the first intermediate into the second. Reaction of the oxidized enzyme . 2-OH-cinnamate complex with NADH was saturable in NADH. Oxidized enzyme was converted, in an apparent first order fashion, to a reduced enzyme . NAD charge-transfer-type species which subsequently decayed to reduced enzyme. The turnover number calculated from rapid reaction data was in good agreement with that determined from steady state analyses. Titration and rapid reaction results indicated that at no point in the reaction was there an observable intermediate which contained 2-OH-cinnamate in its phenolate form. PMID- 7372640 TI - Enzymatic properties of the beta-galactoside alpha 1 leads to 2 fucosyltransferase from porcine submaxillary gland. AB - The acceptor substrate specificity and kinetic properties of the purified porcine submaxillary beta-galactoside alpha 1 leads to 2 fucosyltransferase have been examined. The transferase forms the Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2Gal linkage with oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids which contain nonreducing terminal galactose residues and shows no absolute specificity for a particular penultimate residue or for the linkage between the galactose and the penultimate residue. The fucosyltransferase is active in the absence of divalent metal ions, but it is stimulated upon addition of Mn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, or Co2+. Kinetic analysis indicates an increase in the Km for both donor and acceptor substrates and in the Vmax in the presence of Mn2+. Initial rate studies and inhibition patterns suggest that the transferase has either a rapid equilibrium random kinetic mechanism or a steady state ordered mechanism with GDP-fucose binding first. Human "Bombay" erythrocytes which lack cell surface Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2Gal structures are fucosylated by the transferase, but expression of H blood group activity is dependent on treatment of the cells with neuraminidase. After neuraminidase digestion, the fucosylated cells are serologically identical to native O-type cells. Analysis of the fucosylated material in the erythrocyte membrane on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggests that fucose is incorporated primarily into glycoprotein acceptors. PMID- 7372641 TI - Human fetal liver contains both zinc- and copper-rich forms of metallothionein. AB - Metallothionein was purified under anaerobic conditions from livers of human fetuses ranging from 19 weeks gestational age to term. Homogeneous metallothionein obtained in the absence of reducing agents from the soluble fraction of the tissue which contained 24% and 85% of the total liver copper and zinc, respectively, had less than 1 g atom of copper and about 3.1 g atoms of zinc/mol. Extraction with 1% 2-mercaptoethanol of the insoluble fraction of the tissue (containing 76% and 15% of the liver copper and zinc, respectively) yielded a metallothionein with approximately 2.5 g atoms of copper and 1.3 g atoms of zinc. When the whole tissue was extracted similarly by the procedure of Ryden and Deutsch ((1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 519), nearly equal proportions of the two metals were obtained in the soluble fraction from which metallothionein, with about 3.0 g atoms of zinc and 1.5 g atoms of copper, was purified. Thus, zinc- and copper-rich forms of metallothionein are differently distributed between the soluble and insoluble fractions of fetal liver. Nevertheless, the predominant metal in metallothionein of human fetal liver is zinc as is the case in the adult; significant amounts of copper are also present, consistent with the elevated quantity of this metal in the fetal tissue relative to the adult. Cadmium was not detected. Zinc is much more easily removed from the protein than is copper. PMID- 7372642 TI - Insertion of fluorescent phospholipids into the plasma membrane of a mammalian cell. PMID- 7372643 TI - A glycoprotein from neurites of differentiated neuroblastoma cells. AB - Neurites were prepared by a novel method from differentiating mouse neuroblastoma cells. When electrically differentiated cells were labeled metabolically with L [3H]fucose or D-[3H]glucosamine, both the neurites and the surface membranes showed the presence of a glycoprotein of apparent Mr = 200,000. In contrast, the level of this glycoprotein was reduced in the surface membranes from nondifferentiated cells and a radioactive glycoprotein of similar molecular weight was found in the growth medium. The method for the isolation of neurites is of potential usage in distinguishing specific proteins associated with growing neurites. PMID- 7372645 TI - Detection and partial characterization of a protein in mouse fibroblasts that binds and inhibits trypsin. PMID- 7372644 TI - Cell surface receptor binding of phospholipid . protein complexes containing different ratios of receptor-active and -inactive E apoprotein. PMID- 7372646 TI - Determinants of hepatic uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants in the rat. AB - The uptake and metabolism of lymphatic large chylomicrons from fat-fed rats, lymphatic small chylomicrons from glucose-fed rats, and hepatic very low density lipoproteins from perfusates of isolated livers, and of remnants produced from these lipoproteins in functionally eviscerated rats were studied in the isolated perfused rat liver. All lipoproteins were labeled isotopically in their cholesteryl ester and triglyceride moieties. Uptake of the labeled lipids or large chylomicrons was slow and limited, but these lipids in small chylomicrons and hepatic very low density lipoproteins were taken up and metabolized progressively and at equal rates. Incubation with very low density lipoprotein free plasma increased the content of C apolipoproteins in small chylomicrons and hepatic very low density lipoproteins and greatly retarded the hepatic uptake of their labeled lipids. In remnants from all sources, which are depleted of C apolipoproteins but not of apolipoprotein E, the labeled lipids were rapidly taken up and metabolized. Neither extensive hydrolysis of core triglycerides nor the production of monoglycerides was required for this rapid hepatic uptake. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that one or more of the C apolipoproteins opposes and apolipoprotein E promotes recognition of triglyceride rich lipoproteins by a hepatic receptor. PMID- 7372647 TI - Transient kinetic study of liver microsomal FAD-containing monooxygenase. AB - Stopped flow kinetic studies have been used to demonstrate three features of the enzymatic mechanism of the microsomal FAD-containing monooxygenase from hog liver. First, in contrast to the bacterial flavin-containing monooxygenases, reduction of the FAD is independent of substrate. Second, the rate of the reaction of reduced enzyme with oxygen to form the C(4a)-peroxyflavin intermediate is independent of substrate. Third, the rate of transformation of the C(4a)-peroxyflavin to oxidized FAD is substrate-dependent. These results are in agreement with the mechanism, determined by steady state kinetic studies (Poulsen, L.L., and Ziegler, D.M. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 6449-6455), which predicts that the reduced flavin reacts with oxygen before combination with substrate. PMID- 7372649 TI - Effects of receptor-specific antibody on the uptake of desialylated glycoproteins in the isolated perfused rat liver. AB - Removal of the terminal sialic acid residues from most mammalian glycoproteins results in their rapid transfer from the circulation into the liver. In vitro, these desialylated glycoproteins bind to a specific membrane-associated hepatic lectin which has a ubiquitous distribution within the liver cell. In the present study, infusion of a specific antibody to the purified lectin into the portal vein of an isolated perfused rat liver prior to injection of radiolabeled asialoorosomucoid or bilirubin reduced the rate of influx of asialoorosomucoid into the liver by over 80%, while the influx of bilirubin was unchanged. Although uptake of asialoorosomucoid remained blocked for at least 90 min after excess antibody was removed from the perfusion system, the total hepatic content of functional binding protein was nearly normal. These results indicate that interaction with specific cell surface lectin is essential for removal of asialoorosomucoid from the circulation. During the 90 min following infusion of antibody, no functional lectin is restored to the surface of hepatocytes. PMID- 7372650 TI - Copper is not essential for the catalytic activity of L-tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase. PMID- 7372648 TI - Protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes. A study of the mechanism of interreaction of fluorescently labeled co-eIF-2A with eIF-2 using fluorescence polarization. AB - 5-Dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl (dansyl)-Co-eIF-2A was prepared using homogeneous Co-eIF-2A. Dansyl-Co-eIF-2A was as active as untreated Co-eIF-2A when assayed for stimulation of ternary complex formation and also for protection of the ternary complex from dissociation by aurintricarboxylic acid. The mechanism of interaction of dansyl-Co-eIF-2A with eIF-2 was studied by measuring changes in fluorescence polarization. These studies indicate that dansyl-Co-eIF-2A interacts specifically with the ternary complex and does not interact with free eIF-2 or with two other high molecular weight protein complexes, Co-eIF-2B and Co-eIF-2C. Mg2+ inhibits ternary complex formation by eIF-2 and Co-eIF-2C relieves this Mg2+ inhibition of ternary complex formation. In both cases, the changes in fluorescence polarization of dansyl-Co-eIF-2A correlate well with the extent of ternary complex formed. PMID- 7372651 TI - Temperature perturbation of the allosteric equilibrium in trout hemoglobin. AB - The carbon monoxide binding kinetics of the isolated trout Hb I has been investigated by flash photolysis at various temperatures, from approximately 20 degrees to 72 degrees C. The time course of recombination has been quantitatively analyzed with a simple two-state allosteric model, making use of the thermodynamic data previously obtained. These new experiments and their analysis show that a simple two-state kinetic model is adequate, in the case of trout Hb I, to describe quantitatively the time course of CO binding at all temperatures. Moreover, we show that temperature can be used to perturb the quaternary conformational equilibrium, the high affinity state of the molecule (R) being progressively more populated at higher temperatures. PMID- 7372652 TI - Mitochondrial malic enzymes. Mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme activity and malate-dependent pyruvate formation are progression-linked in Morris hepatomas. PMID- 7372654 TI - Substrate stabilization of lysozyme to thermal and guanidine hydrochloride denaturation. AB - The thermal and guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) denaturation of lysozyme has been investigated at various concentrations of tri-N-acetylglucosamine ((GlcNAc)3), a trisaccharide which binds specifically at the active site of native lysozyme. The presence of (GlcNAc)3 leads to a readily observable stabilization of the protein to thermal and GdnHCl denaturation. An analysis of guanidine hydrochloride denaturation curves shows that the stability of lysozyme is increased by 495 cal/mol by the presence of 3 x 10(-4) M (GlcNAc)3. The midpoint of the thermal denaturation curve, T 1/2, is increased 1.6 and 5.3 degrees C by 2.02 x 10(-4) M and 1.38 x 10(-3) M (GlcNAc)3, respectively. This corresponds to an increase in the stability of lysozyme of 385 and 1275 cal/mol. These results are in excellent agreement with predictions based on an equation derived by Schellman ((1975) Biopolymers 14, 999-1018) to take into account the effect of ligand binding on the melting temperature of a protein. delta T 1/2 = TT0R divided by delta HD ln (1 + KB[S]) where T and T0 are T1/2 values in the presence and absence of (GlcNAc)3, delta HD is the enthalpy of denaturation in the presence of (GlcNAc)3, KB in the equilibrium constant for the binding of (GlcNAc)3 to lysozyme, and [S] is the free concentration of (GlcNAc)3. Thus, the increased stability of an enzyme in the presence of its substrate, coenzyme, or any small molecule that it binds specifically results because binding to the native state shifts the unfolding equilibrium and decreases the concentration of unfolded states of the enzyme. It is suggested that this may be a more important factor than substrate-induced conformational changes in acccounting for the decreased rates of protein catabolism frequently observed in vivo at elevated substrate concentrations. PMID- 7372653 TI - Mitochondrial malic enzymes. An association between NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme and cell renewal in Sprague-Dawley rat tissues. AB - The activities of the mitochondrial NAD(P)+- and NADP+-dependent malic enzymes were measured in 11 tissues of the male Sprague-Dawley rat. The NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme was present in small intestinal mucosa, spleen, thymus, lung, and testis. Each of these tissues contain cells that are undergoing active rates of renewal. The NADP+-dependent malic enzyme was not confined to tissues undergoing cell renewal, and was present in mitochondria from brain, skeletal, and heart muscle, kidney, and lung and testis. Both enzymes were absent or at a low activity in normal and regenerating liver. The results support, and extent to nonneoplastic tissues, our proposal that cells which show active and sustained rates of renewal contain the NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme and have a unique intramitochondrial pathway for malate oxidation (Sauer, L.A., Dauchy, R.T., Nagel, W.O., and Morris, H.P. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 3844-3848). PMID- 7372656 TI - Inactivation of mammary cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors under cell-free conditions. PMID- 7372655 TI - Neuroblastoma differentiation involves both the disappearance of old and the appearance of new poly(A)+ messenger RNA sequences in polyribosomes. AB - The cholinergic mouse neuroblastoma cell line NS20Y was adapted to undifferentiated growth in suspension culture. When suspension cells were transferred to surface culture and treated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP, the cells underwent differentiation as assessed by biochemical, morphological, and physiological criteria. Differentiated NS20Y cells in co-culture with mouse muscle cells had the capacity to form functional neuromuscular junctions with the muscle cells. The sequence complexities of the poly(A)-containing messenger RNA (poly(A)+ mRNA) of the differentiated, process-forming cells (P-cells) and undifferentiated cells in suspension culture (S-cells) were measured by analysis of the kinetics of hybridization of the mRNAs with their complementary DNAs (cDNAs). There were less than 100 high abundance and approximately 8000 low abundance poly(A)+ mRNAs in both differentiation states. Heterologous hybridization reactions and recycling of the cDNA probes revealed that 9.7% and 6.8% of the messages in P- and S-cells, respectively, were specific to those differentiation states. The P-cell-specific sequences included approximately 3 high abundance and 320 low abundance poly(A)+ mRNAs. The S-cell-specific sequences included approximately 3 high abundance and 250 low abundance poly(A)+ mRNAs. We conclude that the increment in NS20Y differentiation results in both the disappearance of old, and the appearance of new mRNAs in polyribosomes. PMID- 7372657 TI - Ligand-dependent heme-protein interactions in human hemoglobin studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Effects of quaternary structure on alpha chain tertiary structure measured at the alpha-104(G11) cysteine-SH. PMID- 7372658 TI - Hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase. Apparent molal volumes and trimethyl and methyl subsites. PMID- 7372659 TI - In vivo and in vitro mechanisms regulating rat liver beta-hydroxy-beta methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity. PMID- 7372660 TI - Energy metabolism of skeletal muscle containing cyclocreatine phosphate. Delay in onset of rigor mortis and decreased glycogenolysis in response to ischemia or epinephrine. PMID- 7372661 TI - Evidence for an associative mechanism in the phosphoryl transfer step catalyzed by rabbit muscle creatine kinase. AB - Creatine kinase does not catalyze the scrambling of 18O in adenosine 5'-[alpha beta-18O, beta-18O2]triphosphate in the absence of creatine, in the presence of L arginine or taurocyamine (competitive inhibitors of creatine), or in the presence of poor substrates where single turnover experiments were performed. In order to support this prima facie evidence for an associative mechanism of phosphoryl transfer, an investigation was undertaken of 1-carboxymethyl-2-aminoimidazole, a new substrate analogue of creatine. This analogue has a binding constant for rabbit muscle creatine kinase similar to creatine and 1-carboxymethyl-2 iminoimidazolidine, but the initial rate of phoshorylation by MgATP in the presence of creatine kinase is almost 5 orders of magnitude slower. The phosphorylation product, assigned the structure 1-carboxymethyl-2-imino-3-phospho 4-imidazoline is also a poor substrate for the phosphorylation of MgADP by creatine kinase. These observations can be accounted for by an associative SN2(P) mechanism of phosphoryl transfer and by a microenvironment of the enzyme-bound creatine (or creatine analogue) which lowers the pKa of the guanidino group by several pH units compared with that in aqueous solution. PMID- 7372662 TI - The mechanism of action of penicillin. Penicillin acylates the active site of Bacillus stearothermophilus D-alanine carboxypeptidase. AB - Penicillin kills susceptible bacteria by specifically inhibiting the transpeptidase that catalyzes the final step in cell wall biosynthesis, the cross linking of peptidoglycan. It was hypothesized (Tipper, D., and Strominger, J. (1965) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 54, 1133-1141) that 1) penicillin is a structural analog of the acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of the pentapeptide side chains of nascent peptidoglycan, and that 2) penicillin, by virtue of its highly reactive beta-lactam structure, irreversibly acylates the active site of the cell wall transpeptidase. Although the cell wall transpeptidase has proven elusive, a closely related penicillin-sensitive cell wall enzyme, D-alanine carboxypeptidase, has been purified from membranes of Bacillus stearothermophilus by penicillin affinity chromatography. By amino acid sequence analysis of 14C labeled cyanogen bromide peptides generated and purified from this carboxypeptidase covalently labeled with either [14C]penicillin G or the substrate, [14C]diacetyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-lactate, it was shown that the penicillin and substrate were both bound as esters to a serine at residue 36. Therefore, the second hypothesis stated above was proven to be correct for D alanine carboxypeptidase. Several new methods were developed in the course of this work, including 1) a rapid penicillin-binding assay, 2) use of hydroxylamine to protect peptides against carbamylation during ion exchange chromatography in concentrated urea solutions, and 3) gel filtration chromatography in 70% formic acid, a universal solvent for peptides. PMID- 7372663 TI - Characteristics of an amino acid transport system in rat liver for glutamine, asparagine, histidine, and closely related analogs. AB - In the rat hepatocyte, whether freshly separated or in primary culture, we do not find L-glutamine entry by Systems A and ASC as seen in cells previously studied. Instead the mediated entry of glutamine appears to occur exclusively by a Na+ dependent system ("N") apparently specific to amino acid amides and L-histidine; however, a portion of asparagine uptake occurs by System A. The simplest evidence for the separateness of the added system is the failure of model substrates for System A (e.g. N-methylalanine) to inhibit glutamine uptake significantly, and the failure of glutamine to inhibit the uptake of L-cysteine, model substrate for System ASC, at least in this cell. As is the case for cysteine, glutamine inhibits transport by System A (although not competitively), even though showing no transport by that system. Our finding confirms an earlier inference that glutamine uptake by this cell may follow a route not taken by alanine or serine, and explains the apparently erroneous companion inference that glutamine also shares a route with these two amino acids. Its uptake has now been characterized to show a series of differences from Systems A and ASC. Especially significant in view of the importance of glutamine metabolism are an insensitivity of the new system to stimulation by either insulin or glucagon, and its distinct enhancement (not as large as that for System A) on starvation of the cells with respect to amino acids. Hence, a second system has been found to show adaptive regulation. PMID- 7372664 TI - Regulation of cytochrome P-450-supported 11 beta-hydroxylation of deoxycortisol by steroids, oxygen, and antioxidants in adrenocortical cell cultures. PMID- 7372665 TI - Metal electronic effects on myoglobin conformational stability. AB - The first quantitative measurements of the effect of metal substitution on (myo)globin conformational stability are reported. Metallomyoglobins examined include Fe(III), Cr(III), Rh(III), Mn(III), Fe(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), and Ru(II). It is shown that the protein denaturant interaction is not altered, in general, by metal substitution. Therefore reversible denaturation provides a means to assess the dependence of myoglobin conformational energy on metal electronic state. A simple relationship was found between the conformational free energy of trivalent metal derivatives (delta delta G0u) and the metal imidazole bond strength (delta Gim) of that derivative. Clear differences are observed between the divalent and trivalent metal derivatives, independent of delta Gim. PMID- 7372666 TI - Effects of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate on uterine estrogen receptor. I. Inhibition of nuclear binding in cell-free system and intact uterus. PMID- 7372667 TI - Effects of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate on uterine estrogen receptor. II. Inhibition of estrogen . receptor transformation. AB - Previous observations suggested that pyridoxal 5'-phosphate was capable of inhibiting estrogen . receptor (R . E2) activation, or translocation to the nucleus, or both. The present study attempts to define more specifically the locus of this action. To this end we have examined the physicochemical alteration produced by interaction of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with estrogen . receptor complex, using sucrose density gradient analysis and dissociation kinetics. Receptor transformation was inhibited when activation was performed in the presence of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. This effect was protein- and pyridoxal 5' phosphate concentration-dependent. When pyridoxal 5'-phosphate was introduced postactivation it did not have any effect on the activated receptor, but when similar treatment was followed by NABH4 reduction, the complex reverted to the monomeric entity. The dissociation behavior obtained with cytosol R . E2, warmed in the presence of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, showed a biphasic curve suggesting that a significant portion of receptors remained nonactivated as demonstrated by the fast dissociating component. Due to the fact that Tris buffers cannot be used for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate experiments, we have used a borate buffer which resulted in a displacement of the sedimentation values from a 4S to 4.6 S for the unactivated receptor and 5S to 6 S for the activated form. The observations reported suggest that at least the initial effect of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate results in the inhibition of cytosolic receptor transformation from the nonactivated to the activated form. PMID- 7372668 TI - On the mechanism of action of cytochrome P-450. Spectral intermediates in the reaction of P-450LM2 with peroxy compounds. AB - In previous studies in this laboratory, highly purified liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 was shown to catalyze the hydroperoxide-dependent hydroxylation of a variety of substrates in the absence of NADPH, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, and molecular oxygen, and evidence was obtained that the oxygen atom in the product was derived from the peroxide. To determine whether the cytochrome functions in such reactions by a peroxidase-type mechanism, the kinetics of its interactions with a variety of substituted hydroperoxides and peroxy acids have been determined by stopped flow spectrophotometry. The reaction of P-450LM2 with various peroxy compounds yields an intermediate with an absorption maximum at about 436 nm in the difference spectrum, with pseudo-first order or biphasic kinetics depending upon the individual rate constants and the concentration of the oxidant used. The results are in accord with a reversible two-step mechanism, as follows: P-450 + oxidant in equilibrium C in equilibrium D, where C represents a transient intermediate which is detected spectrally only under certain conditions and is probably an enzyme . oxidant complex, and D is the complex with an absorption maximum at about 436 nm in the difference spectrum. The absolute and difference spectra of C and D vary in magnitude and in the positions of maxima and minima with the organic moiety of the peroxy compound used. Whereas the kinetics of the reaction with cumene hydroperoxide and benzyl hydroperoxide is unchanged in the pH range 5.0 to 9.0, that of perbenzoic acids decreases markedly at higher pH, thus indicating that only the unionized compound reacts with the enzyme. Experiments with a variety of substituted cumene hydroperoxides, benzyl hydroperoxides, and perbenzoic acids indicated that the first equilibrium is driven to the right by hydrophobic bonding of the oxidant to P-450LM2 and that the rate of conversion of C to D is increased by electron-withdrawing substituents in the oxidant and decreased by electron donating substituents. Following the formation of Complex D, irreversible heme destruction occurs slowly. These results indicate that the reaction of liver microsomal P-450 with peroxides differs in two important respects from that of typical peroxidases; the intermediates arising from the reaction of P-450LM2 with peroxy compounds are formed reversibly, and the spectra of these intermediates vary with structural differences in the peroxy compounds. Furthermore, the absence of a common isosbestic point in the spectra observed with P-450LM2 rules out the possibility that they represent mixtures of Compounds I and II as reported for peroxidases. PMID- 7372671 TI - Equilibrium binding of alkyl isocyanides to human hemoglobin. AB - The reactions of human hemoglobin with a series of 13 alkyl isocyanides have been examined in equilibrium titration experiments at pH 7, 20 degrees C. The ligands include: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, (+)- and (-)-sec butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, and benzyl isocyanides. All of these compounds exhibit sigmoidal binding curves; however, the amount of cooperativity expressed decreases with ligand length and increases as the alkyl side chains become more highly substituted. The overall affinity of hemoglobin for these compounds also exhibits a complex dependence on ligand size and stereochemistry. These results have been interpreted in terms of competing favorable hydrophobic interactions and unfavorable protein steric effects. The overall chemical potentials of the bound ligands were calculated from the sum of the observed binding free energy change and the relative chemical potentials of the isonitriles in aqueous solution. The resulting values allowed the construction of a rough, three-dimensional free energy map of steric hindrance at the sixth coordination position of the heme iron atom. This scheme suggests a cylindrical cavity of weak protein interactions into which ethyl isocyanide can easily fit. This cavity or mobile region of protein structure is surrounding by a more rigid region which results in large unfavorable steric interactions. Finally, this ring of more rigid structure is followed by an outer area where considerably smaller steric hindrance effects are observed. PMID- 7372670 TI - Tryptophan hydroxylase. The role of oxygen, iron, and sulfhydryl groups as determinants of stability and catalytic activity. AB - Tryptophan hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.4) from rat mid-brain is inactivated upon exposure to oxygen. The degree of inactivation is dependent both on the temperature and partial pressure of oxygen to which the enzyme is exposed. Furthermore, molecular oxygen, and not an oxygen or hydroxyl radical, is responsible for the inactivation. Sulfhydryl compounds and reductants partially protect the hydroxylase from inactivation by oxygen. Enzyme inhibited by oxygen can be reconstituted by anaerobic incubation in the presence of dithiothreitol and Fe2+ at 25 degrees C and in some experiments the inclusion of inorganic sulfide, in addition to dithiothreitol and Fe2+, led to even greater recoveries of activity. Preincubation of tryptophan hydroxylase with various sulfhydryl reagents or disulfide compounds also produces inactivation which can be rapidly reversed by dithiothreitol. The substrate tryptophan protects the enzyme from inactivation by sulfhydryl reagents and disulfides but not from inactivation by oxygen. Finally, the enzyme was inhibited by a variety of iron chelators. These results suggest that the catalytic activity of tryptophan hydroxylase is dependent on the oxidation-reduction status of--SH groups and iron sites, which are probably located at the catalytic (substrate binding) site of the enzyme. PMID- 7372672 TI - Rates of isonitrile binding to the isolated alpha and beta subunits of human hemoglobin. PMID- 7372669 TI - Differential hormonal control of a messenger RNA in two tissues Uteroglobin mRNA in the lung and the endometrium. PMID- 7372674 TI - Comparison of glucocorticoid-receptor binding kinetics with predictions from a biomolecular model. PMID- 7372675 TI - Biochemical properties of purified human terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. PMID- 7372673 TI - Kinetic and cooperative mechanisms of ligand binding to hemoglobin. AB - The reactions of 13 isonitriles with deoxyhemoglobin have been examined and characterized at pH 7, 20 degrees C. Kinetic studies have shown that these ligands can be divided into two mechanistic classes based on their size and stereochemistry. The larger and branched compounds (isopropyl, all butyl isomers, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, and benzyl isocyanides) exhibit biphasic time courses at all ligand concentrations as a result of intrinsic differences between the reactivities of the alpha and beta subunits. In contrast, the smaller isonitriles (methyl, ethyl, and n-propyl isocyanides) exhibit monophasic, and often accelerating, time courses at high ligand concentrations. At low concentrations, the smaller isonitriles also exhibit biphasic time courses; however, in this case, the two phases are due to marked differences between the dissociation rate constants of the high and low affinity quaternary conformations of the protein. Sets of equilibrium and kinetic data for the binding of 11 of the isonitriles were fitted to an expanded version of the two-state allosteric model first described by Monad, Wyman, and Changeux (Monod, J., Wyman, J., and Changeux, J.-P. (1965) J. Mol. 12, 108 118). The resultant rate and equilibrium constants for the R (high affinity) and T (low affinity) states were used to calculate chemical potentials for ligand molecules bound to the heme iron and for the kinetic barriers experienced by these compounds during the binding process. For the beta subunits, both the difference between the bound chemical potentials for the R and T states and the differences between the barrier potentials for the two protein conformations are independent of ligand length and stereochemistry. Thus, it would appear that steric interactions are not a major factor in the expression of cooperativity by these subunits. For alpha chains, a 30% decrease in the difference between the bound R and T state potentials is observed in going from methyl to n-hexyl isocyanide. In addition, a marked increase in the height of the T state, alpha chain kinetic barrier is observed with increasing length of the alkyl side chain. Thus, steric hindrance between the bound ligand molecule and protein residues at the sixth coordination position of the heme iron atom does appear to play a significant role in the expression of cooperativity by the alpha subunits, at least for the larger alkyl isocyanides. PMID- 7372676 TI - Biphasic uptake of Ca2+ by rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7372677 TI - Purification and properties of sterol carrier protein2. PMID- 7372678 TI - Topological arrangement of the major structural features of fibronectin. PMID- 7372679 TI - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of human platelet membranes. Diminished major antigen in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and Bernard-Soulier syndrome. PMID- 7372680 TI - Kinetics of glycosylation and intracellular transport of sialoglycoproteins in mouse liver. AB - We have obtained evidence in vivo for the intracellular site of sialylation of glycoproteins and have determined the kinetics of intramembranous transport of newly synthesized sialoglycoproteins. Radioactivity of sialoglycoproteins was determined at different times in homogenate, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and plasma membrane fractions of liver either from slices which had been incubated with radioactive N-acetylneuraminic acid or from mice which had been injected with radioactive sugar. At short times after labeling, the Golgi apparatus contained the highest specific activity of radioactive sialoglycoproteins and over half of the total cellular radioactive sialoglycoproteins. By 15 to 25 min, most of the radioactivity in the Golgi apparatus had decreased with a concomitant increase of radioactivity in the plasma membrane. Radioactivity in the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum accounted for less than 20% of the total cellular radioactivity throughout. Control experiments indicated that leakage of soluble, labeled sialoglycoproteins from membrane vesicles and adsorption of them onto vesicles was minimal. In contrast to the above studies, labeling for short times with radioactive mannose, showed, as expected from studies in vitro, most of the radioactivity in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. At longer times, the radioactivity in the rough endoplasmic reticulum decreased, with an increase in the plasma membrane. Throughout, the radioactivity in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum was low. PMID- 7372681 TI - Purification and characterization of lysyl-tRNA synthetase after dissociation of the particulate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases from rat liver. AB - The major aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex (the 24 S complex) isolated from rat liver, which contains lysyl-, leucyl-, and arginyl-tRNA synthetase activities, is dissociated into fully active free aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases by column chromatography on diaminooctyl-Sepharose. During the hydrophobic interaction chromatography, more than a quantitative yield of the lysyl-tRNA synthetase activity is obtained. The free lysyl-tRNA synthetase, dissociated from the synthetase complex, is purified about 2,000-fold with a 13% yield by conventional column chromatography. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase is also purified from the 24 S synthetase complex by affinity column chromatography on lysyl-diaminohexyl Sepharose. Free lysyl-tRNA synthetase as dissociated from the synthetase complex, is evidently a dimeric enzyme with a subunit molecular weight of 66,000 +/- 3,000, as determined by gel electrophoresis, sucrose gradient centrifugation and gel filtration. PMID- 7372682 TI - Purification and characterization of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from vaccinia virions. AB - A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase has been extracted from vaccinia virions and purified to near homogeneity as judged by glycerol gradient sedimentation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The native enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 500,000 and can be dissociated into putative subunits of 140,000, 137,000, 37,000, 35,000, 31,000, 22,000, and 17,000 daltons. Activity was dependent on all four ribonucleoside triphosphates, Mn2+, and a DNA template. Optimal activity occurred at pH 7.9 in the presence of 90 mM KCl or 40 mM (NH4)2SO4. All single-stranded DNAs tested served as templates. By contrast, linear double-stranded DNAs were not effectively transcribed and very low activity was obtained with circular supercoiled DNAs which contain small single stranded regions. The synthetic alternating copolymer poly(dA-dT), which forms a completely base-paired structure, also was not transcribed, whereas poly(dA,dT) and other random copolymers served as templates. Of the four homopolydeoxribonucleotides, only poly(dC) and poly(dT) were transcribed, suggesting that initiation specifically occurs with purine ribonucleotides. In support of this, higher Km values were obtained for GTP and ATP (333 and 80 micro M, respectively) than for UTP and CTP (22 and 12 micro M, respectively) using a DNA template. The RNA polymerase was inhibited by polyanions but was resistant to rifampicin and alpha-amanitin. PMID- 7372683 TI - Bone reaction to surgical drilling and pinning. PMID- 7372684 TI - Isotropy and anisotropy of uterine muscle during labor contraction. PMID- 7372685 TI - Fluid-dynamic flapping of a collapsible channel: sound generation and flow limitation. PMID- 7372687 TI - Wound healing of tendon--I. Physical, mechanical and metabolic changes. PMID- 7372686 TI - A polycentric knee-ankle mechanism for above-knee prostheses. PMID- 7372688 TI - Wound healing of tendon--II. A mathematical model. PMID- 7372689 TI - The geometry of human cerebral bifurcations: effect of static distending pressure. PMID- 7372690 TI - Analysis of changes in the scoliotic spine using a three-dimensional radiographic technique. PMID- 7372691 TI - Intravascular pressure and velocity fluctuations in pulmonic arterial stenosis. PMID- 7372692 TI - On the mechanics of left ventricular diastole. PMID- 7372694 TI - Implication of a time-dependent model of sexual intercourse within the menstrual cycle. PMID- 7372693 TI - Childlessness and marital instability: a re-examination of the evidence. PMID- 7372695 TI - Antecedents of adolescent pregnancy. PMID- 7372696 TI - Religious fertility differentials among the Yoruba of Western Nigeria. PMID- 7372697 TI - The fertility transition in the non-Maori population of New Zealand. PMID- 7372698 TI - Fertility of migrant women in Australia. PMID- 7372699 TI - Abortion in India, with particular reference to West Bengal. PMID- 7372700 TI - Experiences of women refused National Health Service abortion. PMID- 7372701 TI - Sex education and contraceptive practice amongst abortion patients. PMID- 7372702 TI - Trends of isonymy and inbreeding among the Ahmadiyyas of Kashmir. PMID- 7372703 TI - A demographic study of Mirpur: a village in coastal Midnapore district, West Bengal. PMID- 7372704 TI - Growth and morphology of rabbit marginal vessel endothelium in cell culture. AB - A procedure for the isolation and cultivation of endothelium from the marginal vessels of the rabbit ear is described. Endothelial cells, isolated by slow perfusion with a trypsin solution, are cultured in minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fresh rabbit serum for up to 6 mo. In primary culture, marginal vessel endothelial cells grow in an expanding circular pattern with closely apposed cell membranes. Weibel-Palade bodies, subcellular organelles unique to endothelial cells in situ, are present in both primary and in serially cultivated cells (12 passages). In intact skin, Weibel-Palade (W-P) bodies are observed in the perinuclear cytoplasm in close proximity to the cell membrane facing the vascular lumen. 8-16 tubules of 200 A diameter are present in each body. In primary and subcultured cells, W-P bodies of identical size are seen in the vicinity of the Golgi apparatus and in close proximity to the outer cell membrane. At the optimum serum concentration (10%), a cell doubling time of 72-96 h is observed. When growth in normal rabbit serum and in platelet-poor serum is compared, a slower growth rate is observed in the absence of platelets, suggesting that factors released by platelets affect endothelial cell proliferation. However, addition of crude platelet factor does not substitute for complete serum. Fibroblast growth factor is not mitogenic for rabbit marginal vessel endothelium in vitro. PMID- 7372705 TI - Control of membrane fusion in exocytosis. Physiological studies on a Paramecium mutant blocked in the final step of the trichocyst extrusion process. AB - Previous studies on exocytosis in Paramecium using mutants affecting trichocyst extrusion permitted us to analyze the assembly and function of three intramembrane particle arrays ("ring" and "rosette" in the plasma membrane, "annulus" in the trichocyst membrane) involved in the interaction between these two membranes. Using a conditional mutation, nd9, which blocks rosette assembly and prevents exocytosis at the nonpermissive temperature, we have analyzed the effect of temperature on the secretory capacity of nd9 cells. By combining several techniques (physiological studies, microinjections, inhibition of fatty acid synthesis, and freeze-fracture analysis) we demonstrate (a) that the product of the mutated allele nd9 is not thermolabile but that its activity is dependent upon temperature-induced changes in the membrane lipid composition and (b) that the product of the nd9 locus is a diffusible cytoplasmic component whose interaction with both plasma membrane and trichocyst membrane is required for rosette assembly and exocytosis. The data provide physiological evidence for the existence of a molecular complex(es) linking the two membranes and involved in the control of membrane fusion; we discuss the possible nature and function of these links. PMID- 7372706 TI - Localization of calcium in presynaptic nerve terminals. An ultrastructural and electron microprobe analysis. AB - Ultrastructural techniques and electron probe microanalysis were used to determine whether or not the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) within presynaptic nerve terminals is a Ca-sequestering site. The three-dimensional structure of the SER was determined from serial sections of synaptosomes. The SER consists of flattened cisterns that may branch and are frequently juxtaposed to mitochondria. To investigate intraterminal Ca sequestration, synaptosomes were treated with saponin to disrupt the plasmalemmal permeability barrier. When these synaptosomes were incubated in solutions containing Ca, ATP, and oxalate, electrondense Ca oxalate deposits were found in intraterminal mitochondria, SER cisterns, and large vesicular profiles. Saponin-treated synaptosomes that were incubated in the presence of mitochondrial poisons contained electron-dense deposits within SER cisterns and large vesicular profiles, but very rarely in mitochondria. Similar deposits were observed within saponin-treated synaptosomes that were not post-fixed with OSO4, and within saponin-treated synaptosomes that were prepared for analysis by freeze-substitution. Electron-probe microanalyses of these deposits confirmed the presence of large concentrations of Ca. When oxalate was omitted from the incubation solutions, no electron-dense deposits were present in saponin-treated synaptosomes. In other control experiments, either the Ca ionophore A23187 or the Ca chelator EGTA was added to the incubation media; electron-dense deposits were very rarely observed within the intraterminal organelles of these saponin-treated synaptosomes. The data indicate that presynaptic nerve terminal SER is indeed a Ca-sequestering organelle. PMID- 7372707 TI - Chick embryo fibroblasts produce two forms of hyaluronidase. AB - Cultured chick embryo fibroblasts derived from skin and skeletal muscle exhibit hyaluronidase activity both associated with the cell layer and secreted into the medium. Although both forms of the enzyme have a number of similar characteristics (R.W. Orkin and B.P. Toole, 1980, J. Biol. CHem. 255), they differ in thermal stability at neutral pH and in behavior on ion-exchange chromatography. Both forms of the enzyme are equally stable at acidic pH for long intervals, but the cell-associated hyaluronidase is significantly less stable than the secreted froms at neutral pH and at temperatures more than or equal to 30 degrees C. Neither the presence of proteases nor inhibitors of hyaluronidase appear to be involved in the cell-asspcoated enzyme. Chromatography of the two forms of hyaluronidase on carboxymethyl cellulose reveals that most (60-90 percent) of the secreted form of the enzyme elutes at a lower ionic strength than the cell- associated enzyme. Treatment of the secreted form of hyaluronidase with neuraminidase shifts its elution profile on carboxymethyl cellulose toward that of the cell-associated form, and also decreases its thermal stability at neutral pH. In contrast, treatment of the secreted form of hyaluronidase with alkaline phosphatase has no detectable effect. These data suggest that the secreted hyaluronidase differs from the cellular form in possessing additional sialic acid residues which endow the former with increased stability in the extracellular milieu. PMID- 7372708 TI - Oversized flagellar membrane protein in paralyzed mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardrii. AB - A mutant strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is shown to possess an oversized flagellar membrane protein. The mutant has paralyzed flagella, is temperature sensitive for flagellar assembly, and has an abnormal axonemal protein composition. All phenotypes appear to derive from a single Mendelian mutation, and genetic analysis suggests that the mutation, which call ts222, is in the gene pfl. Because pf1 mutants are known to have radial-spoke defects (Piperno et al., 1977, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 74:1600-1604; and Witman et al., 1978, J. Cell Biol. 76:729-797), a relation as yet undefined appears to exist between radial-spoke and flagellar membrane biogenesis. PMID- 7372709 TI - Effects of cholesterol on lipid organization in human erythrocyte membrane. AB - The molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid (C/P) in human erythrocyte membrane is modified by incubating the cells with liposomes of various C/P ratios. The observed increase in cell surface area may be accounted for by the addition of cholesterol molecules. Fusion between liposomes and cells or attachment of liposomes to cells is not a significant factor in the alteration of C/P ratio. Onset temperatures for lipid phase separation in modified membranes are measured by electron diffraction. The onset temperature increases with decreasing C/P ration from 2 degrees C at C/P = 0.95 to 20 degrees C at C/P = 0.5. Redistribution of intramembrane particles is observed in membranes freeze quenched from temperatures below the onset temperature. The heterogeneous distribution of intramembrane particles below the onset temperature suggests phase separation of lipid, with concomitant segregation of intramembrane protein into domains, even in the presence of an intact spectrin network. PMID- 7372710 TI - Early events in the cellular formation of proparathyroid hormone. AB - Early events in the cellular synthesis and subsequent transfer into membrane limited compartments of pre-proparathyroid hormone (pre-proPTH) and proparathyroid hormone (proPTH) were investigated by electrophoretic analyses of newly synthesized proteins in subcellular fractions of parthyroid gland slices pulse-labeled for 0.5-5 min with [(35)S] methionine. During these short times of incubation, both pre-proPTH and proPTH were confined to the microsomal fraction. Labeled pre-proPTH and proPTH were detected in a 30-s interval between 0.5 and 1.0 min of incubation. The radioactivity in proPTH became relatively constant between 3 and 5 min, whereas the radioactivity in ProPTH increased markedly over this period. When corrected for the known content of methionine in the prohormone and the prohormone, we found four times as much radiolabeled prohormone as prehormone between 0.5 and 1.0 min of synthesis. Sequestration of labeled prohomrone into endoplasmic reticulum compartments was shown by treatment of the microsomal fraction with chymotrypsin and trypsin, which resulted in the degradation of the prehormone but not of the prohormones. Approximately 50 percent of pre-prohormone and 25 percent of prohormone were released from the microsomes by their extraction with 1.0 M KCl, whereas 80-90 percent of both was released by treatment with Triton X-100. These results in intact cells support the signal hypothesis proposed by Blobel and his co-workers in studies utilizing cell-free systems, inasmuch as the results indicate transfer of prohormone into the cisternal space of the rough endoplasmic reticulum concomitant with the growth of the nascent polypeptide chain. Appearance of membrane-sequestered proPTH takes place without entry of pre-proPTH into the cisternal space, suggesting that proteolytic removal of the leader peptide occurs during transfer of the polypeptide through the lipid bilayer. Further evidence in support of this process is that pre-proPTH is only partly extracted from the microsomes by treatment with 1.0 M KCl, suggesting that a substantial fraction of the nascent pre-proPTH is integrally inserted into the membranes before it is cleaved to form proPTH. PMID- 7372711 TI - Role of serum components in density-dependent inhibition of growth of cells in culture. Platelet-derived growth factor is the major serum determinant of saturation density. AB - The effects of platelet-derived growth factor and plasma components on saturation density in cultures of 3T3 cells were investigated. Both of these components of whole blood serum affect saturation density; however, when 3T3 cells become quiescent at high density in medium containing whole blood serum, only platelet derived growth factor and fresh whole blood serum are capable of stimulating proliferation. Addition of fresh plasma- derived serum has little effect on cell growth. These results suggest that the platelet factor is the major determinant of saturation density in cultures of 3T3 cells maintained in medium supplemented with whole blood serum. Experiments were performed to investigate the mechanism by which platelet-derived growth factor regulates saturation density. We investigated the possibilities of inactivation of growth factors by proliferating cells, and the effects of cell density on the response of 3T3 cells to platelet derived growth factor. The amount of platelet- derived growth factor required to initiated DNA synthesis increases with increasing cell density. Some inactivation of growth factors by growing cells was detected, but this depletion was only evident at high cell density. We propose that density-dependent inhibition in cultured 3T3 cells is the result both of an increased requirement for the platelet- derived growth factor as the cultures become more crowded and of inactivation of growth factor activity by growing cells. PMID- 7372712 TI - Regulation of microtubule assembly in cultured fibroblasts. AB - Microtubule assembly in diploid human skin fibroblasts was studied by [3H]colchicine binding to disaggregated microtubule subunits and to total cell tubulin. Microtubule content per milligram of cell protein was critically dependent upon cell density. As cultures neared confluence, microtubules increased and total cell tubulin decreased; the percent of tubulin assembled into microtubules increased from 5.3 in spare cultures to 58.3 in confluent cultures. Microtubules disappeared with a half-time of 2 min in response to 0 degree C incubation and reformed upon rewarming. Brief treatment of intact cells with concanavalin A or cytochalasin A depolymerized microtubules to 55 or 56% of control levels. The effect of concanavalin A was prevented by alpha methylmannoside. Fibroblast microtubule assembly was not significantly altered by cyclic nucleotides, ascorbate, glucose, insulin, medium calcium concentration, or calcium ionophore A23187. PMID- 7372713 TI - ATP dependence of H+ secretion. AB - Cells in isolated rabbit gastric gland were made permeable to ATP by high voltage discharge across a gland suspension. In both normal (5.4 mM K+) and high K+ (108 mM) medium, this electrical shock resulted in a marked reduction in the ability of the parietal cell to produce and accumulate acid. Acid production was monitored both microscopically by acridine orange accumulation in the secretory canaliculus and by accumulation of the weak base [14C]aminopyrine. In 108 mM K+ solutions but not in 5.4 mM K+ solutions 5, mM ATP was able to restore the accumulation of these probes to control (unshocked) levels. When shocked glands had been previously stimulated by secretagogues, the aminopyrine accumulation ratio was only partly restored by ATP. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by cyanide, azide, or Amytal abolished acid secretion; the subsequent addition of ATP to shocked glands increased the aminopyrine accumulation ratio to 47 and resulted in an acridine orange fluorescence indistinguishable from that of histamine-stimulated, unshocked glands. We conclude that ATP can act as a substrate for H+ secretion in the parietal cell, and that perhaps no additional energy source is necessary. PMID- 7372714 TI - Subcellular compartmentalization of saccharide moieties in cultured normal and malignant cells. AB - We studied subcellular localization of saccharide moieties in cultured normal and malignant cells fixed in paraformaldehyde and treated with a nonionic detergent, using lectins specific for various surgar residues as probes in fluorescence microscopy. In normal cells, concanavalin A and Lens culinaris agglutinin, specific for mannose-rich carbohydrate cores in glycoproteins, labeled the endoplasmic reticulum as a wide perinuclear region. Other lectins, on the other hand, stained the Golgi apparatus as a juxtanuclear reticular structure. A similar compartmentalization was also seen in all malignant cells studied, although the Golgi apparatus in these cells was distinctly vesicular in appearance. Our results indicate that saccharide moieties in both normal and malignant cells are similarly compartmentalized, and thus speak in favor of a unidirectional subcellular flow for both membrane and secreted glycoconjugates. PMID- 7372716 TI - An endothelial cell-derived growth factor. AB - Cell-free plasma-derived serum (PDS) is deficient in the platelet-derived growth factor and will not support the growth of 3T3 cells, fibroblasts, or smooth muscle cells. However, when PDS-containing medium is preincubated with endothelial cells, the medium becomes modified so that it will support growth. The activity produced by the endothelial cells results from a polypeptide of 10,000 to 30,000 daltons which has several features that differ from those of the platelet-derived growth factor, including heat instability and lack of adsorption to CM Sephadex. PMID- 7372717 TI - The relationship of ornithine decarboxylase activity to proliferation and differentiation of L6 muscle cells. PMID- 7372718 TI - Protein synthesis in transformed 3T3 cells permeabilized by exogenous ATP. AB - Exogenous ATP has been shown to cause a rapid and reversible increase in permeability in transformed 3T3 cells (3T6 and SV3T3) but not in untransformed 3T3 cells. The cells remain viable, but lose intracellular acid-soluble pools. Treatment of transformed cells with ATP greatly reduces incorporation of 14C leucine into protein, which is restored by the incubation of the cells with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium or by the external additions of certain ions and energy sources. tRNA is not required for the restoration of protein synthesis. In the permeabilized cells the energy for protein synthesis can be provided by glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, or direct addition of ATP. These studies demonstrate the usefulness of this method for studying the control of metabolism and macromolecular synthesis in monolayer cultures of transformed mammalian cells. PMID- 7372715 TI - Synthesis of thylakoid membrane proteins by chloroplasts isolated from spinach. Cytochrome b559 and P700-chlorophyll a-protein. AB - Intact chloroplasts, purified from spinach leaves by sedimentation in density gradients of colloidal silica, incorporate labeled amino acids into at least 16 different polypeptides of the thylakoid membranes, using light as the only source of energy. The thylakoid products of chloroplast translation were visualized by subjecting membranes purified from chloroplasts labeled with [35S]methionine to electrophoresis in high-resolution, SDS-containing acrylamide gradient slab gels and autoradiography. The apparent mol wt of the labeled products ranged from less than 10,000 to greater than 70,000. One of the labeled products is the apoprotein of the P700-chlorophyll a-protein (CPI). The CPI apoprotein is assembled into a pigment-protein complex which is electrophoretically indistinguishable from the native CPI complex. Isolated spinach chloroplasts also incorporate [3H]leucine and [35S]methionine into cytochrome b559. The radioactive label remains with the cytochrome through all stages of purification: extraction of the thylakoid membranes with Triton X-100 and urea, adsorption of impurities on DEAE cellulose, two cycles of electrophoresis in Triton-containing polyacrylamide gels and electrophoresis in SDS-containing gradient gels. Cytochrome b559 becomes labeled with both [3H]leucine and [35S]methionine and accounts for somewhat less than 1% of the total isotopic incorporation into thylakoid protein. The lipoprotein appears to be fully assembled during the time-course of our labeling experiments. PMID- 7372719 TI - Synthesis of proteins and RNA of the 60S ribosomal subunit in HeLa cells recovering from valine deprivation. AB - The synthesis of ribosomes in HeLa cells was studied during recovery from a 20 hour deprivation for valine. The rates of incorporation of labeled precursors into ribosomal pre-RNA, processed rRNA, total cellular proteins, and proteins of the 60S ribosomal subunit returned to normal or nearly normal levels immediately after restoration of valine to the medium. Specific proteins of the 60S ribosomal subunit, whose apparent net synthesis is reduced more than that of the other proteins of the 60S ribosomal subunit during valine deprivation, were no longer undersynthesized after valine was restored. This rapid recovery suggests that the apparent decrease in the net rate of synthesis of these ribosomal proteins during valine deprivation is effected at the translational or post-translational level. No evidence of significant synchrony in any particular stage of the cell cycle was observed after a 20-hr valine deprivation. PMID- 7372721 TI - Enhanced rates of fluid pinocytosis during exponential growth and monolayer regeneration by cultured arterial endothelial cells. AB - Rates of fluid pinocytosis by bovine aortic endothelial cells were measured during various manipulations of growth status in vitro. Sparsely seeded cultures grew exponentially until a confluent monolayer was formed, at which time growth slowed. This change in growth rate coincided with a decline in the rate of pinocytosis to about one-third that in the growing cultures. During the subsequent attainment of maximal cell density in the confluent monolayer, the pinocytic rate remained constant. There was close correlation between 3H thymidine labelling indices, as measured by autoradiography, and the rates of pinocytosis. Mechanical "wounding" of the confluent monolayer resulted in cell migration and proliferation. Twenty-four hours after "wounding," rates of pinocytosis per mg. cell protein were significantly enhanced. When regeneration of the monolayer was blocked by cytochalasin B, pinocytosis remained at the same rate as in the uninjured, confluent monolayer. These experiments support, and extend to endothelium, earlier observations that in growing cells pinocytosis proceeds at a higher rate than in non-growing, quiescent cells. Furthermore, they raise the possibility that the transendothelial transport of macromolecules such as lipoproteins by receptor-independent fluid pinocytosis in vivo may be altered by the growth status of the endothelium. PMID- 7372723 TI - Membrane potential measurements during rat liver regeneration. AB - Membrane potential was measured in perfused rat liver and was shown to increase from -33 +/- 1.0 mV in livers from normal rats to -50 +/- 1.1 mV in livers from rats 12 hr after partial hepatectomy. The hyperpolarization of the membrane in regenerating liver was no longer evident after perfusion with 1 mM ouabain for 5 min. Ouabain had a small (4 mV) depolarizing effect on membrane potential in normal liver. The potential measured in normal and regenerating liver decreased as a function of the external potassium concentration above 5 mM; however, the potential was more electronegative in regenerating liver compared to normal liver at all values of external potassium concentration, and the differences in potential between the two kinds of cells did not decrease at higher concentrations of external potassium. Thus, a plot of membrane potential vs external potassium concentration resulted in approximately parallel curves for the two different cell types. We conclude that hyperpolarization of the liver cell membrane is an early event during rat liver regeneration and results from an electrogenic Na-K pump. PMID- 7372720 TI - Glucose and amino acid metabolism in neonatal rat skeletal muscle in tissue culture. PMID- 7372722 TI - Density-dependent and adaptive regulation of glucose transport in primary cell cultures of the R3230AC rat mammary adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7372724 TI - Changes in the cell cycle during culture of mouse-Chinese hamster cell hybrids. AB - Cell cycle studies, using PLM analysis, were carried out on a mouse-Chinese hamster cell hybrid and its derivatives which stably retained all parental chromosomes during the year of study. Parameter estimates were obtained from the PLM curves, using conjugate gradient curve fitting procedures. The hybrid initially grew very slowly, and all phases (especially G1) were longer than those of either parent. During propagation, mean generation time decreased progressively, and the phase times approached those of the mouse parent (which had the longer G1 and S). DNA replication could be scored separately in mouse and hamster chromosome sets, initially termination was highly asynchronous, but during growth asynchrony was progressively reduced as DNA synthesis in the hamster set was prolonged. We conclude that cell hybrids may undergo progressive modifications of the cell cycle, even in the absence of significant chromosome segregation, and suggest that such changes may at least partly account for the great variety of relationships between the growth rates and phase times of parent and hybrid cells which have been reported. Because of the complexity of these changes in the cycles of interspecific cell hybrids, we believe that somatic cell genetic analysis of the regulation of the cell cycle would be more usefully applied to intraspecific hybrids whose parents differ in only one specific cycle characteristic. PMID- 7372725 TI - Role of lysosomes in protein turnover: catch-up proteolysis after release from NH4Cl inhibition. AB - Cultured rat embryo fibroblasts, when placed in media with 10% serum containing 20 mM NH4Cl, show an inhibition of protein degradation and, concurrently, an accumulation of numerous, large vacuoles, partially filled with cellular debris. Cells placed in a serum-free media exhibit an enhanced degradation of cell protein, which is also inhibited by NH4Cl. When these cells are removed from media containing NH4Cl and placed in fresh media, the material accumulated in these vacuoles is rapidly and quantitatively released to the media in both an acid-soluble and acid-insoluble from. NH4Cl inhibits rapidly and specifically the lysosomal proteolytic mechanism, and is without effect on the basal turnover mechanism. The lysosomal proteolytic mechanism accounts for approximately 25% of protein turnover, and, at least in low density cultures, can be stimulated to levels which account for more than half of the protein turnover in the cell. The major pathway for the degradation of fast turnover proteins appears to be separate from lysosomal mechanism. PMID- 7372727 TI - Relationships between parental input frequencies and children's language acquisition: a reanalysis of Brown's data. PMID- 7372726 TI - Is early pragmatic development measurable? PMID- 7372728 TI - "Mommy sock": the child's understanding of possession as expressed in two-noun phrases. PMID- 7372729 TI - The emergence of illocutionary skills. PMID- 7372731 TI - Aspects of a theory of language acquisition. PMID- 7372730 TI - Children's judgements of correct and reversed sentences with "if". PMID- 7372732 TI - Determinants of the acquisition order of grammatical morphemes: a re-analysis and re-interpretation. PMID- 7372733 TI - Response to commands revisited again. PMID- 7372734 TI - Overextensions in production and comprehension: a methodological clarification. PMID- 7372736 TI - Going beyond information theory to explain early word choice: a reply to Roy Pea. PMID- 7372735 TI - The use of the past tense in games of pretend. PMID- 7372737 TI - The episodic structure of maternal speech to young children. PMID- 7372738 TI - The acquisition of the voicing contrast in English: study of voice onset time in word-initial stop consonants. PMID- 7372739 TI - Again and again: reduplication in child phonology. PMID- 7372740 TI - SVO comprehension strategies reconsidered: the evidence of individual patterns of response. PMID- 7372741 TI - Behavior problems in pre-school children of West Indian-born parents: a re examination of family and social factors. PMID- 7372743 TI - An observational assessment of change in two groups of behaviourally disturbed boys. PMID- 7372742 TI - The arrival of sibling: changes in patterns of interaction between mother and first-born child. PMID- 7372744 TI - Selective placement of adopted children: prevalence and effects. PMID- 7372745 TI - Impact of haemophilia on child-rearing practices and parental co-operation. PMID- 7372747 TI - Teachers' reponses to severely mentally handicapped children's initiations in the classroom. PMID- 7372746 TI - Psychological adjustment among pediatric cancer survivors. PMID- 7372748 TI - The prevalence of behavior problems in three-year-old children of West Indian Born parents. PMID- 7372750 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of low concentrations of benzoic acid in human plasma and urine. AB - A method for the determination of benzoic acid down to concentrations of 10 ng/ml in plasma or urine is described. After addition of an internal standard, benzoic acid is extracted at acid pH into diethyl ether. Both compounds are derivatized with pentafluorobenzyl bromide. The derivatives are determined by gas chromatography using a 63Ni electron-capture detector. Hippuric acid is hydrolysed in plasma and urine and total benzoic acid is determined by the same technique. PMID- 7372749 TI - Quantitative analysis of histamine in biological samples by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. AB - A mass fragmentographic method for the quantitative analysis of histamine in the supernatant from antigen-challenged leukocytes, whole blood, and urine is described. Histamine labeled with two 15N atoms was synthesized and added to the sample as an internal standard. N alpha-Heptafluorobutyryl-N tau ethoxycarbonylhistamine was prepared for mass fragmentographic analysis and the molecular ions at m/z 379 and 381 were used for monitoring histamine and 15N2 labeled histamine, respectively. The quantitation limit of histamine was 2 ng by this method. The experimental error of the method was less than 7% at the level of 5 ng in the supernatant from antigen-challenged leukocytes. The value obtained by this method correlated well with that from radioisotopic enzymatic assay (r=0.990). PMID- 7372752 TI - Rapid determination of glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile acids in human bile by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - With use of an anion-exchange packing, TSK Gel IEX 540 DEAE, for high-performance liquid column chromatography, glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile acids were separated in 10 min and detected with a differential refractometer. Human bile could be analyzed after a simple pretreatment. The purity of the peaks of glycine and taurine-conjugated bile acids in human bile was confirmed by enzymatic determinations using 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD oxidoreductase. The molar ratios of the two forms of the conjugates (glycine/taurine ratios) in bile from normal subjects and from patients suffering from various hepatobiliary diseases were measured. PMID- 7372751 TI - Comparison of high-performance liquid chromatographic serum profiles of humans and dogs. AB - The sera of 30 healthy male beagles were analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The profiles were compared with those obtained from the sera of 30 healthy human donors. The chromatograms of each group were very reproducible; however, there were characteristic differences between the two groups. The compounds observed in both the human and canine profiles were identified as creatinine, uric acid, tyrosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, kynurenine, inosine and tryptophan. Compounds present only in the canine profiles were identified as cytindine, riboflavin and 5-methyl-cytidine. Compounds present only in the human profiles include uridine, guanosine, hippuric acid and the dietary dependent compounds theobromine and caffeine. The compounds present in both human and canine sera were quantitated and compared statistically. The amounts of these compounds were very similar, except for uric acid. PMID- 7372753 TI - Mass spectrometric technique for the determination of N-phosphonoacetyl-L aspartic acid in serum. AB - N-Phosphonoacetyl-L-aspartic acid (PALA), a potent inhibitor of aspartic acid transcarbamylase, is now undergoing Phase I clinical trials. Initial experiments revealed that PALA is not metabolized to phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) in humans. Thus PALA may be quantified in serum after in vitro conversion to PAA. Serum is deproteinized with perchloric acid, lipid extracted with methylene chloride, hydrolyzed with 8 N hydrochloric acid at 100 degrees for 3 h, and evaporated to dryness with nitrogen. The residue is silylated, and PAA is quantified by monitoring the (M + 1)+ ions of the protonated molecular ions of trimethylsilyl derivatives of PAA and phosphonopropionic acid (internal standard) obtained in chemical ionization with methane. Limit of detection is 0.5 microM (150 ng/ml) PALA using 1 ml serum. PALA was given by continuous infusion to cancer patients at various doses. Maximum levels of PALA (50-500 microM range) were obtained at the end of infusion, followed in most cases by biexponential decay. Persistent residual PALA levels (5 microM for 48 h after infusion) correlated with increased toxicity. PMID- 7372754 TI - Simple and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method for estimating plasma quinidine levels. AB - A reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatographic method employing fluorescence detection is described for the rapid quantification of plasma levels of quinidine, dihydroquinidine and 3-hydroxyquinidine. It involves protein precipitation with acetonitrile followed by direct injection of the supernatant into the chromatograph. For the preparation of plasma standards, pure 3 hydroxyquinidine was isolated from human urine by a simplified thin-layer chromatographic procedure. The mobile phase for the chromatography was a mixture of 1.5 mM aqueous phosphoric acid and acetonitrile (90:10) at a flow-rate of 2 ml/min. The intra-assay coefficient of variation for the assay of quinidine and 3 hydroxyquinidine over the concentration range 2.5-20 mumole/l was less than 1% for both. Interassay coefficients of variation for quinidine (10 mumole/1) and 3 hydroxyquinidine (5 mumole/1) were 3.5% and 4.0% with detection limits of 50 and 25 mumole/l respectively. The method correlated well (r2 = 0.96) with an independently developed gas--liquid chromatographic--nitrogen detection assay for quinidine which also possessed a high degree of precision. (Intra-assay coefficient of variation 3.6% at 20 mumole/l). As expected, comparison of the high-performance liquid chromatographic assay with a published protein precipitation--fluorescence assay showed poor correlation (r2 = 0.78). PMID- 7372755 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation and isolation of quinidine and quinine metabolites in rat urine. AB - A procedure for the separation and isolation of the urinary metabolites of quinidine and quinine by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is described. Nine metabolites of quinidine and eight metabolites of quinine were detected in the urine of male Sprague-Dawley rats after a single dose of quinidine or quinine (50 mg kg-1). Following extraction from urine, the metabolites were separated on either an analytical or a semi-preparative reversed phase column by gradient elution. After isolation and derivatization, the metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. PMID- 7372756 TI - Quantitation of serum tocopherols by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PMID- 7372757 TI - Lipids: thin-layer chromatographic separation in twelve fractions by three successive unidirectional developments on the same plate. PMID- 7372758 TI - Fluorescence micro disc electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. A simple and sensitive method applicable for routine laboratory analysis. PMID- 7372760 TI - Estimation of serum indomethacin at therapeutic levels by means of thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometry. PMID- 7372759 TI - Non-extractive fluorometric measurement of p-aminosalicylic acid in plasma by ion pairing techniques and high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7372761 TI - Trace analysis of potentially carcinogenic metabolites of an azo dye and pigment in hamster and human urine as determined by two chromatographic procedures. AB - Analytical chemical procedures are described for determining traces of possible metabolites of two azo compounds. Direct Black 38 and Pigment Yellow 12, in hamster urine and to monitor the urine from workers who may be occupationally exposed during the manufacture or use of the dye and pigment. These methods were required for metabolism studies designed to assess the hazards that may occur if the two compounds are converted by in vivo mechanisms to potential carcinogens. Salient elements of the procedure are: extraction of the free aromatic amines and neutral compounds; alkaline hydrolysis of the aqueous phase and extraction of any hydrolyzed conjugates as free amines, and the analysis of the free amines and acetylated metabolites directly by high pressure liquid chromatography or by electron capture gas chromatography after conversion of the amines to heptafluorobutyryl derivatives. Residues of metabolites in hamster and human urine were determined at levels as low as 1 ppb. Ancillary data concerning hydrolysis of diacetylated metabolites and partition values for possible metabolites in various solvent systems are also presented. PMID- 7372762 TI - The construction and performance of a low cost automated HPLC system for polyamine assay. PMID- 7372763 TI - A GLC and GC/MS study of the reaction between benzylpenicillin and BF3-methanol. AB - A study of the reaction of BF3-methanol with benzylpenicillin showed that penicillin could be converted to a form suitable for gas-liquid chromatography. This study indicated possible use of the reaction in an analytical method for penicillin, by determining the methyl phenylacetate product. A reaction rate and yield study was conducted using gas-liquid chromatography employing an internal standard for improved measurement accuracy. The reaction gave a relatively constant yield of 70 +/- 2% and was complete in less than 1 minute. Investigations of the identity of side products were conducted using GC/MS, UV, and IR. A variety of products, including penicillenates, penillates, penilloates, and acrylic acid esters, were indicated at very mild reaction conditions. PMID- 7372764 TI - Sex differences in coronary mortality among diabetics in Evans County, Georgia. PMID- 7372766 TI - Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in a biracial community: demographic, cardiovascular and familial factors. PMID- 7372765 TI - Fasting triglycerides as predictors of total and CHD mortality in Evans County, Georgia. PMID- 7372767 TI - The relationship of serum cholesterol to the incidence of cancer in Evans County, Georgia. PMID- 7372768 TI - Family follow-up study of serum cholesterol in Evans County, Georgia. PMID- 7372769 TI - Survival rates and causes of death of diabetics in Japan: a 10-year follow-up study. PMID- 7372770 TI - Design of human atherosclerosis studies by serial angiography. PMID- 7372771 TI - Aggregation of cholesterol among young families of men with premature myocardial infarction. PMID- 7372772 TI - Group sequential methods for cohort and case-control studies. PMID- 7372773 TI - Etiological spectrum of liver cirrhosis in the Chinese. PMID- 7372774 TI - Substance abuse by women: a review of the epidemiologic literature. PMID- 7372775 TI - Metabolic clearance and secretion rates of human prolactin in normal subjects and in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7372776 TI - Complete remission of Cushing's disease by total bilateral adrenalectomy and adrenal autotransplantation. AB - A 15-yr-old girl was diagnosed as suffering from Cushing's disease. She was treated by bilateral adrenalectomy and autotransplantation of one third of each adrenal to the corresponding thigh. The adrenal that was embedded in the right satorius muscle started functioning after about 1 yr, as proven by significant differences in cortisol levels in both femoral veins (82.5 and 17.5 micrograms/100 ml). 19-[131I]Cholesterol scanning showed adrenal tissue in the right thigh, while no adrenal remnant was demonstrated. Eleven years after surgery, the patient is symptom free and does not require replacement therapy. We find that adrenal autotransplantation, which is a simple and nonrisky procedure, should be considered whenever bilateral adrenalectomy is chosen as a treatment for Cushing's disease. PMID- 7372777 TI - Correction of increased sympathoadrenal activity in Bartter's syndrome by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 7372778 TI - Effect of des-Asp1-angiotensin II on secretion and metabolism of aldosterone. PMID- 7372779 TI - Effect of thyrotoxicosis and its treatment on bone mineral and muscle mass. PMID- 7372780 TI - Estrogen receptors in the human prostate, seminal vesicle, epididymis, testis, and genital skin: a marker for estrogen-responsive tissues? AB - In an effort to identify those human male sex accessory tissues that may be under the physiological influence of estrogen, cytosolic and nuclear estrogen receptors were measured with two ligand systems that used either [3H]R2858 [moxesterol(11 beta-methoxy-17-ethynyl-1,3,5,(10)-estratriene-3,17 beta-diol)] or [3H]estradiol plus 1 microM dihydrotestosterone with diethylstilbestrol to correct for nonspecific binding. In seminal vesicles, high affinity binding was identified in cytosol (6 of 7 determinations) and nuclear extract (4 of 7 determinations); in the epididymis, high affinity binding was also present in the cytosol (10 of 12 determinations) and nuclear extract (10 of 11 determinations). In contrast, no high affinity binding was demonstrated in cytosol from the testis (0 of 5 determinations) or genital skin (0 of 7 determinations), and only low levels of nuclear receptor (80 fmol/g tissue) were present in the testis (3 of 5 determinations) and genital skin (1 of 7 determinations). In nonhyperplastic prostatic tissue, high affinity binding was present [in the cytosol of periurethral zone tissue (3 of 7 determinations) and nuclear extract (1 of 7 determinations), in cytosol of peripheral zone tissue (7 of 8 determinations) and nuclear extract (4 of 7 determinations), and in prostatic carcinoma cytosol (5 of 12 determinations) and nuclear extract (10 of 13 determinations)]. In contrast, no high affinity binding was present in either cytosol or nuclear extract from benign hyperplastic prostatic tissue. The finding of estrogen receptors in the human epididymis, seminal vesicle, and prostatic carcinoma suggests that estrogen, in addition to androgen, may act in the physiological regulation of these organs. However, the direct role of estrogen in the induction and maintenance of benign prostatic hyperplasia remains to be defined. PMID- 7372781 TI - Radioiodine as an adjunct to the surgical treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma. AB - After total thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid carcinoma, a 50-yr-old male was found to have decreased but still abnormally elevated plasma calcitonin levels. A thyroid scan with 131I revealed remaining thyroid tissue primarily in the form of a thyroglossal duct remnant. Two courses of 131I treatment of 30 and 150 mCi, respectively, produced a gradual decrease in plasma calcitonin. This study demonstrates that carefully selected patients may benefit from the use of 131I treatment as an adjunct to surgery in medullary thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 7372782 TI - Sulfhydryl group modulation and triiodothyronine generation in the human polymorphonuclear leukocyte. AB - The induction of phagocytosis in the human polymorphonuclear leukocyte and the attendant decrease in endogenous sulfhydryl group content were accompanied by a depression of the generation by the 27,000 x g particulate fraction of L-T3 and L rT3 from substrate L-T4. A direct correlation between endogenous sulfhydryl group content and L-T3-generating activity was found to exist. The inhibitory influence of phagocytosis was prevented when phagocytosis was induced in the presence of a sulfhydryl group protector. PMID- 7372784 TI - Prevalence of subclinical thyroid failure in insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - A study was made of the distribution of primary thyroid failure, indicated by a raised serum TSH concentration, in 605 (294 males and 311 females) insulin dependent (type I) diabetics, aged 21-84 yr, not previously suspected of having thyroid disease. The prevalence of a raised serum TSH concentration in females of all ages (17%) was significantly greater (P less than 0.0005) than that in males (6.1%) and increased with increasing age at onset of diabetes (P less than 0.05) and age at time of study (P less than 0.001) in females but not in males. There was no significant difference in the duration of diabetes when comparing patients with normal and raised serum TSH concentrations. The prevalence of a raised TSH concentration in late-onset insulin-dependent diabetics was no greater in patients requiring insulin within 3 months of diagnosis of diabetes than in those exhibiting secondary sulfonylurea failure, who required insulin more than 3 months after diagnosis. In type I diabetes, the prevalence of subclinical primary thyroid failure is considerably greater than has previously been suspected, with female late-onset insulin-dependent diabetics being at the greatest risk. PMID- 7372785 TI - Ectopic secretion of complete human chorionic gonadotropin and beta-subunit by human cervical carcinoma cells lines. AB - The CaSki and DoT cervical cancer cell lines were reported to secrete the beta subunit of hCG in the absence of complete hCG or alpha-subunit (Science 196: 1456, 1977; J Clin Endocrinol Metab 46: 69, 1978). In the present study, concentrates of fluids from large numbers of CaSki or DoT cultures were analyzed for the presence of hCG beta and complete hCG. Although some CaSki and DoT preparations contained no detectable complete hCG, others were found to contain as much as 18% hCG. The reason for the variation in the amount of hCG relative to hCG beta in CaSki and DoT cultures is unknown. PMID- 7372786 TI - Radioimmunoassay for 3,5-diiodothyronine and evidence for dependence on conversion from 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine. PMID- 7372783 TI - Intravenous infusion of beta-endorphin increases serum prolactin, but not growth hormone or cortisol, in depressed subjects and withdrawing methadone addicts. AB - In a randomized, double blind, cross-over study, human beta-endorphin or saline was infused iv over 30 min into six depressed psychiatric patients and four methadone addicts. All depressed subjects showed prompt, 2- to 4-fold increases in serum PRL levels, which lasted at least 2 h. The addicts, who were undergoing acute methadone withdrawal, showed similar PRL increases, which were dose dependent. beta-Endorphin did not increase serum levels of cortisol or GH in either group of subjects. These results suggest that iv beta-endorphin has potent but selective neuroendocrine effects in depressed patients and subjects withdrawing from methadone. PMID- 7372788 TI - Plasma human pancreatic polypeptide responses to administered secretin: effects of surgical vagotomy, cholinergic blockade, and chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7372789 TI - Prolonged biphasic response of plasma testosterone to single intramuscular injections of human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - The response of plasma testosterone to varying doses of hCG (0--6000 IU) given as a single im injection has been evaluated in normal men. After an initial rise at 2 h, the levels of testosterone demonstrated a secondary rise, reaching a peak 48 h after the im injection. The magnitude of the response varied directly with the dose of hCG used, and at the highest dose (6000 IU) testosterone levels were still elevated 6 days after administration. Plasma estradiol levels showed a dose dependent rise, with peak levels being attained 24 h after hCG. The prolonged response of plasma testosterone to a single injection of hCG should prompt a reevaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic regimens using this agent. PMID- 7372790 TI - Increased glycosylation of serum human chorionic gonadotropin and subunits from eutopic and ectopic sources: comparison with placental and urinary forms. AB - The role of carbohydrate in the heterogeneity of hCG and its subunits is unclear. To study this question, we chromatographed over Sephadex G-100 an extract of term placenta as well as sera from a woman in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy and sera from two patients with nontrophoblastic malignancies. Samples were cochromatographed with radiolabeled urinary standards. hCG from first trimester pregnancy serum showed multiple peaks on G-100. The dominant peak eluted with an apparent molecular weight (72,000) higher than that of hCG from third trimester serum (63,000), urine (6),000), and placenta (59,000). hCG from both malignancy sera eluted with an apparent molecular weight (62,000) similar to that of hCG from third trimester and urinary hCG. Free hCG alpha from all sera eluted with a similar apparent molecular weight (29,000), which was higher than that of placental and urinary free alpha-subunit (22,000) and the alpha-subunit dissociated from intact hCG from all sources (22,000--23,000). The subunits were dissociated in the denaturing medium of 6 M guanidine-HCl, pH 3.0, and chromatographed in this medium over Sepharose CL-6B. This eliminated all of the differences in apparent molecular weight among corresponding forms that were found on G-100. All forms of hCG alpha coeluted with a chemically identified 80% deglycosylated hCG alpha. hCG and free alpha-subunits were incubated with mixed exoglycosidases which lacked detectable protease activity and were then rechromatographed on G-100. After deglycosylation, hCG from different sources eluted with a considerable heterogeneity (mol wt range, 40,000--50,000) not present in the native forms. Despite the heterogeneity of native free alpha subunit from various sources, deglycosylation produced a common species with apparent molecular weights of 11,000--12,000, close to the chemically determined molecular weight of the polypeptide chain (10,400). These studies suggest that1) ectopic serum hCG and free alpha-subunit are similar to corresponding eutopic forms; 2) serum hCG and free alpha-subunit from all sources are more glycosylated than placental or urinary forms; 3) first trimester hCG is more glycosylated than other forms of hCG; and 4) serum free alpha-subunit is more glycosylated than the alpha-subunit which combines with hCG beta to form intact hCG. PMID- 7372791 TI - Domperidone, an extracerebral inhibitor of dopamine receptors, stimulates thyrotropin and prolactin release in man. AB - Domperidone, an extracerebral dopamine receptor antagonist, was given im to 12 normal subjects and to a group of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism to study its effect on PRL and TSH secretion. Domperidone induced in all subjects a quick and marked increment of serum PRL. At 180 min, the levels remained high. A small but significant increase of TSH was also observed in normal as well as in hypothyroid subjects. Since domperidone does not cross the blood-brain barrier, the hormonal changes observed may be mediated through the pituitary and median eminence, tissues which lie outside of the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 7372792 TI - Hyperthyroidism due to excess thyrotropin secretion: follow-up studies. AB - Follow-up studies of a woman with hyperthyroidism due to excessive TSH secretion, previously reported (1), are described. For most of the ensuing years, she has been treated with methimazole. On several occasions, methimazole was discontinued; each time elevations of serum TSH, T4, and T3 concentrations, similar in magnitude to those originally present, occurred. Initially, her serum TSH concentrations fell substantially after dexamethasone administration and did not change after TRH. The same responses have occurred on several occasions during the follow-up period. Serum glycoprotein alpha-subunit and TSH-beta concentrations were normal and did not change after TRH administration, but serum alpha-subunit declined during dexamethasone and increased slightly after gonadotropin-releasing hormone. No increase in serum TSH occurred after TRH administration when TSH secretion was decreased by dexamethasone administration. No evidence of pituitary enlargement has developed during the 7-yr follow-up period. The cause of this patient's excessive TSH secretion remains unknown, but her TSH secretory dynamics are most consistent with those found in patients who had TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas reported in recent years. PMID- 7372787 TI - Evolution of toxicity in solitary nontoxic autonomously functioning thyroid nodules. AB - Between 1961 and 1979, 349 patients with autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN) were seen. There were 287 nontoxic and 62 toxic lesions. Toxic lesions were seen in 56.5% of AFTN patients over 60 yr of age but in only 12.5% of the younger patients. The female to male ratio was 14.9:1 for nontoxic AFTN patients but only 5.9:1 for toxic AFTN patients. The proportion of toxic AFTN in patients less than 20 yr old (13.8%) was not significantly different from that in patients 20--60 yr old (12.7%). T3 toxicosis was observed in 46% of those patients with hyperthyroidism. All but 4 of the toxic AFTN measured 3 cm in diameter or larger. AFTN 3 cm or larger were more than twice as common in patients 40 yr or older than in younger patients. Of 159 untreated nontoxic AFTN patients, 14 became toxic within 1--6 yr. One patient in 5 with a nontoxic AFTN 3 cm or larger developed toxicity. PMID- 7372793 TI - Immunoreactive relaxin-like substance in human seminal plasma. AB - Large amounts of an immunoreactive relaxin-like peptide were demonstrated in human seminal plasma. The concentrations of this peptide were determined in seven healthy volunteers, and in twenty-eight non-selected male patients seeking advice for sterility. A wide range of immunoreactive relaxin concentrations was observed, varying between 1,240 pg and 73,000 pg of relaxin porcine equivalents per ml of seminal plasma. Given the very special assay medium of seminal plasma, particular attention was paid to the validity of the radioimmunoassay system when applied to this medium. PMID- 7372794 TI - Functional studies of dopamine control of prolactin secretion in normal women and women with hyperprolactinemic pituitary microadenoma. PMID- 7372795 TI - Isolation and serotyping of Streptococcus mutans from teeth and feces of children. AB - Streptococcus mutans were detected in the feces from 10 of 29 caries-active patients, aged 4 to 9 years. The percentage of S. mutans to the total counts of facultatively anaerobic streptococci on mitis salivarius agar (Difco Laboratories) varied from 0 to 72.5%. S. mutans were then isolated from dental plaque of sound teeth and carious dentin of the 10 subjects known to harbor S. mutans in the feces. The frequency distribution of various serotypes of these dental and fecal isolates of S. mutans was compared by the immunodiffusion technique. Of the total 1,047 isolates (290 isolates from feces, 289 from dental plaque, and 468 from carious dentin), type c isolates were most prevalent (ca. 66%). Serotype d, e, f, and g isolates were also found but in far lower frequencies. Plural serotypes of S. mutans were occasionally found in dental and fecal samples of a single subject. For two subjects, relatively rare serotypes of S. mutans in the population examined, serotype e, f, or g, were predominantly found in their fecal and dental samples and those of their siblings and mother, suggesting an intrafamilial transmission of S. mutans. PMID- 7372796 TI - Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid levels as an aid in differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral meningitis in adults. AB - The level of lactic acid in cerebrospinal fluid has been suggested as a useful diagnostic parameter to differentiate between bacterial and viral meningitis, especially in patients partially treated before admission to hospital. A concentration of greater than or equal to 35 mg/dl, determined by either gas liquid chromatography or an enzymatic method, has been considered in several studies to provide definite evidence of meningitis of bacterial origin, whereas a lower level indicates no bacterial involvement. Over the past 18 months, we have analyzed by the enzymatic method the lactate level in 493 spinal fluids submitted from 434 adult patients with various conditions involving the central nervous system. Fifty fluids had a lactate level of greater than 35 mg/dl, of which 19 were cases of infective meningitis of varying etiology. The 435 specimens with lactate levels within the range considered normal included three cases of infective meningitis, of which two were cryptococcal and one was bacterial. In this adult study, the lactate level in the cerebrospinal fluid did not provide unequivocal evidence of bacterial infection and did not provide assistance to any greater degree than the standard parameters of leukocyte count, protein, and glucose contents in the differential diagnosis of bacterial meningitis from that of any other etiology. PMID- 7372797 TI - Comparative evaluation of the tube and microdilution Limulus lysate techniques for rapid presumptive diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in men. AB - Eighty-one men with exudative urethritis were evaluated on initial visit for gonococcal urethritis by using the standard tube and newly developed microdilution Limulus amoebocyte lysate techniques. Serial dilutions of clinical specimens ranging from 1:100 to 1:102,400 were each tested, and results correlated with Gram stain and culture. Overall accuracy for predicting culture results was 98% for a dilution of 1:200 and 99% for a dilution of 1:400 for the tube and microdilution techniques, respectively. The microdilution technique predicted culture results in 98% of cases for dilutions ranging from 1:400 to 1:1,600, whereas the tube technique was as accurate for dilutions of only 1:100 and 1:200. The microdilution Limulus amoebocyte lysate technique was a rapid, reliable, sensitive, and economical diagnostic aid in the initial evaluation of exudative urethritis in men. PMID- 7372798 TI - Virion envelope glycoproteins as epidermiological markers of Venezuelan encephalitis virus isolates. AB - Virion polypeptide compositions of 26 isolates of Venezuelan encephalitis virus were analyzed by a reproducible and comparative technique of discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Although the molecular weight of the core polypeptide for each isolate was 36,000, numbers and molecular weights of envelope glycoproteins were heterogeneous. Isolates associated with human, but not equine, disease usually had two glycoproteins of 50,000 to 51,000 and 51,000 to 55,000 molecular weight, whereas isolates associated with both human and equine disease usually had an additional, third polypeptide band of either 45,000 to 46,000 or 56,000 to 58,000 molecular weight. The former isolates were in hemagglutination inhibition subtypes I-D, I-E, III, or IV, and the latter were in subtypes I-A, I-B, I-C, or II. Thus virion envelope glycoproteins should be useful markers of Venezuelan encephalitis virus isolates in epidemiological investigations. PMID- 7372799 TI - Significance of Aspergillus species isolated from respiratory secretions in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. AB - To determine the significance of Aspergillus species isolated from sputum or other respiratory secretions with respect to the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, the clinical records and radiographs of all patients whose respiratory secretion cultures yielded an Aspergillus species between 1972 and 1978 were reviewed. All known predispositions to invasive aspergillosis, e.g., presence of cancer or granulocytopenia, and therapy with corticosteroids, antibiotics, and cytotoxic drugs, were significantly associated with proven or probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Most notable were patients with acute leukemia and granulocytopenia. Prolonged duration of hospitalization between initial isolation (greater than 2 weeks) and multiple isolates (greater than three isolates) were also significantly associated with a high frequency of proven or probable disease. Isolation of A. niger was only rarely associated with proven or probable disease (one of eight patients). The isolation of A. fumigatus and A. flavus from respiratory secretions does not usually represent laboratory contamination and must be interpreted in the light of known predispositions to aspergillosis. In some situations, e.g., granulocytopenic patients with acute leukemia, even a single isolation carries a high likelihood of invasive aspergillosis. PMID- 7372801 TI - Bacterial antigen detection in body fluids: methods for rapid antigen concentration and reduction of nonspecific reactions. AB - We sought procedures which would allow a rapid concentration in high yield of bacterial antigens from tissue fluids of patients and which could be applied also to protein-rich fluids like serum. Ethanol precipitation at a subzero temperature with albumin added as an antigen coprecipitant made it possible to achieve a more than 20-fold concentration of antigen in 15 min and a 200-fold concentration in 45 min. Heat-stable antigens could be concentrated from protein-rich fluids (like serum) after the sample had been deproteinized by boiling. Such heating (100 degrees C, 3 min) also liberated bacterial polysaccharides from antibody complexes and elminated the nonspecific interference of serum in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PMID- 7372802 TI - Bacterial abundance on hands and its implications for clinical trials of surgical scrubs. AB - The numbers of bacteria on the hands of 157 subjects volunteering for a clinical trial of a surgical scrub preparation were evaluated statistically. Differences among the volunteers with respect to day-to-day variability in bacterial counts were the most important source of variation in these counts. Generally, more bacteria were found on the left hand than on the right. The experimental plan, proposed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, contained criteria for acceptability of subjects which were found to exclude at least as many suitable volunteers as they admitted. The plan was also found to require more testing on more volunteers than was necessary to establish the efficacy of the surgical scrub. PMID- 7372800 TI - Inactivation of mycoplasma in serum with binary ethyleneimine. AB - A method of inactivating mycoplasma contaminants in sera by using binary ethyleneimine was tried. When used at the concentration recommended for inactivating viruses, 0.001 M, binary ethyleneimine inactivated only two of five mycoplasma species. Even at a concentration of 0.01 M, the compound did not consistently inactivate all mycoplasmas. PMID- 7372803 TI - Evaluation of the sensititre microdilution antibiotic susceptibility system against recent clinical isolates: three-laboratory collaborative study. AB - The Sensititre broth microdilution antibiotic susceptibility testing system was found to be comparable to a reference broth dilution method. Of 3,194 minimum inhibitory concentration data pairs, 93.9% were within the acceptable +/- 1-log2 dilution range. Only rare (0.6%) very major errors were found between methods. PMID- 7372804 TI - Correlation of autoagglutination and virulence of yersiniae. AB - Virulent strains of Yersinia pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica invariably autoagglutinated in tissue culture media when grown at 36 degrees C. Avirulent strains did not possess this property. PMID- 7372805 TI - Hippurate hydrolysis by Campylobacter fetus. AB - An additional method for differentiating between Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni and C. fetus subsp. intestinalis is reported. Strains of C. fetus subsp. jejuni (18/20) were shown to hydrolyze hippurate in the 2-h rapid test, whereas strains of C. fetus subsp. intestinalis did not. PMID- 7372806 TI - Antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxin in laboratory personnel. AB - Eighty-five percent of laboratory personnel working with staphylococcal enterotoxin had antibodies to enterotoxin in their sera, whereas only 23% of the control group had antibodies specific for enterotoxin. Two persons who carried enterotoxin B-producing staphylococci in their noses, throats, or both, had antibodies to enterotoxin B in their sera. PMID- 7372807 TI - Phenomenological classification of depressive disorders. AB - Empirical cluster analysis methods have been the basis for development of a phenomenological classification of depressive disorders. Verbal descriptions of the distinguishing features of anxious, hostile, agitated, and retarded subtypes of depression are provided to facilitate development of clinical classification concepts. A review of some of the validity data is presented. PMID- 7372808 TI - Levels of basic personality factors in a psychiatric population. AB - Diverse sets of factors have been claimed by various investigators to be basic personality variables of the highest factor order. A sample of 400 psychiatric patient records were rated for pressence or absence of 14 criteria. The data were factor analyzed, and four factors were extracted. Three of the four factors resemble Eysenck's three-factor model of personality at the universal or general level. The fourth factor is interpreted to be a behavioral dimension at a lower level. The results are discussed in terms of the population and the type of data utilized. PMID- 7372809 TI - MMPL profiles of men referred for a pretrial psychiatric assessment as a function of offense type. AB - Gathered MMPI and demographic data on six groups of 25 men each who had been remanded by the courts to a maximum security psychiatric hospital for pretrial assessment. The groups differed according to offense type: Murder or attempted murder of a family member or girlfriend, murder or attempted murder of an unrelated victim, rape, arson, child molesting, or property. The MMPI profiles of the groups were remarkably similar, and the prediction that the murder family group would have the highest Overcontrolled Hostility scores was not supported. Multiple discriminant analyses showed that the remand's age on admission and whether he had been in corrections before the current offense were the best discriminators among the groups. These data indicate that the MMPI is not related to the offense types of mentally disordered offenders referred by the courts for assessment, but does reflect their relatively high levels of psychopathology. PMID- 7372810 TI - The social interest index: a study of construct validity. AB - Investigated the construct validity of the Social Interest Index (SII) on a sample (N = 140) of hospitalized male alcoholics. Because of the inferred properties of social interest, it was hypothesized that the SII would relate positively with measures of some social traits, mental health, intelligence, education, and internal locus of control and would relate negatively with measures of other social traits and MMPI "pathology" scales. The hypotheses generally were supported. The significant positive correlation between the SII and social desirability was discussed along with other theoretical/methodological issues raised by the data. PMID- 7372811 TI - The prediction of impulsive behavior: comparative validities of obvious vs. subtle MMPI hypomania (MA) items. AB - Assessed the relative predictive validity of obvious (0), neutral (N), and subtle (S) items of the MMPI Ma scale (N = 86 males). Subtle-obvious ratings were compared to criteria in the three types of measurement delineated by Cattell, namely, questionnaire, life-history, and objective tests. Ma-O was correlated positively with the Experience Seeking factor of the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) as well as time taken and errors on the Porteus Maze, while Ma-S was correlated positively with the Thrill and Adventure Seeking factor of the SSS and the biographic questionnaire. Ma-N, on the other hand, was not related to any criteria. Because the correlations among the criteria themselves were generally insignificant, it was suggested that hypomania is not a homogeneous construct. PMID- 7372812 TI - A comparison of four scales for anxiety, depresison, and neuroticism. AB - Examined the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), AND THE Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS) for specificity and validity as measures of anxiety and depression. It was hypothesized that if the BDI and SDS were specific to symptoms of depression, they would show high correlations with each other, low correlations with the TMAS, and intermediate correlations with the Neuroticism scale of the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI N). The four instruments were administered to 170 undergraduate students, and correlations and qualitative content analyses showed that the BDI, SDS and TMAS were intercorrelated significantly with the EPI-N scale and that item content overlapped heavily among the tests. The results suggest all four tests tap an emotionality factor of stability-instability. PMID- 7372813 TI - The Barron Ego Strength Scale: a study of personality correlates among normals. AB - Although the Barron Ego Strength Scale (BESS) often has been shown to differentiate between the presence or absence of psychopathology, the exact construct measured as Ego Strength is little understood. This study related the BESS to the 15 personality needs of the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, the Tolerance Scale of the California Psychological Inventory, and the Practical Outlook Scale of the Omnibus Personality Inventory. Ss were 80 normal adult women, recruited individually from the community. Results showed significant correlations (p less than .05) only between Ego Strength and Abasement (-.44), Dominance (.19), Tolerance (.69), and Practical Outlook (-.32). This suggests that rather than distinguishing among specific personality profiles, the BESS relates to an underlying belief in self-adequacy, along with tolerant, balanced attidudes. PMID- 7372814 TI - Torque and cognitive ability: some contradictions to Blau's proposals. AB - Investigated with two spatial and language tasks Blau's (1977a) theory that clockwise directionality in circle drawing indicates neural integration difficulties. The tasks were administered to 106 children of approximately 8 years of age, and the data were analyzed for sex differences and circling behavior. None of the hypotheses based on Blau's theory was supported, and some significant results in the opposite direction to predictions were found. Aspects of the results that may be of potential future research interest are identified. PMID- 7372815 TI - Kimura's Recurring-Figures-Test: a normative study. AB - Administered Kimura's Recurring-Figures-Test to 427 normal Ss from Germany. A Kuder-Richardson test reliability of rtt = .94 was obtained. T-scale norms are given for two subgroups of different educational level. PMID- 7372816 TI - The validity of the Modified Word Learning Test. AB - Inspected reports on 59 psychiatric patients who had completed the Modified Word Learning Test (MWLT), Memory for Designs Test, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale in order to assess the validity of the MWLT. It was found that MWLT scores were correlated with age, Verbal Scale and Full Scale IQs and Verbal Performance Discrepancies. In additon, there was 61% agreement in classification with the Memory for Designs Test. It was suggested tentatively that the MWLT may misclassify patients with low Verbal Scale IQs. PMID- 7372817 TI - A comparison of black and white children's WISC/WISC-R differences. AB - Administered the WISC and WISC-R to 20 white child psychiatric out-patients in a counterbalanced design. The white Ss' WISC/WISC-R differences were compared to equivalent data obtained from black children (Munford, 1978). For the white Ss, no differences were found between WISC and WISC-R Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs, whereas black children scored significantly lower on the WISC-R than on the WISC on all three IQ measures. These findings indicate increased cultural bias in the WISC-R, despite apparent efforts to produce contrary results. A possible reason for this seemingly paradoxical outcome is offered, and future research possibilities are suggested. PMID- 7372818 TI - Comparison of two methods of administering the Halstead Category Test. AB - Developed an alternative method of administering Halstead's Category Test that uses answer sheet and latent image developer. The method does not entail bulky apparatus operated by the examiner. There is lessened possibility of examiner error in providing reinforcement and in recording responses. Use of visual rather than auditory reinforcement makes the method useful with the deaf. Performance on alternative and standard methods by psychiatric inpatients (N = 50) was the same, which suggests that the two methods are equivalent. PMID- 7372819 TI - Marital role dynamics during brief group psychotherapy: assessment of verbal interactions. AB - Examined the impact of brief group psychotherapy on the marital and sex roles of five volunteer couples who participated in two, 15-session, model therapy groups conducted approximately 2 years apart. Assessments are based on Hill Interaction Matrix (HIM) analysis of the style and content of marital partners' verbal behavior during the assessions. Results show that interactional correlates of traditional marital and sex role variations are attenuated, that communication between spouses is improved, and that the therapeutic quality of verbal behavior is enhanced over the course of therapy. Generally, from the perspective of interactional dynamics, these findings suggest that the group psychotherapy model that was being evaluated is an effective mode of brief, precrisis intervention for married couples. PMID- 7372822 TI - Differential effects of hypnosis, biofeedback training, and trophotropic responses on anxiety, ego strength, and locus of control. AB - Pretested 60 college students on three scales: The IPAT Anxiety Scale, the Barron Ego-strength scale, and the Rotter I-E scale. The Ss then were assigned randomly to one of four treatment groups designated: Hypnotic treatment, biofeedback treatment, trophotropic treatment, and control. Three of these groups met separetely for 60 minutes once a week for 8 weeks. The control group did not meet during this time. During the sessions, each group was trained in a different technique for self-regulation. At the end of the 8-week period the scales were readministered to all groups. A series of covariance analyses indicated that hypnosis was a more effective self-regulatory technique for lowering anxiety levels when compared to biofeedback or trophotropic response procedures. With regard to increasing ego strength, both the hypnotic training group and the biofeedback training group proved to be significant. No significant difference was found between the experimental and control gorups on the I-E scores. PMID- 7372820 TI - Training parents as therapists: a comparison between individual parent-child interaction training and parent group didactic training. PMID- 7372821 TI - Outcome expectation ratings as predictors of success in weight reduction. AB - Identification of obese persons likely to benefit from weight reduction programs presents considerable difficulty. Neither biological (e.g., adipose cellularity) nor psychological (e.g., MMPI profiles) measures thus far have been shown to differentiate reliably between those who do and those who do not lose weight in such programs. Fifteen obese persons about to enter a group program intended to produce "conditioned satiety" were asked to estimate the number of pounds that they expected to lose. Their outcome expectation was found to correlate significantly with weight loss recorded 7 weeks later. However, the magnitude of expected weight loss exceeded the actual amount of weight lost. PMID- 7372823 TI - Effectiveness of alpha biofeedback therapy: negative results. AB - Assessed the utility of alpha biofeedback training in the treatment of psychiatric patients (N = 66). Biofeedback and placebo biofeedback groups were given alpha or mock-alpha training sessions, and their improvement on 54 variables was compared to that of no-treatment controls. Only a chance number of significant differential changes appeared among the three groups. A comparison of these negative results with an earlier study from our laboratory that had yielded positive findings suggested that clinical improvement in alpha biofeedback treatment may be the result of the relaxation training or special verbal instructions often incorporated into alpha training. PMID- 7372826 TI - Assertion training: effectiveness in the treatment of depression. AB - Assigned depressed outpatients (N = 32) to either group assertion training or "traditional" group psychotherapy. The results showed that over a relatively short period of time, assertion training was more effective than traditional psychotherapy in increasing self-reported assertiveness and in alleviating depression. PMID- 7372824 TI - Bidirectional changes in digital skin temperature using biofeedback in a cold room. AB - The ability to increase digital skin temperature (DST) of cold extremities or to prevent decreases in DST in a cold environment may be useful clinically in the treatment of Raynaud's disease or in the alleviation of the effects of stressful stimuli. Ten Ss, each of whom participated in five sessions, were studied in a room at 20 degrees C. Each session was divided into 5-minute trials during which Ss either received auditory biofeedback of DST and tried to increase or decrease DST or received no feedback and merely sat quietly (Baseline trials). There were significant changes in DST during Baseline trials; these changes were different at different times during the session. The difference between Increase and Decrease trials was significant. The DST decrease during Decrease trials was significantly different from the change during corresponding Baseline trials, while the Increase trials, while the Increase trial DST, although of the same magnitude as the decrease trial, did not differ significantly from its corresponding Baseline trials DST. PMID- 7372827 TI - Three-year follow-up data in overweight treatment. AB - Reassessed 3 years after the termination of a weight reduction program the body weight of former participants to control long-term efficiency of behavior oriented weight reduction programs. Of 31 former participants, 21 could be rechecked. Most of the Ss stabilized their body weight or continued to reduce weight. Only 4Ss regained weight over the 3-year period. On an average, the group of former Ss lost 4.4 kilograms over the follow-up period. The whole reduction (therapy time and follow-up) resulted in 11.3 kilograms. Three results are encouraging, but difficult to discuss because no member of the former control group could be reassessed after 3 years and 10 Ss of the former therapy-groups could not be motivated to renewed collaboration. However, these results support the behavior-oriented approach to weight reduction and give evidence for the stabilizing function of such a therapy. PMID- 7372828 TI - Effects of assertion training on depression. AB - This was a non-analogue study of the effects of assertion training on depression. Twenty-six moderately depressed females (X = 21.3 years) were assigned randomly to assertion training or delay-control groups. Results partially supported the effectiveness of treatment. Experimental Ss became significantly more assertive and engaged in significantly more activities than controls, and effects of treatment continued after treatment ended. Eight weeks after treatment, the experimental Ss' scores indicated significantly less depression than at posttesting. Both experimental Ss and delya controls reported a significant decrease in depression from pre- to posttest. The two groups were not significantly different in reported depression at posttesting. Other findings included: (1) significant negative correlations between measures of depression and assertiveness; (2) no significant interactions between S type (client and volunteer) and outcome; and (3) no significant interactions between length of time depressed and outcome. PMID- 7372825 TI - A comparison of three covert assertion training procedures. PMID- 7372829 TI - Multidimensional change in psychotherapy. AB - Assessed psychotherapy outcome for 177 patients who were seen for an average of 31 therapy hours with the Rating Scales for Outcome of Therapy and a Therapist Questionnaire. Results of a components analysis did not support Storrow's rational groupings of the Rating Scales into five dimensions and suggested that two general areas of psychological adjustment underlie the 11 scales. A second components analysis that included both outcome measures supports only in part the contention that when results from diverse outcome measures are factor analyzed, the factors necessarily are associated with method of measurement rather than substantive dimensions of change. PMID- 7372830 TI - Heart rate changes associated with EMG and alpha biofeedback. AB - Physiological concomitants of relaxation are needed to characterize objectively the response to biofeedback training. Ss (N = 30) received either alpha, EMG, or no biofeedback training. Heart rate, EMG, and alpha activity were measured in all groups. Increases in alpha and decreases in EMG were noted in their respective feedback groups. Heart rate, however, was not related systematically to these changes, and no significant changes in heart rate occurred in any group. PMID- 7372832 TI - Therapeutic relationship and improvement as perceived by clients and therapists. AB - Therapeutic relationship as perceived by clients (N = 54) and therapists (N = 8) At a community mental health clinic was rated on Lorr's (1965) five main factors: Understanding, Accepting, Accepting, Critical, Independence-Encouraging, and Authoritarian (directive). These perceptions were correlated with client and therapist ratings of improvement. In addition, discrepancies between client and therapist ratings of the relationship were correlated with outcome measures. Findings indicated that client perceptions of therapists as Understanding and Accepting were correlated most highly with self-reported improvement. Therapists self-perception of Independence-Encouraging was correlated most highly with client-rated improvement, while therapists' self-perception of Accepting and Understanding was correlated most highly with therapist-rated improvement. Differences between client and therapist ratings of the Understanding and Accepting qualities of the therapeutic relationship showed the highest negative correlations with both client and therapist improvement ratings. Implications for therapeutic and research strategies are discussed. PMID- 7372831 TI - Levels of psychological experience in asthma: general and illness-specific concomitants of panic-fear personality. AB - Coping styles in asthma indexed by a Panic-Fear personality measure are known to influence physicians' medical decisions and long-term treatment outcome. Unusually High or Low Panic-Fear personality styles are maladaptive, the former characterized by anxious, helpless dependency and the latter by an extreme counterphobic independence. In this study (N = 90), the psychological experiences among Panic-Fear personality groups (LOW, Moderate, and High) of asthma patients are described at three levels of assessment: (1) general personality characteristics; (2) attitudes toward asthma and its treatment; and (3) the subjective symptoms reported during breathing difficulties. Comparisons among the groups delineated the linkages between Panic-Fear personality and more illness specific attitudes, symptoms, and experiences in asthma. Discussion centered upon how general personality and illness-specific characteristics associated with extreme High and Low Panic-Fear personality may contribute to the psychomaintenance of asthma. PMID- 7372833 TI - Perception of self and significant others by male and female alcoholics. AB - Alcoholic and nonalcoholic adult males and females (N = 100) judged self and three intimate others on four personality characteristics. Multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that alcoholics viewed themselves and their fathers as more unhappy, less sociable, and less productive and persistent; they judged their mothers as more unhappy and less productive and persistent, and they rated their spouses as more unhappy and less sociable than did nonalcoholics. Also, alcoholics were more variable in their evaluation of self and intimate others. PMID- 7372834 TI - Comparison of MMPI scores of drug abusers and Mayo Clinic normative groups. AB - Compared MMPIs of 80 male and 80 female drug abusers with MMPIs of 550 male and 695 female Mayo Clinic medical patients. Male drug abusers obtained significantly higher scores than male medical patients on all of the clinical scales and the F scale. They obtained a significantly lower score on K. Female drug abusers obtained significantly higher scores than female medical patients on seven clinical scales, D, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc, Ma, and Si. They scored significantly higher on F and lower on L and K. Male and female drug abusers scored above 70 on Pd, Sc, and Ma, whereas medical patients did not exceed 60 on any scales. Findings were viewed as supporting the need for individualized, sophisticated, multidimensional psychological assessment and treatment of drug abusers in rehabilitation settings. PMID- 7372836 TI - Alcoholics' recovery from cerebral impairment as a function of duration of abstinence. AB - There is clear evidence in the literature for permanent cerebral impairment due to prolonged alcohol abuse. Observation also suggests that there is a component of this cerebral impairment that is found immediately subsequent to heavy drinking and that is reversible. This study examined the time-course of recovery from this temporary impairment and delineated more specifically the neuropsychological functions that participate in the recovery. Four groups (N = 87) of hospitalized male alcoholics were tested after 6, 15, 21, and 110 days of abstinence using the Raven Progressive Matrices, the Trail-Making Test, the Memory for Designs, and the following subscales of the WAIS: Arithmetic, Digit Span, Block Design, Similarities, and Digit Symbol. The results indicated that significant improvement occurred during the third week of abstinence (between 15 and 21 days) on the Digit Span, Block Design, Similarities, Memory for Designs, Raven, and Trail-Making tests, but not on the Arithmetic and Digit Symbol tests. These results suggest that treatment programs that use a preliminary "drying-out" period should consider lengthening this period to 3 weeks to insure that patients are maximally responsive to psychotherapy. PMID- 7372835 TI - The MacAndrew Scale as a measure of substance of abuse and delinquency among adolescents. AB - Used regression equations to determine the predictive power of the abbreviated MacAndrew Scale of the MMPI-168 on self-reported delinquent behavior of 1,672 suburban high school students. The abbreviated MacAndrew Scale score successfully predicted alcohol abuse, but was also shown to be related to crimes against property and persons and to marijuana usage. It was concluded that the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale may not be uniquely sensitive to alcohol abuse among the population sampled. PMID- 7372837 TI - MMPI profiles and code types of responsible and non-responsible criminal defendants. AB - Compared MMPI profiles and two-point code types of criminal defendants (N = 50) who were pleading a defense of "not responsible due to mental disease or defect." In examining the mean, non-K corrected raw scores, no significant differences were found between those defendants determined responsible and those determined non-responsible on individual MMPI scales. A sign test was computed, treating the clinical scales as matched pairs, and a significant difference was found; the non responsible group profile was more elevated. Two-point codes were determined for each group member, and the percentages of individuals within each group who had the same two-point codes were calculated. A chi-square test was significant, which indicates that there is an association between the classification of an individual and the two-point code produced. The 8-7 code type was modal for the responsible group, while the 8-6 code type was modal for the non-responsible group. These findings are discussed, and future research directions in this area are suggested. PMID- 7372838 TI - The adolescent antisocial behavior check list. AB - Described the development and validation of a behavioral checklist that focuses on adolescent inpatient (N = 55) antisocial behavior. Reliability data and three sub-studies that tend to establish the validity of this instrument as a measure of antisocial behavior were presented. The implications for the study of adolescent antisocial behavior as a dependent variable were discussed. PMID- 7372839 TI - Staff attitudes and treatment effectiveness. AB - Previous studies of the impact of staff attitude on outcome among psychiatric hospital patients appear to have yielded conflicting results. These conflicts could be the result of the somewhat imprecise methods generally used in such research. In the present study, the correlations between the mean OMISOS attitude scale scores of those staff members who had the greatest impact on patients and the improvement shown by those patients on six personality scales and two measures of tremulousness during the first 2 weeks of hospitalization were evaluated. Protective Benevolence, a scale that reflects a friendly, laissez faire approach, was associated with improvement. However, the variables reflected by the Authoritarianism, Accountability and Conventionality scales appeared to impede progress. The relationships between staff attitude and improvement were, in any event, small. PMID- 7372840 TI - The effects of race and social class on clinical judgment. AB - Asked 61 male clinical psychologists (21 blacks and 40 whites) to assess case histories that were presented to them to determine whether racial or social class biases could be detected. In order to avoid the apparent artificial results or weak interpretations of past research, only cases with concurrently validated diagnoses and 4-year follow-up were used. An equal number of positive and negative clinical outcomes were included. Diagnosis, disposition, and rated severity were studied. The following results were found: (1) diagnosis for all psychologists was guided by case characteristics, not bias; (2) severity was related strongly to diagnosis; (3) disposition followed judgments of severity and diagnosis, not bias. The question was raised whether clinical investigators may not have overdramatized bias in psychodiagnosis and clinical judgment. PMID- 7372841 TI - Aging with television: images on television drama and conceptions of social reality. PMID- 7372842 TI - The older adult in daytime serial drama. PMID- 7372844 TI - Approaching invisibility: the portrayal of the elderly in magazine advertisements. PMID- 7372843 TI - Images of old age in television drama imported to Israel. PMID- 7372845 TI - How the elderly perceive television commercials. PMID- 7372847 TI - Television access for older adults. PMID- 7372846 TI - Television viewing and self-concept of the elderly. PMID- 7372848 TI - Depriving or pair feeding intact controls induces some persisting regulatory deficits similar to those of the recovered lateral rat. AB - To determine the extent to which acute starvation might contribute to the chronic deficits in regulatory feeding, drinking, and body weight maintenance characteristic of rats with lateral hypothalamic brain lesions, neurologically intact rats were pair-fed (including forced feedings) and pair-watered for 2-4 wk with rats rendered transiently aphagic and adipsic by hypothalamic knife cuts. When the pair-fed rats were subsequently allowed to free-feed, their body weights remained suppressed. In addition, the pair-fed rats failed to eat in response to glucoprivation induced by insulin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose. The pair-fed rat drank less than nondeprived controls, but more than rats with knife cuts, when administered osmotic or volemic challenges to thirst. Other aspects of the recovered lateral syndrome were absent. In a second experiment, intact rats that had recovered from varying durations of semistarvation with or without subsequent forced feedings were tested for regulatory impairments. Deficits in chronic body weight maintenance were found in rats that had been starved and subsequently force-fed. Diminished responses to glucoregulatory challenges were seen in rats that had been starved but not forced-fed as well as in those that had been force fed but not starved. This impaired eating in response to glucoregulatory challenges abated with repeated testing. Thus, both the acute failure of ingestive behaviors and therapeutic forced feedings can contribute to the impired regulatory eating and driniing that follow recovery from certain types of brain damage. PMID- 7372849 TI - Differential effects of lesions in medial and dorsal raphe of the rat: latent inhibition and septohippocampal serotonin levels. AB - Rats received either 0 or 30 preexposures to a tone which was later used as a conditioned stimulus (CS) in a two-way avoidance task. Tone preexposure resulted in retarded conditioning in normal animals and animals with dorsal raphe lesions. This latent inhibition effect, however, was not present in animals with medial raphe lesions. The failure of CS preexposure to retard conditioning in animals with medial raphe lesions was not due to differences in auditory sensitivity or shock reactivity. Biochemical analysis indicated that whereas medial raphe lesions significantly reduced serotonin in the septohippocampal complex, dorsal raphe lesions had no such effect. The results are discussed in terms of the differing roles of the mesolimbic and mesostriatal serotonergic systems in learning to ignore irrelevant stimuli. PMID- 7372851 TI - Restricted feeding and its effects on aphagia and ingestion-related disorders following lateral hypothalamic damage. AB - Previous studies have shown that lateral hypothalamic (LH) damage produces aphagia, gastric pathology, hyperthermia, and sensorimotor dysfunctions. Furthermore, preoperative dieting has been reported to shorten the period of aphagia, reduce the incidence of gastric pathology, attenuate the hyperthermia, and facilitate recovery of certain sensorimotor dysfunctions following LH lesions in rats. The present study compared the effects of dieting and two additional restricted feeding regimens (meal feeding alone or in combination with a high carbohydrate supplement) which produced different body weight functions on several disorders induced by LH lesions. Restricted feeding (i.e., dieting and meal feeding), which resulted in approximately at 5% to 25% drop in body weight prior to LH lesions, similarly shortened the period of postoperative aphagia, reduced the incidence of gastric pathology, prevented the hyperthermia, and facilitated recovery of responsivity to tactile stimulation; however, other sensorimotor dysfunctions were relatively unaffected. Because the initial reinstatement of eating occurred at different body weight levels and in the presence of obvious sensorimotor abnormalities, it is unlikely that either body or sensorimotor dysfunctions per se are critical factors in determining the period of aphagia. The results are more consistent with the view that metabolic disorders that are attenuated by restricted feeding significantly contribute to the ingestive deficits of LH-damaged rats. PMID- 7372850 TI - Two-way shuttle box and lever-press avoidance in the spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rat. AB - These experiments characterized behaviorally two strains of rat that have been selectively bred for blood pressure differences. Avoidance performances of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and normotensive rat (WKYN) were examined under two conditions: a discrete-trial two-way shuttle box avoidance procedure and a discrete-trial lever-press avoidance procedure. The WKYN strain reached a higher level of acquisition in the two-way shuttle box task than the SHR strain, but this difference was confounded by an initial difference in pretest avoidance rate. In contrast, the SHR strain was superior in the lever-press avoidance procedure under all conditions employed. These data are interpreted as being consistent with a hypothesis offered by Satinder that strains selectively bred for some behavioral feature may also differ in central arousal which will interact with task difficulty to determine performance differences. The data clearly indicate that the selective breeding for high and low blood pressure has simultaneously influenced the behavioral properties of these two strains. PMID- 7372852 TI - Visual information and approach behavior in genetically manipulated quail chicks: preference hierarchies and interactions of flash rate, flash amplitude, luminance, and color. AB - Visual preferences were studied in 18,225 quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica) of three genetic populations, in relation to 185 pairs of systematically varied and combined flash rates, flash amplitudes, luminances, and colors. Results indicate additive and nonadditive interactions between preference values of stimulus elements embedded in complex stimulus information. Flicker preferences changed with changes in overall stimulus liminances, flash amplitudes, and colors. Likewise, color preferences changed with the presence or absence and rate of flicker. Interactions between preference values of stimuli were related to threshold effects and genetic influences. Dominance of flicker over color preference was found in genetic controls, but subjects drawn from the 14th generation of bidirectional genetic selection for color choices preferred the genetically favored colors regardless of flicker. Discussion examines the data from the perspectives of coding and processing stimulus information. PMID- 7372853 TI - Ontogeny of the acoustic startle response in C57BL/6J mouse pups. AB - A cross-sectional design was used to study the development of acoustic startle behavior in C57BL/6J mice from the approximate onset of hearing (12 days) to 17 days of age. Startle incidence and latency were recorded in response to 5-, 7-, 10-, 15-, and 20-kHz tones each presented at 80, 90, and 100 dB (SPL). From 12 to 17 days of age, higher frequency and lower intensity tones became increasingly effective in eliciting the acoustic startle response. In addition, startle latency decreased substantially, and response incidence became more sensitive to changes in tone intensity and tone frequency. This rapid ontogeny of the acoustic startle response closely parallels previously demonstrated neurophysiological development of the mouse pup auditory system. PMID- 7372854 TI - Acute elevation of the heat load of mother rats curtails maternal nest bouts. AB - Elevation of the rate of rise of ventral, core, or preoptic area temperature in mother rats while they were nesting with their offspring curtailed nest-bout durating. In addition, the naturally occurring curtailment of nest bouts that occurs in mothers caring for large pups was found to be accompanied by an elevated rate at which maternal temperature rose over the course of a nest bout. These data are consistent with the suggestion that nest-bout duration is thermally limited. PMID- 7372855 TI - Depletion of central catecholamines alters amphetamine- and fenfluramine-induced taste aversions in the rat. AB - Conditioned taste aversions induced by pairing the consumption of saccharin with an amphetamine injection are attenuated in rats with depletion of central catecholamines caused by intraventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA). The hypothesis that dopamine (DA) depletion is responsible for this effect was tested. The reduction in conditioning caused by intraventricular 6-OHDA could not be duplicated either with injections of 6-OHDA into the substantia nigra (Experiment 1) or with intraventricular 6-OHDA injections in animals pretreated with desmethylimipramine (Experiment 2). Both treatments, however, produced large depletions of telencephalic DA. 6-Hydroxydopa infusions caused a preferential loss of telencephalic norepinephrine (NE) but also failed to alter taste aversion learning. It is concluded that the effect of intraventricular 6-OHDA on amphetamine-induced aversions was the result of depletion of both NE and DA. In a third experiment the generality of the effect was examined by pairing saccharin consumption with injections of the amphetamine congener fenfluramine. Depletion of both NE and DA failed to alter fenfluramine-induced aversions. Infusion of 6 OHDA into the substantia nigra, however, retarded the extinction of such an aversion. Evidence is discussed for a peripheral site of action for fenfluramine in the conditioned aversion paradigm. PMID- 7372856 TI - Quantitative analysis of sex differences in hormone accumulation in the zebra finch brain: methodological and theoretical issues. AB - The autoradiographic method was used to compare the numbers of hormone accumulating cells in several brain regions in male and female zebra finches (Poephila guttata) after injection of tritiated testosterone. The brain regions examined were the caudal nucleus of the hyperstriatum ventrale (HVc), magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (MAN), robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA), nucleus intercollicularis of the midbrain (ICo), the tracheosyringeal hypoglossal motor nucleus (nXIIts), and periventricular magnocellular nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus (PVM). All but the last of these regions are thought to be involved in the control of vocalizations in passerine song birds. Males have significantly more labelled cells in HVc and MAN. In RA, there is no difference in total percentage of labelled cells, but there is a sex difference in size distribution of labelled cells. No sex difference was detected in other brain regions. These differences are found when using a criterion for cell labelling which is based on the Poisson distribution, and the relative merits are evaluated of various quantitative criteria used in the analysis of steroid autoradiograms. The magnitude of the observed sex difference may be influenced by several biasing factors, yet the sex difference persists when corrections are applied to eliminate the biases, indicating that the sex difference is not an artifact of autoradiographic procedure. The magnitude of the sex difference in hormone accumulation has certain implications for the process of sexual differentiation of the brain. PMID- 7372857 TI - The paleostriatal system of Caiman crocodilus. AB - The organization and projections of the presumed homologue of the mammalian corpus striatum, the ventrolateral area (VLA) of the telencephalon, were investigated in the reptile Caiman crocodilus. The caiman VLA was divided into two major cell fields on the basis of cytoarchitectonic criteria: a rostromedial small celled field (VLA s.c.) and a large celled field occupying the dorsal, lateral and ventrocaudal portions of the VLA (VLA l.c.). Histochemical results indicate that the VLA s.c. contains high levels of both cholinesterase and catecholamine (CA) activity. An intense lacy plexus of CA-containing axons and terminals was found in the VLA s.c. Far less CA activity was found within the VLA l.c. CA activity within the VLA appears to be derived primarily from axons of cells located within a large field of the midbrain tegmentum which is called in this report nucleus tegmenti pedunculo pontinus (TP). In the caiman the VLA also receives projections from the CA-positive cells of the locus ceruleus and from serotonin containing cells of the midline raphe system. Anatomical experiments indicate that the VLA l.c. receives projections from neurons in the VLA s.c. and projects upon these subtelencephalic cell groups: the anterior and posterior entopeduncular nuclei (ENa and ENp), the ventral lateral and ventral medial thalamic areas (Avl and Avm), the dorsal nucleus of the posterior commissure (nDCP), and TP. The VLA s.c. projects upon TP. ENa neurons project upon cells in the VLA l.c. Cells of Avl and Avm receive both paleostriatal and cerebellar projections; Avl neurons project upon portions of the rostral telencephalon external to the VLA. NDCP neurons project upon the optic tectum. The organization and projections oleostriatal complex of the pigeon (Karten and Dubbeldam, '73; Brauth, Ferguson and Kitt, '78) and to the mammalian basal ganglia. The following paleostriatal characteristics appear to be common features in these species and may represent retained characteristics derived from the common ancestor: (1) an ascending catecholaminergic system derived from neurons in the midbrain tegmentum; (2) projections from the basal striatum upon the catecholamine containing neurons of the midbrain tegmentum; (3) an intrinsic cholinergic system; (4) projections upon thalamic cell groups which are also in receipt of cerebellar projections and which project upon telencephalic regions external to the paleostriatum; (5) reciprocal connections between the paleostriatum and the ventral or subthalamus; and (6) projections upon cell groups which project to the optic tectum. The results are discussed in terms of the overall role of the basal ganglia in the neural control of behavior. PMID- 7372858 TI - Development of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in normal and visually deprived cats. AB - Although much is known about the cell size changes that take place in the cat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus as a result of visual deprivation, very little is known about the time course of either of these changes or the changes that occur during normal development. In addition, all previous studies of lateral geniculate nucleus cell size have been confined to the dorsal laminae A and A1 since the more ventral "C" laminae are impossible to identify in normal Nissl stained material. However, it is possible to extend the cell measurement data to laminae C, C1, and C2 by using autoradiographic techniques. Cross-sectional area measurements of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus cells were made in 47 normally reared kittens and 45 monocularly deprived kittens. All of the normal kittens and 39 of the 45 deprived kittens were studied during the first 70 days of postnatal life. Six deprived cats used to study the deprivation induced changes in cell size in the "C" laminae were allowed to survive for longer periods. In normal kittens, lateral geniculate nucleus cells grow rapidly during the first four weeks of life. Cells in the deprived layers also grow rapidly during this time, however, at the end of the first month their growth stops and a slow shrinkage takes place over the next several weeks. In the "C" laminae of deprived cats significant changes in cell size are confined to layer C. Although many of the deprived cats show greater deprivation induced changes in cell size in the binocular segment of the lateral geniculate nucleus than in the monocular segment, other cats show approximately equal changes in cell size in the two regions. In addition, some cats exhibit little, if any, deprivation induced change in lamina A cell size but do show quite severe cell shrinkage in lamina A1. PMID- 7372859 TI - Quantitative study of the effects of monocular enucleation and deprivation on cell growth in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. PMID- 7372860 TI - Ascending projections from the lateral descending and common sensory trigeminal nuclei in python. AB - The primary sensory trigeminal system of Python is characterized by the presence of an additional nucleus which is involved in processing data obtained by infrared sensors. This so-called lateral descending nucleus (LTTD) is strictly separated from the nuclei of the common sensory trigeminal system. The present study was undertaken in order to establish the relation between the two sensory trigeminal systems and higher brainstem structures. Further we studied whether the projections of these two systems remain separated at higher brainstem levels. It is shown that the organization of particularly the thalamus is characterized by the presence of specific projection areas of each of the two trigeminal systems: a) the ability of infrared preception is reflected particularly in the presence of an unique thalamic nucleus: the nucleus pararotundus and probably also in the enlargement of nucleus rotundus; and b) distinct subnuclei in the thalamic ventral nuclear complex are related to the various nuclei of the common sensory trigeminal system. The main ascending projection of LTTD runs via a distinct tract to the central gray layer (SGC) of the contralateral tectum mesencephali and the nucleus pararotundus (PR). Rostrally, numerous fibres decussate again via the tectal commissure and terminate ipsilaterally in the rostral part of SGC and in PR. The ascending projections of the common sensory trigeminal nuclei resemble those of mammals by gaining thalamic nuclei (ventral nuclear complex). No projections of the tectum nor to the striatum (like in birds) were observed. The two sensory trigeminal systems remain separately organised, in their projections as well as in their structure. No major connection between the two trigeminal system is present. PMID- 7372861 TI - Computed tomography of posterior fossa trauma. AB - A group of 1,700 cases of head trauma were reviewed to determine the incidence of posterior fossa injuries and to assess the value of computed tomography (CT) in their diagnosis and management. In 57 cases (3.3%), the most significant and primary injuries were within the posterior fossa. These included epidural hematoma (EDH), acute and chronic subdural hematoma (SDH), and parenchymal hemorrhage and contusion of the cerebellum and brainstem. The prognosis varies with the location and severity of the injury. Brainstem injuries are associated with a high mortality rate. Computed tomography proves particularly useful in the early recognition of brainstem injury. The demonstration by CT of obliteration of the cisterns surrounding the brainstem is a reliable sign of a grave prognosis in brainstem injury. Contrast enhancement is useful in demonstrating whether the dural sinuses are displaced, thus differentiating EDH from SDH. Except in the rare case of vascular injury unassociated with EDH, CT correlated with the neurological examination is an accurate method of determining the nature, location, and extent of significant posterior fossa injury. Scans of high quality are mandatory, and frequent supplementary contrast studies are recommended. PMID- 7372862 TI - Metrizamide CT cisternography in the diagnosis and localization of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. AB - Metrizamide computed tomography cisternography was performed for the diagnosis and accurate localization of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea in six patients (five posttraumatic and one spontaneous). The examination not only delineated the fracture or bony defect through the base of the skull, but it also demonstrated the leakage of CSF mixed with metrizamide. PMID- 7372863 TI - Computed tomographic evaluation of subdural and epidural metastases. AB - Head computed tomography scans of eight patients with calvarial metastases revealed extension of the tumors into the epidural and subdural spaces; Epidural and subdural extensions enhanced after contrast medium administration and were either crescentic or biconcave. In six patients, these tumors produced sufficient mass effect to displace intraparenchymal structures. The subdural and epidural tumor extensions appeared similar to subdural and epidural hematomas, but could be diagnosed correctly because the former enhanced uniformly and were associated with destructive calvarial changes. PMID- 7372864 TI - CT demonstration of dural metastases in neuroblastoma. AB - Computed tomography provides a graphic picture of dural involvement due to metastatic neuroblastoma. These metastases occur along the external surface of the dura and cause further separation of the brain parenchyma from the bony calvarium. The dural metastases are continuous with subcutaneous deposits via the separated sutures. Sutural separation is nonuniform, and the sutural margins are indistinct due to bony involvement. The lytic bony metastases may produce localized calvarial thickening that may have a sunburst appearance. PMID- 7372865 TI - Computed tomography in the evaluation of congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis. AB - This report deals with the contribution of computed tomography (CT) to the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis in two infants. Computed tomography revealed diffuse hydrocephalus and confirmed the periventricular nature of the brain calcifications. The clinical, radiographic, and CT findings are discussed. PMID- 7372866 TI - Mineral content of cortical bone measured by computed tomography. AB - A method for the computed tomographic measurement of bone calcium in the cortex of the femur or tibia is described. A calibration standard is scanned concurrently with the bones being measured. The standard contains high and low density references arranged so that the errors due to beam hardening and partial volume effects are minimized or cancelled. Repositioning errors are insignificant because of the uniformity of the cortical bone being measured. Results from cases of osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and others are discussed. The method probably combines the best elements of accuracy and precision that are necessary for useful measurement. It can be used with existing whole body scanners. PMID- 7372867 TI - On the optimality of the filtered backprojection algorithm. AB - It is shown that under certain conditions the filtered backprojection algorithm produces a computed tomographic reconstruction for which the statistical accuracy attainable in the amplitude estimation of large-area objects meets the general lower bound derived by Tretiak. In this sense, filtered backprojection is an optimum algorithm. PMID- 7372868 TI - Cystadenomas of the pancreas: diagnosis by computed tomography. AB - Three cases of benign pancreatic cystadenoma, diagnosed by computed tomography (CT), are reported. Other neoplasms with similar CT appearance are illustrated as examples of some pitfalls in the CT diagnosis of cystadenoma. PMID- 7372870 TI - Azygos continuation of inferior vena cava: CT appearance. AB - Two cases demonstrating the computed tomographic appearance of azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are presented. One is associated with a retroaortic left renal vein and the other with a duplicated IVC. An enlarged azygos vein should not be confused with retrocrural lymphadenopathy or a mediastinal mass. It is a tubular structure extending from the diaphragm to the azygos arch, which together with the aorta forms a characteristic collar around the trachea. It enhances intensely after intravenous injection of contrast material. PMID- 7372871 TI - Computed tomographic demonstration of anomalous inferior vena cava with azygos continuation. AB - A case of anomalous inferior vena cava with azygos continuation first diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) and later confirmed by venography is presented. In addition to identifying the dilated azygos vein in the chest, CT can determine the direction of flow in the vein by means of a bolus contrast medium injection. Once this is established, a search for the etiology of the dilated vein can be directed to the appropriate anatomic area. PMID- 7372869 TI - The role of computed tomography in the initial staging and subsequent management of the lymphomas. AB - To assess the full potential of computed tomography (CT) in the investigation and management of malignant lymphomas, a series of 160 patients with both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas was reviewed. Eighty-eight patients were newly diagnosed and previously untreated, while the remaining 72 who had already received treatment presented either as problems of management or with suspected recurrence of the disease. Computed tomography compared favorably with lymphography as a valuable investigation in the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph node involvement. Furthermore, CT added extra information on the full extent of the disease, particularly in those areas not detectable by conventional studies (high paraaortic, retrocrural, mesenteric, splenic, and hepatic hilar nodes). The overall distribution of lymph node involvement both above and below the diaphragm in the two groups of lymphomas was assessed prior to treatment and any obvious differences noted. At the same time, extranodal involvement was analyzed and found to be more difficult to interpret. The value of CT in changing the staging across the diaphragm was recognized. Clinical, CT, and laparotomy findings were correlated in 22 untreated patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma. In conclusion, the role of CT in the initial treatment planning, in the subsequent monitoring of treatment response, and in the assessment of disease recurrence was evaluated. PMID- 7372872 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis. AB - A case of pseudomembranous colitis is reported in which computed tomography (CT) played an important role in the diagnosis and differentiation from other causes of fever and abdominal pain. It is important to look for CT evidence of primary bowel disease when scans are performed for possible abdominal abscess, since these two conditions may present similar clinical features. PMID- 7372873 TI - Thoracopagus twins studied with computed tomography. AB - Chest and abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed preoperatively in a case of thoracopagus twins. Although in this case some information regarding the joined hearts and livers and the separate pairs of kidneys was obtained by CT, it is evident that other examinations are still needed to evaluate the various organ systems. This is particularly true for angiocardiography. PMID- 7372874 TI - Occult lung cavity causing hemoptysis: recognition by computed tomography. AB - Computed tomography (CT) was the only modality to identify a lesion causing hemoptysis in a patient with a cavity due to coccidioidomycosis. It is suggested that CT be considered as the initial study for evaluation of hemoptysis following a negative plain chest film examination. PMID- 7372875 TI - Computed tomography in the "thalamic syndrome". AB - A 50-year-old man was evaluated for paresthesia and pain affecting the left side of his body and face. The paresthesia and pain developed and progressed concomitantly with a resolving left hemiparesis attributed to a lacunar infarct occurring 5 months prior to admission. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a discrete lesion in the region of the dorsomedial margin of the nucleus ventralis posterior. To the many pathological reports localizing the lesion of the "thalamic syndrome," one can now add the CT verification of the lesion in vivo. PMID- 7372876 TI - Symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst demonstrated on computed tomography. AB - An unusual case of a symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) initially demonstrated by computed tomography is presented. A discussion of RCC and its differentiation from other disease entities that may mimic it are included. PMID- 7372877 TI - Multiplanar evaluation of the optic canal from axial transverse CT sections. AB - High resolution multiplanar images of the optic canal can be obtained using computer transformations of 1.5 mm axial transverse sections through the orbit. Parasagittal sections through the optic canal along the course of the optic nerve or sections perpendicular to the canal are easily and reproducibly obtained. This approach is a much more efficacious means of examining the optic canal both in terms of information yield and reduction in radiation dose. PMID- 7372878 TI - Cellular blue nevus. An ultrastructural study. AB - Cellular blue nevus can be clinically and histogenetically confused with malignant melanoma but remains a benign neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis. This paper reports the ultrastructural features of three cases of cellular blue nevus and emphasizes melanosomal alterations, including immature and granular forms, multiple layers of basement membrane around vessels, nerve fibers and tumor cells; endothelial fenestrations and banded structures within the nerve and outside in the stroma. A unifying concept of neural crest derived tumors is presented to better understand the histogenesis of cellular blue nevus. PMID- 7372879 TI - Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 7372880 TI - Internal organization of plasma membranes during the acantholytic process. A freeze-fracture study. AB - The internal organization of plasma membranes was studied in seven subjects with pemphigus vulgaris and in one subject with familial pemphigus using the freeze fracture technique. The results obtained seem to suggest that the acantholytic process is produced in a similar fashion whatever the pathogenic agent and that desmosomes represent the "target" membrane specializations in the acantholytic phenomena. The reduction and eventual disappearance of desmosomal particle aggregations is seemingly accompanied by an increase in gap junctions. PMID- 7372881 TI - Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis: a transepidermal perforating disorder. AB - Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis is a chronic disorder occurring exclusively on the ear. It is most common in the sixth decade, and two thirds of the patients are men. Although it has no single characteristic histologic feature, a diagnosis can be made with certainty with a clinical history and a combination of morphologic changes seen in the cartilage and overlying skin. The natural history and histology are similar to a group of disorders characterized by transepithelial elimination known as the perforating dermatoses. PMID- 7372882 TI - Ultrastructure of early pigmentary changes in Dowling-Degos' disease. AB - Dowling-Degos' anomaly is characterized by a reticular and spotted pigmentation of the skin folds; this pigmentary disturbance, occurring most often in women, is a dominant inherited genodermatosis which worsens progressively and may exhibit in the early phase rapid changes in severity after emotional stress. In a 9-year old girl, an electonmicroscopic study of pigmented lesions showed a strong melanocytic activity with quantitative increase of the melanosomes; the average size of the melanosomes was not different when compared to normal Caucasoid skin, but in the keratinocytes they were distributed according to a dispersed pattern as in black skin. The pigmentary state of Dowling-Degos' disease is another example of melanocyte-keratinocyte interaction where the epidermal melanin pattern and the size of pigment granules are not in striking correlation. An accelerated rate of melanogenesis and pigmentation may be another factor determining a non-aggregated distribution of the melanosomes within the keratinocytes. The nature of the stimulus of pigmentation in these skin areas which are not sun-exposed is still unclear. PMID- 7372883 TI - Verrucous carcinoma of skin. AB - Five different cases of verrucous proliferative lesions of skin are described and discussed. One of each developed in a chronic ulcer on a heel, in a scar on a lower leg, and on the penis, and two appeared in the region of the buttock in relation to chronic inflammatory sinuses. All these lesions showed morphological and clinical features of verrucous carcinoma which are described. It has been concluded that the variously named verrucous lesions in the literature (epithelioma cuniculatum, florid papillomatosis, giant cutaneous papilloma and papillomatosis cutis carcinoides), as well as our five cases represent a verrucous carcinoma which is a particular type of squamous cell carcinoma. This tumor develops typically in moist areas which are frequently sites of chronic inflammation. Despite the favorable prognosis, it is a potentially invasive tumor. PMID- 7372884 TI - Effect of deflector shields fitted in the milking machine teatcup liner on bovine udder disease. AB - Deflector shields were inserted in the teatcup to prevent 'impacts' against the teat end, and their effect on the rate of new udder infections was studied on 15 commercial dairy farms in Britain and 16 in Australia. Small metal shields were fitted between the liner barrel and short milk tube of 2 teatcups in each cluster in a milking installation so that all cows in a herd always had the same 2 quarters shielded. Half-udder comparisons were made using 1039 cows in the British herds and 1268 in the Australian herds. Herds were quarter-sampled for cytological and bacteriological examination when shields were fitted at the start of the experiment and again after 6 months. The shield effects were similar in the 2 experiments. The combined results from the 31 farms showed that 10.5% fewer quarters became infected when protected by shields (P less than 0.05). In the 1287 cows that had no infected quarters at the start of the trial, 15% fewer quarters became infected when protected by shields (P less than 0.01). The shield effect was mainly confined to hind quarters in which 23% fewer shielded quarters became infected (P less than 0.001). The small reduction of 2% in forequarters was not significant. In the 16 herds in which post-milking disinfection of teats was practised, shielded quarters had 23.5% fewer new infections than unshielded quarters (P less than 0.01). In 6 British herds milked in installations classed as non-standard, shielded quarters had almost 50% fewer new infections than the unshielded quarters (0.05 less than P less than 0.10). The results provide evidence of a milking machine effect, at varying levels of intensity, to increase new infection rates on all or most farms. Control of this machine effect could lead to substantial reduction in new infections in some herds and a modest reduction in most. PMID- 7372885 TI - Prevalence of different species of coagulase-negative staphylococci on teats and in milk samples from dairy cows. PMID- 7372886 TI - Identification, properties, and differential counts of cell populations using electron microscopy of dry cows secretions, colostrum and milk from normal cows. AB - Differential counts of electron microscope sections of cell pellets isolated from bovine udder secretions showed that no secretory epithelial cells and very few ductal epithelial cells were present at any stage. The predominant cell type was the macrophage in dry and lactating cows or the polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) in colostrum. Lymphocytes were also present but no plasma cells were found. The macrophages took up polystyrene latex particles (as did the PMNL) and adhered to glass in culture. Neither macrophage- nor PMNL-rich cell suspensions produced any increase in free fatty acid levels when incubated with fresh milk. PMID- 7372887 TI - Activation of milk lipase by serum proteins: possible role in the occurrence of lipolysis in raw bovine milk. AB - The increase in unesterified fatty acid content of unpasteurized bulk milk in storage at 4 degrees C in the presence of known effectors of bovine milk lipoprotein lipase originating from bovine serum was studied. Bovine serum and high density lipoprotein (HDL) caused an increase in developed unesterified fatty acid levels whilst lipoprotein-free serum, apo-HDL, all individual apo-HDL tested, and the unfractionated C-peptide fraction were without lipolytic effect. In the presence of HDL-lipids, 2 C-peptides stimulated considerable lipolysis, as did the combination of HDL-lipid with unfractionated C-peptides. These characteristics of unesterified fatty acid development could be duplicated in milk whose endogenous lipolytic activity had been destroyed by heat treatment (75 degrees C for 5 min) and then restored by addition of purified bovine milk lipoprotein lipase. Radioactively labelled glycerol trioleate in milk was not hydrolysed in the same way as milk fat on the addition of serum liproproteins. PMID- 7372888 TI - Levels and location of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in bovine milk. AB - Bovine milk systems were analysed for adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) using the luciferase-ATP reaction in a liquid scintillation counter. Approximately 0.2 mumol ATP/l milk serum were evident both in whole milks and the corresponding skim-milks. ATP was not detectable in skim-milk ultrafiltrates. These findings indicated that ATP was present in a non-dialysable portion of skim-milk. Centrifugation of whole milks from individual cows at 5500 g for 15 min at 10 degrees C yielded skim-milks essentially devoid of somatic cells and bacteria. However, the ATP in the skim-milks decreased by less than 20% compared with the whole milks indicating that the calcium phosphate-citrate (CPC)--caseinate micelles were the source of the ATP. ATP was not detectable in colloidal phosphate-free milk, from which CPC had been removed, confirming that the ATP was sequestered in the constituent CPC. Likewise, the occurrence of significant amounts of Mg, another potent stabilizer of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in other biological systems, was confirmed in the colloidal phosphate of milk. From 0.13 to 0.31 mumole ATP/1 (mean 0.23) was found in the 9 milk samples studied. The discovery of small but appreciable levels of ATP in the CPC of milk provides further evidence for the analogy previously shown to exist between the CPC complex of milk and the ACP which accumulates in mitochondria. The latter has been postulated to provide an essential precursor for crystalline bone salts to form in ordered calcification processes. The implications of these findings in the biosynthesis of milk are briefly discussed. PMID- 7372891 TI - A comparative study of self-esteem among minority group adolescents in Britain. PMID- 7372889 TI - Mandalas and manipulators. A Jungian insight into order and chaos and its impact on the adolescent. PMID- 7372890 TI - Reforming the juvenile justice system. PMID- 7372892 TI - "Can there ever be enough for me?" Reparenting the young single parent. PMID- 7372893 TI - Sources of sixth form stress. PMID- 7372894 TI - Group work with late adolescent offenders. PMID- 7372895 TI - Accuracy of predicting stages of bovine estrous cycle by gross appearance of the corpus luteum. AB - Four readily identifiable changes in appearance of corpora lutea (Stages I to IV) occur during a bovine estrous cycle. Accuracy of estimating the stage of an estrous cycle by appearance of corpora lutea was determined in a double-blind study. One investigator observed estrus in a group of heifers while another with no prior knowledge of reproductive histories of the heifers estimated stage of the estrous cycle by visual inspection of their corpora lutea. Stage of the estrous cycle (Stage I, days 1 to 4; Stage II, days 5 to 10; Stage III, days 11 to 17; Stage IV, days 18 to 20) was estimated correctly in 41 of 48 heifers. The correlation between estimated and actual days of the estrous cycle was .81. In addition, concentrations of progestins and weights of corpora lutea during estimated stages of the estrous cycle were similar to many other investigations. Stages of the estrous cycle in heifers can be estimated from appearance of corpora lutea. PMID- 7372896 TI - Reproductive hormone and ovarian changes in cows with ovarian cysts. AB - Changes in ovaries and concentrations of reproductive hormones were monitored for 30 days in eight dairy cows with ovarian cysts. Diagnosis of ovarian cysts was based upon detection of single or multiple follicular structures on one or both ovaries of at least 2.5 cm in diameter twice at 10 days apart. Eleven days following the initial diagnosis (day 0) cows were bled at .5-h intervals for 4 h. Beginning the next day eight blood samples were collected from each cow at 4-day intervals. Ovarian examinations were subsequent to blood collection on days 1 to 29. Although concentrations of luteinizing hormone in plasma were variable within cows, only four cows had maximum concentrations greater than 3.0 ng/ml at any time. During the 29 day interval concentrations of progesterone and estradiol-17 beta were not only different among cows but also variable within cows. Over the 29 days, only one cow had mean concentrations of progesterone in plasma greater than 1.0 ng/ml, but concentrations were 1.0 ng/ml or greater in seven of the cows in at least one of the eight plasma samples. Ovarian cycles were not reestablished in any of the cows. However, cystic structures regressed in six cows but only in conjunction with the formation of new ovarian cysts. PMID- 7372897 TI - Chronic iodine toxicity in dairy cattle: blood chemistry, leukocytes, and milk iodide. AB - Preliminary data from farm herds fed excessive dietary iodide and displaying signs of iodism indicated hyperglycemia, hypocholesterolemia, and a neutrophilic lymphopenic shift in blood leukocytes. Subsequently blood, milk, and urine were analyzed from 90 cows in 10 herds fed normal (average 16 mg/cow daily) or high (average 164 mg) iodide as ethylenediamine dihydriodide for prophylactic purposes and from one herd fed iodinated casein for 3 wk. Glucose, area nitrogen, and neutrophils were higher while cholesterol and lymphocytes were lower in blood from cows fed high iodide. Milk iodide averaged .37 +/- .03 ppm from normal and 2.16 +/- .25 from herds fed high iodide. Neutrophils, glucose, protein, and globulin of serum increased while lymphocytes, cholesterol, and thyroxine decreased as iodide in milk and urine increased. Signs of iodism included lacrimation, coryza, conjunctivitis, coughing, hair loss, and exophthalmus. These findings corroborate other reports that excessive iodide alters metabolism and is toxic to immune mechanisms, suggesting that dietary iodide should be limited to nutritional requirements and prolonged prophylactic or therapeutic use should be avoided. PMID- 7372898 TI - Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. AB - Catalyzed phenol-hypochlorite and ninhydrin colorimetric procedures were adapted to the Technicon AutoAnalyzer for simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid or ruminal in vitro media. The manifold developed was compatible with a sampling rate of 40/h without significant sample-to-sample carryover. With proper storage, reagents for both the phenol-hypochlorite and the air-stable ninhydrin systems were stable for 8 mo or more. Response of individual amino acids in the phenol-hypochlorite system were generally 1% or less than equimolar amounts of ammonia. Certain amino acids inhibited ammonia color yield 10 to 15% when with equimolar amounts of ammonia; however, the inhibitory effect of casein amino acids was only 2 to 3%. Although ninhydrin response, relative to leucine, of individual alpha-amino acids ranged from 62 (valine) to 151% (histidine), recoveries of casein amino acids from ruminal fluid had coefficients of variation of 1% or less. Coefficients of variation for ammonia recoveries from ruminal fluid by the phenol-hypochlorite procedure were about half of those for the Conway microdiffusion technique. Intraclass correlations for the adapted procedures indicated high degrees of accuracy and precision for both ammonia and amino acid analyses. PMID- 7372899 TI - Effects of sources and amounts of potassium on feed palatability and on potassium toxicity in dairy calves. PMID- 7372900 TI - Effect of a purified or corn-skim milk diet on retention and tissue distribution of manganese-54 in calves. AB - Calves were fed a corn-skim milk or a purified diet to determine if the large differences in manganese metabolism in rats fed such diets also occurred in ruminating calves. The calf purified diet was similar to the rat purified diet but with potassium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate added as buffers to be suitable for ruminating calves. In contrast to the huge differences in rats, retention of manganese-54 was the same in calves fed the corn-skim milk diet as in calves fed the purified diet. It is unlikely that the minor differences in the diets caused such large differences in effects between calves and rats. A likely reason for the difference is the functional rumen in the calf. The active rumen may metabolize ingredient(s) that affect manganese absorption in the rat and, therefore, would not be in the small intestine to affect absorption by the calf. PMID- 7372901 TI - Alternate methods of feeding alfalfa to calves. AB - Forty Holstein heifer calves were assigned at random among four dietary treatments: 1) an all-concentrate ration; 2) a pelleted complete ration of 20% alfalfa and 80% concentrate; 3) concentrate and alfalfa pellets fed separately, free-choice; and 4) concentrate and long-stem alfalfa hay fed separately, free choice. Treatment diets were continued for 12 wk. Calves fed the concentrate only had reduced weight gains, feed intakes, and poorer feed efficiencies compared to treatments 2 and 4. Calves fed long-stem alfalfa hay as a roughage consumed more feed and had larger weight gains than calves fed alfalfa pellets as a roughage free-choice. The pelleted complete ration containing 20% alfalfa was comparable to a ration containing long-stem alfalfa hay free-choice for weight gains and feed efficiencies. The digestibility of dry matter and crude protein of the pelleted complete feed was similar to the digestibility of equal amounts and proportions of concentrate and alfalfa pellets fed separately. Thus, when fed free choice to early-weaned calves, pelleted alfalfa is inferior to long-stem hay for stimulating intake of dry matter. However, increasing the proportion of alfalfa pellets in a complete ration compensates for its partial loss of efficacy for elevating feed intake and growth rates. PMID- 7372902 TI - Dimethyl sulfide in milk of lactating dairy cows fed various sulfur compounds. AB - Mature dairy cows in late lactation were given capsules containing 26, 40, 60, or 80 g of D,L-methionine; 32, 49, 69, or 90 g of methionine hydroxy analog; or 1, 2, or 4 ml of dimethyl sulfide. Animals used as controls received capsules containing water. Milk was collected at hourly intervals for 5 h and analyzed for dimethyl sulfide content by gas chromatography. All experimental cows were managed and fed (mainly corn silage plus concentrate with some hay and pasture) with the rest of the herd but were limited to water and clover hay during the 5-h experimental periods. Administration of 60 or 80 g of D,L-methionine or 1, 2, or 4 ml of dimethyl sulfide resulted in the appearance of dimethyl sulfide in the milk. The concentration of dimethyl sulfide in milk from cows receiving orally administered dimethyl sulfide (2 or 4 ml) was greatest at 1 h. When D,L methionine (60 or 80 g) was given, dimethyl sulfide concentrations were lower and peaked later in the sampling period. The maximum concentration of dimethyl sulfide in the milk was 4.5 ppb when 4 ml of dimethyl sulfide were administered orally. No dimethyl sulfide was in the milk for any amount of methionine hydroxy analog, for 26 or 40 g of D,L-methionine, or for control capsules. PMID- 7372903 TI - Effect of dietary manganese on growth and manganese metabolism in sheep. AB - Three groups of five wethers were each fed ad libitum a practical type diet containing 22, 300, or 3000 ppm of manganese for 8 wk. The wethers then were fistulated and killed 13 h after intraruminal dosing with manganese-54. Several tissues were sampled. Average daily gains and feed/gain ratios of sheep fed diets containing 22 and 300 ppm manganese were similar, but gain was lower and the ratio higher for sheep fed the diet containing 3000 ppm manganese than for those fed other diets. Feed intake was approximately the same for all treatments. Increased dietary manganese increased its concentration in soft tissues and bile. There was also a decrease in the uptake and specific activity of manganese-54 in the liver with increasing dietary manganese. Concentration of copper increased and concentration of zinc decreased in liver of sheep with increasing dietary manganese. PMID- 7372904 TI - High fat rations dairy cows, tallow and hydrolyzed blended fat at two intakes. AB - Tallow and blended animal-vegetable fat were mixed as 10% of diet concentrate and compared with a concentrate containing no added fat. Concentrate containing fat was fed at two percents of diet dry matter, 50% (supraenergetic) and 33% (isoenergetic). The dry matter of the control diet was 50% concentrate. Isoenergetic high fat diets contained more fiber than control or supraenergetic high fat diets. Change of body weight and intake of feed dry matter were not different among feed groups. Milk and 4% fat-corrected milk production were less when high tallow was fed. Milk fat percent was lowest on the high concentrate diet, intermediate with high grain-high fat feeding, and normal with high fat isoenergetic rations. Multiple regression analysis of digestibility data showed that fat did not influence diet digestibility negatively and that calcium positively influenced digestibility of all diet components. PMID- 7372905 TI - Feeding behavior of lactating dairy cows as measured by time-lapse photography. AB - Evaluation of feeding behavior of ad libitum-fed lactating dairy cows by time lapse photography revealed 68% of the total feeding activity occurred between the daylight hours of 0600 and 1800. Cows consumed an average of 12.1 meals/day, each 20.9 min in duration. Only 58% of the total defined meal time actually was spent eating, or 253.6 min/cow per day. Estimated meal size and rate of eating, as well as total daily time spent eating, were greater for cows as compared to animals with lower energy demand. Certain feeding characteristics, such as meal frequency and duration, were variable among animals, suggesting that these behaviors may be characteristics of individual cows. Results by time-lapse photography compared well with direct measurement by weigh-cell apparatus. PMID- 7372906 TI - Abomasum emptying in dairy calves fed milk replacers with varying fat and sources of protein. AB - Young Holstein male calves fitted with reentrant duodenal fistulae were in two 3 x 3 Latin square experiments. In the first experiment the calves were fed milk replacers containing either 5%, 15%, or 25% lard. Total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, and fat left the abomasum more slowly for the 5% fat milk replacer than for the other two milk replacers. In the second experiment, the calves were fed milk replacers containing either whey proteins, whey, and fish proteins (50:50), or whey and soybean proteins (50:50). Dry matter, total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, and nonprotein nitrogen left the abomasum more slowly for the milk replacer containing whey and soybean proteins than for the other two milk replacers. In both experiments, milk replacers did not differ in rates of passage of fresh matter, reducing substances, ash, gastric secretion of hydrochloric acid, gastric proteolysis, and diarrhea. In Experiment 1, milk replacers did not differ in rates of passage of dry matter and nonprotein nitrogen. In Experiment 2, milk replacers did not differ in rate of passage of fat. Circadian rhythm had no influence. PMID- 7372908 TI - Radioimmunoassay technique for measuring cortisol in milk. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay procedure for measurement of cortisol has been developed for use in whole or skim milk. Cortisol concentrations were similar in whole and skim milk indicating that this steroid is not associated with milk lipids. Because of this relationship, the use of skim milk provides a faster and much simplified approach to the study of cortisol in milk. Mean and standard errors of cortisol concentrations in skim milk samples collected at 2400 and 1200 h from seven cows for 1 wk were .71 +/- .05 and .69 +/- .07 ng/ml. Cortisol in colostrum averaged 1.59 +/- .07 ng/ml. PMID- 7372907 TI - Maximum safe dietary magnesium and effects of high dietary magnesium on zinc metabolism in Holstein calves. AB - Fifteen male Holstein calves were fed diets containing .25 (control), .7, or 1.15% magnesium (from supplemental magnesium oxide) for 28 days. Feed consumption and growth rate were not affected adversely by .7% magnesium but were depressed with 1.15% magnesium. Fecal dry matter percentage was reduced slightly with .7% magnesium and substantially decreased with 1.15% magnesium. However, feces from calves fed .7% magnesium were more fluid in consistency. Urinary and fecal magnesium content increased in calves fed .7 and 1.15% magnesium, with changes closely related to dietary magnesium. Magnesium in plasma increased slightly with .7% magnesium and materially with 1.15%. Magnesium in liver, kidney, and heart was not affected by diets. Apparently calves can tolerate safely .7% magnesium, but 1.15% is detrimental. On day 21 of treatment, all calves received zinc-65 orally and were killed 7 days later. Calves fed .7 and 1.15% magnesium excreted less zinc-65 and retained more, especially in liver and large intestine. Liver and kidney of calves receiving higher percents magnesium had elevated stable zinc. Calcium and copper in tissue were not elevated. The effect of high dietary magnesium on zinc metabolism appears to be systemic in tissues. PMID- 7372909 TI - Stocking density effect on weight gain of yearling Holstein heifers in freestall and loose housing. AB - Stocking densities of replacement yearling Holstein heifers were studied under freestall conditions (1.0, .71, and .63 freestall/head) and loose housing conditions (4.5, 3.2, and 2.8 m2/head under roof) in two 180-day growth trials. Heifers gained .69, .69, and .66 kg/day under freestall conditions and .63, .56, and .71 kg/day under loose housing conditions for the stocking densities. Stocking densities of replacement herd heifers may be increased to .63 freestall/head under freestall conditions or to 2.8 m2/head under loose housing conditions without expanding existing facilities. PMID- 7372910 TI - Computerized feeding management systems for economic decision-making. AB - Linear programming has been useful in the formulation of feeding guidelines for lactating cows. The most economical rations can be fed. Newer feeding management systems are being developed as new nutritional findings permit greater refinement. This report describes the use of computerized feeding management systems in helping dairy farmers make sound economic decisions. Such procedures are useful to the feed industry, dairy consultants, and in development of extension education programs. PMID- 7372911 TI - Control of cattle grubs with dichlorvos-impregnated strips attached to legs of cattle. PMID- 7372912 TI - Teaching decoding with an emphasis on phoneme analysis and phoneme blending. PMID- 7372913 TI - Human abilities revealed through auditory tests. PMID- 7372914 TI - Transition rooms: promoting maturation or reducing education? PMID- 7372915 TI - Reading difficulties, behavior, and social status. PMID- 7372916 TI - Response properties of spiral ganglion neurons in cochleas damaged by direct mechanical trauma. AB - Electrical activity of single neurons in the spiral ganglion of the guinea pig cochlea was correlated with receptor hair cell damage produced by local mechanical lesions of the organ of Corti. Damage to or loss of hair cells was assessed using scanning electronmicroscopy. Principal finds were (1) neurons emanating from damaged regions showed changes in their tuning curves such as loss of sensitivity, broadening of tuning curves; (2) in some cases, the loss of sharp tuning tip resulted in an apparent shift of the tuning curve to lower frequencies; and (3) apparently pure outer hair cell lesions, of limited spatial extent, could result in the same effects as mixed inner and outer hair cell lesions. PMID- 7372917 TI - Detection of temporally uncertain signals. AB - The effects of signal uncertainty on detection performance were measured using a new procedure that allows precise specification of the initial temporal uncertainty. Five different models of the detection process, two assuming a continous representation of the sensory input and three assuming a discrete representation, were compared with the obtained data. The effects of varying signal uncertainty (the number of potential signal intervals was one, five, or ten) had little effect on detection performance. The one-parameter form of the choice model can be rejected without hesitation. The continuous Gaussian model and the symmetric two-state model are significantly different from the data. The high threshold and sophisticated two-state models provide accurate descriptions of the data that cannot be rejected on statistical grounds. PMID- 7372918 TI - Pitch of amplitude-modulated low-pass noise and predictions by temporal and spectral theories. AB - Pitch phenomena related to the periodic interruption rate of white noise have traditionally been regarded as evidence for time domain pitch processing in the auditory system since spectra of these signals are flat. Short-term spectra, however, contain information about the interruption rate. Melodic interval identification experiments were performed with sounds comprising low-pass filtered noise modulated by either a sine wave, a square wave, or a periodic narrow pulse wave. Melodic intervals were generated by varying the modulation frequency fm while the low-pass cutoff frequency fco of the noise was an experimental variable. The correct identification score shows a particular dependence on the ratio fco/fm for each type of modulation signal. Shapes and relative positions of performance functions are compared with predictions derived from an energy detector (time domain) model and a short-term power spectrum correlation (frequency domain) model, and are found to support the former more strongly than the latter. There is some evidence, however, for the existence of both types of processing in the auditory system. PMID- 7372919 TI - Segmenting speech into words. AB - Four experiments employed a listening for mispronuciations task to determine how listeners perceive an ordered series of words from a continuous, phonetically ambiguous stimulus. In experiments 1,2, and 3, listeners' reaction times to detect mispronuciations were obtained in phonological sequences that could be perceived as either one or two words (e.g., "cargo" or "car go" mispronounced "carko"). In experiment 1, segmentation of the acoustic signal as one or two words was guided by the theme of a short story. For example, the sentence "They saw the carko on the ferry" was spliced into two stories--one about a shipment of cargo, and one about a car about to go on a ferryboat. The results showed significantly faster reaction times--by about 300 ms--when the mispronunciation was perceived as occurring in the second syllable of a word. In experiment 2, alternate segmentation of the same acoustic signal were constrained by the grammatical nature of the first few words in a sentence. Subjects were presented with sentences such as "The doctor said that nosetrops will help the cold" or "the doctor said he knows trops will help the cold." By means of tape splicing, the final portions of the two sentences in each pair were acoustically identical. Reaction times were again found to be faster--by about 150 ms--when the mispronunciation was perceived as occuring in the second or third syllable of a word, rather than at the beginning of a word. Experiment 3 replicated these results using naturally recorded sentences having normal prosody. The results of experiments 1-3 demonstrated that prior context determines how syllables are recognized as words and that a mispronounced second syllable is detected faster than a mispronounced word-initial syllable. It was argued that mispronunciations are detected more quickly in second syllables because the intended word has been accessed from its first syllable. This hypothesis was further supported in experiment 4. When subjects read each sentence before hearing it, so that all syllables were equally (and perfectly) predictable, mispronunications were detected equally fast in first and second syllables. PMID- 7372921 TI - Categorical features in speech perception and production. AB - Multidimensional scaling analyses of three types of English consonant confusions are reported: consonant substitutions in spontaneous speech errors, CV perceptural confusions, and VC perceptual confusions. Two data sets of each type are analyzed to assess reliability. Three reliable dimensions emerge in all data sets, corresponding to voicing, stop/fricative, and place of articulation. Representation of consonants in terms of categorical phonological features exhaustively describes what is common to the configurations of different data types, even though there is reliable detail within each data type that is not captured by categorical features. Such features can be viewed as groupings of speech sounds common to various perception and production processes. PMID- 7372920 TI - Distribution of acoustic cues for stop consonant place of articulation in VCV syllables. AB - Most theoretical accounts of the identification of stop consonant place of articulation have focused on how bursts and formant transitions conspire to signal place in CV syllables. In the present series of experiments we have examined the identification of place in VCV syllables and have found that not only do the burst and opening transitions affect the judgement of place, but so also do the closing transitions and the duration of the closure interval. This outcome is consistent with the outcomes of many other experiments in showing that there are multiple acoustic events which bear on the identification of a given phone and that those acoustic events are distributed over time. Theoretical accounts of place identification based on data of this kind may prove viable than theories based on data from the identification of place in the absolute, syllable initial position. PMID- 7372922 TI - Speech-production measures of speech perception: rapid shadowing of VCV syllables. AB - Five listeners rapidly repeated ("shadowed") a random presentation of the vowel consonant vowels (VCV's)/aba, apa, ama, aka, aga/. Initial vowel duration was varied to eliminate it as a temporal cue to the occurrence of the consonant. These shadowing, choice reaction times (RT's) were compared to simple RT's obtained when listeners always produced /aba/ or /ba/ to the same syllables. Both /aba/ and shadowing reactions were extremely fast (170 to 240 ms). Latency differences between the two tasks were attributable to differences in the point at which cues sufficient for responding were present. These results suggest that speech-perception decisions in shadowing are directly available to, and are perhaps made to occur at a point comparable to the consonantal release seen for the simple /aba/ responses. This result suggests that the motor organization required for a /ba/ response includes an implicit time interval appropriate for a consonantal closure. PMID- 7372925 TI - Cochlear mechanics: nonlinear behavior in two-tone responses as reflected in cochlear-nerve-fiber responses and in ear-canal sound pressure. PMID- 7372923 TI - Influence of auditory fatigue on masked speech intelligibility. AB - Intelligibility of PB word lists embedded in simultaneous masking noise was evaluated before and after fatiguing-noise exposure. Intelligibility was determined by observing the number of words correctly repeated during a shadowing task. Both the speech signal and the masking noise were filtered to a 2825-3185 Hz band. Masking-noise levels were varied from 0- 90-dB SL. Fatique was produced by a 1500-3000-Hz octave band of noise at 115 dB (re 20 muPa) presented continuously for 5 min. The results of three experiments indicated that speech intelligibility was reduced when the speech was presented against a background of silence but that the fatiguing-noise exposure had no effect on intelligibility when the speech was made more intense and embedded in masking noise of 40-90-dB SL. These observations are interpreted by considering the recruitment produced by fatique and masking noise. PMID- 7372924 TI - Five decades of research on cochlear mechanics. AB - A review of Bekesy's experiments on postmortem preparations shows the fundamental features of cochlear macromechanics. Early mathematical theory was able to explain Bekesy's observations in terms of the hydrodynamics of surface waves and to account for some experimental artifacts. More recent experiments in vivo have shown that the cochlear frequency analysis is sharper than observed by Bekesy and may occur in two interacting stages. It is suggested that the second stage may result in part from a resonance of hair-cell stereocilia loaded by the mass of the tectorial membrane, and it is calculated that the damping is small enough to allow such a resonance. The resonance would make the basilar membrane with the organ of Corti appear as a fourth- rather than a second-order system. PMID- 7372926 TI - Cochlear models: two-tone suppression and the second filter. AB - With advances in our understanding of the auditory periphery, models of cochlear mechanics have evolved from descriptions of existing data to the point that they can suggest meaningful observations that should be made and predict expected outcomes. As an example, we discuss relationships among mechanical nonlinearities in the inner ear, two-tone suppression, and the auditory "second filter." Electrophysiological two-tone suppression data indicate that excitatory tuning curves (stimulus intensity required to elicit a specified amount of activity in a primary fiber as a function of frequency) are more sharply tuned than suppressive tuning curves (stimulus intensity required to suppress the response to a continuous tone at the fiber's characteristic frequency by a specified amount as a function of frequency). Model simulations which attempt to account for the above difference suggest that there must be a stage of sharpening between the physical variable governing two-tone suppression (tentatively identified as velocity of the basilar membrane) and the physical variable governing neural excitation. An experiment that would unequivocally demonstrate the simultaneous existence of two representations of the stimulus with significantly different tuning properties in the cochlea is described. The future evolution of cochlear modeling, incorporating nonlinear two-dimensional models, is discussed. PMID- 7372927 TI - Sound-induced resistance changes in the inner ear. AB - A new technique for measuring sound-induced resistance changes (CR) in scala media in response to pure-tone stimuli by injecting alternating current into guinea-pig cochleas was reported recently [C.D. Geisler et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 61, 1557-1566 (1977)]. Detailed measurements with this technique indicate that while the CR behaves approximately as does the cochlear microphonic (CM) there can be very significant differences between the two variables under certain experimental conditions. Computer analysis of simultaneously recorded CR voltage components and CM indicates that the CR harmonics, in both amplitude and phase, behaved differently with sound intensity and with asphyxia than did the CM harmonies (A.E. Hubbard et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am 66, 431-445 (1979)]. Direct current injection and stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle (COCB) indicate further differences between CM and CR (D.C. Mountain, Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1978). Positive dc caused a relative augmentation of CM that grew with sound intensity, and a relative reduction in CR magnitude that decreased with intensity. Negative dc caused effects of similar magnitude but opposite sign. COCB stimulation caused enhancement of both CM and CR. Present models cannot account quantitatively for these results. PMID- 7372929 TI - Just-noticeable differences of frequency for masked tones. AB - Frequency discrimination was measured as a function of level for tones of 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz. The tones were masked by a wide-band noise whose level was set to maintain constant E/No. Frequency discrimination was found to improve with level for tones of 500 and 1000 Hz while it grew worse for tones of 3000 and 4000 Hz. The data for 500 and 1000 Hz are accounted for by the periodicity-type neural timing model of Green and Luce ["Counting and Timing Mechanisms in Auditory Discrimination and Reaction Time," in Contemporary Developments in Mathematical Psychology, edited by D. H. Krantz, R. C. Atkinson, R. D. Luce, and P. Suppres (Freeman, San Francisco, 1974). Vol. 2]. The data for 3000 and 4000 Hz are explained by the modified energy detection model of Henning [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 42, 1325-1334 (1967b)]. PMID- 7372928 TI - Basilar-membrane motion in the alligator lizard: its relation to tonotopic organization and frequency selectivity. AB - In the alligator lizard the entire basilar membrane is accessible for measurements of its velocity by the Mossbauer method. Tests of the method indicate (1) the Mossbauer source can be placed on the basilar membrane without altering the signal-transmission properties of the cochlea, and (2) the source adheres to the basilar membrane. Isovelocity curves (IVCs) were constructed by plotting (as a function of tone frequency) the sound-pressure level at the tympanic membrane required to produce a specified velocity amplitude. IVCs from 21 lizards for source locations spanning the length of the basilar membrane indicate that basilar-membrane velocity does not vary systematically with longitudinal location as it does in mammalian cochleas. Measurements of velocity waveforms in two lizards do not indicate substantial nonlinearity in the inner ear mechanical system. The frequency dependence of the basilar-membrane velocity is similar to that of the extrastapes velocity over the range 0.4 to 2 kHz. Thus, the tonotopic organization and frequency selectivity, which have been previously demonstrated in this species in responses of both auditory-nerve fibers and cells of the receptor organ, are apparently not primarily determined by basilar membrane motion. PMID- 7372930 TI - Psychophysical two-tone suppression as a function of input level for f2/f1 greater than 1.0. AB - Psychophysical two-tone suppression was measured in three normal-hearing young adults using the pulsation-threshold technique. The primary objective was to study the effect of L1 on psychophysical two-tone suppression for f2/f1 greater than 1.0. Measurements were obtained at low and mid frequencies and for input levels ranging from 40 through 85 dB SPL. For f1 = 1000 or 2000 Hz, suppression increased initially with L1 and then decreased for L1 greater than or equal to 55 to 70 dB SPL. For f1 = 500 Hz, however, suppression increased monotonically throughout the range of L1 values examined. These findings are explained by assuming that for f1 greater than or equal to 1000 Hz the nonlinear mechanism responsible for two-tone suppression is very susceptible to reversible dysfunction produced by the presentation of high-intensity stimuli. PMID- 7372932 TI - Evaluation of vowel duration as a cue for the voicing distinction in the following word-final consonant. AB - Previous measurements have indicated that vowels before voiced and voiceless consonants exhibit a systematic duration difference, the former being longer approximately by a 3:2 ratio than the latter. Experiments with synthetic speech have shown that vowel duration is an important cue for the voicing distinction of the following consonant in word-final position. In the present paper the role of this cue is evaluated for natural speech, which may also contain secondary cues for maintaining this distinction. The stimuli, spoken by a female speaker, were 24 English monosyllabic words ending with voiced stops, fricatives, and consonant clusters after intrinsically long and intrinsically short vowels. Duration of the vowel nucleus was systematically reduced using a digital gating technique. Recognition rates as a function of vowel duration were obtained. Category change takes place mainly for intrinsically long vowels and for high vowels in combination with final fricatives alone or in consonant clusters. In other cases, category change cannot be established even after the vowel duration is reduced to only 30% of its original duration. In particular, the presence of a long voice bar for a final voiced stop will make shortening of the vowel perceptually less effective. A multiple regression analysis of the experimental data indicates that in natural speech not only vowel duration, but also voice bar duration, duration of silent closure preceding the final release transient, and duration of the release burst or frication noise, depending on the consonant type, vary in weight as cues for voicing under different vowel- and consonant-type conditions. PMID- 7372933 TI - Dichotic and monotic masking of CV's by CV second formants with different transition starting values. AB - Listeners were asked to identify ambiguous and unambiguous stop-vowel targets placed in monotic and dichotic competition with second formants (bleats) from voiced consonant-vowel (CV) syllables lying along a place-of-articulation continuum. Target performance varied with bleat-continuum position as well as bleat intensities. In cases where target errors occurred, either dichotically or monotically, they reflected predominantly the place cue of the bleat. This result, like that of previous studies, suggests the dominance of target or bleat reflects the relative "salience" of the two signals' cues. Differences were seen between monotic and dichotic conditions in the rate of change in performance with bleat intensity and continuum position. The rate of monotic performance change was a more precipitous (higher slope) function of these variables than was dichotic performance. This difference was interpreted as suggesting that monotic interference includes a peripheral masking component which is sensitive to the relative spectral energies of target and bleat. Dichotic effects, in contrast, seem to primarily reflect the operation of (central) processes which grant different perceptual weights to signals' cues depending on their intensity dependent saliences. The observation that ambiguity, per se, of the targets (or the CV's from which the bleats were extracted) played little role in predicting results, was interpreted as reflecting a primarily prephonetic (i.e., auditory) locus for both monotic and dichotic interactions. PMID- 7372931 TI - Psychophysical tuning curves for combination tones 2f1-f2 and f2-f1. AB - A simultaneous masking paradigm was employed to demonstrate that combination tones are "stimulus-like" in nature. Three musically sophisticated listeners adjusted the level of pure tones at various frequencies to just mask a pulsing signal corresponding to a tone at 1200 Hz and 20 dB SPL. The signal was produced by four stimulus conditions: (1) a pulsing tone at 1200 Hz; (2) a combination tone at 2f1-f2 = 1200 Hz produced by a continuous f1 at 1650 Hz and a pulsing f2 at 2100 Hz; (3) a control for condition 2 with a pulsing tone at 1200 Hz and a continuous f1 at 1650 Hz; and (4) a combination tone at f2-f1 = 1200 Hz produced by a continuous f1 at 1900 Hz and a pulsing f2 at 3100 Hz. Across subjects and stimulus conditions the shapes of the tuning curves were similar; whether for an externally presented single tone or a combination tone, minimum masker level (which corresponds to the tuning-curve "tip," the frequency at which masking is most effective) was always at frequencies near 1200 Hz. These findings are consistent with previous psychophysical as well as recent physiological evidence which indicates that, regardless of how generated, each of the combination tones 2f1-f2 and f2-f1 is present in the motion of the basilar membrane in the cochlear region around the characteristic place of the combination-tone frequency. PMID- 7372934 TI - Long-time spectral and intensity characteristics of esophageal speech. AB - Long-time spectral characteristics and distributional properties of speech intensity produced by esophageal speakers were measured and compared with those of normal speakers. Substantial differences were observed in the distributional properties of speech intensity produced by normal and esophageal talkers. On the average, esophageal speech was about 10 dB less intense than normal speech. In addition, the average long-time spectrum for esophageal speech was characterized by a flattened spectral envelope. Other spectral differences between esophageal and normal speech were found and interpreted in terms of the known variations in voice and speech production of these two divergent forms of oral communication. PMID- 7372936 TI - Effects of ultrasound on catalase and malate dehydrogenase. AB - Catalase and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were subjected to the sound field produced by a transversely oscillating wire driven at 20 kHz. Catalase was not inactivated under any conditions of sonication whereas MDH inactivation increased exponentially with the duration of sonication and depended upon the initial enzyme concentration. The inactivation was not the result of collapse cavitation or thermal inactivation and was probably related to the presence of acoustic microstreaming. PMID- 7372935 TI - Increasing the intelligibility of sung vowels. AB - The intelligibility of the front vowels (/i/, /I/, /epsilon/, and /ae/) was investigated as sung in four different ways: (1) operatic, (2) in consonant-vowel consonant (CVC) context, (3) with a raised larynx, and (4) with both raised larynx and in CVC context. Al syllables were sung by a trained soprano at F4, A4, C sharp 5, F5, A5, and C sharp 6. Ten subjects listened and identified randomized sets of ten tokens of each vowel per condition (method of articulation) at each note. Results showed that, from C sharp 5 (nominal 554 Hz) to F5 (698 Hz), the intelligibility of operatic vowels (condition 1) fell from 56% to 16%. The mean intelligibility of the vowels at the three highest notes (F5, A5, C sharp 6) was 10% for condition 1, 64% for condition 2, 62% for condition 3, and 83% for condition 4. Results indicate that increased intelligibility across conditions is a function of increased energy in the higher harmonics and presence of consonantal transitions. The generally accepted notion that vowel sounds are largely unintelligible on higher notes pertains only to a restricted manner of production. PMID- 7372938 TI - The threshold for binaural interaction. AB - The absolute sensitivity of the binaural auditory system was studied by asking subjects to discriminate tones that were truly monaural from dichotic tones that sounded monaural because of an extremely large interaural difference of intensity. Thresholds for this discrimination across the range of frequencies from 250 to 4000 Hz were achieved when the tones in the weaker channel were in the region from -45 to -50 dB relative to tones in the stronger channel. Since the monaural reference tones, as well as the stronger signals in the dichotic conditions, were chosen to be 61 dB sensation level (SL), the weakest levels for which binaural interaction could be measured appear to have been on the order of 10 to 15 dB SL. PMID- 7372937 TI - Some observations on simultaneous and nonsimultaneous masking. AB - The interactions between phase, signal level, and interstimulus interval (delta t) were examined in the transition region between simultaneous and nonsimultaneous masking. Phase effects as large as 22 dB were observed in forward masking. These trends can be explained by considering the effects of phase upon the stimulus envelope. PMID- 7372939 TI - A cineradiographic study of chin marker positioning: implications for the strain gauge transduction of jaw movement. AB - Three normal adult subjects were filmed using lateral-view, high-speed cineradiography to measure the amount of movement of external skin points on the jaw relative to the underlying jaw bone. Metal markers were secured to the skin to simulate cantilever beam attachment points commonly utilized in the strain gauge transduction of jaw movements. Standard deviations of chin marker movement relative to the jaw ranged from 0.52 to 1.28 mm in an anterior-posterior direction and 0.67 to 2.31 mm in a superior-inferior direction. Lower lip and chin marker positions were highly correlated in the superior-inferior direction. Chin marker positions tended to be more superior and, in one subject, more anterior for labial than for nonlabial different contexts. The degree of variability was not systematically different for the two different contexts. PMID- 7372940 TI - Effects of increased vertical dimension on size of constriction port and fricative sound intelligibility. AB - The effect of increased vertical bite dimension on fricative sound productions was studied in five adults who wore dentures. Oral port size and sound intelligibility were evaluated at different degrees of artificially induced open bite. The data demonstrate that rapid compensatory adjustments occurred and oral port size changed minimally at all degrees of opening tested. However, in three of the subjects, sound intelligibility declined at the 6-mm opening, and in all subjects, a four-fold increase in sound distortions occurred in the edentulous state. This finding suggests the possibility that either physiological parameters are controlled more successfully than acoustical parameters or that compensatory efforts to maintain constrictor size may, under certain circumstances, adversely affect sound intelligibility. PMID- 7372941 TI - Diffuse lung uptake of Tc-99m-sulfur colloid. PMID- 7372942 TI - Visual discrimination deficits of reading-disabled children: sex artifact? AB - Several theorists have suggested that deficits in visual discrimination play an etiological role in the development of reading deficits in children who are diagnosed as learning-disabled. Supporting this theory, a number of studies have shown that disabled readers make more errors on visual discrimination tasks than do good readers. The present study, however, suggests that those findings may have been due to a sex-difference artifact. Thirty-six 8- and 9-year-old good readers and reading-disabled children of both sexes responded to 40 matching items under untimed conditions. Males made more errors than females, but overall, reading-disabled children made no more errors than good readers. These findings, along with a reanalysis of previous studies, suggest that because reading disabilities are more common in males, evidence construed as supporting a visual discrimination hypothesis may have been an artifact of a sex difference in studies in which sex was not controlled. PMID- 7372943 TI - Visual and auditory selective attention and reflection-impulsivity in normal and learning-disabled boys at two age levels. AB - Selective attention to visual and auditory stimuli and reflection-impulsivity were studied in normal and learning-disabled 8- and 12-year-old boys. Multivariate analyses, followed by univariate and paired-comparison tests, indicated that the normal children increased in selective attention efficiency with age to both visual and auditory stimuli. Learning-disabled children increased in selective attention efficiency with age to auditory, but not to visual, stimuli. Both groups increased with age in reflection as measured by Kagan's Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFF). The 8-year-old learning-disabled children were more impulsive than the 8-year-old normals on MFF error scores, but not on MFF latency scores. No difference occurred between the 12-year-old learning-disabled and normal children on either MFF error or MFF latency scores. Correlations between the selective attention scores and MFF error and latency scores were not significant. PMID- 7372944 TI - Relating infant temperament to learning disabilities. AB - The role of infant temperament in the development of learning disabilities was at issue. As infants, boys with severe learning disabilities were found to be (1) lower in activity level, (2) more irregular, (3) less approaching, and (4) more negative in mood than "normal" boys. Discussion centered around conceptualizing learning disabilities as the outcome of a developmental process. Thus patterns of early parent-infant interaction are established, based in part upon the infant's temperament, that may evolve into a learning disability. PMID- 7372946 TI - Proposed markers in learning disabilities research. PMID- 7372945 TI - The effect of reinforcement and verbal rehearsal on selective attention in learning-disabled children. AB - A central-incidental task of selective attention was administered to 100 learning disabled boys--48 younger children (8 1/2-10 1/2 years) and 52 older children (10 1/2-12 1/2 years). Subjects at both age levels were assigned to one of four conditions: (a) a standard condition; (b) a rehearsal condition, in which subjects were taught a verbal rehearsal strategy; (c) a reinforcement condition, in which correct responses were rewarded; and (d) a combined rehearsal reinforcement condition. Older subjects recalled more central task but not more incidental task information than younger subjects. A measure of selective attention efficiency was also greater for older than for younger subjects. Central recall in the rehearsal-reinforcement condition was greater than in any other condition. Central recall was greater in the rehearsal condition than in the standard and reinforcement conditions. Selective attention efficiency was greater for both rehearsal conditions than for both nonrehearsal conditions. Incidental recall was higher for reinforcement subjects than for rehearsal subjects. Results suggest that induced verbal rehearsal improves central recall and selective attention in learning-disabled children. Reinforcement alone does not improve central recall but may when paired with rehearsal. PMID- 7372947 TI - The prevalence of learning disabilities in a sample of children considered hyperactive. PMID- 7372949 TI - Cognitive education for learning-disabled adolescents. PMID- 7372948 TI - Toward operationalizing a psychoeducational definition of learning disabilities. AB - An operational definition of "learning disabilities" is presented from the standpoint that classificatory psychoeducational definitions must ultimately relate to educational processes. Thus the condition should be described in terms of abilities crucial to educational achievement, and noneducational criteria should not be employed. It is pointed out that the most generally accepted current definition--which identifies children as "learning-disabled" on the basis of behavioral criteria, while excluding others because of etiological and other nonbehavioral factors--overlooks functional similarities among such groups as educable mentally retarded and and emotionally disturbed children. These similarities warrant the inclusion under the rubric of "learning-disabled" of some children who may also be grouped within other diagnostic categories. Consequently, the profferred definition is based on a primary concern with day-to day learning and management issues. Concepts subtended by the definition are operationally defined, and its relationship to programming is discussed. PMID- 7372951 TI - Conceptual development in learning-disabled and normal boys. AB - In two related studies, a pictorial sorting task served as the means of measuring conceptual development in LD and normal boys. The studies found no differences in the bases on which groups were formed (perceptible attributes, function, or nominal class membership) or in the manner in which groups were structured (thematically, in complexive groups or superordinate groups). Furthermore, parallel developmental trends were found in both LD and normal subjects groups. These findings are not consistent with early studies of concept formation in brain-damaged subjects, most of whom were retarded. Subjects in the present studies were selected on the basis of clinical diagnosis of LD and average IQ. The findings of the present studies suggest that generalizations about conceptual abilities of LD children of normal intelligence should not be based on early studies of the effects of brain damage. PMID- 7372950 TI - Patterns of intellectual ability in children with verbal deficits. AB - Patterns of intellectual ability were examined in 81 children with verbal deficits identified by a Low Verbal/High Performance WISC profile. The results of verbal and nonverbal tests of intellectual functioning were factor-analyzed, and three groups of children were defined based on patterns of factor scores. Group 1 consisted of children with a Specific Language Disability (SLD) but good Abstract Reasoning ability, while Group 2 included SLD children with good Sequencing Memory skills. Group 3 children displayed a General Language Disability (GLD) with deficits in both abstract reasoning and sequencing memory. The intellectual patterns were related to cognitive interpretations and found to have educational implications, with Group 1 children reading adequately, Group 2 children showing somewhat poorer reading skills, and Group 3 children reading very poorly. These findings emphasize the importance of identifying subgroups of children with verbal deficits and demonstrate the feasibility of extracting relatively specific cognitive information from global measures of intelligence. The results question the appropriateness of applying traditional assumptions regarding cognitive organization derived from studies of normal children to atypical groups of children. PMID- 7372952 TI - Behavioral comparisons of hyperactive and normally active children in natural settings. AB - Matched pairs of hyperactive and normally active children were observed in six natural classroom settings and a number of specific behaviors continuously recorded. Both groups of children showed differences in behavior as a function of settings (selected to vary in amount of external stimulation and structure), but only certain settings differentiated hyperactive from control children. Hyperactive children displayed significantly more noise-vocalization and more disruptive and off-task behavior in the most frequently observed (low stimulation) classroom settings (e.g., seat work). Type of off-task behavior (out of-seat or visually off-task) depended upon amount of classroom structure (i.e., teacher- vs. self-directed). Results were discussed in terms of their implications for identification and treatment of hyperactive children through the modification of the antecedent conditions of stimulation and structure. PMID- 7372953 TI - Utilization of intravenous dihydroxypropyl theophylline (dyphylline) in an aminophylline-sensitive patient, and its pharmacokinetic comparison with theophylline. AB - The pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of intravenously administered 7-(2,3 dihydroxypropyl) theophylline (dyphylline), were studied in a 37-yr-old asthmatic woman with ethylene diamine sensitivity who manifested intolerance to intravenous aminophylline on three separate occasions. In this subject, intravenously administered dyphylline was tolerated very well and was effective in the subsequent management of acute bronchospastic episodes. Dyphylline was significantly concentrated in the urine. This, coupled with its rapid clearance, suggests potential clinical application in patients with hepatic dysfunction. Though aminophylline sensitivity is rare, ethylene diamine sensitivity should be considered in untoward reactions to this drug. PMID- 7372954 TI - The effect of exercise on the granulocyte response to isoproterenol in the trained athlete and unconditioned individual. AB - Many factors will influence the tissue response to catecholamine stimulation. Isolated human granulocytes (PMNs) release the lysosomal enzyme beta glucuronidase following incubation with complement-activated zymosan particles. Isoproterenol, histamine, and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) inhibit this PMN release of beta-glucuronidase. The effect of exercise on this in vitro granulocyte response was studied in two groups: highly conditioned marathon runners (n = 6) and unconditioned subjects (n = 7). A 13-km run did not produce leukocytosis in the highly conditioned marathon runners and the granulocyte response to isoproterenol was unchanged in cells obtained immediately following the run. In contrast, the seven unconditioned subjects exercised to a maximal response on the treadmill. Following exercise there was an increase in plasma catecholamines, a significant leukocytosis, and granulocytes from the immediate postexercise period responded less well to isoproterenol. PMID- 7372955 TI - A study of lung lavage materials in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis: in vitro response to mitogen and antigen in pigeon breeders' disease. PMID- 7372956 TI - Skin histamine in chronic urticaria. PMID- 7372958 TI - Cost of testing and treating with Hymenoptera venom extracts. PMID- 7372959 TI - Anaphylactic reactions in skin test-negative patients. PMID- 7372957 TI - Respiratory allergy to ragweed: correlation of bronchial responses to allergen with bronchial responses to histamine and circulating immunoglobulin E. PMID- 7372960 TI - Allergy and immunology Self-Assessment Program 1980. PMID- 7372961 TI - Immunogenetics of atopic diseases. PMID- 7372962 TI - Skin reactivity to purified pollen allergens in highly ragweed-sensitive individuals. AB - Five hundred twenty-five atopic patients were skin tested over a 12-mo period to several crude allergens with a puncture skin-testing technique utilizing a bifurcated needle originally developed for smallpox immunization. Of these, 122 were highly allergic to short ragweed pollen and were subsequently tested with a series of purified grass and ragweed allergens. Data of their reactivity to these allergens is presented, and the phenomenon that each patient has a unique "allergic fingerprint" to purified pollen allergens is shown. The puncture technique showed good correlation with quantitative intradermal skin titration and offered a definite advantage, because many allergens could be rapidly and accurately assayed with good patient compliance. PMID- 7372963 TI - Efficacy and specificity of immunotherapy with laboratory animal allergen extracts. AB - The clinical and immunologic response to immunotherapy with laboratory animal allergens was evaluated. There were 23 patients; 11 had received immunotherapy with 12 different extracts (five mouse, six rat, one rabbit), and 12 were matched untreated patients. As a group, nine of 23 had seasonal hay fever. Among the treated patients nine of 11 subjectively improved with immunotherapy. Blocking antibody titers were determined by serum inhibition of allergen-induced histamine release. Treated patients had mean blocking antibody levels of G30 = 59.3 +/- 38.7. In the untreated patients the antibody level was low (G30 = 4.6 +/- 3.6). The difference between the two groups was highly significant (t test p less than 0.001). The blocking antibody level correlates with both the final weekly allergen dose and also the cumulative allergen dose received during immunotherapy. When pretreatment sera were available a temporal rise in blocking antibody was demonstrated during immunotherapy. In patients allergic to several laboratory animals and treated with one allergen, the blocking antibody response was predominantly specific to the allergen used in immunotherapy. This indicates a lack of cross-reactivity in the IgG response to the major animal allergens. When immunotherapy was discontinued in four patients there was a dramatic decrease in the blocking titer, and after 24 mo the levels were the same as those of untreated patients. PMID- 7372964 TI - Comparison of cord blood immunoglobulin E concentrations and maternal allergy for the prediction of atopic diseases in infancy. AB - Total serum IgE levels were determined in 136 newborns and their mothers and in 54 of their fathers, using the paper radioimmunosorbent test (PRIST) technique. IgE specific antibodies for house dust (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), orchard grass, timothy grass, and cow's milk were measured with the radioallergosorbent test (RAST). One hundred thirty-three RAST assays were negative in newborns, and in three cases RAST for cow's milk was positive. Cord blood IgE ranged from 0 to 5.5 IU/ml (mean 0.32 +/- 0.54 IU/ml); levels were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher when maternal IgE was over 100 IU/ml and when mothers had received progesterone therapy during the pregnancy. Salbutamol administration or tobacco smoking during pregnancy did not influence newborn IgE. A clinical follow-up study was conducted in 83 infants for 9 mo. Nine infants developed definite atopic disease, and possible allergic diseases were noted in eight other infants. The IgE level at birth appeared to be more predictive for the development of allergy in infancy than the family history. PMID- 7372966 TI - Acute laryngeal hemorrhage with laryngeal obstruction initially confused with penicillin anaphylaxis. AB - A case of acute laryngeal obstruction was considered to be penicillin anaphylaxis because the onset followed penicillin administration. The laryngeal obstruction was found to be the result of laryngeal hemorrhage in a patient on chronic anticoagulant therapy. The hemorrhagic lesions appeared to be induced by coughing due to bronchitis for which the penicillin was given. PMID- 7372965 TI - Correlation of flunisolide plasma levels to eosinopenic response in humans. PMID- 7372967 TI - Venom immunotherapy. PMID- 7372968 TI - Estrogen therapy and breast cancer in postmenopausal women. AB - During the 6-year period 1972-77, 123 postmenopausal women with breast cancer either had the disease diagnosed at Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center or were referred there for therapy. Their ages ranged from 33 to 90 (mean, 56.6 years). Of these women 64.2 percent had never taken hormones, 25.2 percent were estrogen users, 4.9 percent were estrogen-progestogen users, 4.9 percent had a history of hormone usage, and 1 patient was using estrogen vaginal cream. In a subgroup of 27 clinic patients (1975-77 period) during 14,548 patient-years of observation, breast cancer was diagnosed for an overall incidence of 185.6:100,000 women per year. Among the 27 patients, the annual incidence of breast cancer was highest in the untreated group at 410.5:100,000 women. In comparison, the incidence in the estrogen users was 137.7:100,000 women-a significant difference (p less than 0.01). The incidence in estrogen-progestogen users was 155.6:100,000 compared with the incidence in the untreated patients; this difference was also statistically significant (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of breast cancer between the estrogen users (137.7:100,000) and the estrogen-progestogen users (155.6:100,000). These data indicate that estrogen therapy decreases the risk of breast cancer and that, unlike the situation with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, progestogens do not offer additional protection from breast carcinoma. PMID- 7372969 TI - Vitamin B12 status of elderly persons from urban low-income households. AB - Vitamin B12 status was evaluated in 111 noninstitutional elderly persons (age range, 60-87 years) living in an urban poverty area. The sample was predominantly black (90 subjects); the rest were Spanish Americans. Serum vitamin B12 levels were all normal (greater than 200 pg/ml) and ranged from 226 to 1200 pg/ml (mean +/- SD = 700 +/- 191 pg/ml). The findings indicate that vitamin B12 deficiency was not a problem in this elderly population. PMID- 7372972 TI - Third party vision care today - tomorrow. AB - Third party vision care and different delivery and payment methods are defined. How the delivery or payment affects what percentage of those covered will seek care is discussed. Also presented is a profile of the growth of vision care to the present, a projection of future growth and some of the ways providers will be affected. PMID- 7372970 TI - Osteochondritis dissecans of the hip: a rare disorder in the aged (case report). AB - Osteochondritis dessicans of the hip is rare in comparison with occurrence of the disease in other joints. Only about 50 cases have been reported. The literature is reviewed, and a new case is presented. The patients was a 94-year-old Spanish American War Veteran who was unusally active and in good health until the onset of osteochondritis dissecans in the right hip (classic clinical and roentgenologic findings). Despite his advanced age and the severe arthritic changes, under conservative therapy he gradually regained a suprising degree of mobility in the affected hip. PMID- 7372971 TI - Persistent dislocation of the shoulder in elderly patients. AB - Four elderly patients with longstanding unrecognized dislocation of the shoulder were treated by physiotherapy only. Good functional results, associated with a greatly increased range of pain-free motion, demonstrate the usefulness of conservative treatment in cases of persistent dislocation of the shoulder in the elderly. PMID- 7372973 TI - Referral recommendations for binocular function and/or developmental perceptual deficiencies. AB - The complexity of the area of binocular function and perceptual development has resulted in the necessity of intraprofessional referrals. We have divided this specialty into systems. These include the accommodative, vergence, ocular motor, sensory and perceptual systems. In each system we have provided symptoms and clinical findings, which can be utilized for tentative diagnostic purposes. It is incumbent on those practitioners whose interests do not lie in this area to be sufficiently knowledgeable relative to both the patient's difficulty, and to the referral source who might best serve the patient's needs. PMID- 7372974 TI - Industrial safety glasses -- an update. AB - A review is presented of recent significant developments in industrial protective eyewear. Many of these developments apply to everyday practice. The new plastic protective, prescription, and plano lenses are discussed, and their merits presented. Needs for protection in the ultraviolet and near-infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum are described. It is shown that such spectral protection is now available in plastic lenses, but care must be taken to insure that the plastic has the required ultraviolet and near-infrared absorption. Eye protection standards have been improved. Specific changes in the standards are discussed. PMID- 7372975 TI - Temporal arteritis. AB - Temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis) is a systemic vasculitis which characteristically affects the older age group. It is of specific concern to the clinician in that a significant portion of those patients with the disease may develop, in the course of their illness, irreversible blindness in one or both eyes. The disease is usually preceded by clinically definable ocular and systemic symptoms which may allow an early diagnosis and with the appropriate treatment the abortion of certain of the adverse sequels. PMID- 7372976 TI - Some inflammations of the external eye and adnexa. AB - A selected review of "red eye" problems associated with the anterior segment is presented. Special attention is given to delineating similar diseases of the same tissue as ocular signs of the lid and sclera related to systemic disease are discussed. PMID- 7372977 TI - The commercialization of the contact lens. PMID- 7372978 TI - Future applications of pupillometry. PMID- 7372979 TI - Patient response to hydrogel contact lenses: a comparative study. AB - Eleven subject (22 eyes) wore the best fitting lenses of each of four different types of hydrogel contact lenses (Bausch and Lomb Soflens contact lenses, Hydrocurve HCII contact lenses, AOSOFT-TM/Aquaflex hydrophilic contact lenses, and Alcon Tresoft contact lenses) in a random order for 2-3 week periods so that their short-term responses to the lenses could be evaluated and compared. None of the subjects had any contraindications to hydrogel lens wear. All the lenses centered well with proper movement. Using a double masked procedures, we evaluated each patient's response to each lens type according to the standard of success of Sarver, Harris and Polse. Approximately 63% to 72% of the patients were successful with each lens type. We found no statistically significant differences in the patients' responses to the different lens types, even though individual differences were found. The majority of our subjects were successful with several or all of the lens types evaluated. PMID- 7372981 TI - The CSITM Crofilcon A, a membrane lens for aphakic extended wear. AB - The advent of aphakic extended wear lenses provides an important new alternative to the contact lens practitioner. This paper reports experiences with the CSI aphakic extended wear lens, a thin hydrogel lens designed according to a membrane concept. PMID- 7372980 TI - Overnight swelling of the living human cornea. AB - The overnight corneal swelling of nine subjects was measured with an electronic digital pachometer. Corneal thickness measurements were taken just before eye closure and after seven hours of sleep. Post-sleep recovery to original corneal thickness was followed. Results showed overnight corneal swelling to be about 4 1/2% with logarithmic recovery to baseline within the first hour after eye opening. Considerable variability in the magnitude of overnight swelling among human corneas was indicated. A review of current theories on the cause of overnight corneal swelling is also included. PMID- 7372983 TI - Dotting soft contact lenses. AB - The FDA disallows manufacturer ink dotting of hydrogels but permits practitioner utilization. A hard lens method works well with soft contacts. Sanford's Sharpie fine point marker No. 3000-C. Dot longevity varies with care. PMID- 7372982 TI - Extended wear of Hydrocurve II55 soft contact lenses. AB - Nine myopic subjects (eighteen eyes) were fit with Hydrocurve II55 soft lenses and completed an average of seven months of extended wear with comfort and no significant side effects. Significant changes included horizontal meridian subjective refraction (myopia increased 0.26 D), PEK horizontal central power (0.23 D steepening), and PEK horizontal shape factor (increased .10). Papillary hypertrophy increased in 14 of 18 eyes but no subject had a giant papillary response. Conjunctival sample showed an increase in cellular infiltrates. Corneal aesthesiometry showed a significant increase in sensitivity. A safe, effective regimen for extended wear with normal myopic eyes was developed. Fitting and follow-up recommendations were made. PMID- 7372984 TI - Soft lens base curve measurements. AB - This paper discusses the problem of verifying the base curves of soft lenses and describes a base curve measurement system which is both efficient and inexpensive. It also describes research studies using this base curve measurement system to compare lathe cut versus spin cast lenses, and to determine changes which take place in the base curves of soft lenses after cleaning and abuse. It was found that lathe cut lens base curves are not as accurate, when compared to the bottle label specified base curves, as are spin cast lenses. It was also found that spin cast lenses do not change base curve configuration as a result of cleaning and asepticizing but do change as a result of repeated dehydration and rehydration. PMID- 7372985 TI - Physiological response of the cornea to hydrogel lenses before and after cataract extraction. PMID- 7372986 TI - Corneal edema with polymethylmethacrylate versus gas-permeable rigid polymer contact lenses of identical design. AB - An evaluation was made of the incidence of corneal edema with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) contact lenses and Polycon (silafocon A) lenses of identical design. Edema occurred significantly more frequently with PMMA than with Polycon lenses. PMID- 7372987 TI - Ultra-thins: the case for continuous care. PMID- 7372988 TI - Results with the Bausch & Lomb Ultrathin U3 and U lenses as a problem solving clinical device. AB - The Bausch & Lomb U and U3 series lenses were used to refit patients who had problems with their previous hydrogel lenses. The lenses proved useful in solving problems of fit, adverse physiological response, vague symptomatology, and visual dissatisfaction. PMID- 7372990 TI - Soft contact lens bandage for Ramsay Hunt syndrome with facial palsy. AB - A patient under the primary care of a physician was referred to a military O.D. who subsequently referred the patient to the author as a consulting contact lens specialist. The patient exhibited the Ramsay Hunt Syndrome and was unable to blink or close her right eye. Patching had been attempted but was discontinued due to the neuralgia of the epidermal tissue of the lids. A hydrophilic contact lens was used to bandage the cornea. The patient was thereby able to maintain corneal integrity until the viral problem subsided and she regained her ability to function normally through the interdisciplinary cooperation of the eye care of professionals. PMID- 7372989 TI - Effects of long-term heat disinfection on Soflens (polymacon) contact lenses. AB - Soflens (polymacon) contact lenses were subjected to long-term heat disinfection in a carefully controlled laboratory study and in a patient clinical study. No adverse effects were observed on the physical or chemical properties of the lenses other than the deposition of some tear components in a portion of the patient-worn lenses. This was not unexpected since no enzyme or surfactant cleaners were used. PMID- 7372991 TI - Keratoelastoidosis (stucco keratosis). PMID- 7372992 TI - Writing a bioscience manuscript. PMID- 7372993 TI - Discrimination 1980 style. PMID- 7372994 TI - Footwear. PMID- 7372995 TI - Podiatry education. PMID- 7372996 TI - Treatment of adjuvant arthritis with nonsteroidal agents. A comparative study. PMID- 7372997 TI - Mini-dose heparin prophylaxis for high-risk patients in podiatric surgery. PMID- 7372999 TI - Electrodiagnosis of the tarsal tunnel syndrome. PMID- 7373000 TI - Foot disorders encountered in waitresses. A pilot study. PMID- 7373001 TI - Joplin's neuroma. PMID- 7372998 TI - Myofascial pain syndrome in the foot. PMID- 7373002 TI - [Diagnostic values of quantitative serological tests of the aqueous humor in ocular toxoplasmosis. A report on 180 cases (author's transl)]. AB - A simultaneous study of 180 recent samples of serum and aqueous humor, taken to study serological factors in cases of toxoplasmosis, demonstrated the production of intra-ocular antibodies in about 1 out of 2 cases (70 cases out of 145) of posterior uveitis. This confirms the value of calculating Witmer-Desmonts "C" coefficient for the diagnosis of the affection, as well as the careful evaluation of its different parameters; serum dye-test, and globulin levels in the aqueous humor nore particularly. PMID- 7373003 TI - [Platelet arachidonic acid and central retinal vein obstruction (author's transl)]. AB - Study of 25 cases of obstruction of the central retinal vein. In the 4 first days it is a low level of arachidonic acid of platelet membrane. This fall of level is the one anomaly of fatty acid from platelet and plasma. We have obtained no correlation between the level of platelet AA and age or lipids level of the blood. Study of platelet agregation was performed in only some cases and no conclusion is possible. PMID- 7373005 TI - [Coats' syndrome]. PMID- 7373004 TI - [The mechanism of inhibition of binocular vision in convergent strabismus (author's transl)]. AB - The mechanism of inhibition of binocular vision (at a cortical level in the Pavlovian sense) in convergent strabismus is described. The study concerns both those patients whith no amblyopia and those whose amblyopia has been cured. Part one of the article describe the clinical characteristics of this cortical inhibition as shown by the polarised light stereoscopic projector. Some basic concepts with this therapeutic application are described in part two. In this paper the author suggests a relationships between the severity of inhibition of binocularity and the degree of disturbance in spatial localisation. The greater the inhibition at a cortical level, the more disturbed is the localisation of objects in space in binocular vision. The treatment of inhibition must include precipitating causes that is to say the disturbed binocular relationships of abnormal retinal correspondence and is complete when cortical inhibition and abnormal retinal correspondence has been completely rectified. On the other hand there are occasions when it is not possible to eliminate abnormal retinal correspondence, this is especially true in older patients, and under this circumstances, it is better to accept inhibition of binocular function than to have diplopia. PMID- 7373006 TI - [Iridocorneal angle. Anatomic and gonioscopic study]. PMID- 7373007 TI - Autoantibodies in thyrotoxicosis: a quantitative study of their behavior in relation to the course and outcome of treatment. PMID- 7373008 TI - Response of insulin receptors to oral glucose in normal subjects. AB - Insulin binding to circulating monocytes was studied in ten male volunteers before and 1, 2, and 5 hours after the oral intake of 100 g of glucose. Results indicate an increase in the specific cell binding fraction with a change in receptor affinity 5 hours after glucose. Since the same changes appear 3 hours after food intake they are probably not directly induced by insulinemia. PMID- 7373009 TI - Effects of hormones on prolactin binding to normal mammary glands and pregnancy dependent mammary tumors in GR/A female mice near parturition. AB - Pregnancy-dependent mammary tumors in GR/A female mice are different from normal mammary glands in hormone responsiveness and prolactin binding near parturition. The binding was modified by several hormones. Thus, prolactin binding under the hormonal conditions favorable for the progression of tumors was compared between normal and neoplastic mammary glands. Slices of the glands were incubated in 1 ml Medium 199 containing 125I-labeled ovine prolactin and the radioactivity incorporated was counted as the index of binding. Prolactin binding to either normal or neoplastic glands on day 19 of pregnancy was low and not affected by ovariectomy on day 15, and by daily injections of progesterone alone or in combination with estradiol benzoate between days 14 and 19 of pregnancy. One day after parturition (litter was removed immediately after parturition), the binding to tumors was raised significantly, while, the binding to normal glands remained low. Injections of progesterone alone or in combination with human placental lactogen twice a day from 1 day before parturition induced little changes in the binding to either normal or neoplastic glands. These results suggest no alteration of mammary response for prolactin binding to exogenous hormones in the process of transformation of the glands from normal to neoplastic states, and low predictability of membrane prolactin receptors for tissue responsiveness to the hormone. PMID- 7373010 TI - Calcitonin serum levels in different pituitary diseases. A preliminary report. AB - The calcitonin (CT) concentration has been determined in the serum of 17 patients with different pituitary diseases. More or less elevated levels were found in 7 of them. No definite correlation has been observed between the immunoreactive CT and the different pituitary hormones. PMID- 7373012 TI - Graduate medical education, specialists, and specialization--the tangled web. PMID- 7373011 TI - Subcellular localization of thyroxine-5-deiodinase in rat liver. AB - L-Thyroxine (T4) is monodeiodinated to 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) and 3,3',5' triiodothyronine (T3). A recent work has demonstrated that T4-5'-deiodinase is localized solely in the microsomes of rat liver, as was originally suggested. In this study identical subcellular localization was also found for T4-5-deiodinase. This is in contrast with a previous report, indicating that T4-5-deiodinase is present in the soluble cytosol fraction of rat liver. Our results strongly indicate that the thyromimetically active T3 as well as the regulatory active rT3 are both formed from T4 in a microsomal enzyme complex. PMID- 7373013 TI - Health development and political policy: the lesson of Cuba. AB - In comparison to other Latin American countries at a similar or more advanced stage of economic development, Cuba has a relatively high ranking on major health status indicators. This paper examines the reasons for this contrast and concludes that they are largely political. This suggests that the severe health deficiencies of most developing countries are not inevitable consequences of poverty. PMID- 7373014 TI - Structural conflicts in the neighborhood health center program: the national and local perspectives. AB - The paper reports the findings of a study of the neighborhood health center (NHC) program which was initiated by the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) in 1965. The study focuses on the structure of the NHC system (funding agency, operating agency, and community board), analyzes the goals of the different sets of actors, and argues that the conflicts which evolved within the system were the natural outcome of the divergence in the goals of the different actors. Based on a series of 88 in-depth interviews with key health officials in OEO as well as project officers in NHCs throughout the country, the study suggests a framework for a more comprehensive analysis of the outcome of the NHC program and notes the implications of these findings for some current health legislation. PMID- 7373015 TI - How do we measure the impact of intergovernmental programs? Some problems and examples from the health area. AB - It is difficult to evaluate public programs of any kind but the task is particularly complex when the programs are intergovernmental in nature. Such programs often necessitate a long developmental period before they are likely to have measurable impact. The early stages are often devoted to developing support from local power structures. These programs have many unintended consequences- both positive and negative--that short-term evaluations will usually fail to note. An exploratory study of the Federal Health Planning and Community Mental Health programs is used to illustrate the importance of the "time dimension" in evaluation research. PMID- 7373016 TI - Advertising and the health care professions. PMID- 7373018 TI - Antitrust law and physician dominance of other health practitioners. AB - This article surveys recent developments in federal antitrust law regarding the health professions and the delivery of medical care. In the last four years there has been a steady erosion of the affirmative defenses traditionally available to health care providers, both institutional and individual. The article surveys these developments in terms of their implications for mounting antitrust attacks against the domination of nonphysician health care providers by physicians and other sectors of the health care industry. Three specific practices are discussed in light of their susceptibility to antitrust remedy: the denial of admitting privileges, third-party reimbursement, and physician backup to nonphysician practitioners. The article concludes with some caveats and admonitions to judges presiding over any cases which arise in this area. PMID- 7373017 TI - The plight of the urban public hospital. AB - This paper reviews identifying characteristics of the urban public hospital and discusses some of the chronic problems, such as funding, image, constituency and acceptance, that this institution has faced. Alternative courses of action for dealing with these problems are considered. No single solution is recommended for every community, but suggestions are made about how to address specific areas of concern. PMID- 7373019 TI - State health care policymaking: the Tennessee Primary Care Act of 1973. AB - Departments of public health have played a relatively limited direct role in providing primary care to medically underserved areas, a function which has long been the province of the private medical practitioner. This article reports on the personal experiences of the author in investigating the circumstances which led the state of Tennessee to deviate from this norm with its Primary Care Act of 1973. The limited scope of the measure and the timing of its introduction, together with careful attention to the dynamics of health care politics, were critical to the passage of the Act. Even though considerable time has elapsed since this article was written, and increased interest in primary care is evident in other areas and at various levels of government, the obstacles and issues involved in providing care to underserved areas remain topics of debate in Tennessee and elsewhere. PMID- 7373020 TI - Trichostrongylus vitrinus: the influence of age of sheep and population size on the intestinal distribution. AB - Two age groups of parasite-free lambs, 4 months and 8 months, were infected with 50 000 infective larvae (L3) of T. vitrinus. A further group of 8 month old lambs were infected with 250 000 L3 T. vitrinus. The lambs were slaughtered at intervals after infection, and the size and linear distribution of their intestinal worm burdens examined and compared statistically. After the 50 000 L3 infections, it was found that a higher percentage of the initial inoculum had become established in the younger lambs but that there were no differences between the intestinal distributions of the population in either age group. After infection with 250 000 L3, the percentage of the larvae retained changed with time. Up to sixteen days post infection, 38% of the larvae administered were retained; thereafter the percentage fell to 22%. The linear distribution of the population in this size of infection showed that a significantly greater percentage was present between 4.8 and 7.2 metres distal to the pylorus when compared with that after infection with 50 000 L3. PMID- 7373021 TI - Histochemical studies on acid phosphatase of the body wall and intestine of adult filarial worms in comparison with that of other parasitic nematodes. PMID- 7373022 TI - Susceptibility of rats to Taenia taeniaeformis infection. PMID- 7373023 TI - Occurrence of Dicrocoelium hospes in Mali and Senegal, West Africa. PMID- 7373024 TI - Lipid consumption in infective larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. PMID- 7373028 TI - Psychological distress and hypertension control. AB - Ninety-nine hypertensive patients who had been on antihypertensive therapies for at least six months because of diastolic blood pressure of 105 mg Hg or more were interviewed immediately after seeing their physicians. A four-item scale was used to separate those exhibiting the highest amount of psychological distress (18 patients) from the remainder of the group (81 patients). Patients exhibiting the greatest amount of psychological distress had smaller reductions in diastolic blood pressures and were more likely to have resistant hypertension (diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 100 mm Hg) at the next follow-up visit. This study suggests that a relationship exists between psychologic distress and hypertension control. Possibilities for future research are discussed. PMID- 7373029 TI - Life events, 17-OHCS measures, and psychological defensiveness in relation to aid seeking. AB - Professional aid-seeking for medical or psychological reasons was measured in 80 firefighters for a retrospective period of six months and a prospective period of eight weeks. The magnitude of life stress events, 24-hour urine 17-OHCS levels, and MMPI K-Scale scores were compared between those subjects who had sought professional aid and those who had not. The measured values did not differ significantly between groups and were, in fact, well within normal limits for all subjects tested. Analysis suggests that implied relationships between stress and illness are questionable in low-stress, low-maladjustment populations. These data lend support to the concept of a threshold effect for influence of life change on subsequent illness manifestation. PMID- 7373027 TI - Type A behavior pattern: relationship to variation in blood pressure, parental characteristics, and academic and social activities of students. AB - This study has analyzed the relationships between the Type A, or coronary-prone, behavior pattern and several physiological, behavioral and psychosocial characteristics and also has tested whether an increase in academic demands was associated with an increase in students' Type A scores. The Type A behavior pattern, as assessed by the Type A score of the Jenkins Activity Survey, was not related to average blood pressure, variability in blood pressure over a nine-week period, or increases in blood pressure following weeks when the respondent's normal life routine had been disrupted. Students who were more Type A spent more time studying or in classes. Type A students also had higher grade point averages. In contrast, Type A students were not more successful in relationships with the opposite sex nor in social relationships generally. Thus, the Type A behavior pattern appears to contribute to career success, which has traditionally been emphasized for men, but not to social success of the type that has traditionally been emphasized for women. Type A men recalled their fathers as having been more severe, having punished them more often physically, and having made them feel resentful rather than guilty when punished. Type A women recalled their mothers as having punished them more often physically. These parental behaviors may contribute to the development of anger and aggression, which are important components of the Type A behavior pattern. For the students who showed a large change in Type A scores between the beginning and the end of the academic semester, Type A scores increased at the end of the semester. Students with greater evidence of academic pressure showed more increase in Type A scores. PMID- 7373025 TI - Factors affecting the acquisition of resistance against Schistosoma mansoni in the mouse. V. Reduction in the degree of resistance to reinfection after chemotherapeutic elimination of recently patent primary infections. AB - Effective treatment of mice with six to eight week-old patent S. mansoni infections with any one of five schistosomicidal agents (Oxamniquine, Praziquantel, potassium antimony tartrate, Niridazole and Hycanthone) resulted in a reduction in the degree of resistance to homologous challenge in the treated animals when compared with the level of resistance to reinfection observed in untreated mice with intact primary infections. Mice challenged five to six weeks after treatment with Praziquantel, Niridazole or Hycanthone demonstrated a lower level of resistance than mice challenged within 10 days of the termination of the chemotherapeutic schedules. Direct comparison of Praziquantel with potassium antimony tartrate indicated that treatment with the former drug allowed retention of a greater level of acquired resistance than the antimonial in the immediate post-treatment period. Resistance to reinfection in Hycanthone-treated mice was not restored by intravenous injection of S. mansoni eggs before challenge. PMID- 7373026 TI - Localization of fluorescent compounds in the firefly light organ. AB - Two fluorescent materials have been localized in the adult firefly light organ by fluorescence microscopy. One of these is located in photocyte granules, has a maximum emission between 510 and 540 nm, is more fluorescent in basic than acidic solution, and is unstable in ultraviolet light, phosphomolybdic acid, and potassium permanganate. It is thought to be luciferin. The fluorescence of this material is very dim in untreated fireflies but increases substantially following sustained light emission induced by synephrine or prolonged electrical stimulation. It is suggested that the luciferin of untreated animals is bound in the granules and that binding suppresses its fluorescence. The second fluorescent material is located in the dorsal layer of the light organ, particularly in the cells bordering on the photogenic layer. This material has a maximum emission between 510 and 520 nm, is relatively stable in ultraviolet light, and rapidly disappears when light organs are exposed to water. Its identity and function are unknown. PMID- 7373030 TI - Female sexual arousal and the menstrual cycle. AB - Self-reports of sexual arousal were significantly affected by conditions under which they were elicited. Such self-reports in women not taking oral contraceptives were congruent with a hormonal basis for such arousal only when the women were "unaware" that the study investigated sexual arousal as a function of the menstrual cycle. The "unaware" condition was operationalized by means of daily self-reports elicited from males and females for 11 weeks under the guise of a study of biological rhythms. A composite of one to three menstrual cycles for 26 women not taking oral contraceptives showed that sexual arousal during the luteal phase, when progesterone is relatively high, was significantly lower compared to peaks around ovulation, and premenstrual and late menstrual days (p less than .02). For the "aware" condition, women were asked to remember moods for the premenstrual, menstruating and luteal phases of the very last cycle on which they had just finished giving "unaware" daily self-reports. A 2 x 3 analysis of variance (with "aware" versus "unaware" conditions and premenstrual, menstruating, and luteal phases of the last cycle as the two independent variables) yielded a significant interaction effect with F = 6.5, df = 2, 50, p less than .003. In the "unaware" condition, sexual arousal was reported lowest during the luteal phase. The opposite pattern was reported in the "aware" condition. The results suggest that cyclical variability may not be simply due to women's misattributions. However, "awareness" has an effect on self-report measures and may bias reports according to cultural stereotypes. Daily self reports of sexual arousal for men were averaged over the duration of the study. This average was 3.16. The equivalent average for women not taking oral contraceptives was 2.35 and for women taking oral contraceptives was 2.62. Analysis of variance of these three means yielded a significant difference with F = 4.49, df = 2, 59, p less than .02. PMID- 7373031 TI - Impact of psychological stress on ischemic heart disease when controlling for conventional risk indicators. AB - Fifty men with clinically manifest ischemic heart disease (IHD), fifty men with risk indicators of IHD and fifty healthy men were interviewed about experiences of psychological stress in work, family life and education. They were also examined for the presence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, obesity, impaired pulmonary function, smoking and alcohol consumption. The relative risk of developing clinical IHD associated with the experience of psychological stress during the five years prior to onset of symptoms was calculated. It was found to be six times greater with than without such experience. This relative risk was not reduced when controlling for conventional risk indicators by means of a multivariate confounder score. When the IHD group was compared to the group with merely risk indicators, the relative risk related to stress was statistically significant, but not when the latter group was compared to the control group. The results indicate that the experience of stress as it is defined in this study may contribute to the development of clinical manifestations of IHD, irrespective of the presence of conventional risk indicators. PMID- 7373034 TI - The "gluten-free" situation. PMID- 7373032 TI - Dietary management of obesity and anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7373033 TI - Haem and non-haem iron in British household diets. AB - The amounts of haem iron, natural non-haem iron and the iron added to foods have been calculated for the average household diet and for larger families in Britain. The average intakes (/person/day) were found to be 1.3 mg haem iron and 9.7 mg non-haem iron, of which 1.1 mg were from fortification; corresponding values in families with four or more children were 0.8 mg, 8.6 mg and 1.2 mg. These lead to estimates that the amount of iron absorbed may be no higher than 0.8 mg on average and 0.6 mg/person/day in large families, or 6-7 per cent of the intake. Such values are less than those usually assumed. PMID- 7373035 TI - British Dietetic Association policy statement. Diet and dental caries. Report of a joint working party of The British Dietetic Association and the British Paedodontic Society. PMID- 7373036 TI - Rationalisation of therapeutic diets. PMID- 7373037 TI - Rationalisation of therapeutic diets in the Netherlands: dietetic applications and organizational application in hospitals. AB - In 1976 a project was started by The Netherlands Education Bureau for Food and Nutrition to rationalise therapeutic diets and reorganise hospital catering departments. The principles of the rationalisation were described in J. Hum. Nutr. 33, 329-334. The basis of the practical applications are reported here. PMID- 7373038 TI - Multiple myeloma: an immunologic profile. Cytotoxic and suppressive effects of the EA rosette-forming cell. AB - Lymphoid cells bearing receptors for human IgG anti-Rh antibody but not otherwise identifiable as T or B cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of human multiple myeloma patients. These cells do not demonstrate surface immunoglobulin, do not secrete immunoglobulin in culture after stimulation with pokeweed mitogen, and do not possess receptors for the third component of complement. They do not form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, and do not respond to known T cell mitogens. These cells are not phagocytic and do not possess demonstrable nonspecific esterase. Thus, they must be considered at present, members of the "third population" lymphoid cells. These cells are active in the cytotoxic response by myeloma peripheral blood lymphocytes to myeloma plasma cells accounting for approximately 60% of such activity. They are also responsible for part of the suppression of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated immunoglobulin production, and at equivalent suppressor to target cell ratios are more active than immunoregulatory monocytes. Thus, these cells play an important, not previously widely appreciated role in the pathophysiology of the human myeloma patient. PMID- 7373039 TI - Stability of DNA/anti-DNA complexes. III. Kinetic control of immune complex size. AB - The Farr assay and sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation were used to study the importance of kinetic factors on the size of antibody/DNA immune complexes prepared from SLE sera and dsDNA. We have found that significantly different numbers and sizes of antibody/DNA immune complexes can be formed by varying the time course of addition of a given amount of DNA to an SLE serum. For example, the introduction of additional DNA to a preincubated antibody-DNA system does not lead to reequilibration of that system with respect to the amount of DNA bound or the size of the complexes formed even after 1 hr at 37 degrees C. The potential implications of these observations with respect to the pathogenesis of SLE is discussed. PMID- 7373041 TI - Lymphoid procoagulant activity and mitogenesis in the C3H/HeJ mouse: discordant response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. AB - Lymphoid cells from the C3H/HeJ mouse respond abnormally to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a number of in vitro functions. Abnormalities in both macrophage and lymphocyte populations have been suggested. In the present study, splenic mononuclear cells were isolated from C3H/HeJ, C3H/St, A/J, and BALB/c mice, and analyzed for mitogenesis and induction of procoagulant activity (PCA) by LPS prepared by either phenol or butanol extraction methods. All strains responded vigorously with resultant increased 3H thymidine uptake to Con A and PHA, and all but the C3H/HeJ responded well to butanol or phenol extracted LPS. However, the C3H/HeJ was unresponsive to phenol-extracted LPS and exhibited a poor but significant response to butanol-extracted LPS. In contrast, lymphoid cells from all strains, including the C3H/HeJ, exhibited a marked and equal increase of PCA in response to both phenol- and butanol-extracted LPS by using both splenic and peripheral blood lymphoid cells. The results obtained indicate that although the C3H/HeJ mouse may be unresponsive to a number of LPS-stimulated functions, there is no associated defect in PCA generation, a lymphocyte collaboration-dependent event. PMID- 7373040 TI - Detection and characterization of membrane antigens of Toxoplasma gondii. AB - Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were surface radioiodinated by the lactoperoxidase technique, and the solubilized membrane proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Four major labeled proteins with apparent m.w. of 43,000, 35,000, 27,000, and 14,000 were detected. None of the radioiodinated proteins bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose. When a panel of eight different fluorescein-conjugated lectins was used in an attempt to characterize further the nature of the cell membrane, none of the lectins bound to intact tachyzoites. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis did not reveal any significant differences among three different strains of Toxoplasma. Each of the radioiodinated surface proteins was precipitable by sera from mice chronically infected with the same strain as well as by a series of sera from mice infected with other strains. Sera from humans with acute Toxoplasma infection showed more variability in that some precipitated all labeled proteins whereas others precipitated only two or three of them. Monoclonal antibodies (2G11 and 3E6) prepared by hybridization of spleen cells from Toxoplasma-immune mice with myeloma cells consistently precipitated both the solubilized 35,000 and 14,000 dalton proteins, whereas 1E3 precipitated the 43,000-dalton protein and 1E11 the 27,000-dalton protein. PMID- 7373042 TI - Binding, fractionation, and papain susceptibility of groups d and e rabbit IgG allotypes. PMID- 7373043 TI - Characterization of responding cells in oxidative mitogen stimulation. II. Identification of an Ia-bearing adherent accessory cell. AB - Treatment of murine lymph node or spleen cells with anti-Ia serum and complement (C), depletes the subsequent proliferative response of the residual cells to the oxidative mitogen galactose oxidase (NaGO). Restoration of the mitogenic response could be achieved by the addition of adherent accessory cells prepared by a variety of techniques. Loosely adherent dendritic cells were the most efficient population of restoring cells. Treatment of adherent cells with anti-Ia serum and C removed their capacity for restoration. Restoration of the oxidative mitogen response to lymph node cells depeleted of adherent cells by passage over nylon wool and Sephadex columns was similar to restoration of Ia- depleted lymphocyte populations. Further NaGO-induced lymphocyte transformation requires an Ly-1+2+ T lymphocyte and an Ia-positive adherent accessory cell. PMID- 7373044 TI - Structural polymorphism of murine C4 and its linkage to H-2. AB - Heretofore unrecognized structural polymorphism of murine C4(Ss) was demonstrated by using two different techniques: immunofixation electrophoresis and immunofixation isoelectric focusing. By these methods C4 was demonstrated as a broad protein band in freshly bled EDTA-plasma of inbred strains and wild mouse lines. Seven variants of C4(Ss) were identified among a large number of mice tested:C4-v (pI 7.7) exemplified by strain SM/J, C4-B(pI 7.5) exemplified by B10, C4-k (pI 7.3) exemplified by C3H/He, C4-bactrianus (pI 7.2) exemplified by Mus m.bacterianus, C4-d.s(pI 7.0) exemplified by DBA/2 and SJL/J, C4-castaneus (pI 6.6) exemplified by Mus m.castaneus, and C4-NC(pI 6.3) exemplified by NC. F1 hybrid exhibited two C4 bands, each of which corresponds to C4 of a parent. The possibility that the observed polymorphism represents variation of Slp was ruled out because an identical C4 pattern was always observed between male and female mice. The observed structural variation of murine C4 is controlled by a single codominant locus localized within or in the proximity of the S subregion of H-2. This was shown by phenotyping several intra-H-2 recombinant strains and backcross progeny, (B10 X NC)F1 X B10 and (B10 X NC)F1 X NC. An alloantiserum specific for one of the C4 variants (C4-NC) was successfully produced in C3H/He mice by repeated injection of purified C4 of NC mouse. This finding suggests that observed C4 variants or at least some of them represent antigenically distinguishable allotypes of murine C4. PMID- 7373045 TI - Monoclonal dinitrophenyl-specific murine IgE antibody: preparation, isolation, and characterization. PMID- 7373046 TI - The culture of mouse thymic reticulum cells: the effect of homologous serum on the establishment of primary cultures. PMID- 7373048 TI - Demonstration of a chemotactic factor receptor on macrophages. AB - Certain synthetic N-formylated peptides are potent chemotactic agents for phagocytic cells. We have identified a specific, high affinity receptor for the chemotactic peptide fMet-Leu-[3H]Phe on inflammatory as well as on resident guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. The receptor on inflammatory macrophages has an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 11 nM at room temperature, and there are approximately 10,000 binding sites per cell. The receptor on resident peritoneal macrophages has a KD of 7 nM with approximately 12,000 sites per cell. The increased chemotactic responsiveness of inflammatory macrophages as compared to resident macrophages is probably not due to differences in the fMet-Leu [3h]phe receptor since the number of binding sites per cell and the KD are quite similar. The specificity of the binding site on both cell types for a series of N formylated peptides correlates well with the ability of the peptides to initiate macrophage chemotaxis. These studies suggest that the chemotactic response of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages to N-formylated peptides is initiated by the binding of the peptides to a specific cell-surface receptor. PMID- 7373047 TI - Capping of mouse spleen lymphocyte C3 receptors: effects of pharmacologic agents. PMID- 7373050 TI - Activation of the fourth component of complement (C4): assessment by rocket immunoelectrophoresis and correlation with the metabolism of C4. AB - The classical pathway of complement (C) is activated in several diseases, and this activation characteristically involves the activation of C4, the fourth component of C. Since activation of C4 ultimately produces the polypeptide fragment C4d, we have applied immunoelectrophoresis in gels containing antibodies that precipitate C4d and C4 (rocket immunoelectrophoresis) as a means of detecting and quantitating C4 activation. Plasma C4 produced a single precipitin line after rocket immunoelectrophoresis, whereas plasma containing C4d produced two precipitin lines corresponding to C4d and C4. The areas enclosed by the respective precipitin line(s) were quantitated by planimetry and approximated the amounts of C4d and C4 present in the specimen. The ratio of the areas of C4d/C4 as measured in this analysis correlated significantly with the in vivo metabolism of radiolabeled C4. Our method detected C4d in the plasmas of some patients with rheumatoid arthritis, hereditary angioedema, systemic lupus erythematosus, or chronic urticaria with hypocomplementemia. These studies indicated that determination of the C4d/C4 ratio is useful in the evaluation of in vivo C activation and also may be applicable to the study and management of diseases associated with C activation. PMID- 7373049 TI - Purification of Fc gamma receptor from rabbit alveolar macrophages that retains ligand-binding activity. AB - The Fc gamma receptor of rabbit alveolar macrophages was purified by affinity chromatography by using rabbit gamma-globulin (Rab gamma G) coupled to Sepharose. Macrophage preparations were efficiently labeled with 125I by using a modified lactoperoxidase method. After incubation of NP-40 cell lysates with Rab gamma G Sepharose, elution at 4 degrees C with 0.5 N acetic acid containing 1% NP-40 and rapid neutralization allowed recovery of active Fc gamma receptor. Purified Fc gamma receptor retained its ligand-binding activity, since approximately 41 to 72% of labeled material specifically rebound to Rab gamma G-Sepharose. Active receptor also rebound to human IgG- and rat IgG-sepharose. Active Fc gamma receptor did not bind to Sepharose coupled to rabbit Fab, rabbit F(ab)'2 or human F(ab)'2 fragments, nor to Sepharose coupled to chicken IgG. Analysis of Fc gamma receptor by SDS polyacrylamide gels demonstrated a broad peak of radioactivity in the apparent m.w. range of 50,000 to 70,000 in 5.6% acrylamide gels and 35,000 to 55,000 in 9% gels. Labeled receptor with similar structural characteristics and ligand-binding activity was also obtained from highly purified adherent cell populations and from macrophages biosynthetically-labeled with [14C]glucosamine in culture. PMID- 7373051 TI - Evidence for the influence of the initial complement components on the assembly and activity of the membrane attack complex. AB - The failure of functionally purified C5gp to reconstitute the hemolytic complement (C) activity of C5-deficient human serum was studied. The lack of hemolytic activity of C5gp in this system could not be correlated with the failure of EAC1-3hu to bind and activate C5gp, but was related to the failure of EAC1-3hu5gp6hu to efficiently bind C7hu in a form that would lead to lysis when HuC8 and HuC9 were added. This failure was not observed with EAC1-3gp5gp6hu or EAC1-3hu5hu6hu, which could be lysed with any combination of human or guinea pig C7 through C9. The implications of these findings on the control of the lytic C attack mechanism by the initial components in the C cascade are discussed. PMID- 7373052 TI - Heterogeneity of an intrastrain cross-reactive idiotype associated with anti-p azophenylarsonate antibodies of A/J mice. PMID- 7373054 TI - C5a induced tracheal contraction: a histamine independent mechanism. AB - C5a, a peptide derived from the fifth component of complement, caused significant prolonged smooth muscle contraction in isolated guinea pig trachea. Diphenhydramine, a histamine receptor antagonist of the H1 type, had no effect on either the rate, amplitude or duration of C5a induced tracheal contraction, whereas it significantly inhibited the tracheal response to exogenous histamine. Diphenhydramine also caused a significant delay in the response to compound 48/80 in normal guinea pig trachea and to antigen in actively sensitized trachea, indicating that the antihistamine was capable of inhibiting tracheal contractions to endogenously released histamine. C5a induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction was also unaffected by antagonists of H2, muscarinic cholinergic and alpha adrenergic receptors. These results indicate that C5a induced tracheal contraction is independent of histamine and is potentially a mediator of allergic bronchospasm. PMID- 7373053 TI - Characterization of the oligosaccharide units of the fourth component of complement (Ss protein) synthesized by murine macrophages. AB - The glycosylation of murine C4 (Ss protein) synthesized by peritoneal macrophages has been investigated. Both the intracellular precursor, P-C4 (185), and the C4 alpha- and beta-chains that were secreted into medium were found to be glycosylated; however, no carbohydrate units were detected on the gamma-chain. Analyses of the oligosaccharide units showed that P-C4 (185) appears to contain both a "complex" and a "high mannose" carbohydrate group, the alpha-chain a "complex" group and the beta-chain a "high mannose" carbohydrate unit. PMID- 7373055 TI - Macrophage function in tumor-bearing mice: evidence for lactic dehydrogenase elevating virus-associated changes. PMID- 7373056 TI - Pathobiology of the intravenous infusion of acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC), a synthetic platelet-activating factor (PAF), in the rabbit. PMID- 7373057 TI - Liposome modulation of surface immunoglobulins on rabbit spleen cells. PMID- 7373058 TI - Estrogen and immunity. PMID- 7373059 TI - Separation of human monocytes on density gradients of Percoll. AB - Monocytes from human blood have been isolated by centrifugation in Percoll. A one step procedure has been designed to isolate the cells from 7 ml of blood. when 5% of the white blood cells are assumed to be monocytes, an estimated average yield of 100% and a purity of 20% is achieved. The contaminating cells are almost exclusively lymphocytes. By a two-step procedure the monocytes can be obtained 90% pure with an approximate yield of 35%. The cells can be used for tissue culture without washing and they display the usual properties of mononuclear phagocytes in vitro. PMID- 7373060 TI - Identification and measurement of rat eosinophil phospholipase D. Its activity on schistosomula phospholipids. AB - A sensitive assay, using [14C]lecithin as a substrate, has been developed for the measurement of phospholipase activity in rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Cell extracts were found to contain a phospholipase D activity and indirect evidence suggested that eosinophils are responsible for the cleavage of lecithin. Intact peritoneal cells were also able to hydrolyze exogenous [14C]lecithin in vitro. When [3H]choline-labeled schistosomula were used as targets in antibody-dependent cytotoxicity experiments, the radioactivity of lecithin decreased more rapidly in a complete cytotoxicity system than in controls, suggesting that hydrolysis of schistosomula phospholipids occurred during the killing process. PMID- 7373061 TI - A radioimmunoassay for phosphorylated forms of vitamin B6. AB - Hapten-specific antibodies are found in rabbit serum afterimmunization of the animals with phosphopyridoxyl-bovine serum albumin. These were purified approximately 80-fold by salt fractionation and affinity chromatography on phosphopyridoxyl-aminoethyl cellulose. The purified hapten-specific antibodies were covalently coupled to Immunobeads. The antibody-Immunobead preparation binds [3H]pyridoxine phosphate. This provides the basis for a radioimmunoassay for vitamin B6 derivatives. [3H]Pyridoxine phosphate is displaced from the matrix attached antibodies by pyridoxine phosphate, pyridoxamine phosphate, and pyridoxal phosphate, but is not displaced to any significant extent by pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal, or 5'-deoxypyridoxal. The antibody Immunobead preparation may be recycled for reutilization in radioimmunoassay procedures. The sensitivity of the assay is in the picomole range. PMID- 7373062 TI - The effect of high antigen density on solid-phase radioimmunoassays for antibody regardless of immunoglobulin class. AB - Human sera containing antibody to casein or to bovine serum albumin were used to assess the validity and utility of a solid-phase assay for quantitating antibody activity. Rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin radiolabeled with 125I and capable of reacting with all human immunoglobulin classes was used to detect antibody bound to antigen immobilized to polystyrene tubes by a new covalent technique. This method results in very high antigen concentrations in highly stable association with polystyrene tubes. Kinetic and absorption studies demonstrated that low avidity antibodies are better detected when antigen is immobilized by the covalent method than when passively adsorbed. Conditions are described for minimizing artifactual interactions and for obtaining results similar to those obtained with conventional, liquid-phase assays. Failure to reach equilibrium in solid-phase assays and other problems are proposed to explain, in part, the inability to obtain a better correlation between solid- and liquid-phase immunoassays. PMID- 7373063 TI - Conditions for measuring DNA synthesis in PHA stimulated human lymphocytes in 20 microliters hanging drops with various cell concentrations and periods of culture. AB - We have studied conditions for measuring the uptake of [3H]thymidine ([3H]Tdr) by human lymphocytes in inverted microcultures, varying cell concentrations and periods in culture. Analysis of variance of the log values for [3H]Tdr uptake may be used to separate effects of variables and their interactions. A pulse time of 2 h, a total thymidine concentration of about 1 microgram/ml and a specific activity of [3H]Tdr of 2 Ci/mmole were optimal. Variables such as cell concentration, period of culture, type of serum and dose of PHA were shown to interact, suggesting that these variables should be examined together especially when comparing different samples of lymphocytes. Conditions for doing this simply in small volumes are now available for culturing, thymidine pulsing, harvesting and analysis of data. PMID- 7373064 TI - A study of the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction for the assay of mouse IgE antibody. PMID- 7373065 TI - Change of H-2 antigens' expression on mouse leukaemia LBN/a-2 and LBN/b-3 cells in the course of serial transplantation. AB - The inbred mouse strains BN/a and BN/b have haplotype H-2bp characterized by H 2.33 and lacking any other private specificity known in inbred strains. Two transplantable B cell leukaemias which originated in BN/a and BN/b mice treated with anti-lymphocyte globulin were tested serologically for H-2 antigens. Tests during passages 169--181 revealed several quantitatively different reactions with sera against public specificities, some of these being due to Ia antibodies. No change in expression of the private specificities was seen. On the other hand, during the later passages (239--258) a number of qualitative differences were seen the most remarkable being the loss of H-2.33 and gain of H-2.4,31. The overall serological pattern of cells resembled that of H-2d rather than of H-2bp haplotypes and this was confirmed by absorption tests. The changes reported here may be due to alterations of repression and derepression pattern of the presumed multiple structural H-2 genes present in the genome. PMID- 7373066 TI - Expression of foreign H-2-like antigens by a chemically-induced murine tumour (MCG4). AB - Alien H-2k-like antigens were found to be expressed by a methylcholanthrene induced tumour of BALB/c (H-2d) origin. H-2 specificities of the k haplotype were detected on this tumour by a variety of serological techniques, including 51Cr release cytotoxicity, microradioassay and absorption. The antisera employed were conventional polyspecific alloantisera, typing sera with restricted specificty and monoclonal hybridoma-derived anti-H-2k antibodies. The tumour has a low expression of the private specificty 31, which characterizes Kd molecules, and does not seem to express the private specificities of Dd, Kk and Dk molecules. It appears to express predominantly alien H-2-like antigens which are very similar to but not identical with normal H-2k molecules. PMID- 7373069 TI - Biomphalaria glabrata amoebocytes: effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection on in vitro phagocytosis. PMID- 7373067 TI - Unexpected lympho-cytotoxic reactions of anti-H-2 sera on normal lymph-node cells: are they due to altered H-2 structures or anti-viral antibodies? AB - When testing the serum of an individual anti-H-2 immunized mouse (B10 x A.SW)F1 anti-B10.M by the routine micro-lymphocytotoxicity test on lymph-node cells, unexpected antibodies were found. The most striking finding was that after absorption of anti-H-2.8 antibodies with B10.A(2R) (Kk) cells, antibodies remained which reacted with AKR, B10.AKM and B10.A V+ mice while B10.A V-, B10.BR and C3H mice were negative. While all these strains share the Kk allele, only the positively reacting strains express high titres of infectious RNA turnover viruses. Unexpected reactions were observed also with H-2d, H-2j and H-2r cells and absorption experiments indicated two or three antibody populations. These reactions could be interpreted by two different possibilities: (1) anti-H-2 antibodies react with virus-altered H-2 structures; and (2) anti-viral antibodies react with H-2 structures complexed with viruses. These possibilities should be taken into account when H-2 sera are tested on tumour or virus-infected cells. PMID- 7373068 TI - H-2d-like specificities on Gardner (H-2k) tumour detected in a restricted anti tumour reaction. AB - Cytostatis of the H-2d tumour LSTRA by H-2-restricted effector lymphocytes was inhibited by antisera against H-2.4 and H-2.31 but not by antisera against public specificities or non-H-2 antigens. The unexpected reaction of the same effector cells against Gardner tumour (H-2k) was also shown to be inhibited by a combination of antisera against H-2.4 and H-2.31 but not by each antiserum used separately. The inhibitory capacity of these antisera was removed by absorption with B10.D2 but not with B10 lymphocytes. This indicated the presence of H-2d like specificities on gardner tumour which could function as self-recognition structures in an H-2Kd and H-2Dd restricted system. PMID- 7373070 TI - Abnormal growths from the digestive gland of Biomphalaria glabrata. PMID- 7373071 TI - Activity of testosterone 5 alpha-reductase in various tissues of human skin. AB - In order to know the distribution of testosterone 5 alpha-reductase activity in human skin, we developed a micro-method, in which we used 20-50 micrograms of various tissues microdissected from freeze-dried sections. The characteristics of this enzyme in the sebaceous gland are briefly described, as follows: the identified 5 alpha-reduced metabolites are 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, 5 alpha androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstanedione; the optimal pH is about 7.5; and the apparent Km is approximately 2.4 x 10(-5) M. The measurement of 5 alpha-reductase activity of various components of the skin obtained from 7 men and 5 women revealed that the sweat gland (probably apocrine) in the axillary skin possessed the highest activity of 5 alpha-reductase: the value was nearly 400 pmoles/mg dry weight/hr in the standardized condition. The sebaceous gland also showed a high activity of 85-261 pmoles/mg/hr. The hair follicles exhibited a significantly lower activity than the sebaceous gland. The enzyme activity was negligible in the epidermis, while it was detected in the dermis though the values determined were variable probably because of contamination with other components such as sweat glands and hair follicles. Thus, the present study demonstrates that the 5 alpha-reductase activity is mainly located in the apocrine sweat gland and sebaceous gland. This suggests that 5 alpha-reduction of testosterone is an important step in mediating the action of androgens in these tissues. PMID- 7373072 TI - Cell renewal in noncornified and cornified buccal epithelium in the rabbit. AB - This study was undertaken to compare some aspects of cell renewal in the noncornified and cornified epithelia that are juxtaposed in the buccal mucosa of the rabbit. Specimens were analyzed by autoradiography and scintillation counting at various times after the injection of tritiated thymidine or triated proline. In the noncornified epithelium, the labeling index in the proliferative compartment at 1 hr was 15.5%; in the entire cell population, it was 5.8% at 1 hr, 10.4% at 24 hr, and 20.2% at 72 hr. The leading edge of labeled cells reached the surface by 96 hr. In the cornified epithelium, the labeling index in the proliferative compartment was 8.7% at 1 hr; in the entire nucleated cell population, it was 4.2% at 1 hr, 9.2% at 24 hr, and 12.1% at 96 hr. The leading edge of labeled cells reached the stratum corneum by 96 hr and the surface by 144 hr. It was concluded that renewal occurs at a more rapid rate in the noncornified than in the cornified epithelium under study. PMID- 7373073 TI - Potential ocular complications from PUVA therapy and their prevention. AB - During the last decade psoralens have become increasingly popular in treating psoriasis. The well-known photosensitizing action of these drugs has led to increasing concern regarding potential ocular complications, particularly in patients receiving prolonged psoralen therapy. We have demonstrated that this drug can be found in lenses of rats injected (intraperitoneally) with 4-8 mg/kg of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and that its presence can lead to a photosensitized enhancement of lenticular fluorescence. Our experiments suggest one mechanism regarding the photosensitizing properties of 8-MOP within the ocular lens. Photo addition products are generated with certain amino acid residues in the lens proteins which may result in the permanent retention of this compound within the ocular lens. We have recently shown that free 8-MOP can also be detected in human lenses for at least 12 hr following oral ingestion. Since the free 8-MOP tends to diffuse out of the lens during this period of time (as long as photic stimulation is prevented) it may be possible to prevent these photochemical reactions if the patient avoid exposure to ambient light for 12-24 hr immediately following ingestion of the drug. It may also be possible to protect these patients with special glasses which are capable of reflecting all UV radiation (up to 400 nm) while completely transmitting the visible radiation (400-750 nm). PMID- 7373075 TI - Eosinophil response in guinea pig skin to a low molecular weight eosinophil chemotactic factor extracted from livers of mice with schistosomiasis. AB - A low-molecular weight eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF-G), isolated and partially purified from livers of mice with schistosomiasis, was injected intradermally into guinea pigs. Biopsies obtained were studied for inflammatory cell accumulation in the injected sites and compared with those in the control sites injected with phosphate buffered saline. Tissue eosinophilia was seen as early as 1 hr after injection of ECF-G, but not in the control site. The increase of eosinophilia appeared biphasic with peaks at 6 and 24 hr. Mast cells increased in both ECF-G and saline injected sites and the increase was still found at 120 hr after injection. Neutrophils also increased in both ECF-G and saline injected sites but disappeared within 48 hr. These findings indicate that ECF-G is a tissue and species nonspecific eosinophil chemotactic factor, and injection of ECF-G initiates interaction of eosinophils and mast cells in the skin. PMID- 7373076 TI - Evaluation of cellular injury in skin utilizing enzyme activities in suction blister fluid. AB - Suction blisters were produced on the skin of anesthetised rats and marker enzyme activities measured in the blister fluid from normal and chemically damaged skin. Cutaneous application of tributyltin, in doses known to produce morphological damage, increased the activity of a number of enzymes in the blister fluid within 2.5 hr. The increases were dose-related and resulted from cutaneous damage as they were detected at times and doses when there were no comparable changes in plasma enzyme activities. Increased enzyme levels in suction blister fluid from chemically damaged skin appear to reflect the degree of skin injury and may offer a direct and quantitative assessment of this injury. PMID- 7373074 TI - Experimental study of resistance to infection by Trichophyton mentagrophytes: demonstration of memory skin cells. AB - The mechanisms governing the development of local immunity in experimental dermatophytosis were studied by injecting intravenously trichophytin in guinea pigs cured of a prior Trichophyton mentagrophytes infestation. Dermal cell modifications were observed which were greater in the healed zones than in those not affected during the prior dermatophyte inoculation. These modifications included lymphocyte activation and accumulation and an accumulation of basophilic leukocytes. These observations suggest that after an acute dermatophyte infection heals, immunocompetent cells remain which are more numerous at the sites of lesions and that these cells would be responsible for the increased rate of elimination of the fungus during a reinfection. This hypothesis is discussed in the framework of the relationships observed in dermatophyte infections between delayed type hypersensitivity and resistance. PMID- 7373078 TI - The permeability barrier in essential fatty acid deficiency: evidence for a direct role for linoleic acid in barrier function. AB - Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficient rodents demonstrate abnormal epidermal permeability barrier function and differentiation, defects which can be corrected by either topical or systemic administration of linoleic acid. Since linoleic acid is a precursor of prostaglandins, correction of the defect in barrier function may either reflect a prostaglandin-mediated return toward normal epidermal differentiation, or, instead, a direct effect of linoleic acid. To test these possibilities severely EFA-deficient mice were pretreated daily with indomethacin and/or 5,8,11,14-eicosatetrayeonic acid, and then placed on normal (lineolic acid-supplemented) diets. Endogenous formation of prostaglandin E2 was determined by thin-layer chromatography after transformation into prostaglandin B2 with ethanolic-hydrochloric acid. Animals treated with both indomethacin and TYA DEMONSTRATED SUBSTANTIAL REDUCTIONS IN PROSTAGLANDIN E2 levels in liver and skin. Animals replenished with linoleic acid invariably demonstrated a rapid return of barrier function toward normal whether or not they were blockaded, while nonreplenished animals, with or without inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis, demonstrated continued deterioration in barrier function. In other experiments, topically applied linoleic acid rapidly reversed the defect in barrier function at the sites of application prior to systemic correction of the EFA deficient state. These results suggest that: (1) defective cutaneous barrier function in EFA deficiency can be corrected locally without prior systemic reversal of the deficiency state; and (2) that linoleic acid may play a direct role in the epidermal permeability barrier independent of its role in prostaglandin metabolism. PMID- 7373077 TI - The rate of formation of corneocyte layers after stripping the noninvolved psoriatic skin and its relation to parakeratosis and epidermal enzyme levels. AB - Corneocyte layer formation rate using dansyl chloride as corneocyte marker was followed in noninvolved skin during a period of 2 weeks after that the skin had been subjected to cellophane stripping. The rate increased after stripping in 7 of 9 tested but it was not paralleled by any apparent parakeratosis. In 1 of 9 patients a Koebner reaction occurred. The corneocyte formation rate in the Koebner reaction was 6.1 times that of the noninvolved skin and with a degree of parakeratosis of 41%. In involved skin, a positive correlation, coefficient 0.81, was shown between corneocyte layer formation rate (range 3.9-15.2 layers/day) and degree of parakeratosis (range 24-100%). In the skin 5 to 14 days after stripping the rate of formation of the corneocyte layer varied from 1.6 to 8.2. In the noninvolved and involved skin the mean rate was 2.2 and 9.7, respectively. In the stripped skin epidermal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase activities generally were the same as those of the noninvolved skin. In the Koebner reacting epidermis the 2 enzymes were increased 2.2 and 1.1 times the noninvolved levels but were statistically not significantly increased from control values. PMID- 7373079 TI - Persistence of IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies to Yersinia in yersinia arthritis. AB - IgA antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica were demonstrated in the sera of 13 patients with severe versinia arthritis who were studied six to eight months after an acute infection with Yersinia. Four of the patients were monitored for two to three years, and they continued to demonstrate these antibodies. Only one of 12 control patients (individuals with yersinia infection without arthritis) had IgA antibodies specific to Yersinia six to eight months after the acute infection. The persistence of IgG antibodies was also in direct correlation to the occurrence of arthritis, but not as clearly as was the persistence of IgA antibodies. Antibodies of the IgM class persisted in most cases for only one to three months and always disappeared during the first six months after the onset of the infection. Thus, the demonstration of IgA antibodies to Yersinia is important in the diagnosis of yersinia arthritis, and the occurrence of IgM antibodies indicates a recently acquired infection with Yersinia. PMID- 7373080 TI - Comparison of influenza B/Hong Kong virus infections among infants, children, and young adults. AB - An influenza B/Hong Kong viral epidemic was monitored by surveillance of respiratory illness in three different age groups. Prospective viral monitoring of febrile respiratory illness was a useful mirror of the epidemiologic behavior of influenza in the community. Influenza B virus infection in infants and young children was distinguished by high fever and respiratory symptoms and was occasionally associated with otitis media. In older children and young adults, systemic and gastrointestinal complaints were more prominent. Of young children experiencing their first infection, a hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody response was seen in only one-third. Eleven children who received inactivated B/Hong Kong virus vaccine three years earlier were not protected from clinical infection but exhibited an anamnestic serum antibody response. PMID- 7373081 TI - Role of teichoic acid in the binding of Staphylococcus aureus to nasal epithelial cells. AB - The role of teichoic acid in the adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to nasal epithelial cells was investigated. Epithelial cells treated with teichoic acid demonstrated decreased binding of S. aureus. A 71% reduction of adherence was noted with teichoic acid-treated epithelial cells as compared with controls (P less than 0.001). Reduction in adherence of S. aureus was also noted with lipoteichoic acid (obtained from streptococci)-treated epithelial cells. The data provide evidence that teichoic acid mediates the adherence of S. aureus to nasal mucosal cells. PMID- 7373082 TI - Induction of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni by natural cord factor and synthetic lower homologues. AB - Resistance to schistosomiasis in mice can be acquired either specifically, by primary infection with Schistosoma mansoni, or nonspecifically, by treatment with a variety of unrelated agents such as bacille Calmette-Guerin. Several immunoadjuvants related to mycobacteria were examined for their ability to induce resistance to schistosomiasis. Natural cord factor (6,6'-trehalose dimycolate), a 100-carbon synthetic cord factor analogue, and dipalmitate trehalose induced significant protection. Trehalose dibehenate and muramyl dipeptide did not induce consistent protection. Since protection acquired by primary schistosomal infection or by any of these potentiating agents is partial, their possible additive effect was evaluated. The resistance of mice with schistosomiasis that were injected with trehalose dipalmitate and challenged with schistosomal cercariae was increased, as assayed by recovery of schistosomula from the lungs and of adult worms from the portal system. Thus, these synthetic adjuvants not only induce partial protection against schistosomiasis, but also significantly enhance acquired immunity in mice with primary infections. PMID- 7373083 TI - Uptake of gentamicin by separated, viable renal tubules from rabbits. AB - The proximal renal tubules have a marked affinity for gentamicin; they also are the major site of nephrotoxicity caused by this drug. The uptake of radiolabeled gentamicin in separated, viable renal tubules prepared by enzymatic digestion of rabbit kidneys was studied. The preparations showed rapid initial uptake of gentamicin followed by continued slower uptake. Accumulation was not affected by pH, but was significantly inhibited by ouabain, dinitrophenol, anoxia, and hypothermia in the absence of evident cellular damage. At gentamicin concentrations of greater than 50 microgram/ml in the medium, there was competition for drug uptake. Gentamicin efflux in tubules that were taken from a medium containing antibiotic and placed into antibiotic-free fluid was slow and incomplete. From these data it appears that gentamicin uptake by separated renal tubules occurs by a process that requires metabolic energy; thereafter, the drug resides in a poorly exchangeable cellular pool. PMID- 7373085 TI - A decisive period in the antibiotic prophylaxis of cutaneous lesions caused by Bacteroides fragilis in guinea pigs. PMID- 7373084 TI - From the Center for Disease Control. Trends in human plague in the United States. PMID- 7373086 TI - Therapeutic effects of aerosolized amantadine in naturally acquired infection due to influenza A virus. AB - The effect of small-particle aerosol therapy with amantadine was assessed in a randomized, double-blind study of 20 patients with naturally acquired influenza A virus infection. Aerosol treatments of 20 min with either distilled water or with amantadine hydrochloride (1.0 g/100 ml of distilled water) were given three times a day for four days. The amantadine-treated patients experienced a significantly more rapid resolution of clinical signs and symptoms when compared with placebo treated patients. The resolution of fever was similar for both groups. Aerosol delivery of amantadine did not affect the frequency of viral isolation from upper respiratory tract secretions but was associated with a trend toward reduced quantity of viral shedding. Serial pulmonary function tests found no important differences between the groups. Amantadine-treated patients experienced a greater frequency of mild local side effects (rhinorrhea, nasal irritation) during aerosol exposures, but aerosol treatments did not cause any apparent decline in pulmonary function. PMID- 7373087 TI - A prospective double-blind study of side effects associated with the administration of amantadine for influenza A virus prophylaxis. AB - During a study of efficacy of amantadine prophylaxis of influenza A virus infection in young adults, gross and subtle side effects were monitored. Eighty eight students were randomly selected to receive either amantadine or placebo for four weeks or both in a sequential crossover design of two weeks each. Side effects (i.e., dizziness, nervousness, and insomnia) occurred in 33% of those receiving amantadine and in 10% of those receiving placebo (P less than 0.005). Although side effects were well tolerated by most subjects, six volunteers discontinued amantadine because of marked complaints. Cessation of side effects occurred in more than half of those continuing amantadine. Sixteen students receiving amantadine had decreased performance on sustained attention tasks as compared with ones receiving placebo (P less than 0.05). Gross and subtle side effects of amantadine observed in this study on currently recommended dosage are higher than previously reported, which may be an important factor in consideration of mass prophylaxis. PMID- 7373088 TI - Lack of effect of oral ribavirin in naturally occurring influenza A virus (H1N1) infection. AB - A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of ribavirin was conducted in 97 young adult males naturally infected with influenza virus similar to A/Brazil/11/78 (H1N1). Ribavirin was given orally at a dose of 1,000 mg/day for five days beginning within 24 or 48 hr after onset of clinical influenza. The clinical signs and symptoms of influenza and quantitative viral shedding were the same in ribavirin- and placebo-treated groups. Ribavirin treatment was associated with significantly fewer fourfold or greater rises in antibody to influenza A viral antigen by the complement-fixation test, while rises in hemagglutination inhibiting antibody titers occurred with equal frequency in both groups. The ribavirin-treated group experienced significant increases in bilirubin and in reticulocyte counts after onset of therapy. PMID- 7373089 TI - Reservoirs for human campylobacteriosis. AB - The epidemiology of human enteric infection due to Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni is not well understood. To determine whether an endogenous human reservoir is present, the rate of isolation of C. fetus subspecies jejuni from several populations of diarrheal and asymptomatic adults and children were compared. C. fetus subspecies jejuni was recovered from 4.1% of patients with diarrhea and 66.7% of household contacts of the index patients who themselves had diarrhea. Carriage of organisms in most untreated patients lasted less than three weeks from onset of symptoms. C. fetus subspecies jejuni was rarely recovered from the feces of asymptomatic individuals and not at all from the vaginal flora of 272 women. Domestic animals, especially puppies with diarrhea, were frequently infected with Campylobacter and may represent a significant reservoir for human infection. PMID- 7373092 TI - Questions/answers re university hospitals. Interview by John W. Colloton. PMID- 7373091 TI - Survival of Legionella pneumophila in aerosols: effect of relative humidity. PMID- 7373094 TI - Homemaker home health aide service. PMID- 7373093 TI - Chemotherapy of prostatic cancer. PMID- 7373090 TI - Activation of human neutrophil metabolism by streptolysin O. AB - The effect of streptolysin O on the metabolic activity of human neutrophils was examined. Streptolysin O, within the range of 3 to 75 hemolytic units, stimulated neutrophils to emit light. This chemiluminescence was the result of metabolic activation, as confirmed by oxygen uptake studies and the suppression of chemiluminescence by the metabolic inhibitor, 2-deoxyglucose. Free cholesterol, which prevents streptolysin O from binding to membrane cholesterol, blocked the neutrophil chemiluminescent response to streptolysin O. Extracellular calcium ions were necessary for the streptolysin O-stimulated chemiluminescent response of neutrophils. Some cell viability was lost, as measured by trypan blue uptake and neutrophil lysis within the range of streptolysin O concentration that caused metabolic stimulation. These observations suggest a possible role for streptolysin O as a pathogenic factor in streptococcal infections. PMID- 7373096 TI - [Studies on our modified radical hysterectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373095 TI - [Long-term follow-up of gastric cancer as investigated from sex and age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373097 TI - [Long term survival of brain metastasis by radiation therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373098 TI - [Influences of an inhibitor of cell surface enzymes on the functions of human lymphocytes:effects of an aminopeptidase inhibitor (Bestatin) on pokeweed mitogen induced immunoglobulin production by human lymphocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373099 TI - [Clinicopathological and ultrastructural studies on medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373100 TI - [The effect of changes of body position on the standard lead electrocardiogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373101 TI - [Plasma catecholamine concentration in various types of hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373102 TI - [Familial chronic thyroiditis and its similarity to myotonic dystrophy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373104 TI - [A case report of pheochromocytoma with periodic fluctuations of blood pressure, electrocardiographic findings and plasma catecholamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373103 TI - [A case of primary alveolar hypoventilation with diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373105 TI - [A case of prolidase deficiency with leg ulcers, hypoparathyroidism and imidodipeptiduria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373106 TI - Bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 7373107 TI - The diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 7373108 TI - The medical management of infective endocarditis. PMID- 7373109 TI - The role of surgical therapy for bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 7373110 TI - Half-vast blocks. I. PMID- 7373111 TI - L'illusion de Capgras--syndrome or phenomenon? PMID- 7373113 TI - A clinical approach to the choice of antimicrobial therapy, Case Number 15: Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 7373112 TI - Regeneration of organs in animals and humans. PMID- 7373114 TI - Femoro-infrapopliteal bypass: an alternative approach for limb salvage. PMID- 7373115 TI - Physician, you're losing. PMID- 7373116 TI - Percutaneous needle biopsy of pulmonary masses. PMID- 7373117 TI - Clinical approach to the choice of antimicrobial therapy, case No. 17: septic arthritis. PMID- 7373118 TI - Hypercalcemia in malignancy. PMID- 7373119 TI - Maxillectomy via a temporal approach. (A new technique). AB - A new technique for a surgical approach to the pterygo-maxillary fossa and its associated anatomical structures, which has been used in eight cases since October 1977, is described. It has been found to have considerable advantages over other techniques, especially irradiated patients. PMID- 7373120 TI - Surgical anatomy of the tympanic nerve. PMID- 7373121 TI - The bacterial etiology of acute suppurative otitis media. PMID- 7373122 TI - Middle ear effusion and sinusitis. AB - The present investigation comprises a retrospective and a prospective study on children with middle ear effusion (MEE). It is shown that, in the majority of patients, middle ear effusion was found in combination with an infective disease of other parts of the upper respiratory system, especially in the maxillary sinuses. Lavage of the infected sinuses resulted in resolution of the middle ear effusion in about 85 per cent of the cases, while adenoidectomy, in patients in whom adenoid enlargement was found together with middle ear effusion, had only a minor effect. PMID- 7373123 TI - Vocal nodules in Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 7373124 TI - Laryngopyocele with a report of three cases. AB - Laryngoceles are classified into three types: internal, external or combined. If complicated with infection, laryngopyocele develops, often with dramatic symptoms. Three cases of laryngopyocele are reported. Aetiology, symptomatology and treatment are discussed. It is recommended that all laryngoceles producing symptoms be removed through an external incision and, if necessary through a laryngofissure. PMID- 7373125 TI - Ectopic thyroid gland in the submandibular region. AB - A rare case of an ectopic thyroid gland appearing as a submandibular mass in a 30 year-old female patient is presented. Special emphasis is placed on the origin, unusual location, functioning status, pathology and diagnostic problems created by this interesting case. PMID- 7373126 TI - Septic erosion of the internal carotid artery. A case report. AB - A case of pseudo-aneurysm of the internal carotid artery with arterio-venous fistula formation, involvement of the vagus and sympathetic nerves and proptosis is described. The diagnostic features are stressed, namely: recurrent minor haemorrhages from the nose and throat, a Horner's Syndrome, a swelling resembling a quinsy and involvement of the last four cranial nerves. Early diagnosis and immediate ligation are essential in these cases. PMID- 7373127 TI - Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma of the head and neck. AB - Primary fibrosarcoma of the neck is uncommon; radiation-induced similar lesions are rare. They might start as irradiation fibromatosis akin to extraabdominal desmoids, but they tend to kill by local invasion rather than by distant dissemination. The literature has been briefly reviewed with a short discussion of clinical and pathological features of both the primary (de novo) and the secondary (radiation-induced) types of fibrosarcoma. Two cases of post irradiation fibrosarcoma of the neck are presented. PMID- 7373128 TI - Extracranial neurilemmomata of the head and neck. AB - Whilst it is to be appreciated that a neurilemmoma is an uncommon type of tumour, it is a diagnostic possibility which must be considered whe one is faced with the management of a patient with a mass involving any part of the head and neck. It should be stressed that the diagnosis is not usually evident after extensive clinical and special investigations but is usually made retrospectively after histological examination of the excised surgical specimen. PMID- 7373129 TI - Histologic changes in the ageing spiral tract. AB - To investigate the influence of ageing on the morphology of the bottom of the internal auditory meatus, we analysed 150 undecalcified pyramids of human temporal bones. In most of the histologic sections examined, we found pointed bony spicules in the region of the spiral tract. These develop from layers of active and resting osteoid, reach their final morphologic shape in the fourth decade of life and then protrude into the internal auditory meatus, compressing the cochlear nerve fibers. PMID- 7373130 TI - Congenital cholesteatoma. Preservation of cochlear function after extensive labyrinthine destruction. AB - A patient with a large congenital cholesteatoma of the left temporal bone is presented. The case is unique in that, although the cholestetoma invaded all three semicircular as well as the basal coil of the cochlea, the patient retained normal hearing. She had an almost complete left-sided facial paralysis, yet she retained sensori-neural hearing postoperatively, in spite of removal of the superior part of the labyrinth (semicircular canals and utricle). The possible mechanisms behind such an unusual event are discussed together with the possible function of the utriculo-endolymphatic valve. PMID- 7373133 TI - Regional node involvement and distant metastases in carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. AB - Of 624 cases of carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses the presence or absence of metastasis to the regional nodes or to distant sites was recorded. Regional nodes were involved in 14.3 per cent, varying according to site and histological type. Disseminated metastases were found in 1.6 per cent. The prognosis for those with involved nodes was severely reduced, and for those with distant metastases it was negligible. This bleak outlook should be considered when treatment is being planned. PMID- 7373132 TI - Maternal rubella and hearing impairment in children (considerations in 66 cases). PMID- 7373131 TI - Experimental production of cholesteatoma in rabbits by using non-irritants (skin tolerants). AB - The application of various skin tolerant substances to the postero-superior and antero-inferior aspects of the external auditory canal of the rabbit, with an intact ear drum and middle ear, produced cholesteatomas in the skin of the auditory canal and in the tympanic membrane, particularly in the pars flaccida. At the antero-inferior insertion of the tympanic membrane, however, cholesteatoma growth could not be induced in these animal experiments. In severe diffuse otitis externa, secondary to the operative closure of the external auditory canal, cholesteatomas also develop preferentially in the pars flaccida. The relatively thick, loose intermediate layer of connective tissue allows a rapid expansion of epithelial ridges, thus favouring the formation of cholesteatoma in this region. PMID- 7373135 TI - Retropharyngeal lipoma. PMID- 7373134 TI - Superficial cerebral venous thrombosis following mastoid surgery. PMID- 7373136 TI - Carcinoma of the oesophagus in an eight-year-old child. PMID- 7373137 TI - Hyoid bone fracture with pharyngeal lacerations. AB - Four cases of hyoid bone fracture with laceration of the pharynx are presented. The emergency treatment must aim at an exploration of the neck in an attempt to suture the lacerations of the pharyngeal mucosa. The fractured hyoid bone may be left untouched in most cases. The most common causes of fractures of the hyoid bone were previously considered to be violent strangulation and hanging. In the last two decades, however, road accidents seem to have become the most important cause in patients who survive the initial impact of collision. The biodynamics of injury to the pharynx and larynx in road accidents have been adequately described by Nahum and Siegel (1967). The concluded that the driver was the most frequent victim and the steering wheel was the object with which the neck most commonly collides. It is very easy to miss a fractured hyoid bone during the urgent admission of a patient injured in a traffic accident, since the more dramatic injuries are treated first and a treacheostomy is often performed to provide an airway. PMID- 7373139 TI - The learning disabled student in a college environment: a report of Wright State University's program. PMID- 7373138 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck. PMID- 7373140 TI - Eye movement patterns in dyslexic children. PMID- 7373141 TI - Measuring perceptual skills that are related to the learning task. PMID- 7373142 TI - The short-term memory ability of children with learning disabilities. PMID- 7373143 TI - Repetition of time-altered sentences by normal and learning disabled children. PMID- 7373144 TI - Biasing of hyperkinetic behavior ratings by diagnostic reports: effects of observer training and assessment method. PMID- 7373145 TI - Reading comprehension and perception of sequentially organized patterns: intramodal and cross-modal comparisons. PMID- 7373147 TI - Diagnostic evaluation of writing skills. PMID- 7373146 TI - Spelling patterns of normal readers. PMID- 7373148 TI - Task analysis, handwriting, and process-based instruction. PMID- 7373149 TI - The disabled reader: forgive us our regressions and lead us not into expectations. PMID- 7373150 TI - The psychiatric aspects of sports and fitness. PMID- 7373151 TI - Tetanus--a case for Maine. PMID- 7373152 TI - What is a psychiatrist? PMID- 7373153 TI - Clinical pharmacy--the emerging role of the hospital pharmacist in medical care. PMID- 7373155 TI - Combination chemotherapy of hairy cell leukemia with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone. PMID- 7373154 TI - Prazosin (minipress): a review. PMID- 7373156 TI - "Inside-out and bottom-up". A philosophy of facial reconstruction revisited. PMID- 7373157 TI - Vascular thrombosis in the upper extremity. A case report implicating a relationship between trauma, oral contraceptives, and smoking. PMID- 7373159 TI - Purification of phospholipase B from Penicillium notatum by hydrophobic chromatography on palmitoyl cellulose. AB - Phospholipase B (lysolecithin acyl-hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.5) from the mycelia of Penicillium notatum (Institute for Fermentation, Osaka, Japan; No.4640) was adsorbed from a crude solution to palmitoyl cellulose. Adsorption was efficient at pH 4 at low ionic strength (10 mM buffer), and at pH 4-9 at higher ionic strength (1-2M NaCl in 10 mM buffer). The adsorbed enzyme was eluted from the cellulose with a suitable detergent, such as Adekatol SO-120, Triton X-100, or deoxycholate. As an application of this procedure, the enzyme was purified from an extract of the mycelia by column chromatography on a palmitoylated textile (palmitoylated gauze) with an overall recovery of 59% and a 38-fold increase in specific activity. By subsequent column chromatographies on Amberlite XAD-2, Sephadex G-100 and G-150, and DEAE-Sephadex A-50, the enzyme was purified about 4,000-fold to a nearly homogeneous state from a mycelium extract with an overall recovery of 37%. PMID- 7373158 TI - Changes in fatty acid composition of myelin cerebrosides after treatment of the developing rat with methylmercury chloride and diethylmercury. AB - Suckling rats were exposed to methylmercury chloride or diethylmercury in order to induce chronic sublethal intoxication during the period of active myelination. Doses of 5 mg Hg/kg body weight were injected every second day from 5-25 days of age. The rats were killed at 27-28 days of age, and the brains contained about 1 microgram Hg/g wet weight. No changes in brain weight, myelin content of proteins or phospholipids were found, whereas the cholesterol and galactolipid levels were slightly reduced. The most significant change observed was a decrease in the ratio between alpha-hydroxy fatty acid and the nonsubstituted fatty acid in the myelin cerebrosides. The biochemical changes were less pronounced in the animals given diethylmercury than in animals receiving methylmercury. PMID- 7373160 TI - Competitive inhibition of side chain oxidation of 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid by 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta cholestan-26-oic acid in the hamster. AB - 3 alpha,7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid (DHCA) and 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid (THCA) are metabolized into chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid, respectively, through oxidation and cleavage of the terminal three carbons of the side chain. The present study was designed to determine if the same or different side chain oxidation systems are used by these compounds in the bile fistula hamster model. Although a single injection of [3H]THCA is nearly completely metabolized into cholic acid, only about 50% is converted into cholic acid when THCA is infused at a rate of 0.083 mumol/min. The remainder is excreted in the bile unchanged indicating saturation of the side chain oxidation system. Fifty-nine +/- 1.1% (+/- 1SEM) of a single injection of [3H]DHCA is metabolized into chenodeoxycholic acid in bile fistula hamsters infused with either saline or cholic acid at a rate of 0.083 mumol/min. The remainder was excreted as several other metabolic products including cholic acid. However, when [3H]DHCA was administered during an 0.083 mumol/min infusion of THCA, only 39.0 +/- 4.5% of the radioactivity in bile was identified as chenodeoxycholic acid. Thus, this study indicates that DHCA and THCA share at least one of the enzymes involved in side chain oxidation. PMID- 7373161 TI - Effect of cecum and appendix on 7 alpha-dehydroxylation and 7 beta-epimerization of chenodeoxycholic acid in the rabbit. AB - The effect of surgical removal of cecum and appendix on bile acid metabolism was studied in the rabbit. Bile acid composition of bile and intestinal contents were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and individual bile acids were further identified by mass spectrometry. In normal, intact rabbits (group I), the biliary bile acids consisted largely of deoxycholic acid (DA) 95.3 +/- 1.0 (mean +/- SE) %; cholic acid (CA) 2.3 +/- 1.1% and lithocholic acid (LA) 1.0 +/- 0.3% were also detected. Removal of cecum and appendix (group II) produced significant changes in biliary bile acid composition: DA fell to 58.3 +/- 31.8%, CA rose to 37.7 +/- 10.4%, and LA was barely detectable (0.3 +/- 0.1%). Administration of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDA), 125 mg/day, produced severe hepatotoxicity, reduced food intake, and produced weight loss (group III). Biliary LA rose to 15.0 +/- 1.3%, while DA was 61.3 +/- 14.0% and CDA 21.8 +/- 14.6% of total biliary bile acids. Feeding CDA to animals without cecum and appendix (group IV) resulted in a slight increase of LA (3.2 +/- 2.2%) compared to group III, and appreciable amounts of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDA) 32.0 +/- 9.8% and of 7-ketolithocholic acid (7-KLA) 3.0 +/- 0.6% appeared in bile. The animals of group IV exhibited no hepatotoxicity and ate and gained weight normally. These results indicate that the microbial population of cecum and appendix is active in 7alpha dehydroxylation of primary bile acids and that removal of these organs results in an increased formation of UDA by an unknown mechanism.-Yahiro, K., T. Setoguchi, and T. Katsuki. Effect of cecum and appendix on 7alpha-dehydroxylation and 7beta epimerization of chenodeoxycholic acid in the rabbit. PMID- 7373162 TI - Diacyl, alkenyl, and alkyl ether phospholipids in ejaculated, in utero-, and in vitro-incubated porcine spermatozoa. AB - The phospholipids of porcine spermatozoa were analyzed by a hydrolytic procedure directly after ejaculation, and after incubation for 120 min in vitro or in ligated uterine segments of females with induced estrus. Total phospholipid content of ejaculated sperm was 65.7 micro g lipid P per 10(9) sperm, of which 41% was alkyl ether and 23% was alkenyl ether glycerophospholipid. All of the ether phospholipids were choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids. In order of decreasing amount (% of total phospholipid), the phospholipids were choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (49.9 and 28.2), sphingolipid (10.6), cardiolipin (5.5), phosphatidylinositol (2.3), phosphatidic acid (1.5), phosphatidylserine (1.2), and phosphatidylglycerol (0.8). Phosphorus-containing sphingolipid separated into two components during thin-layer chromatography. Sphingosine was the only long-chain base identified in either band. Major fatty acids in the band with lower R(f) were 16:0 (56%), 20:0 (23%), and 18:0 (11%) plus smaller amounts of 14:0, 18:1, and 22:0, while those in the band with higher R(f) were 14:0 (30%), 16:0 (45%), and 18:1 (12%) plus smaller amounts of 18:0, 20:0, and 22:0. Choline was the only water-soluble base present in the lower R(f) sphingomyelin while ethanolamine was prevalent in the higher R(f) component. Incubation of washed spermatozoa in Ca(2+)-free Ringer-fructose at 37 degrees C for 2 hr produced no significant change in the level of any of the phospholipids. Incubation of washed sperm in the uterus for 2 hr, in the presence of oviductal secretions, produced an increase in phosphatidylcholine from 7.2 to 10.2 micro g lipid P per 10(9) sperm.-Evans, R. W., D. E. Weaver, and E. D. Clegg. Diacyl, alkenyl, and alkyl ether phospholipids in ejaculated, in utero-, and in vitro incubated porcine spermatozoa. PMID- 7373163 TI - Kinetic studies of the transfer of esterified cholesterol between human plasma low and high density lipoproteins. AB - In vitro incubations (6 hr at 37 degrees C) of human low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL), and lipoprotein-free plasma revealed no significant net mass transfers of esterified cholesterol from either lipoprotein fraction to the other. Transfers of esterified [3H]cholesterol from LDL to HDL must therefore have represented a process of molecular exchange between the two fractions. In molar terms, the exchange increased with increasing incubation concentrations of LDL regardless of whether the HDL was increased in parallel, decreased, or kept constant. In direct contrast, with LDL kept constant, an increase in the concentration of HDL resulted in a decrease in the molar rate of exchange of esterified cholesterol between LDL and HDL. The data were then fitted to a mathematical model describing a physical model in which an esterified cholesterol transfer protein circulates in the plasma, interacting with lipoprotein particles into which it deposits and from which it picks up esterified cholesterol molecules. According to this model, to which the experimental data fit extremely well, the transfer protein had a much greater affinity for HDL than for LDL in a transfer process that was readily saturable by HDL but not by LDL. PMID- 7373164 TI - A simplified procedure for the preparation of 2,3-O-isopropylidene-sn-glycerol from L-arabinose. AB - A new procedure for the preparation of 2,3-O-isopropylidene-sn-glycerol is described. L-arabinose is converted to its 4,5-monoisopropylidene diethyl mercaptal derivative. This compound is then subjected to periodate oxidation and borohydride reduction. Following neutralization, the aceton-glycerol is extracted from the aqueous solution into chloroform. Evaporation of the chloroform and subsequent distillation yielded pure 2,3-O-isopropylidene-sn-glycerol ([alpha]D22 = -14.5 degrees (in substance)) in an overall yield of 15-25%. PMID- 7373166 TI - Clinicopathological conference. PMID- 7373165 TI - Use of a simple enzymatic assay for cholesterol analysis in human bile. AB - An enzymatic technique for cholesterol analysis in serum was applied to human bile. The analytical yield was very satisfactory in experiments in which known amounts of cholesterol were added to untreated, as well as Millipore-filtered, samples of human bile. The analytical results of the enzymatic test agreed closely with those of a method utilizing the Liebermann-Burchard reaction. The enzymatic assay of cholesterol in bile proved to be sensitive and precise. In comparison to other methods of biliary cholesterol determination, it has the advantage of being rapid and simple. PMID- 7373168 TI - The seriously burned adult: psychologic reactions, recovery, and management. PMID- 7373167 TI - Use of eye bank sclera in plastic and reconstructive surgery. PMID- 7373170 TI - Vasodilator therapy of chronic congestive heart failure. PMID- 7373169 TI - Reconciling the antitrust laws and the health care laws. PMID- 7373171 TI - Current management of nonseminomatous testis tumors. PMID- 7373172 TI - Current trends in dermatology. PMID- 7373173 TI - Calculi in a non-functioning kidney. PMID- 7373174 TI - A third-party perspective on health care costs. PMID- 7373176 TI - Report of some of the effects of Georgia's new civil commitment law on patients in a private psychiatric hospital. PMID- 7373175 TI - The paradox of pharmaceutical advertising. PMID- 7373178 TI - Potassium-rich foods - do they do the hypertensive patient any good? PMID- 7373177 TI - What to do and not to do in the emergency treatment of mentally ill persons. PMID- 7373179 TI - Evaluation of the abnormal PAP smear - colposcopy or conization? PMID- 7373181 TI - Hospital lab responds to computer prescription. PMID- 7373180 TI - Relief of sickle cell anemia pain. PMID- 7373182 TI - A comparison, U.S. and Alabama infant mortality: secular trends in cause-specific mortality. PMID- 7373183 TI - Serum cortisol level in Thai hemorrhagic fevers. PMID- 7373184 TI - Split--hand and split--foot deformity report of a family with 16 affected individuals in three generations. PMID- 7373185 TI - The standard values of expiratory flow rates in Thai students of Bangkok municipal schools. PMID- 7373186 TI - Evaluation of skin testing in children with penicillin hypersensitivity. PMID- 7373187 TI - Electro--diagnostic studies in cobra--bite patients. PMID- 7373188 TI - Allopurinol associated hypersensitivity. PMID- 7373189 TI - Transection of left main bronchus secondary to blunt chest trauma, a case report. PMID- 7373190 TI - Cardiac herniation resulting from severe chest trauma: a case report. PMID- 7373191 TI - The effect of blood on lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio and rapid surfactant test. PMID- 7373193 TI - Stable programming for map orientation in fused eye fragments in Xenopus. AB - Compound eyes were formed in Xenopus embryos at stages 32/33 by fusion in the right orbit of (1) two right naso-ventral halves, (2) two right ventral halves, (3) two right temporo-ventral halves, (4) one right and one left naso-ventral half and (5) one right and one left temporo-ventral half. The contralateral visuotectal projections from the operated eyes later showed abnormalities reflecting the anatomical arrangement of the fused fragments. The experiments thus revealed considerable stability of the developmental programme leading to the later development of map orientation, in the face of operative disturbance of the types used. PMID- 7373194 TI - Stable programming for map orientation in disarranged embryonic eyes in Xenopus. AB - In Xenopus embryos of stage 32/33 either the temporal or nasal half of the right eye anlage was replaced by a corresponding left half, giving a right eye in which the grafted half was inverted dorsoventrally. In other embryos either the dorsal or ventral half of the right eye anlage was replaced by a corresponding left half, giving an eye in which the grafted half was reversed nasotemporally. These foud types of operation were intended to produce eyes that were disarranged internally but which each had a complete range of positional values. The visuotectal projections from such eyes, recorded later in life, in most cases showed axial reversal of half of the map, reflecting the nature of the operation. The results thus demonstrate that the developmental programme in each of the fused retinal fragments is stable in relation to the eventual orientation of the map from that fragment. Operations to produce eyes with an inverted temporal half, if performed in operating solution of low ionic strength, may result in mirror reduplication and the formation of double nasal maps. It is suggested that this phenomenon may underlie previous reports of reprogramming of one eye fragment by another. PMID- 7373192 TI - Evidence of prostaglandin involvement in blastocyst implantation. AB - Delayed-implantation mice were used to test for local implantation induction effects of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha. Evidence of implantation was gathered by microdissection of implantation sites and by scanning electron microscopy. Indomethacin was tested for the ability to interfere with the mechanisms of estrogen-induced, normal implantation. Both prostaglandins appear to have significant effect inducing implantation when applied locally in the uterine lumen, PGE2 being more effective than PGF2 alpha. The indomethacin clearly has a blocking effect on normal implantation. However, indomethacin appears only partially able to prevent the morphological changes indicative of the trophoblast cell transformation. PMID- 7373197 TI - Embryonic axis orientation in the mouse and its correlation with blastocyst relationships to the uterus. Part 1. Relationships between 82 hours and 4 1/4 days. AB - Up until at least 7 1/4 days p.c., the orientation of all axes in the mouse conceptus, embryonic axis included, is directly correlated with two orientations of the 82 h blastocyst within the lumen. These two are: the almost horizontal position of the blastocyst's inner cell mass-abembryonic pole axis and the fixation of its abembryonic pole to either the right wall of the uterine horn (type-R orientation) or to the left (type-L orientation). At 88 h and at 4 1/4 and 6 3/4 - 7 1/4 days equal numbers of conceptuses are found in type R and L orientations. Axes of symmetry also are recognizable in some developmentally advanced 82 h blastocysts and in all older conceptuses. For example, when the inner cell mass-abembryonic axis has become vertically oriented within the lumen by 4 1/4 days, the inner cell mass is oblique to this axis. It is concluded that the 82 h blastocyst's orientation to the uterine walls and floor provides it with positional information used in the location of its axes. PMID- 7373195 TI - Sulfated proteoglycan accumulation during development of the embryonic chick limb bud studied by electron microscopic autoradiography. AB - Cartilage cells are characterized by a high concentration of extracellular sulfated proteoglycan. Electron microscopic autoradiography was used to compare the incorporation of sulfate into proteoglycan by limb-bud chondrogenic and myogenic cells. From stage 19 to stage 21 there was no significant difference between the cartilage- and muscle-forming regions in the number of silver grains over either the extracellular space or the intracellular space. From stage 22 to 25 the number of extracellular silver grains was significantly greater in the chondrogenic region than in the myogenic region, but the number of intracellular silver grains was the same. Since most of the silver grains were intracellular, no significant difference in the total number of grains was found between the two tissues. Stage-26 and -27 embryos showed a significantly greater number of silver grains over both the cells and the extracellular space in the cartilage region than in the muscle region. Thus, the first step of cartilage differentiation involves a decrease in the extracellular deposition of sulfated proteoglycan in the myogenic region rather than an increase in deposition in the chondrogenic region between stage 22 and 25. After stage 25 there is an increase in sulfated proteoglycan synthesis in the chondrogenic region to the myogenic region. PMID- 7373196 TI - Histochemistry of the developing notochord, perichordal sheath and vertebrae in Danforth's short-tail (sd) and normal C57BL/6 mice. AB - The development of the notochord, perichordal sheath and vertebrae was studied in C57BL/6 and Danforth's short-tail (Sd) mutant mice on days 9-14 of gestation, using histochemical stains to detect possible extracellular matrix (ECM) components or precursors. Stains used were periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) after diastase treatment (glycoproteins, neutral polysaccharides) and alcian blue (glycosaminoglycans). Embryos from C57BL/6Sfd mice were analyzed to establish a normal baseline. In 9-day normal (C57BL/6Sfd; +/+) embryos the notochord is an uninterrupted structure and contains PAS-positive, diastase-resistant granules, whereas in abnormals (Sd/+; Sd/Sd) the notochord is discontinuous and exhibits few, if any, granules. A notochordal sheath is present in normal and abnormal embryos on day 10 and stains with PAS, alcian blue and aniline blue; subsequently, it increases in thickness in normal, but not defective, embryos. In normal embryos, the notochord shows dilatations, and notochordal cells become vacuolated from 13 to 14 days. In contrast, the notochordal fragments of abnormals never develop dilatations, nor do the cells vacuolate. Organization of mesenchymal cells into specific patterns is observed initially in 11-day normal embryos; further mesenchymal organization into vertebral and intervertebral disc analgen occurs during days 13-14. In abnormal embryos, disturbance of mesenchymal cell organization is evident as early as day 11, and by day 12 aberrant patterns of organization have emerged. Mesenchymal cells of abnormal embryos also lack the typical distribution of PAS-positive, diastase-resistant granules that occurs in normal speciments. The possible relationship of these granules in notochordal and mesenchymal cells to ECM materials is discussed. PMID- 7373199 TI - Development of the chick embryo mesoblast: pronephros, lateral plate, and early vasculature. AB - The early development of the mesoblast in the intermediate and lateral regions of the chick embryo was examined with the scanning and transmission electron microscope. It was found that primary mesenchyme here becomes condenses into epithelial structures that emerge in a metameric pattern. Viewed in developmental sequence, the intermediate mesoblast condenses into a narrowing cord of axially oriented cells which divert medially at regular intervals into the intersegmental interfaces of somitomeres and somites. These cells give rise to the vascular channels of the posterior cardinal vein as well as to tubular elements of the pronephros. Intermediate mesenchyme cells become epithelial, forming zonular junctional complexes apically and depositing patchy basal lamina over their basal surfaces. The lateral plate mesenchyme organizes similarly into somatic and splanchnic epithelial sheets that utilize the body coelom as their lumenal surface. Cells of the lateral plate extend filopodia basally that interweave with adjacent cells, fibrillar extracellular matrix, as well as with interstitial bodies. The pattern in the lateral plate is subtly ribbed as bands of mesoblast undulate along the axis. The central region of each band is raised while ther are grooves created along lines of band abutment, corresponding to intersegmental clefts in the paraxial region and reflecting an underlying metameric pattern. These grooves are usually demarked medially by the protrusion of short segments of adjacent intermediate mesoblast. Most of the remaining primary mesenchyme develops into a non-metameric vascular epithelium, which forms a prominent anastamosing plexus between splanchnic mesoderm and endoderm. It is proposed that the emergence of primary mesenchyme into patterened epithelial anlage facilitates the distribution of neural crest cells introduced subsequently. PMID- 7373203 TI - Acetylcholinesterase development in extra cells caused by changing the distribution of myoplasm in ascidian embryos. AB - This research shows that myoplasmic crescent material of the ascidian egg has both functional autonomy and functional specificity in establishing the differentiation pathway of muscle lineage cells. The cytoplasmic segregation pattern in eggs of Styela plicata was altered by compression of the embryos during third cleavage. This caused a meridional division instead of the normal equatorial third cleavage; first and second cleavages are meridional. Since eggs of S. plicata have a pronounced yellow myoplasmic crescent, one observes directly that third cleavage under compression resulted in a flat 8-cell stage with four cells containing yellow myoplasm instead of the two myoplasm-containing cells that would be formed by normal equatorial division at third cleavage. If such altered 8-cell-stage embryos were released from compression and kept from undergoing further divisions by continuous treatment with cytochalasin B, some embryos eventually developed histospecific acetylcholinesterase in three and four cells instead of in just the two muscle lineage cells found in cleavage-arrested normal 8-cell stages. The wider myoplasmic distribution effected by altering the division plane at third cleavage apparently caused a change in developmental fate of the extra cells receiving myoplasm. This meridional third cleavage also resulted in a changed nuclear lineage pattern. Two nuclei that would ordinarily be in ectodermal lineage cells after third cleavage were now associated with yellow myoplasm. Acetylcholinesterase development in these cells demonstrates that nuclear lineages are not responsible for muscle acetylcholinesterase development in the ascidian embryo. PMID- 7373200 TI - Nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions in cell hybrids between mouse oocytes, blastomeres and somatic cells. AB - With the help of the technique of Sendai virus-mediated cell fusion, hybrid cells were produced between two maturing oocytes, between maturing oocytes or mature secondary oocytes and interphase blastomeres from 2-cell embryos, and between secondary oocytes and follicle cells (FC). In the first case giant oocytes form and in these the two groups of condensing bivalents join on a common spindle, undergo a first meiotic division, and become arrested in metaphase II; these hybrids are heterozygous diploids. When blastomeres are fused with oocytes undergoing maturation, then the blastomere nucleus undergoes premature chromosome condensation (PCC), and two sets of chromosomes (meiotic and mitotic) come close to each other but the mitotic chromosomes are not fully incorporated into the meiotic spindle. The behaviour of the nuclei from blastomeres or from follicle cells fused with secondary ovulated oocytes, depends on whether or not the oocyte undergoes activation. When the oocyte is not activated, then the introduced nuclei undergo PCC but the chromosomes remain separate from the spindle of metaphase II. When the oocyte is activated, then the introduced nuclei remain in interphase; the FC nuclei may increase their volume eight times and undergo some other structural changes but during the 6 h period after fusion their appearance remains distinct from that of the female pronucleus. Since some oocytes are not activated after fusion has occurred, it follows that the fusion process itself is not sufficient to trigger egg activation. PMID- 7373204 TI - On the role of germ cells in planarian regeneration. I. A karyological investigation. AB - Specimens from a polyploid biotype of Dugesia lugubris s.l. were used to clarify the role and fate of germ cells during planarian regeneration. These specimens provide a useful karyological marker because embryonic and somatic cells (3n = 12) can be easily distinguished from male (2n = 8) and female (6n = 24) germ cells by their chromosome number. We succeed in demonstrating how primordial germ cells participate in blastema formation and take part in rebuilding somatic tissues. This evidence was obtained by cutting each planarian specimen twice at appropriate levels. The first aimed to induce primordial germ cells to migrate to the wound. The second cut was performed after complete regeneration and aimed to obtain a blastema from a cephalic or caudal area devoid of gonads. A karyological analysis of mitotic cells present in each blastema obtained after the second cut provided evidence that cells, originally belonging to the germ lines, are still present in somatic tissues even months after complete regeneration. The role of primordial germ cells in planarian regeneration was finally discussed in relation to the phenomenon of metaplasia or transdifferentiation. PMID- 7373198 TI - Fine structure of the lumbosacral neural folds in the mouse embryo. AB - The neural folds in the lumbosacral region of the normal 8-day and 9-day mouse embryo were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy with and without lanthanum treatment. The cells showed an abundance of ribosomes, microtubules arranged parallel to the long axes of the cells, and microfilaments extending across the apices. At the luminal border junctional complexes were common, and an occasional midbody was seen stretching between adjacent cells nearing the end of telophase. In the 8-day embryos, gap junctional vesicles (annular nexuses) bounded by layered membranes and containing cytoplasm with ribosome-like material were commonly observed; at 9 days the vesicles were relatively rare. The lanthanum-treated material demonstrated that the tracer was able to pass through the subluminal junctional complexes and throughout the intercellular spaces. However, the space between the membranes of the gap junctional vesicles lacked lanthanum and thus apparently did not communicate with the intercellular space. PMID- 7373201 TI - Differential mitosis and degeneration patterns in relation to the alterations in the shape of the embryonic ectoderm of early post-implantation mouse embryos. AB - The shape of the embryonic ectoderm of early post-implantation mouse embryos changes greatly in the period of 6.2-7.3 days post coitum. The subcellular morphology of the embryonic ectoderm remains unchanged, except in the primitive streak region. Cell kinetics differ between ectodermal regions. These differences may be related to the changes in the shape of the ectoderm. The increase in cell number in the lateral ectoderm (the prospective surface ectoderm) exceeds that in the frontal ectoderm (the future neurectoderm). This is not due to differences in the duration of the cell cycle. It can be explained, however, by the occurence of different relative numbers of dividing and non-dividing cells. These numbers vary between the two regions. The percentage of non-dividing cells in the frontal ectoderm may reach 45, whereas in the lateral ectoderm this percentage is not higher than 15. Autoradiography in tritiated thymidine-treated embryos combined with the mitotic indices gave us all of the parameters necessary to present a model capable of clarifying the growth of the ectoderm during gastrulation, as well as the changes in the shape of the ectoderm. PMID- 7373202 TI - Estrogen target cells in gonads of the chicken embryo during sexual differentiation. AB - Estrogen target cells were searched for in the differentiating gonads of the chicken embryo in order (1) to establish at the cellular level that steroid hormones can play a physiological role in gonadal sexual differentiation, and (2) to localize their sites of action. An autoradiographic technique carried out with frozen sections was employed to demonstrate the presence of binding sites for radiolabelled hormone in the nuclei of the target cells. Target cells for [3H]estradiol are found similarly in gonads of both male and female embryos from 5 1/2 (stage 27 of H and H) to 7 days of incubation. Estrogen target cells are observed in the germinal epithelium of the left but not the right gonad, and in the medulla of both the right and left gonads. In the medulla, numerous cells inside the cords are a target for estradiol. The germ cells, difficult to identify unmistakably in the experimental conditions, do not seem to be a target for estrogen hormones. A 100-fold excess of unlabelled estradiol abolishes the nuclear labelling, which is only slightly reduced after a similar excess of unlabelled dihydrotestosterone. It is concluded that the nuclear binding sites have a limited capacity for steroid hormones and are specific for estrogen hormones. The lack of clear and consistent nuclear labelling after [3H]dihydrotestosterone injection confirms the specificity of the [3H]estradiolnuclear labelling. At day 10 of incubation, only the undifferentiated remnant of the germinal epithelium in the left testis still displays labelled cells after [3H]estradiol injection. These observations confirm the determinative role currently ascribed to the estrogen hormones in the cortical differentiation, but they also emphasize that this role extends to the medulla of both gonads. In light of this presence of estrogen receptor sites in the medullary cords as well as in the germinal epithelium, one can assign the estrogen hormones more specific and diversified roles than currently believed. These roles also appear very precocious in the process of gonadal differentiation. Finally, the absence of target cells for estrogen hormones in the germinal epithelium of the right gonad accounts for the lack of cortical differentiation on the right side. PMID- 7373205 TI - Specification of retinotectal connexions during development of the toad Xenopus laevis. AB - The specification of central connexions of retinal ganglion cells was studied in Xenopus laevis. In one series of experiments, the right eye primordium was rotated 180 degrees at embryonic stages 24-32. In the other series, the left eye was transplanted into the right orbit, and vice versa, with either 0 degrees or 180 degrees rotation. After metamorphosis the visual projections from the operated eye to the contralateral optic tectum were mapped electrophysiologically and compared with the normal retinotectal map. In all cases the visual projection map was rotated through the same angle as was indicated by the position of the choroidal fissure. The left eye exchanged into the right orbit retained its original axes and projected to the contralateral tectum. These results suggest that retinal ganglion cell connexions are specified before stage 24. PMID- 7373206 TI - An experimental analysis of somite segmentation in the chick embryo. AB - In a previous paper it was suggested that collagen fibrils play an important role in the process of somite segmentation. This paper was designed mainly to test that concept. In one series of experiments, embryos were treated with either alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl or L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, which are analogues that interfere with the formation of normal collagen. The reagents led to a reduction in the numbers of somites that formed, as well as to the production of other anomalies such as overall diminution in size and retardation. The older the embryo at the time of treatment, the further posteriorly were the major anomalies located. It is concluded that these results lend some support to the concept. In a second series of experiments an incision was made along one side of the neural tube and notochord to separate it from the segmental plate on one side. The result was that many more somites formed on the unoperated (control) side of the embryo than on the operated side. It is concluded that these results also lend support to the concept; but that they are of interest also in relation to the mechanisms involved in the control of somite numbers. In a third group of experiments, attempts were made to obtain somites in the absence of endoderm. Although this was not possible using surgery, it was achieved by treating the young embryos with U.V. irradiation. It was concluded that the presence of endoderm is not essential for the segmentation of mesoderm. PMID- 7373207 TI - Feeding motor programme in Limax. II. Modulation by sensory inputs in intact animals and isolated central nervous systems. AB - The sources of variability in feeding motor programme (FMP) of the terrestrial slug, Limax maximus, were examined in relation to: (1) changes in load on the feeding apparatus; (2) changes in concentration of attractive food stimuli; and (3) changes in satiety signalled by feedback from the gut. These sources of variability, which affect both timing of the central pattern generator for feeding and probability of occurrence of FMP, were compared in intact animals and in isolated brain preparations. The load on feeding apparatus of intact animals is altered by varying the hardness of their food. An animal will show a higher 'bite cycle' frequency on soft food as compared with hard food. In physiological preparations, weights attached to buccal muscles similarly increase load. Cycle frequency of FMP triggered by food extracts is increased when buccal muscles are unloaded compared with FMP when muscles are loaded. Increasing the chemostimulant concentration of food results in greater numbers of intact animals feeding for longer periods. Increasing the food extract concentration used to trigger FMP in physiological preparations causes similar increases in feeding duration. Intact animals use cues from gut distention to indicate satiation and terminate feeding. Inflation of the crop in physiological preparations causes an early termination of feeding activity, along with decreased FMP cycle frequency. PMID- 7373208 TI - Nervous control of the heartbeat in octopus. AB - The circulatory system of cephalopods is based on a trio of hearts, with two pairs of associated ganglia linked to the CNS by a pair of visceral nerves. The beat of the hearts was recorded from free-moving octopuses before and after surgical removal or disconnexion of elements of the nervous system. Severing the visceral nerves does not stop the hearts, which continue to beat in a powerful well co-ordinated manner in isolation from the CNS. The nerves seem to be concerned in raising the cardiac output in exercise, and with stopping the hearts when mantle movements cease, but they are not necessary for the initiation of maintenance of the normal rhythm. Removal of the fusiform ganglia severs all nervous connexions between the ywo gill hearts, and deprives the systemic heart of its nerve supply. The trio of hearts continues to beat as strongly as before. Removal or disconnexion of a cardiac ganglion disrupts the beat of the corresponding gill heart which now tends to contract in an ill-coordinated and rather feeble manner, though at much the same frequency as before; with both cardiacs gone the systemic heart, which contracts only when it is filled, tends to drop in frequency and the mean aortic pressure falls. The system remains rhythmic, however, and the beat may recover, to the point where aortic pressures and frequencies approach those found in intact animals at rest; even octopuses with both fusiform and both cardiac ganglia removed can survive for many hours. From the performance of the isolated branchial heart, the existence of a pulsating vesicle in each cardiac ganglion, the effects of cardiac ganglion removal and the remarkable steadiness of heartbeat frequency shown by intact animals under a variety of conditions, it is argued that the heartbeat rhythm is normally controlled by pacemakers in the branchial heart/ cardiac ganglion complexes, and perhaps, in intact animals, from within the cardiac ganglia themselves. The picture of the control of the heartbeat that emerges from the study of free moving essentially intact animals is quite different from that arising from in vitro and acute preparation studies. It suggests that the conventional wisdom about the control of the heartbeat in cephalopods (and perhaps by implication, in other molluscs) may need to be considerably revised. PMID- 7373209 TI - Protein synthesis requirement of the Aplysia circadian clock. Tested by active and inactive derivatives of the inhibitor anisomycin. AB - 1. The circadian rhythm of compound action potential frequency recorded from the isolated eye of Aplysia in culture medium and darkness was subjected to 6 h pulse treatments with either anisomycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor, or inactive derivatives of anisomycin. 2. Anisomycin caused phase-dependent phase shifts of the rhythm as expected from previous experiments, but none of the derivative molecules caused phase shifts or perturbed the rhythm. 3. Anisomycin inhibited eye-protein synthesis by 75% at the concentrations (10(-6) M) used in the phase shifting experiments but none of the derivatives inhibited synthesis. 4. Only those molecules that actually inhibited protein synthesis caused phase shifts of the clock, although the inactive derivatives differed from anisomycin by only an acetyl group. 5. The results strengthen the conclusion that the inhibition of protein synthesis caused by anisomycin is important in perturbing the timing of the circadian clock and not some other characteristic effect of the inhibitor molecule. Together with the results from other systems, these findings imply that the daily synthesis of protein is a general requirement for circadian clocks. PMID- 7373210 TI - Spatial egocentrism and the effect of an alternate frame of reference. PMID- 7373216 TI - Central vision in the newborn. PMID- 7373211 TI - Effects of route traveled on the distance estimates of children and adults. PMID- 7373215 TI - Picture superiority in free recall: the effects of organization and elaboration. PMID- 7373214 TI - Children's memory for line orientation: a reexamination of the "oblique effect". PMID- 7373213 TI - Children's use of perceptual set. PMID- 7373212 TI - A developmental study of semantic elaboration and interpretation in recognition memory. PMID- 7373217 TI - Recognition memory in hearing-impaired children: a levels-of-processing approach. PMID- 7373218 TI - Synthesis and release of erythroid colony- and burst-potentiating activities by purified populations of murine peritoneal macrophages. AB - We investigated the effects of murine resident peritoneal macrophages on the in vitro proliferation of erythropoietin (Ep)-sensitive committed precursors colony forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) and burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) with a two-layer cloning system of methylcellulose and semisolid agar. The addition of increasing numbers of macrophages to the agar underlayer resulted in a progressive increase in the numbers of both CFU-E and BFU-E that proliferated in the presence of Ep. CFU-E, but not BFU-E, proliferated to form colonies in the absence Qf exogenously added Ep, and this proliferation was enhanced in a dose dependent fashion by the presence of macrophages in the underlayer. The enhancing effects of a given number of macrophages and a given concentration of Ep were greater than the sum of the individual effects of macrophages and Ep alone. This erythropoietic syngerism was more evident with BFU-E because burst formation was not seen in the absence of exogenously added Ep. Macrophage underlayers stimulated three to five times the number of erythroid bursts seen with Ep alone. Cell-free agar underlayers or agar underlayers prepared with nonadherent peritoneal cells or unseparated cells from thymus, lymph node, or spleen failed to augment Ep- dependent erythroid colony formation. No enhancement of CFU-E or BFU-E was demonstrable after depletion ofadherent cells from peritoneal cell suspensions by passage over columns of Sephadex G-10. Analysis by sedimentation velocity of peritoneal cells confirmed that the cells responsible for elaborating the erythroid-enhancing activity were macrophages on the basis of morphologic, histochemical, and functional criteria. Serum- free media conditioned by macrophages in the absence of Ep contained the erythroid-enhancing activities, which indicated that Ep was not required for the elaboration of these diffusible substances. These studies indicate that although macrophages are not obligate for the growth of erythroid precursors, they serve as an important source of diffusible factors that reduce the in vitro requirement for Ep. PMID- 7373219 TI - Hepatocyte-tumor cell interaction in vitro. I. Conditions for rosette formation and inhibition by anti-H-2 antibody. AB - Murine hepatocytes, isolated by an in situ collagenase-perfusion technique and cultured in Petri dishes, were shown to form rosettes with liver-metastasizing syngeneic tumor cells. Pretreatment of the tumor cells with neuraminidase generally increased the binding, whereas pretreatment of the liver cells with neuraminidase abolished the binding completely. The tumor-cell binding may be mediated by the previously described lectin-like receptor of hepatocytes that also was sensitive to neuraminidase treatment and that bound desialylated cells better than normal cells. Anti-H-2 sera could efficiently inhibit the rosette formation of metastatic tumor cells with the hepatocytes, which points to a possible role of H-2 molecules in this interaction of neoplastic and normal cells. PMID- 7373220 TI - Lymphocyte cooperation is required for amplification of macrophage procoagulant activity. AB - Murine splenic lymphoid cells have been shown to possess basal procoagulant activity. This activity was localized to most macrophages by assay of cell populations, as well as by a direct plaque assay that permitted identification of expressed procoagulant activity of individual viable cells as well as content. Both content and viable expression of procoagulant activity was markedly increased by exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, reaching a maximum after 6 h. The quantitative increase in procoagulant activity content and viable expression was limited to the macrophage population. Separated populations of lymphocytes or macrophages could not be stimulated by lipopolysaccharide to increase procoagulant activity, whereas the addition of lymphocytes to macrophages at a 3-4:1 ratio maximally reconstituted the amplification of procoagulant activity. Further evidence of cellular collaboration followed from observation that only lymphocytes that had been exposed to lipopolysaccharide were capable of triggering the increase in macrophage procoagulant activity. This appears to represent a new form of lymphocyte-macrophage cooperation in an effector pathway that may participate in some forms of immunologic responses and contribute to the phenotypic features of certain immunologic tissue lesions. PMID- 7373221 TI - Recognition of histocompatibility determinants controls reactivity of auto sensitized lymphocytes against neural tissues. AB - Thoracic duct lymphocytes from rats sensitized against syngeneic spinal cord rapidly produce damage in cultures of syngeneic cerebellar cells but coexist indefintely with allogeneic cultures. Lymphocytes from donors that have been sensitized against allogeneic spinal cord attack cultures of syngeneic and specific allogeneic cerebellum but not cells from rats of a third, unrelated strain. PMID- 7373222 TI - Generation of primary cytotoxic lymphocytes against non-major histocompatibility complex antigens by anti-Ia serum plus complement-treated lymphocytes. AB - The results presented in this paper demonstrate that responding cells that remain after anti-Ia serum plus complement (C) treatment generate a highly significant in vitro cytotoxic response against minor histocompatibility complex antigens. The cytotoxic response appears to be antigen specific in that target cells of strains other than the sensitizing strain are not lysed, or lysed to a lesser extent. The cytotoxic cells are susceptible to anti-Thy-1 plus C lysis. Anti-Ia serum may function by removing an unprimed suppressor cell, although other mechanisms cannot be ruled out. PMID- 7373223 TI - T200 cell surface glycoprotein of the mouse. Polymorphism defined by the Ly-5 system of alloantigens. AB - The cell line BW5147, and a mutant T200-negative cell line derived from BW5147, were studed by immunoprecipitation and peptide mapping, with xenogeneic monoclonal anti-T200 serum and with Ly-5 alloantiserum. It appears that the Ly-5 system defines a structural polymorphism of the cell surface glycoprotein T200, and that the monoclonal anti-T200 serum defines a feature of T200 that is common to mice of both Ly-5a and Ly-5b genotypes and may be invariable in the species. PMID- 7373224 TI - Learned helplessness, inactivity, and associative deficits: effects of inescapable shock on response choice escape learning. AB - These experiments explored whether exposure to inescapable shock produces a subsequent deficit in the organism's propensity to associate its behavior with shock termination. Previous experiments are incapable of resolving this question because they confound reduced associability and decreased activity. Four experiments examined the effects of inescapable shock on the acquisition of Y maze escape. Here, escape is accomplished by choosing the correct response from two available alternatives rather than by simple locomotion as in a shuttle box. By itself, reduced activity should not produce inaccurate choices, only slow choices. Experiment 1 found that inescapable shock produced slow learning of the correct choice for escape, even though active choices occurred on every trial. Further, the speed and accuracy of choice were not correlated. The second experiment showed that the choice escape learning deficit was produced by the inescapability of the shocks. Experiment 3 demonstrated that the choice accuracy of inescapably shocked rats was not improved by increases in Y-maze shock intensity, even though speed of responding was increased. The final experiment revealed that the effects of inescapable shock on Y-maze acquisition did not dissipate across a 1-wk period. PMID- 7373226 TI - Second-order appetitive conditioning in goldfish. AB - Second-order appetitive conditioning was studied in a series of experiments on goldfish. The first-order conditioned stimuli were white lines of different orientations projected on a target, the second-order conditioned stimuli were diffuse colors projected on the target, the unconditioned stimulus was liquid food delivered through a nipple at the center of the target, and the measured response was target striking. In the first experiment, sustained second-order conditioning was demonstrated. Evidence of colon-line association then was sought without success in two further experiments--a sensory preconditioning experiment in which second-order pairings preceded the first-order pairings, and a first order revaluation experiment in which responses to second-order stimuli were measured after reversal training with positive and negative first-order stimuli. The stimulus-response reinforcement principle affords the best interpretation of the second-order conditioning demonstrated here: Responding to a second-order stimulus is strengthened by a contiguous first-order stimulus that acquires reinforcing properties on first-order trials. PMID- 7373228 TI - Influence of visual conditioned stimulus characteristics on the form of Pavlovian appetitive conditioned responding in rats. AB - The influence of visual stimulus characteristics on the form of Pavlovian appetitive conditioned responding in rats was examined in three experiments. In Experiment 1, localized conditioned stimuli (CSs evoked behaviors mostly directed toward the CS source, and more diffuse CSs) evoked behaviors mostly directed toward the delivery site of the food unconditioned stimulus (US). In Experiment 2, localized CSs nearer the US delivery site evoked more CS-directed but less US site-directed behaviors than localized CSs farther from the US delivery site. In Experiment 3, the extent to which rats contacted CS sources depended on variation in a number of CS features casually described as affecting the feasibility of contact with those CSs. In all three experiments, some differences in behavior evoked by the various CSs were noted prior to conditioning; these differences were enhanced by conditioning and further magnified by discrimination training. These results are related to a hypothesis in which orienting responses play an important role in determining the character of Pavlovian conditioned responding. PMID- 7373225 TI - Differential effects of inescapable shock on escape performance and discrimination learning in a water escape task. AB - The effects of inescapable shock on subsequent T-maze water escape and position discrimination performance were evaluated in seven experiments. Escapable shock did not disrupt water escape performance; however, escape performance was retarded 24 hr after inescapable shock. These deficits were not apparent if escape was possible upon stress inception; however, pronounced deficits were noted if sustained active responding was necessitated by briefly (3-5 sec) preventing escape. When water escape testing was conducted in relatively warm water (20 degrees C), the disruptive effects of preshock were not apparent. In colder water (15 degrees C), which increases the motor difficulty of the task, the disruptive effects of preshock were noted. When the motor difficulty of the task was increased further, by testing mice in 10 degrees C water, or when the associative difficulty was increased by using a vigorous reversal learning task, the differences between the preshocked and nonpreshocked groups were obviated. Exposure to inescapable shock did not disrupt position discrimination performance regardless of the motor difficulties of the task. Similarly, deficits of discrimination performance were not apparant in mice exposed to inescapable shock even when the associative difficulty of the task was increased by removing intramaze cues or by testing animals in a position discrimination reversal task. It is concluded that inescapable shock results in deficits of response maintenance but probably has a minor, if any, influence on cognitive/associative processes. PMID- 7373227 TI - Aftereffects of lithium-conditioned stimuli on consummatory behavior in the presence or absence of the drug. AB - Drinking is increased by prior exposure to lithium-conditioned stimuli. Experiment 1 showed that this phenomenon is not an artifact of testing subjects with a novel, palatable drinking fluid and also showed that lithium-conditioned olfactory stimuli produce a biphasic change in drinking, with drinking suppressed at the start of exposure to the conditioned stimulus (CS) and enhanced a long time after CS onset or exposure. Experiment 2 showed that the increased drinking aftereffect of lithium-conditioned stimuli is not a result of the instrumental reinforcement of the drinking response by the scheduling of water access following drug injections during conditioning, and Experiments 3, 4, and 5 showed that the increased drinking effect occurs even if subjects are injected with lithium prior to the test session. The results of Experiments 3 and 5 alos showed that lithium administration and exposure to lithium-conditioned stimuli have independent and opposite aftereffects: Lithium disrupts drinking, whereas prior exposure to lithium-conditioned stimuli increases consumption. The relevance of conditioned opponent and compensatory processes to the findings is discussed. PMID- 7373229 TI - Irrelevant-incentive learning with flavors in rats. AB - In four experiments, rats were trained to associate one cue with one incentive and another cue with a different incentive. Experiment 1 used food and water as the incentives, and Experiments 2-4 used arbitrarily flavored sugar solutions as the incentives; Experiments 1-3 used flavor cues, and Experiment 4 used exteroceptive cues. Preference between the cues was tested under deprivation conditions different from training. With flavor cues, the rats preferred the cue for the incentive with which they were not satiated in the test (Experiments 1 and 2), but they showed no tendency to prefer the cue for the incentive with which they had not been satiated during training (Experiments 2 and 3). With exteroceptive cues, on the other hand, preference in the test depended upon satiation during training but not upon satiation in the test (Experiment 4). These results indicate latent learning but no learning of a habit with flavor cues, and learning of a habit but no latent learning with exteroceptive cues. PMID- 7373230 TI - CS-US interval as a determinant of the form of Pavlovian appetitive conditioned responses. AB - The effects of variation in temporal and predictive relations between the onset of visual and auditory conditioned stimuli (CSs) and delivery of a food unconditioned stimulus (US) on the form of conditioned responses (CRs) were examined in four experiments with rat subjects. In Experiment 1, substantially different CRs were evoked by CSs differing in duration and CS-US interval in delay conditioning. Using a second-order conditioning technique to assess the associative strength of CSs of different delay intervals, Experiment 2 showed that shorter intervals generated more strength than longer intervals, but the differences in CR form observed in Experiment 1 were not dependent on differences in associative strength. In Experiment 3, CSs of equal duration but different CS US intervals in trace conditioning evoked CRs similar in form to those observed with delay procedures in Experiment 1. In Experiment 4, the onset of a CS of intermediate CS-US interval was made less predictive of US delivery by separate nonreinforced short duration presentations of that stimulus. Behavior evoked by the intermediate interval CS was more like that evoked by CSs of longer CS-US intervals. These data are discussed in terms of an orienting response hypothesis proposed earlier to account for differences in the nature of CRs evoked by CSs differing in physical characteristics such as modality. PMID- 7373232 TI - One-trial overshadowing: evidence of distributive processing. AB - Evidence of "overshadowing" following a single training trial was obtained in each of five experiments measuring stimulus-evoked suppression of licking in rats. In three conditioned emotional response experiments, less conditioned suppression was observed to either a light or a tone when the stimuli had been paired with shock in compound that when either had been paired with shock in isolation. This difference occurred when the stimuli were diffuse and produced differential orienting behaviors on the training trial (Experiment 1). But, it was as demonstrable when the stimuli were designed to be localizable from the same source and produce apparently compatible orienting behaviors (Experiments 2A and 3A). The difference was also as substantial when the stimulus compound was composed of successive, nonoverlapping stimulus elements as when composed of simultaneous elements (Experiment 3A). In two companion habituation studies (Experiments 2B and 3B) using the same stimulus arrangements but no pairing with shock, there was consistently less habituation of the unconditioned suppression to the visual and tonal stimuli when exposed in compound rather than in isolation. One-trial "overshadowing" is at odds with those theories that approach overshadowing only as a multiple-trial phenomenon. The apparent generality of the effect provides impetus for a theoretical account that supposes some manner of distributive processing. PMID- 7373233 TI - Differential use of food and water cues in the formation of conditioned aversions by domestic chicks (Gallus gallus). AB - The differential use of cues in the formation of conditioned aversions to food and water by domestic chicks was examined. Aversions were more readily demonstrated to red food than to red water, and taste was found to be an adequate cue with water but not with food (Experiments 1-5). It is suggested that such asymmetry mitigates the usefulness of the concept of "belongingness" and can more profitably be viewed as a function of the particular response topographies adopted with respect to food and water. The sixth experiment demonstrated that aversions for colored water could be readily demonstrated when the response topography for drinking was manipulated to ensure the utility of visual cues in selecting fluids. These findings are discussed with respect to a general process approach to conditioned aversion learning. PMID- 7373231 TI - Potentiation rather than overshadowing in flavor-aversion learning: an analysis in terms of within-compound associations. AB - Five experiments investigated the development of aversions to stimuli with strong odor components. Those odors were presented simultaneously with tastes are followed by lithium chloride. Contrary to expectations derived from previous investigations of compound conditioning, the presence of a taste stimulus at the time of conditioning was found to potentiate rather than overshadow the resulting odor aversions. Explanations in terms of either the taste's unconditioned aversiveness or nonassociative effects were found to be inadequate. An alternative interpretation attributing potentiation to the summed effects of within-compound odor-taste associations and odor-unconditioned stimulus associations was suggested. In agreement with such an interpretation, evidence of odor-taste associations was found in this situation. Furthermore, continued aversiveness of the taste was necessary for potentiation of the odor aversion to occur. An account of potentiation in terms of within-compound associations makes the phenomenon compatible with modern theories of Pavlovian associations. PMID- 7373234 TI - Comparison of four different algorithms for the calculation of radioimmunoassay standard curves. AB - Standard curves from 150 determinations of 10 different hormone radioimmunoassays have been evaluated using the following four procedures: logit transformation as performed by Rodbard, Healy's 4-component-logit, spline approximation and a linear interpolation program. The results, calculated by computer, have been compared with manual analysis as the refernce method. The influece of various correction factors has been studied by artificial insertion of outliers. Approximately two thirds of all investigated curves could be calculated with almost equal success using all 4 methods. In calculating the remaining third of the standard curves, each method showed characteristic errors which depended upon the reliability of the assay data and the kind of outliers. The results suggest that the smoothing by spine function is the most flexible method in approximating a radioimmunoassay standard curve. In comparison with the other methods it is less influenced by random errors and fits the characteristic and symmetry of the ideal curve most exactly. The 4-component logit which has been extended by data screening is an improvement of the original logit transformation. Certain reservations exist, however, in elimination of outliers because of the dispersion of the data points, and also because of the arbitrarily set thresholds. PMID- 7373235 TI - Ribosomal protein modifications in liver injury: effect of carbon tetrachloride and extrahepatic cholestasis on protein phosphorylation. AB - The phosphorylation of ribosomal proteins in rat liver injured fro various times by carbon tetrachloride and extrahepatic cholestasis was studied. The incorporation of [32P]phosphate into the protein moiety of the small ribosomal subunit was increased over 2-fold 1 to 4 h after injection of the hepatotoxin, whereas the specific activity of the 60 S subunit was low and changed only insignificantly. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of ribosomal proteins complemented by autoradiography revealed that CCl4 stimulated the phosphorylation of only a single protein (S6) in the 40 S subunit. The phosphorylation of S6 led to a measurable anodic shift and elongation of the protein on the 2-dimensional electropherograms. In response to bile duct ligation a similar increase in phosphorylation of protein S6 was noticed. PMID- 7373236 TI - [A rapid and simple nephelometric assay for total protein in cerebrospinal fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373238 TI - Identification of tetrahydronorharmane (tetrahydro-beta-carboline) in human blood platelets. AB - The present paper shows that tetrahydronorharmane (tetrahydro-beta-carboline) exists in human platelets. The concentration of tetrahydronorharmane in platelets from 10 ml platelet rich plasma was in the range of 9.3 to 25.6 pmol (n=8). Ingestion of tryptamine hydrochloride (n=4) three times daily for three consecutive days and of 19.6 mmol D,L-tryptophan (n=7) the evening (10 p.m.) before the blood collection did not lead to an increase of tetrahydronorharmane in platelets. PMID- 7373237 TI - Overestimation of glucose in uranyl acetate-treated samples: modification of the deproteinization method. AB - It is demonstrated that uranyl ions remaining in deproteinized supernatants of blood, serum, or liquor cerebrospinalis lead to falsely elevated glucose values by forming insoluble precipitates of uranyl phosphate. Furthermore, glucose is overestimated in hemolytic blood samples because of the UV-absorption of incompletely precipitated hemoglobin. A modified deproteinization method is recommended which overcomes these problems: the specimen volume is reduced to one half of the usual volume (0.05 instead of 0.1 ml) and excess uranyl ions are removed from the deproteinized supernatant by precipitation as uranyl phosphate, using phosphate-coated tubes. The supernatant obtained after centrifugation is free of uranyl ions and hemoglobin. Therefore, a sample blank may be omitted. PMID- 7373239 TI - [Differences in the levels of serum immunoglobulin E determined by the competitive radio-immuno-sorbent and the paper-radioimmuno-sorbent methods: Removal of these differences by pretreatment of sera with polyethylene glycol (author's transl)]. AB - The serum IgE of patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases was determined with the competitive radio-immuno-sorbent and the paper-radio-immuno-sorbent methods (Phadebas). Some samples showed markedly higher values with the competitive radio-immuno-sorbent than with the paper-radio-immuno-sorbent method. These discrepancies were abolished by pretreatment of the sera: polyethylene glycol 6000 (final concentration 35 g/l) was added, followed by centrifugation at 0 degrees C for 30 min at 20 000 g, and IgE was determined in the supernatant. This treatment had no effect on the values of the paper-radio-immuno-sorbent method, but the values of the competitive radio-immuno-sorbent method were decreased so that the two values agreed within the experimental confidence limits. PMID- 7373240 TI - [Determination of serum iron; a comparison of two methods: Teepol/dithionite/bathophenanthroline versus guanidine/ascorbic acid/Ferrozine (author's transl)]. AB - Two spectrophotometric methods for the assay of serum iron without deproteinisation are compared: 1. Liberation of iron by a detergent (Teepol SHELL), reduction by dithionite, chelation by bathopehanthroline disulfonate; 2. Liberation of iron by 6 mol/l guanidine, reduction by ascorbic acid, chelation by 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-bis-(4-phenyl sulfonic acid)-1,2,4-triaxine (Ferrozine). PMID- 7373241 TI - Presentation rate and the representation of briefly glimpsed pictures in memory. AB - Four experiments on memory for briefly presented complex pictures showed the following: (a) Pictures shown in a sequence for 110 msec each with a blank 5,890 msec interstimulus interval (ISI) were later recognized almost as well as pictures shown for 6 sec each with no ISI; (b) when the ISI was deleted, recognition memory for the briefly presented pictures dropped almost to chance; (c) however, filling a 5-sec ISI with a to-be-ignored picture that was the same on all trials had little or no effect on memory for the briefly presented pictures; (d) when the time between 110-msec pictures was decreased from 4,890 to 1,390, 620, 385, or 0 msec, the ability to detect that they were mirror reversed in the recognition test decreased more rapidly than did recognition accuracy. Evidently, incidental visuospatial properties of a picture can be encoded for at least 1 sec after a brief presentation unless another to-be-remembered picture is presented during that time. PMID- 7373242 TI - Cognitive mapping: knowledge of real-world distance and location information. AB - A series of experiments investigated how information about geographic environments is processed. In the first experiment, response time to decide which of two pairs of states or buildings were physically closer in the real world increased as the ratio of the interpair distances approached one. The second experiment examined spatial memory for the interrelationships among states and buildings. Subjects' reaction time to determine the accuracy of relative spatial positions of triads of states was a linear function of the degree of triad rotation from the 0 degrees Cartesian plane of a standard U.S. map. No linear rotation function was reported for triad rotations of buildings. In Experiment 3 a group of subjects unfamiliar with the campus tested in Experiments 1 and 2 learned the location of the buildings from a map only. This group's data reflected a linear trend of reaction time with degree of building triad rotation, similar to results with states in Experiment 2. Perhaps when an environment is primarily learned by a map, knowledge of the interpositions of items in the environment is formed in the single perspective of the map. When the environment is primarily learned through direct experience, knowledge of interpositions of items is more flexible and is processed from many perspectives. PMID- 7373243 TI - Constructing cognitive maps from sentences. AB - Three experiments investigated the construction of one- and two-dimensional cognitive maps from presented sentences containing information about adjacent pairs of items in the map. Sentences were of the form The item is X of the item or The item has the item on its X side when items were high-frequency nouns and X was the adjective north, south, east, or west. Hypotheses derived from three-term series and linear ordering work were tested. Increasing the number of dimensions and end anchors did not affect performance, although increasing the number of items lowered performance. Construction was best when the ordering was complete rather than partial, when each incoming sentence presented new information that could be immediately integrated with previously presented information, when new items could be added to the end rather than the beginning of a stored representation, and when the sentence adjective was congruent with the placement of the new item in the map. This last result appears to depend to some extent on the representational strategy adopted by participants. PMID- 7373244 TI - Image detail and recall: evidence for within-item elaboration. AB - Four experiments were conducted to investigate the role of image detail on recall. It was found in all four experiments that greater image detail facilitated recall from an uncategorized list. This result was found with two different uncategorized lists and held when detail was manipulated both through image size and through capacity limitation. However, no effect of image detail on recall was found for categorized lists used in Experiments 3 and 4. The results are discussed in terms of within-item and between-item encoding elaboration, and the effect of these types of elaboration on retrieval strategies is also discussed. PMID- 7373246 TI - Investigation of a visual imagery mnemonic device for acquiring face--name associations. AB - Two studies were conducted on a face--name mnemonic containing several components: a prominent facial feature; a concrete, high imagery transformation of the person's name (e.g., "Bryant" became "bride ant"); and an interactive visual image of these two components. In the first experiment subjects were given one of six strategies for learning face--name associations; the strategies differed with respect to which of the three or combination of the three components were incorporated. Results indicated that all three components of the face--name mnemonic were essential for its effectiveness. The second experiment showed that the cue effectiveness of a facial feature decreased with the frequency of its usage and varied directly with the feature's distinctiveness among all faces in the list. PMID- 7373245 TI - The role of tone height, melodic contour, and tone chroma in melody recognition. AB - The present experiments assessed the contribution of tone height, melodic contour, and tone chroma to melody recognition. Rather than using highly familiar folk songs as in earlier studies, subjects were taught new melodies. Novel melodies were used to (a) more precisely control potential cues (e.g., rhythm) that are not of present interest, (b) eliminate unison intervals that cannot be transformed appropriately, (c) provide a direct analysis of the nature of confusion errors, (d) test whether recently learned melodies are recognized differently than highly overlearned melodies, and (e) evaluate the extent to which practice in the experimental task alters the process of recognition. The results replicate previous studies using familiar folk songs. Transformations of the original melodies were accurately recognized when tone height was violated, but both melodic contour and tone chroma were maintained. Violating both tone height and contour while maintaining chroma produced extremely poor recognition. Performance was intermediate when just melodic contour was preserved. There is now good evidence to support the idea that melodic contour and tone chroma, in addition to tone height, contribute to recognition of both highly familiar and recently learned melodies. PMID- 7373247 TI - Picture rehearsal: an effect of selectively attending to pictures no longer in view. AB - Five experiments demonstrate rehearsal of pictures. The pictures were displayed in pairs, with a "rehearsal interval" between successive pairs. At the beginning of each interval, subjects were cued to rehearse just one member of the preceding pair. Although the subjects were expecting a recognition test for just the cued pictures, they were tested on both the cued and the uncued pictures. The first four experiments all used a different type of picture (faces, scenes, random shapes, and simple line drawings), and in each case recognition was at a higher level for the cued pictures than for the uncued pictures. The fifth experiment examined the degree to which the benefit of the rehearsal interval was limited to the cued pictures and the results suggested that uncued pictures did not benefit at all from the rehearsal interval. It is argued that these findings of control exerted by the subject over the beneficial effects of a postpresentation interval provide an adequate demonstration that pictures can be effectively rehearsed. PMID- 7373248 TI - A standardized set of 260 pictures: norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. AB - In this article we present a standardized set of 260 pictures for use in experiments investigating differences and similarities in the processing of pictures and words. The pictures are black-and-white line drawings executed according to a set of rules that provide consistency of pictorial representation. The pictures have been standardized on four variables of central relevance to memory and cognitive processing: name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. The intercorrelations among the four measures were low, suggesting that they are indices of different attributes of the pictures. The concepts were selected to provide exemplars from several widely studied semantic categories. Sources of naming variance, and mean familiarity and complexity of the exemplars, differed significantly across the set of categories investigated. The potential significance of each of the normative variables to a number of semantic and episodic memory tasks is discussed. PMID- 7373250 TI - The role of auditory features in memory span for words. AB - In two experiments on the effects of modality on memory span for words, conventional measures of span were supplemented by analyses of serial position curves and by analyses of the principal auditory features of intrusion errors. Auditory presentation led not only to better recall of the terminal words in each stimulus list but also to better recall of word order given correct item recall. Intrusion errors were found to share a number of auditory features with the corresponding omissions, even when the lists had been presented visually. The most salient or the best-retained word features were the syllabic stress pattern and the identity of the stressed vowel phoneme. The data provide evidence for a partial retention of auditory features of stimulus words in short-term memory tasks and are taken to support attribute rather than unit models of short-term memory. PMID- 7373251 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of anorexia nervosa. AB - Anorexia nervosa is much like other psychogenic or psychosomatic disorders in that it tends to run a chronic, relapsing course, with a proportion of patients never fully recovering. It is unlike them, however, in that significant mortality rates have been reported. With epidemiological studies now suggesting an increased incidence of the disorder, and follow-up studies indicating the importance of early treatment to favorable outcome, the vital role of family physicians in diagnosis and treatment becomes evident. This paper draws on both published accounts and original case material to summarize the primary diagnostic criteria and secondary signs of anorexia nervosa. An illustrative history of a young woman with chronic anorexia nervosa is followed by a discussion of treatment alternatives. Although still in the experimental stage, behavior therapy is presented for its apparent efficacy and adaptability to the outpatient family practice setting. PMID- 7373249 TI - Alcohol and elaborative schemas for sentences. AB - Three experiments were conducted to determine whether alcohol-induced impairments of memory would be reduced by providing subjects with elaborative schemas. Anomalous sentences were presented to sober or intoxicated subjects either alone or with context words to facilitate comprehension. Memory was tested immediately with a yes-no recognition task. The results consistently showed that context words did not increase the number of hits in either sober or intoxicated subjects, and sober subjects made reliably more hits whether or not context words had been provided. The accuracy of recognition of distractors, however, was consistently improved by the presentation of context words, and was much more improved for intoxicated than for sober subjects. The results indicate that alcohol intoxication disrupted the production of elaborative schemas for understanding, but that intoxicated subjects were quite successful at utilizing such schemas as long as the schemas had been provided for them. PMID- 7373252 TI - Resident development in family practice training: a personal counseling program. AB - A family physician's personal development and professional functioning are strongly meshed. Family practice residencies need to implement programs which promote personal development and support the integration of the resident's personal and professional development. This paper describes and evaluates the personal counseling program in the Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, from 1973 through 1978. The evolution of goals and their implementation are outlined. Providing resident counseling as part of a family medicine curriculum presents problems which are generic to primary care. These problems and their solutions, within the model of resident development, are defined and addressed. PMID- 7373253 TI - Educational status and health. AB - Some of the problems with the traditional measures of socioeconomic status include (1) the loss of information resulting from combining different factors that have varying associations with health problems; (2) the reverse causal pathway that exists from health and illness to income and occupation; and (3) a number of particular problems with deriving socioeconomic status from census tract information. In contrast there are clear advantages to using educational status as the primary socioeconomic index. A wide variety of literature is reviewed pointing to a strong positive relationship between years of schooling and health. Three models that attempt to account for this association are described. It is suggested that the educational status of patients should be part of their data base. PMID- 7373254 TI - A practice based study of trauma in a rural community. AB - A three-month study of trauma seen by a rural family practice in an isolated community found that 17.3 percent of all visits were for treatment of injuries. Falls caused the most injuries (28.7 percent), but accidents involving motorcycles, horses, and automobiles cause the more severe injuries. Orthopedic problems, lacerations, and eye injuries accounted for 64.0 percent of the injuries. Consultation was obtained in 9.9 percent of the episodes. This paper offers a model of trauma surveillance utilizing practice based studies and presents information that underscores the need for more intensive training in trauma care for family practice residents who plan to enter rural practice. PMID- 7373255 TI - Effectiveness of patient education and psychosocial counseling in promoting compliance and control among hypertensive patients. AB - Compliance with physician recommendations among long-term hypertensive patients can be a chronic and difficult treatment problem. This study evaluated the relative effectiveness of additional patient education and psychosocial counseling in improving patient compliance. At a family practice clinic, 123 low income, rural, black hypertensive patients were pretested on several psychological characteristics and randomly assigned to one of three groups: vigorous, group patient education and family physician appointments; supportive, individualized psychosocial counseling and family physician appointments; or family physician appointments only, which was the baseline medical care. Intervention and follow-up each lasted three months, and the intervention was in addition to the patients' baseline medical care. Compliance was measured by: keeping follow-up appointments; bringing antihypertension medications to each appointment; consuming these medications; and diastolic blood pressure. Analysis of variance of group mean and change scores, t tests, and chisquare analysis indicated that neither additional patient education nor additional psychosocial counseling improved compliance or blood pressure control significantly better than regular family physician visits alone. PMID- 7373259 TI - Infectious mononucleosis: some new observations from a 15-year study. PMID- 7373256 TI - Methodological, technical, and ethical issues of a computerized data system. AB - This report examines some methodological, technical, and ethical issues which need to be addressed in designing and implementing a valid and reliable computerized clinical data base. The report focuses on the data collection system used by four residency based family health centers, affiliated with the University of Massachusetts Medical Center. It is suggested that data reliability and validity can be maximized by: (1) standardizing encounter forms at affiliated health centers to eliminate recording biases and ensure data comparability; (2) using forms with a diagnosis checklist to reduce coding errors and increase the number of diagnoses recorded per encounter; (3) developing uniform diagnostic criteria; (4) identifying sources of error, including discrepancies of clinical data as recorded in medical records, encounter forms, and the computer; and (5) improving provider cooperation in recording data by distributing data summaries which reinforce the data's applicability to service provision. Potential applications of the data for research purposes are restricted by personnel and computer costs, confidentiality considerations, programming related issues, and, most importantly, health center priorities, largely focused on patient care, not research. PMID- 7373258 TI - Managing the difficult patient. PMID- 7373257 TI - Spinal deformity. AB - Early results of scoliosis screening programs have demonstrated that mild spinal deformity is common, usually nonprogressive, and often requires no specific treatment. The role of the primary care physician is an important one in identifying the rare case, which is secondary to some underlying disorder which itself requires treatment, and the progressive curves, which should be managed by bracing. The informed physician can make this separation efficiently with minimum cost to the family and minimum radiation exposure to the patient. PMID- 7373260 TI - The family medicine residency as a clinical site for the psychiatry trainee. PMID- 7373261 TI - Holistic medicine, wellness, and family medicine. PMID- 7373262 TI - General practice research in New Zealand. PMID- 7373263 TI - Self-assessment in family practice. PMID- 7373264 TI - Use of a word processor. PMID- 7373265 TI - How effective is patient education? PMID- 7373266 TI - Long-term survival of 224 patients with myocardial infarction treated in a community hospital. AB - In a retrospective, five-year follow-up study of 224 patients treated for acute myocardial infarction in a community hospital, there was an 82 percent in hospital survival rate and an overall 57 percent five-year survival rate. Corrected for expected mortality, the five-year survival rate was 68 percent. Patients who had had a previous infarction had a lower five-year survival rate, 40 percent. Survival decreased significantly with age, but was not affected by hypertension, diabetes, smoking, sex, or obesity (when corrected for age differences). Women and nonsmokers who had myocardial infarctions could expect to have longer lifespans than men and smokers because they were older at the time of their infarction. At the time of their infarction, women averaged 68 years of age, men 60 years. Nonsmokers averaged 67 years, smokers 55 years. PMID- 7373268 TI - Pathophysiology and prevention of meconium aspiration syndrome. AB - Aspiration of meconium by the fetus at or near delivery may be associated with high infant morbidity and mortality. The meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is often preventable, yet cases of MAS continue to occur. This paper describes the pathophysiology of MAS. The development of MAS involves passage of meconium by a compromised fetus and the subsequent aspiration of that meconium. Respiratory tract obstruction, hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis may all result. Treatment of MAS is primarily supportive, and high mortality rates have been reported with the more severe cases. There is good evidence that careful suctioning of the infant's upper respiratory tract can in most cases prevent MAS. The suctioning, performed while the infant's head is still on the mother's perineum and prior to the first inspirations, is both a safe and effective preventive procedure. PMID- 7373267 TI - Asbestos, lead, and the family: household risks. AB - Although the intrafamilial transmission of infectious diseases has long been recognized, the induction of environmental disease in household contacts is being increasingly documented and requires a higher index of suspicion. An incidental radiographic finding, such as pleural thickening or calcification, or even interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in a young person without obvious occupational exposure to asbestos, should prompt the physician to clarify the parental occupational history. Likewise, unexpected evidence of lead induced abnormalities, such as elevated blood lead and/or erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels, should focus the examiner's attention on possible intrafamilial transmission, treatment, and prevention. PMID- 7373269 TI - Electrical activity in cardiac mutant axolotl hearts. AB - Electrical recordings from the hearts of both cardiac lethal mutant and normal embryos showed the presence of action potentials conducted over the heart tube. Ionic coupling and gap junctions also were observed in both. These results suggest that the absence of heart function in mutant embryos does not result from a defect in electrical activity. PMID- 7373270 TI - Effector mechanism in the response of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia to snail conditioned water. AB - Schistosoma mansoni miracidia respond to snail-conditioned water (SCW) by sharply increasing their rate of turning when they encounter abrupt decreases in stimulant concentration (Roberts et al., '79). We examined the role of the cilia and the subepithelial muscles in the turning behavior of stimulated miracidia. Several lines of evidence indicated that miracidia do not turn by altering their ciliary beat. Ciliary beating on detergent-treated miracidia was reactivated using solutions containing ATP and Mg2+. These organisms were unable to turn spontaneously, a characteristic of live miracidia. Several divalent cations which stimulate increased turning of intact miracidia failed to support ciliary reactivation of detergent-treated organisms. Further, intact miracidia increased their rate of turning in gradients of Mg2+, but detergent-treated organisms swimming in reactivation solution did not turn in Mg2+ gradients. High speed cinematography of intact miracidia swimming in gradients of SCW or Mg2+ illustrated that turning is invariably accompanied by flexion of the body. This bending occurred only at the transverse interciliary ridges between the first and second, and second and third tiers of ciliated plates. Flexion was not observed at the interciliary ridge between the third and fourth tiers of plates, suggesting that miracidia turn by contracting specific portions of their subepithelial musculature. PMID- 7373271 TI - Pyruvate kinases of salmon: purification and comparison with the isozymes from birds and mammals. AB - Pyruvate kinase occurs as two major forms in coho salmon; the type M isozyme occurs primarily in muscle and heart, but type K has a more generalized tissue distribution, in parallel with the type K isozyme in other vertebrate systems. In order to assess the evolutionary relationships among the fish, avian, and mammalian isozymes of pyruvate kinase, we have purified the two isozymes from fish, have examined some of their physical properties, and have studied their immunological relationships to the avian and mammalian isozymes. Salmon type K is at least partially inactivated by antibody to bivine type L pyruvate kinase as well as by antibodies produced against chicken, bovine, and salmon type M isozymes. Salmon type M pyruvate kinase, on the other hand, is not significantly corss-reactive with the bovine type L isozyme, but is at least partially inactivated by antibodies produced against bovine or chicken type M isozymes. Mammalian type L pyruvate kinase is immunologically distinct from either mammalian type K or type M, but salmon type K has some structural features in common with all three mammalian isozymes. Thus, salmon fish type K pyruvate kinase could be similar to a primordial form that was antecedent to the three major differentiated isozymes of higher vertebrates. PMID- 7373272 TI - Trochlear nerve regeneration in Xenopus laevis larvae. AB - The trochlear nerve of Xenopus laevis larvae was sectioned in the orbit, and the nerve distal to the section was removed, so that it could not serve to guide the return of the regenerating nerve to the superior oblique muscle (SOM). In a second series, in addition to removing the distal nerve segment, the SOM was removed or damaged. The regeneration pattern of the trochlear nerve fibers was recorded in situ at 1 to 5-day intervals with the aid of methylene blue staining. The early growth or regenerating fibers was multidirectional; only some fibers encountered the SOM by day 6 or 7; others reached nerves, inappropriate muscle, and other tissues. Ultimately, the fibers that reached the SOM persisted and were reinforced, while those that reached other locations were withdrawn. By 20 days or so, the regenerated trochlear nerve usually had an appearance that was close to that of an uncut nerve. In the second series, in which the SOM was removed or damaged, the multidirectional character of the growth persisted through 20 days after section. these data suggest that: 1) Trochlear nerve regeneration is not guided by cues that closely control fiber growth along a direct path to the SOM, and 2) The SOM acts as a trap for regenerating trochlear nerve fibers, promoting the maintenance and the fasciculation of the trochlear nerve fibers that reach it, and the degeneration of the fibers that do not. PMID- 7373273 TI - In vivo and in vitro studies on the early embryonic lethal tail-short (Ts) in the mouse. AB - An histological study reveals that embryos homozygous for the mutation tail-short (Ts) become abnormal as morulae, although a small amount of cell division may continue to take place during the following day. Homozygotes can be identified at 3 1/2 days post coitum (p.c.) by several criteria including low cell number, absence of cavitation, and weak cytoplasmic staining with haematoxylin. A similar pattern of developmental arrest is exhibited during culture, although an initial degree of cavitation occurs more frequently. PMID- 7373274 TI - Special issue. University of Florida College of Medicine. PMID- 7373275 TI - Reflections on an educational program. PMID- 7373276 TI - The impact of a medical school on the private practice of medicine in the community. PMID- 7373277 TI - Spectrophotometric measurements of transmembrane potential and pH gradients in chromaffin granules. AB - The electrical potential (delta psi) and proton gradient (alpha pH) across the membranes of isolated bovine chromaffin granules and ghosts were simultaneously and quantitatively measured by using the membrane-permeable dyes 3,3'dipropyl 2,2'thiadicarbocyanine (diS-C3-(5)) to measure delta psi and 9-aminoacridine or atebrin to measure delta pH. Increases or decreases in the delta psi across the granular membrane could be monitored by fluorescence or transmittance changes of diS-C3-(5). Calibration of the delta psi was achieved by utilization of the endogenous K+ and H+ gradients, and valinomycin or carbonyl cyanide-p trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), respectively, with the optical response of diS-C3-(5) varying linearly with the Nernst potential for H+ and K+ over the range -60 to +90 mV. The addition of chromaffin granules to a medium including 9 aminoacridine or atebrin resulted in a rapid quenching of the dye fluorescence, which could be reversed by agents known to cause collapse of pH gradients. From the magnitude of the quenching and the intragranular water space, it was possible to calculate the magnitude of the alpha pH across the chromaffin granule membrane. The time-course of the potential-dependent transmittance response of diS-C3-(5) and the delta pH-dependent fluorescence of the acridine dyes were studied simultaneously and quantitatively by using intact and ghost granules under a wide variety of experimental conditions. These results suggest that membrane-permeable dyes provide an accurate method for the kinetic measurement of delta pH and delta psi in an amine containing subcellular organelle. PMID- 7373279 TI - What is the source of the calcium that activates contraction of barnacle muscles under physiological conditions? PMID- 7373278 TI - Properties of sodium pumps in internally perfused barnacle muscle fibers. AB - To study the properties of the Na extrusion mechanism, giant muscle fibers from barnacle (Balanus nubilus) were internally perfused with solutions containing tracer 22Na. In fibers perfused with solutions containing adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) and 30 mM Na, the Na efflux into 10 mM K seawater was approximately 25-30 pmol/cm2.s; 70% of this efflux was blocked by 50-100 microM ouabain, and approximately 30% was blocked by removal of external K. The ouabain sensitive and K-dependent Na effluxes were abolished by depletion of internal ATP and were sigmoid-shaped functions of the internal Na concentration ([Na]i), with half-maxima at [Na]i approximately or equal to 20 mM. These sigmoid functions fit the Hill equation with Hill coefficients of approximately 3.5. Ouabain depolarized ATP-fueled fibers by 1.5-2 mV ([Na]i greater than or equal to 30 mM) but had very little effect on the membrane potential of ATP-depleted fibers; ATP depletion itself caused a 2-2.5-mV depolarization. When fueled fibers were treated with 3,4-diaminopyridine or Ba2+ (to reduce the K conductance and increase membrane resistance), application of ouabain produced a 4-5 mV depolarization. These results indicate that an electrogenic, ATP-dependent Na-K exchange pump is functional in internally perfused fibers; the internal perfusion technique provides a convenient method for performing transport studies that require good intracellular solute control. PMID- 7373280 TI - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis and crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis of Salmonella dublin antigens. AB - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis and crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis were used to detect 62 antigens in extracts of sonicated Salmonella dublin against an homologous anti-serum. Comparison with six extracts of closely related bacteria showed that all but two of these antigens cross-reacted with at least one other extract. PMID- 7373281 TI - Colony morphology, ultrastructure and morphogenesis in Mycoplasma hominis, Acholeplasma laidlawii and Ureaplasma urealyticum. AB - Colonies of Mycoplasma hominis, Acholeplasma laidlawii (three strains) and Ureaplasma urealyticum were examined by light and electron microscopy and their characteristic morphology, ultrastructure and morphogenesis are described. Mycoplasma hominis and A. laidlawii, PG8 and oral strains, developed typical 'fried-egg' colonies which were remarkably heterogeneous in size. The colonies of A. laidlawii strain NCTC 10116 were more homogeneous and grew mainly on the surface of the agar showing a fine granular appearance. Ureaplasma urealyticum produced smaller, granular colonies which grew deeply embedded in the agar and generally without much surface growth. The cellular ultrastructure in these colonies was also examined. The results indicate that several aspects of colony morphogenesis and ultrastructure varied for each of the three species examined. PMID- 7373283 TI - Genetical analysis of a sterile mutant by protoplast fusion in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - The genetical analysis, by protoplast fusion, of the sterile strain ED22 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe is described. Two major mutations are harboured by this strain. One, cdc 25.22, is conditionally defective in mitosis. The other mutation, ste 1.1, causes sterility in strains of h-, h+ or mat 2.102 mating type. Sterility is due to the failure of cell agglutination. We present evidence that ste 1.1 is defective in the production of a non-diffusible and non-mating type specific factor. ste 1 and cdc 25 both map on chromosome I and are loosely linked. PMID- 7373282 TI - Ultrastructural study of the interaction between Acholeplasma laidlawii and antibody. AB - The ultrastructure of agar-grown Acholeplasma laidlawii incubated with specific antiserum or IgM fractions of this antiserum has been investigated by the thin sectioning technique. Antiserum treatment resulted in the development of giant cells along the colony circumferences and in the coating of normal-size mycoplasmas with a periodically arranged extramembranous layer, consisting of attached immunoglobulins as shown by indirect immunoferritin labelling. The regular structure of the coat was not influenced by changes in temperature or by fixation of the membrane antigens prior to reaction with antibody. Extracellular enveloped viruses were uniformly covered with antibody in these experiments. IgM fractions of antiserum in high concentrations produced a similarly uniform extramembranous layer both on mycoplasmas and viruses. Possible explanations of the difference demonstrated between the regular arrangement of antigenic determinants on A. laidlawii membranes and the previously observed uniform binding of immunoglobulins to Mycoplasma gallisepticum are discussed. PMID- 7373284 TI - Sterol requirement for the growth of Treponema hyodysenteriae. AB - The addition of cholesterol to a liquid medium containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) fraction V or acetone-delipidized BSA fraction V instead of serum stimulated the growth of Treponema hyodysenteriae, a serum-requiring spirochaete associated with swine dysentery. As little as 1.25 micrograms cholesterol ml-1 increased viable counts about 1000-fold. Sitosterol and cholestanol, but not pregnenalone, cholestenone or stigmasteriol, produced a growth response comparable to that of cholesterol. The results suggest that T. hyodysenteriae requires a sterol for growth. PMID- 7373285 TI - Further studies on subacute encephalitis and hydrocephalus in hamsters caused by measles virus from persistently infected cell cultures. AB - Newborn hamsters were inoculated intracerebrally (IC) with disrupted measles carrier Lu 106 cells. No acute neurological disease developed, but limited, persistent neural infection was identified by immune fluorescence and by virus isolation. By ten days after inoculation, virus could be recovered only by cocultivation of explant cultures of central nervous system (CNS) tissue and Vero cells. Virus was still demonstrable in CNS by both techniques 50 days after inoculation, the latest sample collected. Animals inoculated as newborns developed a poor hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody response. In three week-old hamsters inoculated IC no detectable replication of carrier virus occurred. The serum HI antibody response was more than 20 times higher than that in animals inoculated as newborns. Hydrocephalus developed in a fraction of animals inoculated at birth or at the age of three weeks. Both infectious and heat-inactivated disrupted virus carrier material, but not control material of Lu 106 cells, gave hydrocephalus. The precise mechanism leading to hydrocephalus is unclear. Carrier virus material may produce a meningeal irritation causing disturbances of the extraventricular flow or resorption of cerebrospinal fluid, leading to communicating hydrocephalus. Infectious carrier virus may replicate in and destroy ependymal cells, further contributing to hydrocephalus. PMID- 7373286 TI - Further evaluation of a rubella passive hemagglutination test. AB - Clinical experience with the Rubacell passive hemagglutination (PHA) test over a one-year period has shown the test to be a rapid, reliable, and economical method for determining antibody to rubella. The data from two separately administered rubella proficiency surveys showed 100% correlation between the PHA and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) qualitative results with 24 reference specimens. Also, the PHA titers appeared to be generally higher than the HI in these specimens and in the sera of immune individuals. The efficacy of detecting HI antibody in the absence of PHA antibody as an indication of recent infection was compared to the HI paired sera method and to a rubella-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) test based on protein A absorption. From the results obtained with the sera of 76 rubella patients, the efficacy of the three diagnostic methods was of the following order: protein A IgM test greater than positive HI/negative PHA greater than HI paired sera method. PMID- 7373287 TI - Small round virus-like particles associated with acute gastroenteritis in Japanese children. AB - Nine patients with acute gastroenteritis shed small round virus-like particles in the faeces, and seven of them developed serum antibody against those particles as judged by immune electron microscopy. The small round virus-like particle was measured at 29-32 nm in diameter and showed a fine spiky structure on the surface. The buoyant density of the small round virus-like particles was determined to be 1.37-1.40 gm/cm3 in cesium chloride density gradient. The small round virus-like particle differed morphologically from astrovirus and calicivirus, and was antigenically dissimilar to Norwalk agent and W agent. These observations suggest that the small round virus-like particle is one of the new gastroenteritis viruses or may be a new serotype of them. Attempts to cultivate the small round virus-like particles were unsuccesful. PMID- 7373288 TI - Systemic cell-mediated and antibody responses in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infections. AB - In order to investigate the possible role of immunity in lower respiratory tract disease of infants produced by respiratory syncytial (RS) virus, 18 hospitalized infants were tested for cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses in a whole blood culture assay utilizing a gamma emitting tracer, 5(125I) Iodo-2'-deoxyuridine [125IUdR] to quantitate cellular proliferative responses to virus antigen. Class specific antiviral antibody titres were determined in an indirect membrane immunofluorescence test. One infant showed a CMI response in the acute phase of illness whereas 72% responded one month later. Of the 18 infants, 14 were tested for antibody responses and 71% showed significant rises of antiviral IgG. IgM was detectable in only one acute phase specimen. A tendency for higher CMI responses following severe infection with RS virus was noted but little difference in antibody responses was respect to severity was seen. These findings are discussed in relationship to the pathogenesis of RS virus. PMID- 7373289 TI - Supersensitivity of dopamine-autoreceptors. The effect of gammabutyrolactone in long-term haloperidol treated rats. AB - Rats were injected daily with haloperidol, 0.5 mg/kg i.p. for a period of 16 days. 24 hours after the last injection of haloperidol these rats were challenged with gammabutyrolactone in doses of 200-750 mg/kg i.p. The ensuing increase in neostriatal dopa-accumulation was significantly lower than in rats not previously treated with haloperidol. Since the increase in dopa-accumulation following GBL treatment is most probably independent of postsynaptically located DA-receptors the difference between the experimental series is explained in terms of reduced feedback activation of DA-synthesis due to the increased sensitivity of presynaptically located DA-autoreceptors. PMID- 7373290 TI - The effects of adrenergic antagonists on the serotonin levels of feline enterochromaffin cells after splanchnic nerve stimulation. AB - Cut splanchnic nerves were stimulated electrically at the preganglionic level in efferent direction in anesthetized cats with the adrenals ligated bilaterally. A significant decrease of the intracellular serotonin (5-HT) levels in populations (n = 20) of individual enterochromaffin cells (EC) in the mucosa from three different levels of the small intestine (distal duodenum, mid-jejunum and terminal ileum) was obtained. The intracellular 5-HT levels before and after stimulation were studied cytofluorimetrically in biopsies treated according to the Falck-Hillarp technique. One group of cats was pretreated with propranolol prior to stimulation. This prevented the decrease in fluorescence intensity effectively. Two other groups of cats were pretreated with phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine. These drugs also blocked the expected decrease in fluorescence intensity in 7 of 8 cats. In some biopsies there was an increased fluorescence intensity after nerve stimulation in cats given propranolol or phentolamine even though the drugs themselves had no intrinsic effects on the fluorescence intensity in control animals. It is concluded that efferent electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerves can cause a release of 5-HT from gut EC by an adrenergic mechanism. PMID- 7373291 TI - A pharmacokinetic analysis of the vagal release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the cat. AB - The kinetics of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release into the portal system after efferent electrical vagal stimulation were studied in an in vivo model. Blood samples were drawn from cats before, during and after vagal nerve stimulation, and portal plasma levels of 5-HT were measured. Portal plasma concentration of 5 HT rose during stimulation. After termination of stimulation, the plasma levels returned to steady state values and were used to calculate half-life and elimination rate constant. When pharmacokinetic principles were applied, the plasma half-life (T1/2) was determined to be 1.32 min and the elimination rate constant (KE), 0.5246 min-1. Pharmacokinetic principles also were applied to data from earlier in vitro studies using exogenously administered 5-HT, and a half life of 1.03 min and a KE of 0.67 min-1 were calculated. Therefore, it appears that exogenously administered 5-HT and neurogenically released endogenous 5-HT are metabolized at a similar rate, both having a short half-life. PMID- 7373292 TI - Reduction and subsequent binding of ruthenium ions catalyzed by subcellular components. AB - The reduction of Cl(NH3)5Ru(III) and subsequent binding of heterocyclic ligands by the resultant (H2O)(NH3)5Ru(II) ion is shown to be catalyzed by components of rat-liver cells. The presence of air significantly decreases the rate of heterocyclic ligand binding. In the case of microsome and soluble component catalysis, this is probably due to oxidation of the Ru(II) ion prior to complexation. Various inhibitors of electron-transfer proteins were employed in an effort to determine the preferred reducing species. These results lend support to the hypothesis that the antitumor activity of acido ruthenium(III) ammine complexes involves activation by reduction in vivo prior to metal coordination to nucleic acids. Anticancer drugs functioning by this mechanism may be preferentially toxic to or may localize in hypoxic areas of tumors. PMID- 7373293 TI - Actinide transport across cell membranes. AB - Protactinium uptake into the normal liver does not exceed 3%, but when the phospholipid levels in the liver are elevated by administration of thioacetamide this uptake increases to 31%. Phosphatidic acid, which is absent from the normal liver, has been shown to extract protactinium into organic solvents. However, phosphatidylserine, a component of normal liver cell membranes, does not extract protactinium. It might be conjectured that this is why so little protactinium is taken up by the normal liver. The hypothesis is advanced that phosphatidylserine, which is known to complex plutonium, americium and curium, may regulate the uptake of these elements by liver. PMID- 7373294 TI - Taurine interactions with chick retinal membranes. PMID- 7373295 TI - A prolactin action on acetylcholine metabolism in striatum, hippocampus, and thalamus. PMID- 7373296 TI - Enhancement of tryptophan uptake by divalent cations in the absence of sodium ions. PMID- 7373297 TI - Concanavalin A-sepharose affinity chromatography of axon plasma membrane proteins. Heterogeneity of cholinergic binding sites. PMID- 7373300 TI - The determination and distribution of 2-phenylethylamine in sheep brain. PMID- 7373298 TI - Studies on the kinetic mechanism and salt activation of bovine brain choline acetyltransferase. PMID- 7373299 TI - Glycogen metabolism in neonatal rat brain during anoxia and recovery. PMID- 7373301 TI - Effects of normo- and hyperbaric pressure on an acetylcholine-binding proteoglycolipid from rat gastrocnemius tissue. PMID- 7373302 TI - Studies on a capillary-rich fraction isolated from brain: histaminic components and characterization of the histamine receptors linked to adenylate cyclase. PMID- 7373303 TI - Acetylcholinesterase molecular forms in chick ciliary ganglion: pre- and postsynaptic distribution derived from denervation, axotomy, and double section. PMID- 7373304 TI - Utilization of cyclocreatine phosphate, and analogue of creatine phosphate, by mouse brain during ischemia and its sparing action on brain energy reserves. PMID- 7373305 TI - Blood platelets contain a neuron-specific enolase subunit. PMID- 7373306 TI - Dopamine and norepinephrine in discrete areas of the copper-deficient rat brain. PMID- 7373307 TI - Changes in neostriatal dopamine concentrations in response to levodopa infusions. PMID- 7373308 TI - Maintenance of the adult rat superior cervical ganglion in vitro: comparison of organ and explant culture systems. PMID- 7373309 TI - Extension of the labeled precursor method of measuring neurotransmitter kinetics to non-steady-state conditions: application to striatal dopamine metabolism. PMID- 7373310 TI - Nature of the cytoplasmic factor(s) modulating adenylate cyclase in the developing rat brain. PMID- 7373311 TI - Cholesterol ester hydrolase activity in human cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7373312 TI - Transient changes in the phosphorylation of cortical membrane proteins after electroconvulsive shock. PMID- 7373313 TI - Intrinsic fluorescence spectra of bovine peripheral nerve (P2) protein. PMID- 7373314 TI - In vivo release of endogenous GABA from rat striatum: inhibition by dopamine. PMID- 7373315 TI - Evaluation of computed tomography in vascular lesions of the vertebrobasilar territory. AB - Forty-nine patients with clinical features of vascular disease in the vertebrobasilar territory were examined to evaluate the diagnostic performance of computed tomography. It provided useful information in the diagnosis of acute vascular lesions in patients in whom a definite episode had occurred not longer than 2 weeks before computed tomography was undertaken. It was of value in both haemorrhagic and thromboembolic groups but in many patients angiography was required to make a substantive diagnosis. It was of less value in patients with vague and ill defined symptoms and of no value in transient ischaemia. PMID- 7373317 TI - Visual field abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. AB - Visual fields were examined with a tangent screen in 54 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) or optic neuritis (ON). Visual fields were abnormal in all patients with definite MS, 94% with probable MS and 81% with possible MS. Three quarters of the MS patients with no history of visual symptoms had abnormal fields. The commonest defect found was an arcuate scotoma. As a diagnostic test of visual pathway involvement in MS, tangent screen examination compares favourably with more sophisticated methods. PMID- 7373316 TI - Leprosy in peripheral nerves: histopathological findings in 119 untreated patients in Nepal. AB - From a series of 343 nerve biopsies taken by one clinician over a period of 12 years in Nepal, this paper describes the histopathological findings in 153 biopsies from 119 patients suffering from tuberculoid, borderline (dimorphous) or lepromatous leprosy, who were untreated at the time of first presentation and diagnosis. They were taken during the course of other studies, mainly concerned with the mode of transmission of leprosy, and which included biopsies of skin, dartos muscle, nasal mucous membrane and nipple, results of which have already been published. Examination of serial sections by light microscopy revealed a density of cellular infiltration in non-lepromatous cases, or of bacilli in macrophages and Schwann cells in lepromatous cases, which was marked in degree and usually widespread from one end of the biopsy to the other. Intraneural caseation was recorded in four patients with tuberculoid or borderline tuberculoid leprosy, and many others in this part of the spectrum showed extensive disruption of perineurial and endoneurial structure. In lepromatous patients, the numbers of bacilli in the endoneurial area not infrequently exceeded one thousand per oil immersion field. Although well known to histopathologists familiar with this disease, it is considered that the significance of these findings, in patients presenting for the first time, is not well appreciated by those working in general medicine, neurology, epidemiology, or even in leprosy control. PMID- 7373318 TI - A clinical comparative study of multiple sclerosis and neuro-Behcet's syndrome. AB - Clinical comparisons were made between Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis (66 cases) and neuro-Behcet's syndrome (23 cases). Those with neuro-Behcet showed marked male predominance, while those with multiple sclerosis showed slight female preponderance. Both showed encephalomyelopathy disseminated in time and space. Patients with multiple sclerosis, however, showed a more polyphasic course, whilst those with neuro-Behcet showed a more progressive one. In multiple sclerosis optic neuritis, acute transverse myelitis, painful tonic seizures, mental disturbance and internuclear ophthalmoplegia were common. On the other hand, in neuro-Behcet the main neurological manifestation was progressive pseudobulbar palsy. Serum and CSF showed more inflammatory changes in neuro Behcet than in multiple sclerosis. Clinical estimation suggested that in multiple sclerosis the main lesions were in the optic nerve, tegmentum of the brain stem and spinal cord, whereas in neuro-Behcet they were in the basal parts of the brain stem. PMID- 7373320 TI - The relationship between tactile thresholds and histology in the human finger. AB - Touch detection and two-point discrimination thresholds at three sites on the distal phalanx of the little finger were compared with the histology of the same three sites in amputated fingers. No consistent relationship could be demonstrated between sensitivity to touch and the population density of Meissner corpuscles or other organised endings. However, the findings do not negate the suggestion that Meissner corpuscles may be involved in two-point discrimination. PMID- 7373319 TI - Effects of hypercapnia and arterial hypotension and hypertension on cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure and intracranial volume-pressure relationships. AB - In twelve anaesthetised, ventilated dogs the effects of hypercapnia and pharmacologically induced arterial hypotension and hypertension on the interrelation between volume-pressure response (VPR) and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) pulse pressure were studied during continuous inflation of a supratentorial extradural balloon. Hypercapnia did not significantly affect the intracranial volume-pressure relationships, but did cause a significant increase in gradient of the relationship between CSF pulse pressure and intracranial pressure (ICP). Alteration of the arterial blood pressure showed opposite effects on VPR and CSF pulse pressure. A decrease in VPR and an increase in pulse pressure were observed during arterial hypotension; the reverse was found during arterial hypertension. The discrepancy between the effects on VPR and CSF pulse pressure of the variables under study was explained by changes in the transient increase in cerebral blood volume per cardiac cycle. On the basis of the results of this study it will be possible, during clinical ICP monitoring, to interpret changes in the CSF pulse pressure to ICP ratio in terms of changes in intracranial volume pressure relationships. PMID- 7373321 TI - Relative changes with contraction in the central excitability state of the tibialis anterior and calf muscles. AB - F responses were recorded from the surface of the tibialis muscle and medial aspect of the soleus muscle in 14 normal subjects. The persistence (that is the fraction of measurable F responses found with a series of supramaximal stimuli) and average F amplitudes (measured peak-to-peak and based on at least five F responses) were determined both at rest and with isometric contraction with the ankle maintained at 90 degrees. Although the persistence at rest was significantly less in the tibialis anterior soleus than the (p less than 0.001), no significant difference was found with the muscles contracted. This was associated with a significant increase in both average F amplitudes and average F amplitude/direct motor response ratios in the tibialis anterior in comparison to the soleus. In four of the subjects, studies were also performed when the H reflex in the soleus muscle was eliminated by thigh compression. Comparable changes in both F response persistence and average F amplitude were found with and without an H reflex. These data indicate that, in contrast to the situation at rest, with isometric contraction the "central excitatory state" of the tibialis anterior is at least as great as in its antagonist antigravity muscles and that this is not due simply to increased large fiber reflex input associated with agonist contraction. PMID- 7373323 TI - Action tremor in Parkinson's disease. AB - Electromyographic activity of the biceps muscle was examined in 38 parkinsonian patients and 33 normal subjects during (i) rapidly alternating pronation supination movements (RAM) of the forearm, and (ii) single pronation or supination movements in response to visual (light) or to kinesthetic signals (displacements of the hand). Biceps electromyography (EMG) displayed rhythmic activity over the supination phase of RAM in the majority of the parkinsonian patients, whereas continuous activity was evident in most normal subjects. Similar phenomena were observed when single movements were executed in response to visual or kinesthetic signals. Rhythmic activity could be triggered without any external displacements by voluntarily initiated supination of a previously quiescent limb even before actual movement of the limb occurred. Voluntary pronation (involving biceps inactivation) did not trigger any rhythmic biceps activity. The results are interpreted to support the hypothesis that parkinsonian patients have action tremor because voluntarily initiated activity leads to oscillations in internal feedback circuit involving descending pathways from motor cortex to spinal cord, and ascending pathways from the spinal cord back to the motor cortex. PMID- 7373322 TI - Physiological tremor enhanced by manoeuvres affecting the segmental stretch reflex. AB - In view of recent evidence that physiological tremor can be enhanced by positive feedback via the segmental stretch reflex, several manoeuvres and procedures were employed to enhance the finger and hand tremor of healthy subjects--the purpose being to determine if tremorogenic effects, at least in part, are due to increase efficacy of the stretch reflex servo. Mechanical events during tremor (and during voluntary or electrically induced muscle twitches) were recorded together with EMG activity from wrist and finger flexor muscles and discharges from primary spindle endings in these muscles. Physiological tremor can be enhanced not only by manoeuvres which increase the gain of segmental stretch reflexes (Jendrassik manoeuvre) but also by manoeuvres which increase the contrast in spindle firing during stretch versus shortening phases of tremor, thus enhancing reflex modulation. Effects of the latter type can be achieved by procedures which alter mechanical twitch properties of extrafusal fibres (isoproterenol infusions and fatigue) and by procedures which involve application of spindle stimuli acting preferentially during stretch phases of tremor movements (muscle vibrations). Physiological tremor, which can be temporarily enhanced by an externally applied muscle perturbation, also becomes accentuated by those small "pseudo-myoclonic" jerks which occur in all normal subjects attempting to perform slow, smooth movements. PMID- 7373324 TI - Oxiperomide in tardive dyskinesia. AB - Tardive dyskinesia can be suppressed by dopaminergic receptor blockers, but often at the cost of a reciprocal increase in Parkinsonism. Oxiperomide, a dopaminergic antagonist that has been shown to reduce levodopa-induced dyskinesias without producing an equal aggravation of Parkinsonism, was evaluated in a blind placebo controlled trial in 10 patients with tardive dyskinesia. It decreased tardive dyskinesia significantly (p less than 0.01) without significantly provoking or increasing Parkinsonism. There was no relationship between either tardive dyskinesia or Parkinsonism and eye blinking rates. These results can be interpreted as additional evidence for the existence of more than one population of dopamine receptors involved in controlling extrapyramidal function. Although oxiperomide is only a palliative suppressing agent in tardive dyskinesia, as the symptoms returned when the drug was stopped, it is an interesting agent in the search for selective dopaminergic receptor blockers. PMID- 7373325 TI - Interfascicular neurolysis in chronic ulnar nerve lesions at the elbow: an electrophysiological study. AB - Interfascicular neurolysis of the ulnar nerve at the elbow was performed in nine consecutive patients with moderate to severe ulnar palsy. Sensory and motor conduction velocities were determined before and up to six times after the operation, and a follow-up period of three years or more in all but two patients. None of the patients recovered after the operation, and all developed severe and sometimes persistent paraesthesiae. Electrophysiologically there was no evidence of improvement immediately following the operation. On the contrary in some patients there were changes suggesting deterioration. At the final investigation most electrophysiological parameters were still abnormal. The only significant change was an increase in the amplitude of sensory action potentials at the wrist and just below the elbow. Only one patient showed a more synchronised sensory potential after operation. It is our conclusion that interfascicular neurolysis of the ulnar nerve should be abandoned. PMID- 7373326 TI - Trichinella thrives in both oxidative and glycolytic human muscle fibres. AB - In a deltoid biopsy from a severe case of human trichinosis the larvae of Trichinella spiralis did not exhibit any predilection for any particular fibre type. Type I and type II fibres were involved with a frequency proportionate to their distribution in the muscle sampled. PMID- 7373327 TI - Recurrent pain of a pseudotabetic variety after laminectomy for lumbar disc lesion. AB - A variety of pain resembling the lightning pains of tabes dorsalis is described in patients suffering from persistent sciatica, following laminectomy for lumbar disc disease. It occurs in about 13% of those complaining of post-laminectomy pain and in 5% of all those having a laminectomy for disc disease. It is associated with damage to the nerve root and may be precipitated by nerve root resection. About half the patients may get some relief from carbamazepine or clonazepam and the syndrome shows a tendency to improve gradually over three to five years. PMID- 7373328 TI - Transient global amnesia--a hippocampal phenomenon? AB - A case of transient global amnesia of clear vascular aetiology is described. Results of neuropsychological testing carried out during the attack clarify the nature of the memory disorder and suggest that the critical region of ischaemia is the medial temporal area around the hippocampus. Follow-up testing suggests that no lasting memory impairment resulted. PMID- 7373329 TI - Idiopathic familial basal ganglia calcification associated with juvenile hypertension. PMID- 7373331 TI - Patient-specific anti=acetylcholine receptor antibody patterns in myasthenia gravis. AB - Anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies have been determined in the sera of ten myasthenic patients over a period of several months which in each case included a series of plasma-exchanges coupled with immunosuppressive therapy. The ratio of anti-(extra-junctional rat AChR): anti-(human AChR) antibody titres was found to vary with the patient but to be constant for a given patient over the period of study. Similar indications of a patient-specific anti-AChR antibody pattern were obtained by using junctional as well as extra-junctional rat AChR and also by precipitation of human AChR in the presence of excess antiserum. Individual anti-AChR antibody patterns may have relevance to the varying courses taken by myasthenia gravis in different patients. PMID- 7373332 TI - Neurophysiological mechanisms in abnormal reflex activities in cerebral palsy and spinal spasticity. AB - Dorsal root stimulation, carried out during operation in 80 spastic cerebral palsy patients and in one spastic quadriplegic patient, allowed a study of abnormal monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes. Frequency-related depression of the monosynaptic reflex was not present; increased activity through non suppressed polysynaptic pathways was shown. PMID- 7373330 TI - Paroxysmal symptoms as the first manifestations of multiple sclerosis. AB - Paroxysmal symptoms are described in 14 patients with undoubted or suspected multiple sclerosis (MS). In seven of the patients the paroxysms were the first symptom of the disease, although only one has developed definite MS so far. The clinical features have been compared with 153 patients previously reported in the literature which has been reviewed, with special reference to 36 in whom paroxysmal symptoms were the initial manifestations of MS. Attention has been focused on paroxysmal symptoms of brain stem and spinal cord origin of the following types: paroxysmal dysarthria and ataxia, diplopia, tonic seizures, paroxysmal akinesia, paroxysmal sensory disturbances and pains. Examples of each type have been reported as the first symptoms of MS with remissions ranging from less than one to 21 years before other manifestations of MS have developed. PMID- 7373333 TI - Abnormal vascular reflexes in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. AB - Vascular reflexes were assessed in 17 adult patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease using the Valsalva manoeuvre, and the pulse rate and systolic blood pressure responses to standing. Six patients showed abnormalities consistent with an autonomic neuropathy. One patient had giant nerve fibre bundles in the myenteric plexus of bowel resected for co-existent Crohn's disease, indicating histological involvement of these autonomic neurones. Other evidence of an autonomic component to the peripheral neuropathy of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is reviewed. PMID- 7373335 TI - Cerebral systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report and evaluation of diagnostic tests. AB - We describe a 34 year old woman who presented initially with a progressive pseudobulbar palsy. A delay of five months occurred before a diagnosis of cerebral systemic lupus erythematosus was made. Currently available investigations for cerebral systemic lupus erythematosus are evaluated and the need for an easily performed specific diagnostic test is discussed. PMID- 7373336 TI - Oxpentifylline in Parkinson's disease. AB - The effects of oxpentifylline were assessed in a double-blind trial in 11 patients with Parkinson's disease already under treatment. No significant improvement was noted. Eight patients developed involuntary movements or a worsening of movements if already present. The significance of this unexpected finding is discussed. PMID- 7373338 TI - A double blind study of metoclopramide in the treatment of migraine attacks. AB - One hundred and fifty patients with migraine attacks attending the Copenhagen acute migraine clinic were treated either with metoclopramide 10 mg i.m. metoclopramide 20 mg as suppository or placebo in a double blind trial. All patients simultaneously or 30 minutes later received paracetamol 1 g and diazepam 5 mg orally. The nausea was relieved in 71% of the patients by placebo and bed rest, but metoclopramide was significantly (p = 0.04) more effective and relieved nausea in 86% of the patients. Metoclopramide did not by itself reduce the pain, but enhanced the effect of the analgesic or sedative medication. This effect, however, just failed to be statistically significant (p = 0.06). PMID- 7373334 TI - Posterior callosal section in a non-epileptic patient. AB - The major studies of the effects of callosal section in humans have been conducted in severe epileptic patients in whom commissurotomy has been performed for management of intractable seizures. In spite of the evidence which has been amassed it is possible to criticise the results, on the grounds that all patients had seizures for many years prior to surgery and hence it is conceivable that some adaptive reorganisation of the epileptic brain might account for the different behaviour of the two hemispheres. Specifically, since the primary epileptic focus and its possible underlying focal damage are often asymmetric, one hemisphere might have had to adapt to the functional deficit of the other and thereby produce the basis for the unusually striking hemispheric differences. The answer to these reservations must come from the study of non-epileptic subjects who undergo some form of commissurotomy for reasons other than treatment of seizures, particularly if the intervention involves the posterior third of the corpus callosum, the sector considered responsible for the more remarkable "disconnection" signs. Only seven such cases have been reported. Here we report findings in a non-epileptic and previously normal 16-year-old boy who underwent section of the splenium for exploration of a pineal tumour. Our results indicate that surgical section of the splenium produced visual disconnection signs comparable to those seen in epileptic patients with complete commissurotomy. PMID- 7373337 TI - Phenobarbitone in previously untreated epilepsy. AB - In a prospective study we used phenobarbitone to treat 13 new patients with epilepsy (eight adults and five children). Full seizure control was achieved in 11 patients and poor compliance was documented in one of the remaining two patients (in both of whom seizures were reduced by over 50%). Doses sufficient to give mean steady state plasma levels of more than 43 mumol/l (10 microgram/ml) appeared to be associated with better seizure control than lower doses. No serious side effects were observed. PMID- 7373339 TI - Arterial air embolism. PMID- 7373340 TI - Ocular myopathy and Marfan's syndrome. A family study. PMID- 7373341 TI - Cell counts in human cerebral cortex in normal adults throughout life using an image analysing computer. AB - Cortical cells have been counted in 11 areas of brain from each of 64 normal subjects from 18 to 95 years of age, all cases studied being selected after careful consideration of their clinical records and detailed histological examination of the brain. Cells (features) in cresyl fast violet stained 20 micrometer paraffin sections were initially divided into 8 groups according to size in multiple columns of cortical tissue; statistical evaluation of the results showed that there were 3 populations of cortical cells, based on size discrimination, which behaved in significantly different ways. The smallest cells have been designated "glial celons were initially divided into 8 groups according to size in multiple columns of cortical tissue; statistical evaluation of the results showed that there were 3 populations of cortical cells, based on size discrimination, which behaved in significantly different ways. The smallest cells have been designated "glial cells" and the other two groups "small" and "large" neurons. The number of cells in all three groups decreased from youth to old age, the least loss being in the "glial cells" and the greatest (up to 60%) in "large neurons". The variation and statistical significance of cell loss in each cell group in the different areas examined is described, and the findings in this investigation discussed in relation to previous studies using manual methods. PMID- 7373342 TI - An ultrastructural study of multifidus muscle in progressive idiopathic scoliosis. Changes resulting from a sarcolemmal defect at the myotendinous junction. AB - Biopsies of multifidus muscles were procured from patients with idiopathic scoliosis prior to Harrington rod instrumentation. Specimens from both convex and concave sides at the apex of the curve were examined by light and electron microscopy and compared with normal muscle samples. Abnormalities were detected on the concave aspect of the curve and the most dramatic morphological changes were noted at the myotendinous junction. Here a structural defect in the form of discontinuities in the sarcolemmal membranes of some muscle fibres was accompanied by large numbers of intimately-adhering connective tissue cells. Structural disorganization of the associated tendon occurred in conjunction with increased vascularization and with fatty cell and leukocyte infiltration. Further from the myotendon junction, structural lesions appeared more chronic and non specific subsequent to the incipient sarcolemmal break in the affected muscle fibres. Hypertrophy, atrophy, centralization of nuclei, and disruption of sarcotubular and myofibrillar elements were noted in some muscle cells. While the aetiology of this disorder is unknown, a supposition is made that the primary change is an inherent weakness and subsequent break in the sarcolemma at the myotendon junction. This site is an important clue to the pathogenesis of this disease since it reflects morphological change in rapidly growing tissue occurring at the time of the rapid adolescent growth spurt leading to progression of the scoliotic curve. PMID- 7373344 TI - Remyelination by cells introduced into a stable demyelinating lesion in the central nervous system. AB - Schwann cells from an autogeneic peripheral nerve source were injected into an established demyelinating lesion produced by the direct micro-injection of diphtheria toxin into the cat spinal cord. In control diphtheria toxin lesions, which were not injected with Schwann cells, demyelination and some oligodendrocyte remyelination was seen but Schwann cell remyelination was not observed. In diphtheria toxin lesions which were wholly confined to the posterior columns, Schwann cell myelin was not seen before 3 weeks after cell injection. The Schwann cell myelinated fibres occurred singly or in small groups within the posterior columns and were considered to have been myelinated by injected Schwann cells. By one month Schwann cell myelinated fibres had thick myelin sheaths but many demyelinated axons remained. By contrast, in more extensive diphtheria toxin lesions there was widespread Schwann cell remyelination of central axons at all stages examined after cell injection. The Schwann cell myelinated fibres were grouped in large numbers around the damaged dorsal root entry zones, the likely source of Schwann cells in these lesions. It is concluded that CNS remyelination may be improved by the injection of peripheral Schwann cells although the extent of remyelination is limited. One facet limiting remyelination may be the concentration of Schwann cells that it is possible to inject with present techniques. Functional recovery remains to be investigated. PMID- 7373345 TI - Morphogenesis of experimental encephalocele (Cranioschisis occulta). PMID- 7373343 TI - A study of a myopathy presenting as idiopathic scoliosis. Multicore disease or mitochondrial myopathy? AB - Seven cases from a family with a myopathy categorized as "multicore disease" are presented. The clinical picture is unusual because of the predominant progressive involvement of the axial skeletal muscle, with scoliosis and disproportionate respiratory failure as the major clinical features. The propositus and his cousin have both suffered from scoliosis without limb weakness. There is a possibility that this myopathy may be responsible for some cases regarded as idiopathic scoliosis, especially idiopathic infantile scoliosis. The clinical picture is highly variable, and there are sub-clinical cases. The inheritance pattern is consistent with either autosomal dominant, sex-linked recessive or extra chromosomally inherited disease. Electron microscopy revealed mitochondrial abnormalities, which may have resulted in the Z-disc pathology. PMID- 7373346 TI - Differences in early ultrastructural aspects of the replication of measles and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis viruses in a cell culture from a human astrocytoma. AB - Monolayer cultures from a human astrocytoma were infected with small amounts of Mantooth Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) and Edmonston measles viruses. The infected cells were studied with an electron microscope 48 hours and 96 hours post-inoculation (PI). By 48 hours PI, both viruses produced syncytia and cytoplasmic inclusions of granular nucleocapsids 20 to 25 nm in diameter which did not differ in appearance. With the Edmonston measles virus granular nucleocapsids assembled into budding particles were found just under the cell membrane while nucleocapsids of Mantooth SSPE virus spared the area under the cell membrane and were not incorporated into budding particles. Inclusions of smooth nucleocapsids, 15 nm in diameter, could be seen within the nuclei of Mantooth SSPE virus infected cells 96 hours PI; such nuclear inclusions were not found in the Edmonston measles virus infected cells. These results are compared with those obtained in other cell systems and are discussed with respect to recent findings in the field of SSPE. PMID- 7373347 TI - Ultrastructural localization of the terminal and lytic ninth complement component (C9) at the motor end-plate in myasthenia gravis. AB - The terminal and lytic complement component (C9) was localized at the motor end plate in acquired autoimmune myasthenia gravis (MG) by the immunoperoxidase method, with adequate preservation of fine structure and negligible background staining. C9 was localized on short segments of the postsynaptic membrane on degenerated fragments of the junctional folds shed into the synaptic space, and on disintegrating junctional folds. An inverse relationship was noted between the structural integrity of the junctional folds and the abundance of C9 at a given end-plate region. Destruction of junctional folds by complement may induce relocation of the nerve terminal and increased spatial separation of end-plate regions on the muscle fiber. Destruction of junctional folds by the complement membrane attack complex is a cause of the acetylcholine receptor deficiency at the MG end-plate, but antibody-dependent modulation of the receptor may also contribute to deficiency of the receptor. In certain disorders other than autoimmune MG, pathological mechanisms other than complement-mediated lysis may affect the structural integrity of the postsynaptic region. PMID- 7373348 TI - Atypical myogenesis in hamster hereditary polymyopathy. An in vitro study. AB - An in vitro study of dissociated muscle cells from normal and myopathic neonatal hamsters was undertaken in an attempt to characterize, by morphological means, a possible abnormal myogenesis in the hereditary polymyopathy of the hamster. There were fundamental structural differences between mononucleated muscle cells before and during myogenic cell fusion, as well as between multinucleated myotubes of normal and myopathic cultures. With reference to conventional morphologic features of normal muscle cultures, more numerous "atypical" foci of myogenesis, some with a bizarre appearance, were seen in myopathic hamsters, as compared to the controls. Because the cultured cells developed in the absence of vascular and neurogenic influences, a myogenic origin may be inferred for the different structural base found in vitro in the myopathic hamster. PMID- 7373349 TI - Experimental carbon monoxide leucoencephalopathy in the cat. AB - After left common carotid artery ligation, cats were exposed to different CO gas concentrations for different periods, and the cerebral lesions were examined by light and electron microscopy at different intervals after exposure. Exposure to the higher concentration produced severe cardiopulmonary disturbances, and swelling of astrocytes in the white matter on the ligated side. This change was maximal at 1 to 3 days after exposure and subsided within one week. In cats exposed longer, necrotic or cystic lesions were observed on the ligated side. Prolonged exposure to the lower concentrations resulted in edema and reactive and degenerative axonal changes, followed by disintegration and phagocytosis of myelin sheaths, patches of demyelination, such as are seen in Grinker's leucoencephalopathy, were observed on the ligated and, to a lesser degree, on the non-ligated side. These lesions in the cerebral white matter may be related to the degree and duration of anoxic or histotoxic anoxia, or both, induced secondarily by the effects of the CO gas on cardiopulmonary function, and to the survival intervals after exposure. We postulate that the pathological change in experimental Grinker's leucoencephalopathy may be due to Wallerian degeneration or a dying-back process, rather than to true demyelination. PMID- 7373350 TI - Age-related changes in effects of monocular deprivation on cat striate cortex neurons. PMID- 7373351 TI - Effects of neonatal enucleation on receptive-field properties of visual neurons in superior colliculus of the golden hamster. AB - 1. Monocular enucleation in infant hamsters results in a marked expansion of the normally very limited ipsilateral retinotectal projection (13). In 34 hamsters subjected to removal of one eye within 12 h of birth, the receptive-field characteristics of superior collicular neurons ipsilateral and contralateral to the remaining eye were investigated quantitatively and compared to those of normal animals. In six additional neonatal enucleates, the density of the expanded retinotectal projection was studied with the autoradiographic method and an attempt was made to relate the anatomical reorganization with the electrophysiological findings, 2. The response characteristics of visual cells in the colliculus contralateral to the remaining eye were not significantly different from those observed in normal animals. In the ipsilateral tectum, however, numerous changes were observed. Visual receptive fields were abnormally large. The incidence of directional selectivity was markedly reduced, as were the magnitudes of the discharges elicited by either flashed or moving stimuli. Fewer cells were activated by small flashed spots and most of the units that were responsive to such stimulation failed to exhibit the surround suppression typical for the majority of tectal neurons in normal hamsters. Most cells in the ipsilateral colliculus responded only to relatively low (less than 50 degrees/s) stimulus velocities and response decrements resulting from repeated stimulation also occurred much more readily for the neurons tested on this side. 3. The results of additional experiments in neonatal enucleates (n = 8), which were also subjected to acute bilateral removal of the visual cortex, demonstrated that such damage resulted in a marked reduction in the incidence of directional selectivity in the colliculus contralateral to the remaining eye but had no effect on the responses of cells innervated by the aberrant ipsilateral pathway. 4. A correlation between the relative density of the ipsilateral retinal projection at different points in the colliculus, as demonstrated by the autroradiography and the nature of the visual responses obtained in different portions of the structure, indicated that receptive-field size was negatively correlated with the density of the aberrant retinotectal projection and that absolute responsivity (number of impulses elicited by an optimal stimulus) was positively correlated with autoradiographic grain density. 5. These findings demonstrate that while the aberrant retinocollicular projection can, along with the other visual inputs to the tectum, result in the organization of normal response properties for a small number of tectal neurons, the majority of the visual cells innervated by this pathway have responses that are appreciably different from normal. PMID- 7373352 TI - Rapid ankle extension during paw shakes: selective recruitment of fast ankle extensors. AB - 1. Electromyographic (EMG) signals from slow (soleus) and fast (lateral gastrocnemius) ankle extensors of six cats were recorded during rapid and alternate flexion-extension of the hindlimb elicited by placing the paw in water or by sticking tape to the plantar pads. High-speed 16-mm film, taken at 100 or 200 frames/s, was analyzed to determine the knee and ankle joint kinematics. 2. During 77 typical records, which averaged eight paw shakes each, a single extension-flexion cycle measured by the paw shake interval (PSI) of the electromyogram record, averaged 88 ms and ranged from 55 to 110 ms. LG EMG bursts of 10 ms in duration were synchronized with the peak displacement of ankle flexion. The SOL was inactive throughout these typical records. 3. During four atypical records from one cat, the average OSI was 141 ms, and both lateral gastrocnemius (LG and soleus (SOL) were active simultaneously. At a range of 6--8 cycles/s, these slower shakes are comparable to rhythmic actions of scratching )12) and locomotion (27); cyclic movements that typically include the recruitment of soleus. 4. It is suggested that paw shaking is an automatic movement triggered primarily by large, low-threshold afferents innervating the central plantar pads, which may selectively recruit the fast extensors while inhibiting the slow extensor. This is the only movement of the hindlimb recorded to date in our laboratory in which the tlg was active without the SOL. This unique dissociation of recruitment of slow and fast ankle extensors may be dictated by the time constraints imposed by the rapid cyclic movements of paw shaking. PMID- 7373353 TI - Experimental strabismus in the kitten. AB - 1. We have examined the relative roles of visual and nonvisual input to striate cortex cells in causing the breakdown of binocularity produced by brief periods of visual-axis misalignment in kittens. 2. In the first study, the binocularity of single neurons recorded from the striate cortex was assessed in kittens reared with either surgical or optical strabismus. Surgical strabismus was induced by performing a unilateral medial rectus tenotomy, and optical strabismus by means of goggles that held prisms of equal power before the two eyes with their bases oriented in opposite directions. The loss of functional binocular connections was of comparable severity in these two groups of kittens. Control kittens, reared wearing goggles containing prisms whose bases were oriented in the same direction, showed normal levels of binocularity. 3. In the second experiment, normal kittens were given a surgical strabismus at around 1 mo of age and kept in total darkness for 2 days, 2 wk, or 4 wk. Cortical binocularity was normal in these kittens. 4. Finally, a group of kittens was reared in the illuminated colony with a symmetric surgical strabismus (bilateral medial rectus tenotomy). These kittens suffered a severe loss in cortical binocularity that was comparable to that seen in control kittens reared with asymmetric (unilateral) strabismus. 5. We conclude that altered visual input caused by misregister of the images falling in the two eyes is necessary and almost certainly sufficient to cause breakdown of cortical binocularity in kittens exposed to brief periods of divergent strabismus and that, when strabismus is induced surgically, this loss of binocularity is not dependent on the symmetry of the surgical manipulation; we thus find no evidence for a special role of afferents from the extraocular muscles in producing this effect. PMID- 7373354 TI - Reappraisal of somatotopic tactile representation within trigeminal subnucleus caudalis. AB - 1. The medulla oblongata caudal to the obex was explored with glass capillary microelectrodes filled with fast green dye in urethan-chloralose-anesthetized cats. Concurrently, the trigeminal integument was mechanically stimulated. Two classes of units, which were activated by innocuous mechanical stimulation of the ipsilateral trigeminal integument, were identified. Both of them showed a somatotopic organization. 2. Units maximally activated by tactile stimulation of a small receptive field in the ipsilateral trigeminal integument were located in pars magnocellularis of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis. Receptive field falling within, the mandibular distribution were found in the dorsomedial part of pars magnocellularis, maxillary fields occurred next, and ophthalmic fields were represented ventrolaterally. The rostrum (the mouth and nose) was represented just behind the obex, and the receptive field represented gradually shifted to the periphery of the face along the rostrocaudal axis, finally proceeding to dermatomes of cervical segments. At each transverse plane, tactile sensation of the most rostral segment of the represented integument projected onto the marginal zone of pars magnocellularis immediately adjacent to substantia gelatinosa, while the most peripheral segment projected onto the core of quasi semicircular pars magnocellularis. The result is in contrast with the scheme proposed by previous investigators. 3. Within the lateral part of subnucleus reticularis dorsalis medullae oblongatae, which is ventromedially contiguous with pars magnocellularis, trigeminal units homologous with lamina V units in the spinal dorsal horn were identified. Typically, these units had a graded response in the center of the receptive field, but responded only to strong mechanical stimuli applied to the periphery of the receptive field. In the center of the receptive field, tactile stimulation of a small restricted area was effective, and the tactile receptive field showed a somatotopic organization. The mandibular distribution was represented dorsomedially, the maxillary distribution next to that, and the ophthalmic distribution laterally. Furthermore, a rostrocaudal differentiation similar to that observed with tactile units in pars magnocellularis was found. Hence, a double somatotopic representation of tactile sensation within the caudal medulla oblongata was indicated. PMID- 7373355 TI - Distributed processing by visual interneurons of crayfish brain. I. Response characteristics and synaptic interactions. AB - 1. The visual responses and synaptic interactions of a small population of crayfish interneurons are described. 2. The discharge of optic nerve sustaining fibers (tonic on-cells) appears in the brain prior to the onset of the light evoked discharge of any of the higher order, descending visual interneurons. Direct depolarization of impaled sustaining fibers elicits impulse responses in a large number of descending interneurons. These results indicate that the sustaining fibers provide the visual input to higher order interneurons. 3. Four classes of descending interneurons can be distinguished. All arise in the brain and have axons in the circumesophageal connectives. The response forms vary from tonic to phasic. Two classes of tonic cells are distinguished by response latency and two classes of phasic neurons are distinguished by the rate of response adaptation. The phasic neurons exhibit the most rapid habituation, the largest receptive fields, and the most potent nonvisual inputs. 4. Synaptic interactions are studied by cross-correlation of impulse trains and direct observation of synaptic potentials. About 84% of the cells examined reveal evidence of functional connections to other descending visual interneurons. 5. Cross correlograms derived from impulses of parallel interneurons exhibit a mean time lage to peak of 6.6 +/- 2.8 ms (SD). The measured delay from EPSP onset to spike onset is 6.0 +/- 4.0 ms. Thus a substantial proportion of the correlogram's time lag to peak is associated with postsynaptic integration time. 6. Direct depolarization of impaled tonic on-cells elicits impulse activity at a fixed delay in other descending interneurons. 7. Synaptic potentials in descending visual interneurons are correlated 1:1 with axon spikes of other descending interneurons. 8. A third of the 80 interactions examined were reciprocal and many cells were implicated in multiple interactions. 9. The results suggest that the descending visual interneurons are organized in a complex network, which can cordinate the discharge of various subpopulations of the ensemble. It is proposed that the coordination of impulses in parallel interneurons may be a mechanism for coding and information transfer in the crayfish nervous system. PMID- 7373356 TI - Distributed processing by visual interneurons of crayfish brain. II. Network organization and stimulus modulation of synaptic efficacy. AB - 1. Multiple interactions were examined between five or six visual neurons simultaneously monitored in the circumesophageal connective. 2. A single neuron can make divergent connections to at least five other visual interneurons. 3. Conversely, a single cell may receive convergent inputs from up to four visual interneurons. 4. The convergent interactions are sufficiently intense so that 80- 90% of a postsynaptic cell's visual activity can be attributed to observed network interactions. 5. Connectivity diagrams suggest that the descending interneurons, which arise in the visual neuropil of the brain, are organized into three interconnected layers: a) neurons that receive input from the optic nerve and project to other visual interneurons, b) neurons that both receive input and project to other descending interneurons in the brain--these cells exhibit a preponderance of reciprocal interactions, c) neurons that receive input from both the first and second network layers and project exclusively to the more caudal ganglia of the ventral nerve cord. 6. The network is systematically organized with respect to visual and nonvisual responsiveness. The cells of the first layer exhibit the strongest visual responses. The cells of the third layer exhibit spontaneous activity and the strongest tactile and/or proprioceptive responses. 7. The intensity of the network interactions is under stimulus control. The synaptic efficacy of a presynaptic spike can vary by over 100-fold as a consequence of stimulus presentation and/or location. The expressed organization of the network thus exhibits a dynamic, stimulus-dependent, plasticity. 8. The results indicate that the descending visual interneurons of the brain rather than forming a parallel tract actually constitute a complex distributed network. Furthermore, the results indicate the feasibility of population neural coding based on stimulus-dependent inpulse coordination in an array of neurons. PMID- 7373357 TI - Localization and morphology of cat retractor bulbi motoneurons. AB - 1. Motoneurons innervating the cat retractor bulbi muscle have been identified by retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Following injections of the four slips of the retractor bulbi muscle, labeled motoneurons were found in the abducens nucleus overlapping the distribution of lateral rectus motoneurons and in the oculomotor nucleus partially overlapping the distribution of medial rectus motoneurons. Retractor bulbi motoneurons also were found in the accessory abducens nucleus situated ventral and lateral to the abducens nucleus. 2. Retractor bulbi motoneurons varied considerably in shape and size, but in all instances contained similar cytoplasmic organelles. Quantitative analyses of mean soma diameter indicated that the average size of retractor bulbi motoneurons was larger than the average size of lateral rectus and medial rectus motoneurons. 3. Retractor bulbi motoneurons in the accessory abducens nucleus were identified electrophysically and stained by intracellular injection of HRP. Neuronal reconstructions demonstrated a dorsomedial axonal trajectory directed toward the abducens nucleus and elongated dendritic fields oriented in a dorsomedial ventrolateral axis. Another major dendritic extension was directed toward the magnocellular division of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, a major source of excitatory input to these motoneurons. 4. Quantitative analyses of synaptic density indicated that the somata of retractor bulbi motoneurons were contacted by significantly fewer synaptic endings than the somata of motoneurons in the abducens nucleus. Retractor bulbi motoneurons in the abducens nucleus exhibited variations in synaptic density that were similar to the densities on lateral rectus motoneurons. 5. Given the morphological differences in location, size, and somadendritic extent between motoneurons in the accessory abducens, abducens and oculomotor nuclei, it is suggested that such features reflect functional differences between the motoneurons with respect to fiber composition of the muscles they innervate, and subsequently to the role each muscle plays in eye movement. 6. Since the morphological features of retractor bulbi motoneurons in the accessory abducens nucleus are quite different from those in either the abducens or oculomotor nuclei, it appears that each motoneuronal population may perform unique oculomotor functions. PMID- 7373358 TI - Spatial organization of catfish retinal neurons. I. Single- and random-bar stimulation. AB - 1. Receptive-field profiles of catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) retinal neurons were produced by a moving single bar or a moving random grating, which was swept across the cell's receptive field at a constant speed. 2. Bipolar cells form either an on- or an off-center biphasic field and are approximately linear in time and space. 3. Type-C or transient cells form predominantly monotonic receptive fields. We find two subclasses, one slow and the other fast transient cells. They can be identified functionally as well as morphologically. 4. Type-N or sustained cells form a biphasic receptive field, which is revealed by a bar of light. The monotonic field found by a spot or an annulus of light represents activity of the cell's field center. 5. There are two ganglion-cell types, small field cells and large-field cells. It appears as if small-field cells copy signals in the bipolar cells and large-field cells, signals in the type-N cells. We suggest, however, that this observation represents the limitation imposed by our stimuli rather than an overall functional characteristic of catfish ganglion cells. PMID- 7373359 TI - Spatial organizations of catfish retinal neurons. II. Circular stimulus. AB - 1. Temporal dynamics of receptive-field components were identified by use of circular stimuli whose diameter was modulated in white-noise fashion. 2. A thin ring of light evoked a complex response from the horizontal-cell soma but not from its axon. 3. All bipolar cells had a biphasic receptive field whose incremental sensitivities were comparable for the field's center and surround. 4. Type-N cells had a biphasic field whose two components were segregated both in time and space. 5. Type-C cells showed nonlinearities, which did not depend on the types of light inputs and which were intrinsic to the cell. 6. Ganglion cells could be classified roughly into two classes: small- and large-field cells. Their main nonlinearity was rectification. 7. Our studies on the catfish retna have shown that the distal cells are essentially linear in time and space and can be identified functionally by any type of input. The proximal cells, however, have a complex functional repertoire whose identification poses considerable difficulty. PMID- 7373360 TI - Exploring a vibratory systems analysis of human movement production. PMID- 7373361 TI - Spatial vision in cats with selective neural deficits. PMID- 7373362 TI - Properties of stimulus trains producing maximum tension-time area per pulse from single motor units in medial gastrocnemiu muscle of the cat. PMID- 7373363 TI - Discharge properties of hindlimb motoneurons in decerebrate cats during locomotion induced by mesencephalic stimulation. PMID- 7373364 TI - Responses of vestibulospinal and reticulospinal neurons to sinusoidal vestibular stimulation. PMID- 7373365 TI - Some properties of preganglionic neurons in upper thoracic spinal cord of the cat. PMID- 7373366 TI - Direction-selective cells in complex family in cat striate cortex. PMID- 7373367 TI - Short time scale correlations between discharges of medullary respiratory neurons. PMID- 7373368 TI - Effects of hair cell lesions on responses of cochlear nerve fibers. I. Lesions, tuning curves, two-tone inhibition, and responses to trapezoidal-wave patterns. PMID- 7373369 TI - Effects of hair cell lesions on responses of cochlear nerve fibers. II. Single- and two-tone intensity functions in relation to tuning curves. PMID- 7373370 TI - Preoperative treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms with tranexamic acid and monitoring of fibrinolytic activity. AB - The fibrinolytic activity in cerebrospinal fluid has been monitored by determination of levels of fibrin split products (FSP) in 23 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. In 20 of these 23, FSP was found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with levels ranging from 10 to 80 micrograms/ml. Eleven of the 23 patients were treated with 2 gm tranexamic acid daily. In these patients FSP was found in only two cases during the 2nd week, while in 12 untreated patients it was found in 10 cases. These results suggest that there exists a localized fibrinolytic activity, and monitoring the FSP levels in the CSF may be a simple and accurate method for controlling the efficiency of antifibrinolytic therapy. Thus, treatment could be begun with a lower dose, which could be increased later as deemed necessary from the results of careful monitoring. PMID- 7373371 TI - Spinal neurological complications of achondroplasia. Results of surgical treatment. AB - Spinal neurological complications caused the admission of 17 patients with achondroplasia to the UCLA affiliated hospitals between 1955 and 1979. These patients constituted 41% of all achondroplastic patients admitted during that period. The spinal stenotic syndromes could be divided into three groups: Group I: thoracolumbar stenosis (10 patients); Group II: foramen magnum and upper cervical stenosis (five patients); and Group III: generalized spinal stenosis (two patients). Eleven patients underwent a total of 18 decompressive operative procedures for treatment of paraparesis, quadriparesis, sensory deficits, and sphincter dysfunction. Excellent results were obtained with patients in Group I and II, 77% of whom were ambulatory and continent postoperatively. Two patients in Group III fared less well, showing steady neurological deterioration despite multiple operative procedures. The spectrum of spinal neurological manifestations secondary to achondroplasia is reviewed. Problems with conventional radiological studies and the potential role of computerized tomographic analysis of such patients are discussed. Recommendations for surgical technique are made. Early recognition, prompt clinical evaluation, and safe and accurate radiological analysis of spinal neurological complications of achondroplasia will allow appropriate decompressive surgical procedures to be performed. Excellent results may be anticipated in the reversal and prevention of neurological deficit secondary to achondroplasia with such an approach. PMID- 7373372 TI - The role of the sympathetic nervous system in pressor responses induced by spinal injury. AB - Spinal cord injury consistently evokes a transient 3- to 4-minute rise is systemic pressure, followed by prolonged hypotension. Because the role of the sympathetic nervous system in these blood pressure changes is not clear, the pressure responses were studied using systematic ablation of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. In total, 24 cats were subjected to bilateral thoracic sympathectomy, adrenalectomy, splanchnicectomy, combinations of the preceding, sham operation, or no treatment. Either 3 or 24 hours after the ablations, the blood pressure responses were evoked by 400 gm-cm contusions of the thoracic cord. Although neither thoracic sympathectomy nor adrenalectomy alone abolished the hypertensive phase, the combination of the two procedures did. This suggests that both the thoracic sympathetic ganglia and the adrenal glands participate in the pressor response. Thoracic sympathectomy affected primarily the early part, whereas adrenalectomy diminished the later part of the hypertensive response. This correlates with the function of the former being neurally and the latter being humorally mediated. None of the sympathetic lesions consistently affected the hypotensive phase. Spinal contusion injury produces widespread sympathetic activation, mediating the hypertensive changes. PMID- 7373374 TI - Familial intracranial aneurysms. Six cases among 13 siblings. AB - The authors present a family of 13 siblings: six are proven to have had intracranial aneurysms, five have had elective cerebral angiography with normal findings, and two have refused angiography. Of the six aneurysm cases, two had disabling and one had fatal subarachnoid hemorrhages; three underwent successful clipping of their aneurysms which were discovered by elective angiography. It is concluded that the two remaining patients who have refused angiography have a 50% statistical chance of harboring a potentially lethal aneurysm, for in this family the occurrences of six proven cases among 11 siblings studied is consistent with a dominant Mendelian inheritance. PMID- 7373373 TI - Experimental intracranial aneurysms in rats. A gross and microscopic study. AB - Experimental cerebral aneurysms were induced in rats in which the left carotid artery was ligated. The rats were rendered hypertensive by the Goldblatt procedure, and fed a diet containing beta-aminopropionitrile. These intracranial aneurysms have significant gross and microscopic similarities to human berry aneurysms. The procedures and microscopic observations indicate that this experimental model could be useful for studying the development, pathophysiology, and therapy of saccular aneurysms. PMID- 7373375 TI - Direct percutaneous cerebral angiography in neurosurgical practice. AB - A retrospective analysis of 1171 consecutive percutaneous retrograde brachial and carotid cerebral angiograms was performed on 635 patients, 50.7% of whom were in the sixth decade or older. Symptoms and signs of cerebrovascular disease were the most frequently investigated and diagnosed, accounting for 46.7% of all the angiograms. Despite this relatively high-risk population, we have found direct percutaneous cerebral angiography to have a very low risk. The pros and cons of direct percutaneous versus transfemoral cerebral angiography are discussed. The literature of the previous 10 years is reviewed, and the complication rate of these two techniques is compared. PMID- 7373376 TI - Effect of surgery on BCNU chemotherapy in a rat brain tumor model. AB - In Fischer 344 rats, 9L tumors were implanted in the left cerebral hemisphere. Compared with control animals not operated on, rats treated with an LD10 dose of BCNU 1 hour before or 1 or 12 hours after surgery on Day 16 postimplant had an increased life span of over 200% (greater than a 6 log cell kill). Minimal effect on survival was found when BCNU was administered during surgery. On the other hand, BCNU administered 12 hours before or 24 or 72 hours after surgery did not show any additive effect of surgery on BCNU treatment. These results suggest that in a clinical setting, a bolus of BCNU administered to tumor patients within 12 hours of surgery might increase substantially the total tumor cell kill compared with surgical resection alone. PMID- 7373378 TI - Diphtheroid infections of cerebrospinal fluid shunts. The changing pattern of shunt infection in Cleveland. AB - In the process of trying to decrease infection rates, gentamicin has been used to irrigate shunt systems at the time of surgery. The infection rate did not change, but the epidemiology of infecting organisms changed from Staphylococcus epidermidis to diphtheroids. These indolent and sometimes asymptomatic infections can progress to cause systemic disease with nephritis, peritonitis, or blocked shunts, and are difficult to detect. Laboratory values of cerebrospinal fluid and blood may not be helpful, but prolonged culture incubation on anaerobic media will subsequently yield the organism. Systemic and intraventricular antibiotics may rid the system of diphtheroids and avoid morbidity of shunt revision if the infection is found before systemic disease occurs. PMID- 7373377 TI - Traumatic dislocation of the atlanto-occipital articulation (AOA) with short-term survival. With a radiographic method of measuring the AOA. AB - Three patients with traumatic atlanto-occipital articulation (AOA) dislocation are presented, and an additional 10 well documented cases are reviewed from the literature. Medulla oblongata and/or spinal cord deficits, and evidence of cranial nerve injuries were noted in eight patients. Angiographic evidence of vertebral occlusion or narrowing was demonstrated in four patients. One patient had systemic hypertension, presumably from bilateral traumatic ninth nerve injuries. Five patients ultimately died. A new method of measuring the AOA is introduced. PMID- 7373379 TI - An evaluation of nerve repair with nerve allografts in normal and immunologically tolerant rats. AB - Schwann cells survive longer in allografts of ganglia that contain minor, rather than major and minor, transplantation antigens. The authors have investigated whether a nerve allograft with minor antigens would be superior to one with major and minor incompatibilities in aiding in the repair of injured nerve. A segment of host peroneal nerve was removed from rats and replaced with a peroneal nerve allograft that contained either minor or major and minor antigens. The results showed that in normal rats, host nerve fibers could functionally regenerate through (that is, grow through and reinnervate muscle) nerve allografts 2 cm but not 4 cm in length, irrespective of the antigens the allografts contained. Host nerve fibers could, however, regenerate through 4-cm nerve allografts if the hosts were rendered immunologically tolerant of the transplantation antigens of the nerve donors. Furthermore, when sensitized lymphoid cells were injected into tolerant rats bearing functional nerve allografts, Schwann cell rejection and demyelination occurred in the graft but host nerve fibers remained. It is concluded that minor antigens alone are as potent as major and minor antigens together in evoking an immune response that prevents functional regeneration through long lengths of nerve allografts. Host nerve fibers can, however, regenerate through such nerve allografts if the hosts are immunosuppressed. PMID- 7373380 TI - Spontaneous recurrent hemorrhage as an unusual complication of fibrous dysplasia of the skull. Case report. PMID- 7373382 TI - Giant cell granuloma involving the pituitary gland. Case report. PMID- 7373381 TI - Cerebral convexity epidermoid tumor subsequent to multiple percutaneous subdural aspirations. Case report. PMID- 7373384 TI - Experimental model for maxillary artery to middle cerebral artery anastomosis in dogs. Technical note. PMID- 7373383 TI - Sparganosis of the brain. Case report. PMID- 7373385 TI - A new catheter for detection and treatment of venous air embolism. Technical note. AB - The authors report the successful application of the No. 8 French multi-orifice flow-directed catheter designed for pulmonary angiography in the monitoring and treatment of venous air embolism during neurosurgical procedures. Delays in operating room time were reduced with this technique, which ensures rapid and precise placement of a right atrial central line and which also eliminates the need for a chest film as a method of confirming placement of the central line in the right atrium. The flow-directed guidance system permits reliable introduction of the catheter via any central venous access route, including the basilic vein, and eliminates the usual difficulties associated with placement of conventional single-orifice polyethylene catheters. No complications associated with placement of this catheter into the right atrium have occurred in 20 cannulations. PMID- 7373387 TI - Brain abscess model. PMID- 7373388 TI - Control of bone bleeding. PMID- 7373386 TI - Drill stop for twist drill. Technical note. PMID- 7373390 TI - Prolonged posttraumatic unconsciousness: therapeutic assets and liabilities. AB - Prolonged coma following severe head injury is a serious condition because it implies a poor prognosis. In order to assess the magnitude of this phenomenon, the authors have reviewed 135 cases of posttraumatic unconsciousness lasting more than 2 weeks, from among the entire propulation of patients with severe head injury managed in 10 years in their neurosurgical intensive care unit. The incidence of prolonged coma was 4% of all patients with acute traumatic coma, and 0.6% of all hospitalized patients with head injury. By 1 year after trauma, 30% of the patients had died, 8% survived in a vegetative state, 31% survived with severe disabilities, and 31% had made a satisfactory recovery. The early clinical picture of prolonged unconsciousness has no predictive value as to further evolution. Patients emerge from unconsciousness in consecutive steps representing the restoration of increasingly complex neurological functions; the timing of these steps is very variable and sometimes covers several months. The time distribution of recovery steps in individual cases is of limited predictive value as to outcome. The most frequent state during the recovery process is the condition of wakefulness without awareness, which should not be pronounced "permanent" earlier than 1 year after injury. PMID- 7373389 TI - Neurological course and correlated computerized tomography findings after severe closed head injury. AB - This study includes 124 patients with closed head injuries and with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of less than or equal to 8, who were admitted over a 7 1/2 month period. The time at which death occurred after injury was bimodal: deaths occurred either within 48 hours or after 7 days or longer after injury. Neurological deterioration, however, occurred with equal frequency on Days 2 to 7 after injury. Patients who survived the first 48 hours and then suffered neurological deterioration did not differ from the total population in age, sex, GCS scores on admission, or pupillary reactivity, but had a much higher incidence of intracranial hematomas of all types. Deterioration occurred three times more frequently in those with hematomas than in those with diffuse brain injury. Patients who deteriorated were rarely among the 35% of those who rapidly improved in the first 48 hours (4 points or more on the GCS). Computerized tomography (CT) scans of those deteriorating (24 patients) could be divided into four categories: 1) those without new mass effect (eight cases); 2) those with new or increased hemispheric edema (six cases); 3) those with generalized edema (two cases); and 4) those with focal or lobar areas of new edema or hemorrhage (eight cases). Of the patients in coma who deteriorated, 19% had large, delayed intracerebral hematomas. In 11 of 16 cases deteriorating with new mass effect, prior compression by overlying extracerebral hematoma, disruption of brain by intracerebral hematoma, or preexisting hemispheric edema preceded the brain swelling that caused deterioration. Areas of disruption or compression on CT scan typically developed decreased attenuation 2 to 7 days after injury, but did not cause deterioration unless new mass effect accompanied the lucency appearing on CT scan. A mortality rate of 29% was achieved for the 124 cases, which were managed with early evacuation of hematomas and control of intracranial pressure. Certain methods are suggested for evaluating therapy and for comparing clinical series. PMID- 7373391 TI - Prognostic significance of the pretreatment CT scan on time to progression for patients with malignant gliomas. AB - Case histories of 61 patients receiving multimodality therapy for primary malignant brain tumors were reviewed for factors visible on the computerized tomography (CT) scan that correlated with the interval of time from diagnosis and pretherapy evaluation to the time of documented tumor progression. The initial pretreatment CT scan of each patient was reviewed. Midline shift, peritumor low density (edema), the greatest diameter of tumor enhancement, and the greatest diameter of the intratumor low-density area were measured prior to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Using a Weibull survival probability model, time to tumor progression was most satisfactorily fitted using two covariates, the volume of enhancing tumor (for instance, contrast-enhancing tumor less intratumor low density), and the presence of a peritumor low-density area. Patients who exhibited a small amount of contrast-enhancing tumor with peritumor low density tended to have a longer time to progression than patients with large contrast enhancing tumor volume and no peritumor low density. Midline shift was not as important a variable as the extent of tumor contrast enhancement or peritumor low density. PMID- 7373392 TI - Use of cerebral evoked potentials to evaluate spinal somatosensory function in patients with traumatic and surgical myelopathies. AB - Cerebral somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP's) were elicited by electrical stimulation of the median nerve in the arm (SEPA) and of the posterior tibial nerve in the leg (SEPL) in 23 patients with incomplete localized lesions (including traumatic injuries, neoplasms, vascular malformations and infarcts) of the low cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spinal cord. In eight of 46 attempts (left and right sides), SEPL could not be recorded. Of the remaining 38 sides, spinal somatosensory conduction velocity (SSCV, indirectly estimated) was abnormally slow (less than 35 m/sec) in 20, and the amplitude of SEPL relative to SEPA (L:A ratio) was abnormally low (less than 0.5) in 20 (p less than 0.001 in each case, compared to normal controls). All three criteria yielded a combined 72% incidence of abnormality, correlating best with impairment of joint position sense. Serial postoperative studies in four cases documented an increase in the SSCV and L:A ratio following spinal decompression. These results demonstrate that the latency and amplitude characteristics of the cerebral SEP's from arm and leg permit quantitative evaluation of the functional status of the spinal somatosensory system. PMID- 7373393 TI - Transsphenoidal microsurgery in the management of craniopharyngioma. AB - The rationale for the transsphenoidal approach in the surgical management of craniopharyngioma is presented, based on experience with 26 cases. In 14 patients without prior therapy, nine had "total" removal of the lesion, and only two had permanent postoperative diabetes insipidus. One operative death occurred in this group, and two patients had cerebrospinal fluid leaks. In 12 patients who had undergone prior craniotomy, successful palliation was accomplished, at least temporarily, in every case. Vision was improved postoperatively in 15 of the 16 patients who presented with visual loss. Enlargement of the sella by the tumor is the critical feature allowing for successful transsphenoidal management. PMID- 7373394 TI - Anatomical observations of the development of the pituitary capsule. AB - A morphological study on the development of the pituitary capsule is reported, based on serial or step-sections of 56 pituitary glands from human embryos and fetuses ranging in gestational age from 4 to 40 weeks. Formation of the pituitary capsule is preceded at a very early embryonic stage by mesenchymal cell proliferation around Rathke's pouch when it forms the primitive adenohypophysis. The proportionally large adenohypophysis wraps around the neurohypophysis as it grows down from the diencephalon. Therefore, the fibrous capsule around the adenohypophysis represents the whole hypophysis as a membrane district from the dura mater or pia arachnoid membrane. The pituitary capsule appears not be to a derivative of either the dura mater or the pia arachnoid; instead it is a separate covering of the developing Rathke's pouch. PMID- 7373395 TI - Topical organization of the distal portion of the facial nerve. AB - Intraoperative stimulation of the distal section of the facial nerve was performed in 29 patients undergoing surgery for glomus jugulare tumor. A definite and persistent topical anatomical arrangement was observed. PMID- 7373397 TI - The intracranial pressure in infants. AB - In infancy, the intracranial pressure (ICP) is normally maintained at a level that is very low by standards that apply later in life. There is little or no overlap of normal pressure and the pressure in infantile hydrocephalus. Knowledge of the normal pressure may allow expectant management of milder instances of infantile hydrocephalus. During the first few days after birth, as the volume of the brain decreases so does its turgor, and subatmospheric ICP is common. Hydrocephalus may be masked or attenuated in severity during that time or may be incorrectly suspected in a normal child because of the increase in circumference of the head accompanying the restitution of volume. The postnatal decrease in ICP may be responsible for ventricular hemorrhage in the newborn. PMID- 7373396 TI - Antiepileptic drug distribution in cerebral cortex, ammon's horn, and amygdala in man. AB - Significant correlations in the concentrations of phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine in the brain, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid were found in 12 surgically treated epileptic patients. These findings confirm the clinical reliability of monitoring anticonvulsant drug plasma levels as part of the routine management of epilepsy. Phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine are uniformly distributed in the gray and white matter in different brain areas (except for a higher concentration of phenobarbital in the rhinencephalic structures in comparison with the corresponding temporal neocortex) and in normal and scar tissue. In these 12 patients, all of whom were medically resistant, molar cortex concentration of phenobarbital and phenytoin was at "therapeutic" levels or even higher. These data suggest that in therapy-resistant patients, despite cerebral drug concentrations of the same therapeutic level as, or higher than, those present in medically controlled patients, anticonvulsant drugs are pharmacologically ineffective. PMID- 7373398 TI - Thermosensitive determination of CSF shunt patency with a pair of small disc thermistors. AB - A simple method is presented for detecting the patency of ventriculoperitoneal shunts with a pair of small disc thermistors. In an experimental model, the equipment detected definite temperature changes along the shunt tube. The extent of the temperature difference was proportional to the flow velocities, ranging from 5 to 60 ml/hr (120 to 1440 ml/24 hrs). A clinical study consisted of 26 trials in 23 hydrocephalic children and 10 trials in nine adult patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Three of the 26 trials in the children were unsuccessful because of patient irritability and lack of cooperation. All trials for adult patients were successful. In all 25 patients, whose clinical pictures suggested functioning shunt, accurate confirmation of shunt patency was obtained. In six patients whose clinical pictures suggested questionable shunt function, this method revealed that all shunts were patent, and computerized tomography and follow-up clinical data supported this finding. In two patients whose clinical pictures suggested shunt malfunction, there was no indicator deflection, and shunt obstruction was proved at operation. This method is effective in checking shunt function, is simple, and may be repeated at frequent intervals. PMID- 7373399 TI - Treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a combined neurosurgical and neuroradiological approach. AB - It is believed that surgical excision of arteriovenous malformations is the best treatment when technically feasible without causing significant damage to adjacent brain. The introduction of polymers or particulate emboli by catheter has been used either alone or as an adjunct in attempts to reduce the size of these lesions prior to surgery; however, it is seldom possible to embolize the entire malformation. The authors have used direct injection of a 50% mixture of bucrylate and iophendylate into the feeding arteries supplying the area at craniotomy, with success in three cases. The cases are described to illustrate the method. PMID- 7373400 TI - Bilateral cortical blindness associated with carotid stenosis in a patient with a persistent trigeminal artery: case report. AB - A patient with findings of bilateral cortical blindness and a unilateral carotid bruit is reported. A persistent trigeminal artery allowed emboli from a unilateral ulcerated internal carotid plaque to affect the visual cortex bilaterally. The angiographic findings and a brief discussion of this anomalous artery are presented. PMID- 7373401 TI - Isodense subdural hematoma presenting with paraparesis: case report. AB - Computerized tomography (CT) has replaced cerebral angiography in many institutions as the diagnostic test of choice in cranial trauma. However, isodense subdural hematomas can be a source of false-negative results on CT scans, resulting in omissions in therapy. The authors report a patient with bilateral isodense subdural hematomas who presented with paraparesis but was otherwise alert and fully oriented. The CT findings caused an initial diagnostic dilemma before being resolved. PMID- 7373402 TI - Recurrent chemical meningitis due to an intraspinal cystic teratoma: case report. PMID- 7373403 TI - Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis associated with pencil-shaped softening of the spinal cord: case report. AB - A 57-year-old man presented with a pulmonary mass and subacute onset of paraplegia. Laboratory examination revealed an increased protein content in the cerebrospinal fluid and a normal myelogram. Autopsy disclosed epidermoid carcinoma in the left lower lobe of the lung, intramedullary metastasis at the midthoracic level, and a central pencil-shaped softening above and below the metastatic lesion. The pencil-shaped softening was an ischemic infarct rather than of hemorrhagic or congestive origin. The pathogenesis of this rare association may be explained by the hypothesis of a tumor embolus in the arterial circulation that feeds the center of the cord, producing metastasis. This embolus was followed later by a second embolus to a radicular artery, causing the pencil shaped softening of the spinal cord. PMID- 7373404 TI - Calcified herniated thoracic disc diagnosed by computerized tomography: case report. PMID- 7373405 TI - Congenital inclusion dermoid cyst located over the region of the anterior fontanel in adult Nigerians: report of two cases. AB - Two cases of a congenital inclusion dermoid cyst located over the region of the anterior fontanel are described in adult Nigerians, aged 28 and 32 years. In both cases, the cystic lesion was noticed at birth over the anterior fontanel as a small soft lump, and was carried on the head from infancy into adult life. The clinical, radiological, and the operative findings revealed no intracranial extension. The two lesions were histologically verified as dermoid cysts. Surgical excision was curative. PMID- 7373406 TI - Extradural spinal meningioma arising from a nerve root: case report. PMID- 7373407 TI - Tapia's syndrome caused by a neurofibroma of the hypoglossal and vagus nerves: case report. AB - Tapia's syndrome is characterized by unilateral paralysis of the tongue and vocal cord, and is caused by a lesion of the 10th and 12th cranial nerves below the nodose ganglion, without involvement of the pharyngeal branches of the 10th nerve. The authors report the case of a 25-year-old man who presented with a 4 year history of progressive glossolaryngeal paralysis. Operation through the right laterocervical region allowed complete removal of a neurofibroma involving the 10th and 12th nerves at their crossing below the nodose ganglion. PMID- 7373409 TI - Irrigating sucker dissector: technical note. PMID- 7373408 TI - A simple, inexpensive technique for accurate mass localization by computerized tomography: technical note. AB - A simple wire template is placed on the patient's head during computerized tomography scanning, and the results of the scan are later reproduced on the scalp prior to surgery. Measurements of the distance between the wires and the relationship of the mass provide the key to accurate localization of the mass on the scalp surface. PMID- 7373410 TI - A simplified method of selective spleen scintigraphy with Tc-99m-labeled erythrocytes: clinical applications. Concise communication. AB - We report our initial clinical experience with a simplified spleen-imaging technique that requires no red cell washing or special kits. Thirty minutes after an injection of "cold" pyrophosphate containing 0.5 mg of stannous chloride or fluoride, a blood sample is drawn, 2 mCl of pertechnetate (Tc-99m) are added, the sample is incubated at 49--50 degrees for 35 min, and then reinjected into the patient. We have studied 13 patients with this technique, and have found it useful in the clarification of various questionable splenic abnormalities found on the sulfur colloid scan, as well as in the detection of splenosis. PMID- 7373411 TI - The futility of bone scanning in neonatal osteomyelitis: concise communication. AB - Twenty-one neonates suspected of having acute osteomyelitis were studied by technetium-99m phosphate radiopharmaceuticals. Of the ten infants subsequently proven to have osteomyelitis involving 20 sites in all, only sis sites (31.5%) were abnormal by bone imaging. Fifty-eight percent were normal and 10.5% equivocal. These poor results are contrary to the high accuracy rate achieved in slightly older infants; they negate the ability of the bone scan to diagnose neonatal osteomyelitis. PMID- 7373413 TI - Low T4 and low FT4I in seriously ill patients: concise communication. AB - Of 128 euthyroid hospitalized patients with nonthyroidal illnesses (NTI), 33% had a low total thyroxine (T4). Forty-three percent of the latter patients had a low free thyroxine index. In euthyroid patients with NTI, free T4 was, with rare exceptions, within the range for well euthyroid controls. The free T4, as determined by two different radioimmunoassays, was diagnostically low in 34 of 37 hypothyroid patients without NTI. However, in hypothyroid patients with NTI, the free T4 determination was less informative. Only four of ten patients had a low free T4 by the Corning test, and none of ten were low by the Clinical Assays test. Our data suggest that patients with NTI frequently have low T4 and low FT4I, despite being euthyroid. Low free T4 strongly suggests hypothyroidism, but normal free T4 in patients with NTI does not exclude hypothyroidism. PMID- 7373412 TI - The effects of deferoxamine mesylate on gallium-67 distribution in normal and abscess-bearing animals: concise communication. AB - Deferoxamine mesylate (DFO), given to rabbits 20 min after gallium-67 citrate, induces prompt and rapid urinary excretion of Ga-67 activity with concommitant decrease in blood and muscle activity. When DFO is given after 2 hr or later, the effect is smaller (15% decrease in blood activity compared with 50%). In abscess bearing rats the same effect was observed: DFO accelerated the Ga-67 blood clearance by increasing urinary excretion. Tissue-distribution studies and direct counting of abscesses showed that DFO lowers Ga-67 activity in all organs as well as in the abscess if given 2 or 4 hr after Ga-67 citrate, but the abscess-to blood ratio increases. At 24 hr after Ga-67 citrate, DFO administration causes an improvement in the ratios of abscess-to-blood and abscess-to-normal tissue. Thus, DFO could be used to decrease the radiation burden from Ga-67 citrate after imaging has been performed, and also to increase the target-to-nontarget ratio. PMID- 7373414 TI - Complexing of Tc-99m with cyclam: concise communication. AB - The macrocyclic amine, cyclam, has been found to be an efficient complexing agent for Tc-99m. Complexes can be formed in yields of higher than 95% at pH 11 in 10( 3) M cyclam using 5 x 10(-6) M SnC4H4O6 as a reducing agent. The complex is positively charged and is stable in air. It is not decomposed by dilution, by 0.05 M NaOH, or 0.05 M H2O2, but does show slight decomposition in 0.05 M HCl. In unanesthetized mice the complex is cleared rapidly from the blood by the kidneys and liver. Preliminary studies show that derivatives of cyclam also complex Tc 99m. PMID- 7373415 TI - Prolongation of proton spin lattice relaxation times in regionally ischemic tissue from dog hearts. AB - Proton NMR techniques were used to characterize acutely ischemic myocardial tissue from the dog. Ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min resulted in a consistent prolongation of the proton spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) in samples from regionally ischemic heart muscle when compared with T1 values for nonischemic areas from the same hearts. The relative prolongation of relaxation times in ischemic tissue was found to increase as the duration of ischemia was extended to 60 or 120 min. T1 values for ischemic tissue were not directly related to tissue levels of high-energy compounds, lactate, or hydrogen ions but largely reflected the increased water content of the regionally ischemic myocardium. Proton NMR analysis provides a means of identifying acute regional ischemia in heart tissue, and in the future may permit three-dimensional imaging of the heart in vivo. PMID- 7373416 TI - Radiation dosimetry of two new tellurium- 123m-labeled adrenal-imaging agents: concise communication. AB - The absorbed radiation doses to humans from 23-(isopropyl[123mTe]telluro)-24-nor 5 alpha-cholan-3 beta-ol (Te-123m-23-ITC) and 24-(isopropyl[123mTe]telluro)-chol 5-en-3 beta-ol(Te-123m-24-ITC) have been calculated, based on rat biological data, to assess the relative radiation risks to humans from these two new adrenal imaging agents. The estimated radiation doses to several critical organs have been compared with dose estimates for a variety of other radiolabeled steroids that have been designed as adrenal-imaging agents. Dose estimates to selected organs from Te-123m-23-ITC are as follows (rad/mCi): adrenals 98; ovaries 8.0; liver 1.6. Similar estimated values for Te-123m-24-ITC are: adrenals 210; ovaries 13; liver 2.0. The radiation dose estimates for these two agents are comparable to the calculated radiation doses from 6 beta [(methyl[75Se]seleno)methyl]-19-nor-cholest-5(10)-en-3 beta-ol (Scintidren) and 19-[131I]iodocholest-5-en-3 beta-ol (NP-59), two agents currently in clinical use for the diagnosis of adrenal disease. PMID- 7373418 TI - Possible parathyroid imaging using Ga-67 and other aluminum analogs. AB - Aluminum has been found to localize in parathyroid adenomas, but it has no isotopes suitable for imaging. Chemical analogs of aluminum were therefore evaluated as potential parathyroid seekers. Uptakes of gallium-67, scandium-46 and lutetium-177 were measured in rat parathyroid, thyroid, cervical muscle, and whole blood, over the time period 30 min to 8 days. Both differential and absolute uptakes of Ga-67 and Sc-46 in the parathyroids are greater than that reported for Se-75 selenomethionine. Uptake of Ga-67 is about 2% of the injected dose per gram of parathyroid tissue at 3-4 days, with a parathyroid-to-thyroid uptake ratio of about 6. Studies indicate possible imaging of adenomas at least as small as those now detected only with invasive methods. PMID- 7373419 TI - Skin decontamination of commonly used medical radionuclides. AB - The increasing use of radionuclides in medical diagnosis raises the possibility of accidental spills and skin contamination. This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of several decontaminating agents. Most nuclides were easily removed to levels of less than 5% of their original activity. Sodium pertechnetate (Tc-99m) was the most difficult compound to remove. Little difference was found between the effectiveness of tap water, soap and water, and two commercially available decontaminating agents. PMID- 7373420 TI - Radioiodine volatilization from reformulated sodium iodide I-131 oral solution. AB - By changing the pH and adding buffers, antioxidants, and stabilizers to a sodium iodide (I-131) oral solution, a reduced radioiodine volatilization was claimed by a commercial supplier of radiopharmaceuticals. This study compares the airborne radioactivity volatilized from the reformulated sodium iodide solution with that which became airborne from a previous formulation. Air samples were obtained from the fume hood's exhaust stack during initial venting, and from the breathing zones of physicians and technologists administering the solution to the patient. Analysis of the air samples indicates significant reduction in the airborne radioiodine following initial venting of the solution vial and during patient administration. Additionally, there has been a decline in the I-131 thyroid burdens for occupationally exposed personnel handling the reformulated sodium iodide solutions. PMID- 7373417 TI - Estimates of radiation absorbed doses from radioxenons in lung imaging. PMID- 7373422 TI - Imaging of breast hormone dependent tumors. PMID- 7373421 TI - Role of radiolabeled erythrocytes in evaluation of splenic function. PMID- 7373424 TI - Glucoheptonate kidney studies. PMID- 7373423 TI - Serum TSH levels in therapy of thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 7373425 TI - Lung-scan abnormality in pulmonary artery branch stenosis. PMID- 7373426 TI - The role of internal mammary lymphography in the management of breast cancer. PMID- 7373427 TI - Response of rats fed diets low in glucose and glucose precursors to low levels of glucose, starch and chemically modified starch. AB - Several levels of glucose or starches were added to a basal diet that was free of available carbohydrate and low in carbohydrate precursors and fed to male, weanling rats. Rats fed such diets were highly responsive to dietary carbohydrate in growth rate, blood glucose levels and blood ketone bodies. There were no significant differences in the activities of pancreatic amylase, liver glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase when dietary carbohydrate varied from 1.5 to 6% of the diet. Under these feeding conditions, a minimum of 6% by weight or 5.8% of the dietary calories has to be provided by carbohydrate to allow the rat an optimum rate of growth. Such diets that are low in glucose precursors were employed as an assay system for glucose availability from chemically cross-bonded starches with various degrees of phosphate crosslinkage. The data showed that introducing low levels of phosphate crosslinkages into the starch had little effect on the glucose availability from the starch. PMID- 7373428 TI - Effects of zinc deficiency on dental caries in rats. AB - The effects of graded levels of dietary zinc on the development and mineralization of teeth and bones and on the susceptibility of teeth to dental caries were studied in young growing rats. Thirty-six weanling male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: 1) zinc-deficient, less than 1 ppm; 2) 12 ppm zinc; 3) 36 ppm zinc, and 4) 108 ppm zinc. For treatments 2, 3 and 4, rats were pair-fed the quantity of feed consumed by their individual counterparts fed the zinc-deficient diet. After 4 weeks of treatment, growth retardation along with other clinical zinc deficiency signs were observed in rats fed the zinc-deficient diet. The zinc levels in bones and teeth of zinc deficient rats were lower than those for rats fed supplemental zinc. Increased dietary zinc resulted in greater levels of zinc in bones and teeth, but the levels of calcium decreased. Greater incidences of enamel lesions in mandibular molars were observed in rats fed the zinc-deficient diet than in rats pair-fed zinc-supplemented diets. Furthermore, the effect of zinc deficiency on dental caries of young rats was predominantly at the smooth surfaces of the molars. Dietary zinc may be an important trace mineral in the process of post-eruptive mineralization of the enamel and may reduce the susceptibility of teeth to caries. PMID- 7373429 TI - Effect of dietary phytate/zinc molar ratio on growth and bone zinc response of rats fed semipurified diets. AB - In rats fed semipurified diets, bioavailability of dietary zinc was tested at different phytate/zinc molar ratios; growth and zinc in femurs were the criteria of adequacy. On diets with 10--12 ppm zinc, the growth of rats was not affected by phytate/zinc molar ratios of 12 or less if the level of dietary calcium was 0.75% but was depressed at ratios greater than 6 if the level of calcium was 1.75%. Phytate/zinc molar ratios greater than these did not depress growth if the dietary zinc concentration was at least 2.5 and 5 times the minimal requirement for growth at dietary calcium levels of 0.75 and 1.75%, respectively. At the maximum phytate/zinc molar ratio that did not depress growth, accumulation of zinc in femurs was depressed. Small increases in dietary calcium (from 0.75 to 0.87%) depressed growth of rats fed diets with 12 ppm zinc and a phytate/zinc molar ratio of 25. Preformed Zn3 and Zn6 phytate preparations were equivalent to ZnSO4.7H2O as dietary zinc sources. The data indicated that high dietary calcium per se reduced zinc bioavailability. The maximum phytate/zinc molar ratio that did not depress growth of young rats was greatly influenced by dietary calcium level and somewhat influenced by total dietary zinc concentration. PMID- 7373430 TI - Biochemical and morphological changes associated with long bone abnormalities in silicon deficiency. AB - The purpose of this paper was to investigate long bone changes in silicon deficiency more extensively and under a new set of conditions. Long bone abnormalities have been produced in silicon-deficient chicks fed a casein-based rather than amino acid-based diet and under an entirely new set of conditions. As demonstrated previously feeding amino acid diets, the long bones of cockerels fed a silicon-supplemented basal diet and sacrificed at 4 weeks had a significantly greater amount of articular cartilage and water content as compared with the silicon-deficient group. Biochemical analyses of tibia for bone mineral, non collagenous protein, hexosamine and collagen demonstrated that tibia from supplemented chicks had a significantly greater percentage and total amount of hexosamine and greater percentage of collagen than deficient chicks, the difference being greater for hexosamines than collagen. Tibia from silicon deficient chicks also showed marked lesions, profound changes being demonstrated in epiphyseal cartilage, especially striking in the proliferative zone. The disturbed epiphyseal cartilage sequences resulted in defective endochondral bone growth indicating that silicon is involved in the metabolic chain of events required for the normal growth of bone. PMID- 7373431 TI - Effect of dietary protein level upon essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency. AB - Rats were fed EFA-low diets containing vitamin-free casein varying from 5 to 40% and were assessed for severity of EFA deficiency by growth response, dermal symptoms and by the biochemical lesion of elevated triene/tetraene ratio in heart and liver lipids. The dermal signs of EFA deficiency increased in severity at levels of protein above 30%. The biochemical lesion of elevated triene/tetraene ratio in liver phospholipids was most severe at the lower protein levels. The two measures of EFA deficiency thus respond to different functions of EFA. Protein deficiency may thus increase the EFA requirement as measured by the biochemical criteria. PMID- 7373432 TI - Zinc absorption in rats fed a low-protein diet and a low-protein diet supplemented with tryptophan or picolinic acid. AB - Zinc absorption was examined in rats fed a basal diet with 5% vitamin-free casein, in rats fed the 5% casein-based diet supplemented with tryptophan and in rats fed the 5% casein-based diet supplemented with picolinic acid. True, total daily zinc absorption was determined by an isotope dilution technique after the rats had been injected intramuscularly with carrier-free 65Zn. The zinc concentration of the kidneys from the rats fed the 5% casein diet was significantly less than that of the kidneys from rats fed the same diet supplemented with either tryptophan or picolinic acid. The specific activity of Zn in the kidneys from the rats fed the low-protein diet was significantly greater than that of the kidneys from rats fed the diet supplemented with either tryptophan or picolinic acid. The specific activity of Zn in the feces from rats fed the low-protein diet was significantly less than the specific activity of the feces from rats fed either supplemental tryptophan or supplemental picolinic acid. True, total daily zinc absorption in rats fed the low-protein diet was significantly less than the total daily zinc absorption in rats fed either supplemental tryptophan or supplemental picolinic acid. Since tryptophan is a metabolic precursor of picolinic acid, the results support the hypothesis that endogenous and exogenous picolinic acid facilitates zinc absorption. PMID- 7373433 TI - Conversion of [2-14C] mevalonate into cholesterol, lanosterol and squalene in copper-deficient rats. PMID- 7373434 TI - Effect of maternal dietary restriction during pregnancy on maternal weight gain and fetal birth weight in the rat. AB - The effects of the following dietary regimes on maternal body weight and weights of the products of conception were investigated in the laboratory rat: 50% dietary restriction during the catabolic phase (days 15--21) of gestation; 50% dietary restriction during the anabolic phase (days 1--14) but adequate nutrition during the catabolic phase, and 50% dietary restriction throughout gestation. Total body weight and net maternal weight at term were significantly reduced in all three test groups. Restricting dietary intake during the anabolic phase resulted in decreased maternal weight gain. Feeding an adequate diet during the catabolic phase, following restriction during the anabolic phase, caused only a slight decrease in net maternal weight, while term fetal weight approximated that of controls. Dietary restriction during the catabolic phase, or throughout gestation, caused increased net maternal weight loss. Term fetal weight in both groups was significantly lower than that of the controls, but not different from each other. The results indicate that the dam is able to mobilize nutrients stored during the anabolic phase of pregnancy. Mobilization of these nutrients did not significantly increase fetal growth, however, supporting the hypothesis that the dam is able to compartmentalize available nutrients during malnutrition and prevent serious depletion of these stores by the fetus. PMID- 7373435 TI - Effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. AB - Previous claims that experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was enhanced by essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency were reinvestigated. Deficiency was induced in Lewis rats by feeding a fat-free diet starting in late gestation, at weaning or in adult life with or without a previous period of starvation. Retardation of growth, the typical dermatitis, increased water consumption and testicular atrophy gave evidence of EFA deficiency. Control rats were fed a complete diet or a fat-free diet supplemented with corn oil. EAE was induced in EFA-deficient and control rats by conventional active sensitization with neural antigen and adjuvants or by passive transfer of living lymphoid cells from sensitized nutritionally normal donors. Contrary to previous reports, EFA deficiency did not enhance EAE in any of seven experiments, and these results were supported by histological examinations. In fact, we found inhibition of clinical signs, but not histological lesions, when EFA deficiency was moderately advanced. This was accompanied by (and probably related to) thymic atrophy, possibly due to nonspecific stress. Also we found that EFA deficiency had no effect on a non-immunological model of brain inflammation that resembles EAE in the occurrence of lymphocytic infiltrates. PMID- 7373436 TI - Effect of dietary iron, copper and zinc chelates of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) on trace metal concentrations in rat milk and maternal and pup tissues. PMID- 7373437 TI - Effect of corn oil feeding on lipid peroxidation in rats. AB - Three groups of male rats were maintained on 10% fat diets containing 0.5, 5 or 10% corn oil or olive oil with 80--400 mg DL-alpha-tocopherol per kilogram. After 4 weeks on such regimens, TBA (thiobarbituric acid) values in serum, liver mitochondria and microsomes, and adipose tissue increased with rising amounts of dietary corn oil. TBA values in rats fed the 10% corn oil diet were reduced with the increase of dietary tocopherol but were still higher than the corresponding values of the 10% olive oil and 0.5% corn oil groups. When the liver microsomes were incubated with Fe3+-ADP and NADPH, the relative chemiluminescence emission in the visible region with the peroxidative cleavage of endogenous lipid was higher in the 5 and 10% corn oil groups than in the 0.5% group. On the other hand, when oxidized corn oil was given orally to rats with thoracic lymph fistula, TBA-reacting substances were recovered in thoracic lymph, but iodometric peroxide was undetectable. Therefore, TBA-reacting substances in rats fed the corn oil diets could have originated from the oxidative product of linoleic acid metabolism and also from the diet. PMID- 7373438 TI - Effects of thiamin deprivation and antagonism on voluntary ethanol intake in rats. PMID- 7373439 TI - Reversible stabilization of liver lysosomes by zinc ions. AB - The effect of zinc ions on the stability of rat liver lysosomes was studied. Zinc was added by several methods: feeding the animals a high-zinc diet; infusion of zinc into the liver through the portal vein, or by adding zinc to the lysosomal fraction either before or after isolation of this fraction from rat liver homogenates. By all techniques, addition of zinc reduced the release of beta glucuronidase from liver lysosomes. Lysosomes and lysosomal membranes from rats fed a high-zinc diet were found to be relatively high in zinc. These lysosomes were less fragile than lysosomes from the liver of control animals. The stabilizing effect of zinc ions could be reversed by treatment of lysosomes with phosphate buffer. We concluded that increasing the zinc content in the liver by any of these methods results in stabilization of liver lysosomes. PMID- 7373440 TI - Utilization of the D- and L-isomers of methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue as determined by chick bioassay. AB - Young chicks were fed sulfur-amino acid (SAA) deficient soy protein or crystalline amino acid diets to evaluate the relative efficacy of the D- and L isomers of methionine and 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthiobutyrate)Ca (OH-methionine). With crystalline amino acid diets, D-OH-methionine ([alpha] D25 = +24.3) was decisively superior to L-OH-methionine ([alpha] D25 = -25.3) as a source of methionine activity. The D-isomer of OH-methionine was also much more toxic than the L-isomer as measured by magnitude of growth depression and severity of hemolytic anemia. DL-OH-methionine was intermediate in toxicity between the pure D- and L-isomers, but its efficacy for growth promotion was greater than what would have been predicted from its (equal) content of the two isomers. With methionine, the L-isomer was superior in growth-promoting efficacy to the D isomer; DL-methionine, however, more nearly paralleled the response to L- than to D-methionine. In all cases where the crystalline amino acid diet was fed, regardless of isomeric form, methionine was vastly superior to OH-methionine as a source of SAA activity. With the soy-protein diet, on the other hand, differences in efficacy between methionine and OH-methionine were minimal, and isomeric form was of lesser consequence. PMID- 7373441 TI - Effect of form of iron on the interaction between nickel and iron in rats: growth and blood parameters. PMID- 7373443 TI - Criteria for alcohol and drug rehabilitation programs in industry. Committee report. Drug Abuse Committee of the American Occupational Medical Association. PMID- 7373442 TI - Digestion and absorption of casein at different dietary levels in the chick: effect on fatty acid and bile acid absorption. AB - The site of digestion and absorption of protein was determined in chicks fed diets containing 10, 30 and 45% casein as the protein source, 3% added oil with 91Y Cl3 added as a non-absorbed reference substance. Digestion of protein to low molecular weight (MW) peptides and amino acids was rapid in all diets with major absorption occurring between duodenum and lower jejunum. Increasing the dietary casein resulted in increases in low MW peptide levels in the duodenum. This increase was disproportionate with intake when 45% casein was fed, suggesting that absorptive capacity of the duodenum was exceeded. Overall nitrogen absorption was similar in all treatments reflecting the increased participation of the ileum in nitrogen absorption when high dietary casein levels were fed. Fatty acid and bile acid absorption was depressed when 45% casein was fed, mainly due to inhibition of absorption in the ileum, presumably by binding to undigested protein. PMID- 7373445 TI - Epidemiological assessment of occupationally related, chemically induced sperm count suppression. AB - Occupationally related, chemically induced sperm count suppression is a recently recognized problem, first brought to light in connection with the manufacture and formulation of dibromochloropropane (DBCP). The authors studied sperm count data from four occupational cohorts - two exposed to DBCP and two exposed to epichlorohydrin (ECH). In both DBCP cohorts there was a significant difference (alpha = 0.05) between sperm count distribution functions of the exposed group and of the non-exposed group. A much higher percentage of exposed men was oligospermic and the median sperm count for each exposed group was substantially lower than that for the respective non-exposed group. In the ECH cohorts there was no significant difference between sperm count data for the exposed group and for the non-exposed group. The authors concluded that exposure to DBCP, but not to ECH, was positively associated with detectable sperm count suppression. It is suggested that the key to identifying and assessing occupationally related sperm count suppression lies in the proper classification and interpretation of group sperm count data. PMID- 7373444 TI - Questions raised by study on cancer mortality in oil refinery workers. PMID- 7373446 TI - Outcome with alcoholics seeking treatment voluntarily or after confrontation by their employer. AB - Treatment results with 370 alcoholics who sought treatment after being threatened with dismissal by their employers were compared with results with 58 alcoholics who sought treatment voluntarily. Data indicated that voluntary clients were experiencing significantly greater problems in a wide range of psychosocial areas when they entered treatment than were mandatory clients, whereas mandatory clients had a poorer work record in terms of productivity and drinking behavior interfering with work. After treatment, however, there were few differences between the groups in terms of psychosocial behavior, work performance and drinking behavior. The results suggest that coercion is a useful tool in inducing alcoholics to seek treatment, since outcome with mandatory clients is similar to that with voluntary clients and since it is likely that few of the mandatory clients would have sought treatment without pressure from their employers. PMID- 7373447 TI - A fertility study of male employees engaged in the manufacture of glycerine. AB - The fertility status of male employees engaged in the production of chlorinated three-carbon compounds at Dow Chemical Company's Texas Division was investigated. Males who had not worked in the production of industrial chemicals for at least five years prior to the study period served as controls. Data were obtained from a reproductive medical history, from hormone determinations, from a physician's examination, and from a semen analysis. Sperm counts and percent normal sperm forms were major study variables. Comparisons were made between the control and the study groups and within the study group only for duration of exposure, strength of exposure and a combination of the two. Specific chemical exposure subgroups within the study group were also compared. Although the participation rate for the exposed group was relatively low (64%), results indicated no detrimental effect on fertility from exposure to chlorinated three-carbon compounds at levels occurring in the specified work environment. PMID- 7373449 TI - Mortality among workers employed in petroleum refining and petrochemical plants. AB - The cause-specific mortality experience of 3,105 members of the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Union was examined to determine if there were unusual patterns of fatal disease that may be indicative of hazardous agents in the work environment. Deaths among active Union members that were reported by locals in Texas between 1947 and 1977 were identified through membership records, and proportionate mortality was analyzed in several broad industrial categories. PMRs for cancers of the liver and biliary passages, pancreas, lung and skin were elevated among refinery and petrochemical plant workers; however, risks did not increase with length of membership. Increased relative frequencies of stomach cancer, cancer of the brain, leukemia and multiple myeloma were confined to white males in the same category who had been Union members for 10 or more years. Excess deaths from stomach cancer and brain cancer were found among white male members employed at one specific oil refinery and petrochemical plant. Observed numbers of deaths from cancer of the stomach were greater than expected among whites and nonwhites, and an elevated PMR for lung cancer among nonwhites was found at an additional plant. Findings suggest that workers in this industry may be at increased risk of certain cancers and indicate areas for further investigation. PMID- 7373448 TI - The clinical significance of ferruginous bodies in sputa. AB - The clinical significance of ferruginous bodies in sputa was examined in a study of 674 former asbestos workers. Data from occupational histories and smoking behavior questionnaires, chest radiographs, spirometric measurements and counts of ferruginous bodies were obtained as part of a five-year surveillance program. Statistical analysis demonstrated that ferruginous bodies found in the sputa were significantly related to radiographic findings of interstitial pulmonary disease and pleural fibrosis and to spirometric findings of restrictive lung disease. Age and cigarette smoking were also found to be related to the presence of ferruginous bodies. PMID- 7373450 TI - Still more on SMR. PMID- 7373451 TI - Type A coronary-prone behavior in the work environment. AB - The model presented in this paper accounts for the relationship between Type A behavior and the work environment and identifies: (1) susceptible Type A individuals; (2) potential occupational stressors in the work environment; (3) subsequent resulting control conflict and maladaptive coping behavior; (4) feedback error and time lag resulting in detrimental symptoms; and (5) methods of changing Type A behavior (Fig 1). From this literature review, it becomes clear that there is a need for further prospective research especially in the area aimed at isolating and determining the specific work environment variables which enhance Type A behavior. As yet, no prospective research project is known which has followed a sample of employees from their job application and interview situation through their careers, in order to investigate changes in, and influences on, Type A behavior patterns. Finally, there is an obvious need for the introduction of more Type A behavior modification programs for workers, and perhaps more emphasis should also be directed toward changing the Type A behavior pattern socialization process, which appears to be so prevalent in urban, middle class home environments. PMID- 7373452 TI - Lung cancer and the petroleum industry in Louisiana. AB - Death certificates from the period 1960 to 1975 for Louisiana were surveyed for lung cancer deaths and noncancer deaths among people employed in petroleum mining and refining to determine if there were specific occupations within this industry associated with a higher risk of lung cancer. Workers employed as welders, operators, boilermakers, and painters and oilfield workers had the greatest risks. Oil field miners born outside Louisiana had a higher risk than native-born miners. Occupation as listed on death certificates provides a rapid means of identifying those with high risk, as a large part of the population can be rapidly screened, covering employees in many industries. PMID- 7373453 TI - Factors influencing recruitment to an occupational fitness program. AB - Factors influencing participation in an employee fitness program have been studied in a group of 535 early recruits for a Health Fitness Center established at the headquarters office of a larger corporation. The overall participation rate (20% of eligible staff with convenient access to the facility) was much as in previous reports. Interest was relatively equal in men and in women. Typical recruits were middle-aged non-smokers who had previously been active elsewhere. Men had an above average maximum oxygen intake and muscle strength, but were also somewhat overweight and fat. Women were closer to their actuarial ideal weight, but had relatively lower levels of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness than the men. Program acceptability factors (traveling time, hours of work, and cost) had little effect on participation. Subjects perceived that they were active for health, fitness, competition (men), and appearance (women). General and specific health beliefs were well-developed, but bore surprisingly little relationship to health practices and outcomes. It is thus argued that the shaping of attitudes by trial of an exercise program may be a more effective tactic for increasing exercise participation than general campaigns designed to change attitudes and values. PMID- 7373454 TI - Causes of death among lumberjacks--a pilot study. AB - Causes of death among 375 union-affiliated male lumberjacks throughout Sweden were studied. The proportional mortality rates for ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, all other circulatory diseases, violent death, all cancers and "other causes" were compared to the general Swedish [male] mortality pattern. There was a significantly elevated mortality from violent death and a slight numerical excess of deaths due to ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and all other circulatory diseases. There were fewer deaths than expected for cancer and "other causes." A case-referent type of analysis showed an increased standard mortality ratio for kidney cancer and cancer of the lymphatic and hematopoietic system. PMID- 7373455 TI - Obsessions: source of inefficiency in the workplace. AB - Obsessions are persistent, intrusive, unwanted ideas that are unproductive and anxiety-arousing. Although the magnitude of their importance in the workplace has not been established by acceptable scientific research criteria, they are in all probability a major source of inefficiency in jobs involving a high percentage of intellectual effort. The current body of knowledge of clinical psychiatry and behavioral psychology can provide rudimentary insights and hypotheses. The need is emphasized for further research to elucidate more precisely the extent of the problem. PMID- 7373457 TI - Thresholds at luminance edges under stabilized viewing conditions. AB - Increment thresholds were measured for a small, briefly presented test line as a function of distance from a high-contrast abrupt luminance edge. The experiments were carried out under both stabilized and unstabilized viewing conditions to determine the role of eye movements in the "edge threshold effect." It was found that the edge threshold effect (i.e., the rise in threshold at the luminance edge) was less pronounced under stabilized conditions. We conclude from this that a significant portion of this effect is mediated by the temporal transients that are brought about by eye movements. Little difference is found between stabilized and unstabilized conditions when the background is briefly presented. Narrow bright bands appear on the bright side of a sharp edge for unstabilized viewing, but disappear under stabilization. PMID- 7373456 TI - Cytological detection of a peripheral lung carcinoma in a coke oven worker. AB - OSHA mandated programs of pulmonary cytology among coke oven workers have resulted in detection of a number of unsuspected tumors. While it is too early to determine the eventual impact of these programs, this report describes the detection of a 0.3 cm peripheral lesion, believed to the smallest identified by cytology. In addition to being diminutive, the tumor proved to be of the epidermoid type, unusual for the location. Further investigation is required to determine whether peripheral epidermoid neoplasms are associated with exposure to coke oven vapors. PMID- 7373458 TI - Dual percept of movement and spatial periodicity in stroboscopically illuminated moving noise patterns. AB - A new phenomenon is reported: stroboscopically displayed moving spatial noise patterns are subjectively described as a superposition of a smoothly moving noise pattern and a somewhat irregular grating. The periodicity of the grating depends on the displacement of the noise pattern between two successive stroboscopic presentations. The detection threshold for the ghost grating is similar to that for stationary sine-wave gratings. The visual system must integrate the stimulus for at least 0.5--1 s in order for such an illusory grating to appear. Yet the subjectively smoothly moving noise pattern looks sharp. PMID- 7373459 TI - Spatial frequency discrimination thresholds in different orientations. AB - Spatial frequency discrimination thresholds were obtained for two observers in horizontal, vertical, and oblique (45 degrees, 135 degrees) meridians. Psychometric discrimination functions derived by a forced-choice procedure were essentially the same for the four meridians at lower spatial frequencies. However, at higher frequencies discrimination thresholds were lower for horizontal and vertical stimuli than for oblique stimuli. PMID- 7373460 TI - Incidence of cholelithiasis in sickle cell anemia using the ultrasonic gray-scale technique. AB - Gray-scale ultrasound examination of the gallbladder was successfully performed in 226 patients with sickle cell hemoglobinopathy from 2 to 18 years of age. Sixty-three (27%) demonstrated the presence of gallstones; 14 additional patients had "sludge." The incidence of gallstones increased significantly with age, from 12% in the 2- to 4-year age group to 42% in the 15- to 18-year-old group. The proportion of females with gallstones increased significantly in adolescence. Patients with gallstones had higher mean bilirubin levels, but their mean hemoglobin values and reticulocyte counts were not significantly different from those in patients without gallstones. Ultrasound examination of the gallbladder is a simple, noninvasive technique for evaluating the biliary system. The incidence of gallstones in patients below the age of 10 is higher than expected and raises management questions that must be resolved. PMID- 7373462 TI - Modifications of VIP intestinal content associated with abnormal nervous myenteric plexus: a biologic feature of chronic intestinal obstruction. PMID- 7373461 TI - Glutaric aciduria Type II. AB - Two infants have been studied with glutaric aciduria Type II. The clinical presentation was of an overwhelming illness very early in life; both infants died in the neonatal period. One had dysmorphic features. An acrid odor may be a clue to the diagnosis. Neonatal acidosis, hypoglycemia, and hyperammonemia are characteristic. Organic acid analysis revealed massive lactic aciduria and glutaric aciduria. A variety of other dicarboxylic acids and hydroxy acids and amino acids were found in elevated amounts in body fluids, along with elevated concentrations of butyric, isobutyric, 2-methylbutyric, and isovaleric acids. The pattern of metabolites accumulated is consistent with deficient activity of a number of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. PMID- 7373463 TI - Hemolytic anemia following a wasp sting. PMID- 7373464 TI - Red blood cell values in low-birth-weight infants: ages at which values become equivalent to those of term infants. PMID- 7373465 TI - Cystine depletion of cystinotic tissues by phosphocysteamine (WR638). PMID- 7373466 TI - Limb reduction anomalies and early in utero limb compression. AB - Seven instances of limb reduction defects are reported with a presumed common underlying etiologic theme of early in utero limb compression, deduced as being due to a bicornuate uterus in four instances, a large fibroid in one instance, and early amnion rupture with transient amniotic fluid loss in two instances. Similar types of limb reduction defects have been experimentally produced as a consequence of early withdrawal of amniotic fluid with resultant compression of the developing limbs, leading to vascular disruption. A similar mechanism is hypothesized to have caused these seven instances of limb reduction defects. PMID- 7373467 TI - Moderate, rapidly induced hypertension as a cause of intraventricular hemorrhage in the newborn beagle model. AB - Nine anesthetized, artificially ventilated, term newborn beagle puppies were given phenylephrine hydrochloride intravenously while systemic arterial, carotid arterial, and jugular venous blood pressures, and carotid arterial blood flow were monitored. Systemic blood pressure rose within seconds from a mean of 53.68 +/- 1.10 mm Hg to a mean of 81.92 +/- 5.14 mm Hg. Hypertension was maintained for up to one hour in each animal. Four of the nine pups had intraventricular hemorrhages that were visible to gross inspection at autopsy, and seven of the nine pups had subependymal hemorrhages. The blood pressures produced in these animals were within the range of those seen in premature infants. Thus, moderate, rapidly induced systemic hypertension may be a cause of intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature human newborn infant. PMID- 7373468 TI - The association of rapid volume expansion and intraventricular hemorrhage in the preterm infant. PMID- 7373469 TI - Lumbar puncture in the evaluation of suspected neonatal sepsis. PMID- 7373470 TI - Contractures in a newborn infant of a mother with myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7373471 TI - Cyclopia and other anomalies following maternal ingestion of salicylates. PMID- 7373472 TI - Neurologic complications following temporal artery catheterization. PMID- 7373473 TI - Secondary sex characteristics of girls 12 to 17 years of age: the U.S. Health Examination Survey. AB - Data from the United States Health Examination Survey, Cycle III, were used to describe the relationships among secondary sexual characteristics, bone age, and body mass index of girls aged 12 to 17 years. The survey examined a sample of girls representative of the American population with respect to race, age, geographic region, and socioeconomic status. Tanner stages for breast and pubic hair development correlated closely. There was also a close relationship between Tanner rankings of sexual maturity and both bone age and body mass index (weight/height). Socioeconomic status was not related to sexual development, but there were significant racial and geographic differences in the age of development of secondary sexual characteristics. The Health Examination Survey data provide standards of sexual and physiologic growth for U.S. girls. PMID- 7373474 TI - Marihuana smoking and pubertal arrest. PMID- 7373475 TI - Abstracts: annual meeting--1979 Midwest Society for Pediatric Research, October 30 and 31, Cincinnati. PMID- 7373476 TI - Hyponatremia in hypothyroidism. PMID- 7373477 TI - Outcome following closure of PDA in preterm infants. PMID- 7373478 TI - Infant care: cache or carry. PMID- 7373480 TI - Definition of croup. PMID- 7373479 TI - Choanal atresia and associated anomalies. PMID- 7373481 TI - Dosage of aspirin and acetaminophen. PMID- 7373482 TI - Computed cranial tomography in children. AB - The CT head scan is a valuable new device for the diagnosis of intracranial pathology in children. It is especially useful in detection of cerebral tumors, hydrocephalus, blood-fluid collections, and congenital anomalies. Because of its expense, it cannot be recommended for use in screening of children with seizures, headaches, or nonprogressive focal neurologic signs. Other new ultrasonic and tomographic techniques are being developed, making it advisable to use the radiologist as a clinical consultant in selection of appropriate neuroradiologic procedures in children. PMID- 7373483 TI - Decreased birth weight in infants of alcoholic women who abstained during pregnancy. AB - Fifty infants born to women who reported total abstinence during pregnancy, but who had a history of alcoholism prior to conception, were compared to 50 infants born to alcoholic women who reported drinking heavily during pregnancy, and to 50 infants of nonalcoholic controls. Mean birth weight of infants born to the abstinent alcoholics was 258 gm less than mean birth weight of the control infants. Infants of drinking alcoholics weighed 493 gm less than the control infants. These differences in offspring birth weight were statistically significant after adjusting for maternal smoking, height, age, and parity, as well as gestational age and sex of child. This finding suggests that a history of maternal alcoholism may pose a risk to fetal growth independent of alcohol use during the pregnancy. PMID- 7373484 TI - Behavior and learning difficulties in children of normal intelligence born to alcoholic mothers. AB - Children referred to the Learning Disorders Unit of the Yale-New Haven Hospital were evaluated for indications of prenatal exposure to ethanol. In a total population of 87 children, 15 were found to have a history of maternal heavy drinking during pregnancy. The 11 boys and four girls ranged in age from 6 1/2 to 18 1/2 years. Birth weights ranged from 1,580 to 3,150 gm, median weight 2,213 gm. All growth measurements were affected: head circumference 60% less than tenth percentile, height 60% less than tenth percentile, weight 74% less than twenty fifth percentile. The children had a continuum of dysmorphic features of FAS, with an inverse relationship noted between age of presentation and intensity of dysmorphic features. All had intelligence in the average range (IQ 82 to 113), yet experienced persistent academic failure. In addition, all shared problems of activity and attention regulation. Our results suggest a continuum of teratogenic effects of ethanol on the CNS. Alcohol exposure in utero may be an important, preventable determinant of attention deficit syndromes in childhood. PMID- 7373485 TI - Perioperative management of children with sickle hemoglobinopathy. AB - During the 11 years between July, 1967 and June, 1978, 35 children with a major hemoglobinopathy (SS, SC, S-thalassemia) underwent 46 operations without any mortality or unusual morbidity. All of these children were prepared for surgery by preoperative transfusion of 15-20 cc/kg packed erythrocytes and a hematocrit of at least 36%. In urgent and emergent situations, the operation was performed as soon as the transfusion was completed. For elective patients, the operation was the following morning. The ease of application and the absence of morbidity and mortality suggest that this method of preoperative transfusion preparation of children with a major hemoglobinopathy is more desirable than a two-volume exchange or transfusions beginning 10-15 days prior to surgery. PMID- 7373486 TI - Improved management of pancreatic lesions in children aided by ERCP. AB - Internal pancreatic fistulas have only recently been recognized as distinct entities in children. Unless their pathophysiology is understood they can present the clinician with a diagnostic dilemma. Recently, these entities have been better defined in the adult literature and significant improvement made in treatment. We report a case of a child with pancreatic ascites in whom endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography significantly aided the diagnosis and the operative management. An outline of recommended management of pancreatic lesions in children is presented including internal pancreatic fistulas. PMID- 7373488 TI - Pediatric pyleoplasty. AB - A series is reviewed of 153 pyeloplasties in 130 pediatric patients. Dismembering pyeloplasty was performed in most cases, usually with temporary nephrostomy drainage. A satisfactory anastomosis resulted in each case. The important technical aspects of pyeloplasty are emphasized. PMID- 7373489 TI - Intestinal loop lengthening--a technique for increasing small intestinal length. AB - A reproducible technique is described for doubling the length of a loop of small intestine, while simultaneously reducing its luminal diameter, and preserving the maximum amount of small bowel mucosa for intestinal adaptation. In pig experiments, 7 loops have been increased in length by the "intestinal loop lengthening" procedure, with survival of 5 of the 7 animals for a period of 16-26 wk. Leakage from the lengthened intestinal segment led to the death of one animal. At a second operation, or at termination of the experiment, all seven lengthened loops had a good blood supply and were patent along their full length. Histologic examination of 3 of the 4 specimens from the first phase of the study confirmed their viability. The potential application of intestinal loop lengthening in the management of the short gut syndrome is discussed. PMID- 7373490 TI - Antral web in infancy. AB - Eleven patients have been followed from 1 to 6 yr after diagnosis and treatment during infancy of partially obstructing antral web. Seven had surgical correction, six with web excision and pyloroplasty. Four were treated nonoperatively with antispasmodics and small curd formula. Five of the seven operated infants had continued vomiting postoperatively. All patients in both groups were symptom-free 6 mo posttreatment. Three of four nonoperated patients had follow-up upper gastrointestinal radiography. None had persistence of the antral web. We conclude that partially obstructing antral web in infancy is a self limited disease and that surgical correction is indicated only for severe clinical illness. PMID- 7373487 TI - "Uncorrectable" extrahepatic biliary atresia: relationship between intrahepatic bile duct pattern and surgery. AB - Postmortem examination of intrahepatic bile ducts in the vicinity of the porta hepatis was performed in 26 patients. Fifteen of them (group I) had resection of fibrous remnants with or without biliary-intestinal anastomosis, and the remaining 11 (group II) had had exploratory laparotomy only or were not operated at all. The mean age at death was 10 and 7 1/2 mo, respectively, for each group. In group I, the diameter ranged from 1.5 to 15.0 mm (mean:5.23); the duct was dilated and contained bile concretions. In group II, the diameter of bile duct ranged from 0.2 to 1.2 mm (mean:0.63); the duct appeared flattened and its lumen was empty. Because a similar difference was observed in the patients of either group who died at 4 to 8 mo of age, previous surgical section of fibrous remnants may be responsible for enlargement of the intrahepatic bile duct. Whether section of nerves plays a role in this process remains to be determined. PMID- 7373491 TI - Lateral wall cecal filling defects following successful hydrostatic reduction of cecalcolic intussusceptions. AB - Two children less than 1 yr of age were found to have a lateral wall filling defect following successful hydrostatic reduction of cecalcolic intussusceptions. Both filling defects were thought to be due to invagination of the lateral wall between the tinea coli. One child was explored due to recurrence of the intussusception despite despite a decrease in size of the filling defect. In the second child the filling defect had disappeared three days after the initial barium enema reduction. When confronted with a typical cecal filling defect in an infant following successful reduction of a cecalcolic intussusception, we believe that one is justified in assuming a cautious "wait and see" attitude. If the child recovers clinically the barium enema may be repeated in three days to access reduction in size or disappearance of the filling defect. PMID- 7373493 TI - Endoscopy in congenital tracheal anomalies. AB - Advances in anesthesia and instrumentation miniaturization of endoscopes and high quality fibreoptic systems now allow safe, detailed and precise endoscopic examination of the upper and lower respiratory tract in neonates as well as older children. When the clinical features and radiographic changes suggest a congenital abnormality of the tracheobronchial tree endoscopic examination can give useful information. We believe congenital anomalies of the trachea, particularly areas of congenital stenosis, are not as uncommon as has been supposed. It is now a practical reality to carefully evalute and photographically document tracheal conditions such as vascular or other extrinsic compression, congenital stenosis or web, tracheoesophageal fistula and its sequelae, tracheomalacia and others. PMID- 7373492 TI - Pre- and postoperative rectal metronidazole for the prevention of wound infection in childhood appendicitis. AB - Children suspected of having appendicitis were treated with preoperative metronidazole per rectum and then postoperative metronidazole per rectum until the drug could be administered orally. This series shows that even when administered after anesthetic induction, an adequate blood level of metronidazole was achieved at surgery. Other antibiotics were not used even when there was peritonitis. The wound infection rate in this small series was low, when compared to other series and our own comparison group. PMID- 7373494 TI - Palmar primary hyperhidrosis in children. AB - Palmar Primary Hyperhidrosis, though an uncommon problem in the paediatric age group, is an unpleasant and socially disabling one for the affected child. Although the condition occurring in adults has been extensively documented, little, if any, attention has been given to the problem in children. We describe the clinical presentation of four such patients who presented in our unit over the past 4 yr. All had an upper dorsal sympathectomy performed with excellent results. PMID- 7373495 TI - Lymphocyte transformation after surgery in the neonate. AB - Nine neonates born with congenital malformations were investigated for lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). No significant change was found in the transformation response of lymphocytes to PHA after surgery, which is in contrast to studies reported in adults and older children. PMID- 7373496 TI - Intrathoracic foregut cyst (foregut duplication) associated with esophageal atresia. AB - Intrathoracic foregut duplication cysts are rare congenital foregut malformations that usually produce respiratory symptoms in early infancy. Surgical resection of this anomaly is usually followed by permanent cure. Two cases of intrathoracic foregut duplication cyst associated with esophageal atresia are reported. The first patient had an associated tracheoesophageal fistula while the second had an isolated atresia. Both patients survived following resection of the cysts. PMID- 7373497 TI - Neonatal pneumopericardium: current management. AB - Neonatal pneumopericardium (PPC) is a frequently encountered complication of ventilator therapy. However, the appropriate management remains controversial. We describe seven infants who demonstrate the clinical spectrum of PPC. It is apparent that PPC can occur as an asymptomatic finding and may not require invasive therapy. PPC may present also with cardiac tamponade and require immediate diagnosis and therapy. Simple needle pericardiocentesis is appropriate therapy for most cases with tamponade, however a few babies with PPC uncontrolled by needle aspiration required placement of pericardial catheter for continuous drainage of the air. Mortality from PPC with tamponade (86% without therapy) should be much improved with modern management. PMID- 7373498 TI - Intestinal obstruction caused by primary adhesions due to Familial Mediterranean Fever. AB - Repeated acute abdominal episodes of Familial Mediterranean Fever can lead to peritoneal bands. These may cause mechanical obstruction of the bowel, requiring surgical intervention. Three such cases are reported, including one fatality. PMID- 7373499 TI - Gastric teratoma extending into the mediastinum. AB - This is a case report of gastric teratoma of which a larger part extended into the mediastinum. PMID- 7373501 TI - Small bowel perforation: an unusual complication from burn injury. PMID- 7373500 TI - Intestinal strangulation between two vertebra following an axial dislocation of L1/L2. AB - An exceptional cause of intestinal obstruction is reported. Ileus is an 8-yr-old boy persisted for 9 days after successful reduction of an axial dislocation of L1 on L2. At laparotomy, a paraduodenal hernia with bowel strangulated between the bodies of L1 and L2 was discovered. The successful treatment consisted of cleaning out the intervertebral space, resection of the necrotic bowel with anastomosis, antibiotic therapy, and a plaster jacket worn for 3 mo. PMID- 7373503 TI - Perforation of the appendix in the neonatal period. AB - Perforation of the appendix in the neonatal period may be a complication of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and should be differentiated from perforating appendicitis in later life. A patient is presented together with a review of the literature to illustrate this concept. Perforation of the appendix occurred in a 12-day-old preterm baby. Th cause of this perforation is assumed to be localized full thickness necrosis of the appendiceal wall, a form of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. The similarity between the clinical histories of neonates with so called "appendicitis" and those with necrotizing enterocolitis is pointed out. It is argued that "idiopathic primary peritonitis" probably does not exist, but that the peritonitis may be secondary to similar small perforations of the bowel. The importance of a thorough search for such a perforation is stressed. PMID- 7373502 TI - Obstructive circular-muscle defect in the small bowel in a one-year-old child. AB - Investigation to determine the cause of vomiting in a 14-mo-old child revealed partial obstruction at a narrowed segment of mid small bowel, with local deficiency of circular muscle and ballooning proximally. The pathogenesis of this apparently unique lesion is uncertain. PMID- 7373505 TI - Cystic duplication of the rectum: a case report. AB - A case of cystic duplication of the rectum is presented. This infant was admitted with progressive tenesmus and constipation resulting in intestinal obstruction. Rectal examination revealed a tense, cystic presacral mass. Barium enema confirmed the presence of the cyst. Complete excision resulted in a cure and histologic findings showed it to be a rectal duplication. PMID- 7373504 TI - A case of neonatal intussusception. AB - A case of ileocotic intussusception in a 48-hr-old neonate due to saccular duplication of the terminal ileum is presented. The unique nature of intussusception due to a leading point is underscored and the case for early surgical intervention is emphasized. Barium enema examination is stressed as a prime diagnostic tool whenever intussusception is suspected. PMID- 7373506 TI - Observation of cystic dilatation of the common bile duct by ultrasonography. AB - We have studied a patient with congenital cystic dilatation of the common bile duct who had undergone ultrasonography five times in 6 mo before operation. Ultrasonography revealed that the duct was distended with inflammation, and was deflated when inflammation was not present. PMID- 7373507 TI - Vesico-umbilical fistula: a complication of umbilical artery cutdown. AB - A vesico-umbilical fistula occurred following cut down for catheterization of the umbilical artery in a premature infant; a previously unreported complication. Knowledge of the variations in anatomical structure of the urachus and umbilical arteries at birth will help to prevent this complication. PMID- 7373508 TI - Posterior urethral duplication and triplication in the male. AB - This is a report of a case of urethral triplication in a male baby with two accessory urethral channels terminating at the perineum and a normally situated but partially strictured urethra. Classification of urethral duplications is discussed and an embryologic explanation of type III urethral duplications proposed. PMID- 7373509 TI - Social anxiety, self-presentation, and the self-serving bias in causal attribution. AB - Two experiments were conducted to provide evidence concerning the contribution of self-presentation concerns to the self-serving bias in causal attribution (individuals' tendency to assume more personal responsibility for a success than for a failure outcome) and its occasional, but systematic, reversal. In Experiment 1 high- but not low-social-anxiety participants presented themselves in a far more modest light when a committee of high prestige others was to join the experimenter in evaluating their behavior than when the committee evaluation was canceled. In Experiment 2 this reversal of the self-serving bias among high social-anxiety subjects (in the evaluative context) was replicated, and it was also found that both high- and low-social-anxiety participants portrayed the causes of their behavior in a more modest fashion when they responded via the "bogus pipeline," a measurement technique designed to reduce distortion and dissimulation in verbal responses, than when they responded in the traditional paper-and-pencil format (although the influence of the bogus pipeline above and beyond the committee evaluation in eliciting "honest" responses from subjects only reached significance for low-social-anxiety subjects). These findings are discussed in terms of the varying self-presentation strategies and differing self concepts of individuals high and low in social anxiety, as well as the self presentation component to apparently self-enhancing and self-effacing causal attributions for performance. PMID- 7373510 TI - Effects of sex role attitudes and similarity on men's rejection of male homosexuals. AB - The present study investigated reactions to homosexuals as a function of perceived attitude similarity and subjects' sex role attitudes. Male subjects, preselected on the basis of their profeminist, moderate, or antifeminist scores on the Attitude Toward Feminism Scale were assigned at random to one of the four experimental conditions. Using a standard attraction paradigm design, subjects rated a bogus "partner," who was represented as either homosexual or heterosexual and as having attitudes either similar or dissimilar to theirs. Consistent with predictions, similar partners were liked more than dissimilar partners, and heterosexual partners were liked more than homosexuals. Homosexuals were seen as more dissimilar to the subjects in all conditions. Further, liberals were more accepting of homosexuals and dissimilar partners than were traditionals. The results are discussed in terms of the relationship between sex role attitudes and tolerance of dissimilarity. PMID- 7373511 TI - Cultural myths and supports for rape. AB - This article describes the "rape myth" and tests hypotheses derived from social psychological and feminist theory that acceptance of rape myths can be predicted from attitudes such as sex role stereotyping, adversarial sexual beliefs, sexual conservatism, and acceptance of interpersonal violence. Personality characteristics, background characteristics, and personal exposure to rape, rape victims, and rapists are other factors used in predictions. Results from regression analysis of interview data indicate that the higher the sex role stereotyping, adversarial sexual beliefs, and acceptance of interpersonal violence, the greater a respondent's acceptance of rape myths. In addition, younger and better educated people reveal less stereotypic, adversarial, and proviolence attitudes and less rape myth acceptance. Discussion focuses on the implications of these results for understanding and changing this cultural orientation toward sexual assault. PMID- 7373512 TI - Facial expressions of emotion as conditioned stimuli for human autonomic responses. AB - This investigation tested the hypothesis that congruity of a facial affective expression with an aversive outcome as compared to incongruity of an expression and outcome would result in superior differential conditioning of an autonomic response (skin conductance) to the facial expression. Using a differential conditioning paradigm with slides of fear faces and happy faces as CS+ and CS- or CS- AND CS+, resepctively, the resultant findings are consistent with predictions. Both magnitude and rate of acquisition of the differential conditioned response were greater when a fear expression was reinforced by shock than when a happy expression was reinforced by shock. PMID- 7373514 TI - Sexual responsiveness of college students to rape depictions: inhibitory and disinhibitory effects. AB - Two experiments were conducted to identify the specific dimensions in portrayals of sexual violence that inhibit or disinhibit the sexual responsiveness of male and female college students. The first experiment replicated earlier findings that normals are less sexually aroused by portrayals of sexual assault than by depictions of mutually consenting sex. In the second experiment, it was shown that portraying the rape victim as experiencing an involuntary orgasm disinhibited subjects' sexual responsiveness and resulted in levels of arousal comparable to those elicited by depictions of mutually consenting sex. Surprisingly, however, it was found that although female subjects were most aroused when the rape victim was portrayed as experiencing an orgasm and no pain, males were most aroused when the victim experienced an orgasm and pain. The relevance of these data to pornography and to the common belief among rapists that their victims derive pleasure from being assaulted is discussed. Misattribution, identification, and power explanations of the findings are also discussed. Finally, it is suggested that arousing stimuli that fuse sexuality and violence may have antisocial effects. PMID- 7373513 TI - Intimacy, arousal, and small group crowding. PMID- 7373515 TI - Comment on ethical issues in Malamuth, Heim, and Feshbach's "Sexual responsiveness of college students to rape depictions: inhibitory and disinhibitory effects". AB - Malamuth, Heim, and Feshbach's concern about presenting "totally false" rape depictions to students and editorial request for comment led to review of the following: (a) possible effects of exposure and debriefing, which were not evaluated; (b) responsibilities in interpretation when data differ from expectations and for males and females; and (c) communications to the public. A reviewer questioned classroom testing on rape depictions. PMID- 7373516 TI - Ethical issues and exposure to rape stimuli: a reply to Sherif. AB - The three ethical issues raised by Sherif are discussed. In response to the first issue, we recognize the need to measure the effectiveness of our attempts to counteract possible undesirable effects of the research materials. Problems that arise in implementing such an assessment are considered. Also discussed is the possibility that exposure to such materials combined with an effective discrediting communication may have beneficial effects. In addressing the second issue, it is argued that Sherif's criticisms of our alternative data interpretations are unfounded. Finally, Sherif's suggestion to formalize the process of having investigators consider the social policy implications of their research is whole-heartedly supported. PMID- 7373517 TI - Etiology of dependence in older nursing home residents during morning care: the role of staff behavior. AB - Previous findings indicate that elderly nursing home residents' dependent and independent behavior are modifiable and thus partly a function of reinforcing environmental events. The present study was an attempt to explicate such functional relationships in terms of naturally occurring resident--staff interactions. An observational-operant design was implemented with a sample of 17 staff members and 36 elderly nursing home residents. Sequential observations of resident--staff interactions were recorded daily during morning care over a 23 day period. Frequency analysis of each behavior recorded revealed that of the 1,428 observed behaviors in the presence of staff, resident behaviors constituted 563 and staff behavior 865 of the total. Residents performed independent behaviors most frequently, whereas dependence-supportive behavior was the most frequent staff behavior. As to resident--staff interactions, sequential analyses showed that independent behavior by the elderly was followed more often by dependence-supportive than by independence-supportive behavior by the staff. Staff dependence-supportive behavior was the most frequent consequence for dependent behavior by the elderly. The sequential data, with regard to resident- staff interactions in morning-care situations, allow the inference that independent behavior in self-maintenance care is not maintained by staff behavior but perhaps by intrinsic reinforcers or reinforcing agents other than staff, whereas dependent behavior is directly maintained by staff reinforcement. PMID- 7373518 TI - Reducing the stress of high-density living: an architectural intervention. AB - The present study assesses the effects of an architectural intervention on residential crowding stress and poststressor effects. Residents of long-corridor, short-corridor, and long-corridor-intervention dormitory floors were surveyed and social behavior and space use patterns were systematically observed over a 3 month period. As predicted, although students living in the three environments were initially comparable, residents of the long-corridor floor (40 residents sharing space) reported more crowding and residential social problems over time, whereas short-corridor residents (20 residents sharing space) and modified long corridor residents (20 residents sharing space) reported fewer of these problems. The results are interpreted in terms of a model of crowding in which architectural features of interior spaces are associated with space use patterns that facilitate or inhibit informal group development and regulation of the frequency of interaction and the amount of privacy. These conditions, in turn, are related to stress and stresslike symptoms. PMID- 7373519 TI - Attention, unpredictability, and reports of physical symptoms: eliminating the benefits of predictability. AB - Sometimes unpredictable aversive events have more adverse consequences than predictable aversive events and sometimes not. Three experiments were conducted to test an attentional explanation of the inconsistent effects of unpredictability. This explanation suggests that unpredictable events exert a deleterious influence because more attention is typically directed to them. If there were no difference in the amount of attention directed to unpredictable and predictable events, however, there should be no difference in their effects. The validity of these notions was assessed by applying them to one previously established finding from the unpredictability literature--the finding that exposure to unpredictable noise leads to reports of more severe physical symptoms than does exposure to predictable noise. In Experiment 1, subjects performed a reaction time task while they listened to loud bursts of either predictable or unpredictable noise. As expected, reaction times were slower when the noise was unpredictable than when it was not. This finding suggests that more attention had been directed to the unpredictable than the predictable noise. In Experiments 2 and 3, subjects were exposed to either predictable or unpredictable noise and were either instructed to attend to the noise or given no special instructions. In both cases, subjects not instructed to attend to the noise reported more severe symptoms when the noise was unpredictable than when it was not, thus replicating the previous finding. Of greater interest, however, was the fact that equating the amount of attention directed to the unpredictable and predictable noise (by asking subjects to attend to the noise) eliminated the apparent benefits of predictability. The discussion of the findings centers on their theoretical and practical significance. PMID- 7373520 TI - [Studies on antispasmodics. IV. Synthesis and anticholinergic activity of diarylhydroxymethylquinolizidine methohalides (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373521 TI - [Metabolism of 4-ethoxy-2-methyl-5-morpholino-3(2H)-pyridazinone (M73101), a new anti-inflammatory agent. IV. Plasma concentration and absorption in various animals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373523 TI - [On the toxigenic fungi contaminating crude drugs. I. Mycoflora of commercially available crude drugs and productivity of mycotoxins in some species (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373522 TI - [Studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. IV. Synthesis of apalcillin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373524 TI - [Studies on betamethasone: Behavior of betamethasone in acid or alkaline medium, photolysis, and oxidation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373525 TI - [Studies on the formulation and admixture of parenteral preparations. I. Degradation of ascorbic acid and cyanocobalamin by sodium bisulfite added to ascorbic acid injection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373526 TI - Determination of extent of hydration of water-miscible organic liquids in aqueous solution from viscisoty data. PMID- 7373527 TI - Spectra of radical cations of phenothiazine derivatives in solution and solid state. AB - The UV and visible spectra of radical cations of several phenothiazine derivatives were studied using different solvents. The establishment of a relationship between these bands and the R2 and R10 substituents was attempted. The influence of the disolvents on the bands also was studied. The characteristic charge transfer band was observed in the solid state using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The R2 substituent did not appear to influence the band, while the R10 substituent influenced the band considerably, probably due to steric effects. PMID- 7373528 TI - Antifungal properties of n-alkanols, alpha, omega-n-alkanediols, and omega-chloro alpha-alkanols. AB - Fourteen n-alkanols (C1-C12, C14, and C16), 13 alpha,omega-n-alkanediols (C2-C12, C14, and C16), and 13 omega-chloro-alpha-alkanols (C2-C12, C14, and C16) were tested against Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, and Myrothecium verucaria in Sabouraud dextrose agar at pH 4.0 and 5.6. Toxicity to Candida blbicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Mucor mucedo was determined in the same medium at pH 5.6 and 7.0 in the absence and presence of 10% beef serum. The fungitoxicity of these alcohols was influenced by chain length and insignificantly by the pH of the medium and the presence of beef serum. The C10 member of each series was most active; the order of activity of the three groups was chloroalkanols greater than alkanols greater than alkanediols. Compared to the fatty acids, the order of fungitoxicity on a weight basis was 2-alkynoic acids greater than 2-alkenoic acids greater than omega-chloralkanols greater than alkanoic acids greater than 2-bromoalkanoic acids greater than 2-fluoroalkanoic acids greater than n-alkoxyacetic acids greater than n-alkanols greater than alpha,omega-n-alkanediols. PMID- 7373529 TI - New instrumentation for determining flexure breaking strength of capsule-shaped tablets. AB - New instrumentation to measure the flexure breaking strength of capsule-shaped tablets was developed. It consisted of a mechanical linkage to apply the breaking load at a uniform rate and a strain-gauge instrumented cantilever beam to convert the load to a proportional millivolt response on a recorder. A recorder tracing was obtained of increasing load with time, with a break in the tracing denoting the tablet's flexure breaking strength. Measurements were made for different tablet hardnesses, and a plot of tablet hardness versus flexure breaking strength yielded a profile of the mechanical strength of the tablet. The instrumentation was shown to have application for determining the effects of tablet thicknesses, tablet ingredients, tablet sizes, cup depths, and bisect dimensions on tablet strength. PMID- 7373530 TI - Vehicle effects in percutaneous absorption: in vitro study of influence of solvent power and microscopic viscosity of vehicle on benzocaine release from suspension hydrogels. AB - The release through silicone rubber membranes of benzocaine suspended in carbomer hydrogels containing different concentrations of low molecular weight polysols (ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, and sorbitol) was studied to establish general principles and procedures for control of the effects on percutaneous absorption caused by changes in drug solubility and/or diffusivity in the vehicle. The effect of the additives on the release is expressed in terms of the relative released amount, i.e., the ratio, Q/Qw, of the amount of drug released from each additive-containing gel to the amount released at the same time from the additive-free gel. The experimental Q/Qw values are correlated with values calculated by a simple equation involving known or readily measurable parameters such as the drug concentration in the gel, the drug solubility in the pure liquid phase, and the viscosity of this phase. Derivation of such a relationship from a known equation describing the vehicle-controlled relase of suspended drugs was possible because an inverse proportionality was observed between drug diffusivity in the gels and the viscosity of the respective solvents. This relationship is interpreted with respect to current theories on drug diffusion in diluted gels. PMID- 7373531 TI - Effect of particle size on ophthalmic bioavailability of dexamethasone suspensions in rabbits. AB - Three suspensions of 0.1% [3H]dexamethasone were prepared with mean particle sizes of 5.75, 11.5, and 22.0 micron. The suspensions were dosed topically to the right eyes of rabbits. Their bioavailability was compared by measuring aqueous humor and corneal levels over 5 hr. A statistically significant rank-order correlation was observed between increasing drug levels and decreasing particle size. PMID- 7373532 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cimetidine in humans. AB - Cimetidine given orally without food after an overnight fast produces a blood concentration curve with a pronounced second peak that does not appear after parenteral administration or when the drug is taken with food. The following interpretation of this kinetic phenomenon is proposed: 1. The drug cumulates in a tissue or organ that is well perfused in the first-pass transfer. 2. The hepatic parenchymal tissue and the bile phase are the most likely storage areas. 3. The high capacity of the cumulation may be due to the formation of conjugates or other modifications of the drug with a pronounced affinity for the hepatic biliary system. 4. The rate of cumulation is much higher in the first-pass transfer than from the systemic circulation, possibly due to the difference in the drug concentrations and the conjugation rate. 5. The cumulation appears to occur by a competitive process. 6. Absorbed elements of food seem to compete in this process. 7. The second peak apparently is the result of a rapid release of drug and bioreversible drug compounds from the hepatic-biliary system with subsequent reabsorption. 8. This release may occur spontaneously but appears to be triggered by food intake. A pharmacokinetic model constructed according to this interpretation showed good agreement with data from oral, intravenous, and intramuscular administration. The special problems associated with the evaluation of bioavailability in the presence of reabsorption are discussed. PMID- 7373533 TI - Human pharmacokinetics of a new braod-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic, ceforanide. AB - The pharmacokinetics of the l-lysine salt of ceforanide were studied after intravenous administration of 1132 and 2264 mg as 30-min constant-rate infusions and after intramuscular administration of 556 and 1132 mg. The peak intravenous plasma concentrations were 136 and 222 microgram/ml at termination of infusion, and 12-hr trough concentrations were 5.9 and 9.0 microgram/ml, respectively. The peak intramuscular plasma concentrations were 38 and 74 microgram/ml at 1.0-1.3 hr after dosing, and 12-hr trough concentrations were 3.9 and 6.7 microgram/ml, respectively. When 19 successive intravenous and intramuscular doses at these levels were administered at 12-hr intervals, there was no tendency toward drug accumulation. The major drug elimination route was urinary excretion; 85% of the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine within 12 hr, and no metabolites with antibiotic activity were observed in urine. The mean terminal plasma half-life was 2.98 hr, the mean plasma protein binding was 80.6%, the steady-state volume of distribution was 12 liters, the plasma clearance was 45.9 ml/min/1.73 m2, and the renal clearance was 34.9 ml/min/1.73 m2. The pharmacokinetic properties and antibacterial activity spectrum indicate that this antibiotic should be effective in treating human bacterial infections when administered at 12-hr intervals. It is presently under clinical investigation. PMID- 7373534 TI - Influence of viscosity on absorption from nitrofurantoin suspensions. AB - Nitrofurantoin, 200 mg, was administered orally to 11 subjects in an aqueous reference dispersion and in five suspensions having the same rheogram. Algin, carbomer, guar gum, methylcellulose, and colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate were the five suspending agents employed. Complexation was demonstrated by dialysis between nitrofurantoin and methylcellulose and between nitrofurantoin and carbomer; however, physiological availability was not altered by the interaction. The viscosity increase slowed absorption and urinary excretion, thus delaying the time of the maximum excretion rate without a decrease in bioavailability. A clinically acceptable urinary nitrofurantoin concentration was maintained for at least 2 hr longer by a viscosity increase. PMID- 7373536 TI - Adsorption of lecithin by cholesterol. AB - Egg lecithin was adsorbed significantly by cholesterol monohydrate crystals. Adsorption data obtained at initial concentrations of less than 1.1 mM lecithin fitted the Langmuir equation. The calculated adsorption capacity suggested formation of a lecithin bilayer or a mixed bilayer of lecithin and cholesterol. The amount of lecithin adsorbed was highly dependent on the cholate concentration in the incubation medium. Minimal adsorption was observed at approximately 5 mM cholate. The presence of quaternary ammonium slats and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate caused desorption. The finding of an adsorptive layer supported the existence of an interfacial barrier than controls cholesterol dissolution. PMID- 7373535 TI - Digoxin degradation in acidic dissolution medium. AB - The release of digoxin and its simultaneous conversion to digoxigenin bisdigitoxoside, digoxigenin monodigitoxoside, and digoxigenin in a USP dissolution test medium were followed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Two products, Tablets A and B, were manufactured by solvent deposition and simple blending methods, respectively. Tablet A released digoxin faster than Tablet B in distilled water and in artificial intestinal juice, and no decomposition was observed. In the USP dissolution test medium, the rate of hydrolysis to digoxigenin bisdigitoxoside was almost equal to that of hydrolysis to digoxigenin monodigitoxoside, and a comparatively large formation rate of digoxigenin was observed. Concentrations of digoxin and its decomposition products were described by differential equations that included dissolution rates of digoxin (rapidly dissolving digoxin and digoxin crystals) and an apparent hydrolysis rate. In the earlier stage of dissolution, hydrolysis was rate determining; in the later stage, dissolution became the rate-determining step for overall digoxin degradation. To suppress digoxin hydrolysis in the USP dissolution test medium, a developmental formulation study was performed. The incorporation of magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide-aluminum hydroxide in the tablet formulations inhibited digoxin hydrolysis by 15.3 and 14.5%, respectively, after dissolution for 30 min without serious delay of drug release. PMID- 7373537 TI - Molecular structure influencing either a sweet or bitter taste among aldoximes. AB - A series of cyclohexylaldoximes was examined for their sweet or bitter taste using discriminant analysis. The structures of the molecules were described using molecular connectivity. A two-variable linear discriminant function and critical value were computed that correctly assigned 17 of the 20 molecules to their observed sweet or bitter taste categories. The same discriminant function can predict correctly the taste categories of seven of eight additional molecules. PMID- 7373538 TI - Biological disposition of sodium dichloroacetate in animals and humans after intravenous administration. AB - Sodium dichloroacetate, a potential antidote for lactic acidosis, was administered intravenously to rats, dogs, and four humans. In three rats, maximum plasma sodium dichloroacetate concentrations were 120-164 microgram/ml after a 100-mg/kg dose and declined with half-lives of 2.1-4.4 hr. In two dogs, maximal concentrations of 447 and 508 microgram/ml were attained after a 100-mg/kg dose. The subsequent decline was relatively slow with approximate half-lives of 17.1 and 24.6 hr. An intravenous infusion of 10 mg/kg was administered over 20 min to two human subjects. Two other subjects received 20 mg/kg. After the infusion, maximum plasma concentrations of 19.9 and 24.7 microgram/ml were seen with the lower dose and 57.3 and 74.9 microgram/ml were achieved with the higher dose. Thereafter, concentrations declined rapidly with half-lives of 20-36 min. The observed large interspecies differences in half-lives could be explained in terms of differences in the apparent volume of distribution and/or clearance. PMID- 7373539 TI - Analysis of benzimidazoles in body fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A simple assay for benzimidazole in plasma and GI fluids using high-performance liquid chromatography was developed. The benzimidazoles were extracted using ether and were chromatographed with methanol-ammonium carbonate mixtures as the eluting solvents. Benzimidazole was detectable in 4 ml of plasma or GI fluid to a limit of 20 ng/ml. PMID- 7373540 TI - Prostaglandin prodrugs VI: structure-thermodynamic activity and structure-aqueous solubility relationships. AB - Solubilities in isoctane and water were determined for several C1-phenolic esters of prostaglandin F2 alpha and prostaglandin E2 and acetates having the same phenol moiety. Linear free energy relationships for solubility among the series were observed with slopes of approximately 1. These results suggest that the contributions of the phenyl substituent to the free energies of these processes are similar in the three series, even though the structure of the acyl moiety is varied. In addition, aqueous solubility was separated into two thermodynamic components, reflecting transfer from the solid phase to an inert solvent and transfer from the inert solvent to water, to evaluate the relative effects of various substituents on the escaping tendency of the drug from the solid phase and on solution interactions. It was found that polar, hydrogen-bonding functional groups in many cases do not bring about increased water solubility because of a corresponding increase in intermolecular interaction in the solid phase. PMID- 7373542 TI - Measurement of film-coating adhesiveness. AB - A modified balance was used to measure the adhesive force between the film coating and the tablet surface of 10 commercial film-coated tablets. The adhesiveness or force required to remove the film coating from a unit area of tablet surface ranged from 1.06 to 4.67 x 10(4) Nm-2. Measurement of at least eight film coatings from the sides of four tablets was calculated to be required to obtain a result with 95% confidence. The method also was useful in studying the influence of solvents and humidity on bonding of the film coating to the tablet. PMID- 7373541 TI - Prelminary examination of rabbit conjunctival mucins. AB - Conjunctival mucins from albino rabbits were fractionated using gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography. Charge homogeneity of the various conjunctival mucin fractions was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight characteristics of the isolated fractions varied with the analytical scheme employed. Two schemes yielded mucins with molecular weights of 10(4), 10(5), and 10(6). However, when anion-exchange chromatography was the first step in the fractionation scheme, the dominant mucin had a molecular weight of 1.7 x 10(5). In contrast, when gel filtration chromatography was the first step, the dominant mucin had a molecular weight of 5.7 x 10(4). It was postulated that during migration through the anion-exchange matrix, the low molecular weight conjunctival mucin underwent trimer formation. Comparison with the mucin fractions isolated from tear mucoid threads revealed that the scheme beginning with anion-exchange chromatography preserved the fractionation pattern seen in tear mucoid threads. This result implies that conjunctival mucins undergo an association prior to or after their entry into the tear film. The molecular event of interest in this process is self-association of the species with a molecular weight of 5.7 x 10(4), resulting in a trimer with a molecular weight of 1.7 x 10(5). This trimer appears to resist deaggregation on exposure to a medium of lesser ionic strength. Several explanations are offered for its formation as well as for its stability. The implication of multiple conjunctival (tear) mucins for tear film stability also is discussed. PMID- 7373543 TI - Synthesis and cyclization of dialkylmalonuric esters. AB - A novel method for the synthesis of methyl dialkylmalonuric esters was developed using the base-catalyzed ring opening of an isopropylidene malonic ester with urea as the key step. The rates of cyclization of these malonuric esters to the corresponding barbituric acids then were studied at buffer concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1.00 M. The reaction was shown to be general base catalyzed, and the reaction rate was found to be subject to a deuterium isotope effect, kH2O/kD2O=1.3. The thermodynamic activation parameters also were determined. A three-step mechanism for the conversion of malonuric esters to barbituric acids was proposed; it involved a rapid cyclization step, followed by proton removal by a general base catalyst and a rate-determining collapse of the resulting tetrahedral intermediate aided by a general acid. PMID- 7373544 TI - Distribution of tetracycline in red blood cells. AB - The distribution of tetracycline into human red blood cells was studied in vitro at 37 degrees. The drug was taken up rapidly by the cells, and its distribution equilibrium was reached after approximately 10 min of incubation. The steady state distribution ratio of the drug between the red cells and extracellular fluid of 0.9% NaCl solution was 2.84, while the distribution ratio between the cells and the plasma solution was 0.9. The reduced cellular uptake in plasma was due to binding of the drug to plasma components. Calcium ions in plasma appeared to reduce tetracycline uptake by the red cells. The red cell distribution of tetracycline in dogs was in close agreement with the in vitro data using the washed human red cells. A dog suffering from severe hypoalbuminemia showed greater uptake of the drug by the erythrocytes, while a normal healthy dog exhibited the red cell-plasma distribution ratio of 0.98. The release rate of tetracycline from the preloaded cells into normal saline solution indicated that the release was directly proportional to the cellular concentration of the drug; the first-order release rate was approximately 1.38 hr-1. PMID- 7373545 TI - Induced resistance in Staphylococcus aureus for assay of antibiotic mixtures in pharmaceutical preparations. AB - A new microbiological method was developed for the assay of neomycin and spiramycin. These antibiotics usually cannot be quantitated individually when they are combined in a pharmaceutical preparation since both act on the same test organism. By inducing resistance to each antibiotic in Staphylococcus aureus, two new strains were obtained. Quantitation can be accomplished easily with these strains. PMID- 7373546 TI - Determination of dextro- and levomethorphan mixtures using chiral lanthanide NMR shift reagents. AB - Europium and praseodymium chiral NMR shift reagents were used to differentiate between dextro- and leveomethorphan. The enantiomeric shift differences (delta delta delta) demonstrated by the singlet associated with the methoxy protons were large enough to identify the levo- and dextro-isomers and to allow for the determination of as little as 10% of one enantiomer in the presence of the other in a prepared mixture. The analytical method is rapid and can analyze samples as small as 1 mg. PMID- 7373547 TI - Potent inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation by marine natural products. AB - Many lipid-soluble extracts from various marine organisms have a nonspecific depressant effect on smooth muscle contractions. Novel compounds isolated from such lipid-soluble extracts were tested for their effects on the respiration of rat liver mitochondria and produced potent stimulation or inhibition of oxygen uptake by the mitochondria. PMID- 7373548 TI - Inhibition of in vitro cytochrome P-450-catalyzed reactions by substituted pyridines. AB - A series of substituted pyridines was investigated as inhibitors of cytochrome P 450-catalyzed reactions. The relative potencies for the in vitro inhibition of aminopyrine demethylation and aniline hydroxylation are reported for a series of 2-, 3-, and 4-substituted pyridines. PMID- 7373549 TI - Solid dispersion of morphine-tristearin with reduced presystemic inactivation in rats. AB - Solid dispersions of morphine in tristearin, beta-sitosterol, and cholesterol were prepared by evaporation of their ethanol solutions. Weight ratios of morphine-lipid of 1:1, 1:3, and 1:4.5 were prepared. Dissolution studies of the solid dispersions and morphine were conducted in a simulated GI medium at 37 degrees. The release rates of morphine from the tristearin dispersions were the slowest. The 1:1 morphine-tristearin dispersion was administered orally to rats. Free and total morphine levels in rat urine were determined by spectrofluorometric and enzymatic immunoassay procedures, respectively. The morphine-tristearin dispersion yielded a higher percentage of free morphine after 24 and 48 hr as compared with morphine and its sulfate. PMID- 7373550 TI - Identification of degradation products in a phenylbutazone tablet formulation. AB - Two previously reported but unidentified phenylburazone degradation products were isolated from a tablet that was stored at 60 degrees for 203 days. The compounds, alpha-(N-phenylcarbamoyl)-N-caproylhydrazobenzene and alpha-hydroxy-alpha-(N phenylcarbamoyl)-N-caproylhydrazobenzene, were isolated by chromatography, identified by mass and NMR spectrometry, and synthesized by the reaction of aniline with phenylbutazone or its hydroxy analog, respectively. PMID- 7373551 TI - Stability-indicating colorimetric assay for indicine N-oxide using TLC. AB - Aliquots of aqueous solutions in which indicine N-oxide may be degraded were mixed with 0.5 M formic acid (1:3) to adjust the pH to approximately 2-4 to quench the reaction and to ensure adequate TLC resolution. Silica-coated aluminum sheets were used to isolate indicine N-oxide by cutting the appropriate region from the chromatogram. By a modification of a known procedure, the silica gel then was treated with an acetic anhydride-diglyme mixture, and the mixture was heated to convert the drug to a pyrrole, which was then coupled with 4 dimethylaminobenzaldehyde to produce a color. The absorbance of the resulting solution was determined at 566 nm, and the apparent molar absorptivity, epsilon, based on the final indicine N-oxide concentration was 6.13 x 10(4). The recovery was approximately 92%, and the assays were readily reproducible with a coefficient of variation of 4.4%. PMID- 7373552 TI - Anticonvulsant properties of selected pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones and intermediates. AB - A series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones and intermediates was tested for anticonvulsant activity in mice. Eleven of the 15 compounds possessed anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions. One compound afforded more anticonvulsant protection against pentylenetetrazol than did trimethadione (67 and 50%, respectively). A suspension of this compound was found to be as effective as a solution in producing anticonvulsant activity. The results suggest that the nitrile analogs were more potent compared to the carbamyl analog due to higher lipid solubility. PMID- 7373553 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of pramoxine hydrochloride in high lipoid aerosol foam dosage form. AB - A rapid and quantitative method for the determination of pramoxine hydrochloride by high-pressure liquid chromatography is presented. The drug is extracted as the salt from a preparation with a high lipoid composition by partitioning it to the aqueous phase of an ether-methanol-water-acetic acid system. The extract is chromatographed on an octadecylsilane bonded packing with a methanol-water-acetic acid-methanesulfonic acid mobile phase. The time required for each separation is approximately 6 min. Analytical recoveries of 100.4 +/- 1.5% were obtained. PMID- 7373554 TI - Hepatic extraction of endogenous inhibitors of plasma protein binding. PMID- 7373555 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatography of triamcinolone acetonide: effect of different octadecylsilane columns on mobility. PMID- 7373556 TI - Effect of plasma protein binding on renal clearance of drugs. PMID- 7373557 TI - Is there a place for the use of ketamine in plastic and reconstructive surgery? PMID- 7373558 TI - Is there a place for the use of ketamine in plastic and reconstructive surgery? PMID- 7373559 TI - [Double polarized excitable system of the nerve fiber and its action potential (author's transl)]. AB - An excitable tissue, namely a nerve or muscle fiber was regarded as an excitable system consisted of "field of excitation" and "active element" and the nerve fiber especially as a double polarized excitable system, because its equivalent circuit in resting state was constituted of two polarized layers. On the above view point, the author stated the action potential of the double polarized excitable system as the following. In the double polarized excitable system, the inner layer is polarized Em by itself, while the outer layer surrounding out side the inner layer is polarized Eo due to discharge current of Em. Then the cell potential (resting potential) Ec, the potential difference between in and out side of the system, is represented as Ec=Em-Eo. Excitation is referred to the temporary change of the equivalent circuit of resting state to that of excited state by temporary state by temporary reduce of resistance of inner layer nearly to zero, resulting temporary decrease of Em and change of Ec (action potential). Through the event, decrease of resistance of the inner layer is the root of the process, so was named active element, and the other electric constitution as field of excitation. Theoretically calculated and experimentally recorded action potential of this system showed every course of the action potential of the nerve fiber known already, including overshoot or undershoot (positive after potential). PMID- 7373561 TI - Immunising against tetanus - a continuing problem. PMID- 7373562 TI - Manic depressive psychosis in India and the possible role of lithium as a natural prophylactic. I--Hypothesis. PMID- 7373560 TI - [Photically evoked lid potential changes, especially related to the position of the surface electrodes placed on the eyelid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373563 TI - Manic depressive psychosis in India and the possible role of lithium as a natural prophylactic. II--Lithium content of diet and some biological fluids in Indian subjects. PMID- 7373564 TI - Correlation of health morbidity to air pollutant levels in Bombay City: results of prospective 3 year survey at one year. PMID- 7373565 TI - Creatine phosphokinase activity and its isozymes in normal, fetal and Duchenne dystrophic muscle. PMID- 7373566 TI - Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis (an appraisal of clinico-surgical experiences with 228 cases). PMID- 7373567 TI - Hyperthyroidism following hypothyroidism. PMID- 7373568 TI - Hydroxyurea: effect on growth, structure, and [3H]thymidine uptake of Trypanosoma brucei procyclic culture forms. AB - Hydroxyurea (HU) in concentrations above 50 micrograms/ml reversibly inhibited cell division of Trypanosoma brucei brucei stock STIB 336 procyclic culture forms, but not growth of individual cells. The volume of the nucleus and of the cytoplasm increased in the presence of the drug as did the percentage of cells with 2 kinetoplasts. Electron microscopy revealed that the nuclear membrane was extended forming protrusions which surrounded areas of the cytoplasm. Replication of the kinetoplast DNA did not seem to be affected by HU. The uptake of [3H]thymidine increased in the presence of 25 micrograms/ml HU 3-fold compared to control cells. The nuclear volume and the dry weight of the culture forms increased proportionally to the amount of label incorporated. PMID- 7373569 TI - Toxicity of cacmium to Amoeba proteus: a biochemical approach. AB - The cadmium ion (Cd2+) was accumulated by Amoeba proteus in all cellular fractions, the highest level being associated with the cytosol fraction. On gel separation of the cytosol fraction, Cd-binding protein appeared in 2 peaks: one greater than 45,000 MW (PEAK I) and the other 12,000 MW (peak II). Added cysteine increased the total Cd2+ taken up by the cells and resulted in disproportionate increase of Cd incorporated into the Cd-binding protein of peak II. The Cd binding protein of peak II is analogous to the low-MW, Cd-binding proteins of Anacystis nidulans, Mytilus edulis, and to the metalloprotein of some vertebrates. PMID- 7373570 TI - Effects of autogamy in Paramecium tetraurelia on catalase activity and on radiosensitivity to natural ionizing radiations. AB - Catalase activity of Paramecium tetraurelia decreased during autogamy and recovered to normal 5 days later. Autogamy also caused changes in the ciliate's sensitivity to natural ionizing radiations--the decrease in cell growth rate previously described in shielded cultures did not occur when autogamous cells were used. Maximum effect of shielding was observed in 11-day-old postautogamous cells. The role of the catalase in the mechanism of natural iradiation effect is discussed. PMID- 7373571 TI - [Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the pellicle and apical complexes of the kinete of Babesia bigemina and Babesia ovis in the hemolymph and oavry of the tick]. AB - The term kinete is used in this paper for the cigar-shaped, motile development stages (VERMICULE") OF Babesia occurring intra- and extracellularly in hemolymph and overy (including oocytes) of vectors, hard ticks (Ixodoidea). The structure of, and cytochemical activities of hydrolases (acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase) in the pellicle and the apical complex was studied at the fine structural level in kinetes of Babesia bigemina Smith & Kilborne, in hemolympho of female Boophilus microplus Canestrini. The cytochemistry of acid hydrolases was studied also in kinetes of Babesia ovis (Babes) Starcovici, in hemolymph and ovary of Rhipicephalus bursa Canestrini & Fanzago. The pellicle of the B. bigemina kinetes is composted of 3 membranes (pellicular complex): an outer membrane, approximately 8 nm thick (the plasmalemma) and 2 innder ones, each approximately nm thick, lying closely together. The outer membrane appears to be covered by a structureless coat, 3 nm thick. The space between the inner double membrane and the plasmalemma is 7.5 nm. The whole pellicular complex is 30 nm in diameter. The 2 inner pellicular membranes appear to be derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for the following reasons: (a) a layer of hydrolase active material is enclosed by these membranes; (b) in the spheroid parasite stages which transform from kinetes inside hemocytes, the inner double membrane is apparently replaced by an ER cisterna; (c) the thickness of each of the inner pellicular membranes is approximately the same as that of the ER membrane. There are circular openings in the pellicular double membrane with average diameters of 100 nm; despite some similarity to micropores, they have a specific structure. The term Intrapellikularfenster (IPF) (intrapellicular windows) or pseudomicropores is proposed for these pellicular differentiations. The margin of an IPF is formed by the 2 inner membranes folding into each other; cytoplasmic, electron-dense material is accumulated alongside this edge. Unlike that of micropores, the plasmalemma of the IPF is not invaginated. The IPF appears as a single, dark ring in tangential sections. At times, rhoptry-like bodies are associated with the openings. The function of the IPF is not known. An intrapellicular opening similar to the IPF, although wider, is present at the apex of the parasite. Its margin coincides with the inners edge of the apical ring. Typical subpellicular microtubuli were not observed in the Babesia kinetes. The apical complex of the B. bigemina kinetes consists of an Apikalschirm (apical umbrella), a crown of microtubuli beneath it, and rhoptries: micronemes are also present in large numbers. The Apikalschirm is located beneath the pellicle of the apical pole of the parasite. It is a wheel-like structure composed of spokes radiating from a wide, hub=like central ring (apical ring). It should be stressed that the apical ring is not identical with the polar ring described as an integral part of the pellicular complex in other Apicomplexa... PMID- 7373572 TI - Inhibition of Leishmania donovani amastigote-to-promastigote transformation by infected hamster spleen lymphocyte lysates. AB - Leishmania donovani amastigote-to-promastigote transformation is inhibited by homogenates of infected hamster liver and spleen. This inhibitory activity is localized in the 100,000 g pellet fraction. Tests with lysates of adherent (macrophages) and nonadherent (lymphocytes) spleen cells indicated that the inhibitory activity resided in the lymphocytes, specifically in the 100,000 g pellet fraction. PMID- 7373573 TI - The ages of man. AB - A new approach to continuing education for the experienced general practitioner is described which makes use of small group work, provides a longitudinal framework for planning over several years, and by its flexibility permits the participants to shape the content to their needs. The principles behind the approach are described and each year's work considered with a discussion of the problems that emerged, what the attenders and organizers learned, and how the series evolved. PMID- 7373574 TI - Evaluation procedures for membership of the Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners. AB - Membership of the Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners is by examination. The criteria for membership and form of the examination have changed over the years. The latest examination includes two parts, part one including a multiple choice questionnaire and a simulated patient interview. Experienced practitioners can be excused this part. Part two includes a clinical diary and a visit to the practice during which the examiner watches consultations for half a day. PMID- 7373575 TI - Chest pain among oral contraceptive users. PMID- 7373576 TI - Why not pay for high turnover? PMID- 7373577 TI - Running a weight control group: experiences of a psychologist and a general practitioner. AB - A weight control group is described, led jointly by a general practitioner and a clinical psychologist. Approaches employed included dietary advice, behavioural advice, and group support. Of the original 16 members (including one group leader), seven dropped out at an early stage and the reasons for this are discussed. All members were re-weighed at intervals up to 18 months after the beginning of the six-month intensive period. They were also interviewed by a psychological research worker a year after the start of the group. The results suggest that a combined dietetic and psychological approach to weight control is of value. PMID- 7373578 TI - A postal screening questionnaire in preventive geriatric care. AB - A postal questionnaire was introduced as a screening procedure for a comprehensive geriatric assessment programme in general practice. It had a response rate of 81 per cent, a sensitivity of 0.95, a specificity of 0.68, and a predictive value of 0.91. The use of this screening procedure could reduce the workload of an assessment programme by one fifth. PMID- 7373579 TI - The prevention of coronary heart disease in general practice. AB - Four hundred and eighty-one (75 per cent) of the male patients between 35 and 55 years of age in a health centre group practice were screened for risk factors for coronary heart disease. An attempt was made to alter these factors and the effectiveness of the intervention was later assessed. We consider that where there is an attached health visitor a screening programme can be carried out as part of general practice without too great an increase in work-load for the general practitioner. The continued surveillance of those at risk and the alteration of the risk factors is more arduous. We think the assistance of the other health care professionals such as the area health education officer and dietician is essential in such a programme. PMID- 7373580 TI - Why not a nurses' formulary? PMID- 7373584 TI - Training district nurses. PMID- 7373582 TI - Women general practitioners in Oxfordshire. AB - The proportion of women medical students is increasing as is the proportion of women trainees. However, we have found in a survey of general practices in Oxfordshire that women are still under-represented as general practitioner principals and that some women patients are seeking women doctors without success. We suggest that neither ability nor training is the problem and that there may be important difficulties for women arising from attitudes to women doctors and lack of opportunities for part-time work in general practice. PMID- 7373583 TI - Some aspects of vocational training. PMID- 7373581 TI - Home versus hospital confinement. AB - The case for hospital rather than home delivery has been powerfully argued, especially in and since the Report of the Peel Committee. Nevertheless, evidence of comparison with other countries, notably the Netherlands, suggests the choice is not necessarily simple.Some general practitioner units are now reporting perinatal mortality rates which are consistently lower than those of specialist units, and recent statistical analyses suggest that the presence of more high risk cases in consultant units does not explain this. The only big controlled home-versus-hospital trial did not lead to a significantly lower perinatal mortality rate in the hospital group.The onus of proof now seems to lie with those who advocate 100 per cent hospital confinement. PMID- 7373585 TI - Doubt and caution about the D and C. PMID- 7373586 TI - The role of the practice nurse. AB - No definitive syllabus of practical skills for the practice nurse has been published. I describe some specific educational objectives for the use of these skills, tested recently in a course for practice nurses. The topics they cover include: preventive measures, diagnostic tests, patient treatment, patient care (that is, conditions requiring extended patient contact), and treatment room management. PMID- 7373587 TI - A practice nurses' course--content and evaluation. AB - Practice nurses need special training to extend knowledge and skills well beyond those of general professional training in order to function competently, with assurance, and with safety. The content and evaluation of one such programme is described. PMID- 7373588 TI - Surgery-attached psychogeriatric nurses: an evaluation of psychiatric nurses in the primary care team. AB - Aspects of the work of five community psychiatric nurses are examined by means of a questionnaire completed by the nurses for a sample of 50 patients. Information sharing and a close working relationship with the general practitioner, skills relating to assessment and psychological support of patients, organization of care by other agencies, a detailed knowledge of community agencies, and a capacity for interdisciplinary working were all found to be important. Tasks relating to body care were reported in only a small number of cases. The nurses saw themselves as advising on the planning of patient management and the selection of medication in a substantial minority of cases. The original brief had been to care for psychogeriatric patients but a third of the patients fell into a younger age group. These findings are discussed in connection with their implications for the future training of nurses and the relationship between primary care teams and local psychiatric services. PMID- 7373589 TI - Hernia repair and time off work in Oxford. AB - The variation in time off work was investigated in 261 men aged between 18 and 65 years whose inguinal herniae were repaired in Oxford hospitals in 1971/72 and 1974/75. The average time off was 51 calendar days compared with 70 days nationally. Complications, a heavy job, low sick pay, and family worries were found to be the main factors associated with increased time off, although they accounted for only 42 per cent of the variance. Men stopping smoking at the surgeon's request had less time off, and so had men who had been given an estimate before their operation of their likely duration of absence, especially when the estimate was given by the surgeon. PMID- 7373590 TI - The use of barium meals by general practitioners and hospital doctors. AB - A random sample of the records of patients having barium meal examinations at a district general hospital was reviewed. In both males and females, there was no significant difference in the proportions of abnormalities between referrals from hospital doctors and general practitioners. Younger males were less likely to show abnormalities than older males, but there was no age difference in the proportions of abnormal barium meals in females. There was a smaller proportion of major abnormalities (19 per cent) in female than male patients (28 per cent). This study does not suggest that any reduction of direct access barium meal examinations for general practitioners is necessary. PMID- 7373591 TI - Electronic monitoring evidence of fetal distress in high-risk pregnancies. AB - The oxytocin challenge test (OCT) has been shown in other studies to be valuable in evaluating high-risk pregnancies. The purpose of this study was to show the relationship of various disease states and clinical conditions with OCT results and fetal performance in labor. Of a group of normal patients, 4% had positive OCTs or late decelerations (LDs) in labor. The incidence of positive OCTs or LDs in labor in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) class B-R was 23.2%; in DM class A, 27.6%; in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), 26.2%; in pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), 27.6%; in chronic hypertension (CH), 13.6%; and in prolonged gestation, 10.8%. This study shows that DM of all classes, IUGR and PIH are the most likely conditions in which persistent LDs will occur. PMID- 7373592 TI - Body weight and cycle control of injectable contraceptives. AB - Five long-acting progestogens were tried as injectable contraceptives in 1,363 women for one to three years. A total of 22,304 woman-months were studied. The first injection was given either within five days of the onset of the menstrual cycle or during the postpartum phase (330 women). The different factors that may influence cyclicity were analyzed. Among these factors, the following may be important: potency and dose of progestogen, addition of long-acting estrogen, pretreatment menstrual pattern, duration of therapy and body weight of users. The incidence of amenorrhea was higher in overweight than in underweight or normal subjects. The causal relationship can be explained by the storage of the absorbed progestogen in the adipose mass. PMID- 7373594 TI - Neonatal survival after traumatic fetal subdural hematoma. AB - A case is presented of neonatal survival after traumatic fetal subdural hematoma. An unusual fetal heart rate pattern was detected on antenatal monitoring and led to immediate termination of the pregnancy by cesarean section. The fetal heart rate pattern may be secondary to fetal cerebral dysfunction, and its early recognition may result in increased survival when trauma occurs in utero. PMID- 7373593 TI - Irradiation-induced constrictive pericarditis requiring pericardiectomy during pregnancy. AB - Constrictive pericarditis is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of pregnancy. This is a case report of irradiation-induced constrictive pericarditis requiring pericardiectomy during pregnancy. It is hoped that our team approach to this particular problem can serve as a model for the management of similar medical and surgical complications of pregnancy. PMID- 7373595 TI - Prental diagnosis and subsequent team approach to the management of omphalocele. AB - The diagnosis of omphalocele can now be made in the prenatal period with the use of ultrasound and the intraamniotic injection of radiopaque contrast material. By diagnosing omphalocele prior to birth a combined obstetric, neonatal and pediatric surgical approach can lead to a successful outcome of pregnancy and subsequent development of a normal infant. PMID- 7373596 TI - Oligohydramnion, meconium and perinatal death concurrent with indomethacin treatment in human pregnancy. AB - Three pregnancies in which indomethacin was given for several days to arrest premature delivery ended in oligohydramnion, meconium and perinatal death. These findings, together with previous information from animal experimentation and experience in humans reported on in the literature, show that indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, may interfere with the normal uteroplacental circulation, amniotic fluid production, renal functions and neonatal cardiopulmonary adaptation. The possible hazards of indomethacin treatment during the third trimester of pregnancy are discussed. PMID- 7373597 TI - Observations on the psychological impact of diethylstilbestrol exposure and suggestions on management. AB - The emotional impact of diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure is described in a series of 50 mothers and daughters interviewed by psychiatrists. Patterns of response to this trauma and methods of resolution are discussed, and opportunities for preventive intervention by gynecologists are suggested. Specific, open dialogue about DES with the patient as a colleage can minimize the emotional sequelae of the experience. PMID- 7373598 TI - Cesarean section: a contemporary assessment. AB - A one-year retrospective study of cesarean section (CS) at Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island is reported. There were 5,467 women delivered, including 1,011 who delivered by CS, yielding a total CS rate of 18.5% and a primary rate of 13.4%. The four leading indications for primary CS were: dystocia (38.8%), breech presentation (14.9%), malposition (11.9%) and fetal distress (11.3%). Sepsis was responsible for 75% of the complications. The incidence of low-birth weight infants was 14.2% for primary CS and 6.7% for repeat CS. The perinatal death rate was 21.2% per 1,000. The relationship of these findings to changing obstetric practice is discussed. PMID- 7373599 TI - Antimicrobial effect of chlorhexidine on bacteria of groin, perineum and vagina. AB - The antimicrobial effects of two chlorhexidine preparations, Hibiclens and Hibitane Tincture, were evaluated in 154 obstetric patients. Both agents produced bacterial kills of over 99% on skin bacteria of groin and perineum ten and 30 minutes after their application. Five minutes after vaginal cleansing with Hibiclens more than 99% of bacteria originally present were destroyed. Even though both preparations proved to be potent bactericidal agents, Hibitane Tincture cannot be recommended as a perigenital antiseptic since it causes vulvar irritation due to its high isopropanol content. With Hibiclens application to groin and perineal skin no side effects were observed. In one of 51 patients treated vaginally with Hibiclens a rather strong burning sensation occurred, without any aftereffect. Hibiclens seems to be a promising antiseptic for obstetric and gynecologic patients. PMID- 7373600 TI - Sinusoidal heart rate pattern and fetal distress secondary to severe anemia. AB - A case of sinusoidal fetal heart rate (FHR) pattern with fetal anemia is described. The etiology of the pattern appears to have been fetal anemia from an umbilical cord knot, abruptio placentae and fetal asphyxia. The poor neonatal outcome in our case and a review of the literature suggest that a sinusoidal pattern is an ominous sign demanding complete evaluation of fetal well-being and often prompt obstetric intervention. The use of scalp capillary hematocrit is suggested. PMID- 7373601 TI - Sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern with intrapartum fetal death. AB - A case of sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern with intrapartum fetal death is presented. This pattern has been observed infrequently during both the antepartum and intrapartum periods. Not all sinusoidal patterns may be ominous. A reasonable plan of management includes maternal position change, oxygen administration, scalp sampling and preparation for immediate delivery. PMID- 7373602 TI - Rupture of leiomyosarcoma uteri with hemoperitoneum clinically simulating ruptured ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 7373603 TI - Acute fatty metamorphosis of pregnancy. A maternal mortality and literature review. AB - Acute fatty metamorphosis of pregnancy is a rare but very serious pregnancy complication with an extremely high fetal (85%) and maternal (75%) mortality rate. The abrupt onset of severe and persistent vomiting near term is followed by jaundice within several days. Symptoms progress rapidly, with coagulopathies, deterioration of mental status and renal failure common. Often the patients appear to have preeclampsia. Treatment rests on meticulous attention to metabolic management. The 61st histologically documented case is presented and the clinical and laboratory features of the disease discussed. PMID- 7373604 TI - Endometrial estrogen and progesterone receptors in a uterus didelphys. AB - A 23-year-old woman with a uterus didelphys and a totally occluded left tube had a hysterectomy one year after having a child. Endometrial estrogen and progesterone receptors, both cytoplasmic and nuclear, were determined in five longitudinal sections of each horn. The amount and distribution of these receptors were normal, but the receptor content of the right horn was higher than that of the left. PMID- 7373605 TI - In vitro effects of ascorbate on white cell metabolism and the chemiluminescence response. PMID- 7373606 TI - Identification of two different types of mouse peritoneal exudate cells with ring shaped nuclei. PMID- 7373607 TI - The role of prostaglandins in the development of macrophages from bone marrow cells. PMID- 7373609 TI - Characterization of murine lung and peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7373608 TI - Mononuclear phagocytes within the lungs of unstimulated parabiotic rats. PMID- 7373611 TI - A scanning electron microscopic study of the perifollicular region of the rat spleen. PMID- 7373610 TI - Increased phagocytosis of sheep red cells by macrophages from New Zealand mice. PMID- 7373613 TI - Effects of F-met-leu-phe and zymosan-activated serum on rat neutrophils in vivo. PMID- 7373612 TI - Cold insoluble globulin-enhanced phagocytosis of gelatinized targets by macrophage monolayers: a model system. PMID- 7373614 TI - Level of activation determines whether inflammatory peritoneal and intratumoral macrophages will promote or suppress in vitro development of cytolytic T lymphocyte activity. PMID- 7373615 TI - Collagen accumulation by dermal fibroblast cultures of patients with linear localized scleroderma. AB - Two patients with linear localized scleroderma are reported. Punch biopsies from involved and contralateral site-matched uninvolved dermis of each patient were explained for the purpose of studying connective tissue accumulation in fibroblast monolayer culture. Monolayer cultures from involved tissue accumulated more collagen and glycosaminoglycan than cultures from uninvolved tissue for both patients. Augmented accumulation of collagen persisted for at least 11 subpassages. Involved monolayers acquired a strikingly different macroscopic appearance in confluent cultures. PMID- 7373618 TI - Jaccoud's syndrome. A nosographic entity associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Six Scandinavian cases of Jaccoud's syndrome, resulting from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are described; 1 patient suffered from both SLE and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Clinically, the patients showed hand deformities similar to those of RA with pronounced ulnar deviation and swan-neck configuration. Clinically, however, the hands in cases of Jaccoud's syndrome differ from those in RA because the deformities develop more slowly, without much pain, and hand function is well-preserved. Radiologically, subluxation develops in the metacarpophalangeal joints without the typical rheumatoid joint-associated osseous destruction. The presence of erosions and hooks are exceptional and, if present, they are not typical of RA. It is important that Jaccoud's syndrome be recognized and differentiated from RA because an incorrect diagnosis could lead to a choice of therapy inappropriate for patients with SLE. PMID- 7373617 TI - Analysis of treatment terminations with gold and antimalarial compounds in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Life table analysis was used to determine the incidence of treatment termination in rheumatoid arthritis patients after initial therapeutic courses of gold (93) and antimalarial compounds (101). Patients treated with antimalarial compounds tended to terminate treatment sooner than those receiving gold. The most common reasons for discontinuing antimalarial therapy were lack of initial benefit and loss of response to the drug. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients at onset of therapy did not influence failure rates to a great extent. PMID- 7373616 TI - Clinical significance of synovial fluid total hemolytic complement activity. AB - Total hemolytic complement (CH50) was measured in 174 synovial fluids (SF) to determine its diagnostic and and prognostic value. SF CH50 was reduced relative to serum CH50 in 61% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 60% of patients with crystal-induced arthritis. There was no correlation of SF CH50 levels with disease duration, SF leukocyte count, presence of IgM rheumatoid factor, or radiologic evidence of erosions. PMID- 7373619 TI - Hemopneumothorax in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Neither hemothorax nor pneumothorax are well recognized manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Two patients with SLE who developed hemopneumothorax during the course of their illness are described. The clinical, laboratory, roentgenographic, and pathological findings are presented. Both patients were treated with chest tube suction, but 1 required surgical decortication of fibrinous pleural adhesions. PMID- 7373620 TI - Pulmonary dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus:prevalence classification and correlation with other organ involvement. AB - Forty-three patients known to have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) underwent pulmonary function evaluation. Pulmonary dysfunction was noted in 38 patients (88%). The most common abnormality was an impairment in diffusing capacity, present in 31 patients (72%), while reduction in lung volumes was present in 21 patients (49%), hypoxia in 19 patients (44%), and airways obstruction in 4 patients (9%). When compared to pulmonary symptoms and signs and chest roentgenogram, the pulmonary function tests were the most sensitive means of uncovering pulmonary involvement in SLE. No correlation was found in either the classification or severity of the pulmonary function abnormality when compared with other measures of lupus activity, such as serology, immune complexes in skin biopsy, and renal biopsy. PMID- 7373622 TI - Relapsing eosinophilic perimyositis. AB - Two patients with a syndrome of relapsing myalgia are described. In both cases nonspecific inflammatory features were present and electromyography disclosed a myositic pattern in one. Muscle biopsy in both patients showed a perimysial infiltrate of eosinophils although peripheral eosinophilia was only noted in one patient. In each, relapse occurred after a recovery phase, but eventually recovery was complete, spontaneously in one, and after therapy in the other. The known causes of eosinophilic myositis are reviewed, with emphasis on a companion with the myositis of eosinophilic fascitis (Shulman's syndrome). Because our cases exhibited distinctive features, this new syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any eosinophilic myositis. PMID- 7373621 TI - Hyposplenia in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - During the course of systemic lupus erythematosus in a young female patient the peripheral blood smear incidentally showed the features of hyposplenism. Silent lupus vasculitis with splenic infarction was suspected as the cause of this. PMID- 7373623 TI - The combined use of HLA-B5 and the pathergy test as diagnostic markers of Behcet's disease in Turkey. AB - Forty-one of 49 (84%) patients with Behcet's disease in Turkey carried HLA-B5 (positive B5). Forty of the same 49 (82%) patients had a nonspecific skin hyperreactivity to needle prick (positive pathergy). There were no patients in whom both of these tests were negative. PMID- 7373624 TI - Psoriatic arthropathy and crystal-induced synovitis. AB - We demonstrated the simultaneous occurrence of psoriatic arthropathy and the 2 major types of crystalline arthritis--pseudogout and gout. The crystals found within aspirated synovial fluid and exudative leukocytes were unequivocally identified using the compensating polarizing microscope as calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate in one case and sodium monourate in the other. The surface topography of the intracellular sodium monourate crystals were also displayed. PMID- 7373625 TI - Cell-mediated immune responses in patients with recurrent arthritis following rubella immunization. AB - Six young adult women with recurrent rubella arthritis after HPV-77 DE/5 rubella immunization were studied. Lymphocyte responses to rubella and mumps antigens, and phytohemogglutinin and pokeweed mitogens, were measured in these patients and in 20 immunized hospital employees who did not develop arthritis. All 6 arthritic subjects had pre-immunization hemagglutination inhibition titers of less than 1:8 and their lymphocyte responses to rubella antigen were significantly elevated when compared with those members of the control group with a similar pre immunization titer of less than 1:8. No significant differences between the 2 groups were found in the other lymphocyte responses. PMID- 7373626 TI - Chikungunya viral arthropathy: a clinical description. AB - Previous reports have indicated that infection with chikungunya virus produces an acute arthritis in human hosts. This paper reports for the first time a clinical description of the acute and chronic phases of the arthritis occurring in 20 patients who contracted chikungunya fever. In all cases the acute arthritis was severe and incapacitating and, in most of these patients, joint pains, stiffness and swelling persisted for at least 4 months (in 2 cases for 16 months). Acute phase reactants and serum complement levels were compatible with an infective response during the acute phase of the disease, but some abnormalities in these laboratory parameters were still evident several months later. PMID- 7373627 TI - Joint imaging in regional migratory osteoporosis. AB - We describe 4 patients (3 males aged 54-59, 1 female aged 25) with regional migratory osteoporosis (RMO). All patients had at least 2 episodes of periarticular osteoporosis. The interval between attacks ranged from 5 months to 11 yr and attacks lasted from 3 months to 2 yr. In 2 cases septic arthritis was initially suspected. The ankle joints were affected in 3 patients, hips in 2 and knees in 2. An unusual feature in 2 patients was involvement of the small joints of the foot demonstrated by 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) joint imaging. Joint imaging corroborated the clinical diagnosis in 2 patients before regional osteoporosis was visible radiologically. As there are no specific laboratory features of RMO, joint imaging may be helpful in the diagnosis of suspected cases before the development of radiographic stigmata. PMID- 7373628 TI - Benign joint effusion associated with glucocorticosteroid therapy. AB - A patient with an unusual arthropathy characterized by joint fluid that was absolutely colorless with an unusually low protein content is described. High dose glucocorticosteroids were etiologically implicated. PMID- 7373629 TI - Intraarticular fragmentation of a new Parker-Pearson synovial biopsy needle. AB - An attempt to obtain a synovial biopsy with a previously unused Parker-Pearson needle resulted in intraarticular fragmentation of the tip of the biopsy needle. Since gross inspection of the needle carried out before the procedure did not show any abnormalities, we believe that the manufacturer's material might be defective and that the inner part of this instrument must be made stronger to avoid this complication. PMID- 7373630 TI - Some effects on house officers of an elective rheumatology rotation. AB - To ascertain whether a rheumatology elective (RE) increases the skills of house officers (HOs) managing patients with rheumatic disease, and whether these skills persist after the RE, medical records of 164 gouty patients, seen by 16 HOs who had had an RE and 73 who had not, were audited. The RE led to more complete documentation of history and physical examination and possibly to more frequent use of diagnostic arthrocentesis. Over the 30-month period of the study, no increase in scores of HOs not having a RE was apparent, while some deterioration, related to the interval between the RE and audit, was seen in scores of those who had an RE. PMID- 7373632 TI - Sacroiliac scintiscanning. PMID- 7373631 TI - Manubrio-sternal joint subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7373633 TI - The cricoarytenoid and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7373634 TI - Chrysotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7373635 TI - Chrysotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis continued. PMID- 7373636 TI - Case-control commentary. PMID- 7373637 TI - The ethical force of definitions. PMID- 7373638 TI - The role of the doctor: technician or statesman? PMID- 7373639 TI - Special features of general practice (primary care) and ethical implications. AB - In all systems of health care there are certain essential levels of care and service. These take the form of self-care within the family unit; primary professional care by general medical nursing or social practitioners within a local neighbourhood; general specialist care in a district and super-specialist care in a region. Each of these has its own special roles and responsibilities and each is considered in this paper. PMID- 7373640 TI - Philosophy and teaching medical ethics. PMID- 7373641 TI - Torture and philosophy. PMID- 7373642 TI - Ethics, morals and moral philosophy. PMID- 7373643 TI - A volunteer by family choice. PMID- 7373644 TI - Self-help in health care. PMID- 7373645 TI - Functional heterogeneity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum within sarcomeres of skinned muscle fibers. AB - Precipitation of Ca oxalate in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of chemically skinned rabbit psoas fibers caused an increase in light scattering which was proportional to the amount of Ca accumulated per unit fiber volume. The increase in scattering was used to measure net accumulation rates and steady-state Ca capacities of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in single fibers. The data obtained were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those reported for isolated vesicle preparations. Under conditions in which Ca was not depleted from the medium, Ca accumulation was linear with time over much of its course. Steady-state capacities were independent of the Ca concentration; uptake rates were half-maximal at 0.5 microM Ca++ and saturated above about 1.0 microM. Both rate and capacity varied with the oxalate concentration, being maximal at oxalate concentrations greater than or equal to mM and decreasing in proportion to one another at lower concentrations, with a threshold near 0.25 mM. At the lower loads, electron micrographs showed many sarcoplasmic reticulum elements empty of precipitate alongside others that were full, whereas virtually all were filled in maximally loaded fibers. These data indicate that the Ca oxalate capacity of each fiber varies with the number and volume of elements in which Ca oxalate crystals can form at a given oxalate concentration, and that individual regions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum within each sarcomere differ in their ability to support Ca oxalate precipitation. Our working hypothesis is that this range in ability to form Ca oxalate crystals involves differences in ability to accumulate and retain ionized Ca inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7373648 TI - The structure of human carbonmonoxy haemoglobin at 2.7 A resolution. PMID- 7373649 TI - Regulation of oxygen affinity of mammalian haemoglobins. PMID- 7373646 TI - Occluding junctions in a cultured transporting epithelium: structural and functional heterogeneity. AB - MDCK cells (epithelioid of renal origin) form monolayers which are structurally and functionally similar to transporting epithelia. One of these similarities is the ability to form occluding junctions and act as permeability barriers. This article studies the junctions of MDCK monolayers formed on a permeable and transparent support (a disk of nylon cloth coated with collagen) by combining two different approaches: (i) Scanning of the electric field: the disk is mounted as a flat sheet between two Lucite chambers and pulses of 20--50 microA cm-2 are passed across. The apical surface of the monolayer is then scanned with a microelectrode to detect those points where the current is flowing. This shows that the occluding junctions of this preparation are not homogeneous, but contain long segments of high resistance, intercalated with sites of high conductance. (ii) Freeze fracture electron microscopy: the junctions are composed of regions of eight to ten strands intercalated with others where the strands are reduced to one or two ridges. The sites of high conductance may correspond to those segments where the number of junctional strands is reduced to 1 or 2. It is concluded that the occluding junctions of MDCK monolayers are functionally and morphologically heterogeneous, with "tight" regions intermixed with "leaky" ones. PMID- 7373647 TI - Decoupling of heart muscle cells: correlation with increased cytoplasmic calcium activity and with changes of nexus ultrastructure. PMID- 7373650 TI - Ultrastructure studies on the binding of creatine kinase and the 165,000 molecular weight component to the M-band of muscle. PMID- 7373651 TI - How different amino acid sequences determine similar protein structures: the structure and evolutionary dynamics of the globins. PMID- 7373652 TI - Quaternary structures and low frequency molecular vibrations of haems of deoxy and oxyhaemoglobin studied by resonance raman scattering. PMID- 7373653 TI - Rate of DNA replication fork movement within a single mammalian cell. PMID- 7373654 TI - A physico-chemical study of heparin. Evidence for a calcium-induced co-operative conformational transition. PMID- 7373655 TI - The secretory response in dissociated acini from the rat submandibular gland. AB - Rat submandibular gland was dissociated by enzymatic digestion with collagenase and hyaluronidase, followed by mild mechanical shearing and filtration through a nylon mesh. The dissociated cell populations contained predominantly groups of acinar cells which maintained their acinar arrangement. The morphological and functional viability of the cells was confirmed by electron microscopic examination and a normal secretory response to beta-adrenergic or cholinergic stimulation was observed. Both isoproterenol (IPR) and carbachol caused the fusion of secretory granules into large vacuoles which were also continuous with the lumen, and into which the secretory product was released. Secretion was assessed quantitatively from the incorporation of 14C-glucosamine into the acinar cells and its subsequent release into the culture medium as labelled glycoprotein. IPR stimulated secretion to 125% of untreated controls in the concentration range t x 10(-5) to 5x 10(-7) M and to 110% of controls at 5 x 10( 8) M, after 40 min incubation. Carbachol stimulated secretion to 131% of controls at 5 x 10(-5) M and to 115% at 5 x 10(-6) M but had no effect at 5 x 10(-7) or 5 x 10(-8) M. The secretory response was blocked by the respective beta-adrenergic and cholinergic antagonists, propranolol and atropine. These findings show that dissociated rat submandibular acinar cells provide a useful in vitro model for the study of mucus synthesis and secretion. PMID- 7373656 TI - Quantitative assay of electromyograms during mastication in domestic cats (Felis catus). AB - Mastication has been studied by cinematography with synchronized electromyography (computer quantified and analyzed), while unanesthetized, freely feeding cats (Felis catus) were reducing equivalent-sized chunks of raw and cookded beef and cooked chicken. Cats reduce food on one side at a time, and their chewing cycles show horizontal and anteroposterior deflections. Food objects are shifted from side to side by lateral jerks of the head and movements of the tongue. During the opening phase, the lower jaw is rotated relatively straight downward, and the digastric muscles are active in bilateral symmetry. Near the end of opening, the head jerks upward, both zygomaticomandibulares start to fire, and opening acceleration of the mandible decreases. Closing starts with horizontal displacement of the mandibular canines toward the working side, accompanied by asymmetrical activities from the working side deep temporalis and the balancing side medial pterygoid, as well as a downward jerk of the head. As closing proceeds the mandibular canines remain near the working side and the working side zygomaticomandibularis and deep masseter are very active. Near the end of closing, the mandibular canine on the working side moves toward the midline, and adductors, digastrics, and lateral pterygoids of both sides are active. The adductors of the working side are generally more active than those of the balancing side. During a reduction sequence, the number and shape of the masticatory cycles, as well as movements of the head, during a reduction sequence are affected significantly by food type. As reduction proceeds, the duration of bite and the muscular activity (as characterized by number and amplitude of spikes) change significantly among muscles of the working and balancing sides. The adductors of the working side are generally most active when cats chew raw beef, less for cooked beef, and least for cooked chicken. In general, the adductor activity reflect food consistency, whereas that of the digastrics and lateral pterygoids reflects more the vertical and lateral displacements of the mandible. Statistical analysis documents that the methods of electrode insertion and test give repeatable results for particular sites in different animals. Thus, it should be possible to compare these results with those produced while other mammals are masticating. PMID- 7373657 TI - Combined effects of glucose and hypoxia on cardiac automaticity and conduction. PMID- 7373658 TI - The prevention of teenage pregnancy--the only answer. PMID- 7373659 TI - Fatal myocardial infarction in a state geriatric mental facility. AB - Geriatric patients committed to mental institutions often die from infections, neoplasia, drug-related disorders, or cardiopulmonary failure. Myocardial infarction is not usually implicated as the cause of death in these patients. In comparison, infarct-related deaths are quite common in normal patients of comparable age. This observation may, in part, be due to the fact that physicians treating psychiatric patients may become preoccupied with the patients' mental state, and pay less attention, inadvertently, to other medical disorders. Also, ischemic heart disease may present in an atypical manner in such patients, thus masking detection by the physician. Careful evaluation and observation of these patients for evidence of ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction are essential to their care, because early detection of such disorder and prompt therapy may save the patient's life. PMID- 7373661 TI - Acute renal failure in battered child syndrome. AB - Battered child syndrome, a not uncommon problem, may involve deep structures including the liver, spleen, and brain. While involvement of kidneys is extremely rare, such an association is illustrated by the following case which presented with azotemia and hypertension. Management should depend on the degree of renal failure and hypertension as well as the extent of any electrolyte imbalance. PMID- 7373662 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava: an unusual tumor. Case report and review of literature. AB - A case of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is reported. Only 48 cases have been previously reported in the world literature. Pre-operative management is discussed with reference to diagnostic consideration. The case strengthens the concept of operative intervention in asymptomatic abdominal masses with minimal pre-operative workup and delay. PMID- 7373663 TI - The non-emergency in the emergency room. AB - During designated sampling periods, all patients presenting at an urban hospital Emergency Room with complaints meeting nonurgent criteria were interviewed in an effort to examine patterns of Emergency Room usage and to characterize those patients utilizing the Emergency Room inappropriately. Each such patient's stated number of visits to an Emergency Room during the previous year, including the present visit, was used as an indicator in assessing inappropriate Emergency Room use. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences when the variable was race; in contrast, significant differences were seen when the variables were type of medical insurance coverage and personal physician status. Based on these data, we suggest that the true problem is not one of how to control inappropriate Emergency Room use, but rather one of how to improve the health care delivery system for the urban poor. PMID- 7373664 TI - Gastric malingnancies: a clinicopathological analysis. AB - The incidence of gastric cancer continues to decline in the United States regardless of individual color, ethnic background, or socioeconomic level.(1,2) This significant medical happening has become unequivocally evident during the past 20 years and the reasons are primarily conjectural. Nutritional aspects are highly important in the diminishing prevalence of gastric cancer.(3) PMID- 7373660 TI - Obstructing gastric carcinoma complicating pregnancy. AB - Although gastric cancer has not been reported in association with pregnancy, the authors encountered it in a paraplegic young pregnant woman presenting with gastric outlet obstruction.Fiberoptic gastroscopy and biopsy provided the surprising tissue diagnosis. Ultrasound was helpful in assessing the size and position of the fetus. Intravenous fluid therapy and total parenteral nutrition enabled the authors to correct the negative nitrogen balance and metabolic derangement, and to improve the operative risk to both the mother and the fetus.Cesarean section delivered a viable baby. A high gastrectomy relieved the patient of her obstruction and tumor burden. Although the long-term prognosis of gastric cancer remains grim, having saved the mother and the baby through such an ordeal is a rewarding experience. PMID- 7373665 TI - Why women seek reversal of sterilization. PMID- 7373666 TI - Acute respiratory failure and hypothyroidism. AB - A 64-year-old woman presented in severe respiratory failure along with congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive lung disease, and hypothyroidism. Any of the latter may lead to acute respiratory failure, and all may have played a role in the patient reported here. PMID- 7373667 TI - Metastatic carcinoma of the penis. AB - Metastatic carcinoma of the penis is distinctly uncommon and in 80 percent of cases is associated with primary malignancy of the pelvic organs with widespread metastases. Pain and priapism are the most common symptoms at the time of the diagnosis. Both cases presented in this paper responded well to local irradiation, subjectively as well as objectively. PMID- 7373668 TI - Hope: a panacea unrecognized. AB - This paper identifies stress as a common and constant irritation to human homeostasis, evaluates the role of hope in the maintenance of health, and recommends a method of anticipatory care for securing optimum health for mankind. PMID- 7373669 TI - Surgery and malpractice. AB - The malpractice problem affects medical practice throughout this country. The problem may be partially alleviated by physicians devoting more time and effort to health care delivery, medical education, research, and medical administration. This paper discusses the history of the present malpractice problem, analyzes its causes, and offers solutions. PMID- 7373670 TI - The doctor speaks. PMID- 7373671 TI - Policies, problems, and paradoxes. PMID- 7373672 TI - Impaired pulmonary function after albumin resuscitation from shock. PMID- 7373673 TI - Mechanism of death in massive fluid infusion. AB - To determine the effects of infusion of large volumes of crystalloid, a series of dogs was subjected to intravenous injection of oleic acid and moderate hypovolemic shock for 1 hour. They were then resuscitated with 50 cc/kg of Ringer's lactate over 1 hour in one group and 2 hours in the other. Eight of nine receiving the fast infusion died during the first 2 days, and seven of eight receiving the slow infusion lived for the full 3 days of the study. The dogs that died all had large intrapulmonary shunts and gross pulmonary edema at autopsy. Both groups received the same total amount of fluid. No differences in vascular pressure or cardiac function large enough to explain the differences were found. The critical difference was the rate of fluid infusion. The high-permeability pulmonary edema appears to have been aggravated by a transitent pulmonary overperfusion induced by fast infusion of fluid. PMID- 7373674 TI - Tension pneumocephalus following surgery for subdural hematoma. AB - Five examples of subdural air under tension after surgical evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma are presented. This complication can account for lack of improvement of worsening. The diagnosis is easily made with skull X-rays or computed tomography. A simple treatment using a percutaneous catheter connected to negative pressure is suggested. PMID- 7373675 TI - Cimetidine prevents gastrointestinal edema associated with stress. AB - Previous studies in stressed animals have shown a subjective decrease in shock related gastric submucosal edema formation associated with the administration of H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine. The object of this study was to quantify the difference as well as to examine indices which could lead to an understanding of H2-receptor control. Fasted, stressed rats pretreated with cimetidine had significantly less edema formation than the control rats in all areas of the gastrointestinal tract, with the greatest difference seen in the stomach. Addition of intragastric hydrochloric acid did not alter cimetidine's edema lowering capacity in the stomach. Analysis of multiple serum samples consistently showed that a stress-related decrease in vascular volume occurred, as evidenced by significant increases in hematocrit and BUN. Although cimetidine was not associated with changes in vascular volume, there was a significant (10%) increase in serum albumin in both stressed and nonstressed animals that received the drug. These data suggest an additional mechanism by which cimetidine may protect against gastric mucosal injury. PMID- 7373676 TI - Water metabolism and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) response following thermal injury. AB - ADH has been implicated in the development of a positive water balance in thermal injury. However, the association of plasma ADH levels to the hemodynamic response and water and electrolyte balance of early thermal injury has not been defined. Plasma ADH was measured by radioimmunoassay in 13 patients with greater than 15% body surface area burns. In three patients frequent hemodynamic measurements were also made. Large individual variations of ADH were noted, but in general the ADH levels peaked early in the postburn period and declined thereafter. The highest mean ADH value was on day 2 (53.8 = 27 pg/ml); the lowest value on day 7 (13.4 +/ 8 pg/ml). Urine electrolytes demonstrated wide variation (Na+, 2 to 236 mEq/L; K+, 2 to 228 mEq/L) as did serum (261--331 mOsm/kg) and urine (557--785 mOsm/kg) osmolalities. No correlation was noted between ADH levels and osmolalities or hemodynamic variables. These data suggest that ADH response following burns is a stress response producing levels beyond the physiologic range for an antidiuretic effect and that the osmolar, hypovolemic, and hypotensive feedback loops are not involved: ADH seems to act as a vasoconstrictor and to have no significant effect on quality or quantity of urine. We conclude that the positive water balance following burns is not ADH mediated. PMID- 7373677 TI - Omental transposition as an aid in genitourinary reconstructive procedures. AB - Mobilization of an intact omental pedicle graft for supportive use has been carried out in a variety of genitourinary reconstructive procedures. Mobilzation is accomplished by detachment of the omentum from the transverse colon and by separation from the greater curvature of the stomach. The right gastroepiploic artery is generally preserved as the blood supply to the omental pedicle. Further pedicle lengthening can be achieved as necessary by selective division of the omentum, based on the arterial anatomy. The rich vascular and lymphatic supply of the omentum and its attendant potential to contribute to healing, even in the presence of infection, while maintaining its suppleness and allowing epithelization to occur over its surface, makes the omental pedicle graft an extremely useful adjunct in the following difficult situations: complicated vesicovaginal, prostatorectal, and rectovaginal fistulas; reconstruction of the bladder neck and bulbo-membranous urethral areas; extensive injury to the bladder; and a variety of renal and ureteral reconstructive procedures. PMID- 7373678 TI - The evolution of abdominal stab wound management. AB - The results of the selective management of 300 abdominal stab wound victims have been reviewed for a 5-year period. Initially the need for laparotomy was evaluated by sinography, later physical examination, and most recently by local wound exploration combined with peritoneal lavage. The use of sinography resulted in an unnecessary laparotomy rate of 38%. Exploration based upon physical findings eventuated in 36% unnecessary laparotomies, of which 79% were negative, 17% morbidity, and no mortality. Local wound exploration followed by peritoneal lavage when peritoneal violation was suspected resulted in 8% unnecessary laparotomies of which half were negative, 9% morbidity, and no mortality. Based on this experience we have adopted the following approach to abdominal stab wounds. Patients with unexplained blood loss or overt signs of visceral injury undergo prompt exploration. In all other cass with intact peritoneum are discharged from the Emergency Department. If peritoneal violation is evident peri toneal lavage is performed. If the lavage is positive laparotomy is undertaken, and if negative the patient is hospitalized for an additional 24 hours of observation. PMID- 7373679 TI - Unstable fracture-dislocations of the thoracolumbar spine: results of surgical treatment. AB - In a review of 22 patients with unstable fractures or fracture-dislocations of the thoracolumbar spine, treated by Harrington rod instrumentation and spinal arthrodesis, all arthrodeses became solid. All patients with incomplete neurologic lesions regained some function. No patient was made neurologically worse by the procedure. Solid arthrodesis was achieved whether laminectomy was performed or not. Harrington rods offer a method of reduction of compression fractures, offer partial stability to the spine, and serve as an adjunct to spine arthrodesis. PMID- 7373681 TI - Evaluation and management of subtalar dislocations. AB - Twenty subtalar dislocations were reviewed in patients seen at the hospital complex of the University of Pennsylvania, 1950--1979. All patients were available for followup examination and roentgenographic review. These were 15 males and five females in the study. Length of followup ranged from 6 months to 23 years, mean, 4.2 years. Medial dislocation was most frequent, occurring in 17 out of 20. All three with lateral dislocations had associated fractures. All of the dislocations were closed injuries and only one patient required open reduction. Immobilization was maintained in a below-knee weight bearing cast for 6 weeks post-reudction. Of the patients, 80% demonstrated significant restriction of motion and 30% had roentgenographic evidence of arthritis. Few were symptomatic. Fourteen had excellent results, two good, two fair, and two poor. In general, a satisfactory result is to be expected with closed reduction following parenteral medication. PMID- 7373680 TI - The management of the flail upper extremity in brachial plexus injuries. AB - Twenty-three patients with total complete brachial plexus injuries were reviewed an average of 5.5 years from the time of injury. Three different treatment approaches were used; no surgery (four), above-elbow amputation alone (14), and shoulder arthrodesis combined with above-elbow amputation (five). Return to gainful employment and prosthetic wearing habits were best achieved with early (within the first year) above-elbow amputation alone. There seemed little to recommend arthrodesis of the shoulder combined with above elbow amputation. PMID- 7373685 TI - Rigid fixation in diastasis of symphysis pubis. AB - Two cases of Peltier's Type II C fracture of the pelvis without any internal organ involvement are presented. Lack of hemodynamic or respiratory complications and failure of conservative treatment enabled open reduction and internal fixation. The resultant rigid fixation allowed an early mobilization and contributed to the rapid recovery of these aged patients. PMID- 7373684 TI - Fatal iron intoxication in an adult. AB - An 18-year-old male accidentally fell into a vat of saturated ferrous chloride in a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid. He aspirated the iron solution to his lungs, ingested it into his stomach, and absorbed it through the burned skin. His clinical course paralleled acute iron intoxication with GI bleeding, acidosis, and transient improvement before his demise. In addition, he developed a severe disseminated intravascular coagulopathy which was temporarily ameliorated with heparin and clotting factors. PMID- 7373682 TI - A practical guide to the initial evaluation and treatment of knee ligament injuries. PMID- 7373683 TI - A clinical evaluation of osteomedullography in diaphyseal fractures. AB - Twenty-seven cases with delayed union and nonunion were selected for the present study. Osteomedullograms were positive in 12 and negative in 15 cases. All the fractures with positive osteomedullograms united after conservative treatment. Fourteen of 15 fractures with negative osteomedullograms needed surgical treatment. Of 14, two are still in followup. One case with negative signs on osteomdeullogram refused surgery. PMID- 7373686 TI - A complex Lisfranc fracture-dislocation. AB - A case of a complex type of Lisfranc fracture/dislocation is presented. This variant is peculiar in that there is a diastasis between the medial and middle cuneiforms with interposed anterior tibialis tendon. This anatomic situation necessitates an open reduction and internal fixation. PMID- 7373687 TI - An unusual fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal bone. AB - An unusual fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal bone is described. The type of fracture and the displacement of the proximal fragment was unlike that of most other fractures of this region of the foot. It requires open reduction and internal fixation which was successfully carried out by means of tension wires. PMID- 7373688 TI - Ear surgery today. PMID- 7373689 TI - Surgical treatment of vertigo. AB - Endolymphatic saccotomy, vestibular neurectomy via middle fossa, labrinthectomy and translabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy have been used by the authors in 54 patients with episodic vertigo, chiefly from Meniere's disease. Over a mean follow-up period of 15 months hearing retention and vertigo control were of the same general order as in the reports of other surgeons. Our current ideas on indications for the different surgical procedures are discussed. PMID- 7373690 TI - Occasional stapedectomy--is there a place for it? AB - A few thoughts of a surgeon who does occasional stapedectomies are presented. A review of 10 years of occasional stapedectomies is reported on a total of 104 cases. A detailed statistical analysis is not attempted. Comparison of several stapedectomy techniques is made to show the evolution of the author's present technique. PMID- 7373691 TI - Newer perspectives on the pathology of chronic otitis media. AB - The application of newer research techniques had led to re-evaluation of the pathology and pathogenesis of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). The infectious-inflammatory process with CSOM and with cholesteatoma is emerging as the major factor responsible for both soft tissue scarring and bone destruction. There is no evidence that pressure plays a role in cholesteatomatous bone resportion. Experimental and clinical evidence favors immigration of external canal skin as the most important mode of cholesteatoma formation. The evidence for attic retraction cholesteatoma is suggestive but less conclusive. PMID- 7373693 TI - Otogenic intracranial complications. AB - The ear has been recognized as a source of intracranial infection at least since the time of Hippocrates. Not much progress was achieved in the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial sepsis until the latter part of the 19th century when surgeons such as McEwan began a direct surgical attack on brain abscesses. While the advent of the antibiotics in the 1940's and 1950's made a significant reduction in the mortality of meningitis, the surgical treatment of brain abscess has not altered much since then. Newer diagnostic methods such as the CTT scan should help to reduce mortality rates which even recently have varied from 7-40 per cent for brain abscesses. PMID- 7373692 TI - [Ear banks--difficulties and results]. AB - The author presents the various difficulties in the formation of a bank of tympano-ossicular homografts. The difficulties are in the laws, the costs, and the technique. The question is : Are the difficulties greater than the results? After four years, the results obtained at the Hotel Dieu in Quebec City seem to prove that if the indications remain restricted, we should keep on the efforts to form private banks. The global results for 90 cases are 77 per cent of tympanic integrity and 58 per cent with less than 20 dB of air-bone gap. PMID- 7373694 TI - Postfertilization development in the red alga Polysiphonia. 1. Proliferation of the carposporophyte. PMID- 7373695 TI - The structure of sperm from the lobster, Homarus americanus. PMID- 7373696 TI - An ultrastructural study of plant cell (Allium porrum) centromeres. PMID- 7373697 TI - Marginal bands in blood cells of invertebrates. PMID- 7373700 TI - Microtubular doublets in a gall midge (Insecta, Diptera) and evidence for their assembly. PMID- 7373698 TI - Differentiation and secretion in Volvox. PMID- 7373699 TI - Ultrastructural changes and transmitter release induced by depolarization of cholinergic synaptosomes. A freeze-fracture study of a synaptosomal fraction from torpedo electric organ. PMID- 7373701 TI - Intranuclear crystalloids in leaves and styles of Linaria vulgaris Mill. PMID- 7373703 TI - Freeze-fracture study of pulmonary lamellar body membranes in solid crystal phase. PMID- 7373702 TI - Nomenclature of frozen-etched bacterial envelopes. PMID- 7373704 TI - Lipid droplet secretion by the rabbit harderian gland. PMID- 7373705 TI - Fine structural aspects of the developing compound eye of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. PMID- 7373706 TI - Extra RNAs of von Magnus particles of influenza virus cause reduction of particular polymerase genes. AB - Extra RNAs, or RNA species other than eight gene segments, in von Magnus particles of the influenza virus WSN strain were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and oligonucleotide mapping. From the original virus stock, various cloned stocks were obtained, each giving rise to a characteristic set of extra RNAs. One cloned virus stock contained a large number of von Magnus particles. The RNA pattern was characterized by two prominent extra RNAs (X1 and X2) and a decrease in the content of two polymerase genes, P1 and P2. Segregation of the two extra RNAs was carried out by coinfection of cells with a von Magnus particle and infectious virions. The results showed that the presence of one of the extra RNAs (X2) was associated with a reduction in the amount of the P1 gene and that the presence of the other extra RNA (X1) was associated with a reduction in the amount of the P2 gene. Oligonucleotide mapping showed that both extra RNAs, X1 and X2, were derived from the P1 gene. The results suggested that an extra RNA did not necessarily cause the reduction of the progenitor polymerase gene, but might cause the reduction of another polymerase gene. PMID- 7373707 TI - Evidence for direct involvement of T7 RNA polymerase bacteriophage DNA replication. AB - Experiments in a number of different systems have suggested that the initiation of DNA replication is often dependent upon transcription at the origin of replication. During infection with bacteriophage T7, the T7 genome is transcribed first by the bacterial RNA polymerase and then by a phage-coded enzyme, the product of gene 1. The bacterial enzyme does not appear to be directly involved in the initiation of replication as phage DNA synthesis is not inhibited by rifampin. For testing whether the T7 RNA polymerase plays a role in replication, a T7 gene 1 temperature-sensitive mutant was used, and the RNA polymerase was inactivated at intervals after infection by rapidly raising the temperature of the culture. The experiments indicated that the inactivation of the T7 RNA polymerase caused the cessation of phage DNA synthesis, even at later times during infection when the inhibition of protein synthesis with chloramphenicol had no effect on DNA replication. This suggests that in addition to its role in gene expression, the T7 RNA polymerase plays a direct role in T7 DNA replication. PMID- 7373708 TI - Does the major histocompatibility complex serve as a specific receptor for Semliki Forest virus? AB - Murine F9 and PCC4 teratoma cells do not express H-2 major transplantation antigens according to virus-specific T-lymphocyte cytotoxic or serological assays. However, such cells can be infected with and readily replicate many types of viruses (coxsackie B 3, mouse hepatitis, Sindbis, Semliki Forest [SFV], lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Pichinde, vesicular stomatitis, herpes simplex type 1) to the same extent as do murine F12 teratoma cells and mouse embryo fibroblasts, all of which express the H-2 determinants. In contrast, F9 and PCC4 cells are not productively infected with murine cytomegalovirus, whereas F12 and mouse embryo fibroblast cells are. In addition to replicating in H-2-negative murine teratoma cells, SFV replicates in H-2-negative murine lymphoblastoid cells. The ability of SFV to infect cells without H-2 antigens and then to effect viral antigenic expression in the cells' cytoplasm and on their surface with similar kinetics and in equivalent amounts as cells with H-2 antigens indicates that the H-2 receptor is not needed for SFV infection. Daudi cells, which lack HLA antigens, block the replication of SFV. This occurs at some point after receptor binding, as demonstrated by diminished viral mRNA. In addition, a possible membrane defect precludes viral exit in Daudi cells transfected with SFV infectious RNA. These results indicate that a cell's possession of H-2 antigens is not a requirement for SFV infection and that major histocompatibility complex antigens are not specific receptors for this virus. PMID- 7373709 TI - Protein organization in Newcastle disease virus as revealed by perturbant treatment. AB - Treatment of Newcastle disease virus with lithium diiodosalicylate differentially elutes the internally disposed proteins, M and NP, showing that these proteins are extrinsic, i.e., not associated with the lipid hydrophobic core. This selective elution requires disruption of the viral envelope, a process that is maximal at low temperature and influenced by the lipid composition of the virus envelope. PMID- 7373711 TI - Protein kinase activity in hepatitis B virus. AB - Protein kinase activity was found in hepatitis B virions (Dane particles) purified from the plasma of hepatitis B virus-infected patients, in virion cores, and in hepatitis B core antigen particles purified from hepatitis B virus infected hepatic tissue and was not found in purified hepatitis B surface antigen particle preparations free of Dane particles. Only a fraction of the major polypeptide (apparent size, 19,700 daltons) in Dane particle cores and hepatitis B core antigen particles from infected liver appeared to be phosphorylated, and phosphorylation changed the electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels to that expected for a polypeptide of 20,600 daltons. Five minor polypeptides with apparent sizes between 38,000 and 63,000 daltons were phosphorylated in Dane particles and Dane particle core preparations but were not detected in hepatitis B core antigen particles from infected liver. None of these had electrophoretic mobilities corresponding to those of known hepatitis B surface antigen polypeptides. Prolonged storage of purified hepatitis B core antigen particles or incubation with human immunoglobulin G preparations containing antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen with or without antibody to the hepatitis B e antigen resulted in the conversion of the polypeptide with an apparent size of 20,600 daltons to ones with apparent sizes of 14,700 and approximately 6,000 daltons, suggesting proteolytic cleavage of the 20,600-dalton polypeptide under these conditions. PMID- 7373710 TI - Genetic variation during lytic reovirus infection: high-passage stocks of wild type reovirus contain temperature-sensitive mutants. AB - Wild-type clones of reovirus serotypes 1 (Lang), 2 (Jones), and 3 (Dearing) were serially passaged in L cells at a high multiplicity of infection, and the virus population was examined at passage levels 2, 5, and 11 for the presence of temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants. By passage 11 all three serotypes contained ts mutants that were not present in the original wild-type stock. ts mutants representing three mutant groups were identified. The majority of these mutants were in group G. Our results show that high-passage stocks of reovirus consist of a genetically heterogeneous population. PMID- 7373713 TI - Bacteriophage phi W-14-infected Pseudomonas acidovorans synthesizes hydroxymethyldeoxyuridine triphosphate. AB - The infection of Pseudomonas acidovorans with bacteriophage phi W-14 leads to the gradual disappearance of dTTP from the cells and to the appearance of hydroxymethy dUTP (hmdUTP). Infected-cell contain dUMP hydroxymethylase and activities converting hmdUMP to humdUDP and hmdUTP. Hydroxymethylase appears immediately after infection, reaching a maximum 20 min later. Thymidylate synthase activity decreases to less than 10% of the preinfection level during the initial 40 min after infection. Newly replicated DNA contains 2 to 3% hydroxymethyluracil. Although uracil is released from newly replicated DNA by acid hydrolysis, uracil is not incorporated as such into phi W-14 DNA, and dUTP is not present in the acid-soluble pool of infected cells. It is concluded that the thymine and alpha-putrescinylthymine in phi W-14 DNA are formed from hydroxymethyluracil at the polynucleotide level and that an intermediate in one or both of these conversions is degraded to uracil by acid hydrolysis. The modification of hydroxymethyluracil is coupled tightly to replication. PMID- 7373712 TI - Nucleotide sequences in bacteriophage f1 DNA: nucleotide sequence of genes V, VII, and VIII. AB - The sequence of nucleotides comprising genes V, VII, and VIII of bacteriophage f1 was determined. The sequence was found to differ from that of the corresponding region of the related fd genome by eight base substitutions in gene V and one in gene VIII. The structure of gene VII was completely conserved between these two viruses and was identical to that of bacteriophage M13. Both transitions and transversions were found in cases where bases were substituted, but all substitutions were in the third codon position and had no effect on the structure of the corresponding protein product. The gene V protein product could thus be deduced to be identical to that of the corresponding proteins from bacteriophages fd and M13. A potential EcoRII cleavage site was formed by nucleotides 172 to 176 of gene V. Replicative form DNA form DNA from bacteriophage f1 is normally resistant to this enzyme, and evidence is presented to suggest that the sequence was modified through methylation of cytosine 173. The probable locations of other modified nucleotides in the sequence are discussed. PMID- 7373714 TI - Chromatin conformation of integrated Moloney leukemia virus DNA sequences in tissues of BALB/Mo mice and in virus-infected cell lines. AB - The technique of preferential DNase I digestion of transcriptionally active chromatin regions was used to study the structural organization of integrated Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) proviral sequences in various cells carrying integrated viral genomes. BALB/Mo mice, which carry M-MuLV as an endogenous virus at a single Mendelian locus, were used to examine the genetically transmitted viral genome copy and additional M-MuLV sequences acquired somatically during leukemogenesis. It has been shown previously that M MuLV genome expression in these mice is restricted to lymphatic target tissues. In young homozygous BALB/Mo mice carrying one M-MuLV genome copy per haploid mouse genome in all cells we found that the genetically transmitted viral genome copy was in a preferentially DNase I-sensitive conformation in lymphatic target tissues, whereas in nontarget tissues the same sequence was not preferentially DNase I sensitive. This suggests that the chromatin conformation and the transcriptional activity of the integrated proviral genome are related to and probably determined by the state of cellular differentiation. In target tissues from BALB/Mo mice examined at different ages and in different stages of leukemogenesis the majority of the new somatically acquired M-MuLV sequences were preferentially DNase I digestible. A very similar pattern of DNase I digestibility was observed in target tissues from BALB/c mice exogenously infected with M-MuLV. This shows that in these tissues somatically acquired proviral sequences integrate preferentially or exclusively at sites of the host genome in which they are in a transcriptionally active chromatin conformation. Alternatively, the chromatin structure of the respective host genome region may be changed after the integration of viral DNA. In nontarget tissues from BALB/Mo mice the M-MuLV-specific sequences remained DNase I resistant throughout the lives of the animals. A different pattern of DNase I digestibility was observed in virus-infected cell lines which had been produced by low-multiplicity infection, cloned, and selected for virus production. When cell lines harboring different numbers of M-MuLV proviral copies were examined, it was found that a minority of the proviral sequences (on the average only one M-MuLV genome copy per haploid mouse genome) were preferentially digestible by DNase I, independent of the total number of proviral genome copies present. This suggests that the chromatin conformation of newly acquired proviral sequences is influenced by the state of differentiation of the infected cell or the way infected cells are selected or both. PMID- 7373715 TI - Genetic variation during persistent reovirus infection: presence of extragenically suppressed temperature-sensitive lesions in wild-type virus isolated from persistently infected L cells. AB - Persistent reovirus infection of L cells was established with a serially passaged stock of temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant C(447) containing greater than 90% defective interfering particles. Within a month after establishment of the carrier culture, the ts mutant was replaced by virus that expressed the wild-type (ts(+)) temperature phenotype (R. Ahmed and A. F. Graham, J. Virol. 23:250-262, 1977). To determine whether the ts(+) phenotype of the virus was due to intragenic reversion or to the presence of an extragenic mutation suppressing the original ts defect, several clones were backcrossed to wild-type reovirus, and the progeny of each cross were screened for temperature sensitivity. The results indicated that the original tsC lesion had reverted. However, in two of the seven clones examined, new ts lesions were found. These new ts lesions appeared phenotypically as ts(+) due to the presence of extragenic suppressor mutations. Temperature-sensitive mutants representing three different groups were rescued from one suppressed clone, indicating that this ts(+) clone contained multiple ts lesions. Among the ts mutants rescued were the initial isolates of a new recombination group which we have designated H. Some of the ts mutants rescued from the suppressed clones are capable of interfering with the growth of wild type reovirus and may play a role in maintaining the carrier state. The results of this study show that persistently infected L cells contain a genetically heterogeneous population of reovirus even though all virus clones express the ts(+) phenotype. It is thus critical to distinguish between genotype and phenotype when analyzing viruses that emerge during persistent infection. PMID- 7373716 TI - Suppression of murine retrovirus polypeptide termination: effect of amber suppressor tRNA on the cell-free translation of Rauscher murine leukemia virus, Moloney murine leukemia virus, and Moloney murine sarcoma virus 124 RNA. AB - The effect of suppressor tRNA's on the cell-free translation of several leukemia and sarcoma virus RNAs was examined. Yeast amber suppressor tRNA (amber tRNA) enhanced the synthesis of the Rauscher murine leukemia virus and clone 1 Moloney murine leukemia virus Pr200(gag-pol) polypeptides by 10- to 45-fold, but at the same time depressed the synthesis of Rauscher murine leukemia virus Pr65(gag) and Moloney murine leukemia virus Pr63(gag). Under suppressor-minus conditions, Moloney murine leukemia virus Pr70(gag) was present as a closely spaced doublet. Amber tRNA stimulated the synthesis of the "upper" Moloney murine leukemia virus Pr70(gag) polypeptide. Yeast ochre suppressor tRNA appeared to be ineffective. Quantitative analyses of the kinetics of viral precursor polypeptide accumulation in the presence of amber tRNA showed that during linear protein synthesis, the increase in accumulated Moloney murine leukemia virus Pr200(gag-pol) coincided closely with the molar loss of Pr63(gag). Enhancement of Pr200(gag-pol) and Pr70(gag) by amber tRNA persisted in the presence of pactamycin, a drug which blocks the initiation of protein synthesis, thus arguing for the addition of amino acids to the C terminus of Pr63(gag) as the mechanism behind the amber tRNA effect. Moloney murine sarcoma virus 124 30S RNA was translated into four major polypeptides, Pr63(gag), P42, P38, and P23. In the presence of amber tRNA, a new polypeptide, Pr67(gag), appeared, whereas Pr63(gag) synthesis was decreased. Quantitative estimates indicated that for every 1 mol of Pr67(gag) which appeared, 1 mol of Pr63(gag) was lost. PMID- 7373717 TI - Biochemical characterization of equine herpesvirus type 3-induced deoxythymidine kinase purified from lytically infected horse embryo dermal fibroblasts. AB - Infection of horse KyED cells with equine herpesvirus type 3 (EHV-3) resulted in a sevenfold increase in cytosol deoxythymidine kinase (dTK) activity. The EHV-3 dTK was purified from KyED cytosol dTK by affinity chromatography on deoxythymidine-Sepharose and characterized with respect to its electrophoretic mobility, molecular weight, substrate specificity, phosphate donor specificity, and immunological specificity. The purified EHV-3 dTK migrated in polyacrylamide gels with an Rf of 0.30 and sedimented in glycerol gradients with an S value of 5.13, corresponding to a molecular weight of 83,000. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis yielded a single band with a molecular weight of 38,000 to 40,000. Antiserum prepared against the EHV-3 dTK induced in KyED cells neutralized the EHV-3-induced enzyme activity but not the dTK purified from uninfected cells. EHV-3 dTK was less sensitive to feedback inhibition to dTTP and had a lower Ki for the antiviral compound 1-beta-D-arabinofuranyosylthymine and a lower Km for the substrate deoxythymidine. These results indicate that infection of cells with EHV-3 results in the induction of a new virus-coded dTK activity which meets the criteria of Jensen for an evolutionary primitive enzyme. PMID- 7373719 TI - Incomplete influenza virus: partial functional complementation as revealed by hemadsorbing cell count test. AB - In MDCK cells inoculated with an appropriate dilution of influenza virus, single hemadsorbing cells could be counted 8 h postinfection against a background of nonadsorbing cells. Standard virus preparation exhibited a linear relationship between the virus dilution and the number of hemadsorbing cells. With incomplete virus preparations obtained by passages of undiluted virus in chicken embryo, the dependence was nonlinear. A ts mutant (ts-29) of A/FPV/Weybridge (Hav1 Neq1) failed to convert MDCK cells into a hemadsorbing state at 42 degrees C. The ability of ts-29 to produce hemadsorbing cells could be rescued by incomplete wild-type virus. The capacity of incomplete virus for this partial functional complementation was inactivated by UV irradiation with one-hit kinetics. The size of the target was estimated to be 5.5 times smaller than that of the virus genome. The results suggest that at least some of the influenza virus genes in defective interfering particles are functional. PMID- 7373720 TI - Haematology of the Australian sea lion, Neophoca cinerea. AB - The haematology of the Australian sea lion Neophoca cinerea was studied in a breeding colony on Kangaroo Island, South Australia. The methods used to catch and restrain the animals are described and the haematology of 38 animals of varying age and sex groups is recorded. Total values for both erythrocytes and leucocytes were similar to those of other marine mammals and were in the ranges of 4.77 to 6.08 X 10(6) mm3 and 6.3 to 14.6 X 10(3) mm3, respectively. Erythrocytes volumes were very large, measuring from 96 to 112 mm.3 The packed cell volumes ranged from 48.3 to 64.2% and the haemoglobin values from 16.2 to 21 gm percent. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio varied from 0.5 to 6.2 and in some animals absolute lymphocyte values were less than 1,200 mm.3 In many animals the percentage of eosinophils was greater than 20%, suggesting parasitic disease. PMID- 7373721 TI - Human enteroviruses and wildlife: isolation from gray squirrels. AB - Five isolates of human echovirus 1/8 complex were recovered from the feces of free-ranging gray squirrels. The source of infection and the significance of the isolates remain unknown. PMID- 7373718 TI - Reovirus progeny subviral particles synthesize uncapped mRNA. AB - Reovirus progeny subviral particles were isolated from L-cells at late times postinfection. It has been shown (D. Skup and S. Millward, J. Virol. 34: 490- 496, 1980) that these progeny subviral particles have masked capping enzymes, indicating that mRNA synthesized by these particles should be uncapped. When progeny subviral particles were used for mRNA synthesis in vitro, they failed to incorporate the beta-phosphate of [beta-32P]GTP into the 5' terminal. Direct analysis of reovirus mRNA synthesized by progeny subviral particles in the presence of either [alpha-32P]GTP or [alpha-32P]CTP indicated that the 5' terminal was uncapped, having the structure pGpC... The implications of this finding to the reovirus replicative cycle are discussed. PMID- 7373722 TI - An outbreak of pasteurellosis in Kano Zoo. AB - An outbreak of pasteurellosis caused by Pasteurella multocida is reported in which six elands (Taurotragus oryx), a gnu (Connochaetes taurinus albojubatus), a zebra (Equus bruchelli), five kangaroos (Macropus rufus), an ostrich (Struthio camelus camelus) and a bateleur eagle (Terathopius ecaudatus) died in Kano Zoological Gardens toward the end of the rainy season of 1978. Confirmation was based on cultural isolation of P. multocida. Analysis of likely factors that could have contributed to the outbreak indicated that it may have been precipitated initially by climatic stress associated with changes in rainfall, relative humidity and temperature. PMID- 7373723 TI - Populations, microhabitat preference and effects of infestation of two species of Orthohalarachne (Halarachnidae: Acarina) in the northern fur seal. AB - All of 116 northern fur seals examined, except black pups (up to 3 monts old), had nasal mites, Orthohalarachne attenuata and O. diminuata, with the mean density of 1,808 mites per subadult male, 435 per adult female, 251 per silver pup, and 21.5 per black pup. Only 63% of black pups examined were infested with both mites. Larvae represented as much as 99% of the total mite population (total samples), and the females of both species of Orthohalarachne accounted for more than 90% of the total population of adult mites. The O. attenuata adults inhabited the nasopharynx and O. diminuata adults were found primarily in the lungs. Larvae of both species occupied the mucus-filled turbinates. The heavy infestation with these mites appeared to result in impairment of respiration in fur seals, and could also cause lesions in the lungs and secondary alveolar emphysems, predispose to more serious diseases, or even kill the host animal. PMID- 7373724 TI - Variable activity of disophenol against hookworms and lice of northern fur seal pups on St. Paul Island, Alaska. AB - Six critical tests with disophenol were conducted in July, 1978, in fur seal pups (Callorhinus ursinus) naturally-infected with adult hookworms, Uncinaria lucasi, and infested with various stages of two species of sucking lice, Proechinopthirus fluctus (Ferris) and Antarctophthirus callorhini (Osborn). Disophenol at a dose rate of 12.5 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously to each of six pups. Each pup was contained in an individual cage for 60 h posttreatment at which time pups were exmained at necropsy. Efficacy against hookworms ranged from 2% to 88% and of both species of lice ranged from 26% to 90% for the six pups. Disophenol removed approximately 90% of all adult lice but only slightly more than 60% of all nymphs. The only sign of toxicosis was a probable drug related fluid-like feces for four pups from 12 to 60 h posttreatment. PMID- 7373725 TI - Helminth fauna of waterfowl in central Oklahoma. AB - Free-ranging waterfowl wintering in and migrating through central Oklahoma were collected and examined for intestinal helminths. Seventy-one ducks, including mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), American widgeons (Anas americana), blue-winged teal (Anas discors), and green-winged teal (Anas crecca) were examined; 64 (90.1%) harbored one or more species of metazoa. Six cestodes, 6 trematodes, 6 nematodes, and 1 acanthocephalan were identified, An experimental, non-flying population of ducks was established and monitored to determine the extent of helminth transmission in central Oklahoma. Seven species of helminths were acquired by the sentinel birds during the study. The significance of the parasites recovered and variations in prevalence and species composition of the infections are discussed as they relate to the life cycles of the parasites and the ecology of the hosts. PMID- 7373727 TI - Lagochilascaris major in a raccoon. AB - A granulomatous mesenteric mass containing numerous adult Lagochilascaris major was found in a raccoon near Houston, Texas. This is the first report of a Lagochilascaris in a species other than the opossum in North America. PMID- 7373728 TI - Prevalence and intensity of Typhlocoelum cucumerinum (Digenea) in wild anatids of Quebec, Canada. AB - The upper respiratory tracts of 534 wild anatids representing 20 species, shot during the 1976, 1977 and 1978 hunting seasons, were examined for Typhlocoelum cucumerinum (Rudolphi, 1809). Typhlocoelum cucumerinum cymbium (Diesing, 1850) were recovered from Anas platyrhynchos, Anas rubripes, Anas acuta, Anas discors and Anas crecca. The maximum prevalence (16.7%) and intensity of infection (1.6) occurred in mallards (A. platyrhynchos). Aythya valisineria and Aythya marila harboured Typhlocoelum cucumerinum cucumerinum (Rudolphi, 1809). The maximum prevalence (14.3%) and intensity of infection (8.0) occurred in canvasbacks (A. valisineria). Of the 13 other species of ducks examined, none were infected with T. cucumerinum. PMID- 7373726 TI - Helminth parasites of band-tailed pigeons in Colorado. AB - Examination of 609 band-tailed pigeons (Columba fasciata fasciata) collected in Colorado revealed two species of cestodes and four nematodes. Two of these were new host records. Helminths found were Hymenolepsis armata, Raillietina sp., Ascaridia columbae, Splendidofilaria columbensis, S. hibleri and Chandlerella robinsoni. Of 609 pigeons examined, 76 (12.5%) harbored helminths. Helminths were not found in pigeons younger than 9 months of age. PMID- 7373729 TI - Psoroptic scabies in bignorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) in New Mexico. AB - Prior to 1978, no reports were made of scabies lesions or mites recovered from any Mexican bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) examined in the San Andres National Wildlife Refuge in southern New Mexico. In 1978, all of five rams harvested by hunters had live mites of the genus Psoroptes and active lesions of scabies in their ears and/or on their bodies. Deaths due to scabies were not documented during this outbreak although aerial helicopter surveys conducted in March, June and September, 1979 recorded less than half the sheep observations of five previous and similarly conducted surveys. After measurement of the length of the outer opisthosomal setae of the male mites, they appear to be Psoroptes ovis (Hering), the common scabies mite of domestic sheep, cattle and horses. Final specific determination must await proposed transmission studies with domestic livestock. PMID- 7373730 TI - Chronic wasting disease of captive mule deer: a spongiform encephalopathy. AB - In the past 12 years (1967-79) a syndrome we identify as chronic wasting disease has been observed in 53 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and one black tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) held in captivity in several wildlife facilities in Colorado and more recently in Wyoming. Clinical signs were seen in adult deer and included behavioral alterations, progressive weight loss and death in 2 weeks to 8 months. Gross necropsy findings included emaciation and excess rumen fluid admixed with sand and gravel. Consistent histopathologic change was limited to the central nervous system and characterized by widespread spongiform transformation of the neuropil, single of multiple intracytoplasmic vacuoles in neuronal perikaryons and intense astrocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Presented is a clinical characterization of chronic wasting disease and pathologic evidence supporting the conclusion that the disease is a specific spontaneously occurring form of spongiform encephalopathy. PMID- 7373731 TI - Vaginal fibromas in a beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris. PMID- 7373732 TI - Blame it all on brown fat now. PMID- 7373733 TI - Protecting and informing human research subjects. PMID- 7373734 TI - Protecting and informing human research subjects. PMID- 7373735 TI - Amenorrhea. PMID- 7373736 TI - Thyroid function screening in psychiatric patients. PMID- 7373737 TI - Drowning from seizure while bathing. PMID- 7373738 TI - Management of septic shock. PMID- 7373739 TI - Reactions to fluorescein. PMID- 7373740 TI - Completeness of toxicological analyses. PMID- 7373741 TI - An unusual case of gallbladder disease. PMID- 7373743 TI - The differential diagnosis of impotence. The measurement of nocturnal penile tumescence. AB - The literature on nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) and impotence is briefly reviewed. Available evidence suggests that measurement of NPT provides objective data, which when combined with a thorough clinical evaluation can be helpful in distinguishing psychogenic from organic impotence in approximately 80% of those patients who present this differential diagnostic problem. Further research is needed to determine whether some psychogenically impotent patients may have impaired NPT. The interdisciplinary evaluation employed at our center is described, and clinical material illustrating the usefulness of this technique is presented. The potential errors that can result from the use of portable NPT monitoring devices are discussed. PMID- 7373742 TI - Leg scanning with radioisotope-labeled fibrinogen in patients undergoing hip surgery. Comparison with contrast phlebography and lung scans. AB - To establish whether radioisotope-labeled fibrinogen leg scanning is of value in the context of hip surgery, we prospectively studied 21 consecutive patients undergoing either total hip replacement (14) or open repair of a hip fracture (seven) with leg scans, contrast phlebography, and ventilation and perfusion lung scans. We found that in eight patients (38%), venous thromboembolism developed postoperatively. Agreement between phlebographic and leg scanning results was excellent. In no patient was venous thrombosis limited to the thigh on the operated-on side, a vital consideration in application of fibrinogen leg scanning to this patient population. Two patients had lung scan changes indicative of embolism; both had thrombi extending into thigh veins. Leg scanning with radioisotope-labeled fibrinogen appears to be a useful method for monitoring patients undergoing hip surgery, if the upper three counting points on the operated-on side are excluded. PMID- 7373744 TI - Modes of compensation of pathologists and the charges for and use of laboratory services. PMID- 7373745 TI - Colorectal cancer detection in a Community Hospital Screening Program. AB - In its first 4 1/2 years of operation in the Long Beach Community Hospital Cancer Detection Center, among the 5,595 persons examined, 16 cases of colorectal cancer were discovered. Fourteen of the 16 had symptoms referable to neoplasms. Eight had lesions found on proctosigmoidoscopic examination. Nine had positive findings for occult blood in stool samples, a 7.5% cancer detection rate among the 120 with positive stool sample findings. Six patients with cancer submitted one to four stool specimens that showed negative findings on occult blood testing, and one patient submitted no specimen. Although valuable in screening, stool testing for occult blood will not detect all colonic neoplasms. The complaints of pain, altered bowel habits, or tenesmus warrant sigmoidoscopic examination, barium enema studies, or both, whether findings in stool samples are positive or negative. PMID- 7373747 TI - Walking. A method for rapid improvement of physical fitness. AB - This study examined the efficiency of walking with a backpack load as a method for improving physical fitness. Forty-four subjects (average age, 18.8 years) marched at a speed of 5 km/hr for 30 minutes a day, five days a week. Thirty-two subjects walked for 3 weeks with a 3-kg backpack load; 6 subjects marched for 4 weeks with the same load; 6 subjects marched for 3 weeks with a 3-kg load, and with a 6-kg load during the fourth week. A statistically significant increase in aerobic work capacity (VO2max) was observed in all three groups, but was most pronounced in the last group. PMID- 7373749 TI - Walking for pleasure. PMID- 7373746 TI - Mitochondrial creatine kinase. A poor prognostic sign. AB - A serum creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme band cathodic to MM, thought to represent mitochondrial CK, was found in eight patients in shock, six of whom died within 12 days. Severe tissue damage appears to be required to release this isoenzyme to detectable levels in the serum. PMID- 7373748 TI - Prevention of organ damage in massive ethylene glycol ingestion. PMID- 7373750 TI - The not-so-sick sinus. PMID- 7373751 TI - Why do physicians order laboratory tests? A study of laboratory test request and use patterns. PMID- 7373752 TI - Bilateral pneumothoraces after resuscitation with esophageal airway. PMID- 7373753 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis of intrahepatic biliary stones. PMID- 7373754 TI - Otogenous tetanus. PMID- 7373755 TI - Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy. PMID- 7373756 TI - Erosion of the colon by a long-dwelling peritoneal dialysis catheter. PMID- 7373757 TI - Stress. PMID- 7373758 TI - The second holocaust. PMID- 7373759 TI - Informed patients and physician satisfaction. PMID- 7373760 TI - CME: a dynamic decade. PMID- 7373761 TI - This is the decade that is. PMID- 7373763 TI - Dermatology. PMID- 7373764 TI - Endocrinology. PMID- 7373762 TI - Anesthesiology. PMID- 7373765 TI - Environmental and public health. PMID- 7373766 TI - Family practice. PMID- 7373767 TI - Genetics. PMID- 7373768 TI - Hematology. PMID- 7373769 TI - Internal medicine. PMID- 7373770 TI - Medical ethics. PMID- 7373772 TI - Nephrology. PMID- 7373771 TI - Neurology/internal medicine. PMID- 7373773 TI - Neurology. PMID- 7373774 TI - Oncology. PMID- 7373775 TI - Occupational medicine. PMID- 7373776 TI - Ophthalmology. PMID- 7373777 TI - Otolaryngology. PMID- 7373778 TI - Pathology. PMID- 7373779 TI - Pediatrics. Neonatology. PMID- 7373780 TI - Psychiatry. PMID- 7373782 TI - Surgery. PMID- 7373783 TI - Therapeutic radiology. PMID- 7373784 TI - Nutrition in the 1970s. PMID- 7373781 TI - Rheumatology. PMID- 7373785 TI - Medical publishing. PMID- 7373786 TI - Pulmonary thromboembolism--update. PMID- 7373788 TI - Better artificial arms under development. PMID- 7373787 TI - California team manipulates bacteria to mass-produce natural opiate. PMID- 7373789 TI - Gentamicin and ticarcillin levels. PMID- 7373790 TI - Extremely shortened activated partial thromboplastin times. PMID- 7373791 TI - Pain following laceration. PMID- 7373792 TI - Management of hypertension. PMID- 7373793 TI - Autopsies and sudden unexpected death in adults. PMID- 7373794 TI - Broadened use of computers. PMID- 7373795 TI - Complications of earrings in an infant. PMID- 7373796 TI - Pneumococcus infection in diabetes mellitus. Is this a justification for immunization? PMID- 7373797 TI - Reserpine and breast cancer. A community-based longitudinal study of 2,000 hypertensive women. AB - To supplement several case-control studies questioning whether use of reserpine is associated with occurrence of breast cancer, we conducted a longitudinal study of nearly 2,000 hypertensive women residing in Rochester, Minn. Exposure to antihypertensive agents and subsequent incidence of breast cancer were ascertained. Expected numbers of cases, derived from local population data and from the Connecticut Tumor Registry, were compared with the numbers of cases observed in exposure groups of interest. No evidence was found of any association of reserpine use, thiazide use, or untreated hypertension with subsequent occurrence of breast cancer in these hypertensive women. In addition, several issues were investigated that warrant consideration in evaluating reports published to date, especially before conclusions are drawn as to the questionable contention that reserpine has caused breast cancer in women. PMID- 7373798 TI - Effect of a self-care book on physician visits. A randomized trial. AB - A self-care book that guides patients in seeking home care or physician care for 63 medical problems was assessed in three randomly selected groups of families to determine the book's effect on the number of visits to physicians. The first group was given the book and an optional seminar on its use; the second group was identical to the first but each family was promised $50 if their visits to physicians dropped by one third; the third group was a control group (total, 699 families). The book had no significant effect on the number of physician's visits during six- and 12-month study periods even though one half of the families read most or all of the book, and more than one third used it for a specific medical problem. Large-scale distribution of this self-care book therefore did not result in significantly less dependence on physicians for treatment of acute medical problems. PMID- 7373799 TI - False-positive tests for syphilis revisited. The intersection of Bayes' theorem and Wassermann's test. PMID- 7373801 TI - Nits or not? Pseudonits--simple office diagnosis. PMID- 7373800 TI - Phencyclidine abuse mimicking head injury. AB - Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) is a psychoactive drug that in small doses produces agitation, excitement, and disorientation, but in larger doses results in stupor, convulsions, coma, and death. Two accident victims under the effects of phencyclidine were in coma. A history of phencyclidine abuse was not initially available in either instance. Head injury was suspected in both patients, although their neurological symptoms suggested a state of sensory blockade. Phencyclidine abuse should be considered in all patients with atypical coma despite a clear history of trauma. PMID- 7373802 TI - Sporotrichosis presenting as facial cellulitis. PMID- 7373803 TI - Primary amebic meningoencephalitis. PMID- 7373804 TI - AMA drug evaluations: the reference book for drug use. PMID- 7373805 TI - Widespread pulmonary lesions in a cyanotic woman. PMID- 7373806 TI - Have pacemakers found their way into too many patients? PMID- 7373807 TI - Aftermath of the ACS bombshell. PMID- 7373808 TI - 'Atypical' mumps may occur after immunization. PMID- 7373809 TI - Agent Orange: what's to be done by whom? PMID- 7373810 TI - Amygdalin (laetrile) toxicity in rodents. PMID- 7373811 TI - Carcinoma at the site of herpes simplex infection. PMID- 7373814 TI - Steam baths. PMID- 7373813 TI - Bone pain from metastases. PMID- 7373812 TI - Eosinophilic meningitis following myelography. PMID- 7373815 TI - Causes of dark urine. PMID- 7373816 TI - Insurance coverage for breast reconstruction. PMID- 7373817 TI - Water hardness and cardiovascular mortality. An idea that has served its purpose. PMID- 7373818 TI - Serial ultrasonography to assess evolving fetal macrosomia. Studies in 23 pregnant diabetic women. AB - Serial ultrasound estimates of fetal biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference were used as differential indices of intrauterine growth of insulin insensitive and insulin-sensitive structures, respectively, in 23 White's classes A to C diabetic women. Biparietal diameter in all fetuses conformed to growth patterns for fetuses of nondiabetic mothers. However, two patterns were noted for abdominal circumference. Normal increases occurred in 13 fetuses; in the remaining ten, growth of abdominal circumference exceeded upper normal limits from weeks 28 to 32 of gestation onward. This latter group with putative "accelerated somatic growth" in utero had more immunoreactive insulin in amniotic fluid, weighed more at birth, and had more subcutaneous fat. Serial differential ultrasonography may be useful for detecting evolving macrosomia in diabetic pregnancies, and fetal insulin or insulin-like principles may contribute to the macrosomia. PMID- 7373819 TI - Diagnostic imaging in perspective. PMID- 7373820 TI - Multiple sclerosis and hysteria. Lessons learned from their association. AB - Four patients with organic neurological disease (multiple sclerosis) had additional major hysterical disability. Patients with unequivocal organic disease often have coexistent psychological disturbances. The preexisting personality, nature of the organic disease and its disability, and the psychosocial setting interact and create an illness whose components are difficult to separate. In some patients there are definite secondary gains from an illness. The combination of hysteria and multiple sclerosis serves as a model for the coexistence of organic and psychological disorders; it serves as an example of the general questions of how the sick deal with their infirmities and how the physician comprehensively deals with illness. PMID- 7373821 TI - Lingual infarction in cranial arteritis. AB - Cranial arteritis is commonly found in elderly individuals with headache and visual loss. Although otolaryngologic manifestations of cranial arteritis are said to be infrequent, approximately 25% of patients may have complaints or objective findings limited to the oral cavity. Masticatory claudication, tongue pain, and frank lingual infarction are the most common and should be recognized as indicators of a serious underlying arteritis. These symptoms are often confusing to internists, neurologists, and otolaryngologists, resulting in delays in diagnosis and initiation of proper therapy. PMID- 7373822 TI - Fibrosing uremic pleuritis during hemodialysis. AB - Fibrosing pleuritis with pulmonary restriction occurred in a well-dialyzed patient. Surgical decortication produced clinical improvement. PMID- 7373823 TI - Clinical and histopathological profile of sarcoidosis of the heart and acute idiopathic myocarditis. Concepts through a study employing endomyocardial biopsy. I. Sarcoidosis. PMID- 7373824 TI - Isolation and characterization of human renin substrate. AB - Human renin substrate (angiotensinogen) was purified from outdated bank plasma. Purification procedures included ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, concanavalin A-Sepharose column chromatography, Hydroxylapatite column chromatography preparative isoelectric focusing and Ultrogel AcA 44 gel filtration. The final recovery was 10% and the specific angiotensin I content of 10.5 micrograms/mg of protein was obtained. Polyacrylamide gel and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugal analyses showed the homogeneity of the purified renin substrate. The molecular weight of 60900 was determined by sedimentation equilibrium studies. Human renin substrate was a glycoprotein containing 13% carbohydrate. Cystine could not be detected on amino acid analysis. The purified renin substrate showed the isoelectric point heterogeneity (pI, 4.6 and 4.9). PMID- 7373825 TI - An electrographic study on the functional capacity of the coronary collateral circulation in dogs with chronic coronary occlusion. AB - The functional capacity of coronary collaterals was investigated under resting and stress conditions in 15 dogs with chronic occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery. ST-elevation in epicardial and intramyocardial electrograms was used for assessing the degree of regional myocardial ischemia. In resting condition, epicardial and intramyocardial electrograms from collateral, intermediate and circumflex areas revealed no significant ischemic changes. In 6 of 15 dogs in which atrial pacing was performed, ST-elevation appeared in electrograms from collateral and intermediate areas. In another 9 dogs, pacing tachycardia produced no significant changes in all electrograms. In these dogs more than 50% constriction of the donor coronary artery was necessary to induce ST-elevation in electrogram from collateral area. These findings indicate that the coronary collateral vessels in dog play beneficial role to prevent the myocardium from ischemic injury under stress condition, although their functional capacity is not comparable to that of normal coronary artery. PMID- 7373826 TI - [Malignant hyperthemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373828 TI - [Halothane vaporizing system using negative-feedback method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373827 TI - [Effects of halothane on the proliferation of HeLa S3 cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373829 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the fall in arterial pressure by a bolus injection of trimethaphan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373830 TI - [Clinical evaluation of continuous drip infusion of pancuronium bromide in long epigastric surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373833 TI - [A case of malignant hyperpyrexia suggesting a gross muscle breakdown (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373832 TI - [Efficiency of scavenging systems for exhaused anesthetic gases in OR (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373834 TI - [Use of bronchofiberscope to facilitate endotracheal intubation in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373835 TI - [Facial nerve palsy: an unexpected complication following anesthesia by mask: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373836 TI - [Report by the Committee on Safety of the Operating Room. I. Cause/effect realtionship of the exposure. II. ISO (International Standards Organization) report for 1978]. PMID- 7373837 TI - [Influence of anesthetic agents on myocardial oxygen supply and demand during hemorrhagic hypotension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373831 TI - [Halothane-pentazocine interaction in dogs (author's ttransl)]. PMID- 7373838 TI - [Protective effect of reduced glutathione on reticuloendothelial function in hemorrhagic shock (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373839 TI - [The effects of ketamine on the cardiovascular system in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373840 TI - [Study of cardiovascular effect of neuroleptanesthesia (Part I)--cardiovascular effect of pentazocine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373842 TI - [Low-flow anesthesia in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373841 TI - [Effects of large doses of morphine on pulmonary circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373843 TI - [Effects of trimethaphan and nitroprusside on human heart during halothane/N2O anesthesia, and on isolated feline myocardium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373844 TI - [The effect of nitrous oxide on the cisternal cerebrospinal fluid pressure and the epidural intracranial pressure under nitrous oxide-oxygen or air inhalation- the gas expansion effect of nitrous oxide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373845 TI - [Morphine anesthesia for palliative cardiac surgery in infants and children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373846 TI - [A proposed procedure to treat a Jehovah's Witness undergoing elective anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373847 TI - [A ten year experience of private practice in anesthesia. The first challenge in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373848 TI - [Blunt needle technique for axillary block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373849 TI - [Studies on the safety of KW-1062 (fifth report). A comparative study on the renal toxicity of KW-1062 and gentamicin in rats by ligh and electron microscopies (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of KW-1062, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, and gentamicin on the kidney were compared. KW-1062 (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) and gentamicin (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) were intramuscularly administered to male Wistar strain rats for 30 days. On the 5th, 15th and 30th day, renal disturbances were examined by light microscopy. On the 30th day, electron microscopy was also carried out. Light microscopic examination revealed that degeneration of the renal tubular epithelium and the round cell infiltration were seen on the 5th day in the group received gentamicin 5 mg/kg. On the 15th and 30th day, these changes were dose dependent. In the group given KW-1062 40 mg/kg, degeneration of the renal tubular epithelium and the round cell infiltration were recognized on the 15th day. Electron microscopic examination revealed dense body containing myelin-like structures in the epithelial cell of the portio principal in proportion to dose in the group received gentamicin 5 mg/kg. At gentamicin 40 mg/kg, myelin-like structures were collected in the renal tubular cavity and obstructed it. With KW 1062 20 mg/kg or more, similar findings to those of gentamicin 5 mg/kg were obtained, however, severe disturbance such as the obstruction of the renal tubular cavity was not recognized. PMID- 7373850 TI - [Therapeutic effect of oral doxycycline on syphilis (author's transl]. AB - Eighty-one patients with syphilis were treated with oral doxycycline. A course of the antibiotic treatment consisted of 200 mg of doxycycline daily in two divided doses for 28 days. The course was repeated three to four times a year with an interval of several months. Quantitative Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL), Wassermann reaction (WR), and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) tests were performed monthly to evaluate the therapeutic effect of doxycycline treatment. The response rate was 100% for primary, 91.7% for early, 63.0% for late, and 61.8% for congenital syphilis in adults. No notable side effects were encountered except for epigastric fullness in four patients, which did not require the treatment to be discontinued. No abnormalities were detected in the results of laboratory tests. PMID- 7373851 TI - [Clinical studies of effectiveness of ceftezole (Falomesin 'Chugai') on the infectious disease in infancy and childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical studies of the effectiveness of ceftezole (Falomesin 'Chugai') were performed on 50 cases of infants and children with infectious disease during November 1978 and February 1979. Effective results were obtained in 86% of subjects with remarkable effect especially in the group of acute upper respiratory disease. No side effect was detected in our study while elevated mean value of platelet count was observed after medication. PMID- 7373852 TI - [Effects of cysteine compounds on antibiotics I. Effects of L-cysteine and its derivatives on the potency of antibiotics (author's transl)]. AB - Various derivatives of L-cysteine obtained by conversion to an -S-S- bond in the mucoprotein by means of -SH in the chemical structure are widely used as expectorants because they show mucous dissolving action. Recently, there have been reports that L-cysteine derivatives lower the potencies of various antibiotics. Various types of antibiotics and cysteine-type expectorants are often used concomitantly for the treatment of bacterial infections in respiratory tract diseases, and any decrease in the antibiotic potency presents a major therapeutic problem. We investigated the effects of four cysteine derivatives on 12 antibiotics, ampicillin (ABPC), amoxicillin (AMPC), sulbenicillin (SBPC), cefazolin (CEZ), cephalexin (CEX), cephalothin (CET), oxytetracycline (OTC), doxycycline (DOTC), minocycline (MINO), erythromycin (EM), ribostamycin (VSM) and lincomycin (LCM), widely used clinically in vitro with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIc) obtained by the liquid dilution method as an index. L Cysteine, acetylcysteine, ethylcysteine and mecysteine lowered the potencies of almost all of the antibiotics at high concentrations (500 mcg/ml), but at low concentrations (12.5 mcg/ml), mecysteine lowered the potencies of only three antibiotics and L-cysteine those of only four antibiotics, while acetylcysteine decreased the potencies of six and ethylcysteine those of seven antibiotics. PMID- 7373853 TI - [Effects of cysteine compounds on antibiotics II. Interaction of Pectite (L methylcysteine hydrochloride) with antibiotics in vivo (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373854 TI - [Treatment of Diphyllobothrium latum infection with paromomycin sulfate (author's transl)]. AB - Recently, it has been known that the treatment with paromomycin sulfate is effective against many kinds of tapeworm. Paromomycin sulfate was used for treating 56 patients with Diphyllobothrium latum aged 2 approximately 65 years old. Paromomycin was administered orally in the dose of 25 approximately 50 mg/kg. All cases with Diphyllobothriasis latum were successfully treated with paromomycin. The drug was well tolerated and no side effects were observed in any patients. PMID- 7373855 TI - [Animal test for evaluation of ototoxicity and safety of KW-1062 (author's transl)]. AB - KW-1062, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, was tested for the evaluation of audiotoxicity in administration at higher dosage and compared with the audiotoxicity of gentamicin. KW-1062 was given at dosage of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg intramuscularly for 4 weeks to each group consisting of 10 healthy guinea pigs, respectively. Gentamicin was administered at dosage of 25, 35, 50 and 100 mg/kg in the same way as in KW-1062 to the guinea pigs. In the present study the differential frequency pinna reflex test in the frequency range from 20 kHz to 0.5 kHz was performed before and during administration of the drugs, to evaluate the audiotoxicity. Comparison of number of animal with pinna reflex loss and extent of frequency range of pinna reflex loss revealed that KW-1062 at dose of 150 mg/kg is less audiotoxic than gentamicin at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, and approximately equivalent in audiotoxicity to gentamicin at dose of 35 mg/kg. PMID- 7373856 TI - Tendomycin, a new antitumor antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces No. 9034. AB - A new antibiotic designated tendomycin was isolated from the culture of Streptomyces No. 9034. The antibiotic is active against Gram-positive bacteria, fungi and cultured cancer cells, and shows an inhibitory effect of EHRLICH carcinoma in mice. PMID- 7373857 TI - Non-invasive localization of the pre-excitation site in patients with the Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. Vectorcardiographic and echocardiographic correlations. AB - Vectorcardiographic and echocardiographic correlations were made in 160 patients with no clinical evidence of cardiovascular diseases except for the Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. Frank vectorcardiographic classifications of the patients were based on both the morphology of the delta loop and the direction of the mean delta vector in the horizontal plane as follows; group I (93 patients) with a delta loop inscribed nearly straightly anteriorly and either to the left or right and a mean delta vector directed more anteriorly than +20 degrees, group II (31 patients) with a hook-shaped delta loop inscribed initially anteriorly but soon posteriorly and to the left, and group III (36 patients) with a delta loop inscribed nearly linearly to the left and either posteriorly or slightly anteriorly and a mean delta vector directed more posteriorly than +20 degrees. Abnormal echocardiographic patterns of ventricular contractions in the syndrome were seen at the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW), the interventricular septum (IVS), and the right ventricular anterior wall (RVAW). In group I abnormal LVPW motions were observed in 91 patients (98%), and both abnormal LVPW and IVS motions in 1. The remaining 1 showed no echocardiographic abnormalities either at LVPW or IVS. In contrast, abnormal IVS motions were observed in 29 patients (94%) of group II. No patient of group II showed abnormal LVPW motions. In 17 patients (47%) of group III abnormal LVPW motions alone were observed. Two patients showed both abnormal LVPW and IVS motions. In the remaining 17 patients (47%), no abnormal motions were noted either at LVPW or IVS. Abnormal RVAW motions were invariably observed in 19 patients of group II with satisfactory RVAW echograms, but never seen in groups I and III. Above findings could be explained by the pre excitation at LVPW in group I, RVAW in group II, and posterior right ventricle in group III. In 19 patients (8 in group I and 11 in group III) frontal QRS loops were very similar to that in left anterior hemiblock. All of these patients except for 1 showed abnormal LVPW motions, so that the site of pre-excitation was presumably located at the posterior paraseptal region or the posterior IVS. Three cases with a combination of a frontal QRS loop of left anterior hemiblock pattern and abnormal IVS motions in addition to abnormal LVPW motions may be explained by the pre-excitation at the right-sided IVS near LVPW. We feel that combinations of vectorcardiographic and echocardiographic approaches are clinically quite useful as an auxiliary non-invasive means of locating the pre-excitation site. PMID- 7373858 TI - Stroke during pregnancy and puerperium in young females below the age of 40 years as a result of cerebral venous/venous sinus thrombosis. AB - One hundred and thirty-eight cases of cerebral venous/venous sinus thrombosis during the puerperium have been studied. Maximum number of cases (112 cases) occurred in the age below 30 years. Signs and symptoms appeared in most of the cases (72 cases) during the first 7 days of post partum period. One hundred and eleven cases were multipara. Commonest signs and symptoms were fever (85 cases); headache (66 cases), convulsions (64 cases), altered consciousness (57 cases), hemiplegia (60 cases), papilloedema (48 cases), etc. Carotid angiography done in 55 cases revealed block in middle part of superior sagittal sinus in 24, and localised, dilated and tortuous cortical veins in 5. A statistically significant rise in serum triglycerides, phospholipids, free fatty acids, blood platelet count, platelet adhesive index, and fall in blood fibrinolytic activity were found as compared with normals. These factors may be playing a role in the etiology of cerebral venous/venous sinus thrombosis during puerperium. PMID- 7373859 TI - Coronary artery aneurysms. Report of seven cases and review of the pertinent literature. AB - Coronary artery aneurysm was demonstrated in 7 patients, whose ages ranged from 38 to 66 years, by selective coronary angiography. Four patients had atypical chest pain probably not caused by cardiac ischemia, 1 patient had aortic stenosis and recurrent bouts of atrial fibrillation, and 2 were evaluated following myocardial infarction and found to have triple vessel atherosclerotic coronary disease. Mitral valve prolapse and varicosities of the coronary venous tree found in one individual suggest that mucoid degeneration which replaces the normal fibrous tissue resulting in weakness of vessel wall may be responsible for the formation of coronary artery aneurysm and varicosities of the coronary venous system. The unsuspected presentation and benign course of these patients are emphasized and the pertinent literature is reviewed. PMID- 7373860 TI - Effects of intravenous disopyramide on myocardial function in patients with different degrees of cardiac failure. AB - The effects of intravenous disopyramide phosphate on myocardial function were evaluated by non-invasive indices of cardiac performance (systolic time intervals, STI) in 15 patients with atherosclerotic heart disease and different degrees of cardiac failure. Disopyramide (1.5 mg/Kg) was given intravenously over a period of 5 min. This drug induced in patients in I-II classes of NYHA a significant decrease of LVETc, while PEP, ICT, and PEP/LVET ratio rose significantly. STI were affected much more markedly in patients in III-IV classes of NYHA. Particularly affected were contractility indices (PEP, ICT, PEP/LVET), which were reduced significantly more in patients in III-IV classes as compares to patient in I-II classes. In contrast, LVETc, which correlates to stroke volume and cardiac output, was similarly worsened by the drug in the 2 groups of patients. Therefore, this study shows that disopyramide has relevant depressant effects on myocardial performance, simultaneously reducing stroke volume and contractility, and that the effect on contractility is more marked in patients with severe left ventricular impairment. PMID- 7373861 TI - The changes in pattern of myocardial shortening by reduction of regional coronary blood flow. AB - The relationship between the grade of a decrease in the regional coronary blood flow and the movement of ventricular myocardium of that region was investigated in open chest dog. Blood flow in left anterior descending artery (FLAD) was reduced by stepwise constriction of LAD with ligature. Ventricular segment length was measured in a circumferential plane on the endocardial surface by ultrasonic dimension system. For the elimination of the noise caused by ultrasonic dimension system, the synchronizer was inserted between sample clock of the dimension system and the trigger circuit of the electromagnetic flowmeter. A 20% reduction of FLAD affected the pattern of ischemic myocardial shortening very little. Discontinuance of shortening to the end of systole was occurred by a 20 to 60% reduction in FLAD. Early and/or late systolic bulging was induced by a 60% reduction of FLAD. Systolic bulging with early diastolic shortening was seen in the cases with a 60 to 80% reduction in FLAD. Frank systolic bulging which was always seen by complete occlusion of LAD was produced by a 60 to 90% reduction of FLAD in few cases. PMID- 7373862 TI - Coronary vascular reserve and regional myocardial contractile force with special reference to myocardial metabolism. AB - The relations among coronary vascular reserve, regional myocardial contractile force and myocardial metabolism were investigated in anesthetized dogs under open chest condition. The reactive hyperemia response was examined during stepwise occlusion of circumflex artery. A change in percent repayment was used as an index of the coronary vascular reserve. Contractile force was measured with strain gauge arches sutured to ischemic and nonischemic areas of the left ventricle. The nonischemic muscle contractile force (NIMCF) increased or showed no significant change with the reduction of repayment by stepwise constriction of circumflex artery. The ischemic muscle contractile force (IMCF) began to decrease markedly following reduction of repayment below 50%. NIMCF was found to be slightly decreased by the severe reduction of coronary blood flow (CBF) in ischemic region. Thus there was a low (r = 0.39) correlation between NIMCF and CBF in ischemic region. However, the correlation between IMCF and CBF in ischemic region was relatively high (r = 0.68). The arterial and coronary sinus blood samples were obtained for the determination of oxygen content, lactate and potassium concentrations. In the range of constriction without reduction of CBF, IMCF decreased significantly following reduction of repayment below 50%, but O2, lactate and potassium extraction ratios were not significantly different. Application of further constriction revealed significant reductions of CBF, stroke volume, aortic pressure, IMCF and lactate extraction ratios, and it also revealed significant elevation of O2 extraction ratio. The above observation suggests that a reduction of coronary vascular reserve might affect regional contractile force without change in CBF, and reduction of CBF could decrease regional and global left ventricular performance with changes in myocardial metabolism. PMID- 7373863 TI - Effects of verapamil and its optical isomers on repetitive slow responses induced by electrical depolarization in canine ventricular myocardium. AB - The electrophysiological effects of verapamil (racemic compounds) and its optical (d- and 1-) isomers on canine ventricular myocardial fibers were investigated in current clamp conditions using single sucrose gap chamber and microelectrodes. The current-voltage (I-V) relationships were obtained in normal and low Na (12 mM)--low Ca (0.45 mM) solutions with and without the drugs. Verapamil and its optical isomers blocked repetitive action potential discharges (slow responses) induced by depolarizing DC-currents. However, l-isomer was more potent than d isomer in suppressing these responses. The difference in the potency was attributed to their different actions on the steady state I-V relationships. Namely, l-isomer increased time independent membrane conductance to potassium ions (probably gk1), while d-isomer did not. This effect of l-isomer may favor the suppression of phase 4 depolarization and hence reduce the frequency of repetitive action potential discharges in depolarized ventricular muscle more effectively than d-isomer. PMID- 7373864 TI - The comparison of hemodynamic effects of concomitant use of intra-aortic balloon pumping and veno-arterial bypass with atrio-arterial bypass. AB - Atrio-Arterial Bypass (AAB) and concomitant use of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping (IABP) and Veno-Arterial Bypass (VAB) were performed, using 7 dogs with induced cardiogenic shock. AAB was established by draining blood from the left atrium and subsequently returning this blood to the carotid artery. VAB was also accomplished by draining blood from the right atrium and then returning this blood to the femoral artery. And bypass flow rates were set at approximately one third of the baseline cardiac output. Evaluation of hemodynamic effects of concomitant use of IABP and VAB was carried out, compared with AAB. The following findings were obtained. 1) In concomitant use, the left ventricular afterload was decreased to lower level (mSPr and TTI) and the total perfusion flow was increased to higher level than in AAB. 2) In AAB the left ventricular preload (mLAP) decreased to lower level than in concomitant use. 3) In concomitant use and AAB, the left ventricular stroke work decreased to the same level. PMID- 7373865 TI - Late failure of pulmonary artery banding. AB - Pulmonary artery banding was performed on an 11-year-old female with a large patent ductus arteriosus to control pulmonary hypertension. At catheterization 3 years later the band on the right pulmonary artery was present. At catheterization 13 years later the right pulmonary artery band could no longer be demonstrated. PMID- 7373866 TI - Rheumatic heart disease in Jordan. PMID- 7373867 TI - [DCTP and DCMP two step therapy in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373868 TI - [Experimental studies of the platelet aggregation by the filtragometer--the platelet aggregation in myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373869 TI - [Ergometry--stress testing by aerobic exercise (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373870 TI - [Exercise electrocardiography--the accuracy of Master two step test correlated with coronary arteriographic findings in angina suspected patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373872 TI - [Clinical meanings of the coagulation and fibrolysis tests in liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373871 TI - [Platelet aggregation and adhesiveness response to exercise (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373873 TI - [Exercise test and blood coagulation test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373875 TI - [Influence of exercise on blood chemistry test and morphological alterations of the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373874 TI - [Exercise and lipid metabolism--examination of lipids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373877 TI - [Gas-liquid chromatographic method for determination of plasma gliclazide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373876 TI - [Enzymatic determination of cholesterol in alpha-, beta-lipoproteins with use of PEG-6000 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373878 TI - [Studies on dyslipoproteinemia in obstructive jaundice (I) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373879 TI - [Evaluation of two-stage antithrombin III assay using new chromogenic peptide substrates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373880 TI - [On the determination of plasma antithrombin III with chromogenic peptide substrate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373881 TI - [Studies on bacterial infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373883 TI - [Problems in identification of bacteria--from the standpoint of chemotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373882 TI - [Hospital-acquired urinary tract infections in the urological ward (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373884 TI - [Non-epithelial tumors of large intestine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373885 TI - [The Coomassie Brilliant Blue method of protein quantitation. (1) Basic examination of the method and cerebrospinal fluid protein quantitation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373886 TI - [The effect of TCA-ascorbic acid deproteinisation method on the determination of serum iron by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373887 TI - [Studies on HDL-cholesterol in diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373888 TI - [Urinary excretion of catecholamines by various age groups--with special reference to clinical value of measuring catecholamines in newborns (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373889 TI - [Measurement of histidase activity in the stratum corneum with radioactively labelled L-histidine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373890 TI - [Rapid measurement of fibrinolytic activity in CSF by t-AMCA score method. Correlation with concentration of antifibrinolytic agent in CSF (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373891 TI - [A case suspected to be the bacteremia due to opportunistic infection by Bacillus coagulans, which was difficult to identify, at the time of isolation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373892 TI - [Appraisal of intracardiac pressure measurement with Swan-Ganz catheter- correlative study with microtip manometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373893 TI - [Radiographic examination of the esophagus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373894 TI - [Diagnosis of pulmonary tumors with a use of aortic injection scanning of 99mTc MAA (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373895 TI - [Computed tomography diagnosis of the spinal canal disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373896 TI - [Unusual bone images and extraosseous soft-tissue uptake of 99mTc-MDP scanning in chronic dialysis patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373897 TI - [A case report of pulmonary fibroleiomyoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373898 TI - [Uretero-duodenal fistula--report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373899 TI - [A case report of splenic cyst (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373900 TI - [A case of Apert's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373902 TI - [Hemangioma of the scrotum--with special reference to angiographic and RI angiographic findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373901 TI - [Striated vascular pattern (a case report) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373903 TI - [New equipments for magnification radiography of gastrointestinal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373904 TI - [Evaluation of the dosage of remote afterloader for carcinoma of the uterine cervix using rectal dosimeter (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373905 TI - [Antrochoanal polyp (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373906 TI - [RI angiocardiography in tricuspid atresia with persistence of left superior vena cava (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373907 TI - [Radiotherapy for the liver, bile duct and pancreas cancer (II) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373908 TI - [The radiological findings of inoperable esophageal cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373909 TI - [Radiological study of drug-induced esophageal ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373910 TI - [Selective angiography of the proper esophageal artery, analysis of 100 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373911 TI - [Acute symmetric ulcers of the antral portion of the stomach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373912 TI - [Clinical evaluation of caerulein cholecystography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373913 TI - [Histopathological study of arterial occlusion in pancreatic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373914 TI - [The angiographic diagnosis of epidural hematoma of the posterior fossa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373915 TI - [Brain scintigraphy in subdural fluid collections--imaging patterns of subdural hematomas and effusions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373916 TI - [Therapeutic principle based on X-ray findings of esophageal carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373917 TI - [Clinical evaluation of thyroid scintigraphy with 201Tl chloride (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373918 TI - [Angiographic findings of the cavernous transformation of the portal vein (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373920 TI - [Significance of the olfactory vein in cerebral angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373919 TI - [The accessory left gastric artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373921 TI - [Cerebral angiography of mental retarded children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373922 TI - [Complications of cerebral angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373923 TI - [Achalasia in infancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373926 TI - [A case of melorheostosis with many other abnormalities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373924 TI - [A case of diaphragmatic hernia of the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373925 TI - [The diagnosis of diseases of the extra-biliary tract by oral and intravenous cholangiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373927 TI - [Achondrogenesis--a case report with emphasis on radiological differentiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373928 TI - [Scintigram of the cervical lymphnodes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373929 TI - [On the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of genitourinary tumors. Part I. Tumor of testicle, and tumor of the urinary bladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373930 TI - [Platelet aggregation in arteriosclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373931 TI - [Platelet aggregation and fibrinolysis in patients with ischemic heart disease at rest and after exercise (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373932 TI - [An evaluation of nutritional standards by the health examination for aged in the Okinawan community (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373933 TI - [Urinary catecholamine response to glucagon in young and elderly patients with essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373935 TI - [Effects of 15-hydroperoxy arachidonic acid and non-purified hydroperoxides from arachidonic acid to rabbit blood vessels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373934 TI - [Geographical pathology of age changes of Costa Ricans (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373936 TI - [Factors influencing the platelet aggregation test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373937 TI - [Effects of guanine nucleotides on vasopressin-induced increment of water permeability of the toad bladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373938 TI - [In situ and ex situ renal artery aneurysmectomy in the congenital solitary kidney. Report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373939 TI - [Experimental study on the origin of glomerular foam cells in glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373940 TI - [Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with "chronic polyneuropathy with skin hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, edema and abnormal immunoglobulins" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373941 TI - [Significance of C3b receptor in various renal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373942 TI - [Effects of the verbal loading on laterality difference in visual field (author's transl)]. AB - In connection with the Kinsbourne's attention-model, the relation between the level of hemisphere sharing of loading task and the visual-laterality difference was examined under verbal loading conditions. The subjects were 13 (8 male and 5 female) right-handed college students. The loading tasks in Exp. I were the "same different" judgment of Japanese hiragana alphabets and of triliteral hiragana words, and "true-false" judgment of short statements. In Exp. II, a procedure to eliminate configurational matching of the letters was followed. The results of the two experiments suggest that the visual-laterality effect occurs only when the level of hemisphere sharing of the loading task exceeds a certain lower bound. PMID- 7373943 TI - [Experimental analysis of the contralaterally associated-movements with the finger task movements (author's transl)]. AB - To investigate features of the contralaterally associated-movements (AM) in connection with the main movements, 6-year-old children were asked to play "marbles" as the main movements, and both its performance and AM were checked. The first analysis indicated that AM contained two different movements, pre associated-movements (PAM) and simultaneously associated movements (SAM). PAM and SAM showed different features in relation to their directions, changes through trial blocks and right-left-balances. When classified into three groups on the basis of their performance of the main movements, the subjects in the low group showed the maximum AM in both PAM and SAM. Furthermore, the kind of SAM patterns decreased in inverse proportion to performance level. PMID- 7373944 TI - [Degree of correlation between pulse transit time (PTT) and arterial blood pressure: a question to its utility in blood pressure biofeedback (author's transl)]. AB - PTT and systolic blood pressure were measured 20 times at rest and 10 times with Valsalva's Maneuvre from each of five subjects. Linear correlation coefficients (LCs) were calculated from the data obtained only at rest and from both measuring conditions combined. The results showed that LCs from the combined data were highly negative (--0.428-- --0.854) in all five subjects but LCs from rest alone did not show any significant trend in three subjects. It was concluded that PTT did not highly correlate with arterial blood pressure within its spontaneous variation and, therefore, it called the utility of PTT as a target response in blood pressure biofeedback in question. PMID- 7373945 TI - [Discrimination shift learning and dimensional dominance in mental retarded children (author's transl)]. AB - Dimensional dominance (either form or color) among retarded and normal children was assessed prior to their being presented with reversal or nonreversal shift task. During the initial learning, the dominant dimension was either relevant or irrelevant to the solution. Both rate of criterion attainment during the initial learning and subsequent shift performance were related to dimensional dominance. If the dominant dimension was relevant, the retarded learned the task as fast as the normal; if the dominant dimension was irrelevant, the retardates learned it with more difficulty than the normals. This result was discussed in relation to the tendency of the retardates' towards being bound to one dimension and no switching to an other. PMID- 7373947 TI - BCG immunotherapy of lung cancer. AB - Thirty-three patients have undergone BCG intralesional injection into pulmonary tumors. Six received the injection by way of the bronchoscope and 27 were injected percutaneously under fluoroscopic control. The toxicity of this treatment is closely related to PPD reactivity. PPD-negative patients have little fever and malaise. However patients with strongly positive PPD reactions have extensive and prolonged fever. Twenty-six of the 27 patients injected with BCG underwent pulmonary resection. There were no significant postoperative complications. Histologically BCG induces a granulomatous inflammatory reaction, and in the patients who are PPD-positive there is extensive plasma-cell infiltration and de novo germinal center formation within the tumor. Eighty-five percent of the patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and 58 percent of the patients with metastatic cancer are alive and well at a median follow-up of 16 months following pulmonary resection. PMID- 7373946 TI - [Below-zero habituation of the orienting reflex: study in skin resistance reflex (author's transl)]. AB - Two experiments were designed to investigate a below-zero habituation of the skin resistance reflex (SRR) component of the orienting reflex to auditory stimuli. In both experiments, subjects were given additional ten stimulus-presentations immediately after initial habituation (extended habituation, EH procedure), and they were compared with those without EH procedure. Effects of EH procedure upon rehabituation and SRRs to novel stimuli (Experiment I), and upon SRRs to novel stimuli under an additional control condition (Experiment II), were examined. The EH procedure enhanced SRRs to novel stimuli and had no effects on the spontaneous recovery. These results suggested that habituation would not proceed beyond the zero-level by the EH procedure. PMID- 7373948 TI - Jejunal esophagoplasty for carcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 7373949 TI - A histopathologic study of the region of the ampulla of Vater in congenital biliary atresia. AB - A histopathologic investigation of the duodenal wall and adjacent tissues in the vicinity of the papilla of Vater was performed in 37 autopsied cases of congenital biliary atresia which were treated in the Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Juntendo University Hospital during the past 11 years. A high incidence of the association of a congentially abnormal junction of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct, that is, a long common channel and a poorly developed sphincter musculature, were found in congenital biliary atresia. This suggests the possibility that reflux of pancreatic juice into the biliary system, followed by nonsuppurative chronic inflammation of bile ducts, may ultimately lead to the obstructive cholangiopathy seen in biliary atresia. PMID- 7373950 TI - Intra- and postoperative autotransfusion in open heart surgery under simple hypothermia in children. AB - A new autotransfusion unit was developed by the authors and the favorable results of 21 operations of open heart surgery under simple hypothermia were described. The patients were all children with simple congenital heart diseases. The amounts of autotransfused blood ranged from 2.8 to 15.5 ml/kg. Intraoperative autotransfusion proved to be an effective means of minimizing blood loss during surgery (range 3.2 to 12.8 ml/kg) and performing open heart surgery without donor blood transfusion. Postoperative autotransfusion (range 0 to 14.3 ml/kg) served as a supplementary means of avoiding homologous blood transfusion. Among the 21 autotransfused patients, there were no complications, while two patients developed hepatitis out of 19 patients who received homologous blood in the control group. PMID- 7373952 TI - Onlay fundic patch method applied in spontaneous rupture of the esophagus: a case report. AB - A successful attempt using the onlay fundic patch method for treatment of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus (SRE) was reported. A 38-year old male presented with left chest pain and a preoperative diagnosis of SRE was made. Surgery was performed 16 hours after the onset of symptoms and a 3 cm esophageal tear just above the level of the diaphragmatic hiatus was noted. The esophageal tear was repaired by the onlay fundic patch method through left thoracotomy and the postoperative course was uneventful and recovery was complete. A search of the literature has yielded only one case of SRE that was improved with onlay fundic patch by Thal and Hatafuku (1964) and this method is useful for the immediate and late repair of rupture of the esophagus. PMID- 7373951 TI - Multiple aneurysms of the visceral arteries with migrating vascular bruit on postural change: a case report. AB - Multiple aneurysms of the gastroepiploic artery and the ileocecal branch of the superior mesenteric artery were found in a 68-year-old male patient by angiography. The patient presented with one-hour postprandial epigastric pain of 10 years duration. Abdominal bruit was auscultated at the two different sites, one of which shifted downwards upon upright position. From the freely movable nature of the great omentum, this bruit, migrating upon postural change, was most likely from the gastroepiploic artery aneurysms. The aneurysms were excised and the abdominal bruit disappeared. The etiology of the aneurysms was suggested to be arterial fibrodysplasia histologically. From this experience, it was stressed that postural change should be added to a routine physical examination to rule out an aneurysm from the freely movable great omentum. PMID- 7373953 TI - Lymphangioma of the esophagus presenting symptoms of achalasia--a case report. AB - A case of lymphangioma of the esophagus with symptoms of achalasia was presented. Compressible and folded intramural tumors were found from the middle to the lower part of the esophagus and the Mecholyl test was positive. After incisional biopsy at lower esophagus through full thickness of the wall, the opening was repaired with Thal-Hatafuku's fundic patch procedures to relieve achalasia. Postoperative course was uneventful and symptoms of achalasia completely disappeared. PMID- 7373954 TI - A case of "exulceratio simplex" (Dieulafoy). AB - A case of Exulceratio simplex (Es) was reported. Fair sized arteries were present in submucosal layer of fundus of the stomach from which massive arterial hemorrhage occurred due to the erosion caused by two small mucosal defects. PMID- 7373955 TI - Duplication of common bile duct--a case report. AB - A case of double common bile duct is presented. Precise preoperative recognition of this anomaly is extremely rare. Preoperative adequate appreciation of these anomalies of the biliary tree prevents surgeons from impairing the anomalous bile ducts, or from going astray, being faced with these anomalies at operation accidentally. PMID- 7373956 TI - A case of a developmental anomaly of the femoral artery: persistent sciatic artery. AB - A case of a persistent sciatic artery in a 68-year-old farmer, showing symptoms of acute arterial occlusive lesion of the right lower limb is presented. The persistent sciatic artery was joined to the internal iliac artery proximally and to the popliteal artery distally. The anomalous artery was occluded by atheromatous thrombi. The superficial femoral artery was hypoplastic and terminated in the descending genicular artery at the midthigh level. A successful bypass was performed between the common femoral artery and proximal popliteal artery utilizing a woven teflon graft. PMID- 7373958 TI - The general rules for recording endoscopic findings on esophageal varices. PMID- 7373957 TI - Fibrocollagenous tissue tube as a small arterial substitute. AB - A new arterial graft, a fibrocollagenous tissue tube supported by polyester mesh, was evaluated as a substitute for a small caliber artery. The graft of 3 mm in internal diameter and 3.5 to 5.7 cm in length were implanted into the external iliac arteries of 24 dogs. The patency rate of the graft was 73% from 0 to 7 months following the operation. The newly formed vascular wall was soft and stable. The graft showed good endothelization of the neointima. PMID- 7373959 TI - [Two cases with primary pulmonary cryptococcosis diagnosed by transbronchial biopsy]. PMID- 7373960 TI - [A case report of lung cancer with prolonged pleural effusion after pneumonectomy: the significance of sarcoid-like lesions in association with malignant tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373961 TI - [A case of bronchobiliary fistula (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373962 TI - [Effects of ozone and sulfur dioxide alone and in combination on bronchial reactivity to inhaled acetylcholine aerosol in normal subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373963 TI - [Clinical application of capacitance pneumograph (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373964 TI - [Clinical significance of Serratia isolation from sputa of patients with respiratory diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373965 TI - [A five year follow-up study of antituberculosis chemotherapy with and without rifampicin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373966 TI - [Difference of uptake of 2,6-diamino (G-3H) pimelic acid dihydrochloride among Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, and Nocardia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373967 TI - [A case of atypical mycobacteriosis combined with congenital heart failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373968 TI - [Bronchogenic carcinoma and pulmonary tuberculosis--a case report of rapid activation of dormant tuberculous foci accompanied with the growth of pulmonary carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7373969 TI - [Polish experiment in the prevention of ischemic heart disease. V. Prevalence of coronary disease risk in a male population in Warsaw industrial plants]. PMID- 7373970 TI - [Myocardial changes in experimental coronary perfusion under conditions of normothermia and hypothermia. I. Biochemical studies]. PMID- 7373971 TI - [Myocardial changes occurring in experimental coronary perfusion under conditions of normothermia and hypothermia. II. Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies]. PMID- 7373972 TI - [Diagnosing interatrial shunting by the ultrasound method based on Doppler's effect]. PMID- 7373974 TI - [Drinking water hardness as a risk factor in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7373973 TI - [Dynamics of systemic arterial pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure during graded exercise in essential hypertension]. PMID- 7373975 TI - [Use of phonoangiography in the diagnosis of vascular changes]. PMID- 7373976 TI - [Variability of ECG pictures in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome during transesophageal stimulation of the left atrium]. PMID- 7373977 TI - [Hemodynamics in borderline hypertension]. PMID- 7373978 TI - [Echocardiographic findings in ventricular septum rupture in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7373979 TI - [Coexistence of bundle-branch block with pre-excitation syndrome]. PMID- 7373980 TI - [Lipid content in the blood in comparison with coronary angiographic data in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7373981 TI - [Importance of glucose metabolic characteristics in the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia in atherosclerosis in people]. PMID- 7373982 TI - [Functional classification of ischemic heart disease]. AB - A modified variant of the functional classification of patients with ischemic heart disease standard for all stages of rehabilitation is suggested. It is based on the rate with which the program of treatment is fulfilled and on the determination of the clinico-functional parameters and the physiological reaction of the patient during rehabilitation. The classification was tested on 98 patients with macrofocal myocardial infarction (average age 53.5 years) who underwent a successive rehabilitation program at the inpatient, sanatoria, out patient stages with a subsequent two-year follow-up as out-patients after they had resumed working. The classification proved sufficiently informative in regard to the prognostication of the restoration of working capacity and the character of the course taken by ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7373984 TI - [Interrelationship of cardiac output and myocardial contractility]. AB - On examination of 56 persons, 4 were found to have no abnormalities of the cardiovascular system, in all of the others the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease was confirmed. The cardiac output was determined by means of a thermodiluter. The stroke work index, the total peripheral resistance, and the segmental contraction of the left-ventricular wall were calculated. Changes in the stroke volume in response to a stress test, left ventriculography, were studied. It was found that changes in the stroke volume do not correlate with the clinical and coronarographic manifestations of the disease and the condition of the contractility of segments of the left-ventricular wall in the absence of clinical symptoms of circulatory insufficiency. The trend of stroke volume changes recorded during the stress test showed a dependence on the volume and degree of left-ventricular asynergy. Changes in the stroke volume were determined by the initial value of the cardiac output. High sensitivity of the left ventricular function curve in detecting dysfunction of the left ventricle as well stroke volume-total peripheral resistance feedback were revealed. PMID- 7373983 TI - [Evaluation criteria for load tests with ischemic heart disease patients with intact coronary arteries and with ones affected by arteriosclerosis]. AB - Examination of 65 patients with ischemic heart disease (61 males and 4 females) whose ages ranged from 29 to 59 was conducted. Selective coronarography demonstrated stenosing atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries in 34 patients and intact coronary vessels in 31. Correlation analysis of the exercise tolerance value depending on the degree of the overall affection of the heart arteries revealed a reverse dependence (r = -0.68) between these indices. The criterion for discontinuing exercise tolerance tests on a bicycle ergometer in patients with involvement of the coronary arteries in atherosclerosis were changes in the ECG in 67.6% and an attack of angina pectoris in 85,3% of cases. In the group of individuals with intact coronary vessels and positive exercise tolerance test 41.7% had changes on the ECG and 79,6% had an attack of angina. It is shown that in patients with ischemic heart disease whose coronary arteries are intact or involved in atherosclerosis, angina pectoris is more sensitive as a criterion of myocardial ischemia than the changes on the ECG. PMID- 7373986 TI - [Methodological aspects of contrast echocardiography]. AB - Contrast echocardiography was applied in the examination of 38 patients with various congenital and acquired heart diseases. The dye cardiogreen and physiological saline solution were used as the contrast medium. The technique of contrast echocardiography is described. It is shown that the method of contrast echocardiography allows one to visualize the direction in which the intracardiac streams of blood move, which makes it possible to use the method in the diagnosis of septal defects and cardiac valve insufficiency. PMID- 7373985 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular function in ischemic heart disease by systolic phase structure and echocardiographic indices]. AB - The article describes poly- and echocardiographic examination of the ejection fraction, the mean contraction rate of the perimetric fiber of the left ventricle, the total tension period, the period of left ventricular ejection, and the tension period to ejection period ratio. The results obtained in a group of 17 healthy individuals were compared with the findings in patients with angina pectoris who were divided into 2 groups, one without any serious changes in the coronarogram (19) and the other with pathological changes in the coronary arteries (18). In patients with an abnormal coronarogram, the ejection fraction, the rate of contraction of the perimetric fiber, and the ejection period were considerably reduced. These values showed no significant changes in patients with a normal coronarogram. The ECG data correlated well with the systolic phase structure. PMID- 7373987 TI - [Diagnostic potentials of echocardiography and ultrasonic scanning in ischemic heart disease]. AB - Single-chamber echocardiography and B-scanning provide for evaluation of the local and total left ventricular function in patients with ischemic heart disease. In cases with zones of asynergy, B-scanning may be applied for quantitative evaluation of left ventricular volumes, the diagnosis of left ventricular aneurysm, appraisal of the extent of the zone of myocardial affection, and the contraction geometry and overall function of the left ventricle; the data yielded by echocardiography in the M-method are less accurate and less reliable. PMID- 7373988 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of the mitral valve prolapse syndrome]. AB - The work discusses the results of the examination of 108 patients with the syndrome of mitral valve prolapse encountered in the presence of various diseases (cardiomyopathy, acquired heart diseases, ischemic heart disease, pericarditis, etc.). The methods for the diagnosis of this syndrome are discussed: electro- phono-, echocardiography, radiography of the heart, and ventriculography. The clinical manifestations of the syndrome are analyzed. PMID- 7373989 TI - [Comparison of the circulatory reaction to physical load in children and adults (based on echocardiography data)]. PMID- 7373990 TI - [Comparison of corrected orthogonal leads with standard ones using the Minnesota code criteria]. AB - Three corrected orthogonal leads are compared with 12 standard ECG leads. The method of restoration of the leads was used by means of which 12 standard leads are first restored from 3 corrected leads after which a diagnosis is made separately from the natural and the restored leads. To reduce the effect of subjectivism to the minimum, the Minnesota code criteria was used in the diagnosis. The ECG of 153 patients with ischemic heart disease and post infarction cardiosclerosis and the ECG of 50 practically healthy individuals were anlayzed. The analysis showed that the diagnosis of cicatricial changes consequent upon infarction of the anterior myocardial wall according to restored leads was inferior by 6.6% to the diagnosis made from the 12 natural leads; the diagnosis of infarction of the posterior wall of the left ventricular myocardium as well as of infarction of anteroposterior localization may be made with the same precision as when made from 12 standard leads. PMID- 7373991 TI - [Central hemodynamic indices studied by use of a tetrapolar variant of integral rheography of the human body]. AB - Integral rheography is conducted by M. I. Tishchenko's method by means of bipolar rheographs which do not ensure accurate reading of the values which form the formula for determining the stroke volume. A modification of the method is suggested with the use of a tetrapolar diagram of impedance measurement and a technically perfect PPG-202 device with a widened range of measurement of the resistance of the object being studied, which ensures accurate impedance reading and stable calibration. To study the possibilities of the method, comparative investigations by means of the echocardiography and thermodilution methods and by means of the bipolar variant of integral rheography were conducted. The results of the investigations bear evidence that the method described is sufficiently accurate for studying central hemodynamics in the clinic and in the prehospital stage of management of the patients. PMID- 7373992 TI - [Extracellular fluid compartment in patients with a varying course of acute myocardial infarct]. AB - It is shown that the main trend of changes in water homeostasis in complicated myocardial infarction consists in the development of intercellular hypohydration. Three variants of cardiogenic shock are distinguished: (a) normovolemic shock with intercellular hypohydration; (b) hypovolemic shock with intercellular hypohydration; (c) hypovolemic shock without intercellular hypohydration. Acute congestive cardiac insufficiency in most patients occurs without an increase in the volume of interstitial fluid. Approximately 12% of these patients have a reduced volume of circulating plasma. A syndrome of intercellular hyperhydration develops in the presence of satisfactory hemodynamics on the 3rd day after electrical defibrilation in individuals restored to life after clinical death. The VCP/VIF coefficient may serve as an index of the transcapillary flow of fluid and may be used in determining the indications for infusion therapy. PMID- 7373993 TI - [Change in the blood coagulating properties during ergometry in ischemic heart disease]. AB - During ergometric examination of 92 patients with ischemic heart disease and 35 healthy individuals blood coagulation was studied by recording thromboelastograms and electrocoagulograms and determining blood platelet aggregation, fibrinolytic activity and levels of fibrinogen and free heparin in blood. In 65 patients these values in ergometry were determined after treatment with obsidan. It was shown that during physical load there is an intensification of hypercoagulation processes embracing all phases of blood coagulation with simultaneous activation of anticoagulation mechanisms; in contrast to healthy individuals patients with ischemic heart disease are marked by prevalent hypercoagulation. Shifts in the system of blood coagulation depend on the volume of physical load. Heparin and fibrinolytic activity increases up to a certain load level, but when this is surpassed hypercoagulation processes prevail. This may be used as an additional criterion in determining the level of the training regimen in physical rehabilitation of patients. PMID- 7373994 TI - [Risk of ischemic heart disease development in 45- to 59-year-old men. The results of a 5-year observation in the Kaunas population study]. AB - The possibility of prognosticating the development of ischemic heart disease in persons clinically healthy in respect of this illness was studied. The data on 1,977 males were used, among whom, according to the registers of myocardial infarction and deaths, 34 had suffered from ischemic heart disease in a follow-up period of 5 years. The prognosis was made on the basis of logistic function and the following 6 signs: age, systolic pressure, cholesterol content, smoking, blood sugar level, body mass index. In the upper decile of the assessment of the probability of ischemic heart disease development, 47% of cases with this disease were encountered, i. e. 10% of clinically healthy individuals were distinguished among whom the risk of the development of ischemic heart disease was 8 times that among the remaining persons (0.081 and 0.01, respectively). PMID- 7373995 TI - [Leukocyte carboxylic esterases in healthy persons and in ischemic heart disease patients]. AB - The esterase activity of blood leukocytes was studied in 77 practically healthy individuals and in patients suffering from atherosclerosis with the clinical picture of ischemic heart disease. It is shown that the esterase activity of blood leukocytes is significantly reduced in patients with ischemic heart disease. Activation of esterase in leucocytes under the effect of heparin and adrenalin is less in healthy persons 45--65 years of age and in patients with ischemic heart disease than in healthy persons aged 20--30. PMID- 7373996 TI - [Intermittent disturbances of the atrial electrical activation in noncoronarogenic heart lesions]. AB - The work discusses the results obtained in studying intermittent disorders of electrical activation of the atria by recording intracavitary "local" electrograms and additionally augmented ECG from the body surface of 42 patients with noncoronarogenic heart lesions. In 18 patients the intermittent changes in the atrial complex were due to impaired function of the sinus node and disturbance of sinoatrial conduction. In 12 patients functional block of the atrial conduction pathways was revealed, in 8 of them the rhythm was not changed, whereas in 4 the block was attended by Wenckebach's phenomenon. For correct diagnosis it is advisable to record "local" atrial electrograms or P wave of an additionally augmented ECG from the body surface. PMID- 7373997 TI - [Hemodynamic characteristics in hypertension]. PMID- 7373998 TI - [Blood circulation in unilateral chronic pyelonephritis in the postoperative period]. PMID- 7373999 TI - [Information value of Soviet and foreign sources on cardiology]. PMID- 7374000 TI - [Cordarone treatment of parasystole]. AB - Cordarone was used in the treatment of 15 patients with various forms of parasystole. There were 9 cases with ventricular and 5 with atrial parasystole. Cordarone was prescribed according to the following schedule: 200 mg three times daily for the first 10 days and 200 mg twice daily in the next 20 days. A clear positive effect was produced in 14 patients. In 13 cases parasystoles disappeared on the first to tenth day of treatment. The number of parasystoles reduced considerably in one case. The drug had no positive effect on one patient. PMID- 7374001 TI - [Diagnostic significance of a change in the contractile function of the interventricular septum in ischemic heart disease (based on echocardiographic data)]. AB - Echocardiography was conducted in 169 patients with ischemic heart disease (atherosclerotic and postinfarction cardiosclerosis, angina pectoris, unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction) to determine the diagnostic importance of changes in the contractile function of the interventricular septum (IVS). It is shown that no essential changes in IVS contractility detectable by echocardiography are encountered in patients with ischemic heart disease in a period clear of exacerbation. During an attack of angina pectoris, a decrease of the mean normalized rate of IVS systolic displacement is recorded, which suggests indirectly a lesion of the left anterior descending artery. IVS contractile function increases in the pre-infarction period, which is a compensatory reaction to the changes in the contractile function of the left ventricle. PMID- 7374002 TI - [Importance of corrected electro- and vectorcardiogram leads for the expertise of the work capacity of ischemic heart disease patients]. AB - The bioelectrical activity of the heart was studied in 126 patients with ischemic heart disease according to the data of corrected orthogonal electro- and vectorcardiogram from the standpoint of employing the findings in expert medical assessment of the working capacity of patients with this disease. Advantages of the vectorcardiogram in the diagnosis of the initial forms of ischemic heart disease and cicatricial myocardial lesions were shown. The results obtained provide evidence that the use of the vectorcardiogram contributes in some cases to the precise diagnosis and, therefore, to the proper solution of the problems of the working capacity of individuals with ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7374003 TI - [Experience with repeated operations in the late periods after aortic prosthesis for coarctation]. AB - Six repeated operations were performed in periods of one and a half to thirteen and a half years after aortic prosthetics in five patients and shunting in the region of the coarctation in one patient. Severe deformity of the prostheses was revealed during the operation in all cases. Total normalization of the correlation between arterial pressure on the upper and lower extremities was achieved in five persons as a result of the operation. The causes of deformities of the prostheses, the peculiarities of the technique of repeated operative interventions, the methods for correcting circulatory disorders and the indications for reoperations are discussed. PMID- 7374004 TI - [Renal hemodynamics in arteriosclerosis and its changes under increased arterial pressure]. AB - Renal hemodynamics were studied in patients suffering from atherosclerosis with predominant localization of the process not in the renal artery (in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease) and with normal or periodically increased arterial pressure (to 160/95 mm Hg). The data obtained were compared with the findings in groups of healthy persons and patients with III stage hypertensive disease. A history of myocardial infarction was the criterion of the presence of atherosclerosis. It was established that the changes progress from age involution to those more pronounced in atherosclerosis and are of a quantitative character; they are of a similar trend. An increase of arterial pressure contributes to deterioration in the blood supply to the kidneys, besides marked quantitative changes (mainly due to increased resistance of the renal vessels) new qualitative shifts occur (increase in the filtration fraction) which aggravate renal hemodynamics and thus contribute to the fixation of the nephrogenic factor in the further development of arterial hypertension. PMID- 7374005 TI - [Arterial pressure level in Moscow schoolchildren 7 to 17 years old]. AB - The first epidemiological study of 7- to 17-year-old schoolchildren by representative randomized sampling was conducted in one of the Moscow distrists to elucidate the distribution of arterial pressure (AP) levels. The examination comprised interviewing the children and filling in questionnaires, count of the pulse rate, thrice-repeated measurement of arterial pressure, determination of weight, and measurement of height. As the results of special thorough instruction of the examiners a standard approach to AP measurement was achieved. The distribution of AP among the child population was studied and the age-sex characteristics of AP in schoolchildren were obtained. The chance character of the selected samples, the sufficient number of investigations, and the relatively high response (88.07%) and the standardized methods of examination allow extrapolation of the results of this sample study to the general totality of schoolchildren of the region. PMID- 7374006 TI - [Effect of different doses and administration conditions of propranolol on heart function and hemodynamics]. AB - It was demonstrated in 12 dog experiments with the use of electromagnetic flowmetry and an automatic system of heart function analysis that a single intravenous injection of propranolol in a dose of 0.1 +/- 0.017 mg/kg causes a negative chrono- and inotropic effect and a moderate hypotensive effect in negligible change in the cardiac output. Repeated injections of propranolol in doses of 0.05 mg/kg to a final dose of 0.2 mg/kg at intervals of 5 min (total dose of 0.4 mg/kg) are not attended by increasing inhibition of cardiac function. In systolic and volume load after intravenous injection of propranolol in a dose of up to 0.4 mg/kg it was found that the heart was capable of providing quite adequate hemodynamics. The features of the regulation of cardiac function under these conditions were determined. PMID- 7374007 TI - [Tissue fibrinolytic activity of different sections of the heart in sympathectomized animals]. AB - In the heart of intact rats aged 6 and 10 weeks the activity of nonenzymatic fibrinolysis was found to be maximum in the auricular tissue. In partly sympathectomized (destruction of 75% of neurons in the ganglia) 10-week-old rats fibrinolytic activity was sharply reduced in the auricular tissue, and in the atrial and ventricular myocardium. The content of the plasminogen activator in all parts of the heart decreased to zero value. In stress situations 50% of the rats die from thrombi in the atrial cavity. In partly sympathectomized 10-week old rats (characterized by restoration of peripheral sympathetic innervation) the studied parameteres were normalized. The fibrinolytic potential of the heart tissue was markedly decreased in totally sympathectomized rats (destruction of more than 99.5% of the neurons); under the effect of stress 80% of these animals died. PMID- 7374008 TI - [Effect of excessive saccharose administration on the metabolic processes in the liver of rabbits limited in movement]. AB - The administration of saccharose (3 g per 1 kg mass for 2 months) intensified changes encountered in hypokinesia. There was a more marked increase in the content of cholesterol, pre-beta- and beta-lipoproteins, phospholipids, and glycosaminoglycans in the blood. At the same time, the administration of saccharose improved the course of metabolic processes in the liver of immobilized rabbits, restored to normal levels the reduced glycogen level, the rate of glycolysis, and the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids and their discharge in the cystic bile. PMID- 7374009 TI - [Antithrombin III level on the intravenous injection of tissue thromboplastin and heparin to rats with depressed blood anticoagulating system function due to an atherogenic diet]. AB - Rats with depressed function of the blood anticoagulation system due to an atherogenic diet had a slightly reduced level of antithrombin III by the sixth month of the diet as compared to the indices of control animals. Intravenous injection of tissue thromboplastin revealed delayed and incomplete binding of thrombin by antithrombin III in the experimental animals, which was characterized by only an insignificant decrease in the level of the inhibitor as compared to its change in control animals kept under similar experimental conditions. Preliminary intravenous injection of small doses of heparin into animals with depressed function of the anticoagulation system and low level of heparin in blood stimulates and promotes the binding of thrombin by antithrombin III under conditions of increased thrombinogenesis following intravenous injection of tissue thromboplastin. PMID- 7374010 TI - [Blood coagulability and heart activity on intravenous thrombin administration]. AB - It was shown in dog experiments that intravenous infusion of 30 and 70 U/kg of thrombin leads to the development of a short-term hypercoagulation phase which is replaced by long-term hypocoagulation and marked stimulation of fibrinolysis. An electrocardiogram provides evidence that after the infusion of 70 U/kg of thrombin acute ischemic disorders of coronary circulation develop in the dogs and remain for 3 days. The authors contend that the appearance of high doses of thrombin in the vascular channel is not a physiological reaction. PMID- 7374011 TI - [Activity of carboxylic esterases and their isoenzymes in the blood serum in ischemic heart disease]. AB - An examination was conducted of 257 patients with ischemic heart disease and 134 practically healthy individuals. Total esterase activity decreases with age in healthy individuals. In patients with ischemic heart disease, total esterase activity as well as the activity of all six isoenzymes is diminished. Total esterase activity is lower in practically healthy young persons whose parents have ischemic heart disease than in healthy persons of the same age whose heredity is not aggravated by ischemic heart disease. Additional isoenzymes (cholinesterases) were detected in some patients suffering from ischemic heart disease and with aggravating heredity. PMID- 7374012 TI - [Content of nicotinamide coenzymes, metabolites and the NAD-dependent dehydrogenase activity in the blood in arteriosclerosis]. AB - Study of the key mechanisms, metabolism regulators, showed that in the blood of patients with atherosclerosis the NAD/NAD . N ratio decreases by 59.8% and the NAD+ concentration by 44%, while the NAD . N content increases by 56.7%. In the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide system there is a general tendency tomards accumulation:the concentration of NADP+ grows by 218.6% and that of NADP . N by 12.9%. A marked increase in the content of incompletely oxidized products is determined: lactic acid by 37.4%, alpha-glycerophosphate by 49.8%, dihydroxyacetone phosphate by 155%, oxaloacetate by 131% in the presence of lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activation. The detected changes are evidence of tissue energy debt in atherosclerosis, they reflect the character of metabolic acidosis formation and point to the presence of conditions for intensified liposynthesis. PMID- 7374013 TI - [Change in the width of the preischemic and late myocardial zones]. AB - A new approach to the determination of the boundaries of the preischemic zone and zones compensating for the focal disorders of the contractile activity of the hepart is described. During 30 minutes of inschemia, the width, localization, and intensity of functioning of the borderline and compensation zones changed. On the 15th minute of disturbed coronary blood flow the compensation zone was widest. It consists of 4-5 adjacent myocardial areas with increased active shortening of the heart muscle. The width of the borderline zone is greatest on the 10th and 25th minutes. Myocardial areas located on the boundary of the zones may alter their condition and be now functionally borderline, now functionally remote. PMID- 7374014 TI - Renal disease in familial dysautonomia. AB - A study of renal disease in familial dysautonomia identified excess glomerulosclerosis in 10 or 13 autopsied and biopsied patients. Sympathetic nerve terminals could not be found on renal vessels in biopsied tissue; they were invariably demonstrable in controls. Altered renovascular responsivity to systemic hypotension in familial dysautonomia may lead to ischemia and subsequent sclerosis of glomeruli. Review of 79 living outpatients showed that clinically overt renal disease was rare in familial dysautonomia. Nevertheless, frequent observations of elevations of serum creatinine concentrations (32% of patients) and blood urea concentrations (76% of patients) indicated a high prevalence of abnormality. An association was found between hypotension and renal dysfunction. PMID- 7374015 TI - HLA, atopy, and cyclophosphamide in steroid-responsive childhood nephrotic syndrome. AB - In a study designed to confirm our preliminary report of associations between HLA B12, atopy, and relapse following cyclophosphamide treatment in steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), we again found a higher incidence of HLA B12 in SRNS children (44%) than we did in controls (24%). The association of HLA B12 with short time-to-relapse after cyclophosphamide treatment of SRNS was also confirmed, but that with atopy in SRNS children was not, though we observed a similarly high incidence of atopy in them as before. PMID- 7374016 TI - Need for faculty members in renal research in clinical departments: report of the Scientific Advisory Board of the National Kidney Foundation. AB - To provide an approximate estimate of the need for academic faculty in renal research, 1200 questionnaires were mailed to most departments in all medical schools in the United States. There were 627 completed questionnaires returned from 99 divisions of nephrology, 79 divisions or departments of urology, and 67 divisions of pediatric nephrology or departments of pediatrics in 120 medical schools. Analysis of the responses revealed that in these three departments there are 1057 faculty members engaged in teaching and research related to the kidney and urinary tract, and 131 current vacancies. The responses suggest that from 1979 to 1984 another 483 faculty members will be required to fill projected vacancies in the foregoing three clinical departments, making the total needed 614. PMID- 7374017 TI - Amino acid therapy in the treatment of experimental acute renal failure in the rat. PMID- 7374018 TI - Effect of prostaglandin inhibition on sodium chloride reabsorption in the diluting segment of the conscious dog. PMID- 7374020 TI - Morphologic alterations in the rat medullary collecting duct following potassium depletion. AB - Freeze-fracture and thin-section electron microscopy and morphometry were used to characterize further the response of the rat medullary collecting duct to potassium depletion. In freeze-fracture replicas, principal cells and intercalated cells were identified based on the assumption that intercalated cells possess a high density of rod-shaped intramembrane particles in their luminal membranes. Potassium depletion caused an increase in the relative number of cells with a high density of rod-shaped particles from the control level of 22% to 31% after 2 weeks and to 36% after 4 weeks. The frequency of intercalated cells identified by thin-section criteria was, however, about 35% in controls and unchanged by potassium depletion. This suggests that intercalated cells can have two types of membrane morphology. In potassium depletion, all intercalated cells display a high density of rod-shaped particles in their luminal membranes. In addition, the luminal membrane area of intercalated cells increased more than threefold, and the density of their rod-shaped particles increased by 21%. These observations suggest that the intercalated cell and its rod-shaped particle may be involved with the potassium reabsorption that occurs in this nephron segment with potassium depletion. PMID- 7374019 TI - Parathyroid hormone-mediated aluminum deposition and egress in the rat. AB - Exogenous PTH significantly enhances tissue aluminum concentration in normal rats fed an aluminum-supplemented diet. In this study, we examined the effect of PTH withdrawal on brain and whole carcass aluminum concentrations. Four groups of rats were fed an aluminum diet while receiving injections of PTH for 5 days. On day 5, one group of rats was sacrificed, and the treatment regimen of the remaining groups altered. PTH, the aluminum diet, or PTH and the aluminum diet were withdrawn respectively for an additional 5 days. An additional group of rats was fed the aluminum diet for 10 days. PTH dramatically increased the concentration of aluminum in both brain and carcass above that found in tissues of rats given aluminum alone. Brain and whole carcass aluminum concentrations remained elevated in rats continued on PTH even in the absence of continued supplemental dietary aluminum. In contrast, following PTH withdrawal, brain and whole carcass aluminum concentrations were significantly lower and independent of dietary aluminum. Thus, PTH may be an important mediator of specific tissue aluminum burdens. PMID- 7374022 TI - Separation and quantification of the "middle molecules" in uremia. AB - A modification of a two-stage chromatographic procedure (molecular sieve followed by ion-exchange) to separate potentially toxic uremic "middle molecules" from body fluids has been established. The procedure has an analysis time less than half that previously reported with improved resolution. Elution volumes have been found to be reproducible to within 2% and concentrations (as measured by peak height) to within 10%. Careful attention, however, must be paid to artifacts that may arise from sample preparation, drug therapy, and dialysis conditions. Up to ten identifiable subpeaks were observed in sera, urine, and red cell hemolysate samples following ion-exchange separation of a molecular sieve peak in the middle molecule range (300 to 2000 daltons). Red cell concentrations of five of these moieties were significantly higher than those in serum. Four peaks were not detected at all in red cells, and one peak was not detected in sera or urine samples. In addition, although serum concentrations are elevated in uremia, red cell levels in patients with uremia are comparable with those obtained in normal subjects. If any of these species are subsequently shown to be uremic toxins, then their two-compartment distribution within the body has important ramifications in the choice of an appropriate mathematic model to program optimal dialysis therapy. PMID- 7374021 TI - Electrophysiologic study of the cortical collecting tubule of the rabbit. PMID- 7374023 TI - [Reasons for early postoperative wound complications and methods for their prevention]. PMID- 7374024 TI - [Biomechanical prerequisites for the choice of a rational posture for patients after surgical interventions on the lungs]. PMID- 7374026 TI - [Unity in interpreting the scope of motor regimens in clinical surgical practice]. PMID- 7374025 TI - [Film-forming formulation for treating the surgical field]. PMID- 7374027 TI - [Intensive therapy in suppurative septic processes and bacterial shock]. PMID- 7374028 TI - [Relaparotomy]. PMID- 7374029 TI - [Experience in using the sympatholytic, ornid, in functional obstruction of the intestines in diffuse peritonitis]. PMID- 7374030 TI - [Use of diagnostic abdominal puncture]. PMID- 7374031 TI - [Breast massage in the initial stages of mastitis as 1 of the causes for a severe course of the disease]. PMID- 7374032 TI - [Ultrasonic cavitation of suppurative wounds]. PMID- 7374033 TI - [Effective incisions in paronychia]. PMID- 7374035 TI - [Basic principles of treating local and general surgical infection]. PMID- 7374036 TI - [Thoracoscopy in spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 7374037 TI - [Bronchotomy for the purpose of removing foreign bodies from the bronchi in children]. PMID- 7374034 TI - [Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 7374038 TI - [Use of hydrogen peroxide in bronchoscopic assanation]. PMID- 7374039 TI - [Esophagogastroplasty in nontumourous esophageal diseases]. PMID- 7374040 TI - [Surgical treatment of middle-aged and elderly patients with lung diseases]. PMID- 7374041 TI - [Indices of the destructive and inflammatory process in suppurative surgical infection and severe mechanical trauma]. PMID- 7374042 TI - [Body immunological reactivity indices in experimental, diffuse suppurative peritonitis]. PMID- 7374043 TI - [Absorption of trypsin and its inhibitors from the abdominal cavity in experimental peritonitis]. PMID- 7374044 TI - [Surgical complications in opisthorchiasis]. PMID- 7374045 TI - [Case of Madelung's syndrome]. PMID- 7374046 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolic indices in acute hematogenic osteomyelitis in children]. PMID- 7374047 TI - [Accessory devices for performing general anesthesia in the stomatological polyclinic]. PMID- 7374048 TI - [Prevention of needle clogging during the performance of a biological test]. PMID- 7374049 TI - [Detection of antitissue antibodies in multiple trauma and shock patients]. PMID- 7374050 TI - [Use of carbonic adsorbents in complex treatment of hepatic insufficiency]. PMID- 7374051 TI - [Shock lung]. PMID- 7374053 TI - [Complex evaluation of the state of ischemic liver under the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (experimental study)]. PMID- 7374054 TI - [Autologous blood transfusion in surgical treatment of complicated stomach and duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7374055 TI - [Use of antioxidants in the acute period of burns]. PMID- 7374052 TI - [Cryotherapy of burns]. PMID- 7374056 TI - [Various problems of planning the regional surgical services]. PMID- 7374057 TI - [Organization, conduction and the effectiveness of rehabilitation of patients with burns]. PMID- 7374058 TI - [Errors and hazards of infusion therapy in peritonitis]. PMID- 7374059 TI - [Thromboembolic complications in nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 7374060 TI - [Disorders of the structure and function of the membranes in burns]. PMID- 7374061 TI - [Acute cholecystitis in burns]. PMID- 7374062 TI - [Cortisone-novocaine blockade in diseases of the musculo-skeletal apparatus]. PMID- 7374063 TI - [Vascular clamp with a flexible drive]. PMID- 7374066 TI - [Successful operation in cancer of the extrahepatic biliary tracts]. PMID- 7374064 TI - [Instrument for resection of varicose veins of the limbs]. PMID- 7374067 TI - [Leiomyoma of the stomach and leiomyoma of the jejunum]. PMID- 7374065 TI - [Use of amikin and aminopeptide in complex treatment of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 7374068 TI - [Chondroblastoma of bone]. PMID- 7374069 TI - [Dysgerminoma in incomplete female pseudohermaphroditism]. PMID- 7374071 TI - [Posterior suppurative mediastinitis as a complication of a retropharyngeal abscess]. PMID- 7374070 TI - [Giant lipoma of the scapuloaxillary region]. PMID- 7374072 TI - [Importance of clinical morphological signs for indications to use economical operations in breast cancer]. PMID- 7374074 TI - [Mental disorders in breast cancer and the methods for psychotherapeutic correction]. PMID- 7374073 TI - [Effect of liver diseases on the development of dyshormonal processes of the breasts]. PMID- 7374076 TI - [Extent of surgical interventions in soft tissue sarcomas]. PMID- 7374077 TI - [Clinical characteristics of extraosseous chondrosarcoma of the soft tissues]. PMID- 7374075 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the vena cava inferior]. PMID- 7374078 TI - [Soft odontomas and their treatment]. PMID- 7374080 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of early forms of stomach cancer]. PMID- 7374079 TI - [Clinical and topical diagnosis of Conn's syndrome]. PMID- 7374081 TI - [Late results of the treatment of stomach polyps by various methods]. PMID- 7374082 TI - [Stomach cancer metastasis in its diagnostic and therapeutic procedural aspects]. PMID- 7374084 TI - [Breast cancer recurrences and metastases]. PMID- 7374083 TI - [Pneumocolonography in the diagnosis of exophytic tumors of the large intestine]. PMID- 7374085 TI - [Rectoromanoscopy effectiveness in dispensary examination in the polyclinic]. PMID- 7374086 TI - [Errors in the early diagnosis of primary tumors of the pelvic bones]. PMID- 7374087 TI - [Errors and difficulties in diagnosing malignant tumors of the small intestine]. PMID- 7374088 TI - [X-ray endovascular surgery]. PMID- 7374089 TI - [Treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities with phlebosclerosing preparations]. PMID- 7374090 TI - [Sphincter-preserving operations in extensive rectal resection for cancer]. PMID- 7374091 TI - [Apropos of G.I. Demidov's article. "The Classification of Peritonitis" (by way of discussion) (Khrirugiia No. 8, 1977)]. PMID- 7374092 TI - [Calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis. Frequency, pathogenesis, and consecutive renal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7374093 TI - Effects of chronic alpha and beta adrenoceptor blockade with labetalol on plasma catecholamines and renal function in hypertension. AB - Plasma catecholamines and renal function were evaluated in 18 patients with essential hypertension treated with the alpha and beta adrenoceptor blocking agent, labetalol. Following 6 weeks of labetalol therapy, blood levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine remained unaltered. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were decreased similarly by about 20% (P less than 0.025). Tubular rejection fraction of sodium was increased by 36% (P less than 0.001) while sodium excretion was comparable to control conditions. Labetalol's potential to cause a mild reduction in kidney function should be considered, but may have no clinical consequences in most hypertensive patients receiving such treatment. The lack of increased plasma catecholamine levels during therapy supports the concept that labetalol's alpha-blocking potential is limited to post junctional receptors, leaving the prejunctional feedback control of catecholamine release intact. Moreover, labetalol's blood pressure-lowering mechanism may be largely independent of changes in sympathetic nervous activity. PMID- 7374094 TI - Malignant histiocytosis. Clinical findings and therapy. AB - Diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis (MH) was confirmed in 16 patients. Stage at diagnosis was I-II in nine, and III-IV in seven patients. Porr prognosis and "B", symptoms were correlated to advanced stages. Bone marrow biopsy proved most useful to verify organ involvement. Scintigraphy and computerized tomography, too, detected organ involvement in some patients and were helpful for judging response to therapy. Relapses after radiotherapy were frequent. Polychemotherapy using "CHOP"-combination is recommended for most patients and may in stages I-II be supplemented by primary or secondary involved or extended field irradiation and in more advanced stages by mainbulk-irradiation. The value of prophylactic CNS-therapy remains controversial. Pathophysiological aspects and differential diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 7374095 TI - [Reciprocal changes of triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine in the early stage of myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - The changes of thyroid hormones and TSH in plasma of males in the early stage of myocardial infarction are described. Already on admission T3 was diminished and went on falling. On admission rT3 was elevated and reached its maximum after 19 hours. T4 and TSH did not show essential alterations. The results suggest that in the early stage of myocardial infarction a rapid shift of the monodeiodination of T4 to rT3 occurs instead of T3 with a quick decrease of T3 and increase of rT3 in the blood. PMID- 7374096 TI - Assessment of various factors influencing esophageal pressure measurement. I. Significance of methodical factors in intraluminal manometry. PMID- 7374097 TI - Assessment of various factors influencing esophageal pressure measurement. II. Significance of physiological factors in intraluminal manometry. AB - In the second part of this study the effect of age, sex, body size, body weight and timing of the manometric examination (morning vs. noon) on esophageal pressure measurement was investigated in a total of 119 healthy subjects, using an electromagnetic microtransducer. Additionally intraindividual variation of pressures was studied over a period of 6 months. Of these parameters only age influenced upper esophageal sphincter (UES) pressure significantly: The mean UES pressure of younger subjects (20-49 years) was significantly higher (144.4 +/- 8.6 mmHg) compared to that of older subjects (50-80 years) where a mean pressure of 103.4 +/- 7.2 mmHg was recorded (p less than 0.0005). Intraindividual variation of pressures in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was considerable but exceeded only in a few cases the normal pressure range which was defined as M +/- 2 S. The results indicate that age, sex, different body weight and body size do not influence significantly the normal values obtained by a quantitative manometric method. In UES manometry however, the diminished resting pressure in the older patient must be taken into account. PMID- 7374098 TI - Esophageal transmural potential difference in patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux. AB - Esophageal electrical potential difference (PD) was studied in 9 patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux and in 9 healthy control subjects. None of the patients revealed gross mucosal damage by radiography or endoscopy, but all of them showed positive acid perfusion studies. In the stomach and across the lower esophageal sphincter PD profiles were remarkably similar in patients and controls. Throughout the lower esophagus however, PD values were slightly higher in patients with symptomatic reflux than in healthy volunteers. These data are in contrast to a previous investigation, in which patients with reflux-induced gross mucosal damage revealed a decreased PD in the lower esophagus. Thus it is concluded that PD measurements of the lower esophagus do not appear to be a valuable test in the differentiation of chest pain of cardiac and esophageal origin. PMID- 7374100 TI - Regulation of pancreatic and gallbladder function by absorption of intrajejunal phenylalanine in man. AB - The effects of varying loads of intraduodenal phenylalanine on pancreatic and gallbladder function were investigated in 32 healthy volunteers using a triple lumen perfusion system. L-phenylalanine absorption rates in the proximal jejunum were measured simultaneously. Intraduodenal L-phenylalanine produced a dose related increase in pancreatic secretion reaching the maximum at the concentration of 100 mM. Bilirubin outputs too increased significantly but did not parallel enzyme secretion. In contrast to the effect of L-phenylalanine, D phenylalanine 50 mM did not stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion and gallbladder emptying. The absorption rates of L-phenylalanine increased with rising luminal concentrations. There was a significant correlation between pancreatic secretion and L-phenylalanine absorption rates. This relationship suggests that the release of cholecystokinin, a hormone stimulating pancreatic and biliary function is dependant of the absorption of nutrients like amino acids. PMID- 7374099 TI - The effect of cathartic agents on transmucosal electrical potential difference in the human rectum. AB - Active ion transport in the colon is generating a transmucosal electrical potential difference (PD) of about 40 mV. Cathartic agents inhibit electrolyte and water net-absorption or cause net-secretion which should be reflected in a change of PD. In 83 normal subjects the effect of an isotonic eletrolyte solution (control) and different cathartic agents on rectal PD was tested: Laxatives (bisacodyl, rhein), bile acids (cholic and deoxycholic acid), fatty acids (oleic and ricinoleic acid) and cardiac glycosides (meproscillarin, digitoxin, digoxin). Bisacodyl, deoxycholic acid in high concentration, meproscillarin and digitoxin significantly decreased PD, while the other substances did not. Cathartics act on different transport mechanisms which together with different absorption characteristics of the proximal and distal colon may explain the difference in effecting the PD. Rectal PD measurement provides an easy and convenient tool to document effects of cathartic agents on electrolyte transport, otherwise difficult to obtain, and is applicable for clinical use. PMID- 7374101 TI - Gallstone dissolution with chenodeoxycholic acid. A clinical study. AB - Out of 95 patients with radiolucent gallstones who enrolled in a clinical study with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC) for gallstone dissolution 75 patients with cholecystolithiasis completed 12 months of treatment. As a side effect 31% of patients reported intermittent diarrhea which did not cause cessation of therapy or missing of work. The incidence of biliary colic was markedly decreased during treatment in comparison to the rate in the year before. From more than 20 laboratory values checked before start and every 3 months during therapy only aminotransferases increased up to 3 fold in 20% of patients. gamma-GT elevated in 31% of patients before treatment improved in half of these patients during therapy. Gallstone dissolution defined as 30% or more diminution of the gallstone area on comparable x-rays occurred in 40% of patients. Analysis of factors showed that gallstones above 2 cm in diameter did not dissolve. When the dose of CDC was retrospectively related to body weight a success rate of 68% was found in the group taking more than 13 mg CDC/kg/day. The lithogenic index determined at 6 and 12 months had significantly decreased after 6 months in patients with success. This study demonstrates that medical dissolution of gallstones with chenodeoxycholic acid should be performed in patients with radiolucent stones of less than 2 cm in diameter and with a dose above 13 mg CDC/kg body weight/day. Under these conditions the success rate is above 60% accompanied by minimal side effects. PMID- 7374102 TI - Quantification of gallbladder emptying in man using intestinal perfusion and ultrasonography: a prospective comparison of two methods. PMID- 7374103 TI - Experimental production of possible autoimmune castritis followed by macrocytic anemia in athymic nude mice. AB - A specific gastritis was induced in BALC/c (+/?) mice by thymectomy within 3 days after birth (25 to 45 per cent) or in BALB/c (nu/nu) mice by the injection of spleen cells (10(7)) from neonatally thymectomized mice (70 per cent). Normal peripheral lymphoid cells, irrespective of the sex and dose, were generally ineffective in inducing gastritis in nude mice, while thymus cells were partially effective (30 per cent). The induced gastritis was characterized by a loss of chief and parietal cells and by varying degrees of lymphoid cell infiltration along thickened muscularis mucosa. The fundic mucosa was replaced by mucous necklike immature cells, and there was a rise of pH of the gastric juice. Argyrophilic endocrine cells escaped the inflammation and increased in number. The gastritis induced in nude mice was generally more severe and was often followed by severe macrocytic anemia. Megaloblast-like large immature erythroid cells were numerous in the spleens of affected mice. Antiparietal cell antibodies (IgG) were always demonstrated by an indirect immunofluorescence test in the sera of gastritis-developing mice, but were absent in sera of normal or untreated conventional nude mice. These findings suggest a new animal model of pernicious anemia in man. PMID- 7374104 TI - Retrograde transport and effects of toxic ricin in the autonomic nervous system. PMID- 7374106 TI - Morphologic study of the alveolar septa in normal and edematous isolated dog lungs fixed by vascular perfusion. AB - Established stereologic techniques were used to evaluate isolated perfused dog lungs, fixed via vascular perfusion fixation after acute hydrostatic edema production. The over-all thickness of the air-blood barrier was increased due to swelling of the interstitial compartment. The portion of the air-blood barrier occupied by the surfactant lining layer was, on the other hand, decreased in the edematous lungs. Volume densities of pinocytotic vesicles within the capillary endothelium and alveolar type I epithelium were substantially increased, as was the number of open interendothelial junctions. The respective cytoplasmic volumes occupied by the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex were increased, while those of the osmiophilic lamellar bodies were decreased in the alveolar type II epithelial cells. The surface densities of the alveoli and alveolar capillaries were increased slightly in the edematous lungs. These results are consonant with the hypothesis that interstitial fluid accumulation and alveolar flooding are associated with increased numbers of endothelial vesicles and open interendothelial junctions, increased numbers of type I vesicles, depleted lamellar bodies in type II cells, and slight expansion of the alveolar surface. PMID- 7374105 TI - Application of lectins for detection of goblet cell glycoconjugate differences in proximal and distal colon of the rat. AB - Paraffin-embedded mucosal biopsies from proximal and distal colon of male Wistar rats were examined by fluorescence microscopy after labeling with nine fluorescein-conjugated lectins. These were isolated by affinity column chromatography, conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate, and used as specific molecular probes to define the labeling patterns of carbohydrate-containing components of colonic goblet cells at both sites. Differential lectin labeling of goblet cells within the colonic crypts was observed in both regions likely reflecting increasing differentiation of these epithelial cells. Furthermore, marked regional differences in goblet cell mucus labeling were also detected, indicating that the carbohydrate components of these mucosal cells differ significantly between proximal and distal colon of the rat. These regional differences suggest that there are significant differences in the biologic characteristics of colonic mucosa from these two sites. PMID- 7374107 TI - Quantitative analysis of human parietal cells after pentagastrin: correlation with gastric potential difference. PMID- 7374109 TI - Bone solubilization by mononuclear cells. AB - Mononuclear cells derived from chicken peripheral blood or from thioglycollate induced mouse peritoneal exudates were found to cause calcium release from devitalized homologous bone in vitro. These mononuclear cells with osteolytic activity were adherent to plastic surfaces and were identified as being macrophages by cell surface markers and histochemical staining. Other mononuclear cells such as chicken thymocytes, nonadherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and chick embryo fibroblasts did not cause bone dissolution. In parallel with the active solubilization of bone mineral, 14C-label was also released from devitalized calvaria prelabeled with 14C-proline. Macrophages, inactivated by repeated freezing and thawing as well as those cultured in the presence of iodoacetate, did not solubilize bone in vitro. The degree of bone solubilization was directly related to the numbers of macrophages per culture as well as the duration of the culture period. Powdered devitalized homologous bone was used in most experiments, but macrophages were also able to solubilize bone material in vitro from devitalized calvaria and bone slabs. The addition of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide to cultures of bone and macrophages significantly increased the levels of calcium released from bone. The addition of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin had no effect on macrophage-mediated bone dissolution. These results suggest that viable macrophages have osteolytic activity and that this activity is modulated by an inflammatory mediator, endotoxin. PMID- 7374108 TI - Intrarenal microaneurysms in diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 7374110 TI - Gap junction proliferation in retinoic acid-treated human basal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7374111 TI - Atypical cysts, acquired renal cystic disease, and renal cell tumors in end stage dialysis kidneys. AB - Hyperplasia and tumors of epithelium are found in "end stage" dialysis kidneys. Epithelial hyperplasia is most conspicuous within "atypical cysts" in which the lining cells are multilayered and occasionally papillary. These features were studied in the kidneys of 66 renal failure patients by means of multiple tissue blocks and serial histologic sections. Atypical cysts were observed in 20 of the 66 cases. Solid or cystic renal cell adenomas were found in nine cases. Six of the cases having adenomas were among the 20 cases having atypical cysts. Tumors occurred in kidneys having atypical cysts, as dintinguished from kidneys without such cysts, with a frequency greater than would be expected to be due to chance alone (P = 0.0106). Renal cell adenomas are found at a younger age in dialysis patients (mean = 41.2 years) than in a control group of autopsies and surgical cases that had not received chronic dialysis (mean = 61.8 years). These observations provide histologic evidence that renal cell neoplasms are prone to develop in relatively young renal failure patients when their uremia is treated by long term dialysis. The studies further indicate that the stimulus for neoplastic growth accompanies a cystic transformation of the kidneys. Kidneys in five cases in the series, although much smaller than normal, were grossly multicystic, corresponding to the recently recognized acquired renal cystic disease. Hyperplastic cells, like those observed in atypical cysts, were present focally along the cyst walls. This form of epithelial hyperplasia, common to both atypical cysts and the multicystic dialysis kidney, may give rise to the renal cell tumors that are reported to occur with increased frequency in acquired cystic disease. PMID- 7374112 TI - A retrospective study of twenty-nine spinal tumours in the dog and cat. PMID- 7374113 TI - Odontoid process dysplasia in a dog. PMID- 7374114 TI - Time series analysis of human foetal breathing activity at 30-39 weeks gestation. AB - Thirty-one healthy human fetuses were each observed with a real-time scanner continuously for 24 h. The percentage of time spent breathing was computed for each 5 min observation period during the 24 h which produced a time series of 288 observations for each fetus. Box-Jenkins modelling techniques and analysis of frequency spectrum distribution were used to quantify mathematically the human fetal breathing data. The data was described mathematically by a first-order auto regression z(t)=0.7 z(t-1) + epsilon(t) which confirmed and quantified the episodic nature of foetal breathing activity. Evaluation of the spectral distribution of the fetal breathing movements identified a significant band of pseudo-periodic components with repeat periods ranging from 100 to 500 min (P less than 0.001). Results of this study indicated that the occurrence of fetal breathing movements were non-random and that Box-Jenkins modelling results and spectral power distribution may be useful in identification and description of any fetal breathing patterns which differ from normal patterns. PMID- 7374115 TI - The detection of preclinical coronary artery disease in male subjects using the omnigram. AB - The segregation of seemingly similar electrocardiogram data into two mutually exclusive classes can be achieved with a non-invasive procedure. Specifically, the problem of separating the electrocardiograms of preclinical-coronary subjects from those who are truly normal has been studied. In the current approach, the standard EKG waveform in its conventional linear format is transformed into a non linear closed display, greatly improving the degree of visual perceptibility. In addition, specific non-dimensionalized parameters of the EKG waveform are extracted to produce a multivector spatial representation. The analysis of 129 cases indicates that this new technique results in a significantly higher degree of detection of preclinical coronary artery disease than current clinical methods. A prototype of a clinical system utilizing the output of an electrocardiograph has been developed for performing this analysis. PMID- 7374116 TI - Continuous tissue pH measurement in critically ill adults with a miniaturised glass electrode. AB - A continuously reading subcutaneous pH electrode has been developed which gives relatively stable readings when applied to any well perfused part of the body. The results obtained with this electrode have been compared with the actual pH of the arterial blood measured by conventional methods. Thirty patients were studied and one hundred and sixty three observations were made. The correlation coefficient (r) between tissue pH (pHt) and arterial pH (pHa) was 0.76 (P less than 0.01). The response time of the electrode in vitro was less than one minute and, in vivo, stabilization of the recording occurred in less than three minutes. It was found that the discrepancy between pHa and pHt gave a good indication of the adequacy of tissue perfusion. PMID- 7374117 TI - Simple kinematic gait measurements. AB - Simple kinematic gait measurement equipment was developed providing fast and inexpensive clinical gait analysis. Such a simple system can be used as a stand alone clinical gait analyser, or as an accessory for measurements whose results are not sufficiently weighted statistically, such as TV, Selspot, force plate. Time, distance and velocity parameters are included in the clinical gait analysis. Time parameters (step and stride time, swing and stance phase) are measured via easily attachable foot-switches. Analog and digital versions were developed to analyse distance (stride and step length) and velocity (instantaneous velocity of centre of gravity) parameters. With the analog device the velocity is measured by tachometer and distance by potentiometer, while using digital methods, both parameters can be obtained from an optical transducer. PMID- 7374118 TI - A versatile SAMI--a self contained digital heart beat counter. AB - The existing SAMI's (Socially acceptable monitoring instruments) as used for monitoring the variations in physiological parameters were considered to have certain drawbacks, such as trigger level adjustments and the need for frequent contact with the clinician/investigator. In the present system these drawbacks have been overcome by incorporating an automatic gain control into the circuitry and by using CMOS devices. PMID- 7374120 TI - A method of determining some non-standard Laplace transformations. AB - The following paper describes a method whereby awkward mathematical expressions may be manipulated into their respective Laplace transforms. The paper describes several examples and the methods of dealing with such expressions. PMID- 7374119 TI - Portable aversion therapy stimulator. PMID- 7374121 TI - Electropalatography: thermo-formed pseudopalates and the use of three-dimensional display. AB - Electropalatography provides a method of recording contact of the tongue against the palate; this has valuable potential in linguistics, phonetics, speech therapy, oral physiology and dentistry. The application of the technique has been limited by the time required to produce a plate (pseudopalate) carrying electrodes for each person studied. The bulk of an acrylic plate also imposes some interference with speech. A simple, relatively fast, method of producing very thin plates is described. The use of models to provide three-dimensional display is illustrated and the value of slow speed play-back of data is discussed. PMID- 7374122 TI - Computer control of blood and drug infusions in patients following cardiac surgery. PMID- 7374123 TI - Tibial lengthening apparatus with distractive load measuring and recording instrumentation. PMID- 7374124 TI - Pedobarographic study of gait. AB - The use of a pedobarograph for gait studies offer a rapid method to obtain instantaneous, two-dimensional images of foot-loading, which can be made available immediately to the clinician for qualitative inspection. The system can also produce quantitative results with a dynamic bandwidth sufficient for the study of most features of load transference. Although the linearity and resolution of force level may be inferior to that obtained by other methods, the spatial resolution is superior. PMID- 7374125 TI - Comparison of the effects of intramedullary nailing or plating on the mechanical properties of fracture callus. AB - Twelve metatarsal sheep bones were osteotomized and fixed either with an intramedullary nail or with a standard plate without compression. The mechanical properties of the callus were assessed three months post-operatively using a bending test. Ultimate bending strength, tangential stress, energy to tailure, stiffness and moment of inertia were measured or computed with the recorded data. It was concluded that the nailing technique improved callus properties more than plating. For the 12 weeks of consolidation, the mechanical properties of the callus at this stage have been ascribed to the degree of mineralization. PMID- 7374126 TI - The conditions of mitral valve closure. AB - Due to inertia of the mitral blood flow the closure of the mitral valve is delayed for a certain time after the atrioventricular pressure cross over. This delay is investigated by means of dimensional analysis. A nondimensional number occurring in this analysis is taken from a reported dog experiment and the analysis is then used to determine the conditions of mitral valve closure in man, both during rest and during exercise. The results show that rather high ventricular pressures are obtained during exercise before the mitral valve closes. PMID- 7374127 TI - Effects of regional hypercalcemia on gastric acid secretion. PMID- 7374128 TI - The effect of small infarcts and carotid endarterectomy on postoperative psychologic test performance. PMID- 7374129 TI - Radioxenon washout for the diagnosis of low-flow mesenteric ischemia. PMID- 7374130 TI - Alterations in calf blood flow following profundaplasty. PMID- 7374131 TI - Effect of renal decapsulation on cortical hemodynamics in the postischemic kidney. PMID- 7374132 TI - Small bowel neomucosa. PMID- 7374134 TI - Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis: a specific lesion of Trousseau's syndrome. PMID- 7374133 TI - Failure of auscultation and echocardiography to detect prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis. PMID- 7374135 TI - A cold night in Bogota. PMID- 7374136 TI - Our ideals of progress: let's make them radiate. PMID- 7374137 TI - Where AMA stands on the issues. PMID- 7374138 TI - OB-G and the SVMIC. PMID- 7374139 TI - Medical Grand Rounds--Unstable angina pectoris. PMID- 7374140 TI - Disrupted family rituals; a factor in the intergenerational transmission of alcoholism. AB - When one or both parents in a family are alcoholics, their children are more likely to become alcoholics if family rituals--surrounding dinner time, evenings, holidays, weekends, vacations and visitors--are disrupted during the period of heaviest parental drinking. PMID- 7374141 TI - Social determinants of adolescent drinking; what they think, what they do and what I think and do. AB - Four social determinants (parental and peer modeling, parental and peer norms) were studied for their effects on adolescents' norms, preferences and reported drinking behavior. PMID- 7374142 TI - Self-rating of alcohol intoxication by young men with and without family histories of alcoholism. AB - Young men with close relatives with alcoholism rated themselves less intoxicated than did controls without family histories of alcoholism, despite comparable BACs. PMID- 7374143 TI - Effects of intoxication levels and drinking pattern on social anxiety in men. AB - Physiological and observational measures of social anxiety after alcohol consumption showed significant dose-related effects, but self-report measures were insensitive to such effects. PMID- 7374144 TI - Effects of alcohol and instigator intent on human aggression. AB - Intoxicated subjects were more aggressive toward their instigator than were placebo or nondrinking subjects, whether instigator intent was neutral or malicious. PMID- 7374145 TI - Aggression and barroom environments. AB - Systematic observation of a wide variety of Vancouver barrooms showed that aggression was highly predictable on the basis of situational variables and identified a drinking environment highly associated with aggression. PMID- 7374146 TI - Leisure behavior and attitudes toward leisure of alcoholics and nonalcoholics. AB - Alcoholics participated in fewer leisure activities than did nonalcoholics except that white-collar alcoholics participated in more leisure activities than did white-collar nonalcoholics. Alcoholics viewed leisure less positively than did nonalcoholics. PMID- 7374147 TI - Alcoholics' perception of the internal--external locus of their drinking problem. PMID- 7374148 TI - Women alcoholics; a typological description using the MMPI. AB - The mean profile of a group of woman alcoholics was almost identical to that of a group of men alcoholics studied previously, the highest T-scores being on the D and Pd scales. In the five types of women identified, character disturbances were prominent in three and neurotic problems in two. PMID- 7374149 TI - Nature and sequence of neuropsychological deficits in alcoholics. AB - On the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Halstead--Reitan neuropsychological test battery, alcoholics were more impaired than patients with functional diagnoses and resembled patients with organic brain damage. PMID- 7374150 TI - Cognitive behavior therapy in groups for alcoholics; a preliminary report. PMID- 7374151 TI - "Indianism" and MMPI scores of men alcoholics. AB - Mean MMPI profiles of 40 Indian and 40 White veterans were similar, but "Indianism," as measured by the Indian Culturalization Test, was significantly related to scores on Hs, Hy, Pt and Sc scales. Caution is advised in using the MMPI in the diagnosis of Indians' psychiatric problems. PMID- 7374152 TI - Recovery of cognitive skills in alcoholics. PMID- 7374153 TI - Rehabilitation of alcoholics and drug addicts; an experimental approach. PMID- 7374154 TI - Improvement of hepatic dearterialization: a case report. AB - Dearterialization of the liver causes necrosis of primary liver tumors or metastases, because their blood supply is largely arterial. The normal liver tissue remains vital after a period of ischemia if the portal vein is intact. A patient with a carcinoid syndrome due to liver metastases is described. It was found that it is difficult to achieve complete dearterialization of the liver. Rather, preoperative and particularly peroperative angiograms are required to ensure the best possible degree of dearterialization. PMID- 7374155 TI - Tumor antigens as related to pancreatic cancer. AB - Data are presented suggesting the presence of pancreas tumor-associated antigens. Slow progress has been made during the past few years in the identification of pancreatic tumor antigens that may be of clinical usefulness and it seems unlikely that many of the practical problems now being faced in identification and isolation of these antigens and in development of a specific, sensitive assay will be solved by conventional immunochemical approaches. The study of antigen and/or antibody purified from immune complexes in the host and the application of leukocyte adherence inhibition techniques to immunodiagnosis of pancreatic cancer are among the new approaches that may provide effective alternatives in the study of pancreatic tumor antigens. PMID- 7374156 TI - Fibrosarcoma of the colon. AB - Fibrosarcomas of the colon are extremely rare. This is the report of a patient with fibrosarcoma of the transverse colon who had perforation and peritonitis. PMID- 7374157 TI - Breast cancer metastasis and lymph node lymphocyte-macrophage interaction. AB - A lymphocyte-macrophage interaction, known as the lymphocyte clustering phenomenon, was studied in axillary lymph node preparations from 27 breast cancer patients. The study was carried out in primary tissue cultures of lymph nodes and the lymphocyte-macrophage interactions were quantitated with respect to cancer positive and cancer negative axilla. The results indicate that there is a significantly higher (p less than 0.025) lymphocyte-macrophage interaction in negative node preparations from negative axilla of infiltrating ductal carcinoma patients. This new approach to lymph node lymphocyte evaluation may provide assistance in determining the extent of the disease process. PMID- 7374158 TI - Morbidity and mortality after surgery in patients with disseminated or locally advanced cancer receiving systemic chemotherapy. AB - All postoperative complications and mortality were analyzed in a diverse group of patients operated upon by the authors during a ten-year period. These patients shared only two common factors: 1) known locally advanced or disseminated cancer, and 2) systemic chemotherapy within three weeks (either pre- or postoperatively) of major surgery. One hundred eighty-six operations were performed on 175 patients. The overall mortality in this series was 2.2% (four patients), with a complication rate of 5.9% (11 patients). Despite the known detrimental effects of widespread cancer and cytotoxic agents on wound healing, appropriate surgical intervention can be accomplished with an acceptable mortality and morbidity in patients with locally advanced or disseminated cancer who are receiving systemic chemotherapy. PMID- 7374160 TI - Liver scanning in newly diagnosed breast carcinoma. AB - The records of 111 consecutive cases of carcinoma of the breast were reviewed and yielded 66 patients who had undergone liver scanning and determination of the serum alkaline phosphatase (alk p'tase), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). Four of the 66 patients (6.1%) had a focal defect on the liver scan. Two of those two had normal enzymes and two had at least one enzyme elevation. The two with normal enzymes have enjoyed prolonged disease-free survivals. The two with an elevated enzyme have both expired due to metastatic disease. No correlation could be found between the number of involved axillary nodes at surgery and the risk of having a focal defect on the liver scan. This study suggests that routine radionuclide liver scanning in the perimastectomy period does not add useful information in the face of normal alk p'tase, LSH, and SGOT. PMID- 7374159 TI - Lymph node dissection in malignant melanoma. AB - Regional node dissection was performed in 120 patients with malignant melanoma. Patients with clinically negative nodes had a 90% survival, whereas patients with enlarged nodes had a 15% survival. In 45 inguinal dissections, usually associated with a high morbidity, there was only a 4.5% incidence of infection and a 6.5% incidence of skin edge necrosis. For all types of node dissection, the overall incidence of wound infection was 5.8%, and that of necrosis of skin edges was 5%. PMID- 7374161 TI - Lobular carcinoma in situ. AB - Lobular carcinoma in situ remains controversial in nomenclature, histology, and therapy. The original description and therapeutic recommendations remain a significant contribution to better control of breast cancer. We believe the sophistication of mammography, not available at the time of the earliest therapeutic recommendations, provides the clinician with a valuable and accurate new diagnostic tool for this disease. The risk factors from this disease entity have been well outlined by McDivitt [1] and others. We believe the patient should permitted to participate in the therapeutic decision after proper education about the risk factors of cancer in the ipsilateral and contralateral breast. Patients have requested bilateral mastectomies; some of these patients then wanted plastic reconstruction. Many others, however, have no such interest. The properly informed and responsible patient who elects to have close observation, with mammograms every six months, we feel has elected an acceptable clinical strategy for this disease. PMID- 7374163 TI - Bilateral hypernephroma with solitary pancreatic metastasis. AB - A case of bilateral renal carcinoma with an uncommon solitary metastasis is presented. Therapeutic rationale is discussed. PMID- 7374162 TI - The effects of endotoxin on CFU-C clonogenic capacity of marrow and spleen cells from RLV-A infected mice. AB - Bacterial endotoxin was used as a granulopoietic stressor in the RLV-A infected mouse as a means of studying the marrow and spleen CFU-C response to this agent. A control group of phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-treated mice was also employed to induce a reduction in hematocrit levels equivalent to that observed in the early and mid stage of the disease course and was used to determine whether the cloning observed was a manifestation of RLV-A disease or could be attributed solely to the resulting anemia. Both RLV-A infected and PHZ marrow from mice maintained at a hematocrit of 40% exhibited similar but higher than normal clonogenic capacities, whereas RLV-A (hematocrit 40%) spleen had an expanded number of CFU C's when compared to PHZ treated (hematocrit 40%) mice. Examination of spleens of endotoxin-treated RLV-A (hematocrit 30%) infected mice indicated a 6 to 7-fold increase in splenic CFU-C numbers compared to endotoxin-treated normal mice. PHZ plus endotoxin-treated normal animals (hematocrit 30%) had splenic CFU-C values which were approximately half those of RLV-A infected (hematocrit 30%) endotoxin treated animals. Results of this experiment suggest a fully operable but greater than normal CFU-C storage pool in the RLV-A infected mouse spleen which does not seem to be due entirely to the anemia. PMID- 7374164 TI - Coagulation problems in patients with cancer. AB - The cases of 43 cancer patients and nine patients without cancer were reviewed to assess the coagulation mechanism in patients with cancer. Of the 43 patients with cancer, at least one factor known to be associated with coagulation disturbances was present in 26. Hematologic or coagulation studies disclosed one or more abnormalities in 34 of the patients. A subgroup of 17 patients had no clinical or laboratory evidence of ongoing variables that should interfere with coagulation or hemostasis. Of these, 11, or 65%, had one or more abnormal results from coagulation studies. Of the nine members of the control group (patients without cancer), no patient had a positive history for a clinical coagulation disorder except for one incidence of thrombophlebitis in the year preceding the study. During the study, at least one coagulation abnormality was disclosed by hematologic testing. The results support the concept that coagulation problems in cancer patients are attributable to debilitation, multiple organ involvement, and coagulation-interfering variables rather than to a primary effect of the malignant tumor. PMID- 7374166 TI - Uptake of 5-fluorouracil during isolated perfusion of the canine liver. AB - This study describes a technique of hepatic isolated perfusion in dogs. The uptake of 14C-labeled 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) by the normal canine liver was fourfold greater when isolated perfusion was used than when peripheral intravenous administration or hepatic artery infusion were applied. Systemic leakage of 5-FU was small during, and even following, hepatic isolated perfusion. This technique, which maximizes chemotherapy delivery to the liver while minimizing systemic toxicity, may be useful in the treatment of primary and metastatic hepatic malignancies. PMID- 7374165 TI - Case report: malignant melanoma arising during drug therapy for vitiligo. AB - A 30-year-old white male developed cutaneous patches of depigmentation which were treated with Trioxsalen ingested before daily sunbathing. A darkly pigmented lesion which appeared three weeks later on his back was widely excised and classified as a low-grade malignancy. Although the treatment of vitiligo with plants containing photodynamically active compounds dates back as far as 1400 BC, the modern period of research began only in the 1930's leading to the development of oral psoralens, a coumarin derivative. In early tests, patients showed increased sunlight tolerance and repigmentation of vitiliginous areas. Although some patients have developed uveitis and vitiligo while being treated for melanoma, previous published reports deny any cutaneous malignancy arising during drug therapy of vitiligo. The associations between vitiligo and melanoma are discussed. The possible causative role of Trioxsalen in etiology of the case presented is discussed. PMID- 7374169 TI - A simple computer method for processing pathology data. AB - A simplified computer method for recording postmortem and histopathological findings is described. The method allows a major reduction in the workload of the pathologist and provides a convient means of selection and comparison of experimental results. PMID- 7374167 TI - Nonfunctional preaortic paraganglioma: report of one case. AB - A case of nonfunctional benign preaortic paraganglioma is reported. The patient, a woman aged 50, complained of vague mesogastric pain irradiated posteriorly, occasional nausea and vomiting, related to a tender pulsatile mesogastric mass fixed to the posterior wall of the abdomen. Preoperative diagnostic examinations showed a severe anemia, a severe mechanical impairment of renal function as shown at IVP, a doubt of aortic aneurism at echography, not confirmed by selective arteriography. The mass was removed radically. The diagnosis of nature was only microscopic. Since from 15 days after surgery IVP improved significantly. At three months follow-up the patient is well with no sign of recurrence. PMID- 7374168 TI - A small animal model utilizing salivary drug excretion for pharmacokinetic determinations. PMID- 7374170 TI - Electrointraperitoneography: a new method for testing the pharmacological effects of drugs at the intestine level--preliminary note. AB - A recent and nontraumatizing method, electrointraperitoneography (EIG), has been used in the anesthetized rat in order to test its usefulness for the pharmacological study of drug effects on the electrical activity of the intestine. The results show that such a study is possible for different drugs. Advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed. PMID- 7374171 TI - Simultaneous long-term recording of the mechanical and intracellular electrical activity of smooth muscles. AB - The construction and use of tissue holders that allow simultaneous long-term recordings of mechanical and intracellular electrical activity from a variety of smooth-muscle preparations is described. The tissue holders permit adjustment of tissue stretch following its fixation for recording purposes. By this means intracellular microelectrodes can be kept in position despite marked changes in the mechanical activity of the tissue. Since simultaneous recordings of electrical and mechanical activity of up to 2 hrs duration can be made, studies of the relationships between the membrane potential changes and mechanical changes evoked by drugs and neurotransmitters are greatly facilitated. PMID- 7374172 TI - Cannulated teflon chamber implant in the rat: a new model for continuous studies on granulomatous inflammation. AB - A granulomatous inflammation model is described. It is a modification of the cannulated sponge method and consists of a subdermally implanted teflon cylinder in the rat. This 'chamber' is cannulated and provided with holes to ensure contact and exchange of materials between the inner chamber and the surrounding tissues. The cannulae are exterioized at the back of the neck and allow materials to be injected and exudate to be collected at any given time during the development of granulomatous tissue around the chamber. Some parameters of this inflammation, such as exudation, granuloma growth, cellular infiltration in exudate, and the formation of prostaglandins were studied, and a comparison was made with the sponge implant model. The value of the chamber method is illustrated by brief reference to a study on the metabolism of 14C-arachidonic acid during granulomatous inflammation. PMID- 7374174 TI - A microprocessor-based animal monitoring system. AB - The construction of a system for continuous, automatic monitoring of the activity of many animals is described. The system uses a microprocessor to control sampling of each animal box, accumulate activity scores, keep time, and control printout. For the detection units, infrared light-emitting diodes and infrared sensitive phototransistors were used. With limited technical advice the system can be constructed by a novice of electronics. A system to monitor 40 animals would take approximately 3 wk to build and would cost about $700. PMID- 7374173 TI - An improved apparatus for intragastric titration in the conscious dog. AB - An apparatus for automatic intragastric titration with on-line display of results has been described. The apparatus has been validated by titration of exogenous acid injected into the test meal in a reservoir and in vivo by assessing the secretory response of a dog with a gastric fistula to a test meal. A titration display unit provides a record of the secretory response both as a digital printout and a bar chart display. Cimetidine (2 mg kg-1h-1) significantly reduced the secretory response to a test meal. PMID- 7374175 TI - A model for experimental myocardial injury. PMID- 7374176 TI - Aconitine-induced writhing as a method for assessing aspirin-like analgesic activity. AB - A painful writhing syndrome is produced by aconitine when given intraperitoneally. It is similar to that induced by other chemical agent viz. phenylquinone, acetic acid, and bradykinin. Aconitine writhing is quick to appear, shows greater frequency and longer duration than that induced by other agents. The nonnarcotic analgesics more selectively antagonize the aconitine writhing than orally-administered narcotic analgesics. Thus the aconitine writhing method is a very suitable method for the selective screening of the aspirin type of analgesic agent. PMID- 7374177 TI - Stability of transformation systems representable by tree graphs: extension to structures of biological importance. PMID- 7374178 TI - Evolutionarily stable dispersal strategies. PMID- 7374180 TI - Involvement of an "all-or-none event" in the triggering of chromosome segregation and of S phase in procaryotic and eucaryotic cells. PMID- 7374179 TI - A theoretical study of synchronizations of two myocardial cells. PMID- 7374181 TI - Depression of host population abundance by direct life cycle macroparasites. PMID- 7374182 TI - Reaction kinetics of nutrition dependent poikilotherm development. PMID- 7374183 TI - The sib competition model for the maintenance of sex and recombination. PMID- 7374184 TI - On the multivariate analysis of avian vocalizations. PMID- 7374185 TI - A theory of dynamic and steady responses in chemoreception. PMID- 7374186 TI - Co-operative response of chemically excitable membrane. III. Three-state model. PMID- 7374187 TI - On the role of aging in cancer incidence. PMID- 7374188 TI - Thermodynamic principles of the behavior of biological systems. PMID- 7374189 TI - Elaboration of microscopic and macroscopic theories of enzyme action: with implications for enzyme evolution, reversibility and kinetics. PMID- 7374190 TI - Reply to Martindale--on the multivariate analysis of avian vocalizations. PMID- 7374191 TI - Stability analysis of the time delay in a host-parasitoid model. PMID- 7374193 TI - Bifurcation and chaotic behaviour in simple feedback systems. PMID- 7374192 TI - Theory for the formation of intercellular junctions based on intramembranous particle patterns observed in the freeze fracture technique. PMID- 7374194 TI - Supply-demand balance of subendocardial muscle: estimation from intramyocardial pressure. AB - The ratio of the dihastolic pressure-time index (DPTI) to the systolic pressure time index (SPTI) has been used as a predictor of subendocardial ischemia. The DPTI is thought to reflect the blood supply to the subendocardium, and the SPTI is thought to reflect the metabolic needs. In this study, the supply-demand balance of subendocardial muscle was evaluated directly from the pressure measured within the subendocardium. The blood supply to the subendocardial muscle, estimated from the area between the aortic pressure and the subendocardial pressure in diastole (3,370 mm Hg sec min-1) (mean +/- SEM) was lower than the DPTI (4,060 mm Hg sec min-1) (p less than 0.01). The metabolic demand of the subendocardial muscle, estimated from the area included in the subendocardial pressure (4,820 mm Hg sec min-1) was higher than the SPTI (2,480 mm Hg sec min-1) (p less than 0.01). The supply-demand balance, directly estimated from subendocardial pressure, 0.7, was markedly lower than the simultaneous DPTI/SPTI ratio, 1.6. In view of the prominent differences between the supply-demand balance estimated by these two indices, the DPTI/SPTI ratio as a predictor of subendocardial ischemia may require further evaluation. PMID- 7374195 TI - Myocardial tissue pressure. PMID- 7374196 TI - The influence of prearrest factors on the preservation of left ventricular function during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Uniformly excellent myocardial protection during global ischemia in cardiac procedures requiring cessation of aortic root perfusion remains an elusive goal. This study establishes the importance of the preischemic inotropic state of the left ventricle and the arterial blood glucose concentration ([glucose]) immediately prior to an elective period of myocardial ischemia. Thirty-one experiments were performed on dogs subjected to 90 minutes of global ischemia on cardiopulmonary bypass at 28 degrees C with perfusion pressure constantly maintained at 90 mm Hg. The maximum rate of development of left ventricular pressure (LVdp/dtmax) at constant arterial and left atrial (LAP) pressures was used as a measure of contractility prior to ischemia. In a group of 18 of these dogs undergoing anoxic cardiac arrest, arterial blood [glucose], in conjunction with the preischemic LVdp/dtmax and the cross-clamp to asystole time interval (metabolic supply/demand index), significantly predicted (p less than 0.01) the functional result following the standard ischemic insult. In 13 other dogs with [glucose] greater than 120 mg/100 ml and treated with potassium cardioplegia, "normal" preischemic LVdp/dtmas (N = 7) was associated with a good functional result, but an elevated preischemic LVdp/dtmax (N = 6) produced severe functional impairment following ischemia. Optimum myocardial protection thus involves minimizing metabolic demands and maximizing metabolic supply immediately prior to and during the period of aortic cross-clamping. PMID- 7374197 TI - Does pulsatile flow improve perfusion during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass? AB - Each of 10 patients undergoing hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass was perfused in turn with (1) the standard flow delivered by a roller pump and (2) pulsatile flow induced by a "pulsatile assist device" (Datascope Corp., Paramus, N. J), presented in random order at the same mean flow. Whole-body oxygen consumption, blood lactate concentration, systemic vascular resistance, urinary flow, and thermal gradients were measured during each type of flow and after rewarming. No significant difference in any of these variables was seen between the two types of flow. After conventional rewarming the temperature gradient between core tissues and muscle was not influenced by the type of flow used during rewarming. PMID- 7374198 TI - Aggressive management of potential penetrating cardiac injuries. AB - Since 1970 all patients admitted with penetrating injuries near the cardiac silhouette are transferred immediately to the operating room for resuscitation and evaluation for immediate thoracotomy. The clinical courses of 10 patients with penetrating cardiac injuries treated between 1962 and 1969 were analyzed and compared with those of 33 patients who presented between 1970 and 1977 and were managed more aggressively. Since the institution of this more aggressive policy, overall survival has improved from 20% to 67%. In patients arriving in the emergency room with signs of viability, survival increased from 29% to 76%. Of 53 patients with injuries in the area of the cardiac silhouette, 33 (62%) actually sustained cardiac injury. The high probability of cardiac injury in patients with external wounds in the silhouette and the improved survival rate seen with aggressive surgical therapy justifies the change to this policy. PMID- 7374199 TI - Sequential pathophysiological changes characterizing the progression from renal dysfunction to acute renal failure following cardiac operation. AB - Sequential pathophysiological data were analyzed from 14 patients who exhibited similar severe depression of cardiac and renal function within 24 hours of cardiac operation. Seven patients exhibited postoperative renal dysfunction (defined by a minimum postoperative clearance of inulin [Cin] between 20 ml/min/1.73 m2 and one-half normal) and seven progressed from renal dysfunction to acute renal failure (ARF) (Cin less than or equal to ml/min/1.73 m2). In ARF patients depression of cardiac function was profound and persistent from postoperative days 1 to 7. Urine flow remained greater than 1 ml/min, and serum creatinine rose progressively. The Cin declined progressively during the first postoperative week. The ratio or urinary to plasma osmolality fell, and the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) and potassium (FEK) increased substantially. By contrast, in renal dysfunction patients definite hemodynamic improvement occurred and renal function remained stable. Increased FENa in renal dysfunction was associated with hemodynamic improvement, weight loss, and stable fractional potassium excretion. These data provide unique documentation of the indices of hemodynamic and renal function associated with the progression to postoperative ARF. The central role of sustained profound depression of cardiac function in this progression appears to be the primary factor in the lethality of postoperative ARF. PMID- 7374200 TI - Exposure of patients to ethylene oxide during cardiopulmonary bypass using gas sterilized pump components. AB - We have shown that ethylene oxide (EO), absorbed by polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and rubber components of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit during sterilization, is subsequently eluted by the circulating blood-prime mixture and enters the patient. The amount of EO available for elution is diminished by increasing the airing period of the tubing after sterilization, but it is still appreciable after 72 hours' airing. When tubing is used after 24 hours' airing, the amount of EO which enters the patient during 90 minutes of CPB is probably at least 70 mg. During the first few hours after CPB, the amount of EO recoverable from the patient's blood rapidly diminishes, probably because of the binding of EO in irreversible chemical combination. PMID- 7374201 TI - Postpneumonectomy empyema. The cloud with a silver lining? AB - I have reviewed the literature concerning the effect of postoperative sepsis on survival following resection for carcinoma of the bronchus and added to this my experience over a 12 year period. Surgeons agree that because of its morbidity and the morbidity of measures necessary for its treatment, postoperative empyema is to be avoided, but many still hope that some compensation might be afforded the unfortunate sufferer by improvement in long-term survival. I have not found this to be the case and I feel that statistical evidence favors this view. PMID- 7374202 TI - Thoracic duct cyst of the mediastinum. AB - A case of mediastinal thoracic duct cyst is described. It is believed to be the first to be diagnosed before thoracotomy. Seven surgically treated cases have been reported but in none was the diagnosis made before operation. This case report concerns a 49-year-old woman who was operated upon because of a thoracic duct cyst that had been diagnosed by lymphangiography before the operation. Symptoms were caused by pressure of the cyst on the esophagus. The operation and immediate postoperative course were uneventful. One year later, the patient was doing well and no further investigation was recommended. PMID- 7374203 TI - Mediastinal lymph node hyperplasia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and anemia. AB - An adolescent girl with retarded development, delayed puberty, and hypergammaglobulinemia had anemia unresponsive to iron therapy that was cured when a mass of mediastinal giant lymph node hyperplasia was removed surgically. Rapid growth and development of secondary sexual characteristics occurred after operation. Follow-up studies made 20 years after operation showed compensated increased erythrocyte hemolysis and increased serum IgM. When mediastinal giant lymph node hyperplasia with abundant plasma cells is seen in childhood, there may be refractory anemia and immune disturbances. Similar giant lymph node hyperplasia without plasma cells may be found in an asymptomatic child or adult. The pertinent features of the few symptomatic cases reported are reviewed. PMID- 7374204 TI - Post-traumatic bronchial stenosis and acute respiratory insufficiency. AB - A 31-year-old woman sustained multiple injuries, including severe contusion of the right lung with massive subcutaneous emphysema. Four weeks later she was transferred to our institution with post-traumatic adult respiratory distress syndrome and carbon dioxide retention, resulting from a postlaceration stenosis of the left main-stem bronchus. Bronchoplasty was contraindicated because of the serious condition of the patient. Repeated bronchial dilatations produced initial improvement in oxygenation and minute ventilation requirements. However, because of the nature of the stenosis and the lack of recovery of right lung function, the patient's encouraging clinical course reached a plateau and attempts at weaning from the respirator were unsuccessful. Bronchoplasty was performed on postadmission day 50 and resulted in gradual recovery of pulmonary function. Six months following discharge, the patient continues a steady improvement. Management of the patient's injuries represented a unique challenge previously unencountered. PMID- 7374205 TI - The natural history of bronchial atresia. Serial observations of a case from birth to operative correction. AB - A 10-year-old child presented with a history of intermittent respiratory symptoms since birth. Progressive shift of the mediastinum away from a hyperexpanded left upper lobe to the right side was evident on serial chest films, since birth. Bronchograms demonstrated atresia of the bronchus to the hyperexpanded segment. Xenon washout demonstrated prolonged half-time in the left upper lobe resulting from collateral ventilatory channels. Resection of the apical posterior segment of the left upper lobe was performed without complication. Bronchial atresia with collateral ventilation caused "lobar emphysema" in this patient. PMID- 7374206 TI - Results of two-stage surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot. AB - One hundred nine consecutive patients underent 115 palliative shunts between 1971 and 1979 for the initial management of symptomatic tetralogy of Fallot. A single Blalock-Taussig shunt was done in 78 patients, including 38 infants below 12 months of age, with two deaths (2.5% mortality rate). Thirty-two patients underwent a Waterston shunt, with one death (3.1% mortality rate). The total early shunt mortality rate was 2.7% (three deaths among 109 patients). There was one later noncardiac death and one instance of nonfatal brain abscess between the two stages. Fifty-nine of the previously shunted patients have undergone total correction at a mean postshunt interval of 37.1 months, with one early postoperative death (1.6% mortality rate). The mean patient age at total repair was 4.8 years. The two-stage combined operative mortality rate was 3.6% (four deaths among 109 patients). The Waterston shunt is considered undesirable because it complicated the total repair and was associated with a high incidence of residual right pulmonary artery obstruction at postoperative cardiac catheterization. The Blalock-Taussig shunt had a low mortality rate, high long term patency rate, absence of interval complications, and no adverse effect at the time of total correction. It is considered the shunt of choice in all symptomatic infants and small children with tetralogy of Fallot. Our experience suggests that, at the present time, the two-stage surgical approach compares favorably with primary total correction, especially in infants under 1 year of age. PMID- 7374207 TI - Surgical anatomy of the atrioventricular valve in the intermediate type of common atrioventricular orifice. AB - The intermediate type of common atrioventricular (AV) orifice is represented by a spectrum of anomalies lying between persistent ostium primum with cleft aortic leaflet of the mitral valve and the complete form of common AV orifice. This is a study of 81 such hearts. These hearts do not have a distinct cleft in the aortic leaflet of the mitral valve, nor do they have a common valve, as seen in the complete form of common AV orifice. They may or may not have a ventricular septal defect. The surgical importance of the intermediate forms lies in the lack of sufficient valvular tissue on the left side to propertly fashion a mitral valve in many cases (41%). PMID- 7374208 TI - Indication for total correction of complete transposition of the great arteries with pulmonary hypertension. AB - Pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) was histologically evaluated and its severity was expressed as an index of PVD in 14 autopsied and eight biopsied cases of complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) in patients more than 6 months of age. The index varied from 1.0 to 2.3 in six patients who had survived complete surgical repair and ranged from 2.3 to 3.3 in five patients who had died of PVD postoperatively. Consequently, an index of 2.2 could be regarded as an upper limit of PVD for complete surgical repair. The index was significantly correlated to some hemodynamic factors. From the regression equation, the value 2.2 of histologic index could be translated into the clinical factors concerning hemodynamics. We consider that patients with pulmonary vascular resistance of less than 10.6 units . m2, and pulmonary arterial mean pressure less than 51 mm Hg, are suitable candidates for complete surgical repair in TGA, if more than 6 months of age. Thus histologic assessment of PVD in a lung biopsy as an indication for total correction of TGA with pulmonary hypertension appears to be useful in patients who are in borderline hemodynamic condition or in whom the hemodynamics could not be evaluated although pulmonary hypertension was suspected. PMID- 7374210 TI - Effect of graded narrowing of left main coronary artery on left ventricular function. AB - The relationship between left ventricular function and coronary blood flow was studied in 16 chloralose-anesthetized dogs with an intact coronary circulation and left ventricle. Left ventricular dimensions, hemodynamic function indices, and coronary blood flow were measured simultaneously as the origin of the left coronary artery was narrowed by a calibrated snare. With a left coronary blood flow reduction of 17% (average), left ventricular minor axis diameter increased and maximum aortic blood flow acceleration and maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure decreased. Other measured indices of ventricular function did not change significantly. Larger coronary flow decrements caused a decrease in aortic systolic and diastolic pressures, stroke volume and cardiac output and an increase in heart rate and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. These results confirm a close relationship between left ventricular function and blood supply. PMID- 7374209 TI - The use of "fresh" unstented homograft valves for replacement of the aortic valve. Analysis of 8 years' experience. AB - Between August, 1969 and May 1978, 679 patients underwent homograft replacement of the aortic valve. Isolated elective valve replacement was performed in 411 patients. Thirty-four patients had total aortic root replacement with reimplantation of the coronary arteries. There were 16 early deaths (3.9%) and 43 late deaths (10.5%) during a follow-up between 3 and 102 months (mean 47 months). Actuarial analysis showed 87% survival at 5 years and 81% at 8 years. Valve failure occurred in 24 patients (5.9%) owing to prolapse of one cusp in eight patients (2.0%), infective endocarditis in seven patients (1.7%), and degeneration of the valve in nine patients (2.2%). Degenerative valve failure was encountered after the fourth year with an incidence of 4.8% of patients at risk and occurred only in grafts from donors over the age of 65 years. Diastolic murmurs were present in 28% of patients followed beyond 1 month and increased very slightly with time. Systemic embolism was not recorded in any patient despite the fact that anticoagulants were not used. The clinical results were judged to be good or excellent in 89% of patients. It is concluded that homograft replacement of the aortic valve gives satisfactory results with a low incidence of late valve failure. PMID- 7374211 TI - Experience with simultaneous myocardial revascularization and carotid endarterectomy. AB - Fifty-four patient had coexisting stenosis of the carotid artery (70% or greater) and coronary artery disease. Simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and myocardial revascularization were done in all cases. One permanent postoperative neurologic deficit occurred (1.9%). There were no deaths. Our experience with simultaneous correction of combined carotid and coronary disease leads us to conclude that simultaneous myocardial revascularization and carotid endarterectomy have low mortality and neurologic morbidity rates. The policy at Loyola University Medical Center at this time is to routinely perform simultaneous endarterectomy and myocardial revascularization in all patients with significant coexisting carotid and coronary disease. PMID- 7374213 TI - Training, examination, and certification of a thoracic surgeon. A position paper of the American Board of Thoracic Surgery. AB - The training of a thoracic surgeon is a complex process, requiring a minimum of six to seven years. Reliable examination of the trainee is similarly complex, requiring evaluation by various methods at different periods of time. Great care has been taken to keep the methods of examination free from bias and impartial by making the Residency Review Committee for Thoracic Surgery and the American Board of Thoracic Surgery completely independent organizations, unrelated to any other national professional organization. Use of a national professional testing service as a consultant has been a valuable addition to the examination process, which assures that the questions used are reliable and effective and that the results of the examination are objectively assessed. The process of training, examination, and certification of a thoracic surgeon has evolved based on the experience obtained over the past three decades and has repeatedly proved to provide a satisfactory measure of competency in thoracic surgery. It is an achievement of which all thoracic surgeons can feel justly proud. Modifications in the structure and function of the certification process will continue to be made as changes in our medical knowledge occur. PMID- 7374212 TI - Intimo-intimal intussusception and other unusual manifestations of aortic dissection. AB - Four cases with unusual aortic dissection found unexpectantly at the time of operation, and their aortographic and anatomic findings and surgical treatment are described. One of the patients had a type I aortic dissection with intimo intimal intussusception and another had a type I dissection with one portion of the intimal wall unidentifiable up to the origin of the innominate artery. One patient had a type III dissecting aneurysm with retrograde dissection into the aortic arch and ascending aorta, and the fourth patient had a dissecting aneurysm involving the ascending aorta and the innominate, right common carotid, and right vertebral arteries with a re-entry at the aortic arch. PMID- 7374215 TI - Feasibility of detailed two-dimensional echocardiographic examination in adults. Prospective study of 200 patients. AB - This study highlights the applicability of two-dimensional echocardiography in a group of unselected adult patients referred to the clinical echocardiographic laboratory. The two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging technique permits one to visualize large portions of cardiac anatomy in the majority of patients. The more conventional image presentation and the ability to appreciate spatial relationships make two-dimensional echocardiography an extremely useful imaging technique. PMID- 7374214 TI - Acute adrenal failure. PMID- 7374216 TI - Permanent transvenous pacemaker implantation via the subclavian vein. AB - Permanent transvenous pacing with the use of a subclavian venipuncture technique was achieved in 68 patients, including 3 children. In two additional patients the subclavian vein could not be entered. The basic procedure is a modification of the Seldinger technique and involves the use of a peel-away introducer. Complications directly related to the procedure occurred in three cases. These included two pneumothoraces and one wound hematoma following puncture of the subclavian artery. All three patients were managed conservatively, without drainage. The major advantages of the subclavian venipuncture technique are that (1) it avoids extensive dissection and provides rapid access to the right ventricle via ia large-caliber vessel, (2) it allows placement of multiple catheters for atrioventricular systems, and (3) it allows the use of transvenous systems in children. PMID- 7374217 TI - Subclavian vein. A golden route. AB - Percutaneous access to the subclavian vein provides a route for the insertion of a variety of devices necessary in the management of severely ill patients. As described in this article, the technique can be easily and safely performed. Special emphasis is given to the more recent applications of the technique in the placement of Swan-Ganz catheters, cardiac pacemakers, and hemodialysis cannulas. With familiarity of the anatomy, careful attention to details, and an awareness of the potential complications, this technique can become a useful tool for the practicing physician in various disciplines. PMID- 7374218 TI - Vertebral-basilar distribution infarction following chiropractic cervical manipulation. AB - Previous case reports of vertebral-basilar system infarction following chiropractic cervical manipulation have emphasized the role of predisposing factors such as cervical spondylosis, atherosclerosis, and congenital asymmetry of the posterior circulation. Ten patients without prior neurologic symptoms had vertebral-basilar system infarction promptly after chiropractic maneuvers. One patient, who was free of clinical and radiographic evidence of predisposing factors, subsequently died. Autopsy studies revealed massive nonhemorrhagic brainstem infarction due to bilateral vertebral artery thrombosis. Nine patients survived with residual neurologic deficits due to lesions in various locations of the posterior circulation. No patient received anticoagulants. Previous case reports are summarized and the kinetic anatomy of the vertebral arteries is reviewed to clarify the potential mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this entity. Although a causal relationship may be difficult to establish in individual cases, cervical manipulation seems to be the major identifiable factor in the pathogenesis of stroke in some patients. PMID- 7374219 TI - Resolution of venous stasis retinopathy after carotid artery bypass surgery. AB - Venous stasis retinopathy associated with carotid occlusive disease has been found to diminish or even disappear after carotid artery bypass surgery (superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery anastomosis). We present photographic documentation of these changes and subsequent resolution of the retinopathy in a patient who had bypass surgery. This resolution reflects the increased perfusion to the retina and to the cerebral hemisphere. PMID- 7374220 TI - About death certificates. PMID- 7374221 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7374222 TI - Tonic seizures in a patient with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7374223 TI - An exclusive profile/interview of Richard S. Ross, MD, dean of the Johns Hopkins Medical Faculty and Vice President for Medicine. Interview by Blaine Taylor. PMID- 7374224 TI - Med-Chi in Annapolis: a different view of how Maryland physicians help the state- for free! PMID- 7374225 TI - A neglected facet of medical philately. PMID- 7374226 TI - Oxytocin challenge test at Maryland General Hospital. PMID- 7374227 TI - Surgical treatment for rheumatoid arthritis of the hand. PMID- 7374229 TI - Guidelines for alcoholism: diagnosis, treatment and referral. PMID- 7374228 TI - Maryland Emergency Medical Service System (MEMSS). Intrathroacic subclavian artery rupture. PMID- 7374230 TI - Arbitration for medical malpractice claims: a contrast between the Maryland and Illinois experiences. PMID- 7374231 TI - The future of primary health care: the responsibility of today's practitioners. PMID- 7374232 TI - Introductory medical book collecting. PMID- 7374233 TI - [Friedreich's disease. Clinical study of ten cases (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical characteristics of ten patients with Friedreich's disease are presented. Two cases were members of the same family, another patient had a brother with the disease, and in two cases there was consanguinity. The dominant inheritance pattern was absent in all cases. Initial symptoms and clinical signs were present under 5 years of age in six cases, and in three of them under 2 years of age. As reported in other series, in our cases the disorder first appeared in the legs. Other early manifestations included skeletal deformities and dysarthria, as well as diplopia, paresthesias and dizziness. Friedreich's ataxia results from pyramidal tract degeneration and changes in the cerebellum. Babinski sign was present in nine patients. Other findings were: muscular weakness, distal amyotrophy and distal dystonia. Two patients suffered epileptic attacks with typical EEG pattern. Kyphoscoliosis and pes cavum were constant skeletal deformities. ECG revealed signs of myocardial ischemis in nine patients, although none of them had symptomatology of heart disease. Glucose tolerance test carried out in three cases showed diabetic curves. Results of nerve speed conduction were as follows: normal in one case; decreased sensitive speed conduction in four cases, and decrease of both sensitive and motor speed conduction in other four cases. EMG showed signs of chronic denervation in three cases. These results coincide with those published by other authors. PMID- 7374234 TI - [Renal tubular acidification in patients treated with anticonvulsants (author's transl)]. AB - Proximal and distal renal tubular acidification function has been studied in ten epileptics treated with phenobarbital and hydantoins. Plasma concentration of 25 OH D3 and urinary excretion of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate (cAMP) were also determined. Serum parathormone (PTH) was analyzed in five patients. Four of these ten patients showed a decreasing threshold for bicarbonates, suggesting a disturbance of the proximal tubular acidification function. These patients did not show diminishing plasma levels of 25 OH D3, and according to the results of cAMP and PTH determinations a hyperparathyroidism could be ruled out. Anticonvulsants lead to a disturbance of the renal acidification which is not derived from alterations of the phosphocalcic metabolism. PMID- 7374236 TI - [Cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with liver disease (author's transl)]. AB - The concentration of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate in the spinal fluid of ten patients with liver dysfunction was analyzed. Ages of the patients ranged from 31 to 75 years. The state of consciousness varied between normality and stupor. After a liver biopsy the diagnoses were as follows: cirrhosis in six cases, porphyria cutanea tarda in one case, hepatic metastases in two cases and Wilson's disease in one case. Mean values in these patients (22.91 +/- 4.18 pM/ml) have been significantly greater (p less than 0.0005) than those in ten control individuals (15.55n control individuals (15.44 +/- 3.66 pM/ml). Values corresponding to two patients in coma were still higher (52.62 and 36.50 pM/ml respectively). A previous lumbar puncture carried out in one of these patients when he was conscious showed a figure of 23 pM/ml. These results suggest a progressive rise of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the spinal fluid in relation to clinical impairment, and may indicate a similar behaviour for this nucleotide to that of tryptophan, as reported by other authors. These findings point toward the role of the alteration of neurotransmitters in the pathogenesis of hepatic coma. PMID- 7374235 TI - [Acute appendicitis in the elderly (author's transl)]. AB - The mortality rate and clinical, analytical, radiographic and pathologic data from 31 patients with acute appendicitis over 60 years of age are compared to those from 100 patients under 60. The elderly group showed a greater delay in medical consulting, a more diffuse abdominal pain and a greater incidence of perforated and gangrenous appendicitis. This last fact could be related not only to the consulting delay, but also to the own characteristics of the aged appendix. There were no significant differences between both groups regarding analytical results and radiographic findings. Mortality rate was 13 percent in the elderly, while it was null in the younger series. PMID- 7374237 TI - [Massive pulmonary embolism due to hydatid vesicles. Report of a case (author's transl)]. AB - A patient with hepatic and peritoneal hydatidosis suffered acute episodes of restrictive bronchial disease for the last 2 years. The patient was admitted during the course of one of this acute episodes with clinical symptoms of pulmonary embolism. Supportive therapeutic measures were prescribed, but the patient died 12 hours latter. Autopsy revealed hepatic, peritoneal and pulmonary hidatidosis as well as multiple pulmonary thromboembolisms due to hydatid vesicles. Literature on this subject is reviewed, and different clinical forms and therapeutic possibilities are discussed. The importance of small therapeutic possibilities are discussed. The importance of small recurrent hydatid embolisms in the pathogenesis of acute or subacute cor pulmonale in patients with liver hydatidosis is stressed. PMID- 7374239 TI - [How will we actually achieve drug control?]. PMID- 7374238 TI - [Autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with chronic ulcerative colitis (author's transl)]. AB - A case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with chronic ulcerative colitis in a 28-year-old woman is reported. Immunological studies showed a strongly positive direct Coombs test of IgG type and a non-specific pannagglutinin antibody. This immunological pattern remained for 10 months instead of the medical treatment with corticosteroids and azathioprine. A subtotal colectomy with ileo-rectostomy was performed and the patient experienced a greater clinical improvement, though the total negativity of the immunitary alteration was not obtained. Weak immunological disturbances continued 19 months after the surgical procedure. A short review of the literature is presented and a total of 39 cases of erythorcitic autoimmunization (with or without hemolysis) published up to the present time have been found. Lastly, various etiopathogenic theories in relation to this complication are mentioned. PMID- 7374240 TI - [Treatment of high blood pressure--a comment]. PMID- 7374241 TI - [Cimetidine in outpatient care]. PMID- 7374242 TI - [The 1980's: is job satisfaction in conflict with effectivity and productivity?]. PMID- 7374243 TI - [The 1980's: what good are new technics in medical care when the knowledge of their use is inadequate?]. PMID- 7374244 TI - [Traumatic crisis--a picture of routine medical care]. PMID- 7374245 TI - [Is surgical treatment a good alternative for TIA?]. PMID- 7374246 TI - [Diet and exercise in the 80's]. PMID- 7374247 TI - [Surgical treatment of carotid artery stenosis]. PMID- 7374248 TI - [Relations between different proteins]. PMID- 7374249 TI - [Aspects of excretion of oxalate in urine]. PMID- 7374250 TI - [Risk of lead poisoning by swallowing a curtain weight]. PMID- 7374251 TI - [Treatment of the non-hospitalised patient and the consumption of drugs]. PMID- 7374252 TI - [Which irregular erythrocyte antibodies are of clinical significance in blood transfusion and pregnancy?]. PMID- 7374253 TI - [Endotoxin fever in greenhouses]. PMID- 7374254 TI - [Therapy of mitral valve prolapse with ventricular flutter]. PMID- 7374255 TI - [New knowledge about the cause of symptoms of chronic intestinal diseases?]. PMID- 7374256 TI - [Left atrial pulse registration - a non-invasive method]. PMID- 7374257 TI - [Simplified treatment of pneumothorax with a Heimlich valve]. PMID- 7374259 TI - [Lack of vaccines and water are great problems in the work among refugees from Cambodia]. PMID- 7374258 TI - [Dysmenorrhea]. PMID- 7374260 TI - [Proctology: physiology]. PMID- 7374261 TI - [Diagnosis of proctologic diseases]. PMID- 7374262 TI - [Hemorrhoids]. PMID- 7374263 TI - [Anal fissures]. PMID- 7374264 TI - [Anal abcess and anal fistula]. PMID- 7374266 TI - [Proctitis]. PMID- 7374267 TI - [Anal prolapse]. PMID- 7374265 TI - [X-rays and perianal fistulas]. PMID- 7374269 TI - [Rectal invagination]. PMID- 7374270 TI - [Pruritus ani]. PMID- 7374268 TI - [Rectal prolapse]. PMID- 7374271 TI - [Development of childrens health services-a process]. PMID- 7374272 TI - [Acetylsalicylic acid after myocardial infarction--effective or not?]. PMID- 7374273 TI - [Deinstitutionalization in Italian psychiatry]. PMID- 7374274 TI - [Boscoville: a youth institution for treatment and research]. PMID- 7374275 TI - [Central venous catheter with J-wire external jugular vein]. PMID- 7374276 TI - [Pinprick testing of children]. PMID- 7374277 TI - [Pinprick testing of adults]. PMID- 7374278 TI - [Copper-induced eczema in infants]. PMID- 7374279 TI - [An illness directly related to woodchip heating]. PMID- 7374280 TI - [Concealed abuse of diuretics as a cause of hypokalemia]. PMID- 7374281 TI - [Prevention of thrombosis using heparin in neurosurgical intervention]. PMID- 7374282 TI - [Free abortion and voluntary parenthood]. PMID- 7374284 TI - [Has legal abortion replaced other methods of birth control?]. PMID- 7374283 TI - [What can we learn from the present abortion statistics?]. PMID- 7374285 TI - [Contact with the hospital service caused helplessness, shame and guilt]. PMID- 7374286 TI - [Women applying for legal abortions and their male partners]. PMID- 7374287 TI - [A sympathetic attitude--but will the resources be sufficient?]. PMID- 7374288 TI - [Operation methods in early and late abortions]. PMID- 7374289 TI - [Prostaglandin as an abortifacient agent]. PMID- 7374290 TI - [Abortion consulting in progress]. PMID- 7374291 TI - [Have the abortions been dedramatized?]. PMID- 7374293 TI - [Factors influencing the decision to seek abortion]. PMID- 7374292 TI - [Special reasons for abortion]. PMID- 7374294 TI - [The hybrid-DNA technic meets the expectations]. PMID- 7374295 TI - [Medical treatment of bleeding ulcer]. PMID- 7374296 TI - [Myoelectric control of multifunctional hand prostheses-a clinical evaluation]. PMID- 7374297 TI - [Functional myoelectric prostheses. Acceptance among unilateral below-elbow amputees]. PMID- 7374299 TI - [Suicide and other forms of death of unclear origin caused by external violence or poisoning]. PMID- 7374298 TI - [An evaluation of medical officers' reports]. PMID- 7374300 TI - [Estrogen therapy in psychiatric symptoms associated with climacteric]. PMID- 7374301 TI - [The work load of the anesthesia department for obstetric analgesia]. PMID- 7374302 TI - [Dental health information by dental health personnel]. PMID- 7374303 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of rhinocerebral mucormycosis. AB - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was utilized in a case of fulminant mucormycosis of the maxilla, orbit and temporal bone. The patient had refused radical surgery and death seemed iminent in spite of aggressive medical management of diabetic ketoacidosis, amphotericin B and wide surgical drainage of the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses with orbital decompression. Hyperbaric oxygen was instituted on the following theoretical premises: 1. It would provide oxygenation of tissues distal to occluded arteries, thereby increasing local survival and decreasing acidosis, 2. resultant lessening of acidosis would slow or inhibit rapid growth of the organism, and 3. oxygen in sufficient concentration is fungicidal. The rapid progress of the mucormycosis was arrested. Cultures of tissue prior to hyperbaric oxygen treatment produced heavy growth of Rhizopus, and tissues cultured after therapy grew only bacterial contaminants. The patient survived for 3 mo. only to succumb to Pseudomonas meningitis secondary to necrotic bone and epidural abscess of the middle cranial fossa. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a fulminant and frequently fatal disease. No survivors were reported before extensive surgical debridement was utilized. Survival improved to 50% with the addition of amphotericin B. Early diagnosis and correction of underlying acidosis has further improved this to 85%. The response to hyperbaric oxygen in this case report possibly introduces a promising new adjunct to therapy of this serious disease. PMID- 7374305 TI - Presidential address to the section meetings of the American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc. PMID- 7374304 TI - Fulminant aspergillosis of the nose and paranasal sinuses: a new clinical entity. AB - Fulminant aspergillosis of the nose and paranasal sinuses represents a new clinical entity occurring in individuals with depressed immunological responses. It is marked by a rapid malignant course, requiring early recognition, aggressive surgery and chemotherapy. Clinical manifestations include a rapidly progressive gangrenous mucoperiostitis advancing relentlessly to destruction of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses within a few days. The recent emergence of this form of aspergillosis appears to be directly related to the increased intensity of chemotherapy and immunosuppression in the treatment of previously fatal neoplastic diseases. Control of this disease process requires aggressive therapy. This may include radical sinus ablation, debridement of nasal structures, chemotherapy and possible correction of immunological deficits, i.e., bone marrow transplantation. Four cases are discussed in detail to present the clinical spectrum of this new disease entity. PMID- 7374306 TI - Chronic candidiasis of the oral cavity and esophagus. AB - Chronic candidiasis of the oral cavity and esophagus may present with a varying clinical picture. Three cases of this entity are presented. Infection occurs when the ecologic balance of normal flora and local factors are upset. Predisposing factors are listed. The different presentations, methods of evaluation, diagnosis, treatment alternatives, and immunologic applications are discussed. The problems of the chronic form of the disease, with it becoming deeply ingrained and recurrent, are stressed. PMID- 7374307 TI - The drooling patient: evaluation and current surgical options. AB - Drooling is a common stigmatizing problem necessitating increased care in the neurologically damaged child or adult. Appropriate physiotherapy frequently reduces drooling but rarely eliminates it. The goal of surgical therapy is to minimize drooling while specifically avoiding the complication of xerostomia. During the past 4 years, 37 of 46 patients assessed have undergone surgery specifically intended to reduce drooling. Good results have been obtained with bilateral transtympanic neurectomy procedures; it is the surgical procedure of choice in the more retarded patient. Encouraging results have been obtained in six patients with bilateral submandibular duct relocation; because of increased operative morbidity, it is the procedure of choice in the less retarded child. PMID- 7374308 TI - Giant cell tumors of the maxilla in children. AB - Three types of giant cell lesions occur in the facial skeleton; namely, giant cell reparative granuloma, Brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism, and true giant cell tumor -- osteoclastoma preferably called giant cell neoplasm. An appraisal of the clinical course biochemical laboratory data, radiographic appearance, and histological features are all necessary to distinguish between these varieties. Differentiation is a prerequisite to treatment because the management differs in each lesion. Three case reports illustrate these features. The important considerations of facial growth following surgery to the facial skeleton of a child are discussed. Long-term observation is imperative. PMID- 7374309 TI - Qualitative and morphometric evaluation of vocal cord lesions produced by the carbon dioxide laser. AB - The canine larynx was studied to obtain qualitative and quantitative data accurately defining the destructive effects of the carbon dioxide laser on epithelial tissue by administering doses of varied energy to the dorsal surface of the vocal cords. Resultant lesions subsequently were analyzed by light, transmission, and scanning microscopy. Three major morphologic patterns of vocal cord lesions were observed: 1. cup shape, 2. doughnut shape and, 3. complex star shape. The patterns produced in the laryngeal tissue reflect the operative mode (energy distribution within the focused spot of energy) of the laser at the time of surgery. The mode resulting in the doughnut shaped pattern (energy distribution around the periphery of the spot) produced deepest lesions, with minimal thermal conduction laterally, whereas the mode resulting in the cup shaped pattern (energy distribution uniform throughout the spot) produced at comparable doses shallower lesions with larger diameter. Too few star-shaped patterns were observed to permit meaningful morphometric analysis. PMID- 7374310 TI - Treatment of subglottic hemangioma with the carbon dioxide laser. AB - Congenital subglottic hemangioma is a potentially life-threatening lesion usually presenting in the first three months of life. Over the years, multiple treatment modalities have been advocated. However, none has been uniformly successful, and morbidity and mortality remain high. With the advent of the carbon dioxide surgical laser, it soon became apparent that this was an ideal tool for the pediatric larynx. The already documented properties of the laser have led to the application of this form of tissue destruction in 11 patients with subglotic hemangioma. This modality has proven to be a safe, effective and rapid means of treating this troublesome lesion. PMID- 7374311 TI - Diagnostic use of ultrasound in diseases of the head and neck. AB - Ultrasound has been utilized for diagnostic purposes for the past ten years. It was originally utilized mainly in ophthalmology and obstetrics and gynecology, although recently it has proven invaluable in diagnosis of cardiac and abdominal diseases. While there have been some reports on its use in thyroid and parotid diseases, there are few reports on its general use in the diagnosis of head and neck diseases. This technique is non-invasive and is cost effective when compared to CAT scanning. Ultrasound is capable of differentiating not only cystic from solid lesions but also can be helpful in the diagnosis of malignant vs. benign masses. Its value in delineating the presence of multiple lymph nodes as well as following the course of resolution of infectious diseases is presented, and its use in the diagnosis of those conditions involving the parotid gland itself as well as the parapharyngeal space is presented. It would appear to be a valuable adjunct in our management of head and neck diseases. PMID- 7374312 TI - Neonatal nasotracheal intubation: an evaluation. AB - A retrospective review of 100 surviving infants, all requiring nasotracheal intubation in the neonatal period for greater than 24 hr. was performed to assess the morbidity of this form of airway management. Seventy infants needed only one intubation, 22 were intubated twice and 8 infants required 3 intubations. No infant had evidence of laryngeal or tracheal sequelae, either in the immediate newborn period or on follow-up. Nasotracheal intubation by an experienced practitioner with appropriate tube fixation and toilet coupled with the use of low pressure ventilation and a consistent extubation routine will result in very low long-term tracheal morbidity in the neonate. PMID- 7374313 TI - Pectus excavatum: resolution after surgical removal of upper airway obstruction. AB - A six-year-old child with obstruction of the upper airway and a pectus excavatum defect ("funnel chest") is presented. Correction of the funnel-chest deformity was observed four years after the performance of a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy to relieve the obstruction of the upper airway. The relationship between chronic upper-airway obstruction and a pectus excavatum deformity is discussed, and the reversibility of such a deformity is documented. PMID- 7374315 TI - Instrumental perforation of the esophagus. AB - Instrumental perforation of the esophagus occurred in a 55-year-old man who underwent esophagoscopy. The complication occurred when the esophagoscope broke during the procedure to remove a bolus of food. After the scope was withdrawn and examined, a defect was seen in its side where a weld on the light carrier had broken, causing a ribbon of mucosa and muscularis to be impinged in this defect. The esophagus was reexamined with a new esophagoscope. A nasogastric tube was passed into the stomach, and antibiotics were administered. Although the dangers of endoscopy are well documented and are decreasing, complications occur in up to 1% of the cases. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment, regardless of the site of perforation, continue to be the critical factors in reduction of the morbidity and mortality of this iatrogenic injury. PMID- 7374314 TI - Frontal sinus trephination: a new technique for office procedure. AB - A new office technique for frontal sinus trephination is described. The procedure is simple, expedient, and inexpensive. Our experience with 16 patients suggests that this procedure is reasonably safe and, in addition, avoids the often-seen complications of supratrochlear nerve injury and persistent noticeable scar. PMID- 7374317 TI - Paper patch repair of blast rupture of the tympanic membrane. AB - An hotel explosion provided a need to treat five blast ruptured tympanic membranes in four firemen. Treatment consisted of early debridement and eversion of tympanic membrane flaps, Gelfoam to support these flaps and the placement of a paper patch for immediate closure of the drumhead defect and to provide a plane for epithelial growth. Pre and postsurgical audiometry demonstrate the immediate rehabilitation of conductive hearing in these patients. In all cases, immediate improvement in symptoms of aural fullness occurred. Tympanic membrane defects healed with minimal scarring in each case. Early debridement and paper patch repair are recommended for blast-ruptured tympanic membranes. PMID- 7374316 TI - Transverse myelitis. AB - Transverse myelitis is a known complication of radiation treatment for carcinoma of the head and neck. Otolaryngologists treat patients who receive radiotherapy and should be familiar with this complication. During the past ten years there has been little or no mention made of this problem in the ENT literature. In a five year period, 1970 to 1975, 120 patients with head and neck cancer received radiation as part of their treatment in this hospital. A review of the records of these patients showed only two cases of myelitis, an incidence of about 2%. This paper reviews the clinical syndrome; treatment and preventive measures are discussed and a survey of the literature is presented. PMID- 7374318 TI - Tongue strength. Part II: in artificial alaryngeal speech. AB - Tongue strength does not appear to be reduced in proficient esophageal speakers. However, no data exist on tongue strength for laryngectomized subjects who have not developed esophageal speech. Anterior and lateral tongue strength measures were obtained from 13 laryngectomized subjects who used an artificial larynx and 15 normal subjects by means of a pressure transducer and recording device. The results indicated that laryngectomized subjects had significantly weaker tongues in two of three directions measured. It was concluded that laryngectomy may affect tongue strength, but that the method of alaryngeal speech utilized postoperatively influences the return to normal. PMID- 7374321 TI - The care and management of acute hematoma of the external ear. PMID- 7374320 TI - Recurrent mixed tumors of the parotid. PMID- 7374319 TI - The diagnosis of CSF rhinorrhea by metrizamide CT scanning. AB - A case of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is presented in which routine diagnostic evaluation failed to disclose the site of leakage. Computerized tomography (CT) scanning with metrizamide, a nonionic contrast medium, provided not only documentation of the leak but also demonstrated the actual sinus involved. Metrizamide cisternography with CT scanning is a valuable technique in the evaluation of CSF rhinorrhea. It may only be used when an active leak is present. The patient described in this report lost several drops of CSF from the nose per minute in the face-down position. Neurotoxicity may be avoided by routine pre examination medication with valium or phenobarbital. Mixing of the contrast agent with CSF is diminished by injecting in the subarachnoid space at C1-C2. The methods used in this examination and their indications are described, and the literature concerning metrizamide toxicity and pharmacologic properties reviewed. PMID- 7374322 TI - The extended sternocleidomastoid flap for one stage repair of defects of the oral cavity. PMID- 7374323 TI - [Late results after surgery in chronic pancreatitis (author's transl)]. AB - 122 patients were operated upon because of chronic pancreatitis within 15 1/2 years. Mortality during and immediately after surgery was 9.8%, later mortality was 4.9%. 104 patients were still alive at follow up. In 40 patients most of the pancreatic parenchyma was left during surgery. Late results were good or satisfactory in 67.5%; carbohydrate tolerance was impaired in 35%, and exocrine insufficiency of the pancreas was present in 32.5% of these cases. In another group most of the pancreas was removed; 86% of these patients improved permanentely, 46% had impaired carbohydrate metabolism, 83% exocrine insufficiency of the pancreas. Good results can be achieved, if impaired carbohydrate metabolism, 83% exocrine insufficiency of the pancreas. Good results can be achieved, if indications are carefully choosen. Personality traits of the patients have to be taken into account when choosing the surgical approach. Advantages of a two session surgical approach combined with conservative treatment are discussed. PMID- 7374324 TI - [Benign tumors of the esophagus (author's transl)]. AB - Benign esophageal tumors are rare. Intraluminal and intramural tumors may be distinguished according to localization,--intramural leiomyomas occur most often. Retrosternal pain and dysphagia are the most frequent symptoms, rather often there are however no symptoms at all. X-ray examination and esophagoscopy should be applied for making a diagnosis, intramural tumors however may escape endoscopic diagnosis. Biopsies are indicated only, if mucosal alterations can be observed macroscopically. For final diagnosis the tumor has to be removed completely by surgery. In most cases this can be achieved by transthoracal enucleation, in special cases it may be necessary to remove part of the esophagus. Nine cases are reported. PMID- 7374325 TI - [Ulcer of the esophagus after intake of emeproniumbromide (author's transl)]. AB - Two female patients were treated because of pollakiuria with emeproniumbromide tablets. They developed extended ulcers of the esophageal mucosa. The tablets had been taken late in the evening with only little fluid. Ulcer formation is thought to be due to prolonged passage time and to a locally damaging effect of the hygroscopic compound. There may be lesions of the esophageal musculature as well, as demonstrated by considerable disturbance of esophageal motility. Ulcers tend to be painfull; they heel fast without formation of scars. PMID- 7374327 TI - [Gastroenterologic X-ray quiz]. PMID- 7374326 TI - [Hemostatic properties of gastric juice under basal conditions and after stimulation with pentagastrin or secretin-pancreozymin (author's transl)]. AB - Unsoluble gastric mucus and gastric juice from 11 normal volunteers were separated by centrifugation and investigated for hemostatic properties. Unsoluble gastric mucus added to citrated blood shortened reaction time and increased duration of maximum amplitude of thrombelastographic recordings, indicating an acceleration of hemostatic processes. On the other hand gastric juice inhibited coagulation and enhanced fibrinolytic activities, as shown by thrombelastographic recordings, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and euglobulin lysis time. Unsoluble gastric mucus accelerated hemostasis even more after stimulation by secretin-pancreozymin, as evidenced by thrombelastographic recordings. Gastric juice of patients with duodenal ulcers showed a significant change of these parameters to the opposite after pentagastrin. We conclude, that stimulation respectively inhibition of HCl and proteases, following pentagastrin respectively secretin-pancreazymin may influence hemostatic properties of gastric juice and gastric mucus as well. PMID- 7374328 TI - [Is hyaluronic acid still an important biologic parameter in the etiologic diagnosis of pleural effusions]. PMID- 7374329 TI - [Thrombosis of the subrenal abdominal aorta. Apropos of 32 cases]. PMID- 7374330 TI - [Melancholia and the myeloproliferative syndrome. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7374331 TI - [A case of pyogenic liver abscess complicated by a rupture in the right pleural cavity]. PMID- 7374332 TI - [Effect of weaning on abnormal parameters in a group of alcholics]. PMID- 7374333 TI - [Anaerobic infections in gynecology-obstetrics]. PMID- 7374334 TI - [Diagnosis of paroxysmal auriculo-ventricular block]. PMID- 7374335 TI - [Dietetic milks for infants]. PMID- 7374336 TI - [Evaluation fo 1 year's activity in an adolescent care unit]. PMID- 7374337 TI - [Malformations associated with aortic coarctation in children older than 1 year]. PMID- 7374338 TI - [The narrow lumbar canal syndrome]. PMID- 7374339 TI - [Herpes meningoencephalitis. Difficulties and need for early diagnosis. Apropos of 3 recent cases in adults]. PMID- 7374340 TI - [Hypophosphoremia]. PMID- 7374341 TI - [Indications and value of iodine-123 in the functional and morphological study of the thyroid]. PMID- 7374342 TI - [Signs of a tight aortic valve stenosis]. PMID- 7374343 TI - Adrenic acid inhibits prostaglandin syntheses. PMID- 7374345 TI - Cow milk fat interferes with prolactin radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7374344 TI - Benzodiazepines modulate striatal enkephalin levels via a GABAergic mechanism. PMID- 7374346 TI - Release of transcriptionally active chromatin from liver nuclei by micrococcus nuclease. PMID- 7374347 TI - The spontaneously hyperlipoproteinaemic rabbit. PMID- 7374348 TI - Developmental delays in exploration and locomotor activity in male rats exposed to low level lead. PMID- 7374350 TI - Molecular feature of the nerve growth factor in human serum. PMID- 7374349 TI - Structure of colchioside. X-ray analysis of thiocolchicoside, the sulfur analogue of the glucoside of colchicine. PMID- 7374351 TI - Effects of maternal methadone administration on ornithine decarboxylase in brain and heart of the offspring: relationships of enzyme activity to dose and to growth impairment in the rat. PMID- 7374352 TI - A short lipopeptide, representative of a new family of immunological adjuvants devoid of sugar. PMID- 7374353 TI - Carrier-mediated inhibition of choline acetyltransferase. PMID- 7374354 TI - Effect of norepinephrine on chromatin protein phosphorylation in C-6 glioma cells. PMID- 7374355 TI - Antinociceptive effects of intraventricular or systemic administration of vasopressin in the rat. PMID- 7374356 TI - Elevated polyamine levels in erythrocytes of SLC:ICR mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. PMID- 7374357 TI - The effect of isomeric trans-18:1 acids on the desaturation of palmitic, linoleic and eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acids by rat liver microsomes. AB - The inhibitory effects of the positional isomers of trans-18:1 acids on the desaturation of palmitic acid to palmitoleic (delta 9-desaturase), linoleic to gamma-linolenic (delta 6-desaturase) and eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic to arachidonic acid (delta 5-desaturase) were investigated. These trans-18:1 acids were found to be inhibitory for the microsomal delta 6-, delta 9- and delta 5-desaturases of rat liver. The position of the double bond in the trans-18:1 acids seems to be important in determining the degree of inhibition. At inhibitor/substrate ratio of 3:1, the delta 6-desaturase was most strongly inhibited by trans-delta 3, delta 4, -delta 7 and -delta 15-18:1 isomers, whereas the delta 9-desaturase was most strongly inhibited by trans-delta3, -delta 5, -delta 7, -delta 10, -delta 12, -delta 13 and -delta 16 isomers. At inhibitor/substrate ratio of 6:1, the delta 5-desaturase was most strongly inhibited by delta 3-, delta 9-, delta 13- and delta 15-isomers. When 18:0 was added to the incubations of 16:0, 18:2 and 20:3 at the same I/S ratios used for the trans-18:1 acids, weak inhibition for delta 9- desaturase and no inhibition for delta 5- and delta 6-desaturases was observed. PMID- 7374359 TI - Biosynthesis of cholic acid in rat liver: formation of cholic acid from 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy- and 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 24-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acids. AB - Conversion of 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid into 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha 24-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic and cholic acids was catalyzed either by the mitochondrial fraction fortified with coenzyme A, ATP, MgCl2 and NAD or by the combination of microsomal fraction and 100,000 x g supernatant fluid fortified with coenzyme A, ATP and nad. 24-hydroxylation and formation of cholic acid occurred at similar rates with the 25R- and the 25S forms of 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid. The 25R- and 25S-forms of 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy- and 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 24-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acids were administered to bile fistula rats. Labeled cholic acid was isolated from the bile. The initial specific radioactivity of cholic acid was higher and the disappearance of radioactivity more rapid after administration of 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid than of 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 24 tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid. The findings are discussed in relation to the assumed pathway for side chain cleavage in cholic acid biosynthesis. PMID- 7374358 TI - Experimental nephrotic syndrome induced in the rat by puromycin aminonucleoside: hepatic synthesis of neutral lipids and phospholipids from 3H-water and 3H palmitate. PMID- 7374360 TI - Cholesterol absorption. PMID- 7374361 TI - Analysis of alpha tocopherol in red blood cells by gas liquid chromatography. PMID- 7374362 TI - Different metabolism of saturated and unsaturated long chain plasma free fatty acids by intestinal mucosa of rats. PMID- 7374363 TI - Turnover of label from [1-14C]linolenic acid in phospholipids of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. AB - Juvenile coho salmon were injected intraperitoneally with [1-14C] linolenic acid and sampled at 24, 120, and 240 hr. Liver, heart and gill lipids were extracted analyzed, and halflives of individual liver glycerophospholipids and n-3 fatty acids determined from rates of loss of radioactivity. Incorporation of label into gill was much less than into either heart or liver. Total acyl halflife was shorter for the choline phospholipids than for the ethanolamine phospholipids, as were the halflives of all individual n-3 fatty acids. Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) had the shortest halflife in both phospholipids (50-60 hr), while docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) had much longer halflives. Specific activities of the shorter chain n-3 fatty acids were much greater than the longer, more unsaturated homologs at all times, suggesting possible differences in their mechanisms of incorporation into phospholipids. Diacylglycerol analysis indicated that de novo synthesis could be responsible for the incorporation of only a small portion of the labeled long chain fatty acids found in phospholipids. The fatty acid halflives reported here for salmon are in general agreement with those found previously in mammals. PMID- 7374365 TI - The effect of feeding Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on the lipid metabolism of laying hens. PMID- 7374366 TI - Vitamin A induced hypertriglyceridemia in cholesterol-fed rats. AB - The effects of level and feeding frequency of retinoic acid (OIC) or retinyl acetate (YL) on the accumulation of lipids in the serum and liver of rats were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed ad libitum 1% cholesterol diets with or without supplemental OIC or YL. Vitamin A-fed groups included (per g of dry diet): 105 microgram of OIC or 113 microgram YL daily for 28 days, 735 microgram OIC or 791 microgram YL once each week for 28 days; and 735 or 105 microgram OIC on day 1 or 105 microgram OIC daily for the week experiment. Daily feeding of OIC or YL increased serum triglyceride concentrations as compared to conrols. Several days after removal of OIC or 1 week after removal of supplemental YL from the rat diets, serum triglyceride concentrations returned to basal levels. Cholesterol feeding elevated serum cholesterol as well as hepatic cholesterol, total lipids and vitamin A concentrations. Daily OIC feeding depressed serum and hepatic cholesterol concentrations. These results show that daily supplement of vitamin A increased serum triglycerides and reduced serum and hepatic cholesterol concentrations. Serum and liver alterations were dependent on continued feeding. PMID- 7374367 TI - A lipid mobilizing factor in serum of tumor-bearing mice. AB - There is considerable evidence that the growing tumor requires a source of unsaturated fatty acids, but the nature of this source and the mechanism of mobilizing the fatty acids from it are obscure. These experiments make use of AKR mice with implanted adipose tissue labeled with 1-14C linoleic acid. With this experimental animal, it has been found that: (a) in the normal, fed mouse, fat is mobilized slowly and appears largely as respiratory CO2, following oxidation, (b) in the normal, fasted mouse, fat is mobilized rapidly and appears largely as respiratory CO2; (c) in the tumor-bearing, fed mouse, fat is mobilized rapidly and appears largely in the tumor; and (d) the serum from tumor-bearing mice, when injected into normal mice, produces an immediate massive fat mobilization that does not respond to feeding, whereas the serum from normal, fed mice does not. It is concluded that a mobilizing factor of unknown nature is present in the serum of tumor-bearing AKR mice. PMID- 7374364 TI - Effect of methyl 2-hexadecynoate on hepatic fatty acid metabolism. AB - Normal and hepatoma bearing rats were fed a low level of methyl 2-hexadecynoate in a low fat diet for one month. The effect of the acetylenic acid on lipid metabolism as derived from mass analysis of lipid classes, fatty acids and positional monoene isomers isolated from the major lipid classes of liver and hepatoma has been assessed. Methyl 2-hexadecynoate caused a 25% decrease in body weight and the appearance of essential fatty acid deficiency symptoms within one week. Non-tumor-bearing animals contained a seven-fold increase in all neutral lipid classes, except cholesterol, while host animals did not contain fatty livers. The apparent protective effect of the host animal by the hepatoma also resulted in only marginal changes in the fatty acid and positional monoene isomers from host liver and hepatoma lipids. In contrast to host liver and hepatoma, methyl 2-hexadecynoate caused a massive accumulation of palmitate and hexadecenoates with a concomitant decrease in stearate and octadecenoates in most of the lipid classes from non-tumor-bearing animals. These changes were accompanied by a shift from the higher molecular weight triglycerides to lower molecular weights corresponding to carbon number 48. The high concentrations of hexadecenoates consisted predominantly of the delta 9 isomer. Despite the high concentrations of cis delta 9 hexadecenoate, precursor of cis delta 11 octadecenoate (vaccenate), total vaccenate levels of the five major lipid classes were lower than control values. All of these data strongly suggest that long chain 2-ynoic acids inhibit elongation of saturated and monoene fatty acids. PMID- 7374368 TI - Inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid elongation by antibodies to 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase. AB - Antibodies to pig heart 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase inhibited almost completely and in a parallel fashion thiolase and the acetyl-CoA-dependent fatty acid elongation system present in an acetone powder extract of pig heart mitochondria. This finding leads to the conclusion that mitochondrial fatty acid elongation occurs by reversal of fatty acid oxidation. Several lines of evidence point to the thiolase-catalyzed condensation reaction as the rate-limiting step in the formation of elongated products. However, the accumulation of hydroxy acids suggests the enoyl-CoA reductase activity is limiting in the synthesis of saturated fatty acids. PMID- 7374369 TI - Incorporation of [1-14C]octadecanol into the lipids of Leishmania donovani. AB - After incubation of stationary phase Leishmania donovani with [1-14C]octadecanol, about 70% of the precursor was taken up within 3 hr. Wax esters and acyl moieties of glycerolipids contained most of the 14C-activity from 3 to 6 hr, because octadecanol was partly oxidized to stearate. Ether moieties were only weakly labeled. After 40 hr, 1-0-alkyl and 1-0-alk-1'-enyl diacylglycerols as well as 1 0-alkyl and 1-0-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamines contained nearly all of the radioactivity. Most of the label in the neutral ether lipids was located in the alkyl ether side chain, whereas, in the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction, most of the label was found in the alkenyl ether side chain. Administration of 1-0-[1-14C]hexadecyl glycerol resulted in rapid labeling of the vinyl ether side chain of phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen (1 hr) increasing further at 2.5 hr. Most of the radioactivity in the alkoxy diacylglycerols was found in the 1-0-alkyl moiety. PMID- 7374371 TI - Analysis of dolichol in human tissues by high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - Dolichol from human liver was shown by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography to consist of a series of homologues ranging in length from 17 to 23 isoprene units. The two major components, corresponding to 19 and 20 isoprene units, respectively, were isolated and identified by mass spectrometry. Dolichyl palmitate, synthesized from liver dolichol, showed an identical series of peaks with longer retention times. Attempts to chromatography dolichyl phosphate under similar conditions were unsuccessful. Dolichol from uterine tissue and several other human tissues showed a shift toward shorter chain length, with a predominance of homologues containing 18 and 19 isoprene units. PMID- 7374370 TI - Activation of the phospholipase A1 activity of lipoprotein lipase by apoprotein C II. AB - The effect of apo very low density lipoprotein (apo VLDL) and apoprotein C-II on the phospholipase A1 activity associated with lipoprotein lipase (E.C.3.1.1.3) was studied using purified bovine milk lipoprotein lipase. The enzyme degraded 14C phosphatidylcholine (PC) to 14C 2-acyl lysophosphatidylcholine at a rate of 0.28 +/- 0.01 nmol/min/ml and triolein at a rate of 20.3 +/- 0.4 nmol/min/ml in mixed emulsions of PC and triolein. The phospholipase activity and triacylglycerol lipase activity were both increased by the addition of apo VLDL and apoprotein C-II. After maximal activation, the rate of PC degradation was 1.19 +/- 0.02 nmol/min/ml and triolein degradation 64.4 +/- 0.4 nmol/min/ml. Activation of phospholipase A1 activity and triacylglycerol lipase activity occurred in parallel. PMID- 7374372 TI - Secondary regulatory sites in rat liver cholesterol biosynthesis: role of 5 pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase. AB - The activity of 5-pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase in 43,000 g supernatant fractions from livers and kidneys of male adult rats has been determined. Enzyme activity in liver is significantly increased when rats are fed a diet containing 3% cholestyramine (268% of control rats) and decreased when fed a diet containing 2% cholesterol (25% of control rats). No circadian rhythm of enzyme activity is found in liver or kidneys. These results show that variations in hepatic cholesterogenesis affect the activity of 5-pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase in a similar way as other enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. PMID- 7374373 TI - Effects of three dietary fats on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in fasting and post-prandial humans after a short-term diet. AB - The effects of 3 dietary fats (olive oil, canbra oil and butter) on the fatty acids of blood lipids and on serum lipoproteins were compared in 6 healthy adult outpatients, after a 6-day normocaloric diet including 35% of the studied fat. Important, although incomplete, changes appeared in the fatty acid composition of the various serum lipids and in the composition and distribution of serum lipoproteins. These changes probably result from the degree of saturation of the fat ingested. Moreover, differences were observed among individual subjects. Genetic differences, which are important in clinical practice, are stressed in connection with risks of vascular diseases and hyperlipidemia and affect intestinal fat absorption and lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 7374374 TI - Effect of dietary taurine on bile acid metabolism in guinea pigs. AB - The effect of oral administration of taurine (200-300 mg daily) on the metabolism of bile acids was studied in male guinea pigs which have predominantly glycine conjugated bile acids. The results were summarized as follows: (a) oral administration of taurine for 10 days increased taurine-conjugated bile acids and the ratio of glycine- to taurine-conjugated bile acids (G:T ratio) shifted from 3.95 to 0.19; (b) in taurine fed guinea pigs, the half-life of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC) was about 40% shorter than that in controls and the fractional turnover rate increased by 70%; (c) the synthetic rate (mg/day/500 g body weight) of bile acids increased from 4.28 to 7.27 by taurine feeding; (d) hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity was increased 2.4-fold by taurine feeding; (e) the total pool size of bile acids did not change significantly but the amount of lithocholic acid in the caecum and large intestine increased by about 40%; (f) neither free cholesterol nor cholesterol ester levels in liver and serum changed significantly. Results of this study suggest that changing the G:T ratio in the bile acid conjugation pattern may influence the rate of hepatic bile acid synthesis. PMID- 7374376 TI - Isolation and analysis of age-related fluorescent substances in rat testes. AB - Fluorescent substances were extracted from rat testicular tissue with 2,2 dimethoxypropane (DMP) and analyzed by 2-dimensional thin layer chromatography (TLC). One substance that accumulated with increasing age of the animals was isolated and analyzed quantitatively by spectrophotofluorometry using quinine sulfate as a standard. This substance, which was designed as an age-related fluorescent substance (ARFS), exhibited an excitation maximum at 355 nm and an emission maximum at 490 nm. Its fluorescence was quenched by metal chelators and at alkaline pH, indicating it contained a conjugated Schiff base structure. Quantitative analysis of this substance in the testes of rats 1, 2, 11 and 20 months of age showed that it increased linearly with age. The relation of this substance to aging also was indicated by its detection in animals of different ages fed diets of both low and high unsaturation. PMID- 7374375 TI - Effects of diet and high density lipoprotein subfractions on the removal of cellular cholesterol. PMID- 7374378 TI - Essential fatty acid restriction inhibits vitamin D-dependent calcium absorption. AB - Essential fatty acid (EFA) restriction has been found to inhibit the action of vitamin D on the active transport of calcium in the intestine. This inhibition suggests EFAs are involved in facilitating the active transport of calcium across the mucosal membrane. PMID- 7374377 TI - Erucic acid-induced alteration of cardiac triglyceride hydrolysis. PMID- 7374379 TI - Mitochondrial metabolism of (D,L)-threo-9, 10-dibromo plamitic acid. AB - Bromination of palmitoleic or palmitelaidic acid proceeds by trans addition and yields dibrominated products which cannot undergo beta-oxidation when incubated with mitochondria isolated from hamster brown adipose tissue. These mitochondria were selected because they have a high capacity for oxidation of C16 fatty acids and because they are readily uncoupled by an excess of free fatty acids of this chain length. The only metabolites which could be recovered from the incubation mixtures were dibromopalmitoylcarnitine and dibromopalmitoyl CoA. Free fatty acid was also recovered. Addition of synthetic carnitine or CoA esters of brominated fatty acids did not interfere with subsequent oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine. Addition of the free brominated fatty acids did not significantly increase the rate of oxidation of subsequent additions of palmitoylcarnitine, as did other known synthetic uncouplers. These results are consistent with observations by others that feeding brominated oils leads to brominated fatty acid incorporation into tissue lipids, and indicate why this is so. They also provide a possible explanation for the hepatic damage noted in feeding experiments. PMID- 7374381 TI - A single-step method for determination of the specific radioactivity of lipids. AB - The use of a liquid scintillation counter to measure both the mass and the radioactivity content of charred 14C-labeled lipid bands from thin layer chromatoplates has been evaluated. Following lipid mass determination from a measurement of the external standard channels ratio, a suitable choice of counting parameters enabled a reproducible and efficient 14C count to be obtained over virtually the whole range of lipid concentrations tested. Although the charring procedure resulted in some loss of radioactivity, the efficiency of counting remained high enough for accurate dpm measurements. PMID- 7374380 TI - Effect of ethanol administration on fatty acid desaturation. AB - The effect of ethanol on the fatty acid desaturation by rat liver has been studied using liquid diets of different composition. Acute ethanol administration increased triacylglycerols of total liver lipids, but did not modify significantly the lipidic composition of microsomes. The delta 6 and delta 5 desaturases were inhibited by ethanol whereas the delta 9 desaturase and fatty acid synthetase were apparently modified only by diet composition. NADH cytochrome (cyt.) c reductase was partially inhibited, whereas NADH-cyt. b5 reductase remained practically unaltered and NADPH-cyt. c reductase activity was enhanced. Decreased electrons supplied by the microsomal cyt. b5 electron transport chain would not be the reason for the inhibition of delta 6 and delta 5 desaturases by ethanol. PMID- 7374383 TI - The effect of dietary fat on the fatty acid composition of lipids secreted in rats' milk. AB - During pregnancy and lactation, female rats were fed diets containing either 28% partially hydrogenated marine oil (28MO), 2% arachis oil (2AO), or no fat (FF). Milk lipid composition was examined by gas chromatographic analysis of the gastric content of 10-day-old suckling pups. An increase to 45% in the milk content of long chain monoenoic acids, 18:1, 20:1 and 22:1, reflects the fatty acid composition of the marine oil. Milk fatty acids of medium chain length comprised 6%, 31% and 24% of total fatty acids in the (28MO), (2AO) and (FF) groups, respectively, suggesting that a high-fat diet (28MO) inhibits the lipid synthetic activity of mammary glands. The amount of dienoic C18-acids (6%) in the group fed (28MO) containing no essential fatty acids (EFA) was similar to the amount of 18:2 in the group receiving a low-fat, EFA-rich diet (2AO). However, only half the dienoic acid from the milk of the (28MO)-fed animals was linoleic acid, which was most likely mobilized from fat depots. PMID- 7374382 TI - Lipids of myelin, white matter and gray matter in a case of generalized deficiency of cytochrome b5 reductase in congenital methemoglobinemia with mental retardation. AB - The lipid classes and fatty acid compositions of myelin, white matter and gray matter were analyzed in a case of generalized deficiency of cytochrome b5 reductase in congenital methemoglobinemia with mental retardation. When compared with normal data, the percentage of 24:1 was considerably decreased and diminished unsaturation was observed in cerebrosides, whereas the sum of 24:0 and 24:1 was the same as in normals. The ratio of hydroxy fatty acids to total fatty acids in cerebrosides was low. The contents of cholesterol and phospholipids in white matter were reduced to 80% of the normal, whereas cerebroside was reduced to 48% of the normal. PMID- 7374384 TI - [Evaluation of the absorptive-excretory function of the liver with 131I-labelled bromsulfan and rose bengal]. PMID- 7374385 TI - [X-ray and radiological study of the kidneys in lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 7374387 TI - [Cytogenetic effect in nonuniform occupational irradiation with fast neutrons]. PMID- 7374386 TI - [Clinical dosimetric aspects of the radiation therapy of endometrial cancer]. PMID- 7374388 TI - [Individual differences in postradiation recovery of the bone marrow from nonuniform irradiation (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7374389 TI - [Collective irradiation dosage of the population of the USSR resulting from the use of ionizing radiation sources for medical purposes]. PMID- 7374390 TI - [Formation of the dosage field in utilizing a grid diaphragm in gamma teletherapy]. PMID- 7374391 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of tetracycline-99mTc in tumors and inflammatory necrotic processes (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7374392 TI - Genes and their disease associations. PMID- 7374393 TI - Two mintues with diabetes. PMID- 7374394 TI - Echocardiogram of the month: mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 7374397 TI - Other uses of the Pap test--the urinary tract. PMID- 7374396 TI - The management of arrhythmias. PMID- 7374398 TI - The diagnosis of arrhythmias: the relative roles of the ECG, Holter monitoring, exercise stress testing, and electrophysiologic studies. PMID- 7374395 TI - The management of arrhythmias. PMID- 7374399 TI - Ambulatory management of ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 7374400 TI - Recognition and management of supraventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 7374401 TI - The management of life-threatening arrhythmias. PMID- 7374402 TI - Pacing for tachycardias. PMID- 7374403 TI - Parasystole--"One heart beating as two!". PMID- 7374404 TI - Newer approaches to diet management of diabetes: calorie control. PMID- 7374405 TI - Sarcoidosis. Part 1--Making the diagnosis: "All that glitters is not sarcoid". PMID- 7374406 TI - What's new for neuropathic syndromes. PMID- 7374408 TI - Ten steps to a successful exercise program. PMID- 7374409 TI - When--and how--to use an oral agent. PMID- 7374407 TI - Saving the diabetic foot. PMID- 7374411 TI - [A two-lane road. Patient compliance]. PMID- 7374410 TI - [May the dermatologist interpret an ECG?]. PMID- 7374412 TI - [Venous compression syndromes]. PMID- 7374413 TI - [Changes in blood chemistry after ingestion of alcohol]. PMID- 7374414 TI - [Rate of infection after implantation of pacemakers without general preventive administration of antibiotics]. PMID- 7374416 TI - [The phlebo-arthrotic syndrome in orthopedics]. PMID- 7374415 TI - [Therapy of hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa, IIb and IV with Etofibrate retard]. PMID- 7374417 TI - [Months-long waiting times. Genetic counseling]. PMID- 7374418 TI - [Improvement of urine cytological diagnosis]. PMID- 7374419 TI - [Juvenile minimal brain dysfunction]. PMID- 7374420 TI - [Hearing, language and speaking disorders as symptoms of brain dysfunction]. PMID- 7374421 TI - [Lowering of the serum cholesterol level with beta-sitosterin. Experiences from the medical practice]. PMID- 7374422 TI - [Chronic spastic bronchitis, Broncho-euphylline in a double-blind study]. PMID- 7374424 TI - [Compliance or non-compliance--that is the question]. PMID- 7374423 TI - [The treatment of obesity with the appetite curbing agent Mefenorex]. PMID- 7374425 TI - [Aneurysm of the liver arteries in the gallbladder with hemobilia]. PMID- 7374426 TI - [Disorders and variations of the norm in the behavior of children at various ages]. PMID- 7374427 TI - [Neuropsychological aspects of language development]. PMID- 7374429 TI - [Practice-oriented education in general medicine]. PMID- 7374428 TI - [Monotherapy of uncomplicated essential hypertension with metoprolol]. PMID- 7374431 TI - [Effect of carbon disulfide on the metabolism of connective tissue of rats' aorta and lungs]. AB - Female Wistar rats were exposed to CS2 for 13 months. Afterwards collagen and elastin content in aorta and lungs was determined. In addition, collagen and non collagen protein biosynthesis was determined using 14-C glycine incorporation to proteins. Collagen and elastin content in aorta wall and elastin concentration in lungs were found to be increased. Isotopic method indicated that the specific activity of collagen in aorta wall was increased and activity of pulmonary collagen and non-collagen proteins of aorta and lungs was decreased. The above is indicative of: lowered biosynthesis of noncollagen proteins of aorta and lungs, increased biosynthesis of aorta collagen and increased biosynthesis of aorta and lung elastin. Increased biosynthesis of collagen and elastin in aorta may suggest a possibility of CS2 atherogenic effects. PMID- 7374430 TI - [Determination of petroleum and benzene vapors in the air by gas chromatography]. AB - A gas chromatographic method for determination of extraction naphtha and benzene has been developed. The best parameters of chromatographic separation were found. Under those conditions it is possible to estimate the total concentration of all ingredients of extraction naphtha as one peak clearly separated from benzene peak. Two methods of calibration curve preparation were considered. One of them consists in preparation of calibration curve from extraction naphtha standard solutions. The other one consists in preparation of calibration curve from standard extraction naphtha vapours adsorbed on charcoal. PMID- 7374434 TI - [Absenteeism due to sickness in coal miners]. AB - During two consecutive years sickness absence of 8005 miners from two pit coal mines (A and B) of different geological structure and mechanization degree was analysed. It was found that in mind "A" 37% had no sick leaves, whereas in mine "B"--28%. Absence rate was similar in both mines (though the miners' work and living conditions differed), i.e. 5.21% in mine "A", and 5.98% in mine "B". Thus work and living conditions do not determine general sickness absence rate. The highest absence in both mines was that of miners frequently falling ill for a long time (approx. 5.5% miners). For the group the number of work disablement days was 28.8 and 26.7, respectively. Underground miners' sickness absence was higher than that of surface workers, the rate being 3.8 and 4.0 and 1.1 and 2.1, respectively. The highest absence was that of miners travelling to work on motor cycles (7.1 and 7.3) and bicycles (6.4 and 6.7). Those working regularly in the first shift were more frequently absent from work than those working in different shifts. Miners living in worse conditions had higher absence rate than those living in flats of a higher standard. Also elderly employees and those having children represented a higher absence rate. The highest absence rate was that of workers having four children, the lowest--that of single persons. In addition, specific absence rate of men, especially due to respiratory and circulatory system diseases, was found to be enhanced by smoking. Absence rate of smokers was 2--3 times higher than that of non-smokers. PMID- 7374432 TI - [Study of the relationship between pulmonary changes and blood plasma composition under the effect of industrial dust. III. Usefulness of the results of the studies for diagnostic purposes]. AB - The paper presents results of statistic calculations enabling to define the diagnostic usefulness of results of determining free aminoacids in blood plasma for evaluation of workers' exposure to grinding and ceramic dusts and welding fume. Determination of proline in the blood plasma of ceramic industry workers and electric welders and determination of hydroxyproline in welders' blood plasma were found to be a particularly significant and early index of exposure to ceramic dust or welding fume. PMID- 7374433 TI - [Results of the electrocardiographic examination in pneumoconiosis of miners]. AB - In the group of 333 miners of pitcoal mines, who had developed simple coniosis, deviation in EKG curve were analysed. The examination excluded cases with accompanying chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma and arterial hypertension. The results did not reveal any significant changes which would prove that the right ventricle is overloaded. Differences in electrocardiogram between individual radiological types of simple coniosis were not found, either. The electrocardiographic anomalies varied with age. PMID- 7374435 TI - Apolipoprotein B metabolism in normal, type IV and type V hyperlipoproteinemic subjects. PMID- 7374436 TI - Postprandial adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in primary hypertriglyceridemia. AB - The fasting activity of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase has been previously reported to be either normal or reduced in subjects with a primary form of hypertriglyceridemia. The postprandial activity of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase has not been previously reported in these subjects. In subjects with primary hypertriglyceridemia the fasting lipoprotein lipase activity eluted from pieces of adipose tissue by heparin and the enzyme activity present in extracts of acetone--ether tissue powders were similar to the level of enzyme activity found in normal subjects. There also was no difference in the postprandial adipose tissue heparin-elutable lipoprotein lipase activity between these two groups when measured after high carbohydrate feeding. When the subjects with primary hypertriglyceridemia were further subdivided by genetic diagnosis, there was no difference in the level of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase of subjects with familial hypertriglyceridemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, or in those in whom no specific genetic diagnosis could be made. The change in lipoprotein lipase activity after feeding was inversely related to the fasting enzyme level in both the normal subjects (r = -0.58, p less than 0.05, n = 12) and the hypertriglyceridemic subjects (r = -0.92, p less than 0.01, n = 11). In the normal subjects, the plasma triglyceride response to feeding correlated inversely with the postprandial change in lipoprotein lipase activity (r = -0.76, p less than 0.02, n = 12). Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in patients with primary lipoprotein lipase deficiency was markedly reduced in the fasting state and remained essentially zero after feeding. This suggests that a functional role exists for the enzyme activity as measured. PMID- 7374437 TI - Regulation of pool sizes and turnover rates of amino acids in humans: 15N-glycine and 15N-alanine single-dose experiments using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. AB - Gas chromatography--mass spectrometry (GCMS) of plasma amino acid derivatives has been used to determine directly the 15N-enrichment of plasma glycine and alanine in ten volunteers at various metabolic states. Isotope-enrichment time-decay curves of plasma glycine and alanine, following a single intravenous dose of 15N glycine or 15N-L alanine were obtained and provide an estimate of the extracellular compartment. Relatively narrow ranges were obtained for the glycine pool (7.7--11.8 micromole/100 g body wt), rate constants of transport (3.7--4.2 hr-1) and flux (28--43 micromole hr-1/100 g body wt) in the postabsorptive statcine pool (7.7--11.8 mumole/100 g body wt), rate constants of transport (3.7- 4.2 hr-1) and flux (28--43 mumole hr-1/100 g body wt) in the postabsorptive state. In postprandial humans, pool sizes showed only a modest variation whereas the rate constants of transport of glycine and alanine were significantly lower. The plasma 15N-glycine and 15N-alanine isotope-enrichment time-decay curves over the first hour following a single i.v. dose of 15-amino acid represent mostly the hepatic uptake of glycine and alanine from the extracellular pool. The results presented in this study establish the stable isotope GCMS method as a more accurate, more convenient, and safe alternative to the use of radioactive labeled amino acids in studies of amino acid metabolism in human subjects. PMID- 7374438 TI - Increased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men treated short-term with the diuretic chlorthalidone. AB - The effect of the diuretic chlorthalidone (100 mg/day for 6 weeks) on serum lipoproteins was evaluated in 37 subjects. In 19 men with essential hypertension (aged 41 +/- 3 yr), 8 normal men (26 +/- 3 yr), or all of these men considered together, chlorthalidone significantly increased serum low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C) by 20% (p less than 0.05 to less than 0.01). There was also a tendency for increased LDL-C in seven postmenopausal women (+/- 15%) but not in three premenopausal women with essential hypertension. High density lipoprotein- cholesterol was not significantly changed in hypertensive women or normal men and decreased slightly (p less than 0.05) in hypertensive men. Apolipoproteins A-I, A II, and B were not changed significantly in women or men. Diuretic-induced lipoprotein alterations were not associated with altered plasma volume and unrelated to variations in serum potassium, glucose, insulin levels, blood pressure, and body weight. Short-term diuretic therapy with chlorthalidone may increase serum LDL-C in young or middle-aged men with normal or high blood pressure. PMID- 7374439 TI - Development of basal lipolysis and fat cell size in the epididymal fat pad of normal rats. AB - The normal development of adipose tissue lipolysis as measured by glycerol release was studied in epididymal fat pads of fed and fasted Sprague-Dawley rats between 15 and 128 days of age and correlated with changes in fat cell size. At 15 and 17 days of age, when fat cell size was small, glycerol release per cell was highest and decreased steadily to adult levels by 73 days of age. Between 85 and 128 days of age as fat cell size continued to increase, glycerol release per cell began to rise. Therefore, glycerol release per cell inversely correlated with fat cell size during early development and directly correlated with fat cell size after 73 days of age. The response to fasting was variable in the younger rats but was established by the third postnatal week. The possible early reciprocal and later complementary roles of lipolytic activity and lipoprotein lipase activity in the "setting" and regulation of fat cell size during postnatal adipose tissue development is discussed. PMID- 7374440 TI - Purine metabolism during strenuous muscular exercise in man. AB - This study was designed to examine the influence of exercise on purine metabolism in man. In 15 men, the plasma uric acid concentration increased from 6.9 to 8.5 mg/dl following a 5000-m race and from 6.2 to 7.9 mg/dl in 11 men following a 42 km marathon. During a progressive exercise test on a cycle ergometer, the plasma uric acid ocnentration did not change significantly in 11 subjects. However, the plasma oxypurines increased from 19 micrM at rest to 50 microM at exhaustion and the urinary excretion of oxypurines increased from 140 to 400 mumol/g creatinine. Intracellular ATP decreased from 5.17 to 2.91 mumol/g and ADP and AMP increased from 0.85 to 1.29 and from 0.12 to 0.15 mumol/g wet weight, respectively. These observations suggest that there is an accelerated degradation of purine nucleotides to the precursors of uric acid in skeletal muscle during vigorous exercise. PMID- 7374442 TI - The mechanism of adaptive hyperlipogenesis: insulin receptor binding and glucokinase activity in rat liver during fasting and refeeding. AB - In the present study, rats were fasted for 3 days and subsequently refed for 1, 3, or 5 days. Measurements of insulin binding to its receptors on liver plasma membranes were carried out in conjunction with measurements of the activity of an insulin-regulated enzyme from liver cytosol, glucokinase. In response to the 3 day fast (chronic hypoinsulinemia), the insulin receptor number almost tripled, whereas the glucokinase activity was halved. The insulin receptor number slowly fell to control values during the 5 days of refeeding. In contrast, glucokinase activity rose to levels 2.5 times higher than control (5 times higher than the fasting values) after 1 day of refeeding. Altough the activity fell off somewhat during refeeding it was still dobule control values after 5 days refeeding. It was concluded that in the fasted rat there was a dissociation between insulin receptor concentration and the activity of the insulin-regulated enzyme glucokinase. However, the fasting-induced increase in receptor concentration appeared to play a permissive role in the rapid overshoot of glucokinase activity observed in the early stages of refeeding. Such a scheme would explain the metabolic changes occurring in the fasted-refed rat. PMID- 7374441 TI - Mechanism of the hypolipemic effect of clofibrate in glucose-fed men. PMID- 7374443 TI - Adipocyte size distribution in fa/fa rats during development. AB - Epididymal fat pad adipocyte frequency distributions of obese (fa/fa) and nonobese (non-fa/fa) Zucker rats were determined from 2 to 20 wk of age. The fa/fa rats consistently displayed a higher proportion of larger adipocytes than the non-fa/fa rats of all ages studied. Increased adipocyte size preceded an increase in the number of adipocytes during the early phases of obese development. Among the fa/fa rats, the frequency of small cells continued to increase, which resulted in a bimodal distribution by 20 wk of age. Discriminant analysis suggests that the differences in adipocyte size frequency distributions at 2 wk of age may be another useful means to identify fa/fa and non-fa/fa pups prior to expression of overt obesity. Increased fat storage may reflect the lower energy expended by the very young fa/fa rats. PMID- 7374445 TI - Isotopic study of ketone body kinetics: invalidity of calculations based upon specific radioactivity of total ketone bodies. PMID- 7374448 TI - Metabolic changes in the rat anterior pituitary and prolactin production following estradiol treatment. PMID- 7374446 TI - Red cell magnesium as a function of cell age. AB - The variation in the magnesium content of human red cells as a function of cell age has been measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The cell population was split into different age fractions using discontinuous density gradient centrifugation, since it is known that cell density increases with age. A mathematical model relating predicted cell age to cell density has been developed which allows the quantification of the observed fall-off in magnesium content with cell age. This model suggests that cells lose magnesium monoexponentially with age, the half-life being approximately 100 days. A previously proposed hypothesis that magnesium could enter the cells only at erythropoiesis and then decay monoexponentially predicted a half-life of 22.4 days and is therefore seen to be an oversimplification of magnesium kinetics in the red cell. The relevance of the present findings to pathologic conditions with abnormal red cell magnesium concentrations is discussed. PMID- 7374444 TI - Fibroblast fatty acids in cystic fibrosis. AB - The possibility of an inborn error of linoleic acid metabolism or of linoleic acid content in cystic fibrosis (CF) was investigated using fibroblasts from children with CF and from control children. Three experiments were done in which fibroblasts were cultured with 1-14C linoleic acid in media containing: (experiment 1) regular fetal calf serum (FCS); (experiment 2) linoleic acid supplemented FCS; and (experiment 3) delipidated FCS supplemented with linoleic acid. Radioactivity from 1-14C linoleic acid incorporated into the total lipids was quantitatively similar in CF fibroblasts compared to controls in all three experiments. In the first two experiments the radioactivity incorporated into the phospholipid fraction was slightly higher in CF fibroblasts than in controls, whereas radioactivity incorporated into the neutral lipid fraction of CF fibroblasts was slightly lower than in controls. These differences were not found in experiment 3. No differences in linoleic and arachidonic acid composition were found between CF and control fibroblasts in any of the three experiments. The inability to find major alterations in linoleic acid metabolism or content in fibroblasts from children with CF makes a primary metabolic defect in linoleic acid metabolism unlikely. PMID- 7374447 TI - Correlation of plasma propylthiouracil levels with inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis in the rat. AB - The inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis was studied in relation to plasma levels of 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU). Na 125I (5 muCi) was injected i.p. into adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. After 30 min, graded doses of PTU (0.2 mg/kg. 0.1 mg/kg, and 0.05 mg/kg) were similarly injected. Thyroid hormone synthesis was followed by the accumulation of radioactivity into thyroid glands, which were removed at specified time intervals. PTU levels were measured spectrophotometrically at the time of sacrifice. A-ditionally, PTU (35S) was used to confirm blood levels of PTU and also to follow intrathyroidal PTU levels. Plasma PTU levels in excess of 0.18 microgram/ml completely inhibited thyroid hormone synthesis. Levels between 0.14 and 0.09 microgram/ml had a partial effect, and PTU levels less than 0.09 microgram/ml had no effect on thyroid hormone synthesis. PMID- 7374449 TI - Rhythmic variations of valine and leucine decarboxylation in rat diaphragm. AB - Daily rhythmic variations of valine and leucine decarboxylation in the rat diaphragm were measured. Both valine and leucine decarboxylation increased during the hours of darkness and decreased during hours of light. Hypophysectomy eliminated the daily variation of decarboxylation. When food is available ad lib. to normal rats, the time of most active feeding coincides with the hours of darkness. Therefore, the period of darkness and maximum feeding coincides with the maximum oxidation of these two essential amino acids, valine and leucine, by diaphragm, and an active pituitary appears to be necessary to maintain this relationship. This model can be used to study interrelationships to behavioral, neurohumoral, and metabolic rhythms. PMID- 7374450 TI - Nutrition-aging influence of catecholamine-promoted lipolysis. AB - Male SPF Fischer 344 rats were fed ad lib. (group A) or 60% ad lib. intake (group R) from 6 wk of age. The group R rats had a markedly increased median length of life. Starting at 6 mo of age, rats were periodically killed and free adipocytes prepared from the epididymal and perirenal depots. The free adipocytes were used for the in vitro study of the effects of age on the promotion of lipolysis by catecholamines. At 6 mo of age, the response of the adipocytes from group A and group R rats was similar when the data are expressed as mumole glycerol released/10(6) adipocytes. With increasing age, however, this lipolytic response to catecholamines of group A rats markedly declined. The catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis/10(6) adipocytes from group R rats changed little between 6 and 18 mo of age, and the decline noted after 18 mo of age was less marked than that occurring in adipocytes from group A rats. The data based on rates of lipolysis/10(6) adipocytes indicate that it is the lifelong nutritional history of a rat population that determines the age-related changes in responsiveness of adipocytes to catecholamines. However, if the data are expressed per sq mm of adipocyte surface, a somewhat different picture emerges. These data are presented and their relevance is discussed. PMID- 7374451 TI - Measurement of isotope effects by the equilibrium perturbation technique. PMID- 7374452 TI - Cooperativity in enzyme function: equilibrium and kinetic aspects. PMID- 7374453 TI - Hysteretic enzymes. PMID- 7374454 TI - The use of alternative substrates to study enzyme-catalyzed chemical modification. PMID- 7374455 TI - Enzyme kinetics of lipolysis. PMID- 7374456 TI - Covalently interconvertible enzyme cascade systems. PMID- 7374457 TI - The isotope trapping method: desorption rates of productive E.S complexes. PMID- 7374458 TI - Oxygen-18 probes of enzymic reactions of phosphate compounds. PMID- 7374459 TI - The use of intensifying screens or organic scintillators for visualizing radioactive molecules resolved by gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7374460 TI - Recovery of DNA from gels. PMID- 7374461 TI - Chemical synthesis of deoxyoligonucleotides by the modified triester method. PMID- 7374462 TI - Purification of commercial NADH. PMID- 7374463 TI - Preparation of 2'P-ADP. PMID- 7374464 TI - Formation of nicotinamide ribose diphosphate ribose, a new metabolite of the NAD pathway, by Aspergillus niger. PMID- 7374465 TI - Nicotinamide deamidase from Flavobacterium peregrinum. PMID- 7374466 TI - Extraction and quantitative determination of larger than tetrameric endogenous polyadenosine diphosphoribose from animal tissues. PMID- 7374467 TI - Covalent modification of proteins by metabolites of NAD+. PMID- 7374468 TI - Determination of FMN and FAD by fluorescence titration with apoflavodoxin. PMID- 7374470 TI - A convenient biosynthetic method for the preparation of radioactive flavin nucleotides using Clostridium kluyveri. PMID- 7374469 TI - Purification of flavin-adenine dinucleotide and coenzyme A on p acetoxymercurianiline-agarose. PMID- 7374471 TI - Isolation, chemical synthesis, and properties of roseoflavin. PMID- 7374472 TI - Isolation, synthesis, and properties of 8-hydroxyflavins. PMID- 7374473 TI - Structure, properties, and determination of covalently bound flavins. PMID- 7374474 TI - A two-step chemical synthesis of lumiflavin. PMID- 7374476 TI - Flavin suicide inhibitor adducts. PMID- 7374475 TI - Syntheses of 5-deazaflavins. PMID- 7374477 TI - Flavin affinity chromatography. PMID- 7374478 TI - Temperature-difference spectra of flavins and flavoproteins. PMID- 7374479 TI - Fluorescence and optical characteristics of reduced flavins and flavoproteins. PMID- 7374480 TI - Time-resolved fluorescence on flavins and flavoproteins. PMID- 7374481 TI - Application of nuclear magnetic resonance and photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization to free and protein-bound flavins. PMID- 7374482 TI - Laser fluorescence techniques. PMID- 7374484 TI - Thin-layer chromatography of pteroylmonoglutamates and related compounds. PMID- 7374483 TI - Chromatographic analysis of pteridines. PMID- 7374485 TI - Separation of folic acid derivatives and pterins by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7374486 TI - Separation of pteroyl-oligo-gamma-L-glutamates by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7374487 TI - Determination of folate by use of radioactive folate and binding proteins. PMID- 7374488 TI - PMR characteristics of folic acid and analogs. PMID- 7374489 TI - Assay of unconjugated pteridines in biological fluids and tissues with Crithidia. PMID- 7374490 TI - Preparation of stereospecific tritium-labeled reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. PMID- 7374491 TI - Isolation and characterization of 6-hydroxymethylpterin as a Crithidia growth promoting factor from spinach chloroplasts. PMID- 7374492 TI - Methods for reduction, stabilization, and analyses of folates. PMID- 7374493 TI - Solid-phase synthesis of pteroylpolyglutamates. PMID- 7374494 TI - Preparation of tritiated dihydrofolic acid of high specific activity. PMID- 7374495 TI - Preparation of folic acid specifically labeled with carbon-13 in the benzoyl carbonyl. PMID- 7374496 TI - Folate and its reduced forms labeled with deuterium at carbon-7. PMID- 7374497 TI - Enzymic synthesis of (d)-L-5-methyltetrahydropteroylglutamate of high specific radioactivity. PMID- 7374498 TI - Enzymic preparations of radiolabeled +-L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate and +-L formyltetrahydrofolate. PMID- 7374499 TI - Kinetic methods for detecting inhibitors in NADH for NADH-dependent enzymes. PMID- 7374500 TI - Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethylpteridine pyrophosphate. PMID- 7374501 TI - Radioassay for dihydropteroate-synthesizing enzyme activity. PMID- 7374502 TI - 7,8-Dihydropteroate-synthesizing enzyme from Plasmodium chabaudi. PMID- 7374503 TI - Intracellular distribution, purification, and properties of dihydrofolate synthetase from pea seedlings. PMID- 7374504 TI - Purification and properties of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase. PMID- 7374505 TI - Formiminotransferase-cyclodeaminase: a bifunctional enzyme from porcine liver. PMID- 7374507 TI - Purification of folate binding factors. PMID- 7374506 TI - Preparation and purification of pteroic acid from pteroylglutamic acid (folic acid). PMID- 7374508 TI - Preparation and use of affinity columns with bovine milk folate-binding protein (FBP) covalently linked to Sepharose 4B. PMID- 7374509 TI - Purification and properties of the folate-binding protein. PMID- 7374510 TI - Kinetics of folate-protein binding. PMID- 7374511 TI - Preparation of an antiserum to sheep liver dihydropteridine reductase. PMID- 7374512 TI - Temperature dependence of the spectroscopic properties of NADH. PMID- 7374513 TI - An improved method for measuring guinolinic acid in biological specimens. PMID- 7374515 TI - Paramedical education--the Hungarian experience: ambulance attendant and ambulance officer training. PMID- 7374517 TI - Australian cancer mortality from 1950 to 1977: analysis of the national mortality statistics. AB - Australian cancer mortality from 1950 to 1977 has been analysed for trend. While mortality rates from "all causes" in both sexes are declining, there has been little decline in mortality rates from all malignant neoplasms in women, and an actual increase in male rates. Most notable are the increasing death rates from cancer of the lung, and declining death rates from cancer of the cervix. PMID- 7374514 TI - Crystallization and properties of quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase from hog liver. PMID- 7374516 TI - HLA studies in Australian multiple-case families of juvenile onset diabetes mellitus. AB - The pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) will remain obscure until the number of genetic mechanisms contributing to susceptibility can be clarified. Australian multiple-case families of IDDM have been examined for concordance in IDDM and HLA haplotypes and analysed for goodness-of-fit to hypotheses of one or two high-risk susceptibility genes. Diabetic siblings are HLA-identical in 75% of cases, confirming the association between HLA and IDDM, and suggesting recessively in inheritance of IDDM susceptibility. However, the most striking finding is that 52% of IDDM offspring are positive for both HLA DRW3 and DRW4, compared with only 8% of their non-diabetic sibs and 1% of the general population. The risk for IDDM for the HLA-DRW3/DRW4 heterozygote is 37.2, and the chance that a child from a multiple-case family of IDDM will himself develop the disease is 6.5 times as great if he is a HLA-DRW3/DRW4 heterozygote than if he is not positive for both antigens. Possible genetic mechanisms are discussed, but the present data strongly support the interaction of two HLA-DR associated susceptibility genes in IDDM and rejects the hypothesis of a single autosomal recessive susceptibility gene. PMID- 7374518 TI - Gunshot wounds of adolescents. AB - A study of gunshot wounds sustained by adolescents revealed 55 cases which required admission to hospital over a five-year period. The most serious injuries occurred in patients who attempted suicide. Two-thirds of the cases resulted from accidental firing of the weapon in a variety of circumstances. The law relating to the possession and use of firearms by adolescents is outlined. PMID- 7374519 TI - Hodgkin's disease: ten years' experience of a combined lymphoma clinic. The Prince of Wales Hospital Oncology Cooperative Group (lymphoma), Sidney. PMID- 7374520 TI - Hydroxyurea induced hepatitis. AB - A case of hydroxyurea-induced self-limited hepatitis with an influenza-like reaction to hydroxyurea therapy is presented. The association was supported by recurrence of the symptoms on rechallenge with the drug. PMID- 7374521 TI - Mortality in the Hunter Region, New South Wales, 1970 to 1977. AB - For the past two decades, crude mortality rates for the Hunter Health Region of New South Wales have been consistently higher by about 5% than those for the State in general. This is, in part, attributable to a concentration of deaths, particularly of those from ischaemic heart disease and stroke, in two major industrial areas within the Region. Favourable modification of these mortality inequalities may be possible in some cases through legislation and education. The importance of these inequalities for planning health care resources is also discussed. PMID- 7374522 TI - Use of lower-limb prostheses: a questionnaire survey. AB - The degree of use made of artificial legs by a sample of primary amputees is investigated by means of a questionnaire survey. Only four respondents indicated non-usage, but, of the remainder, about half indicated that they had problems which prevented them from using their prostheses "fully"; the vast majority of these, however, stood and/or walked on their prostheses every day. PMID- 7374523 TI - Pindolol in orthostatic hypotension: possible therapy? AB - The association of recumbent hypertension with orthostatic hypotension provides a clinical situation which is extremely difficult to treat. The present report describes two patients who presented with this disorder and evaluates the use of pindolol in their management. PMID- 7374525 TI - National Heart Foundation position statement on automated coin-operated machines for measuring blood pressure. PMID- 7374524 TI - Modern treatment of oesophageal strictures. AB - The results of 185 dilatations of oesophageal strictures with the rigid oesophagoscope are reported. The complication rate was 6%, which included five perforations (2.7%), and one death. The new technique of Eder-Puestow wire-guided dilatation was used in 20 cases without complication. These results, together with other reported experience of Eder-Puestow dilatation, suggest that this technique is superior to that of rigid dilatation on the grounds both of safety and of cost. PMID- 7374526 TI - Possible use of mianserin in cases of unacceptable weight gain due to tricyclic anti-depressant therapy. PMID- 7374527 TI - Copies of electrocardiograms to referring doctor. PMID- 7374529 TI - Malingering. PMID- 7374528 TI - Accurate identification of yeast isolates. PMID- 7374530 TI - Rapid death of a child after a taipan bite. PMID- 7374531 TI - Ear disease in rural Australia. PMID- 7374532 TI - Quality assurance. PMID- 7374533 TI - Christmas eye. PMID- 7374534 TI - Genes in diabetes. PMID- 7374535 TI - Burns--disaster and challenge. PMID- 7374536 TI - Infection after elective colorectal surgery. PMID- 7374537 TI - Heatstroke in infants. PMID- 7374538 TI - Deliberate obstruction of the pancreatic duct. PMID- 7374539 TI - Gastroenterology. PMID- 7374540 TI - The use of therapeutic drug monitoring. PMID- 7374541 TI - Drug and laboratory usage in Australian hospitals. PMID- 7374543 TI - Australian mesothelioma register. PMID- 7374542 TI - Mesothelioma--ignorance is not bliss. PMID- 7374544 TI - Acute psychosis precipitated by encounter group experience. AB - Three female patients who suffered acute psychotic illness are described. All these patients became ill during or shortly after attendance at an encounter group run by a single organization. The leadership style of encounter groups run by this organization appears to have been confrontative and authoritarian. Previous studies of "encounter group casualties" suggest that this leadership style is associated with a high risk of psychological injury. PMID- 7374546 TI - Comment on dietary polyunsaturated fats and malignant melanoma. One way to improve the quality of clinical research in Australia. PMID- 7374545 TI - Dietary polyunsaturated fats and malignant melanoma. AB - The consumption of polyunsaturated fat of a group of patients with malignant melanoma was compared to that of various groups of control subjects to determine whether such dietary fats predispose to the development of malignant melanoma. The results are tabulated with reference to various associated factors, and a statistical assessment of their significance is presented. The writers were unable to agree on the interpretation of the results, and present two opposing views on whether the ingestion of polyunsaturated fat is associated with the incidence of malignant melanoma. PMID- 7374547 TI - Changes in neurological practice in South Australia after the introduction of computerized tomography. AB - There has been no significant change in the age distribution of patients undergoing neuroradiological investigations after the introduction of computerized tomography (CT) in South Australia. The referral pattern has not changed, and adequate clinical neurological assessment was apparent both before and after the availability of CT, with the application of CT being selective rather than additive. Initial impression suggests some reduction in bed utilization after the introduction of CT. PMID- 7374548 TI - Vascular compression: cause of trigeminal neuralgia. AB - Fifty patients with trigeminal neuralgia have been operated upon, and the site of origin of the fifth nerve from the pons has been explored. Forty-four of these patients were demonstrated to have vascular compression at this point, and relief of the vascular compression resulted in pain relief in all of these patients, although two patients experienced some recurrence of pain. The maximum follow-up period is now six years. It is considered that the most common cause of trigeminal neuralgia is vascular compression of the fifth nerve at the nerve root entry zone. PMID- 7374549 TI - Drug assay services and therapeutic drug use in a general hospital. PMID- 7374550 TI - Immunoblastic lymphoma in husband and wife. AB - Cases of an identical diffuse immunoblastic lymphoma in husband and wife are reported. The disease was fatal in both cases, deaths occurring within weeks of each other, and similar clinical characteristics were present in both patients. PMID- 7374551 TI - APGAR scores, respiratory distress syndrome and salbutamol. AB - In parallel studies at St Mary's Hospital, Portsmouth, in which women presenting in premature labour at 20 to 36 weeks' gestation were treated with salbutamol by mouth (208 women) or by parenteral administration (20 women), the prevention of low apgar scores was significant (P less than 0.01) if the dose-delivery interval was less than four hours and the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was significant (P less than 0.05) if the dose-delivery interval was less than three hours. PMID- 7374552 TI - Government funding for medical research. PMID- 7374553 TI - Propranolol psychosis. PMID- 7374555 TI - Inversion of the uterus. PMID- 7374554 TI - Drug addiction. PMID- 7374556 TI - Vaginitis and the laboratory. PMID- 7374557 TI - Blood for elective surgery. PMID- 7374559 TI - School into institute. PMID- 7374558 TI - Toxoplasmosis: tests for diagnosis. PMID- 7374560 TI - Medical manpower in Australia. PMID- 7374561 TI - Death on the roads: public apathy and medical disinterest. PMID- 7374562 TI - Debendox in pregnancy. PMID- 7374563 TI - Australian Society of Blood Transfusion--report of Working Party. PMID- 7374564 TI - Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee report for 1978. PMID- 7374565 TI - Maximal mid-inspiratory to maximal mid-expiratory flow rate ratio in upper airway obstruction. AB - The maximal mid-inspiratory to maximal mid-expiratory flow rate ratio (MMIF/MMEF) was measured in 16 patients with upper airway obstruction, in eight with pleural disease, in 25 with chest wall abnormalities, in 64 with various lung diseases and in 28 normal subjects. MMIF/MMEF ratio values of less than 1.0 were recorded in eight out of 16 patients with upper airway obstruction, in nine out of 25 patients with chest wall abnormalities and in one normal subject. Our findings show that a MMIF/MMEF ratio less than 1.0 although suggestive, is not diagnostic of upper airway obstruction. However, reduced MMIF/MMEF ratio in the presence of airflow obstruction is specific in localizing obstruction to the upper airway. PMID- 7374566 TI - Aneurysm in the cervical spinal canal. AB - The clinical course of an adult patient suffering from a very rare condition of an expanding aneurysm in the cervical spinal canal is described. This case was followed-up and fully documented from the commencement of the first symptoms to the ultimate result after successful surgery. PMID- 7374567 TI - Intermittent volvulus of the sigmoid colon. AB - Three patients in the younger age group are described who are thought to have had intermittent volvulus of the sigmoid colon. Successful treatment was effected by sigmoid colectomy and end-to-end anastomosis. The incidence and aetiology of sigmoid volvulus are reviewed, with particular reference to its occurrence in younger patients. PMID- 7374568 TI - Minoxidil and labetalol: very effective antihypertensive combination. AB - Minoxidil is an extremely potent hypotensive drug. Good control of refractory hypertension can be achieved without major side effects by using small to moderate doses in combination with other drugs. In particular, minoxidil and labetalol are effective when they are used with frusemide. PMID- 7374569 TI - Primary medical care in a small rural community. PMID- 7374570 TI - Fatal overdose with disopyramide. PMID- 7374571 TI - Funnel web spiders in the house. PMID- 7374572 TI - Alcaptonuria or ochronosis. PMID- 7374573 TI - Some medico-legal implications of the Human Tissue Transplant Act. PMID- 7374574 TI - Abortion in Queesland. PMID- 7374575 TI - Abortion. PMID- 7374576 TI - The modern hospice. PMID- 7374577 TI - Audit of peer review. PMID- 7374578 TI - Stable plasma protein solution (SPPS) and myocardial infarction. PMID- 7374579 TI - Trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 7374581 TI - Rebirth of pneumococcal vaccination. PMID- 7374580 TI - Do we need more of the same--or less? PMID- 7374582 TI - Cure of Burkitt's lymphoma. PMID- 7374583 TI - Total child care with accountability. PMID- 7374584 TI - Distribution of types of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in Sydney in 1973- 1974 and in 1979. AB - At The Prince of Wales Hospital, 357 pneumococci isolated in the laboratory from September, 1973, to May, 1974, and 268 pneumococci isolated from June to November, 1979, were serotyped. The pneumococci were isolated from patients and carriers in the hospital and in general practice. The type distribution resembled that described by Hansman regarding 1247 pneumococci isolated from 1965 to 1969. In each of the periods, the same seven predominant types--19, 23, 6, 3, 9, 11 and 15--were isolated in almost exactly the same order of frequency. Of the "epidemic" types--1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 12--only type 12 was not isolated in the present study. This information may be of value in the choice of components for an appropriate polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine for susceptible children and adults in Australia. PMID- 7374585 TI - Extraneous drug use in methadone-supported patients. AB - Weekly urine specimens were collected and analysed from 231 patients receiving daily oral methadone support from the Western Australian Alcohol and Drug Authority over all or part of an eight-week period. Patients were assigned to three dosage groups. The study revealed that patients receiving 80 mg or more of methadone per day had significantly higher levels of extraneous drugs than patients receiving lower daily doses. The levels of extraneous drugs were found to be low compared to the findings of researchers elsewhere. Possible factors contributing to the increased usage of extraneous drugs are suggested, and disadvantages of high methadone dosage are indicated. PMID- 7374586 TI - Lipothymoma. AB - Two cases of asymptomatic lipothymoma, discovered on "routine" roentgenograms of the chest, are presented. Thirty well-documented reports of this tumor in the English literature are reviewed. The pertinent points concerning this rare clinicopathological entity are summarized and discussed. PMID- 7374587 TI - Ectopic pregnancy after sterilization. AB - In a retrospective survey of 24 cases of ectopic pregnancy after sterilization it was found that, in most cases, there was a delay in diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy because of the history of previous sterilization. The sterilization operation was commonly performed post partum or after abortion. Patients who had been sterilized by laparoscopic tubal cautery were more likely to have ruptured ectopic pregnancy with acute blood loss and shock than those who had open tubal ligation which was associated with a more chronic form of this condition. PMID- 7374588 TI - Leprosy in Indo-Chinese refugees. AB - Five cases of leprosy, four borderline tuberculoid and one indeterminate, which were recently diagnosed in Indo-Chinese refugees in Adelaide are reported. This diagnosis should be kept in mind when dealing with skin lesions in Indo-Chinese refugees. PMID- 7374590 TI - Coronary risk factor screening. PMID- 7374589 TI - Obesity, diet and coronary heart disease: a dissenting view. PMID- 7374591 TI - Cases of non-cholera vibrio gastroenteritis acquired from overseas travel. PMID- 7374592 TI - Strangulated obturator hernia. PMID- 7374593 TI - Tolvon and toxic epidermal necrolysis. PMID- 7374595 TI - Whither the IUD? PMID- 7374594 TI - Serum levels of oestriol and human placental lactogen. PMID- 7374597 TI - Sunscreen misconception. PMID- 7374596 TI - Specialists and hospital finances. PMID- 7374598 TI - Allopurinol and agranulocytosis. PMID- 7374599 TI - Diet and coronary heart disease. PMID- 7374600 TI - Timolol: corneal anaesthesia. PMID- 7374601 TI - [Does age lead to a loss of intellectual performance?]. PMID- 7374602 TI - [Intact pregnancy of 7 weeks' duration with an intrauterine pessary in place]. PMID- 7374605 TI - [Cerebral vascular occlusion and nodular hyperplasia of the liver caused by contraceptives]. AB - Report on an autoptically detected combination of a thrombosis of the basilar artery with focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver, papilloma of the choroid plexus and large parietal thrombosis of the right atrium in a 46 year old women who had taken oral contraceptives for ten years. The thrombosis of the basilar artery and the focal nodular hyperplasia are considered to be induced by contraceptives. PMID- 7374604 TI - [Relation of vaccination to childhood malignancy]. AB - 74 German legitimate children who have died 1972/73 by a malignant neoplasm did not differ significantly from healthy controls by their vaccination history. This holds true for vaccination against tetanus, poliomyelitis, smallpox, and tuberculosis. By BCG-vaccination neither a promoting nor a protecting effect could be discovered. Controls were more often vaccinated against diphtheria than cases. PMID- 7374603 TI - [Does HDL-cholesterol protect against myocardial infarction?]. PMID- 7374607 TI - [Problems of evaluating rare adverse drug reactions using as an example agranulocytosis induced by anti-arrhythmia agents]. PMID- 7374606 TI - [Role of the nuclear medicine in the treatment of thyroid carcinoma]. PMID- 7374608 TI - [Enterohepatic circulation in liver diseases]. PMID- 7374609 TI - [Dihydroergotamine improves the venous pump in varicose veins]. PMID- 7374610 TI - [Death from choking]. PMID- 7374611 TI - [Vertebrobasilar insufficiency and degenerative changes in the cervical vertebral column]. PMID- 7374612 TI - [Yersinia infections]. PMID- 7374613 TI - [Origin and control of pain]. PMID- 7374614 TI - [Trends in the chemotherapy of viral infections]. PMID- 7374615 TI - [The restless child]. PMID- 7374616 TI - [Fracture fixation of bones of the extremities]. PMID- 7374617 TI - ["Atherosclerosis-index" (LDL/HDL): risk indicator in lipid metabolism disorders]. AB - Patients with hyperlipoproteinemia, who were treated with diet and lipid-lowering drugs, were followed up over a period of six to twelve months. The various coefficients of serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and the ratio HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol and LDL/HDL (socalled atherosclerosis-index) were estimated. Among all factors the "atherosclerosis-index" was the most reliable indicator of an increased risk with a margin of 7,9 +/- 1,3%. The widest variation was seen, as expected, among the concentrations of triglycerides (20,1 +/- 3,0%). PMID- 7374619 TI - [Polycystic ovaries on both sides caused by overstimulation with gonadotropins]. PMID- 7374620 TI - Plastic containers for intravenous solutions. PMID- 7374618 TI - [Effectiveness of "oxygen-multistep-therapy"]. AB - In 14 patients in the age of 55 to 72 years (mean 60,5 years) with chronic nonspecific lung disease the long lasting effect of the "oxygen-multistep therapy" are arterial oxygen pressure (paO2) has been proved. By the applied regimen of "O2-multistep-sleeping" after a cumulative O2-application-time of 56 hours mean paO2 of 68,1 Torr did not improve significantly. PMID- 7374621 TI - Drugs for postmenopausal osteoporosis. PMID- 7374622 TI - Dilantin vs generic phenytoin sodium. PMID- 7374623 TI - Sinemet - 25/100. PMID- 7374624 TI - [Biology of the horsefly, Hybomitra montana morgani Surc. (Diptera, Tabanidae), in the southern Far East]. PMID- 7374626 TI - [Internal biliary-pleural and external biliary fistulae in parasitic lesions of the liver]. PMID- 7374625 TI - [Late sequelae of the use of repellents. III. A study of the mutagenic properties of dimethylphthalate and phenoxyacetic N,N-diethylamide by means of dominant lethal mutations]. PMID- 7374627 TI - [Combantrine effectiveness and tolerance in the mass treatment of enterobiasis, ascariasis and trichocephaliasis]. PMID- 7374628 TI - [Host-biting activity of DDT-resistant Anopheles labranchiae atroparvus Thiel after contact with this insecticide]. PMID- 7374629 TI - Breast cancer. Improving long-term survival. PMID- 7374630 TI - Metastatic cerebral choriocarcinoma during pregnancy. PMID- 7374631 TI - Aspergillosis of the bronchus with fruiting bodies. PMID- 7374632 TI - Immunology of bladder cancer. PMID- 7374634 TI - Neuropathies of diabetes. Part II. Asymmetric neuropathies. PMID- 7374635 TI - Minnesota Medical Association. Static or dynamic? Ethics and change. PMID- 7374636 TI - Pulmonary function in healthy Minnesota children. Forced expiratory flow volume studies. PMID- 7374633 TI - The cosmetic surgery patient. Why do they do it to themselves? PMID- 7374637 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome. PMID- 7374638 TI - Recognition of ECG pseudo-infarct patterns. PMID- 7374640 TI - How to cope with an audit. PMID- 7374639 TI - Marketing concepts for veterinary medicine. PMID- 7374641 TI - Preventive medicine in swine practice. PMID- 7374642 TI - Hiring the right employee: a systematic process that works. PMID- 7374644 TI - Bandaging technic for declawing: a photo essay. PMID- 7374643 TI - Clinical neurology in small animal practice. PMID- 7374645 TI - Tuberculosis. PMID- 7374646 TI - Intermittent closed irrigation for compound fractures in cattle. PMID- 7374647 TI - Dairy practice a la George Duby. PMID- 7374648 TI - Infraspinatus muscle contracture in dogs. PMID- 7374649 TI - Rabies protection: a better approach. PMID- 7374650 TI - Vibriosis in parakeets. PMID- 7374651 TI - Anamnesis. PMID- 7374652 TI - Coping with client hostility. PMID- 7374654 TI - Correlation of the effect of feeding upon the cell cycle distribution profiles of MPC-11 cells with the relative appearance of [3H]-choline labeled material in microsomal subfractions and other cell fractions. AB - Cultures of mouse plasmacytoma cells (MPC-11) grown within the range 6-23 x 10(5) cells/ml showed considerable variation in cell cycle distribution profiles and also differences with regard to relative amounts of microsomal subfractions. The variability of appearance of heavy rough (HR) and light rough (LR) microsomal subfractions was not merely due to differences in nutritional state of the culture. Cultures containing a high S/G2 + M cell cycld distribution ratio showed a high content of HR microsomal membranes; as the S/G2 + M ratio decreased, so too decreased the amount of HR material whilst the amount of LR microsomal membranes increased. The results indicate that there is a direct correlation between phase of cell cycle and both amount and relative distribution of rough microsomal membranes, the smooth fraction (S), however, remains relatively unchanged. PMID- 7374653 TI - Digestive tract disease in sheep. PMID- 7374656 TI - Participation of bacteriophage T4 gene 41 in replication repair. AB - The location of the non-essential T4 mutant uvs79, with defective replication repair, is described. After crosses with double mutants dispersed over the early region of T4, a linkage was observed with the double mutant am41 : am42. For more accurate location, crosses were made with single mutants. Uvs79 proved to be located between mutants amC23 and amN81 in gene 41, as shown by 3-point crosses. No genetic complementation with respect to multiplicity reactivation was found between amN81 and uvs79 after co-infection of an su- host. Apparently, mutant amN81 is disturbed as to replication repair and, owing to its lack of DNA synthesis, also in replication-dependent recombination repair. Consequently, the product of gene 41 has a function additional to its RNA-primer induction during replication of undamaged DNA. Presumably, the product of gene 41 induces RNA primers opposite DNA regions containing lesions. This capability is believed to be specifically affected by the uvs79 mutation. PMID- 7374655 TI - Isolation and characterization of polysomes and polyadenylated polysomal RNA from Vicia faba meristematic root cells. AB - Undegraded Vicia faba polysomes from meristematic root cells were obtained after homogenization in a medium of low ionic strength provided that the pH was equal to 9.0. By minimizing the shearing forces during the homogenization step, polysomes were obtained free of mitochondrial and nuclear contaminants, measured by differential spectrophotometry and CsCl gradient centrifugation respectively. Poly(A)-containing RNA was obtained by poly(U)-Sepharose chromatography and shown to be virtually free of rRNA and its average size was 13-15 S. Approximately 9% of the purified preparation was annealed by [3H]-poly(U). Sucrose gradient analysis under denaturing conditions showed that the poly(A)-CONtaining RNA were non-degraded. This RNA was used to direct the synthesis of proteins in a heterologous cell-free system from wheat germ. PMID- 7374657 TI - Lack of SOS repair in Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Wild-type strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were non-mutable by UV radiation and thymidine starvation. Moreover, UV-irradiated pneumococcal omega 2 phages were not reactivated in an irradiated host. This suggests that, in pneumoococcus, there is no efficient inducible repair process similar to the SOS repair described in detail for E. coli. We also report that mutations cannot be induced by a process thought to be linked to competence during transformation with isogenic wild-type DNA either on wild-type strains or in strains in which the hex function of excision and repair of mismatched bases is inactive. PMID- 7374658 TI - The effects of short- and long-term exposure of chick embryos to neutral red on the frequency of sister-chromatid exchange. AB - The chick embryo was used to study the effects of neutral red (NR) on the frequency of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) in specific tissues exposed to this mutagen for short and long periods as development proceeded. In short-term trials, aqueous NR at doses of 10, 25 and 100 micrograms was injected in 3-day and 6-day embryos. In each case, embryos were also treated with 5 bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for a 24-h period (two cell cycles) and harvested at 4 days and 7 days, resp. A long-term exposure (about 8 cell cycles) was achieved by exposing embryos to NR from day 3 to day 7 of incubation. At a NR dose of 25 micrograms, the chronic exposure resulted in a doubling of the rate of SCE (11.4/cell) over that observed in embryos exposed for only 24 h at either days 3 4 (6.0/cell) or days 6-7 (6.0/cell). At 100 micrograms of NR, the same relationship held with SCE rates of 14.2/cell for the chronic exposure versus rates of 8.0/cell (3-4 days) and 6.9/cell (6-7 days). At 10 micrograms of NR, no such accumulation of SCE occurred upon long-term treatment. These results show an enhanced SCE response upon growth of embryonic cells in the presence of NR for several days. This may be the result of the persistence of past lesions with the addition of more lesions upon continued exposure to NR. PMID- 7374659 TI - Modified genetic response to X-irradiation of mouse spermatogonial stem cells surviving treatment with TEM. AB - Earlier studies have shown that the genetic response to X-irradiation of mouse spermatogonial stem-cell populations that are recovering from a previous radiation exposure may differ from that of a normal, unirradiated stem-cell population. Similar modified responses to X-irradiation have now been observed in stem spermatogonia that are recovering from treatment with the chemical mutagen, TEM. (1) In contrast to a normal response to 900 R, high translocation yields were obtained when this dose was administered 24 h after a TEM treatment. (2) A small but non-significant increase above a normal response to 500 R was obtained when this dose followed 24 h after TEM treatment and a normal response to 500 R was obtained from the reverse order treatment (500 R + TEM). (3) When given 4 days after a TEM treatment, the translocation yield from 500 R was only about half that normally obtained. Unexpectedly, a similar low response was obtained from the reverse order treatment which, if verified, would suggest selective cell killing by the TEM. THe chemical administered alone, was almost totally ineffective in producing recoverable translocations in stem spermatogonia. Since it is unlikely that TEM and X-rays should similarly synchronize the cell cycle of surviving stem spermatogonia it is concluded that the modified genetic responses obtained result from a different cause. Depletion of the stem-cell population is suggested as the common mediating factor. This may 'trigger' the radio-resistant, long cycling stem cells into a more active cycle such that, 24--48 h later, survivors may be highly 'synchronized' into either a sensitive cell-cycle stage or transient state preparatory to entering a shorter cell cycle to achieve repopulation. The low translocations yields obtained with longer intervals between treatments may typify the genetic response of the repopulating stem cells. PMID- 7374660 TI - Ploidy dependence of induced mutation frequency in transformed Syrian hamster cells. AB - The ploidy dependence of the induced frequency of a phenotype can be used to determine the dominant or recessive nature of a somatic mutation to a given trait. To demonstrate this we induced mutations in diploid and spontaneously occurring tetraploid clones of Syrian hamster embryo cells by treatment with EMS (1.2 mg/ml, 4 h). Mutagenized cells were assayed for the recessive mutation to 6 thioguanine resistance (5 micrograms/ml) and the dominant mutation to ouabain resistance (1.2 mM). The frequency of induction of the dominant mutation was equal in the diploid and tetraploid clones (2.3 x 10(-4)). The frequency of induction of the recessive mutation was greatly reduced in the tetraploid clone relative to the diploid clone (1.8 x 10(-4) vs. 1.2 x 10(-3)). 6TGr mutant subclones from the tetraploid clone remain nearly tetraploid, or even increase in ploidy, but show a reduction in the number of X chromosomes from two to one, or in some cases none (based on chromosome morphology). The principle of ploidy dependence is now being used to study the induction of phenotypes related to neoplastic transformation. PMID- 7374661 TI - Abnormal sensitivity of diploid skin fibroblasts from a family with gardner's syndrome to the lethal effects of X-irradiation, ultraviolet light and mitomycin C. AB - Skin fibroblasts isolated from two members of the same family with the cancer prone disease Gardner' Syndrome (intestinal polyposis, colon cancer, bone and soft tissue tumors) showed enhanced sensitivity to the lethal effects of X irradiation, ultraviolet light and mitomycin-C. These cells showed no liquid holding type recovery following UV-irradiation of confluent cultures, but were normal in their capacity for UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis. UV survival was not influenced by post-irradaiation incubation with caffeine. PMID- 7374663 TI - The effect of combination treatments of drosophila males with trenimon and X-rays on the frequencies of recovered translocations. PMID- 7374662 TI - Cytotoxic versus mutagenic effect of ethyl methanesulfonate on Paramecium tetraurelia. PMID- 7374664 TI - Effect of lead chromate on chromosome aberration, sister-chromatid exchange and DNA damage in mammalian cells in vitro. AB - Possible mutagenic activity of lead chromate in mammalian cells was studied using assays for chromosome aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in cultured human lymphocytes, and DNA fragmentation as detected by alkaline-sucrose gradient sedimentation in cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Lead chromate caused dose-related increases in chromosome aberration and sister-chromatid exchange in human lymphocytes. No increase in DNA damage was observed in CHO cells, possibly due to the relative insensitivity of the CHO cells and the limited solubility of lead chromate in tissue culture medium. The mutagenicity of lead chromate in human lymphocytes appears to be entirely due to the chromate ion since chromosome aberrations were induced by potassium chromate but not lead chloride. PMID- 7374665 TI - Occupational exposure to epoxy resins has no cytogenetic effect. AB - Cytogenetic evaluation was performed of peripheral lymphocytes from 18 workers currently exposed to epoxy resins of the type diglycidyl ether bisphenol-A (DGEBA). 9 workers were exposed to low molecular (average MW less than 900) and 9 to high molecular (average MW about 2000) epoxy resins. The results were compared with an equal number of control individuals matched for sex and age. There was no difference in chromosomal aberration frequency between the controls and the groups exposed to epoxy resin. Thus, this study gave no indication that exposure to epoxy resin produces visible damage to the chromosomes. PMID- 7374666 TI - Sister-chromatid exchanges in children treated with nalidixic acid. PMID- 7374667 TI - Benzo[a]pyrene does not contribute to the SCEs induced by cigarette smoke condensate. PMID- 7374668 TI - In vitro induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in human peripheral lymphocytes by hydralazine. PMID- 7374670 TI - Application of the freeze fracture technique to the study of human neuromuscular disease. PMID- 7374669 TI - Cell membrane abnormalities and muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7374671 TI - Electromyography in congenital hypotonia: a comment. PMID- 7374672 TI - Chloride efflux measurements in mammalian skeletal muscle. AB - A rapid sampling technique has been used to resolve the components of 36Cl efflux from isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of young rats. Four distinct fluxes with apparent rate constants of 4.40 +/- 0.02 min-1 (k1), 1.30 +/ 0.04 min-1 (k2), 0.24 +/- 0.04 min-1 (k3), and 0.048 +/- 0.05 min-1 (k4) at 30 degrees C were identified. Together, these fluxes accounted for the movement of more than 98% of exchangeable muscle chloride (Cl) ions. The muscle compartment associated with the fastest flux (k1) contained 23% +/- 2% of the total muscle Cl corresponding to the extracellular space as determined with inulin or mannitol. The compartment associated with k2 accounted for 71% of the intracellular volume, and k2 was assumed to represent 36Cl efflux across the surface membrane. The rate constant k2 was temperature-dependent with a Q10 of 1.11 between 5 degrees C and 30 degrees C. Aromatic carboxylic acids known to block sarcolemmal Cl conductance (GCl) specifically lowered k2 by 25% at 30 degrees C, as did replacement of external Cl with nitrate. PMID- 7374673 TI - Serum myoglobin in muscular dystrophy. AB - Elevated levels of serum myoglobin (MGB) were found in patients with several types of myopathic disorders, namely, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, and limb-girdle dystrophy. The frequency of hypermyoglobinemia was greatest in patients with DMD and BMD (91.7% and 100%, respectively). There was no precise direct relationship between serum creatine kinase (CK) and MGB levels, although the disorders with the highest CK levels tended to be the ones with the highest MGB levels. Among the patients with DMD, hypermyoglobinemia was slightly less marked in older children with restricted ability to walk than in the younger ones. Hypermyoglobinemia las noted among 43.8% of the mothers and 41.7% of the sisters of patients with DMD, slightly greater frequencies than for abnormal CK determinations in this group. Multiple serum samples were analyzed from 10 of these women, and the overall frequency of abnormal MGB levels was the same as that of abnormal CK levels; however, levels of CK and MGB were discrepant in some individual serum samples. For this reason, serum MGB determination may be a useful adjunct in the study of possible DMD carriers. PMID- 7374674 TI - Abnormal myomuscular junctions and AChE in a congenital neuromuscular disease. AB - We studied a patient with a congenital neuromuscular disease clinically characterized by ophthalmoplegia, slight limb muscle weakness, and normal electromyography. In the muscle biopsy, there were frequent examples of interdigitation of areas of muscle and extracellular spaces giving a fragmented appearance to muscle fibers. These structures resemble myomuscular junctions; acetylcholinesterase activity was present in the vicinity of these structures and on the muscle cell surface. PMID- 7374675 TI - Isolated mechanical lesions of the sural nerve. AB - One case of compression neuropathy and one case of iatrogenic stretch injury to the sural nerve were demonstrated with electrophysiologic (EP) testing. Isolated mechanical injuries to the sural nerve may occur more frequently than is generally realized, and EP studies can greatly aid in the diagnosis of these injuries, thus avoiding the necessity for neuroradiologic investigations. PMID- 7374676 TI - "Snapping bottom": subluxation of the tendon of the long head of the biceps femoris muscle. AB - Subluxation of the tendon of origin of the long head of the biceps femoris muscle (or snapping bottom) is a rare, previously unreported degeneration of the tendinous attachments of the muscle at the ischial tuberosity. It occurs in a patient who wears out this attachment through a lifetime of hyperflexion hip movements, such as are required in bending to reach the floor. The snapping of the tendon across its point of origin causes pain and swelling in the buttock. In the older nonathlete, if conservative measures fail, the treatment of choice is simple tenotomy. The condition should not be confused with weaver's bottom (ischiogluteal bursitis), even though it may be a cause for that bursitis. PMID- 7374677 TI - Abstracts of the International Symposium on the Functional Specificity of Human Muscle Fibers, Stockholm, Sweden, April 17-20, 1979. PMID- 7374681 TI - Influence of age and sex on plasma calcitonin in human beings. PMID- 7374678 TI - Bone-marrow microenvironment defect in congenital hypoplastic anemia. AB - An abnormal bone-marrow microenvironment has been thought to have an important role in the pathogenesis of aplastic and hypoplastic anemia in some patients, but direct evidence of such a defect has not been found. We have investigated the pathogenesis of chronic anemia in a young woman. Her bone-marrow cells, obtained by means of aspiration, showed exuberant erythroid growth in methylcellulose despite marked erythroid hypoplasia. The erythroid nature of the colony growth was further confirmed through measurement of heme synthesis and messenger RNA globin accumulation in a liquid-culture system. In contrast, when whole bone fragments were similarly cultured, no appreciable hemoglobin synthesis was observed. The experimental evidence suggests that, in this patient, hypoplastic anemia resulted from an unfavorable microenvironment. PMID- 7374679 TI - Smoldering multiple myeloma. PMID- 7374682 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 23-1980. PMID- 7374680 TI - Noninvasive diagnosis of reversal of vertebral-artery blood flow. PMID- 7374685 TI - Mitral valve prolapse and cerebral ischemic events. PMID- 7374683 TI - The hematopoietic microenvironment. PMID- 7374684 TI - Hepatitis from hydralazine. PMID- 7374687 TI - Mitral valve prolapse and cerebral ischemic events. PMID- 7374689 TI - Hypogammaglobulinemia in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7374688 TI - Hypogammaglobulinemia in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7374686 TI - Mitral valve prolapse and cerebral ischemia events. PMID- 7374690 TI - HLA 27 positive, negative, or both? PMID- 7374691 TI - More on chiropractic. PMID- 7374692 TI - More on chiropractic. PMID- 7374693 TI - FDA's classification of new drugs. PMID- 7374694 TI - State-dependent learning and residency training. PMID- 7374695 TI - Treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests with rapid defibrillation by emergency medical technicians. AB - The survival rate for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is low in communities where emergency service is provided solely by emergency medical technicians. We trained such technicians in a suburban community of 79,000 to recognize and treat out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation with up to three defibrillatory shocks without the use of medications or special airway protection. Outcomes from cardiac arrest due to underlying heart disease were determined during two periods: two years with standard care by emergency medical technicians and one year with defibrillator-trained technicians. During the period with standard care, four of 100 patients with cardiac arrest were resuscitated and discharged alive from the hospital, as compared with 10 of 54 patients during the period with defibrillator-trained technicians (P less than 0.01). In 12 of 38 patients with ventricular fibrillation, a stable perfusing cardiac rhythm followed defibrillatory shocks given by defibrillator technicians. The enhanced survival after cardiac arrest is encouraging, and further trials of defibrillation by emergency medical technicians are warranted. PMID- 7374696 TI - Epidemiology as a guide to clinical decisions. The association between triglyceride and coronary heart disease. AB - The hypothesis that triglyceride is a cause of coronary heart disease, although unconfirmed and never universally accepted, has nonetheless strongly influenced the practice of preventive medicine. We have examined the epidemiologic association between triglyceride and coronary heart disease to evaluate the validity of inferring that there is a causal relation between the two. Neither the evidence from published studies nor an analysis of data from the Western Collaborative Group Study provides strong support for the causal hypothesis. Information from other scientific disciplines is also meager, contrasting with the coherence of diverse evidence supporting the hypothesis that cholesterol is a cause of coronary heart disease. These arguments fall short of disproving the belief that lowering triglyceride will prevent coronary heart disease, especially since triglyceride and cholesterol are inextricably associated through mutual lipoprotein carriers. But we propose that the ethics of preventive medicine place the burden of proof on the proponents of intervention. We therefore recommend that widespread screening and treatment of healthy persons for hypertriglyceridemia be abandoned until more persuasive evidence becomes available. PMID- 7374697 TI - Neonatal thrombocytopenia due to passive immunization: prenatal diagnosis and distinction between maternal platelet alloantibodies and autoantibodies. PMID- 7374698 TI - Improving emergency medical care. PMID- 7374699 TI - Cause and effect in epidemiology: What do we know about hypertriglyceridemia? PMID- 7374700 TI - Does high-dose ascorbic acid accelerate renal failure? PMID- 7374701 TI - Parents of victims of the sudden-infant-death syndrome. PMID- 7374704 TI - Serum carnitine in Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7374702 TI - Aspirin and thrombosis in patients undergoing hemodialysis. PMID- 7374703 TI - Clonidine in acute opiate withdrawal. PMID- 7374706 TI - Platelet cholesterol content and platelet aggregation. PMID- 7374707 TI - Playing fair in the NIRMP. PMID- 7374708 TI - Matching of couples in the NRMP. PMID- 7374705 TI - Carotid endarterectomy in transient cerebral ischemia. PMID- 7374710 TI - Atrial tachypacing in the treatment of a patient with primary orthostatic hypotension. PMID- 7374709 TI - A continuum of care for the inner city: assessment of its benefits for Boston's elderly and high-risk populations. AB - We describe an approach to health care in the inner city: a multidisciplinary system of physicians and mid-level practitioners that provides individualized care to chronically ill, elderly, homebound, and nursing-home residents of urban Boston who would otherwise be forced into an inappropriate reliance on teaching hospitals. Linked to four neighborhood health centers, three home-care programs, and a teaching hospital, and financially self-supporting except for the home-care component, the system cared for 3000 ambulatory, 280 homebound, and 358 nursing home patients in the representative year described. In-hospital use, particularly hospital days, was reduced when judged by existing data for comparable (though not identical) populations. Based on stable physician practices, the system offers a workable approach to the related problems of care, manpower, and cost in the urban core. PMID- 7374711 TI - Plasma-exchange therapy of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 7374712 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 25-1980. PMID- 7374713 TI - Estrogen receptors, breast cancer, and smoking. PMID- 7374715 TI - Mechanisms of bromocriptine-induced hallucinations. PMID- 7374714 TI - Testicular cancer after treatment for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7374716 TI - Value of predictive value. PMID- 7374717 TI - Value of free thyroxine index. PMID- 7374718 TI - Artificial intelligence. PMID- 7374719 TI - Artificial intelligence. PMID- 7374720 TI - Artificial intelligence. PMID- 7374722 TI - Patients who read their hospital charts. PMID- 7374721 TI - Artificial intelligence. PMID- 7374723 TI - Patients who read their hospital charts. PMID- 7374724 TI - Risks of artificial tanning. PMID- 7374725 TI - Factitious Munchausen's syndrome. PMID- 7374726 TI - Washington Report. NIH: with friends like that... PMID- 7374727 TI - Do patients in whom myocardial infarction has been ruled out have a better prognosis after hospitalization than those surviving infarction? AB - To determine the prognosis after hospitalization of patients hospitalized with acute chest pain in a coronary-care unit, we undertook a prospective study of 211 consecutive admissions to the Stanford Coronary Care Unit. On the basis of predetermined criteria, 16 patients were found to have noncardiac chest pain, and myocardial infarction was ruled out in 89, one of whom died in the hospital. Infarction was documented in 84 others, six of whom died in the hospital. Prospective follow-up after hospitalization was carried out in the 88 patients in whom infarction was ruled out and in the 78 patients who survived infarction. The rate of myocardial infarction or death was 8.0 per cent at six months and 21.6 per cent at a mean of 27.8 months of follow-up for patients who had infarction ruled out, as compared with 7.7 per cent at six months and 21.8 per cent at a mean of 27.8 months of follow-up for those who had a documented infarction during the initial hospitalization. Cardiomegaly, congestive heart failure, and angina after discharge from the hospital tended to increase the risk of morbidity and mortality in both groups. The patient hospitalized with acute ischemic chest pain without evolution of a myocardial infarction has a six to 24-month prognosis similar to that of the patient hospitalized with an acute infarction, and therefore requires similar diagnostic and therapeutic assessment. PMID- 7374728 TI - Equality in medical care under national health insurance in Montreal. AB - In November 1974, four years after national health insurance in Canada had eliminated all out-of-pocket payment for physicians' services, we surveyed 1559 households in a socially heterogeneous area of Montreal to assess social-class differences in the use of physicians' services. When reported health status as well as age and sex were taken into account, the rates of physician visits during the two-week period preceding the survey were essentially the same in the low, middle, and high economic classes, thus confirming that disparity of access had been reduced. However, relative to other groups, the poor still made considerable use of hospital clinics and emergency rooms for primary care and more of their visits entailed prescriptions and physician-initiated requests to return. The latter observations may indicate that the poor, as compared with other groups consulted the doctor for more advanced conditions. Official statistics showed no increase in the workload of the average physician, although the number of physician visits per person per year had risen steadily. There was no evidence of abuse of "free" medical care by the poor. PMID- 7374730 TI - Delayed menarche and amenorrhea in ballet dancers. PMID- 7374729 TI - Lactic acidosis associated with Hodgkin's disease: response to chemotherapy. PMID- 7374731 TI - By the London post. Medicine in Europe--career prospects in the NHS. PMID- 7374732 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 26-1980. PMID- 7374734 TI - Cutting military medical research abroad: Is a second opinion in order? PMID- 7374736 TI - Cimetidine used indiscriminately. PMID- 7374733 TI - Fatness, puberty, and ovulation. PMID- 7374735 TI - NIH: handle with care. PMID- 7374737 TI - Thrombocytopenia from acetaminophen. PMID- 7374738 TI - Lysozymuria and gentamicin nephrotoxicity. PMID- 7374739 TI - The anturane reinfarction trial. PMID- 7374740 TI - Medical aspects of homosexuality. PMID- 7374741 TI - Medical aspects of homosexuality. PMID- 7374742 TI - Extrarenal potassium disposal. PMID- 7374743 TI - Extrarenal potassium disposal. PMID- 7374744 TI - Amniotic-fluid cells in transit. PMID- 7374745 TI - Comparison of gentamicin with other antibacterials and variation of incubation temperature on growth of trichophyton mentagrophytes from skin scales. AB - Neutral (Emmons modification) Sabouraud medium, Dermatophyte Test Medium and Littman oxgall agar, with substitutions in type of antibacterial antibiotic, were quantitatively evaluated by colony counts for ability to support growth when suspensions of trypsintreated guinea pig skin scales, infected with Trichophyton mentagrophytes, were used as inocula. Both liquid and powder form of gentamicin sulfate were used separately in place of other routinely used antibacterial antibiotics. Also evaluated were three isolation temperatures. No differences in ability to support growth were noted among media. No difference was noted between the two forms of gentamicin. No data were available on the antibacterial activities of the antibiotics because no bacterial growth was produced on any of the media. Room temperature (24 degrees-26 degrees C), 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C were found to support growth similarly as primary isolation temperatures for this fungus. PMID- 7374746 TI - Thermophillic and thermotolerant fungi isolated from the thermal effluent of nuclear power generating reactors: dispersal of human opportunistic and veterinary pathogenic fungi. AB - Over a period of a year, samples of water, foam, microbial mat, soil and air were obtained from areas associated with the cooling canal of a nuclear power station. The seventeen sample sites included water in the cooling canal that was thermally enriched and soil and water adjacent to, upstream, downstream and at a distance from the generator. Air samples were taken at the plant and at various distances from the plant. Fifty-two species of thermotolerant and thermophilic fungi were isolated. Of these, eleven species are grouped as opportunistic Mucorales or opportunistic Aspergillus sp. One veterinary pathogen was also isolated (Dactylaria gallopava). The opportunistic/pathogenic fungi were found primarily in the intake bay, the discharge bay and the cooling canal. Smaller numbers were obtained at both upstream and downstream locations. Soil samples near the cooling canal reflected an enrichment of thermophilous organisms, the previously mentioned opportunistic Mucorales and Aspergillus spp. Their numbers were found to be greater than that usually encountered in a mesophilic environment. However, air and soil samples taken at various distances from the power station indicated no greater abundance of these thermophilous fungi than would be expected from a thermal enriched environment. Our results indicate that there was no significant dissemination of thermophilous fungi from the thermal enriched effluents to the adjacent environment. These findings are consistent with the results of other investigators. PMID- 7374748 TI - Sign language and spoken language. PMID- 7374747 TI - Isolation in the United States of a culture resembling M. praecox. AB - A Microsporum culture isolated in the United States, from a clinical case of tinea corporis, was noted to have microscopic features resembling Rivalier's description of Microsporum (Sabouraudites) praecox (11). This unusual finding prompted further taxonomic studies, the results of which suggest that the new isolate may be either the first strain of Microsporum praecox (or a variety thereof) to be isolated in North America or, possibly, a new species. PMID- 7374750 TI - Histone H10 accumulates in growth-inhibited cultured cells. PMID- 7374749 TI - An excess of doctors... PMID- 7374751 TI - Continuous synthesis of long DNA chains by chick embryo DNA polymerase gamma. PMID- 7374752 TI - Conservation of segmental variants of satellite DNA of Mus musculus in a related species: Mus spretus. PMID- 7374753 TI - Raman difference spectroscopy of tertiary and quaternary structure changes in methaemoglobins. AB - There have been several resonance Raman scattering investigations of the effect of inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) on methaemoglobins. In those studies the sensitivity for detecting frequency differences was limited to 1-2 cm-1, and consequently frequency differences were not detected although spectral intensity differences due to changes in spin equilibria were. Shelnutt et al. recently reported on the observation of frequency differences induced by changes in the quaternary structure of chemically modified deoxyhaemoglobins. An improved Raman difference spectroscopic technique with 0.1 cm-1 sensitivity allowed the detection of these differences. We report here the application of this technique to a series of methaemoglobins with and without the addition of IHP. In addition to the intensity changes resulting from changes in the spin equilibria, we have observed frequency differences. In all liganded methaemo-globins that we examined a decrease in frequency of the mode in the 1,370 cm-1 region was observed on addition of IHP. In those in which a quaternary structure change is known to occur the frequency difference is greater than 0.5 cm-1. In those in which no quaternary structure change occurs [metHbA(CN-) and methHbA(N-3)] the frequency difference is smaller (approximately 0.15 cm-1). PMID- 7374754 TI - Brazilian paralysis: the real disease. PMID- 7374755 TI - Structure of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis from guinea-pig lung. PMID- 7374757 TI - Levels of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in Friend leukaemic cells. AB - Most cells are thought to contain trace amounts of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG), as it acts as a cofactor in the interconversion of 2-phosphoglycerate and 3 phosphoglycerate by the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglyceromutase. DPG is synthesized from 1,3-diphosphoglycerate by the action of diphosphoglycerate mutase. Lowry et al. reported levels of 29 mumol DPG per kg wet weight brain tissue which is approximately 3 pmol per 10(8) cells, assuming that 1 g of brain tissue contains 10(9) cells. In contrast, erythroid cells contain 50-100 nmol DPG per 10(8) cells, depending on the species and the stage of development. This is of the order of a 1,000-fold more DPG compared with non-erythroid cells. In red cells DPG concentration modulates the binding of oxygen to haemoglobin. I show here that erythroid precurser cells also contain markedly raised levels of DPG. PMID- 7374756 TI - Chemical inducers of differentiation in Friend leukaemia cells inhibit lymphocyte mitogenesis. AB - Several phorbol esters, the potent tumour-promoting agents isolated from croton oil, induce proliferation of human lymphocytes and enhance the mitogenic effect of lectins on bovine lymphocytes. While studying the mitogenic properties of one of these agents, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), we found that dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), frequently used as a solvent for PMA, markedly inhibits PMA induced mitogenesis at DMSO concentrations that have little effect on phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced responses. DMSO, as well as a variety of other organic compounds, induce erythroid differentiation in Friend leukaemia (FL) cells. Phorbol esters, on the other hand, are potent inhibitors of both spontaneous and induced cellular differentiation. We therefore investigated the relationship between the potency of compounds to induce erythroid differentiation in FL cells and their potency to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation induced by PMA and other mitogens. We report here that many of the compounds that induce erythroid differentiation in FL cells are similar to DMSO in selectively suppressing PMA-induced lymphocyte mitogenesis. PMID- 7374758 TI - Saccharin may act as a tumour promoter by inhibiting metabolic cooperation between cells. AB - The possible role of saccharin in the carcinogenic process is, at present, still unclear. Carcinogenesis is a complex process involving, in many test systems, initiation and promotion phases. Current evidence favours the hypothesis that initiation is due to a mutagenic event, while promotion (at least the early portion) is the result of epigenetic changes. Although saccharin has been reported to be a weak mutagen in various in vitro test systems and a weak initiator in mouse skin, there is increasing evidence from in vitro, as well as in vivo, studies that it might act as a tumour promoter, rather than as a mutagen. Recently L.P.Y. et al and J.E.T. et al. developed an in vitro assay to detect tumour promoters, which has been independently reported by Murray and Fitzgerald. The assay is based on the principle that phorbol ester-type tumour promoters block 'metabolic cooperation' or a type of cell-cell communication between cells. We report here a series of experiments demonstrating the elimination of metabolic cooperation in the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) system in Chinese hamster V79 cells, indicating that saccharin shares properties similar to those of other known promoters. PMID- 7374761 TI - More tests required on new chemicals. PMID- 7374759 TI - Embryonal carcinoma stem cells lack a function required for virus replication. PMID- 7374760 TI - A 'random transition' in the cell cycle? PMID- 7374762 TI - Fetal calf serum drought hits cell culture laboratories. PMID- 7374763 TI - Ferromagnetic coupling to muscle receptors as a basis for geomagnetic field sensitivity in animals. AB - Over the past decade several investigators have provided convincing evidence that the orientation of pigeons and other birds during homing and migrational activities is significantly affected by Earth-strength (less than or equal to 0.5 G) magnetic fields. The presumed mediator of such effects would be a highly sensitive magnetoreceptor which the birds would normally use to extract navigational information from the geomagnetic field. The recently reported measurement of magnet remanence in honeybees and in homing pigeons has stimulated interest in the possibility that the magnetically sensitive structure may be constructed from permanently magnetic material. Here we report the detection of permanently magnetic material in the neck musculature of pigeons (Columba livia) and migratory white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys). We propose that a magnetic field detector might involve the coupling of magnetic particles to a sensitive muscle receptor such as a spindle. A detection mechanism of this kind could account for the difficulties encountered in conditioning immobile homing pigeons to magnetic field changes and for the puzzling requirement of movement in other behavioural experiments involving pigeons and magnetic fields. PMID- 7374765 TI - Biotin and the sudden infant death syndrome. AB - A diet which is marginally deficient in the vitamin biotin may cause sudden unexpected death of young broiler chickens when they are exposed to stress. Chickens affected with this disorder have low levels of biotin in their livers. In conditions of biotin insufficiency, we postulate that a similar disorder, triggered by mild stress, may occur in the human infant. We have now used a radiochemical technique to measure the biotin content of 204 livers obtained from infants at autopsy. The levels of biotin in the livers of infants who had died of sudden infant death syndrom (SIDS; cot death) were significantly lower than those in livers of infants of similar age, who had died of explicable causes. These findings support an association of biotin with SIDS. PMID- 7374764 TI - Sea urchin histone mRNA termini are located in gene regions downstream from putative regulatory sequences. AB - S1 nuclease mapping of the Psammechinus miliaris embryonic histone mRNAs locates the 5' termini in or adjacent to a short sequence homology (5'pyCATTCpu3') downstream from the putative RNA polymerase II regulatory sequence (5'TATAAATA3') or related sequences. The 3' termini map just after a sequence containing GC-rich hyphenated dyad symmetry, a feature of most known terminator sequences. PMID- 7374767 TI - Tension generation by actomyosin thread from a non-muscle system. AB - A suitable motility model reconstituted from non-muscle contractile proteins should offer a powerful tool for analysing the molecular events in cell motility. Actomyosin thread has been thought to be such a model. As far as non-muscle motile systems are concerned, however, only a very limited number of experiments have been done in this direction. No direct measurement of the tension produced by non-muscular actomyosin thread has been reported in spite of its importance for quantitative studies. We now report that a segment of actomyosin thread of Physarum polycephalum can generate a considerable amount of tension, which is a function of the micromolar concentration of ATP. The maximum isometric tension was a high as 10 g cm-2 at 10 microM ATP. PMID- 7374766 TI - Inhibitory effect of prolactin on ovulation in the in vitro perfused rabbit ovary. AB - Prolactin is best known for its effects on the breast, promoting mammary growth and lactation. In some species, including rat, mouse, hamster, sheep and rabbit, prolactin is necessary for the maintenance of the corpus luteum. Further, a relationship has been recognised between hyperpromus and or adenohypophysis. McNatty et al. have postulated a direct ovarian effect of prolactin, reporting that low prolactin levels were essential for progesterone production by preovulatory human granulosa cells cultured in vitro. However, high levels of prolactin decreased progesterone production. The present investigation sought to determine the effect of prolactin on ovulation using the in vitro perfused rabbit ovary preparation. We report that its effects are inhibitory. PMID- 7374769 TI - Congress may threaten NIH autonomy. PMID- 7374768 TI - The future for UK university research? PMID- 7374770 TI - Predicting a membrane protein. PMID- 7374771 TI - Platelet-activating factor. PMID- 7374772 TI - Kin preference in infant Macaca nemestrina. AB - The ability to recoginize conspecifics is a prerequisite for many types of social behaviour, including, for example, parent-offspring relation, mate selection and recognition, territorial defence and dominance coalitions. This ability is of special importance to Hamilton's kin selection hypothesis, which predicts that an individual's behaviour towards a conspecific will depend on the degree of genetic relatedness between them. Although recognition depends on previous experience between individuals in some species, this does not precluded the possibility that recognition could occur in its absence. For example, juveniles who disperse before nonlittermate siblings are born or adult males who do not participate in rearing their young might benefit from recognition abilities that are independent of prior association between the individuals. Here we show that young pigtail macaques prefer to interact with a related over an unrelated monkey in a laboratory test. Because subjects were separated from their dams at birth and reared apart from all other relatives, results suggest that kin recognition can occur in the absence of prior association with relatives. PMID- 7374773 TI - Stimulation of the cerebral cortex in the intact human subject. PMID- 7374774 TI - Slow current systems in the A-V node of the rabbit heart. PMID- 7374775 TI - Changes of hippocampal Met-enkephalin content after recurrent motor seizures. AB - Kainic acid (KA), a powerful neurotoxic analogue of glutamate, has been extensively used as a tool for selectively lesioning neuronal cell bodies; however, axons or nerve terminals are spared from damage in the area injected with kainic acid. Injections of this neurotoxin in various brain regions were successfully used to locate cell bodies of neurones containing substance P, enkephalin and other putative neurotransmitters. While attempting to locate the cell bodies of the enkephalin containing neurones present in hippocampus using KA injections, we found that a few days after intracerebral injections of KA a drastic increase in the Met-enkephalin (ME) content of hippocampus occurs. We now describe the delayed increase in hippocampal ME content elicited by intracerebral KA injections and examine the possible mechanism that is operative in causing this increase. Moreover, we provide some evidence suggesting that the increase in ME content elicited by intracerebral injections of KA may be related to the recurrent motor seizures elicited by intracerebral injections of KA. PMID- 7374777 TI - Partial denervation in inactive muscle effects innervated and denervated fibres equally. AB - Possible causal factors of denervation-induced changes in muscle include inactivity, products of nerve degeneration and lack of a nerve-borne trophic agent. We now show that if the innervated fibres in a partially denervated rat muscle are rendered inactive, they undergo a reaction as intense as that of the denervated fibres. This provides further support for the view that the effects of denervation on the extrajunctional muscle membrane result from a combination of muscle inactivity and of nerve breakdown products acting diffusely throughout the muscle. PMID- 7374776 TI - Brain noradrenaline depletion prevents ECS-induced enhancement of serotonin- and dopamine-mediated behaviour. AB - When rats are given a series of electroconvulsive shocks (ECSs) over several days, they display enhanced behavioural responses to both serotonin- and dopamine receptor agonists. Because these changes are seen when the ECS is given in ways closely mimicking the clinical administration of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), it has been suggested that the changes in postsynaptic monoamine function may be involved in the antidepressant mechanisms of ECT. Ligand-binding studies have excluded the possibility that ECS alters the characteristics of either the serotonin or dopamine receptor; ECS may therefore be acting on neuronal systems which modulate monoamine neurotransmission. As repeated ECS has recently been reported to decrease both noradrenaline (NA)-sensitive adenylate cyclase and beta adrenoreceptor binding, we have examined here whether changes in NA function are related to the effects of ECS on the serotonin- and dopamine-mediated behaviours. We demonstrate that although selective depletion of NA does not alter the drug induced serotonin- and dopamine-mediated responses, it abolishes the ECS-induced enhancement of these behaviours. PMID- 7374778 TI - Dopaminergic activation of reticulata neurones in the substantia nigra. AB - Dendritic release of dopamine (DA) in substantia nigra (SN) is well established in various experimental situations. Morphological substrates for DA storage exist in dendrites, as do dendro-dendritic and dendro-axonic contacts. DA receptors in SN are located on both cells and striato-nigral terminals. DA is thought to regulate the activity of neighbouring dopaminergic neurones through its dendritic release by a local feedback mechanism. However, dendrites of DA neurones also ramify close to the neuropil of non-dopaminergic reticulata neurones in SN. The question has arisen whether dendritically release DA might also influence these neurones which, to a large extent, project to ventromedial thalamus (VM) and superior colliculus. A necessary condition would be that they are sensitive to DA. In the experiments reported here this was found to be the case--a considerable proportion of nigrothalamic neurones were activated by iontophoretically applied DA. This contrasts with its known depressant effect on pars compacta DA neurones which we confirmed. PMID- 7374780 TI - Decreased rate of DNA-chain growth in human basal cell carcinoma. AB - The DNA synthetic (S) phase of cell division is about twice as long in human basal cell carcinoma (BCC) as the normal epidermis and several non-malignant skin diseases. A similar increase in S phase duration seems to occur in tumours of the human oesophagus, larynx and recto-colon. At the molecular level, the overall rate of replication in a nucleus is determined by two factors--the frequency of initiation of replication and the rate of replication fork progression along the units of replication (for review see refs 7,8). Here we present evidence (based on DNA fibre autoradiography) that the observed increase in S phase duration may be due to a marked reduction in the rate of DNA replication along replication units, the density of simultaneously operating replication units remaining unchanged. This indicates an alteration in some biological component(s) of DNA synthesis in BCC that is of potential interest for characterizing the malignant transformation of the epidermal cell and that may perhaps be exploited therapeutically. PMID- 7374781 TI - Repeated folding pattern in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. AB - Some globular proteins contain repeated structural patterns within the same polypeptide chain. Several enzymes have a pseudo-symmetric two-lobed architecture: a pair of connected but well separated domains with very similar structures are grouped round an approximate 2-fold symmetry axis close to the active centre. On a smaller scale the same motif may appear inside a single protein domain: the polypeptide chain folds into two successive topologically similar subdomains which interlock symmetrically and form a compact globule. In such a domain the two halves come into close contact round the dyad axis; as if the structural integrity of the domain depended on the interactions between its halves, while one separated subdomain could not exist as an independent folding unit. Many of these paired structures seem to have evolved from dimeric precursors by tandem gene duplication. They contain repeated amino acid sequences or precisely repeated structural elements in which equivalent sets of alpha carbon atoms can be superimposed with root mean square deviations of the order of 1-2 A. Here it is shown that copper-zinc superoxide dismutase contains two paired subdomains, and the significance of the repeated folding pattern is discussed. PMID- 7374779 TI - Glucocorticoids increase osteoblast-like bone cell response to 1,25(OH)2D3. AB - Recent reports indicate that some hormones may regulate the binding of, and subsequent response to, other hormones by their target tissue. The adrenal glucocorticoids are prominent among these modulating hormones. Glucocorticoids have been shown to enhance bone cell sensitivity to parathyroid hormone (PTH) in vitro and this in turn has permitted PTH-induced effects to be measured at physiological doses of PTH for the first time in isolated osteoblast-like (OB) and osteoclast-like (OC) cells. It is unknown whether these findings represent a specific interaction between glucocorticoids and PTH or indicate a general role for glucocorticoids in the development and/or maintenance of bone cell differentiation, of which hormonal responsiveness would be one expression. In the event of a general glucocorticoid effect on cell differentiation, increased responsiveness to other bone resorbing hormones should also be observed. We have therefore examined whether glucocorticoids enhance the sensivity of bone cells to a steroid hormone, 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2,D3), and we report here that they do. PMID- 7374783 TI - Structural aspects of recognition and assembly in biological macromolecules. PMID- 7374782 TI - Guidelines for scale-up. PMID- 7374784 TI - Effects of methylated xanthines on mammalian cells treated with bifunctional alkylating agents. AB - Caffeine has been previously reported to enhance the lethal potential of many DNA damaging agents in rodent cells1-5. This effect has most commonly been ascribed to the binding of caffeine to single-stranded DNA6, and the resulting inhibition of post-replication repair7-10, which is associated with the synthesis of abnormally small nascent DNA fragments7, 11-13. However, certain aspects of this theory remain unclear:(1) why does the addition of caffeine to damaged cells elevate the level of DNA synthesis when it supposedly blocks post-replication repair10,14, and (2) as pointed out by Cleaver15, why does caffeine continue to exert its synergistic lethal effects until completion of the S phase16, 17, even though the size of newly synthesized DNA seems normal much earlier18-20? The present studies with nitrogen mustard (HN2) fail to demonstrate any effect of non lethal concentrations of methylated xanthines (MXs) on removal of DNA damage or post-replication repair in conditions producing synergistic lethal effects. We demonstrate an influence by MXs on initiation of DNA synthesis in damaged replicons, and propose that this effect is primarily responsible for the synergistic lethal properties of these drugs. PMID- 7374785 TI - Evidence for mutation in an I-A gene. AB - Mutant mouse strains are important tools for immunogenetic studies of the regulation, structure and function of major histocompatibility (H-2) antigens1-3. Several inbred strains have been established which carry H-2-linked mutations that cause changes in cell surface antigens as recognized by cytotoxic T cells and sometimes antibodies. Using intra-H-2 recombinant haplotypes in skin graft complementation studies, lesions in several of these mutant strains have been genetically mapped to genes encoded in the K- or D-end of the H-2 complex3. More precise mapping has often not been possible as many of the available mutant strains possessed lesions in the K-end of the H-2b haplotype and a recombinant separating the Kb and I-Ab regions was not previously available. The genetic locations of the lesions in some of these mutant strains could therefore only be inferred when a serological and/or structural alteration was detected (see refs 1, 2). We describe here the use of a newly established recombinant strain, B10.MBR (ref. 4), for skin graft complementation studies to map K-end mutations. These studies provide the first genetic evidence that the B6.C-H-2bm12 mutation involves an I-Ab gene and also confirm that the lesions in two other mutants can be mapped to a gene in the Kb region. PMID- 7374786 TI - Natural killer cells mediate lysis of embryonal carcinoma cells lacking MHC. PMID- 7374787 TI - Measurement of frequency discrimination in the starling (Sturnus vulgaris) by conditioning of heart rate. PMID- 7374788 TI - The influence of cytostatic methyl hydrazones on the intracellular pH and viability of tumor cells. PMID- 7374789 TI - New novel non-steroidal antifertility agents. PMID- 7374790 TI - Interaction between coronary active compounds and indomethacin on the cardiovascular system of dogs. PMID- 7374791 TI - New derivatives of chloramphenicol, active against resistant bacteria. PMID- 7374792 TI - Effect of dihydroxy-2-aminotetralin derivatives on dopamine metabolism in the rat striatum. PMID- 7374793 TI - Identification of harman in the rat arcuate nucleus. AB - This communication describes the presence of 1-methyl-beta-carboline (harman) in the hypophysiotropic area of the hypothalamus which incorporates the arcuate nucleus. Diethyl ether extracts of borate-buffered arcuate homogenates were subjected to silica column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Identification of the beta-carboline was accomplished by use of fluorescent spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), mass spectrometry (MS) and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). PMID- 7374794 TI - Effects of dimethyl sulfoxide and other dipolar aprotic solvents on rat hepatic adenylate cyclase. Potentiating effects on glucagon and guanylylimidodiphosphate stimulation. AB - The actions of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone and two other aprotic solvents on the activity of rat hepatic adenylate cyclase were studied in order to detect their possible effects on both hormonal and nonhormonal enzyme stimulation. The glucagon- or guanylylimidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p]-stimulated activity was significantly increased by all DMSO concentrations (0.08--2.57 M) while the highest concentrations of this solvent decreased the enzyme activity stimulated by sodium fluoride. The effect of DMSO on adneylate cyclase activity is reversible and the stimulatory effect of this drug can be seen even on adenylate cyclase activity in the persistent active state induced by preincubation of the enzyme with Gpp(NH)p. An increase in adenylate cyclase activity stimulated by glucagon or Gpp(NH)p was also seen after the addition of other aprotic solvents (acetone, acetonitrile and dimethylformamide) to the assay system. These effects of aprotic solvents on the rat hepatic adenylate cyclase activity may be caused by an increase of membrane fluidity and facilitated movement of the adenylate cyclase subunits in the plane of the cell membrane. PMID- 7374795 TI - Rise in blood pressure increases the release of endogenous catecholamines in the anterior hypothalamus of the cat. AB - In anaesthetized cats, anterior and posterior hypothalamic areas were simultaneously superfused with artificial CSF using two push-pull cannulae. The rates of release of endogenous catecholamines were determined in the superfusates which were continuously collected in periods of 10 seconds. In both areas, the rate of release of dopamine was higher than the rates of release of noradrenaline and adrenaline. Electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerve elicited a rise in the arterial blood pressure and increased the rates of release of noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine in the anterior hypothalamic area. The rates of release of the catecholamines in the posterior hypothalamic area were not influenced by the pressor response to stimulation of the splanchnic nerve. Transection of the brain caudal to the hypothalamus reduced the rates of release of the catecholamines in the anterior hypothalamus and abolished the releasing effect of the stimulation of the splanchnic nerve. The results indicate that acute rise in blood pressure activates catecholamine cell bodies in the lower brain stem, which in turn stimulate the anterior hypothalamus to counteract the pressor response. PMID- 7374798 TI - [Dental caries in the first years of life]. PMID- 7374796 TI - Lack of in vivo lipid peroxidation in experimental paraquat poisoning. AB - Ethane evolution was measured in rats breathing pure oxygen. Animals injected i.p. with a lethal dose of paraquat (50 mg/kg) developed signs of pulmonary insufficiency within 3 hours and died within 24 hours. Ethane evolution, a parameter of lipid peroxidation in vivo, was increased over control levels only by 26% after 4 hours. It is concluded that this increase is too small to support the theory that lipid peroxidation is the biochemical mechanism of paraquat toxicity. PMID- 7374797 TI - Decreased phalloidin response, phallotoxin uptake and bile acid transport in hepatocytes prepared from wistar rats treated chronically with diethylnitrosamine. AB - Isolated hepatocytes prepared from rats pretreated with diethylnitrosamine (0.5 mg/kg DENA/DAY P.O.) are less sensitive to phalloidin poisoning. They take up lower amounts of both phallotoxins and bile acids than controls. The degree of inhibition depends on the period of pretreatment. PMID- 7374800 TI - [Polycystic kidneys and pregnancy]. PMID- 7374801 TI - [Immature ovarian teratoma, an intriguing malignant tumor]. PMID- 7374799 TI - [Myocardial infarct patients in the prodromal and acute phase]. PMID- 7374802 TI - [Acute hematogenic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 7374804 TI - [General screening for congenital hypothyroidism in all neonates in our country]. PMID- 7374803 TI - [Pregnancy, parturition and motherhood following pneumonectomy; follow-up findings of 80 women more than 20 years after the intervention]. PMID- 7374805 TI - [A new method of kidney function substitution treatment: continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 7374806 TI - [Should the family physician refer or undertake treatment himself?]. PMID- 7374807 TI - [Referral or treating yourself?]. PMID- 7374808 TI - [The Japanese camps; still not past history]. PMID- 7374809 TI - [A patient with chronic diarrhea and a changed appearance]. PMID- 7374810 TI - [Reliability of arthrographic studies of the knee]. PMID- 7374811 TI - [Does a more rational antibiotic policy lead to cost control?]. PMID- 7374812 TI - [Diagnostic problems in the knee, arthrography, arthroscopy or both?]. PMID- 7374813 TI - [Phenacetin or paracetamol?]. PMID- 7374814 TI - [Drug research by the family physician in general and particularly of the analgetic diflunisal]. PMID- 7374815 TI - [The clinical weight of a light metal]. PMID- 7374816 TI - [Important factors for the prognosis of severe brain injuries; design and various results of an international study]. PMID- 7374817 TI - [Current overview of hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease)]. PMID- 7374819 TI - [Hard of hearing: with or without hearing aid]. PMID- 7374818 TI - [Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumors: indications and hazards]. PMID- 7374820 TI - [Treatment of breast cysts]. PMID- 7374821 TI - [Coin lesions in the chest x-ray]. PMID- 7374822 TI - [Chemotherapy of leprosy. II. Sulfones and sulfonamides]. PMID- 7374823 TI - [First less fat, then different fat]. PMID- 7374824 TI - [Treatment of breast cysts]. PMID- 7374825 TI - [Doctor, I have such a bellyache]. PMID- 7374826 TI - [The knee following meniscectomy]. PMID- 7374827 TI - [A patient with Q fever pneumonia in the Netherlands]. PMID- 7374828 TI - [The knee prosthesis]. PMID- 7374829 TI - [Changes in the etiology of erythema nodosum]. PMID- 7374830 TI - [The basal body temperature curve as a diagnostic aid]. PMID- 7374831 TI - [Ovulation following lactation inhibition with bromocryptin]. PMID- 7374832 TI - [External quality control and standardization of prothrombin time determination for the monitoring of oral anticoagulant treatment in the Netherlands]. PMID- 7374833 TI - [Hematuria as a symptom of the "hospital addiction" syndrome]. PMID- 7374834 TI - [Oral contraceptives and prolactin-producing hypophyseal tumors]. PMID- 7374835 TI - [Psychosocial approach to the surgical patient]. PMID- 7374836 TI - [Left and right]. PMID- 7374837 TI - [Prolactinoma]. PMID- 7374838 TI - [A disturbed rigid old lady]. PMID- 7374839 TI - [Valvular pulmonary stenosis; a deceptive condition in certain cases]. PMID- 7374842 TI - [Responsibility of and for the assistant family physician]. PMID- 7374841 TI - [Spinal hematoma]. PMID- 7374840 TI - [Admissions to general hospitals because of attempted suicide during the period 1970-1976]. PMID- 7374844 TI - My specialty: psychiatry. PMID- 7374843 TI - A review of 1,008 cases of colorectl carcinoma. PMID- 7374845 TI - Epidermoid tumors -- diagnostic dilemmas. Part II. PMID- 7374846 TI - Noninvasive peripheral vascular diagnosis. PMID- 7374847 TI - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease) - a case report. PMID- 7374848 TI - Ob-Gyn Section: G6PD deficiency. PMID- 7374849 TI - [Receptive fields of cat visual cortex neurons when photic stimulation parameters are altered]. AB - Spatial excitability reliefs of receptive fields of visual cortex units were investigated in acute experiments on immobilized cats by changing physical and physiological parameters of light stimulation under dark, mesopic and low photopic adaptation. Transition from dark to low mesopic adaptation results in no changes of the shape and size of the receptive fields, revealed by constant intensity test slits, whereas with transition to low photopic adaptation the receptive fields were narrowed in 72% of cases and acquired an elongated shape while the sharpness of their selectivity to direction of movement and orientation of stimuli increases. At a constant background the receptive fields narrowed with decreasing brightness of the test light slit. The excitability relief in the field estimated by the absolute threshold of the cell response and by the level of intensity needed to get a constant number of discharges in response, considerably narrowed with a rise in the threshold criterion and with transition from dark to light adaptation. At light adaptation, stimulation with physiologically equal intensity revealed narrower reactivity reliefs. than those at dark adaptation. The estimation of the receptive fields, taking into account a possible contribution of light scattering in the eye media and over the screen, shows that in most cases their size cannot be explained by this factor. PMID- 7374850 TI - [Afferent connections of the caudate nucleus of cats studied using the technic of retrograde axonal transport]. AB - The horseradish peroxidase method was used to investigate the sources of direct and indirect connections to the caudate nucleus in the cat. It is shown that different cortical and subcortical areas contain cells projecting to the caudate nucleus. Labelled neurons after caudate injections were also found in the globus pallidus. Along with the intralaminar complex the ventral anterior and mediodorsal nuclei were found to be the most significant sources of thalamo caudate projections. The most caudal projection to the caudate nucleus in the cat was demonstrated by finding labelled neurons in the locus coeruleus. The functional significance of the investigated afferent connections of the caudate nucleus is discussed. PMID- 7374852 TI - [Tegmento-thalamic interrelationships in turtles]. AB - In immobilized, weakly anesthetized with chloralose turtles Emys orbicularis the focus of evoked potentials and the largest number of single unit responses to the stimulation of the mesencephalic tegmentum were revealed in the ventral thalamic region (a heterosensory zone with dominating somatic modality). An incomplete separation of latero- and mediotegmental projections was observed in dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the ventral thalamic region, respectively. The tegmental stimulation coinciding or preceding the electrical stimulation of the limb skin or light flash produced mainly a suppressing effect on somatic reactions of single units, the influence on visual reactions being much less significant. A possibility to compare tegmento-thalamic systems in reptiles and mammals is discussed. PMID- 7374851 TI - [Background electrical activity of the claustrum]. AB - The dynamics of the spontaneous electrical activity of the rostral, dorsal, ventral and caudal claustrum was studied chronically in 12 dogs with biologically significant distinctions in the physiological state of the animals: extinction of orientative reflexes, replacement of the feeding conditions for the acid and defensive situation and elaboration of internal inhibition. The obtained data correlated with the hypothesis on an intermediate position of the claustrum between the cortex and subcortex and permit expressing a suggestion on availability in this nucleus of special representations for different physiological activities, in particular--orientative, feeding, rejecting and defensive. The ventral claustrum seems to take a maximal part in the orientative behaviour, the rostral and caudal claustrum--in the feeding behaviour, and the dorsal and ventral parts of the nucleus--in the rejecting and the defensive behaviour. PMID- 7374853 TI - [Electrophysiologic analysis of the representation of the somatosensory system in the dogfish midbrain tectum]. AB - Evoked responses in the dogfish tectum opticum were studied during electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, its dorsal roots and ramus ophthalmicus of the facial nerve. Recordings were obtained from different depth as well as from different points on the tectum surface. Evoked responses could be detected mainly on the contralateral side of the tectum opticum either as slow positive (spinal cord stimulation) or negative-positive (facial stimulation) waves which were preceeded by one or two fast, probably, presynaptic deflections and followed by a very slow low-amplitude negative wave. The evoked responses possessed the properties of tectal postsynaptic responses, being somatotopically distributed on the surface and reversely represented in the inner part of the tectal lamina. Projections of different inputs were widely overlapped, but specific areas of maximal activity were presented. These findings evidence that the tectum opticum performs a double function: a primary projecting and an integrative centre. PMID- 7374854 TI - [Statistical characteristics of impulse activity of spinal locomotor centers]. AB - The statistical analysis of the neuronal impulse activity of spinal locomotor centres was performed at rest and during generation of efferent discharges in thalamic immobilized cats. The activation of the spinal locomotor generator was accompanied by shortening of interspike intervals in neuronal spike trains and reduction of their fluctuations. During this process the interspike interval histograms became more symmetrical and the quantity of neurons which had regular oscillations in autocorrelation histograms increased considerably. At rest neuronal spike trains were characterized by dependence of successive intervals. This dependence increased during generation of efferent discharges. Possible mechanisms of the reconstruction of time organization of the neuronal impulse activity of spinal locomotor centres during their activation are discussed. PMID- 7374855 TI - [Modeling mechanisms of formation of neuronal impulse activity]. AB - The dependence of the time structure of the neuronal impulse activity on characteristics of excitatory input flows and cell parameters was analyzed using a mathematical model of the neuron. Changes in the neuron parameters essentially affected the neuron impulse activity only under weak input influences. An increase in the intensity of the input flow resulted in a considerable reconstruction of neuronal impulse activity. Mean interspike intervals and standard deviations decreased, interspike interval histograms became more symmetrical, periodic oscillations appeared on autocorrelation histograms. At input flow of large intensity the dependence of statistical characteristics of the output spike trains of the neuron on its own parameters was less pronounced. On the basis of the data obtained it is concluded that the intensity of the input flow is the main factor determining the reconstruction of the time structure of the impulse activity of a real neuron. PMID- 7374856 TI - [Slow-conducting fibers of Pacinian corpuscles]. PMID- 7374857 TI - Autoradiographic study on the effect of hyperthermia (42.5 degrees C) on the proliferation kinetics of solid tumors in children. AB - Supranormal temperatures between 40 and 43 degrees C are not necessarily lethal to tumor cells, but lead to characteristic changes of the cell cycle. The parameters of the proliferation kinetics were studied in 35 solid tumors of children at a temperature of 42.5 degrees C with an autoradiographic in vitro method, in comparison to normothermia: 9 Wilms' tumors, 10 neuroblastomas, 8 osteogenic and soft tissue sarcomas, 6 non-Hodgkin-lymphomas, and 3 other tumors. 28 tumors showed significant prolongation of DNA synthesis times by an average factor of 1.27 (1.10--3.12). Mitosis times undergo an average prolongation by the factor 2.75 (1.07--8.87). Together with significant decrease of the 3H-thymidine labeling index the prolongation of the cell cycle time amounts to an average of 2.67 (1.05--8.30). The cause of the changes of the cell cycle are discussed. Probably, the heat sensitivity of tumors is correlated with the proliferation rate and with the degree of histological differentiation; but this cannot be confirmed statistically due to the small number of cases. 2 cases responded with a decrease of the duration of the cell cycle; in one case this was probably due to an exogenic thermotolerance. The changes of the cell cycle are of a particular importance for the therapeutic combination with radio- or chemotherapy. These relations are discussed. PMID- 7374858 TI - A possible association between quality of drinking water and stomach cancer incidence among native and immigrant populations of a selected industrial city. AB - The city Zabrze (Upper Silesian Region, Poland) was divided into districts differing in respect to drinking water stations. Geographic correlation between the stomach cancer incidence in native and immigrant populations and the quality of water used for drinking were investigated. It has been shown that in the districts where water of greater hardness has been used for drinking, the stomach cancer incidence was much lower than in other areas, especially in native male populations. PMID- 7374859 TI - Diagnosis of malignant tumors on the basis of the current generating capacity of malignant tumorous tissue. II. Study of the malignant tumors of female genital organs. AB - Description of an electrochemical measuring method for the in vivo quick diagnosis of malignant tumors and dysplastic alterations of the cervical epithelium is given. The measuring results carried out in 660 cases on the surface of the cervical epithelium are reported. The current generating capacity of planocellular carcinoma of the cervical epithelium exceeds the upper limit of the normal value with 40% and is significantly higher than the values measured in dysplastic areas. With the aid of measuring, dysplastic alteration are demonstrable even in cases, in which the cytologic or coloposcopic examination is not indicative of dysplasia. Measurings in the benign and malignant tumorous tissue were carried out with needle electrode in 41 cases, during operation. The current generating capacity of malignant tumors exceeded with 150--170% the values measured in the healthy tissue, respectively in benign tumorous alterations. PMID- 7374860 TI - Preliminary results with the new cytostatic Penberol in ovarian carcinoma. AB - The authors present results of a preliminary study on the efficiency of the preparation Penberol [VUFB Prague (cis-beta-4-pentoxy-benzoyl-beta-bromoacrylic acid) CHECO protocol number 4] in the ovarian carcinoma of the stage III and IV (FIGO) in which the drug was used after the failure of the first choice chemotherapy. Out of ten patients, complete regression of the lesions was achieved in 7 patients, only in two cases the regression was lower than 50% and in one case a progression was encountered during the therapy. The median of the duration of non-completed remission is 15+ months. As to the side effects, in half cases the dose of the preparation was reduced by 1/3 because of diarrhea induced by irritating action of the drug on the intestinal wall. No other side effects of the therapy were observed. PMID- 7374861 TI - Survival of lung cancer patients treated with BCG and/or a soluble BCG fraction (F70) after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. AB - 243 lung cancer patients treated with routine therapy (surgery 54, radiotherapy 46 and chemotherapy 143) in Plovdiv's District Oncologic Dispensary (PDOD) were submitted to an additional therapy with BCG or with its soluble fraction F70. The survival rate of these patients was compared with the survival rate of 305 lung cancer patients following routine therapy alone (surgery 78, radiotherapy 113 and chemotherapy 114). The two groups were not randomized. Between patients treated and non-treated with BCG(F70) a significant increase of the survival rate was found for patients submitted to BCG(F70) treatment after surgery or radiotherapy in the 2nd and 3rd year survival period and for patients submitted to BCG(F70) treatment after chemotherapy -- in the 1st year survival period of patients with limited disease only. The effect of the additional BCG(F70) treatment was less dependent on the preceding routine therapy than upon the clinical stage of the disease at the moment of BCG(F70) treatment beginning. More salient results were observed in patients with undifferentiated histological forms. PMID- 7374862 TI - 'Inappropriate' hypergastrinaemia of antral origin: a rare cause of peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 7374863 TI - Acute interstitial pneumonia (fibrosing alveolitis) in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 7374864 TI - Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and pulmonary tuberculosis: case report. PMID- 7374865 TI - Pathological fracture of the odontoid process in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7374866 TI - Acute severe mitral regurgitation due to rupture of the chordae tendineae: case report. PMID- 7374867 TI - Orbital lymphomas: a clinicopathological analysis. PMID- 7374868 TI - Selection of lymphocytes spontaneously transformed in vivo by means of density centrifugation. PMID- 7374869 TI - Moderately high-dosage methotrexate medication in metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 7374870 TI - Oestradiol and progesterone receptors in multiple tumour specimens from patients with breast cancer. PMID- 7374871 TI - A direct radio-immunoassay for aldosterone: significance of endogenous cortisol. PMID- 7374872 TI - Plasma glucagon: removal of the high-molecular weight component prior to radio immunoassay. PMID- 7374873 TI - Symptoms, diagnostic pitfalls, and treatment of homocystinuria in seven adult patients. PMID- 7374874 TI - Hypernatraemia in human myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 7374875 TI - Volume status as a determinant of the influence of renal PGE on renal function. PMID- 7374876 TI - Pericarditis in the patient with uremia: clinical and echocardiographic evaluation. AB - Over a 4-year period, 94 of 248 patients with end-stage renal disease were evaluated echocardiographically because of clinically suspected pericarditis. The clinical diagnosis was established in 39 patients based on the development of a friction rub at some time during their course. 15 of the 55 patients, in whom the diagnosis of pericarditis could not be established, had a small pericardial effusion. The rest had no pericardial fluid. 15 patients developed pericarditis prior to the initiation of dialysis and all responded to dialysis alone. 4 had no effusions, 3 had small effusions and 8 had moderate or large effusions. In 9 of 24 dialysis patients with pericarditis, a presumptive etiology other than uremia was identified. In these 24 patients, 9 had no effusions, 2 had small effusion and 13 had moderate or large effusions. Only 9 patients, all with moderate or large effusions, required operation. The data suggest that: t1) pericarditis present at the initiation of dialysis regularly resolves with dialysis; (2) specific etiologies are common; (3) small pericardial effusions are common in dialysis patients without pericarditis; (4) pericardial effusions are frequently not present in uremic patients with pericarditis and, (5) the size of the pericardial effusion is of some value in predicting which patients may subsequently require operative intervention. PMID- 7374878 TI - The relationship between Ht and erythrocyte potassium concentration in patients on regular hemodialysis. AB - Plasma and erythrocyte potassium (K) concentrations were measured in uremics of chronic dialysis and in a control group composed of healthy persons and of patients with anemia due to causes other than renal failure. The behavior of the erythrocyte K content in uremics did not differ from that of the control group and in both cases a close inverse relationship was present between hematocrit and erythrocyte K concentration, irrespective of its plasma level. These findings suggest that the red blood cell count, rather than renal failure, may affect the erythrocyte K content. PMID- 7374877 TI - Coagulation factor XIII in patients with acute and chronic renal disease. AB - The behavior of coagulation factor XIII (fibrin-stabilizing factor, FSF) was studied in patients with renal disease. Specific antiserum against the active subunit (FSFA) was employed to set up a method for the direct measurement of the active fraction in plasma, according to the electroimmunodiffusion technique. The plasma FSFA levels were measured in the following patients: (I) 31 patients with chronic renal disease and serum creatinine not higher than 1.5 mg/dl; (II) 41 patients with chronic renal failure on conservative therapy; (III) 53 uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis; (IV) 10 patients with acute renal failure. FSFA concentration (93.3 +/- 17.6% of a reference plasma in a group of 15 healthy controls) was found to be significantly higher than normal in the patients with chronic renal disease and serum creatinine lower than 1.5 mg/dl (127 +/- 39.8%, p less than 0.005). The FSFA levels were similarly increased in the 41 patients with chronic renal failure on conservative management (134.9 +/- 35.8%, p less than 0.001), and in the 53 end-stage uremics on maintenance hemodialysis (132.8 +/- 29.5%, p less than 0.001). Whereas, FSFA concentration was found to be markedly reduced in the 10 patients with acute renal failure (35.8 +/- 14.6%, p less than 0.001). In the patients with chronic renal disease (groups I, II, and III) plasmatic FSFA higher in those patients with serum triglycerides above the upper normal limit, and a significant positive correlation was found between serum triglycerides and FSFA plasma levels. PMID- 7374879 TI - Renal handling of water and sodium in children with proximal and distal renal tabular acidosis. AB - Renal sodium wasting has been observed in both proximal and distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA), although few studies have been reported indicating the tubular localization of such a defect. The use of clearance methodology during hypotonic saline diuresis may give an indirect estimate of proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium, sodium reabsorption at the diluting segments and proportion of sodium load reabsorbed distally. This study was carried out in 17 normal children, in 9 children with proximal RTA, associated in all but one with the Fanconi syndrome, and in 5 children with primary distal RTA. Patients with proximal RTA presented mainly an impaired reabsorption of sodium in the proximal tubule, which was in great part but not completely compensated by an absolute increase in distal sodium reabsorption. Patients with distal RTA showed normal reabsorption of sodium in the proximal tubule but they were unable to reabsorb completely the load of sodium escaping proximal reabsorption due to a defect of sodium reabsorption in the distal diluting segments. These results indicate that the classification of RTA in proximal and distal types is also valid according to the differences found in the tubular handling of water and sodium. PMID- 7374880 TI - Autoradiographic studies of the rat renotropic system. AB - Rat sera, 10-30 h after unilateral nephrectomy (UNI), enhance 3H-thymidine ("3H Tdr) incorporation into DNA of incubating renal tissue from control rats. Stimulation is even greater when extracts from remaining growing kidneys 20 h after UNI are combined with sera from rats after UNI. UNI extracts, i.e., extracts from the kidney remaining after uninephrectomy, are nonstimulatory alone. UNI sera and UNI sera plus UNI extracts could theoretically augment 3H-Tdr incorporation into renal DNA via dilutional means rather than enhanced DNA synthesis. To determine if our results were secondary to enhanced DNA synthesis, we performed our in vitro assay using the labelling of nuclei via autoradiography as another index. The addition of UNI sera compared to sera from sham-operated rats (SHAM) in seven paired experiments enhanced incorporation of 3H-Tdr into DNA by 30% (p less than 0.02) and the addition of both UNI sera and UNI extracts compared to SHAM sera and SHAM extracts enhanced incorporation by 48% (p less than 0.001). Unlike a dilutional effect, nuclear labelling also increased in these same seven experiments: UNI sera versus SHAM sera increased 25% (p less than 0.05) and UNI sera + UNI extracts versus SHAM sera + SHAM extracts increased 37% (p less than 0.01). We conclude that UNI sera and UNI sera + UNI extracts enhance 3H-Tdr incorporation into DNA by augmenting DNA synthesis, driving cells into the "S" phase. The use of 3H-Tdr incorporation into DNA in our assay does estimate DNA synthesis. PMID- 7374881 TI - Sarcoid granulomatous nephritis with isolated and reversible renal failure. A case report. AB - A case of reversible renal failure due to sarcoid granulomatous nephritis is described. The patient, a 21-year-old student, was admitted with renal insuffciency (GFR = 25 ml/min); no damage was found in any organ except for slightly enlarged pulmonary hilar lymph nodes. Repeated percutaneous renal biopsies showed an interstitial noncaseating granulomatous nephritis. Steroid therapy provided rapid improvement and the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was established. Complete recovery of renal function with normal urinalyses was seen. PMID- 7374882 TI - Mechanism by which uptake inhibitors antagonize p-chloroamphetamine-induced depletion of brain serotonin. AB - The mechanism by which uptake inhibitors antagonize p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) induced depletion of brain serotonin has been suggested to involve: (1) blockade of PCA uptake into the serotonin neuron by means of the membrane carrier, or (2) blockade of the efflux of released serotonin from the neuron, this efflux also requiring the membrane carrier. According to either mechanism, antagonism of serotonin depletion by PCA would provide a valid index of inhibition of the amine uptake system on serotonin neurons in vivo. PMID- 7374884 TI - Aging and rat brain muscarinic receptors as measured by quinuclidinyl benzilate binding. AB - Measurement of cholinergic muscarinic receptor binding in various rat brain areas using the ligand [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate indicates that receptor binding is decreased in striatum and cerebellum of aged female rats (22 months old) as compared to younger rats (4 months old). Decreases were not observed in cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, or amygdala areas. Further examination o [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding in subcellular fractions of aged and young rat cerebellum and striatum indicated a decrease in binding in the crude nuclear and crude synaptosomal fractions. Binding data indicate the observed decrease in specific ligand binding is due to a decrease in number of binding sites while receptor affinity does not appear to change. PMID- 7374883 TI - Differential effects of benztropine and desipramine on the high affinity uptake of paratyramine in slices of the caudate nucleus and hypothalamus. AB - The effect of benzotropine and desipramine on the uptake of dopamine and p tyramine was studied in slices of caudate and hypothalamus. In the hypothalamus, of the various combinations of drugs and amines, desipramine inhibited p-tyramine uptake most effectively. In the caudate, benzotropine inhibited dopamine uptake most effectively. It is suggested that in the caudate, p-tyramine may possess its own unique transport system distinct from that utilized by dopamine which is inhibited by benzotropine. PMID- 7374885 TI - Regional distributions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), and gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase (GABA-T) in the central nervous brains of C57/BR, C3H/He, and F1 hybrid mice. AB - The distributions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), and gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase (GABA-T) have been studied in various brain areas of mice. These neurochemical markers, which are related to inhibitory neurotransmission, were investigated in different inbred strains of mice (C3H/He, C57/BR, and their F1 hybrids). The regional distributions of GABA, GAD activity, and GABA-T activity in adult mice of these three strains were quite similar. No significant differences were found in any brain area for GAD or GABA-T activity. However, significant differences in GABA level were found in several brain areas among these strains of mice, especially in hypothalamus, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and occipital cortex. These results provide further information to the possible influence of the GABAergic system in these brain areas. PMID- 7374886 TI - Levels of several amino acids in the cerebellar peduncles and four medullary nuclei of control and 3-acetylpyridine-treated rats. PMID- 7374887 TI - Inhibition of potassium-stimulated release of [3H]dopamine from rat striata as a result of prior exposure to cocaine, nomifensine, or mazindol. AB - The nerve terminals in the striata of rat brain were labeled in vitro with [3H]dopamine via the uptake mechanism for catecholamines. Subsequently, the striata were incubated with cocaine, nomifensine, or mazindol, inhibitors of catecholamine uptake. The tissues were rinsed in fresh medium and then stimulated with 20 mM potassium to induce release of [3H]dopamine. Under these conditions, each drug decreased the potassium-stimulated release of radioactivity by 40-50% compared to control tissues which had not been exposed to the drugs. PMID- 7374888 TI - [Computed X-ray tomography in cases of metastatic brain tumors]. AB - The authors describe the role of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of metastases to the brain and orbit, and analyse computer tomography findings in different types of metastases. Because the metastases are visualized better after administration of contrast medium the importance of this tomography done before and after administration of contrast medium is discussed. PMID- 7374889 TI - [On the problem of venous strokes]. AB - Two cases of venous strokes diagnosed on autopsy of fixed brain are described, one in a 54-years-old female with diabetes and hypertension, and another in a 78 years-old female. In both cases the course of the disease was very dramatic and in both thrombosis of the vena cerebri magna was found. PMID- 7374890 TI - [Case of spontaneous intracerebral hematoma with subsequent development of post hemorrhagic cyst]. AB - The authors describe a case of spontaneous intracerebral haematoma treated conservatively. After three months a large posthaemorrhagic cyst of the brain was found in the sensorimotor area. The authors suppose that in case of surgical treatment the course of the disease and its sequelae would have been much milder. The interest shown by neurologists in the problem of spontaneous intracerebral haematoma seems to be too low and the possibility of surgical treatment is not mentioned in the neurological literature. PMID- 7374892 TI - [Rheoencephalographic evaluation of the dynamics of cerebrovascular disorders after brain concussion]. AB - REG analysis of patients after brain concussion were analysed after obtaining them during 7 successive days after trauma. In the light of these results the author calls attention to the tendency for multiphasic changes in the tonus of cerebral arterial walls. PMID- 7374891 TI - [Case of subdural hematoma and hygroma with clinical symptoms of psychiatric disorders]. AB - The authors describe a case of a large subdural haematoma and hygroma in a male aged 19 years. Schizophrenia-like psychic disturbances and scant neurological signs made the diagnosis of the underlying disease particularly difficult. PMID- 7374893 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in inflammatory-obliterative processes in the posterior cranial fossa in children]. AB - The authors discuss diagnostic difficulties in 3 cases of inflammatory obliterative processes in the posterior cranial fossa in children. Clinical and other investigations suggested presence of expansive lesions. The diagnosis was established only during the operation. PMID- 7374894 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandins in multiple sclerosis. Preliminary report]. AB - In 14 patients with multiple sclerosis exacerbations, in 7 with slowly progressive or stationary disease, and 5 patients with intervertebral disc prolapse the levels of total prostaglandins (PGs) were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid. The determinations were done by bioassay according to Ferreira and Vane. In multiple sclerosis patients the level of total PGs was significantly higher in the cerebrospinal fluid (286 +/- 20.3 pg/ml) than in patients with disc prolapse (142 +/- 7.7 pg/ml) (p less than 0.01). This rise in this level might be due to increased synthesis of PGs by activated macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils or to increased hypothalamic response to stress. PMID- 7374895 TI - [Effect of short-term administration of sunflower oil on the blood serum level of linoleic and arachidonic acids and lipids in multiple sclerosis]. AB - Patients with multiple sclerosis had an oral load of sunflower seed oil in daily doses of 40 g during five days. This daily doses contained 27 g of linoleic acid (LA). Prior and after diet supplementation with sunflower seed oil the levels of linoleic and arachidonic acids were determined in the serum of patients. The values were expressed as relative percentages of total fatty acids. Before addition of sunflower oil to the diet the serum levels of linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) were in these patients significantly lower than in controls amounting to 17.0% and 1.05% (p less than 0.001). After addition of sunflower oil the levels of LA and AA rose to 32.7% and 3.02%. The concentration of total lipids and non-esterified fatty acids in the serum increased also significantly after addition of sunflower oil. Determinations of LA and AA 10 days after withdrawal of sunflower oil showed that their levels were 23.7% and 1.95% respectively. In 2 patients addition of sunflower oil only slightly changed the very low serum LA level. These results indicate that LA and AA deficiency in patients with multiple sclerosis has the character of a non-specific dietary deficiency mainly, although the role of genetic factors controlling the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids cannot be ruled out. PMID- 7374896 TI - [Relationship between blood serum luminal and diphenylhydantoin level and the results of treatment and other clinical data in drug-resistant epilepsy]. AB - The authors report a statistical analysis of the levels of phenobarbital (PH) and diphenylhydantoin (DPH) in a group of 100 patients with different types of epilepsy mostly resistant to pharmacological treatment. The mean values of PH and DPH were compared with the types of epilepsy, duration of the disease, additional treatment, EEG changes and therapeutic results. The following conclusions have been reached: a) therapeutic ranges of the PH and DPH levels in this group of patients were greater than those reported by others. b) no significant correlation is found between the levels of these drugs and the type of epilepsy, disease duration and EEG changes, with the exception of a positive correlation with PH level. c) Clonazepam, diazepam and mysodin raised the serum PH level in the serum, while only amizepine raised the DPH level. d) higher levels of PH and DPH were found in patients with poor therapeutic results. PMID- 7374897 TI - [Analysis of electroencephalographic findings in patients with Horton's headache]. AB - The authors analysed electroencephalographic findings in 36 patients with Horton's headache (cluster headaches). It was found that EEG findings in Horton's headache are usually normal and show considerable stability. Slight EEG changes observed in a low number of cases were usually similar to those observed in the general population. The analysis of bioelectric activity of the brain in patients with this headache suggests an extracerebral mechanism of this disease. PMID- 7374898 TI - [Study of cerebral blood flow by the modified method of Kety-Schmidt using the original tube for determination of nitrous oxide]. AB - For simplifying the method of Kety-Schmidt used in measurements of cerebral blood flow a probe designed specially for this purpose was used for measuring the blood levels of nitrous oxide. The principles of the original method of Kety-Schmidt and the later proposed correction in calculations are described. The device for nitrous oxide determination called N2O-meter consists of a part for measurements and indication, to which cadmium-gold probes are attached fixed to the chambers used for blood investigations. The principle of the probe is based on demonstration of potential differences developing during N2O reduction on the cadmium electrode. Reduction of the volume of blood samples and the use of low concentration of nitrous oxide in the breathing mixture makes this method of cerebral blood flow determination safe for the patient and quick reading of the values increases the usefulness of the method under clinical conditions. PMID- 7374899 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of post-traumatic intracerebral hematoma]. AB - The authors discuss the results of surgical treatment of traumatic intracerebral haematomas on the basis of own material of 44 cases and a survey of literature. The rarity of this complication of injuries and the diagnostic difficulties are stressed, the usefulness of surgical approach is analysed and the prognostic importance of such factors as the clinical course of haematoma, severity of the patient's condition, and coexistence of other intracranial injuries is discussed. PMID- 7374901 TI - [Epidural abscesses of the spinal cord treated surgically]. AB - The authors discuss 5 cases of epidural empyemas of the vertebral canal in which a good surgical effect was obtained. On the basis of a literature survey and own material they discuss the aetiology of the disease, its rarity, and diagnostic difficulties caused frequently by absence of typical neurological changes, lack of systemic inflammatory reaction and primary purulent focus. PMID- 7374900 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of intracranial epidural hematoma]. AB - The authors discuss the results of surgical treatment of intracranial epidural haematomas in the light of own material of 84 cases. In relation to reports in the literature the authors call attention to diagnostic difficulties in atypical cases and discuss the importance of signs of prognostic value for the life of the patient and factors increasing mortality. The signs of poor prognosis include: respiratory disturbances, bilateral pupillary dilatation, coma with disturbances of basic vital functions and decerebrate rigidity. The mortality is increased by co-existent intracranial injuries, especially brain lacerations. The prognosis was best in cases operated upon during the lucid interval. Very good and good results of treatment were achieved in 86% of cases, satisfactory in 8%, with a general mortality of 26%, which was highest in the group with acute haematomas reaching 43%. PMID- 7374902 TI - [Epidermoid of the third ventricle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7374904 TI - [A study on histological changes of the intracranial arteries after permanent clipping or ligation. Part I. An experimental study in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7374903 TI - [Sublabial rhinoseptoplastic technique for transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7374906 TI - [Multiple aneurysms associated with moyamoya disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7374907 TI - [Calcified tuberculoma of the cerebellum with intracranial multiple calcifications -a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7374905 TI - [Intracranial osteochondroma -case report (author's transl)]. AB - Intracranial osteochondroma or chondroma is rarely seen. A case of osteochondroma in the right middle fossa was presented with a review of twenty-six cases reported in Japan. A 41-year-old male was admitted to Nippon Medical School hospital with five years history of double vision. Neurological examination revealed right abducens palsy and a slight degree of ipsilateral exophthalmos. Craniogram showed a mottled calcification without definite bone destruction. EMI scan showed an irregularly shaped high density area, which was not enhanced after contrast media infusion. The bone scintigraphy employing 99mTec-MDP revealed an abnormal uptake in the right orbital region and proved to be a valuable technique for the detection of osteochondroma. The tumor was subtotally removed by a right frontotemporal craniotomy. Histologically this tumor was confirmed to be osteochondroma. The patient was discharged about one month after operation and then returned to work. PMID- 7374908 TI - [Intracranial extension of sphenoethmoidal mucocele --report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7374910 TI - Basal membrane labyrinths in the healing stages of chick nutritional encephalopathy. AB - Chicks were fed a diet rich in oxidized oil and deficient in alpha-tocopherol. As soon as nutritional encephalopathy developed the animals were immediately put on to a normal diet, and kept alive for up to 166 days. Examination of the cerebellum showed multiple foci of healed encephalomalacia with EM appearance of basal membrane labyrinths between astroglial cells and around blood vessels. The possible origin of the basement membrane material in this conditions was considered and compared with similar formations in normal animals, in CNS tumour explants, and after portocaval anastomosis as well as after spinal cord lesions. PMID- 7374911 TI - Thyroid deficiency and cell death in the rat cerebellum during development. AB - The [3H]-DNA content of the cerebellum remained constant during a period from 4 h to 8--9 days after the administration of [3H]-thymidine both to normal rats at 6 and 12 days of age and to thyroid deficient rats at 6 days. On the other hand, when [3H]-thymidine was given to 12-day-old thyroid deficient rats, a progressive decrease in the cerebellar content of [3H]-DNA was observed during the first 4 days after the injection. These findings, together with previous results showing a markedly elevated pyknotic index in the internal granular layer of the 12-day old hypothyroid cerebellum, are consistent with there being an increased death of newly formed and differentiating granule cells in thyroid deficiency towards the end of the second week of postnatal life. PMID- 7374909 TI - [Three cases of traumatic intracerebral hematoma with ventricular hemorrhage (author's transl)]. AB - Three heavy drinkers, the patients fell down stairs while inebriated and were hit on their heads. Utilizing CT, we found that the hematomas in all three cases were accompanied by ventricular hemorrhage which, in two of the cases, were similar to hypertensive intracerebral hematoma in the basal ganglia. None of the three had a history of hypertension. We are of the opinion that the vulnerability of cerebral arteries, especially in the basal ganglia, of such heavy drinkers added to the traumatic force and led to the pathogenic bleeding. We were unable to find a correlation between the intracerebral hematoma and the site of the hit. It is assumed that immediate removal of the hematoma in cases of intracerebral hematoma with ventricular bleeding can result in the survival of the patient. PMID- 7374912 TI - A comparative quantitative and morphological study of ageing in the mouse neostriatum, indusium griseum and anterior commissure. AB - The glia:neuron ratio increased between 5 and 9 months in the neostriatum and indusium griseum and thereafter remained constant until 18 months-of-age. Between 18 and 22 months the glia:neuron ratio did not change in the neostriatum, but increased significantly in the indusium griseum due to a combination of a loss of neurons and an increase in glia. The 6--9 months rise was mainly due to an increase in the number of astrocytes in both regions although there was some increase in oligodendrocytes at this time. The increase in glia in the indusium griseum between 18 and 22 months was due to an increase in both astrocytes and microglia. In the anterior commissure, the pattern of glial change was almost identical in both limbs with oligodendrocytes increasing between 6 and 9 months then decreasing between 9 and 18 months. Astrocytes decreased between 6 and 18 months. Between 18 and 22 months oligodendrocytes and microglia both increased in number. There was a decrease in glioblasts in both limbs with age. The age at which lipofuscin appeared was different in each type of glial cell and in each region studied. Microglia contained lipofuscin at 6 months in all regions. Astrocytes first contained lipofuscin at 6 months in the neostriatum, at 9 months in the indusium griseum and at 15 months in the anterior commissure. Oligodendrocytes first contained lipofuscin at 12 months in the anterior commissure, at 18 months in the indusium griseum and at 18 months in the neostriatum. Ependymal cells adjacent to the neostriatum contained lipofuscin and osmiophilic lipid at 6 months but by 12 months the latter had become much less osmiophilic. Foamy pericytes were found in all regions: from 6 months in the neostriatum; from 9 months in the indusium griseum and from 15 months in the anterior commissure. These contained lipid droplets, were only found adjacent to arterioles or venules, and were likely Ibrahim's neurolipomastocytes. The response of glia to ageing varies in different regions of grey matter, but is similar in two different regions of white matter. These age changes may be related to different levels of metabolic activity of glia in different parts of the brain. PMID- 7374913 TI - Spiral membrane cylinders in the skeletal muscle of a patient with melorheostosis. AB - Spiral membrane cylinders have been found in the quadriceps muscle of a patient with melorheostosis. These structures were confined to type II fibres in the leg affected by the bone disease. The possible origins of such structures are discussed. PMID- 7374915 TI - Paired helical filaments in rat spinal ganglia following chronic alcohol administration: an electron microscopic investigation. AB - Young Wistar rats were given a 15% (v/v) ethanol solution ad libitum for at least 6 months, spinal ganglia (C6-7 and L1-2) in some of the experimental animals showed paired helical filaments. These curvilinear profiles consisted of 10 nm filaments with the twist every 35nm. There was also an increase in granular material and in nematosomes. Whether these features may be caused by an impaired cerebral protein biosynthesis is discussed. PMID- 7374914 TI - Variation with age in the volumes of grey and white matter in the cerebral hemispheres of man: measurements with an image analyser. AB - The total volumes and relative quantities of grey and white matter have been measured in sixty-five normal male and sixty-five normal female cerebral hemispheres. Fixed hemisphere volume was found to fall linearly at 3.5% per decade for men from 641 ml at the age of 20 to 463 ml at the age of 100. For women the decrease was 1.9% per decade from 531 ml at 20 years to 462 ml at 100 years. After correction for the effects of fixation and for the secular increase in brain size, it was concluded that mean hemisphere volume remained roughly constant between the ages of 20 and 50 years (558 ml for men, 474 ml for women). After the age of 50 the mean volume in both sexes fell at about 2% per decade. The ratio of the volumes of grey to white matter was the same for the two sexes at all ages. Its mean value was 1.3 at the age of 20, falling to 1.1 at the age of 50, then rising steadily to over 1.5 at 100 years. It is impossible in practice to correct these measurements for the effects of fixation or secular change. Fourteen hemispheres from thirteen elderly female dements were also measured. The total volume was 18% lower than for an age-matched group of normals, but the ratio of grey to white matter was identical. PMID- 7374916 TI - Pathology of disulfiram neuropathy. AB - The pathological changes in a sural nerve biopsy from a 42-year-old woman with disulfiram-induced peripheral neuropathy were assessed by quantitative light microscopy, electron microscopy, and the study of teased nerve fibres. The nerve had a marked loss of myelinated fibres; of the remaining myelinated fibres some were undergoing Wallerian-type axonal degeneration. Large myelinated fibres were preferentially involved. Primary demyelination, remyelination, and evidence of regeneration were not present. Because of the marked differences between the pathological findings in disulfiram neuropathy and carbon disulfide neuropathy, it is concluded that carbon disulfide is not responsible for the neurotoxic effect of disulfiram. PMID- 7374917 TI - Persistent multiplication of axon-associated cells in the spinal roots of dystrophic mice. AB - Axons which lack Schwann cells characterize the spinal roots of dystrophic mice. In these nerves, two types of cells are associated with large axons-typical Schwann cells which ensheath and myelinate individual axons and "uncommitted" cells which closely contact some axons but do not unsheath them normally. Although neonatal Schwann cell multiplication in dystrophic spinal roots is less than normal, the "uncommitted" cells continue to multiply in adult animals. Thus, these cells are presumably responsive to the mitogenic stimulus of axons, but are unable to extend radially and longitudinally to form a myelin sheath. This disorder of axon-sheath cell interactions could be due to an intrinsic abnormality of Schwann cells or a failure of the mechanisms whereby axons induce Schwann cell differentiation. PMID- 7374918 TI - Dose-response relation of CSF sodium and renal sodium excretion, and its absence in homozygous Brattleboro rats. AB - Constant intraventricular infusion (3.3--6.6 microliters/min) of artificial cerebrospinal fluid with sodium concentrations of 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 mM produced a linear dose-related change in renal sodium excretion in conscious, unrestrained Sprague-Dawley rats. The periventricular receptors stimulated were able to evoke substantial changes in body sodium balance; the 350 mM Na CSF produced an estimated 14% deficit in the content of Na in the extracellular fluid over a 5-hour infusion period. This is the first demonstration of such a dose-response relation over a wide range of CSF Na concentration (above and below normal) in conscious animals. Both the dose response relation, and the magnitude of the effects, suggests an important physiologic role for this control mechanism. The natriuresis in response to 300 mM sodium infusion was identical in Long-Evans Brattleboro rats heterozygous for diabetes insipidus (DI), and in Sprague-Dawley rats, but was completely absent in homozygous animals. Although the experimental methods (conscious unrestrained rats) precluded simultaneous evaluation of efferent pathways other than antidiuretic hormone (ADH), the evidence from the DI rats suggests that ADH may be the efferent pathway for the response. PMID- 7374919 TI - Intrahypothalamic hormone implantation and activation of sexual behavior in the male hamster. AB - Intrahypothalamic implants of testosterone propionate (TP), 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E) were compared for their effectiveness in reactivating sexual behavior of castrated male golden hamsters. Males tested preexperimentally and then observed for loss of sexual behavior responses after long-term castration were divided into four experimental treatment groups: anterior TP implants, DHT implants and E implants, and posterior TP implants. All animals were tested at 7 and 21 days postimplantation. On the day 7 implant test mount frequency, latency and duration per mount were significantly different from the castrate response for the TP implant groups. On the day 21 implant test both TP and E implant groups showed significant changes in mounting while intromission frequency, latency and duration per intromission were significantly different from the castrate only for the TP implant groups. DHT implants were not effective in reactivating any aspect of copulatory behavior in the castrate male hamster. PMID- 7374920 TI - Role of serotonin in the regulation of ovulation. Evidence from pharmacological studies. AB - Using two tests in intact adult rats, it has been found that a high positive correlation exists (p less than 0.005) between the ovulation inhibiting and the serotonin antagonistic activities measured in vivo of five tricyclic compounds and ten ergot derivatives. In these chemically different classes of compounds, certain structural modifications induced similar activity changes in both tests. These pharmacological results support the view that serotonin plays an essential, apparently facilitatory role in the central mechanisms controlling ovulation in the rat. PMID- 7374921 TI - Effect of electrical stimulation of the optic nerve on the nucleus preopticus and nucleus lateralis tuberis of the catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.). AB - The changes in the nucleus preopticus (NPO) and nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT) of the catfish, Clarias batrachus, were studied after electrical stimulation of the optic nerve. The aldehyde fuchsin (AF)-positive neurosecretory material from the entire NPO was depleted after a 10-min stimulation as revealed from the bulk stained preparations and tissue sections. However, a 3-min stimulation was sufficient to cause significant hypertrophic changes in the neuronal nuclei (p less than 0.005 in the ventral neurons; p less than 0.01 in the dorsal neurons). In order to evoke significant stimulatory changes in the cell nuclei of the NLT, a longer period of stimulation than that for the NPO was essential. Similarly, stimulations of different durations were required to induce significant hypertrophic changes in the pars anterior and pars posterior of the NLT. Based on these observations, the possible existence of an afferent pathway from the optic nerve to the hypothalamic neurosecretory nuclei is suggested. PMID- 7374922 TI - Effect of perphenazine on secretory patterns of growth hormone in the rat. AB - A nonstressfull frequent sampling technique was employed to determine the effect of perphenazine, 5 mg/kg on spontaneous secretion of rat growth hormone (rGH). The drug blocked secretion almost entirely for at least 3, but no more than 22 h. These results suggest a role for dopamine and/or norepinephrine as stimulatory neurotransmitters for spontaneous rGH secretory episodes. The further suggest that experimental or therapeutic use of phenothiazines might produce functional GH deficiency. PMID- 7374923 TI - [Genetic study of the construction of space among myopathic children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7374924 TI - [The representation of a familiar space: a comparative study among deaf and hearing children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7374927 TI - [The personality of myopathic children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7374926 TI - [Psychological development and progressive loss of movement in myopathic children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7374929 TI - [Evolution of psychoses of early childhood. Retrospective study]. PMID- 7374925 TI - [The construction of projective space: a comparative study of deaf and hearing children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7374928 TI - [A child in need (author's transl)]. PMID- 7374930 TI - [Detection and treatment of early psychoses]. PMID- 7374931 TI - [Psychosis in children and epilepsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7374932 TI - [The grandparents of psychotic children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7374933 TI - [Convulsive autism or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome? Apropos of 9 cases of primary autism associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome]. PMID- 7374935 TI - Obsessional personality traits and ABO blood types. AB - The relation of ABO blood types to obsessional personality traits, as measured by the Leyton Obsessional Inventory (LOI), was studied in a sample of 600 normal individuals. High scorers of the LOI trait portion demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of phenotype O and a significantly higher incidence of phenotypes AB, A and B, taken together, compared to those of a general population sample and the entire study group. Findings of the present study, in conjunction with previous findings concerning a lower incidence of phenotype O and a higher incidence of phenotype A in obsessive compulsive patients, could be interpreted as indicating that phenotype O may be associated with personality traits hindering the development of obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. PMID- 7374934 TI - Investigations on electrolyte and water contents in plasma and red blood cells in the course of thymoleptic treatment of depressive syndromes. AB - Water and electrolyte contents in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) were studied in 46 patients with depressive syndromes of various etiology (bipolar, unipolar, psychogenic) before and after 14 days of imipramine treatment. Initial low RBC sodium levels were characteristic of patients with bipolar depression. A significant increase in RBC sodium was observed after imipramine treatment in a group of good imipramine responders. RBC sodium changes in psychogenic patients after imipramine were different from those observed in endogenous (bipolar plus unipolar) ones. A fall in plasma calcium levels was shown in the course of imipramine administration mostly in patients with favourable response to the drug. PMID- 7374937 TI - Psychiatric morbidity in the offspring of patients with affective disorders. A preliminary report. AB - 40 randomly selected patients with bipolar, unipolar and schizoaffective illness were interviewed about their 85 male and female first-degree offspring using the Conner's Parent Questionnaire and the Greenhill Brief Sociopathy Scale. Although there was a conspicuous absence of homologous illness in the offspring, the highest incidence of psychiatric symptoms was found in male offspring and adopted offspring of all diagnostic categories and the male and female children of bipolar parents. One third of the bipolar probands and one-fourth of the unipolar probands were reported by their parents to have motor-behavior problems. The symptom profile may be the harbinger to forbode more formal psychiatric difficulties in adulthood. PMID- 7374936 TI - Measurement of the plasmatic level of free and protein-bound tryptophan in mental pathology. PMID- 7374938 TI - Mind-brain interaction: mentalism, yes; dualism, no. PMID- 7374939 TI - High-resolution radioautographic study of the serotonin innervation of the rat corpus striatum after intraventricular administration of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine. PMID- 7374941 TI - A study of the organization of the locus coeruleus projections to the lateral geniculate nuclei in the albino rat. PMID- 7374940 TI - Selective uptake of [3H]gamma-aminobutyrate by rat supra- and subependymal nerve fibers, histological and high resolution radioautographic studies. PMID- 7374942 TI - Distribution and derivation of cholinergic elements in the rat olfactory bulb. PMID- 7374943 TI - Regional and subcellular distribution of cholinergic enzyme and receptor activity in goldfish brain. PMID- 7374944 TI - Binding of Naja naja siamensis alpha-toxin to the chick ciliary ganglion: a light microscopy autoradiographic study. PMID- 7374947 TI - Response characteristics of cerebellar interpositus and intermediate cortex neurons to sinusoidal stimulation of neck and labyrinth receptors. PMID- 7374945 TI - Dendritic and axonic fields of Purkinje cells in developing and x-irradiated rat cerebellum. A comparative study using intracellular staining with horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 7374946 TI - Density and relative number of granule and Purkinje cells in cerebellar cortex of cat. PMID- 7374949 TI - Septal connections with identified oxytocin and vasopressin neurones in the supraoptic nucleus of the rat. An electrophysiological investigation. PMID- 7374948 TI - Possible correlation between noradrenergic innervation in the cerebellum and jumping behavior in mice. PMID- 7374950 TI - The excitability of hypoglossal motoneurons undergoing chromatolysis. PMID- 7374951 TI - Dual transmission at morphologically mixed synapses: evidence from postsynaptic cobalt injections. PMID- 7374952 TI - The mechanism of neuronal noradrenaline and dopamine beta-hydroxylase release by a sodium-deficient solution substituted with urea. PMID- 7374957 TI - Restoration of reflex ventilatory response to hypoxia after removal of carotid bodies in the cat. PMID- 7374954 TI - Intracranial colchicine impairs lateralized reaching in rats. PMID- 7374956 TI - Spatial organization of the cerebellar corticovestibular projection in the cat. PMID- 7374953 TI - Facilitation by 'low sodium-urea' medium of the washout of dopamine beta hydroxylase released by potassium ions from the perfused rabbit heart. PMID- 7374959 TI - Observations on neuromuscular connection between the vagus nerve and skeletal muscle. PMID- 7374958 TI - Electrophysiological evidence for presynaptic inhibition of acetylcholine release by 5-hydroxytryptamine in the enteric nervous system. PMID- 7374955 TI - An allele of the mouse mutant dystonia musculorum exhibits lesions in red nucleus and striatum. PMID- 7374961 TI - Aspects of the chemical embryology of the electromotor system of Torpedo marmorata with special reference to synaptogenesis. PMID- 7374960 TI - alpha-Bungarotoxin binding sites in the rat superior cervical ganglion are influenced by postganglionic axotomy. PMID- 7374962 TI - Metal ion content of cholinergic synaptic vesicles isolated from the electric organ of Torpedo: effect of stimulation-induced transmitter release. PMID- 7374963 TI - Membrane recapture after hormone release from nerve endings in the neural lobe of the rat pituitary gland. PMID- 7374964 TI - Neurosecretory granule release and endocytosis during prolonged stimulation of the rat neurohypophysis in vitro. PMID- 7374966 TI - [Biofeedback and esophageal manometry. Preliminary note]. AB - The biofeed-back technique is based on the concept of the voluntary control of visceral functions and derives from the clinical application of the theory of operative conditioning. After a brief mention of general concepts and the various application fields of biofeed-back, a personal proposal for the use of this technique in the treatment of oesophageal dysfunctions of psychosomatic origin with the aid of oesophageal manometry is put foward. PMID- 7374965 TI - The brainstem core: sensorimotor integration and behavioral state control. PMID- 7374967 TI - [Surgical treatment of peritonitis caused by diverticulitis of the sigmoid. Apropos of 12 cases]. AB - Twelve cases of peritonitis due to sigmoid diverticulitis managed by minimal surgery are reported. Morbidity involved two cases of stenosing sigmoiditis on which sigmoid resection was successfully carried out. Although it is considered that radical surgery is the optimal solution, it is also recalled that the prime objective is to cure the peritonitis, so each case must be assessed carefully on its own merits since the condition is a complication of a benign disease and the risk of emergency sigmoid resections is by no means negligible. PMID- 7374968 TI - [Emergency or deferred treatment of perforated and bleeding gastroduodenal ulcer]. AB - The treatment of perforated peptic ulcer, according to the experience of the Authors (327 cases), must be very pressing and always surgical. The closure of the perforation, the simplest treatment, seems the most suitable and the least dangerous for the survival of the patient, even though 68% of these patients will have to undergo surgery again in the course of 10 years. The radical treatment of resection, is reserved to few and carefully chosen cases, because it is loaded with sufficient risk. Acute bleeding peptic ulcer (86 cases) requires the operation: immediate or delayed according to the importance of the hemorrage: very serious, serious, moderate. PMID- 7374969 TI - [Gastric resection in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer. Our experience in 960 operations]. AB - A personal therapeutic approach to ulcers is described. In this connection, a brief reference to the importance of endoscopy in typings is followed by an account of what is regarded as the best form of treatment. It is felt that resection is the operation of choice when surgery is indicated. Results obtained in 960 cases operated over the last 10 years are cited in support of this contention. PMID- 7374970 TI - [Unusual cause of acute abdomen in childhood. Cystic fibrolymphangioma of the mesentery]. AB - Cystic fibrolymphangioma of the mesentery as an unusual cause of acute abdomen in infancy is described. This form is one of the many mesenteric cysts whose pathogenesis has not yet been established. Preoperative diagnosis of such cysts is very difficult, and there are very few cases in which a close study has been possible in the light of clinical suspicion. Intraoperative diagnosis is the most likely, therefore, though there are cases - such as that reported here - in which surgery is indicated to remedy the occlusion caused by the cyst, and not because a swelling has been noted on clinical examination. PMID- 7374971 TI - [Sulfobromophthalein clearance and survival of cirrhotics after an elective porto systemic shunt]. AB - Preoperative clearance of a single dose of BSP was assessed in 72 candidates for porto-systemic shunt in cirrhosis of the liver. Comparison between those who had died (24) and those who had survived (48) several years later showed statistically significant differences with regard to equivalent liver volume, first uncorrected exponential (Ki), absolute clearance, and 45' retention. A certain degree of differentiation could be made out among the survivors, whereas those who had died could not be distinguished from the series as a whole, nor could correlations be established with the length of survival. No practical advantage was displayed by the more complex, computer-processed parameters as opposed to those that were more immediately available. PMID- 7374972 TI - [Primary suture of the common bile duct]. AB - The Author reviews 102 cases of primary choledochotomy treated during a 14 years period of biliary surgery; he examines immediate and follow-up results. The excellent results are ascribed parthy for the exactues of indication, parthy to transduodenal sphincteroplasty that had been combined with aforesaid operation in 76% of cases. PMID- 7374973 TI - [Primary cancer of the gallbladder. Presentation of 54 cases]. AB - The Authors shortly describe some of the main aspects of the primitive cancer of the gallbladder and then expose their 54 cases referred to the last 16 years. Upon it they discuss two points concerning the actual position of surgery of these tumors and the meaning of the cancer-cholelithiasis relation. They finally conclude that notwithstanding the introduction of sofisticated radiological techniques, diagnosis has not recorded improvements in precocity and remember the usefulness of every laparotomy in individuals 50 years over. PMID- 7374974 TI - [Treatment of acute cholecystitis. Clinico-statistical findings]. AB - A series of 354 patients suffering from gall bladder and/or bile way conditions and who had undergone operation in the acute phase has been reviewed. The usefulness of early operation over more wait-and-see tactics is confirmed. Shortening of mean hospitalization is particularly significant. The difference in hospital mortality is insignificant. The only complication reported is the higher frequency of suppurative accidents in the surgical wound. PMID- 7374975 TI - [Evaluation of calcium and phosphorus in peripheral arteriopathies]. PMID- 7374977 TI - [Mastoses. Indications and technic for surgical treatment]. AB - The authors tackle the subject of surgical treatment of benign diseases of breast. They show the importance to get a good result either pathologically or aesthetically. About this consideration they related operating techniques for various kinds of benign disease of breast, that assure the preservation or the aesthetical restoration of this region that is so psychologically important for a woman. PMID- 7374976 TI - [Indications, technic and immediate and long-term results of cryosurgery of hemorrhoids. Personal experience]. AB - Haemorrhoid cryosurgery in 528 cases operated since the University of Genoa Colon and Rectum Diseases Centre opened is illustrated. It is shown that the complete success of this technique is dependent on careful preoperative assessment, adoption of a suitable method, and proper post-operative management. An analysis of these three parameters is followed by a description of the immediate and 1-yr follow-up results observed in the reported series. The soundness of the method is asserted. Stress is laid on the fact that cryosurgery offers a valid alternative to conventional surgical methods, provided its indications are strictly adhered to. PMID- 7374979 TI - [Indications for duodenopancreatectomy]. PMID- 7374978 TI - [Mastoses. Etiopathogenetic presuppositions for medical treatment]. AB - The dimensions of breast are genetically determinated and hormones only allow breast (when growth is finished) to reach the definite dimensions. In the development of benign disease of breast, the estro-progestinic lack of balance, for a long period, holds a great importance; while GH, TSH, ACTH, prolactine, and androgens are often favourable elements for the development of the benign disease of breast. It isn't verified how it is due to the hormones activity and how to biometabolic activity of the tissue hormones operate on. Since the opinions about a direct connection between benign disease of breast and Ca. are in contrast, we advise a periodical inspection of breast, and, moreover, the dosage of the receptors for estradiol and 2 OH testosterone; if they are both present, they send to a surgical therpay. Treatment of these patients effected with derivatives of 19-Nor-testosterone and 17-OH-progesteron, must not absolutely base on empiricism but must be documented with hormonal dosages and with dosages of receptors. Failure of this therapy leads to a surgical treatment. PMID- 7374980 TI - [Surgical correction of funnel chest and pigeon breast]. PMID- 7374981 TI - [Protective effect of citicoline on renal ischemia]. AB - The protective role of cyticholine was investigated on rabbit and dog kidneys subjected to temporary ischaemia. Following right nephrectomy, the right kidneys of 13 rabbits were subjected to warm ischaemia for 60'. Death occurred for various reasons within 48 hr. Histological examination suggested that tubular epithelium damage was less in the animals treated with cyticholine. In a similar experiment on 6 dogs after local and general infusion of cyticholine, warm ischaemia for 90' was followed by death in 33%, compared with 87.5% of the controls. Blood creatinine and BUN returned to normal between the 6th and the 8th days in the four surviving animals. The data suggest that cyticholine assists the functional recovery of kidneys subjected to warm ischaemia for more than 30' and limits tubular damage. PMID- 7374982 TI - [Emergency gastro-duodeno-cephalo-pancreatectomy for gastroduodenal necrosis caused by ingestion of caustics]. AB - Successful treatment of a case of gastroduodenal necrosis caused by the massive ingestion of muriatic acid is described. Total gastrectomy and resection of the duodenum and head of the pancreas were followed by oesophagocolonjejunoplasty. It is suggested that surgery should be as radical and as early as possible in cases where strong acids have been ingested. PMID- 7374983 TI - [The use of selective amino acid solutions in the pre- and post-operative treatment of cirrhotics. Preliminary observations]. AB - The use in cirrhosis of so-called selective amino acid solutions, i.e. solutions rich in branched and poor in aromatic acids, is readily explained by the proven alteration of the basal amino acid picture in this disease. It is also known that marked haemorrhage, stress, surgery and massive dehydration exacerbate the position and open the way to encephalopathy. A study was therefore made of the clinical, biochemical, and body fluid picture of cirrhosis patients subjected to portal surgery, and treated pre-, intra- and post-operatively with these special solutions. The treatment proved effective. It is felt that a study could usefully be made of more patients, with account being taken of features indicative of the behaviour of the nitrogen balance. PMID- 7374984 TI - [Benign parietal tumors of the stomach]. AB - The anatomo-pathological picture, symptomatology, diagnostic means and treatment of tumours deriving from the muscular (leimyomas, leiomyoblastomas), nervous (neurilemmomas) and connectival (lipomas) structures of the stomach are considered and 9 cases observed between 1968 and 1979 at the General Surgery Division of Busto Arsizio Hospital are reported. PMID- 7374985 TI - [Complications of surgery of the rectum]. AB - The immediate and late postoperative complications of surgery for rectal neoplasia have been examined. Both general complications and those arising out of specific techniques are discussed. The personal series involves 110 cases of rectal cancer operated at the Siena Cepartment of Surgical Pathology. PMID- 7374987 TI - [The Parks method of submucosal hemorroidectomy]. PMID- 7374986 TI - [Intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia]. AB - A case of intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia with stomach and colon migration is reported. Stress is laid on the problem of early diagnosis, as the condition is usually asymptomatic: the scpra-umbilical median laparotomy approach route is proposed. PMID- 7374988 TI - [Notes on cryosurgery in proctology]. AB - The A. in a review of the outpatient proctologic practice suggest the application of the crioprobe to the piles first and second degree, and to polyps small ones. A pathogenetic hypothesis of this narrowing application is supported on the basis of the unpractible mucosa, affected by 3rd degree piles. Furthermore the N2O employment seems to be unusefull in the treatment of the polyps and a further improvement of the probes is required. PMID- 7374989 TI - [Notes on a microsurgery study tour in the USA]. PMID- 7374990 TI - [Surgery of the liver and bile ducts]. PMID- 7374992 TI - [Endoscopic treatment of obstructive cholangitis]. AB - A long catheter can be positioned in the bile ducts by means of a fibre glass gastroduodenoscope, thus making it possible to drain bile and inject medicaments locally. This technique gives excellent results and is particularly indicated in cases of choledocic lithiasis complicated by cholangitis in order to clear up the infection and send the patient in for surgery in ideal condition. PMID- 7374991 TI - [Surgical treatment of an unusual case of intrinsic and extrinsic stenosis of the hepatic artery]. PMID- 7374994 TI - [Iatrogenic common bile duct calculosis. Results of choledochorrhaphy with non absorbable suture material]. AB - The use of non-absorbable suture material during the surgery of the choledochus can be a cause of choledocholithiasis. An interesting case of a female patient who underwent author's observation for recurrent cholangitis with partial pathological obstruction of the common bile duct after cholecystectomy (1948) and choledochotomy for choledocholithiasis (1977) is reported. PMID- 7374995 TI - [A case of spontaneous rupture of the common bile duct]. PMID- 7374993 TI - [Temporary external drainage of the principal biliary passages. The "minimal derivation". Notes on 50 cases]. PMID- 7374996 TI - [Simple cholecystectomy without drainage. A dilemma?]. AB - A retrospective study was carried out to show the uselessness of the routine employment of the drainage after simple cholecystectomy. 1425 patients underwent cholecystectomy because for cholelithiasis; of these 164 (13%) were drained because of adhesions, concomitant pancreatitis, inadvertent damage, empiema, gangrena and perforation of the gallbladder. In no case of the 1261 patients without drainage it has been possible to demonstrate the presence of one of those complications for which the use of a drainage after simple cholecystectomy is commonly advised. PMID- 7374997 TI - [Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder. Clinico-statistical findings in 24 cases]. AB - Twenty-four cases of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder (1.3% of gallbladder operations) collected over a period of 8 years are compared with those reported in the literature. This form has a very poor prognosis due to delays in diagnosis, early regional extension, and often insufficient surgical management. Women over 60 are the main victims. Abdominal pain is nearly always present, with icterus in 50% of cases. In 5/24 cases, the diagnosis was based on histological examination of the surgical specimen in the absence of clinical signs preceding the operation. It is felt that prophylactic cholecystectomy is desirable in cases of symptomatic or asymptomatic lithiatic cholecystopathy, especially in subjects most at risk. Suitable treatment of curable forms requires cholecystectomy combined with cuneiform hepatic resection and regional lymphadenectomy. PMID- 7374999 TI - [Satellite hepatopathy in uncomplicated cholelithiasis]. PMID- 7374998 TI - [Arginine thiazolidinecarboxylate in hepatology. Preliminary report]. PMID- 7375000 TI - [Complete atrioventricular block in a youth with mitral prolapse]. AB - A case of total A-V block observed in a 16 year old who had been suffering for two years from episodes of MAS and in whom further investigation revealed a prolapse of the rear flap of the mitral valve is reported. In the light of literature data, possible relations between the two conditions, A-V block and mitral valve prolapse are reviewed. In view of the youth of the patient, it is considered that the pathogenic agent underlying mitral valve prolapse (probable rheumatic aetiology) was also responsible for the conduction disturbance. PMID- 7375001 TI - [Study of the respiratory manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus]. AB - Following a short discussion of the anatomopathological and clinical features of respiratory signs during systemic l.e., some clinical cases in which involvement of the respiratory system (pleural and/or parenchymal) was observed alone or was clearly predominant are reported. The cases also presented some unusual clinical characteristics. Clinical investigations must be extended to the systemic mesenchyma in the presence of pleuritis or pulmonary fibrosis of unclear aetiology, even where there are no extra-respiratory signs of S.L.E. PMID- 7375002 TI - [Muscular tensions of the back studied with telethermography: changes induced with static measures and auricular acupuncture. Preliminary report]. AB - Thirty-six cases affected with scoliosis or scoliotic attitudes secondary to static trouble were examined. On all these cases a telethermography of the back was carried out demonstrating the presence of thermic asymmetry as regards to a normal map presenting hot areas on the side of the curve's concavity. The dysmorphosis secondary to static trouble cases was treated with millimetric rise whilst idiopathic scoliosis was treated with auricle therapy and precisely with the penetration of semipermanent steelplated needles of the bilateral external anthelis face. The exact point of penetration was determined by making use of the F frequency. All the cases treated have undergone long-term controls which document a return towards a normal telethermography. In the case of idiopathic scoliosis a significant modification in the thermography already after fifteen seconds of needle penetration was observed. PMID- 7375003 TI - [Comparative study of combined acupuncture anesthesia (CAA) and traditional general anesthesia (TGA). 32 cases of thoracic surgical operations]. PMID- 7375004 TI - [Acupuncture analgesia in gynecologic surgery. Personal experience]. PMID- 7375005 TI - [Endplate potentials, chemical mediators, acupuncture inparaplegia]. PMID- 7375006 TI - [Vertigo and auriculotherapy]. PMID- 7375007 TI - [Therapeutic management of cluster headache with lithium carbonate]. AB - Therapeutic effectiveness of lithium carbonate in cluster headache is confirmed on the ground of the results in 20 patients (14 with the episodic form, 6 with the chronic one). Outstanding findings were: a) the early effectiveness; b) the occurrence of therapeutic effects even with low doses; c) the negligible risk of side effects. The way interrupting the treatment in episodic cluster headache is proposed. In chronic cluster headache recurrence can be expected when lithium is stopped, but in some cases it occurs after a long free interval. The contrast is stressed between the high efficacy in all the 20 patients with cluster headache and the complete uneffectiveness in 5 patients affected by headaches considered as borderline between cluster headache and migraine. PMID- 7375008 TI - [The status of contact thermography in screening of breast diseases]. AB - The difficulties currently associated with the effective screening of diseases of the breast are discussed. Personal experience with contact thermography in an oncological out-patient department in the early diagnosis of breast tumours is referred to in a proposal that this technique be adopted for mass screening. The operating costs are examined, and an assessment is made of the suitability of the method, with particular regard to its harmlessness, effectiveness, and practicality. PMID- 7375009 TI - [Carcinoid syndrome due to bronchial adenoma. Observation of a case]. AB - A brief account of certain histopathological and clinical features of bronchial carcinoids is followed by the description of a case of bronchial adenoma marked by the absence of detectable histochemical argentaffinity, the presence of a carcinoid syndrome, and elevated blood 5-HT and urinary 5-HIIA. Attention is drawn to the existence of the syndrome, which is usually absent in biogenic-amine secreting adenomas of the bronchi, and an explanation for the picture is sought. The conclusion is drawn that 5-HT and 5-HIIA determinations are advisable in all cases of bronchial adenoma, since it is obvious that early diagnosis of a carcinoid syndrome will have repercussions at the therapeutic level. PMID- 7375012 TI - [Malignant lymphomas. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). II. Therapeutic planning]. PMID- 7375010 TI - [Clinical and radiological considerations on a case of acquired idiopathic agammaglobulinemia]. AB - A case of acquired idiopathic agammaglobulinaemia in a 23-yr-old woman is presented. The picture included frequent and recurrent lung, sinus and mastoid infections, and diarrhoea. The pathogenesis, radiological picture, and differential diagnosis of this immunological disorder are described. PMID- 7375011 TI - [Preliminary clinical and experimental data on a new anti-arrhythmic drug: lorcainide]. AB - A first series of personal results in the treatment of arrhythmia with lorcainide is presented. Findings were obtained by recording for 24 hr with Holter and compared with those observed in patients treated with quinidine. An ECG study was also made of the atrial and nodal refractory periods. The conclusion is drawn that lorcainaide possesses an undoubted and protracted anti-arrhythmic effect, and does not exert a significant influence on refractory period values. PMID- 7375013 TI - [Chronic hepatitis caused by B virus (HBV)]. AB - Following a short review of the viruses underlying viral hepatitis and those which, as a secondary factory in the clinical picture, may cause fleeting liver damge, the subdivision of chronic hepatitis conditions on histopathological bases is described. Particular attention is paid to pathogenesis, with a study of the elimination of B virus, correlated to particular histopathological types. A series of 27 PCH and 49 ACH cases is reported. Of special significance was the observation of 14 ACH out of 17 biopsied drug addicts. The therapeutic problem of chronic hepatitis is then tackled. PMID- 7375015 TI - [Somatic preoccupations and their effect on the colon]. AB - The psychic reevocation of disturbance of the colon or disturbances of other body districts not felt by the patient at the time facilitates the accentuation of colon motility or tone, leading to the exacerbation of the pathogenetic premises of the disturbances complained of. The colonmetrographic findings are instructive in this respect. Direct functional disturbance of various districts is also suggested, and the pathology of such forms in psychosomatically oriented patients is described. Such orientation takes the form of a ready translation of ideas into rather diffuse somatic changes that are partly aspecific, due to the predominance of response mechanisms that are more physiological than psychological. The picture is one of a primordial reaction to difficulties and problems, coupled with increased stress, sometimes to the points of vegetative or motor storms, in the expectation of help from outside, such help being represented in the past by intervention on the part of the mother. PMID- 7375016 TI - [Leucine arylamidase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity of the urine of normal subjects of infant age]. AB - Urinary activity of Leucine arylamidase, lactate dahydrogenase and Alkaline phosphatase in 14 healt subjects, ranging from 2 to 10 years are described. Some correlations between enzymatic activities, ratios enzymatic activities/creatininuria and enzymatic activities/dayly proteic clearance are investigated. PMID- 7375014 TI - [Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic problems of cystic pneumatosis of the colon]. AB - Two cases of cystic pneumatosis of the colon raised clinical problems that were mainly concerned with the diagnostic difficulties posed by this disease. These can only be solved by correct employment of radiology and endoscopy. Reference is made to the proper therapeutic approach, which must be moderate and conservative in all cases. An account is given of the pathogenesis of this form and support is expressed for the most commonly held theory, namely that mechanical factors are responsible for the penetration of air into the wall of the intestine. PMID- 7375018 TI - [Serum ornithyl-carbamyl-transferase activity in alcoholic hepatopathies]. PMID- 7375017 TI - [Complications in general surgery. The stomach. I. Vagotomy]. PMID- 7375019 TI - [Electroencephalographic study of 150 hospitalized alcoholics]. AB - The Authors compare the electroencephalographic findings and the tests of hepatic function in 140 patients with diagnosis of alcoholism. They notice the great percentage of normal EEG and the prevalence in the other cases of modest and aspecific anomalies. This findings is in accordance with most of the Authors who have studied this subject. The Authors remark also the positive correlation between these anomalies and the tests of hepatic function; they notice also how important is the contemporary presence of hematochemical changes and even slight signs of a neurotoxic syndrome, of which the EEG anomalies could be the expression, in order to formulate a correct prognosis and therapy of neurological and psychiatric alcoholism. PMID- 7375020 TI - [Latent or masked depression and depressive equivalents. Presentation of 2 clinical cases]. AB - The Authors present two cases of atypical depression with prevalently or exclusively somatic symptomatology. They discuss successively on the significance of latent and masked depressions and depressing equivalents, underlining the remarkable importance of the problem also for practical doctors and non specialists. In fact, the presence of cases like this type is common and for a correct therapeutic statement an exact diagnostic formulation is indispensable. PMID- 7375021 TI - [Side-effects of antitumor chemotherapy]. PMID- 7375022 TI - [Cerebrovascular insufficiency. Rehabilitation of the brain damaged subject]. PMID- 7375023 TI - [Serum copper as a means of therapeutic monitoring of patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7375024 TI - [Diffuse connectivitis]. PMID- 7375025 TI - [Minor connectivitis and the mixed connective tissue disease]. PMID- 7375027 TI - [Epilepsy]. PMID- 7375026 TI - [Changes of serum copper concentration during rheumatoid arthritis. Comparison with its behavior in gastric carcinoma]. PMID- 7375028 TI - [Clinical and electroencephalographic aspects of infantile epilepsy]. PMID- 7375029 TI - [Territorial approach to the clinical problems of epilepsy]. PMID- 7375031 TI - [Peptic ulcer. Surgical treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcer]. PMID- 7375030 TI - [Epilepsy in the adult]. PMID- 7375032 TI - [Statistical data on chronic obliterating arteriopathies of the lower extremities in the aged]. PMID- 7375033 TI - [Peripheral vascular diseases]. PMID- 7375034 TI - [Direct surgical treatment of atherosclerotic arteriopathies of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7375035 TI - [The therapeutic problem of arteriosclerotic arteriopathies of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7375036 TI - [Instrumental semeiotics of arteriosclerotic arteriopathies of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7375037 TI - [Evaluation of the indication for gangliectomy in the treatment of obliterating arteriosclerotic arteriopathies of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7375038 TI - [The problem of duodenitis. Radiological aspects]. PMID- 7375039 TI - [Practolol and myocardial contraction]. PMID- 7375040 TI - [Dressler's post-infarct syndrome appearing in 4 consanguineous subjects]. PMID- 7375042 TI - [Changes of urinary tryptamine in angina pectoris]. PMID- 7375041 TI - [Thrombolytic treatment with streptokinase in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7375043 TI - [Suspension of the circadian rhythm of catecholamine excretion during acute myocardial infarct, angina pectoris and essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7375044 TI - [Radioimmunological determination of serum folic acid in chronic alcoholics with Laennec's hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 7375045 TI - [The FISSIR Review on hypnosis and "wild" hypnotism]. PMID- 7375048 TI - [Cybernetic conceptualization of the levels of hypnosis]. AB - The synaptic function of the different associational levels of cortex and cortico subcortical depending on inputs memorised in synchronism at each level, is probably responsible, on a broad scale of values, for auto- or heteroinducible levels of hypnosis due to inputs solicited by extraneuronal values determining feed-back with inputs recorded in neuronal DNA. This hypothesis is outlined here with reference to the same Author's "Metodica psicoterapica su elementi di cultura cibernetica" (Minerva Medica, 63, 968, 1972). Sophronic levels, and levels of hypnosis and hypnotism are, in the light of elements of cybernetic culture, neurophysiologically referrable not only to qualitatively different causes, and more specifically to the final cause triggering electrobiochemical reactions. They are, in other words, referrable to the electron and its dynamics, increasingly well known today to students of cybernetics. PMID- 7375046 TI - [The therapeutic problem of current drug addiction in Italy]. AB - Psicosocial factors which are of main importance for drug-dependences, especially in young people, are examined. Then the most important elements of the therapy of drug-dependences are indicated, which first of all consists in the necessary treatment in the hospital and farmacological therapy (particularly during acute and over-dose states), and also psicotherapeutic--generally speaking--and social approaches. Among those therapeutic Communities seem to be extremely significant, whose most important patterns are described. PMID- 7375047 TI - [Sleep problems explainable by elements of cybernetic culture]. AB - A study of sleep in the light of Pavlovian conditioned reflexes is proposed. Sleep and its disturbances would appear to reflect different cell metabolic biorhythms, coinciding with intracellular states interdependent of extracellular chemical and physical values and strictly determined by reflexological factors. Reference is made to a personal paper ("Metodica psicoterapica su elementi di cultura cibernetica") for the view that the DNA memorising function, which is responsible for conditioned reflex patterns, genetic metabolism and new valid or non-valid metabolic equilibria via the synapses, could, by conditioning, lead to normal, eurhythmic sleep in terms of the subject's own pattern or that of the statistical mean of the population to which he belongs. Reharmonisation of subjectively disturbed sleep rhythms by new hetero- or autoinduced conditioning is suggested. PMID- 7375049 TI - [Combination of hypnosis and music in psychotherapy of adolescents with character disorders]. AB - Personal experience of the association of psychotherapeutic techniques in the treatment of adolescents with personality disturbances is reported, special attention being paid to the combination of hypnosis and music. The theoretical principles underlying the latter are outlined, particularly as regards identification of the ISO principle and the technique of passive listening. At the same time, various examples of musical passages specially chosen for the treatment of problem adolescents are offered. As for hypnosis, this is concentrated on modifying phantasmatic patterns by means of symbolisms drawn from Desoille's reve-eveillee technique and Assagioli's psychosynthesis, of which a short survey is given. After reviewing the concept of characteriality in psychopathology, the results of experiments are discussed. PMID- 7375050 TI - [Breaking the drinking habits of alcoholics with hypnosis. Psychological and technical dynamisms]. AB - Hypnosis therapy, with its ego support and strengthening techniques, with its cathartic or hypoanalytic method (automatic writing, drawing, hypnodrama but, above all, age regression), by means of will strengthening technique, post hypnotic comands, etc., represents an all-round system whose aims are not simply to reach a speedy analysis of the patient's inner recesses, but to decondition by negative stimuli and recondition by positive stimuli. Hypnotherapy is based essentially on the dynamism of visualisation. The role of perception as a moment of input or penetration of the pathogenic idea in different growth stages, is the same that is exploited when, in that moment of enhanced receptivity which is hypnosis, in that moment of "burning boats with respect to the subjective perception of reality", haemotigenous visualisations are inculcated which remain dynamically active and operative after long-standing distorted perceptions have been destructured. PMID- 7375051 TI - [Treatment of onychophagia]. AB - Personal experience in the hypnotic management of nailbiting is presented. Confidence in this type of treatment is rested on the results observed in a set of 32 cases, 28 of which were fully and definitively resolved. An exhaustive account is given of the subject and the method applied. Stress is laid on its technical and therapeutic advantages. PMID- 7375052 TI - [Iatrogenic risks. Medicolegal and organizational problems concerning the performance of radiographic examinations with intravenous administration of contrast media]. AB - The forensic medicine and organizational aspects of doing X-rays with i.v. contrast medium are discussed. Special attention is paid to the pathogenetic and clinicotherapeutic aspects of X-ray and contrast medium induced accidents together with the organizational problems posed by these problems in small hospitals without anaesthesia and resuscitation departments. PMID- 7375053 TI - [Retrospective analysis of the progress of the service for early diagnosis of tumors of the uterine cervix by means of the pap-test. Year 1977-1978]. AB - Screening data involving uterine neck tumours are reported from the Varese/3 Medical Consortium in the two-year period 1977-1978. Out of 3,929 smears, a neoplasia percentage of 0.23% was observed. This figure differs from that reported elsewhere and is not easy to interpret. PMID- 7375054 TI - [Special obstetrico-gynecologic hospital structure and local service units. Considerations on the availability and need for ULS 35 and 36]. AB - The underlying principles of the national health reform measures and those approved by the Piedmont Region's programmes with regard to social and health reorganisation are recalled. Reference is made to anomalies with respect to local health services No. 35 and No. 36 in the case of obstetrics and gynaecology, there being three maternity departments for 97,251 inhabitants in the area concerned. The main aspects of the division are examined. It is shown that implementation will only be possible if there is a usership capable of feeding every branch of the structure set up. It is suggested that the specialist activities of obstetrics and gynaecology be concentrated at Susa and Avigliana, though oven this division will not ensure a proper flow of users. The position could be improved by better employment of the basic structures, i.e. the consulting surgeries and SAUB out-patient departments. PMID- 7375055 TI - [Physiological bases of female sports activities]. AB - Some physiological ideas about female sporting activity, on the basis of new laws on sanitary protection of sporting activity are summarized. This paper is directed to sanitary operators who are being urged by law to judge whether an athlete can practise sport or not. The Author discusses the anato-morphologic, physical being, muscular, respiratory, cardio-circulatory, endocrine, neuro psychical and psycho-somatic aspects of female organism and possible results in sporting competitions. PMID- 7375057 TI - [The problem of the bioproteins]. PMID- 7375058 TI - [The false humanitarian war of the League against Vivisection]. PMID- 7375056 TI - [Sports activities and maternity]. AB - Woman is at last a protagonist in the world of sport. We wanted to check if this interferes, and how, in the natural function of maternity. A study carried out on 20 mother athletes, showed that sport activity does not affect neither pregnancy nor birth. PMID- 7375060 TI - [Placenta praevia accreta]. PMID- 7375059 TI - [A case of primary carcinoma of the uterine tube. Notes on gynecological symptoms]. PMID- 7375061 TI - [Idiopathic jaundice of pregnancy and intrauterine death of the fetus]. PMID- 7375062 TI - [Cancer of the stomach in pregnancy. Presentation of a clinical case]. PMID- 7375063 TI - [Critical evaluation of hysterography after cesarean section]. PMID- 7375064 TI - [Changes of respiratory function after gynecological surgery]. PMID- 7375065 TI - [Critical notes on vaginal hysterectomy]. PMID- 7375066 TI - [Further data on vaginal prolapse in young women]. PMID- 7375067 TI - [Vaginal hysterectomy after abdominal gynecologic operations]. PMID- 7375068 TI - [Relationships between mycoplasma and vaginitis. Experimental clinical study of 400 cases of vaginal diseases treated with the combination of amphotericin B and tetracycline]. PMID- 7375069 TI - Treatment of glutathione peroxidase deficiency with vitamin E. PMID- 7375070 TI - Seventh annual Marabou Symposium "Prevention of major dental disorders". PMID- 7375072 TI - Preplacement screening: revealing a true profile of musculoskeletal abilities. PMID- 7375071 TI - Health screening in industry. PMID- 7375073 TI - Smoking and the workplace: a national survey. PMID- 7375074 TI - Pre-retirement education: planning the future with a new approach. PMID- 7375075 TI - The value of executive health examinations. PMID- 7375076 TI - OSHA reform: the time has come. PMID- 7375077 TI - Cancer education: a vital link in an employee health program. PMID- 7375079 TI - Antitrust and the medical society. Interview by Dennis L. Breo. PMID- 7375078 TI - Indochinese refugees in Ohio - 1980. PMID- 7375080 TI - Medical education in Ohio. Part III Continuing medical education. PMID- 7375081 TI - A practical approach to management of chronic arterial insufficiency of lower extremities. PMID- 7375083 TI - Cataract surgery in the United States, 1968--1976. A descriptive epidemiologic study. AB - Several large United States data sources were examined to determine the trend in cataract surgery for the eight-year period 1968--1976. Age-stratified rates of intracapsular cataract extractions were calculated to control for changes in the age structure of the population. Cataract extractions increased steadily at the rate of 4.2% per year. A number of medical, social, and economic factors appear to be involved in this increase. The relative contribution of some of these factors was determined through examination of data related to hospitalizations for cataracts and the availability of ophthalmic services. Additionally, the increasing demand for better vision among the elderly was estimated by examining the increase of drivers' licenses in force for this period. PMID- 7375082 TI - Retinopathy in juvenile-onset diabetes of short duration. AB - To study objectively the epidemiology of retinopathy in juvenile-onset diabetes, we performed fundus photography and fluorescein angiography, using the Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocol, on 122 juvenile diabetics and 65 demographically similar non-diabetic subjects as the control group. Photographs and angiograms were masked as to subjects' identities and evaluated independently by five retinal subspecialists. There was no retinopathy in control subjects. In diabetics, prevalence of retinopathy increased with the duration of disease, being 0% after zero to four years, 27% for five to nine years, and 71% for more than ten years. Retinopathy also increased in prevalence with age with a sharp rise after age 15. There is indication that age and duration act independently. Details of our method for establishing the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy are presented, together with the degree of observer variability in identifying early lesions. PMID- 7375084 TI - Paralytic strabismus in children. Etiologic incidence and management of the third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsies. AB - The results of a retrospective study of the etiologic incidence of all cases of third fourth, and sixth nerve palsies in patients at Wills Eye Hospital and St Christopher's Hospital are reported. A total of 121 patients ranging in age from birth to sixteen were studied. Thirty-two cases of third nerve palsy, eighteen cases of fourth nerve palsy, and sixty-two cases of sixth nerve palsy were identified in this series. Nine additional cases illustrated combinations of multiple nerve involvement. With few exceptions, acquired third nerve palsy in children is an ominous sign whereas the congenital form is generally indicative of developmental anomaly or birth trauma. Acquired sixth nerve palsy in a child is always a matter of concern since it may represent the first sign of a brain stem glioma. Active force studies may be carried out periodically to assess the speed of recovery and indicate when it is time to initiate a more aggressive role in the surgical management. The surgical results in children with paralytic strabismus that have been carefully evaluated offer a favorable prognosis. PMID- 7375085 TI - Acquired hyperopia with choroidal folds. AB - Six healthy adults suddenly developed a unilateral or bilateral hyperopic shift in refractive error of up to 6 diopters. Fundi of affected eyes showed typical choroidal folds. Visual acuity was improved to normal or near normal by plus lenses, and refraction and fundus appearance have remained stable for up to 23 years. The benign syndrome of acquired hyperopia with choroidal folds deserves emphasis in order to spare patients from unnecessary and potentially hazardous neurosurgical or orbital investigation. PMID- 7375087 TI - White centered hemorrhages: their significance. PMID- 7375088 TI - The surgical management of macular pucker in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. AB - Fourteen patients underwent surgery for macular pucker. The maximal follow-up is 26 months, the minimum is 3 months, and the average is 10 months. The essential feature of the operation is mechanical separation of the posterior cortical vitreous from the retinal surface. A fine wrinkling retinopathy usually remains. Visual recovery, although usually incomplete, is significant and has been maintained throughout the entire period of observation. PMID- 7375086 TI - Congenital pits of the optic nerve head. II. Clinical studies in humans. AB - The clinical characteristics of 75 eyes with congenital pits of the optic nerve head were reviewed, particularly in relation to associated serous retinal detachment. Retinal detachment was found in 52% of all eyes with pits and 63% of eyes with temporally located pits. Of 20 untreated eyes with a pit and coexistent macular retinal detachment followed for more than one year, 55% (11/20) had visual acuity less than or equal to 6/30 and 75% (15/20) had subretinal fluid at the most recent visit. Visual fields and intravenous fluorescein angiographic characteristics of pits are discussed and clinical evidence is presented supporting the theory that the associated subretinal fluid is derived from liquified vitreous. PMID- 7375089 TI - 1. Juvenile macular degeneration. PMID- 7375090 TI - [Esophago-gastro-bulboscopic examination performed at the bedside in hematemesis and/or melena]. PMID- 7375091 TI - [Cytochemical study of bone marrow in non-Hodgkin lymphoma with medullary involvement]. PMID- 7375092 TI - [Experience with hemodynamic examinations in the newborn]. PMID- 7375093 TI - [Total and free thyroxin studies in adolescent goiter]. PMID- 7375094 TI - [Structural chromosome aberrations diagnosed by photometric scanning]. PMID- 7375096 TI - [Pelger-Huet anomaly]. PMID- 7375095 TI - [Microbiological effectiveness, pharmacokinetics and clinical use of tobramycin]. PMID- 7375097 TI - [Differential diagnosis of auricular flutter and auricular tachycardia]. PMID- 7375098 TI - [Differential diagnosis of auricular flutter and auricular tachycardia]. PMID- 7375099 TI - [Perinatal mortality in perinatal intensive care centers]. PMID- 7375101 TI - [Bacteriological and clinical results of amikacin]. PMID- 7375100 TI - [Significance of the alpha lipoprotein-cholesterol level in healthy subjects and patients with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7375103 TI - [Severe life threatening metabolic alkalosis]. PMID- 7375102 TI - [Coparison of hip joint mobility in infants kept in the supine and prone position]. PMID- 7375105 TI - [Gardner syndrome]. PMID- 7375104 TI - [Successful resuscitation from sudden death caused by Cavinton]. PMID- 7375106 TI - [Hereditary aspects of luxatio coxae congenita and pes varus congenitus]. PMID- 7375107 TI - [Massive meconium aspiration syndrome]. PMID- 7375108 TI - [Hepatitis virus B infection in chronic diffuse liver diseases]. PMID- 7375109 TI - [Endoscopic papillotomy and gallstone removal in acute cholangitis--emergency papillotomy]. PMID- 7375110 TI - [Intrascrotal calcification]. PMID- 7375111 TI - [Functional study of lymphocyte subpopulations in angioimmunoblstic lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 7375112 TI - [Diagnosis of psychogenic meteorism]. PMID- 7375113 TI - [Humane care of the dying patient and its socioeconomic aspects]. PMID- 7375114 TI - [System therapy: the child with psychosomatic disease and its family]. PMID- 7375115 TI - Visual perception disabilities in epileptic children at the beginning of schooling. AB - Even among normally intelligent epileptic children learning difficulties occur with relative frequency. It seemed plausible to assume that visual perception problems play an important role. We decided, therefore, to analyse the quantity and quality of such disabilities. 42 epileptic children between 5 and 8 years of age, all capable of attending school, were tested with M. Frostig's Developmental Test of Visual Perception. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. The average perceptual quotient fell below the normal range. 2. There were significant differences in perceptual ability between children with primary generalized epilepsy and those with generalized secondary or partial epilepsy, to the disadvantage of the latter group. 3. In particular the Scaled Score of Subtest II measuring figure ground perception proved to be a sensitive criterion. The Subtest is therefore recommended as a screening method to uncover visual perception deficiencies in epileptic children prior to the beginning of schooling. PMID- 7375117 TI - [Roentgenologic determination of maturity in low birthweight infants]. AB - 121 infants with low birthweight and a well known gestational age were divided into four groups: preterm infants, small for gestational age (SGA) infants, appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants and infants with Clifford syndrome. With the 100 mm spot film technique X-rays of the right knee and ancle of the infants were taken and the size of the epiphyseal centers of the distal femur, the proximal tibia, the talus and the calcaneus was measured. The mean organ dose of the leg was only 2 mrad. All epiphyseal centers examined showed an increase from the 33rd to the 42nd week of gestation, which is in good agreement to previous studies. There was no evidence of a statistical difference of epiphyseal size between the four examined groups of neonates of low birthweight. Thus, in the present material with very close mean birthweights of the four groups, we were unable to distinguish preterm born infants from SGA infants with this method alone. This result suggests, that bone age is a more resistant criteria to fetal malnutrition than mass growth. PMID- 7375116 TI - [Erythrocyte density distribution disorders in infants with respiratory regulation disorders]. AB - The frequency distribution of the density of erythrocytes was investigated in 22 babies by using the method of Danon and Marikovsky. This investigation seems to be a very suitable method for identifying minimal alterations in the oxygen transport system. In all 22 babies typical S-like density distribution curves were observed similar to those of adults. Eight of the babies with clinically demonstrable disorders in respiration control (ARS) were taken as one group. In comparison with the control group (14 babies) it could be shown that the erythrocytes of the ARS-babies had a lower density than the erythrocytes of normal babies. This difference proved to be statistically significant. No difference between control group and ARS-group could be shown with respect to the distribution of size of the erythrocytes, the mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and the mean cell volume (MCV). We assume that the deviation in density distribution of erythrocytes from normal in the ARS-group may be attributed to biochemical changes provoked by the chronical hypoxia. It can be stated that, independent of the interpretation of this phenomenon, a new additional factor could be found for the identification of risks for ARS and possibly for the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). PMID- 7375118 TI - [Glomerulonephritis following snake bite]. AB - A snake bite may quite frequently lead to haemorrhagic symptoms ranging from hypofibrinogenaemia to disseminated intravascular coagulation. In rare cases acute renal insufficiency associated with tubular necrosis may occur due to a direct toxic lesion, shock symptoms or DIC. However, it is extremely rare that glomerulonephritis results from a snake bite. A thirteen-year-old girl develops gross haematuria, albuminuria and cylindruria without any shock symptoms two days after having been bitten by a European viper. Coagulation state and complement show slight changes, and the histological examination reveals proliferative nephritis with deposition of immune complexes. The clinical picture corresponds to recurrent haematuria; renal function is normal after follow-ups over a one year-period. PMID- 7375119 TI - [Romano Ward syndrome]. AB - About syncopal attacks caused by cardial arrhythmias had been frequently reported. In one family we found female members of three generations affected by characteristical prolongation and alteration of the QT-interval in ECG. All patients suffered from attacks with loss of consciousness which could not be defined as epileptic fits. Ventricular arrhythmias have to be considered as reason for the attacks. This combination of symptoms without additional malformations (i.e. congenital deafness) is well known in literature as Romano Ward Syndrome. Mode of inheritance, pathogenetic mechanisms and possibilities of therapy are discussed. Therapy witha beta blocking medication (propranolol) made our younger patient free of attacks, the other two patients have no complaints since two years without any therapy. PMID- 7375120 TI - [Make a diagnosis (oculoglandular syndrome of Perinaud in catscratch disease)]. PMID- 7375121 TI - [Amitriptyline and imipramine poisoning]. AB - Two cases of severe poisoning by tricyclic antidepressants (Amitriptylin, Imipramin) are reported. Both patients 3 and 11 years old children, developed a typical clinical picture with cardiovascular, neurological and atropine features. Beside a general supportive management, in one case physostigmin was used as antidote. Alternative treatments of enuresis in childhood are recommended. PMID- 7375122 TI - Misdiagnosis of spinal cord injuries--the physiatrist's point of view. AB - Thirteen different patients involving spinal cord pathology with delayed or false diagnosis are presented and these diagnostic pitfalls are discussed. Many seemingly simple explanations for para or quadriplegia are suddenly quite complex upon scrutiny. The problem of proper diagnosis is capital in instituting proper therapy, advising the patient and his family, and unfortunately in today's medical climate, for medical legal reasons. PMID- 7375123 TI - Reduced motor conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve in spinal cord injured patients. AB - Twelve male patients with spinal cord injury were studied. The purpose of this study was to determine if ulnar nerve damage occurs in patients with spinal cord injury who are wheelchair bound and if so at which segment of the ulnar nerve. The results showed significant drop in ulnar nerve conduction velocity in both segments, mid-arm to below elbow and below to the wrist. There was no significant difference between quadriplegic and paraplegic. No significant correlation was found between ulnar nerve impairment and the duration of spinal cord injury. PMID- 7375124 TI - Lower extremity bracing in paraplegia--a follow-up study. AB - This retrospective study of 98 paraplegics was carried out to determine the utilisation of long leg braces prescribed during their rehabilitation training. An analysis of their age, duration of disability and physical status was done. Other factors such as work status, decubiti, bowel and bladder functions were also considered. PMID- 7375125 TI - Paraplegia following surgery in Foix and Alajouanine syndrome. (Arteriovenous malformation of the spinal cord). AB - Two patients with spinal cord arteriovenous malformation became paraplegic after removal of the abnormal vessels from the dorsal surface of the thoracolumbar spinal cord. Surgical exposure of a spinal cord arteriovenous malformation without an attempt at removal accelerated the pace of progressive paraparesis in two other patients. The poor outcome of our cases is, however, not representative of modern surgical techniques, since selective spinal angiography and the operating microscope were not used. We propose that the intramedullary vascular changes in this condition are an integral component of the arteriovenous malformation. Additionally, the phenomenon of nocturnal seminal ejaculation in spite of progressing impotence may be a clinical feature unique to spinal cord arteriovenous malformations. PMID- 7375126 TI - Pressure sore prevention for the wheelchair-bound spinal injury patient. AB - The concept of a wheelchair cushion fitting clinic for the prevention of pressure sores is reviewed in the light of recent estimates of the cost of pressure sores in the U.K. A method for measuring the pressure beneath the ischial tuberosities is discussed and techniques for measuring a patient's habitual exercise frequency and seated posture are described. Results from the records of 600 spinal injury patients including Rancho Los Amigos Hospital are reported and used to demonstrate the importance of low pressure beneath the ischial tuberosities as an indicator of wheelchair cushion suitability. PMID- 7375127 TI - Pre-ischiatic silicone implants. AB - A silicone prosthesis for pre-ischiatic implantation is presented and described; it is used in operations of pressure sores in this area. It has been placed in nine cases, with satisfactory results. The use of this prosthesis is recommended when the patient's psychic, social and economic conditions are precarious and when the fibrosis close to ulceration may be eliminated in the operation, but the transfer on the ischium of the adjacent musculature is problematic. The author suggests to increase the use of this prosthesis prescription, implanting it as a usual restoration procedure and as a prophylactic method in special cases. PMID- 7375128 TI - Thyroid hypofunction in spinal cord injury patients. AB - Our experience in the screening and detection of hypothyroidism in 225 spinal injury patients is described. Clinical features compatible with hypothyroidism are frequently encountered in these patients and require thyroid function testing to exclude or confirm thyroid hypofunction. Two cases of hypothyroidism, equivocal on clinical grounds alone, were first detected by a low value in screening tests for serum thyroxine levels and subsequently confirmed by a high serum TSH level. Low serum triiodiothyronine level is frequently found in apparently euthyroid patients with tetraplegia and is necessarily not an indicator of clinical hypothyroidism in these patients. PMID- 7375129 TI - Oxybutynin Chloride (Ditrophan)--clinical uses and limitations. AB - Eighteen patients treated with oxybutynin chloride are presented. The effect of the drug on the hyperactive detrusor is shown and discussed. Side effects and limitations are described and related to treatment. PMID- 7375131 TI - Spinal cord lesions due to water sports and occupations: our experience in 20 years. AB - The authors reviewed 162 clinical cases selected from several cases and referring to paraplegic patients, who have been treated in a polyvalent rehabilitation centre during approximately 20 years. The cases studied focused on those of vertebromedullar traumatisms due to water sports, work and road accidents, since in the authors' opinion the inclusion of the latter is of particular interest to the global comparative analysis. PMID- 7375132 TI - Analysis of swimming pool accidents resulting in spinal cord injury. AB - This paper is a summary of a study of 72 cases of swimming-pool accidents resulting in serious injuries with the potential of permanent disability. Sixty four of the 72 cases resulted in spinal cord injuries, 57 of which involved quadriplegic lesions. The authors observed that the majority of these injuries resulted from a lack of good judgement and common sense rather than from intoxication or pool structural deficiencies. Also of note was the lack of appropriate first-aid and extrication rendered, as well as the absence of uniform treatment and care received by the majority of the patients. PMID- 7375130 TI - Dissolution of vesical calculi with Renacidin in a paraplegic man. AB - Vesical calculi are common in spinal cord injury patients. The majority are composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate, a compound readily soluble in the solvent Renacidin. We describe a paraplegic man with recurrent bladder stones in whom cystolitholopaxy was unsuccessful. His calculi were completely dissolved by continuous Renacidin bladder irrigation. We recommend Renacidin for the initial treatment of vesical calculi in selected spinal cord injury patients. Many such stones will completely dissolve and others may be made softer or smaller, facilitating cystolitholopaxy. A significant number of patients will be spared the inconvenience, cost and morbidity of hospitalisation for a surgical procedure. PMID- 7375134 TI - [Distribution of Azygia mirabilis (Trematoda, Azygiidae)]. AB - The occurrence of the species has been analysed on the basis of the authors' own data, collection material of some parasitological laboratories and literary sources. It has been established that Azygia mirabilis is a rare species with a low number of populations. Only in Lakes Kujto (northern Karelia) and Pechozero (the Kola peninsular) the species is abundant. PMID- 7375135 TI - [Attempt to establish the population and ecological characteristics of Ixodes persulcatus (Ixodidae) by the change in the physiological age of the ticks in the course of a season of activity]. AB - Certain peculiarities of the senescence of Ixodes persulcatus population were established according to the changes in the age composition of hungry adult ticks belonging to different groups. It was found that the expenditure of reserve nutrients is irregular, this irregularity being greater in males than in females. Early in season younger ticks become active while in the second half of the season--older ones. Maximum life span of females in fir forests of western Sajans is 70 to 80 days, that of males--65 to 70 days. The average life span of females is greater than that of males. The conclusions are not precise enough that is mainly due to irregular character of senescence of ticks, to errors in representativeness, and subjectivism of the age evaluation in using qualitative criteria. PMID- 7375136 TI - [Preimaginal development of the flea, Ctenophthalmus golovi (Aphaniptera)]. AB - Under experimental conditions individuals of C. (Medioctenophthalmus) golovi golovi Ioff et Tiflov, 1930 complete their metamorphosis within a wide range of temperatures (from 28-30 degrees to 2-6 degrees) and at high humidity of 90 to 100%. The highest survival of larvae and cocoon stages was observed at 23-25 degrees to 9-11 degrees. The development from egg to imago lasts 28 to 557 days depending on the temperature and great extent of hatching under all conditions. Embryogenesis carries out 4-97 days. The ability of C. golovi to complete metamorphosis at 2-6 degrees and to exist for a long time at the larval stage (up to 516 days) differs it from other souslik fleas and other species of Ctenophthalmus studied at the preimaginal stages. PMID- 7375133 TI - [Migratory capabilities of Bithynia inflata molluscs in a western Siberian opisthorchiasis focus (studied by the use of radioactive marking)]. AB - Migratory abilities of Bithynia inflata have been studied. The investigations have been carried out in the West-Siberian nidus of opisthorchiasis during four summer seasons since 1975. Mollusks were marked with isotopes 60Co and 110m Ag. It has been established that the mollusks do not migrate for long distances, prefer to lead a settled life and do not leave their constant biotopes even during spring floods. Migrations of mollusks within their biotopes take place, in general, along the shore line. After drying of water mollusks spend this unfavourable period in surface layers of the bottom mud or under the layer of vegetation litter-fall. PMID- 7375138 TI - [New marine parasitic nematode, Abos bathycola, from priapulids and the position of the fam. Marimermithidae in the class Nematoda]. AB - A new genus and species of the marine parasitic nematode Abos bathycola gen. et sp. n. are described. The diagnosis of the new order Marimermithida with one family Marimermithidae Rubtzov et Platonova including 6 genera of marine parasitic nematodes is given. The new order resembles the order Mermithida in its extraintestinal feeding but differs from it in the following characters. The mouth, oesophagus, rectum and anus are reduced or absent. The mid-gut is transformed into trophosome, without lumen as a rule. If the lumen is present, no food is traced in the trophosome. The location of rudiments of oesophagus, chords, undeveloped trophosome, rudiments of rectum, if present, is consecutive. Stichosome is absent in contrast to the order Mermithida, in which it is well developed and is located in parallel with trophosome. Nematodes of the new genus are parasites of marine invertebrates unlike mermithids which are parasitic in land and freshwater arthrpods and sometimes in mollusks. PMID- 7375137 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the changes in the protein makeup and immunobiological properties of the cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum in experimental trypanosomiasis in rabbits]. AB - Changes in proteins and immunobiological properties of cerebrospinal fluid and serum of blood during trypanosomosis of rabbits infected with T. ninaekohljakimovae are described. Changes of the protein composition and immunobiological properties in cerebrospinal fluid and serum have been shown to differ in the degree, character and time of their display. The dependence of changes in the concentration of immunoglobulins IgM, IgG, IgA (according to the data of immunoelectrophoresis) of blood serum on its protective properties was investigated. The role of cerebral barrier mechanisms in the formation of immunity in the central nervous system is shown. PMID- 7375139 TI - [Effect of hydraulic structures and water storage basins on the parasitic fauna of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)]. AB - 157 specimens of Salmo salar L. belonging to different age groups were examined in the region of the Lower-Tuloma hydropower-station. 13 species of parasites (of them 5 are freshwater) were found in anadromous migrants. The character of the parasite fauna and the structure of fishes' scale have shown that some salmons cannot get the fishrunning over and stay in summer months under the damb where become infected with freshwater parasites. 19 species of parasites (of them 14 are freshwater) were found in catadromous migrants. These fishes cannot penetrate through the damb of hydroconstruction beyond the limits of the reservoir and pass here to an active feeding that is indicated by a rich composition of freshwater parasite fauna. The infection of adult salmons with plerocercoids of Triaenophorus crassus during the spawning migration points to the presence of trienophorosis nidus in this water reservoir. Parasite fauna of salmon smolt, represented by 7 species, is not affected by the water reservoir and hydroconstruction. The smolt does not stay too long in the reservoir and early stages of its seaward migration do not coincide with the termination of the development of the invasional stages of procercoids of Pseudophylidae. PMID- 7375140 TI - Automated differential leucocyte counters: an evaluation of the Hemalog D and A comparison with the Hematrak. II. Evaluation of performance on routine blood samples from hospital patients. AB - The performance of the Hemalog D on routine blood samples from patients was assessed over a 6 wk period, 500 samples being studied in detail. The performance of the Hematrak was assessed on 85 routine blood samples. It was found that in our hospital population at least 58% of blood samples counted by the Hemalog D would require a blood film to be examined. Occasional patients with haematological diseases had abnormalities on the blood film but had normal Hemalog 8 and Hemalog D printouts. The Hemalog D was unable to perform an accurate differential count on the blood from a large proportion of patients with uraemia, including dialysis patients. The Hematrak was imprecise because of the small number of cells counted; it was also found to be inaccurate if blood films were not made rapidly after the blood was taken. PMID- 7375141 TI - Signet ring cell lymphoma: a case report. AB - A case of signet ring cell lymphoma is presented. This is a rare variant of follicular lymphoma, in which cytoplasmic inclusions of immunoglobulin create the light microscopic appearance of signet ring cells. Although few cases have been reported, the clinical features appear to be identical to those of follicular lymphomas without immunoglobulin inclusions. PMID- 7375142 TI - Regional lymph node and stromal immunomorphology in colorectal carcinoma and relation to tumour spread. AB - A quantitative morphometric study of lymphocyte patterns in the stroma and regional lymph nodes was made in 509 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma and 17 non-invasive adenomas. An increase in the perivascular lymphocytes, and in the size of lymph nodes, germinal centres and paracortical areas was most obvious in 'localized' invasive tumours and significantly more in Dukes' stage B than in stage C. Stage C1, defined as cases where the primary tumours were confined to the wall but with lymph node spread, showed hardly any perivascular lymphocyte aggregates, although in the regional lymph nodes there was relative paracortical, i.e. T-lymphocyte, hyperplasia. It is concluded that the presence of cuffs of perivascular lymphocytes at the tumour edge, and the increased size of tumour free regional lymph nodes together with the relative and absolute abundance of germinal centres (B-lymphocyte) and paracortical areas (T-lymphocyte), are stage dependent. This is most obvious in stage B. These morphological expressions of host immunoreactivity may well reflect favourable anti-tumour mechanisms. PMID- 7375143 TI - Diagnosis of cervical epithelial abnormalities from 'routine' uterine curettings. AB - Fragments of cervical tissue are frequently found in uterine curettings. These may consist of endocervical mucosa, squamous epithelium, or both. To determine the frequency of abnormalities in this epithelium, 4000 consecutive endometrial curettings were examined during the year ending December 1977. Abnormal squamous epithelium was found in 20 cases (0.5%). The abnormalities were defined for the purpose of the study to include dysplasia/carcinoma in situ and warty atypia. Cases in which endometrial curettage was performed during the work-up for known dysplasia or carcinoma in situ were excluded. Subsequent follow-up included cytology, colposcopy, and colposcopically-directed target biopsies; occasionally conization and hysterectomy were performed. The most significant abnormality detected in this way was carcinoma in situ with early stromal invasion. The definitive treatment in most cases was cervical diathermy. As the abnormalities in the initial scrapings were previously unsuspected, it is imperative for the anatomic pathologist to look for and carefully evaluate cervical fragments in all endometrial curettings. PMID- 7375144 TI - Test and teach. Number twenty. Diagnosis: benign "Mullerian" rests in pelvic lymph nodes. PMID- 7375145 TI - Test and teach. Number twenty-one. Diagnosis: practolol induced sclerosing peritonitis. AB - A relatively uncommon but unique and life threatening iatrogenic condition is described. There are few aids to diagnosis but once it is known that the patient has been on practolol the surgical and pathological findings are pathognomonic. Other practolol related side effects are usually present in the patient. The conditions may develop months or possibly years after cessation of intake of the drug and further cases may occur, although practolol has been withdrawn from use. Awareness of the condition is therefore of continuing importance. PMID- 7375147 TI - Immunohistological patterns of carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal carcinoma. Correlation with staging and blood levels. AB - Forty-four primary adenocarcinomas of the large bowel and 2 liver metastases were stained for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in tissue sections by indirect immunofluorescence. All tumours were positive and showed either one or more of 3 different patterns--luminal; linear at surface of the tumour cells; cytoplasmic. In most cases (83%), two or all 3 patterns were seen in the same or in different parts of a tumour. The immunohistological staining was concordant with preoperative blood levels of CEA in 31 cases (67%) in that 26 tumours showed strong immunofluorescence associated with blood CEA above 2.5 micrograms/l, and 5 showed weak staining and blood CEA values less than 2.5 micrograms/l. However, in 7 strong staining was associated with low blood CEA, and in 8 weak staining was associated with high blood levels. The dissociation between histological and blood CEA findings in 1/3 of the cases, together with the marked variation within the same tumour and differences between one of the primaries and its liver recurrence, suggest that CEA immunohistology is of no better prognostic value than blood CEA levels. There was no association between CEA immunohistology and tumour staging or differentiation. However, blood CEA levels were significantly higher in tumours with extensive local or distant spread (stage D) and in poorly differentiated tumours. PMID- 7375146 TI - Hypovolaemic shock with particular reference to the myocardial and pulmonary lesions. AB - Amongst 207 post mortem examinations of patiens dying as a result of haemorrhage, there were 102 with histological manifestations of the shock syndrome. Shock lesions in the lung were found in 50% of cases, and in the heart shock lesions were found in 39.2%. Shock lesions in the heart were the commonest cause of shock that proved refractory to restoration of the blood volume. The pulmonary lesions of shock developed later than the cardiac lesions and in this series were the commonest cause of death. PMID- 7375149 TI - Automated differential leucocyte counters: an evaluation of the Hemalog D and A comparison with the Hematrak. I. Principles of operation; reproducibility and accuracy on normal blood samples. AB - The precision and accuracy of the Hemalog D, which uses cytochemical identification of cells in suspension, and of the Hematrak, which uses image recognition of cells on a stained blood film, have been compared counting normal blood samples. The Hemalog D showed superior precision for all cell types, as would be expected since 10,000 cells are counted per sample; however, the precision for monocytes was worse than expected for the number of cells counted. The precision of the Hematrak was equivalent or superior to that of a manual count of the same number of cells but showed the poor precision inevitable when only 100 cells are counted. With respect to accuracy, both automated counters showed statistically significant differences from manual counts and from each other in counting neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils, bu the differences were not sufficiently great to be of practical importance. The Hematrak counted monocytes accurately (though imprecisely) whereas the Hemalog D overestimated monocytes on average by 2.3%, or 40% of the mean monocyte percentage. This was consequent on the counting of esterase positive neutrophils as monocytes, and the difference from the manual count was sufficient to be of some practical importance. The Hemalog D counted basophils both accurately and precisely. The precision of manual and Hematrak basophil counts was poor; the accuracy of the Hematrak basophil count was dependent on the quality of the stain and that of the manual basophil count was dependent on the quality of the stain and the attentiveness of the technologist. For other cell types in blood samples from normal volunteers, the Hematrak was versatile and accuracy was not greatly affected by the use of May-Grunwald-Giemsa rather than Wright's stain, nor by the use of hand spread rather than machine spread films. PMID- 7375151 TI - [Regional redistribution of blood during the compression period of the crush syndrome]. PMID- 7375148 TI - Tracheobronchitis and sudden infant death syndrome. AB - In many infants who have died suddenly and unexpectedly post mortem examination reveals the presence of a non-suppurative tracheobronchitis. The role of the tracheobronchitis in the sudden death of the infant is not known. Analysis of a series of sudden infant deaths indicates that these infants die at an older age, i.e. over three months, and most frequently in colder months of the year. If, as suggested, these deaths constitute a distinct group, investigations regarding the mode of death should be undertaken separately from that in younger infants in whom no such lesions are found. PMID- 7375150 TI - [State of regulatory mechanisms of water metabolism in hypokinesis]. PMID- 7375152 TI - [Functional and morphologic changes in the myocardium during deep body immersion hypothermia]. PMID- 7375153 TI - [Correlation between pH and ATP concentration in the myocardium in ischemia]. PMID- 7375154 TI - [Hemodynamics and lysosomal hydrolases in burn shock]. PMID- 7375156 TI - [Effect of intermittent high intensity noise on blood lipids and development of neurogenic atherosclerosis in rabbits]. PMID- 7375155 TI - [Effect of experimental acoustic stimulation on permeability of the aortic wall and development of the atherosclerotic process]. PMID- 7375157 TI - [Comparative study of the state of the blood clotting system and fibrinolysis in experimental nephritis and acute glomerulonephritis in humans]. PMID- 7375158 TI - [Oxygen tension in skeletal muscle of homeotherms following denervation]. PMID- 7375161 TI - [Changes in the secretory function of the liver during development of experimental extrahepatic cholestasis in rats]. PMID- 7375159 TI - [Intensity of tissue respiration in arteries and veins following their denervation]. PMID- 7375160 TI - [Interrelationship between biogenic amine concentration in the medulla oblongata and the response of respiratory center neurons to changes in the composition of inspired air and vagotomy]. PMID- 7375162 TI - [Mechanisms of the body's adaptation to measured hypoxic hypoxia]. PMID- 7375163 TI - [Effect of BCG-sensitization and resolving tuberculin injections on the activity of macrophages, lymphcoytes, and the reparative-resorptive processes of bone tissue at fracture sites]. PMID- 7375164 TI - [Modeling nonspecific inflammatory processes of the lungs]. PMID- 7375167 TI - ["Latent acidosis" as a manifestation of disrupted microcirculatory drainage in severe burn shock]. PMID- 7375165 TI - [Mechanisms of development of the renal aciduria reaction in metabolic acidosis]. PMID- 7375166 TI - [Acid phosphatase activity of dog lymph and blood in acute inflammation of the peritoneum]. PMID- 7375168 TI - [Systemic hemodynamics and oxygen supply to the body in moderate and severe hemodilution induced by gelatinol]. PMID- 7375170 TI - [Some remarks with respect to pages of textbooks of pathological physiology]. PMID- 7375171 TI - [Quoting the classics of Marxism-Leninism]. PMID- 7375169 TI - [Lecture programmed control and its effectiveness]. PMID- 7375172 TI - Short stature: evaluation and treatment. PMID- 7375173 TI - A pediatrician's view. PMID- 7375174 TI - Sonography of the female child's reproductive system. PMID- 7375176 TI - Computed tomography for chest examinations in children. PMID- 7375175 TI - Diagnostic ultrasound for chest diseases in children. PMID- 7375177 TI - The institutionalized adolescent: the pediatrician's role as youth advocate. AB - In addition to dealing with health problems that an adolescent may contract before institutionalization, the pediatrician should be concerned with conditions arising from the institutional setting itself that can affect the adolescent's health or impede the development of adolescent "tasks." PMID- 7375179 TI - Adolescent medicine in rural America. PMID- 7375178 TI - Health needs of adolescents in the military services. AB - The decade of the 1970's has seen the integration of educational concepts concerning adolescent medicine into pediatric residency training programs within the military medical centers. A nucleus of professionals with this specialized training has been developed, and is currently providing health care to eligible adolescents residing in close proximity to these medical centers. The goal of the next decade is to expand these services and make them available to all dependents of active duty and retired military personnel around the world. Perhaps then, with continued growth and development, attention could be directed toward further expansion of these services to include the young active duty military personnel. PMID- 7375180 TI - Reference materials for the practice of adolescent medicine. PMID- 7375181 TI - Clinical pharmacology and adolescence. AB - When determining the type and timing of drug therapy for adolescents, certain biological and psychosocial factors unique to this age group must be considered. Modern drug monitoring techniques allow the physician to more successfully treat the adolescent patient. PMID- 7375183 TI - Carnosinase deficiency: a new variant with high residual activity. AB - Plasma carnosinase deficiency was discovered in a 12-yr-old male with profound mental retardation, severe athetoid spastic quadriparesis, optic atrophy, sensory peripheral neuropathy, and suprabulbar signs. Amino acid analysis revealed persistent carnosinuria but no detectable carnosinemia. After ingestion of L carnosine (100 mg/kg), the patient had carnosine in his plasma and excreted 28% of the administered load as carnosine (an agematched control excreted 1.3% as carnosine). Urinary 1-methylhistidine was measurable in the patient and increased greatly during a high anserine diet. Plasma carnosinase activity in the patient was 0.28 mumoles per ml plasma per hr (control mean, 2.00; range, 1.10--2.85), his parents had activity of 1.36 and 1.30, and 2 sibs had activities of 1.10 and 1.86. Carnosinase activity in liver from the patient was 43% of control liver. We have demonstrated that carnosinase activity is present in human nerve and that sural nerve from the patient had activity that was 46% of control nerve. Histopathologic examination of the patient's nerve showed axonal degeneration. Histidine levels in the patient's liver and nerve were normal, and neither beta alanine nor carnosine was detectable. The unusually high residual carnosinase activity in plasma and tissues from this patient may explain his apparent ability to metabolize anserine and would suggest that this represents a new variant form of carnosinase deficiency. Speculation. Carnosinuria due to plasma carnosinase deficiency may be merely associated with the strinking neurologic findings that have been reported rather than causally related. PMID- 7375182 TI - "Out of control" behavior in adolescents. AB - The physician should approach a problem of "out of control" behavior in an adolescent as a family issue rather than an individual issue, for not only the behavior itself bu the parental response to the behavior are key factors in understanding and coping with it. Areas of commonly encountered misbehavior are explored. PMID- 7375186 TI - The effects of acute total asphyxia and metabolic acidosis on cerebrospinal fluid bicarbonate regulation in newborn puppies. AB - We evaluated CSF [HCO3-] regulation in lightly anesthetized newborn puppies following: (1) acute total asphyxia; (2) metabolic acidosis; and (3) metabolic acidosis induced after acute asphyxia. Five and one-half min of total asphyxia resulted in a 4.4 mM/liter decrease in mean CSF [HCO3-]. During 65 min of recovery with mechanical ventilation mean CSF [HCO3-] increased 1.7 mM/liter. Mean plasma [HCO3-] decreased 7 mM/liter and recovered 4.5 mM/liter in the same period. We produced a stable metabolic acidosic for 4 hr using a peritoneal dialysis technique with PaCO2 maintained at the normal value. With acidosis in nonasphyxiated control puppies, CSF [HCO3-] decreased steadily. At 4 hr, the ratio, delta CSF [HCO3-]/delta plasma [HCO3-], was 0.43, a value close to that observed in adults of many species with metabolic acid-base disturbances, 0.41. With acidosis in asphyxiated puppies allowed 1 hr of recovery, the time course and mean values of plasma and CSF [HCO3-] were indistinguishable from those of the nonasphyxiated acidotic controls. Newborn puppies appear to regulate CSF [HCO3-] in response to acute asphyxia or metabolic acidosis, and acute asphyxia does not impair the puppy's ability to regulate CSF [HCO3-] in metabolic acidosis. PMID- 7375187 TI - Adenylyl cyclase responsiveness to guanyl nucleotides in the developing rat heart. AB - Guanyl nucleotides are effective activators of rat heart adenylyl cyclase activity from the earliest age studied, 16 fetal days, through adulthood. Both guanosine triphosphate and guanylyl-imidodiphosphate (GMP-PNP) significantly enhance epinephrine-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity at all fetal and postnatal ages. The dose-response curves for epinephrine alone, GMP-PNP alone, or for the combination of epinephrine and GMP-PNP are similar for the newborn and adult heart preparations. Our results indicate that the epinephrine-guanyl nucleotide-adenylyl cyclase system is "mature" as a functional unit in the rat heart even prior to birth. The rat heart adenylyl cyclase system shows a dramatic increase in responsiveness to epinephrine and to guanyl nucleotides just before birth, a responsiveness which rapidly falls by 3 days of neonatal life. With increasing age, the absolute guanosine triphosphate or GMP-PNP activated rate rises in parallel with the basal rate of adenylyl cyclase activity in the rat heart. Speculation. The activation of adenylyl cyclalse systems by guanyl nucleotides may be a general feature of fetal as well as of adult tissues. This activation by guanyl nucleotides may magnify tissue hormonal responses at some stages of development. PMID- 7375185 TI - Aldrin epoxidase activity in developing rabbit lung. AB - Pulmonary aldrin epoxidase activity was determined in 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 12-, and 16 week-old male rabbits using isolated perfused lung preparations and in vitro incubation techniques. In the perfusion experiments, it was determined that aldrin epoxidase activity increased with age up to 12 weeks of age. Although there was an increase in the weight of lungs with age, this did not appear to be related to the increase in aldrin epoxidation. In vitro experiments carried out using the same substrate to tissue ratio failed to exhibit an age-related increase in the aldrin epoxidase activity. Extrapolated values for aldrin epoxidation from in vitro experiments yielded much higher values than realized from perfusion experiments. Accessibility of the substrate to the enzymatic sites, saturation of the accessible enzyme system, and limiting availability of the cofactor necessary for the oxidative reaction remain as the possible mechanisms for the discrepancy between perfusion and in vitro incubation studies. PMID- 7375184 TI - Lipids and lipoproteins in Venezuelan and American schoolchildren: within and cross-cultural comparisons. AB - This study was designed to focus upon within-culture differences in plasma lipids and lipoproteins in Venezuelan schoolchildren having different socioeconomic and nutritional backgrounds and also to provide cross-cultural comparisons of lipids, lipoproteins, and anthropometric measurements between Venezuelan and American schoolchildren. The study was carried out in 1298 schoolchildren, ages 7 to 12 years, 428 in private and 870 in public schools in Merida, Venezuela, with comparison to 472 public schoolchildren in the (Cincinnati, OH) Princeton School District. Within Venezuelan schools, private shcoolchildren were heavier, taller, had marginally higher Quetelet indices, and had considerably higher fasting plasma cholesterol, plasma high-density lipoprotein (C-HDL), and plasma low density lipoprotein (C-LDL) levels. These lipid-lipoprotein differences were highly significant after adjusting (by covariance analysis) for Quetelet index, sex, and age. Children from private Venezuelan schools ingested more total calories, more protein, more fat, and more carbohydrate. When the diet compositions were calculated as percentage of total calories, the private schoolchildren ingested nearly twice as many calories as fat and a somewhat lower proportion of calories as carbohydrate, with a comparable proportion as protein, when compared to the public Venezuelan schoolchildren. Male-female comparisons within Venezuelan schools revealed patterns of sex-related lipoprotein differences which were qualitatively similar to those in Princeton schoolchildren. Thus, 7- to 12-year-old females had higher total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride, lower C-HDL, and higher C-LDL. Within sex, cross cultural comparisons of lipids, lipoproteins, and Quetelet indices revealed two major differences. Venezuelan children had significantly higher fasting plasma triglyceride and lower C-HDL levels, differences not attributable to systematic differences in measures of ponderosity, because Quetelet indices in Venezuelan and Cincinnati schoolchildren did not differ appreciably. In regard to total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Venezuelan and Princeton public schoolchildren were remarkably comparable, although Venezuelan private schoolchildren had somewhat higher plasma cholesterol and C-LDL levels than did Princeton public schoolchildren. We speculate that increasing "westernization" and "urbanization" of Venezuelan society is associated with convergence of Venezuelan and American pediatric plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels. Maintenance of comparable total plasma cholesterol and C-LDL levels with lower C HDL into adulthood in Venezuela would, in fact, suggest augmented risks for coronary heart disease for Venezuela within this lipid-lipoprotein frame of reference. PMID- 7375188 TI - Maternal glucocorticoid in unplanned premature labor. Controlled study on the effects of betamethasone phosphate on the phospholipids of the gastric aspirate and on the adrenal cortical function of the newborn infant. AB - The effects of betamethasone on surfactant composition and neonatal adrenal function were compared with placebo in a double-blind study, which included 74 patients at risk for premature delivery. The overall incidence of respiratory distress syndrome was low, and no differnce was observed between the betamethasone and placebo groups. The phospholipid pattern (lecithin/sphingomyellin ratio, acetone precipitated lecithin, phosphatidylinositol/sphingomyelin ratio, and phosphatidylglycerol/sphingomyelin ratio) from gastric aspirates of newborn infants was similar in the betamethasone and placebo groups, suggesting a similarity in lung surfactant. The responsiveness of the adrenal cortex of the newborn infants, evaluated by a 2-hr adrenocorticotropic hormone test at the age of 24 hr, did not differ between infants whose mothers had received either betamethasone or placebo. The low incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in the betamethasone and placebo groups was ascribed in part to a high incidence of prolonged rupture of fetal membranes. Our results do not exclude the possibility that antenatal maternal administration of betamethasone could prevent respiratory distress syndrome in other defined high-risk infants. PMID- 7375190 TI - The emergence of a circadian pattern in respiratory rates: comparison between control infants and subsequent siblings of SIDS. AB - The objective of the present study is to compare the emergence of a circadian respiratory pattern in subsequent siblings of SIDS and controls infants to see whether the unique time and age of SIDS is correlated with altered circadian manifestations. During the first three months of life, a pattern in respiratory rates emerged which appeared to be the nightly portion of a circadian rhythm. Subsequent siblings of SIDS exhibited transient accelerated maturation of this circadian pattern. During the first month of life, minima in respiratory rates in quiet sleep occurred during the second and third intervals of the night in subsequent siblings, a pattern not seen until three months of age in control infants. PMID- 7375189 TI - Blood cell polyamines in children with short stature in reference to growth hormone activity. AB - The molar ratio or two blood polyamines (spermidine to spermine) was investigated in 54 children with shortness of stature. The long-term reproducibility of this ratio was 9.0%. In children with no endocrine disturbances, the mean ratio was 0.97. In children with isolated growth hormone deficiency, it was 0.61, and in those with growth hormone and ACTH deficiency, it was 0.67, both significantly low values. The ratio showed a significant positive correlation with growth hormone response to insulin hypoglycemia (r = 0.58; P less than 0.001) and with the nitrogen retention response to short-term growth hormone therapy (r = 0.45; P less than 0.001). In contrast, no such correlation was present with cortisol response to hypoglycemia. PMID- 7375191 TI - Masked variability in regression analysis. PMID- 7375194 TI - [Radiological evaluation of plain chest radiograms of infants in the 1st month of life]. PMID- 7375192 TI - 25-hydroxyvitamin D metabolism in the sheep fetus and lamb. AB - The metabolism of [3H]-25-hydroxyvitamin D3(3H-25-OH-D3) to [3H]-1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (3H-1,25-(OH)2D)3 and [3H]24, 325 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (3H 24,25-(OH)2D3) was studied in sheep fetuses and lambs. In vivo metabolism was observed by chromatography of extracts of plasma obtained 24 hr after direct iv injection of 3H-25-OH-D3 to the fetus and lamb. The renal enzymes 25 hydroxyvitamin D-1-hydroxylase and -24-hydroxylase were determined in vitro by quantitative assay. In fetal lambs, 3H-24,25-(OH)2D3 was consistently the only detectable dihydroxyvitamin D3 metabolite; this was confirmed by the in vitro studies in which 24-hydroxylase was the only detectable enzyme. Parathyroid hormone infusion to the fetus did not stimulate 3H-1,25-(OH)2D3 production. In normal lambs fed sheep's milk or cow's milk 3H-24,25-(OH)2D3 was the only metabolite of 3H-25-OH-D3 in vivo and only 24-hydroxylase activity was detected in vitro. In lambs fed a low-calcium, vitamin D-free formula, 24-hydroxylase activity remained measurable for at least 11 days of feeding, and by that time 1 OHase activity became evident in vitro. Appreciable 3H-1,25-(OH)2D3 was not observed in plasma until 16 days of feeding with the formula. After 18 days on low-calcium, vitamin D-free formula, 1-OHase was the only detectable 25-OH-D3 metabolizing enzyme. We also studied the rates at which 3H-25-OH-D3, 3H-24,25 (OH)2D3 and 3H-1,25-(OH)2D3 disappeared from the lamb plasma compartment. Within 1 hr, 3H-1,25-(OH)2D3 fell to 50% of its initial concentration, and after 72 hr only 2% was left. In the case of 3H-25-OH-D and 3H-24,25-(OH)2D3, 50% of each metabolite was left after 7 to 10 hr and about 20% after 72 hr. The rapid disappearance of 3H-1,25-(OH)2D3 may explain the low levels or absence of this metabolite observed in the plasma of some animals shown to have renal 1 hydroxylase activity. PMID- 7375193 TI - [Rheography in the evaluation of the respiratory system of children with pulmonary fibrosis]. PMID- 7375195 TI - [Correlation of the results of bacteriological and bronchological examination of bronchial secretion in children]. PMID- 7375197 TI - [Constitutional parameters affecting the basal skin resistance and the pattern of galvanic skin response]. PMID- 7375198 TI - [Changes in the Achilles tendon reflexographic curve during puberty]. PMID- 7375199 TI - [Creatine kinase (CPK) in congenital hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7375196 TI - [Establishing correlation between radiological image and chemical composition of urinary calculi in children]. PMID- 7375200 TI - [Results of treatment of children with megaloureters by the method of uretero cutaneous fistula]. PMID- 7375202 TI - [Respiratory tract diseases as a problem of growing]. PMID- 7375201 TI - [Health status and somatic and psychomotor development of children born after heterologous artificial insemination]. PMID- 7375204 TI - [Acute pancreatitis in epidemic parotitis]. PMID- 7375203 TI - [Use of hyperimmune serum with anti-HBsAg antibodies for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in viral hepatitis in an infant]. PMID- 7375205 TI - [Perisellar neoplasms in children]. PMID- 7375206 TI - [Porphyria variegata in a 9-year-old girl]. PMID- 7375208 TI - [Adiponecrosis subcutanea neonatorum]. PMID- 7375207 TI - [Acute curable cerebellar ataxia in a 2-year-old child]. PMID- 7375209 TI - [Aspirin-induced asthmatic syndrome]. PMID- 7375210 TI - [Hyperacute infections in children after splenectomy]. PMID- 7375211 TI - [Development of children and adolescents in the aspect of environmental determinations. I. Somatic development, fitness and physical efficiency]. PMID- 7375212 TI - [Development of children and adolescents in the aspect of environmental determinations. II. Psychological development]. PMID- 7375213 TI - [Postural disorders in children and adolescents in the Katowice province in the light of cross-sectional medical examinations in the years 1977--78]. PMID- 7375214 TI - [Body height in obese children]. PMID- 7375216 TI - [Relationship between body weight and body height of newborn infants and their parents]. PMID- 7375215 TI - [Evaluation of skeletal age in obese children]. PMID- 7375217 TI - [Methods of multiprofile evaluation of psychomotor development of infants]. PMID- 7375218 TI - [Breast feeding in Poland]. PMID- 7375219 TI - [Main causes of hospitalization and hospital deaths of children and adolescents in the years 1971-1976]. PMID- 7375220 TI - [Detection of the sources of infection in pediatric hospital departments of the Medical Academy in Bytom]. PMID- 7375222 TI - [Usefulness of screening tests in neonatal diagnostics]. PMID- 7375221 TI - [Trends of infant mortality changes in the years 1957-76 in the Katowice province and other regions with a highly developed industry]. PMID- 7375223 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in healthy and infected newborn infants]. PMID- 7375224 TI - [Individual talks with mothers as a form of health education at a hospital]. PMID- 7375225 TI - [Auxological studies in the practice of a physician specializing in developmental medicine]. PMID- 7375226 TI - [Rate and sequence of the development of secondary sex patterns during puberty]. PMID- 7375227 TI - [Psychic consequences of somatic disorders in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7375228 TI - Echocardiographic studies of the human fetus: prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease and cardiac dysrhythmias. AB - During obstetrical ultrasound examinations, 200 M-mode and 35 real-time two dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed on 180 fetuses of high-risk pregnancies. Fetal gestational ages ranged from 18 to 41 weeks. M-mode "sweeps" demonstrating mitral- and septal-aortic fibrous continuity were obtained in 115 studies. Paradoxic septal motion in 50 fetuses suggested relarive right ventricular volume loading. Congenital cardiac malformations were accurately diagnosed in a 34-week fetus with pulmonary atresia and hypoplastic right ventricle and in a 28-week fetus with a univentricular heart. Congenital complete atrioventricular block was diagnosed in a 28-week fetus and atrial flutter with variable atrioventricular block was diagnosed in a 38-week fetus. The use of echocardiographic studies to evaluate cardiac structure and rhythm in utero assists in counseling prospective parents and in planning postnatal management for their offspring. PMID- 7375229 TI - Pediatric urolithiases: a ten-year review. AB - Sixty-one children who presented with urinary calculi between 1967 and 1977 were reviewed. The overall incidence of calculus disease in our patients was higher than reported previously from other centers in this country. Because presenting symptoms varied, a high index of suspicion was often required for diagnosis. Stones of infection were the most common type identified. Inasmuch as the revurrence rate of calculi in children was low (6.5%), careful consideration of time and cost is warrented before extensive evaluation for metabolic causes of stone formation is undertaken. Immobilization was an important factor in the etiology of stone disease. Most stones less than 5 mm in size passed without surgery. PMID- 7375232 TI - History and observation variables in assessing febrile children. AB - Attending pediatricians listed five history and eight observation variables on which they base their "instinctive" judgment (prior to performing a physical examination) of overall degree of illness of febrile children. Attending pediatricians and house staff observer pairs independently scored these variables in an overall assessment on 219 young, febrile children. The observation variable playfulness had the strongest correlation with overall assessment. Observer agreement in scoring the variables and overall assessment, while statistically significant, was only fair. When an attending pediatrician judged a child as moderately or severely ill on overall assessment, serious illnesses were four times as likely as when such a judgment was not made. When a house officer judged a child as moderately or severely ill, serious illnesses were less than twice as likely as when such a judgment was not made. However, only 57% of children with serious illnesses were judged by the attending pediatrician as moderately or severely ill on overall assessment. These data demonstrate the importance and limitations of "instinctive" clinical judgments about young, febrile children; the association between observation of complex behavioral patterns, especially playfulness, and overall assessment; and the need for further study of these complex behavioral patterns in order to define a reliable clinical approach to febrile children. PMID- 7375230 TI - Strangulation in childhood: epidemiology and clinical course. AB - A review of 233 cases of childhood strangulation was made to determine injury epidemiology. Consistent patterns of injury were observed. Crib and playground equipment strangulations are already the subject of Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) preventative regulations. High chair-, playpen mesh-, pacifier cord-, and clothing-related injuries would be amenable to prevention by improved product safety regulation. The CPSC has been petitioned to remedy the first two of these hazards. Many crib and rope strangulations can only be prevented by direct patient counseling. Although Congress empowered and required the CPSC to recognize and correct unsafe products, its surveillance systems may obscure the very design defects that cause injury. Likewise, political considerations may slow enactment of new design regulations. Physicians who treat childhood accident victims are in a position to recognize hazardous products and lobby for their improvement. Of the 233 cases 38 were further evaluated to delineate the clinical course of childhood strangulation. Victims who fail to resume normal cardiopulmonary function by the time of hospitalization have a poor prognosis for neurologic recovery with current modes of therapy. Improved treatment of hypoxic and ischemic cerebral injury might prevent some of the deaths and handicaps resulting from strangulation. PMID- 7375231 TI - Rubella susceptibility in sixth graders: effectiveness of current immunization practice. AB - Rubella hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer was determined for 702 sixth grade students from nine randomly chosen schools in a community served well medically. Rubella immunization had been given by private physicians, the health department, hospital clinics, and through a mass immunization effort in 1970. The overall susceptibility rate, as defined by a rubella hemagglutination inhibition titer of less than 1:8, was 15%. Susceptibility did not differ significantly in regard to sex, race, or source of vaccine. Of 469 children with a documented rubella immunization, 13.2% were susceptible or vaccine failures. Menarche was reported by 30% of the girls. To increase the level of protection against rubella during the childbearing years, continued emphasis on early childhood immunization combined with consideration of a booster rubella immunization for preadolescents is recommended. PMID- 7375233 TI - Anemia with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. AB - The hematologic values in patients with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis were contrasted with those of patients with other types of bacterial meningitis and aseptic meningitis in an attempt to determine whether anemia is either specific for or more common in patients with H influenzae meningitis. Patients with H influenzae meningitis had significantly lower admission hemoglobin values because they were significantly younger than the other two groups. The H influenzae meningitis patients with the lowest hemoglobin values on admission had been sicker for longer periods prior to diagnosis and had higher initial white cell counts. Patients with H influenzae meningitis, aged 3 to 24 months, developed lower hemoglobin values during hospitalization than did patients with other forms of meningitis. Anemia occurs with all forms of bacterial meningitis but is uncommon in aseptic meningitis. The anemia observed in patients with H influenzae meningitis, particularly those less than 2 years of age, is generally more severe than that observed in other forms of bacterial meningitis. PMID- 7375234 TI - Gram-negative sepsis in neonates: a nursery outbreak due to hand carriage of Citrobacter diversus. AB - An outbreak of Citrobacter diversus infections occurred in a newborn nursery at a 350-bed community hospital during September and October 1978. Two infants developed sepsis and meningitis and nine additional infants had asymptomatic umbilical colonization. These infants did not differ from control, noncolonized infants with respect to numerous clinical and environmental variables. Surveillance cultures failed to implicate an environmental source for the Citrobacter. However, cultures of nursery personnel identified a hand-carrier whose removal eliminated neonatal colonization with C diversus and decreased the number of isolates of certain other enteric bacteria found on umbilical stumps. Factors implicated in the perpetuation of the carrier state in this nurse included marked dermatitis from repeated hand washing and hand care practices involving the overnight use of plastic gloves and nutritive hand cream. The mode of transmission within the nursery appeared to be from nurse's hands to infant's umbilicus. Use of triple dye on umbilical stumps and chlorhexidine hand washing preparations did not eliminate this cycle. Surgical manipulation of colonized umbilical stumps may have been responsible for illness in two infants. PMID- 7375235 TI - Breast-feeding reduces incidence of hospital admissions for infection in infants. AB - The prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding among infants 0 to 3 months of age in a community was contrasted with the prevalence of breast-feeding among infants hospitalized for the presence of presumed or established infections. During a one year period, 136 infants, 0 to 3 months of age, were admitted to the hospital. Among the hospitalized group, only 11.0% were being exclusively breast-fed as contrasted with an expected frequency of 25.2% based on community feeding patterns. No bacterial infections were documented among the breast-fed group while 27 bacterial infections were documented among 121 non-breast-fed infants. This survey indicates that exclusively breast-feeding during the first three months of life significantly reduces the incidence of infections that ultimately require hospitalization of infants. PMID- 7375237 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle ear: a wolf in sheep's clothing. AB - A 3-year-old boy with inflammatory granulation tissue in the ear canal and typanometric evidence of middle-ear effusion was examined. Subsequently, rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle ear was diagnosed. The insidious, deceptive presentation of this common pediatric tumor in an uncommon location is discussed with indication that early diagnosis and aggressive multimodal antitumor therapy seems to be improving the hitherto gloomy prognosis for these highly lethal middle-ear-neoplasms. PMID- 7375236 TI - Treatment of Salmonella gastroenteritis with ampicillin, amoxicillin, or placebo. AB - In a randomized, prospective, double-blind study infants and children with uncomplicated Salmonella gastroenteritis were treated with ampicillin (15 patients), amoxicillin (15 patients), or placebo (14 patients). The dosage of antibiotics was 100 mg/kg/day in four equally divided doses given for five days. There was no significant benefit from antibiotic therapy on the duration of diarrhea (means 8.8, 7.3, and 7.2 days, respectively) or on the duration of recovery of Salmonella from stool cultures (means 41.3, 37.0, and 20.9 days, respectively). Bacteriologic relapse was not observed in placebo-treated patients but eight patients given ampicillin (53%) and eight given amoxicillin (53%) had relapse (P = .003). Salmonella isolated in relapse were still susceptible in vitro to the antibiotics. Of the 16 patients with bacteriologic relapse six (38%) had concomitant recurrence of diarrhea. It is concluded that ampicillin or amoxicillin therapy provides no benefit to patients with uncomplicated Salmonella gastroenteritis and substantially increases the risk of bacteriologic and symptomatic relapse. PMID- 7375238 TI - Family history of asthma in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. AB - The role of genetic or familial factors in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has not been evaluated. Detailed histories concerning asthma, allergy, and other lung diseases were obtained on first and second degree relatives of 17 infants with BPD, and 21 infants who had hyaline membrane disease but who did not develop BPD (HMD group). All infants in the BPD and HMD groups had hyaline membrane disease requiring assisted ventilation and greater than 50% inspired oxygen in the first five days of life. The diagnosis of HMD and BPD were made on radiographic and clinical criteria. Of the 17 infants with BPD, 13 had first or second degree relatives with physician-diagnosed asthma, compared to seven of 21 in the HMD group (P less than .01). In addition, a significantly greater number of relatives of BPD infants (P less than .005) had been hospitalized for their asthma as compared to HMD relatives. There were no differences between the groups for allergic rhinitis, eczema, bronchitis, emphysema, chronic cough, smoking, or wheezing with respiratory illnesses. These results suggest the possibility that airways with a genetic predisposition for reactivity may become highly reactive following neonatal lung disorders and their treatment. These irritable airways may then contribute to the development, or progression, or both of BPD. PMID- 7375239 TI - Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection introduced by fetal-monitor scalp electrodes. AB - An infant was severely infected with herpes simplex virus as a result of fetal monitoring with scalp electrodes on the buttocks. The first vesicles appeared at the site where the electrodes had been placed and, by day 9 after birth, additional lesions covered the entire perineum and lower extremities. The child developed acute meningoencephalitis and pneumatosis intestinalis. Herpes simplex virus was isolated from cultures of skin vesicle fluid, cornea, saliva, blood, and spinal fluid. The infection resolved after treatment with adenosine arabinoside, administered intravenously for 11 days and applied topically for another 15 days. A follow-up examination when the child was 2 years old disclosed no physical or neurologic abnormalities. This case illustrates the risk of introducing herpes simplex infection by internal fetal monitoring. PMID- 7375241 TI - Nocturnal oxygen saturation in normal and asthmatic children. AB - At sea level, it appears that oxygen desaturation does not occur in normal children at night and that the desaturation that occurs in moderately severe asthmatic children with therapeutic levels of theophylline does not approach dangerously low levels. PMID- 7375240 TI - Isolation of toxin producing Clostridium difficile from two children with oxacillin- and dicloxacillin-associated diarrhea. AB - Clostridium difficile was isolated from the feces of two infants who had developed watery diarrhea with blood-tinged stain. One child suffered from diarrhea after five days of parenteral oxacillin therapy; the diarrhea subsided within three days of cessation of therapy. The other infant developed diarrhea following four days of oral dicloxacillin; the diarrhea subsided within two days of cessation of therapy. C difficile was no longer detectable in the stools of the infants at that time. Tissue culture assay showed the presence of preformed fecal toxin and demonstrated the toxigenicity of the fecal isolates of C. difficile and reference strains. These findings show that C difficile may play a role in diarrhea associated with oxacillin and dicloxacillin in children. PMID- 7375242 TI - Burnout in the neonatal intensive care unit. AB - Burnout, the loss of motivation for creative involvement, is an important reaction of the staff to the stresses of working in a neonatal intensive care unit. The characteristics and causes of burnout are presented from a clinical perspective. Strategies for reducing and coping with burnout are offered. PMID- 7375244 TI - Pulmonary excretion of carbon monoxide in the human infant as an index of bilirubin production. IV. Effects of breast-feeding and caloric intake in the first postnatal week. AB - Measurements of the pulmonary excretion rate of carbon monoxide (VEco) as an index of bilirubin production in the first several days of life were taken from 64 breast-fed or bottle-fed infants. Twenty-one infants (greater than or equal to 37 weeks of gestation) were breast-fed; 43 infants (28 to 42 weeks of gestation) were bottle-fed a commercially prepared formula. Information pertaining to their caloric intake during the 24-hour period preceding VEco determination was taken from 38 of the 43 infants who were bottle-fed and they were placed into three groups based on their caloric intake: (1) less than or equal to 60 kcal/kg/day (19 infants); (2) 61 to 100 kcal/kg/day (7 infants); and (3) greater than 100 kcal/kg/day (12 infants). There was no significant difference in bilirubin production between bottle-fed and breast-fed infants. No effect of caloric deprivation on bilirubin production was demonstrated. The mean VEco values were 18.5 +/- 0.9 (SE) for group 1, 17.7 +/- 1.8 (SE) for group 2, and 16.2 +/- 1.1 (SE) microliter/kg/hr for group 3. PMID- 7375245 TI - The role of the practicing pediatrician in resident education. PMID- 7375243 TI - Failure of strychnine treatment during the neonatal period in three Finnish children with nonketotic hyperglycinemia. AB - Three Finnish infants with a severe neonatal-onset-type of nonketotic hyperglycinemia were treated with strychnine nitrate in a daily dosage of 0.2 to 0.9 mg/kg, given orally in four doses. In order to lower the plasma and CSF glycine concentrations concomitant exchange transfusions (200 to 300 ml/kg of heparinized blood) were carried out in two of these infants. Although the strychnine therapy was started at ages 15, 40, and 62 hours, the strychnine produced no clinical effect, and the exchange transfusion caused only a transient decrease in the plasma glycine level. Despite treatment, the clinical course was the same as in the majority of children with the severe form of the disease--all died within the first ten days of life. Impressive effects of strychnine treatment initiated in two infants at ages 5 and 6 1/2 months, and given in addition to sodium benzoate and anticonvulsants, have been reported. These cases, however, probably represent a less severe type of nonketotic hyperglycinemia. Nevertheless, the therapeutic failure in the present cases probably indicates that strychnine treatment does not solve the therapeutic problems of severe forms of NKH. PMID- 7375247 TI - On replacing the surfactant. PMID- 7375248 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics: Committee on Nutrition. On the feeding of supplemental foods to infants. PMID- 7375246 TI - Rubella immunization: present status and future perspectives. PMID- 7375249 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics: Committee on Infectious Diseases. Revised recommendations on rubella vaccine. PMID- 7375250 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics: Committee on Genetics. Prenatal diagnosis for pediatricians. AB - Pediatricians should be familiar with the principles of antenatal diagnosis and how they should be applied to specific problems in genetic counseling, diagnosis, and management in clinical practice. At the same time, pediatricians should be familiar with the resources for the new technology available to them in their region, and they should assure themselves that the performance of antenatal diagnosis meets current standards. PMID- 7375252 TI - Opinions on teenage pregnancy statement. PMID- 7375251 TI - Ascorbic acid, dietary restriction, and upper respiratory tract infection. PMID- 7375254 TI - Neonatal infection and white blood cell count. PMID- 7375253 TI - Myiasis. PMID- 7375255 TI - Neonatal hyperammonemia. PMID- 7375256 TI - Feingold diet vs allergic tension fatigue. PMID- 7375257 TI - Status asthmaticus. PMID- 7375258 TI - Should emphasis be on monitoring or diagnosis. PMID- 7375259 TI - [Bile biochemical indices in the diagnosis of inflammatory and functional diseases of the biliary system in children]. PMID- 7375260 TI - [Characteristics of the bile acid makeup in children with biliary dyskinesias and gastroduodenitis]. PMID- 7375262 TI - [Pancreatic enzymatic activity in the blood and urine in the pain syndrome in the abdominal cavity of children]. PMID- 7375261 TI - [Determination of liver functions and the characteristics of the intrahepatic hemodynamics in children with the aid of the wofaverdin test]. PMID- 7375263 TI - [Method for the simultaneous fractional study of the gastric and duodenal contents in children]. PMID- 7375265 TI - [Further improvement in organizing child nutrition]. PMID- 7375264 TI - [Histochemical methods of study in evaluating the functional state of the duodenum in chronic gastroduodenitis]. PMID- 7375266 TI - [Disaccharidase deficiency in chronic nonspecific enteritis in children]. PMID- 7375267 TI - [Use of metronidazole in chronic atrophic gastritis in children]. PMID- 7375268 TI - [Physiological characteristics of children, native inhabitants of the North, as a manifestation of adaptation to high northern latitude conditions]. PMID- 7375269 TI - [Peripheral blood and intracellular leukocyte metabolic indices in the process of children adapting to the conditions of the Polar Region]. PMID- 7375271 TI - [Pathogenesis of the acute cerebellar ataxia syndrome in children]. PMID- 7375272 TI - [Pathogenesis of chronic inflammations of the biliary tracts in children]. PMID- 7375273 TI - [Cerebral hemodynamic disorders in children who have had a birth injury to the cervical portion of the spinal cord and their dynamics in the pathogenetic therapy process]. PMID- 7375270 TI - [Etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of tics in children]. PMID- 7375275 TI - [Clinical characteristics of brucellosis in children]. PMID- 7375276 TI - [Correlation of heliogeomagnetic factors with the cytochemical status of the leukocytes in children with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7375274 TI - [Side effects and toxic reactions to vitamin D]. PMID- 7375277 TI - [Higher fatty acid content in the blood serum and erythrocytes of premature infants in the 1st month of life]. PMID- 7375278 TI - [Group registration system in the dispensary care of children with chronic gastroduodenitis and peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7375280 TI - [Rare developmental anomalies in children: 1) the cri du chat syndrome, karyotype: 46, XY, DEL (5) (P31); 2) the mixed type of syndrome with signs of Patau's syndrome and the cri du chat syndrome, karyotype: 46, XY, DER (5) T (5, 13) (P14, Q14) MAT]. PMID- 7375281 TI - [Topographic interrelationships of the common bile and pancreatic ducts in children and their link with the pathogenesis of cholecystopancreatitis]. PMID- 7375279 TI - [Experience with the comprehensive treatment of children with congenital facial and palatal clefts and congenital heart defects under dispensary observation]. PMID- 7375282 TI - Role of interproblem learning in interocular transfer. AB - The learning of a pattern discrimination may be divided into two components, one specific to the pattern task and another general to it and other tasks. The purpose of these experiments was to assess the degree to which these different components transfer interocularly, as well as to determine the effects of variations in prior acquisition on interocular transfer. In the first experiment, 28 albino rats were assigned to four equal groups that permitted assessment of the influences, on acquisition or interocular transfer of a pattern discrimination, of prior ipsi-ocular, contra-ocular, or sequential binocular training on a black-white task. Interocular savings were reduced by a factor of three when the black-white task (the general component) was acquired priorly, but there was no difference between the effects of prior contra-ocular training on black-white or pattern on subsequent monocular acquisition of the pattern task. Thus, all interocular transfer might be due to the general component. The second experiment, a partial replication, was performed to clarify whether information specific to the pattern task transferred interocularly. Again, interocular savings were reduced by a factor of three after prior black-white training. However, monocular acquisition of the pattern task facilitated subsequent contra ocular learning of that same task more so than did prior monocular acquisition of a black-white task, indicating that some contribution is made to interocular savings by the information specific to the pattern task. PMID- 7375283 TI - Effects of administration of cannabis resin during pregnancy on emotionality and learning in rats' offspring. AB - Injection of cannabis resin as a saline-Tween 80 solution to pregnant rats resulted in pups having lower body weight, higher emotionality, poorer learning capacity, and paradoxically higher brain weight and DNA content. The cannabis appeared directly to have caused the inferior growth rate of the pups which in turn affected emotionality and learning. PMID- 7375284 TI - Hemifield differences for naming bilaterally presented nouns varying on age of acquisition. PMID- 7375285 TI - Imaginal vs perceptual scanning of a visual representation. AB - Imaginal and perceptual scanning were compared to determine whether the reaction time function obtained during imaginal scanning in previous studies is analogous to what would happen in the perceptual situation. Subjects scanned arrays of four digits which were either imagined of physically present. Monotonic increases in reaction time as a function of distance were found in both cases. However, the zero intercept of the reaction times was significantly faster for the perceptual scanning group, probably due to the easier access to the loci. The over-all similarity in the results might suggest that a common structure is employed to represent information from imaginal and perceptual sources. PMID- 7375286 TI - Assessment of brain damage in a geriatric population through use of a visual searching task. AB - This study was designed to assess the discriminative capacity of a visual searching task for brain damage, as described by Goldstein and Kyc (1978), for 10 hospitalized male, brain-damaged patients, 10 hospitalized male schizophrenic patients, and 10 normal subjects in a control group, all of whom were approximately 65 yr. old. The derived data indicated, at a statistically significant level, that the visual-searching task was effective in successfully classifying 80% of the brain-damaged sample when compared to the schizophrenic patients and discriminating 90% of the brain-damaged patients from normal subjects. PMID- 7375287 TI - Delboeuf illusions: contour or size detector interactions? AB - Manipulations of contour lightness were shown to alter the magnitude and direction of the Delboeuf illusion. The data suggest that size detector rather than contour interactions create this visual anomaly. PMID- 7375288 TI - Effects of cigarette smoking on recall and categorization of written material. AB - Habitual smokers participated in an experiment assessing the effects of smoking or abstinence upon immediate and delayed memory of new and old (previously presented) words, as well as category clustering. 10 smokers showed significantly poorer immediate and delayed recall of old words and less clustering of words into categories on the delayed recall test. PMID- 7375289 TI - Physical fitness and Embedded Figures Test performance of elementary school children. AB - The relationship between physical fitness and field independence was assessed by measuring embedded-figures test performance in the following four groups of children in Grades 4 through 6: (1) 93 boys high in physical fitness, (2) 92 girls high in physical fitness, (3) 67 boys low in physical fitness, and (4) 77 girls low in physical fitness. The group of girls low in physical fitness was significantly more field dependent than the other three groups. No significant differences were found among the other three groups. It appears that skill in physical activities may be related to the embedded-figures test performance of girls, but not boys. In fact, girls skilled in physical activities may be as field independent as boys. PMID- 7375291 TI - Body image and females' sexual behavior. AB - 82 female college students completed a body-image scale and an inventory on sexual behavior. These female students differing in sexual activity can be distinguished on the basis of body image. PMID- 7375290 TI - Effects of feedback on the vigilance task performance of hyperactive and hypoactive children. AB - Hyperactive and hypoactive children show attentional deficits. An effort was made to modify their approaches to a vigilance task by varying the feedback received for correct detections and false alarms. It was expected that hyperactive children would do better when receiving knowledge of false alarms; hypoactive children would do better when receiving knowledge of correct responses. 20 hyperactive and 20 hypoactive children, aged 6 to 10 yr., were each tested under three conditions with a vigilance task: (a) feedback for correct responses (KR+), (b) feedback for false alarms (KR-), (c) no feedback NKR). Feedback was given by a tone. For the total error score, hyperactive subjects committed more errors than hypoactive ones under KR+ and fewer errors under KR-. Hypoactive children committed fewer errors under KR+ than no knowledge. Partial support for the hypothesis was obtained. Hyperactive children generally to better when given knowledge of errors; they become more cautious in responding. Hypoactive children do best when given information regarding correct responses; they become less inhibited in responding. PMID- 7375292 TI - Associating Embedded Figures Test Performance with extreme hysteria and psychasthenia MMPI scores in a psychiatric population. AB - 21 female subjects from a psychiatric population scoring high on one of two MMPI scales, Hysteria or Psychasthenia, were given Jackson's (1956) shortened version of the Embedded Figures Test. Hysteria correlates positively and significantly .71 with time spent in detecting embedded geometric figures. Obsessive compulsiveness and Embedded Figures Test performance time are negatively correlated -.63. The average times were 102.5 sec. for hysteria subjects and 62.6 sec. for psychasthenia subjects. Chi-squared establishes the significant association of MMPI measurements for hysteria and obsessive-compulsiveness with field-dependence and field-independence, respectively. PMID- 7375293 TI - Sex differences in factorial dimension of verbal, logical, mathematical and visuospatial ability. AB - The factor structure of verbal, logical, visuospatial, and mathematical ability was compared for responses from 52 male and 54 female college students. Separate verbal, quantitative, and visuospatial factors were isolated among males while compound verbal-mathematical-visuospatial and verbal-logical-field dependence factors were isolated among females. The data supported the hypothesis of sex related differences in the factorial organization of verbal, mathematical, reading, writing, and visuospatial ability. PMID- 7375294 TI - Effect of vocal feedback on Stroop Color-Word interference. AB - The present study tested the hypothesis that vocal feedback affects the interference obtained during performance on the Stroop Color-Word task. Two measures were studied as indicators of ability to name colors on the Stroop, speed (performance time) and accuracy (number of errors). Speed of performance on the interference task by 16 male college students was not aided by reduction of vocal feedback. Accuracy of performance in the interference condition was strongly facilitated by reduction of vocal feedback, while little change was noted with no interference. These results are consistent with a view that in vocal feedback on Stroop interference the experience of a mismatch between the auditory feedback produced by the weaker color-naming response in the presence of the prepotent tendency to make the reading response increases interference. PMID- 7375295 TI - Relationship between physiological and self-reported stressful response and psychosomatic disorders. AB - A revised version of the Atonomic Perception Questionnaire (Mandler, Mandler, & Uviller, 1958) was administered to 359 psychology students and the highest and lowest scoring (12.5%) males and females (N = 88) of this group were selected to participate in two experiments. In Exp. 1, skin conductance, muscle tension, respiratory rate, and heart rate were recorded prior to and during presentation of neutral and stressful visual stimuli. In Exp. 2, the same indices were recorded and the same procedure was used. Participants were instructed to rate physiological reactivity to the stimuli. Finally, a medical history questionnaire was mailed to each participant 1 wk. after completing the experiments. The data indicate that this version of the Autonomic Perception Questionnaire was predictive only of responsivity of skin conductance to stressful stimuli. PMID- 7375297 TI - Visual asymmetry on a color-naming task: a developmental perspective. AB - 5-, 7-, and 10-yr.-old children were tested on a lateralized color-naming task, the colors being presented unilaterally and monocularly. Each age group was composed of 20 boys and 20 girls. A significant effect of age was found, with the greatest perceptual asymmetry (a significant left visual-field effect) being observed for the 5-yr.-old group, and the smallest perceptual asymmetry for the 7 yr.-old group. PMID- 7375296 TI - Hemispheric asymmetries in a tactile thought task for normal subjects. AB - 14 normal subjects were given two tactile-recognition tasks. Subjects were asked to match the tactually presented nonsense figures to the visual-recognition display on a Non-rotation task. On the Mental-rotation task subjects matched the tactile figures which were presented in various directions by means of mental rotation to the visual display. A greater superiority of the left hand on the Mental-rotation task was noted while on the Non-rotation task no differences between hands were shown. The right hemisphere may contibute more strongly to higher thought processes especially those which do not need verbal mediation. PMID- 7375299 TI - Effects of lead poisoning on cognitive test performance. AB - 47 lead-poisoned children, treated and without encephalopathy, are compared with sibling controls on perceptual-verbal pattern comparisons of subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children to determine whether there has been brain damage. Both groups of children do not differ significantly from each other on comparisons of these patterns, and they appear to be similar to each other in WISC functioning. The conclusion is that lead-poisoning, treated, and without encephalopathy, does not result in detectable brain damage by means of these pattern analyses. PMID- 7375300 TI - Neuroticism, practice, and sex differences in a digit-symbol task. AB - 136 university students participated in a digit-symbol coding task. An analysis of variance of sex, practice (distributed, massed), trial (1 to 10), and neuroticism (3 levels) yielded significant main effects due to trials, i.e., a learning effect, and sex (females performed better). Interactions of anxiety by trial and of anxiety by practice by trial were generally indicative of an inverse U-shaped function relating anxiety to performance under massed practice; subjects high and low in anxiety tended to perform worse than those of medium anxiety on some trials. PMID- 7375298 TI - Creative capabilities of learning-disabled and normal students. AB - The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (Figural Form A) and Sounds and Images were administered to 26 learning-disabled and 30 average students in Grades 3, 4, and 5. Significant differences between the two groups were noted on all measures except fluency. Although learning-disabled students produced an equivalent number of relevant creative responses in comparison to their average peers, they were less able to generate new ideas and change their initial approach. PMID- 7375301 TI - An information-retrieval system for classifying work in the field of cerebral asymmetry. AB - A hierarchically-branching system is recommended for classifying published work in the field of cerebral asymmetry, and its rapid retrieval. It can readily accommodate partically everything published since 1965. PMID- 7375302 TI - Contribution of an educational phase to stress inoculation of speech anxiety. AB - A study is described in which students anxious about speeches were treated by variations of stress inoculation training. The purpose of the experiemnt was to evaluate the contribution of an educational phase to the training. Three treatment groups received either the educational phase only, the skills phase only, or both. These were compared with a no-treatment control group. The education-only group was the only group to improve significantly on self-reported anxiety measured before giving a public speech. The education-only and combination group imporved on self-reported self-efficacy as a speaker. All groups improved on behavioral rating of anxiety. Discussion focuses on the apparent potency of using an educational model in the treatment of anxiety. Future research is suggested for delineating the conditions under which education is a powerful ingredient. PMID- 7375303 TI - Perceived sex differences in inpatients' psychopathology: some preliminary findings. AB - 21 staff members from an inpatient psychiatric hospital were interviewed about their perceptions of symptomatological differences between male and female inpatients. Analysis of the interview data indicated significant staff agreement on 4 of 9 rated contrast categories and trends toward significance in two others. Staff described females as greater management problems, showing more emotion, being more troublesome and uncooperative, having poorer contact with reality, and being less willing to participate in social interactions than their male counterparts. These consistently perceived differences, it is suggested, likely lead to different ward atmospheres and difference staff expectations for male and female inpatients. PMID- 7375304 TI - Effect of practice on visual backward masking. AB - Five experiments studied practice effects for 4, 7, 11 subjects on visual backward masking using a signal-detection procedure under various conditions. Exp. I determined the minimum perceptible critical stimulus duration (CSD) for criterion identification of a target stimulus, the letter T or A. In Exp. II, the stimulus was presented at the critical stimulus duration (CSD) followed by a pattern mask at intervals of 20 to 120 msec. for 15 separate sessions. In Exp. III (N = 4) the mask followed the CSD in intervals of 2-msec. increments until subjects reached criterion accuracy. Exps. IV and V (Ns = 4, 7) provided partial replications of Exps. II and III. Naive subjects were used, and the stimulus duration was constant for all subjects. When masking functions were obtained at a threshold, considerable variability was found and subjects improve slowly or not at all over sessions. With a fixed supra-threshold stimulus, all subjects improve with practice. The inportance of these findings is discussed as they relate to common (and largely untested) assumptions made in the backward masking and perception literature. PMID- 7375306 TI - Time estimation among schizophrenics. AB - Studies of time estimation among schizophrenics have sometimes been difficult to integrate with one another because of differing methodologies and inconsistent definitions. The present study should increase clarity by employing several methods of time estimation within the same study and maintaining a consistent definition of overestimation and underestimation across tasks. 26 schizophrenic and 26 control subjects were given three types of time-estimation tasks. Longer interval Estimation involved judging, at different points in the interview/testing session, how much time had passed. Verbal Estimation required subjects to judge the length of brief intervals signalled by the examiner. Operative Estimation required subjects to indicate when a specified number of seconds had passed. Schizophrenic subjects were significantly more inaccurate than controls in the Verbal and Operative Estimation tasks. Moreover, with overestimation defined consistently as judging more time to have passed than actually has, both Verbal and Operative Estimation results indicated schizophrenics were significantly more likely to overestimate. These results indicate support for the suggestion that schizophrenics have a disturbed sense of time, with real (clock) time experienced as passing more slowly than is actually the case. Long Interval Estimation produced quite different results, but it was felt that the retrospective and unfocused nature of the time judgments in this task made it a less valid indicator of ability to estimate. PMID- 7375307 TI - Comparison of the Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test and the WISC-R for children experiencing academic difficulties. AB - 100 students identified as experiencing academic difficulties were administered both the Draw-A-Person and the WISC-R. Analyses indicated significant correlations between the various scores obtained on the WISC-R and the drawings. These relationships were quite consistent with those previously reported for other subgroups within the school population. When correlational analysis was performed for each sex separately, consistently stronger relationships were found for 34 females than for 66 males. PMID- 7375305 TI - Mediation or production deficiency in disabled readers. AB - Deficiences in disabled readers' short-term memory processing were studied. A deficit in memory capacity versus susceptibility to interference was investigated by examining performance over trials. A mediation versus production deficiency in memory processing was examined by testing the effect of instructions for rehearsal on performance of average and disabled readers in Grades 2 and 5. Contrary to prior research, facilitative effects of rehearsal graders' memory was adversely affected by overt rehearsal. Requiring children to rehearse overtly at a set rate may account for the results. A second study examined effects of covert rehearsal on the memory of average and disabled readers in Grade 2 over trials. Facilitative effects of covert rehearsal were shown when data of children who spontaneously rehearsed were removed. A deficiency in production by second graders was supported. Disabled readers who did not rehearse were more susceptible to interference. PMID- 7375308 TI - Discriminant analysis of personality and body-image factors of females differing in percent body fat. AB - The purpose of the study was to determine whether individuals with high percent body fat can be distinguished on the basis of personality and body-image from those possessing lower levels of body fat. 65 female college students were administered the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire and the Secord and Jourard Body-cathexis Scale. Measurement of height, weight, and skin folds at the triceps and illiac crest were also taken. On the basis of percent body fat two groups of 20 females each (high and low percent body fat) were identified. From discriminant analyses one personality factor and six body-image items were identified which distinguished between groups. Reclassification of the subjects, based upon derived discriminant functions, resulted in 60.0% of the subjects being correctly reclassified from personality data and 100% of the subjects correctly reclassified from body-image data. Body-image appears to be an important factor that can distinguish between individuals possessing high and low levels of body fat. PMID- 7375309 TI - Effect of increased noise levels by supersonic aircraft on annoyance levels and time estimations. AB - Several tests designed to assess the effects of increased noise levels created by the Concorde supersonic aircraft were administered to 48 residents living around Dulles International Airport and 31 persons not living near an airport. Results of a pretest questionnaire and lack of significant changes in annoyance levels and time estimations indicate that, while airport-area residents may be more conscious of aircraft noise, changes in the perceived intensities of sounds may not occur. PMID- 7375310 TI - Toward the development of a rational scale in the use of human-figure drawings as a kindergarten screening measure. AB - The Draw-A-Person Test was individually administered to 120 kindergartners from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds, ranging in age from 4 yr. and 10 mo. to 6 yr. and 4 mo. This study was conducted to validate and expand Goldman and Warren's earlier work (1976) on the development of a rational scale for use as a kindergarten screening measure. Correlational analyses corroborate the earlier findings that body-part omissions are the most predictive items of emotional high risk. Factor analyses of the current data also replicate earlier findings in which two underlying cohesive factors emerged. The first factor has high loadings on peripheral body-part omissions; the second factor has high loadings on central body-part omission. The results suggest that an interchangeable number of body part omissions together, rather than any one item, predict high emotional risk. Structural and content characteristics do not contribute significantly to the development of a kindergarten screening measure. PMID- 7375313 TI - Releasers of imprinting: instinctive preferences for liver models and those with painted sign-stimuli. AB - White Leghorn chicks hatched and raised in isolation were tested for their preference to situations where age-mates or silhouettes of age-mates were paired against hens, other adult animals, or silhouettes of hens with various sign stimuli painted on. Silhouettes with painted sign-stimuli elicit quite different developmental patterns of preference, with the hens of the more complex silhouettes being prepotent. The hen silhouette models increase in prepotency when they are moving, with one exception. A Mallard drake emerged as powerful releasing object, suggesting that its large, yellow beak may be a supernormal stimulus. PMID- 7375312 TI - Progressive Figure drawings in the developmental assessment of mentally retarded psychotics. AB - A Progressive Figure Drawing Test was assembled to delineate level of perceptual motor development in patients with both developmental and psychiatric disorders. 63 mentally retarded psychotic adults were evaluated by this procedure and other measures of intellectual, social, and psychiatric functioning. The test's reliability and developmental hierarchy were supported, and significant differentiation among grades of retardation was noted. Strong correlates were obtained with the other developmentally based tests while its associations with indices of psychosis were significantly weaker or inconsequential. The findings suggested that this procedure may separate cognitive subnormality from abnormality related to psychosis. It was proposed that developmental assessment may provide a crucial perspective for clinical evaluation and research into mental retardation and psychosis. PMID- 7375311 TI - Arousal and cognition: Picture Vocabulary performance and individual differences in physiological arousal. AB - The contribution of individual differences in physiological arousal to intellective assessment in learning disabled children was studied. Arousal was measured by salivary response and intellective function (receptive vocabulary) by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. It was predicted that best performance would be found at intermediate levels of arousal. Peabody scores of learning disabled subjects of high, middle, and low arousal showed a non-significant trend in the predicted direction. Reasons for the lack of significance of this hypothesized trend were proposed and needed research outlined. PMID- 7375314 TI - Heart-rate changes during covert rehearsal and response execution. AB - The phasic ardiac responses and reaction times (RT) of 27 normal adult males were examined during a fixed-foreperiod RT task involving three levels of difficulty of rehearsal, with subject instructed to respond to the reaction signal following one of three delay periods. The results indicated accelerative heart-rate changes corresponding to the requirements of the rehearsal task, regardless of the timing of the motor response. The magnitude of the decelerative component appeared to be primarily dependent on the stimulus detection and requirements of the response decision signalled by the stimuli. Preparation to make a motor response per se did not influence heart-rate deceleration significantly. Potential applications of the heart-rate measure as an independent physiological index of activities related to the processes of memory and attention were suggested. PMID- 7375315 TI - Mirror peg-turning performance of children. AB - Performance differences for 120 elementary school children from three grade levels were identified using a novel motor skill. Females performed the tasks faster and with less variable error than males, and the older children performed better than the younger subjects. These results provide support for a developmental progression of motor skill, based upon maturation and environmental influence. PMID- 7375316 TI - Halstead-Reitan Test Battery: a problem of differential diagnosis. AB - The Halstead-Reitan Test Battery is one of the most widely recognized neuropsychological test batteries. Many claims have been made as to its validity. Despite these claims, doubts persist. A critical review of the literature shows that the battery can separate brain-damaged patients from normal patients, general medical patients, and patients with certain psychiatric disorders. However, the battery cannot separate brain-damaged patients as a group from schizophrenics as a group, though in individual cases there may exist pathognomonic signs indicating brain damage. The impairment index, as a summary score of the basic tests, as well as other "methods of inference," fail at this point. Four alternatives are discussed. First, brain-damaged patients differ from schizophrenic patients not in test performance but in test-taking behavior. Second, the battery is a valid measure of brain damage but has limited applicability. Third, the battery is a measure not of brain damage but of degree of degradation of psychological processes. And fourth, schizophrenics perform poorly on the battery because they have undetected brain damage. Only the third and fourth alternatives appear viable. Both question the validity of the traditional criteria of brain damage. It is argued that future validation studies of the battery should be of construct validation type and not of the criterion oriented type, as these are defined by Cronbach and Meehl (1955). Possible procedures for construct validation are briefly discussed. PMID- 7375317 TI - Visual field accuracy and eye movement direction: a child's eye view. AB - Post-exposural eye movements were studied in 32 adults and 24 7-yr.-old children. Stimuli were binary figures exposed tachistoscopically in both visual fields simultaneously. The data showed significant correlations between direction of eye movement and locus of recognition for both children and adults. No significant differences were found in frequencies of eye movements of children and adults. The data are interpreted in terms of the facilitative effects of post-exposural eye movements upon perception for both groups. PMID- 7375319 TI - Competition trait anxiety, state anxiety, and performance. AB - This study tested predictions about social facilitation using a competitive (evaluation) vs non-competitive setting. In addition, subjects who exhibited low, moderate, or high anxiety concerning competition were selected to determine the relation of anxiety to social facilitation. The design was 2 (competition/no competition) X 3 (competition trait anxiety), with state anxiety and performance as the major dependent variables. In a significant main effect of anxiety about competition subjects high in competitive anxiety displayed higher levels of state anxiety than subjects moderate or low in anxiety about competition. Performance differences were non-significant although means were as predicted. PMID- 7375318 TI - Effects of motor and verbal practice on the Stroop task. AB - Motor responses to the Stroop task have been largely ignored despite almost a century of active research on verbal responses to the test. The Stroop task maximizes verbal interference by asking subjects to ignore the stimulus word, e.g., red, and respond to the color of the ink in which the work is printed, e.g., blue. A few recent studies have suggested that motor responses (pressing color-coded buttons) might minimize this interference phenomenon presumably via bypassing the usual verbal processing mechanisms. This study compared motor and verbal responses and provided extensive practice. There were no over-all significant differences between motor and verbal responding although motor responses were faster. Significant practice effects and a significant interaction of response mode by practice suggest that motor responding reacts more rapidly to practice effects. PMID- 7375320 TI - Announcing the great frame-tilt judging contest. AB - A contest is used to dramatize the fact that in all rod-and-frame studies, the investigator rather than the observer has defined direction of frame tilt and this is a serious theoretical and methodological error. PMID- 7375321 TI - An approach to the investigation of coincidence anticipation in ball-tracking skills. AB - A method is outlined whereby the type of coincidence anticipation involved in ball games may be investigated using the Bassin anticipation timer. PMID- 7375322 TI - Swatting truth. PMID- 7375323 TI - A computational study of a period of infant object-concept development. AB - Piaget has distinguished a number of distinct stages in the development of the concept of an enduring external object during infancy. I present a theory of a class of behaviours at one of these stages embodied in a working computer program. The behaviour of this program matches a class of perceptual behaviours of infants between about twelve and twenty weeks of age in a number of experimental situations studied by Bower. The theory argues that these behaviours are a result of the interaction between the perceptual and conceptual levels of the system, and the way in which conflicts between competing descriptions of an object are resolved. I locate the cause of several features of the behaviours in the procedures for managing the changing representation of the world, and the system's way of treating transitions between the states of an object (for example, moving to stationary). The basic conceptual primitives of the analysis are objects and events, not motion and place, as argued by Bower, or the infant's previous activity, as argued by Piaget. I argue that adequate explanations of experimental findings such as these require the construction of fairly detailed computational models. PMID- 7375324 TI - Visual sensitivity to the shape and size of a moving object: implications for models of object perception. PMID- 7375325 TI - Spatiotemporal filtering and the interpolation effect in apparent motion. AB - A target moving in discrete spatial steps with an appropriate interstep interval (ISI) can appear visually as if it is in continuous motion. The momentary spatial position of such a target is interpolated by the observer between its real physical positions. The extent of this interpolation was measured by a vernier alignment technique, and was found to decrease as the ISI was lengthened. A discretely moving target may be described as a continuously moving target on which is superimposed a periodic modulation of spatial position. It is shown that the traditional "staircase" stimulus for apparent motion can be generalized to include other kinds of periodic modulation. With the use of various analog filtered and digitally filtered versions of staircase stimuli with different ISIs, it was shown that the pehnomenal interpolation of a periodically modulated moving target was affected only when the frequencies of modulation were less than about 25 Hz. The spatial amplitude of the modulation also has some effect. PMID- 7375326 TI - Motion aftereffect: a global mechanism for the perception of rotation. AB - Observers adapted to motion by looking at rotating logarithmic spirals. They were tested with a stationary mirror image of the adapting spiral in which all contours were at 90 degrees to those of the first spiral. Motion aftereffects were reported in the contrarotational direction--that is, observers who had seen clockwise rotating motion reported seeing counterclockwise aftereffects. These aftereffects lasted one-third as long as the aftereffects obtained when the adapting spiral was used as the test figure. These two aftereffects were shown to have different storage properties, thereby indexing the operation of at least two different mechanism. We interpret the motion aftereffect that is obtained with the mirror-image stimulus as indicative of the existence of global rotation detectors. PMID- 7375327 TI - Vision, visibility, and perception in driving. AB - Recent research is reviewed and its implications discussed. "On-the-Spot" accident investigations have confirmed that errors of perception by the driver are a major contributory factor to accidents. However, the available evidence suggests that few of these are attributable to reduced or defective vision, since at best only a weak relationship has been found between a driver's level of vision (or visual performance) and his accident rate. A number of reasons for this general finding are considered, including driver compensation. For all drivers, the rapid fall in visual acuity with angular distance from the centre of vision presents particular problems, giving special significance to eye-movement patterns and the problems of visual search. Numerous physical and psychophysical restrictions on visibility could lead to the "looked, but failed to see" type of accident, but their relative importance requires evaluation. There is now much evidence that the driver is quite often operating beyond his visual or perceptual capabilities in a number of key driving situations, including overtaking, joining or crossing a high-speed road, and a number of nighttime situations. It is concluded that "expectancy", based on experience in both the long and the short term, has a profound influence on driver perception and assessment of risk. For all drivers, serious errors of judgment from time to time would seem inevitable. In general, these do not lead to accidents because of, among other things, the safety margins added by the driver and adjustments made by other road users. Thus, despite his limitations and fallibilities, the average driver is involved in surprisingly few serious incidents, particularly in view of the rapid rate of decisionmaking that is required. However, the present accident rate should not be accepted as inevitable and various countermeasures are discussed. PMID- 7375328 TI - Irrelevance of local position information in visual adaptation to random arrays of small geometric elements. AB - Experiments were carried out to test whether spatial relationships between local pattern features are important in the production of pattern-specific visual adaptation effects. Evidence was found for sensitivity to the shape of local pattern features, but not to their relative positions. These findings are contrasted with recent results for texture discrminination where the visual system can make use of local position information. PMID- 7375329 TI - What is suppressed during binocular rivalry? AB - To answer the question 'what is suppressed during binocular rivalry?" a series of three experiments was performed. In the first experiment observers viewed binocular rivalry between orthogonally oriented patterns. When the dominant and suppressed patterns were interchanged between the eyes observers continued seeing with the dominant eye, indicating that an eye, not a pattern, is suppressed during rivalry. In a second experiment it was found that a suppressed eye was able to contribute to stereopsis. A third experiment demonstrated that the predominance of an eye could be influenced by prior adaptation of the other eye, indicating that binocular mechanisms participate in the rivalry process. PMID- 7375330 TI - Perception at the blind spot and tilt aftereffect. AB - Black and white stripes were used to induce a tilt aftereffect near the blind spot. Stripe fragments on either side of the blind spot were seen as being completed across the blind spot, but the magnitude of the tilt aftereffect they induced suggested that the perceptually "filled-in" portions of the stripes did not contribute to the aftereffect. So perceptually filled-in lines seem not to be fully potent percepts. PMID- 7375331 TI - Subjective figures: some unusual concomitant brightness effects. PMID- 7375332 TI - Phonemic identification in a phoneme monitoring experiment: the variable role of uncertainty about vowel contexts. PMID- 7375335 TI - Eliminating subjective biases in judging the loudness of a 1-kHz tone. PMID- 7375333 TI - Postural determinants of frontal-position advantage in listening to speech. PMID- 7375334 TI - The primacy of visual information in the analysis of letter strings. PMID- 7375336 TI - [Occipital artery-transverse sinus communication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375338 TI - [Clinical evaluation of short-life radioactive source Au-198 grain--the use in brachytherapy for tumors of oral cavity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375339 TI - [Role of radiosensitizer for treatment of malignant tumors of the maxillary antrum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375337 TI - [The reliability of "extrapleural sign" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375340 TI - [An analysis of the radiation therapy for epipharyngeal cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375341 TI - [Treatment results of supraglottic carcinoma by radiotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375342 TI - [Evaluation of the regional lung function revealed in radioaerosol scintigram of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. I. The comparison of radioaerosol scintigram with the lung function tests in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375343 TI - [Polychromatic photon absorptiometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375345 TI - [Must we save Social Security?]. PMID- 7375344 TI - [Karen Quinlan: The law and death or the right to die]. PMID- 7375346 TI - [Antihypertensive vasodilators]. PMID- 7375347 TI - [Reversed vein bypass for the femoro-popliteal axis (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred and twenty nine saphenous femoro-popliteal or infra-popliteal bypass were realised in 125 patients, 55 for very short distance intermittent claudication, 32 for rest pain, 38 for distal gangrene. A one to seven years follow up allows to draw four conclusions: -- In spite of a 4% mortality and a decrease of permeability from 88% at one year to 58% at 5 years, one must consider that in most cases the limb was saved, pain disappeared and the patient was able to work again. -- In case of intermittent claudication, operative indication should be very limited to severe socio-professional disturbance. In contrast, one should not hesitate in case of limb threatening. -- If a thrombosis of the bypass occurs, the spontaneous prognosis is hazardous and the patient should immediately be sent back to the surgical team that first operated. -- Since preventive reoperations have better prognosis than curative reoperations, the authors emphazise the interest of a systematic research of late stenosis or aneurism at the bypass level or up or down in order to correct the trouble prior to acute ischemic complication. PMID- 7375348 TI - [Diclofurime, a new major hypotensive agent. Clinical study in 24 patients (author's transl)]. AB - Diclofurine is a new ketone-oxime derivative with potent peripheral vasodilating properties. Its hypotensive effects were studied in 24 patients suffering from severe hypertension resistant to combinations of most hypotensive drugs. In 22 patients who received diclofurime alone the blood pressure decreased from mean values of 194 +/- 1/118 +/- 3 to 166 +/- 4/97 +/- 3 mmHg after the weeks of treatment and remined at simular levels on further examinations. Most remarkably, the fall in BP was accompanied by a decrease of 15 beats/minute in supine heart rate. The mean daily dosage of diclofurime was 518 mg, the drug being taken in three divided doses. In 7 cases where diclofurime was combined with acebutolol either from the start or (in 5 cases) after an initial period of monotherapy, the efficacy of the treatment was enhanced by the beta-blocking agent. Out of 24 patients studied only one failed to respond. The new drug was generally well tolerated. Diclofurime appears to be one of the most active and best tolerated drugs for long-term oral treatment of arterial hypertension. PMID- 7375349 TI - [Transhepatic drainage of hepaticojejunal anastomoses (author's transl)]. AB - Transhepatic drainage has been extended to all hepaticojejunal anastomoses. This simple technique consists of intubation of the jejunum anastomosed to the hepatic duct by a drain guided in a retrograde direction in the common hepatic duct and the intrahepatic biliary tree, and emerging through the convex surface of the liver. PMID- 7375350 TI - [Bilateral acoustic neuroma. Therapeutic discussion]. PMID- 7375352 TI - [Type I Gilbert's disease. A case]. PMID- 7375351 TI - [HLA groups in cirrhotic alcoholic patients]. PMID- 7375353 TI - [Prolonged fever disclosing extrathoracic sarcoidosis. 3 cases]. PMID- 7375354 TI - [Rubella immunity 5, 6 and 7 years after vaccination of previously seronegative girls]. PMID- 7375355 TI - [Hypokalemia in fresh-water drowning]. PMID- 7375356 TI - [Late interhepatodiaphragmatic metastases of uterine cancers]. PMID- 7375357 TI - [In search of mistakes: extent and constraints of hospital medicine]. PMID- 7375358 TI - [Children who are too small]. PMID- 7375359 TI - [Growth cartilage. The role of somatomedins becomes clear]. PMID- 7375361 TI - [Use of a computer in the administration of a vaccination program]. PMID- 7375362 TI - [Iron metabolism]. PMID- 7375360 TI - [U.S.A. Voluntary sterilization is legal]. PMID- 7375363 TI - [A fortultousness association: Bartter's syndrome and chondrocalcinosis (author's transl)]. AB - Two adults patients presenting Bartter's syndrome have been studied for 9 years in one case, 7 years in the other. Both were affected with chondrocalcinosis. This association does not seem to be coincididental but suggests a pathogenic link between Bartter's syndrome and chondrocalcinosis; the two patients presented hypomagnesemia which, inhibiting intrasynovial pyrophosphatase, induces calcium pyrophosphate crystals deposits on fibrocartilages. Otherwise, excessive daily urinary excretion of PG E2 and PG F2 alpha was found in both patients. Indomethacin (150 mg daily) decreased urinary excretion of PG to normal values in the two cases, Kalaemia was completely normalized in one case, partially in the other. PMID- 7375365 TI - [Risk of incompatibility between intramuscular hematoporphyrin and whole-body tanning]. PMID- 7375366 TI - [Systemic arterial pressure. Non-invasive continuous monitoring]. PMID- 7375364 TI - [Treatment of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with high doses of corticoids]. PMID- 7375369 TI - [Cerebrovascular accidents. Continuous electrocardiographic recording by Holter's method]. PMID- 7375367 TI - [Angiomyolipoma of the kidney disclosed by prolonged fever]. PMID- 7375370 TI - [Lymphoid leukemia with bone rarefaction due to juxtalymphocytic hyperosteoclastosis]. PMID- 7375371 TI - [Funeral oration for psychosurgery]. PMID- 7375372 TI - [Implementation of the law on tuberculosis control]. PMID- 7375368 TI - [Nephrotic syndrome in amyloidosis. Spontaneous regression after re-establishing nutrition]. PMID- 7375374 TI - [Thoracic foreign bodies]. PMID- 7375373 TI - [Recognition of pulmonary round shadows by means of selective bronchial tree catheterization under radiological TV monitoring control]. PMID- 7375376 TI - [Retention of rifampicin in rat's organs]. PMID- 7375377 TI - [Allergic form of aspergillosis with disseminated pulmonary lesions and enlarged hilar lymph nodes]. PMID- 7375375 TI - [A critical diagnostic and therapeutic analysis of cases of suspected tuberculosis of neck lymph nodes]. PMID- 7375378 TI - [Allergic alveolitis (caused by organic dusts)]. PMID- 7375381 TI - [Effect of sulfide-hydrosulphide baths on sulfhydryl compounds in the serum of patients with cervical pains caused by discopathy treated at Busko-spa]. PMID- 7375379 TI - [Case of sarcoidosis coexisting with lung cancer]. PMID- 7375380 TI - [Thermographic determination of the laser-knife necrectomy on burned areas of the body]. PMID- 7375382 TI - [Blood digoxin level in outpatients]. PMID- 7375383 TI - [Plasma clotting factors in infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 7375384 TI - [Acute organ changes in asthma]. PMID- 7375385 TI - [Cellular immunity in intracranial neoplasms]. PMID- 7375386 TI - [Psychological problems of patient adaptation to continuous pacing treatment]. PMID- 7375387 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of Conn's disease]. PMID- 7375388 TI - [Stable osteosynthesis in femoral shaft fractures in old persons]. PMID- 7375389 TI - [Experimental use of blood oxygenation by means of Landoe-Edwards membrane oxygenator]. PMID- 7375390 TI - [Remote results of surgical treatment of middle lobe syndrome]. PMID- 7375391 TI - [Transcutaneous cholangiography with the "Chiba" needle]. PMID- 7375392 TI - [Pancreatic necrosis]. PMID- 7375393 TI - [Mallory-Weiss syndrome]. PMID- 7375394 TI - [Hepatoportojejunostomy in an infant with congenital atresia of the biliary tract]. PMID- 7375395 TI - [Objectives and activities of the Ileostomy Association]. PMID- 7375396 TI - [Blood-free surgical area in operations on the limbs]. PMID- 7375397 TI - [Necrosis of the mucosa of the lesser curvature of the stomach after highly selective vagotomy]. PMID- 7375398 TI - [Remote results of the histoenzymatic studies after vagotomy in rats]. PMID- 7375399 TI - Marijuana and the lung. AB - Short-term effects of marijuana smoking include bronchodilatation; long-term effects on the respiratory tree appear comparable with those of heavy cigarette use. Contamination of marijuana with paraquat, a potent herbicide, does not at this time appear to constitute a significant hazard to the lungs. PMID- 7375400 TI - Persistent hoarseness: an aggressive approach for early detection of laryngeal cancer. AB - Persistent hoarseness in a patient should always alert the physician to the possibility of laryngeal carcinoma. Prompt visualization of the larynx is essential, particularly in high-risk patients over 40 years of age without a history of upper respiratory infection. Mirror examination (indirect laryngoscopy) is the usual initial diagnostic procedure, although Hopkins' rod telescope and the fiberoptic laryngoscope may provide more adequate visualization. Direct laryngoscopy and biopsy allow definitive diagnosis. PMID- 7375401 TI - Arthritis related to rubella: a complication of natural rubella and rubella immunization. AB - The success of the childhood rubella immunization program has caused an upward shift in age of those susceptible to rubella. An associated increase has taken place in the incidence of rubella-related arthritis, which occurs more often in the post-pubertal population. Fortunately, however, the arthralgia-arthritis syndromes of naturally acquired rubella and those associated with vaccination are usually transient and mild. PMID- 7375402 TI - Adverse hematologic effects of alcohol. AB - Alcohol can interfere with the production of new blood cells--RBCs, granulocytes, and platelets; the ability of the host to resist infection; and normal hemostasis. Appreciation of the mechanisms behind this interference and the relative incidence and clinical patterns of each abnormality can be important in the management of affected patients. A limited history, physical examination, and a few screening tests should allow identification of persons who may have difficulty with anesthesia, infection, bleeding, and wound healing because of alcohol's hematologic toxicity. PMID- 7375403 TI - Possible termination of ventricular bigeminy by hiccups. AB - Although hiccups may increase vagal discharges by modulating changes in respiratory stretch receptors or atrial filling, it is more likely that a hiccup induced Valsalva maneuver was responsible for abolishing ventricular bigeminy in our patient. This would explain the delay that was shown on the ECG between the occurrence of the hiccup artifacts and the termination of the extrasystoles. The patient's critical condition prevented our determining the effect of altering parasympathetic activity, but our observations led us to believe that the relationship between the occurrence of hiccups and the disappearance of ventricular extrasystoles was more than coincidental. PMID- 7375405 TI - Fetal heart rate variability as an indicator of fetal status. AB - Numerous studies have shown the clinical usefulness of monitoring fetal heart rate (FHR) variability. Among the disorders associated with decreased FHR variability during labor are fetal asphyxia and acidosis and subsequent distress in the newborn. Among the factors that influence FHR variability are maternal fever, fetal immaturity, so-called fetal sleep, fetal tachycardia, and drug administration to the mother. The nonstress test, which analyzes FHR variability and accelerations of heart rate with fetal movements, may be as useful as the oxytocin challenge test for assessing FHR variability. Doppler ultrasonic cardiography exaggerates the amount of FHR variability. FHR patterns associated with progressive loss of beat-to-beat variability in the absence of maternal drug intake necessitate intervention. PMID- 7375404 TI - Superficial head and neck metastases in adults with widespread cancer. AB - In this study of 1,782 adult patients with disseminated malignancies, superficial soft tissue cervicocephalic metastases developed in about 1 in 20. In only six patients was the primary tumor located in the head or neck, and in one of these did it involve the skin or oral mucosa. In each instance the intraoral or extraoral soft tissue metastases were clearly apparent on physical examination. Biopsy should be performed on every newly formed persistent mucocutaneous lump or bump in the head and neck to rule out not only local tumor but metastasis from remote primary lesions. PMID- 7375406 TI - Waste not. PMID- 7375407 TI - Preventing adrenal insufficiency during surgery. AB - Primary adrenal insufficiency is characterized by cortisol and aldosterone deficiency; in the secondary form, cortisol alone is decreased. The symptoms are usually nonspecific and include hypotension, weight loss, and fatigue; volume depletion, hyperkalemia, and hyperpigmentation may be present in the primary form but are uncommon in the secondary form. The most common cause of secondary adrenal insufficiency is steroid therapy, which produces adrenal suppression in relation to the dose and duration of use. Sudden withdrawal may precipitate adrenal crisis; therapy must be continued until adrenocortical function recovers. Because cortisol deficiency increases vulnerability to stress, patients with known or suspected adrenal insufficiency require glucocorticoid prophylaxis before any surgical procedure, major or minor. Hydrocortisone, not cortisone acetate, should be used. PMID- 7375408 TI - A specialty is born. PMID- 7375409 TI - Vitamin supplements vs the balanced diet. PMID- 7375410 TI - Pulmonary thromboembolism. 1. Current concepts in pathogenesis and diagnosis. AB - Thrombosis results from the dynamic interaction of venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and endothelial injury. Protection against thrombosis may be lost if there is deficiency of any of the factors that mediate platelet deaggregation, block fibrin deposition, or initiate fibrinolysis. A thrombus lodged in the pulmonary arterial circulation may remain hemodynamically and clinically silent or produce hemodynamic, clinical, and radiographic alterations. Although no signs and symptoms are specific to the condition, pulmonary thromboembolism can be diagnosed clinically if predisposing factors are taken into consideration. Diagnostic procedures include contrast venography, right heart catheterization, ventilation/perfusion lung scanning, and pulmonary angiography. PMID- 7375411 TI - Pulmonary thromboembolism. 2. New trends in prophylaxis and therapy. AB - Although low-dose heparin therapy is the technique most commonly used for prophylaxis of pulmonary thromboembolism, its usefulness is being questioned. Platelet deaggregation prophylaxis with either aspirin or dipyridamole, or both, apparently is a reasonable alternative, but further studies are needed. For treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism, continuous conventional-dose heparin therapy is the approach of choice. It has the highest therapeutic/toxic ratio and is the most effective technique for prevention of clot propagation. The patient's fibrinolytic network must be intact, however, if clot degradation is to occur. Fibrinolytic therapy with urokinase or streptokinase should be restricted to use in patients with massive pulmonary embolism in whom hemodynamics are unstable. Caval interruption and pulmonary embolectomy have lower benefit/risk ratios than do the medical alternatives and are rarely used for pulmonary thromboembolism. PMID- 7375413 TI - Simple treatments for complicated dermatoses. PMID- 7375412 TI - Pulmonary function in nonsmoking chronic alcoholics. AB - To our knowledge, this is the first published report to describe pulmonary function in nonsmoking alcoholics who also do not have a history of respiratory illness. This study, in sharp contrast to those that include smokers, shows that pulmonary function, including diffusing capacity, is within normal limits. The "true shunt" noted in all subjects who underwent blood gas studies is probably related to liver disease. Our study also suggests that gas exchange may be impaired even in patients with mild alcoholic liver disease (table 3). When the airway closes prematurely as a result of blood vessel dilatation and/or interstitial pulmonary edema, ventilation decreases. This results in appreciable shunting via portopulmonary and intrapulmonary communications and in a very low ventilation/perfusion ratio of the dependent lung zones. We consider that application of any formula to separate the effects of tobacco from those of alcohol will produce, at best, approximate values. PMID- 7375414 TI - Consensus on mammography: ultimately, a majority of one. PMID- 7375415 TI - Staff's naughty boy. PMID- 7375416 TI - Xeromammography in screening for breast cancer. AB - Xeromammography is a safe, low-dose type of breast x-ray study that often enables us to detect breast cancer before it is palpable and before it has metastasized. Xeromammographic identification of parenchymal pattern makes possible determination of risk of breast cancer and of appropriate intervals for follow-up mammographic examination. The real hazard is not in performing, but in omitting, xeromammography--a potentially lifesaving examination. PMID- 7375417 TI - Hypertension: strategies for laboratory diagnosis. AB - Although surgically correctable causes account for relatively few cases of hypertension, laboratory investigation is warranted if clinical clues are present. Pheochromocytoma, which triggers hypertension by producing excess catecholamines, can be identified by detecting metabolites of these substances in urine. An abnormal intravenous pyelogram suggests renovascular hypertension, but for definitive diagnosis, bilateral renal vein renin measurements are necessary. In primary aldosteronism, with its characteristic hypokalemia, serum potassium determination remains the most feasible, if not the most accurate, detection method. PMID- 7375418 TI - The big three of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. PMID- 7375419 TI - Relationship of restricted feeding and medication to coccidiosis control. AB - Hubbard breeder pullets were fed a complete pullet developer ration on an ad libitum (AL) or restricted feeding (RF) regimen. The ration either was unmedicated or contained .0125% amprolium, .0125% clopidol, or .0110% monensin. The relationship between the feeding schedule and coccidial infection was determined on the basis of 1) efficacy of the medication in controlling a single infection in susceptible pullets and 2) the development of immunity to subsequent challenge inoculation after a series of immunizing inoculations. Cage-reared, susceptible pullets were inoculated with sporulated oocysts of either. Eimeria tenella, 2 strains of E. acervulina, or E. maxima. With all three medications, the infection with a least one species was more severe, as measured by intestinal lesion score, in the RF pullets than in the corresponding AL pullets. Other pullets were kept for three weeks in floor pens that contained coccidial oocysts to allow natural infection and immunity to develop. The pullets were then transferred to suspended cages to prevent reinfection and fed an unmedicated ration. After one week, the pullets were challenged with the same coccidial strain as that used for immunizing. All pullets initially exposed to coccidia and given no medication were resistant to challenge inoculation. Control pullets are exposed to coccidia during rearing were susceptible to challenge. The administration of anticoccidial drugs (especially monensin) by ad libitum feeding interfered with development of immunity under these conditions, but, when the same drugs were given with a restricted feeding regimen, they did not interfere with development of immunity. PMID- 7375422 TI - Influence of genotype and diet on general performance and incidence of leg abnormalities of commercial broilers reared to roaster weight. AB - Two experiments were conducted to study the influence of genotype and diet on general performance and incidence of leg abnormalities of commercial broiler chickens reared to roaster weight. In Experiment 1 a total of 1960 male day-old chicks of seven different commercial genotypes were housed separately in 14 pens (25.64 m2) with 140 birds per pen and fed one dietary regimen. In experiment 2, 3000 male day-old chicks of two commercial genotypes were randomly assigned to 20 pens (13.54 m2) with 150 birds per pen, and two replicate pens were fed one of the five different dietary regimens designed to promote rapid, intermediate, or slow growth. Differences (P less than .05) were observed among the genotypes tested (Experiment 1) in the incidence of mortality, leg abnormalities, live weight, and feed conversion but not for mean monetary returns per bird housed. In Experiment 2, significant differences (P less than .01) were observed among the dietary regimens tested for live weight, feed conversion, and monetary returns per bird housed. As the protein content of starters, growers, and finishers decreased, body weight decreased but monetary returned improved. Feeding the birds beyond 63 days resulted in substantial reduction in monetary returns. A dietary regimen which included starter, grower, developer, and finisher with 18, 24, 22, and 14% protein, respectively, resulted in significantly better feed conversion and a significantly lower incidence of leg abnormalities. Genotype X diet interactions were considered of no practical importance. PMID- 7375420 TI - The effect of feeding corn molded with Penicillium lanosum to broiler chicks. AB - Penicillium lanosum was isolated from broiler feed obtained from troughs in a house in which the litter was wet and the chicks were substantially smaller than expected at the time of slaughter. Corn was inoculated with the fungus, incubated for 8 weeks, dried, and incorporated in a broiler ration. The ration was fed to broiler chicks for a period of 2 weeks in order to evaluate toxicity. Experimental chicks developed diarrhea and grew slower than the controls. Gross lesions consisted of swollen kidneys and erosions in the lining of the gizzard. Histologic examination revealed mild toxic nephritis and growth of fungus in and on the surface of the gizzard lining. Penicillium lanosum was isolated from the gizzards of affected birds. Diarrhea but no gizzard lesions occurred in birds feld molded corn which had been treated with ethylene oxide. This finding indicates that this isolate of P. lanosum is both toxigenic and capable of producing gizzard erosion. PMID- 7375421 TI - Potassium sorbate dip as a method of extending shelf life and inhibiting the growth of Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus on fresh, whole broilers. AB - In two separate plant studies, the refrigerated shelf life of fresh whole broilers at 3 C was extended by dipping freshly chilled carcasses in a 5% (w/w) solution of potassium sorbate for 1 min. After 7 days, control birds had odor and slime formation and psychrotrophic counts of greater than 10(7)/cm2. Sorbate treated birds showed no spoilage until the 14th or 15th days. Dipping in sorbate also reduced the growth of Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus inoculated onto the broiler carcasses. This study confirmed earlier findings that sorbate is effective in controlling growth of spoilage organisms associated with fresh poultry. PMID- 7375423 TI - The utilization of rye by growing chicks as influenced by calcium, vitamin D3, and fat type and level. AB - Four experiments were conducted with growing chicks to study the effects of feeding rye and wheat diets supplemented with different calcium levels, two types and two levels of fat, and increasing levels of vitamin D3 and to study the interrelationships of these dietary ingredients on chick performance. In Experiment 1, feed conversion efficiency was reduced to a much greater extend (10% vs. 1%) when tallow replaced soybean oil in a rye-based diet containing only .6% calcium compared to a wheat-based diet. When the dietary calcium was increased to 1.1% the replacement of tallow by soybean oil resulted in only a small reduction in feed efficiency for chicks fed either the rye-(3%) or wheat- (1%) based diets. The retention of fat, particularly tallow, was depressed in rye as compared to wheat-fed birds. Fat retention was also influenced by calcium levels. Increasing the dietary calcium from .6 to 1.1% improved tallow (16%) and depressed (7%) soybean oil retention in rye-based diets, whereas in wheat-based diets the retention for both fats was slightly decreased. Experiment 2 showed that the efficiency of utilization of rye diets containing 7.5% tallow was improved by 10% when the level of dietary calcium was increased from .6 to 1.1% while the corresponding improvement in similarly formulated wheat diets was only 1%. The improvement of 2.5% fat, however, was only about 3% for both wheat and rye diets. The results from Experiment 3 showed that in the presence of a large excess of vitamin D3, the depression in the efficiency of utilization of the wheat diet was 13% but was less than 1% for the rye diet. This indicates that rye contains a factor that depresses vitamin D3 absorption. In Experiment 4, when dietary calcium was increased from .80 to 2.00% or when penicillin (200 mg/kg) was added, the improvement in efficiency of feed utilization was greater in chicks fed a rye diet (7%) compared to those fed a wheat diet (1%). The rye diets, however, were always less efficiently utilized than the corresponding wheat diets. Vitamin D supplementation, in contrast, did not affect chick performance. These results show that the performance of chicks fed rye diets is markedly influenced by type and level of dietary fat and the level of dietary calcium. PMID- 7375425 TI - Disease, nutrition--interaction. AB - Practical implications of interactions between disease and vitamins in poultry were sought in the readily available literature. The evidence, almost exclusively in chickens, is in accord with that reported in other animals and man,namely 1) dietary vitamin deficiencies can impair body defense mechanisms against disease and 2) occurrence of disease can increase vitamin requirements. Information on viral infections is inadequate and conflicting. Slight indications exist for positive interactions with ascorbic acid and for antagonistic ones with vitamin A. Studies on bacterial diseases involved 7 organisms, 11 vitamins, and 29 observations of which 25 (86%) indicated positive interactions. Those on parasitic infestations involved 9 organisms, 9 vitamins, and 55 observations of which 34 (82%) indicated interactions. The major evidence for interaction between individual vitamins and disease categories was for vitamin A and ascorbic acid in bacterial infections and for vitamins A and K in parasitic infestations. The numbers of confirming studies on individual diseases and vitamins deemed to be reasonably adequate to demonstrate specific interactions were limited to vitamin A in coccidiosis, in ascariasis, and probably in infectious coryza and of vitamin K in coccidiosis. Despite the paucity of specific and quantitative evidence, it appears likely that vitamin levels in chick rations containing generous margins of safety, as referred, should be adequate to meet the increased requirement caused by most diseases. However, when liver reserves of vitamin A are depleted, notably by severe coccidiosis, the effects may be ameliorated and recovery may be aided by additional vitamin A and possibly other fat-soluble vitamins. Decision for such augmentation, selection of formulation, and mode and duration of administration require collaboration of the pathologist and nutritionist familiar with the particular circumstances. It has not been proven that vitamins exert a pharmacodynamic effect or that they will replace the use of appropriate prophylactic or therapeutic drugs. Multidisciplinary research on specific nutrient requirements as affected by specific disease entities is sorely needed. PMID- 7375424 TI - Vitamin symposium. PMID- 7375426 TI - Temperature and vitamin requirements of the domestic fowl. AB - The basic vitamin requirements of the bird must be more clearly established before the true effects of temperature can accurately be measured. Although the literature reveals progress, the knowledge gained (as in many other fields of scientific investigation) is spotty, contradictory, vague, and intriguing, providing a basis for further planned comprehensive investigation. A review of literature leads to some general conclusions on the effects of temperature on vitamin requirements. 1) Feed consumption regulates vitamin intake, and feed consumption is closely moderated by environmental temperature, both high or low and to a varied extent. 2) Factors involved in management, growth, egg production, light, etc. are very influential interactions. 3) High environmental temperature and subsequent heat stress will result in altered availability and utilization of specific nutrients. 4) There are factors regulating nutrient intake that relate to utilization, such as energy-protein ratio, management, age of bird, and genetic composition of the bird. 5) Care and treatment of feed, age, storage conditions, pelleting, and characteristics of the ingredients are important influences. PMID- 7375427 TI - True metabolizable energy values for poultry of commercial diets measured by bioassay and predicted from chemical data. AB - Data describing 419 commercial poultry feeds and 41 mixtures of feedingstuffs were used to develop multiple linear regression equations for predicting the true metabolizable energy (TME) values of mixed feeds. Equations using the three variable combinations "ether extract, crude fiber, ash" and "ether extract, crude protein, NFE" were equally useful as predictors of TME, explaining about 80% of the variation. The combination "ether extract, crude protein, carbohydrate", used in published equations for predicting apparent metabolizable energy, explained only about 60% of the variation. Equations with four or more variables were not significantly better than the three-variable equations. The commercial data were split into three groups. Equations developed on the separate groups were consistent. The equations are recommended for use with mixed feeds whose parameters fall within the ranges of the values observed in the experiment. PMID- 7375428 TI - Dietary phosphorus levels during growth of brown egg type replacement pullets. AB - Caged Sex-Sal (DeKalb Warren) replacement pullets were fed diets containing .30%, .35%, or .41% available phosphorus from 0 to 20 weeks of age; in a second study pullets were fed the above levels plus a level of .25% available phosphorus from 2 to 20 weeks of age. Some of the pullets were fed diets restricted by 11 to 16% from 8 weeks of age. Reducing the dietary phosphorus did no harm weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, bone ash or total calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels in plasma. There was a very small but significant reduction in weight gain and feed intake when .30% or .35% available phosphorus was fed from 0 to 4 weeks of age, but this difference disappeared at the later ages. With the nonstimulatory lighting schedule used, plasma phosphorus decreased markedly in the latter phase of the studies at all levels of dietary phosphorus and thus represented a nondietary age effect. These results show that dietary available phosphorus for cage, brown egg type pullets on full or restricted feeding programs can be decreased to a level as low as .25% from 2 to 20 weeks, and .30% from hatching to 20 weeks without adverse effect. PMID- 7375429 TI - Fat utilization in relation to intestinal fatty acid binding protein and bile salts in chicks of different ages and different genetic sources. AB - New Hampshire chicks utilized dietary fat more efficiently than did broiler-type or White Leghorn chicks. The difference was more pronounced with tallow than with corn oil. Utilization of fat by all three types of chicks increased until the chicks were about six weeks old. At hatching, the concentration of fatty acid binding protein (FABP) in the intestine of the broiler-type chicks was significantly less than in the New Hampshire and White Leghorn chicks. Concentration of FABP declined during the first 1 to 2 weeks of life and then increased. By four weeks of age the breed differences in concentration of FABP in the intestine were no longer apparent. At some time after four weeks of age, FABP reached maximum concentrations in the intestinal tissue of the chicks of different breeds and thereafter declined as a proportion of the total intestinal tissue. Broiler-type chicks, which did not utilize fat as efficiently as did New Hampshire chicks in the first weeks of life, displayed lower concentrations in the proximal third of the intestine and higher concentrations in the remainder of the intestine than was the case with the New Hampshire chicks. A high level of dietary fat or dietary supplementation with sodium taurocholate increased the concentration of FABP in the intestine. PMID- 7375430 TI - The effects of different protein and energy levels and time of change from starter to finisher ration on the performance of broiler chickens in the tropics. AB - Three experiments were conducted to determine the optimum protein and energy levels for starting and finishing broiler chickens and the optimum time of change from broiler starter rations to broiler chicken finisher rations. We tested four protein levels (17, 20, 23, and 26%), each fed at three energy levels (2800, 3000, and 3200 kcal/kg diet). For starting chickens, maximum weight gains, feed efficiency, and lowest feed cost per kilogram live weight gain were obtained on the rations containing 23 or 26% protein. Differences in dietary energy levels did not significantly affect weight gain and feed consumption. Feed efficiency improved with increase in dietary energy levels although the differences in feed efficiency between any two consecutive groups were not significant. Feed cost tended to increase nonsignificantly with increase in energy level. For finishing broiler chickens, dietary protein level did not have any significant effects on weight gains. The poorest weight gain, feed efficiency, and feed cost per kilogram gain were obtained on the rations containing 17% protein. The differences in feed efficiency between protein levels of 20, 23, and 26% were not significant while no two consecutive protein levels among the 20, 23, and 26% protein diets gave feed cost per kilogram gain that was significantly different from each other. Weight gain, feed consumption, and feed cost per kilogram gain were not significantly affected by dietary energy levels. Efficiency of feed conversion tended to improve with increase in dietary energy levels, although differences in feed efficiency between 3000 and 3200 kcal/kg diet were not significant. Performances of birds fed the starter ration for 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks before changing to the finisher ration were not as good as those fed the starter ration for 5 or 6 weeks before being change) to the finisher ration or those fed the starter ration for the 9 weeks experimental period. The results of the present work indicate that a protein level of 23% and energy level of 2800 to 3000 kcal/kg diet may be recommended for starting broiler chicks raised in Nigeria. For finishing broiler chickens, a protein level of 20% and energy level of 3000 kcal/kg diet may be recommended. The optimum time of change from broiler starter to broiler finisher may be recommended at 5 or 6 weeks of age. PMID- 7375431 TI - Methionine and cystine requirements of growing turkeys. AB - Sulfur amino acid requirements of starting, growing, finishing male Large White turkeys were investigated in three experiments using 3000 turkeys. Requirements were determined by least squares analyses of response curves obtained by supplementing methionine and cystine deficient basal diets with graded levels of DL-methionine and/or L-cystine. Experiments were conducted from 1 to 4, 8 to 12, and 16 to 20 weeks of age. Diets included starch, soybean meal, faba beans, and field peas. Requirements for total sulfur amino acids (TSAA) determined with diets marginally deficient in cystine were .95 to 1.01, .70 to .71, and .43 to .48% of the diet for starting (1 to 4 weeks), growing (8 to 12 weeks), finishing (16 to 20 weeks) turkeys, respectively, in different experiments. On the basis of dietary metabolizable energy, the respective TSAA requirement values (in %/therm) were .298 to .332, .205 to .221, and .128 to .134. Minimum methionine requirements (determined with excess dietary cystine) were .46, .30, and .19% of the diet for starting, growing, and finishing turkeys, respectively. Cystine replacement values, calculated by dividing the maximum usable levels of cystine (TSAA requirements minus methionine requirements) by TSAA requirements were 55, 58, and 57% of the TSAA requirement for starting, growing, and finishing turkeys, respectively. PMID- 7375432 TI - A circadian rhythm in photosensitivity as the basis for the testicular response of Japanese quail to intermittent light. AB - In order to examine the relationship between the circadian rhythm in photosensitivity and intermittent light in stimulating testicular development, Japanese quail were exposed to intermittent light providing a single dark period interruption varying from .5 to 10 hr in duration. The treatment lasted for 3 weeks. Changes in the cloacal gland size were monitored throughout the test and testis weights were taken at the end of the test (7 and 11 weeks of age). The results indicated that quail have a circadian rhythm in photosensitivity occurring approximately 12 hr after the onset of light (dark-light interface) which lasts for 4 to 6 hr. Testicular stimulation occurred only when light was given within the photosensitive phase. However, this rhythm is subject to phase shifting by night interrupting light flashes. This resulted in variable testicular responses depending upon the relationship between the position of the new photosensitive phase and the available light. Photostimulation of the testes was proportional to the duration of light within the photosensitive phase up to a maximum of 4 hr of light. Intermittent light may be as effective as a single, long photoperiod in stimulating testes development providing that an adequate amount of light is given during the photosensitive phase. PMID- 7375433 TI - Calcium-binding proteins in serum of chickens: vitellogenin and albumin. AB - The Ca-binding proteins of hen serum were resolved by gel filtration in 45Ca buffer and were named CaBP(1) and CaBP(2). The major calcium-binding protein, CaBP(1), had a molecular size of 6.0 X 10(5) daltons and appears to be vitellogenin. Deeley et al. (1975) described vitellogenin as the precursor of lipovitellin and phosvitin, the Ca-binding proteins of egg yolk. The present paper demonstrates that "native" vitellogenin is a calcium-binding protein in the serum of laying chickens. The CaBP(2) co-eluted with and was immunologically identical to chicken serum albumin which also bound 45Ca. Data from elution profiles and phosphorus assays indicated that CaBP(1) and CaBP(2) were different from phosvitin and the Ca-binding proteins of the duodenum and uterus. PMID- 7375434 TI - Calcium-binding proteins in serum: quantitative differences between thick and thin shell lines of chickens. AB - Calcium binding by two proteins, vitellogenin and albumin, was measured in serum of a line of hens producing thick (THK) and a line of hens producing thin shells (THN) as well as a line of commercial hens using gel filtration in 45calcium buffer. Vitellogenin was quantitated in serum of THK and THN using a radial immunodiffusion test. Levels of serum calcium were measured and related to the above mentioned parameters. The binding of vitellogenin was significantly greater in 13 THK than 13 THN (672 vs. 508 cpm/ml X 10(-3), but binding by albumin was not significantly different between the two lines (386 vs. 344 cpm/ml X 10(-3). Binding in 11 commercial hens was similar to that for THN. The THK had significantly greater levels of diffusible, non-diffusible, and total serum calcium than THN. Significant positive correlations between total serum calcium and vitellogenin binding were found in THK (.77) and THN (.81) as well as in the commercial hens (.64). Like vitellogenin binding, levels of vitellogenin were significantly greater in THK than THN (4.0 vs. 1.8 mg/ml). These results suggest that in addition to having more diffusible and non-diffusible serum calcium, THK have more calcium binding and more vitellogenin to perform the binding function than THN. PMID- 7375435 TI - Urinary excretion of calcium in the presence or absence of shell formation by chickens producing thick or thin shells. AB - The pattern of urinary calcium excretion before and during shell formation was observed for White Leghorn chickens producing thick or thin shelled eggs. Urine samples were collected at 2.5, 7.5, 12.5, and 20 hr after oviposition. Urine was collected in a tube inserted to cover both ureters within the cloaca and calcium levels were determined by atomic absorption. Urinary calcium was found to decrease similarly in both shell lines from 44 mg % to 5 to 6 mg % during shell formation. When no shell was being produced, hens of both shell lines excreted calcium in the urine at 34 to 53 mg % levels throughout the 20-hr period. PMID- 7375436 TI - Effect of dietary thyroid hormone on growth and feed efficiency of broilers. AB - Broiler chickens were fed corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with either 3,5,3' triiodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine (T4) in five trials. Body weight gain and feed efficiency are reported for four trials. Chickens fed T3 at 1.00 ppm had poorer weight gain and feed efficiency than controls, but T4 at that same dosage did not adversely affect performance. Serum T3, T4, and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) were assayed by radioimmunoassay. T3 or T4 at 1.00 ppm in the diet resulted in respective serum T3 and T4 concentrations approximately three times the control concentration. Dietary T4 at 10 ppm resulted in increased rT3 values after 1, 2, 5, and 6 days of T4 feeding but increased T3 values at 1 day only. T4 was apparently deiodinated to rT3 and toxic concentrations of T3 were not observed during T4 feeding. The data indicate that chickens respond differently to T3 than to T4. PMID- 7375437 TI - Plasma corticosterone radioimmunoassay and levels in the neonate chick. AB - The objective was to develop and validate a rapid, precise plasma corticosterone radioimmunoassay using a commercially available antiserum, for use in Gallus domesticus. Sample preparation consisted of sequential 2,2,4-trimethylpentane and dichloromethane extraction to partition progestins and glucocorticoids, respectively. Progesterone, 11 beta-Hydroxyprogesterone, and deoxycorticosterone significantly cross reacted with the antiserum used. However, progesterone was effectively removed prior to assay by the 2,2,4-trimethylpentane plasma washings while 11 beta-Hydroxyprogesterone and deoxycorticosterone interference is doubtful for reasons discussed. Standard curve data showed a linear range from 0 to 150 pg by log-logit transformation with a 5 pg assay sensitivity. Mean percent unlabeled corticosterone recovery was 96% with intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation being 3.75 and 5.62%, respectively. The assay was utilized to characterize corticosterone fluctuations during day one post hatch in broiler chicks. Method of blood collection, rapid decapitation vs. heart stab, resulted in no difference in mean plasma corticosterone levels. Corticosterone levels differed over a 24 hr sampling period, such that highest levels were found upon receipt of the chicks at the hatchery (approximately 20 ng/ml) and 20 hr later (approximately 11 ng/ml). Lowest plasma corticosterone concentrations occurred from 10 to 14 hr (approximately 6 ng/ml) after receipt of the chicks. PMID- 7375439 TI - Demonstrating biogenic amine-containing cells in the avian lung by the paraformaldehyde perfusion technique. AB - A paraformaldehyde perfusion technique is useful in studying biogenic amine containing cells in the avian lung. In comparison to the frequently used lyophilization technique, the time required to prepare the tissue is greatly reduced. PMID- 7375438 TI - Pinealectomy and light environment effects on testicular and comb development in the 46-day-old broiler cockerel. AB - Four replicate experiments were conducted to determine the effects of pinealectomy and environmental lighting on testes and comb weights in the broiler cockerel. Birds were housed in brooder batteries under a 14L:10D fluorescent white light regime for 2 weeks and then allotted to light-controlled chambers. Surgery was performed when the chicks were 3 to 5 days old. The fluorescent light treatments were 14L:10D green (narrow-band, 545 nm peak), 14L:10D cool white, and constant darkness. At the end of the 46-day experimental period, testes weights were determined and comb weight recorded. Pinealectomy did not affect testes weights or comb development. Darkness significantly (P less than .05) depressed testes and comb weight. This suggests that lack of light, but not pinealectomy, affects circulating hormone levels and/or tissue responsiveness in the young cockerel. PMID- 7375442 TI - Gut clearance and true metabolizable energy value of dehydrated alfalfa supplemented with sodium chloride. AB - Dehydrated alfalfa (30 g), supplemented with .00, .15, .30, .45, or .60 g of sodium chloride, was force-fed to starved adult White Leghorn cockerels. The rate of clearance of alfalfa residues was not affected by the supplemental salt; there was a high level of variability between birds within treatment groups. The true metabolizable energy value of the alfalfa was unchanged by the salt. PMID- 7375440 TI - Effect of vitamins on the incidence of mortality and acute death syndrome ("flip over") in broiler chickens. AB - Eight different vitamin mixtures were each fed to 6 replicate pens (150 birds/pen) of day-old Cobb chicks in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effect of biotin, pyridoxine, and thiamine singly or in combination and the effect of feeding these vitamins in addition to the standard vitamins at two and four times their required level on mortality and incidence of acute death syndrome (ADS) or "flip-over" of broiler chickens. Further additions of the standard vitamins and the addition of thiamine to the standard vitamin mixture significantly (P less than .05) increased 28-day live weights. The addition of biotin or thiamine significantly (P less than .05) improved feed conversion. Monetary returns were reduced for those diets involving multiple additions of vitamins due to increased feed costs. Total mortality and mortality attributed to ADS appeared to be reduced by the inclusion of additional vitamins. The inclusion of biotin alone significantly reduced total mortality (P less than .005) and mortality due to ADS (P less than .05). PMID- 7375441 TI - Dietary salt and pullet development. AB - White Leghorn pullets were fed corn-soybean meal diets containing .25 (control), .175, or .1% supplemental salt to 20 weeks of age, followed by a regular laying diet to 36 weeks of age. Body weight and feed intake of the growing pullet was significantly reduced with .1% salt compared to other treatments, while in early production these same birds produced fewer eggs compared with birds fed .25% salt during rearing. It is concluded that manipulation of dietary salt levels may be used to delay sexual maturity. PMID- 7375444 TI - Are things what they seem? Or is visions about? PMID- 7375443 TI - The effect of sodium pentobarbital on the preservation of fertilizing capacity of turkey spermatozoa. AB - The effect of sodium pentobarbital in modified glycine citrate extender on the preservation of fertilizing capacity of turkey spermatozoa was tested. Extended semen samples were stored for 6 or 24 hr at 4 C before insemination. Although there was an indication that the addition of 120 mg of sodium pentobarbital per 1 liter of extender was beneficial at 24 hr storage, the difference was not statistically significant. PMID- 7375445 TI - Ectopic errors. PMID- 7375446 TI - Chemical synthesis of nucleoside-gamma-[32P]triphosphates of high specific activity. AB - A simple chemical procedure for the preparation of four common ribonucleoside 5 gamma-[32P]triphosphates of high specific activity (up to 10 Ci/mmole) based on the condensation of orthophosphoric acid with the corresponding nucleoside 5 diphosphate in the presence of ethyl chloroformate as well as the methods of purification and identification of the products are described. PMID- 7375447 TI - Synthesis of S-erucyl coenzyme A. AB - A convenient synthesis of erucyl CoA from N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of erucic acid and coenzyme A is reported. The product has been fully characterized from its spectral and hydrolysis data. The yield is superior to the acid chloride or mixed anhydride methods where side reactions seem to reduce the yield. PMID- 7375449 TI - A molecular sieving method for preparing erythrocyte membranes. AB - The most widely used methods for preparing erythrocyte membranes are time consuming, since they involve repeated steps of centrifugation and washing. We have found that membranes can be prepared in a rapid and simple way by molecular sieve chromatography on a Sepharose 4B column. Two sizes of columns have been used, one 9-ml column to prepare about 1 mg of membrane proteins in 10 min and one 2-litre column for larger amounts (up to 200 mg in 15 min). The optimal pH and phosphate concentration for the separation of hemoglobin from the membranes were found to be 7.5 and 5 mM, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) electrophoretic analysis of the membrane proteins prepared by centrifugation and by this new method shows similar protein compositions. PMID- 7375448 TI - A simple procedure for the purification of bovine fibrin from clotted blood by the use of detergents. AB - A rapid and simple procedure for the preparation, directly from clotted whole blood, of bovine fibrin free of cell membrane contaminants is described. The procedure exploits the ability of detergents to solubilize and extract cell membrane proteins from homogenized clot fragments. The non-denaturing detergents, TX-100 and DOC, used in sequence, or the denaturing detergent, SDS, used alone, proved equally effective. The resulting fibrin has the solubility properties and the subunit composition on SDS gels of highly cross-linked fibrin. PMID- 7375450 TI - An improved method for isolation of Ca2+ binding cyanogen bromide peptides from rabbit skeletal muscle troponin C. AB - A cyanogen bromide digest of troponin C from rabbit skeletal muscle yields two biologically active Ca2+ binding peptides. A simple, one-step method for the simultaneous purification, in high yield, of these two peptides is presented. PMID- 7375451 TI - [Use of teronak for the treatment of obesity with and without diabetes mellitus]. AB - The anorectic drug teronak (made by "Sandoz") was used in the treatment of 73 obese patients, 34 of whom suffered from diabetes mellitus. The drug is well tolerated and had no side effects. Its positive action on the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism was noted during the treatment. The mean loss of weight after a 12-week treatment constituted 10.1 +/- 0.6 kg. PMID- 7375452 TI - [Hemodynamics and myocardial contractility in chromophobe adenoma of the pituitary gland after conservative, and surgical treatment]. AB - Mechano- and polycardiographic methods were applied before and after the treatment to study the cardiovascular system in 35 patients suffering from chromophobic adenoma of the hypophysis. Both conservative treatment with the use of gamma irradiation and surgical removal of the tumour leads to normalization of hemodynamic parameters. Contractile capacity of the myocardium remained unchanged after gamma therapy and diminished after surgical treatment. PMID- 7375456 TI - [Brigade method of work in a tuberculosis dispensary]. PMID- 7375453 TI - [Dynamics of development of the interstitial tissue and seminiferous tubules in the testis of human fetuses]. AB - Morphological changes in the testis of human fetuses (period of embryogenesis- from 8 to 28 weeks) during their differentiation were studied by histological and morphological methods. Investigations carried out demonstrated that complete cycle of transformation in the intestitial and embryonic tissue of the fetal testis could be divided into two main periods: the first period was attended by a gradual increase in the count and differentiation of Heydig's cells in the interstitial tissue (from the 8th to the 12th week of embryogenesis); gradual involution of Leydig's cells in the interstitial tissue and development of seminiferous tubules prevailed during the second period (from the 15th to the 28th week of embryogenesis). In the course of prenatal development of the human fetus testis Leydig's cells passed through a number of successive stages, each one being characterized by a definite functional activity level of these cells. The detected changes in the testes were apparently connected both with the changes in the Leydig's cells count and their functional activity, and with progressive growth of the tubules. PMID- 7375454 TI - [Various properties of partially purified dexamethasone receptor complexes of the rat liver]. AB - A 300-fold purification of glucocorticosteroid-receptor complexes (GRC) of the rat liver with the 10--25% yield was conducted by combining the methods of binding with DNA-cellulose and salting out with ammonium sulfate at 30% saturation. An important feature of this method was a preponderant removal of protein admixtures capable of dissociation with DNA. In comparison of column chromatography and batch-procedure the latter proved to possess a number of advantages. Some properties of partially purified GRC were also studied. As revealed, the purified GRC which rapidly decomposed at 2 degrees C, could be partially stabilized by addition of inert protein, glycerine, SH-reagents and an excess of dexamethazone. Under such conditions about 13% of the initial amount of purified GRC was preserved after a week of storage at 2 degrees C. Determination of purified GRC content in the preparation by sorption on dextran coated carbon gave sharply diminished results; as to the method of oxyapatite sorption--it proved to be adequate. In comparing the GRC properties without and after the purification demonstrated that sedimentation and other properties of these preparations largely coincided. GRC-acceptor capacity of one- and two-chain DNA depended to a different degree on cytoplasmic admixtures in the GRC preparation removed in its purification. PMID- 7375455 TI - [Mechanism of the effect of thyroid hormones on renal function]. AB - Chronic experiments were conducted on 32 dogs; it was shown that thyroxin (T4) administered in a dose of 50 micrograms/kg into the renal artery through the implanted catheter produced a primary action on the tubular apparatus of the kidney inducing natriuresis from the first minutes in the experimental kidney. High T4 doses (200 micrograms/kg) activated renal hemodynamics as well. Natriuretic effect of T4 was not eliminated by alpha- and beta-adrenoblocker. Triiodthyronine (T3) manifested a direct action on the vascular apparatus of the kidney from the first minutes. Its activating effect on hemodynamics (in the same way as that of T4) is eliminated or diminished by beta-adrenoblockers. PMID- 7375457 TI - [Effectiveness of the ambulatory treatment of patients with newly detected minor forms of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7375458 TI - [Effectiveness of the intermittent antibacterial therapy of tuberculosis patients in the Algerian People's Democratic Republic]. PMID- 7375459 TI - [Clinical x-ray characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis detected during prophylactic examinations and its treatment effectiveness]. PMID- 7375460 TI - [Rapid intravenous administration of isoniazid in treating newly detected destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7375461 TI - [Differential diagnosis of infiltrative processes in patients with residual tuberculotic changes in the lungs]. PMID- 7375462 TI - [Ultrasonic massage in the overall treatment of the cerebrospinal disorders in spinal tuberculosis]. PMID- 7375463 TI - [Nonspecific urinary microflora after sigmocystoplasty in tuberculosis of the urinary system]. PMID- 7375464 TI - [Patterns of the healing processes of the tuberculotic lung cavern]. PMID- 7375465 TI - [Antifibrotic action of sodium succinate in experimental tuberculosis]. PMID- 7375466 TI - [Evaluation of the nature of the hepatotoxic action of isoniazid, rifamicin, ethambutol and their combinations against a background of prolonged alcohol administration]. PMID- 7375467 TI - [Mycobacteriosis caused by M. fortuitum]. PMID- 7375468 TI - [Introduction of innovative proposals into the practice of the bacteriology laboratories of tuberculosis institutions]. PMID- 7375469 TI - [Degree of epidemiological hazard of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis recurrences]. PMID- 7375470 TI - Clearance and secretion rates of prolactin in dairy cattle in various physiological states. PMID- 7375471 TI - Mechanical function and metabolism of working rat hearts perfused with the negative chronotropic agent mixidine fumarate. PMID- 7375472 TI - The influence of hypotaurine on taurine transport in isolated renal cortex tubules. PMID- 7375473 TI - Dopamine and epinephrine infusion reduce clearance rate of rat prolactin in the female rat. PMID- 7375474 TI - Partial cross-resistance of cultured murine leukemia vincristine-resistant P388 cells to 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin ethylidene-beta-D-glucoside. PMID- 7375475 TI - The biodistribution of exogenous [35S]heparin in the dog. PMID- 7375476 TI - Pulmonary O2 toxicity: energy metabolism and data analysis. PMID- 7375477 TI - Electrophysiological investigation of sympathetic cardiac afferent fibers. PMID- 7375478 TI - [Mycoses and antimycotics. II. Active ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations against fungi]. PMID- 7375479 TI - [Basic principles in homeopathic therapy and limits of phytotherapy]. PMID- 7375480 TI - [Study of hydramine cleavage]. PMID- 7375481 TI - Feeding elicited by benzodiazepine-like chemicals in puppies and cats: structure activity relationships. PMID- 7375482 TI - Corticosterone effects on rat brain template active region chromatin. AB - The effect of prenatal exposure to corticosterone on brain chromatin was examined. Pregnant Fischer inbred rats were administered corticosterone or saline on Days 17 and 18 of gestation and their offspring examined at 0 (day of birth), 2, 3, 4 or 6 days of age. In utero exposure to corticosterone was associated with a 24 hr delay of a developmental peak in the percentage of brain template active region chromatin. Brain and body weights of the steroid and saline-treated animals were similar, but corticosterone led to a temporary decrease in body and brain weight at 2 days of age which was reversed at 6 days of age. These results of these studies suggest an impact of corticosterone on brain gene expression. PMID- 7375483 TI - Ethanol intakes and preferences in the desalivate rat. AB - Desalivate and control rats were tested for ethanol versus water preference (5%, 10% and 20% (v/v) ethanol solutions). Each concentration of ethanol was presented for six days in an ascending, descending, or mixed presentation schedule. Following preference tests, intakes of first 10% (15 days), then 5% (15 days), and finally 10% (5 days) ethanol as the only available fluid were determined. Blood ethanol concentrations were measured (22:00 hr, 24:00 hr, 02:00 hr) during the final 10% ethanol intake test. Desalivate and control rat showed similar aversions to ethanol at all concentrations with relative ethanol intake being a negative function of concentration. During ethanol and water intake for both groups intake of 10% ethanol was reduced significantly from water baseline levels. Although desalivates consumed as much ethanol as controls, their blood ethanol concentrations at all times tested were slightly lower than controls. During the ethanol intake test desalivate rats lost body weight, while control rats gained body weight. PMID- 7375484 TI - A role for environmental factors in the production of digitalis toxicity. AB - The purpose of our study was to learn whether changes in the external milieu could affect the lethality of ouabain. We found that guinea pigs experiencing restraint stress for the first time showed a greater susceptibility to the lethal effects of ouabain (175 microgram/kg IP) than non-stressed controls. Adaptation to the restraint procedure abolished this sensitization. This effect related to repeated experience with restraint and not to repeated human handling because repeatedly handled guinea pigs still showed sensitization to the lethal effect of ouabain (200 microgram/kg IP) when restrained for the first time. These data indicate that environmental factors will have to be considered in addition to changes in the internal milieu when trying to explain individual differences in sensitivity to toxicity while taking constant doses of digitalis. PMID- 7375486 TI - Scopolamine and KCl injections into the caudate nucleus. Overtraining-induced protection against deficits of learning. AB - To test the hypothesis that extended training of an instrumental task prevents the performance impairments seen after cholinergic and generalized blockade of caudate-putamen complex (NC) activity in animals with a relatively low degree of training, groups of rats were trained to press a lever under a continuous reinforcement schedule for 5, 15 or 25 sessions; The effects of microinjections of scopolamine and potassium chloride into the CN were then assessed. In agreement with early studies in cats, a significant deficit in performance was produced in the animals with a low or medium degree of training, while no changes in learned behavior were seen in the overtained rats. These results show that: (a) normal neural activity of the CN is essential for performance of instrumental behavior during acquisition and early maintenance stages but not after overtraining, and (b) that after extended training the encoding necessary for performance may be transferred to another neural system outside the CN. PMID- 7375485 TI - Suppression by lithium of voluntary alcohol intake in the rat: mechanism of action. AB - Subjects were 70 Wistar rats showing either low preference for aversive alcohol solutions or a high preference induced by hypothalamic stimulation. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that a large lithium chloride injection.(3 meq/kg) suppressed alcohol intake only if alcohol was tasted. Pairing lithium contiguously with water or intubed alcohol failed to reduce subsequent alcohol intake despite the concurrent presence of high serum lithium levels. In Experiments 3 and 4 a series of seven lithium injections increased rather than decreased alcohol intake if lithium was allowed to accumulate in the blood and brain during alcohol exposure while the transitory sickness associated with each injection was prevented from association with the taste of alcohol. When sickness was allowed to occur during alcohol exposure a suppression of intake resulted after two injections. Contrary to current interpretations these results suggest that the suppression of voluntary alcohol intake by acute and chronic lithium administration is due to a learned taste aversion rather than to a pharmacological mechanism specific to alcohol; PMID- 7375487 TI - The effects of chlorimipramine and protriptyline on tube running activity in mice. AB - We have developed a new technique, tube running activity, to study the effects of drugs on a specific behaviour in mice. The time it takes for a mouse to run 100 cm in a narrow tube is measured. The effects on tube running activity of chlorimipramine, a relatively specific blocker of the amine pump in the 5 hydroxytryptaminergic neurons, and protriptyline, a relatively specific blocker of the amine pump in the noradrenergic neurons, were studied. During the first two hours after the administration of chlorimipramine 7.5 mg/kg IP there was a decreased run time as compared with controls. The run time could not be further decreased by increasing the dose of chlorimipramine, but the effect was prolonged. Protriptyline in the dose range of 3.75-30 mg/kg IP had no observable effect on the run time, but protriptyline 60 mg/kg IP decreased the run time in the same way as chlorimipramine 60 mg/kg IP did. The decreased run time after protriptyline 60 mg/kg IP is probably due to a blockade of the amine pump in the 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons at this high dose. Our results suggest that tube running activity more specifically measures functional effects of 5 hydroxytryptamine than functional effects of noradrenaline. PMID- 7375488 TI - Effects of d-amphetamine and fenfluramine on feeding pattens and activity of obese and lean Zucker rats. AB - The effects of two doses of d-amphetamine and fenfluramine on male Zucker rats maintained ad lib on solid and liquid diets were investigated using the technique of meal pattern analysis. Amphetamine-induced anorexia was of short duration in both obese and lean rats. In the lean rats, anorexia was followed by rebound feeding resulting in little or no reduction in total daily intake. The drug reduced meal sizes of obese but not lean rats and caused a transient decrease in meal frequency. Increased spontaneous activity paralleled the decreased food intake. In contrast, anorexia following fenfluramine was greater, more prolonged and of equivalent magnitude in obese and in lean rats. No rebound feeding was observed. Reduction in intake was achieved primarily by changes in meal size rather than in meal frequency. These data demonstrate that food intakes of genetically obese Zucker rats are more susceptible to the action of d-amphetamine than those of lean rats, and are consistent with reports of differential neurotransmitter levels in the obese and lean rats. PMID- 7375489 TI - Strain specific alterations in hippocampal cholinergic function following acute footshock. PMID- 7375490 TI - Effects of neonatal and adult 6-hydroxydopamine treatment on random-interval behavior. AB - Rats were given intraventricular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HDA) or saline-ascorbate vehicle as neonates (3-days old) and as adults (49 and 51 days old). At 73 days of age, they were trained on a random interval 90-sec schedule of water reinforcement. The rats treated with 6-HDA as adults stabilized at response rates approximately twice those of vehicle-treated rats, while rats treated with 6-HDA as neonates showed response rates which were not significantly different from vehicle-treated rats; Both L-Dopa and apomorphine decreased response rates at all doses tested. There were no differences among the groups with respect to the effect of these drugs. Adult-treated rats showed greater response rate decreases following peripheral decarboxylase inhibition with Ro 4 4602. Catecholamine analyses revealed the rats treated with 6-HDA as neonates had greater depletions in the striatum and the remainder of telencephalon than adult treated rats but an increase in brainstem norepinephrine. These findings suggest that age of treatment is an important determinant of the biochemical and behavioral effects of treatment with 6-HDA. PMID- 7375491 TI - DRL performance in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats. AB - Adult rats were given intraventricular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HDA) or saline-ascorbate vehicle prior to exposure to a differential-reinforcement-of-low rate (DRL) 18-sec schedule of water reinforcement. The 6-HDA treatment did not alter the acquisition or maintenance of DRL performance despite large depletions of dopamine and norepinephrine in brain. The 6-HDA treatment completely blocked the response rate-increasing effects of amphetamine but did not alter the rate decreasing effects of amphetamine on DRL performance. These findings suggest that 6-HDA-treated rats are able to responsd to the contingencies necessary to maintain reinforcement on a DRL schedule. PMID- 7375492 TI - Effect of acute ethanol ingestion on integrated plasma prolactin levels in normal men. AB - Healthy male subjects ingested 1.0 g ethanol/kg (Alcohol Day) and caloric equivalents of sucrose (Control Day). Plasma prolactin was determined on samples collected at 20-min intervals by serial constant blood exfusion, from 2 hr before to 4 hr after the drink. In 14 of the 15 men studied, plasma prolactin levels during the 2-hr period after alcohol administration were elevated an average of 31% above values for the preceding 2-hr period. Data pooled for all subjects revealed a small but statistically significant increase in prolactin coinciding with ascending and peak concentrations of blood alcohol. A significant increment in prolactin was associated with peak blood alcohol levels when values were compared between control and alcohol treatment days. Although of statistical significance, these transient and variable increases were within the normal range of basal prolactin levels for most subjects and are unlikely to be physiologically meaningful. PMID- 7375493 TI - Amphetamine discrimination: onset of the stimulus. AB - Rats were trained to discriminate 1.0 mg/kg (+)-amphetamine sulfate from saline in a two-lever operant procedure. The normal injection-to-session interval was fifteen minutes. When tested with amphetamine immediately after intraperitoneal injection, rats initially responded on the lever paired with saline in training, but quickly shifted to the lever paired with amphetamine in training. When tested with saline immediately after immediately after injection, animals responded appropriately for the saline treatment throughout the extinction test. The results show that (+)-amphetamine exerts discriminative response control within five minutes of intraperitioneal injection. PMID- 7375494 TI - Effect of lethal doses of morphine on brain amines in isolated and aggregated mice. AB - Brain levels of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin were measured in isolated and aggregated mice after lethal doses of morphine. Although morphine significantly lowered all three brain monoamines there were no significant differences between isolated and aggregated mice. Measurements of brain morphine concentrations also failed to demonstrate any differences which could account for the difference in lethality observed in isolated and aggregated mice. PMID- 7375495 TI - Apomorphine and glycoprotein synthesis in rat hippocampus. AB - Apomorphine intrahippocampally injected at a dose of 5 microgram led to a significant increase in incorporation of (3H)-fucose into total proteins of this brain area, whereas 40 microgram led to a significant decrease in comparison to controls, providing further evidence for the existence of dopaminoceptive structures in the hippocampus of rats and their significance for glycoprotein metabolism. PMID- 7375497 TI - Alcoholism: a family illness. Fourth annual conference on alcoholism. February 22 23, 1980, El Paso, Texas. Abstracts. PMID- 7375496 TI - Effect of serotonin on Y-maze retention and hippocampal protein synthesis in rats. AB - The effect of serotonin (5-HT) on consolidation of a brightness discrimination reaction was investigated in rats. Five microgram 5-HT, injected intrahippocampally immediately after training, impaired retention of the brightness discrimination tested 24 hr later. In biochemical experiments, leucine incorporation into hippocampal proteins in vivo was 32% inhibited by 5 microgram 5-HT. Leucine incorporation into proteins of hippocampal slices in vitro was decreased by 5 x 10(-5)M 5-HT. The results seem to support Essman's assumption that inhibition of brain protein synthesis by 5-HT may be responsible for the memory impairment. But also some other possibilities for a mechanism of 5-HT amnesia must be discussed. PMID- 7375498 TI - Studies on cardioactive steroids. IV. Influence of nitrate ester formation on cardiac and extracardiac activity. AB - The effects of 19 nitrate esters of genins and glycosides on the isolated guinea pig atrium and ileum were studied. The positive inotropic effect of glycoside nitrates correlated with the contracting effect on the ileum. Genin nitrates with weak cardiac activity were found to exert smooth muscle relaxing effects. Compared to genin nitrates, glyceryl trinitrate had a weaker relaxing effect on the ileum. On the coronary strip it had a stronger effect than delta 14 anhydrodigitoxigenin-3 beta-mononitrate, the most effective smooth muscle relaxing genin nitrate. PMID- 7375499 TI - Age-associated changes in tissue distribution and uptake of 3H-digoxin in mice and guinea pigs. AB - The influence of age on tissue distribution of digoxin in mice and guinea pigs and uptake by mouse heart slices was investigated. 4 h after a single dose of 3 H digoxin, tissue:plasma ratios were significantly greater in very young animals and declined with increasing age. A similar relationship was apparent for packed red blood cell:plasma concentration ratios in mice. Uptake of 3H-digoxin by heart tissue slices was also higher for 21-day-old mice than 200-day-old mice. These data seem to correlate with the larger volume of distribution of digoxin observed in the young. Tissue digoxin relative to plasma concentration seems higher in the young, although they appear less sensitive to the effects of cardiac glycosides. PMID- 7375500 TI - Effects of paired analogs of angiotensin II and angiotensin III on rat smooth muscle. AB - The effects of several paired analogs of angiotensin II and angiotensin III, designed as antagonists, have been compared in isolated smooth muscle (rat uterus) and by in vivo rat blood pressure assay. These analogs were (1) the angiotensin II series: (1-sarcosine, 7-X, 8-isoleucine-) angiotensin II, and (2) the angiotensin III series: (1-despartyl, 7-X, 8-isoleucine)angiotensin II, where X=sarcosine, N-methyl-L-alanine or DL-nipecotic acid. All of these analogs had very low pressor and myotropic activities in the vagotomized, ganglion-blocked rat and the isolated rat uterus, respectively, although the angiotensin II analogs had significantly higher intrinsic pressor activity than the angiotensin III analogs. In addition, the angiotensin II analogs were potent antagonists of the contractile response to angiotensin II in the rat uterus whereas the angiotensin III analogs were weak inhibitors. These observations demonstrate the existence of functional differences for the proline residue in angiotensin II and angiotensin III analogs and may reflect differences in conformation and modes of binding to smooth muscle receptors between the two classes of peptides. PMID- 7375501 TI - Influence of ethanol on histamine metabolism and release in the rat brain. II. Regions of the histaminergic pathway. AB - Following acute alcohol administration (80-160 mg/100 g body weight) histamine levels of rat brain cortex and thalamus were elevated and histidine decarboxylase activity was decreased. The effect was less pronounced after chronic alcohol treatment (15% v/v in drinking water for 4 weeks). In the striatum there was no change in the metabolic pattern of histamine. Histamine-N-methyltransferase was unaffected in either case. Depolarisation-induced release of histamine was inhibited by alcohol in the hypothalamus, thalamus and cortex. The results indicate that ethanol affects the histamine metabolism and release processes in the histaminergic pathway of the brain. PMID- 7375504 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of the effect of rhein on the surface morphology of the rat colonic mucosa. PMID- 7375503 TI - Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in alcoholic extracts of Cucumis trigonus Roxburghii. A preliminary communication. AB - Alcoholic extract of Cucumis trigonus was studied for analgesic activity by tail clip method in mice with pethidine hydrochloride as standard drug and by hydrochloric acid-induced writhing in mice using sodium salicylate as standard drug for comparison. ED50 of the extract was found to be 2.5 +/- 1.9 and 2.5 +/- 1.7 mg/kg in the two methods, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied in carrageenin-induced oedema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma using phenylbutazone as a standard drug for comparison. In both the methods the extract exhibited statistically significant activity. PMID- 7375505 TI - Mitochondrial uncoupling activity as a possible base for a laxative and antipsoriatic effect. PMID- 7375506 TI - Metabolism of sennosides and rhein in the rat. PMID- 7375502 TI - The effects of phencyclidine and three analogues on motor performance in mice. AB - A measure of motor impairment in which mice were required to climb to the top of an inverted screen was used to study the effects of phencyclidine. The time course of effects of phencyclidine after intravenous, intraperitoneal and per os administrations was compared. The intravenous route resulted in a rapid peak effect of activity and phencyclidine was most potent by this route. Peak effects of phencyclidine were seen by 30 min after intraperitoneal and per os administrations and the decline in activity was not very different with these two routes. However, greater peak effects were seen with intraperitoneal than per os administration. The effects of phencyclidine were also compared to ketamine, N ethyl-phenylcyclohexylamine (PCE) and 1-[1-(2-thienyl)-cyclohexyl]-piperidine (TCP). The order of potency was PCE greater than phencyclidine greater than TCP greater than ketamine. PCE, phencyclidine and TCP had similar time courses of activity, whereas ketamine was shorter acting. PMID- 7375508 TI - Public school physical therapists: role definition and educational needs. AB - Questionnaires returned by 328 physical therapists were analyzed to 1) establish a role definition for public school therapists and 2) determine the educational needs of therapists preparing for public school service. The therapists ranked 15 skills in importance to the role of the public school physical therapist and in urgency of their need to develop each skill. They also indicated which educational format they believed would be most appropriate for developing each skill. The respondents were divided into four groups matched by experience in treating children and by exposure to public school physical therapy. Rank-order correlations within each of these four groups showed little similarity in their perception of the public school therapist's role or in their own educational needs. On the other hand, between-group correlations based on averaged role definitions and educational needs were high. Generated role definitions indicated the tendency of therapists to perceive themselves as part of the traditional medical model, rather than as participants in the educational process. Responses to questions about educational needs produced data useful for organizations developing educational programs. PMID- 7375507 TI - Oxalated, sulphated and primary glycosides. PMID- 7375509 TI - Effects of elbow position on motor conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of the ulnar nerve motor axons to conduct an evoked action potential at three elbow positions (0 degrees, 90 degrees, and 120 degrees). The latency (from above and below elbow), negative phase amplitude, and duration of the evoked action potential were used to evaluate the effect of elbow position on 50 normal men. The results indicate that latency of the response, negative-phase amplitude, and duration of the evoked action potential did not vary with the elbow position. Clinical implications for the performance of motor nerve conduction studies for the ulnar nerve are presented. Suggestions for arm position during the motor nerve conduction studies are included. PMID- 7375511 TI - Iodine iontophoresis in reducing scar tissue. PMID- 7375510 TI - Differentiation of learning disabled children from normal children using four coordination tasks. AB - Fifty 8-year-old children, 25 classified as normal and 25 as learning disabled, participated in a study to determine whether they could be differentiated into their respective groups by using four tasks from the Devereux Test of Extremity Coordination: opposition, foot patting, finger wiggling, and heel-toe walking with the eyes closed. Each chilld received numerical scores based on the number of times he could perform a task in 10 seconds. A stepwise discriminant function analysis revealed that two tasks, opposition and foot patting, were significant discriminating variables. A resulting discriminant function prediction equation showed that, according to the results of the tasks tested, 78 percent of the sample had been correctly classified by previous methods. PMID- 7375513 TI - Lapboard modification to help support a flaccid upper extremity. PMID- 7375514 TI - Research writing tips: method section. PMID- 7375512 TI - Standard functional goals. PMID- 7375515 TI - Seat for standing walker. PMID- 7375516 TI - Appreciation for advice. PMID- 7375517 TI - More about muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7375519 TI - [Familial recurrent phlebitis due to deficiency of antithrombin III. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors report the case of a young woman aged 29, mother of 2 children, presenting a post-phlebitic syndrome with hyperalgic capillaritic ulcer, a 10 year history of serious thrombophlebitic episodes with repeated pulmonary embolism despite heparin therapy, and reports of similar episodes in the family, some of which proved fatal. Haematological study showed a clear diminution in progressive antithrombin activity. A discussion follows on the clinical and haematological aspects of this constitutional and familial deficiency, which has been known since 1965 (Egelberg). The relative rarity of this condition should not prevent the routine search (by combined functional, immunological and chromogenic estimation) in the presence of repeated thrombosis, and when the thrombosis is biologically resistant to heparin : in such cases, the indication for long term treatment with vitamin K antagonists is undeniable. PMID- 7375520 TI - [Destruction of residual varicose collaterals by subcutaneous dilaceration with a needle]. AB - The persistence of collaterals after a properly conducted surgical treatment of varicose veins of the lower limbs often presents a problem which is difficult to resolve. The authors put forward a simple and original method, in which a long and slightly curved triangular needle is used, without incisions, to destroy by dilaceration the collaterals whatever their degree of dilatation and their location. This technique has also been used as a first stage preceding stripping, and over a 5 year period has given results in 70 patients which are very satisfactory both from the point of view of efficacy as well as from the aesthetic point of view. PMID- 7375518 TI - [Value of hemodilution in the prevention of post-operative thromboses]. AB - The principal consequence of normovolaemic haemodilution is an increase in the venous return. We have studied the effects of two different levels of pre operative haemodilution on the incidence of post-operative thromboembolic complications in 5 004 patients. We monitored pulse, arterial pressure, central venous pressure and diuresis. Losses of blood, water and electrolytes were made up by perfusions of Ringerlactate or solution of balanced Gelatin Fluid. Where significant haemorrhage occurred, these solutions were used alternately with transfusions. According to the level of the haematocrit on the day following operation, the patients undergoing major surgery (1 388 cases) were divided into 3 groups. Group A (307 cases) had a haematocrit less than or equal to 32 %, Group B (497 cases) had a haematocrit between 32 and 38 %, and Group C (control) (584 cases) had a haematocrit greater than or equal to 38 %. The percentages of complications in each group were as follows : Group A = 0 % - Group B = 0.2 % - Group C = 1.8 %. Our favourable clinical impression in regard to Group B was confirmed by a double blind study carried out with the clinicians concerned. We could not find any complication referable to the use of this method. PMID- 7375521 TI - ["Blue phlebitis" by thrombosis of the inferior vena cava on top of dysplastic stenosis]. AB - A case of dysplastic stenosis of the infra-renal segment of inferior vena cava, with acute thrombosis and ischaemia of the left lower limb, is reported. Emergency thrombectomy, with pre- and post-surgery anticoagulant therapy, resulted in perfect recovery. As a comment on this case, various types of vena cava dysplasia, and possible causes of vena cava thrombosis, are briefly reviewed. PMID- 7375522 TI - [Mesotherapy in phlebology]. PMID- 7375523 TI - [Germs isolated from vascular ulcers of the lower limb]. PMID- 7375524 TI - [Early diagnosis of saphenous insufficiency]. AB - For an adequate treatment of varicose veins of the lower limbs, it is essential to detect underlying saphenous insufficiency as soon as possible. Clinical examination alone will permit us to diagnose saphenous insufficiency right at the earliest moment. This can be classified into three categories, according to the degree of development: definite (saphenous vein tortuous and very dilated); probable (saphenous vein linear and slightly dilated); possible (saphenous vein appears normal). The article contains the criteria for diagnosis for each of these categories, and also the management to be adopted in each case. PMID- 7375525 TI - [Short strippings combined with sclerotherapy]. PMID- 7375526 TI - [Programmed-release dihydroergotamine in current phlebological practice and its value in cases resistant to other therapies]. PMID- 7375527 TI - [Angiodysplasias]. AB - The angiodysplasias represent a "disease of the vasculo-connective tissue system", the cells of the primitive area vasculosa being simultaneously histoblastic and haemoblastic. This accounts for the many facets of the clinical picture and the nosology. The slightest deviation in ontogenetic organization involves one or more malformations which embryology unfolds in the course of the various stages of development, provided that the importance of vasculo-connective tissue correlations and hydraulic factors is never forgotten. The problem of nosological classification is very difficult ; many have attempted it, including the School of Nancy with Kissel and Andre, that of Milan with Puglionisi, that of Schobinger and Leu, that of J. Natali... it remains to classify the clinical picture presented in one or another list. PMID- 7375528 TI - [Therapeutic problems posed by various angiodysplasias]. AB - The clinical and anatomical aspects of the angiodysplasias are multiple and numerous classifications have been proposed. After review of a more simple classification put forward by Natali and Merland based on the contribution of superselective arteriography, consideration is given to a therapeutic approach for each angiodysplasia. Whereas for a long time the only therapeutic alternatives have been between surgery and no surgery, improved arteriographic understanding of these lesions has now permitted improved treatment, by surgery or by embolization or by the combination of the two methods. Finally the fields of the pure arterial dysplasias and the rares phacomatoses are considered, with a therapeutic scheme in each case. PMID- 7375529 TI - [Vascular dysplasias of the hand]. AB - The author presents 4 cases of angiodysplasia of the hand. The first is an angioma of the thumb, with active arteriovenous communications, leading the author to analyze the difficulties inherent in the surgical treatment of cirsoid aneurysms. The second is a limited digital arteriovenous angioma, this group being easily operable. The remaining two are extensive angiomas, one treated by embolization followed by sclerosis of the remaining venous lakes, and the other by embolization followed by surgical removal of the part of the angioma which was not collapsed. These cases demonstrate the major value of embolization. This prepares for and facilitates surgery, and, alone or associated with surgery, now permits a lasting cure of this type of lesion while avoiding the risks of surgical treatment alone. PMID- 7375530 TI - [Mucocutaneous angiomas in children. Must we still treat them?]. AB - Muco-cutaneous angiomas are the most common vascular dysplasias in neonates born at term or especially prematurely. Rarely visible at birth, they appear during the first month of life, and always have a very great potential for development. Their extent is variable at onset, and their surface and volume, whatever their type, superficial, deep or mixed, both increase up to the age of 18 months and then diminish to be reabsorbed totally at the age of 3 to 4 years, leaving a zone of atrophic scarring with a cosmetic effect in proportion to the size of the lesion. The spontaneous cure of 90 % of these lesions is the argument used by clinicians who recommend therapeutic abstention. The conspicuous character of the scar, more marked in proportion to the size of the lesion, and the later involvement of organs subjacent to the angioma such as the eye, nasal cartilage, and bones, are the reasons which lead us instead to recommend the routine treatment of every tuberous angioma, provided certainly that such treatment is appropriate to the clinical variety ; treatment should be carried out as soon as possible after birth, and should not represent a risk disproportionate to the innocence of the lesion. PMID- 7375531 TI - [Cervico-cephalic vascular malformations. Current treatment protocol. Apropos of 230 cases]. AB - In the light of 230 cases of vascular malformations in the cervico-facial region and the scalp treated over a 7 year period, the value of embolization is specified. Embolization permits effective treatment of the complications of these lesions, in particular haemorrhage. The reduction of swelling that can be obtained is always marked, but often incomplete : this is largely due to an associated hypertrophy of the neighbouring nonangiomatous tissues : such hypertrophy most often necessitates plastic surgery in order to obtain complete correction of the local disfigurement. With the introduction of embolization, the scope for surgery has been radically transformed, and one can often now consider a complete eradication of an extensive vascular malformation as well as correction of the associated local tissue dystrophy. PMID- 7375532 TI - Developmental and activational effects of sex hormones on the attractiveness of dog urine. PMID- 7375533 TI - Comparison of androgenic effects on food intake and body weight in adult rats. PMID- 7375534 TI - Tail pinch induces sexual behavior in olfactory bulbectomized male rats. PMID- 7375535 TI - The range of taste quality of sodium salts. PMID- 7375536 TI - Predatory behavior after hypothalamic lesions in cats. PMID- 7375537 TI - Effect of deprivation duration and prefeeding on gastric stress erosions in the rat. PMID- 7375538 TI - Sex responses of the female hamster: effects on male performance. PMID- 7375539 TI - Interaction between the septal area and the subfornical organ in the control of water intake induced by thirst-eliciting procedures. PMID- 7375540 TI - Paradigm for comparing sexual behavior and scent marking in male gerbils. PMID- 7375541 TI - Digging and biting induced by pinch stimuli and lateral hypothalamic electrical stimulation. PMID- 7375542 TI - Comparison of the effects of brain dopamine-depleting lesions upon oral behaviors elicited by tail pinch and electrical brain stimulation. PMID- 7375543 TI - Spinal transection accelerates the developmental expression of penile reflexes in male rats. PMID- 7375546 TI - Appearance of glucoprivic control of feeding behavior in the developing rat. PMID- 7375544 TI - Limb preference after unilateral pyramidotomy in adult and neonatal rats. PMID- 7375545 TI - Rhythmic theta-like unit activity of the hippocampal formation during acquisition and performance of avoidance behavior in rabbits. PMID- 7375547 TI - Effects of insulin on food intake and plasma glucose level in fat-fed diabetic rats. PMID- 7375549 TI - Rapid eye movement stage of sleep participates in the generation of the nocturnal meal pattern in the rat. PMID- 7375548 TI - Daily rhythm of locomotor activity is abolished during rapid eye movement sleep deprivation in the rat. PMID- 7375550 TI - Estrogenic effects on behavioral thermoregulation and body temperature of rats. PMID- 7375553 TI - Improved instrumental learning in neodecorticate rats. PMID- 7375551 TI - Effect of prepuberal medial preoptic area lesions on male rat sexual behavior. PMID- 7375552 TI - The effects of hypothalamic and mesencephalic lesions on food and water intakes, adiposity and some endocrine criteria, in the red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus). PMID- 7375554 TI - Chemical access to the vomeronasal organs of garter snakes. PMID- 7375557 TI - A direct-drive, non-rotating version of Ranck's microdrive. PMID- 7375556 TI - Role of gonadal hormones in diet selection and food utilization in female rats. PMID- 7375555 TI - Factors affecting the acute pressor response to bolus cadmium injections. PMID- 7375558 TI - Continuous measurement of cerebrospinal fluid pressure in unrestrained rats. PMID- 7375560 TI - Modulation of schedule-induced polydipsia by Pavlovian conditioned states. PMID- 7375561 TI - A head-holder for visually guided surgery in rats. PMID- 7375559 TI - Feeding behavior of lean and obese pigs. PMID- 7375562 TI - Indwelling catheter for infusions into subcutaneous tissue of freely-moving rats. PMID- 7375564 TI - Reduced salivation in rats following ventromedial hypothalamic lesions. PMID- 7375563 TI - Further evidence that androgen aromatization is essential for the activation of copulation in male quail. PMID- 7375566 TI - Hormonal regulation of penile erection in castrated male rats. PMID- 7375565 TI - A parametric investigation into the generality of schedule-induced polydipsia to wild-caught Norway and wild-caught cotton rats. PMID- 7375567 TI - Central effects of testosterone on food intake in male rats. PMID- 7375568 TI - Behavioral kinetics: a method for deriving qualitative and quantitative changes in sensory responsiveness following septal nuclei damage. PMID- 7375569 TI - Sexual reflexes of spinal male house mice. PMID- 7375570 TI - Glutamate and specific perceptual input interact to cause retarded learning in chicks. PMID- 7375571 TI - Neuronal pathways involved in transfer of information related to leg position learning in the cockroach, P. americana. PMID- 7375572 TI - Attenuation of x-ray-induced taste aversions by olfactory-bulb or amygdaloid lesions. PMID- 7375573 TI - Entrainment of the circadian activity rhythm to the light cycle: effective light intensity for a Zeitgeber in the retinal degenerate C3H mouse and the normal C57BL mouse. PMID- 7375575 TI - Attenuation of septal hyperemotionality by cerebellar fastigial lesions in the rat. PMID- 7375574 TI - Lesions of visual cortex impair discrimination of hidden figures by cats. PMID- 7375576 TI - Maternal diet affects feeding behaviour of self-selecting weanling rats. PMID- 7375578 TI - Sexual behavior of male and female septal lesioned rats. PMID- 7375577 TI - Behavioral effects of iron deficiency in the adult rat. PMID- 7375579 TI - Bulbectomy and sensitivity to estrogen: anatomical and functional specificity. PMID- 7375580 TI - Taste and olfaction: independence vs interaction. PMID- 7375581 TI - Anosmia differently affects the reproductive hormonal pattern in sexually experienced and inexperienced male rats. PMID- 7375583 TI - Relationship between cortical alpha and skeletal muscle blood flow in a feedback task. PMID- 7375582 TI - Effects of milking procedure on rat milk composition. PMID- 7375584 TI - Stability of individual differences in cardiovascular reactivity: a thirteen month follow-up. PMID- 7375585 TI - Lateral, but not medial, frontal lesions impair fixed ratio performance in rats. PMID- 7375586 TI - The effects of caerulein on food intake in the cat. PMID- 7375587 TI - Taste preferences induced by trains of rewarding lateral hypothalamic stimulation of differing durations. PMID- 7375588 TI - Some anatomical and physiological correlates of social isolation in the young rat. PMID- 7375589 TI - 2-DEOXY-D-glucose fails to induce feeding in hamsters fed a preferred diet. PMID- 7375590 TI - Metapsychology and psychoanalytic theory. AB - Various meanings have been given to the word "metapsychology" by its opponents and proponents in the psychoanalytic literature. These are discussed and compared with the meaning Freud intended the word to have. The question of the place of psychoanalytic psychology in science--whether it is or is not in natural science- is also considered. PMID- 7375591 TI - The barren prospect of a representation world. AB - This is a criticism of the view that the term "representation" has a peculiarly tangible clinical referent, a unique phenomeriological meaning, and a special power to reveal subjective reality undistorted by theoretical constructs. Such a view is illegitimately encouraged by a tendency to think of "image" when we say "representation", even though we mean something more like "understanding", and by a tendency to treat understanding as though they were discrete experiences of the subject, rather than abstractions made by the observer. Because the reliance on representational terms mixed method with data, its covert principles of abstraction cannot be used to learn from new data. PMID- 7375593 TI - The inner space of the body image. AB - In a review of the psychoanalytic literature the authors show that throughout life the ego structure and identity of an individual are founded to a significant degree on the sensations and awareness of the body. It is suggested that psychic processes processes primarily evolve from cathecting biological events, of which the quality of rhythm seems to be most important. Each of the erogenous zones has its own inner space which is integrated into the body image and the body self as the child grows. The authors introduce the idea of the inner space of speech, voice, and respiration developing concurrently with the erogenous inner spaces. The most highly developed form is the adult genital inner space and its sublimated derivatives which form the basis for the biological creativity of begetting offspring and the psychic creativity of begetting original ideas. PMID- 7375594 TI - A transference dream with superego implications. AB - A type of transference dream is described in which the male analyst is transformed into a woman. For male patients, this transformation of the threatening father-analyst into the protective maternal figure appears to mitigate the threat of castration for incestuous oedipal wishes. For female patients, the substitution of the maternal figure seems to serve as a wishful undoing of narcissistic mortifications to the young girl's emerging sense of femininity and sexuality suffered at the father's hands during the oedipal years. Maternal and paternal contributions to superego formation are discussed, as is the relative importance of oedipal narcissistic traumata and penis envy. PMID- 7375592 TI - The parallelism phenomenon in psychoanalysis and supervision: its reconsideration as a triadic system. AB - In psychoanalytic superivision, supervisees manifest toward their supervisors many psychic patterns which parallel processes that are prominent in their interactions with their patients. The reverse influence is also observed: analyst and patient re-enact events of the supervisory situation. An expanded explanation for parallelism is offered which indicates how the structural and dynamic similarities of analysis and supervision link patient, analyst, and supervisor in a complex, multidirectional network that guarantees the emergence of this phenomenon. PMID- 7375595 TI - Psychosocial correlates of breast cancer and its treatments. PMID- 7375596 TI - Cognitive behavior therapy with children: has clinical utility been demonstrated? PMID- 7375597 TI - Childhood depression: three basic but questionable assumptions in the Lefkowitz and Burton critique. PMID- 7375598 TI - Childhood depression: a reply to Costello. PMID- 7375600 TI - Parental death during childhood and adult depression: a critical review of the literature. PMID- 7375599 TI - Migraine headache: review of parameters, etiology, and intervention. PMID- 7375604 TI - Experimental research on third-party intervention in conflict: toward some generalizations. PMID- 7375603 TI - Configuration and combination laws in conditioning with compound stimuli. PMID- 7375602 TI - Victims of violent death: a critical review. PMID- 7375605 TI - Sex bias in counseling and psychotherapy. PMID- 7375601 TI - Status of electroconvulsive therapy: review of the outcome literature. PMID- 7375606 TI - Stressful life events and schizophrenia: a review of the research literature. PMID- 7375608 TI - Unmasking visual masking: a look at the "why" behind the veil of the "how". PMID- 7375607 TI - How does a brain build a cognitive code? PMID- 7375609 TI - Levels of equivalence in imagery and perception. PMID- 7375610 TI - Reflex modification in the domain of startle: I. Some empirical findings and their implications for how the nervous system processes sensory input. PMID- 7375611 TI - Skin conductance recovery time and personality in a group of criminals. PMID- 7375612 TI - Similarities and differences among the P3 waves to detected signals in three modalities. PMID- 7375613 TI - Autonomic activity during anticipation of an aversive tone in noninstitutionalized sociopaths. PMID- 7375614 TI - Feedback and instructions in the control of digital skin temperature. PMID- 7375615 TI - Variations in behavioral response threshold within the REM period of human sleep. PMID- 7375616 TI - Orientation-specific and luminance effects: interocular suppression of visual evoked potentials in man. PMID- 7375618 TI - P300 and stimulus categorization: two plus one is not so different from one plus one. PMID- 7375617 TI - Comparisons of sweat gland counts, electrodermal activity, and habituation behavior in young and old groups of subjects. PMID- 7375619 TI - Emotional imagery: conceptual structure and pattern of somato-visceral response. PMID- 7375620 TI - Evoked potential and behavioral signs of attentive dysfunctions in hyperactive boys. PMID- 7375621 TI - Pulse transit time in the analysis of autonomic nervous system effects on the cardiovascular system. PMID- 7375622 TI - Some experiences of consultation-liaison psychiatry in a university hospital. AB - The authors present some of their experiences concerning psychiatric consultation in a 1,800-bed university hospital. Particular evidence is given to the development which the physician-psychiatrist relationship has had in the long run. The experiences refer to the consultation work carried out in the Department of Medicine, in the Division of Cardiology and in the Hemodialysis Unit. PMID- 7375624 TI - Schizophrenia therapy: the trigger effect. An exceptional response to a short intervention. AB - A rapid abatement of symptoms during schizophrenia therapy may be called a 'trigger response'. These are combined effects of autonomous positive, constructively healthy potentials preserved within the pathological constellation, and of a therapist's active acceptance, care, and frankly direct communications; the technique includes partaking of certain risks as well as directiveness and drug prescription. Autonomous trigger effects are ingredients of many ameliorations in schizophrenia, both spontaneous and therapeutically initiated. The proceedings of one exceptional treatment are reported in order to illustrate the concept with an outstanding example. PMID- 7375623 TI - Psychiatric consultation: compliance and level of satisfaction with recommendations. AB - As a measure of the effectiveness of psychiatric consultation, we assessed the level of compliance and consultee satisfaction with our recommendations in 55 consecutive cases. Overall compliance with the consultants' recommendations was 90% and did not vary significantly for the different types of recommendations. The medical staff felt that 60-70% of the recommendations had a positive effect on patient care and that only 1-2% had a negative effect. The remaining recommendations either had no effect or could not be evaluated by the medical staff. These favorable results have implications both for the care of patients, and the training of psychiatric residents. PMID- 7375625 TI - Methodological aspects of the evaluation of psychotherapies. AB - With the aim of methodically examining the evaluation of short-term psychotherapies, the authors study the conditions of setting up and applying Osgood's semantic differential. For an ad hoc selection of the inducive words, an in-depth study of the parametrization of bipolar scales based on new premises is undertaken, after which the semantic space is reconstructed. These stages are carried out, on the one hand, on a sample of patients under treatment at a psychiatric policlinic, and on the other hand, on a sample drawn from the general population. The results are compared step for step. In addition, correspondence analyses between the inducive words and the scales shed new light on the stability of Osgood's semantic differential. PMID- 7375626 TI - Evaluation of psychotherapies and Osgood's Semantic Differential. A tentative approach. AB - Setting up a semantic differential according to Osgood for evaluating analytical psychotherapies: a selection of scales and inducive words plus a factor analysis based on answers obtained from two test groups--the one composed of ambulatory psychiatric patients, the other composed of normal individuals. Preliminary validity tests of the results for applicability in clinical situations: examples of individual semantic configurations reflecting in a plausible manner certain clinical characteristics; comparison of the configurations of a group of neurotics with those of a group of schizophrenics; example of the evolution of one configuration during the period of psychoanalytical treatment. These first tests led us to believe that the semantic differential could contribute effectively to the evaluation of psychotherapies. PMID- 7375628 TI - On the subject of handling hostility in therapy. AB - This paper focuses on the subject matter of handling repressed or expressed hostility within the context of the psychotherapeutic situation. The emphasis is on the importance of permitting the patient to express hostility, and/or help him become aware of the fact that he is repressing it. To achieve this insight on the patient's part, the therapist has to be aware of his own countertransference reactions and has to maintain an objective attitude at all times. Some difficulties in attaining this attitude are explored. Brief vignettes from the author's and others' experience are given. PMID- 7375629 TI - Attributed responsibility for life events in survivors of myocardial infarction. AB - The direction of attributed responsibility for the occurrence of stressful life events in the year prior to illness onset was examined for 120 survivors of myocardial infarction and 40 patients with chest pain but without myocardial infarction. Additionally, feelings of helplessness in response to the same events were examined to collectively test the hypothesis that patients with the more serious illness of myocardial infarction would see responsibility for stressful life events as lying primarily with sources other than themselves, and would thereby be characterized by feelings of helplessness. The two groups were not significantly different on measures of responsibility, but patients with myocardial infarction reported significantly greater feelings of helplessness than the other group. This, together with a significant negative correlation between helplessness and self-responsibility, and significant positive correlations between other and chance responsibility, was considered to give firm but indirect support to the hypothesis. PMID- 7375627 TI - Role of stereotypes in selecting patients for psychotherapy. AB - This investigation addressed the question of what implicit notions on the suitability for psychotherapy are operative in the therapist and how they affect his perception of the real patient in the first interview. Study 1 compared 13 psychotherapist's ratings of ideal, implicit notions of suitability for a variety of psychotherapies to their ratings of 20 videotaped patients. A significant correlation was found for analytical indication stereotypes only. Clinical person perception in this task seems to be focused on desirable patient variables, leading to paradoxes. In study 2, a Swiss sample of 67 therapists was able to differentiate only two indication stereotypes, an analytical one versus a nonanalytical one. Results suggest that goal variables of psychoanalytical therapies must be present in the ideally suited patient at the onset of therapy. PMID- 7375630 TI - Engagement before alliance. AB - An approach to the psychotherapy of ego-depleted states or with morbid disease involves the commitment of the therapist far beyond a distant psychoanalytic stance. Engagement must occur before a therapeutic alliance and exploration of underlying issues can begin. The patient in a helpless state needs the therapist's concern (both by frequent visits and telephone), active participation with family, and occasionally medication. The 'all out' effort allows the patient to borrow some of the therapist's strength. Within this approach, one may expand or contract goals; many patients went on to further explorative work. This mode stands outside of many of the usual values and canons of psychoanalytic therapy, and many therapists need encouragement when they risk closeness with patients' desperation and/or disease. PMID- 7375631 TI - Patient motivation as a predictor of process and outcome in psychotherapy. AB - This study examined the effect of the patient's level of motivation upon process and outcome in short-term psychotherapy. 18 shy, anxious, and depressed male college students received up to 25 sessions of therapy with experienced professional therapists. Analyses of audiotaped samples from four therapy sessions indicated that motivation was a good predictor of a patient's behavior in therapy. These analyses also suggested that the patient's level of motivation may influence the therapist's behavior during treatment. Lastly, ratings of motivation significantly predicted both the therapist's and the clinician's ratings of overall improvement, but not the patient's rating of overall improvement or the residual maladjustment scores derived from the MMPI. PMID- 7375632 TI - The increased passive efflux of sodium and rubidium from rabbit erythrocytes by microwave radiation. PMID- 7375633 TI - Similarities in cellular inactivation by hyperthermia or by ethanol. PMID- 7375634 TI - Induction of single-strand DNA breaks in human cells by H2O2 formed in near-uv (black light) irradiated medium. PMID- 7375635 TI - Cysteamine as a protective agent with high-LET radiations. PMID- 7375636 TI - In vitro radiosensitivity of six human cell lines: a comparative study with different statistical models. PMID- 7375637 TI - Proliferation of lethally damaged mammalian cells irradiated by fast electrons, fast neutrons, alpha particles, and pions. PMID- 7375638 TI - The action of caffeine on X-irradiated HeLa cells. IV. Progression delays and enhanced cell killing at high caffeine concentrations. PMID- 7375640 TI - Automated documentation in a radiodiagnostic department. PMID- 7375641 TI - Patients, paper and people. PMID- 7375639 TI - Estimation of whole-body doses by means of chromosome aberrations observed in survivors of the Hiroshima A-bomb. PMID- 7375642 TI - Transient cerebral ischemia: medical management. PMID- 7375643 TI - Transient cerebral ischemia: surgical considerations. PMID- 7375644 TI - Transient cerebral ischemia: review of surgical results. PMID- 7375645 TI - Treatment of progressing stroke. AB - Adequate management of a patient with progressing stroke should include the following. (1) Understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms causing cerebral infarction. (2) prompt diagnosis. When the possibility of progressing stroke is considered by the physician, it automatically becomes the priority diagnosis. (3) Prompt clinical and laboratory evaluation should be initiated. (4) Prompt institution of anticoagulant treatment unless contraindicated is appropriate. Heparin followed by coumadin is used most commonly. (5) If there is not prompt cessation of progression over the next 1--3 hr (following adequate anticoagulation), the patient should have a repeat CAT scan, and in many instances, a carotid angiogram to investigate the possibility of misdiagnosis or that an ulcerated atherosclerotic plaque is present releasing emboli not affected by anticoagulation. (6) If any progression occurs, the question of antiedema treatment should be raised. PMID- 7375647 TI - Computer analysis of the exercise ECG: a review. PMID- 7375646 TI - The role of carotid endarterectomy in the treatment of acute neurologic deficits. PMID- 7375648 TI - [Immunosuppressive therapy of skin diseases]. PMID- 7375649 TI - [Acetylation phenotype in psoriasis]. PMID- 7375650 TI - [Clinical aspects of cutaneous tuberculosis]. PMID- 7375652 TI - [Tolerance of matches in patients sensitized to chromium]. PMID- 7375651 TI - [Study of delayed hypersensitivity in patients with cutaneous tuberculosis by the in vivo and in vitro methods]. PMID- 7375653 TI - [Role of sexual contact and extrasexual route in the transmission of trichomonas vaginitis and candidiasis]. PMID- 7375655 TI - [Our carbon test VDRL in serological autoanalysis]. PMID- 7375656 TI - [Zinc in the treatment of crural ulcers]. PMID- 7375658 TI - [Preliminary assessment of the therapeutic value of Klion-D in vaginal trichomonal-fungal infections]. PMID- 7375657 TI - [Electron-microscopic studies of the mouth mucosa for the presence of virus-like particles in lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7375654 TI - [Method of preparation of reagents for the Treponema pallidum passive hemagglutination reaction (TPHA)]. PMID- 7375661 TI - [Organization, theory and technic of a psychoanalytic counseling project for the training of psychology students]. PMID- 7375660 TI - [Approaches to psychoanalytically oriented counseling]. PMID- 7375659 TI - [Direct evaluation of the results of treatment of cutaneous tuberculosis with streptomycin, isoniazid and ethambutol]. PMID- 7375662 TI - [Structure of "counseling under supervision"]. PMID- 7375663 TI - [The untouchable woman]. PMID- 7375664 TI - [Transformation of allergic disease as a reflection of environmental changes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375665 TI - [Electrocardiogram of patients with primary congestive cardiomyopathy. Own experience (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375666 TI - [The interrelationship between symptoms of intoxication with digoxin and its concentration in the blood serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375667 TI - [The decision tables concerning the use of penicillin and the performance of allergic skin tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375668 TI - [The role of prostaglandins in the physiology of the gastro-intestinal tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375669 TI - [Carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke and its influence on the human organism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375670 TI - [Course: Laboratory diagnosis of circulatory system diseases. Hemodynamic and metabolic sequelae of circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 7375671 TI - [A case of isolated nonparasitic liver polycystitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375672 TI - [Studies on the abnormal accumulations in vertebrae found on the bone scintigram in cancer patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375673 TI - [Studies on the tumor and organ affinity of 201Tl (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375674 TI - [Study of renal affinity with 99mTc-labeled N-substitution of imino di carbonate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375675 TI - [Fundamental studies of TSH RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375677 TI - [Shielding for I-125 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375676 TI - [Radioimmunoassay for serum thyroxine by the antibody-coated test tube method (SPAC-T4 Kit) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375678 TI - [Radioactive and radiation standards (XI), 9. Energy standards of radiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375679 TI - [Enhancement of 67Ga tumor-to-blood ratios by chelating agent (author's transl)]. AB - Chelating agent, such as CaEDTA, CaDTPA, D-penicillamine, DMSA, desferoxamine, NTA, cysteine ethyl ester, BAL, alpha-MPG, phthalein complexone, were tested as a possible contrast enhancing agent for tumor imaging with 67Ga-citrate. The intravenous administration of a chelating agent to Ehrlich's tumor bearing mice, one hour after the injection of 67Ga-citrate, accelerated the blood clearance with only a very slight change of activity in the target, increasing the tumor-to blood ratio, and consequently achieving a better visualization. Among the tested chelating agents, D-penicillamine showed the highest target-to-nontarget ratio at a shorter time: a good tumor-to-blood ratio, performed after 24 hr with non treated animals, was achieved in only 1-3 hr with post-treated animals. Thus, D penicillamine hold a considerable promise as a contrast enhancing agent for future clinical use. PMID- 7375680 TI - [Diagnosis and prevention of lung cancer]. PMID- 7375681 TI - [Meaning of cellular immunity tests in neoplasms]. PMID- 7375682 TI - [Radioimmunologic diagnosis of pancreatic and gastrointestinal apudomas]. PMID- 7375683 TI - [Changeable aspects in the epidemiology of Parkinson disease (analysis of 262 cases during a period of 9 years]. PMID- 7375684 TI - [Monoclonal gammapathies. Study of 30 cases of multiple myeloma]. PMID- 7375685 TI - [Serum ferritin concentration in a normal population: effects of age, sex and pregnancy]. PMID- 7375686 TI - [Treatment of arterial hypertension. Experience with the use of a hydralazine and propranolol combination]. PMID- 7375688 TI - [Symmetric peripheral gangrene. Clinical case]. PMID- 7375687 TI - [Immunoreactive plasmatic values of vasoreactive intestinal polypeptide in acute pancreatitis. duodenal ulcer and hepatic insufficiency]. PMID- 7375689 TI - [Primary hepatorenal amyloidosis with dementia]. PMID- 7375691 TI - [Ethics of controlled studies in gastroenterology]. PMID- 7375692 TI - [Therapy of cancer of the rectum: personal experience]. PMID- 7375690 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism associated to sarcoidosis. Report of a case]. PMID- 7375693 TI - [Cancer of the rectum: an study of the delay in the diagnosis in our area]. PMID- 7375694 TI - [Review of non cancerous esophageal pathology]. PMID- 7375695 TI - [Analysis of 197 total cystopericystectomies done in 539 hepatic hydatidosis]. PMID- 7375696 TI - [Hepatic hydatidosis involving the biliary tract. Personal experience]. PMID- 7375697 TI - [Surgical treatment of cancer of the rectum. 470 operated cases]. PMID- 7375698 TI - [Cystic dystrophy in pancreatic heterotopia of the duodenal wall]. PMID- 7375699 TI - [Carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder: description of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 7375700 TI - [Primary non Hodgkin's lymphoma of the small intestine (review of 12 cases)]. PMID- 7375701 TI - [Trial of an intestinal recirculation in dogs with an intestinal resection]. PMID- 7375702 TI - [Intrabdominal abscess as an acute complication of digestive surgery]. PMID- 7375703 TI - [Our experience with portal hypertension]. PMID- 7375704 TI - [Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 7375707 TI - [Actinomycosis of the liver: apropos of a case]. PMID- 7375705 TI - [Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography in pancreatic inflammatory diseases]. PMID- 7375706 TI - [Intrabiliary rupture of hydatid cyst of the liver and cholelithiasis (apropos of 3 cases)]. PMID- 7375708 TI - [Stenosis of the celiac trunk by extrinsic compression. Review of the theme, apropos of a case corrected by successful surgery]. PMID- 7375709 TI - [Malignant ovarian teratoma presented as a rectal tumor]. PMID- 7375711 TI - [Etiopathological and physiopathological bases of ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 7375710 TI - [Extraperitoneal extravasation of barium: a complication of opaque enema]. PMID- 7375712 TI - [Benign epithelial tumors of the stomach]. PMID- 7375713 TI - [Nonparasitic hepatic cysts. Report of 5 cases and reveiw of the literature]. PMID- 7375714 TI - [Gastric carcinoma: anatomopathological review of 182 cases, as Mulligan and Rember's classification]. PMID- 7375715 TI - [Gastric pathology associated to duodenogastric reflux determined by endoscopy]. PMID- 7375716 TI - [Blood clearance of galactose: its clinical interest]. PMID- 7375717 TI - [Distomatosis by Fasciola hepatic (new Riojana parasitosis)]. PMID- 7375718 TI - [A new case of juvenile gastric adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 7375719 TI - [Chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7375720 TI - Effects of changes in nutritional copper on erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in sheep. AB - In copper-deficient lambs with serum copper less than 0.30 microgram/ml there was a linear relationship between erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and serum copper concentration. When these lambs were fed adequate copper (10-14 mg/kg of feed), SOD increased by 68 per cent over 90 days. The time course of this increase corresponded to the erthrocyte lifespan of lambs. In sheep given excess copper (0.25 g/kg body weight over seven weeks) erythrocyte SOD activity did not differ significantly from that of control sheep. A 40 per cent decrease in erythrocyte SOD activity occurred in sheep fed diets supplemented with molybdenum and sulphate for 90 days. Compared with controls, these sheep stored less copper in their livers and had similar caeruloplasmin activities but higher serum copper concentrations. PMID- 7375721 TI - Schistosoma bovis in calves: the development and clinical pathology of primary infections. AB - The clinico-pathological effects of Schistosoma bovis were monitored in zebu calves for a year after exposure to 100 or 200 cercariae/kg body weight and were related to the number and reproductive activities of the parasites present. The disease was characterised by diarrhoea, weight loss or poor weight gain, anaemia, serum protein changes and eosinophilia. These changes were broadly related to the level of infection and were most prominent during the two months following patency when faecal egg counts were highest. Subsequently, the condition of most animals improved. This was associated with a marked reduction in faecal egg excretion which in turn was related to worm deaths, reduced worm fecundity and egg retention in the tissues. PMID- 7375722 TI - Investigations into the toxicity of the leaves of Erythrophleum guineense Don. in sheep. AB - An investigation was carried out on the toxicity of the leaves of Erythrophleum guineense Don. in sheep. Four groups of two animals each were fed 8, 2, 0.5 and 0.25 g/kg/day, respectively, of dried ground leaves of E guineense through a stomach tube. Two animals served as controls and received 8 g/kg/day of ground grass hay through a stomach tube. Animals which received 8 g/kg of E guineense died within 3 h; those which received 2 g/kg died within 18 h, while those which received 0.5 and 0.25 g/kg developed clinical signs after being fed for two to four days and died between two and 14 days. Clinical signs observed were coma and convulsions in animals which died within 18 h. Animals which died after several days of sickness had signs of depression, dyspnoea, groaning, trembling of hind limbs, strong heart beat and severe dysentery. Pathological changes observed post mortem were varied and occurred in a number of organs. PMID- 7375723 TI - The influence of dietary iodine on iodine in the blood serum of cows and calves in the perinatal period. AB - Concentrations of total iodine (TI) and protein-bound iodine (PBI) in the blood serum of both cows and their neonatal calves were related to the iodine content of the diet fed to the cows. A group of six cows (group 1) fed a diet containing 0.6 ppm iodine had mean concentrations of TI and PBI of 4.1 and 3.4 microgram/100 ml respectively. A second group (group 2), fed a diet containing 4.6 ppm iodine, had concentrations of 33.8 and 7.6 microgram/100 ml of TI and PBI respectively. Calves of groups 1 and 2 had mean concentrations of TI of 21 microgram/100 ml and 96 microgram/100 ml respectively within 24 h of birth, but these concentrations declined markedly over a period of eight days. Evidence was obtained that the high concentrations of TI, and also of PBI, in neonatal calves relative to the concentrations in their dams resulted mainly from placental transfer rather than from the ingestion of colostrum. PMID- 7375724 TI - Variations with age in serum iron and iron-binding capacity in zebu cattle. AB - The variations with age in serum iron concentration and iron-binding capacity in zebu cattle were investigated. Serum iron concentration was lower in calves from birth to four weeks of age than in older cattle. Total iron-binding capacity decreased while percentage saturation increased with advancing age. PMID- 7375725 TI - The effect of immunisation with BCG on Theileria parva infection in cattle. AB - Cattle were immunised with 10(8) bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) organisms 32 days before challenge with a lethal dose of Theileria parva stabilate. The disease reactions of immunised and control cattle were similar and all infected cattle died. It is suggested that the failure of BCG to protect cattle against T parva infection is because the cattle response to this non-specific immunisation is poorly developed. PMID- 7375726 TI - Efficacy of oxfendazole against Nematodirus battus and inhibited stages of sheep nematodes. AB - Oxfendazole administered at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg was 100 per cent effective against artificially acquired seven-day-old and 23-day-old infections of Nematodirus battus in lambs. At the same dose rate it was 100 per cent effective against naturally acquired infections of adult Trichostrongylus spp, adult and arrested early fourth stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Nematodirus spp. Efficacy against Ostertagia spp was 99 to 100 per cent against adults and 100 per cent against inhibited larvae, the predominant species of this genus being O circumcincta. PMID- 7375727 TI - Histological and cytological alterations in the skin of biotin-deficient chicks. AB - A basal diet with practically no natural biotin was supplemented with 10, 19, 34, 62, 111 or 200 microgram of biotin per kg. Chicks receiving these graded levels of biotin were used for histological investigations of skin samples of the foot pad and the under and upper side of the middle toe. Where there was biotin deficiency, epidermal hyperplasia, papillary growth, acanthosis and hyperkeratosis were observed on the foot pad and the under side of the toe. In the stratum spinosum, cells showed big nuclei and nucleoi, and the glycogen containing nuclear and perinuclear vacuoles had disappeared. The alterations in the skin of the upper side of the toe were similar but far less pronounced. Cell proliferation measured by the labelling index was significantly increased in all three skin samples. PMID- 7375728 TI - Fusiform erythrocytes resembling sickle cells in angora goats: observations on osmotic and mechanical fragilities and reversal of cell shape during anaemia. AB - Osmotic and mechanical fragilities of erythrocytes were determined for seven goats having 3.4-71 per cent fusiform erythrocytes. The osmotic fragility was related to the erythrocyte shape in that the osmotic resistance was considerably higher for bloods containing more than 26 per cent fusiform erythrocytes. A decrease in the proportion of fusiform erythrocytes in the same goats was related to an increase in the osmotic fragility. Anaemia was induced in two goats by removal of 200-400 ml of blood at three or four day intervals for eight weeks. Red cell values decreased by 28-43 per cent within three weeks, but further bleeding produced either no or less (0-21 per cent) reductions in these values. Slight reticulocytosis was seen during the anaemic phase and there was a concomitant increase in the mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin values. Reticulocytosis diminished before the start of recovery from anaemia and disappeared during the recovery phase. The most significant finding was the change in the erythrocyte morphology during production of and recovery from anaemia. The development of anaemia was associated with a gradual reduction in the proportion of fusiform erythrocytes or discoid cells and simultaneous increase in the proportion of erythrocytes exhibiting distinct poikilocytosis. Recovery from the anaemia was rapid (within five weeks), but reversal of the erythrocyte shape took several months. Severe blood loss anaemia in the goat is known to induce synthesis of haemoglobin C, and in these anaemic goats formation of a new haemoglobin, most likely haemoglobin C, was demonstrated by electrophoretic and column chromatographic analyses. It was concluded that the formation of haemoglobin C was responsible for the morphological changes in the erythrocytes. PMID- 7375729 TI - Observations on the course and pathology of Trypanosoma vivax in Red Sokoto goats. AB - The course of trypanosomiasis was observed over a period of 68 days in eight Red Sokoto goats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma vivax strain Y58. The goats developed parasitaemia five days after infection; the intensity of parasitaemia varied within and between individual goats. The course of the disease was acute, subacute or chronic. Anaemia was the principal clinocopathological feature of the disease. The rate of development of anaemia was not related to the degree of parasitaemia. Other clinical signs included emaciation, weakness, rough hair coat, profuse lacrimation and development of corneal opacity. Bone marrow of infected goats showed marked erythroid hyperplasia. Erythrophagocytosis and haemosiderosis in the bone marrow, liver and spleen were the principal histopathogical features in infected goats. PMID- 7375730 TI - The in vitro response to phytohaemagglutinin during malignant catarrhal fever of rabbits and cattle. AB - Rabbits with malignant catarrhal fever were recently found to have depressed T and B cell function which was shown by failure of their blood lymphocytes to respond to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and other mitogens. In the present work, in contrast, lymphocytes from diseased calves were found to respond well to PHA. Despite using the same source of rabbits and virus as in the earlier study the PHA response of lymph node or peripheral blood cells of rabbits was also found to be normal in most instances but depressed in others; conclusive evidence for hyporesponsiveness due to serum mediated suppression was absent. PMID- 7375732 TI - Serum constituents of red deer (Cervus elaphus). AB - The concentrations of proteins, total bilirubin, calcium and inorganic phosphate and the activities of some enzymes were measured in the sera from 49 red deer. The results were analysed with respect to age, season and sex. PMID- 7375731 TI - In vitro direct haemagglutination by Corynebacterium ovis exotoxin. AB - Haemagglutinating activity of toxigenic Corynebacterium ovis culture supernatants was estimated by titration in phosphate buffered saline diluent against sheep erythrocytes. The haemagglutination titre was closely related to the haemolysis and rabbit dermonecrosis titres of culture supernatants and to the toxigenicity of different C ovis strains. The substance responsible for haemagglutination was diffusible and its concentration was unrelated to cell yield in cultures. Corresponding inactivation of all three activities by antitoxin, toxoid formation with formalin, heat and Seitz filtration suggested that haemagglutination is another activity of C ovis exotoxin. PMID- 7375734 TI - Large intestinal biopsies from normal dogs. AB - Proctoscopic examination and rectal and colonic biopsies were performed in 10 clinically normal dogs. There was some variation between individuals in the gross and light microscopic appearance of normal canine large intestine but the findings were distinct from those in disease. PMID- 7375733 TI - Observations on epidemiological and clinical aspects of gastrointestinal helminthiasis of sheep in northern Nigeria during the rainy season. AB - During the rainy season of 1976 severe gastrointestinal helminthiasis was observed in Yankassa sheep grazing unimproved pasture in northern Nigeria. Until mid August high mortality from acute haemonchosis was mainly in lambs. Later, lambs and ewes died from haemonchosis combined with trichostrongylosis but the course of the disease was less rapid. Animals surviving until the end of October showed combined symptoms of chronic haemonchosis and of trichostrongylosis. A rapid turnover rate of adult and developing Haemonchus contortus resulted in a replacement of the blood sucking stages by arrested early fourth stage larvae from mid August onwards. Trichostrongylus spp had a lower turnover rate and only low levels of arrested development occurred, resulting in a gradual build up of Trichostrongylus spp populations during the rainy season. About three or four generations of trichostrongylids developed throughout the rainy season. The first and second generation caused primarily acute haemonchosis, while later generations caused chronic haemonchosis combined with trichostrongylosis. PMID- 7375735 TI - Chronic subclinical fascioliasis in sheep: effects on food intake, food utilisation and blood constituents. PMID- 7375736 TI - The relatioship between serum immunoglobulin levels and specific antibody production in cows. AB - Antibody responses were measured, by the Farr ammonium sulphate technique, to two unrelated antigens-human serum albumin and sperm whale myoglobin. Differences between cows in their mean responses to both antigens were highly significant (P less than 0.001) but there were no differences between Jerseys and Friesians. Preinoculation IgG1, IgG2 and IgM levels were correlated with subsequent specific antibody production. The most significant relationship was between total immunoglobulin (IgG1 plus IgG2 plus IgM) and specific antibody production (r=0.76, P less than 0.01). But there was a negative correlation between the total Ig levels and the relative avidities of the antibodies produced (r=-0.65). These data suggest that in antibody production there is a balance between quality and quantity; cows with normally high serum immunoglobulin concentrations generally produce more antibody in response to challenge but this increase only compensates for the relatively lower avidity of their antibody for the antigen. PMID- 7375737 TI - The growth and cilia-stopping effect of Mycoplasma gallisepticum 1RF in chicken tracheal organ cultures. AB - The growth and pathogenicity of Mycoplasma gallisepticum 1RF were studied in chicken tracheal organ cultures. The organism propagated only in the presence of tracheal rings in culture fluids. Presence of metabolic products from rings seems to be an important factor for the growth of organism. Production of hydrogen peroxide was not detected. There were no differences in the growth and cilia stopping effects among organisms maintained in vitro, stored at -18 degrees C, and recovered from air sac, trachea and joints of infected chickens. No local resistance in tracheal organs from immunised chickens was found. The tracheal organ culture system can readily be used for drug evaluation. PMID- 7375738 TI - Epidemiology of Corynebacterium equi in horses. AB - Using a selective medium, the epidemiology of Corynebacterium equi in horses was studied. Twelve horse studs in different geographical locations were investigated. In addition, a group of horses was monitored over a period of time to determine whether faecal carriage of C equi is constant or intermittent. It was found that C equi could be recovered from every property tested and from all horse breeds. The organism was found in mares, stallions, yearlings and two year olds, and foals aged from 10 days to several months. It appears that C equi is widespread and that its occurrence is not related to any particular geographical location nor to a limited number of properties within a given area. Furthermore, it seems likely that C equi is part of the normal equine faecal flora. The results challenge the notion that C equi is primarily soil associated and do not support the concept that there are infected and non-infected areas. PMID- 7375739 TI - A survey of Mycoplasma infections in domestic poultry. AB - A survey of mycoplasma infections of chickens, turkeys and ducks was made on tissues from a variety of sources and birds of various ages, and from pipped and dead-in-shell turkey embryos. The tissues examined consisted mainly of respiratory tissue and the cloaca and contents and also a small number of joint lesions and other tissues. From chickens, mycoplasmas were isolated from a total of 138 tissues with Mycoplasma gallisepticum in preponderance. This was followed by M gallinarum, untyped organisms, M synoviae and a number of other mycoplasmas and Acholeplasma laidlawii. From turkeys, poults and embryos, mycoplasmas were recovered from 164 tissues with M meleagridis in preponderance. This was followed by M gallisepticum, serovar I, M synoviae and a number of other species including untyped isolates. From ducks, M gallisepticum and M anatis were recovered in equal numbers. Mycoplasma infections with more than one species occurred in the same tissue in all species of stock but especially in turkeys. PMID- 7375740 TI - Effects of prolonged N2O and barbiturate anesthesia on brain metabolism and pH in the dog. AB - The brain acid-base status and metabolites were measured in 17 mongrel dogs that were anesthetized with pentobartital (20-25 mg/kg initially and 2-4 mg/kg every 2 h thereafer), or initially anesthetized with sodium pentothal (20 mg/kg) and placed on nitrous oxide (70% N2O-30% 02) for 5-51/2 h under normoxic, normocapnic conditions. In comparison with the awake, unrestrained state, both anesthetics caused a significant metabolic acidosis in both plasma and cisternal CSF. No significant differences between anesthetics were found with: (1) acid-base status in plasma or brain ECF and ICF; (2) cerebral tissue energy charge potential; or (3) creatine and phosphocreatine levels and the creatine to phosphocreatine ratios. No differences were found in the ATP to ADP ratios, but lactate to pyruvate ratios were significantly lower. Within pentobarbital anesthesia, citrate levels were higher, while other TCA metabolites measured were lower. Further, the citrate to alpha-ketoglutarate and malate to oxaloacetate ratios were significantly increased. We propose that pentobarbital anesthesia lowers metabolic activity in brain tissue and the primary site of 'crossover' inhibition is between citrate and alpha-ketoglutarate. PMID- 7375741 TI - Spatio-temporal micromeasurements of the oxygen uptake in the developing chick embryo. AB - A method has been developed for the determination of the oxygen uptake of small areas (0.01 mm2) in an entire chick embryo cultured in vitro under defined metabolic conditions. It is based on the recordings of the spectral changes of the hemoglobin used as oxygen source for the respiring tissue (Barzu and Borza, 1967). Rapid scanning of the hemoglobin absorbance over the preparation allows a comparison of the O2 uptake of various regions. Values of the order of 10(-2) 1 O2 . min-2 are measured in less than 10 sec with a spatial resolution of 100 micron. The differentiation of embryonic tissue is not disturbed by the measurements. The O2 diffusion in the media and in the tissue has been analyzed by digital simulation. The O2 uptake of the Hensen's node was measured from embryos starting at the stage of definitive primitive streak (stage 4) up to the stage of 10 somites. It increases from 0.6 to 1.1 nl . h-1 with a marked acceleration between stages 4 and 5. The values corrected for the protein content of the Hensen's node at stage 4, 5, 6 and 8 are 32, 30 and 28 microliter . mg-1 . h-1 respectively. The first scanning results show different patterns of the O2 utake at the level of the Hensen's node and of the neural plate. At stage 6-7, the corrected O2 uptake is 30 microliter . mg-1 . h-1 for . the former and 43 microliter . mg-1 . h-1 for the latter. PMID- 7375742 TI - Oxygen transport during progressive hypoxia in high-altitude and sea-level waterfowl. AB - Under conditions of progressive hypoxia, oxygen transport was compared in bar headed geese (Anser indicus), a species which breeds on the Tibetan Plateau and migrates at altitudes up to 9200 m, and Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos, forma domestica), a similarly sized, sea-level water fowl that does not fly. Pekin ducks showed no altitude-induced behavioral effects (e.g., restlessness) up to 7620 m, while bar-headed geese tolerated 10,668 m with no observable behavioral changes. Ventilatory and cardiac responses to hypoxia as functions of PaO2 followed a typical hyperbolic contour, but the response began at almost 20 Torr lower in the bar-headed goose. Both ventilation and cardiac output appeared to follow a common response curve for the two species, when the independent variable was expressed as arterial oxygen content. The goose had a high oxygen affinity hemoglobin, compared with the duck; the oxyhemoglobin curves of both shifted slightly to the right as a result of acclimation to 5640 m; but only the duck developed erythrocytosis as a consequence of acclimation. Under sea level conditions the duck maintained a higher mixed venous PO2, but with acute hypoxic exposures PVO2 was higher in the goose. Following acclimation, cardiac output in the duck was lower than in pre-acclimatized state, but in the goose it was higher up to the altitude at which it migrates. The selective pressures leading to the evolution of favorable oxygen transport in the bar-headed goose are discussed. PMID- 7375744 TI - [Microsurgery: introduction]. PMID- 7375743 TI - [Accidental hypothermia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375745 TI - [The microsurgery of peripheral nerves (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375746 TI - [Kleinert's technique in the repair of flexor tendons (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375747 TI - [Microsurgery and reimplantation of limbs. A case of partial amputation of the proximal part of the arm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375748 TI - [Vesico-renal reflux (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375749 TI - [Fever of undetermined origin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375750 TI - [Psychophysical approach to the world of sound]. PMID- 7375751 TI - [Perception of silence in words: 2 auditory illusion tests]. PMID- 7375752 TI - [Geometric intuition in aphasics]. PMID- 7375753 TI - [Amnesic syndrome of encephalitic origin]. PMID- 7375754 TI - [Rehabilitation of aphasics and neuropsychology]. PMID- 7375758 TI - [The campaign "Viva la vie": trial of a modern technic of communication applied to the promotion of blood transfusion]. AB - Since it was opened 18 months ago, the blood donor sampling Center at Orsay has used traditional means of advertising. However, although the results were satisfactory for the first year, they soon levelled off; and it was decided to adopt another approach, in the form a promotion campaign, including posters, brochures, cartoons... The campaign "Vive la Vie" has been limited to the immediate vicinity of Orsay. It was set up in such a way to enable the staff to implement it easily and progressively and thus precisely follow and record the results. The data are reported in this article. The advantages of the system are a two-step appeal which allows more persuasive information to be given; a graduated approach welcoming both the convinced and the more reluctant donors to the Centre; and the compiling of an index by means of the forms returned by the population. PMID- 7375759 TI - [Autologous transfusions]. PMID- 7375757 TI - [Effect of the addition of albumin on the preservation of hemoglobin solutions lyophilized in the presence of glucose]. AB - In the case of the clinical use of hemoglobin solution, the possibility of storing this preparation in the lyophilized state will be very useful. Freeze dried preparations containing glucose alone or associated with albumin (25. 50. 75. 100 g/1) have been stored under air in darkness at room temperature or + 4 degrees C. At room temperature, the study has been stopped after one year in consideration of the important oxidation and denaturation of hemoglobin. The samples stored at low temperature have been studied after two years. With glucose alone, freeze-dried hemoglobin has generally a better stability than the four albumin containing preparations in the different assays (methemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin levels, Hill number, shape of the Barcroft's curve). The p 50 and the oxyphoric capacity are always low. Our hypothesis of an enhancement of hemoglobin stability by albumin in presence of glucose is not confirmed; the denaturation is in correspondence with the albumin concentration. PMID- 7375756 TI - [HLA antigens and responsiveness to tetanic toxoid in man]. AB - HLA-A, B, C and Bf antigens were studied in 153 blood donors who developped a titre of greater than or equal to 25 i.u./ml antitetanus antibodies following tetanus anti-toxin vaccination. Antigen frequency was compared with that of 412 464 normal blood donors living in the same area. Few significant differences were demonstrated: absence of Bw21 antigen and slight increase of Bf F antigen were observed in "good responders". PMID- 7375755 TI - [Melodic intonation therapy. Contribution of neuropsychological reflex activity to clinical medicine]. PMID- 7375760 TI - [Lymphoproliferative syndrome with cold hemagglutinating, cryoprecipitating monoclonal IgM. Anti-Pr1d specificity]. PMID- 7375761 TI - [Critical study of Coombs test at low ionic strength. Its value in the immunological safety of blood transfusions]. PMID- 7375763 TI - [Role of small and minuscule pools and puddles of water in maintenance of urban Culex mosquitoes]. AB - The limited efficiency of contact insecticides on adult mosquito has led to further studies on the ecology of Culex pipiens autogenicus in the larval stage. The formation of larval clusters and methods of control are analyzed, emphasizing especially the importance of good housekeeping. PMID- 7375762 TI - [Effectiveness of the smallpox virus (IC strain) vaccine and reactivity of the human body to this vaccine]. PMID- 7375764 TI - [On the clinical value of roentgenological observation of the clinical course of renal osteopathy (author's transl)]. AB - Basing on radiological observation of the course of renal osteopathy confirmed both clinically and by bone biopsy in 96 patients -- the x-ray examination comprising primarily the entire axial skeleton including the proximal extremities and hands -- 60% of the patients showed mineralisation in their hands. The rest of the skeleton was affected only if there were identifiable alterations at the hands, although the affection of the axial skeleton was definitely lower in terms of percentage. Hence, radiological observation of renal osteopathy based on x-ray films of both hands with additional magnification technique appears both possible and meaningful. PMID- 7375765 TI - [On the perforation of central venous catheters; radiological aspects of diagnosis and prevention (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of cardiac tamponade resulting from perforation of central venous catheters are presented. Purpose of the case reports and of the brief literature review is to derive criterions for X-ray examination of the catheter position since only routine roentgenographic control can prevent the occurrence of catheterization -- induced complications significantly. The catheter tip should not exceed the right sternoclavicular border by more than two centimeters. Roentgenograms of catheters inserted via the brachial venous route have to be obtained with the arm abducted 90 degrees. On adequately exposed Roentgen films the vertebral column should be clearly discernible within the cardiac shadow. Injection of radiopaque dye through the catheter helps to locate its tip and, in addition, confirms the diagnosis of catheter perforation and concomitant pericardial tamponade. PMID- 7375766 TI - [Normal position and malposition of the heart (author's transl)]. AB - The main types of heart positions and the malpositions are described as demonstrated on plain films of the thorax. Special attention is drawn to the situs ambi -- guous with the poly -- or asplenia which may be recognized from hypoarterial or epiarterial position of the main bronchi and their equal lengths and courses. This diagnosis is important because of the frequent accompanying congenital cardiac malformations and in respect to the planning of angiocardiography. PMID- 7375768 TI - [Thorotrastosis: survey and CT pattern (author's transl)]. AB - Following a historical survey of the discovery of late damages caused by the contrast medium Thorotrast which was commercially available from 1930 to 1951, the article reports on the possibilities of identifying Thorotrast in the computer tomogram. In a male patient aged 60 years, the size and anatomic dimensions of a hepatocholangiolar carcinoma induced by Thorotrast was determined by computer tomography 35 years after carotid angiography. Over and above this, a 20 times increased pathologic tissue density was measured in parapancreatic lymph nodes, whereas the density of tissue was only slightly increased in the liver and twice the normal value in the spleen. The sclerosing and malignoma-inducing properties of Thorotrast as well as the pathogenesis of late damages by foreign body irritation and chronic internal radiation, are discussed. PMID- 7375767 TI - [Contrast amplification of the liver parenchyma in the computer tomogram by using intravenous and peroral biliary contrast media (author's transl)]. AB - If intravenous, biliary contrast media are used, a slight albeit specific enhancement of contrast of the liver parenchyma occurs with the applied dosage, which can be utilised in individual cases, for example for identifying isodense lesions. Contrast amplification by the peroral cholegraphic agent under examination, is insufficient for use in computer tomography of the liver. The use of biliary contrast media usually enables very good visualisation of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Attention is drawn to the possibility of pharmakokinetic studies by means of computer tomography. PMID- 7375770 TI - [Sonography in emergency diagnosis of the abdomen (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on 150 patients, 86 men and 64 women, aged between 16 and 90 years, who were subjected to sonographic examination directly after they had been admitted as emergency cases. In the group of patients under examination, the clinical disease pattern of acute upper abdominal complaints ranked first, followed (in the rate of incidence) by abdominal trauma and acute metabolic disease. In more than 25 % of the cases the decisive diagnosis was made on the basis of sonography only, so that there was no delay in deciding whether treatment should be initiated or whether the diagnosis required further differentiation. In another over 20 % of the cases ultrasound diagnosis contributed quite substantially towards arriving at the final diagnosis. The number of failures or unsuccessful examinations was about 2 % in each group. The rapid, mobile and risk-free use of sonography is emphasised. The results allow the conclusion that the share of ultrasound in the diagnosis of acutely and severely diseased patients should be increased and that sonography should in fact be placed first and foremost, as far as possible, among the diagnostic tools. PMID- 7375769 TI - [Arterial vascular scleroses in the mammogram (author's transl)]. AB - From 1974 to April 1979 5571 mammographies were made in the Department of Radiology of the University of Ulm. In 319 cases (5,7 %) we observed calcifications of the mammarian arteries. The incidence of arterial calcifications in mammography in patients up to 60 years of age was higher than coronary calcifications could be diagnosed by chest fluoroscopy or in an autopsy series by other authors. As the small mammarian arteries show an equal histological structure as the coronary arteries, they must show the same type of calcification. Therefore we consider that calcifications of the mammarian arteries could be a sign of general atherosclerosis. PMID- 7375772 TI - [Schizophrenia: borderline states]. PMID- 7375771 TI - [Comparative scintigraphic and roentgenological examinations of the lung in various stages of silicosis (author's transl)]. AB - In 84 patients with silicosis of various stages, a semi-quantitative topographical measurement of perfusion of the lung was performed with radionuclide albumin particles. At the same time, the scintigram of the lungs and x-ray films of the thorax were compared with each other. With increasing degree of severity of the silicosis, redistribution of the pulmonary blood flow was seen. The blood flow on the left side increases to the detriment of the right side until an approximate balance between the perfusion of both lungs is attained. With reference to the four quadrants, the greatest drop in perfusion occurs in the right upper quadrant, associated with the simultaneous greatest relative increase in the left upper quadrant. X-ray film of the thorax and scintigram pointed to a stronger and earlier silicosis affection of the right lung than of the left one. PMID- 7375773 TI - [The role of psychotherapy in the treatment of schizophrenia]. PMID- 7375774 TI - [Schizophrenia. Introduction]. PMID- 7375775 TI - [Institutions for care, social measures and the future for schizophrenics]. PMID- 7375776 TI - [Schizophrenia. In practice...one should remember...]. PMID- 7375777 TI - [Etiopathogenic concepts on schizophenia]. PMID- 7375779 TI - [Present status of the surgery of coxarthrosis]. PMID- 7375778 TI - [Surgery in 1980]. PMID- 7375780 TI - [Pyogenic liver abscess. Present aspects]. PMID- 7375781 TI - [Arterial wounds and contusions]. PMID- 7375782 TI - [Surgery. In practice...one should remember...]. PMID- 7375783 TI - [Initial and continuing medical education: two different pedagogies]. PMID- 7375784 TI - [A new medical discipline: clinical immunology]. PMID- 7375786 TI - [Complement in human disease: hypocomplementemias]. PMID- 7375785 TI - [Principles of immunogenetics. HLA and diseases]. PMID- 7375787 TI - [Immunology and immunoprevention of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7375788 TI - [Principles of immunologic therapy. Elements for a new strategy]. PMID- 7375789 TI - [Immunosuppressive agents]. PMID- 7375790 TI - [Use of corticoids in immunologic diseases]. PMID- 7375791 TI - [Immunologic purification]. PMID- 7375792 TI - [Immunology (II). In practice...one should remember...]. PMID- 7375793 TI - [Relations between general medicine and oncology]. PMID- 7375795 TI - [Changes in the incidence of cancers]. PMID- 7375794 TI - [Kinetics of cell proliferation in tumors. Significance of the preclinical period]. PMID- 7375796 TI - [Prevention and detection of cancers]. PMID- 7375797 TI - [Pretherapeutic evaluation of cancer. Necessary and adequate investigations]. PMID- 7375798 TI - [Oncology. In practice...one should remember...]. PMID- 7375799 TI - Effect of histamine on the lower esophageal sphincter pressure in normal subjects and patients with gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 7375800 TI - Dietary control of hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - A prospective study of the effect of dietary control of hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) was carried out in 1,800 adult out-patients. The patients with type II A were treated with a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, with substitution of polyunsaturated fat. Additional carbohydrate and alcohol restriction was applied to patients with types II B, III and IV HLP. Caloric restriction was prescribed for overweighted patients. These diets were followed by sequences of stabilizing diets which were modified quarterly. After 7 years the best results were obtained for type IV (50%) followed by II B (22%). The nutritional HLP treatment, in keeping with the metabolic dependence, corrected HLP to one third of the initial sample, without improving the objective cardiovascular disturbances. PMID- 7375801 TI - HBs antigen and blood glucose concentration. AB - HBsAg presence was studied by counterelectrophoresis (CEP) in 76 patients with liver cirrhosis and in 431 patients with diabetes mellitus. A striking correlation was found between high blood glucose values and HBsAg absence. Thus, HBsAg-negative cirrhotics (53%) had significantly higher levels of glycemia than the HBsAg-positive patients of the same age group, i.e. 95.75 +/- 6.36 ng/100 ml compared to 78.30 +/- 10.2/100 ml. This absence of HBsAg was also observed in all diabetics but one. As the incidence of HBsAg (CEP) was found to be of 3.63% in 253,460 subjects from different areas of Romania and 6.84% in 14,690 subjects with various non-hepatic diseases included, the chance of finding the 0.2% HBsAg incidence observed in the diabetics would be less than 0.0002 and 0.0001, respectively. The serum HBsAg absence in cirrhotics with high glycemia and in diabetics strongly incriminates the constant high concentrations of blood glucose as the main factor responsible for this negativity. The effect may be direct on virus replication, or indirect, by metabolically-induced hepatic dysfunction interfering with HBsAg secretion or excretion. The presence of high concentrations of glucose in cell culture media might explain the repeated failure of hepatitis B virus serial passage in tissue or organ culture. PMID- 7375802 TI - Duration of the right atrial monophasic action potential and the transitions between atrial arrhythmias and sinus rhythm. PMID- 7375803 TI - Atrial bigeminy with short coupling interval. PMID- 7375805 TI - [Surgical treatment of diabetic gangrene (author's transl)]. PMID- 7375806 TI - [Response of the heart rate and blood pressure to a model of psychic stress (arithmetic problem) in veteran runners]. PMID- 7375804 TI - Philogenetic evolution of the coronary artery intima and its relevance to atherosclerotic involvement. PMID- 7375807 TI - [Orthoclinostatic response of the heart rate and blood pressure in veteran runners. Effect of age and training]. PMID- 7375808 TI - Alterations in plasma antithrombin III following total hip replacement and elective cholecystectomy. AB - Antithrombin III activity and immunoreactive antithrombin III was determined in 31 patients before elective surgery and 3 h, 1, 3 and 7 d after. The values fell about 10--20% from 3 h to 3 d, but had returned to preoperative levels by the seventh day. A fall to 40% was seen. The fall in activity was a little smaller than the fall in immunoreactive protein. PMID- 7375809 TI - Familial functional antithrombin III deficiency. AB - A family with a tendency to thrombosis and decreased antithrombin III (AT III) activity in plasma, but normal immunoreactive AT III is reported. 7 members of the family had the AT III defect, 4 of whom have had thrombotic episodes. The importance of biological determination of AT III when studying patients with recurrent thrombotic episodes is emphasized. PMID- 7375810 TI - Histomorphometrical determination of bone marrow cellularity in iliac crest biopsies. AB - The point-count principle is an exact method of bone marrow quantitation but fairly good correlation was found between quantitated and estimated values of the cellularity in iliac crest biopsies, although the latter values were significantly lower. No intraspecimen variation was found, but the cellularity in the individual biopsies varied considerably from field to field, indicating that quantitation and estimation on small samples obtained by aspiration may be misleading. The correlation between the values from undecalcified and decalcified sections was high, but decalcification of the biopsies resulted in an underestimation of the amount of haemopoietic tissue. PMID- 7375811 TI - Acute plasma cell leukaemia followed by extramedullary plasmacytoma. AB - A 54-year-old male was hospitalized because of lethargy, weight loss, an upper abdominal mass, hepatosplenomegaly and peripheral blood plasmacytosis of 66%. The diagnosis of acute plasma cell leukaemia was established, and after chemotherapy was initiated, the patient entered complete remission. 6 months later, he developed extramedullary plasmacytoma with involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, right inguinal lymph nodes and right orbit. Response to chemotherapy was poor and he died without evidence of plasma cell leukaemia. The possibility of the existence of extramedullary plasmacytoma at the onset of the disease, expressed by the appearance of plasma cell leukaemia only at the beginning and by extramedullary spreading at the terminal stage is discussed. PMID- 7375812 TI - Presence of a non-splenic platelet pool in man. AB - 3 asplenic but otherwise healthy men, in whom autologous platelets had been labelled with radioactive sodium chromate, received i.v. infusions of epinephrine in a dose of 0.35 micrograms per kg per min over a period of 20 min. In response to these infusions an increase in the concentration of labelled platelets (average 8% over the basal value) was seen in all 3 subjects. In no case was the maximal increase in the venous haematocrit higher than 1%. Identical experiments were also carried out on 3 intact male volunteers. As compared to the asplenics, the mean maximal increase in platelet-bound radioactivity was considerably higher (41%). It is concluded that a small but significant epinephrine sensitive non splenic platelet pool is present in humans. PMID- 7375813 TI - Clot retraction in a factor XIII free system. AB - The role of Factor XIII in clot retraction was studied using the plasma from Factor XIII-deficient patients. Time course experiments revealed no significant difference in clot retraction between a plasma deficient in Factor XIII and one to which purified Factor XIII had been added. Using Factor XIII-free fibrinogen and Factor XIII-deficient platelets, it is shown that there is no significant difference in clot retraction with or without added Factor XIII. PMID- 7375814 TI - Procarbazine-induced skin reactions in Hodgkin's disease and other malignant lymphomas. AB - A total of 44 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 23 patients with non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma were treated with MOPP-combination chemotherapy. 4 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 8 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma developed urticaria or maculo-papular rash. This frequency of hypersensitivity reactions is higher than that expected from the few cases reported in the literature. PMID- 7375815 TI - Studies of the haemopoietic microenvironments. III. Glycosaminoglycan levels in relation to phenylhydrazine-induced erythropoiesis in the mouse liver. AB - The possible relation between haemopoietic activity and glycosaminoglycan levels in the haemopoietic microenvironment was examined in ectopic erythropoiesis, induced by phenylhydrazine treatment, in the liver of adult mice. The hepatic glycosaminoglycan content in the liver was determined biochemically over a period of 9 d following induction of haemolytic anaemia. After induction sulphated glycosaminoglycan levels increased up to d 4, then decreased to subnormal levels on d 5 and returned to normal values on the following days. The pattern of changes in GAG content coincided with changes in the number of CFU-S and with the number of erythroblasts in the liver. This observation fits in with the hypothesis of McCuskey et al (1972) stating that high sulphated glycosaminoglycan levels are favourable for stem cell proliferation, whereas low sulphated glycosaminoglycan levels favour erythropoiesis. PMID- 7375816 TI - Lineation of the osmotic fragility curve of erythrocytes. AB - Lineation of the osmotic fragility curve by the method of Detraglia et al (1974) may be performed in most samples from a hospital population. Using the lineation procedure, the osmotic fragility may be tested by only 2 solutions of known osmolarity without any great loss of precision or accuracy. The osmotic fragility curve may be described by 2 values: C50 = the concentration at which 50% of the erythrocytes are haemolyzed and C50--C80 = the decrease in concentration raising the fraction of haemolysis from 0.50 to 0.80. PMID- 7375817 TI - Haemoglobin concentrations and erythropoietin levels in appropriate and small for gestational age infants. AB - Capillary Hb concentration on the first day of life was registered in 201 infants with weight appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and in 99 infants small for gestational age (SGA). In both groups Hb increased towards term (P less than 0.01), while the SGA infants reached higher Hb concentration at term (21.5 +/- 1.9 g/dl; mean +/- SD) than the AGA infants (17.9 +/- 1.5 g/dl) (P less than 0.001). The cord serum erythropoietin (EP) level increased towards term equally in both groups. Delivery did not seem to influence the EP level as same values were obtained in cord serum from infants delivered by elective cesarean section as after uncomplicated vaginal delivery. No correlation was found between cord serum EP and first day capillary PCV. Postnatally a rapid fall in the EP level occurred. In healthy adults no serum EP activity was detected. It is suggested that increasing hypoxia, rapid growth, and shift from hepatic to myeloid erythropoiesis may be related to the increasing Hb concentration and serum EP level towards term. Improvement of oxygenation during air breathing may cause the decreasing serum EP level after birth. PMID- 7375819 TI - Activation of 125I-factor IX and 125I-factor X: effect of tissue factor and factor VII, factor Xa and thrombin. AB - Activation of Factor IX and Factor X was studied by adding 125I-Factor IX or 125I Factor X to reaction mixtures and quantitating cleavage products by reduced sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis. Thrombin failed to activate Factors IX or X; Factor Xa produced insignificant amounts of cleavage products of both factors. In contrast, the reaction product of tissue factor and Factor VII cleaved large amounts of both Factor IX and Factor X in purified systems and in plasma. In incubation mixtures of plasma containing added 125I-Factor IX or 125I Factor X, tissue factor and Ca2+ ions, the percentage of total radioactivity in the heavy chain peak of 125I-IXa and the heavy chain peak of 125I-Xa increased at a similar rate. When the tissue factor was diluted, similar curves were obtained for percent cleavage of 125I-Factor IX and percent cleavage of 125I-Factor X plotted against tissue factor concentration. These findings support the hypothesis that activation of Factor IX by the tissue factor-Factor VII reaction produce represents a physiologically significant step in normal haemostasis. PMID- 7375818 TI - 3H-thymidine uptake in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. AB - The clinical variability of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is well known. The short and long term prognosis is usually difficult to predict in the individual case. In the present work the proliferative activity in peripheral CLL cells of 38 patients was analysed by 3H-thymidine uptake and a proliferative index (PI = labelling index x white blood cell count/1 x 10(-9)) was calculated. A strong correlation between PI and clinical disease activity was found. Thus 22 out of 23 patients with non-progressive disease had normal values (PI less than 10). 8 out of 8 cases with PI greater than 20 had a clear disease progression in all blood variables. The PI interval 10--20 comprised both patients with progressive and patients with non-progressive disease. Variations in PI correlated well to variations in clinical disease activity in 8 patients examined at intervals during long term treatment. The results indicate that determination of PI might be used as therapy guide since it was normalized during successful treatment. PMID- 7375820 TI - Folate concentration in top, middle and bottom layer of packed red cells in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency: relation to treatment. AB - In response to specific treatment of vitamin B12 deficient, anaemic patients there is an influx of folate into the young, circulating red cells. To separate new and old cells, capillary tubes filled with whole blood were centrifuged and the packed red cell column divided into top (T), middle (M) and bottom (B) layer. The newest cells are found in the T layer. The increase in red cell folate (RCF) concentration starts before, during or after the reticulocyte response, and is therefore not directly related to folate metabolism in the red precursor cells in the marrow. The low RCF concentration at the peak of the reticulocyte response in some of the cases demonstrates that the folate material, which may have been accumulated in the red precursor cells in the marrow, may be lost by the time the red cells enter the peripheral blood. The influx of folate into the young, circulating red cells is rapidly followed by an efflux of folate, suggesting that much of the folate material is still in the monoglutamate form. A new influx of folate is noted after a time lapse of from 5 to 10 d. Iron deficiency seems to prevent the uptake of folate by the circulating red cells. PMID- 7375822 TI - Phagocytic and chemotactic function of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leucocytes in patients with recurrent staphylococcal infections. AB - From 21 patients with chronic or recurrent staphylococcal infections, phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear (MN) leucocytes were evaluated. Also chemotactic responsiveness and the capacity of their sera to opsonize Staph. aureus was tested. The chemotactic, phagocytic and bactericidal capacity of PMN's and MN's from patients was significantly decreased. The mean uptake of Staph. aureus by patient PMN's and MN's was 65% and 44%, respectively, as compared to 85% and 75% observed with PMN's and MN's from 38 healthy donors. The phagocytic activity of 17/21 patients (81%) was below the normal range. A decreased chemotactic mobility and bactericidal capacity of patient leukocytes was also found and was always accompanied by a decreased rate of ingestion. Although a great variability was noted in the phagocytic capacity of leucocytes from patients tested repeatedly over periods up to 82 weeks, the mean value for phagocytosis remained below the normal range in 10/11 patients included in the follow-up study. Except for 1 patient with dysgammaglobulinemia, sera from the patients contained normal amounts of immunoglobulins and complement (CH50 and C3), and they all effectively opsonized Staph. aureus. The results indicate that defects in leucocyte function may be frequently involved in the pathogenesis of recurrent Staph. aureus infections. PMID- 7375823 TI - Chronic meningitis in patients with dental infections. AB - 4 patients with a history of initial fever 2--4 weeks passing on to fever peaks every 3rd to 6th day with afebrile intervals repeating for months are presented. Three of them had dental infectious foci mainly in maxillar teeth and 1 patient was treated by a dentist 1 month before onset. None showed meningism or clinical signs of encephalitis. Extensive investigations resulted only in findings from the central nervous system. The EEG was slightly pathological in all cases and papilloedema was found in 2 cases. In the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) a pleocytosis extending over months, transient presence of plasma cells and increased proteins in the gamma region on agar electrophoresis was found. In 1 case antigen from Streptococcus milleri, a commensal of the mouth flora at times isolated from infectious dental foci, was detected in CSF by counterimmunoelectrophoresis 6 weeks after onset of the disease. Treatment with penicillin had no effect on the fever. Three patients received antiphlogistic drugs with benefit and their dental foci were treated by a dentist. PMID- 7375824 TI - Postoperative deep venous thrombosis and infectious complications. A clinical study of patients undergoing colo-rectal surgery. AB - The connection between deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and postoperative infectious complications (PIC) was studied in 170 patients (mean age 65.7 and 40--86 years) who had undergone open large bowel or rectal surgery. DVT was diagnosed by the 125I-fibrinogen method. DVT of the legs was found in 36 patients. In 58 patients with PIC the frequency of DVT in 41 patients receiving low-dose heparin was 29% and in 17 patients without heparin prophylaxis 71% (P less than 0.01). In 112 patients without infection the frequency of DVT in 98 patients receiving low-dose heparin was 12% and 14 patients without heparin prophylaxis 7%. The frequency of DVT was significantly lower in patients without infection compared to those with PIC (P less than 0.001). Serious DVTs were more common in patients with PIC compared to those without PIC (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that infections after open large bowel and rectal surgery is an important risk factor for the development of DVT. Low-dose heparin significantly reduces the frequency of DVT in infected patients. PMID- 7375821 TI - Stereological studies on chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and hairy cell leukaemia. AB - Using stereological techniques at the ultrastructural level, 7 quantitative parameters for 7 patients with hairy cell leukaemia, 27 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, and 8 normal individuals. These quantitative data show clear differences between normal lymphocytes, CLL cells and the abnormal cells of HCL. They also show that it may be possible to subdivide CLL into distinct groups on quantitative criteria. PMID- 7375825 TI - Empiric treatment of fever in acute leukaemia with tobramycin-cephalothin, and the escape clause provision of corticosteroids. AB - 29 episodes of suspected septicaemia in patients with acute leukemia were treated empirically with tobramycin 180--240 mg/day intravenously together with cephalothin 12 g/day. Patients without documented infection who did not respond to antibiotics and whose fever developed after a course of cytotoxic drugs, were given the provision of high dose corticosteroid therapy. Infection was documented microbiologically or clinically in 13/29 episodes. Septicaemia was proven in 7, and 6 had pneumonia. Neutropenia was present in 18/29 episodes. A satisfactory response to initial therapy was achieved in 7/13 with documented infection and in 9/16 without proven infection. The overall good response was 55%, 5/7 cases with septicaemia, but only 2/6 with pneumonia responded well. The 2 septicaemia patients who did not respond had Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis. In 16 episodes without documented infection 7 did not respond to initial therapy. To 4 of them, who were subject to recent cytotoxic drug administration, high dose corticosteroid therapy was given, and 3 of them responded well. Of the remaining 3 non-responders, one became afebrile after cytostatic and one after prednisolone treatment. Serum assays of tobramycin were done on the 1st and 5th day of therapy and no difference in concentration was observed on these 2 occasions. Five patients developed renal failure, but this was attributed to antibiotic therapy only in 1, who initially had an elevated serum creatinine. It is concluded, that in hospitals where pseudomonas is not a dominating pathogen, tobramycin- cephalothin may be a good combination to start empiric therapy with. In patients without proven infection, who have recently been subjected to cytotoxic therapy, and who do not respond to the initial course of antibiotics, a high dose of corticosteroids may be tried, provided the patient is monitored for the hazard of bacterial infection. PMID- 7375826 TI - Absorption and excretion of metronidazole after administration of metronidazole benzoate mixture. AB - Serum concentrations and urinary excretion of metronidazole after single dose therapy were investigated in patients with giardiasis. A metronidazole benzoate mixture was administered to 10 adults in total doses of 2 g and to 6 children in doses of approximately 50 mg/kg body weight. No unhydrolyzed metronidazole benzoate was found in the serum. The maximum serum concentrations of metronidazole averaged 30 microgram/ml. These values as well as estimated metronidazole absorption were approximately 30% lower than in 3 adult patients given single doses of 2 g of pure metronidazole in tablet form. PMID- 7375827 TI - Late postoperative infection caused by Pasteurella multocida. AB - Pasteurella multocida is often found in local infections after animal bites. Septic conditions however are rare. A case of late infection by P. multocida at the site of the osteosynthesis 1 year after a primarily healed pertrochanteric fracture is described. The patient had a cat. After extraction of the plate and screws and treatment with penicillin the infection healed uneventfully. PMID- 7375828 TI - Long-term follow-up of chronic hepatitis patients with HBsAg, HBeAg and Dane particles associated DNA polymerase in serum. AB - Nine patients with chronic HBsAg-positive hepatitis and persistence of HBeAg and/or core-associated DNA polymerase activity in serum for at least 1 year were followed up regularly with liver function tests for 2--7 years after onset of illness. HBsAg was present in all patients during an average follow-up period of 5 years. Seven of the 9 patients had persistently abnormal liver function tests. Persistence of HBeAg and/or Dane particle associated DNA polymerase in serum for more than 1 year after onset of illness thus seems to indicate a further long period of HBsAg present in serum and impaired liver function. PMID- 7375829 TI - Haemophilus parainfluenza--an uncommon cause of septicemia and endocarditis. AB - 6 cases of endocarditis and 1 of septicemia caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae have been observed in our hospital from 1970 to 1977, as against no case from 1957 to 1969. The mean age of the patients was 46 years. The clinical picture did not differ from that seen in cases of septicemia and endocarditis from other cases. In 4 cases no underlying heart disease was known. In 2 of them, endocarditis developed in the mitral and in 1 in the aortic valve. Of 3 patients with preexisting heart disease, 2 had involvement of the aortic valve and 1 of the mitral valve. Six patients were cured, 2 or possible 3 by treatment with ampicillin, 2 with cephalothin, and 1 with co-trimoxazole. In 2 patients intractable heart failure necessitated the insertion of prosthetic valves, and 1 patient died. Thus, cases of septicemia and endocarditis due to H. parainfluenzae have been observed only in recent years and they appear to be serious infections. PMID- 7375830 TI - Distribution of pneumococcal types in the Stockholm region 1976--1978. AB - During 1976--1978 1347 pneumococcal strains from 3 bacteriological laboratories in the Stockholm region were typed using antisera from the State Serum Institute; Copenhagen, Denmark. Typing was done with immunoelectroosmophoresis (IEOP), which has been found to be a simple and reliable method for this purpose. In the whole material types 6, 23, 19 and 3 were the most common, accounting for 21, 18, 17 and 12%, respectively. Types 6, 19 and 23 dominated greatly in children less than 7 years, accounting for 67% of the isolates; a more even distribution with type 3 as the most frequent (16%) pneumococcal type was seen in people greater than or equal to 15 years. In relation to their overall frequency, type 4, and to a lesser degree types 3, 8 and 9, were more often isolated from blood and spinal fluid. Types 3 and 9 were also more frequently isolated from patients with pneumonia than from pneumococcal carriers, while types 6 and 19 were more frequent in carriers. Types represented in the recently introduced 14-valent pneumococcal vaccine constituted 70--86%. PMID- 7375831 TI - Priapsim: evaluation of treatment with special reference to saphenocavernous shunting in 26 patients. AB - In the past, idiopathic priapism was not treated at all or was conservatively managed by measures including aspiration and irrigation of the corpora cavernosa. Restoration of erectile function rarely resulted. Various venous bypass procedures have been tried since Grayhack, McCullough, O'Connor & Trippel in 1964 described the technique of saphenocavernous shunting in idiopathic priapism. Over a ten-year period 31 instances of priapism were seen in 30 patients. In 26 cases the priapism was classified as idiopathic. Saphenocavernous shunting was done in these 26 patients. At follow-up seven of them were potent. Our data indicate that alcoholism may be an aetiologic factor in idiopathic priapism, since 15 of the 26 men had a history of massive alcohol consumption. Idiopathic priapism should be regarded as a surgical emergency, and a venous shunt should be performed. PMID- 7375832 TI - Cellular and renal toxicity of a urographic contrast medium used in high concentration in uremic patients. AB - The potential toxicity of the urographic contrast medium sodium iothalamate (Conray) has been tested after a bolus injection of 160 ml (66 g iodine) on patients with advanced renal insufficiency. Experiments were performed to investigate the effect of uremic plasma from 5 patients sampled before and after contrast injection on human mononuclear phagocytes cultured in vitro. To investigate the nephrotoxicity, endogenous creatinine clearance was measured before, during and after urography in 25 patients with advanced renal insufficiency (group 1) and in 9 transplanted patients with chronic kidney rejection (group 2). Uremic plasma did not exert further depressive effect on the mononuclear phagocytes after contrast injection when compared to normal plasma indicating no toxicity on this cell model. Neither did the contrast injection exert any depressive effect on creatinine clearance in any of the groups indicating no measurable nephrotoxicity. The urographic technique, particularly the control of fluid balance is found to be very important. PMID- 7375833 TI - Microsurgical replantation of an amputated penis. AB - The microneurovascular replantation of a completely amputated penis is described. Fifteen hours after the replantation an arterial reanastomosis was performed due to a secondary thrombosis. The result after 3 months is excellent, with returned capacity of erection. PMID- 7375834 TI - Topical application of 5-fluorouracil cream: a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of urothelial tumours of the distal urethra. A case report. AB - A case of secondary urothelial tumour of the distal male urethra is presented. The tumour was successfully treated by local application of 5-Fluorouracil cream. No side-effects were observed. Repeated topical applications of 5-Fluorouracil may be a therapeutic alternative to surgical treatment of urothelial urethral tumours. PMID- 7375835 TI - Single vaginal ectopic ureter and solitary kidney, associated with imperforate anus and other malformations. A case report. AB - We describe a unique case with various congenital malformations. The most significant were: An abnormal solitary kidney with a single vaginal ectopic ureter, chronic renal tubular acidosis, imperforate anus, agenesis of the uterus and gallbladder and sacral and vertebral deformities. PMID- 7375836 TI - Angiographic work-up in a patient with late vaginal metastasis from a renal carcinoma. AB - Vaginal metastasis from a renal cell carcinoma appeared 23 years after the primary surgery in a 64-year-old female. At angiographic work-up local recurrence in the renal fossa and liver metastasis were demonstrated. These findings indicated radiation treatment instead of radical surgery of the vaginal metastasis, which primarily was though to be solitary. Angiography and/or computorized tomography (CT) of the retroperitoneal space and the liver should be performed in patients with late and presumed solitary metastasis from a renal cell carcinoma before radical surgery of the metastasis is attempted. PMID- 7375837 TI - Functional bladder neck obstruction. Late results after endoscopic bladder neck incision. AB - The effect of endoscopic bladder neck incision for functional bladder neck obstruction was assessed in 28 consecutive patients with a follow-up period of up to 50 months. The operation had excellent effect on the patients' symptoms consisting mainly of weak stream and/or recurrent urinary infections. Uroflowmetry at the postoperative follow-up study showed a statistically significant increase in as well maximum flow rate as mean flow rate. The bladder neck incision carried very few complications, and the average postoperative stay in hospital was 2.8 days. It is important to be aware of the condition functional bladder neck obstruction, and the diagnosis should be based upon uroflowmetry and voiding cystourethrography. In borderline cases with only slightly reduced urinary flow rate, additional pressure-flow studies should be applied to demonstrate infravesical obstruction. PMID- 7375838 TI - Prostatism. II. The correlation between cysto-urethroscopic, cystometric and urodynamic findings. AB - The cysto-urethroscopic findings in 93 out of 107 consecutive patients referred for symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction were assessed and graded with special reference to bladder wall trabeculation, patency of the bladder neck, prostatic occlusion of the urethra, the estimated prostatic weight and the bladder neck verumontanum distance. The cysto-urethroscopic findings of trabeculation and prostatic enlargement were not statistically significantly correlated to the cystometric demonstration of detrusor hyperreflexia. However, urodynamic parameters of infravesical obstruction judged by the opening pressure, maximum flow rate and the calculated urethral resistance were statistically significantly correlated to the cysto-urethroscopic findings of prostatic occlusion of the urethra, increased bladder neck-verumontanum distance and an increased prostatic weight estimated at cystoscopy. It is concluded that cysto-urethroscopy gives good information of as well the site as the hydrodynamic severity of organic infravesical obstruction. PMID- 7375840 TI - Intracavitary Epodyl for multiple non-invasive, highly differentiated bladder tumours. AB - Multiple, recurrent cancer of the bladder grade I-II (WHO), stage T1 (UICC) was treated with regular intravesical instillation of ethoglucid (Epodyl) in 39 patients. In ten of them cystitis necessitated withdrawal of the treatment. The therapeutic schedule could be followed in 29 cases, with eradication of the tumours in 27. Nine patients who continued the treatment on a prophylactic basis were still recurrence-free after 18-60 (mean 37) months. Myelosuppression did not occur, but cystitis was a serious problem that frequently jeopardized therapy. PMID- 7375839 TI - Urothelial dysplasia in random mucosal biopsies from patients with bladder tumours. AB - A prospective study of the incidence of urothelial dysplasia in random mucosal biopsies from cystoscopically normal appearing mucosa was carried out in 90 patients with bladder tumours at the initial diagnosis. More than 50% of invasive bladder tumours were accompanied by wide-spread urothelial dysplasia, in half of these cases characterized as carcinoma in situ supporting the idea that bladder cancer is a diffuse urothelial disease. Although suggesting an early radical treatment of invasive bladder cancer, such action should not be taken before a careful follow-up study of these patients have provided information on the natural history of diffuse urothelial dysplasia associated with bladder tumours. PMID- 7375841 TI - Total replacement of the ureter with a segment of ileum. A follow-up study. AB - Total replacement of the ureter with a segment of ileum was performed on seven patients. Five of them were followed up for a mean of 20 months. The results of the operation were good. Serum electrolyte imbalance occurred postoperatively in one case. PMID- 7375842 TI - Sex differences in the crystalline composition of stones from the upper urinary tract. AB - Stones from the upper urinary tract of 172 male and 73 female patients have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Pure calcium oxalate stones contribute 39.5% of all stones from men, but only 6.9% of stones from women. This difference is consistent both above and below 50 years of age and largely independent of whether patients with known causes of stone formation are excluded. Other sex differences, such as a greater tendency to pure calcium phosphate and triple phosphate stones in female patients, are to a large extent dependent on demonstrable causes. The possibility of analysis error is discussed, considering the possibility of minor amounts of calcium phosphate being overlooked in "pure" calcium oxalate stones. Although this possibility cannot be rejected, there will still be a definite male preponderance of calcium oxalate stones with no or minimal admixture of calcium phosphate. PMID- 7375843 TI - Intravenous pyelography versus radioisotope renography combined with plain roentgenography of the urinary tract in the follow-up of patients with ureteral calculi. AB - Isotope renography combined with plain roentgenography of the urinary tract was compared with intravenous pyelography in the follow-up of 50 patients with pyelographically confirmed, radiopaque ureteral stone. The combined method was as informative as intravenous pyelography regarding the site of the obstruction, and gave better information on the function of the renal parenchyma and the passage of urine. Since in the combined method the level of radiation to which the patient is exposed is much lower than in intravenous pyelography, and since no allergic reaction to the combined method has been reported, it would seem useful in the follow-up of patients with roentgenographically visualized ureteral stone. PMID- 7375844 TI - Primary hyperoxaluria. An analysis of 17 Scandinavian patients. AB - Primary hyperoxaluria is a hereditary disease caused by an inborn error of glycine/glyoxalate metabolism. This study presents the results of a Scandinavian survey of patients with primary hyperoxaluria diagnosed and/or treated through the years 1967 to 1976. Altogether 17 patients, 13 males and four females, were reported. The age at onset of the disease varied between three months and 29 years and the age at diagnosis between eight months and 45 years. Ten of the patients were still alive at the end of 1976 at ages between 14 and 49 years. In diagnosing primary hyperoxaluria attention is paid to the simultaneous determinations of the urinary excretion of oxalic acid, glycolic acid and glyoxylic acid. None of the different therapeutic measures in primary hyperoxaluria have, so far, received extensive evaluation. At present, large doses of pyridoxine in combination with taurine seem worth further investigation with a larger number of patients. PMID- 7375845 TI - Urine composition in patients with renal stone disease during treatment with allopurinol. AB - Thirty-four male and seven female patients with urolithiasis were treated with 300 mg allopurinol daily for one year in order to prevent stone recurrences. The mean serum-urate concentration in all patients, and the urine urate excretion in patients with a pre-treatment urate excretion above 250 mmol per mol creatinine were significantly reduced. The mean urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium and oxalate was unaffected by the treatment, although six of eight patients with a pre-treatment oxalate excretion above 25 mmol per mol creatinine demonstrated lower urine oxalate values during the treatment. No significant differences were obtained concerning the calcium/magnesium or calcium x oxalate/magnesium x creatinine quotients, but lower values of the calcium x oxalate x urate/magnesium x creatinine2 quotient were observed during allopurinol administration. PMID- 7375846 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. AB - Comparisons were made between 15 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and 27 cases of transitional cell carcinoma. The frequencies of calculosis and infection of the urinary tract were higher in the squamous cell group. These patients were somewhat older than the patients with transitional cell carcinoma and had a much poorer prognosis. Only five of them survived for a year and only one was still alive after five years. Squamous cell carcinoma generally occurred as a single tumour. The urothelial carcinomas showed the recognized tendency to multiplicity. Cytologic examination of the urine may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis. Monitoring of patients with renal pelvic calculi should include regular cytologic examination of the urine, in the hope that squamous cell tumours of the urinary tract will be detected at an early stage. PMID- 7375847 TI - Surgical correction of renovascular hypertension in patients with one kidney. A report of 9 cases. AB - Nine patients with severe renovascular hypertension underwent surgical revascularisation of their single kidney. The blood pressure normalized postoperatively in seven patients. Four of them no longer required antihypertensive medication and three required only moderate doses. One patient died of myocardial infarction three days after the operation. The ninth patient also became normotensive, but preoperative renal failure progressed and she died of cardiac failure while on haemodialysis 16 months postoperatively. The results suggest that single-kidney renovascular hypertension is more amenable to surgery than is unilateral disease in patients with two kidneys, because the hypertensive effect of the other kidney is lacking. PMID- 7375849 TI - Bacterial colonization of human urethral mucosa. I. Scanning electron microscopy. AB - A scanning electron microscopic investigation of the urethral mucosa of altogether ten men and women subjected to cystourethrectomy because of urothelial cancer of the urinary bladder was performed. The mucosal cells were found to be polygonal and characterized by the presence of microvilli and microridges. No sex difference could be demonstrated. Although a higher number of cells carrying microridges was found in the proximal part of the urethra, no statistical difference in the number of cells with various surface topography was found in different parts of the urethra. The micrographs revealed that the number of urethral cells to which bacteria were attached, was low, also in patients with proven preoperative infection. The bacteria, mainly cocci, seemed to exhibit a preferential adherence to a subpopulation of urethral cover cells, as indicated by the observation that the organisms were not attached randomly. The possibility that different cell surface properties may explain this distribution is considered. PMID- 7375848 TI - The 125I-Hippuran renogram in rabbit kidneys after graded warm ischaemia. AB - 125I-Hippuran renography was performed after temporary renal arterial clamping in contralateral nephrectomized rabbits. Mean renograms for the experimenttal groups were calculated for 0, 1, 1 1/2, 2, 2 1/2 and 3 h of warm ischaemia. The appearance phase, the 1 min uptake phase and excretion ratio were evaluated. The kidney function was monitored by serum-creatinine. Warm ischaemia of 1, 1 1/2 and 2 h resulted in a late maximum peak and delayed excretion, and for the last group in an accumulation curve. The uptake capacity was normal for these groups. Protracted ischaemia of 2 1/2 and 3 h affected also the appearance and uptake phase resulting in a slower and decreased Hippuran uptake of 50% and 34% respectively. Duration of warm ischaemia and changes in the renogram were well correlated. A normal uptake phase predicts restitution of the kidney function and 100% survival. PMID- 7375850 TI - Mortality and autopsy rate from urogenital diseases in Finland in 1955-1973. AB - Mortality from various urogenital diseases including the malignant neoplasms of the genito-urinary system and the breast in Finland in 1955-1973 was studied. Only minor changes were found in the total death rate of all these diseases between 1955 and 1973. However, the age-specific death rates of the nephritis nephrosis group decreased both among males and females. Also mortality from all other urogenital diseases than malignant neoplasms decreased among elderly and middle-aged people. Mortality from malignant neoplasms of the breast increased slightly among elderly women and that of the prostate among elderly men. The autopsy rate of the deaths due to all other urogenital diseases (33.5% in 1973) than malignant neoplasms (27.4%) was of the same order as that recorded for all natural deaths (33.2%) in Finland between 1963 and 1973. Many types of malignant urogenital neoplasms remained significantly under-autopsied. The highest autopsy rates of the single urogenital diseases were recorded for acute nephritis and unqualified nephritis; the respective national rates were 90 and 71%, in 1973. These rates exceeded highly significantly the mean national autopsy rate of all deaths which was 38.2%. PMID- 7375851 TI - Monoamine oxidase in schizophrenia: an overview. AB - A brief history and summary of studies designed to elucidate the role of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in schizophrenia are presented. The majority of these studies have reported a decrease in the platelet enzyme activity of chronic schizophrenic patients when compared to controls. Difficulties encountered when comparing MAO activity measured in different patient populations are also considered. Finally, the significance of decreased platelet MAO activity is discussed with respect to its possible etiological role in some forms of schizophrenia. PMID- 7375853 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in subgroups of schizophrenic disorders. AB - This article summarizes findings from a series of studies that examined platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in patients with nonaffective schizophrenic disorders and schizophrenia-related depressions. The findings indicate that mean platelet MAO activity was not different from control values in the subgroup of nonaffective schizophrenic disorders without auditory hallucinations (that is, the S-1 subgroup). However, mean platelet MAO activity was reduced in the subgroup of nonaffective schizophrenic disorders characterized by the presence of auditory hallucinations often occurring in conjunction with paranoid features (that is, the S-2 subgroup). Moreover, we found that mean platelet MAO activity was increased in schizophrenia-related depressions characterized by histories of chronic asocial, eccentric, or bizarre behavior. PMID- 7375852 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase and plasma amine oxidase in psychiatric patients. AB - Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and plasma amine oxidase (PAO) activities were determined in 70 normal controls and 76 psychiatric patients. Platelet MAO activity did not differ between the normal controls and patients diagnosed as schizophrenic or primary affective illness, although there was a strong trend for chronic schizophrenics to have lower MAO activity. Schizophrenic patients with Schneiderian-type hallucinatiions had significantly lower MAO activity than normal controls or schizophrenic patients who did not hallucinate. There was no relationship between hallucinations and platelet MAO activity in patients with affective psychoses. Paranoid schizophrenics did not have significantly different MAO activity from nonparanoid schizophrenics. PAO activity was generally lower in all diagnostic groups than in normal controls, but the results were statistically significant only for acute schizophrenics. PMID- 7375854 TI - Platelet MAO activity: relationships to clinical and psychometric variables. AB - Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was measured in a group of hospitalized male psychiatric patients. The findings of this study confirm previous reports of: (1) reduced platelet MAO activity in patients with auditory hallucinations, (2) reduced platelet MAO activity in patients with alcoholism, and (3) a positive correlation between platelet MAO activity and a psychometric index of social introversion. PMID- 7375855 TI - Further studies on the endogenous inhibitor of monoamine oxidase in schizophrenic plasma. AB - Platelet-free plasma from schizophrenic patients satisfying research diagnostic criteria for chronic schizophrenia was obtained and mixed with platelet-rich plasma from normal controls. Decreases in control platelet monoamine oxidase activity were observed, with some control platelets apparently much more sensitive than others to the inhibitory activity of the chronic schizophrenic plasma. Experimental conditions and selection from sensitive control individuals seem crucial in demonstrating the presence of endogenous inhibitors in schizophrenics' plasma. PMID- 7375856 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase in families of chronic schizophrenics. AB - Many reports have described low platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in chronic schizophrenia. In an effort to determine whether this low activity is genetically controlled, the authors studied platelet MAO activity in the first degree relatives of 12 chronic schizophrenics (who themselves had low platelet MAO activity). The 29 relatives had significantly lower mean Vmax and Km values than a control group. The authors postulate that the low platelet MAO activity among chronic schizophrenics may be a genetic marker for vulnerability to chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 7375857 TI - Sources of error in the determination of platelet monoamine oxidase: a review of methods. PMID- 7375858 TI - Platelet heterogeneity: relevance to the use of platelets to study psychiatric disorders. AB - Laboratory workers in fields outside of hematology have shown increased interest in the platelet as an investigative model over the past decade. Simultaneously, primary knowledge about platelet biology has expanded rapidly. It is now clear that many of the platelet's specific properties may influence the collection and interpretation of platelet-related, experimental data. or example, platelet heterogeneity, with respect to physical and function character exerts a significant impact on platelet-related experiments. This report highlights some of the recent advances in the area, with specific emphasis on the area of platelet aging and its effect on the use of platelets as an investigative tool. PMID- 7375859 TI - Protein content and monoamine oxidase activity in platelets. AB - Platelets of healthy subjects and patients suffering from various disorders were assayed for their monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and protein content. The latter tended to be lower with increasing platelet count. A linear correlation with negative slope between count and protein content was found to exist in platelets obtained from schizophrenic, parkinsonian, and (specific development) dyslexia patients. MAO activities appeared to vary significantly with respect to age and sex. In schizophrenic patients, a significant depression of MAO activity occurred which was more marked in chronic than in acute cases. Even larger activity reductions were seen in platelets of insulin-dependent diabetics while the MAO was enhanced in male dyslexic boys. When MAO activity was assessed with different substrates and methods, the results correlated well with each other. Small, but consistent discrepancies, however, arose in the schizophrenia data when compared with the control values. PMID- 7375861 TI - Some current matters of monoamine oxidase biochemistry. AB - Some problems in the basic biochemistry of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and the regulation of its concentration in tissues are considered. The substrate preferences of muscle MAO do not conform to the current distinction between A and B forms of the enzyme. Examples of this are given for skeletal and cardiac muscle. Although the enzyme concentration is low in this tissue, its relatively great mass suggests that it has a role to play in monoamine metabolism. The significance of riboflavin and iron for MAO activity is discussed. PMID- 7375860 TI - Molecular properties of the monoamine oxidases. AB - To understand the biological significance of a decreased platelet MAO activity in schizophrenia, it is important to answer many questions about the basic molecular properties of the enzyme. The past decade has witnessed a huge expansion of research in this area which has provided some of these answers. A wide variety of experimental evidence strongly supports the concept of two forms of MAO (types A and B) that are present in most tissues but in varying relative amounts. However, human platelets contain only the type B form of MAO. This review discusses what is known about the molecular properties of MAO, what questions remain unresolved, and the significance of both the answered and unanswered questions to understanding the measurement of platelet MAO activity in schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7375862 TI - Demographic, biologic, and other variables affecting monoamine oxidase activity. AB - Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity has been shown to be influenced by a variety of demographic, biologic, and other variables. Human platelet, plasma, and brain enzyme activities correlate with age and are higher in women. Brain catecholamines tend to decrease with age. The acute effects of ethanol on platelet MAO do not appear to be significant, but chronic ethanol ingestion could influence enzyme activity through a variety of possible mechanisms. Numerous drugs and hormones have been shown to alter platelet and tissue MAO. Heterogeneity of platelet size, density, age, and enzyme activity complicates the study of MAO in clinical populations. Newer platelet isolation techniques may diminish the variability due to platelet sampling. Studies of platelet MAO activity in schizophrenia require that careful attention be given to controlling for variables possibly influencing the blood enzyme activity, such as prior neuroleptic treatment. The limited studies of brain MAO activity in man fail to demonstrate differences between patients with schizophrenia and normal controls. PMID- 7375863 TI - Metabolic factors affecting monoamine oxidase activity. AB - While genetics may be the major determinant of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, many hormonal, dietary, and even immunological factors may also be important. Knowledge of these factors may be helpful not only in understanding individual variation in MAO levels, but in the application of platelet MAO activity as a clinical laboratory aid. PMID- 7375864 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase in affective illness and alcoholism. AB - The authors review the literature on the relationship of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) to affective disorders and alcoholism. Although some studies have reported an association between low platelet MAO and bipolar illness, others have failed to replicate this finding. Alcoholism has been related to affective disorders, and it is of note that three studies have found low MAO in alcoholics. Given the physiological consequences of alcoholism, however, the interpretation of these findings is unclear. The authors conclude that nonspecificity of low platelet MAO as a possible correlate of bipolar affective disorder, as well as schizophrenia, increases the burden of proof necessary before findings of low platelet MAO can be accepted as primary. PMID- 7375865 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. AB - Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was studied in 108 children and adolescents with psychiatric illness and 67 control subjects. Platelet MAO activity was higher in male children with a psychiatric disturbance than in male control subjects. There was a gradual decline in platelet MAO activity during childhood and adolescence. Associations were demonstrated between MAO activity and hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count, and should be considered in biological studies of vulnerability to psychiatric illness. PMID- 7375866 TI - An 18-month followup of students biologically at risk for psychiatric problems. AB - A prospective investigation using platelet monoamine oxidase activity and cortical evoked response augmenting/reducing to predict the onset of new episodes of affective disorders was conducted in a college sample. During an 18-month period between clinical interviews, higher incidences of major depression and hypomania characterized the low MAO/aociated with affective psychopathology in the original retrospective study. PMID- 7375867 TI - Parents of high risk subjects defined by levels of monoamine oxidase activity. AB - Thirty-seven parents of probands with low platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity levels and 38 parents of high MAO probands were examined for MAO activity, past and present psychopathology, and reported psychopathology in other relatives. Results showed generally positive and significant correlations between parents' and children's MAO levels, significantly greater rates of "high MAO related" disorders in parents and relatives of high MAO probands and of "low MAO related" disorders and symptoms in parents and relatives of low MAO probands. Support for a two-directional monoamine hypothesis of affective disorders is suggested. PMID- 7375868 TI - Studies on the effect of (+)catechin on connective tissue in the guinea pig and in organ culture. AB - Decreased biosynthesis of (14C) hydroxyproline in skin collagen was observed after injection of the flavonoid (+)catechin into guinea pigs. No alteration in already synthesized collagens was noted, as measured by the content of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine. No alteration in the content of skin acid glycosaminoglycans was observed. The variable binding of (+)catechin to different tissues was demonstrated. No special sensitivity to the drug of any collagen type was found. PMID- 7375869 TI - Immunological effects of Biarison in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. A preliminary report. AB - In two different double-blind studies (Study 1: 27 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis in an early phase, and Study 2: 20 selected patients with rheumatoid arthritis and acute knee effusion) the efficacy of Biarison, a new non steroidal antiinflammatory agent was compared with that of indomethacin. The daily dose of Biarison was 600-900 mg and that of indomethacin 50-100 mg. Overall clinical improvement was observed in both treatment groups, but the two treatments differ in their effects on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the immunoglobulin levels in both serum and synovial fluid. In the Biarison group there was a significant decrease in ESR and serum IgG, IgM and IgA. Biarison has also been used in the treatment of active SLE (Study 3), and a good clinical improvement was noticed in 5 out of 8 patients. These preliminary results suggest that Biarison may influence the immunological processes in both rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7375870 TI - Early rheumatoid arthritis in the USSR and in Finland. AB - In 1974-76 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (duration less than or equal to 6 months) were investigated at the Institute for Rheumatism, Moscow, and at the Rheumatism Foundation Hospital, Heinola, Finland. Of 200 patients in each centre, 142 sex- and age-matched patients were chosen and followed up for one year. Despite common selection criteria, appreciable differences were found in clinical involvement, X-ray findings and laboratory results. Many of these may be due to difficulties in the standardization of methods rather than to actual national differences in the clinical picture and course of the disease. In both institutions, almost every patient was given systemic antirheumatic drugs, but there were notable differences in the choice of drugs: gold was preferred at Heinola, chloroquine or cytostatics were more commonly used in Moscow. The use of both local and peroral corticosteroids was similar, while surgery was used only in Heinola and spa treatment only in Moscow. PMID- 7375872 TI - Two fatal cases of mixed connective tissue disease. Description of case histories terminating as progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - Two fatal cases of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) terminating as progressive systemic sclerosis are described clinically, serologically and pathologically. The prognosis of mixed connective tissue disease is probably more grave than that of systemic lupus erythematosus in spite of prednisone treatment. PMID- 7375874 TI - Management of hypertension and changes in blood pressure level in patients included in the hypertension register of the North Karelia Project. AB - A major subprogramme of the North Karelia Project has been the hypertension programme which aimed at lowering the high blood pressure levels prevalent among the whole population of the province of North Karelia, and especially among middle-aged men. A community-based hypertension register, which served as the major tool of the programme, was established to keep patients under treatment and to gather information about the progress of the programme. The registration of the hypertension subjects was continued from 1972 to 1977; the registered patients had annual follow-up examinations. After 5 years of the programme, there were approximately 17 000 registered patients, which was 9.7% of the total population. The proportion of drop-outs at the annual follow-up examinations was 10-20%. 83% of the registered hypertensive subjects were undergoing drug treatment after 3 years' intervention. The percentage of normotensive subjects increased significantly year by year. PMID- 7375873 TI - The role of lay workers in community health education: experiences of the North Karelia project. AB - The role of natural community leaders in serving as lay health workers in a comprehensive community health programme has been explored. In rural Finland, nearly 300 persons were trained to detect cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, high-cholesterol diet, high blood pressure) in their communities, and to advise community members of the desirability of lowering these risk factors. Initial data from studies of the lay health workers and their intervention work support the concept that carefully select community health workers who are to varying degrees representative of their local populations, can well act as intermediaries in preventive health care strategies. PMID- 7375876 TI - Construction of the computerized accident registration system in a casualty department. AB - The main benefit of computerized accident registration systems is that they assist, with the help of multi-dimensional cross-tabulation of variables, in the identification of high injury risk areas in the community. The E code of the International Classification of Diseases has been the traditional means for the causal classification of injuries. The applicability of its abridged version in ambulatory care settings was tested by the development of a classification with 50 accident type categories in the framework of the computerized statistics in a large casualty department treating more than 30 000 new injuries annually. With maximally effective coding, the proportion of the 'Other accidents' category of the E code (E929) of all injuries can be reduced to 10%, but not less than that without its division into subcategories. Obviously, the E code should be further developed, better to meet the needs of ambulatory care. The registration system of this casualty department includes also a 15-category accident place classification, a 3-digit ICD diagnosis as well as demographic and time variables. In order to improve its problem identification power, accident object (agent) should still be added into its variable arsenal. PMID- 7375875 TI - Morbidity related to smoking and other risk factors. A population study of disability pension, hospital care and sickness benefit days among middle-aged men in Malmo, Sweden. AB - In 1969 a cohort of 703 men born in 1914 was screened to determine the prevalence of cardivascular and pulmonary diseases among middle-aged men. Smoking habits and other cardiovascular risk factors were registered. Hypertension was treated. The disability pension rate among non-smokers was considerably lower than that for smokers. Also the proportion of individuals who had been admitted to hospital and the proportion of individuals who had reported sick was lower in non-smokers than in smokers. The ex-smokers showed an intermediate position both in terms of disability pension rate and in proportion of individuals admitted to hospital. High systolic blood pressure, high cholesterol level and high triglyceride values in 1969 were not associated with increased disability pension rate, hospitalization rate or with increased sick leave. PMID- 7375871 TI - The effect of indomethacin on renal function in man. AB - Twenty-one patients with rheumatoid arthritis were given indomethacin 25 mg t.i.d. by mouth for 3 weeks followed by indomethacin 25 mg t.i.d. plus a 100 mg suppository at night, after a 5-day period on placebo capsules. The mean (+/- S.E.) 24-hour creatinine clearance was 57.8 +/- 5.7 ml/min in the placebo period and was not significantly altered during indomethacin therapy, 53.1 +/- 5.5 ml/min in the oral period and 56.6 +/- 6.4 ml/min in the oral plus suppository period (P greater than 0.1). In 6 volunteers, duplicate 2-hour creatinine clearances were performed after a single oral dose of 50 mg indomethacin. After placebo capsules the mean creatinine clearance was 133.7 +/- 9.5 ml/min and after 50 mg indomethacin it was 126.5 +/- 8.9 ml/min (P greater than 0.1). In 4 of the volunteers the mean creatinine clearance after 8 days on indomethacin 25 mg q.i.d. was 117.1+/- 5.3 ml/min (P greater than 0.1). Indomethacin plasma concentrations were in the usual range for the dose given. Indomethacin caused no reduction in the creatinine clearance in spite of causing significant inhibition of prostaglandin E synthesis. PMID- 7375877 TI - Retirement and mortality. AB - The present study investigated the effects of retirement on the mortality of the retired. The basis of retirement for the present subjects was in all cases age, not sickenss. The subjects were 1176 men retired on old age pension. In the present study, retirement could not be shown to have any long-term or short-term effects on mortality pointing to retirement not being such a stress situation as to result in an increase in mortality. PMID- 7375879 TI - Hypertension control in North Karelia before the intervention of the North Karelia Project. AB - The baseline survey of the North Karelia Project was carried out to measure the level of cardiovascular risk factors in the target population. These data on the prevalence, detection and treatment of hypertension obtained in the survey were utilized in planning the main programme. The survey was carried out in 1972 and 4275 persons aged from 25 to 59 (6.5% random sample) were examined. The prevalence of hypertension was high--21% of women and 15% of men were judged as being in need of treatment for hypertension. The blood pressure level of men was higher than that of women below 45 years of age, but in all age groups women were more often undergoing treatment. Although majority of people had had their blood pressure checked recently, only half of those who were aware of hypertension had ever been under treatment, and at the time of examination only 13% of those men and 10% of those women had restored normotension. Only one-fifth and one-third of the women who had used drugs had been under treatment for more than 5 years. Thus, the need to provide a systematic hypertension control scheme in North Karelia was urgent, as described in many other communities in the developed world. The main reason for this lies in the inability of the health care system which has not been able to maintain patients on long-term follow-up and treatment. PMID- 7375878 TI - Adjustment and behaviour of Finnish immigrant children in Stockholm. II. The parents' assessment. AB - The object of the investigation was to study the behaviour and adjustment of Finnish children following their immigration to Sweden, and to see whether there was any connection between the families' acclimatization and the children's adjustment at the time of the investigation, three years after their migration from Finland. The material consisted of 40 children from 27 families. The parents were interviewed by a Finnish psychologist. The results were co-ordinated with those of an investigation of the same children at school. To judge from the parents' statements, behavioural disorders were to be found in the children more often after immigration than prior to it or three years after. The disturbances most often mentioned as appearing after migration were shyness, poor self-esteem, nail-biting and psychomotor unrest. Children from homes where the parents reported the existence of relationship disturbances, problems with alcohol or depression were more often maladjusted and had greater difficulty in being accepted at school. Even if the adjustment of immigrant children to school can be improved by educational measures, this should also be considered in the context of the families' and parents' situation in society. PMID- 7375880 TI - The Bjork-Shiley aortic prosthesis: Flow characteristics of the present model vs. the convexo-concave model. AB - Thrombus formation on the aortic face of the disc and tissue overgrowth along the sewing ring adjacent to minor outflow region are major clinical pathologic findings observed with the present model Bjork-Shiley aortic prosthesis. These pathologic findings may be attributed to the stagnation zone observed near the aortic face of the disc, and the low flow and shear in the minor outflow region of the prosthesis. In hope of reducing these pathologic conditions the new convexo-concave Bjork-Shiley prosthesis was developed. In vitro velocity measurements made with a laser-Doppler anemometer in the immediate downstream vicinity of the convexo-concave Bjork-Shiley aortic valve indicate that the design changes have decreased the size of the stagnation zone and have increased flow and shear in the minor outflow region. We conclude that the problems of thrombus formation and tissue overgrowth may be reduced in the new convexo concave Bjork-Shiley aortic valve. PMID- 7375881 TI - Prognostic significance of distal blood pressure measurements in patients with severe ischaemia. AB - The clinical course was followed and the ankle and toe blood pressures were measured with the strain gauge technique on 5 occasions during 2 years in 43 patients with pain at rest and/or ischaemic ulceration due to severe ischaemia of the legs on the basis of occlusive arterial disease. Although arteriosclerosis of the legs in non-diabetic patients is generally considered a benign disease from the standpoint of limb survival, the critical level of TPI (systolic toe blood pressure/systolic arm blood pressure) was found to be 0.07 as a TPI below this value was associated with an overall 82% risk of amputation. With TPI above 0.07, the chance of successful conservative therapy was about 40%. Diabetics with severe ischaemia must be regarded as a high risk group in respect of amputation (64%) and lethality (64%). A variance analysis was made on the pressure data: In patients with low pressure peripheral vascular beds, the TPI must change more than 0.15 units from one examination to another before the alteration can be considered significant at the 99% confidence level. PMID- 7375882 TI - Cold hypersensitivity after sympathectomy for Raynaud's disease. AB - Two patients with socially handicapping Raynaud's disease underwent bilateral upper thoracic sympathectomy. One to two days after the operation, both developed local hypersensitivity to cold in the form of a rebound. The cold hypersensitivity persisted in one of the patients, although complete degeneration of vasoconstrictor fibres was proven by absence of the sympathetic veno arteriolar reflex after sympathectomy. Pre-operative sympathetic blockade could not predict the outcome of sympathectomy. PMID- 7375883 TI - The relationship between postoperative empyema and long-term survival after pneumonectomy. Results of surgical treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - In order to present the possible influence of postoperative empyema on the survival rate of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, who had been treated by pneumonectomy, a retrospective investigation was made upon 207 patients over a 10 year period. In patients with and without a complicating postoperative empyema, a cumulative survival rate of 0.04 and 0.26, respectively, was found. The difference was not significant. However, other retrospective investigations on the influence of postoperative empyema on long-term survival after surgical treatment for bronchogenic carcinoma have shown results that might stimulate prospective studies on the subject. Furthermore, this investigation showed that the probability of long-term survival was highest in patients under 60 years of age, when the bronchogenic carcinoma is a planocellular carcinoma located in the left lung without postoperative empyema. Among pneumonectomized lung cancer patients, the mortality was above expectancy, even 8-10 years after operation compared with the estimated survival rate in the average population. PMID- 7375884 TI - Pleural mesothelioma. AB - The difficulties in diagnosing pleural mesothelioma, both clinically and histopathologically, are documented by our experiences with this rare tumour during an 18-year-period. A rising incidence of pleural mesothelioma is reported in the literature, which is suspected to be caused by the increasing use of asbestos. This increase is not represented in a non-industrialized area. The heterogenous treatment reported in cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma illustrates the poor results achieved hitherto. Now treatment with either combination chemotherapy or radioactive drugs is recommended. PMID- 7375885 TI - Penetrating thoracic trauma. AB - An analysis of 337 wilfully inflicted penetrating thoracic injuries is made. In 22 cases thoracotomy was performed; in 19 cases laparotomy was indicated, ten times for direct trauma and nine times for lesions caused by abdominal stabbing in addition to penetrating thoracic injuries. Eight patients died, one of whom was not operated on. A necrology is presented and it is also concluded from the recent literature that a more aggressive approach, e.g. immediate operation, is indicated for serious penetrating thoracic trauma. PMID- 7375886 TI - Husfeldt hernia repair: indications and results. A follow-up study. AB - Ninety-seven consecutive patients with hiatal hernia were operated upon with a modified Husfeldt hernia repair during a ten-year period. Thirty-two of the patients had severe reflux complications, such as ulcerative oesophagitis, oesophageal stricture and shortened oesophagus. Ninety patients were carefully followed up postoperatively. The mean duration of follow-up was 5 years. Analysis of the postoperative results in relation to the type of hernia showed no difference between sliding and combined hernia. Recurrence of hernia, unsatisfactory clinical results and gastro-oesophageal reflux were recorded more often in patients with severe reflux complications. The main cause of unsatisfactory results in these patients was found to be a shortened oesophagus. The method proved to be a reliable procedure for surgical treatment of not only uncomplicated hernias, but also cases complicated by oesophageal stricture if the stricture was not associated with shortened oesophagus. It is considered that a shortened oesophagus is a contra-indication for employment of the Husfeldt method. PMID- 7375887 TI - Gastroplasty combined with partial fundoplication. AB - Gastroplasty, as proposed by Collis, combined with fundoplication of varying degree, has been increasingly used during recent years for management of hiatal hernia complicated by shortened oesophagus and oesophageal stricture. A modification of this procedure using 180 degree fundoplication and the transthoracic-transdiaphragmatic approach is described. Thirty consecutive patients have been subjected to the procedure since 1973. The clinical results and results of X-ray examinations and laboratory investigations of gastro oesophageal reflux in 29 patients examined postoperatively are analysed. The concept of combining artificial lengthening of the oesophagus with fundoplication is considered to be a promising approach for solving the problems associated with the management of hiatal hernia complicated by shortened oesophagus. PMID- 7375888 TI - Central haemodynamics at rest and during exercise before and after combined aortic and mitral valve replacement with the Bjork-Shiley tilting disc valve prosthesis. AB - Pre- and postoperative haemodynamics were compared in 36 patients with combined aortic and mitral valvular disease. These patients suffered from markedly restricted cardiac function in terms of cardiomegaly, low physical working capacity, hypokinetic central circulation and pulmonary hypertension. Valve replacement was performed with the Bjork-Shiley Delrin disc (10) and pyrolytic carbon disc (26) prostheses and followed by subjective improvement in the majority of patients. Heart volume decreased and working capacity increased in average significantly, but were not restored to normal. The main response to surgery was a shift towards a normokinetic circulation, although many patients remained hypokinetic. There was also regression of pulmonary hypertension as a result of reduced left atrial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. In spite of a significant decrease in left atrial mean pressure, it remained elevated with prominent v-waves in many patients, particularly during exercise. Marked v-waves in the right atrial pressure curves were also noted in one third of the patients. Only one patient, however, suffered from clinically manifested tricuspid incompetence. This study shows the benefits of combined aortic and mitral valve replacement, even in patients with longterm haemodynamic burden on the myocardium. Although the central haemodynamics were almost normalized at rest, abnormal responses persisted during exercise. PMID- 7375889 TI - Late thrombotic malfunction of the Bjork-Shiley tilting disc valve in the tricuspid position. Principles for recognition and management. AB - Among 52 consecutive patients surviving tricuspid valve replacement with the Bjork-Shiley tilting disc valve, follow-up extends between 1/2-9 years, mean 4.9 years. Four patients suffered thrombotic obstruction of their tricuspid prosthesis on 8 occasions, an incidence of 3.2%/year. Ebstein's anomaly and deficient anticoagulation were identified as likely contributory factors, but the complication remained unexplained in 2/8 instances. Thrombotic malfunction of the tricuspid prosthesis seems to constitute a relatively benign clinical entity with mild manifestations and diagnostic possibilities by non-invasive methods. Relief by means of thrombolytic treatment in the form of streptokinase (Kabikinase) (4) or replacement of the clotted prosthesis (4) involved neither disabling complications nor mortality. Our clinical observations and experimental studies suggest that thrombolytic therapy is effective, provided that prosthetic malfunction is due to a recent red clot, whereas encapsulation of the prosthetic disc by organized white-grey pannus necessitates re-operation. Streptokinase treatment should be attempted before surgery, but it is hardly meaningful to proceed for more than 24 hours. Restored prosthetic function within this time limit indicates the likely resolution of a red clot. PMID- 7375891 TI - Complete atrioventricular canal associated with tetralogy of Fallot. Successful repair using a new surgical technique. A case report. AB - A modified Mayo technique was successfully employed to correct a case of complete atrioventricular (a-v) canal associated with tetralogy of Fallot. The technique included: 1) separated patch closure of the atrial and ventricular septal defects, 2) attachment of the a-v valves between the two prosthetic septa without suturing the clefts, 3) mitral valve commissuroplasty, 4) relief of the right ventricular outflow obstruction. Postoperative catheterisation revealed normal haemodynamic findings. The child is asymptomatic two years after the operation. PMID- 7375890 TI - Myocardial protection during aortic valve replacement. Cardiac metabolism and enzyme release following hypothermic cardioplegia. AB - Cardiac metabolism following hypothermic potassium cardioplegia was studied in 23 patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement. All had normal coronary arteries. Cardioplegia was induced by infusing 700-1 000 ml of cold Ringer's acetate containing 20 mekv K+ selectively into the left coronary artery. Simultaneous blood samples were taken from the radial artery, a central vein and from the coronary sinus before and after cardioplegia. The PO2, O2-saturation and content, PCO2, pH, lactate, glucose, potassium, myoglobin, total creatine kinase (CK), its isoenzyme CK-MB, aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) were assessed. Before bypass lactate was extracted by the heart. During the initial 10 to 20 min after cardioplegia there was a marked release of lactate in the coronary sinus. Myoglobin concentration and CK-MB serum activity peaked during the first 4 hours after the release of the aortic cross clamping. In order to determine the best indicator of myocardial damage after cardioplegia, duration of extracorporeal circulation (ECC-time), aortic occlusion time (AOT), mean myocardial temperature (MMT) and the product of AOT and MMT, referred to as time-temperature area (TTA), were related to possible indicators of myocardial injury, such as enzyme and myoglobin release. The TTA was the best way of expressing the degree of exposure of the heart to ischaemia. The CK-MB to peak area (CK-MB max area) was the best indicator of the degree of ischaemic injury sustained by the heart during operation. PMID- 7375892 TI - Effect of cold ischaemic arrest and subsequent coronary reperfusion on the intrinsic adrenergic innervation and neural noradrenaline of the atrial myocardium during aortic valve replacement. AB - The effect of cold ischaemic arrest (aortic cross-clamping for 50-70 min during general hypothermia of +30 degrees C, associated with local cardiac cooling with +4 degrees C saline solution) and subsequent coronary reperfusion (20-30 min) on the intrinsic adrenergic innervation of the right atrial myocardium, was studied in 10 patients in the course of prosthetic aortic valve replacement using the glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence histochemical method. No clear changes were observed: (a) the morphological integrity of the intrinsic adrenergic nerve net remained intact, (b) no obvious depletion occurred in the neural noradrenaline level, (c) the procedure did not affect the "droplet fibres" (i.e. huge axonal accumulations of noradrenaline). Thus, the common need for catecholamine support during and after weaning off from cardiopulmonary bypass does not seem to be explained by damage to the adrenergic axons or depletion of the adrenergic neurotransmitter noradrenaline. PMID- 7375893 TI - Aortic valve replacement. A randomized study comparing the Bjork-Shiley and Lillehei-Kaster disc valves. Transvalvular regurgitation and occurrence of paravalvular fistulas. AB - Three hundred patients were selected at random in order to compare the Bjork Shiley (B-S) and the Lillehei-Kaster (L-K) valves in the aortic position. The transvalvular regurgitation was evaluated by peroperative flow recordings in 97 cases. The leakage was found to be 7.6% and 7.5% of forward flow in the B-S and L K valves, respectively. The regurgitant flow pattern, however, was different in the two groups, as leakage on closure was significantly larger in the L-K valves, and the leakage after closure of the disc was significantly larger in the B-S valves. Follow-up cine-aortography was carried out two years postoperatively in 91 patients. The contrast leakage through the valves was found to be minimal (Grade I) in about 90% in both groups. In one patient with a L-K valve no leakage could be demonstrated. In the remaining patients the leakage was moderate (Grade II). Paravalvular fistulas were demonstrated in three patients from each group. In one patient the paravalvular regurgitation was marked (Grade III), in the others moderate (Grade II). Cine-aortography was also carried out in a further 9 patients, in whom a paravalvular leakage was suspected according to clinical follow-up examinations. In four of these patients a paravalvular regurgitation was demonstrated. The leakage was moderate in two patients and severe (Grade IV) in another two, who were successfully re-operated on. PMID- 7375894 TI - Late results of operation for coarctation of the aorta in patients more than 35 years of age. PMID- 7375896 TI - Management of dissecting aneurysms of the aorta. PMID- 7375895 TI - Late results of operation in children with coarctation of the aorta. PMID- 7375897 TI - [Obesity: state of research and therapy]. AB - The classification of obesity into a hypertrophic and a hyperplastic type is apparently becoming less accepted since preadipocytes are not covered by investigation of adipose tissue cellularity. Obesity-associated insulin resistance is probably due to a decrease in number of insulin receptors, induced by hyperinsulinemia. Metabolic factors may contribute to insulin resistance. Long standing hypersecretion of insulin may exhaust the B-cell, resulting in glucose intolerance and diabetes. There is increasing interest in the (possibly) disturbed energy metabolism in obesity, though clearcut conclusions are not yet possible. For the management of obesity an integrated treatment schedule is recommended including a 1000 calorie mixed diet, intensive nutritional education, motivation, group and individual psychotherapy, physical exercise and physiotherapy. Drastic methods for the treatment of obesity are critically reviewed. PMID- 7375899 TI - [Daily blood sugar and hemoglobin A1 or A1c profile for the surveillance of diabetes therapy]. AB - Two new diagnostic tools to assess blood glucose control in ambulatory diabetics have recently been introduced. The first represents a self-monitoring of ambient blood glucose levels by the patient who prepares capillary blood samples during a day of regular activities. Blood glucose is determined by the laboratory on the following day. Self-monitoring of 24 hr blood glucose profiles is valuable to assess blood glucose excursions, and particularly, to detect unrecognized hypoglycemias. The second new tool is the determination of hemoglobin A1 or A1c which represents an indicator of blood glucose control during the last 3-4 months. We noted in stable non insulindependent diabetics a highly significant correlation between fasting blood glucose levels and hemoglobin A1c content. Since in these patients there is also a close correlation between fasting blood glucose and average daily blood glucose levels, a correlation was calculated between the mean daily blood glucose level and HbA1c content. Derived from this correlation, the average daily blood glucose level can be estimated from the HbA1c value in insulin-dependent diabetics in whom the casual blood glucose may not be representative for their overall blood glucose control. Thus HbA1 resp. HbA1c represents a reflection of the mean blood glucose level during the last 3-4 months. Particularly, it allows the detection of metabolic decompensation which is not clinically evident and which remained undiscovered by single blood glucose measurements. PMID- 7375898 TI - [Lowering of lipids: a true prevention?--a justified therapy?--a true controversy?]. AB - Cholesterol and triglycerides are a measure of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). These lipoproteins are of causal significance in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). High density lipoproteins (HDL) probably provide protection against atherosclerosis and CVD. Their concentration is, however, poorly reflected by total cholesterol which necessitate a direct determination of HDL-cholesterol. The HDL-C/total cholesterol quotient yields the best CVD risk prediction. True prophylaxis is given if serum lipid lowering leads to lower VLDL and LDL. Lipid lowering therapy diminishes the risk of CVD. In special cases, regression of atherosclerosis was observed under consequent lipid lowering therapy. Thus therapy is warranted. Some guidelines to lipid lowering therapy are given. The controversy surrounding lipid lowering therapy is in part a consequence of ignorance of the facts. More serious is the controversy as to whether atherosclerosis is a sequela of a single cause or of multifactorial origin. The latter view seems more probable and true prophylaxis will take other risk factors into account as well as lipid lowering measures. PMID- 7375900 TI - [Glucose determination in the hemolysate, manual analysis]. AB - A method for the manual determination of glucose in hemolysate is described. Both hexokinase/G6P-DH (e.g. Glucoquant) and glucose dehydrogenase can be used as reagents. The two methods correlate satisfactorily with an approved method. Correlation with an automated method: Gluc-DH: r = 0,98323; hexokinase/G6P-DH: r = 0,94172. PMID- 7375901 TI - [Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and radionuclide angiography for the evaluation of outpatients with suspected coronary disease]. AB - Combined ECG/myocardial perfusion szintigraphy (MPS) exercise tests were performed in 82 out-patients with suspected CAD who eventually underwent left heart catheterization. The sensitivity of MPS as compared to ECG was higher in patients with angina (86% vs. 67%) as well as in patients with atypical symptoms (63% vs. 25%). Here MPS was also more specific than ECG (86% vs. 68%). Combination of both tests improved sensitivity even more. The comparison of radionuclide and contrast ventriculography in 20 patients studied at rest revealed an excellent correlation (r = 0.90). Changes in radionuclide ejection fraction during exercise in 60 subjects showed significant differences between normals (increase of greater than 10% above resting level) and patients with CAD (decrease in patients with angina, no significant change without angina). Methods and indications are briefly discussed in the light of this experience. PMID- 7375904 TI - [Normal arterial hypotension during sleep]. PMID- 7375903 TI - [Serous and mucinous ovarian cystadenomas at the limit of malignancy]. AB - The present study analyzes the anatomical and clinical elements in 53 cases of low potential malignant ovarian tumors (24 serous and 29 mucinous) from the biopsies of our Institute collected during the period 1966 to 1976. 17 serous tumors were stage I, 2 stage IIB, 3 stage III and 2 stage IV. All the mucinous tumors were stage I. 4 cases exhibited ascites. A third of the serous tumors were bilateral, while all the mucinous tumors were unilateral. Treatment in all cases was excision of the tumor with or without hysterectomy. In 12 cases complementary chemotherapy was given. Follow-up studies were performed only in 36 of the 53 cases and showed that no patient died of her tumor. This illustrates well the low malignant potential of this type of tumor even when discovered at an advanced stage. The diagnosis is histological and based on precise criteria requiring wide microscopic sampling. Experience shows that differentiation between borderline tumors and carcinoma is more difficult in mucinous than in serous tumors. Due to the particular classification of these tumors, which could lead to confusion, the diagnostic formulation must be absolutely accurate if it is to be understood clearly by the physician. PMID- 7375905 TI - [A characteristic, elicited from the medical history, which helps in the differentiation between organic and psychogenic symptoms]. AB - It is often difficult to differentiate between the organic and psychogenic origin of symptoms. One helpful characteristic for deciding the organic origin of a symptom is its change in intensity and/or quality as a function of the motor behavior of the patient. It can be assessed while taking the history. This observation is illustrated with reference to three cases. Its theoretical background corresponds to FREUD'S statement about the real versus the intrapsychic origin of a perception: A perception (in our case: a symptom) is real (of organic origin) if it can be made to disappear (to change in intensity and/or quality) by means of a motoric action on the part of the subject (i.e. of the patient). PMID- 7375902 TI - [The state of measles immunity and the success quota of measles vaccination in Basle nursery and elementary school pupils]. AB - Measles antibody determinations in kindergarten and primary school children in Basle-City showed that today just under 10% of 10-year-olds and roughly 25% of 5 year-olds have no immunity to measles. In the 10-year-old primary school children the effects of measles immunization are not yet markedly apparent, whereas almost half the kindergarten children already owe their measles immunity to immunization. No measles antibodies could be detected in 13,7% of the subjects who, according to their official vaccination certificates, had previously been immunized against measles. Most of these failures are probably due to careless routine immunization techniques. PMID- 7375906 TI - [The endocrinologist's viewpoint on the long-term treatment of asthma with steroids]. AB - The function of the pituitary-adrenal axis and the pathophysiology of iatrogenic hypercorticism with its clinical manifestations are described. The pathophysiology and clinical presentation of acute adrenal failure after withdrawal of steroid medication are also described. What the attitude of the physician confronted with the decision of giving steroids to an asthmatic patient should be is analysed, as well as the ways to administer steroid drugs in order to avoid as much as possible unwanted secondary effects. PMID- 7375907 TI - [The use of long-term steroid therapy in rural practice]. AB - About 25% of steroid-dependent asthmatic patients are treated repeatedly with intramuscular depot corticosteroids by their family doctors. The results of a questionnaire circulated amongst general practitioners in a rural area of Switzerland revealed that 57% of these doctors occasionally or habitually prescribe depot corticosteroids to patients with severe asthma. Only a small percentage of general practitioners realize that depot corticosteroids arrest adrenal function for several days or weeks. The long-term ineffectiveness of depot corticosteroids against asthma and their increased side effects are not universally known. PMID- 7375908 TI - [Problems of indication and execution of long-term steroid therapy in advanced disabling bronchial asthma]. AB - In the management of severe chronic asthma, extensive avoidance of known precipitating factors and optimum betastimulation supported by theophylline have pride of place. In combination with sodium cromoglycate they sufficiently relieve symptoms and lung function disturbances in most cases of adult extrinsic allergic asthma. The cases with chronic disabling intrinsic asthma need, in our experience, additional long-term use of corticosteroids. The intrinsic type (late onset, severe perennial course, aspirin intolerance, nasal polyps) is in many cases recognised only with difficulty. Detailed history-taking, reversibility of the lung function disturbances and eosinophilia in the sputum may in general differentiate it from chronic obstructive bronchitis and extrinsic asthma. The aim of the long-term use of steroids in asthma is to achieve the best effect with minimal risk. In this respect the following treatment schedule has proved its worth: daily administration of prednisone in a single morning dose, beginning with high doses of 40 to 50 mg with rapid reduction by 5 to 10 mg every 4 days to a dose of 15 mg, then gradual withdrawal in steps of 1 mg at longer and longer intervals with becotide support to achieve a daily maintenance dose of 2 to 6 mg prednisone or complete withdrawal. The response to the treatment under discussion is often excellent and the dangerous side effects are low. However, too rapid reduction of cortisone inhibits the success of this treatment plan. High doses of steroids over a long time (more than 10 mg prednisone daily), prescriptions in daily divided doses, depot administrations, self-medication, and repeated high pushes are the most common causes of the dangerous cortisone side effects and are therefore to be avoided. PMID- 7375909 TI - [Corticosteroid treatment of asthma]. AB - Inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) has proved to be an effective corticosteroid in the treatment of asthma, acting as if it were equivalent to about 5 to 10 mg of prednisolone per day but without the systemic side effects that may accompany oral treatment. The effectiveness of inhaled BDP is not associated with significant local side effects, the most common of which has proved to be oral candidiasis. There is no evidence to date that inhaled BDP promotes lung infection or damages the bronchial epithelium. PMID- 7375910 TI - [Frequency of minimal pulmonary lesions as precursors of tuberculosis]. AB - Numerous studies have referred to the degree of frequency with which so-called minimal pulmonary lesions are the starting-point for active pulmonary tuberculosis. In the present study, which takes the inverse approach, minimal lesions were searched for in medical records antedating the disease of patients treated for active tuberculosis. 343 case histories of pulmonary tuberculosis patients were scrutinized, representing 66% of declared cases among the reference population over a period of 7 years. After stringent selection, 78 case histories were retained as being likely to provide an answer to the question posed: minimal lesions were present in 41% of the cases prior to pulmonary tuberculosis. Although this is a high figure it is a minimum, since minimal lesions exist which are not reflected radiologically. PMID- 7375911 TI - [Acute respiratory distress syndrome after mycoplasma infection]. AB - The natural and treated course of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is generally satisfactory. Only a few cases with fatal outcome have been reported, mainly in immunosuppressed and debilitated patients. The case is reported of a healthy young woman admitted with acute respiratory failure, who developed diffuse interstitial fibrosing pneumonia followed by refractory hypoxemia. The diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia was at first suspected from an elevated specific titer in the standard complement fixation test, and then confirmed in the immunofluorescence study by the presence of granular deposits (mycoplasma) in the macrophages of lung tissue. The functional impairments associated with this unusually malignant evolution are discussed. PMID- 7375912 TI - [Spirometric course control after lung surgery]. AB - 72 patients who had undergone pulmonary resection for different causes and of varying degree were followed up by spirometry over a period of two years at 6 month intervals. The patients were allocated to groups according to the preexistent bronchiolar obstruction and extent of lung resection. FEV1 was found not to be essentially altered by surgery. The adaptation of lung function takes at least one year. Ventilatory reserves remain sufficient. The measured spirometric values in pneumonectomized patients two years after operation are 10% above predicted values. PMID- 7375914 TI - The perception of human growth. PMID- 7375913 TI - [Short-term effect of ketotiphen on physicochemical sputim characteristics in patients with chronic reversible respiratory diseases]. AB - Antihistaminic drugs may interfere with ion and water transport across bronchial epithelium, decreasing the water content of the bronchial mucus and thus adversely affecting mucociliary clearance. A double-blind trial was therefore undertaken to study the short-term effects of ketotifen, a new antiasthmatic drug with antianaphylactic and antihistaminic properties, on the physicochemical properties of sputum in 16 patients with clinically stable chronic reversible airway diseases. The study lasted 5 weeks, during which the patients received 2 mg ketotifen daily for two or three weeks and placebo for the remaining weeks; thus, all patients received both the active drug and a placebo. The patients were evaluated weekly and different measurements, including graded clinical observations, ventilatory tests and blood studies were carried out. Objective sputum measurements included 24-hour volume, dry weight, "apparent" viscosity (at a shear rate of 900 s-1), content of fucose, neuraminic acid, immunoglobulin A and acid mucus glycoprotein fibers. Of the sputum characteristics the daily volume decreased slightly after ketotifen. In contrast, sputum dry weight appeared to increase. The "apparent" viscosity showed a tendency to decrease. Fucose, neuraminic acid and immunoglobulin A content varied slightly, as did the percentage of acid mucus glycoprotein fibers. Since none of the sputum characteristics changed significantly during short-term therapy with ketotifen, this drug probably does not alter either the water content or the mucus biopolymers--both of which are responsible for the flow properties of bronchial mucus--thus presumably leaving mucociliary transport unchanged in patients with chronic reversible airway diseases. PMID- 7375915 TI - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase is inhibited by antibody to rat liver cytochrome P 450. AB - Antibody to the major purified cytochrome P-450 induced by 3-methylcholanthrene in rat liver strongly inhibits aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity of uninduced and benz[a]anthracene-induced human monocytes and lymphocytes. Antibody to the cytochrome P-450 induced by phenobarbital has relatively little or no effect on the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity of the same human cells. PMID- 7375916 TI - Regional assignment of genes for human esterase D and retinoblastoma to chromosome band 13q14. AB - The expression of human esterase D was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively in five persons with partial deletions or duplications of chromosome 13. The results showed that the locus of this enzyme is at band 13q14. Deletion of this same band in other subjects has been found previously to indicate a predisposition to the development of retinoblastoma, which was present in the four individuals in this study who had partial deletions of chromosome 13. Because of this close synteny, esterase D evaluation should aid in the diagnosis and genetic counseling of retinoblastoma. PMID- 7375918 TI - Picrotoxin convulsions involve synaptic and nonsynaptic mechanisms on cultured mouse spinal neurons. AB - The cellular mechanisms underlying picrotoxin-induced convulsive activity were studied by using mouse spinal neurons growing in tissue culture. Picrotoxin induced convulsive activity in most but not all of the cells studied. The activity could be inverted by polarizing to positive potentials and eliminated either by decreasing the ratio of calcium to magnesium or by applying tetrodotoxin. When applied locally to individual cells, picrotoxin lowered spike threshold and induced spontaneous firing in some but not all cells tested. The results suggest that picrotoxin-induced convulsive activity involves rapidly summating synaptic activity which may be evoked by high-frequency repetitive firing. PMID- 7375919 TI - Peer review: an experiment. PMID- 7375920 TI - Saccharin controversy. PMID- 7375921 TI - Ending sex discrimination in academia. PMID- 7375922 TI - The striking resemblance of high-resolution G-banded chromosomes of man and chimpanzee. PMID- 7375917 TI - Interaction of laminae of the cingulate cortex with the anteroventral thalamus during behavioral learning. AB - Neurons in deep laminae of the rabbit cingulate cortex develop discriminative activity at an early stage of behavioral discrimination learning, whereas neurons in the anteroventral nucleus of thalamus and neurons in the superficial cortical laminae develop such activity in a late stage of behavioral learning. It is hypothesized that early-forming discriminative neuronal activity, relayed to anteroventral neurons via the corticothalamic pathway, contributes to the construction of changes underlying the late-forming neuronal discrimination in the anteroventral nucleus. The resultant late discriminative activity in the anteroventral nucleus is then relayed via the thalamocortical pathway back to the superficial cortical laminae, promoting disengagement of cortex from further task processing. PMID- 7375923 TI - Intercellular adhesion: coconstruction of contractile heart tissue by cells of different species. AB - Dissociated embryonic rat myocardial cells and chick myocardial cells labeled with radioactive isotope coaggregate and establish intercellular junctions. These bispecific cells reconstruct synchronously beating myocardial tissue within 24 hours of culture. PMID- 7375924 TI - Reactivation of infant memory. AB - Three-month-old infants learned to activate a crib mobile by means of operant footkicks. Retention of the conditioned response was assessed during a cued recall test with the nonmoving mobile. Although forgetting is typically complete after an 8-day retention interval, infants who received a reactivation treatment- a brief exposure to the reinforcer 24 hours before retention testing--showed no forgetting after retention intervals of either 2 or 4 weeks. Further, the forgetting function after a reactivation treatment did not differ from the original forgetting function. These experiments demonstrate that (i) "reactivation" or "reinstatement" is an effective mechanism by which early experiences can continue to influence behavior over lengthy intervals and (ii) memory deficits in young infants are best viewed as retrieval deficits. PMID- 7375925 TI - Synthesis of the contingent negative variation brain potential from noncontingent stimulus and motor elements. AB - Slow shifts in brain potential (commonly called the contingent negative variation), obtained during a warned reaction-time task with a foreperiod of 1 second, were compared with waveforms synthesized by the addition of separately obtained potentials associated with individual (nonpaired) sensory stimuli and self-initiated motor movements. The synthesized waveforms match closely the actual contingent negative variation, suggesting that it is constituted largely of separate, noncontingent elements related to sensory and motor processes. PMID- 7375926 TI - Feeding increases dopamine metabolism in the rat brain. AB - Feeding induced by food deprivation is accompanied by an increased production of the dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the brains of rats. This neurochemical change occurs in the nucleus accumbens, the posterior hypothalamus, and the amygdala but not in other dopaminergic nerve terminal fields such as the corpus striatum. These results indicate that the release of dopamine from particular groups of central neurons is increased during feeding and suggest that anatomically distinct subgroups of central dopaminergic neurons serve different roles in the regulation of food intake. PMID- 7375927 TI - The fetal sound environment of sheep. AB - Hydrophones implanted inside the intact amniotic sac recorded sounds available to fetal lambs. Unlike recordings made from outside the intact amnion in human subjects, sounds produced at levels similar to normal conversation from outside the ewe were picked up without masking by maternal cardiovascular sounds. Noises from inside the mother were intermittent and linked to her activity. PMID- 7375928 TI - Of human bonding: newborns prefer their mothers' voices. AB - By sucking on a nonnutritive nipple in different ways, a newborn human could produce either its mother's voice or the voice of another female. Infants learned how to produce the mother's voice and produced it more often than the other voice. The neonate's preference for the maternal voice suggests that the period shortly after birth may be important for initiating infant bonding to the mother. PMID- 7375931 TI - Creationism in Iowa. PMID- 7375929 TI - Antibody to spermine: a natural biological constituent. AB - A protein that binds spermine specifically was separated from normal rabbit serum by affinity chromatography. Immunoelectrophoresis, the Ouchterlony immunodiffusion test, and gradient gel electrophoresis indicated that this protein has immunoglobulin characteristics and consists of several populations of antibodies to spermine. These were sequentially released from Sepharose-spermine gel by step-wise elution with solutions ranging in pH from 4 to 1. The binding constants varied from 5.0 x 10(8) to 11.1 x 10(8) liters per mole. These globulins did not react with monoacetylputrescine, L-ornithine, L-lysine, and histamine. Negligible cross-reactivity was detected with spermidine, putrescine, N8-monoacetylspermidine, cadaverine, and diaminopropane. Since perturbations in polyamine metabolism have been identified in several diseases, the study of extracellular polyamine homeostasis may reveal an important regulatory function for this protein. PMID- 7375930 TI - Acquisition of a memory skill. AB - After more than 230 hours of practice in the laboratory, a subject was able to increase his memory span from 7 to 79 digits. His performance on other memory tests with digits equaled that of memory experts with lifelong training. With an appropriate mnemonic system, there is seemingly no limit to memory performance with practice. PMID- 7375933 TI - Court finds that Science Digest infringes on logo of Science. PMID- 7375932 TI - Natural products from microorganisms. AB - Microorganisms are capable of producing natural products with widely divergent chemical structures. Greatest attention in the past has been paid to natural products that have antibiotic properties. Natural products accumulate in fermentation broths during secondary metabolism, a characteristic of the incomplete metabolic control operative in growth-inhibited microorganisms. With this general mechanism of biosynthesis, the natural products synthesized by microorganisms would be expected to have a broad range of pharmacological activities. The directed screening for non-antibiotic natural products has been of limited scope. The expectation that new compounds of interest would be found has been validated. The pharmacologically active natural products provide previously unrecognized structures as tools for fundamental research programs, as well as offering the possibility of direct use in medicine or in industrial processes. PMID- 7375935 TI - Love Canal residents under stress. PMID- 7375936 TI - Kindling induces long-lasting alterations in response of hippocampal neurons to elevated potassium levels in vitro. AB - The cellular basis of kindling was studied electrophysiologically with slices of guinea pig hippocampus. Normally, epileptiform activity can be induced in the slices only by combined exposure to elevated potassium levels and a chemical convulsant such as penicillin. In hippocampal slices from pentylenetetrazole kindled animals, however, elevated potassium alone can induce seizures. These data suggest that kindling elicits long-term changes in neuronal excitability that may involve ionic mechanisms. PMID- 7375937 TI - Electrical activity in an exocrine gland: optical recording with a potentiometric dye. AB - Propagated action potentials in the salivary gland of a freshwater snail were detected by optical means. Voltage-dependent absorption changes from acinar cells stained with a merocyanine-oxazolone dye faithfully reproduced the time course of electrical activity in this tissue. Such signals may provide a useful tool for the study of endocrine tissue as well. PMID- 7375934 TI - Love Canal: false alarm caused by botched study. PMID- 7375938 TI - Evidence for a vesicular transport mechanism in hepatocytes for biliary secretion of immunoglobulin A. AB - Quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography and diaminobenzidine cytochemistry provide evidence for an uptake and vesicular transport mechanism for iodine-125-labeled immunoglobulin A from plasma to bile by hepatocytes in vivo. The data confirm the existence of a hepatobiliary pathway for secretion of immunoglobulin A into the intestine and are consistent with a vesicular transport mechanism for biliary proteins within liver parenchymal cells. PMID- 7375939 TI - Cross-linking of lens crystallins in a photodynamic system: a process mediated by singlet oxygen. AB - In a dye-sensitized photooxidation system, lens crystallin polypeptides become cross-linked, and a blue fluorescence that is associated with the proteins is produced. These changes are similar to those seen in vivo in the aging human lens. Evidence implicating singlet oxygen as the causative agent of the effects in vitro is presented, and the possibility that this species may play a role in aging and cataractogenesis in vivo is discussed. PMID- 7375940 TI - Methylphenidate and hyperactivity: effects on teacher behaviors. AB - Teacher interactions with hyperactive and comparison boys were observed during classroom activities. A double-blind, methylphenidate-placebo cross-over design was used within the hyperactive group. With no knowledge of any child's diagnosis or drug status, the teacher was more intense and controlling toward hyperactive boys taking placebo than toward either medicated hyperactive boys or comparison boys; her behavior did not differ toward the latter two groups. Discussion focused on the need to consider the broad social ramifications of pharmacologic treatment programs. PMID- 7375941 TI - Sexual dimorphism in extent of axonal sprouting in rat hippocampus. AB - Sympathetic axons, normally innervating the extracerebral vasculature, sprout into denervated regions of the hippocampal formation after lesions of the medial septal nucleus or fimbria in adult female rats. Similar lesions in adult males also elicit the sympathetic ingrowth; however, the number of anomalous axons is greatly reduced and their distribution is altered. In adult males the sympathetic axons do not send out collaterals within the stratum oriens of region CA3 or the molecular layer or deep hilar regions of the area dentata, as they do in adult females. Lesions in juveniles of both sexes result in more vigorous sprouting than in their adult counterparts. In the young males the anomalous axons are distributed more extensively into the dentate molecular layer; in the young females the axons merely send out more collaterals within the same regions as in the adults. This sexually dimorphic response to central nervous system damage suggests either that the sprouting is affected by the hormonal environment of the mature hippocampal system or that this brain region, like the hypothalamus, may express permanent morphological or physiological differences as a result of exposure to sex steroids during development. PMID- 7375942 TI - Clinical radioimmunodetection of cancer with radioactive antibodies to human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - Injection of iodine-131-labeled goat immunoglobulin G antibody to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) into patients with hCG-secreting trophoblastic and germinal tumors permitted tumor detection and location by external gamma-ray scintigraphy. Excision of one of the metastatic tumors located by this method indicated a tumor/nontumor ration of 39.29. The method appears to offer a new clinical tool for precisely locating hCG-producing tumors in the body, even when tumor identification by other clinical methods has failed. PMID- 7375944 TI - Academy says curb on cholesterol not needed. PMID- 7375945 TI - Genetics and the origin of a vector population: Aedes aegypti, a case study. AB - Thirty-four population samples representing the worldwide distribution of the mosquito Aedes aegypti were analyzed for variation at 19 to 22 enzyme-coding genes. A multivariate discriminant analysis revealed that the genetic differences among populations in six geographic regions and between two subspecies enable one to determine the regional origin of a population. Such studies of population genetics may have quite general applicability in studying vector-borne diseases. PMID- 7375946 TI - Diffuse pulmonary gallium concentration. PMID- 7375947 TI - Detection and quantitation of cardiovascular shunts with commonly available radionuclides. AB - Detection and quantitation of shunts can be done accurately, rapidly, and safely using radionuclide techniques. The most frequent use of radionuclides in the evaluation of shunts is first-pass radionuclide angiography for the detection and quantitation of left-to-right shunts. Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy is useful in the evaluation of right ventricular overload secondary to left-to-right shunting. Radionuclide angiography has applications for premature and newborn infants with patent ductus arteriosus and respiratory distress, older children with unexplained heart murmur, and in the postoperative evaluation of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. PMID- 7375948 TI - Xenon studies of myocardial blood flow: theoretical, technical, and practical aspects. AB - External detection by a single collimator of the washout curve of 133Xe following its intracoronary injection was used in humans following its validation in animals. However, additional experimental studies showed that the straightforward application of the theoretical principles on which the technique should be based resulted in uncorrected values. Special empirical modifications in the analysis of the washout curves were required in order to obtain a fair agreement between calculated and experimental flow values. Furthermore, studies in humans indicate that reappearance of indicator into the counting field due to recirculation and diffusion retention of the tracer in epicardial fat alter the precordial washout curve leading to underestimation of coronary blood flow. This method has found a second wave of applicatin in humans for the study of regional myocardial perfusion using a gamma camera. The amount of new information on regional myocardial perfusion provided by this approach is quite considerable; however, the interpretation of the values obtained in these studies requires particular attention in view of the limitations outlined above. PMID- 7375943 TI - Does man alone have language? Apes reply in riddles, and a horse says neigh. PMID- 7375951 TI - Effects of alcohol on inborn errors of metabolism: porphyria cutanea tarda and hemochromatosis. PMID- 7375949 TI - Methods for detection of left ventricular edges. AB - The ability to accurately and reproducibly measure left ventricular performance offers significant clinical advantages in patient management. Specifically, data on wall motion of the left ventricle, the characteristics and shape of the left ventricular volume curve, and measurement of ejection fraction are the general parameters of interest evaluated. These parameters may be measured with either first-pass studies or gated equilibrium blood pool images. Either method is relatively simple, economical, and presents little risk to the patient. Over the last several years both methods have undergone considerable study, and relatively standardized techniques for the two methods exist at present. Both techniques require moderate to extensive data processing. In general, a region of interest (ROI) must be defined before further quantitative analysis is possible. There are at present multiple approaches to the establishment of an ROI for the left ventricle. The major differences between these approaches is in the algorithms used to generate the boundary of the ROI or "the edge". In order for the computer to recognize the edge of the left ventricle, objective and reproducible edge detection processes are needed. It is the purpose of this paper to review computerized edge-detection algorithms as they apply particularly to the noisy and blurry images obtained in nuclear medicine studies. PMID- 7375950 TI - Complimentary roles of cardiac ultrasound and cardiovascular nuclear medicine. AB - This review is directed at the clinically useful highlights of ultrasound and radionuclide testing in adults with coronary and valvular heart disease, intracardiac shunts, and hypertrophic and congestive cardiomyopathies. As a clinical toto, the radionuclide procedures are currently more useful than ultrasound examination in evaluating patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. This includes both primary diagnosis and the more accurate estimation of left ventricular function in the presence of segmental asynergy. In patients with valvular disease, the radionuclide procedures are only indirectly useful, while the ultrasound examination is more often diagnostic. These two techniques are complimentary to one another in their ability to noninvasively evaluate and monitor both chamber size and ventricular function in virtually all patients. Recent research involving noninvasive ventricular imaging during physiologic and pharmacologic intervention holds promise for a more sophisticated noninvasive approach to patient management. PMID- 7375952 TI - Effects of alcohol on granulocytes and lymphocytes. AB - Transient granulocytopenia and lymphopenia may occur in acute alcoholics without splenomegaly, cirrhosis, infection, and megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency. The bone marrow in granulocytopenic patients is frequently hypocellular with few mature granulocytes, and the functional marrow granulocyte reserve is reduced. These findings suggest a depressed granulopoietic activity in these patients. The mechanism by which alcohol suppresses granulopoiesis remains unclear. Direct toxicity of alcohol on granulopoietic stem cells and increased individual susceptibility to the toxic effect of alcohol may be important factors. Alcohol also causes functional impairment of granulocytes (adherence, motility, and chemotaxis), macrophages (motility and phagocytosis), and lymphocytes (blastogenic transformation and development of delayed dermal hypersensitivity reaction), probably by perturbation of the cell membrane resulting in an increased intracellular cyclic AMP level. PMID- 7375953 TI - Hematologic complications of alcoholism. 1. PMID- 7375954 TI - Fetal breathing movements and inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 7375955 TI - Shoulder erosions in renal osteodystrophy. AB - The radiographic manifestations of renal osteodystrophy may be articular as well as osseous. The latter are well recognized, i.e., subperiosteal and subchondral bony resorption. Recently attention has been directed to the occurrence of an erosive arthritis of the hands and wrists in hyperparathyroidism. The authors present six patients with humeral head erosions, all of whom were on chronic long term hemodialysis. These intra-articular erosions occurred at the "bare" area of the humeral head and thus represent an erosive arthritis and therefore can be distinguished from the usual sites of subchondral and subperiosteal bony resorption seen in hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7375956 TI - Calcification in the soft tissues of the chest after thoracotomy. AB - We have observed soft-tissue calcification of the chest in 4 of 54 patients following thoracotomy in the neonatal period for a Blalock-Taussig or a Blalock Hanlon procedure. The time of appearance ranged from 2 weeks to 11 months. This calcification is similar to myositis ossificans in having a traumatic origin. In one of the patients, it resolved spontaneously. PMID- 7375959 TI - Case report 115. PMID- 7375957 TI - Case report 113. PMID- 7375958 TI - Case report 114. PMID- 7375960 TI - Case report 116. PMID- 7375961 TI - Case report 117. PMID- 7375963 TI - The calcaneal nutrient foramen. PMID- 7375962 TI - Case report 118. PMID- 7375967 TI - Tuberous sclerosis presenting as chronic renal failure. AB - A patient with tuberous sclerosis presented with cutaneous lesions and chronic renal failure from multiple renal angiomyolipomas and diffuse rena cystic disease, but without apparent significant neurologic involvement. The clinical and pathologic features of tuberous sclerosis, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic procedures useful in this disorder, are reviewed with particular emphasis on the renal features of the disease. PMID- 7375966 TI - Pseudotumoural fibrous dysplasia of the maxilla: radiological studies and computed tomography contribution. AB - Clinical, radiological, and histological problems arise relating to fibrous dysplasia of the maxilla. Clinically, 11 of our 39 cases developed so rapidly that the lesions were suspected of being malignant. The histological diagnosis may be very difficult, since any tumoural, reactive, or healing process may simulate fibrous dysplasia. As a general rule, the diagnosis is established most easily by the radiological examination. The radiologist's responsibility is important, as mistakes may have serious consequences. We report four pseudotumoural forms of maxillary sinus fibrous dysplasia. All were characterised clinically by rapid evolution, radiologically by opacity of the sinus with apparent destruction of its wall, and histologically by difficulty in establishing the diagnosis. In two cases indeed, the initial histological interpretation was an osteogenic sarcoma. Due to its excellent densitometric resolution, computed tomography provides an invaluable contribution by displaying the fibrous wall of an intact or even thickened maxillary sinus when conventional radiology has suggested a destructive process. In difficult cases of maxillary fibrous dysplasia, computed tomography should be used as a supplementary investigation to establish the correct diagnosis. PMID- 7375964 TI - Bone scanning in the child and young adult. Part II. AB - The sensitivity of the radionuclide bone scan in identifying osteoblastic reaction in bone and in detecting local alterations in blood flow is valuable in many benign diseases involving bone, particularly those which are more common in children and young adults, and in which early detection may be critical to future health. Bone scanning offers a simple yet reliable means for establishing an early diagnosis, evaluating the extent of the disease, and assessing the therapeutic response in disorders resulting from infection, trauma, or vascular insult. Useful information may also be obtained in disturbances of growth and development, and in congenital lesions. PMID- 7375965 TI - Hip arthropathy in ochronosis: anatomical and radiological study. AB - Anatomical and radiological studies of four cases of ochronotic arthropathy of the hip were based on the examination of a total of six surgically removed femoral heads. One of these had undergone a surgical biopsy 10 years previously. The impregnation of the articular cartilage by the ochronotic pigment causes it to break into small fragments in the weight-bearing zone. This results in a similar osteoarthrotic remodeling to that commonly attributed to the histologically different "degenerative chondropathy". The labelling of the cartilage in ochronotic arthropathies offers an opportunity for better understanding of the main nonspecific components of osteoarthrotic remodeling. An anatomico-pathological approach explains why their radiological images in the hip may simulate those of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7375969 TI - Peer review in diabetes and hypertension: the relationship between care process and patient outcome. AB - To assess the effect of physician performance on patient outcomes, we examined the relationship between performance of essential care items and several patient outcomes in hypertension and diabetes. A group of internists in private practice selected the criteria and allowed their records to be reviewed to ascertain their adherence to these criteria and their patients' outcome status. Among all physicians and patients, adherence to criteria was not associated with a composite measure of control status or with blood sugar level in diabetes, or with blood pressure control in hypertension. Peer review groups should recognize the limitations in measuring care process and patient outcomes, and that adequacy of physician performance does not necessarily predict how well the patient will do. PMID- 7375968 TI - Acute febrile juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in adults: cause of polyarthritis and fever. AB - Acute febrile juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) of adult onset is often diagnosed by ruling out other problems. The classification of JRA is primarily based on the distinct type of onset, of which there are usually three: (1) acute febrile or Still's type, (2) polyarticular, and (3) monoarticular pauciarticular arthritis. Fever of unknown cause is frequently the initial symptom. This type of arthritis may be characterized by any or all of the following: unexplained high fever, rash, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, pericarditis, pleurisy, pneumonitis, abdominal pain, myalgias, arthralgias, arthritis, sore throat, leukocytosis, anemia, circulating immune complexes, liver test abnormalities, and carpal-metacarpal and tarsal-metatarsal fusion. Patients often respond dramatically to anti-inflammatory agents. Corticosteroids, gold salts, penicillamine, and cytotoxic drugs have been effective for certain patients. The prognosis of the disease has been generally favorable. Although symptoms may recur, remission can be prolonged. PMID- 7375971 TI - Atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disturbances in aortic valvular disease. AB - Electrophysiologic studies of His' bundle were done on 32 consecutive patients with symptomatic aortic valvular disease. Nineteen had pure aortic regurgitation and 13 had aortic stenosis, four with significant regurgitation. Fifteen of the former had atrioventricular (AV) and/or intraventricular (IV) conduction abnormalities. In those with aortic stenosis, eight had conduction abnormalities, all intraventricular but one. Twelve of the 13 with aortic stenosis had radiographically indentifiable valve calcification; all four with a peak systolic gradient greater than 80 mm Hg had IV conduction defects. Of the 32 patients, six had A-H prolongation and in all the predominant lesion was aortic regurgitation (one with moderate stenosis). There was no difference in age, clinical congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, or prolonged H-V interval. However, PR prolongation (P = .01) and decreased ejection fraction (P = .02) was significantly increased in the former group. Patients with aortic regurgitation had longer A-H and H-V intervals (NS), induced A-V block at lower heart rates (P = .01), and higher A-V node effective (P = .001) and functional (P = .01) refractory periods. In summary, patients with aortic valvular disease have a high incidence of atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disease. PMID- 7375972 TI - Resection of abdominal aortic aneurysms in the over-80 age group. AB - We reviewed the risk of resecting an abdominal aortic aneurysm in 38 patients aged 80 years or older. The operative mortality for an elective aneurysm was 5.2%, for symptomatic but nonruptured aneurysm 26.6%, and for ruptured aneurysm 66.7%. The preoperative risk factors were essentially the same for the elective and ruptured group. Several of the patients with ruptured aneurysm had been followed up with their aneurysm for several years by nonsurgeons. To better understand why these patients were not being referred for elective repair, 100 nonsurgeons were sent a questionnaire concerning abdominal aortic aneurysms in octogenarians. The results showed that 81% overestimated the elective operative mortality and as a result did not recommend elective resection. PMID- 7375970 TI - Clinical experience with a new casting tape. AB - Between October 1977 and 1978, 93 CutterCast casts were applied at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. The composition and application of this new casting system are described, and the performance of the 93 casts is evaluated in relation to ease of application, roentgenographic clarity, skin condition, patient comfort, and ease of removal. The advantages and disadvantages are discussed. PMID- 7375973 TI - Bacterial endocarditis with aortic regurgitation: implications of embolism. AB - We studied 16 patients with 18 episodes of bacterial endocarditis and aortic regurgitation to learn the frequency and characteristics of systemic embolism. Seven patients had eight episodes of clinically apparent emboli, with a mortality of 43%; in those without emboli there was no mortality. The influences of congestive heart failure, type of infection, and echocardiographic findings on the embolic complications are discussed. The close association among embolism, congestive heart failure, and echocardiographic vegetation suggests that early operation is warranted in patients with any of these features in order to prevent emboli. PMID- 7375974 TI - Acute renal failure associated with indomethacin administration. AB - Two patients had transient deterioration of renal function during acute infectious states while receiving indomethacin. Neither patient was in septic shock; renal function deteriorated at a time when clinically the infection was improving and both patients improved when indomethacin was discontinued, with return of renal function to baseline. Indomethacin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been shown to reduce glomerular filtration and alter renal hemodynamic autoregulation. In susceptible patients these effects may be clinically significant. Careful monitoring of renal function in such patients requiring indomethacin therapy is warranted. PMID- 7375975 TI - Testalgia associated with rubella infection. AB - Investigation of an outbreak of rubella on a college campus provided an opportunity to study the occurrence of orchitis, or testalgia, in male adolescents and young adults. Of 68 subjects with rubellla infection, five reported pain without swelling in one or both testicles lasting up to three days. Two of them had laboratory-confirmed rubella infection. Since the majority of all currently reported cases of rubella in the United States occur in persons 15 years of age and older, an increased awareness of rubella as a possible cause of testicular pain, and perhaps of orchitis, in postpubertal boys and men result in further characterization of this symptom. PMID- 7375977 TI - Etiologic factors of the Stevens-Johnson syndrome. AB - We present a retrospective analysis of etiologic factors in 54 cases of Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) diagnosed at Johns Hopkins (1966 to 1976). Our previous study, completed there in 1965, served as a model and data base for comparison. Analysis of the clinical presentation and epidemiologic data in this study reveals no major changes since the earlier series. Although difficult, a decision about cause was made in 82% of the cases. The remainder were considered idiopathic. Drugs and infections are especially suspect as etiologic agents in SJS, but we found no evidence to support one over another. Allergic predisposition, noted in 31% of our cases, may have played a role in the development of SJS. Indeed, the Stevens-Johnson syndrome may have an allergic basis with drugs and infectious agents as sensitizing antigens. PMID- 7375976 TI - Ultrasonography and focal vascular disease. AB - The major vascular structures in the retroperitoneum are valuable landmarks for the ultrasonographer. Two cases of focal disease, one involving the pancreatic region (an aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery) and another involving the kidney (a renal arteriovenous fistula) are presented to emphasize the importance of considering a vascular origin in the differential diagnosis of obscure sonolucent masses. PMID- 7375978 TI - Spontaneous intestinal perforation in Schonlein-Henoch purpura. AB - Schonlein-Henoch purpura (SHP) continues to present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to internists and to surgeons. Indications for operation in this entity are solely for intussusception, ischemic bowel necrosis, and frank bowel perforation. We present two recent cases of spontaneous small bowel perforation in SHP and analyze the previously reported cases. Spontaneous intestinal perforation is often heralded by increase in rectal blood loss, even frank melena, and a worsening or unresponsive abdominal picutre such as progressive distention and loss of bowel sounds. Perforations, usually ileal, may be accompanied by intussusception. PMID- 7375979 TI - Clinical studies of a large family with Wilson's disease. AB - We have identified 11 individuals with Wilson's disease, members of five sibships within a larger family which was traced through seven generations. Of 206 other family members evaluated for Wilson's disease, none had abnormally low serum ceruloplasmin or copper levels and none had Wilson's disease. There were two documented instances of consanguinity, associated with two of the five affected sibships and four of the 11 affected individuals. The patterns of occurrence of Wilson's disease within the family is consistent with the hypothesis that the disorder is transmitted as an autosomal recessive characteristic. It is likely that the apparently high frequency of disease within the family can be explained solely by the founder effect. PMID- 7375980 TI - Evaluating candidates for ventricular aneurysmectomy. AB - Forty consecutive patients having left ventricular (LV) aneurysmectomy were evaluated for surgical risk predictors and were then followed up after operation. Factors evaluated included age, time since last myocardial infarction, NYHA classification, principal indication for surgery, LV end diastolic pressure, LV "A" wave size, number of coronary systems with greater than 70% stenosis, number of coronary bypass grafts, location of aneurysm, and ejection fraction of the nonaneurysmal or "contractile segment," determined by a modification of the method of Watson et al (MCSEF). There was 100% follow-up. There were four perioperative deaths and two late deaths. Operative mortality was 3.4% in patients with MCSEF greater than or equal to 45% and 37.5% in patients with MCSEF less than 45% (P less than .05). None of the other factors evaluated significantly affected mortality independent of MCSEF. Survivors had a mean follow-up of 22 months with a mean improvement in symptoms of 1.6 NYHA class (from 3.3 to 1.7). Forty-four percent have returned to their previous occupations. It is concluded that: (1) the MCSEF is of prime importance in evaluating risk for LV aneurysmectomy; (2) for patients with MCSEF greater than or equal to 45%, LV aneurysmectomy is a low-risk procedure; and (3) LV aneurysmectomy results in sustained relief of symptoms in most patients. PMID- 7375981 TI - Decompression without synovectomy in rheumatoid extensor tenosynovitis. AB - Fifteen wrists in 11 patients with rheumatoid tenosynovitis involving the extensor tendons were treated by decompression alone, without synovectomy. The results were not unlike those obtained by the more traditional operation of tenosynovectomy. Alleviation of the retinacular compression appears to have a beneficial local effect to reduce synovitis and to arrest tendon attrition and pain. Removal of the synovium is not required in the treatment of such cases. PMID- 7375982 TI - Carcinoid disease. AB - We reviewed 28 cases of carcinoid tumor arising in the small intestine (11 cases), appendix (eight), rectum (three), and lung (six), which were diagnosed during a ten-year period ending in 1977. Components of the carcinoid syndrome occurred in only three patients, all of whom had hepatic metastases from tumors of the small bowel. Most of the small intestinal lesions, which usually were multicentric, metastasized. When metastases were absent or confined to regional lymph nodes, surgical excision alone provided satisfactory long-term therapy. When the disease involved the liver, the course until death was usually long but inexorable unless chemotherapy was used. During follow-up, which averaged more than six years, no carcinoid of the appendix, rectum, or lung recurred or metastasized after surgical extirpation. Other neoplasms, including adenocarcinomas of the rectum, appendix, prostate, and nasopharynx and acute granulocytic leukemia, appeared in six patients, which extends previous observations that patients with carcinoids have a neoplastic diathesis. PMID- 7375983 TI - Approach to the management of fever and granulocytopenia. AB - In recent years, advances in chemotherapy for malignant disease have resulted in a greater population of patients with granulocytopenia whose course in often complicated by fever. We reviewed the current medical literature in an attempt to identify the most appropriate management of this special patient population. Our findings suggest that patients with fever and granulocytopenia and without a diagnosis of infectious disease who improve on empiric antimicrobial therapy should continue to receive empiric therapy until their granulocytes recover. Patients in this same category who remain febrile probably do not have an infectious cause of their fever, and discontinuation of empiric antibiotics should be considered if they appear clinically stable. A guideline to the management of these patients is presented. PMID- 7375984 TI - Fulminant Cushing's syndrome with diarrhea. PMID- 7375986 TI - Metastatic basal cell carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 7375985 TI - Esthesioneuroblastoma presenting as an intracranial mass. PMID- 7375987 TI - Villous adenoma of the duodenum with intussusception. PMID- 7375989 TI - Ultrasonography of renal cell carcinoma adjacent to a renal cyst. PMID- 7375988 TI - Left ventricular lipoma: echocardiographic and angiographic features. AB - We have presented an unusual case of a left intraventricular cardiac tumor which was detected during cardiac catheterization, done to evaluate unexplained chest pain. An echocardiogram showed the tumor to be continuous with the interventricular septum and in front of the mitral valve. At operation, the lesion was attached to the interventricular septum and, microscopically, proved to be a lipoma. This is believed to be the first reported intraventricular lipoma detected ante mortem and successfully removed. PMID- 7375990 TI - Severe pulmonary hypertension with patent ductus arteriosus. AB - A 36-year-old man was found to have severe pulmonary hypertension and a right-to left shunt secondary to a patent ductus arteriosus. Attempt at surgical closure was unsuccessful. The patient was followed up for 21 years, and his only significant medical problem is leg weakness to moderate exertion. PMID- 7375991 TI - Mediastinal extramedullary plasmacytoma. AB - An asymptomatic 65-year-old woman was found to have a mediastinal mass on routine chest x-ray examination. The initial diagnosis of aneurysm of the thoracic aorta was excluded by a thoracic aortogram, and a plasmacytoma was discovered at exploratory operation. PMID- 7375992 TI - Eosinophilic infiltration of the stomach. AB - An unusual case of eosinophilic infiltration of the proximal stomach with direct extension into the left hemidiaphragm, liver, and transverse colon is described. Because the lesion was unresectable, a trial of steroid therapy was begun, with an initially good clinical response. Subsequent extensive tumor necrosis and accompanying diaphragmatic perforation, autolysis of the left lower lung, and a chronic gastropleurocutaneous fistula led to death. This case underscores the aggressive nature which this "histologically benign" neoplasm can pursue. PMID- 7375993 TI - Primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the fallopian tube. PMID- 7375994 TI - Rapid in vivo bone mineral analysis after parathyroidectomy. PMID- 7375995 TI - Histoplasma capsulatum endocarditis requiring aortic valve replacement for aortic insufficiency. AB - A patient with valvular heart disease was found to have disseminated histoplasmosis and Histoplasma endocarditis. Refractory congestive heart failure secondary to severe progressive aortic insufficiency and the presence of a large valvular vegetation necessitated aortic valve replacement, which was timed to coincide with the midpoint of a course of therapy with 4 gm of amphotericin B. The patient has done well since the completion of treatment. PMID- 7375996 TI - Epidermoid cyst of the testis. PMID- 7375998 TI - Recurrent arteriotracheal fistula. AB - A 28-year-old man with a tracheostomy had two episodes of hemorrhage from an arteriotracheal fistula secondary to erosion of the cannula tip into the right subclavian and the right common carotid arteries. Arteriotracheal fistual formation is associated with high pressure cuffs, low tracheostomies, excessively long or curved tracheostomy tubes, mediastinal infections, and superiorly placed anatomic variants of the innominate artery. Repeat fistula formation can be anticipated until the underlying factor is eradicated. PMID- 7375997 TI - Melioidosis: reactivation during radiation therapy. PMID- 7375999 TI - [Urgent social hygiene research on the region of Sibiria and the Far East]. PMID- 7376000 TI - [Automated system for on-going operational analysis of infectious morbidity]. PMID- 7376001 TI - [Methodology for expertise in the organization and quality of medical prophylactic examinations of industrial enterprise workers]. PMID- 7376002 TI - [Role of the provincial hospital in introducing the achievements of medical science]. PMID- 7376003 TI - [Legal bases for the development of inventions in public health]. PMID- 7376004 TI - [Analysis of the demographic indices of the developing countries of Southeast Asia]. PMID- 7376005 TI - [Standardization of the methods as a trend in the present-day examination of the rural population]. PMID- 7376006 TI - [Role of dispensarization in reducing disability in diseases of the veins of the lower limbs]. PMID- 7376007 TI - [Spontaneous pneumothorax with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 7376008 TI - [Microadenomatosis of the adrenal cortex and hypercorticism in adolescents]. PMID- 7376010 TI - [Drainage of the pancreatic duct in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7376009 TI - [Characteristics of treatment of toxic hepatitis in acute exogenous poisoning]. PMID- 7376011 TI - [Esophagogastroscopy in the diagnosis of cancer of resected stomach]. PMID- 7376012 TI - [Use of 15-methyl PGF2-alpha for termination of early pregnancy]. PMID- 7376013 TI - [Reflexotherapy in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7376014 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of hepatic coma in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7376015 TI - [Use of heparin in obstetric practice]. PMID- 7376016 TI - [Rheography in the evaluation of renal hemodynamics in renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 7376017 TI - [Cliniko-roentgenological comparisons in Klippel-Feil syndrome]. PMID- 7376018 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of complicated nephroptosis]. PMID- 7376019 TI - [Incidence and clinical characteristics of associated diseases of the digestive organs]. PMID- 7376020 TI - [Differential diagnosis of colonic diverticulosis and Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7376021 TI - [Rheo- and electroencephalographic criteria in diagnosis of latent cerebrovascular disorders in cervical osteochondrosis]. PMID- 7376022 TI - [Reflux esophagitis and the principles of its diagnosis]. PMID- 7376023 TI - [Characteristics of abdominal delivery in uterine leiomyoma]. PMID- 7376024 TI - Some thoughts on medical education. AB - Controversial aspects of medical education are discussed, with particular reference to the medical faculty at the University of Cape Town. The drawbacks of the traditional method of selection of medical students in South Africa are outlined and present attempts to modify these in the University of Cape Town are mentioned. Curricular changes, including the liberalization of the cirriculum, are described, and finally problems in postgraduate training are enumerated. PMID- 7376026 TI - The surgical gastro-intestinal motility clinic: The history of oesophagology at Groote Schuur Hospital. AB - The growth of the Surgical Gastro-intestinal Motility Clinic at Groote Schuur Hospital is described. This especially depicts the history of oesophagology in the Cape. Details of the work performed are discussed. PMID- 7376025 TI - The management of patients with portal hypertension and oesophageal varices. AB - The management of patients with portal hypertension and oesophageal varices remains controversial. Patients with suspected variceal bleeding are resuscitated, and emergency endoscopy is mandatory to determine the source of bleeding. Both intravenous pitressin and the Sengstaken tube are useful in stopping haemorrhage temporarily, but bleeding frequently recurs. In such patients additional treatment is necessary. Currently acceptable alternatives are percutaneous transhepatic obliteration of varices, oesophageal transection with the stapling gun, or peroesophageal injection sclerotherapy. Data are presented to support the use of the latter technique, which is proposed as the treatment of patients whohave bled previously include conventional medical therapy with treatment of each recurrent haemorrhage as it occurs, the use of newer forms of shunts such as the Warren shunt, and repeated sclerotherapy. Whem sclerotherapy is used, a case is made for peroesophageal injection sclerotherapy using a modified, rigid Negus oesophagoscope under general anaesthesia. PMID- 7376027 TI - Surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm over 23 years. AB - The mortality for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in a surgical unit is reviewed over the 23-year period 1956-1978. Five hundred and eight patients were considered for operation. In the elective AAA surgery group there has been a progressive decline in mortality to a current level of 3%, and reasons for this are reviewed. Where patients present with ruptured AAA, however, the mortality has remained in excess of 50%. PMID- 7376028 TI - Congenital jejuno-ileal atresia and stenosis. AB - Eighty-four patients with congenital jejuno-ileal atresias and stenoses admitted over a 20-year period (1959-1978) are reviewed. The overall survival rate of 88% is a reflection of the improvement in diagnosis and supportive care and refinements in technique. Our current ideas on this subject are expressed and a detailed account of the presentation, diagnosis and management is given. PMID- 7376029 TI - The prognosis of alcohol-induced calcific pancreatitis. AB - A consecutive personal series of 314 patients with alcohol-induced calcific pancreatitis were admitted to a long-term follow-up study between 1959 and 1979. The patients were subdivided into four arbitrary groups according to the date of entry into study, and the mortality rate and survivor status were determined for each of these groups. Adjusted mortality rates increased progressively with the duration of follow-up, from 11% in the 1976-1979 to 73% in the 1959-1969 group. Pancreatic insufficiency dominated in patients followed up for 10 - 20 years, and pain was more prominent in the more recent follow-up groups. The survivor status in Whites was better than in Blacks, but the mortality rates were comparable. The occurrence of pain in patients who continued to drink was significantly less in the 10 - 20 year follow-up group than in those followed up for a shorter period of time. PMID- 7376031 TI - Conservative management of ruptured spleen. AB - For many years it was accepted that splenic injury was best managed by splenectomy. However, it has more recently been realized that patients whose spleen has been removed are more liable to life-threatening infection. This is of particular consequence if splenectomy is performed in childhood, with a long life expectancy. The extra mortality rate associated with sepsis after splenectomy is noted from reports in the literature, and the immunological functions of the spleen are discussed. It is pointed out that with the present diagnostic means splenic rupture or splenic injury need not necessarily indicate splenectomy. The features of conservative management are outlined, and the results in 75 patients, of whom only 21 underwent splenectomy, are stated. PMID- 7376032 TI - Proptosis in paediatrics. AB - One hundred consecutive cases of proptosis with orbital swelling in children are reviewed, with particular reference to diagnosis and management. Methods of establishing the diagnosis are discussed in the light of the experience thus gained. PMID- 7376033 TI - Congenital stridor in childhood. AB - Congenital stridor in children is a major sign of airway obstruction which occasionally may be alarming. The relevant embryology is discussed and the developmental, acquired or combined causes of airway obstruction producing congenital stridor are described. The need for careful assessment of chronic stridor in childhood is emphasized and the pros and cons of direct laryngoscopy under general anaesthesia in assessment are mentioned. PMID- 7376030 TI - Deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism - an assessment of the accuracy of clinical diagnosis. AB - One hundred patients presenting with suspected deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism are reported. The importance of ascending phlebography in the management of these patients is stressed. The clinical diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis is shown to be inaccurate. Further experience with non-invasive diagnostic methods is essential. PMID- 7376034 TI - Recent advances in paediatric orthopaedic surgery. PMID- 7376035 TI - Cryosurgery in cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia. AB - A study undertaken to assess the reliability and effectiveness of cryosurgery in cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia is described. During 1 5-year period a total of 416 patients were so treated and the records were studied retrospectively. This study demonstrated that 34% of patients were lost to follow-up, and that 24% of those followed up had residual disease of the cervix. It was therefore concluded that this form of treatment was inadequate for the hospital population concerned. An additional prospective study was undertaken, as a result of which cryosurgery is recommended only if adequate long-term follow-up is ensured, if skilled colposcopic evaluation is available throughout, and if the disease is limited to mild or moderate dysplasia in younger patients. PMID- 7376036 TI - Priapism - a surgical emergency. AB - Priapism is a surgical emergency, and a glandular cavernous shunt is good emergency treatment. The technique is simple, easy and quick, can be performed under local anaesthesia if necessary, and has a good chance of success; should it fail or the priapism recur, a more formidable shunt may be performed. PMID- 7376037 TI - Four decades of social security benefits. PMID- 7376038 TI - Domestic workers covered under OASDHI, 1976. PMID- 7376039 TI - Alcoholics and drug addicts receiving SSI payments, August 1977. PMID- 7376040 TI - Social Security: current operating statistics - monthly tables. PMID- 7376041 TI - Oxygen transport responses to colloids and crystalloids in critically ill surgical patients. PMID- 7376043 TI - Malignant neoplasms of the duodenum. AB - The records of 17 patients with primary malignant neoplasms of the duodenum were reviewed. Fiberoptic endoscopy is a valuable method for preoperative diagnosis. The results are consistent with previous reports, in that surgical resection is the only satisfactory treatment for most malignant tumors of the duodenum. Segmental resection may be the preferred procedure for localized tumors as it is associated with a much lower operative mortality than is pancreaticoduodenectomy. Radiation therapy, however, is often effective in patients with lymphomas of the duodenum. PMID- 7376042 TI - Adverse effect of radiotherapy on adjuvant chemotherapy for carcinoma of the breast. AB - Twenty-seven women with primary carcinoma of the breast with greater than or equal to 4 metastatic axillary nodes received prophylactic radiotherapy in addition to adjuvant vincristine, prednisone, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil chemotherapy. When compared with 73 women who received chemotherapy alone, the relapse rate per month for the patients with radiation therapy was fourfold greater, p = less than 0.0001. Recurrence in 17 of 27 contrasts with relapse in 13 of 73 patients who did not undergo irradiation. By eight years, 14 of 27 patients who received radiotherapy had died, contrasted with nine of 73 who received chemotherapy alone. The results for the irradiated subset were found not to be due to patient selection nor to shortening or underdosing of chemotherapy. Immunosuppression from radiation and systematic delay in initiating chemotherapy remain among the possible explanations. These data support the use of adjuvant chemotherapy and argue against the prophylactic use of radiotherapy following mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 7376046 TI - The treatment of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid occurring after irradiation. PMID- 7376045 TI - An evaluation of highly selective vagotomy in the treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer. AB - A randomized trial of highly selective vagotomy against truncal vagotomy and gastroenterostomy has been performed. Forty patients have been analyzed. All operations were performed by one surgeon with previous experience with highly selective vagotomy. Comparisons during the operation indicated that highly selective vagotomy took longer to perform and had a greater associated blood loss. Patients with highly selective vagotomy recovered more rapidly after operation as the duration of ileus postoperatively was shorter. Both operations effectively reduced basal and insulin-stimulated peak acid outputs. At the time of follow-up study, at six weeks and six months postoperatively, patients with highly selective vagotomy had significantly better over-all Visick gradings and had better gradings for the symptom of diarrhea. The differences between the two groups gradually diminished after a year, although diarrhea remained significantly worse in patients who had truncal vagotomy. There were no recurrences of ulcer in either group up to one year postoperatively. Highly selective vagotomy has significant advantages over truncal vagotomy and gastroenterostomy in the immediately postoperative period and up to one year after operation. Only a marked increase in bad results from highly selective vagotomy after a year could justify the continued use of truncal vagotomy and gastroenterostomy. PMID- 7376047 TI - Recent experience with trauma of the liver. AB - Surgeons must be intimately familiar with the alternatives available in managing hepatic trauma. Although the vast majority of injuries of the liver can be managed by a simple operative technique, the occasional severe injury demands instant recognition and the precise application of surgical skill for successful treatment. Exsanguination associated with hepatic trauma remains an unsolved problem. PMID- 7376048 TI - An experimental study of survival after two hours of normothermic hepatic ischemia. AB - Total hepatic inflow occlusion is well tolerated in pigs with normothermia for as long as two hours, provided that splanchnic venous pooling is avoided by active pumping through a splenojugular bypass. Hepatic dysfunction after 60, 90 and, even, 120 minutes of hepatic ischemia is mild and transient. Complete return to normal liver function tests is rapid. Early microscopic alterations of the liver are moderate, and no late abnormalities, such as cirrhosis or vascular changes, were observed one to three months later. Conversely, interruption of hepatic blood flow for three hours is not compatible with life. In this study, a previously unsuspected resistance of the pig liver to warm ischemia is demonstrated. These findings corroborate and extend those of recent clinical studies in which a similar tolerance of the human liver to prolonged normotherthermic ischemia is reported, thus questioning the necessity for deliberate hypothermia in operations involving the liver. PMID- 7376044 TI - Prethoracic omentopexy in rats with experimentally induced portal hypertension. AB - The effectiveness of prethoracic omentopexy was tested in an experimental study performed upon rats. Cirrhosis was induced by injecting carbon tetrachloride three months before the omentopexy procedure. Biochemical effects were studied together with sequential measurements of portal vein pressure and portograms before and after omentopexy. The procedure provides significant portal decompression by the 15th postoperative day with the presence of functioning portosystemic communications between the omental and internal mammary veins. PMID- 7376049 TI - Preliminary results of transluminal dilation in the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. AB - The results of our pathologic studies demonstrated that a Gruntzig catheter does not damage arteries in vitro, and our clinical results confirm the observations made by Gruntzig and indicate that this technique has a role in management of certain patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Although long term results are not available, we believe that this technique widens the scope of management for certain patients with peripheral vascular disease but will not replace conservative medical management or surgical treatment. At present, it probably has an intermediate role between the two and replaces neither. PMID- 7376050 TI - Breast reconstruction after mastectomy. AB - The treatment of carcinoma of the breast, as with any other disease, may be considered optimal only when maximal rehabilitation has been achieved. Satisfactory restoration of contour is now possible in most patients after mastectomy. Reconstruction of 63 breasts in 50 patients has been performed. No attempt should be made to persuade a patient to undergo reconstruction. However, it would seem reasonable that patients who have undergone mastectomy might be informed of this possiblity and the reasonable results obtainable. PMID- 7376051 TI - Fundoplication for major reflux in patients with gallstones. AB - Patients referred with gallstones were screened for symptoms of reflux. Positive clinical history led to investigation with an upper gastrointestinal series as well as esophageal pH and manometric studies to identify and quantify reflux. Selected patients with symptomatic reflux in whom major or surgical reflux was discovered underwent the combined procedures of cholecystectomy and fundoplication. In all, 250 patients with gallstones were screened. Sixty patients with symptoms of reflux were considered for further study; of that group, 48 patients had major reflux, 38 of whom underwent the combined operative procedures. Fundoplication alone or in combination with cholecystectomy was carried out on 126 occasions upon 121 patients without a death. The combination of fundoplication and cholecystectomy did not prolong the hospital stay significantly, did not materially increase the incidence of postoperative complications and did not compromise the control of reflux symptoms. The postfundoplication syndrome did not occur following the combined procedures and was observed in only one patient in the entire series. Results of our study justify the liberization of indications for fundoplication in selected patients with gallstones who fulfill the criteria of major reflux, as already outlined. PMID- 7376052 TI - Peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of acute alcoholic pancreatitis. PMID- 7376053 TI - Carcinoma of the stomach in the young adult. AB - Of 1,383 patients with carcinoma of the stomach seen at this institution during a 30 year interval, 37 were 35 years of age or younger. Fourteen of the patients were less than 30 years of age and the females predominated. While all young adults underwent roentgenologic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract, only 12 had findings considered diagnostic for a malignant lesion of the stomach at the time of the initial study. Endoscopy with biopsy was done in 16 patients and confirmed the diagnosis of carcinoma in 13 patients. Carcinoma of the stomach was first diagnosed at laparotomy in 13 patients. Only 30 of 37 patients were considered operative candidates. Of the gastric resections done, 19 were curative and two, palliative. Seventy-six per cent of the lesions were either linitis plastica or poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, and lymph node metastases were present in 31 patients. Prognosis was dismal. Thirty-one patients were dead within two years of diagnosis and only two patients have survived five years. In this series, carcinoma of the stomach in young people was particularly lethal. A high index of suggestive symptoms should prompt an early, aggressive roentgenologic and endoscopic evaluation of the upper gastrointestinal tract if any chance for an increase in cure rates is to be realized. PMID- 7376054 TI - Time for a balanced approach to the local treatment of operable carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 7376055 TI - A simplified method for insertion of the LeVeen shunt. PMID- 7376056 TI - A simple method for application of microfibrillar collagen. PMID- 7376057 TI - A method for esophagogastric devascularization. PMID- 7376058 TI - A technique for distal tibial arterial anastomosis. AB - A modification of the usual technique for performing a tibial artery-to-graft anastomosis ensures proper retrograde runoff and minimizes leaks in this area which are hard to control without compromising the graft and lumen of the host artery. PMID- 7376059 TI - Prolactin secreting adenoma in 22 men. AB - The authors report on 22 men with a prolactin secreting adenoma. Clinical symptomatology included associated signs of tumoral compression with varying degrees of hypogonadism. Endocrinological evaluation disclosed hyperprolactinemia in all cases but one, and hypopituitarism in 10 of 22 cases. Of the 22 patients, 21 underwent transsphenoidal microsurgery (two of whom underwent a second procedure by the infrafrontal approach) and in one case surgery was performed by the infrafrontal route. Diagnosis was confirmed by immunocytochemical evaluation of tumoral tissue. Prolactin levels returned to normal in 32% of cases after operation and became normal after complementary bromocriptine therapy in 54.5% of cases. However, normal prolactin secretion was not consistently accompanied by a return to normal of gonadotropin regulation. In three patients radiotherapy was not effective. The latter treatment should be limited to the very rare cases of postoperative resistance to bromocriptine. PMID- 7376060 TI - Ultrasonic Doppler assessment of hemodynamics in superficial temporal artery- middle cerebral artery anastomosis. AB - The pre-, intra-, and postoperative hemodynamics were examined by a newly developed ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter in 20 patients undergoing 24 STA-MCA anastomoses. During the operations, no reverse flow was detected in the cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery. After anastomosis, prominent flow changes in direction and in volume were evident in the cortical branches and the flow pattern of the STA changed from an external carotid type preoperatively to an internal carotid type in well functioning bypasses. The results of postoperative studies were not always in good agreement with those of intraoperative studies and bypass function was relatively not good and labile in patients with only stenotic lesions and in those with "moyamoya disease". PMID- 7376062 TI - Subdural cysts and diencephalic tumor. AB - Four children with diencephalic emaciation, three of whom had subdural cysts (effusions), are described. In two of these cases the initial diagnosis was subdural effusion, which delayed the correct diagnosis. Three of the four patients with emaciation of diencephalic origin had large tumors in which the involved part of the diencephalon accounted for only a small part of the total tumor bulk. The fourth patient had a large glioma of the optic chiasm. PMID- 7376061 TI - Intracranial manifestations of Hodgkin's disease. AB - A case report of intracerebral Hodgkin's granuloma in the form of a tumor mass is presented. Documented cases of intracranial involvement and remote intracranial lesions are reviewed. PMID- 7376064 TI - Who is to operate? PMID- 7376063 TI - Diploic meningioma of the orbital roof. AB - A case of ectopic meningioma, which was confined in the diploic space of the orbital roof, is reported. Histologically, paranasal sinus mucosa was found in the tumor specimen without sharp demarcation. Nomenclature and histogenesis of this type of meningioma are discussed. PMID- 7376065 TI - Risk. PMID- 7376066 TI - Experience with brain abscesses treated by simple aspiration. AB - No deaths have occurred in 15 consecutive cases of intraparenchymatous brain abscesses in Nigerian patients who were treated by aspiration, systemic antibiotics, dexamethasone and anticonvulsants. Four patients had persistent convulsions which responded well to drug therapy and two patients had hemiparesis but were able to return to their jobs. The simplicity of this method of treatment and the results, achieved without the benefit of computerised tomographic scan, raise the question as to whether the recent trend towards excision of brain abscess is justifiable. PMID- 7376067 TI - Effect of steroid therapy on cerebral cold injury edema in the rat: the optimal dosage. AB - Effects of various doses of betamethasone on cold induced brain edema were studied in rats by RISA extravasation counting technique. Betamethasone was given in a single injection two hours prior to production of the lesion. Only limited doses were effective in preventing edema. There seem to be no beneficial effects in doses over 1 mg up to 100 mg/kg of body weight, the optimal dosage being estimated to be around 0.5 mg/kg. This result might indicate that the usual loading dose of 10 mg/kg in man is rather small for preventing brain edema most efficiently. PMID- 7376068 TI - Neuroma of the cavernous sinus. AB - A case of a surgically verified parasellar neuroma is presented. Despite clinical and radiological evidence for the origin of the tumor to be the trochlear or oculomotor nerves, an operation revealed a neuroma originating from the cavernous sinus, but exact identification of the origin of the tumor was not possible. The radiologic findings including polytomography, angiography and computed tomography are presented. The clinical and radiological differentiation between this case and typical neuromas of the gasserian ganglion are discussed. PMID- 7376069 TI - New design for an implantable vessel occluder. AB - A new implantable balloon cuff for experimental cerebral artery occlusion is described. The device consists of a small silastic balloon connected to a pressure sensitive valve and reservoir by a spring reinforced catheter. The unique features of this occluder and its insertion and function are discussed. PMID- 7376070 TI - Simple retractor holder for the Mayfield skull clamp. PMID- 7376071 TI - Cooper's ligament repair for adult groin hernias. PMID- 7376073 TI - Localization and resection of clinically inapparent medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Seven patients who, following thyroidectomy for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) had elevated peripheral basal or stimulated plasma calcitonin (CT) levels but no other evidence of disease, were prospectively studied to determine if disease could be localized by selective venous catheterization with pentagastrin stimulation. Disease was correctly localized to a surgically resectable area of the neck in every case and removed with low morbidity rates. Postoperative CT levels decreased in six of seven patients studied, suggesting reduction in tumor burden. One patient had no detectable CT following repeat selective venous catheterization with pentagastrin stimulation. Preoperative and postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels changed in a similar manner to CT levels in four of five patients studied. All patients remain alive 6 months to 3 years following the initial operation. PMID- 7376072 TI - Malignant intestinal obstruction. AB - The records of 66 consecutive patients who developed intestinal obstructions after treatment for cancer were reviewed. Approximately one third of the patients were found to have a benign cause of obstruction. The chances that an obstruction was due to cancer were increased if the patient had known metastatic cancer, previous colorectal cancer, if the primary was an advanced stage, and if the interval since treatment of the primary was short. Incomplete obstructions were treated with nasogastric suction. Although resolution of the obstruction on nasogastric suction without operation occurred in 24% of the admissions, 41% of those patients had to be readmitted for surgical relief of recurrent intestinal obstruction. Resolution of an obstruction on nasogastric suction occurred early, and there was little point in continuing a trial of suction for longer than 3 days. PMID- 7376074 TI - Atheromatous changes in expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. AB - Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has shown promise as an arterial and venous subsitute. Experimental and clinical reports on its use as a vascular prosthesis have documented excellent tissue incorporation with the development of a thin neointimal lining. We have recovered three PTFE grafts within which atheromatous changes of the neointimal were discovered on pathological examination. Anatomic location, radiographic findings, and special stains differentiated these changes from suture-line neointimal hyperplasia. Two of the three grafts were placed as angioaccess conduits for chronic hemodialysis. The potential for accelerated atherogenesis in chronic renal failure and repeated needle punctures of the grafts may have been contributory factors in these patients. These findings suggest that further evaluation is necessary to determine if PTFE allows for optimal neointimal healing or if, in fact, expanded PTFE has atherogenic potential. PMID- 7376075 TI - A study of the lateral wall pressure exerted by balloon-tipped catheters. AB - A technique was developed for assessing the lateral wall pressure exerted by balloon-tipped catheters. It was found that (1) high intraballoon pressures do not produce high lateral wall pressures in a minimally constricting lumen; (2) inflation of the balloon by partial compression of a large initial volume of air results in a much more compressible balloon and produces markedly less arterial distortion; and (3) use of the catheters inflated in this way is effective clinically. Therefore, instead of the usual technique, we recommend inflation of the embolectomy balloon by partial compression of a comparatively large initial volume of air in the syringe. PMID- 7376076 TI - Ankle pressure changes in distal bypass grafts during knee flexion. AB - Systolic ankle blood pressure was measured with the limb extended and then acutely flexed in four study groups. These included 11 normal individuals, 11 patients with below-knee autologous saphenous vein bypass grafts, 11 patients with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prosthetic below-knee bypass grafts, and 11 patients with femoropopliteal arterial occclusion who had not undergone bypass grafting. This study shows that normal limbs, limbs with saphenous vein bypass grafts, arteriosclerotic limbs, and those with PTFE bypass grafts all tolerate acute knee flexion without significant decrease in distal blood pressure. PMID- 7376077 TI - Immunosuppression by hyperbaric oxygen. AB - Reports from several laboratories have indicated that hyperbaric oxygen might be immunosuppressive in animals. We examined the effect of hyperbaric oxygen on a well-studied model of cell-mediated immunity in the mouse, contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). Using this model, we showed that daily 5-hour exposure of mice to 2.5 ATA hyperbaric oxygen was markedly immunosuppressive. Immunosuppression occurred when mice were exposed to hyperbaric oxygen (HBOX) for 4 days daily before DNFB sensitization or for 5 days daily after sensitization. The immunosuppression was reversed by intravenous administration of 2 x 10(7) peritoneal exudate cells from syngeneic mice, but was not reversed by 5 x 10(7) lymph node cells intravenously. We showed that daily HBOX exposure resulted in a dramatic decrease in circulating total leukocytes and lymphocytes in spleen weight, and in DNA synthesis in draining lymph nodes of sensitized mice. Serum cortisol levels were only marginally elevated in HBOX-treated mice. PMID- 7376078 TI - Amputation level following unsuccessful distal limb salvage operations. AB - Distal arterial grafting for limb salvage remains controversial. Among the criticisms is the potential adverse effect of failed distal bypass on subsequent amputation level. Measurement of popliteal pressure with Doppler ultrasound is useful in predicting healing at the below-knee (BK) level and, pressure of greater than or equal to 60 mm Hg was associated with 87% BK healing in 51 limbs undergoing amputation without prior distal bypass. This study examined the outcome in 40 limbs amputated after unsuccessful distal revascularization and compared the final amputation level with that predicted by popliteal pressure measurements obtained prior to bypass. Forty limbs underwent amputation after unsuccessful limb salvage following attempted femoropopliteal grafts (13), femorotibial grafts (10), a combination of both procedures (10) or tibial artery exploration alone (7). Of 33 limbs with initial pressure of greater than or equal to 60 mm Hg, eventual healing at the BK level was achieved in only 17 (52%). Four of seven limbs with initial pressures of less than 60 mm Hg healed at the BK level, and increased popliteal pressure prior to amputation was shown in three of these. Of the total 40 limbs, only 21 (53%) obtained final healing at the BK level. These results indicate that unsuccessful limb salvage attempts adversely affected ultimate amputation level in limbs initially considered to be candidates for BK amputation. PMID- 7376079 TI - Surgical correction of chronic deep venous insufficiency by valvular transposition. AB - Twelve limbs in nine patients undergoing venous valve transposition in treatment of severe chronic deep venous insufficiency are the subject of this report. Hemodynamic measurements including venous pressure studies, photoplethysmography, directional venous Doppler assessment, and impedance plethysmography were done pre- and postoperatively in each case, as was ascending and descending venography. The surgical technique is described in detail and diagrams illustrate general features of the reconstruction. The results show that a functioning valve in the deep venous system of the lower extremity may reverse pre-operative pathophysiology. This preliminary view of the operation indicates that it may have great promise in the field of direct venous reconstruction. PMID- 7376080 TI - Noninvasive flow techniques in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease. AB - The accuracy of oculoplethysmography (OPG) and carotid phonoangiography (CPA) singly and in combination, the Doppler velocity detector, and photoplethysmography (PPG) was checked by measurement of the degree of stenosis as shown on arteriograms in 308 internal carotid arteries. In a second study using arteriographic measurement in 210 internal carotid arteries, the comparative accuracy of the fluid-filled (Kartchner) and the air-filled (Zira) OPG, each with and without CPA, was assessed. In the first study the specificity in arteries with less than 40% diameter reduction varied from 88% for the PPG to 97% for the Doppler examination. The sensitivity in arteries with more than 40% diameter reduction varied from 17% for the Doppler examination to 80% for the combination of OPG plus CPA. For arteries with a reduction in diameter greater than 70%, the sensitivity varied from 67% for the CPA to 87% for the OPG plus CPA. The sensitivity of the OPG plus CPA for total occlusions was 93%. For bilateral carotid artery stenosis over 40%, the sensitivity varied from 50% for the CPA to 82% for the combined OPG plus CPA. In the second study, for arteries with less than 40% stenosis the specificity varied from 86% for the Zira computed readout to 93% for the OPG(K). In the second study, when retrospectively analyzed, the sensitivity for arteries with more than 40% stenosis varied from 74% for the Zira computed readout to 88% for the combined OPG(K) plus CPA. For arteries with greater than 70% diameter reduction the sensitivity varied from 79% for the Zira readout to 100% for OPG plus CPA. For bilateral carotid artery disease with greater than 40% diameter reduction, the sensitivity ranged from 50% for OPG(Z) to 77% for OPG(Z) plus CPA. PMID- 7376082 TI - Pneumatic tourniquet as a substitute for vascular clamps in distal bypass surgery. AB - The pneumatic tourniquet is an effective substitute for vascular clamps in tibial and popliteal artery surgery. Intimal trauma due to clamping is avoided. Because circumferential dissection of the vessel is not necessary, the vasa vasorum are preserved minimizing ischemic injury to the vessel wall. The technique has been employed in 40 distal popliteal and tibial reconsteal and tibial reconstructions during the past year with only one complication that may possibly be related to its use. Early patency was 92% at the patient's time of discharge from the hospital. In all four patients requiring below-knee amputation, primary wound healing and successful prosthetic rehabilitation were achieved. This technique appears to be safe and simplifies distal reconstructions for lower extremity ischemia. PMID- 7376083 TI - Edema of the papilla of Vater simulating retained common duct stone. AB - A prominent or edematous papilla of Vater may prodce a rounded filling defect in the duodenum. During T tube or operative cholangiography, this may simulate a calculus impacted in the distal or intramural portion of the common bile duct. This communication reports such an occurrence. Recognition of this potential cause for a false positive cholangiogram should prevent some instances of unnecessary instrumentation of the common bile duct. PMID- 7376081 TI - Limb salvage by percutaneous transluminal recanalization of the occluded superficial femoral artery. AB - Six patients with rest pain and gangrene or ulceration were treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty using the Gruntzig balloon catheter. All had superficial femoral artery occlusion with severe stenosis or occlusion of the popliteal and tibial arteries. Two patients had previous distal bypass procedures which had failed, and none was a candidate for arterial reconstruction. The superficial femoral artery was recanalized in five patients with an increase in the above-knee pressure index from 0.5 +/- 0.1 to 1.0 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.001) and ankle pressure index from 0.2 +/- 0.1 to 0.5 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.001). All five patients avoided early amputation and were able to ambulate when discharged. The sixth patient could not be recanalized and required above-knee amputation. Restenosis of the recanalized superficial femoral artery occurred in four patients 2 to 5 months later, and repeat transluminal angioplasty was successful in three patients. Two patients have required below-knee amputation 4 and 5 months after recanalization. Transluminal angioplasty can extend our capability of early limb salvage. PMID- 7376084 TI - The application of distal bypass operations for limb salvage. PMID- 7376085 TI - CAT scans and catecholamines. PMID- 7376087 TI - [Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with gold preparations under control of their concentration in the blood serum]. PMID- 7376086 TI - [Types of gastric secretion]. PMID- 7376088 TI - [Case of leptospirosis difficult for diagnosis in epidemiologic and clinical practice]. PMID- 7376089 TI - [Efficiency of endocardial blood flow and general physical work capacity: an express method of determining the available level of energy expenditure by coronary reserve]. PMID- 7376090 TI - [Cronkhite-Canada syndrome]. PMID- 7376091 TI - [Free amino acid content in the gastric juice of duodenal peptic ulcer patients]. PMID- 7376092 TI - [Assessment of the protective properties of gastric juice in different stomach diseases]. PMID- 7376093 TI - [Methodological characteristics of the atropine test]. PMID- 7376095 TI - [Intestinal functional state disorders and their detection in chronic digestive organ diseases]. PMID- 7376094 TI - [Cigarette smoking and stomach functions (secretion and motility) in duodenal peptic ulcer and other diseases of the digestive organs]. PMID- 7376096 TI - [Role of gastroduodenal reflux in the formation of gastroduodenal pathology]. PMID- 7376097 TI - [Characteristics of nocturnal gastric secretion in peptic ulcer and its relationship to gastroduodenal reflux]. PMID- 7376099 TI - [Indocyanine green chromodiagnostic test in acute viral hepatitis and other liver diseases]. PMID- 7376098 TI - [Gastric motor and evacuatory function studied by a continuous electrogastrographic and radiogastrographic method]. PMID- 7376100 TI - [Microbial allergy, autoimmunization and the biochemical makeup of the bile in chronic cholecystitis]. PMID- 7376101 TI - [Changes in the major duodenal papilla tract diseases and chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7376104 TI - [State of the sympathetic-adrenal system examined by the catecholamine level in varying forms of colitis]. PMID- 7376103 TI - [State of gastrin and growth hormone secretion in duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7376102 TI - [Microflora of the upper part of the small intestine in diseases of the hepatobiliary system]. PMID- 7376105 TI - [Immunological aspects of intestinal dysbacteriosis]. PMID- 7376106 TI - [Endoscopic semeiotics of Crohn's disease of the large intestine]. PMID- 7376107 TI - [Changes in the large intestine mucosa in chronic gastritis, gastric polyposis and in unaltered gastric mucosa in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 7376109 TI - [Wolfram's syndrome]. PMID- 7376108 TI - [Relationship of the blood content of adrenaline-like substances, serum cholinesterases and blood coagulation in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7376110 TI - [Modern problems in the diagnosis of diabetic osteoarthropathy]. PMID- 7376111 TI - [Bacteria and the intestinal tract]. PMID- 7376112 TI - Prophylaxis of postpneumonectomy empyema. AB - Systemic antibiotics started before operation have been found to give inadequate prophylaxis against postpneumonectomy empyema in our practice. Experimental work by others has suggested that combining this treatment with topical irrigation and intrapleural antibiotics would give improved results. We have adopted this suggestion and found it to give better prophylaxis where pneumonectomy is associated with high risk factors. The difficulty of anticipating these high risk cases, and fringe benefits of this combined technique, make this brief addition to operating routine reasonable in all cases. PMID- 7376113 TI - A service for the adult asthmatic. AB - A service for 300 adult asthmatics is described. Since the service was started in 1970 only one death has occurred and this patient failed to comply with treatment or advice. Two patients required intermittent positive pressure ventilation. The success of the service is founded on two facts. Firstly, the natural history of life-threatening asthma usually allowed time to change treatment at home or in a clinic and this prevented the development of the severe grades. Secondly, the great majority of asthmatics could be taught how to recognise worsening of their asthma and to communicate with a doctor who then changed the treatment. An essential feature of the service is that the patients had at all times easy access to a doctor with appropriate knowledge and attitudes. PMID- 7376114 TI - Respiratory disease in tea workers in Sri Lanka. AB - Blending of different grades of tea is a very dusty process which exposes workers to a fine fluff. One hundred and twenty-five tea blenders with an average service of 22.9 years in the industry were interviewed according to a standard questionnaire, and submitted to a clinical and radiographical examination. The examination was repeated eight and 31 months later. A total of 46 workers (36%) had respiratory illness, 31 had chronic bronchitis (24.8%), eight had asthma (6.4%), and seven had active or inactive pulmonary tuberculosis (5.6%). The prevalence of chronic bronchitis and asthma was more than that expected in the general population. It is suggested that these two conditions are aetiologically related to long-term exposure to tea fluff. PMID- 7376116 TI - Indirect arterial pulse tracings in children with coarctation of the aorta before and after operation. AB - Eleven children with coarctation of the aorta were investigated before and after surgical treatment, using simultaneous indirect carotid and femoral pulse wave tracing. The timing of the onset of the femoral pulse in the children with coarctation, both before and after operation, did not differ significantly from normal. However, the time interval between the peak of the femoral pulse and the dicrotic notch of the carotid pulse was significantly shorter than normal in the children with coarctation before operation. After operation, the peak femoral to carotid dicrotic notch time interval was restored to normal. It is suggested that this simple non-invasive test might be of value in the long-term follow-up of patients after operation for coarctation of the aorta, particularly in those undergoing operation early in childhood, to detect residual or recurrent coarctation. PMID- 7376115 TI - Atrioventricular conduction system in univentricular heart of right ventricular type with right-sided rudimentary chamber. AB - The conduction tissue in a univentricular heart of the right ventricular type with a right-sided rudimentary chamber was studied. Both an anterior and conventional node were found, the anterior node being positioned in the atrial septum very close to the conventional node. Between the two nodes, a sling of conduction tissue passed through the annulus fibrosus but was not related to the trabecular septum. A non-branching bundle descended on to a free-running trabecula in the main ventricular chamber, the trabecular septum itself being devoid of conduction tissue. We believe it is likely that this trabecula represents the trabecula septomarginalis of the normal right ventricle. It has recently been suggested that during development the primordium of the trabecula septomarginalis is the structure which carries the conduction tissue from the atrioventricular node (whatever its position) to the trabecular septum. The present findings seem to support this. PMID- 7376117 TI - Plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy and liver cirrhosis. AB - Primary pulmonary hypertension with plexiform vascular changes in the lungs and liver cirrhosis is a rare combination of unclear pathogenesis. Until now, the real prevalence has not been known. The diagnosis of this association is usually made retrospectively. The criteria are morphological--that is, right ventricular hypertrophy and the characteristic pulmonary arterial lesions, as well as clinical--based on ECG and chest radiography. Between 1970 and 1977, two such cases have been found among a total of 11988 necropsies performed on adults. In the same necropsy series, 765 cases of liver cirrhosis were found. The prevalence of this combination is 0.26% of the cirrhosis and 0.016% of all necropsies of adults. This low prevalence raises serious doubts as to whether the association is more than coincidental. PMID- 7376119 TI - Effects of lobectomy on lung function. AB - The effect of lobectomy on lung function was investigated in 16 patients in whom comprehensive lung function tests were performed before and between six weeks and six months after lobectomy. The operation was well tolerated even by patients with quite severe airways obstruction. The effect of lobectomy on forced flow rates was in keeping with the change in lung volumes. There was no alteration in the distribution of ventilation and the diffusion capacity remained unchanged. The changes in the pressure volume curves were difficult to explain. All patients, even those with nearly "complete" hyperinflation of the remaining lung, had appreciable increases in maximal intrapleural pressure at full inspiration. PMID- 7376118 TI - Mycoplasma pneumonia with fulminant evolution into diffuse interstitial fibrosis. AB - A fatal case of interstitial pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae with fulminant evolution into diffuse interstitial fibrosis is reported. Treatment with tetracycline and corticosteroids failed to arrest the progress of the disease. Fatal Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections have been reported previously and some degree of pulmonary fibrosis has been described in a few cases but as far as could be ascertained there are no other well-documented cases of diffuse interstitial fibrosis with proved Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. PMID- 7376120 TI - Intrapericardial aneurysm of the left atrial appendage. AB - A 24-year-old housewife with congenital aneurysm of the left atrial appendage underwent a successful operation for its removal. Operation, using cardiopulmonary bypass, is indicated in all patients with atrial aneurysm. The procedure has proved uniformly safe and successful. PMID- 7376121 TI - Radionuclide angiography in the diagnosis of congenital intrapericardial aneurysm of the left atrial appendage. PMID- 7376122 TI - Pleuropulmonary complications of thoracic vertebral osteomyelitis. PMID- 7376123 TI - Primary melanocarcinoma of the lower respiratory tract. PMID- 7376124 TI - Severe asthma after inadvertent ingestion of oxprenolol. PMID- 7376125 TI - Inspiratory muscle force in normal subjects and patients with interstitial lung disease. AB - Measurements of the lowest mouth pressures developed during maximum static inspiratory efforts are related to the recoil force of the lung and occasionally are influenced by glottic closure. The measurement of minimal pleural pressures (P pl min) over the entire range of inspiratory capacity eliminates both problems and, in addition, provides a good estimate of the subject's cooperation. Using this technique, we have investigated the inspiratory muscle force in 120 healthy adults (60 men, 60 women) aged 21 to 76 years, and 15 healthy children (eight boys, seven girls) aged 7 to 13 years. Twelve patients with interstitial lung disease were studied for comparison. In the healthy adults, at any fixed (fractional) lung volume, P pl min increased, that is, became less negative with advancing age, both in males and females (all r greater than 0.56, p less than 0.001). This pattern was not modified after correction of the data for the static recoil pressure of the chest wall, indicating that the inspiratory muscle force actually decreases with age. In any age group, and after correction of lung volume for the difference in stature, the P pl min values in women were between 80 and 90% of the values found in men; moreover the children generated pressures that were as low as those developed by the younger adults. This is probably because women and children have a smaller thorax than men and are therefore able to generate low pressures, despite weaker muscles. When the reduction in lung volume was taken into account, the relationship between lung volume and P pl min was normal in the patients with interstitial lung disease. These patients showed a close relationship between the degree of lung volume restriction and the increase of the static recoil pressure of the lung at full inflation, suggesting that their thorax is normally compliant. It appears therefore that these patients have normal inspiratory muscle force, at least when they are not in an advanced stage of the disease. PMID- 7376126 TI - Evaluation of paracoagulation tests by plasma fibrinogen chromatography. PMID- 7376128 TI - Prophylaxis of postoperative thromboembolism by low dose heparin and by acetylsalicylic acid given simultaneously. A double blind study. PMID- 7376129 TI - The effect of ticlopidine administration to humans on the binding of adenosine diphosphate to blood platelets. PMID- 7376127 TI - Coagulation changes in the newborn with respiratory failure. PMID- 7376130 TI - The use of antibodies to investigate the role of factor XI in platelets. PMID- 7376131 TI - Polycations as possible substitutes for protamine in heparin neutralization. PMID- 7376133 TI - The inhibition of the intrinsic generation of activated factor X by heparin and hirudin. PMID- 7376132 TI - Identification of granular heterogeneity in blood platelets by controlled digitonin-induced cell lysis. PMID- 7376136 TI - Inhibition of type III collagen induced platelet aggregation by active alpha 1 (III) CB4 peptide fragments. PMID- 7376135 TI - The A alpha chain composition of low solubility fibrinogen. PMID- 7376134 TI - Thrombogenicity of factor IX concentrates and polyethylene glycol processing. PMID- 7376137 TI - Effect of monovalent cations on the heparin-enhanced antithrombin III/thrombin reaction. PMID- 7376138 TI - Heparin and the inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin III. PMID- 7376140 TI - [Experiences with urinary tests during treatment of drug addicts. Young addicts' center, University of Oslo psychiatric clinic]. PMID- 7376139 TI - Hydrolysis of N-alpha-benzoyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide by human alpha thrombin in the presence of heparin. PMID- 7376142 TI - [Determination of liver weight by scintigraphy. A reference material]. PMID- 7376141 TI - [Detection of narcotics and other addictive drugs in urine. A way in the fight against drug abuse]. PMID- 7376143 TI - [Surgical treatment of ascites. Peritoneal-venous shunt (LeVeens shunt)]. PMID- 7376144 TI - [Short term course in psychiatry for interns in Hedmark county]. PMID- 7376145 TI - [Antihypertensive agents as a possible cause of depression]. PMID- 7376146 TI - [Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD)--a new disease?]. PMID- 7376147 TI - [Lung damage because of isocyanates. An important occupational health problem]. PMID- 7376148 TI - [Occurrence of hepatitis in Norwegian institutions for the mentally retarded]. PMID- 7376149 TI - [Alcohol and drug intoxication during a strike in the state monopoly for liquer and wine sale]. PMID- 7376150 TI - [Congenital malformations registered at birth in Norway 1967--1976. Medical birth registry, Bergen]. PMID- 7376151 TI - [Maternity ward routines and their effect on duration of breast feeding]. PMID- 7376152 TI - [Digoxin treatment of the newborn]. PMID- 7376153 TI - [Neonatal polycythemia]. PMID- 7376154 TI - [Hematogenous osteomyelitis in children]. PMID- 7376155 TI - [Tricho-rhino-falangeal dysplasia type I. Giedion's syndrome]. PMID- 7376156 TI - [Emotional reactions to physical therapy. A pilot study]. PMID- 7376158 TI - [Antenatal glucocorticosteroid treatment in premature birth. Prevention of respiratory distress in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7376157 TI - [Dacryocystography in epiphora]. PMID- 7376161 TI - [Heartburn in pregnancy]. PMID- 7376160 TI - [Timolol Eyedrops]. PMID- 7376159 TI - [Health services for the rural areas of Northern Norway]. PMID- 7376162 TI - [Circulatory effects of opiate antagonists. Naloxone in circulatory shock]. PMID- 7376163 TI - [Plastic bags for intermittent intravenous infusion of medicine (Mini-bag "Travenol")]. PMID- 7376164 TI - [Medical self care means rights but difficulties for the individual too]. PMID- 7376168 TI - [Ammonia poisoning in poultry]. PMID- 7376166 TI - [An icteric cat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7376169 TI - [Sterilization of dogs. II]. PMID- 7376167 TI - [Incarcerated scrotal hernia in a gelding (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical examination, anaesthesia and surgery in a gelding with an incarcerated scrotal hernia are described. The results of examination of the blood at regular intervals are shown in a table. Surgery was performed without enterectomy. The postoperation course was uneventful. It is concluded that the possibility of scrotal hernia should be borne in mind, even in geldings with colic. The incarcerated portion of the small intestine is usually found to be the jejuno-ileal junction. The anaesthesiological and surgical features of equine scrotal hernia are discussed. PMID- 7376170 TI - [Genetics and latent defects in animals. Microphthalmia in sheep (author's transl)]. AB - A sheep farmer purchased ten Texel ewes from a sheep breeder. He bought a ram from another sheep breeder. The ewes gave birth to twenty lambs. Seven lambs born of six ewes showed the features of microphthalmia. This is a simple recessive heritable defect. The buyer demanded annulment of the purchase by virtue of Section 1540 of the Civil Code. The court in Middelburg gave judgement for the plaintiff regarding the six ewes which had given birth to the lambs, showing the defect. On appeal, however, the court of justice in The Hague decided the cases in favour of the vendor, experts having defined the term 'breeding ewe' and a number of others having answered questions. PMID- 7376165 TI - [Ecthyma, a known disease, of which little is known (author's transl)]. AB - The symptoms of ecthyma are described. Treatment directed against secondary bacterial infection may consist in parenteral or local administration of antibiotics. Experimental inoculation of two commercial vaccines showed that reinoculation will take within 2-3 and five months after the first vaccination. The two vaccines produced a serological response, even after reinoculation. The fact that humoral antibodies are found to be present, is not indicative of the degree of immunity. Inoculation by scarifications will introduce pathogenic virus in a herd without producing a form of immunity, the degree and length of which are known. The virus used on vaccination will spread among the herd. PMID- 7376171 TI - [Effect of climate and seasons on the maximum and minimum temperature within the commercial vehicle in relation to drug storage]. PMID- 7376172 TI - On some factors influencing the output of the larvae of Protostrongylids of sheep in natural infections. AB - The output of first stage Protostrongylid larvae of sheep was studied in natural infections. Three sets of observations were obtained from October 1977 to December 1978 in three regions. The fauna was characterized by the high prevalence of Muellerius and Neostrongylus. The larval output varied with the species harboured by sheep and with the density of worm populations. Anthelmintic treatments influenced the fecundity of worms. The age of the animals was an important cause of variation in the size of larval output; a rise of the latter was observed in pregnant ewes at the period of lambing. A seasonal variation in output was recorded. PMID- 7376173 TI - Feline mammary tumours and dysplasias. Conclusions based on personal studies and some suggestions for future research. AB - Feline mammary tumours and dysplasias were studied by various methods: morphological, electron-microscopical, immunotlogical and virological. The most important conclusion was that cats with mammary tumours (benign and malignant tumours and lesions, the significance of which is not known so far) may be suitable animal models for the study of certain features of human mammary tumours; for instance, the study of the relationship between particular histological and biological characteristics of mammary carcinoma and the prognosis; the study of the question whether a virus (or viruses) does (do) or does (do) not play a role in the pathogenesis or growth of mammary tumours; the study of the possible presence of specific cellular and/or humoral immunity to mammary tumours and the study of the possible effects of progestogens on the mammary gland. As the study can not be regarded as a self-contained entity, it should be continued; this applies particularly to those parts of the study, that offer the best prospects for comparative investigations. PMID- 7376174 TI - Skin test as herd diagnosis for Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) in swine. AB - The value of a skin test for the diagnosis of Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) in swine was examined. Semipurified and concentrated antigens, obtained by ether/tween 80 inactivation of Aujeszky's disease virus, were inoculated intradermally into seronegative, experimentally infected and vaccinated swine and into pigs with maternal antibodies. A specific skin reaction, characterized by a visible indurated swelling, was observed within 24 hours in animals with active immunity. No reaction was seen in pigs with maternal immunity or in seronegative uninfected and unvaccinated animals. In the infected and vaccinated groups, 89% and 58% respectively of the animals with seroneutralizing antibodies were positive by the skin test response. Positive reactions were observed as early as 8 days after the infection. All but one seronegative animals remained free of antibodies after 2 consecutive skin tests and the course of decline of maternal antibodies was not changed. An earlier skin test did not lead to sensitization for a later application. The present results, together with field experience on 8 farms, revealed that the skin test could be considered a reliable method for diagnosis of Aujeszky's disease in swine on a herd basis. PMID- 7376175 TI - Effect of zinc and molybdenum supplementation of the feed concentrate on the storage of copper in the liver of lambs. PMID- 7376176 TI - Studies on bovine demodecosis in northern Nigeria. Specification and host parasite relationships. AB - The study reported in the present paper discusses the clinical and histological picture of bovine demodecosis and the morphology of Demodex mites as seen in four cows suffering from generalized demodecosis. There were no clinical signs of other skin affections. Changes in both the number and the appearance of visible skin lesions were seen and related to the level of nutrition and the exposure to sunshine of the cattle. Histological sections of some skin nodules showed the presence of mite colonies in the hair follicles. Only adults were seen in the sebaceous glands. Microscopical study of the morphology of the mites revealed the presence of two types of demodicids in the skin lesions and three types from epilated eyelashes. Morphological criteria are presented to aid in identification of species and of life stages. PMID- 7376177 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the equine stomach. A report of seven cases. AB - Both clinical and pathological features of seven horses suffering from a squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach are presented. The main complaints in the horses, aged six years or more, were loss both of weight and of condition. Metastases had often developed. The diagnostic difficulties and possibilities are discussed. PMID- 7376178 TI - [Pasteurella multocida infections in birds following cat bites (author's transl)]. AB - Infection with Pasteurella multocida caused by bites has been known for several decades. Cats are an important factor in Pasteurella multocida infection. Considerable numbers of victims are 'rescued' from the mouths of cats and submitted to bird reception centres for treatment. A number of bird shelters sent birds in this condition to the present authors for closer examination. The majority of birds caught by cats die. The mortality rates in shelters were reported to be 30, 90, 99 and one hundred per cent. Of the birds rescued alive from the mouths of cats, approximately 40 per cent died from the direct effects of the bites, and approximately 60 per cent died from Pasteurella multocida infection. PMID- 7376179 TI - Personnel management. PMID- 7376180 TI - Employee Benefits. PMID- 7376181 TI - Survey of benefit administration practices. PMID- 7376182 TI - Benefits plan design issues today and through the 1980s. PMID- 7376183 TI - Funding of employee benefits. PMID- 7376184 TI - Tax deferred annuity and deferred compensation plans. PMID- 7376186 TI - Job evaluation systems. PMID- 7376185 TI - Trends in hospital labor relations. PMID- 7376187 TI - Employee benefit communications. PMID- 7376188 TI - Preretirement planning programs. PMID- 7376189 TI - Arrhythmogenicity of long-chain fatty acids for cultured rat heart myocytes. AB - Cultures of beating rat heart myocytes were exposed for 1 h to stearic, oleic, linoleic or arachidonic acid (5 x 10(-5) M at a 2 : 1 or 6 : 1 FFA/albumin ratio) in hypoxic or normoxic medium with or without glucose. After the 1 h exposure the medium was changed again to normoxic medium without FFA but with an "equivalent" amount of albumin. The grade of arrhythmia was determined at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 h after addition of the medium containing FFA. Hypoxia during FFA exposure was not required for arrhythmogenesis although linoleic and arachidonic acids were less and stearic acid was more arrhythmogenic during initial hypoxia than during initial normoxia. Glucose slowed arrhythmogenesis produced by the unsaturated FFA during hypoxia and completely reversed arrhythmogenesis by stearic acid after 16 h with most treatments. Arrhythmogenesis resulting from unsaturated FFA was minimally affected by the FFA/albumin ratios used. PMID- 7376190 TI - Serum bile acid concentration in some experimental liver lesions of rat. AB - The usefulness of measuring serum bile acid concentrations by RIA in a number of acute experimental liver injuries of rats was assessed by comparing the concentrations with the results of some of the routinely employed methods of examining hepatotoxic changes. Centrilobular liver cell injury produced by CCl4 revealed leakage of GPT and GDH and to a lesser extent AP; along with minimal increase in serum bile acid levels. Serum bilirubin concentration remained unchanged. Surgical bile duct ligation resulted in marked rises in AP, GPT and GDH and total bilirubin levels and levels of serum bile acids. Intravenous injection of MnSO4 induced focal necrosis of liver and bile canalivular dilation associated with elevated GDH and GPT concentrations. AP and bilirubin levels were unchanged. Bile acid levels were raised among female rats. 2,4-Xylidine induced hepatotoxicity revealed bile duct hyperplasia, liver cell enlargement, liver cell necrosis, biliary canalicular dilation and proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum. GDH and GPT levels were raised along with bile acid concentrations. This study suggested that assay of bile acid concentration is a sensitive indicator of several acute hepatic injuries. PMID- 7376191 TI - The role of biotransformation in organic mercury neurotoxicity. AB - Although the clinical patterns of organic and inorganic mercury poisoning are very different, systemic toxicity experiments have shown that the histological changes in the kidneys and dorsal root ganglia neurones are identical with the 2 classes of compounds. It has been further suggested that the toxicity of organic mercurials is the result of biotransformation to inorganic mercury. To test this hypothesis, between 10(-7) and 10(-10) mol of mercuric chloride and methyl mercuric acetate were injected directly into the cerebrum of rats. The comparative size of lesions was estimated anatomically and by reference to blood brain barrier dysfunction. Inorganic lesions were only slightly larger than those produced by equimolar amounts of organic mercury. Consequently both organic and inorganic mercury must be regarded as neurotoxic in their own right. Conversion of organic mercury certainly occurs but is not the only mechanism by which organic mercury exerts its toxicological effect. PMID- 7376193 TI - Conjugation of fatty acids to DDT in the rat: possible mechanism for retention. AB - Palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic fatty acid conjugates of DDT were retained in vivo in livers and spleens of male and female rats given chronic i.p. injections of DDT. These DDT fatty acid conjugates could also be produced in vitro in a rat liver coenzyme A fortified microsomal system using the DDT hydroxylated metabolite DDOH as the substrate. The phenomenon of fatty acid conjugation to DDT may be a mechanism by which it is retained in the body and ultimately exerts its toxic effect. PMID- 7376192 TI - Role of the endocrine system in the action of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the thymus. AB - Several experiments were conducted to study the involvement of the adrenal and the pituitary gland in the acute toxic effects of TCDD. Adrenalectomized or hypophysectomized rats were treated with a single oral dose of 10 or 20 microgram of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)/kg body weight. The reduced growth rate, the hepatotoxic effects and thymic involution induced by TCDD were not prevented by the adrenalectomy. The pituitary gland did not appear to be involved in causing thymic involution. In fact, the thymic effects of TCDD intoxication were even somewhat increased in hypophysectomized rats. Treatment with growth hormone failed to prevent thymic involution or the influence of TCDD on the liver. PMID- 7376195 TI - Need for purity both in testing and commercial production of organophosphorus compounds. PMID- 7376196 TI - Induction of xenobiotic metabolism in rats by short-term administration of brominated diphenyl ethers. AB - Commercial preparations of fire retardant brominated diphenyl ethers were tested along with bis (p-bromophenyl) ether and diphenyl ether for their ability to alter xenobiotic metabolism. The materials, 0.1 mmol/kg/day, were administered p.o. to male rats for 14 days. Pentabromodiphenyl and octabromodiphenyl ether preparations increased O-ethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (EPN) detoxification, p-nitroanisole demethylation, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome P-450, liver weight, UDP-glucuronyltransferase and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase. Diphenyl ether increased only EPN detoxification and decabromodiphenyl ether only liver weight. Bis(p-bromophenyl) ether increased liver weight, cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome P-450. The data indicate that these materials are inducers of xenobiotic metabolism with activity dependent upon degree of bromination. PMID- 7376194 TI - Responses of rodent hepatic, renal and pulmonary aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase following exposure to cigarette smoke. AB - Using the British-American Tobacco Co. (B.-A.T.)-Mason inhalation system which releases a precisely-calibrated dilution of tobacco smoke into a chanber, male and female rats, guinea pigs, hamsters and gerbils were exposed to the optimum smoke concentration found to induce rat renal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) (40 puffs of a 1 : 5 dilution of smoke from cigarettes prepared from a blend of Canadian flue-cured tobaccos). The tissue activity was measured in 9000 g supernatants of homogenates of lung, liver and kidney 6 h following exposure. Cigaratte smoke was found to be a potent inducer of AHH, dilutions as high as 1 : 40 inducing this enzyme in rat kidney. Marked tissue, sex and species differences in basal AHH were observed. Induction up to 6-fold, was observed only in lung and kidney of male and female rats. In hamsters and gerbils, lung AHH was induced in both sexes but only renal AHH in female hamsters. In male and female guinea pigs, only the renal AHH was induced some 5-fold. Hepatic AHH was not inducible in any of the species studied. The analysis of changes in AHH activity in a responsive species and tissue(s) could be a valuable technique for the quantitative evaluation of biological effects of low concentrations of cigarette smoke. PMID- 7376198 TI - Studies on the developmental toxicity of ozone: postnatal effects. AB - Pregnant rats were exposed to either 0, 1.0, or 1.5 ppm ozone during either mid gestation (Days 9-12) or late gestation (Days 17-20). The dams were allowed to deliver and the early morphological and behavioral development of their pups was monitored. Both exposure regimens transiently reduced neonatal growth rates. The late gestation exposure regimen produced retardations in early reflex development and in open field behavior. Finally, several males from this exposure regimen remained permanently stunted in growth. PMID- 7376197 TI - Determination of sodium saccharin in animal feed, wastewater and human urine by high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - Analytical methods are described for sodium saccharin in animal feed, wastewater and human urine at levels as low as 10, 0.1 and 10 ppm, respectively. Samples of animal feed and wastewater are subjected to liquid-liquid partitioning then the feed is further cleaned up on a column of silica gel prior to analysis by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a paired-ion mobile phase and an ultraviolet detector set at 230 nm. Samples of human urine require a cleanpu on a column of XAD-2 prior to the partitioning and silica gel steps as well as an adjustment in the composition of the mobile phase to quantify saccharin. Data concerning partition values and the stability of sodium saccharin in animal feed are also presented. PMID- 7376200 TI - Sex-dependent difference in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in mouse liver. AB - Sex difference was observed in the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity of liver in the C3H/He strain of mice. Treatment with estradiol showed an increase in AHH activity in gonadectomized female mice, but not in males. Testosterone, however, lowered AHH activity in both the gonadectomized male and female. Following treatment with either estradiol or testosterone in neonatal stages, AHH activity increased in males, but not in females. A sex difference was observed also in the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, which was higher in the female, but not in the levels of cytochrome P-450 and benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-induced spectral changes. PMID- 7376199 TI - Distribution and excretion of 203Hg2+ in rats after unitiol, spironolactone and polythiol resin treatment. AB - Rats were given 203HgCl2 i.v. at a dose level of 120 microgram of Hg2+ per rat. The effect of unitiol (UNI; sodium 2, 3-dimercaptopropanosulphonate) and a combined UNI, spironolactone (SPL) and polythiol resin treatment on wholebody retention, organ distribution and excretion were studied for 48 h. In both treated groups significant increases in excretion and decreases in whole-body retention of 203Hg were observed. In the combination-treated group significantly lower values of 203Hg in plasma, kidney and brain were found. PMID- 7376203 TI - The effect of hexachlorophene on the optic nerve and visual faculty in Beagle dogs after prolonged dermal application. AB - In a systemic tolerance study in Beagle dogs the effect of an ointment, containing 1, 3 or 10% hexachlorophene (HCP), applied dermally, on the optic system over a period of 12 weeks was investigated. Besides an irreversible loss of visual faculty during treatment with 3 and 10% HCP, a permanent mydriasis, peripapillary exudations and other alterations of the ocular fundus were observed at the same dose levels, suggesting that HCP has a strong affinity to the optic nervous system in dogs without clear-cut correlations to HCP plasma levels. PMID- 7376202 TI - Enhancement of toxicity and enzyme-repressing activity of p-dioxane by chlorination: stereoselective effects. AB - The acute toxicity of p-dioxane may be enhanced up to 1000-fold by chlorination of the compound. The effect was stereoselective. Of the stereoisomers tested, tetrachloro-p-dioxane, isomer I (2r, 3t, 5t, 6c) was over 80 times more toxic than isomer II (2r, 3c, 5t, 6t). The latter compound was also a potent repressor of hepatic dimethylnitrosamine-demethylase I (DMN-d) and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH). PMID- 7376204 TI - A quantitative ultrastructural comparison of macrophages from rats exposed to smoke derived from conventional tobacco and a tobacco substitute. AB - Using an image analysing computer a variety of ultrastructural features from micrographs of alveolar macrophages have been quantified. Macrophages from rats exposed to smoke from conventional tobacco cigarettes, for 6 months, revealed statistically significant changes when compared to controls. The macrophages were larger, rounded with fewer pseudopodia and contained increased numbers of inclusions. There were no statistically significant changes in macrophages from rats exposed to smoke from a tobacco substitute. PMID- 7376201 TI - Competitive inhibitory effect of microsomal N-hydroxylase, a possible explanation for the in vivo in inhibition of 2-acetylaminofluorene carcinogenicity by 3 methylcholanthrene. AB - The kinetic properties of the N-hydroxylation of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) are studied with microsomal preparations of livers from both control and 3 methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-pretreated rats and hamsters. The level of basal enzymatic activity is higher in hamster than in rat liver; 3-MC induces the activity in both animals. When added in vitro to incubation mixture, 3-MC competitively inhibits the N-hydroxylase activity. When fed to rats simultaneously with 2-AAF, 3-MC suppresses the carcinogenicity of the acetylated arylamine by inhibiting the first step in its activation pathway. Hamster tissues are not protected by this pretreatment because the level of N-hydroxylase activity is too high. PMID- 7376205 TI - Biochemical events in delayed neurotoxicity: is aging of chymotrypsin inhibited by saligenin cyclic phosphates a model for aging of neurotoxic esterase? AB - Chymotrypsin and neurotoxic esterase (NTE) have some similarities. After inhibition of concentrated (80-800 micro M) chymotrypsin by aryl saligenin cyclic phosphates it is known that aging occurs and some phenolic material becomes attached to protein. This binding has now been shown to be a manifestation of non specific reaction with any available electrophile such as Tris, reduced glutathione (GSH), or protein. The reaction is therefore not a model for the 100% efficient transfer of alkyl groups to protein which occurs during aging of NTE inhibited by dialkyl phosphates. PMID- 7376206 TI - Delayed neurotoxicity caused by chronic feeding of organophosphates requires a high-point of inhibition of neurotoxic esterase. AB - Experiments are reported showing that chronic feeding of either mono-2-cresyl diphenyl phosphate or diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) to hens does not cause clinically observable delayed neurotic effects prior to a point when inhibition of neurotoxic esterase (NTE) of brain and spinal cord reaches 70-90%. These results are contrary to another study with diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate, which claims neuropathy without high inhibition, but are supported by results of chronic feeding experiments with tri-o-cresyl phosphate. The discrepancy cannot be attributed to differences in the strains of hens used. PMID- 7376207 TI - The effect of estradiol on a 25-hydroxycholecalciferol binding protein in the uterus of the mouse. AB - When ovariectomized mice are treated with estradiol-17 beta, their uterine tissue shows an increase in 25-hydroxycholecalciferol binding protein as well as an increase in estradiol- and progesterone-binding proteins. PMID- 7376208 TI - Bile acid induction specificity of 7 alpha-dehydroxylase activity in an intestinal Eubacterium species. AB - The addition of cholic acid to growing cultures of Eubacterium species V.P.I. 12708 caused a 25 and 46-fold increase in 7 alpha-dehydroxylation activity using cell extracts or whole cell suspensions, respectively. Bile acid conversion rates using either [14C]-cholic acid or [14C]-chenodeoxycholic acid as substrates increased at approximately the same rate when either cholic or chenodeoxycholic acid was added to growing cultures as inducer. The induction of 7 alpha dehydroxylase activity was highly specific requiring a free C-24-carboxyl group and an unhindered 7 alpha-hydroxy group on the B ring of the steroid nucleus. Unexpectedly, cholic acid also rapidly induced NADH:flavin oxidoreductase activity in growing cultures of this bacterium. PMID- 7376209 TI - Metabolism and effects of progesterone in the human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line HEC-1. AB - Human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells (HEC-1 line) were incubated with 14C progesterone. Four major labeled metabolites, 3 beta-hydroxy 5 alpha-pregnan-20 one, 5 alpha-pregnane-3 beta, 20 alpha-diol, 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and 5 alpha-pregnane-3, 20-dione were separated by thin layer chromatography, further purified by high pressure liquid chromatography, and finally identified by addition of carriers and crystallization to constant specific activity. Among these metabolites, 5 alpha-pregnane-3 beta, 20 alpha-diol seems characteristic of this cell line since its formation from labeled progesterone was not detected in normal endometrium or in 2 specimens of endometrial adenocarcinoma. The growth of HEC cells was unaffected by either progesterone or medroxyprogesterone acetate, a slowly metabolized progestin, at about 10(-6) M levels but was inhibited by about 10(-5) M concentrations of these compounds. PMID- 7376210 TI - The synthesis of cholesteryl alkyl ethers. AB - Seventeen cholesteryl alkyl ethers were synthesized through alcoholysis of cholesterol p-toluenesulfonate. This method was found superior to the etherification of sodium or potassium cholesterylate with alkyl halides or methanesulfonates, especially for the preparation of long-chain unsaturated aklyl ethers of [7(m)-3H]cholesterol of high specific activity. PMID- 7376212 TI - Total synthesis of heterocyclic steroids, Part IV. Mass spectrometry in stereochemical determination of the C/D ring fusion geometry in some heteroaromatic steroids. AB - The mass spectral fragmentation pattern and the relative intensities of the fragment peaks of the D ring in some 8-dehydroheteroaromatic steroids were studied. Characteristic differences for the cis and trans isomers were ascertained and were used for the determination of the stereochemistry of thiasteroids of which only one isomer was obtained. PMID- 7376211 TI - Circular dichroism studies of keto-bile acids. AB - Circular dichroism curves for various saturated bile acid derivatives with carbonyl groups at carbon atoms 3,7, and 12 are presented and it is demonstrated that this method offers a convenient solution for the location of mono and diketo carbonyl groups in the bile acid molecule. From the shapes (n leads to II transition) of these CD curves the precise localization of the carbonyl groups and the stereochemistry of the A/B ring juncture can be determined. PMID- 7376214 TI - Total synthesis of heterocyclic steroids, part V. Ionic hydrogenation of heteroaromatic steroidal 8,14-dienes. PMID- 7376213 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of spironolactone and several related steroids. AB - The 13C chemical shifts for all the carbon atoms is spironolactone have been assigned. Assignments for nine additional steroids which include the C-7 beta isomer of spironolactone, its C-7 thiol hydrolysis product, the 7 alpha thioacetate derivative of testosterone and its thiol hydrolysis product are also reported. PMID- 7376215 TI - The identification and characterization of the C19O3 steroid metabolites of 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol produced by the canine prostate: 5 alpha androstane-3 beta,6 alpha,17 beta-triol and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,7 alpha,17 beta-triol. AB - This study has identified the polar metabolites of 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta-17 beta-diol(3 beta-diol) produced by the canine prostate. The major metabolite is 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,7 alpha,17 beta-triol(7 alpha-triol) accounting for approximately 80% of the total polar metabolites of 3 beta-diol. The remaining 20% is accounted for exclusively by another triol, 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,6 alpha,17 beta-triol(6 alpha-triol). This study has also characterized two enzymatic hydroxylase responsible for respective triol formation: 5 alpha androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol 6 alpha-hydroxylase(6 alpha-hydroxylase) and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol 7 alpha-hydroxylase(7 alpha-hydroxylase). Both of these irreversible hydroxylases are located in the particulate fraction of the prostate and can utilize either NADH or NADPH as cofactor. Several in vitro steroid inhibitors of these hydroxylases were identified including cholesterol, estradiol and diethylstilbestrol. Neither of the hydroxylases were found to be decreased by castration (3 months) when expressed as activity/DNA. Using a variety of C19 androstane substrates, 6 alpha- and 7 alpha-triol were found to be major components of the total 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstane metabolites produced by the canine prostate. PMID- 7376216 TI - Androgen regulation of androgen receptor content and distribution in the ventral and dorsolateral prostates of aging AXC rats. AB - Total androgen receptor content of ventral or dorsolateral prostate of intact, aged (730-740 day old) rats is decreased 50% when compared to intact, young mature (150-170 day old) rats. Treatment with exogenous testosterone increased ventral and dorsolateral prostate androgen receptor content per cell in aged rats to values identical to those of prostates of young mature rats. The increase in prostate receptor content was not attributable to testosterone mediated cellular hypertrophy or hyperplasia. At 24 hr post-orchiectomy ventral prostate cytoplasmic androgen receptors are depleted of endogenous androgen, without any decrease in number of receptors per cell, and nuclear androgen receptors are undetectable. During 30 to 60 min after a single 200 microgram testosterone injection, ventral prostate nuclear receptor content increased to the level of intact control rats without producing any reduction in total cytoplasmic androgen receptor content. Although dorsolateral prostate is devoid of cytoplasmic androgen receptor, the effects of orchiectomy and testosterone treatment upon nuclear androgen receptor are comparable to those seen in ventral prostate. These effects of orchiectomy and testosterone injection upon prostatic receptor content and distribution were identical in prostates of young and aged rats. Our studies show that receptor processing in prostates of young and aged rats does not involve a process by which nuclear receptor is derived by depletion of cytoplasmic receptor. Moreover, our studies of the effect of short-term (48 hr) exogenous testosterone treatment upon androgen receptor content in prostates of aged rats are the first demonstration that androgen receptor content may be enhanced independent of generalized androgen mediated anabolic effects in prostate. PMID- 7376217 TI - Plasma estrone sulfate levels in postmenopausal women. AB - Estrone sulfate levels were measured in the plasma of 63 postmenopausal women. The assay method involved prior extraction of the free estrogens, enzyme hydrolysis of the estrone sulfate with sulfatase and radioimmunoassay of the estrone liberated. The plasma levels ranged from 37 to 320 pg/ml (expressed as free estrone) with a mean value of 178 +/- 79 pg/ml. As observed in premenopause, estrone sulfate is quantitatively the most important circulating estrogen in postmenopausal women. PMID- 7376218 TI - The octant rule VIII. Variable temperature circular dichroism spectra of alpha methyl- and methoxyl-substituted 5 alpha-cholestan-2- and -3-ones. AB - 2 alpha- and 2 beta-Methyl- and methoxy-5 alpha-cholestan-3-ones and 3 alpha- and 3 beta-methyl- and methoxy-5 alpha-cholestan-2-ones have been synthesized and their variable temperature circular dichroism spectra obtained and analyzed. Rotatory strength (R) values for alpha-axial and equatorial CH3 and OCH3 groups are determined by difference measurements with the parent ketone. The (small) equatorial CH3 R-values do not consistently follow the Octant Rule. Axial OCH3 groups do not obey the Octant Rule ("anti-octant" behavior) and impose a bathochromic shift on the C = O n-pi transition. Equatorial OCH3 groups do not consistently follow octant or "anti-octant" behavior. PMID- 7376219 TI - Further studies on the effects of flutamide on cortisol metabolism. AB - Flutamide (4'-nitro-3'-trifluoromethylisobutyranilide) has a pronounced effect on the delta 4-3-ketosteroid 5-reductases of cortisol in man. The urinary metabolites isolated following 4-14C-cortisol administration to men with prostatic cancer treated with flutamide indicate decreased activity of the 5 beta reductase with increased activity of 5 alpha-reductase. The alternate pathway of cortisol metabolism to the cortols and cortolones via Reichstein's substances epi E and Epi U is enhanced. PMID- 7376220 TI - Isolation of two new C30 sterols, (24E)-24-N-propylidenecholesterol and 24 epsilon-N-propylcholesterol, from a cultured marine Chrysophyte. AB - Two new sterols, (24E)-24-n-propylidenecholesterol and 24 epsilon-n propylcholesterol, were isolated from a cultured marine Chrysophyte. Since most of the steroids found in marine invertebrates are unchanged or modified sterols of algal or symbiotic origin, the discovery of these two unusual sterols in a unicellular alga grown under well-defined conditions contributes to our knowledge of sterols in marine food chains and offers a potential substrate for biosynthetic labeling experiments. PMID- 7376221 TI - Synthesis of steroidal 17 beta-carboxamide derivatives. AB - Several 17 beta-carboxamide derivatives of natural and fluorinated glucocorticoids have been synthesized. The 17 beta-carboxylic derivatives were obtained by periodic acid oxidation of their side chains. They were then activated by N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT) and coupled to several primary amines. Using this method eleven 17 beta-carboxamide derivatives have been prepared in good yields. PMID- 7376222 TI - Synthesis and pyrogenic effect of 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17 one and 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-androstane-7, 17-dione. AB - The first chemical synthesis of 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17 one and 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-androstane-7, 17-dione is reported. In this method, the 17 beta-side chain of commercial chenodesoxycholic acid was degraded in 6 steps after selective protection of the hydroxyl groups: 3 alpha-OH by a tert-butyldimethylsilyl group and 7 alpha-OH by an acetoxy group. The capacity of 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17-one and 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta androstane-7, 17-dione to release a pyrogen by human leukocytes was investigated by two independent methods: supernatants from leukocytes incubated with a steroid are injected to rabbits whose fever is measured, or tested by the Limulus Test (a pyrogen detection technique). The 7-keto substituted etiocholanolone still possessed pyrogenic activity, while the 7 alpha-hydroxyl substituted one did not. PMID- 7376223 TI - Rapid pulsatile corticosterone response in unanesthetized individual rats. AB - Plasma corticosterone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay of blood samples obtained rapidly and repeatedly from individual unanesthetized rats at time intervals of approximately 10 seconds. Results confirm that corticosterone release is pulsatile, as has been reported previously, but with a much faster time course and a pulse frequency close to one pulse per minute. Such a release pattern is consistent with and required by the theory that there are rate sensitive hormone receptors. Failure of others to observe such a rapid response is presumably attributable to their use of much longer intervals between samples or of sampling procedures and techniques that obliterate any variation from a preconceived smooth function. PMID- 7376224 TI - Steroid structure and function VII. remarkable estrogenicity of 3-hydroxy-9 beta estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-11,17-dione. AB - Remarkably high estrogenic activity was observed for 3-hydroxy-9 beta-estra 1,3,5(10)-triene-11,17-dione despite its unusual bent conformation. The 9 alpha epimer of this compound has markedly less activity despite the fact that its overall shape is nearly identical to that of estrone. The potency of these compounds in enhancing uterine weight in Fischer rats and reducing ovarian weight in parabiosed rats was compared with that of estrone, and the structures were unambiguously identified by X-ray crystallographic study. The results underscore the importance of the phenolic ring A to estrogenic activity, and suggest a tolerance of the putative estrogenic receptor to flexibility in overall molecular shape. PMID- 7376225 TI - Potential limitations of recrystallization for the definitive identification of radioactive steroids. AB - The usefulness of recrystallization in establishing the radiochemical purity of steroids is widely recognized, but the potential limitations of the technique have received little attention. The current study reports the failure of standard recrystallization procedures using methanol/water as the solvent pair to separate contaminating 14C-17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3, 20-dione) from 3H- and 14C-labeled 11-deoxycortisol (17,21-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione) despite ten serial crystallizations. The standard criteria of radiochemical purity were met despite gross impurity of the crystals as evidenced by thin layer chromatography. Thus, recrystallization may, under certain conditions, yield misleading results when employed as the only method for identifying radioactive steroids. These observations illustrate the importance of an optimal choice of solvent and crystallization conditions, and emphasize the need for confirmation by derivative formation and chromatography. PMID- 7376226 TI - Synthesis of new spiro-steroids, II: steroid-17-spiro-oxazolidinones. AB - New, potential aldosterone blocking 17-spiro-oxazolidinone derivatives with androstane, estrane and 13 beta-ethyl-gonane ring system were synthesized. 17S Spiro-oxiranes were used as starting compounds and the oxazolidinone ring was built up in different ways. All compounds but one were devoid of considerable endocrine activities. 3-Oxo-13 beta-ethyl-gona-4,9(10),11-triene-17S-spiro-5'-(2' oxo-3'-methyl)oxazolidine shows significant antiandrogen activity on s.c., but none on p.o. administration. PMID- 7376227 TI - In vitro pregnenolone metabolism by mouse adrenal gland: I-estrogen synthesis. AB - Adrenal gland homogenates from four different strains of mice were incubated with (4-14C)-pregnenolone and a NADPH generating system. Although quantitative differences between high and low mammary tumor strains occured, all mice synthesized estrone. The highest aromatase activity was found 2 months after castration of the (C3H x RIII) F1 mice when castration was performed at 4 days of age; this activity was lower in the C3H mice and almost negligible in the RIII and C57BL mice. PMID- 7376228 TI - A dispersed-whole cell method for the determination of androgen receptors in human skin fibroblasts. AB - A method is described for the determination of binding capacity (Ro) and dissociation constant (Kd) of androgen receptors in dispersed, whole, cultured human skin fibroblasts. The cells obtained from punch biopsies or operative specimens of skin, are grown to confluence in monolayers, harvested, washed, and dispersed in medium. Binding is assessed by incubating the cells with [3H]dihydrotestosterone (DHT) at 22 degrees C for one hour followed by washing, centrifugation and counting. Non-specific binding is determined by adding radioinert methyltrienolone (R1881). Scatchard plots are constructed using 6 concentration points; binding is expressed as sites/cell. The method is precise (Ro = 12,105 +/- 4305 (S.D.) sites/cell; Kd = 1.0 +/- 0.7 (S.D.) x 10(-9)M, n = 14 for one prepuce cell line) and independent of cell passage number. Binding is linear with respect to cell number and shows those characteristics commonly attributed to androgen receptors: high affinity, low binding capacity, saturable nuclear binding, androgen specificity, and an 8S peak in fibroblast cytosol using sucrose density gradients. Cell lines shown by other published methods to lack androgen receptors had no detectable DHT binding with this method. This assay technique has the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, and precision. PMID- 7376229 TI - Development and characterization of antisera to 18-hydroxycorticosterone and 18 hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone and radioimmunoassay for serum 18 hydroxycorticosterone. AB - A method for the production of the haptens 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone-3-(O carboxymethyl)-oxime (18-OH-DOC-3-CMO) and 18-hydroxycorticosterone-3-(O carboxymethyl)-oxime (18-OH-B-3-CMO) is described. The formation of the oximes was studied in kinetic experiments. They were prepared at pH 1.6 in methanol/HCl using a short reaction time. Antisera were raised in rabbits using serum albumin conjugates. The highly specific antisera were used at a final dilution of 1:79 000 (18-OH-DOC) and 1:43 000 (18-OH-B); the affinity constants were 1.2 x 10(10) l/mol and 8.1 x 10(9) l/mol, respectively. The radioimmunoassay procedure for 18 OH-B in serum involves purification by paper chromatography. The intra- and interassay precision was 7.3% and 12.3%, respectively. The mean serum 18-OH-B level (+/- S.D.) for normal male and female ambulatory subjects (n = 40) on a normal sodium diet was 0.802 +/- 0.262 nmol/l. After 60 minutes of recumbency, the serum 18-OH-B level was 0.313 +/- 0.061 nmol/l (n = 6) for men. PMID- 7376230 TI - A facile synthesis of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrol. AB - A convenient procedure for the synthesis of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrol via a modified homologation sequence of the intermediate 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-triformyloxy-24-oxo-25-diazo-25-homo-5 beta-cholane involving a homogeneous medium is described. This involves treating the intermediate alpha-diazoketone in methanol with a solution of silver benzoate in triethylamine. Grignard reaction of the resulting triformyloxy methyl homocholate yielded 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrol. Large amounts of this bile alcohol were needed to further investigate the defect of cholic acid biosynthesis in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX). PMID- 7376231 TI - Fertility and family planning in Fiji. PMID- 7376232 TI - The user prespective: an evolutionary step in contraceptive service programs. PMID- 7376233 TI - Implementing the user perspective. PMID- 7376235 TI - Contraceptive efficacy: the significance of method and motivation. AB - The relationship between contraceptive failure and selected characteristics of users is examined using data collected in the 1970 and 1975 rounds of the National Fertility Study. Intention regarding future childbearing and choice of contraceptive method are found to be the most important considerations. Within categories of intention, choice of method appears to have an important influence on differentials by age and other characteristics. The longitudinal aspect of the study design permitted the inclusion in the analyis of certainty of intention, coital frequency, and women's perceptions of their own ability to control fertility. PMID- 7376234 TI - Female circumcision in Egypt: social implications, current research, and prospects for change. PMID- 7376237 TI - Induced abortion in rural villages of Cavite, the Philippines: knowledge, attitudes, and practice. AB - A survey of all married women aged 15-49 was conducted in 1976 in five rural villages in the predominantly Roman Catholic Philippines. Of 676 respondents, 17 percent admitted that they had had at least one induced abortion. Hilots, physicians, and drugstores were the major providers of abortion, and the methods used ranged from oral tablet to herb, injection, D&C, and massage. About 12 percent of respondents were hospitalized with complications from abortion, signifying a serious public health problem. An upward trend of abortion over time was speculated. There was an age differential in reported abortion experience. A large minority was aware of how an abortion could be performed and believed that abortions were easily obtained in their communities. Half the respondents approved of abortion, and 57 percent stated incorrectly that abortion is legal. PMID- 7376236 TI - Attitudinal and nonattitudinal determinants of contraception: a cross-cultural study. AB - Survey data from women in pregnancy risk in Venezuela and Kenya are used to examine the determinants of contraceptive intention, use, and the intention/use consistency. The five ranking determinants of contraceptive use are: intention to contracept, social support, accessibility, conjugal communication, and desire for additional children. All five determinants have direct and additive effects on contraception, but their relative impacts vary significantly between the two cultures. Contraceptive intention and use are highly consistent, while level of consistency varies significantly between the two samples and within each by various combinations of ranking variables and by parity. Major research and policy implications of the results are reviewed. PMID- 7376238 TI - Infant and young child feeding: an analysis of the WHO/UNICEF meeting. PMID- 7376239 TI - Assessment of family planning service delivery in Egypt. AB - The Arab Republic of Egypt has used family planning service delivery as the main vehicle for implementing its national family planning policy since 1965. This paper reports results of a study undertaken during 1975-77 using a systematic sample of 100 health units offering family planning services in two governorates of Egypt. The findings suggest that there is considerable potential for improving the service delivery system through better management. Broadening the choice of technology offered, increasing the quantity and quality of outreach and communication activities for new and continuing contraceptors, and improving staff availability could lead to improvements in national program participation and continuation. PMID- 7376240 TI - Training developing-world personnel in family planning and population: accomplishments and patterns. AB - The characteristics of more than 12,000 persons from developing countries who received training in population and family planning subjects during 1966-78 are reviewed. During these years many changes occurred with regard to trainee origin, professional background, nature and duration of training program attended, and other important characteristics. The observed patterns of trainee characteristics over time suggest the presence of defined stages of manpower training that are largely predictable. These trends suggest an empirical basis for anticipating future training needs and for evaluating training activities. PMID- 7376241 TI - Training auxiliary nurse-midwives to provide IUD services in Turkey and the Philippines. AB - A program for training health personnel for the provision of IUD services has been implemented and evaluated with 14 auxiliary nurse-midwives (ANMs) in Turkey and 13 ANMs in the Philippines. Standardized training materials, including a training manual, checklists for contraindications or complications of IUD use, and patient-management instructions, have been developed. The study suggests that similar training programs should use a reference manual as a focus for didactic training and that the acquisition of skills is best accomplished in small groups of two to three trainees per instructor. Trainees should ideally perform a minimum of 50-60 supervised pelvic examinations and 10-15 supervised IUD insertions. PMID- 7376242 TI - Alloantiserum production simplified by adoptive transfer of immune spleen cells. PMID- 7376243 TI - Suppression of the immune response by steroids. Comparative potency of hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, and dexamethasone. PMID- 7376244 TI - Immunosuppression in bovine trypanosomiasis. The establishment of "memory" in cattle infected with T. congolense and the effect of post infection serum on in vitro (3H)-thymidine uptake by lymphocytes and on leucocyte migration. AB - Cattle infected with Trypanosoma congolense were intravenously immunized with Leptospira biflexa 15 days after trypanosomal infection. The primary immune response to L. biflexa was considerably reduced as compared to uninfected controls. The infected cattle mounted a secondary response when they were cured of trypanosomes by treatment with Berenil 25 days after infection and re immunized 8 days later. The mean secondary response in these previously infected animals was lower tha, but not significantly different from that of the uninfected control animals. Serum collected 15, 20 and 25 days after infection was inhibitory to the migration of both autologous and isologous (control) peripheral blood leucocytes. The migration inhibitory activity was abolished by heating the serum at 56 degrees C for 30 minutes implying the involvement of a heat labile serum component(s). The same serum did not modify the mitogenic effect of PHA on autologous peripheral lymphocytes. PMID- 7376245 TI - Differences in rate of wing fray between Glossina species. AB - Differences exist in the rate of wing fray, as shown by correlation with ovarian age as a time scale, and thus presumably flight activity, for Glossina pallidipes, G. f. fuscipes, G. morsitans, G. tachinoides, G. palpalis s.l. and G. palpalis gambiensis. The wings of females fray more slowly than males for all the above species. Female G. palpalis s.l. in the forest habitat of Ivory Coast seem on this basis to be considerably less active than other flies considered. G. p. gambiensis females are more active in the dry season, than the wet season in Upper Volta, as judged by wing fray and this is the first time a seasonal viration in rate of wing fray has been observed as far as we are aware. PMID- 7376246 TI - Pictorial keys to the main species and species groups within the Simulium damnosum Theobald complex occurring in West Africa (Diptera: Simuliidae). AB - The purpose of this paper is to provide a relatively simple means for recognizing the six main vector species or species groups of the Simulium damnosum Theobald complex that can be distinguished primarily to assist non-specialists, technicians and field personnel who have to handle many specimens in a relatively short period of time. PMID- 7376247 TI - A method for estimating the age of field-collected female Simulium damnosum s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae). AB - A technique was developed for estimating the relative age of field-collected females of the Simulium damnosum complex. Females were allowed the opportunity to blood-feed while attacking and held 48 hours to permit partial maturation of the ovaries. The ovaries were then dissected out and the number of maturing oocytes was counted. Nullipars were easily identified by their lack of follicular relics. The remaining parous females generally fell into one of four groups depending on their egg counts. Wihout a laboratory colony for specific reference it is presently impossible to confirm that the fecundity groups represent successive gonotrophic cycles. Nevertheless, there is little doubt that the data demonstrate a decreasing level of fecundity in flies of advancing age thus allowing direct comparisons to be made between different populations. The epidemiological significance of this is discussed. PMID- 7376249 TI - Scanning electron microscope study of infective filaria larvae of type D and Onchocerca volvulus. PMID- 7376248 TI - [Species characterization of the lung fluke Paragonimus ecuadoriensis by isoenzyme -electrophoresis (author's transl)]. AB - Whole body lysates of 35 adult lung flukes (25 Paragonimus ecuadoriensis, 2 P. africanus, 8 P. uterobilateralis) were electrophorized on thin-layer starch gel. Specific staining was performed for the isoenzymes of the following three enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), peptidase 1 (PEP) and malate dehydrogenase (ME) (decarboxylating) (NADP). Two enzymes showed polymorphism and proved to be useful for intra- and interspecific comparison. The individuals of P. ecuadoriensis showed homogeneity and differed remarkably from two other Paragonimus species examined as controls. PMID- 7376251 TI - Observations on Onchocerca volvulus in experimentally infected chimpanzees. AB - The paper describes observations made on 32 chimpanzees experimentally infected with Onchocerca volvulus. The mean pre-patent intervals for the Cameroon forest and the Guatemalan strains of O. volvulus were 13-16 months and 12-15 months respectively. That for the Cameroon Sudan-savanna strain was much longer, i.e. 22 23 months. The numbers of microfilariae found in the skins of animals infected with the Cameroon Sudan-savanna strain were also much lower than in animals infected with the other two strains. Long-term observations on infected animals showed that microfilarial infections had virtually died out 6.5-9 years after the last inoculation with infective larvae. Those animals which were inoculated with infective larvae in the head or above the waist tended to show a higher proportion of microfilariae in the upper parts of the body, than did those inoculated with infective larvae below the waist. In animals which showed adult worm-bundles on only one side of the body, the concentration of microfilariae was usually greater on that side of the body. Worm-bundles in the chimpanzee varied in size from 8 x 5 x 2 mm to 4 x 3 x 2 cm. Out of 47 worm-bundles found, only two were subcutaneous. The remainder lay deep in the tissues, most commonly adjacent to the posterior surface of the capsule of the hip joint. No onchocerciasis eye lesions were seen in any of the infected animals. PMID- 7376250 TI - Investigations on female Onchocerca volvulus for the evaluation of drug trials. AB - Females of O. volvulus show several typical morphological alterations during their ontogenesis. In order not to attribute such natural findings to the efficacy of drugs in drug trials female worms isolated from untreated patients in Liberia and Togo were examined by light microscopy. Local incrustations could be found regularly on the surface of the female parasite. Different inclusions are described which could often be found. They partially lead to degeneration and calcification. For the evaluation of ovocidal or embryocidal efficacy of drugs the developmental stages of 290 untreated female worms were quantitatively assessed, normal and pathologically altered forms were distinguished. Embryos were obviously not produced continuously but in intervalls of unknown length and frequency. Two third of the females contained embryos and microfilariae, one third showed eggs only or had empty uteri. The number of the developmental stages per female varied considerably. On the average more than 200,000 stages per female were found. PMID- 7376253 TI - The 'in vitro' effect of diethylcarbamazine on the motility and survival of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae. PMID- 7376252 TI - Onchocerca volvulus: effect of suramin on lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase. AB - Lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenases were partially purified and characterized from adult O. volvulus. The molecular weight of lactate dehydrogenase was determined to be 130 000, those of malate dehydrogenase I and II to be 120 000 and 65 000, respectively. The activities of both malate dehydrogenases and of the lactate dehydrogenase were strongly inhibited by suramin. The inhibition constants were determined to be in the range of 2 microM to 5 microM. The type of inhibition was found to be competitive with respect to the coenzyme NADH and to be non-competitive to the substrates. It is suggested that the mode of action of suramin in the therapy of Onchocerciasis might depend on the blokkade of reoxidation of NADH produced within the glycolytic pathway. PMID- 7376254 TI - The prevalence of onchocerciasis in Togo. AB - From largely unpublished sources the results of surveys on onchocerciasis have been compiled for 164 villages in 17 of the 19 counties of Togo. 34449 persons i.e. 1.8% of the total population were seen. A map based on these data shows the distribution of the disease in Togo. PMID- 7376255 TI - Observations on Onchocerca gibsoni and nodule development in naturally-infected cattle in Australia. AB - O. gibsoni worms were extracted from 185 nodules of a total of 370 worm nodules collected from 94 naturally infected cattle at Townsville, Australia. 183 of the 185 nodules contained a single female worm, 60% of them contained a single male worm and 7% contained two male worms. Nodules containing males alone were not found. Small nodules (less than 0.2 g) contained immature female worms without microfilariae and no males. As nodule size and female worm size increased, the number of female worms with microfilariae and the number of nodules with males increased reaching almost 100% in nodules weighing greater than 3.0 g. It is suggested that female worms normally become encapsulated when young, grow within the nodule and tht the male enters the nodule later, fertilises the female and remains in the nodule. PMID- 7376259 TI - Experimental bovine trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma vivax and T. congolense). II. Serum levels of total protein, albumin, hemolytic complement, and complement component C3. AB - Serum levels of total protein, albumin, activity of hemolytic complement, and complement component C3 were decreased in cattle infected with either T. congolense or T. vivax. The hemolytic complement activity was reduced most, i.e. to 20% (T. congolense) or 5% (T. vivax) of control levels. The development of hypocomplementemia was closely associated with the first peak of parasitemia. PMID- 7376256 TI - Experimental infection of laboratory rodents and calves with microfilariae of Onchocerca gibsoni. AB - Uterine microfilariae of Onchocerca gibsoni migrated to skin of all parts of the body when inoculated into rats and mice. Higher microfilarial densities were obtained in the skin of mice compared with rats. In guinea pigs very few microfilariae migrated to the skin and densities of microfilariae were very low. Densities of skin microfilariae were lower in rats when inoculated intraperitoneally compared with inoculation by 2 subcutaneous routes. In the latter case, higher densities of microfilariae were obtained in areas of skin closer to the injection sites. Persistence of microfilariae in the skin of rats was variable but only low numbers were recovered between 21 and 70 days after infection. Microfilariae also migrated to the skin in calves experimentally infected by subcutaneous injection into the dewlap. Microfilaria were recovered consistently and in high numbers from skin snips along the ventral midline. Small numbers of microfilariae were occasionally found in skin snips from the dorsal midline. PMID- 7376257 TI - Intestinal parasitoses in eight Liberian settlements: prevalences and community anthelminthic chemotherapy. PMID- 7376258 TI - Serum and urinary amino acid pattern in schistosomal infection among Egyptians. AB - The amino acid pattern in plasma and urine of Bilharzial Egyptian patients with different degrees of complications was investigated. The results obtained showed that in mansoniasis, accumulation of amino acids in the circulation is due to derangement in liver function which retards the utilization of amino acids in protein synthesis particularly in the advanced stage of the disease. This is also in part due to liver cell degeneration which parallel the severity of the infection. Aminoaciduria in haematobiasis is partly an overflow type, while in severe cases urinary tract tissue degeneration may be a participating factor. Aminoaciduria in haematobiasis is due to haematuria and urinary tract tissue degeneration. PMID- 7376262 TI - The lipoma of tuber cinereum. AB - Two cases of lipoma of the tuber cinereum, unexpectedly discovered in the course of autopsy examination, are reported. Each case was thoroughly investigated by serial sectioning of both the diencephalic floor and the tumor. Some peculiar findings observed and a complete survey of the literature revealed that such a growth may be considered an incomplete benign mesenchymoma, i.e., a mixed tumor of mesenchymal derivates, according to Stout (14). The error in development, consisting in the inclusion of embryonal germs of primitive meninx into the nervous system, may occur early during the third month of intrauterine life, at the time of the formation of the primitive septa. PMID- 7376260 TI - Non-specifically bound immunoglobulins on mouse placental cells. AB - There seem to be some similarities between mechanisms employed by embryos and cancer cells from the maternal or tumor bearer's immune system. In the present study, we investigated the presence of hemagglutinins on placental cells and their relationship to circulating antibodies in mice immunized against sheep erythrocytes before mating. The results obtained demonstrated that placental cells may fix large quantities of maternal immunoglobulins. The hemagglutinins are probably fixed on placental cells by the Fc, since the combining sites of the antibody were free and able to react with the antigen in the "rosette" test. It was also demonstrated that placental tissue may fix up to 1/4 of the maternal circulating antibodies, while only 1/200 of them were transmitted to the fetuses. Some theoretical implications of the presence in the placenta of antibodies not directed against feto-placental antigens are also discussed. PMID- 7376261 TI - Report on 42 cases of postirradiation lesions of the brachial plexus and their treatment. AB - Here we report 42 cases of postirradiation lesions of the brachial nerve plexus in patients treated with radiotherapy after radical mastectomy. These lesions usually appeared at least 1 year after treatment, and motorial disturbances always developed, even if initially they may have been absent. A comparison of the case material indicates that a reduction in the dose administered to the supraclavicular region and exclusion of the axillary region from the treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of these lesions. In fact, in a group of 490 patients treated by the old radiotherapy method at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan (i.e., administration of 6000 rad to the brachial nerve plexus), 16 cases of lesions at this plexus were observed. In a group of 200 patients treated instead with a new method (i.e., administration of 4900 rad to the brachial nerve plexus and exclusion of the axillary region), no nerve lesions were observed, with significance levels, according to Fisher's test, less than 0.9%. Since radiolesions at the brachial nerve plexus have a very bad prognosis with regard to functioning of the limb and physiotherapy is of little help, this new therapeutic method is very useful, and it is not accompanied by an increase in the number of local recurrences as compared to the old method. PMID- 7376263 TI - Comparison of the natural humoral antitumor reactivity of different strains of mice. AB - Normal serum from C3Hf mice showed a complement-dependent cytotoxic reactivity against EL4 lymphoma cells, starting from 2 to 3 months of age, whereas normal serum from BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice became reactive only at a later age. The cytotoxins of normal sera of the 3 strains, as well as of a C57BL antiembryo antiserum studied in parallel, belong to the IgM class. When absorption were performed, using a variety of absorbing cells, marked differences were found among the sera, which according to their behavior could be divided in two groups: one group comprises the BALB/c and the C57BL sera, the other group the C3Hf serum from both young and old mice and the antiembryo antiserum. The reactivity of the 3 latter sera seems to be directed against specifities related to an ecotropic N tropic virus, which on the contrary did not seem to be involved in the reactivity of BALB/c and C57BL sera. The C57BL antiembryo antiserum obtained by immunization with C3Hf embryos behaved differently from the C57BL normal serum and similarly to the C3Hf normal serum. PMID- 7376264 TI - Modification of the hexokinase activity in the red blood cells of subjects with differentiated adenocarcinoma. AB - In the present work we found a significant increase of erythrocyte HK activity in subjects suffering from differentiated adenocarcinoma. Some erythrocyte enzymatic activities (such as HK, PK, G-6-PD, 6-PGD, PHI and GR) in the red blood cells of 96 subjects, of which 55 were healthy or with noncancerous pathology and 41 had malignant tumors, are considered. Evident modification was shown only for the HK, which together with PFK and PK are limiting steps of glycolysis. PMID- 7376266 TI - The diagnostic efficacy of mammography and palpation in early detection of breast cancer. AB - The diagnostic efficacy of mammography and physical examination, separately and considered together, are evaluated in 912 cases of breast cancer detected at the Center for Social Diseases of the Florence District, where there is a mass screening program (110 cases) and a diagnostic service for self-referred women (810 cases). The overall sensitivity of the 2 methods increases with age; the trends of diagnostic efficacies of mammography and palpation according to age are similar, except in the 40-44 year age group, in which physical examination has a lower percentage of false-negative cases. In the screening group, there is a greater proportion of nonpalpable cancers and mammography has a larger diagnostic efficacy except in the 40-44 year age group. These results agree with the better sensitivity of mammography in smaller lesion (TI) and with the larger proportion of noninterpretable mammographies in younger women, because of the density of mammalian glands. PMID- 7376265 TI - [Oncology outpatient clinic in a general hospital]. AB - From January 1975 to June 1979 3,007 new patients have been followed in the Out patient Clinic of the Division of Radiotherapy and Medical Oncology of the Ospedale Civile, Pordenone. A progressive increase in the number of patients and the validity of follow-up care has been demonstrated. Patients still encounter considerable logistic difficulties, which could be reduced by programming diagnostic procedures the same day of therapy. The organization of a drug service in the Out-patient Clinic, a more active collaboration with the sanitary units working outside the Hospital, and an adequate psychological assistance could solve many of the problems which are superimposed on the direct effects of the disease. PMID- 7376267 TI - [Ontogenic changes of fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters in pig tissues]. AB - The fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters was studied in the liver, lungs and adrenal tissue from 110-day foetus, 1-day, 3-month old piglets and adult pigs. In the tissues from foetus and newborn piglets a relative amount of linoleic acid of cholesterol esters is lower and that of arachidonic acid is higher, than in cholesterol esters of piglets and adult pig tissues. The quantity of linoleic acid of cholesterol esters in pig tissues in early postnatal ontogenesis increases. A decrease is observed for a relative amount of stearic, oleic and palmitoeleic acids in the cholesterol esters of the liver tissues and for that of arachidonic acid--in the lung tissues. In the adrenal tissue the quantity of arachidonic acid decreases and that of oleic and eicosotrienic acids rises. PMID- 7376268 TI - [Biochemical aspects of thiamine transport]. AB - The paper deals with the modern ideas concerning pathways and mechanisms of thiamine and its phosphorylated derivatives transport in the animal cells. The data are analyzed on thiamine and its derivatives resorption by the intestnal wall, their transportation by blood and lymph and also their penetration into cells and subcellular structures. A conclusion is made that these processes occur by mechanism of active and passive transportation and simple diffusion. Realization of one or another mechanism status of the object under study. PMID- 7376271 TI - [Protein spectrum of rumen mucosa nuclear and mitochondrial fractions]. AB - Using disc- and immunoelectrophoresis the protein spectrum of nuclear and mitochondrial fractions of the rumen mucosa and liver tissue was studied in growing bull calves feeding them various forms of the carbamide concentrate. The rumen mucosa nuclear fraction contains a less amount of water-soluble proteins but a greater amount of membrane proteins than the liver. In the rumen mucosa mitochondrial fraction the content of soluble and membrane proteins is considerably lower than in the liver. Soluble nuclear proteins of the rumen mucosa are more heterogeneous than those of the liver. No postablumins were revealed by disc-electrophoresis in the liver nuclei. Specific immunoglobulins were identified in the mucosa nuclear fraction by immunoelectrophoresis. The rumen mucosa mitochondrial fraction is characterized by the absence of postalbumins and transferrins in disc-electrophoregram. This post-transferrins of this tissue are shown to belong to specific immunoglobulins. Heterogeneity of albumin in the studied rumen mucosa subfractions is established. The extruded carbamide concentrate increases the content of membrane proteins in the nuclear and mitochondria fractions of bull calf rumen mucosa and changes the spectrum of soluble proteins of these subfractions. PMID- 7376270 TI - [Effect of muscular training on the adrenergic hormone content of rat tissues in experimental diabetes]. PMID- 7376269 TI - [Effect of cooling on tissue capacity for catecholamine trapping]. AB - The paper deals with capacity of tissues of the bull and rat auricle and of the rat deferent duct for trapping L-[3H] noradrenaline and [3H] adrenaline under different conditions of cooling. It is established that at the preliminary incubation temperature of 20 degrees C the intensity of tissues trapping both the hormone and mediator is essentially decreased and [3H] noradrenaline does not inhibit the adrenaline trapping. When the bull auricle tissue is cooled down to 4 and 0 degrees C its capacity for the [3H]-noradrenaline trapping is restored. The rat deferent duct tissue recover its capacity to the [3H] adrenaline trapping after cooling down to 0 degrees C. Freezing down to -20 and 196 degrees C has a pronounced inhibitory effect on the [3H] adrenaline and [3H] noradrenaline trapping by all the tissues under study. Possible thermodependence mechanisms of the adrenergic mediator-hormones trapping are explained. PMID- 7376272 TI - [Content of estrogenic hormone in chicken blood serum during laying]. AB - The fluorescent method is developed for determining the estradiol and estrone contents. The method includes their extraction by organic solvents, aluminium oxide chromatography, fluorescence registration by a special installation. The method is used to determine the content and ratio of estrogenic hormones in the chicken blood serum during laying. A dependence is established between the level and ratio of estrogenic hormones in the chicken blood and the functional activity of the reproductive organs. The dependence shows that in the period of the oviduct growth and development as well as during molting estradiol prevails in the chicken blood, and in the period of intensive laying estrone is predominant, which stimulates the synthesis of the egg ovogenic products. PMID- 7376274 TI - [Effect of additional administration of essential amino acids on assimilability of casein hydrolysate in rats with toxic hepatitis]. AB - The effect of certain amino acids on assimilability of casein hydrolysate was studied in albino rats with toxic hepatitis. It is established that in case of this pathology casein hydrolysate is uncapable of correcting completely the disturbed protein and nucleic metabolism. An additional administration under these conditions of amino acids, methionine in particular, changes the negative nitrogeneous balance to the positive one, that evidences for an increase in assimilability of the introduced casein hydrolysate, lowers the excretion of amino nitorgen with urea and rises the DNA content in the liver tissue. Triptophan and lysine favour an increase in the protein content in the nuclei and mitochondria of hepatocytes. PMID- 7376273 TI - [Corticosteroid hormone effect on oxygen consumption of rat brain and hippocampus mitochondria and homogenates]. AB - It is shown that addition of desoxycorticosterone to the incubation medium in a concentration of 10(-4) g/ml produces a 65-70% inhibition in the respiration rate of cerebral mitochondria in the medium with piruvate both before addition of ADP (V0) and after this addition (VADP). Corticosteron and hydrocortisone in this concentration affect insignificantly V0 but inhibit noticeably VADP, decrease the respiratory control (RC) and prolong the time of phosphorylation. When using succinate as a substrate the effect of hormones is much less pronounced. The effect of corticosteroids on the studied indices is manifested when adding them to homogenates of cortex and hippocamp as well. Corticosterone added in doses of 10(-5) and 10(-6) g/ml significantly decreases VADP and RC in the hippocamp homogenates and has no effect in these concentrations on the respiration rate of cerebral homogenates, which may evidence for a higher sensitivity of the hippocamp tissue to corticosteroid hormones. PMID- 7376275 TI - [Lipid peroxidation and state of certain components of anti-oxidant system in the liver of animals with burns]. AB - The burn disease increases the intensity of lipid peroxidation in the guinea pigs plasma and liver. Under these conditions in the liver the content of ascorbic acid lowers and a high level of reduced glutathione is maintained due to an increase in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Disproteinemia is observed in plasma. Administration of alpha-tocopherol and sodium selenite to animals with the burn disease inhibits lipids peroxidation, favours the retaining of the ascorbic acid content in the liver tissue, prevents a compensatory increase in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and a rise in the level of reduced glutathione. It also weakens disproteinemia in plasma. PMID- 7376277 TI - [Effect of diethylstilbestrol on conformation of the hemoglobin molecule]. AB - The paper deals with the results obtained while measuring the surface presssure of hemoglobin monolayers containing diethylstilbestrol. It is shown that insignificant additions of diethylstilbestrol change the shape of the surface hemoglobin pressure isoterm. The addition of diethylstilbestrol to hemoglobin causes a considerable increase in the limiting value of the area corresponding to the substance mass unit in the monolayer. The time passed from the moment of components mixing till deposing the substance upon the interphase affects the value of the area. PMID- 7376276 TI - [Isoelectric focusing in pH stable gradient of secretory immunoglobulin A of rabbits]. AB - Rabbit secretory immunoglobulin A was focused in the ampholine system (pH 3-10, 4 6). The focusing of a 25-30 mg sample in the medium with a low ionic strength is accompanied by an intensive precipitation of immunoglobulin A at isopoints. The immunoglobulin A-ampholine complex is formed, protein molecules acquire a negative charge and migrate to the anode. The focusing of 10-15 mg protein in the medium with 2.10(-3) NaCl stabilizes the protein under study at isopoints. The immunoglobulin distributes in a zone of the isoelectric spectrum of pH 15-4.30 units with total pI 4.75. PMID- 7376278 TI - [Influence of manganese on the level of glycogen and its fractions in organism tissues]. AB - Changes in the level of total glycogen and its fractions in the organism tissues were studied under conditions of injecting different doses of manganese into intact rabbits. It is established that the trace element doses of 0.6 and 3 mg per 1 kg of the weight cause a significant increase in the total glycogen quantity in the liver, mainly due to its free and protein-bound forms. Higher doses of manganese (6 mg/kg) produce an opposite effect. In the cerebral tissues the level increase of total glycogen and in most cases of its fractions occurs under the influence of the trace element in doses of 0.1-6 mg/kg. In the myocardium tissue manganese did not cause any significant changes in the glycogen level. It is supposed that manganese participates in the processes of glycogene metabolism in the organism. PMID- 7376279 TI - [Aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase activity in rabbit liver tissue during ontogenesis]. AB - It is established that only the tryptophanyl-tRNA-synthetase activity out of six studied aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases remain unchanged in the liver of rabbits of various age groups. Alanyl-, glycyl-glutamyl-, leucyl- and phenyl alanyl-tRNA synthetase activity increases with age; dynamics and values of the found changes are different for the mentioned enzymes. PMID- 7376280 TI - [Effect of SH-reagents and thiol compounds on aminopeptidase from Aspergillus oryzae]. AB - It is shown that iodacetate and iodacetamide produce an insignificant inhibition of the Asp. oryzae aminopeptidase activity, para-chloromercuribenzoate is a stronger inhibitor. Dithiotreitol, beta-mercaptoethanol, reduced glutathione also cause a considerable loss in the enzyme activity. The inhibitory effect is intensified with a combined action of para-chloromercuribenzoate and EDTA. The studies of para-chloromercuribenzoate, iodacetate and iodacetamide effect on the activation of aminopeptidase apoenzyme by cobalt ions showed that the enzyme activity recovery is insignificant. It may be supposed that the enzyme thiol groups are bound with the metal ions necessary for the catalytic activity. PMID- 7376282 TI - A pvdf membrane hydrophone for operation in the range 0.5 Mhz to 15 Mhz. AB - A new form of hydrophone for measuring the spatial and temporal distributions of pressure within the fields from medical ultrasonic equipment is described. The device comprises an acoustically transparent plastic membrane with a small, central region activated to provide a freely-suspended piezoelectric element. This form of detector offers several advantages over conventional hydrophone probes employing ceramic elements, in particular a flat frequency response. The performance characteristics of a prototype membrane hydrophone and some possible developments and applications are described. PMID- 7376281 TI - [Lipids bound with blood plasma proteins in normal state and in experimental rachitis]. AB - The lipid composition of transport and specific proteins was studied in normal state and with experimental rachitis. The amount of phospholipids in blood plasma proteins control animals is established to decrease as follows: albumins, immunoglobulins, alpha, beta-globulins, fibrinogen. The bulk of cholesterol and its ethers, lanosterol and squalenepare bound with albumins and alpha-, beta globulins. With D-hydrovitaminosis in albumin and alpha-, beta-globulin fractions, the content of phospholipids, cholesterol, lanosterol and squalene in comparison with fibrinogen lowers considerably. An increase in the content of etherified cholesterol is characteristic of all protein fractions under conditions of this pathology. The value of the cholesterol: phospholipids molar ration with D-hypovitaminosis decreases for albumins and alpha-, beta-globulins and increases for immunoglobulins and fibrinogen. As compared to other proteins of blood plasma, with D-hypovitaminosis immunoglobulins are mostly enriched with lipids. PMID- 7376284 TI - Calendar. Ultrasonic meetings, conferences, congresses, symposia. PMID- 7376285 TI - [Rape, rapists and the victims of rape in the Montreal judicial district]. PMID- 7376283 TI - The use of thermistor probes to measure energy distribution in ultrasound fields. AB - The use of small thermistors coated with absorbing material for the measurement of ultrasound fields is discussed. Equilibrium temperature rise gives a rough measure of intensity, but is affected by convective cooling due to streaming. The initial rate of temperature rise provides an accurate parameter for use in assessing energy density in all types of ultrasound field. Measurements made in standing wave fields show that the thermistor response is related to the pressure component of the sound wave, and is determined by absorption throughout the coating material. PMID- 7376286 TI - [Extrinsic allergic alveolitis. General review]. PMID- 7376287 TI - [Current assessment of electroshock]. PMID- 7376288 TI - [Doppler ultrasonic semeiology of phlebitis of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7376289 TI - [Occupational health in the printing industry]. PMID- 7376291 TI - [Morphology and the level of health. Analysis of 2 groups of Quebec workers]. PMID- 7376292 TI - [Prescription drugs and the aged: cost-free and cost-containment measures]. PMID- 7376293 TI - [Hospital needs related to the aging of the Quebec population]. PMID- 7376290 TI - [Adrenal aldosterone-producing adenoma: a diagnostic approach]. PMID- 7376295 TI - [The diagnostic radiology program at the University of Montreal]. PMID- 7376297 TI - [Reintervention after ureteroneocystostomy with special attention to replacement of ureter by an ileal loop (author's transl)]. AB - After unsuccessful primary 'simple' ureteroneocystostomy using the methods of Frisch-Boeminghaus, Rohl-Ziegler, and Politano-Leadbetter, a second surgical intervention often can be performed after the methods of Boari and Kuss. After unsuccessful primary 'combined' ureteroneocystostomy (Boari-Kuss), a further ureter reimplantation mostly is not possible. In specially selected cases of unsuccessful ureterovesicoplasty we used an ileal loop as ureteral replacement. Our control period in 8 (14) patients is now up to 15 years. Long-term controls have shown in most patients a change to better renal function. The most important facts are the preoperative renal reserve and the original disease. After replacement of the ureter by an ileal loop a regular short-term control of urinary infection, blood urea and electrolyte balance is unavoidable. PMID- 7376294 TI - [Acute ethyl alcohol poisoning in a child: apropos of a fatal case]. PMID- 7376296 TI - The effect of in situ isolated perfusion of experimental renal tumors with cytotoxic agents in high concentration. AB - In animal experiments the possibility of increasing the dosage of anticancer drugs by isolated in situ tumor perfusion without incurring systemic toxicity was studied. Isolated perfusion of normal kidneys with tris-ethylenimino-benzochinon (triaziquon, Trenimon) and amethopterin (Methotrexate) demonstrated that the kidney tolerates far higher antitumor drug concentrations than are achieved by systemic anticancer chemotherapy. Renal function, which was evaluated before and after cytotoxic perfusion by means of renal functional scintigraphy, decreased by less than 15%. Each kidney was examined histologically after perfusion. Isolated cytotoxic perfusion of renal tumors (Walker carcinosarcoma 256) using the combination of Trenimon (0.034 microgram/ml) and Methotrexate (0.034 mg/ml) led to complete tumor regression. Tumor perfusion without cytotoxic agents and systemic intravenous administration of the LD50 of the anticancer drugs did not achieve tumor control. PMID- 7376298 TI - Symposium on office urology. PMID- 7376300 TI - Genital dermatology. PMID- 7376299 TI - Office evaluation of the infertile couple. PMID- 7376301 TI - Medicolegal aspects of urology. PMID- 7376302 TI - Vasovasotomy. PMID- 7376303 TI - Drug therapy for lower urinary tract dysfunction. PMID- 7376304 TI - Care of the catheter-dependent patient. PMID- 7376305 TI - Urinary stone formation patient evaluation and management. PMID- 7376307 TI - Vasectomy--1980. PMID- 7376306 TI - The female urethral syndrome? PMID- 7376308 TI - [Method and effectiveness of myringotympanoplasty in dry perforative otitis media]. PMID- 7376310 TI - [Chronic tonsillitis and schizophrenia]. PMID- 7376309 TI - [Infectious foci of the upper respiratory tracts and acute bronchopneumonia in children]. PMID- 7376311 TI - [Foreign bodies of the respiratory tracts in children according to 26 years of clinical data]. PMID- 7376312 TI - [Taste studied by electrogustometry in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 7376313 TI - [Tasks of the journal, Vestnik otorinolaringologii, in light of the decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU on "The Further Improvement in Ideological and Political Education Work"]. PMID- 7376314 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of gamma and electron therapy of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 7376315 TI - [Acute laryngitis and laryngotracheitis in patients who have undergone laryngeal resection for cancer]. PMID- 7376317 TI - [Therapeutic procedure in closed and open acute injuries to the larynx and trachea]. PMID- 7376316 TI - [Significance of a disturbance of the motility of the mucosal ciliated epithelium of the airways in the pathogenesis of dust diseases of the respiratory organs (experimental study data)]. PMID- 7376318 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic probing of the frontal sinus]. PMID- 7376319 TI - [Characteristics of the ototoxic action of aminoglycoside and peptide antibiotics on tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 7376320 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of herpes zoster oticus]. PMID- 7376322 TI - [Hemangiopericytoma of the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus]. PMID- 7376321 TI - [Clear-cell adenoma of the larynx]. PMID- 7376323 TI - [Lupus tuberculosis of the upper respiratory tracts]. PMID- 7376324 TI - [Rare case of chondroma of the larynx]. PMID- 7376325 TI - [Emphysema of the parotid region resulting from fibrous osteodysplasia of the temporal bone]. PMID- 7376326 TI - [Mucocele of the left frontal and ethmoid sinuses in a 6-year-old boy]. PMID- 7376327 TI - [Large cholesteatoma of the antrum with spread into the attic with an intact tympanic membrane]. PMID- 7376330 TI - [Treatment of hemangiomas in children]. PMID- 7376329 TI - [Use of a biological glue in tympanoplasty]. PMID- 7376331 TI - [Congenital esophagotracheal fistula]. PMID- 7376332 TI - [State of homeostasis in prolonged decompression of the gastrointestinal tract in peritonitis patients]. AB - The state of homeostasis was investigated in 31 patients having peritonitis with decompression of the gastrointestinal tract and 35 patients with peritonitis who were not subjected to intubation. The authors believe that continuous intubation of the gastro-intestinal tract contributes to normalization of homeostasis in patients with peritonitis. PMID- 7376328 TI - [Case of a prolonged presence of a foreign body in the infratemporal fossa]. PMID- 7376333 TI - [Use of prolonged peridural anesthesia with middle-aged and elderly patients during osteosynthesis of the femoral neck]. AB - The use of continuous peridural anesthesia (CPA) with catheterization of the peridural space in the lumbar area is an effective method of anesthesia in aged and senile patients both during the operation and in the postoperative period. The authors consider CPA a method of choice in osteosynthesis of the femur neck in aged and senile patients. PMID- 7376334 TI - [Correction of the blood coagulation mechanism in the surgical treatment of mechanical jaundice]. AB - Under study were the indices of hemocoagulation, fibrinolysis and indices of the venous blood clot in 30 cholelithic patients without jaundice and in 51 patients with mechanical jaundice before surgery and in the dynamics of the surgical treatment. Recommendations are given for the correction of the hemocoagulation mechanism during the surgical treatment in patients with mechanical jaundice. PMID- 7376336 TI - [Sepsis as a complication of catheterization of the large veins]. AB - Ten cases of "catheterization" sepsis are described which were observed during 8 years. The complication developed after catheterization of the femur vein (4 cases) and the subclavian vein (6 cases). Six patients died. The main prophylactic measures are limitation of indications for continuous catheterization of large veins and strict observation of aseptic and antiseptic rules while inserting the catheters, their subsequent care and performing infusions. PMID- 7376335 TI - [Classification of pelvic injuries in the region of the cotyloid cavity and diagnostic and treatment errors]. PMID- 7376337 TI - [Use of a fibrous soluble collagen preparation in treating trophic ulcers of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7376339 TI - [Work results of the Editorial Board of the journal, Vestnik khirurgii im. I. I. Grekova, for 1979 and its publishing prospects for 1980]. PMID- 7376338 TI - [Prevention of the seal failure of a venous catheter]. PMID- 7376340 TI - [Combined operations for cancer of the proximal portion and body of the stomach]. AB - For many years the authors have been using the upper transverse extensive laparotomy in operations for carcinoma of the proximal part and body of the stomach. 201 radical operations have been performed, 89 of them being of a combined type. In carcinoma of the proximal part and body of the stomach the combined operations total 44,2%, in almost half of the patients the pancreas being resected. The five-year survival of the observed patients made up 21,9%. The combined operations were performed on 8 patients with the IV stage of gastric carcinoma. Four of them survived for more than a year, two for more than three years and two are still alive (over 12 years). PMID- 7376341 TI - [Potentials of radioisotopic study methods in determining the degree of spread of stomach cancer]. PMID- 7376342 TI - [Duodenal evacuatory motor disorders in patients with a resected stomach]. AB - The motor-evacuation disorders in the duodenum after resection of the stomach represent one of the main causes of unsatisfactory results of the operation. These disorders have distinct clinical manifestations and all of them result from stasis of the duodenum content. The main cause of duodenostasis is a mechanical obstacle. Reconstructive operations undertaken to restore the duodenal passage and to liquidate all mechanical obstacles give good results. PMID- 7376343 TI - [Evacuatory motor function of the gastric stump in postgastric resection syndromes]. PMID- 7376344 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of reflux ileitis]. PMID- 7376345 TI - [Pathogenesis of postoperative complications of paraproctitis and measures for their prevention]. AB - The inflammation of Morgagni crypts in the anal canal plays a great part in pathogenesis of acute paraproctitis and anal fistula. Such inflammation is often of diffuse character and in 18--19% of cases results in postoperative complications--acute and chronic cryptitis and subcutaneous microabscesses. Sanitation of Morgagni crypts (cryptotomy and cryptectomy) during radical operations for paraproctitis decreases the number of local postoperative complications and may be considered as one of the prophylactic measures against recurrent abscesses or anal fistulas. PMID- 7376346 TI - [Unresolved problems of the medical rehabilitation of arteriosclerosis obliterans patients]. AB - Remote results of the treatment of 51 patients of creative age are followed. Of 47 patients alive till the end of the observation period, blood circulation was compensated in 41 patients. Complete rehabilitation was obtained in 51,1% of the patients and partial rehabilitation--in 14,9%. The criteria of estimation of the working capacity of the patients are presented. PMID- 7376347 TI - [Surgical treatment of a disseminated form of chronic suppurative hidradenitis]. AB - The article presents results of the examination and surgical treatment of 80 patients with a widespread form of chronic purulent hidradenitis. Duration of the disease varied from 5 till 20 years and longer. Ninety six operations were performed with the following closure of the wound defect with a skin graft. Recovery was noted in 65 patients, 12 patients disappeared from observation, 3 patients died (amyloidosis, blastomatous transformation, embolism of the pulmonary artery). PMID- 7376348 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of Tietze's syndrome in athletes]. PMID- 7376349 TI - [Pseudoaneurysms at the site of anastomoses with synthetic prostheses]. PMID- 7376350 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of digestive tract obstruction using fiberscopes]. AB - The authors propose indications and contraindications for endoscopy performed in 216 patients. The endoscopic picture of the most frequent causes of obstruction is given. In 113 patients endoscopy of the digestive tract was fulfilled also with curative aims, in 48 patients the phenomena of acute obstruction were resolved or considerably abated. This permitted performing the necessary operations in the planned order. PMID- 7376351 TI - [Long-existing esophageal-pleural fistula]. PMID- 7376352 TI - [Duplication of the vermiform appendix]. PMID- 7376353 TI - [Successful cholecystectomy in a 98-year-old female patient]. PMID- 7376354 TI - [State of the growth zone after distraction epiphysiolysis]. PMID- 7376355 TI - [Treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia in children]. AB - Semisynthetic antibiotics combined with heparin and proteolysis inhibitors were used for the complex treatment of 110 children with staphylococcal destruction of lungs. Eleven children died. No heparin and inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes were used in the treatment of 158 children. Of this group 25 children died. PMID- 7376356 TI - [Surgery of chronic noncalculous cholecystitis in children]. AB - The significance of the anomalous development and acute inflammation of the bile cyst for the appearance of chronic acalculous cholecystitis in children is shown on the basis of results of complex investigations. Restoration of the bile cyst functions is shown to be possible in case of an isolated injury of the neck-duct zone by dissection of the injured tissues and cholecystocholedochostomy. The surgical treatment of chronic acalculous cholecystitis with a deformity of excretory portions of the bile cyst in children is stressed to be necessary. PMID- 7376358 TI - [Spontaneous disappearance of true capillary hemangiomas of the integument in children]. AB - Within the period from 1958 till 1964 the author began observing children having 2292 true capillary cutaneous hemangiomas. During the observation period 2110 hemangiomas disappeared spontaneously with a satisfactory cosmetic result. The authors believe that the size, shape, localisation of hemangiomas and the child's age should be taken into account when giving indications for ablation or other treatment of hemangiomas. PMID- 7376357 TI - [Hemosorption method in the therapy of liver insufficiency]. AB - The authors discuss the experience of using the spheric carbon hemosorbent for extracorporal hemoperfusion of blood in 12 patients with hepatic insufficiency developed against the background of obturation of the common bile duct by a stone or tumor. Positive clinical effects of hemosorption are shown. The method is recommended for the treatment of patients with hepatic insufficiency. PMID- 7376359 TI - [Pancreatic necrosis in a 5-year-old child]. PMID- 7376360 TI - [Surgical treatment of penetrating chest wounds with injuries to the internal thoracic and intercostal arteries]. AB - Injuries of the internal thoracic and intercostal arteries are observed rather frequently in penetrating wounds of the thorax. In intrapleural hemorrhage the only correct tactics is the urgent surgical intervention. Its efficiency is dependent on the terms of admittance of the patient to a specialized clinic, preparedness of different services (reanimation, x-ray analysis, operation room) for urgent help, on qualification of surgeons and careful management during the postoperative period. PMID- 7376361 TI - [Analysis of the errors in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis]. PMID- 7376362 TI - [Mechanisms of the hemodynamic disorders in pancreatic necrosis]. PMID- 7376365 TI - [Cancer of the rectum (a clinical statistical analysis)]. PMID- 7376363 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis]. AB - Near and late results of the surgical treatment of 158 patients with chronic pancreatitis are presented. The authors believe that it is only the complex examination before operation and the data revealed during the operation which enable the correct choice of surgery to be made. Variants of surgical measures in the patients examined are described, their rationality being substantiated by good and satisfactory results of the surgery. PMID- 7376364 TI - [Endoscopic papillosphincterotomy in treating the complications of gallstones]. AB - The authors believe that endoscopic papillosphincterotomy is a relatively safe but sufficiently effective method for dissecting the papilla. It should be used mainly in patients with the postcholecystomic syndrome in order to abolish stenosis of the papilla duodeni major and to liquidate choledocholithiasis. It may be also used in the patients with calculous cholecystitis complicated by choledocholithiasis, stenosis of the papilla and jaundice, if there is an increased degree of surgical risk. PMID- 7376367 TI - [Treatment experience with primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 7376366 TI - [Indirect lymphography in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid and parathyroid diseases]. AB - The authors come to a conclusion that indirect lymphography is an effective method for the diagnosis of alterations in the thyroid gland (thyroiditis, malignant tumor, diffuse and nodular goiter). It can be also used in order to establish the state of its regional lymph nodes more exactly. The thyroid gland lymphography added by contrasting the esophagus is a simple and effective method for topical preoperative diagnosis and determination of localization of the altered parathyroid gland. PMID- 7376369 TI - [Causes of relapses in varicous veins of the lower extremities and their treatment]. AB - The article analyzes the causes of relapses of varicose veins of lower extremities in 60 patients: in 38 patients after preceding surgery and in 22 patients after phlebo-sclerosing treatment. Of 60 patients 52 were operated upon. The operation in case of recurrence of the disease after surgery must include careful revision of the sapheno-femoral anastomosis, removal of the remaining trunks and segments of veins, detection and ligation of communicating veins with deficient valves. PMID- 7376368 TI - [Prognosis of the effect of sympathectomy of the extremity in obliterating lesions of the major arteries]. AB - Indices of the central hemodynamics were studied by the method of integral rheography in 76 male patients with obliterating lesions of the lower extremity arteries. The elasticity of the arterial vascular bed in these patients was found to reduce. It proved to be possible not only to estimate the effects of operative desympathization of the lower extremities but also to prognoze its nearest results by the data of temporal chemical desympathization of the lumbar ganglia by novocain or peridural blockade. PMID- 7376370 TI - [Comparative evaluation of natural and artificial lymphovenous anastomoses (x-ray observation of a natural lymphovenous anastomosis)]. PMID- 7376371 TI - [Pancreatic echinococcosis causing obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 7376372 TI - [Detoxification of the body by means of lymphosorption in wound peritonitis]. AB - Lymphosorption was used in 23 patients with diffuse wound peritonitis within 4--6 days in the complex of measures in order to detoxicate the organism. It resulted, as a rule, in decreased ammonemia, normalized residual nitrogen and urea and in the disappearance of erythrocytes from the lymph. Eighteen patients recovered, 5 patients died of progressing peritonitis and hepatic insufficiency. PMID- 7376373 TI - [Clinical morphological characteristics of closed injuries to the locomotor apparatus of victims in road traffic accidents and the problems of their treatment]. AB - On the basis of studying injuries in 4660 victims of road accidents it has been established that such injuries are characterized by peculiar and massive subcutaneous lesions of soft tissues, interstitial ecchymoses and hematomas, complicated configuration of the plane of bone fracture and displacement of fragments responsible for the peculiar clinical picture in every particular case and requiring a special treatment of every injury. The author gives recommendations for the treatment of some most common closed injuries to the locomotor system. PMID- 7376374 TI - [Specific surgical problems in vascular injuries]. PMID- 7376376 TI - A cautious go-ahead for amending the act. PMID- 7376375 TI - [Treatment of ununited open and gunshot fractures of the leg bones complicated by osteomyelitis]. AB - The experience of the treatment of 107 patients with nonunited open and gunshot fractures of the crus bone complicated by osteomyelitis is described. In 100 patients osteomyelitis was liquidated, in 97 patients consolidation of bone fragments was achieved, the supporting ability and joint movements were restored. PMID- 7376380 TI - Toxocara infection among veterinarians. PMID- 7376378 TI - VIDA II: a computerised diagnostic recording system for veterinary investigation centres in Great Britain. AB - "Veterinary Investigation Diagnosis Analysis" II is a computerised recording system for all the diagnoses made at 33 Government diagnostic laboratories in Great Britain. It was created in 1975 and the records of 150,000 specimens are stored on it each year. The system depends on an agreed list of 393 possible diagnoses (101 cattle, 96 sheep, 72 pigs, 71 birds and 53 for other species). Diagnostic records are sent each month to a computer centre which produces an annual record of all diagnoses made and a monthly record of the number of submissions and financial charges. The computer file can be interrogated from a terminal at the epidemiology unit Weybridge and the diagnostic records are available to research workers. PMID- 7376377 TI - Poor quality forage causes problems. PMID- 7376379 TI - Mastitis in a cow caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (C ovis). PMID- 7376381 TI - Monensin-tiamulin interaction risk to poultry. PMID- 7376382 TI - Swine vesicular disease 1972-1979. PMID- 7376383 TI - A serological survey of canine parvovirus infection in New South Wales, Australia. AB - A serological survey was conducted to ascertain, by haemagglutination inhibition testing, the presence of antibodies to canine parvovirus in 428 dogs in New South Wales, Australia. The first positive canine serum was one collected in May 1978 and the numbers of serologically positive dogs have increased markedly over the last 18 months. Twenty cats which had been vaccinated with feline panleucopenia vaccine were tested for antibody to the canine virus. None of them had a positive titre. PMID- 7376385 TI - The assessment of health in casualty birds of prey intended for release. AB - There are legal implications in deciding when a sick or injured bird or prey is able to be released. Important considerations are the health of the bird, its relationship with man and the locality in which it is to be released. Recommendations are made in order to help veterinary surgeons tackle this problem. Criteria for assessing health are outlined and discussed. PMID- 7376384 TI - Production of diarrhoea and dysentery in pigs by feeding pure cultures of a spirochaete differing from Treponema hyodysenteriae. AB - A weakly beta-haemolytic spirochaete, isolate P43/6/78, was isolated from a pig with diarrhoea and found not to fluoresce with a specific fluorescent antiserum to Treponema hyodysenteriae. Pure cultures of this spirochaete were used to inoculate experimental pigs. Diarrhoea, containing clear mucus, and, in one case, blood occurred in four of the eight animals inoculated. Colitis was present in six of the eight inoculated pigs at necropsy. Excess clear mucus and punctate haemorrhages were seen on the colonic mucosa and spirochaetes resembling isolate P43/6/78 were reisolated from the affected mucosa. The feed conversion efficiency and growth rate of affected pigs was reduced when compared with controls. Isolate P43/6/78 differed from T hyodysenteriae in its cultural, ultrastructural, biochemical and antigenic characters. On these grounds, and because of the clinical and pathological syndrome produced, it was considered to belong to a species other than T hyodysenteriae. PMID- 7376387 TI - Persistence of immunity to infectious canine hepatitis using a killed vaccine. PMID- 7376386 TI - Primary progressive muscular dystrophy in the dog. AB - A case of primary progressive muscular dystrophy in a labrador dog is described. The differential diagnosis with respect to certain muscular and nervous disorders is discussed. The possibility of the hereditary nature of the disease is indicated. PMID- 7376389 TI - Humane handling of stranded cetaceans. PMID- 7376390 TI - Employment law changes. PMID- 7376388 TI - Actinomycosis due to Actinomyces viscosus in a young dog. PMID- 7376391 TI - Infectious bronchitis vaccines. PMID- 7376392 TI - Query rabies. PMID- 7376393 TI - Control of hypocupraemia in cattle by addition of copper to water supplies. AB - Methods for the control of induced or simple hypocupraemia in cattle were tested using a free-choice copper supplement or by adding a soluble copper salt to the water supply, using a specially designed proportioner. In molybdenum induced hypocupraemia the provision of a free-choice supplement containing 2500 mg Cu per kg resulted in only 10 out of 18 of the cows tested having adequate serum copper levels after a five month grazing period. Supplementation of water supplies to a level of 5 mg Cu per litre was effective in raising and maintaining serum copper at normal levels in a herd of low copper status when offered for a similar period. In experimentally produced molybdenosis, 2 to 3 mg per litre in drinking water corrected the associated diarrhoea and abolished the anomalous blood fractions found at high levels of molybdenum intake in three and five days respectively. It is suggested that water supplementation using a proportioner such as the one described is an effective way of combating both simple and induced hypocupraemia in grazing cattle. PMID- 7376394 TI - Torsion of the liver in a sow. PMID- 7376395 TI - Significant antigenic drift within the influenza equi 2 subtype in Sweden. PMID- 7376400 TI - A screening test for monitoring the magnesium status of dairy cows. PMID- 7376396 TI - Virulence of Moraxella bovis in gnotobiotic calves. PMID- 7376397 TI - Antibiotic residues in meat: cooking and cold storage effects. PMID- 7376398 TI - Induction of parturition in the bovine with cloprostenol. PMID- 7376401 TI - Contralateral implantation in mares mated during post partum oestrus. PMID- 7376399 TI - Failure to detect antibodies to Legionella pneumophila sero-group 1 in bovine and porcine sera from outbreaks of severe respiratory disease. PMID- 7376402 TI - Equine influenza vaccine shortage. PMID- 7376403 TI - [Potentials of electroroentgenography in studying the plicate relief and microrelief of the gastric mucosa]. PMID- 7376404 TI - [Experience in using metoclopramide (Reglan) in the x-ray diagnosis of stomach and duodenal diseases]. PMID- 7376405 TI - [Prolonged barium residue in disintegrating cancerous tumors of the stomach]. PMID- 7376406 TI - [Angiography in tumors of the small intestine mesentery]. PMID- 7376408 TI - [Importance of angiographic study in determining the spread of a tumorous lesion of the large intestine]. PMID- 7376409 TI - [Optimization of a cholegraphic program in cholelithiasis]. PMID- 7376407 TI - [Instantaneous double contrast study of the large intestine]. PMID- 7376410 TI - [Retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of biliary tract and pancreatic duct diseases]. PMID- 7376412 TI - [Pharmacoangiography in evaluating the peripheral circulation in acute arterial obstruction of the extremities]. PMID- 7376411 TI - [Dynamic nephroscintigraphy in studying the kidneys of children with chronic obstructive pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7376413 TI - [Angiographic study in moyamoya disease]. PMID- 7376416 TI - [Experience with using a fluorographic method in the polyclinic]. PMID- 7376414 TI - [Experience in operating a surgical unit for x-ray endoscopic studies of the lungs and mediastinum]. PMID- 7376418 TI - [Paraduodenal abscess after cholecystectomy in an angiographic image]. PMID- 7376417 TI - [Case of an inflammatory infiltrate (an abscess) of the stomach]. PMID- 7376420 TI - [Case of a suppurating teratoma of the mediastinum]. PMID- 7376415 TI - [Improved method of teaching the x-ray diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7376419 TI - [Ponticulus posterior of the atlas]. PMID- 7376421 TI - [Prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in calves]. PMID- 7376422 TI - [Desoxone-1, a preparation for disinfecting animal husbandry objects]. PMID- 7376423 TI - [Shock work at the finish of the Five-Year Plan]. PMID- 7376424 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity factors in intact and Rev-1 vaccine-immunized lambs]. PMID- 7376425 TI - [Hemoblastosis in dogs and cats]. PMID- 7376426 TI - [Hymenolepididae as obligate porcine helminths]. PMID- 7376428 TI - [Prevention of gynecologic diseases in cows]. PMID- 7376427 TI - [Functional and morphological state of the liver of lambs under therapy for Cysticercus tenuicollis infection]. PMID- 7376429 TI - [Assessment of the means of administering vitamins to cows]. PMID- 7376430 TI - [Diagnosis of myoglubinuria in horses]. PMID- 7376432 TI - [Use of biologically active substances in the fattening of bull calves]. PMID- 7376431 TI - [Dimethyl sulfoxide in the treatment of diseases of the extremities]. PMID- 7376433 TI - [Antistress action of ascorbic acid on hens]. PMID- 7376437 TI - [Veterinary service of the USA]. PMID- 7376436 TI - [Teaching of veterinary orthopedics]. PMID- 7376435 TI - [Allergen trial for the diagnosis of salmonellosis in sheep]. PMID- 7376434 TI - [Embryotoxic action of phthalophos]. PMID- 7376438 TI - [Organization in Denmark of swine-breeding farms free of specific infectious diseases]. PMID- 7376439 TI - [Prevention of respiratory diseases in calves on specialized farms]. PMID- 7376440 TI - [Professional ethics and deontology in veterinary science]. PMID- 7376441 TI - [Disinfection measures on commercial type swine breeding farms]. PMID- 7376442 TI - [Isolation of spirochetes from swine ill with dysentery]. PMID- 7376443 TI - [Determination of the natural resistance level in hens]. PMID- 7376444 TI - [Chlamydial enteritis in young cattle]. PMID- 7376447 TI - [Phenacetin for preimaginal worming]. PMID- 7376446 TI - [Acemidoben, a highly effective anthelmintic against sexually immature Fasciola]. PMID- 7376448 TI - [Treatment of sheep and rabbits with strongyloidiasis]. PMID- 7376449 TI - [Pretarsi of the female Varroa tick and the mechanism of their action]. PMID- 7376445 TI - [Pathomorphological changes in contagious pustular dermatitis in sheep]. PMID- 7376450 TI - [Structural frames in Varroa infestation of bees]. PMID- 7376451 TI - [Vitamin A in ovarian hypofunction]. PMID- 7376454 TI - [Prevention of white muscle disease and bezoars in lambs]. PMID- 7376453 TI - [Prevention of phosphorus deficiency in cattle]. PMID- 7376452 TI - [Propolis and mastitis]. PMID- 7376455 TI - [Pathomorphology and pathogenesis of polycarbacin poisoning in hens]. PMID- 7376456 TI - [Cholinesterase characteristics of the blood of hens]. PMID- 7376458 TI - [Prevention of aspergillosis in ducklings]. PMID- 7376457 TI - [Effect of sodium trichloroacetate on hydrochemical indices and on ichthyofauna]. PMID- 7376459 TI - [Computation of the formed blood elements of sheep using an electronic particle counter]. PMID- 7376460 TI - [Diagnosis of viral enteritis in geese]. PMID- 7376461 TI - [Use of liquid crystals in cutaneous thermography]. PMID- 7376462 TI - Epidemiological features of influenza in a town of Romania during 1978. PMID- 7376464 TI - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and defective interfering measles virus particles. PMID- 7376463 TI - Influenza outbreak in a large town of Romania recorded in January--March 1978. PMID- 7376465 TI - Virological and clinico-epidemiological considerations on the etiology of some encephalitides and other neurologic virus diseases. PMID- 7376468 TI - [The position of the Czechoslovak Internal Medicine Society on the question of smoking and health]. PMID- 7376467 TI - The national ambulatory medical care survey. 1977 summary. United States, January December 1977. PMID- 7376466 TI - Isolation of a structural unit of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) coat distinct from HBsAg. PMID- 7376469 TI - [Blood pressure in childhood and adolescence]. PMID- 7376470 TI - [Renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 7376471 TI - [Hyperlipoproteinemia after myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7376472 TI - [Echocardiographic findings in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7376473 TI - [Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome combined with right bundle branch block]. PMID- 7376474 TI - [Interaction of cells of hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis) with colloidal iron]. PMID- 7376475 TI - [Risk of simultaneous administration of quinidine and digitalis]. PMID- 7376476 TI - [Chronic pulmonary thromboembolism. Outcome of patient without clinical signs of pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 7376477 TI - [Long-term prognosis of recurring pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 7376478 TI - [Analysis of the effectiveness of oxygen therapy in deteriorating chronic respiratory failure]. PMID- 7376479 TI - [Endoscopic examination after gastric surgery]. PMID- 7376481 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of rheohepatograms in chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 7376480 TI - [Paraneoplastic syndrome in atypical pancreatic carcinoid]. PMID- 7376482 TI - [Nomograms of SI units]. PMID- 7376483 TI - [Let us improve the medical support for district forces]. PMID- 7376484 TI - [Comprehensive approach in ideological work with the students of a military medical department]. PMID- 7376485 TI - [Professional training of the teacher in the military department of a medical institute]. PMID- 7376486 TI - [Scientific work organization in the stomatological polyclinic]. PMID- 7376487 TI - [Role of clinical patient selection in raising the qualifications of troup physicians]. PMID- 7376488 TI - [Work results of the military medical service in 1979 and the tasks for 1980]. PMID- 7376489 TI - [External drainage of the thoracic lymphatic duct in emergency abdominal surgery]. PMID- 7376490 TI - [Emergency x-ray diagnosis]. PMID- 7376491 TI - [Modern methods for differentiated recurrence-preventive treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7376492 TI - [Sensitivity and specificity of influenza diagnostic preparations for the indirect hemagglutination reaction]. PMID- 7376493 TI - [Method for the ongoing sanitary inspection of the water supply in the unit]. PMID- 7376494 TI - [Evaluation of the functional state of the cardiovascular system in young persons]. PMID- 7376495 TI - [Aviation physician and light work]. PMID- 7376496 TI - [Neuropsychic tension and the work capacity of sailors]. PMID- 7376497 TI - [Experience in organizing medical care for stomatological patients in a remote garrison]. PMID- 7376498 TI - [Effect of drug substances on the blood flow in the gastric mucosa in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7376499 TI - [Experience with the use of Fastin I and Fastin II ointments]. PMID- 7376500 TI - [Resuscitation care in traumatic shock at the prehospital stage]. PMID- 7376501 TI - [Acute stenoses of the larynx]. PMID- 7376502 TI - [Indices of the functional state of the skin and of the immunological reactivity of the body in flight cadets]. PMID- 7376503 TI - [For high effectiveness of ideological education work]. PMID- 7376504 TI - [Philosophical bases of the theory of disease]. PMID- 7376505 TI - [Training of students for the performance of the duties of the troop physician]. PMID- 7376506 TI - [Academic study and military scientific work of the students of a military medical faculty]. PMID- 7376507 TI - [Nature of the injuries in a fall from a height]. PMID- 7376508 TI - [Theory of hypovolemia in severe injuries and acute surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity organs]. PMID- 7376509 TI - [Treatment procedure in polyposis of the stomach and its stump]. PMID- 7376510 TI - [Indirect radioisotopic angiography in the diagnosis of kidney diseases]. PMID- 7376511 TI - [Acupuncture of the pinna in the pain syndrome of the lumbosacral region]. PMID- 7376514 TI - [Quantitative work capacity indices and the principles of their selection]. PMID- 7376512 TI - [Ways to increase the effectiveness of disinfection measures among the troups]. PMID- 7376513 TI - [Prevention of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis]. PMID- 7376515 TI - [Complex evaluation of the individual psychological characteristics of flight personnel in medical aviation expertise]. PMID- 7376516 TI - [State of lipid metabolism in sailors]. PMID- 7376517 TI - [Clinical x-ray diagnosis of gastric and duodenal diseases]. PMID- 7376519 TI - [Clinical aspects and the surgical treatment of discogenic lumbosacral radiculitis]. PMID- 7376518 TI - [Change in overall hemodynamics and renal blood flow in acute organophosphorus compound poisoning]. PMID- 7376520 TI - [Lavage of the vitreous body in endophthalmitis]. PMID- 7376521 TI - [Treatment of acute appendicitis and its complications]. PMID- 7376522 TI - [Microbial eczema]. PMID- 7376523 TI - [Use of magnetic metal instrument holders in surgery]. PMID- 7376524 TI - [Gauge for determining the daylight factor]. PMID- 7376525 TI - [Prospective trends in research in the field of theoretical and experimental physiotherapy]. PMID- 7376526 TI - [Research results and prospects in the field of physiotherapy]. PMID- 7376527 TI - [Medical aspects of mathematical experimental planning in balneology]. PMID- 7376529 TI - [Aspects of research in balneology and physiotherapy and the introduction into practice of its achievements]. PMID- 7376528 TI - [Qualitative differences in the electro- and phonophoresis of drug substances in living tissue]. PMID- 7376530 TI - [Total sulfide baths in treating ischemic heart disease with stenocardia]. PMID- 7376531 TI - [Drug electrophoresis and a circular douche in the overall treatment of cortical and spinal impotence]. PMID- 7376532 TI - [Biotelemetric studies of patients undergoing comprehensive treatment including therapeutic physical exercise at health resorts]. PMID- 7376533 TI - [Role of vanadium, selenium, lead and mercury compounds and the methods for their determination in potable mineral waters]. PMID- 7376534 TI - [Change in catalase activity as an index of the biological state of Latvian therapeutic peats]. PMID- 7376535 TI - [Introduction of scientific achievements into the practice of therapeutic physical exercise and sports medicine]. PMID- 7376536 TI - [Effect of overall treatment including mud collars on the retinal and intraocular pressure in cervical osteochondrosis]. PMID- 7376537 TI - [Malignant neoplasm morbidity among the population of the USSR in 1976]. PMID- 7376538 TI - [Impaired synthesis of thyroid hormones in patients with lung cancer]. AB - Based on cytological assays of the sputum and biochemical analysis of blood in lung cancer patients, it was found that the character of cells of inflammatory series and the intensity of macrophage reaction in association with the altered level of sialic acid, and the presence of C-reactive protein in blood serum may serve for prognostication of the affection course. PMID- 7376539 TI - [Extensive and combined operations of lung cancer]. AB - Two hundred and eighteen patients were operated upon with the postoperative mortality in 15.2%. Among those who died at the hospital the operation was not radical enough in 34.9%. Distinguishing between extensive and combined operations seems to be warranted due to different postoperative mortality and, mainly, due to better late results following the combined operations. A 3-year survival for the whole group-16%, a 5-year survival - 10.3%. In patients with metastases a 3 year survival - 6.3%, a 5-year survival - 6.25%, without metastases a 3-year survival - 24.5%, a 5-year survival - 15.4%. Extensive and combined operations are warranted irrespective of the histological tumor structure in cases without any metastases in lymph nodes, but only in squamous cell cancer with lymph node metastases. Taking account of an unfavourable prognosis these operations should be referred to as conventionally radical. PMID- 7376540 TI - [Blood plasma transcortin during growth of Walker carcinosarcoma]. PMID- 7376543 TI - [Transthoracic needle biopsy in the precise diagnosis of mediastinal tumors]. PMID- 7376542 TI - [X-diagnosis and differential diagnosis of small peripheral lung cancer]. PMID- 7376541 TI - [Peculiarities of malignant neoplasm morbidity among the population of the USSR in 1977]. PMID- 7376544 TI - [Survival of lung cancer patients who refused surgical treatment]. AB - In 180 patients with lung cancer the causes of their refusing the operation were analysed, and the survival was followed up. The refusals made up 35.6% to the total number of patients who were offered the operative treatment. The causes of such refusals are as follows: a) no complaints and good patients' state by the moment of establishing the diagnosis (20%); b) fear of the operation, patients' being unaware of the perspectives of their life in case of the refusal; home remedies - 45%; c) no belief in the cure from lung cancer by surgery - 35% of cases. During the first 2 years since the diagnosis was made 80% of such patients die. The terms of survival depend on a number of factors, among which the duration of the clinical period of the lesion, histological tumor structure and its size are of great importance for the prognosis. The refusals seem to be a considerable reserve in oncopneumonology to raise the operability of lung cancer and to improve the results of its surgical treatment. PMID- 7376545 TI - [The rationale for combined operations for rectal cancer metastases to the liver]. AB - The results of 12 observations over the patients subjected to resection of the cancer involved rectum, associated with segmental or edge resection of the liver in case of solitary metastatic foci in it, are reported. These patients survived, on an average, for 3 years after the operation. It is believed that the combination surgical intervention for rectal cancer with solitary metastases in the liver should be considered to be the operation of choice. Solitary focal changes in the liver in surgical treatment of rectal cancer should be verified morphologically in most cases. PMID- 7376546 TI - [Sensitivity of different lines of mice to the carcinogenic action of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine]. AB - Female mice of lines TBA, C57BL/6, BALB/c, and hydrids F1 (CBAxC57BL/6) were given 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in a dose of 16 mg/kg 20 times weekly. Mice of line BALB/c proved to be mostly sensitive to a carcinogenic effect of DMH (the most low survival rate, the appearance of tumors in the anal region 5 weeks earlier, and much greater probability of their occurrence compared with other lines, extensive tumor invasion of the large intestine). The most low sensitivity to a carcinogenic action of DMH was noted in mice of line C57BL/6. It was found possible to induce uterine sarcomas by DMH in hybrids F1 (CBAxC57BI/6) in a comparatively high per cent of cases (15.4%). Morphological changes in the liver were noted in DMH exposed mice of all lines (dystrophy, cystic cavities, the outgrowth of bile ducts and the connective tissue), which were mostly pronounced in mice of line C57BL/6 (in one case it was adenocarcinoma). The genetic factor is suggested to be of certain importance in the sensitivity to DMH carcinogenic effect. PMID- 7376547 TI - [The course and treatment of gastric cancer in aged and senile patients]. AB - The gastric cancer features have been studied in 677 patients aged over 60, suffering this affection. This group of patients makes 58.0% in relation to other age groups. The clinical picture of gastric cancer in aged patients is obliterated, the symptoms are poorly manifest, and in 20% of cases the picture is disguised by other lesions, believed by the patient to be the manifestation of age changes. Among 677 patients 61.3% were subjected to surgery, 15.2% were found to be inoperable, 13% refused the operation, and in 10.5% the latter was contraindicated due to grave patients' condition. The postoperative mortality was 7%. The patients, radically operated upon, survived for 5 years and longer in 41% of cases. PMID- 7376549 TI - [Aspects of metabolic change in low-calorie ration nutrition]. AB - The parameters of physical development and those of energy, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were studied during intake of low-calorie diets (995 kcal) of the two types, mainly carbohydrate and protein ones. Energy deficiency in the examinees fluctuated from 1785 to 2285 kcal/day during a ten-day intake of low-calorie diet. Reduction in the body weight was noted in all the persons, amounting from 2,2 to 3.960 kg; the losses of the fat component constituted from 20 to 25% of the total body weight loss during intake of carbohydrate diet and from 35 to 65% in case of protein diet. It was shown that lipids played the most active role in energy supply of the organism. In case of carbohydrate diet, the fats started participation in energy metabolism by the 7th day. In both experiments energy supply of the organism was effected at the expense of fats. Although the body weight during intake of carbohydrate diet declined less as compared to protein diet, it is recommended that low-calorie carbohydrate diets (1000 kcal) may be applied in dietotherapy since the intensity of the metabolic processes is less pronounced in these cases. PMID- 7376548 TI - [Urgent problems of rational nutrition for the immigrant population in Arctic regions and for the natives of the North]. AB - Metabolic changes in newcomers to the Asiatic North have been revealed during their adaptation to a complex of the climatic and geographic factors of high latitudes. The changes were marked by making the most of lipids and less utilization of carbohydrates in energy supply to the adaptation processes. An important role of proteins in energy supply is discussed with emphasis on the changes in vitamin metabolism. The specificity of metabolic changes during adaptation is not taken into account in the nutrition program of the newcomers. This leads to the development of disadaptation shifts in the body. An important role of nutrition in adaptation of both the newcomers and aborigines of Siberia and North is suggested. The many-century experience gained in the nutrition of aborigines should be regarded in the newcomers' nutrition programs that are recommended to be based on protein-lipid diets. PMID- 7376550 TI - [Food caloric value and the energy requirements of students]. AB - Over a month a group of 65 practically healthy medical students, leading a usual life, received diets according to the apportionment elaborated in agreement with "Recommended Values of Food and Energy Physiological Requirements" (1968). From daily measurement of body weight it was established that normally the weight got stabilized after two weeks' elapse from the commencement of observation. The caloric value of the food taken was assessed in 16 subjects under test. The daily caloric value of the food amounted on the average to 2980.10 +/- 88.18 kcal. i.e. it was 10% less as compared to the recommended energy requirement rates of male students. From previously reported data on protein metabolism and parameters of working capacity recorded in the same persons under observation it is concluded that the caloric value of the food taken equal to 2980.10 +/- 88.18 kcal is quite enough to replace energy losses of the students. PMID- 7376551 TI - [Vitamin P in the nutrition of athletes]. AB - Capillary resistance was examined in 1203 athletes, students of the Institute of Physical Culture. The examinees showed seasonal variations in capillary strength and in excretion of ascorbic acid with the urine. It is recommended that the diet of athletes be supplemented with vitamins C and P during winter season. Both vitamins were demonstrated to interfere with the effect of sports exercise affecting capillary walls. The vitamins can be used for raising the efficacy of ski training and improving the results during competition. It is also advisable that the diet be supplemented with vitamin P daily dose of 50-60 mg given with rutin, which is best combined with 100 mg of ascorbic acid. PMID- 7376553 TI - [Energy requirements of patients in the early postoperative period after a stomach resection]. AB - The underlying metabolism and daily energy losses were studied in 22 patients with malignant tumours of the stomach and in 51 patients with pyloric stenosis and duodenal ulcer, preoperatively and over the first 9 days postoperatively. The preoperative studies revealed a rise in the underlying metabolism rate by 43.7 and 28.2%, respectively in the patients of both groups as compared to the metabolism in healthy individuals of the same sex, weight, height and age. Postoperatively, the underlying metabolism rate dropped in the oncological patients to the level seen in healthy people, whereas in duodenal ulcer patients the metabolic rates remained elevated. The patients' energy requirements are calculated respectively as 25-30 and 41-45 kcal per 1 kg body weight daily. PMID- 7376552 TI - [Effect of benzene and its homologues on body ascorbic acid allowance under prolonged C vitaminization]. AB - The purpose of the work was to study the effect of benzene, toluene and xylene combined with acetone on ascorbic acid (AA) supply of constructive workers exposed to prolonged C-vitaminization. Vitaminization was carried out for 6 and 12 months with various doses of AA (50, 100 and 150 mg). Additional vitaminization induced a considerable increase in AA content in the blood plasma and raised its excretion with urine in the workers given 50 and 100 mg of vitamin C and not exposed to the harmful industrial factors. In painters working in the premises with an elevated content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the air, the higher level of AA in the blood plasma and urine could be attained only after prolonged additional vitaminization at a dose of 150 mg. The data obtained in experiments on guinea pigs also indicate advisability of increasing the daily preventive dose of vitamin C under industrial conditions with an elevated content of benzene and vapours of its methyl derivatives. PMID- 7376557 TI - [Method of studying the potential carcinogenic properties of food products]. AB - The paper deals with the methods for determining potential cancerogenic and cocancerogenic activities of foods. The differences in procedures for assessing the cancerogenic activity of compound foods and cancerogenic properties of chemically pure substances are emphasized. PMID- 7376556 TI - [Interrelationship between manganese, vitamin B1 and the level of pyruvic acid]. AB - Addition of manganese to the diets promotes an increase of the total thiamine content in the blood and the liver, heart and brain tissues. This trace element appreciably changes the correlation between different thiamine fractions. The free vitamin B1 level in the blood and tissues decreases, while the level of its bound form (pyrophosphatic) increases. All the administered manganese doses induced a statistically significant reduction of pyruvic acid concentration in the blood. PMID- 7376555 TI - [Effect of rations with a varying phospholipid content on rat liver phosphorylase A1 and A2 and cholesterol esterase activity]. AB - The effect of varied amounts of phospholipids in the diet (100, 30 and 0.5% of the total lipid content) on the lipid composition and activity of lysosomal phospholipases A1 and A2 and cholesterinesterase of the rat liver was studied. The experiment lasted 24 days. The liver weight increased in both groups of animals under test, no differences in the content of total lipids being found. Variations in the activity of lipolytic enzymes were of different directions. The animals given pure phospholipids demonstrated less activity of phospholipase A1 without changes in phospholipase A2 activity, a tendency towards elevated activity of cholesterinesterase and drop in the content of phospholipids in the liver. The animals fed 30% of phospholipids showed higher activity of phospholipases A1 and A2, reduced activity of cholesterinesterase as well as decreased protein content in the liver. PMID- 7376559 TI - [Iodine and bromine content in the meat of fish from the Indian Ocean]. PMID- 7376560 TI - [Effect of alimentary factors on the fatty acid makeup of rat fatty tissue and liver]. PMID- 7376561 TI - Persistence of HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBe in healthy blood donors. AB - The persistence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), e antigen (HGeAg) and antibodies to e antigen (anti-HBe) was studied retrospectively in 197 Finnish voluntary blood donors, who had been found positive for HBsAg by routine screening in 1970 or 1971. Two samples were available from each donor: the first was taken in 1970 or 1971 and the second in 1978; the average interval between the specimens was 7.6 years. All except one (99.5%) of the donors remained HGsAg carriers during the whole study period. HBeAg was detected initially in 3 (2%) cases, all of whom lost HBeAg after the follow-up, and 2 converted to anti-HBe positive. Anti-HBe was found in the first samples of 158 (80%) HGsAg carriers, 154 (97%) of whom were still positive for anti-HBe in the second samples. These results suggest that the HBsAg carrier stage is stable as for the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBe. PMID- 7376554 TI - [Effect of fats on gastric secretion in a varying degree of innervation of the isolated stomach]. AB - On the ground of an investigation on dogs with different types of isolated stomachs a characteristics of peculiarities of the action on the gastric secretion by three dissimilar fats is given, viz. butter, sunflower and corn oils. The investigated fats differ considerably by the lengthy inhibition of the gastric secretion produced by meat, and to a still greater degree by the intensity of the 2nd phase of secretion (after inhibition). It is also shown that with a complete extramural denervation of the isolated stomach (after Gregory) the inhibitory action of fats remains to be strongly marked. However, in this case after the period of inhibition, in the 2nd phase a significantly reduced secretion of the gastric juice is observed. PMID- 7376558 TI - [Thiamine allowance of animals receiving rye and wheat grains grown with the use of herbicides from the phenoxy acid chlorine derivative group]. AB - Investigations carried out for several years have shown that the treatment of rye and wheat crops with an amine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and dialene produces sometimes a decrease in the grain thiamine content of these cereals. Feeding of rye and wheat grains grown with the use of the amine salt of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid to growing ratlings has demonstrated that the thiamine content in the liver of ratlings is directly proportional to thiamine supply to their body with food. PMID- 7376562 TI - Detection of quinidine-specific antibodies with platelet 125I-labeled staphylococcal protein A test. AB - Remarkably higher titers (80--160) of quinidine-specific antibodies were detected in the serum of 5 patients with suspected quinidine purpura, when 125I-labeled staphylococcal protein A was used as the marker of IgG bound onto platelets. During a follow-up of 3 of the patients, the antibody titers declined. The antibodies could be detected even when the final drug concentration was reduced from 0.3 to 0.003 mmol/l (i.e. therapeutic levels). The reaction between serum and platelets was independent of the type of quinidine salt used. No cross reactivity occurred with quinine. Heat inactivation of the serum did not decrease the quantity of specific antibodies detected on the platelets. The sedimentation behavior of antiplatelet activity in density gradient centrifugation resembled that of 7 S antibodies. When sedimentation was, however, effected on the drug serum mixture, the reactivity of 7 S decreased. PMID- 7376563 TI - Increased incidence of haemolytic disease of the new-born caused by ABO incompatibility when tetanus toxoid is given during pregnancey. AB - To determine whether tetanus toxoid given during pregnancy increases the risk of haemolytic disease of the new-born, 818 group O pregnant women were given one to three doses of tetanus toxoid during the third trimester. There was a significant increase in the incidence of neonatal jaundice among the ABO-incompatible infants of women given toxoid, compared to a control group. Comparative studies were also done at two hospitals: tetanus toxoid was not given during pregnancy at one hospital and was used routinely at the other. More of the mothers given toxoid had high titres of IgG anti-A or anti-B and more of their ABO-incompatible infants became jaundiced. Thus these studies suggest an increased risk of haemolytic disease of the new-born due to ABO imcompatibility when tetanus toxoid injections are given during pregnancy. PMID- 7376564 TI - Serum ferritin in the regulation of iron therapy in blood donors. AB - 12 regular blood donors were selected on the basis of subnormal serum ferritin levels as a criterion for iron deficiency. It was found that all had high transferrin levels but only 5 had subnormal serum iron or transferrin saturation. The donors were given oral iron therapy in a dose of 2,800 mg between each phlebotomy, and the donation interval was standardized to 8 weeks. Test samples were collected every 4th week. After an initial rise in ferritin during the first 2 months, 6 of the donors again had subnormal serum ferritin levels, and the iron dose was therefore doubled after 32 weeks. Following this, all subjects taking the higher dose had normal ferritin values and stainable marrow iron was found at the end of the study, after 92 weeks. 3 subjects did not take the higher dose, had no raised serum ferritin level or stainable hemosiderin. It is concluded that serum ferritin estimation can be used to monitor the therapy in blood donors so that a satisfactory amount of iron is stored. PMID- 7376565 TI - Plateletpheresis with the IBM model 2997. I. Effects of ACD, NIH formula B on selected donor indices. AB - 9 healthy subjects dosed with acid-citrate-dextrose, NIH formula B (ACD-B) while undergoing plateletpheresis with the continuous-flow IBM Model 2997 centrifuge, received on average 59.5 +/- (SD) 3.2 mg Na3 citrate.kg-1.h-1. This rate of infusion of Na3 citrate resulted in a maximum 12-fold rise in the concentration of citrate in serum (plasma) following the processing of 10 litres of whole blood, and subsequently reduced the level of total calcium in serum (plasma) by 9%. This dose of Na3 citrate produced no clinical symptoms suggestive of hypocalcaemia in these subjects, even though the use of acid-citrate-dextrose, NIH formula A (ACD-A) under identical conditions has been reported to reduce significantly the level of total calcium in serum, and concomitantly increase the number or reactions occurring in donors. From previous studies employing the intermittent-flow centrifugation system of plateletpheresis, a rate of infusion of Na3 citrate below 65 mg.kg-1.h-1 can insure maximum donor safety and this rate can be achieved with the IBM Model 2997 by the utilisation of ACD-B. PMID- 7376566 TI - Granulocyte transfusion--an established or still an experimental therapeutic procedure? PMID- 7376567 TI - Granulocyte transfusions--an established or still an experimental therapuetic procedure? PMID- 7376568 TI - Granulocyte transfusion--an established or still an experimental therapeutic procedure? PMID- 7376570 TI - [Experience in the use of a complex management system in the work of an epidemiological health station]. PMID- 7376569 TI - Granulocyte transfusions--an established or still an experimental therapeutic procedure? PMID- 7376571 TI - [Experimental and clinical hygienic studies of the toxicity of methylene chloride]. PMID- 7376573 TI - [Medical ethics questions in a medical first aid service]. PMID- 7376572 TI - [Characteristics of the tularemia prevention measures in the natural foci of the Carpathian region]. PMID- 7376575 TI - [Clinical morphological characteristics of the course of myocardial infarct in hypertension in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 7376574 TI - [Characteristics of the course and fatal outcomes of myocardial infarct in a specialized cardiology ward]. PMID- 7376576 TI - [Changes in the neurological symptoms and cerebral hemodynamics in hypertension under the influence of a measured physical load]. PMID- 7376577 TI - [Effect of comprehensive sanatorium-health resort treatment on cardiohemodynamics in hypertension]. PMID- 7376578 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic effectiveness of isoptin in ischemic heart disease in the middle aged and elderly]. PMID- 7376579 TI - [Diagnosis of restricted adhesive pericarditis]. PMID- 7376580 TI - [Etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of Fiedler-Abramov myocarditis]. PMID- 7376581 TI - [Effect of strophanthin on the functional state of the myocardium and external respiratory indices in chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 7376582 TI - [Effect of adrenaline on the phasic structure of the left ventricular systole in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7376583 TI - [Clinical characteristics of chronic cor pulmonale as a consequence of repeated thromboembolisms of the pulmonary artery branches]. PMID- 7376584 TI - [Treatment of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency at Lesnye Poliany sanatorium]. PMID- 7376587 TI - [Serotonin concentration in the blood and the activity of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7376585 TI - [Ultraweak luminescence of donor blood plasma depending on age and sex]. PMID- 7376588 TI - [Paraneoplastic nephropathies]. PMID- 7376586 TI - [Clinical characteristics of influence due to virus A (HlNl) in 1977-78]. PMID- 7376589 TI - [Use of Mirgorod mineral water in chronic hepatitis and cholecystitis]. PMID- 7376590 TI - [Cholate-forming liver function in chronic gastroduodenitis and biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 7376591 TI - [Treatment of exacerbated peptic ulcer by pharmacological vagotomy and DOCA]. PMID- 7376592 TI - [Aerosol therapy of patients with side effects to antitubercular preparations]. PMID- 7376593 TI - [Peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase and lipid content in the neutrophils in Addison's disease]. PMID- 7376594 TI - [Electrical activity study of the heart (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7376595 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the nerve trunks of the lumbosacral plexus in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 7376597 TI - [Effect of aerosols of rare metals on the functional state of workers under conditions of powder metallurgy]. PMID- 7376596 TI - [Free sulfhydryl group content in the hemolysates of subjects in contact with disinfecting substances]. PMID- 7376599 TI - [Acetylcysteine as a detoxicating agent in acute poisoning with 1,2 dichloroethane]. PMID- 7376601 TI - [Improving the forms and methods of educational-scientific work in the subinternship]. PMID- 7376600 TI - [Potentiation of the antistaphylococcal effect of ampicillin by various bile acids]. PMID- 7376598 TI - [Health status of coal miners working in mines with steep strata]. PMID- 7376602 TI - [Problems of teaching deontology within the undergraduate curriculum]. PMID- 7376603 TI - [Clinical value of gastric juice-gastric mucosa secretion ratio in gastritis and stomach ulcer]. PMID- 7376605 TI - [Effect of hypothiazide on gastric secretion in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7376607 TI - [Clinico-laboratory test for prognosis in pancreatic cancer]. PMID- 7376604 TI - [Use of methyluracil in the complex treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7376606 TI - [Change in the blood lysozyme content in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7376608 TI - [State of intrahepatic hemodynamics in chronic cholangiohepatitis]. PMID- 7376609 TI - [Effect of treatment at the Morshin health resort on the dynamics of bile secretion and exocrine function of the pancreas in chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7376610 TI - [Work capacity evaluation after cholecystectomy according to the function of the digestive glands]. PMID- 7376611 TI - [Hypertension in first aid and emergency cases]. PMID- 7376616 TI - [Rupture of dissecting aneurysm of the abdominal aorta into the left renal pelvis]. PMID- 7376614 TI - [Effect of seasonal antirheumatic measures on the course of rheumatic heart disease]. PMID- 7376612 TI - [Effect of meteorological factors on the incidence of myocardial infarct and sudden death in acute coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 7376615 TI - [Evaluation of immunological processes in expert testimony regarding disability in rheumatologic diseases]. PMID- 7376619 TI - [Functional capacity of the myocardium in post-infarct heart aneurysm and cardiosclerosis]. PMID- 7376617 TI - [Changes in the regional cerebral blood flow in arteriosclerotic psychoses]. PMID- 7376621 TI - [Improving the qualifications of public health administrators]. PMID- 7376618 TI - [Depressive states in cerebral arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7376620 TI - [Role of iron in the development of old age anemia (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7376622 TI - [Relationship between genotypical signs and clinical course of pneumonia]. PMID- 7376623 TI - [Electromyographic changes under the effect of massage in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7376613 TI - [Phase structure of left-ventricular systole in cervical osteochondrosis]. PMID- 7376624 TI - [Respiratory insufficiency in pulmonary mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 7376625 TI - [Use of medicinal plant aerosols in occupational diseases of the upper respiratory tract]. PMID- 7376626 TI - [Value of the rheorenography in the diagnosis of kidney diseases]. PMID- 7376627 TI - [Effect of ureteral calculi on the ureteral peristalsis according to the data on bioelectrical activity]. PMID- 7376628 TI - [Study of peroral administration of small doses of benzopyrene to mice]. PMID- 7376630 TI - Towards a global programme on acute respiratory infections. PMID- 7376629 TI - Recent advances in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis. PMID- 7376633 TI - Safety measures in microbiology. Minimum standards of laboratory safety. PMID- 7376632 TI - Plague surveillance and control. PMID- 7376631 TI - World Health Day 1980. Smoking or health, the choice is yours. PMID- 7376634 TI - Air quality surveillance: trends in selected urban areas. PMID- 7376636 TI - How technology contributed to the success of global smallpox eradication. PMID- 7376635 TI - Charter for health development: a milestone for WHO's South-East Asia region. PMID- 7376637 TI - Appropriate technology in the development of freeze-dried smallpox vaccine. PMID- 7376638 TI - A note on the development of the bifurcated needle for smallpox vaccination. PMID- 7376639 TI - Training the trainers in cold chain operation. PMID- 7376640 TI - The role of qualified personnel in health and development. PMID- 7376641 TI - The study of atherosclerosis precursors. A WHO collaborative project. PMID- 7376642 TI - The operative management of Crohn Disease. AB - The natural history of Crohn disease* is varied and unpredictable, and its cause is not known. No modality of treatment has definitely been shown to alter its course. Surgical treatment was carried out in a consistent fashion in 141 consecutive patients with Crohn disease. The indications for surgical operation were the complications of the disease only; these included fistula, abscess, obstruction and hemorrhage. Preoperative evaluation included upper gastrointestinal examination, barium enema, intravenous pyelogram, proctoscopy, and nutritional and volume support. In 76 of these patients previous operations had been carried out for Crohn disease. The surgical treatment was based upon the specific complication present, with adherence to the principle of resection of diseased tissue only. Ureterolysis also was necessary in 20 percent of these patients. The operative mortality was 1.4 percent, postoperative complications occurred in 54 patients and the surgical recurrence rate was 26 percent. A favorable result was accomplished in 85 percent of the patients. PMID- 7376643 TI - Single daily dose methimazole treatment of hyperthyroidism. AB - The effectiveness of methimazole used in a single daily dose was studied in 47 patients during their initial episode of hyperthyroidism, and in an additional eight patients during a relapse of hyperthyroidism. All patients become euthyroid using this method. Mean time required to achieve a euthyroid state was 16.7+/-1.1 weeks in the former group, and 14.9+/-2.9 weeks in the latter. In one patient there was an initial response to single daily dose therapy, but subsequently split dosage was required for control. The single daily dose regimen of antithyroid drugs will control hyperthyroidism in most patients. We have found that propylthiouracil will achieve this more rapidly than methimazole. PMID- 7376644 TI - Man's health: the past and the future. PMID- 7376645 TI - Honey, infant botulism and the sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 7376646 TI - Splenic trauma in children. PMID- 7376647 TI - Acetaminophen toxicity. PMID- 7376648 TI - Human breast milk-storage and safety considerations: protective effects. PMID- 7376649 TI - PCP update. PMID- 7376650 TI - Use of pneumococcal vaccine. PMID- 7376651 TI - Mushroom poisoning. PMID- 7376652 TI - Modern Chemosurgery--microscopically controlled excision. AB - Chemosurgery is no longer the slow, painful, last-resort technique for skin cancer. With recent modifications the chemosurgery method, now called microscopically controlled excision (MCE), retains the careful microscopic tracing of even the smallest tumor strands but avoids the morbidity of zinc chloride paste. So far, the cure rate for microscopically controlled excision of difficult, recurrent or large basal cell carcinomas is comparable with that obtained by the classic procedure. This modification is more adaptable to current concerns for cosmesis, cross-specialty usage and early treatment for lesions known to have poor cure rates by standard modalities. PMID- 7376653 TI - Hereditary hepatosplenomegaly. PMID- 7376654 TI - Mushroom poisoning from Chlorophyllum molybdites. PMID- 7376659 TI - Chlamydiae: exotic and ubiquitous. PMID- 7376660 TI - Paraneoplastic syndromes: something old, something new. PMID- 7376657 TI - Outpatient termination of early pregnancies using syringe and plastic cannula. PMID- 7376658 TI - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria--present status and future prospects. PMID- 7376661 TI - Psittacosis: clinical presentation and therapeutic observations. PMID- 7376662 TI - The needs and qualifications of physicians. PMID- 7376656 TI - Hyperthermia in cancer therapy. AB - Many malignant cell lines exhibit a therapeutic response to supernormal temperatures. Selective destruction of tumor cells has been observed following moderate hyperthermia (42 degrees to 43 degrees C) in vivo, and tumor eradication by heat has been achieved without normal tissue morbidity. Thermal cell killing appears to be independent of oxygen tension, and the sensitivity of S-phase cells to thermal damage is complementary to that for cellular radiation response. Hyperthermia is therefore a promising adjunct to radiotherapy. At the Claire Zellerbach Saroni Tumor Institute, Mount Zion Hospital and Medical Center, San Francisco, the differential thermal sensitivity of malignant cells is being studied to achieve improved tumor control in patients refractory to more conventional treatments. Preliminary results of a two-year clinical trial indicated increased local objective responses when hyperthermia and radiation were used in combination. PMID- 7376655 TI - Acute cor pulmonale resulting from tumor microembolism. PMID- 7376663 TI - Holistic medicine for neurosurgeons. PMID- 7376664 TI - Teaching medical students to stay healthy. PMID- 7376665 TI - Peripheral atheroembolus following external cardiac massage. PMID- 7376666 TI - Health care in modern Cuba. AB - An extensively organized, centrally controlled system, aimed at equalizing and improving the distribution and quality of medical services according to population and geography, characterizes the modern Cuban health care complex. Facilities of increasing sophistication are located in urban areas while an expanding series of ambulatory, multipotential polyclinics attempts to provide most health services in both urban and rural settings. Maternal and child care, immunization programs and other forms of preventive medicine represent major priorities for expenditures. Occupational health is increasingly understood as a valuable resource, and medical professionals on all levels are being trained in significant numbers for Cuba and its allies. PMID- 7376667 TI - [Carotid arteriogram pattern in mitral valve prolapse syndrome]. PMID- 7376668 TI - [Analysis of emotional-esthetic experiences including various circulatory system parameters in patients with hypertension subjected to the action of music]. PMID- 7376669 TI - [Clinical and psychological aspects of enuresis in children]. PMID- 7376671 TI - [Usefulness of estradiol and parlodel in puerperal lactation inhibition]. PMID- 7376670 TI - [Effect of interrupting the 1st pregnancy on the course of the next pregnancy, labor, puerperium and the newborn infant's condition]. PMID- 7376672 TI - [Exercise test in the diagnosis of coronary failure]. PMID- 7376674 TI - [Acute torsion of the stomach in incarcerated false hiatal hernia. Case report]. PMID- 7376675 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in liver abscess]. PMID- 7376676 TI - [Hepatic cyst in a patient treated radiotherapeutically for cervical carcinoma]. PMID- 7376673 TI - [Cervical myelopathy and its clinical manifestations]. PMID- 7376677 TI - [Acute renal function disorders in partial atheromatous obturation of the renal arteries]. PMID- 7376678 TI - [Primary Hodgkin's disease of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 7376680 TI - [Magnesium deficiency in tubular acidosis]. PMID- 7376679 TI - [Case of massive muscular cysticercosis]. PMID- 7376681 TI - [Acute anthra compound poisoning caused by ingestion of buckthorn fruits]. PMID- 7376685 TI - [Modern geriatrics and the care for the aged in vienna (author's transl)]. AB - All over the world there is an increase of the aged in this century. In Europe Austria occupies the second place in the percentage of people over 65 years. Therefrom results also an increase of the medical and psychosocial problems of the old age. Three sections of care for old people have developed: the open care at home, the homes for the aged and the institutional care in hospitals and nursing-homes. A new form is the day-hospital. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally a survey of the situation in Vienna is given, specially of the Viennese geriatric hospital in Lainz, which is the largest geriatric centre in Austria. PMID- 7376683 TI - [Degenerative and inflammatory diseases and their radiotherapy]. PMID- 7376684 TI - [Problems in water bed therapy from the point of view of the neurologist (author's transl)]. AB - Patients suffering from various diseases are hospitalized in water beds for therapeutical reasons. By means of a detailed report on the course of the disease in 3 characteristic cases it can be shown, that water bed therapy is an useful additional therapeutic measure in critical situations. Thrombotic attacks, which take place as side-effects in some cases, seem to be caused by a retardation of the bloodstream and have to be treated with conventional antithrombotic therapy. Apart from hemodynamic factors also the temperature of the water might take part in provoking thrombotic attacks. PMID- 7376687 TI - [Steroid transforming enzymes in microorganisms. XIII. Relationship between steroid structure and induction of 4-ene-3-oxosteroid: (acceptor)-1-ene oxidoreductase in Nocardia opaca]. AB - The induction of the 4-ene-3-oxosteroid: (acceptor)-1-ene-oxidoreductase in Nocardia opaca has been shown to be dependent on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic structural features of the steroid molecule, i.g. the nature of the oxygen function in positions 11 and 20 and the presence of the methyl group in position 10 influence the induction of the enzyme drastically. In this connection the metabolism of the steroid inductors being degradated during the induction process has been considered. PMID- 7376686 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim and sulfametrol in patients with end stage renal failure and hemodialysis treatment (author's transl)]. AB - In 6 patients with regular dialysis treatment the pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered trimethoprim and sulfametrol were investigated not only during dialysis procedure but also during the dialysis-free interval. Half life of the free plasma sulfametrol component is normal even in cases with absent renal function and can be markedly reduced by hemodialysis treatment. The N4 acetylated main metabolite of the sulfonamide is - similar to trimethoprim - hardly dialyzable. Half-life of the latter drug component is prolonged in patients with far advanced renal failure. Due to the excellent dialysanceof the free plasma sulfonamide component the elimination of total sulfametrol is normal during hemodialysis despite cumulation of the N4-acetylated metabolite. Because of the tendency of this metabolite to cumulation, in dialysis patients the compound preparation of trimethoprim and sulfametrol should be used only for trasient treatment of acute infections. PMID- 7376688 TI - Cell wall regeneration of Canadida spec. protoplasts. AB - A yeast of the genus Candida which is able to grow on n-alkanes was characterized by biochemical investigations: Crabtree effect, inhibition of ammonium utilization by asparagine, changes in the concentration of polysaccharides mainly concentrated in the cell wall. The yeast was compared biochemically and electron microscopically with its pure protoplast population, and the regeneration of the cell wall was studied. In correspondence with the asynchronously developing accumulation of glucan and manna, electron microscopical studies have first only revealed glucan fibrils. Matrix formation (mannan) occurs only in the second stage of regeneration. After a regeneration period of 9 hours, the polysaccharides in the former protoplast population reached the concentration of the period before enzymatic removal of the cell wall. A tube-like structure observed by light microscopy during the early stages of regeneration is shown electron-microscopically to consist of a fibrillar network without matrix. Between newly formed cell wall and plasma membrane, in some cells groups of large flat vesicles were found, whose fracture faces are free of particles. After protoplast formation the invaginations of the plasma membrane arrange themselves in rows one behind the other. These findings are supported by further evidence suggesting that the invaginations are structures on the basis of lipid domains. PMID- 7376689 TI - Transfection in Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. PMID- 7376682 TI - [Crises in the course of Parkinson's disease]. PMID- 7376690 TI - Carbon and nitrogen nutrition of plant pathogenic fungi associated with basal stem rots of cowpeas, Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp in Nigeria. AB - Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia bataticola (syn. = Macrophomina phaseolina), Botryodiplodia theobromae, and two strains of Sclerotium rolfsii readily utilized for growth the monosaccharides glucose, fructose and mannose, the disaccharides sucrose and maltose and the polysaccharides dextrin and starch. In addition, S. rolfsii grew appreciably well on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). When filter paper (nature cellulose) was supplied as sole carbon source, it was decomposed by B. theobromae, S. rolfsii (SR2) and R. bataticola. In studies on nitrogen utilization, B. theobromae grew best on glutamic acid, P. aphanidermatum on glycine and the two strains of S. rolfsii on ammonium nitrate. R. bataticola utilized casein hydrolysate most effectively for growth. EDTANa2 was a poor nitrogen source for all the pathogens. PMID- 7376691 TI - Radio-resistance of a gram-negative bacterium. PMID- 7376693 TI - Scanning and transmission electron microscope studies on the efficacy of praziquantel on Hymenolepis nana (Cestoda) in vitro. AB - The dwarf tapeworm, Hymenolepis nana, was studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy after in vitro exposure to 1, 10, and 100 micrograms/ml of the anthelmintic praziquantel (Droncit) for 5, 15, 30, and 60 min. The resulting vacuolization of the tegument was exclusively confined to the neck region of the tapeworms and was already observed after treatment for 5 min with 1 microgram/ml. This vacuolization finally led to the disruption of the syncytial layer in the apical region of the tegument. The tegumental microtriches and the surface coat remained unaffected. Proglottids of the middle or posterior regions of the worms never showed destruction. PMID- 7376694 TI - Ultrastructural study of the tetrathyridium of Mesocestoides corti Hoeppli, 1925: tegument and parenchyma. AB - The study of dividing and non-dividing tetrathyridia using electron microscopy shows that the mode of multiplication by antero-posterior fission of these larvae is due to a particular tissue which is called the "apical massif". The apical massif is a part of the tegumental syncytium. It is located at the top of the scolex. It represents a polynucleated cell mass which has cytomorphogenetic power. During asexual multiplication, it differentiates into tegumental syncytium, sub-tegumental muscles, glycogen-storing parenchyma cells, and other cell types. Parts of it remain undifferentiated. The hypothetic origin of the apical massif is discussed. Longitudinal growth of the tetrathyridia occurs by invasion of migrating cells into the tegumental syncytium. These cells also originate from the apical massif. During asexual multiplication and longitudinal growth, filamentous microtriches are synthesized below the plasmalemma of the superficial cytoplasm of the tegumental syncytium. It is supposed that the blade like microtriches derive from filamentous forms. PMID- 7376697 TI - Eimeria macrotis sp. n. from Vulpes macrotis neomexicanus Merriam, 1902. AB - Oocysts of Eimeria macrotis sp. n. are described from the kit fox, Vulpes macrotis neomexicanus Merriam, 1902, at White Sands National Monument, Otero County, New Mexico, USA. A comparison between E. macrotis and all other Eimeria spp. from Vulpes spp. is given. PMID- 7376692 TI - [Degradation of steroids. XVI. Microbial side chain degradation of structurally modified sterols]. AB - Different types of sterol derivatives substituted in position 3 have been investigated to be suitable substrates for microorganisms capable of degradating the side chain of sterols. Sterolesters were found to be either unattacked or hydrolyzed followed by complete degradation of the molecule. Derivatives of the alkylether - and ketal type were transformed to the corresponding C19-steroids by fermentation with strains of the genus Mycobacteria. With respect to stability, solubility and transformation rate the sterol-3-carboxymethyloxime-derivatives were shown to be most suitable. PMID- 7376698 TI - [Nitro compounds. Effect and use]. PMID- 7376695 TI - Fine structure of the antennal sensory hairs in female Anopheles stephensi. AB - The fine structure of the sensory hairs on the antennal flagellum of female Anopheles stephensi was studied by electron microscopy. The antennal hairs were divided into at least five different types, on the basis of hair diameter, hair wall thickness, communicating channel density, and dendritic branching in the hair lumen. Regardless of different types, however, all hairs, presumed to be olfactory receptors, were found to be innervated by two sensory cells. PMID- 7376699 TI - [Experience with molsidomin]. PMID- 7376696 TI - [Description and characteristics of an amebocytic reaction in Lymnaea truncatula Muller infested by Fasciola hepatica L. (author's transl)]. AB - The development of an amebocytic reaction is described in tissues of Lymnaea truncatula infested by Fasciola hepatica. When the snails are bred at 20 degrees C (uniform temperature), this reaction is maximum after five to seven weeks of infestation; afterwards the intensity of the reaction decreases until 10 weeks of infestation. This reaction also develops in snails bred at different temperatures (uniform temperatures of 25 degrees C or 16 degrees C, daily fluctuations from 4 degrees C to 18 degrees C). The maximum intensity of this reaction is chronologically delayed as the temperature goes down. The young snails infested after hatching do not show amebocytic reaction. When the infested snails fast for seven days the number of amebocytes rapidly decreases; these cells disappear from tissues from a snail fasting 14-35 days (depending on the snail organ). The significance of this amebocytic reaction is discussed. PMID- 7376701 TI - [Environmental hygiene. How the general practitioners can help the district medical officer]. PMID- 7376702 TI - [Latent cardiac insufficiency. Experimental digitalization with Lanitop and Lanitop mite. A study in general practice. 2. Experimental digitalization with Lanitop mite with regard to kidney function and serum glycoside concentration]. PMID- 7376700 TI - [Oxyfedrine in the therapy of coronary disease]. PMID- 7376704 TI - Dialysis and alcohol don't mix? PMID- 7376703 TI - [Treatment of hypertension in general practice. A multicenter study with Cardiotensin]. PMID- 7376706 TI - Initial diet for hyperlipidemia. PMID- 7376707 TI - Urologic injuries associated with penetrating wounds to the buttock. AB - The clinical syndrome of penetrating injuries to the buttocks at the Medical College of Virginia has been reviewed. This syndrome may present with a spectrum of injuries, from minor soft tissue damage to serious bowel, genitourinary, or vascular damage. Careful history and physical examination along with preliminary plan X rays and appropriate contrast radiographs should be performed. Additional diagnostic studies such as proctoscopy and cystoscopy are helpful when additional preoperative information is required. When retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal injury is suspected, prompt exploration with aggressive intraoperative management is recommended. PMID- 7376709 TI - "That is where the battles of the 1980s will be won or lost.". PMID- 7376708 TI - Acromio-clavicular separation masked by muscle spasm. AB - Weight-bearing views in suspected acromio-clavicular separation may be misleading if there is extensive spasm of the deltoid and trapezius muscles. The effect of this spasm may be lessened by strapping the weights to the wrist rather than having them hand-held. However, if there is strong clinical suspicion of an acromio-clavicular separation and the stress films, however taken, fail to reveal an upward displacement of the clavicle or widening of the joint space, the study should be repeated after infiltration of the acromio-clavicular joint with local anesthetic. PMID- 7376705 TI - Anorectal manometry for evaluating defecation disorders. AB - Anorectal manometry is a valuable tool in the differential diagnosis of disorders of defecation. While especially useful in differentiating between functional constipation and Hirschsprung's disease and thus reducing in many children the need for barium enema and rectal biopsy, anorectal manometry can be a practical adjunct in the diagnosis and management of patients of all ages with constipation and/or fecal soiling due to a wide range of congenital and acquired disease. PMID- 7376710 TI - [Pathogenesis of discoid lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7376712 TI - [Selective phototherapy of psoriasis patients]. PMID- 7376711 TI - [Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity and its isoenzymatic spectrum and pyruvic and lactic acids in psoriasis]. PMID- 7376715 TI - [Ultrastructural change in Tr. rubrum under griseofulvin exposure]. PMID- 7376713 TI - [Staphylococcal reagins and their role in the pathogenesis of pyoderma]. PMID- 7376716 TI - [Dermatization of the transitional labial fold and cheilitis in 1 patient]. PMID- 7376717 TI - [Effect of the immunodepressive preparation, batriden, on the course of experimental allergic dermatitis]. PMID- 7376714 TI - [Dynamics of the histomorphological skin changes in guinea pigs with contact dermatitis under glycyrrhetic acid and prednisolone treatment]. PMID- 7376718 TI - [Case of Lyell's syndrome]. PMID- 7376719 TI - [Acute contact allergic dermatitis as a consequence of using degmin]. PMID- 7376720 TI - [Cysteine and other thiol compound indices in foot mycoses]. PMID- 7376721 TI - [Fungi of the genus Candida in healthy persons]. PMID- 7376723 TI - [Generalized form of mycosis caused by T. rubrum in a 5-month-old infant]. PMID- 7376722 TI - [Method for the accelerated treatment of microsporosis of the scalp]. PMID- 7376724 TI - [Fulminating gangrene of the penis]. PMID- 7376725 TI - [Tabetic arthropathy]. PMID- 7376726 TI - [Pancreatic exocrine function indices and the functional state of the biliary system in children with neurodermatitis]. PMID- 7376727 TI - [Seminiferous tubule destruction and regeneration under repeated estrogen administration to rats and in seasonal testicular involution in European beavers and mink]. PMID- 7376728 TI - [Analysis of growth rhythms in young mink (Mustela vison Br.)]. PMID- 7376729 TI - [Experiment in the economic evaluation of the results of cellular specialization and integration in the development of multicellular organisms. The elements of bioeconomics]. PMID- 7376730 TI - The medical model and the objectives of health education. PMID- 7376731 TI - Peer groups help prevent dependence among youth in the Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 7376732 TI - An experimenta methodology for HE in teacher training. A baseline survey with reference to cancer. PMID- 7376733 TI - Employee fitness programmes: an expanding concept. PMID- 7376734 TI - Identifying educational needs of schoolchildren in a secondary school in Sao Paulo. PMID- 7376735 TI - A comparison of mass media effectiveness in HE. PMID- 7376736 TI - A behavioural guide for evaluating patient educators. PMID- 7376737 TI - Self-help and mutual aid. PMID- 7376739 TI - General formulas of the estimated likelihood ratio Y/X in the diagnosis of paternity of a deceased putative father. AB - When the putative father is dead his probable genotype, essential for estimate of likelihood ratio in the diagnosis of paternity, should be deduced from his relatives. In the present paper are described the general method for such deduction of probable genotype and the derivation of the formula of likelihood ratio. 10(4) examples of the diagnosis of paternity of deceased father are examined using a Monte Carlo method and the distributions of relative frequencies of log(Y/X) are calculated for the true father and non-father. These results indicate that the present method of estimation of Y/X from relatives is quite useful for the diagnosis of paternity of a deceased putative father. PMID- 7376738 TI - Postmortal diffusion of plasma albumin in rat brain. AB - After i.v. injection of Evans blue solution (EB), the postmortal diffusion of plasma albumin and its relationship to the postmortal interval (0 to 48 h) were studied in rat brain. A decrease in intravascular plasma albumin with increasing evidence of the same fraction in relation to the length of the postmortal interval was observed via diffuse EB fluorescence in the perivascular, periventricular, and subpial neuropil. Stained nerve cells and single endothelial cells were found grouped around individual vessels, particularly in the region of the basis encephali. The EB-fluorescent cells proved to be hyperchromatic when subsequently stained with cresyl violet; the nerve cells therefore were considered dark neurons. EB-fluorescent dark neurons were also found around the lesion in experiments involving postmortal traumatic damage of cerebral tissue. Since all EB-fluorescent nerve cells proved to the dark neurons, but not all dark neurons exhibited EB fluorescence, it was concluded that dark neurons possess a capacity for intensifying the absorption of plasma albumin. No fluorescence was demonstrated in control studies of cerebral tissue in which EB had not been injected. PMID- 7376740 TI - Diagnosis of paternity for cases without mother and without both mother and putative father based on blood group findings from the relatives. AB - Formulas of the estimated likelihood ratio Y/X are derived for cases without mother as well as those without both mother and putative father, by using blood group findings of their relatives. The distribution curves of the relative frequencies of log(Y/X) for these cases are calculated with respect to 10(4) families which are created by a Monte Carlo simulation. The extent of success in the paternity diagnosis is clarified by the statistical analysis based on these distribution curves. According to the above analysis, fairly high chance of success can be obtained in the diagnosis of such ambiguous cases without the plaintive mother and/or the putative father, if there relatives are alive. It is also concluded that the genetic information as to the parents of the deceased person increases the exclusion probability, whereas that as to the spouse and children increases the fraction of log(Y/X) greater than 1 for non-father, corresponding to the fraction where the Essen-Moller value is less than 9%. PMID- 7376741 TI - [Sudden unexpected death in papilloma of the choroid plexus of rare localization (author's transl)]. AB - A case of sudden unexpected death due to rare "ball valve"-type obstruction of the cerebral aqueduct is presented. PMID- 7376742 TI - [Cardiac contusion after traffic accident? (author's transl)]. AB - A 62-year-old driver died 5 h after a slight traffic accident under the clinical diagnosis of "contusion cordis" in spite of an emergency thoracotomy. The post mortem examination revealed no evidence of traumatic impact; death was attributed rather to stenosing coronary sclerosis with extensive coronary lesions and detachment of the parietal thrombuses. A causal connection in law could not be presumed; from the insurance point of view the role played by the accident, particularly in regard to the emotional excitement, was estimated at about 30%. PMID- 7376743 TI - [Isolated injuries of intestinal tract due to body maltreatment (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of fatal blunt abdominal trauma due to physical abuse are reported. Rupture of intestine and mesentery occurred after maltreatment by kick, battering, shaking, and throwing off on a mattress. The different mechanisms leading to these injuries are discussed. Small bowel lesions secondary to direct laceration are recognized to be more probable than due to indirect trauma. PMID- 7376744 TI - Fatal case of propoxyphene overdose. Morphological and toxicological findings. AB - The pathomorphological and toxicological findings of a case of fatal overdose of propoxyphene are reported. The chemico-toxicological findings revealed the presence of only one active substance that has been administered (in an amount of not less than 1.5 g dextropropoxyphene) in form of an analgesic tablet preparation (marketed under the trade name Dolo-Neurotrat), in which it represents the main active constituent. The most striking histological findings are the changes in the myocardium which are consistent with cardiotoxicity. It is suggested that an estimation of shock duration by means of pathomorphological findings in combination with toxicological and other data be utilised for survival time determination. PMID- 7376745 TI - Timing of cortical contusion. Correlation between histomorphologic alterations and post-traumatic interval. PMID- 7376746 TI - Distribution of Gc-subtypes in Western Germany (Dusseldorf region). AB - Gc-subtypes were determined by isoelectric focusing and immunofixation on samples from 1157 unrelated individuals. The frequency of the three genes was found to be Gc1S 0.5476, Gc1F 0.1561, Gc2 0.2963. A rare allele, GcVI, was observed. PMID- 7376747 TI - Myocardial lesions in hemorrhagic hypotension. AB - The myocardial alterations were investigated in dogs after hemorrhagic hypotension. Development of metabolic acidosis with increased lactate concentration was observed in all cases. Focal hemorrhages and hypoxic changes developed in the subendocarial region. Typical so-called zonal lesions were demonstrable in the mural myocardium of both ventricles. The hypoxia, increased level of catecholamines, metabolic disturbances, and probably cardiotoxic products may play a role in the pathomechanism. The alterations which are potentially reversible are transformed into irreversible damage only in most severe cases. The necrosis is of hypercontraction type, and is associated with rapid calcification and mononuclear cell infiltration. The morphologic changes may explain the circulatory disturbances of cardiac origin and may represent the basis of development of the low cardiac output syndrome in hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 7376748 TI - [Time periods for the issuance and extension of work incapacity passes]. PMID- 7376749 TI - [State of health of the sailing crew on motor ships plying the region of the Lena and northern Arctic Ocean]. PMID- 7376750 TI - [Use of sequential statistical analysis for the prognosis of pneumonia in infants in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 7376754 TI - [Influence of straw manuring on the qualitative properties of the organic soil substances of a Lehm-Braunschwarzerde (author's transl)]. AB - It is reported on the influence of a long-term field trial with straw manuring at different terms and different nitrogen fertilization steps on the qualitative properties of the organic soil substance. Straw manuring in autumn increased the carbon content in the soil. Increasing amounts of nitrogen intensified this effect. Straw manuring in spring only with simultaneously applied quantities of 100 and 200 kg N/ha, respectively, brought about an increased content of organic substances in soil. With straw manuring in autumn, fractionation of the organic substance in soil showed a smaller amount of humic acids. Increasing nitrogen addition reduced this amount still more than in the plots with straw manuring in spring. The quota of fulvic acids increased. Therefore, the higher content of organic substances, obtained with straw manuring in autumn, is based on an increase of the pre-stages of humic acids and non-humic matter. PMID- 7376753 TI - Influence of various phenolic compounds on Azotobacter. AB - All the phenolic compounds, viz., nitrophenol, hydroquinone, coumarin, and benzilic acid, inhibited the growth, polysaccharide production, respiration, and nitrogen fixation of different Azotobacter isolates in vitro. Both in the presence and absence of various phenolic compounds a direct correlation between the polysaccharide production and nitrogen fixation was observed. However, no such direct effect was observed with respect to respiration and nitrogen fixation in the Azotobacter isolates tested. PMID- 7376755 TI - [Contributions to the problem of microbially induced urea transformation in soil II. Influence of irrigation on the carriage and the effect of urease inhibitors (author's transl)]. AB - Inhibition of ureolysis by specific inhibitors presume at first efficiency of the chemical compound itself and at second the joint distribution of both the compounds in the soil. In model experiments it could be confirmed that some inhibitors were carried along with percolating water up to four centimeters, being efficacious in this range. Also for several formulations of urea with inhibitors a tendency of urea protection by the applied inhibitors from the surface up to a depth of 6 cm was established. PMID- 7376756 TI - Interaction between age of maize plants, environmental factors, and inoculum strength of Erwinia carotovora var. chrysanthemi on the extent of stalk rot incidence. AB - For optimum disease incidence and maximum mortality of maize plants, due to Erwinia carotovora var. chrysanthemi (Burkholder et al.) Dye, a temperature of 35 degrees C accompanied with 70 per cent humidity and inoculum potency of 2 x 10(8) cells/ml were essential for younger plants of 15 and 30 days of age. On the other hand, 45- and 60-day-old plants, due to acquisition of a certain degree of maturity, although responding and showing maximum disease symptoms at the same temperature of 35 degrees C, required a higher humidity of 90 per cent. A heavy dose of 4 x 10(8) cells/ml was needed for effectual disease response for 45- and 60-day-old and mature plants. PMID- 7376752 TI - The effect of thermophilic actinomycetes isolated from compost and animal manure on some strains of Salmonella and Shigella. AB - Several samples of compost and animal manure were taken from different localities. Eleven isolates of thermophilic actinomycetes were obtained. The morphological, cultural, and physiological properties as well as temperature relation of these isolates were carried out in some detail in order to classify and identify them. The 11 isolates were identified as follows: Thermoactinomyces vulgaris (2 strains), Streptomyces thermofuscus (5 strains) and Thermoactinomyces sacchari (3 strains). The antibacterial effect of these actinomycetes on the growth of some strains of Salmonella and Shigella was tested. Some of the Streptomyces had an effect on Salmonella. Thermoactinomyces vulgaris had no effect. Shigella strains were not affected. PMID- 7376757 TI - The effect of the herbicide atrazine on rhizosphere microflora of broad bean plants, infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. fabae and Rhizoctonia solani. AB - The effect of the herbicide atrazine on Fusarium oxysporum f. fabae and Rhizoctonia solani, the causative agents of wilt and rot, respectively, as well as rhizosphere microflora of broad bean plants was studied. The herbicide was applied at intervals of 30, 20, 10, and 0 days before sowing. Atrazine application reduced both densities and per cent of infection of these two pathogenic fungi, R. solani, however, was sensitive to atrazine itself, while F. oxysporum was affected by atrazine by-products. Rhizosphere flora, i.e., total microbial flora, actinomycetes, phosphate-dissolving bacteria, and fungal flora, were not affected by atrazine, but were deleteriously reduced by its by-products at early stages of plant growth. However, rhizosphere flora attained the normal levels after atrazine by-products had completely disappeared from soil (1 month after application), except for actinomycetes. Therefore, it is recommended to apply atrazine within 20 days before sowing for weed control as well as for controlling wilt and root rot infestations. PMID- 7376751 TI - [Scientific and technical progress and the prospects for the development of a regional therapeutic service]. PMID- 7376758 TI - [Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on the deoxyribonuclease activity of actinomycetes (author's transl)]. AB - The amount of the deoxyribonucleases produced by several Actinomyces species in a fluid medium varies considerably, depending on the type of the carbon and nitrogen sources added to the medium. Starch effects the enzyme biosynthesis most favourably of all tested carbon sources. The nitrates are more suitable as nitrogen sources than the ammonia compounds. Highest biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleases is observed on media containing organic nitrogen. Nutrient medium of optimum content may be found for each producer, ensuring maximum biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleases. PMID- 7376759 TI - [Concerning the term "zoonosis"]. AB - The term "zoonosis", for a long time widely used in medicine, but not in veterinary, is considered in a historical aspect. In accordance with the decision of WHO/FAO Joint Expert Committee on Zoonosis, this term denotes diseases and infections which are naturally spread due to contacts between vertebrate animals and man. The terms "anthropozoonosis" and "zooanthroposis", as well as their variants, proposed by some authors should be discarded. PMID- 7376760 TI - [Allomonas--a new group of microorganisms of the Vibrionaceae family. I. Research methods and preliminary results of differention from aeromonads and vibrios]. AB - The comparative study of 95 strains of Aeromonas, Plesiomonas and various Vibrio species by 49 characteristics (disregarding those common to all representatives of the Vibrionaceae family) allowed to distinguish a separate group of microorganisms differing from Aeromonas by 17 characteristics, from Plesiomonas by 13 characteristics and from Vibrio by 7 characteristics. The new microogranism was provisionally named Allomonas. The taxonomic study of the new microorganism continues. PMID- 7376763 TI - [Experience in teaching problems in public health protection on the territory of the USSR]. PMID- 7376762 TI - [Experience with the work of a department of epidemiology at a school for improving teachers' qualifications]. AB - The peculiarities of the methods of work with groups comprising heads of chairs, readers, assistants at the departament for improvement of qualification were characterized on the basis of summarized 10-year experience. The importance of the exchange of experience in teaching the subject at different institutes of our country was emphasized, as well as the importance of discussions on the most significant theoretical problems of epidemiology. PMID- 7376761 TI - [Convulsive syndrome activation in mice after administration of ADPT vaccine]. AB - The experimental model of chemical convulsions allowed to establish the fact that the death of mice immunized with adsorbed DPT vaccine was accelerated, in comparison with the control group, as a result of convulsive fits caused by the injection of thiosemicarbazide. Immunization with adsorbed DPT vaccine was also found to induce a qualitative change in convulsive fits. The fact that an increase in convulsive activity occurs in the animals immunized with absorbed DPT vaccine may be related to the appearance of some forms of convulsive states in children during the postvaccination period. PMID- 7376764 TI - [Importance of sanitary-antiepidemic measures in preventing staphylococcal infections in maternity hospitals]. AB - The results of the realization of antistaphylococcal measures in maternity hospitals, carried out under the guidance and control of the sanitary and epidemiological service, are presented. The sanitary and epidemiological station registered each case of staphylococcal infection in nursing mothers and infants and investigated its epidemiological aspects. The exposure of the causes responsible for the disease allowed to take up the necessary antiepidemic measures in due direction, thus preventing the spread of hospital infections. PMID- 7376765 TI - [Reaction of guinea pig splenic lymphoid tissue in ornithosis]. PMID- 7376766 TI - [First experience with total prostheses of the knee (author's transl)]. PMID- 7376767 TI - [On the problem of histochemistry and ultrahistochemistry of phosphatases in mature bone tissue (author's transl)]. PMID- 7376769 TI - [Indication of synovectomy of the knee joint in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7376768 TI - [Manus vara congenita (author's transl)]. PMID- 7376773 TI - [Results of timely treatment in typified patients inclined to postaccidental algoneurodystrophy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7376772 TI - [Isolated luxation of the fibular capitulum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7376774 TI - [Morphological picture of osteomalatic conditions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7376771 TI - [Problems and mistakes in treatment of fractures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7376770 TI - [Our experience with an operation according to McMurray in treatment of coxarthrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7376776 TI - [Myoelectrically-manipulated prostheses of the forearm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7376777 TI - Granulation tissue formation in zinc-treated rats. AB - Chronic zinc deficiency impairs would healing. It is not known if acute decrease of werum zinc ocdurring after trauma has the same negative effect. We have studied the effect of extra zinc supply in connection with trauma on granulation tissue formation in subcutaneously implanted polyvinyl sponges. Zinc given postoperatively had no effect on granulation tissue formation. Zinc administered also preoperatively resulted in higher amount of collagen by the fourth postoperative day but not later. This effect of zinc on the collagen content can be explained either by an increased collagen synthesis or by decreased collagen break down. The fact that zinc had no effect when given only postoperatively indicates that collagen synthesis is not affected. The demonstrated effect of zinc thus seems to be due to decreased collagen break down. PMID- 7376778 TI - Changes in serum calcitonin in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. AB - In order to study the influence of calcitonin as a calcium lowering factor during thyroid surgery, we measured calcitonin, calcium, parathyroid hormone, phosphate and alkaline phosphatases in serum of 10 euthyroid patients undergoing minor thyroid surgery. A significant increase was found in serum calcitonin during the first 48 hours postoperatively (p less than 0.01), as well as a transient decrease in serum calcium ( less than 0.01). Serum parathyroid hormone remained almost constant. The results suggest that the release of calcitonin from the traumatized thyroid tissue is the first step in the development of hypocalcaemia in patients undergoing thyroid surgery rather than an impairment of the parathyroid function. PMID- 7376775 TI - [Surgical treatment of injuries of the extension apparatus of the knee (author's transl)]. PMID- 7376780 TI - Selective proximal vagotomy without drainage in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. The results after a standardization of the surgical technique. A five-year follow up. AB - Selective proximal vagotomy without polyoroplasty has been shown to be a difficult operation to perform and some investigator have got a rather high frequency of recurrencies and operative complications. In an attempt to reduce the surgical failures a standardization of the operation has been undertaken. In the present material the long term results of a material operated upon with stardardized technique has been estimated. The operation resulted in a high reduction of the ability to secret acid. 90% of the patients had almost no side effects of the operation and 4.4% got a relapse. The relapses developed in patients with a negative postoperative insulin test. The prognostic value of the insulin test seems therefore doubtful. PMID- 7376779 TI - Total esophagectomy by right anterior thoracotomy and immediate esophageal reconstruction for carcinoma of the esophagus. AB - In the past 11 months we treated 12 cases of squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus with single-stage total esophagectomy via an anterior thoracotomy and esophageal reconstruction. The stomach was utilized as esophageal substitute in nine patients and the left colon in three, in whom stomach was not available. One patient died. The single fistula from the esophagogastric anastomosis closed spontaneously within two weeks. We believe total esophagectomy to be more successful than partial resection in squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The right anterior approach in the thorax permits two surgical teams to work simultaneously. As the patient is supine throughout the operation, the cervical, thoracic and abdominal approaches can be effectively checked. The operating time is also shortened. PMID- 7376781 TI - Cimetidine treatment of recurrent ulcer after vagotomy. AB - A retrospective evaluation of 16 patients with recurrent ulcer following vagotomy demonstrated that 75% were free from symptoms, and 40% had a healed ulcer after one month of cimetidine treatment (one gram per day). The ulcer recurrence, respectively persistance rate was high. After a median observation time of nine months, four patients were continuously free from symptoms, ten had been subjected to reoperation (of these two after an attempt at long-term treatment with cimetidine) and two were under long-term treatment with cimetidine. With the present state of knowledge an attempt can be made to treat the patients with recurrent ulcers after vagotomy with a cure of two to three months. Acid tests and control gastroscopy has some predictive value. PMID- 7376782 TI - Traumatic splenic rupture during 30 years. An analysis of 88 cases with special attention to delayed rupture. AB - Eighty-eight cases of splenic rupture in non-penetrating abdominal injury are analysed. An increasing frequency was seen during the 30-year period studied (1946--1975). Teenagers and young adults were the most affected age groups. A rising incidence of traffic accidents amd multiple iinjuries was noted. Mortality was 21%. All patients with an isolated splenic rupture survived. The complication rate was low. The high incidence of delayed splenic rupture in earlier reports seems to be more a refleciton of the diagnostic diffulties than an actual delayed rupture. We have put the splenic ruptures into minor immediate, major immediate, and delayed. Minor splenic rupture was seen in 20% of patients undergoing operation, major in 75%, and delayed in only 5%. Three of our patients were operated on with splenorrhaphy with an uneventful postoperative course. In minor splenic ruptures, especially in young patients, splenorrhaphy could be a possible way of treatment but more controlled studies are needed before firm recommendations can be made. PMID- 7376783 TI - Unusual indications for carotid artery surgery. AB - Nineteen patients with transient ischaemic attacks (TIA), selected from a series of 420 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy during the last 10 years were studied. All had one occluded and one stenosed internal carotid artery with neurological symptoms from the contralateral brain hemisphere in relation to the stenosis. Carotid endarterectomy was performed on the stenosed side utilizing temporary bypass with continuous bypass blood flow measurements. The mortality was 5%. In 14 of 16 patients the symptoms disappeared postoperatively. The cause of the patients symptoms was probable embolization from the stenosed carotid artery to the contralateral hemisphere or episodes of ischaemia due to haemodynamic importance of the stenosis. PMID- 7376784 TI - Clinical and laboratory findings in patients subjected to laparotomy for suspected acute appendicitis. AB - In a retrospective study, clinical and laboratory findings in 454 patients subjected to laparotomy for suspected acute appendicitis were evaluated. A normal appendix was found in 25% of the total series and was twice as common in female as in male patients. Perforated appendicitis was present in 8% of the series, most commonly in the youngest (less than 5 years) and the oldest (greater than 40 years) age groups. The incidence of severe appendicitis increased with the duration of the preoperative abdominal symptoms. Of the patients with a 'laboratory profile' including fever and leukocytosis, 44% had gangrenous or perferated appendicitis. Of those who additionally had elevated ESR (greater than 20 mm), 62% showed a gangernous or perforated appendicitis. The overall incidence of wound infection was 13.9%. Wound infection was closely related to the state of the appendix. The results thus indicated that patient's age, duration of abdominal symptoms and the 'laboratory profile' are important parameters for assessment of clinically suspected acute appendicitis. PMID- 7376785 TI - A possible relationship between serum transferrin, growth hormone secretion and height velocity in children. AB - Since transferrin (Tf) in vitro has a growth-promoting activity and is associated with NSILA properties, the aim of this work was to study in vivo the relationships between Tf, somatomedin activity (SM), growth hormone (GH) secretion, and height velocity in children. An iv infusion of ornithine hydrochloride was given to 23 controls; the induced rise of GH was accompanied by a simultaneous fall of SM (r = -0.711, P less than 0.001) and was preceded by a fall of Tf (r = -0.610, P less than 0.01). In 17 obese children SM was within the normal range, when Tf levels were higher and arginine-induced GH peaks lower than in the controls, and a negative correlation was found between Tf basal levels and GH peaks (r = -0.608, P less than 0.01). In 9 children with confirmed hypopituitarism the Tf levels were significantly lower than in the controls. In 14 children with confirmed or suspected hypopituitarism a single im injection of hGH (6 mg) failed to induce Tf variations over 24 h. In 39 of these children the height velocity was significantly correlated with Tf basal levels (r = 0.701, P less than 0.001). These data suggest that transferrin is involved in growth regulation, and that GH secretion is related to transferrin levels by a feed-back mechanism. PMID- 7376786 TI - Effect of acute and repeated administration of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) on growth hormone and prolactin secretion in man. AB - A single oral dose of 5 g gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) was given to 19 subjects and serial venous blood samples were obtained before and 3 h after drug administration. A placebo was administered to 18 subjects who served as controls. GABA caused a significant elevation of plasma growth hormone levels (P less than 0.001), but did not consistently alter plasma prolactin concentration since only 5 out of 15 subjects showed an increase of the hormone. Eight additional subjects were submitted to an insulin tolerance test before and after per os administration of 18 g GABA daily for 4 days. Protracted GABA treatment significantly blunted the response of growth hormone and enhanced that of prolactin to insulin hypoglycaemia (P less than 0.01). These results indicate that pharmacological doses of GABA affect growth hormone and prolactin secretion in man. The precise nature of GABA's effects as well as its mechanism of action remains to be clarified. PMID- 7376787 TI - Serum somatomedin activity measured as sulphation factor in peripheral, hepatic and renal veins in normal mongrel dogs: Early effects of intravenous injection of growth hormone. AB - The aim of this work was to study the early effects of an intravenous growth hormone (GH) injection on serum somatomedin (SM) activity in samples from peripheral (PV), hepatic (HV) and renal (RV) veins in dogs: 5 dogs were given one bovine growth hormone (bGH) injection, 1 dog was given 5 different doses of human growth hormone (hGH) and 6 control dogs were given saline. In bGH-treated dogs, a significant increase of SM activity occurred in the three vessels without difference between vessels. An early paradoxical decrease of serum somatomedin activity appeared in the dogs given more than 1.15 IU/kg. In the dog given hGH, the response of SM activity was significantly related to the hGH dose in the PV and not in the other vessels. These data seem to indicate that other sites than the liver and the kidney are involved in the production of GH-induced serum somatomedin activity. Following GH injection as well as in basal status, the liver may be implicated in the regulation of serum somatomedin activity. PMID- 7376788 TI - Effect of chronic intermittent immobilization stress on hypophyso-gonadal function of rats. PMID- 7376790 TI - Parathyroid hormone release from the perfused canine thyroid-parathyroid complex isolated in situ. AB - A model for direct measurement of hormone release from the canine parathyroid gland is described. The two separate thyroid-parathyroid gland complexes were isolated in situ and perfused independently using a synthetic medium with a welldefined concentration of ionized calcium (Ca++). The concentration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the effluent was measured by radioimmunoassay, using an antiserum to bovine PTH that cross-reacts with canine PTH. Displacement curves of dilutions of effluent samples were similar to those of bovine PTH (1-84). During infusion of 1.49 mmol/l Ca++ the PTH release was constant for more than 4 h. Variations in Ca++ from 1.56 to 1.15 or 2.15 mmol/l induced rapid and sustained stimulation or suppression of PTH release. The retained ability of the preparation was ascertained by recording the response to infusion of calcium free medium at the end of each experiment. PMID- 7376789 TI - The effects of iopodate on the serum iodothyronine pattern in normal subjects. AB - The ingestion by normal subjects of 3 g of sodium iopodate, which is widely used in routine oral cholecystography, resulted in significant decreases of serum total and free T3 to a nadir on day 4 which averaged 43% and 40%, respectively, below initial mean values. Total and free rT3 increased markedly to a peak on day 3, 244% and 189%, respectively, above initial mean values. Total and free T4 and free T4 index rose to a maximum on day 4, but these changes were not statistically significant. A marked TSH increase was also seen, most evident on day 3. All these changes reverted to baseline values by day 14 at a time when serum total iodide was still markedly elevated. It is concluded that the changes observed after iopodate were not due to alterations in serum binding proteins nor to an effect on thyroid gland by the large iodine component of iopodate, but were consistent with an effect on the peripheral metabolism of T4. Difficulty in interpreting routine thyroid function tests may occur for up to 14 days after oral cholecystography with iopodate. PMID- 7376791 TI - The effect of conception on the concentration of urinary oestrone-3-glucuronide, LH/hCG and pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide. AB - The concentrations of oestrone-3-glucuronide, LH/hCG and pregnanediol-3 alpha glucuronide have been measured in daily samples of early morning urine from 6 women throughout the normal ovarian cycle and from 5 subjects, who conceived during the period of study. In addition, the ratio of oestrone to pregnanediol glucuronide was calculate as an additional index of ovarian function. The results showed that the ratio during the follicular phase of the cycle was similar in both groups of women. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the groups in either the duration or intensity of the LH peak. Seven days later, however, the women who conceived excreted significantly higher amounts of oestrone-3-glucuronide (P less than 0.05) and 12 days after the LH peak the values for pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide and LH/hCG were also elevated (P less than 0.05). A defined increment, in the concentration of hCH (3 times the mean basal level) occurred 11 to 15 days after the peak of LH and appeared 3 to 5 days after the increased excretion of the steroid glucuronides. PMID- 7376792 TI - Interaction of dopaminergic and antiserotoninergic drugs in the control of prolactin and LH release in normal women. AB - Prolactin (Prl) release, both in the experimental animal and in man, is stimulated by serotonin (5HT) and inhibited by dopamine (DA). Data also suggest that LH release in the animal is stimulated by norepinephrine and inhibited by DA. The role of 5HT in the control of LH release is less clear. It would appear to stimulate episodic LH release and to inhibit the LH surge at the pro-oestrus in animals, but the effect of 5HT on LH release has not yet been evaluated in man. In the present paper we have studied the effect of various DA-ergic drugs (DA, iv l-dopa, po l-dopa and bromoergocriptine) and of two anti-5HT drugs, metergoline and methysergide, on Prl and LH release in normal women. DA-ergic drugs lowered plasma Prl and LH levels; anti-5HT drugs, at doses able to lower Prl levels, did not affect basal LH release nor the inhibiting effect of iv l dopa on LH release. These data indicate that DA inhibits both LH and Prl release in normal women, and that 5HT stimulates Prl release but is not involved in the regulation of LH secretion. The fact that, at variance to all the DA-ergic drugs used, the two anti-5HT drugs did not vary LH release, suggests that metergoline and methysergide are devoid of DA-ergic activity in man, at least at the doses able to inhibit Prl release. PMID- 7376793 TI - Glycine stimulated growth hormone release in man. AB - The influence of glycine, the simplest amino acid, on pituitary function has been investigated in the present study. Different doses (4, 8, or 12 g) of glycine were intravenously infused over 15 or 30 min in normal subjects. Serum levels of GH (growth hormone) and Prl (prolactin) were measured before and after the infusion, and also blood sugar levels were determined. The dose of 4 or 8 g glycine induced a significant increase in serum GH (P less than 0.05 or P less than 0.001, respectively); however, a more pronounced and significant increase in serum GH levels was observed after infusion at a dose of 12 g glycine (P less than 0.001). It was clearly observed that the dose-dependent GH release to intravenous glycine occurred in normal subjects. On the contrary, serum Prl level was not changed significantly, and blood sugar level was transiently, but significantly (P less than 0.05), increased after the infusion of 12 g glycine. The present data suggest that glycine might play an important role in the control of hypothalamic-pituitary function. PMID- 7376794 TI - Effects of propylthiouracil and relatively small doses of iodide on early phase treatment of hyperthyroidism. AB - In order to compare the acute effects of three methods of treatment in hyperthyroid patients with diffuse goitre, values of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) in serum, T3-resin uptake (T3-U), free thyroxine index (FT4I) and free triiodothyronine index (FT3I) were employed as thyroid function parameters. In iodide (I-) group given iodine (3 or 6 mg/day) as iodinated lecithine once daily, the parameters were reduced acutely within one week after the start of treatment, reaching a plateau during the next week. In contrast to the changes in I- group, the thyroid function was decreased gradually and consistently for two weeks in the propylthiouracil (PTU 300 mg/day) group. In PT1+I- (300 mg/PTU plus 3 or 6 mg/iodide/day) group, the parameters were reduced acutely and progressively for two weeks. These results indicate that PTU+I- therapy is much more effective than PTU or I- alone in early phase treatment of hyperthyroidism. Another new finding was that the thyroid function increased again during the later addition of PTU (300 mg/day) in the patients treated with I- (3 or 6 mg/day) for one or two weeks. The well-known escape phenomenon from iodide inhibition took place counteracted the effect of PTU. Since blocking of thyroidal secretion by I- is only transient while synthesis of T3 and T4 continues, leading to greater amount of hormone stored in the gland, the treatment of hyperthyroidism with I- alone is a risky procedure. PMID- 7376795 TI - Estimation of hormonal and non-hormonal iodine uptake from maternal milk in suckling rats. PMID- 7376796 TI - Metabolism of a new synthetic progestagen, Org 2969, in female volunteers. The distribution and excretion of radioactivity after an oral dose of the labelled drug. AB - The metabolism of a new synthetic progestagen, Org 2969 was studied in 4 healthy female volunteers. During the first part of the study (Phase I), the volunteers ingested 50 microgram (about 0.1 mCi) of [16-3H5Org 2969 together with 50 microgram of ethinyloestradiol as a single dose. During the second part of the study (Phase II), a 10-day pre-treatment with the same dosage of non-radioactive compound preceded the administration of the radioactive steroid. A peak level of total radioactivity, representing 3.16-5.02% of the dose given/l of serum, was achieved within 2-3 h in Phase I. During Phase II, the corresponding figures were 4.54-5.13% after 1.5-3 h. The difference was mainly due to an increase of freely extractable steroids during Phase II. The difference can at least partly be explained by assuming a change in the kinetics of the metabolism of Org 2969 by pre-treatment with Org 2969 and ethinyloestradiol. The mean recovery of radio activity in urine and faeces was 83.0%/48.1%/34.9% (total/urine/faeces) of the total dose in Phase I and 76.1%/45.2%/30.9% during Phase II. The differences in the total excretion and in the radioactivity excreted in the faeces were significant. PMID- 7376797 TI - Plasma concentrations of levonorgestrel as a function of the release rate of levonorgestrel from medicated intra-uterine devices. AB - An effort was made to achieve different levels of plasma levonorgestrel (13-ethyl 17 alpha-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-gon-4-en-3-one) (Ng) concentrations by the intra uterine admininistration of levonorgestrel-releasing intra-uterine devices (IUD). Three different models were designed to release different doses of Ng daily. Sixteen women volunteered for the study and had a Ng IUD inserted post menstrually. The effect of the IUDs on the ovulatory pattern was studied by measuring plasma concentration of oestradiol and progesterone by radioimmunoassay. Ng plasma concentrations were also measured by radioimmunoassay. In vitro experiments to measure the release of Ng from each type of device were carried out. Although some overlapping of mean plasma levels of Ng occurred during use of the three models of the IUDs, suppression of ovulation was clearly dose-dependent. Wide variations in plasma levels of Ng were seen between individuals but quite uniform plasma levels were seen in each subject for up to one year. IUDs where in vitro release rates were equivalent to each other also resulted in wide individual variations in plasma concentrations of Ng. PMID- 7376798 TI - Ketamine/diazepam infusion anaesthesia with special attention to the effect on cerebrospinal fluid pressure and arterial blood pressure. AB - Ketamine/diazepam solution was used as the only anaesthetic in 105 patients selected for neuroradiological examinations. A rapid intravenous injection, m ml/kg bodyweight, followed by continous drip infusion constituted the method used. No important side effects were seen, except psychotomimetic reactions in two cases. Cardiovascular disturbances were absent and no significant intracranial pressure rise occurred in nine patients examined. PMID- 7376800 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes in operating room personnel. AB - Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and sister chromatid exchange points (SCE points) were counted in lymphocytes in peripheral blood drawn from hospital personnel exposed to anesthetics as well as from persons not exposed. A total of 38 healthy persons were investigated, representing female nurse anaesthetists, male physicians practising anaesthesia, female nurses from the intensive care unit, and female secretaries. The mean SCE number per cell for each person was used as the variable, and the Mann-Whitney U-test was applied to test for differences between groups. The group of secretaries seemed to differ from the other three groups, which appeared identical (P less than 0.002). Correlation of cigarette smoking and number of SCE could not be demonstrated (r=0.255, n=38). It was concluded that by this method there was no indication of a mutagen effect of long-term exposure to waste anaesthetic gases such as halothane and nitrous oxide. PMID- 7376801 TI - The role of thiopental and fentanyl in the production of balanced anaesthesia. AB - In order to clarify the interactions between various doses of thiopental and fentanyl in producing "balanced anaesthesia", their effects on consciousness, superficial nociception, and respiration and circulation were studied during N2O+O2 inhalation in connection with the induction of anaesthesia. Altogether 60 patients were studied; the drug combinations used were thiopental 5 mg/kg (TP5), thipental 3 mg/kg (TP3), thiopental 3 mg/kg and fentanyl 0.5 micrograms/kg (TP3F0.5), thiopental 2 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 micrograms/kg (TP2F1), thiopental 1 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 micrograms/kg (TP1F2), and fentanyl 3 micrograms/kg (F3). Five minutes after the i.v. supplementation of N2O+O2 anaesthesia, the depth of anaesthesia and analgesia (antinociception) were evaluated from the eyelid reflex and by pinching an inguinal skin fold. Cardiorespiratory parameters were measured during this study period at 1-min intervals. The balance between antinociception and anaesthesia was closest to optimum in groups TP2F1 and TP2F0.5. In pure thiopental groups, the analgesia was poor; only four patients did not respond to the nociceptive stimulus, whereas in group F3 anaesthesia (disappearance of the eyelid reflex) was obtained in only two patients. The respiratory depression was most pronounced in groups receiving 3, 2 and 1 micrograms/kg fentanyl and weakest in groups where only thiopental was used. Blood pressure decreased in all groups but no statistically significant differences were noted. On the basis of the results it seems obvious that attempts to achieve what is called "balanced anaesthesia" by the supplementation of an N2O+O2 mixture with fentanyl only leads to an unnecessarily prnounced respiratory depression, whereas supplementation with thiopental alone does not offer adequate antinociception. PMID- 7376799 TI - Effects of thoracic epidural block and prenalterol on coronary vascular resistance and myocardial metabolism in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - A thoracic epidural block from T1 to T12 was performed with plain prilocaine in four patients with coronary artery disease who were scheduled for abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. The hemodynamic effects of the block consisted of marked reduction in arterial blood pressure due to impairment of cardiac performance and reduction in systemic vascular resistance. The heart rate decreased moderatetly. The epidural block induced a marked reduction in coronary vascular resistance with only a moderate decrease in coronary sinus blood flow. The myocardial oxygen and lactate utilization decreased in parallel to the decrease in cardiac work. In spite of the absence of arrhythmias and ST-T-segment changes following the epidural block, regional myocardial dysoxia could not be ruled out with the present methods. Administration of the cardioselective beta 1-adrenoreceptor agonist prenalterol increased cardiac performance and thereby arterial blood pressure, but did not affect the systemic or coronary vascular resistance. PMID- 7376802 TI - Calculation of the fresh gas flow requirements of the Hafnia A and D anaesthetic circuits. AB - Semi-closed anaesthetic circuits are converted into the corresponding Hafnia circuits by replacing the expiratory valve by a side tube connected to an ejector flowmeter. Theoretical analysis of the Hafnia A and D circuits revealed by the fresh gas flow requirements are dependent on the inspiration/expiration time ratio. Using a ratio of 1/1.2 and a sine-wave respiratory waveform, the minimal fresh gas requirements were calculated as 2.1 (Hafnia A) and 2.5 (Hafnia D) times the respiratory minute volume. The fresh gas requirements are identical with spontaneous or controlled ventilation. PMID- 7376803 TI - Influence of the Taurus radiowave blood warmer on human red cells. Hemolysis and erythrocyte ATP and 2,3 DPG concentrations following warming by radiowaves, microwaves and water bath. AB - The warming properties of the Taurus radiowave blood warmer were studied. The safety limits were the same as for microwave warming (Haemotherm). Hemolysis was noted in units with a hematocrit over 0.75 or containing less than 300 g of blood. The effects of radiowave, microwave and water bath warming on the erythrocyte ATP and 2,3 DPG concentrations were compared. Statistically highly significant differences were found between all these methods. Warming of blood in a +35 degrees C water bath for 3 min had no effect on these parameters. There was, however, a tendency for ATP and 2,3 DPG levels to decrease after 60 min water bath incubation (+37 and +45 degrees C), but to increase levels following electromagnetic warming depending on the age of the warmed erythrocytes. Thus, electromagnetic radiation appeared to influence the red cell metabolism, which cannot be explained by the effect of temperature alone. PMID- 7376804 TI - Hemodynamic and cardiometabolic effects of prenalterol in patients with gram negative septic shock. AB - The hemodynamic effects of prenalterol, a new inotropic agent, were investigated in 10 patients with gram negative septic shock. In four of the patients, coronary sinus blood flow (CSF) and myocardial oxygen and lactate extraction were also determined. After baseline hemodynamic measurements, prenalterol was infused intravenously over a 10-min period to a total dose of 150 micrograms/kg. All patients responded within 15 min after completion of prenalterol infusion by increasing mean arterial pressure from 57 +/- 11 to 75 +/- 20 mmHg (7.58 +/- 46 to 9.97 +/- 2.66 kPa), (+32%), (P less than 0.01) and cardiac index from 2.65 +/- 0.40 to 3.80 +/- 0.47 1.min-1.m-2, (+44%) (P less than 0.001). There was no change in heart rate or systemic vascular resistance, nor were any arrhythmias recorded. The urinary output increased significantly. After prenalterol, CSF increased from 185 +/- 14 to 246 +/- 14 ml.min-1, (+33%), (P less than 0.001) and myocardial oxygen and lactate extraction rose from 19.8 +/- 2.1 to 26.6 +/- 2.1 ml O2.min-1, (+34%) (P less than 0.001) and from 33.2 +/- 2.3 to 44.7 +/- 2.1 mumol.min-1, (+35%), (P less than 0.001), respectively. The total body oxygen consumption increased from 287 +/- 13 to 348 +/- 23 ml O2.min-1, (+21%), (P less than 0.01) and the arterial lactate concentration decreased from 5.61+/- 0.55 to 3.94 +/- 0.16 mmol.l-1, (-30%), (P less than 0.01), suggesting improved tissue perfusion. The results demonstrate that prenalterol is a potent, highly selective inotropic agent inducing the same magnitude of increase in blood pressure and cardiac output as reported for dopamine in septic shock. PMID- 7376805 TI - Hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction: effects of fentanyl following different routes of administration. AB - Recent investigations have revealed that intravenous anesthetics, including fentanyl, do not reduce the pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to alveolar hypoxia. In contrast, the response is markedly reduced or abolished by inhalation anesthetics. Recent investigations have demonstrated that the route of administration is of importance. Halothane, which inhibits the response when administered via the airways, behaves more like an intravenous anesthetic following administration via the blood stream, provided the alveolar concentration has been kept low (Bjertnaes et al. 1977). It was therefore a distinct possibility that the lack of any damping effect of fentanyl on the response could be due to the route of administration rather than to a different pharmacological property. We have tested this hypothesis by introducing fentanyl in nebulized form via the airways in one group of isolated rat lungs, and via the blood stream in another group. We found, however, no effect of fentanyl on the pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to hypoxia, regardless of the route of administration. Plasma concentrations of fentanyl were determined by radioimmunoassay and compared with those encountered in anesthetic practice. PMID- 7376806 TI - Immediate hemodynamic effect of pharmacological doses of methylprednisolone in dogs, and the influence of speed of injection. AB - Reports of sudden death of patients during i.v. administration of methylprednisolone (M.P.) prompted the present study of the hemodynamic effect of M.P. given i.v. to dogs. Fifteen healthy, mongrel dogs were anesthetized with thiomebumal, fentanyl, droperidol, pancuronium and N2O/O2. With ventilation and circulation in steady state, M.P. 30 mg/kg b.w. was given i.v. either as a push bolus (n=7) or over a 5-min period (n=8). In the bolus group, mean aortic pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) had decreased to 72 and 60%, respectively, 1 min after the start of the steroid injection, while heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) and left ventricular work (LVW) had not changed significantly. In the 5-min group, the HR increased by 23%, while the other parameters were unchanged during the injection period. Within 5 min after the termination of the steroid injection all hemodynamic parameters had returned to pre-injection levels in both groups. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, protein and calcium in serum were unchanged in both groups during the injection period and in the following 15 min. A significant, transient fall in ionized calcium was observed in all six dogs in which this ion was measured. It was concluded that rapid i.v. injection of pharmacological doses of M.P. in hemodynamically stable, anesthetized dogs causes immediate, transient decreases in SVR and MAP. The mechanisms may be an alpha adrenergic blocking action or a direct effect on the muscles in the peripheral vessels, combined with a negative inotropic effect on the myocardium, possibly mediated through an impeded calcium release. PMID- 7376810 TI - Os orbitale. AB - 1,276 adult Indian skulls were examined through the orbit to see the incidence of supernumerary ossicles. Only one skull showed the presence of a supernumerary ossicle in the roof of the orbit (0.8%)--the os orbitale. PMID- 7376809 TI - Transitory cell attachments in the differentiating glomerular epithelium of the opossum metanephros. AB - Numerous transitory intercellular attachments are observed between the central, lateral surfaces of adjacent glomerular epithelial cells in the differentiating renal corpuscle. The junctions are characterized by an increased electron density of the adjacent cell membranes and cytoplasm. The intervening intercellular space may contain an amorphous material of moderate electron density. The distribution and position of such temporary cell attachments, together with their modification and subsequent loss during the differentiation of podocytes, suggest that they play an important role in the histogenesis of the glomerular epithelium. PMID- 7376807 TI - Do nitrous oxide and lidocaine modify the blood-brain barrier in acute hypertension in the rat? AB - Acute hypertension was induced by adrenaline or bicuculline in rats mechanically ventilated with 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen, in unrestrained rats breathing the same gas mixture, and in conscious unrestrained rats breathing air. The unrestrained rats had permanent indwelling catheters in the aorta and in one jugular vein. Three minutes after the pressure rise the rats were killed and the brains perfused in situ with saline. The protein leakage into the brain was studied with Evans blue-albumin and 125IHSA (human serum albumin). The extravasation of 125IHSA in unrestrained rats breathing nitrous oxide was higher than in rats breathing air after injection of bicuculline, but the difference was not statistically significant. Lidocaine significantly decreased the protein leakage in both conscious and anaesthetized rats. It is concluded that not only the vascular tone but also endothelial cell membrane properties can influence the hypertensive blood-brain barrier dysfunction. PMID- 7376808 TI - Effects of nitrous oxide on systolic time intervals. AB - The effects of inhalation of oxygen, nitrous oxide/oxygen and nitrous oxide/nitrogen/oxygen on systolic time intervals (PEP (pre-ejection period) and LVET (left ventricular ejection time) were investigated in eight healthy persons. Nitrous oxide 40%, administered with oxygen or oxygen/nitrogen, prolonged PEP significantly by 25% and 22%, respectively. Inhalation of oxygen also prolonged PEP but to a significantly minor degree. LVET, heart rate and MAP were unchanged during the experiments. Derivatives from the systolic time intervals, i.e. PEP/LVET, I/PEP2 and ejection fraction changed significantly in the nitrous oxide groups. It is concluded that nitrous oxide depresses cardiac performance, to some degree, even when administered at a rather low concentration. PMID- 7376811 TI - Light- and electron-microscopic study of the near-term paraplacenta of the domestic cat. I. Polar zone and paraplacental junctional areas. AB - The entire chorioallantoic paraplacenta of the near-term domestic cat shows cytological evidence of maternal-fetal substance transfer, but there are probably qualitative and quantitative differences and increased transfer progressing from the poles to the placental border. In the interfetal polar zone, the cytotrophoblast remains proliferative, is squamous to columnar and shows only a small amount of pinocytotic activity. However, in the adjacent ring of the free polar zone, where the trophoblast is cuboidal or columnar and loosely apposed to the endometrium, material of uterine origin (histotroph) appears to be transferred from the columnar uterine surface epithelium to the trophoblast. The remaining paraplacenta extends from the polar zone to the girdle, forming an extravasate zone that is composed of hematomal areas containing extravasates of maternal blood, and interposed relatively unmodified paraplacental junctional areas. The trophoblast in this hematomal area is columnar and constitutes chorionic villi which face a surface formed by maternal symplasma, degenerative uterine tissue, and disintegrating blood, thus providing 'histolytic' and 'hemolytic' embryotroph to this hemophagous cytotrophoblast. When the junctional area is just forming, a cuboidal cytotrophoblast consisting of resting cells, opposite to the endometrial folds, appears to have both the capacity for digestion and transformation. However, during the recessive junctional stage, this cytotrophoblast is proliferative and absorptive only. Both sources of cuboidal trophoblast may give rise to syncytial trophoblast, which is presumably the invasive form that erodes the uterine tissue, including the interstitial layer and maternal endothelium. As long as there is firm junction of the fetal and maternal tissues, there appears to be a transfer of secretion products to form embryotroph. However, with the regression of the junctional area more products of cell breakdown (histolytic products) are absorbed by the cuboidal cytotrophoblast in the chorionic fossae. PMID- 7376815 TI - Histology of the camel eye. AB - The camel eye shows some distinct features such as a pigmented peripheral cornea, a remarkably thickened Descement membrane, and endothelial-lined pectinate ligament, a cleft ciliary body, long ciliary processes, a horizontally oval pupil with well-developed corpora nigra and a holangiotic retina. Some of these are characteristic of horses, cattle and sheep, whereas others are more commonly found in lower mammals such as the rabbit. The reason for this staggered evolution in the development of the camel eye remains obscure. PMID- 7376812 TI - Light- and electron-microscopic study of the near-term paraplacenta of the domestic cat. II. Paraplacental hematoma. AB - In the near-term paraplacental extravasate zone of the domestic cat, which includes paraplacental junctional areas and marginal hematomas, the uterine epithelium becomes highly proliferative, especially on the folds or protrusions, This hyperplastic surface and the adjacent connective tissue become symplasmic, degenerate and eroded, eventually resulting in maternal vascular breakdown. The uterine lumen thus contains maternal blood in addition to sloughed uterine cells. The adjacent cytotrophoblast apparently phagocytoses and ingests this material. Various stages of phagolysosomes containing erythrocytes of variable density are seen in these cells, as are myelin-like structures, ferritin, glucogen and lipid droplets. Crystalloid iron deposits are seen in the basal lamina and connective tissue subjacent to the hemophagous cytotrophoblast. PMID- 7376813 TI - Uptake of ions in neural crest derivatives of the small intestine of rats during active transport of calcium. AB - In the uptake of Ca++ ions in the neural crest derivatives of the small intestine of rats during active transport of calcium, the neural crest derivatives and mast cells of senescent rat small intestine, incubated at 45 degrees C, showed elevated uptake of CA++ ions and increased cell death compared to younger rats. PMID- 7376814 TI - Intrinsic innervation of the urinary bladder. AB - The intrinsic innervation of the urinary bladder of the cat was studied with the aid of total extrinsic denervation (L7, S1, S2, S3 and the first coccygeal spinal nerves were transected and the hypogastric ganglia were extirpated on both sides); the materials were studied by electron microscopy. Several synapses could be observed between nerve processes and perikarya and between two adjacent nerve processes. The terminals could be classified into four groups according to the existence of a dense core and according to the size of the synaptic vesicles; the first group is made up of small clear vesicles; the second group of terminals contains some large granulated vesicles in addition to a few small clear vesicles; the third group of terminals contains small granulated vesicles and in the fourth type of terminals, large, 150- to 250-nm 'peptiderg' vesicles could be observed. The latter type of terminals was always observed in postsynaptic situation. Spine synapses could also be found in the ureterovesical ganglia. Several desmosome-liek attachments also could be observed between the nerve processes and perikaraya and between two nerve fibers. Up to three different types of nerve fibers have been observed on the same neuron. These morphological results suggest that the ureterovesical junction should be considered a single functional unit which plays an important role in coordinating the function of the bladder; further local circuits might exist in the urinary bladder wall. PMID- 7376816 TI - Effect of alpha, alpha'-dipyridyle on the testicular parenchyma of the rat. AB - Treatment with an iron-chelating substance (alpha, alpha'-dipyridyle) provokes alterations in the seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue of rat testicular parenchyma. The action of the drug seems to be dependent neither on the dose nor on the duration of the treatment. The effects of the drug appear in the testicular parenchyma according to a centripetal course either in the whole gonad or in the tubule. Because the alterations of the testicular parenchyma occur at the first treatments the reaction of the tissue cannot be ascribed to an intoxication effect of the drug. The interstitital cells of the testicular parenchyma show greater resistance to the action of dipyridyle than the seminal epithelial cells. PMID- 7376817 TI - Influence of tetracycline on the calcification of epiphyseal rat cartilage. Transmission and scanning electron-microscopic studies. AB - Tetracyclines are known to interfere with bone calcification. We therefore studied their effects on matrix vesicle production and initial calcification of cartilage. 15-day-old rats were injected intraperitoneally with oxytetracycline 100 mg/kg, 6 consecutive injections every 12 h. Epiphyseal plates were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and compared to light microscopy findings. It was found that high doses of tetracyclines cause degeneration of the chondrocytes in the proliferating and hypertrophic zones. Chondrocytes had short processes with only few matrix vesicles covering their surface. In the chondrocytic lacunae of the longitudinal septa of hypertrophic and calcifying cartilage there were fewer matrix vesicles as compared to controls, and their ability to aggregate and form mineralized calcospherites was impaired. This was further proven when bones were immersed in 7% NaOCl or ashed, as minerals containing calcospherites were hardly seen. It is therefore presumed that interference with intracellular and probably extracellular accumulation of calcium by tetracycline might inhibit matrix vesicle production and aggregation, thus inhibiting calcification. PMID- 7376820 TI - Cerebral blood flow, haematocrit and viscosity in subjects with a high oxygen affinity haemoglobin variant. AB - The cerebral blood flow is low in primary polycythaemia, and it has been suggested that this is due to the increase in viscosity which accompanies the elevated haematocrit. In the present study cerebral blood flow has been measured by a non-invasive 133Xenon technique in six subjects with an elevated haematocrit secondary to a haemoglobin variant with increased oxygen affinity. Flow was significantly higher than normal and 81% higher than in 11 subjects of comparable age, matched for haematocrit and viscosity, but without the haemoglobin variant. In patients with this unusual type of polycythaemia, cerebral blood flow is high despite the elevated blood viscosity and the implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 7376819 TI - Viscosity, cerebral blood flow and haematocrit in patients with paraproteinaemia. AB - It has been suggested that blood viscosity is involved in the control of cerebral blood flow (CBF) (Thomas et al. 1977a, b, Humphrey et al. 1979). CBF, using the intravenous Xenon133 technique, blood viscosity and haematocrit were measured in 21 patients with elevated viscosity due to paraproteinaemia and found to be the same as in normal subjects. However, the paraproteinaemic patients were anaemic with a mean haematocrit of 0.342. This degree of anaemia would normally be associated with a high CBF. The paraproteinaemic patients were then compared with a group of 10 anaemic patients with matched haematocrits but without paraprotein bands. The whole blood and plasma viscosities were significantly higher in the paraproteinaemic patients and the CBF was significantly lower. The haematocrit, and therefore oxygen carriage, was similar in the two groups. It is likely that in the anaemia of paraproteinaemia the expected increase in CBF did not occur because of the limiting factor of increased viscosity. This suggests that in this instance viscosity rather than oxygen carriage is a major determinant in the control of CBF. This is further emphasized by the better correlation between CBF and blood viscosity than between CBF and haematocrit. It seems likely that viscosity and oxygen carriage are independent variables in the control of CBF. PMID- 7376818 TI - Microscopic study of the mucification of vaginal epithelium in immature and prepuberal rats. Changes with age, castration and hormone replacement, and data on the ultrastructure of the luminal glycocalyx. PMID- 7376823 TI - Multiple sclerosis and distemper in Iceland 1966-1978. AB - A highly restricted epidemic of canine distemper occurred in southwest Iceland in 1966-67. We have determined the extent of dog contact and exposure to dogs during the distemper epidemic in Icelandic MS patients with onset since 1966. Further, age of onset, and annual incidence of MS from 1966 through 1978 have been determined. Thirty-five of 36 MS patients had close dog contact prior to onset of their illness, and 34 were in the area of the distemper epidemic during 1966-67. A significant decrease in age of onset of MS (31.6 to 26.5) from 1956-1965 to 1967-1978 was noted, consistent with exposure of a susceptible cohort to a point infection with a varible incubation period. A review of incidence of MS in the 10 year periods after distemper epidemics in Iceland in 1921-1922, and 1941-1942 reveal significantly more MS than in comparable time periods before these epidemics. These collective findings are consistent with, but do not prove, a relationship between dogs, distemper and MS. PMID- 7376822 TI - Epilepsy and other factors in the prognosis of gliomas. AB - A study of 95 patients with gliomas has been made. The 50% survival was 15 months after the first symptom. At the time of presentation all patients had an abnormal brain scan and E.E.G. except some of those who presented with epilepsy. The patients with epilepsy had a significantly better prognosis than those without and this was not due to their having less malignant tumours according to histological appearance. Other factors which were associated with significantly longer survival were a younger age at presentation, partial removal of the tumour rather than biopsy or no operation, lower histological grades of tumour and treatment with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. PMID- 7376821 TI - Electromyographic and nerve conduction findings in a patient with neuromyotonia, normocalcemic tetany and small-cell lung cancer. AB - A 57-year-old man with neuromyotonia and normocalcemic tetany as probable paraneoplastic symptoms of small-cell lung cancer was examined neurophysiologically. In EMG, spontaneous action potential generation was demonstrated in peripheral motor axons. There were also time-locked high frequency discharges after some voluntarily activated motor unit potentials. After electrical stimulation of motor axons, the M-response as well as spinal F response or H-reflex was often followed by a sequence of oscillating potentials which could last several hundred msec. There was no evident peripheral polyneuropathy. Tetany subsided when carbamazepine therapy was started. The only striking abnormality in extensive laboratory studies was an increase in the plasma noradrenaline value. PMID- 7376824 TI - In vivo demyelination by antimyelin antibodies. AB - Central nervous system (CNS) myelin-specific antiserum was capable of initiating primary demyelination within 24 h following injection into the dorsal column of guinea pig spinal cord. Control serum injected in the same manner did not produce demyelination. The demyelinating lesions occurred as focal linear plaques of completely denuded intact axons surrounded by partially demyelinated and myelinated normal axons. Antiserum-mediated demyelination was followed by mononuclear cell infiltration 7-10 days later. Ultrastructural examination revealed vesiculation of myelin followed by cleavage of myelin lamellae at the intraperiod line. Remyelination began between 7 and 10 days following injection and correlated well with clinical evidence of recovery. The results of this study point to the importance of circulating antimyelin antibodies in the pathogenesis of demyelinating encephalitis. The model represents an in vivo approach to the study of the pathogenesis of immune-mediated myelinolysis in demyelinating disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS), subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), and canine distemper encephalitis (CDE). PMID- 7376826 TI - Hypotensive brain stem necrosis or cardiac arrest encephalopathy? AB - Selective symmetrical necroses of many tegmental brain stem nuclei including motor cranial nerve nuclei, superior and inferior colliculi, cuneate and gracilis nuclei, and others are known as hypotensive brain stem necrosis (Gilles 1969). We found such lesions in eight infants and seven adults. Examination of their clinical records revealed a well documented episode of cardiac arrest in each case. Cardiac output was restored in all but one patient 5 min to 4 h after the beginning of resuscitation. All patients remained comatose in a decerebrate state up to their death 17 h to 4 weeks after admission. Our findings and a review of the literature indicate that this type of lesion relates specifically to cardiac arrest. The term "hypotensive brain stem necrosis"is a misnomer and should be replaced by the term "cardiac arrest encephalopathy". PMID- 7376825 TI - Intranuclear aluminum content in Alzheimer's disease, dialysis encephalopathy, and experimental aluminum encephalopathy. AB - Nuclear and chromatin fractions were prepared from cerebral cortex of 34 human and 37 animal brains. Chromatin was separated into a heavy heterochromatin fraction and two euchromatin fractions: intermediate euchromatin and light euchromatin. Compared to age-matched controls, aluminum content expressed per gram of DNA was significantly increased in nuclear and heterochromatin fractions in pre-senile Alzheimer's disease. In contrast nuclear preparations from brains of patients who had died with dialysis encephalopathy contained less aluminum than controls, although whole tissue concentrations were elevated ten to fifteen times above the control concentrations. Direct injection of aluminum into the cerebrospinal fluid of cats resulted in a progressive encephalopathy with neurofibrillary degeneration and increased intranuclear aluminum content. It is speculated that in Alzheimer's disease the normal blood-brain and cytoplasmic barriers for this neurotoxic metal are defective permitting aluminum to gain access to DNA-containing constitutents of the nuclei. PMID- 7376827 TI - Encephalopathy with Rosenthal fibre formation in a sheep. AB - In the brain of a 4-year-old ewe extensive Rosenthal fiber (RF) formation was found in a subpial and subependymal location and in particular in the cerebellar white matter. Here, the RFs were concentrated around blood vessels, and there was diffuse myelin rarefaction. The animal had given birth to two lambs, which were still healthy at the age of 3 weeks when their mother died after a short illness with astasia and alternating states of somnolence and hyperexcitability. PMID- 7376828 TI - Nascent microglia in the developing brain. AB - Nascent microglia cells in the developing brain were studied by morphological, cytochemical, and autoradiographic methods. These cells are a well differentiated population, characterized by the presence of an activated nucleus, numerous ribosomes, a well developed Golgi system and associated structures including clear vesicles, dense granules, and membrane-bound polymorphous structures. Big clear vacuoles in the cytoplasm are a constant feature; filaments and microtubules are found in variable numbers. Finger-like projections and invaginations of the plasma membrane are usually found. The identification of these cells with the classical microglial cells stained by Rio Hortega's method was made by reconstruction of 20 cells using serial sections. These cells show strong NADPH dehydrogenase, ATPase, and acid phosphatase activities, in addition to nonspecific esterase activity which is inhibited by sodium fluoride. Transfusion of labeled bone marrow cells from a donor showed labeled cells only in those areas in which nascent microglia cells are more abundant. Taken together, these data suggest an exogenous, most probably monocytic, origin of nascent microglia. New studies with membrane markers are, however, needed for providing better characterization of these cells. PMID- 7376830 TI - Dense core vesicles in the desmoplastic variant of cerebral neuroblastoma. AB - A desmoplastic primary cerebral neuroblastoma originating in the frontal lobe of a boy who died at the age of 6 years contained dense core vesicles within the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells as evidence of neuronal differentiation. Sarcomatous transformation had occurred at the time of recurrence. At autopsy, he also had cerebrospinal and extraneural metastases. PMID- 7376829 TI - Reactive microglia in the developing brain. AB - Reactive microglia in the developing brain after stab wound was studied by morphological, cytochemical, and autoradiographic methods. Morphologically, early reactive cells are of the "M" cell type (Matthews 1974). They show an activated nucleus, cytoplasm rich in ribosomes with wide Golgi complex and variable numbers of lipid inclusions. Big clear vacuoles are found in many of these cells. Microtubules not associated with centrioles and filaments may or may not be present. Junctional complexes of the zonula or puncta adherentia types are occasionally found. Strong NADPH dehydrogenase, weak NADH dehydrogenase, strong ATPase, and strong acid phosphatase, in addition to nonspecific esterase activities were demonstrated in many reactive cells. Intravenous infusion of labelled bone marrow cells from a donor showed labelled macrophages and labelled perivascular cells at the site of injury. Intracerebral injection of a small dose of tritiated thymidine at the time of injury resulted in the appearance of labelled macrophages in the following days. These data suggest that many of the reactive cells have an exogenous, more probably monocytic, origin; but a certain amount of endogenous cells also act as macrophages in brain injuries. PMID- 7376831 TI - Enzyme replacement treatment for Tay-Sachs disease brain cells in culture utilizing concanavalin A-mediated hexosaminidase A uptake: biochemical and morphological evidence of GM2 mobilization. AB - When Concanavalin A (Con A) is bound to the cell membrane, it functions as an artificial enzyme receptor, mediating the binding and intracellular incorporation of significant amounts of exogenous hexosaminidase A (Hex A) into Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) glia cells. The treated cells retained almost 50% of incorporated Hex A activity after 3 days incubation in Hex A free medium. Hex A was released from Con A within the cell and was available as free enzyme. Biochemical analysis of gangliosides in Con A and Hex A treated cells depicted a greater than 50% reduction in stored GM2 ganglioside and a fourfold reduction in GM2 label (14C) when compared to controls. Ultrastructural evidence of GM2 breakdown is presented which supports the biochemical and labeling studies. PMID- 7376832 TI - Determination of the vitality of the femoral head with 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate scintigraphy. AB - A series of 14 patients who for various reasons were scheduled for total hip replacement were investigated. 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate scintigraphy and tetracycline labelling of the bone structure was performed prior to surgery, and subsequently the femoral heads were submitted to histological evaluation on decalcified as well as non-decalcified slides. The evaluation of the scintigraphs was performed by a specialist in nuclear medicine and the histological slides were evaluated by a pathologist, in both cases without reference to the radiological findings or the clinical history. The scintigraphic evaluations of the vitality of the femoral head were in all cases verified by the histological examination, whereas the radiological findings in three cases failed to demonstrate that a femoral head necrosis actually was present. From this study it can be concluded that 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate scintigraphy is an excellent method of assessing bone vitality in the femoral head. PMID- 7376834 TI - Femoral neck fractures. 165 cases treated by multiple percutaneous pinning. AB - A prospective series of 165 displaced subcapital fractures of the femoral neck treated with reduction and percutaneous multiple pinning is presented. The method offers the advantages of a short operating time, no loss of blood, immediate weight-bearing and no infection problems. Furthermore the operative procedure can be performed under local anaesthesia. In Garden stage 3 fractures union occurred in 97 per cent and late segmental collapse in 8 per cent. In Garden stage 4 fractures union occurred in 72 per cent and late segmental collapse in 14 per cent. Failures were almost exclusively encountered in the group of poorly reduced fractures which had a failure rate of 77 per cent. In the case of non-union 75 per cent of the patients needed a secondary hip replacement whereas only 16 per cent of the patients with late segmental collapse had received an arthroplasty at the time of the follow-up. PMID- 7376835 TI - Replacement with the Christiansen endoprosthesis in acute femoral neck fractures. A 5 year follow-up study. AB - Patients with acute femoral neck fractures, treated with prosthetic replacement (Christiansen's trunnion bearing endoprosthesis), were followed up at 15 months and again at 67 months postoperatively, and the results of the two examinations have been compared. The patients' personal opinion of the results of the operation did not change between the time of the first and second follow-up examinations. However, the objective results showed a deterioration in function (according to Stinchfield's hip assessment scheme) with increasing follow-up time. This deterioration in rating was mostly caused by reduced walking ability. X-ray study of the hips showed an increasing frequency of acetabular protrusion, and settling and loosening of the prosthetic stem. No clear correlation between X ray findings and clinical results could be found. We conclude that the serviceability of the prosthetic operation is apparently good despite the objective evidence of progressive deterioration both in the grading of the results and in the X-ray findings. PMID- 7376836 TI - Mechanical strength of Jewett and McLaughlin hip nail plates manufactured from cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy. A biomechanical study of unstable trochanteric fractures. IV. AB - Jewett and McLaughlin hip nail plates were mechanically tested, and the mode of failure of both types of implants are described and discussed in this communication. Mechanical problems at the nail plate junction in the present design of the McLaughlin implant seem to make it unsuitable for internal fixation of unstable trochanteric fractures, but Jewett nail plates with angles of 125 degrees or 135 degrees can be recommended for this purpose. PMID- 7376837 TI - Mortality and life expectancy after hip fractures. AB - Follow-up data for at least 4 years was collected for 675 patients treated for hip fractures in the period 1961--1970. Compared with a series from the same hospital for the years 1948--1957 the number of patients had more than doubled and a higher hospital mortality was encountered, but the 4-year survival rate was unchanged. The mortality after hip fracture was found to be related to the age and sex of the patient and to the nature and number of associated diseases. The mortality rate was found to be high in the first 2 months following the fracture, but patients surviving the second month showed no excess mortality during the following 4 years, having the same life expectancy as the general population. PMID- 7376839 TI - The Lauge Hansen classification of malleolar fractures. AB - A total of 488 fractures of the ankle are described and classified into types and stages according to Lauge Hansen (1942). The classification was partly based on operative findings. The type division was: supination-eversion fractures 57.4 per cent, supination fractures 20.1 per cent, pronation and pronation-eversion fractures 20.1 per cent and pronation-dorsiflexion fractures 0.4 per cent. A small percentage of the fractures (1.2) could not be fitted into this system, and two-thirds of these were found to have an isolated fracture of the posterior tibial margin. This fracture seems to be a special type of ankle fracture. It was found that the stage 2 injury in pronation and pronation-eversion fractures is not fully explained by Lauge Hansen. The classification of Lauge Hansen gives a very exact description of ankle fractures. This is very important for the operative treatment and also indispensable for the evaluation of the results of various methods of treatment. PMID- 7376833 TI - Early detection by 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate scintigraphy of femoral head necorsis following medial femoral neck fractures. PMID- 7376838 TI - Anterior displacement of the tibial tuberosity in the treatment of chondromalacia patellae. AB - Anterior displacement of the tibial tuberosity combined with shaving of the diseased cartilage was used as treatment for chondromalacia patellae in 32 knees in 28 consecutive patients and in one patient with chondromalacia femoris. The patients were aged 17 to 57 years. One patient had earlier sustained a serious injury to the ligaments of the knee, resulting in instability. All patients except one were unfit for work before the operation. Postoperative extra articular wound infection was noted in two knees and venous thrombosis occurred in three legs. The postoperative observation period varied from 8 months to 2 years and 10 months. In one knee the anterior displacement of the tibial tuberosity was not maintained. In lateral radiographs the anterior displacement of the tibial tuberosity in the other knees varied from 10 to 23 mm. The relief from pain obtained by the operative treatment was estimated as good in all knees except three, which were unchanged. All patients became fit for work and/or sport. PMID- 7376840 TI - Intraosseous phlebography, intraosseous pressure measurements and 99mTC polyphosphate scintigraphy in patients with various painful conditions in the hip and knee. AB - Twenty-five patients with pain in the knee or hip were examined by means of bilateral intraosseous phlebography, intraosseous pressure measurements and 99mTechnetium polyphosphate scintigraphy. All patients with typical rest pain- either due to osteoarthritis or to the intraosseous engorgement-pain syndrome- showed venous stasis and increased pressure in the bone marrow near the painful joint and abnormally high uptake of the radiotracer. In patients with other types of pain this correlation was absent. The results indicate that 99mTechnetium polyphosphate scintigraphy can be used as a screening method in the diagnosis of the intraosseous engorgement-pain syndrome in patients with a typical history. However, increased isotope uptake in a joint region may be due to a variety of other causes. The identical findings with all three methods of investigation in patients with the intraosseous engorgement-pain syndrome and osteoarthritis suggest a common pathomechanism. PMID- 7376841 TI - Chronic lateral instability of the ankle. A method of reconstruction using the Achilles tendon. AB - Reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments ad modum Storen, using the medial one third of the Achilles tendon as a nourished transplant is a relatively unknown procedure. Thirty patients operated on using this technique have been evaluated. The mean observation time was 4 years (range 1/2--16 years). All patients but one had a stable ankle joint and were satisfied. One was reoperated after sustaining a new injury 6 months after the original operation. The method described is a good alternative to other methods of ligamentous reconstruction. The procedure also stabilizes the subtalar joint and corrects recurrent subluxation of the peroneal tendons. PMID- 7376842 TI - Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. A new clinical-radiological syndrome. AB - Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis is characterized clinically and radiologically by multiple, sometimes symmetrical, infectious bone lesions and a prolonged course over several years with relapses and new lesions. The distribution of the osteolytic bone lesions follows the pattern of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis in infancy and childhood. The aetiology and pathogenesis of this disease is unclear. A 5-year-old girl with this disease and 19 similar cases from the literature are reviewed. PMID- 7376843 TI - Effects of oxytetracycline on solubility and synthesis of collagen in young rats. AB - In a recent study we demonstrated that the antibiotic oxytetracycline reduces both growth and mechanical strength of bone and skin in young rats. The present study deals with the effects of 14 days of oxytetracycline medication on salt solubility of collagen (cross-linking) and conversion of 14C-proline to 14C hydroxyproline in collagen (synthesis). At the end of the medication period, significantly higher solubility of collagen was found in the femurs and skin of rats receiving oxytetracycline than in controls. No effect of the antibiotic on the rate of collagen synthesis could be demonstrated. These findings may indicate that oxytetracycline in young rats causes reduced mechanical strength of bone and skin by interfering with the cross-linking of collagen. PMID- 7376844 TI - Antibiotics and bone cements. Experimental and clinical long-term observations. AB - Comparing several antibiotics and different bone cements, the mixture of Palacos R (polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA) with gentamicin proved to be the most suitable one as far as a high and sustained release of the antibiotic from the artificial resin is concerned. A continuous leaching of gentamicin was observed for more than 5 years. Gentamicin proved to be stable in Palacos R for the whole period of time. The release of 12 antibiotics from Palacos R was evaluated in vitro. Four other bone cements were included in this study as well, in order to evaluate the leaching of gentamicin from these materials. The combination Gentamicin-Palacos R (GP) showed a 2--3 fold higher and much more prolonged release than did the other mixtures. From this investigation, which also included studies of commercially available antibiotic bone cement mixtures, it is quite obvious that there exist distinct differences in the various bone cements as well as in the various antibiotics as regards their qualification for use in alloarthroplasty. Pharmacokinetic studies in patients after implantation of GP showed low gentamicin concentrations in serum (on average 1.8 microgram/ml) and urine. However, in wound exudate, derived directly from the vicinity of the implanted cement, gentamicin concentrations up to 150 micrograms/ml were observed. Also in tissue samples from the vicinity of the implant, high concentrations were measurable for a long period of time (up to 5 1/2 years). PMID- 7376845 TI - Fracture healing. A concept of competing healing factors. AB - In the discussion concerning the theory of the healing of shaft fractures the demand for absolute stability of the fracture has been a dominating factor. This cannot be an absolute prerequisite because fractures of the tibia or femur heal well even with continued weight-bearing and movement. The ingrowth of vessels is apparently not a crucial factor. It is evident, however, that fractures caused by direct violence with soft tissue damage heal more slowly than fractures caused by indirect violence, irrespective of the treatment. Soft tissue heals with fibrous scar; fractures heal by bone regeneration. The author postulates that the damaged tissue stimulates (possibly via molecular determinants) the structural genes of undifferentiated cells to produce mRNA and proteins for either fibrous tissue or bone formation. The rate or healing of the fracture is determined by the degree of bone damage in relation to soft tissue damage. In fractures with extensive soft tissue injury there occurs a competitive condition in the common haematoma, with a risk of delayed fracture healing due to the dominance of cells that are triggered off by fibrous tissue formation. PMID- 7376846 TI - Metal sensitivity in patients with metal-to-plastic total hip arthroplasties. AB - Out of 134 patients patch tested after total hip replacement (metal-to-plastic) 13 were sensitive to one or two of the implanted metals. In a prospective series of 112 patients, nine were sensitive to nickel before and another three developed sensitivity to nickel or cobalt after the arthroplasty. In the retrospective as well as in the prospective series the complications could in all cases but one be explained on grounds other than allergy. The incidence of contact allergy to nickel before a planned arthroplasty was 12 per cent in females and 4 per cent in males. It is doubtful whether metal sensitivity could be induced by a total hip arthroplasty. However, in cases of a preexisting metal allergy, a certain degree of caution is recommended. PMID- 7376849 TI - Fractures of the cervical spine in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Fractures of the cervical spine in six patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis are presented. Three patients had a hyperextension type of injury. These fractures were extremely unstable and combined with spinal cord damage. In the other cases the fracture was caused by a flexion mechanism. These fractures were stable and there was no damage to the spinal cord. Treatment modified according to the demands of the fractures is outlined. PMID- 7376848 TI - One leg swing through gait using two crutches. An analysis of the ground reaction forces and gait phases. AB - Using a Force Plate the gait cycle for one leg swing-through gait of ten normal subjects on Canadian crutches was monitored, and a composite diagram of forces on the lower limb and both crutches was produced. In addition the relationship of the stance and swing phase for both the lower limb and crutches was studied and the percentage of these phases and their overlap included on the composite diagram. The average maximum vertical ground reaction to the leg was 1.32 body weight, 16 per cent higher than that reported for normal walking. The horizontal force on the lower limb in the direction of walking was 0.35 body weight, compared to 0.15 for normal walking. Vertical ground reaction to crutches was on average 0.54 body weight on the side of the landing leg and 0.51 on the contralateral side. Horizontal ground reaction on the crutches at right angles to the direction of ambulation was 0.09 body weight on the right and 0.08 on the left. The results were considered to indicate caution in the prescription of one leg swing-through gait in subjects with diseased bone and joints in the lower limb. PMID- 7376847 TI - A study of the arterial supply of the patella in the normal state, in chondromalacia patellae and in osteoarthrosis. AB - The arterial supply to the patella has been studied in 21 specimens. Fifteen were obtained at autopsy and six at amputation. Nine of the specimens were normal, six were diagnosed as chondromalacia patellae and six as osteoarthrosis. Micropaque was injected into the arteries, and the Spalteholtz clearing technique was used. Radiography was also performed. In addition to previously reported observations, arteries were found to penetrate into the patella from the interior of the quadriceps tendon, from the synovial tissue and from the medial and lateral retinaculae. Moreover, it was found that with increasing degree of cartilage destruction the arterial pattern within the patella became disturbed and irregular with formation of anastomoses. PMID- 7376852 TI - The Finnish heritage of disease. PMID- 7376854 TI - Prevention of cerebral palsy in motor risk infants by treatment ad modum Vojta. A controlled study. AB - The proposal by V. Vojta in 1974 to prevent development of cerebral palsy in "motor risk" infants by special treatment has been investigated in 11 Danish and 10 Swedish babies and compared with 30 control infants with similar risk, who were not given Vojta treatment. We found a tendency for "uncomplicated" cerebral palsy cases to accumulate in the control group, although the difference was non significant on 1 5% level. Further controlled studies must be completed before it is possible to accept the prophylactive treatment of cerebral palsy recommended by Vojta. PMID- 7376850 TI - Late results of intertrochanteric osteotomy for advanced osteoarthritis of the hip. AB - The results are presented of 50 intertrochanteric osteotomies after a minimum observation time of 9.3 years. This method of treatment was found to be of lasting benefit in 86 per cent of the patients. The results encourage us to consider osteotomy also in younger patients with osteoarthritis. PMID- 7376853 TI - Promotion of breast feeding: effect on neonates of change of feeding routine at a maternity unit. AB - The effect on the health of neonates of a change in neonatal routine care, including general rooming-in, breast feeding on demand and avoidance of supplementary bottle feeding was studied in conjunction to a breast feeding campaign at a maternity unit. There was an accentuated weight loss in the neonatal period during ad libitum breast feeding. The mean serum bilirubin of clinically jaundiced infants was slightly higher on a 4-hourly feeding schedule with supplementary bottles than on the new regimen. There was a similar high (32 33%) incidence of bilirubin levels greater than 205 mumol/l (12 mg/100 ml) in both groups. The incidence of spontaneous hypoglycaemia did not differ in the two groups. The new feeding regimen was thus considered safe. Infants at risk for hypoglycaemia were given supplementary bottles and were excluded from the study. PMID- 7376855 TI - Treatment of girls with excessive height prediction. Follow-up of forty girls treated with intramuscular estradiol and progesterone. AB - In a follow-up study of 40 tall girls treated with intramuscular estradiol and progesterone, the final height, bone age maturation, side effects and acceptance of treatment were evaluated. The mean duration of treatment was 18 months. During treatment, mean height increase was 6.5 cm (height velocity 3.7 cm/year), which is nearly 50% reduction of normal growth rate. The mean increase in bone age was 2.7 years (bone age velocity 1.8 years/year), which approximates twice the normal maturation rate. The mean reduction in final height was 5.0 cm as evaluated by the method of Bayley. Pinneau (BP), 2.9 cm by the method of Tanner et al. (TW) and 3.0 cm by the method of Roche et al. (RWT). The reduction was greatest when treatment was started before menarche, according to all three prediction methods. When treatment was started after menarch the calculated height reduction was greatest according to the BP method. There was good agreement between the three prediction methods in girls with a bone age below 12 years before treatment. In girls with a bone age above 12 years the height reduction by the BP method was much greater than when measured by the other methods. Side effects evaluated at follow-up were minimal and first menstruation occurred within 3 months (mean) after cessation of treatment. The number of pregnancies was estimated to be normal for age. All but three accepted the treatment. It is concluded that this type of treatment must be restricted to girls with severe psychological problems due to excessive height prognosis and selection for treatment must be based on an individualized evaluation. PMID- 7376851 TI - Fractures of the hip in children and adolescents. AB - Long-term results of 52 fractures of the hip in 51 children and adolescents are discussed. A distinction was made between fractures in children (aged 1 to 11 years) and those in adolescents (aged 12 to 18 years). Irrespective of the type of fracture it was found that immediate operative treatment leads to the best results. In children as well as in adolescents the risk of avascular necrosis, premature closure of the epiphysis and non-union is less following immediate operative treatment than following delayed operative treatment or conservative treatment. The prognosis of these fractures depends on the amount of damage to the vascularization. Treatment of children consisted of open reduction and fixation with K-wires followed by postoperative immobilization in a hip-spica for 6 weeks. Adolescents were treated with three-flanged nails usually without postoperative plaster immobilization. In both children and adolescents internal fixation may also be carried out with screws, in which case these must not cross an open epiphyseal plate. In both groups a non-weight-bearing period of 6 to 12 months is advisable. The results in adolescents were definitely poorer than in children. Seemingly completely destroyed hips can reintegrate even to a nearly "restitutio ad integrum" state after a period of years. PMID- 7376856 TI - Cytotoxic treatment in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. AB - The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the therapeutic value of steroids and cytotoxics in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome which developed during the period 1968-1977. Thirty-eight patients were followed. They were divided into three morphological groups based on renal biopsy findings, i.e., minimal changes (MCNS, n = 34), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS, n=2) and atypical undefined changes (Undef., n=2). In the latter two groups therapy was less successful than in the MCNS-group. This study conclusively demonstrates that cytotoxic therapy is of value in prolonging the duration of the remission and increasing the responsiveness to steroids in children with MCNS. PMID- 7376857 TI - Pyridoxal phosphate concentration in blood in newborn infants and their mothers compared with the amount of extra pyridoxol taken during pregnancy and breast feeding. AB - The concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate have been estimated in cord blood and capillary blood samples taken at 3 hours, 2 days, 4 days, 7 days and 6 weeks of age, from eleven full-term infants. Pyridoxal phosphate concentrations were also determined in venous blood samples taken from the mothers at delivery. A highly significant correlation between pyridoxal phosphate in cord whole blood and venous whole blood taken from the mothers at delivery was found. Infants whose mothers had taken extra pyridoxol during pregnancy had a higher concentration of pyridoxal phosphate at 3 hours of age compared with infants whose mothers had not taken extra pyridoxol. During the first week of life the concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate in capillary blood decreases strikingly. At 6 weeks of age the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate is in the same range as that of normal adults. Findings are also discussed which indicates that: 1) Vitamin B6 is transported in breast milk; 2) The giving of supplemental pyridoxol during pregnancy in ordinary doses (2-6 mg/day) does not have an antilactogenic effect. No correlation between the erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activation with pyridoxal phosphate in vitro and pyridoxal phosphate concentration in plasma was found during the first 6 weeks of life. PMID- 7376858 TI - Iron deficiency in sicle cell disease. AB - Iron studies were performed on 25 children with homozygous sickle cell disease. The majority (80%) of patients had never been transfused. Surprisingly, the results showed that all had low serum iron and low transferrin saturation. Three children had no marrow iron stores while the rest had diminished amounts of iron. This may be an important finding in view of recent efforts at fortifying common salt with iron. The exact effects of iron deficiency on sickle cell disease are not known and a controlled trial is called for. PMID- 7376860 TI - Two years' follow-up of asthmatic boys participating in a physical activity programme. AB - Eleven boys with bronchial asthma, mean age 11.2 years, particpated in a 20-month long physical activity programme. The training was performed in an ordinary indoor gymnasium for one hour twice a week. No drugs were given prior to the training sessions. Cardiorespiratory function and dimensions and maximal aerobic capacity were determined before, during and after the training period. The respiratory and circulatory dimensions increased as expected during and after the training period. The respiratory and circulatory dimensions increased as expected during the observation period and after correction for the influence of growth no changes were seen in the variables studied. Nor did the training group differ significantly in any respect from a group of nine asthmatic boys not trained. There was only a slight but not significant increase in the maximal exygen uptake and the ventilatory coefficient in the training group as compared to the non training group. After a one-week winter-camp with high exercise intensity there was a rise in the total ventilation, the ventilatory coefficient and the maximal work performed but the maximal oxygen uptake was not affected. All boys showed a very good ability to participate in the physical activity programme at approximately the same level as the physical education given at school. PMID- 7376859 TI - The risk of jaundice in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient babies exposed to menthol. AB - A major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in Lagos, Nigeria, is severe neonatal jaundice seen in G-6-PD deficient babies. The observation that the jaundice is more severe in outpatient than in inpatient babies suggests that its cause is exogenous. "Mentholated" powder which is commonly used in many clinics and at home to dress umbilical cords was suspected to be the offending agent. A controlled study of the effects of one of these powders was carried out on 60 consecutive G-6-PD deficient babies. In 30 of them the umbilical cords were dressed daily with the powder while the remaining half who were untreated served as controls. The treated babies developed statistically more significant jaundice than the controls. Inability of neonates to conjugate menthol in this power is probably responsible for the jaundice developed by these G-6-PD deficient babies. It is concluded that the use of menthol and/or camphor-containing commerical products on neonates be discontinued, especially in communities where the incidence of G-6-PD deficiency is high as the use of such products may be contributiing to the severity of neonatal jaundice. PMID- 7376861 TI - The role of nutritional status, airway obstruction, hypoxia, and abnormalities in serum lipid composition in limiting exercise tolerance in children with cystic fibrosis. AB - Previous work has shown that impaired exercise tolerance in children with cystic fibrosis (C.F.) is related to the severity of airway obstruction without elucidating the possible roles of hypoxia or malnutrition. It has been suggested that poor nutrition leads to abnormalities in serum fatty acids composition, which may lead to tissue hypoxia. We investigated the roles of hypoxia, pulmonary mechanics, nutritional status, and serum fatty acid composition in limiting exercise tolerance in C.F. In 20 children with C.F., exercise tolerance, while breathing air and while breathing oxygen, was evaluated on a cycle ergometer and compared to pulmonary function tests, anthropometric data, serum lipid compostition, and clinical condition. The mean percent work expected from height (Wmax) was 75, and was unchanged by O2. Wmax correlated significantly with the degree of respiratory impairement, the discrepancy between height and weight, and the clinical score but not serum fatty acid composition. Where measured, no child at any time had an elevated end tidal CO2(PetCO2). We conclude that nutritional status and airway obstruction are closely correlated with exercise tolerance in C.F. and that, unlike the case in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, exercise-limiting dyspnea occurs in the presence of a normal PetCO2. PMID- 7376862 TI - Chestwall compliance in full-term and premature infants. AB - Chestwall compliance was determined in 26 premature infants (BW 1 320 +/- 410 g, gest. age 32 weeks) and in 10 full-term infants (BW 3 155 +/- 810 g) who were ventilated mechanically. Chestwall compliance in premature infants was 6.4 ml/(cmH2O X kg), decreasing with advancing gestational age to 4.2 ml/(cmH20 X kg) in full-term infants. There was a linear correlation (r = 0.95 and 0.79 respectively) between tidal volume and the pressure transmitted to the esophagus throughout the tidal volume range. The protion of airway pressure transmitted to the infants with hyaline membrane disease, 12% in newborns with a patent ductus arterisus, 17% in normal prematures and 25% in normal full-term infants. The findings suggest that during mechanical ventilation the high chestwall compliance and low lung compliance of premature infants prevent a significant rise in intrapleural pressure which could interfere with central venous return and cardiac output. However, using high inspiratory pressures and continuous distending airway pressure in the absence of lung pathology may result in a decreased cardiac output. The highly compliant chestwall of the premature infant may exert insufficient outward recoil and might be one of the causes of a low functional residual capacity and chronic pulmonary failure in the premature infant. PMID- 7376863 TI - Umbilical artery catheterization in newborns. IV. Strain-gauge plethysmography for the diagnosis of catheter-related thrombo-embolism in the legs. AB - Strain-gauge plethysmography was performed shortly after withdrawal of the catheter in 48 of 49 newborn ifnats who had undergone umbilical artery catheterization. Plethysmorgraphy was used to find a noninvasive method for diagnosing catheter-related thrombo-embolism in neonates. The results were compared with the findings at aniography. The method permits simultaneous measurements of the systolic blood pressure and of the resting and submaximal blood flow in both legs. Nine infants howed angiographic signs of total or partial occlusion in one leg, and 8 of them were investigated with plethysmorgraphy. The systolic blood pressure was signifcantly reduced in ifants with total and/or partial occlusion, but the blood flow was reduced only in infants with total occlusion. The peak flow after sugrasystolic occlusion was significantly otener delayed in infants with thrombo-embolism in the leg. PMID- 7376864 TI - Umbilical artery catheterization in newborns. V. A clinical follow-up study. AB - The long-term effects of umbilical artery catheterization were studied in forty nine children. At the age of about 18 months their gross motor and neurological development, peripheral circulation, and growth of the legs were investigated. The infants with catheter-related thrombo-embolism in the legs diagnosed in the neonatal period with the aid of angiography and investigated by plethysmography were re-examined once or more during the first year of life by strain-guage plethysmography. One child who showed total occlusion of the iliac artery as newborn, had a difference in calf circumference at the 18-month examination of 1.5 cm, the only finding in this study related to catheter-associated thrombosis. In infants with neonatal thrombo-embolism in the legs the initial crural difference in systolic blood pressure diminished slowly, and at 12 months a blood pressure difference of more than 10 mmHg remained in only one infant. PMID- 7376865 TI - Transepidermal water loss in newborn infants. IV. Small for gestational age infants. AB - Using a method described earlier, the evaporation rate (ER) from the skin was studied at different ambient humidities in 14 full-term and 10 pre-term small for gestational age (SGA) infants. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was estimated in 25 SGA infants born after 30-40 weeks of gestation. Comparisons were made with infants appropriate for gestational age (AGA). A linear relationship was found between ER and ambient humidity in full-term SGA infants, but with lower ER values than in AGA infants. Lower ER values were also found in moderately pre term SGA infants at different ambient humidities. ER was higher at lower ambient humidities in both SGA and AGA infants. In full-term and moderately pre-term SGA infants TEWL was lower than in corresponding AGA infants. PMID- 7376866 TI - Transepidermal water loss in newborn infants. V. Evaporation from the skin and heat exchange during the first hours of life. AB - The amount of water evaporated from the skin was studied in 10 healthy newborn infants from their first minute of life, while being taken care of in the delivery room, and in 11 infants treated in incubators from their 30th min of life. The heat lost by evaporation, radiation and convection was calculated. Evaporation from the skin was very high during the first minutes after birth and was the main cause of heat loss during the first 15-30 min of life. Thereafter the amount of heat lost depended on the conditions under which the infant was nursed. Higher convective and radiative heat losses were found in delivery rooms than in incubators. PMID- 7376868 TI - Defective bactericidal function of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in children with measles. AB - Killing capacities of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and the serum opsonic activity were investigated in 15 children with measles. Seven of them had bacterial infection secondary to the measles. The mean values for killing capacities of the patients were significantly impaired when they were compared with those of the control group which consisted of 15 healthy age-matched children (p less than 0.001). These defects were found to be present during the early stages of the measles. The serum opsonic activity was found to be normal. PMID- 7376869 TI - Meningitis in a newborn infant caused by Mycoplasma hominis. AB - When 10 days old an infant born after 34-35 weeks of gestation developed meningitis with pleocytosis and a low glucose concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid. Mycoplasma hominis was recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid and treatment with doxycycline was given. The strain was later found to be resistant to tetracycline. After institution of lincomycin, cultures for mycoplasmas were negative. The infant, who during the course of the meningitis had developed a transient increase in intracranial pressure, was healthy and normally developed at the age of one year.--This is the first report on an infection caused by a tetracycline-resistant strain of Mycoplasma hominis. PMID- 7376867 TI - Study of heart rate variability in sick newborn infants. AB - Heart rate variability has been studied in a group of 66 newborn infants for periods of up to 72 hours from birth. Long term variability was reduced in infants suffering from the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome and this was more marked with severe respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation. Persistent reduction in long term variability was associated with increased mortality. Reduction in heart rate variability may be due to high levels of sympathetic activity. PMID- 7376870 TI - Vasocative intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-producing ganglioneuroma in a child with chronic diarrhea. AB - In a 2 1/2-year-old girl with persistent watery diarrhea a retroperitoneal tumour and lymph node composed of benign ganglioneuroma cells were found. The histological picture was compatible with an original metastasizing neuroblastoma which has passed through a stage of late maturation. Electron microscopy of the ganglioneuroma showed cytological evidence of increased secretory activity. The tumour contained large amounts of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and preoperative plasma concentration of this peptide was increased. Postoperatively the VIP concentration was normalized, and the diarrhea ceased. Analysis of catecholamine metabolites in urine was normal. The findings suggest that the watery diarrhea was due to the benign VIP-producing neural crest tumour. PMID- 7376871 TI - Effect of tolazoline in pulmonary hemorrhage in the newborn. AB - A neonate severely ill with pulmonary hemorrhage improved on intravenous tolazoline. We suggest that persistent fetal circulation may complicate this disorder and that vasodilator theapy is justified when other therapeutic measures fail. PMID- 7376872 TI - Coexistence of a thymoma and Hodgkin's disease of the thymus. A case report. PMID- 7376873 TI - Action on various experimental tumour-host systems of methyoxy-substituted glycerol ethers incorporated into the feed. AB - The effect of the growth and spread of tumours by methoxy-substituted glycerol ethers incorporated into the feed has been tested on a broad spectrum of tumour host systems. Inhibitory effects on tumour growth were noted mainly by 1-0-(2 methoxy-hexadecyl) glycerol and on Melanoma B 16, Lewis Lung Tumour, MCA-sarcoma MCG101 and the lymphomas LAA and P1534. Spontaneous metastasis formation from Melanoma B16 and two MCA-sarcomas was inhibited. PMID- 7376875 TI - The ultrastructure of bone marrow plasma cells obtained from patients with multiple myeloma during the clinical course of the disease. AB - The ultrastructure of plasma cells from 65 consecutive bone marrow specimens from 13 patients with multiple myeloma is described. Biopsies were taken from 12 of the patients prior to and after initiation of treatment. The study was undertaken with the aim of correlating ultrastructural characteristics of the myeloma cells with biochemical and clinical parameters, including the survival time after treatment of the patients with cytostatics. Intranuclear inclusions were only seen in the cells of four patients, all of whom had rather long survival times. Two of these are still alive and, furthermore, their plasma cells are characterized by a low mean number of mitochondria in each sectioned cell studied, i.e. 7 and 14, respectively. Nuclear bodies were found in about 7 per cent of the plasma cells in biopsies taken before treatment was initiated. During treatment this percentage increased significantly to about 16 (2P = 0.004). A nuclear/cytoplasmic asynchrony was a characteristic feature of the ultrastructure of the myeloma cells. During treatment a significant increase from 34 to 54 per cent (2P = 0.03) was observed in the number of plasma cells with slight asynchrony. No correlation could be established between any ultrastructural features and the values obtained with clinical tests considered of major prognostic significance at the time of diagnosis, e.g. the concentrations of serum creatinine, haemoglobin, serum albumin and serum calcium. PMID- 7376874 TI - Sensorineural hearing loss in a Scandinavian old English sheepdog. A case report. AB - Inner ear disease is extremely rare in the old English sheepdog. The present case would constitute the second known case in Scandinavia and the first one observed in Norway. The morphological investigation revealed complete degeneration of the organ of Corti. A single layer of cells was covering the anatomical location of the stria vascularis. The dog did not show clinical signs of vestibular dysfunction. Hair cells were present in the cristae ampullares and macula utriculi. The histopathological features support a genetic basis for the sensorineural hearing loss, though other (rare) causes of exogenically induced inner ear degeneration cannot be completely excluded on the morphological findings alone. The brain revealed signs of chronic meningitis. PMID- 7376876 TI - Basal cell carcinoma in the head and neck. The importance of location and histological picture, studied with a new scoring system, in predicting recurrences. AB - A scoring system for judging the aggressiveness of basal cell carcinomas of the head and neck is devised, based upon 258 tumours from 123 patients. This system is discussed, and we suggest using the depth of growth, the degree of palisading and the narrow epithelial strand formation (narrow strands) as a scoring basis. It is shown that tumours located on the ear are more aggressive than tumours in other places. Tumours on the nose often recur, even though their histological picture is not that aggressive. This phenomenon is also discussed. For proper scoring, an excisional biopsy should be performed unless the tumour is very small. Recurrent tumours and tumours treated with X-ray also have a higher score. PMID- 7376877 TI - Breast carcinoma. Progression of tubular carcinoma and a new classification. AB - On histologic and statistic basis a new classification of ductal breast carcinoma is proposed. One group consists of five types, representing different stages in a continuous progression from tubular carcinoma to pure "ductal" type. Another group is comprised by invasive "comedo" carcinoma which is derived from intraductal carcinoma. The development of tubular carcinoma from sclerosing lesions is stressed. PMID- 7376878 TI - Fatty acids and neutral sugars present in lipopolysaccharides isolated from Fusobacterium species. AB - Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) extracted from cells of Fusobacterium necrophorum, F. mortiferum, F. Gonidiaformans. varium and single strains of F. naviforme and F. russi were analysed for sugars and fatty acids. All preparations contained a monosaccharide tentatively identified as L-glycero-D-mannoheptose, but showed variation with respect to the presence of glucose, galactose, rhamnose and another heptose isomer, tentatively identified as L-glycero-D-mannoheptose. L glycero-D-mannoheptose was a monosaccharide of great abundance in all LPS examined. 2-keto-3-deoxy-octonate and glucosamine were present in all LPS preparations. The fatty acids present were 3-hydroxy-tetradecanoic acid as the main component, and n-tetradecanoic acid. Some LPS contained n-hexadecanoic acid. All the strains of F. nucleatum contained 3-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid as a group specific LPS constituent. PMID- 7376879 TI - Studies on fungal flora in hair from domestic and laboratory animals suspected of dermatophytosis. I. Dematophytes. AB - Hairsamples of domestic and laboratory animals suspected of dermatophytosis were examined for the presence of dermatophytes. A nutritionally poor base-medium developed by the author was successfully used in the isolation and identification of dermatophytes. Casein-medium supplemented with vitamins and Sabouraud-liquid medium were used in special cases. Dermatophytes were isolated in 36 of 331 samples (10.9%). The dermatophytes recovered were Microsporum canis: 13 isolates from cat. 4 from dog. 1 from horse; Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. granulare: 3 isolates from dog, 3 from horse, 2 from guinea pig and 1 from rabbit; Trichophyton terrestre 1 isolate from dog. Eleven of the 13 feline isolates originated from house cats and the relative frequency was higher among the purebred cats. Two of the cat isolates were connected with human dermatophytosis. PMID- 7376880 TI - Transfer of arterial hypertension by splenic cells from DOCA-salt hypertensive and renal hypertensive rats to normotensive recipients. AB - Arterial hypertension was transferred from DOCA-salt hypertensive and renal hypertensive rats to normotensive rats by intravenous injection of splenic cells. Thirteen normotensive recipients were injected intravenously with splenic cells from the hypertensive donors. Eleven developed arterial hypertension (85%), that is, with a systolic blood pressure exceeding 140 mm Hg. Three of the recipients developed hypertensive levels up to 155-160 mm Hg, which was almost up to the levels in the donors. The increase of the blood pressure in the recipients was significant when compared to controls injected intravenously with splenic cells from normotensive donors (p less than 0.001). Skin tests, performed by intracutaneous injection of homogenized common carotid arteries in half of the recipients, showed positive reactions 24 hours after the injection. Microscopical examination of heart and kidney from the other half demonstrated mononuclear infiltration into arterial and arteriolar walls and exudative changes in these walls. Due to exudative thickening of the vessel walls the lumina were narrowed. The hypothesis is advanced that the recipient rats developed arterial hypertension as a result of a transferred delayed hypersensitivity directed against the arterial walls. This hypersensitivity reaction caused insudation of plasma components into the arterial walls, narrowing of their lumina and an increased peripheral resistance to the blood flow, so that arterial hypertension developed. PMID- 7376881 TI - Studies on Cob (Colton) antigen and anti-Cob. AB - Using a reliable and strong reacting antiserum of the rare anti-Cob specificity, it was shown that the Cob antigen was fully developed at birth. Gene dosage effect could not be demonstrated. The frequency of Co(b+) persons in the Danish population (7.8%) was found not to differ from other Caucasian populations. The antibody belonged to immunoglobulin class IgG without ability of fixing complement in vitro. PMID- 7376882 TI - Effect of atropine and methylatropine on human vaginal blood flow, sexual arousal and climax. AB - No experimental data on the regulatory mechanism of the change in vaginal blood flow occurring at sexual arousal exist. Six women were in a controlled laboratory study given atropine 0.035 mg/kg intravenously. The basal vaginal blood flow was recorded by a heat probe kept at set temperature on the vaginal wall. During sexual stimulation the flow was increased as in women when no drugs are applied and orgasm was unaffected as well. The neurotransmitter has been supposed to be acetylcholine but the present experiments suggest that it is not an atropine sensitive traditional muscarinic transmission. Methylatropine was given in five subjects and neither in these cases any effect on the vaginal vascular response was observed. PMID- 7376883 TI - Intestinal metabolism of DNOC and DNBP in the rat. AB - The metabolism of the dinitrophenols DNOC and DNBP and their respective monoamino derivatives, 6-ANOC and 6-ANBP, was studied in rat caecal incubates. All of the compounds were reduced to their corresponding diamino metabolites. The results are discussed in relation to the comparative toxicology of the dinitrophenols with special regard to a possible significance of the intestinal metabolites. PMID- 7376884 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies of 5-fluorouracil after oral and intravenous administration in man. AB - The pharmacokinetic conditions for oral administration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were investigated in 16 patients with malignant liver tumours. The concentration of 5-FU in portal and systemic blood was determined by a microbiologic method every 10 min. during 2 hours after oral or intravenous administration of a standard dose of 250 mg 5-FU ( approximately 4 mg/kg b. wt.) or 15 mg 5-FU/kg b. wt. The drug was rapidly absorbed after oral administration with peak values within 10-30 min. 25% of the lower and 40% of the higher oral dose reached the systemic circulation. The reduction of systemic bio-availability was partly accomplished by a loss in the gastrointestinal tract and partly by extraction by the liver. The hepatic extraction ratio was calculated to 0.56 and 0.26 after the lower and the higher dose respectively indicating a saturable process. The availability of 5-FU was significantly higher in portal blood than in systemic blood after oral administration. The opposite conditions were found after intravenous administration. Thus, oral administration of 5-FU to patients with malignant liver tumours seems rational. PMID- 7376885 TI - Elimination pattern and tissue distribution of intravenous iron-poly (sorbitol gluconic acid) complex in the rat. AB - The elimination pattern and tissue distribution in rats of intravenous [14C gluconic acid]-poly(sorbitol-gluconic acid) and 59Fe-iron-poly(sorbitol-gluconic acid) complex, glusoferron (Ferastral) have been examined. Twenty-four hours after injection of 20 or 200 mg/kg of [14C-gluconic acid]-poly(sorbitol-gluconic acid), 5%-6% of the injected dose of radiolabel was eliminated as 14CO2 and about 85% in the urine and faeces. Administration of 59Fe-iron-poly(sorbitol-gluconic acid) complex (10 and 100 mg of iron/kg) resulted in a urinary and faecal excretion of about 18% and 40% of the given dose, respectively, during the first 4 days. Biliary excretion was low. The mean molecular weight of the biliary product after the iron complex was lower than that of the parent compound. Radiocarbon in tissues after 24 hours was negligible. Liver and bones accounted for most of the retained radioiron following 100 mg of iron/kg bodyweight of the 59Fe-iron complex with maximum levels of 27% and 12% of the injected dose, respectively, 4 days after dosing. Red cell incorporation of 59Fe attained a level of 16% at the end of 28 days. PMID- 7376886 TI - Relative contribution of parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells to the hepatic distribution and metabolism of iron-poly(sorbitol-gluconic acid) complex in the rat. AB - The hepatic cellular distribution in rats of radioiron and radiocarbon after [14C gluconic acid]-and 59Fe-labelled iron-poly(sorbitol-gluconic acid) complex, glusoferron (Ferastral), has been investigated. Following administration of the 59Fe-iron complex at a dose level corresponding to 10 mg of iron per kg bodyweight, the ratio of radioactivity per 10(8) cells in parenchymal (P) and non parenchemal (NP) cell fractions, the P/NP ratio, was 3.0 after 24 hours and rose to 10.4 at day 14. After 100 mg/kg the ratio was 0.9, 10.5 and 5.7 at day 1, 4 and 14, respectively. Radiocarbon content in the different cell compartments fell steadily throughout. Radioiron from 59Fe-iron-poly(sorbitol-gluconic acid) complex was shown to be incorporated into whole liver 59Fe-ferritin. In vitro uptake studies with the different liver cells were also performed. Parenchymal cells were found to be more active than non-parenchymal cells with regard to cellular uptake of radiolabel from both iron complex and polymeric ligand without iron. PMID- 7376887 TI - Correlation between changes in enzymatic activities and induction of different forms of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 after phenobarbital-, 3 methylcholanthrene- and 16 alpha-cyanopregnenolone treatment. AB - Multiple forms of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 in rats were identified on SDS-polyacrylamide gels stained for protein and peroxidase activity after induction with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, and 16 alpha cyanopregnenolone. The induced forms were correlated to the in vitro metabolism of biphenyl, benzo(a)pyrene and the steroids 4-androstene-3,17-dione and 5 alpha androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol. Induction of two forms with apparent molecular weights of 54,000 (RLvMc P-450 54) AND 50,000 (RLvMc P-450 50) was obtained with phenobarbital, induction of RLvMc P-450 55 and RLvMc P-450 58 with 3 methylcholanthrene and induction of FLvMc P-450 54 with 16 alpha cyanopregnenolone. The RLvMc P-450 50 was mainly associated with the formation of benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-dihydrodiol, and 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione. The RLvMc P-450 55 and/or the RLvMc P-450 58 was mainly associated with the formation of 2- and 3-hydroxybiphenyl and benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol and FLvMc P-450 54 was to some extent associated with the formation of benzo(a)pyrene-4,5 dihydrodiol and several metabolites of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol. It is suggested that SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis may be a valuable complement to enzyme assays in evaluating effects of drugs and environmental chemicals on the liver microsomal hydroxylase system. PMID- 7376888 TI - Glucuronide and sulphate binding to subcellular fractions of rat liver. AB - The binding of glucuronides to various liver subfractions and to bovine serum albumin correlated with their molecular weight. Higher molecular weight glucuronides bound more readily. 4-Methylumbelliferylglucuronide has some of the characteristics of phenolphthaleinglucuronide. Simple phenolic glucuronides were much less retained by various hepatic fractions. Glucuronides were most effectively bound to mitochondrial subfractions. Sulphates of 4-nitrophenol and phenolphthalein were bound to the same degree to bovine serum albumin and hepatic cytosol despite their different molecular structures and weights. PMID- 7376889 TI - Combined effects of xylene and alcohol on the central nervous system. AB - Ten healthy male students were exposed to m-xylene alone at concentrations of about 6 and 11.5 mumol/l and given a single dose of alcohol (0.4 and 0.8 g/kg) prior to exposure. The effects of these xylene concentrations and alcohol doses, as well as the combined effects of the two xylene concentrations with the higher alcohol dose on psychophysiological functions, such as body balance and reaction time, were assessed. Xylene alone did not significantly impair these functions, although there was a tendency towards impairment by the exposure to the higher xylene concentration. The impairment caused by alcohol alone was dose-dependent and exceeded that caused by xylene alone. The deleterious effects of xylene combined with alcohol were usually additive, although antagonism of alcohol effects on body balance by the higher xylene concentration was observed. The effects were pharmacodynamic rather than pharmacokinetic in nature. PMID- 7376890 TI - Weight gain and body composition in lithium treated rats. AB - Long-term lithium treated growing animals given 0.8-2.0 mmol/kg/day had a slightly but significantly faster weight gain than control animals. Greater doses did not give rise to significantly increased weight gain. Body composition, i.e., the percentage of water, fat, ash and "protein" was not affected in the faster growing lithium treated animals. The wet weight and the weight after drying of the stomach (with content) was increased shortly (hours) after the acute administration of lithium. The duration of the effect depended on the dose given. The weight of the large intestine was also increased after a dose of lithium, but only after some days of lithium pretreatment and mainly the wet weight. The effect was small but similar on the small intestine. In long-term lithium treated rats did the faecal weight and volume increase mainly due to increased water content, but only after some days of lithium treatment. PMID- 7376892 TI - d-Propoxyphene single dose kinetics in a subject taking phenobarbital. PMID- 7376891 TI - The pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide in man after treatment with allopurinol. PMID- 7376893 TI - Whole body autoradiography of 3H- and 125I-labelled calcitonin in young rats. PMID- 7376894 TI - Gamma aminobutyric acid effect on acetylcholine level and metabolism in rat cerebral cortex. AB - Gamma aminobutyric acid injected into the lateral brain ventricle of white rats in doses of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.6 mg raised the level of acetylcholine and in doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.6 mg increased acetylcholine synthesis. The effects were greatest 15 minutes after injection. Gamma aminobutyric acid injected intraventricularly in doses of 0.6 mg increased the activity of choline acetyltransferase but had no effect on the activity of choline esterase. PMID- 7376895 TI - Changes in plasma lactate concentration in women in labour and their newborns within the first days of life. AB - Changes in venous-blood lactate level were studied in women in three periods of labour and three time periods after labour, as well as in their newborns in the umbilical core blood and during the first several days of extrauterine life. The level was highest in women at the time of fetus delivery (passage of fetal head through the genital channel) and in the umbilical cord blood in newborns. The return of normal lactate value occurred parallelly in mothers and newborns. In several cases of labour with complications not induced pharmacologically the lactate levels were not different from those observed during spontaneous labours. PMID- 7376896 TI - The ATP level and pyruvate kinase activity in dog red cells. AB - The ATP level and pyruvate kinase (PK) activity were measured in red cells of 21 dogs. The obtained results are: ATP -- 732 +/- 197.3 mumoles/1 RBC, PK -- 919 +/- 452.3 mumoles/min/1 RBC. The ATP level in dog red cells was significantly lower than in rabbit and rat red cells (p less than 0.05). Possible explanation for the low ATP level in dog red cells is discussed. PMID- 7376897 TI - Studies on the effect of cystamine on imipramine metabolism in radiation sickness. AB - Investigations were carried out for elucidating the effect of cystamine on the metabolism of imipramine in rats irradiated with a dose of 600 R. The investigations were based on determination of desmethylimipramine, the principal metabolite of this drug. It was found that cystamine reduced the serum imipramine level to control values but had no effect decreasing the level of desmethylimipramine. It caused also no fall in the concentration of this metabolite in brain tissue and even it raised this concentration. The authors explained these findings as a result of secondary resorption of desmethylimipramine into the blood stream, and a result of changed activity of beta-glucuronidase, these mechanisms being partly responsible for the overall effect. PMID- 7376898 TI - Left ventricular wall motion determined by echocardiography in elderly subjects. AB - Few data regarding the aging-associated alteration in shortening of cardiac fibres are available. To investigate this problem echocardiographic examination in older, healthy, physically active subjects were performed to measure the parameters of left ventricle at rest. The measurements were made of the posterior wall excursion (PWE), mean posterior wall velocity (mean PWV) and maximal posterior wall velocity (PWVM). It was found, that aging involves reduction of all the analysed parameters. These findings suggest that aging in healthy, physically active man reduces shortening of left ventricular fibres and the amplitude of ventricular wall excursion in resting state. PMID- 7376899 TI - Respiratory activity of different parts of small intestine in starved and fed animals. AB - Using the manometric method of Warburg the respiratory activity of tissue homogenates of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was studied in starved and fed rats. The respiratory activity of mitochondria isolated from these parts of the small intestine was determined as well. The intensity of respiration was greatest in duodenal homogenates. The respiratory activity of jejunal homogenates was only slightly lower, while that of ileum homogenates was lowest. Oxygen utilization of intestinal homogenates from fed animals was much higher, particularly in the ileum, than in starved animals. During 50 minutes of incubation theu tilization of oxygen fell most rapidly in the duodenum and slowest in the ileum, and at the end of incubation the values obtained in starved and fed animals differed only slightly. Mitochondria showed similar patterns of oxygen uptake intensity as analogous homogenates, but the effects of starvation and feeding on mitochondrial respiratory activity differed -- in fed animals this activity was lower than in starvation. PMID- 7376900 TI - Protective effect of some pyridinium salts on acetylcholinesterase against organophosphate inhibition. AB - The protective effect of ten new synthetized mono- and bis-pyridinium salts on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) against DFP, Chlorphenvinphos, DDVP, IPO 62 and IPO 63 inhibition in vitro and in mice i.p. was studied. Moreover, abolition of tetanic block of the tibialis anterior muscle in rats after intoxication with DDVP by these salts was tested. An increase of the therapeutic effect of atropine after DFP poisoning in mice and a rise of LD50 values from 1.4 (PAN-W-15) to 5.1 times (PAN-W-14) was noted. The effect of PAN-W-14 and PAN-W-18 after inhibition by other organophosphates was found to be highest in human erythrocytes in vitro. In addition, prophylactic administration of PAN-W-14 prevented the tetanic block of the muscle in situ after DDVP intoxication. PMID- 7376901 TI - Excess cumulative blood flow and repayment during reactive hyperemia in human cutaneous tissue. AB - The influence of duration of vascular occlusion upon the reactive hyperemic response in human cutaneous tissue was studied in 6 subjects. Blood flow in cutaneous tissue was measured dorsally on the distal phalanx of the second finger by the local 133Xenon washout technique. Post-occlusive blood flow, calculated from the steepest part of the 133Xenon washout curve just after release of vascular occlusion, reached a maximum value when duration of vascular occlusion was 12 min. However, excess cumulative blood flow, i.e. the integrated blood flow during reactive hyperemia minus integrated pre-ischemic blood flow for a period corresponding to the duration of the reactive hyperemic response, increased with increasing duration of vascular occlusion from 3 to 24 min. Fractional repayment, i.e. excess cumulative blood flow divided by pre-ischemic blood flow times duration of vascular occlusion, was not correlated significantly to duration of vascular occlusion. However, there was a significant inverse correlation between fractional repayment and pre-occlusive blood flow, indicating that, besides metabolic factors, pre-ischemic blood flow in cutaneous tissue is influenced by other factors, such as heat regulation. PMID- 7376902 TI - Induced epileptiform activity evoked from dendrites of hippocampal neurones. PMID- 7376903 TI - Effects of physical training on metabolism of connective tissues in young mice. AB - The effects of physical training on the metabolism of collagen, calcium and glycosaminoglycans in various connective tissues were studied in male NMRI mice. The mice to be trained and their controls were about 3 weeks old (expt. I) and 8 weeks old (expt. II) at the commencement of training. The training was performed on a 5 degree inclined treadmill 5 days a week for 4 weeks in expt. I and for 3 weeks in expt. II. The daily exercise time was progressively increased from 20 min in the first week up to 80 min in the third week. The incorporation of 3H proline to collagen hydroxyproline was increased by training in long bones, skeletal muscle and Achilles tendon, whereas the incorporation of 35S-sulphate into glycosaminoglycans of bones was lower for the trained compared to the control mice. The differences between the two groups in the incorporation of 45calcium were negligible. The results indicate that the metabolism of collagen is accelerated by physical training in several connective tissues in young rapidly growing mice, whereas the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans remains uneffected or is even retarded. PMID- 7376904 TI - The effect of divalent and trivalent cations on the sodium permeability of myelinated nerve fibres of Xenopus laevis. AB - The effect of external Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba and La concentration was studied in potential clamp experiments on single myelinated nerve fibres of the frog (Xenopus laevis). An increase in cationic concentration caused a positive shift of the Na permeability (PNa) curve along the potential axis, a decrease in max. PNa and a decrease in the slope of the PNa curve. The effectiveness of Mg, Sr and Ba was similar and about 0.6 compared to that of Ca, whereas La was about 80 times more effective than Ca. PMID- 7376905 TI - Alkali metal cation transport through the human erythrocyte membrane by the anion exchange mechanism. AB - This work deals with the possibility that cations may be transported through the human red blood cell membrane as negatively charged ion pairs of the type XCO3-. Passive sodium influx into human erythrocytes was increased 4-fold when 150 mM chloride was substituted with bicarbonate in the medium. This increased permeability to sodium was completely abolished when the cells were pretreated with a specific inhibitor of anion transport (DIDS). Both bicarbonate-induced sodium influx and chloride exchange were linearly related to DIDS-binding. Both transport processes were completely inhibited by the binding of 1.1 X 10(6) DIDS molecules per cell. The presence of bicarbonate and/or pretreatment of the cells with DIDS did not change the permeability of the erythrocyte membrane to K+, Rb+, and Cs+ to any significant extent. The experimental findings support the hypothesis that Li+ and Na+, but not K+, Rb+, and Cs+ form monovalent negatively charged ion pairs with CO3--, which traverse the membrane through the anion exchange system. PMID- 7376906 TI - Role of heating in non-invasive blood pressure measurements in rats. AB - The "tail-cuff" technique for indirect blood pressure measurements was standardized, with respect to heating, in experiments on 47 adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The direct, intra-arterial, and the indirect blood pressures were simultaneously obtained. Pulse volume was recorded from the tail by a non invasive technique, and was controlled by gradual application of heat. It was found that pulse volume and body temperature were poorly related. A stable relation existed, however, between the error in the indirect blood pressure recordings and the pulse volume. The error was minimized, provided that the heating was adjusted to induce a pulse volume of at least 25% of the maximum obtainable value. It was suggested that the validity of the indirect blood pressure recording could be improved, if heat application was regulated on the basis of observations of pulse volume in the tail instead of ambient temperature or body temperature. Errors due to excessive vasoconstriction, or discomfort due to overheating could thereby be minimized. PMID- 7376907 TI - Comparison of mucus collecting methods in fish olfaction. AB - A new method for collecting non-contaminated skin mucus from fishes is introduced. The method is compared with a "customary" method by gel filtration, analysis of free amino acids, and determination of dry weight. Skin mucus collected by the "customary" method is shown to be contaminated by intestinal juice. The role of skin mucus as a source of fish odorants affecting fish behaviour is discussed in the light of the above findings. PMID- 7376908 TI - Chemical methods for fractionation of odorants produced by char smolts and tentative suggestions for pheromone origins. AB - Chemical procedures for fractionation of fish material containing odorants are described. These methods were developed with the aim of retaining the odorous activity of the material. Some of these methods were used to fractionate the intestinal contents of 1 1/2 year old smolts of a population of anadromous char (Salmo alpinus L.). The fractions were prepared, (a) for behavioural experiments to study possible attraction effects on mature char of the same population during the migration season, and (b) for testing in physiological experiments to elucidate the olfactory potency of the different fractions. The nature and origin of the attractive substances are discussed. PMID- 7376909 TI - Behaviour of mature anadromous char (Salmo alpinus L.) towards odorants produced by smolts of their own population. AB - Mature anadromous char (Salmo alpinus L.) of a specific population were tested in behaviour experiments with respect to attraction effects of smolts of the same population, smolt material, and chemical fractions of that material. The char reaction indicated preference for intestinal contents and possibly bile from own population over skin mucus material and food. Chemical fractions isolated from the intestinal contents were tested for attraction at a concentration of 1.5 x 10(-9) g per 1. One of the fractions attracted the mature char. The results are discussed in relation to the "migration pheromone" hypothesis proposed by Nordeng (1971) as being crucial for the return of anadromous salmonids to their home river's spawning grounds. PMID- 7376910 TI - Olfactory sensitivity to bile acids in salmonid fishes. AB - Monopolar DC-recordings were made simultaneously from two positions on the olfactory bulb of chars (Salmo alpinus L.) and graylings (Thymallus thymallu L.) using bile acids and amino acids as olfactory stimulants. The bile acids induced responses with characteristic spatial differences from those of the amino acids. The distribution of responses to bile acids indicated a neuronal activity in the medial part of the bulb. In contrast, amino acids elicit responses in the lateral part of the bulb. Taurine conjugated bile acids were up to 1 000 times more potent as olfactory stimuli than methionine. The results suggest that olfactory receptors are of two types, one responding to bile acids, the other to amino acids. 3 -alpha-hydroxysteroids are released from the fish into the water in quantities that suffice for detection by their olfactory system. The odorant potency of the bile acids, their evolutionary history and variability, together with their renowned adherent properties made them interesting candidates for specific signals in the acquatic environment. PMID- 7376911 TI - Control of tissue environment during vital microscopy of the microcirculation in the m. tenuissimus in cat. AB - The physiological preservation of the tenuissimus muscle preparation in cat during vital microscopy of the microcirculation is assessed, comparing the originally described technique with a modified approach. Differences in the compared techniques include modes of dissection and transillumination, room-air exposure and moisturizing procedures. The original technique involves extensive dissection, inadequate temperature control and irrigation in open air. The modified technique involves less surgery due to a new illumination system, controlled heating and a Mylar foil cover on the preparation to minimize room-air influences. Temperature measurements and analyses of energy metabolism (ATP, CP, glucose, G6-P and lactate) are used as objective criteria of tissue normalcy. The microcirculation and metabolism are evaluated during anesthesia (alpha chloralose) at rest as well as in hemorrhagic shock. In the resting state, muscle temperature drops to 28 degrees C with the irrigation technique, whereas the Mylar technique keeps the temperature at 34--35 degrees C. Neither technique causes deviations in normal metabolism. In shock, however, the temperature in the irrigated tenuissimus muscle fall 8--9 degrees C below deep muscle temperature and there is a significantly attenuated metabolic response to ischemia, while the Mylar preparation follows the changes of unexposed muscle, both in temperature and metabolism. PMID- 7376912 TI - Correlative analysis of microcirculatory and cellular metabolic events in skeletal muscle during hemorrhagic shock. AB - Skeletal muscle reactions to hemorrhagic shock were investigated in anesthetized cats (n = 23). The tenuissimus muscle was exposed for vital microscopy and shock was induced by single-withdrawal of 45% of the blood volume. Muscle microcirculation, energy metabolism and cell membrane potentials were followed over a 2 h period along with blood pressure, hematocrit and blood leukocyte, platelet, glucose, pyruvate and lactate contents. Bleeding usually caused complete cessation of muscle blood flow for 5--20 min, while the animal compensated the blood pressure. Reflex constriction occurred in medium-sized but not in terminal arterioles. When flow reappeared a marked maldistribution was evident in the capillary bed. Flow remained in 30--50% of the capillaries, permanently or intermittedly. Leukocytes could be found lodged in many arrested capillaries and also adhering to venules in large numbers. Erythrocyte or platelet plugs were not seen in the muscle microvasculature. Glucose and G6-P contents doubled and lactate increased 5-fold in muscle tissue during shock. CP was reduced by about 25% while the ATP-level remained unchanged. Membrane potentials declined 12% in shock and the spread in potentials from adjacent fibers increased. PMID- 7376913 TI - White blood cell deformability and plugging of skeletal muscle capillaries in hemorrhagic shock. AB - The cause of maldistributed capillary perfusion in hemorrhagic shock was investigated in a combined in vivo and in vitro study. The cat tenuissimus muscle was observed by vital microscopy before and after withdrawal of 45% of the blood volume. The induced shock conditions reduced the number of perfused capillaries about 50%. Close examination of the scattered, nonperfused capillaries showed that they remained open and almost invariably contained one or several leukocytes. These cells were usually located at the bulgings of endothelial cell nuclei, and when occasionally dislodged, recirculation immediately occurred. Platelet or erythrocyte aggregates were not seen in the microvasculature in shock. To test whether the trapping of leukocytes reflected an impaired deformability of these cells in shock or was merely a pressure dependent phenomenon, deformability studies were performed on leukocytes in vitro. Central venous blood was drawn before and 2 h after bleeding and leukocytes were separated by sedimentation. The passage-time of single leukocytes through a glass capillary stenosis at constant driving pressures was used as an index of cell deformability. No qualitative changes in stiffness were found after shock. The distribution of cell passage-times indicated, however, that the stiffest portion of the leukocyte population was removed from the circulation in shock. PMID- 7376915 TI - A note on periodic sweating. PMID- 7376914 TI - Vasodilatation in the dental pulp produced by electrical stimulation of the inferior alveolar nerve in the cat. AB - The effects of nerve stimulation on blood flow were studied in the dental pulp of anesthetized cats. Changes in iodide disappearance rate (k-value) from dentinal cavities were used to determine changes in pulpal blood flow. Electrical stimulation of the distal end of the cut inferior alveolar nerve after alpha adrenoceptor blockade (phentolamine, 3 mg/kg) consistently resulted in a rapid increase in disappearance rate. The first stimulation produced the greatest response (an average increase in k-values of 60%) and repeated stimulations showed a successive attenuation in response, the fourth stimulation usually having no effect. A progressive decrease in resting k-values was observed after the first stimulation, indicating an impaired exchange function of the capillary vessels. Systemic pretreatment with propranolol (0.5--1 mg/kg), atropine (3 mg/kg), mepyramine (3 mg/kg) and cimetidine (3 mg/kg) did not influence the rapid increase in k-values produced by the nerve stimulation. The experiments show that vasodilatation in the cat dental pulp produced by stimulation of the inferior alveolar nerve is not mediated by common efferent vasodilatory mechanisms and strengthen the hypothesis that the sensory nerve axon reflex mechanism is involved. PMID- 7376916 TI - Circulatory effects of decerebration in the unanesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 7376917 TI - Normal EDL and diaphragm muscles differ in their sensitivity to tetrodotoxin. PMID- 7376918 TI - Electrical field stimulation of myometrial strips from non-pregnant and pregnant guinea-pigs. PMID- 7376919 TI - Alterations in membrane electrical properties during long-term denervation of rat skeletal muscles. AB - Some membrane electrical properties of the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the rat were examined up to 21 days after denervation. The resting potential was significantly more depolarized at 3 days after denervation than it was at later times. The rate of rise (dV/dt) of the action potential decreased throughout the time course of the study but approached a steady value between 14 and 21 days after denervation. In addition, the dV/dt of tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant action potentials increased up to and including 7 days after nerve section, but declined thereafter. When expressed as % of control, the dose-response to TTX was similar throughout denervation. It is suggested that the large depolarization observed early in denervation may be related to the turnover of membrane constituents occurring at this time. The results also suggest that denervation produces a reduction in the number of fast TTX-sensitive Na+ channels with the appearance of a new population of slow TTX-resistant channels. However, long term denervation results in a reduction in the density of both types of channels. PMID- 7376920 TI - Sensitization of the rat parotid gland to secretagogues following either parasympathetic denervation or sympathetic denervation or decentralization. AB - The sensitivity of the rat parotid gland to chemical agents was examined 2--3 weeks after either parasympathetic denervation or sympathetic denervation or decentralization. The parasympathetically denervated gland was markedly sensitized towards methacholine; a nonspecific supersensitivity mainly mediated via alpha-adrenoceptors was also demonstrated. The sympathetically denervated gland had developed a supersensitivity which was both of the pre- and the postjunctional type; it was predominantly of the former type to noradrenaline and adrenaline, and entirely so to phenylephrine; it was of the latter type to isoprenaline, and also to methacholine. The sympathetically decentralized gland was mainly sensitized towards noradrenaline, adrenaline and isoprenaline. The postjunctional supersensitivity developed towards the sympathomimetic drugs after sympathetic decentralization was of about the same magnitude as that observed after sympathetic denervation; this type of supersensitivity was mainly mediated via beta-adrenoceptors. PMID- 7376922 TI - The locomotion of the low spinal cat. I. Coordination within a hindlimb. AB - Kittens were subjected to a complete transection of the spinal cord (Th 10--12) 1 -2 weeks after birth. A few days after the operation they could perform alternating limb movements and somewhat later walking movements with their hindlimbs on a treadmill. The stepcycle of the hindlimbs could be divided into a flexion phase (F) and a first (E1), second (E2) and third (E3) extension phase. The duration of the support phase decreased markedly with treadmill velocity while the swing phase decreased to a much smaller extent. The pattern of electromyographical activity in hip, knee, ankle and toe muscles during treadmill locomotion was very similar to that of the intact cat. This related to both the timing and the general shape of locomotor bursts. The extensor muscles were thus activated well before the placement of the foot and able to produce enough force to support the body. The propulsive thrust in each step was, however, decreased and the animals showed more severe deficits particularly in their equilibrium control. It is concluded, however, that neural networks in the spinal cord (with its peripheral inflow intact but without supraspinal influences) have the capacity to generate a specific and detailed locomotor pattern. PMID- 7376921 TI - Anaerobic threshold, skeletal muscle enzymes and fiber composition in young female cross-country skiers. AB - Anaerobic threshold (AT) and maximum oxygen uptake (max VO2) were determined in 15 young female cross-country skiers, aged 15--20 years, during incremental bycycle ergometer exercise. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were analyzed biochemically and percentage of slow twitch fibres (%ST fibres, myosin adenosine triphosphatase staining) histochemically in muscle samples obtained from m. vastus lateralis. Max VO2 correlated significantly with anaerobic threshold in ml x kg-1 x min-1 (mlAT) but when AT was expressed in percent of max VO2 (%AT) the correlation was insignificant. Significant correlations were found between %AT and SDH (r = 0.63) and between mlAT and CS (r = 0.58). Max VO2 showed no significant correlations with the enzymes studied or %ST fibres. The results of the study seem to support the hypothesis that anaerobic threshold is related to oxidative capacity of muscle. PMID- 7376923 TI - The locomotion of the low spinal cat. II. Interlimb coordination. AB - The interaction of the two hindlimbs were investigated by an analysis of the muscular activity and the movements in 14 chronic spinal kittens during treadmill locomotion (i.e. in kittens subjected to a transection of the spinal cord (Th10- 12)) one or two weeks after birth). At low speed the limbs were alternating (walk or trot). At higher they were activated more simultaneous, as during gallop. The two limbs could walk at different velocities, as during walking in a circle, when the two belts of the treadmill were driven at different speeds. The duration of the support phases was mainly influenced by the speed of the belt on which the limb was walking. The limbs could still maintain a common rhythm up to a two or three fold speed difference, as the flexion or the first extension phase of the limb walking on the "fast" belt was prolonged and the flexion phase of "slow limb" was shortened. At extreme speed differences the limb on the "fast belt" performed 2, 3 and even 4 steps during one stepcycle of the "slow limb". The placement of the feet was found to maintain the most stable relationship during alternating gaits at different speed differences. It is concluded that all phases of the step cycle are modifiable and that there are several mechanisms coordinating the limbs within the spinal cord. PMID- 7376924 TI - Respiratory effects elicited in newborn animals via the central chemoreceptors. PMID- 7376926 TI - Incidence and prevalence of treated mental disorders. Health care planning in a small-town-rural region of Upper Bavaria. AB - An analysis of those to be cared for and those destined to provide the care is necessary, in order to develop an effective system of mental health care. Such an analysis is given here for a rural-small-town region of Upper Bavaria with 424,000 residents. The treated incidence and prevalence are presented according to sex, age and diagnosis. The morbidity rates for patients from communities of various sizes and distances from the institution of treatment are discussed as an example of ecological analysis. The future planning for the research area should be based on varied community-centred possibilities for psychiatric care. PMID- 7376925 TI - Exit of tryptophan and phenylalanine from bovine cerebral cortex synaptosomes. PMID- 7376927 TI - Studies on the prolactin response induced by electroconvulsive therapy in schizophrenics. AB - Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and simulated ECT (SECT)-induced prolactin response has been studied in 14 schizophrenic males. Cortisol, growth hormone, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) changes have been measured simultaneously. The prolactin rise was significantly higher after ECT than after SECT. Cortisol increase after ECT did not exceed significantly the elevation after SECT. Changes in growth hormone and TSH concentrations were inconsistent and non-significant. On the basis of the results it may be assumed that ECT-induced prolactin response is a consequence of specific transmitter changes in the CNS and not a result of stress reaction or generalized neuronal discharge. ECT-induced prolactin response was negligible in two cases. Both patients were chronically hospitalized schizophrenics resistant to therapy. Whether the prolactin response or its absence is of predictive value with respect to prognosis or effect of ECT remains to be seen. PMID- 7376928 TI - A nation-wide census of psychiatric out-patients in Denmark. PMID- 7376929 TI - Long-term fluphenazine decanoate maintenance dosage requirements of chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - Forty-seven schizophrenic out-patients, who were satisfactorily maintained on a depot injection of fluphenazine decanoate, and who received the injection every 28 days, were progressively withdrawn from medication by increasing the time interval between injections while maintaining the amount of of drug per injection. The rate of reduction varied with each patient depending on various factors such as environmental stress considerations, and the patient's wishes. Finally three injections at 8-weekly intervals were given before complete withdrawal. The follow-up period was 23.7 months with a standard deviation of 1.9. A relapse rate of 80% was found, 25 patients relapsing during the withdrawal phase and 22 patients after the drug had been completely withdrawn. PMID- 7376930 TI - Angiography in uterine and adnexal tumors. AB - A series of 106 patients with uterine or adnexal lesions is presented. Bilateral selective internal iliac angiography proved to be valuable in the preoperative diagnosis of gynecologic tumors regarding their origin and in the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign tumors. PMID- 7376931 TI - Radiologic evaluation of the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The severity of rheumatoid arthritis in 20 groups of limb joints was evaluated by means of 661 skeletal radiologic examinations on 188 patients. The severity of the disease was classified by grades 0 to 5 in accordance with Larsen's grading system and was related to the duration of the condition. The result differs at several points from results in other surveys. PMID- 7376932 TI - Arthrographic diagnosis of ruptured calcaneofibular ligament. I. A new projection tested on experimental injury post mortem. AB - A new projection, oblique axial, is recommended for the arthrography of the acute sprained ankle for the correct diagnosis of a ruptured calcaneofibular ligament. Its value is experimentally confirmed. PMID- 7376933 TI - Balloon catheters. In vitro experiments on pressure influence and risk of rupture. AB - Balloon catheters with latex balloons were inflated in plastic tubes of different diameters. The volume at rupture of the balloons was measured. The pressure inside the balloon and that caused by the balloon against the tube walls were recorded. Measures to avoid high pressure on the vessel wall, and balloon rupture, are discussed. PMID- 7376934 TI - Radiography of the small intestine with large amounts of cold contrast medium. AB - A rapid method using a large amount of cold Mixobar for radiography of the small bowel without duodenal intubation is presented. The diagnostic value of the method and the transit time were analysed in 203 patients. The quality of the examinations was good. The transit time was reduced compared with conventional methods. PMID- 7376935 TI - Radiographic appearances in Crohn's disease. III. Colonic lesions following surgery. AB - Posteroperative films of 114 patients subjected to a primary operation for Crohn's disease were reviewed with special regard to postoperative lesions in the colon. Recurrence in the colon was in 13 patients of 16 due to an exacerbation of the disease in segments left behind at operation. Recurrence in the new distal ileum in addition to persistent colonic disease occurred in 11 patients of 12. This was probably due to the operative connection of the ileum to a diseased colon. PMID- 7376936 TI - Radiography in primary tumors of the small bowel. AB - The value of radiography in patients with tumors of the small bowel was assessed retrospectively in 63 patients, who had been subjected to radiography, in a series of 118 patients treated for such tumors. Thirteen of 17 jejunal tumors (76%) and 19 of 46 ileal tumors (41%) were diagnosed preoperatively. Elective barium examination of the small bowel was performed in 36 patients, in whom the tumors were diagnosed in 18. When the small bowel examination was performed during obstruction, 7 of 21 tumors were diagnosed. With the barium examination, adenocarcinomas and carcinoid tumors were often diagnosed correctly. In 32 patients angiography was carried out, and the nature of the tumor was disclosed in 24 (75%). PMID- 7376937 TI - Cisternal abnormalities produced by clinical tumours in the posterior cranial fossa. I. Cerebellar tumours. AB - A detailed analysis of the deformities of the subarachnoid cisterns was carried out in a clinical material of 65 cases with cerebellar tumours examined by encephalography. The distortion of the cisterns was related to 8 different tumour positions, and the results compared with those from a previous experimental investigation. Typical cisternal distortions for cerebellar tumours are listed, constituting a basis for a general analysis of the cisternal abnormalities demonstrated by whatever means of neuroradiologic procedure employed: pneumography, computer tomography or cisternography with positive contrast medium. PMID- 7376938 TI - Atlanto-axial dislocation due to ossiculum terminale persistens. Report of two cases treated by a new technique of posterior fusion. AB - Two cases of atlanto-axial dislocation due to ossiculum terminale of the odontoid process are reported. A new technique of posterior fusion with a Y-shaped plate is described. Embryological data, clinical features, and operative treatment of this unusual condition are discussed. PMID- 7376940 TI - The ulnar-tunnel syndrome. PMID- 7376941 TI - Evaluation of the humoral response of meningioma patients to possible common tumour-associated antigens. AB - The humoral response of 39 meningioma patients to possible tumourassociated antigens was studied by means of an antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity test (ADCC). Five patients were found to have cytotoxic antibodies against 1 to 10 meningioma cell lines. However, three of these were also cytotoxic against malignant glioma cell lines but not against other unrelated tumours. These results suggest the existence of surface antigens common to meningiomas and gliomas. PMID- 7376942 TI - Superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomosis in Moyamoya disease. AB - A 41-year-old Libyan woman with Moyamoya disease and persisting post-stroke neurological deficits was treated by a superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis. The postoperative angiograms revealed that the STA was rapidly irrigating the territory of the middle cerebral artery including those regions that had been filled preoperatively via different networks of collaterals. Furthermore prompt venous drainage was seen to occur postoperatively. Following surgery EEG analyses revealed considerable increase in the electrical brain activity, and neurological examinations showed reversal of neurological deficits. The dependence of the postoperative neurological improvement on the increased cerebral blood supply through the new collateral channel could be demonstrated by the effect of temporary occlusion of the STA on the electrical brain activity. PMID- 7376939 TI - Metastatic extradural malignancy of the spine. AB - One hundred and twenty cases of malignant extradural spinal compression have been reviewed. It is essential to treat such patients early whilst their neurological defects are minimal. When useful function has been lost, it is rarely regained postoperatively, irrespective of the rate of onset, and particularly if the duration of the fixed deficit exceeds 24 hours. PMID- 7376944 TI - Prevention of recurrence of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage by tranexamic acid. AB - Tranexamic acid as an antifibrinolytic agent has been investigated in a controlled study in patients with recent subarachnoid haemorrhage. It is concluded that tranexamic acid improves neither rebleeding rates, nor mortality. Predominantly thrombotic complications have been noted as a more serious side effect of tranexamic acid. PMID- 7376943 TI - Intracranial ruptured aneurysm accompanying moyamoya phenomenon. AB - Three cases of moyamoya phenomenon associated with an aneurysm in the periphery of a lateral ventricle presenting with intracranial haemorrhage are reported. In case 1 the aneurysm was located in the right basal ganglia, and the patient improved under conservative management. The aneurysm had increased in size on the second angiogram, and disappeared on the third angiogram obtained nine months after the attack. In Case 2 the aneurysm was located in the peripheral portion of the left posterior cerebral artery, and was surgically excised. Pathological examination on surgical material revealed collagenous tissue and laminae only in part of the aneurysmal wall. In Case 3 the aneurysm was located in the peripheral portion of the right anterior choroidal artery. This patient died, and the autopsy revealed an angiomatous lesion in the choroid plexus of the right lateral ventricle, but the aneurysm itself could not be identified. These findings indicate that an aneurysm has formed in a portion of a weakened vascular group represented by an abnormally dilated collateral pathway, and that the most likely reason for this would be haemodynamic stress. PMID- 7376945 TI - Subdural haematoma as a complication in the surgical removal of intracranial hydatidosis. AB - A patient with multiple cerebral hydatidosis was operated on through a left frontal craniotomy. The occurrence of a subdural haematoma over the right cerebral convexity, secondary to cerebral decompression during the operation, proved fatal. The authors wish to draw attention to the possibility of this type of complication in surgical procedures likely to produce cerebral collapse. PMID- 7376947 TI - Malignant subdural effusion. A case report. AB - A case of subdural effusion caused by carcinomatous metastatic dural deposits is presented. An attempt is made to explain the possible underlying pathophysiological mechanism of malignant subdural haemorrhagic effusion. Whenever malignant subdural effusion is suspected, biopsy of the membrane and cytological examination of the fluid is imperative for a definite diagnosis. PMID- 7376946 TI - Intracranial hypotension--an iatrogenic complication of vacuum drainage systems. PMID- 7376948 TI - Intracerebral haematoma in an infant with haemophilia A. AB - A nine-weeks-old infant with haemophilia A developed an intracerebral haematoma. Intracranial operation and removal of the haematoma were performed safely under the cover of highly potent AHF cryoprecipitate. Computerized tomography of the brain is very useful for neurosurgical care of the haemophiliac patients as a noninvasive and atraumatic method of examination. The literature of intracranial operations in infants with haemophilia A under the age of one year is reviewed. PMID- 7376950 TI - Intradural variant of cervical nerve root fibres. Potential cause of misinterpreting the segmental location of cervical disc prolpases from clinical evidence. AB - In 40 postmortem specimens the cervical posterior roots were examined under the surgical microscope, and intradural communicating fibres between neighbouring segments were demonstrated. The implications of these frequent variants for the diagnosis of prolapsed cervical discs are discussed. PMID- 7376949 TI - Spontaneous intramedullary haematoma as a complication of anticoagulant therapy. AB - We report an intramedullary haematoma that occurred as a complication of anticoagulant therapy. Contrary to the well-known epidural spinal haematomas an intramedullary haemorrhage, to our knowledge, has not been reported. The necessity for myelography and operation immediately after the appearance of typical clinical signs such as local vertebral pain and early paraparesis is stressed. The possibilities for reversing the effect of anticoagulants are outlined, and the problem of continuing thrombo-embolic prophylaxis postoperatively are discussed. PMID- 7376951 TI - Spinal vasomotor reflex and Cushing response. AB - A spinal vasomotor reflex that resembles the Cushing response (CR) can be evoked also by isolated intraspinal hypertension. The intensity of the spinal vasomotor reflex (SVR) depends primarily on the length of the isolated spinal cord, i.e., on the total vegetative elements that participate in this mechanism. The vasopressor effect produced by isolated intraspinal hypertension may be the consequence of ischaemia of the spinal vegetative structures. Cur data suggest that in the case of increased intracranial pressure, when craniospinal connections are free and there is no impaction, the CR is due not only the vasomotor centre in the brain stem, but also to spinal vegetative structures. PMID- 7376952 TI - Planum sphenoidale meningioma. Attachment and blood supply. AB - By reviewing clinical and radiological data and surgical findings of 35 so-called "olfactory groove meningioma" cases, the authors conclude that this is not a homogenous group. According to the attachment and blood supply they differentiate two varieties, the planum sphenoidale meningioma (PM) and the olfactory meningioma (OM). It seems possible to distinguish both groups clinically and with regard to the localization of hyperostosis and pneumencephalographic and angiographic findings. PMID- 7376953 TI - Spinal pathways mediating somatosensory evoked potentials from cutaneous and muscle nerves in the cat. AB - The Authors give evidence on the function of a pathway mediating somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) from muscle nerves, other than the dorsal columns: physiological and anatomical data prove its location to be in the spinothalamic tract. Previous contrasting results on the topic are discussed. PMID- 7376956 TI - [Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (LES)]. PMID- 7376954 TI - [Scleredema adultorum Buschke type]. PMID- 7376955 TI - [Poikilodermia atrophicant vascularis]. PMID- 7376957 TI - [Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) with myeloma IgA lambda and deficiency of cellular immunity]. PMID- 7376959 TI - [Cutaneous tuberculosis. Lupo-coliquative form]. PMID- 7376961 TI - [A case of follicular diskeratosis of unilateral distribution]. PMID- 7376960 TI - [Difficult classification of a lymphoma]. PMID- 7376958 TI - [Universal calcinosis]. PMID- 7376962 TI - [Ecrine syringofibroadenoma of Mascaro]. PMID- 7376964 TI - [Melanotic tumor of difficult classification. Benign juvenile melanoma of fusiform cells?]. PMID- 7376963 TI - [The so called intraepidemic epithelioma of Borst-Jadassohn]. PMID- 7376967 TI - [Biochemistry of enteropathic acrodermatitis]. PMID- 7376966 TI - [Senile keratosis]. PMID- 7376965 TI - [Bowen's disease and erythroplasia of Queyrat]. PMID- 7376968 TI - Molecular interactions of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor in a highly purified membrane-bound form. PMID- 7376969 TI - Dopamine receptor: isolation, purification, and regulation. PMID- 7376970 TI - Multiple receptors for serotonin in the rat brain. PMID- 7376971 TI - Detection of multiple receptors for dopamine. PMID- 7376972 TI - Steroid hormone receptors, brain cell function, and the neuroendocrine system. PMID- 7376973 TI - Brain glucocorticoid receptor: correlation of in vivo uptake of corticosterone with behavioral, endocrine, and neuropharmacological events. PMID- 7376974 TI - Myasthenia gravis: an example of receptor disease. PMID- 7376975 TI - Supersensitivity in peripheral organs. PMID- 7376977 TI - Drug transport into the central nervous system. PMID- 7376976 TI - Neuronal mechanisms of seizure initiation. PMID- 7376978 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of anticonvulsant drugs. PMID- 7376980 TI - Metabolism of PGH2 in the feline brain. PMID- 7376982 TI - Effects of intracerebroventricular arachidonic acid and indomethacin on angiotensin-induced drinking. PMID- 7376981 TI - Pressor action of centrally administered prostaglandin E1. PMID- 7376979 TI - Formation of prostaglandins in rat brain. Lack of effect of enkephalin. PMID- 7376983 TI - Factors affecting brain prostaglandin formation. PMID- 7376984 TI - Sex and gonadal steroid effects on arachidonate uptake into rat platelets. PMID- 7376987 TI - Prostaglandins and implantation in the rat. PMID- 7376985 TI - Lactogenesis induced by prostaglandin F2 alpha in pregnant rabbits. AB - PGF2 alpha may have a primarily luteolytic action and hence diminish Pg secretion. This triggers the release of PRL and other hormones of the lactogenic complex with the consequent production of milk substances in the mammary gland. Later, when the uterine tissue is depleted of Pg, pregnancy is terminated. PMID- 7376986 TI - Significance of prostaglandins in the regulation of cyclic events in the ovary and uterus. AB - We examined the role of prostaglandins in three pivotal events of the female reproductive cycle: ovulation, luteolysis, and menstruation. Four general approaches were adopted, using in vivo and in vitro models: use of inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and of PG action; immunoneutralization of individual prostaglandins; administration of exogenous prostaglandins; and attempts to correlate PG levels in tissues and body fluids to physiologic events. It can be concluded that prostaglandins or related metabolites of arachidonic acid are essential in laboratory rodents for follicular rupture and the release of a fertilizable oocyte, but not for other LH actions on the follicle that are mimicked by PG or for the neuroendocrine triggering of ovulation. PGs control the cyclic regression of the corpus luteum and appear also to be implicated in the decidual reaction and in the menstrual shedding of the endometrium in primates. Some aspects of the control of follicular PG formation and of PG action were analyzed. Gonadotropins stimulate follicular PG synthesis by a steroid independent cyclic nucleotide-mediated induction of cyclooxygenase. Both the thecal and granulosa cell compartments show this response. An effect of the phytolectin conconalavin A on ovarian PG synthesis is described. The response of follicular cells to prostaglandin E2 exhibits the phenomenon of desensitization and is influenced by agents modifying the structure and function of cytoskeletal elements. Evidence is put forward for the view that abrogation by PGF2 alpha of the stimulatory action of LH on luteal adenylate cyclase is the biochemical basis of the luteolytic action of this prostaglandin. While the precise mechanism of PG action on the endometrium remains to be defined, PG-synthetase inhibitors have already found useful applications in the management of menstrual disorders, such as functional dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia. The role in ovarian and uterine physiology of the more recently discovered labile arachidonate metabolites, such as the endoperoxides, prostacyclin, and thromboxanes, has not yet been adequately explored. PMID- 7376989 TI - Prostaglandin levels in cord venous plasma at delivery related to labor. PMID- 7376988 TI - Inhibition of PG biosynthesis as the maintenance mechanism of pregnancy of hCG. AB - In general, when the hCG values in the serum and urine reached their first peak, the PGF2 alpha and PGF2 alpha-MUM levels dropped. The hCG fell rapidly in inverse proportion to PGF2 alpha. During late pregnancy, hCG levels increased slightly and PGF2 alpha reached a low level again. From these observations, it can be stated that both PGF2 alpha and hCG played important physiologic roles in the maintenance of pregnancy. Normal pregnancy depends on this special antagonism. This anatagonism seems to be maintained by proper concentration of both hCG and PGF2 alpha. When this antagonism is disturbed during pregnancy as described above, the tendency toward decrease of hCG and increase of PGF2 alpha manifests and hence threatened abortion or actual abortion may result. PMID- 7376991 TI - Plasma levels of prostaglandin metabolites during spontaneous delivery. AB - 1. The fetal contribution to PGFM levels is smaller than supposed. 2. The highest levels of PGFM found at placental separation seem to indicate the decidual origin of PGs which enter the maternal organism via the open uterine veins. This assumption is supported by low levels during the postpartum period when contractions are nearly as strong as during labor, but the uterine veins are closed. 3. There is no evidence that obstetrical factors are correlated to PGFM levels. PMID- 7376992 TI - Bioconversion of arachidonic acid in human amnion during pregnancy and labor. PMID- 7376990 TI - Sequential prostaglandin metabolite values in pregnant patients delivering at term and preterm. PMID- 7376993 TI - Arachidonic acid content of decidua, fetal membranes, and amniotic fluid in early and near-term pregnancy. PMID- 7376994 TI - The role of a long-acting vaginal suppository of 15-ME-PGF2 alpha in first and second trimester abortion. PMID- 7376995 TI - Prostaglandin levels in menstrual fluid of nondysmenorrheic and of dysmenorrheic subjects with and without oral contraceptive or ibuprofen therapy. PMID- 7376996 TI - Systemic absorption from the vagina of PGE2 administered for the induction of labor. PMID- 7376997 TI - Intravaginal PGE2 gel prior to labor induction. PMID- 7376998 TI - The use of two-channel telemetric systems in obstetrics: an ideal monitoring method for oral PGE2 induction of labor. AB - Our results demonstrate that free mobility in labor has many advantages. Because of the accelerated uterine contractility, the induction-delivery interval is shortened. No unphysiologic baseline pressure alterations were found. The maximal labor amplitudes did not differ from bedside-monitored labor. No FHR-changes occurred and the fetal outcome was excellent. Being able to move about, women are not influenced by the unfamiliar surroundings of modern labor wards. Pain relief and breathing are better than in the recumbent position. The ideal compound to support labor is oral PGE2. PMID- 7376999 TI - Prostaglandin-synthesizing system in rat liver: changes with aging and various stimuli. PMID- 7377000 TI - Synthesis and metabolism of endogenous prostaglandins by human gastric mucosa. PMID- 7377001 TI - An hypothesis concerning the protective action of paracetamol against the erosive activity of acetylsalicylic acid in the rat stomach. PMID- 7377002 TI - Gastroenterology, prostaglandins, bradykinin, and rat ileum. PMID- 7377003 TI - Effects of 16, 16-dimethyl PGE2 on bile-induced increases in H+ permeability of rabbit esophagus. PMID- 7377004 TI - E prostaglandins and the stomach: pathophysiological mediators or therapeutic agents? PMID- 7377005 TI - Effects of prostaglandin E1, administered by gastric intubation, on mucus secretory patterns in rat small intestine. PMID- 7377006 TI - Saturation kinetics applied to the inhibition by PGE2 of ion transport in the isolated human jejunum. PMID- 7377007 TI - Mechanism of stimulation of gastrointestinal propulsion in postoperative ileus rats by 16,16-dimethyl PGE2. PMID- 7377008 TI - PGF2 alpha--a new therapy for paralytic ileus? PMID- 7377009 TI - Changes in electromyogram of isolated cat colon induced by prostaglandin E2. PMID- 7377010 TI - Rectal mucosal prostaglandin E release and electrolyte transport in ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7377011 TI - Mechanism of action of castor oil: a biochemical link to the prostaglandins. PMID- 7377012 TI - Human and animal monocyte heterogeneity expressed through the synthesis of prostaglandins and related lipids. PMID- 7377013 TI - Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes and rat macrophages. PMID- 7377014 TI - Metabolism of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin endoperoxide by assorted leukocytes. PMID- 7377015 TI - Regulatory role of prostaglandins in the primary and secondary immune response to SRBC in mice. The invivo and in vitro effect on plaque-forming cell response of primed spleen cells. PMID- 7377016 TI - E-rosette formation in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7377017 TI - PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and TXB2 biosynthesis by human rheumatoid synovia. AB - Prostaglandins (PG) are currently suspected to be involved in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We have studied the PG [PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and Thromboxane B2 (TXB2)] biosynthesis capacity of normal (from amputations) and pathologic (osteoarthritis (OA) and RA) synovia. The measurement is done on the whole homogenate and microsomal fraction after 40 min incubation, without exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) or with a saturating concentration (25 micrograms/ml) of this compound, using a radioimmunoassay method. There is a considerable increase in PGE2 and PGF2 alpha production by the rheumatoid synovia and more PGE2 and PGF2 alpha are formed. This production is more marked for homogenates than microsomal fraction. The OA group is not homogeneous and does not differ significantly either from normals or from RA. The addition of AA considerably increases the biosynthesis of PG in both normal and pathologic tissue. For TXB2, the first results (four synovia) show no or a small biosynthesis in RA as well as in normals. Nevertheless, the levels before incubation seem higher in RA than in normal tissue. PMID- 7377018 TI - Stimulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis induced by mononuclear cell factor added to cells from human gingiva, cartilage, synovium, and endometrium. PMID- 7377019 TI - Alteration of granuloma formation by PGE1: effects of an adenylate cyclase inhibitor and splenectomy. PMID- 7377020 TI - Changes of prostaglandin and thromboxane levels in pleural fluid of rat carrageenin-induced pleurisy. PMID- 7377021 TI - Effect of prostaglandins on complement receptors of human lymphocytes. PMID- 7377022 TI - Potentiation of thromboxane B2 release from guinea pig lung during anaphylaxis following exposure to 100% O2. PMID- 7377023 TI - Radioimmunoassay of thromboxane B2 in plasma of normal and asthmatic subjects. PMID- 7377024 TI - Prostaglandin-like substances in urine of asthmatic patients. PMID- 7377025 TI - Effect of fasting and sex steroids on arachidonate uptake into rat platelets. AB - Comparison of uptake between fed and fasted animals indicates that short-term changes in nutritional states significantly affects AA uptake and the effect of testosterone upon uptake. Consequently, the tradition of fasting animals prior to experimental manipulation may obscure not only sex differences but other factors as well. Clearly the experimental data obtained on fasted animals may not be a good model for Western man. PMID- 7377026 TI - Effects of diets varying in fat and P/S ratio on arachidonic acid metabolism in human platelets. PMID- 7377027 TI - Effects of dietary linoleic acid on the biosynthesis of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in kidney medullae in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7377028 TI - Effect of different amounts of linoleic acid in the diet on the excretion of urinary prostaglandin metabolites in the rat. PMID- 7377029 TI - Essential fatty acid supplementation inhibits the effect of dietary zinc deficiency. PMID- 7377030 TI - Effects of dietary variation in linoleic acid content on the major urinary metabolites of the E prostaglandins (PGE-M) in infants. AB - 1. EFA deficiency is associated with the impairment of prostaglandin E synthesis, which is reflected by the decrease of the urinary excretion of PGE-M. 2. Excessive administration of Intralipid results in increase of the relative concentrations of linoleic acid content in plasma, RBC, and tissues with a concomitant decrease of its higher homologue, arachidonic acid. These changes are associated with diminished PGE-M excretion similar to that seen in EFA deficiency. Further investigation is needed into the pathophysiologic consequences of EFA deficiency and the excessive administration of linoleic acid since both are associated with altered prostaglandin biosynthesis and turnover in the new-born infant, particularly among those stressed low birth weight infants whose nutritional status and management are an indication for these modes of therapy. PMID- 7377031 TI - Mammary gland prostaglandin synthesis: effect of dietary lipid and propyl gallate. PMID- 7377033 TI - [Electrophysiological and electronmicroscopical study of the retina of Suncus murinus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377032 TI - [Studies on the vitreous as supporting tissue of retinal activity. III. Influences of temperature to the retina in the eye-cup preparation of rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377034 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic studies of the macrophages on the anterior surface of the human iris (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377036 TI - [Choroidal detachment associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Part 2. Management and prognosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377035 TI - [Clinical and histological studies on 32 cases of pseudotumors of the orbit (author's transl]. PMID- 7377037 TI - [Prophylactic treatment of retinal breaks (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377038 TI - [Prognosis of untreated lattice degenerations in patients with retinal detachment in the fellow eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377039 TI - [Difference in meridional distribution of retinal breaks between eyes with retinal detachment and those without detachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377040 TI - [High incidence of retinal detachment with no detectable retinal break in eyes with degenerative myopia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377041 TI - [Refraction and age distribution of lattice hole type retinal detachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377042 TI - [Incidence of lattice degeneration and retinal break. I. Relation to age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377043 TI - [Incidence of lattice degeneration and retinal break. II. Relation to myopia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377045 TI - [Operation of the complicated cataract of Behcet's disease, long-term follow-up study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377044 TI - [Ocular sarcoidosis: a multivariate analysis of risk factors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377046 TI - [Orbital exenteration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377047 TI - [An optic pit hidden by papillary lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377048 TI - [Myopia and glaucoma. Analysis with visual field changes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377051 TI - "Sign language is too good for deaf people". PMID- 7377050 TI - [Effects of infrared rays to the rabbit retina. Part 2. Thermometrical studies on the retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377053 TI - Visual memory in the deaf. PMID- 7377052 TI - A demographic overview of teachers of the hearing imparied. PMID- 7377049 TI - [Studies on atopic traits in keratoconus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377054 TI - Instruction: the forgotten variable? A discussion of methodological issues in the investigation of sensory communication aids. PMID- 7377055 TI - Identification of the mentally gifted minor deaf child in the public school system. PMID- 7377056 TI - Teaching manual language to deaf children. PMID- 7377057 TI - Congenital deafness with cardiac arrhythmias: the Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome. PMID- 7377058 TI - Empathy development in deaf preadolescents. PMID- 7377059 TI - Prerequisites for a general education curriculum: determining the learning needs of deaf college students. PMID- 7377060 TI - Office spirometry. AB - The practicality of the office spirometer as an effective, inexpensive diagnostic device is well established. It can be used in a matter of seconds by minimally trained office personnel. Two basic parameters can be quickly and accurately measured: forced vital capacity (FVC), a test of volume indicative of restrictive lung disease, and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), a test of flow rate indicative of obstructive lung disease. The FEV1/FVC ratio is a valuable screening measurement that indicates the likelihood of progressive deterioration of pulmonary function. PMID- 7377061 TI - Child behavior assessment in family practice. PMID- 7377062 TI - Beta blockers and glaucoma. PMID- 7377063 TI - Drug reduces incidence of sudden cardiac death. PMID- 7377064 TI - View from the Hill. PMID- 7377066 TI - Vaccine manufacturers. PMID- 7377065 TI - Ilosone update. PMID- 7377067 TI - Treat mild hypertension. PMID- 7377068 TI - 'Doctor, is my child hyperactive?'. AB - Hyperactivity is a childhood behavioral disorder which may be due to emotional problems, developmental lags, high-normal energy levels or a combination of these factors. It may also occur as part of the syndrome of minimal brain dysfunction. Appropriate treatment depends on successful determination of the etiology. While drugs can be of appreciable benefit, treatment must also include professional support and education for the child and his family. PMID- 7377069 TI - Thyroid function tests. AB - Understanding basic thyroid physiology is essential to the proper interpretation of thyroid tests. The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland, which regulates the thyroid in a classic feedback loop. Thyroid hormone levels are determined by thyroid state and thyroid hormone binding. Triiodothyronine (T3) levels may be decreased by nonthyroidal illness or by certain drugs without affecting thyroid status. PMID- 7377070 TI - Proper use of aminoglycosides. AB - Streptomycin is still the treatment of choice for tularemia and plague, and is effective in a few other diseases. Neomycin is used primarily as a topical agent. The other aminoglycoside antibiotics are indicated in serious infections caused by the gram-negative enterobacteria and, except for kanamycin, are also effective in Pseudomonas infections. These agents are useful in combination with other antibiotics in several serious types of infections. Toxicity, mainly nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, is dose-related. PMID- 7377071 TI - Mitral valve systolic click syndrome. AB - Mitral valve prolapse, although usually a benign condition, can cause incapacitating chest pain or refractory arrhythmias. Among patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for evaluation of chest pain, 50 who were found to have mitral valve prolapse were analyzed. Three patients had neither a click nor a murmur. Echocardiography was diagnostic in 46 patients; two patients had no evidence of prolapse, and two patients had tests that were technically inadequate. Only 15 of the patients demonstrated a normal electrocardiogram. PMID- 7377072 TI - Treatment of hand infections. AB - Microorganisms most commonly enter the tissues through wounds, large or small. Prevention involves keeping the hands clean by frequent washing and avoiding contamination. Early infections may be aborted by cleansing and antibiotics. If an established infection does not respond to a brief trial of heat, rest, elevation and antibiotics, incision and drainage should be carried out promptly, without waiting for fluctuation. Needle aspiration is not an adequate substitute for early surgical incision. PMID- 7377074 TI - Prevention of thrombosis with antiplatelet drugs. PMID- 7377073 TI - Viral hepatitis. PMID- 7377075 TI - New guidelines for cancer detection create stir. PMID- 7377078 TI - Noncompliance hinders hypertension treatment. PMID- 7377076 TI - Abnormalities in brain may cause dyslexia. PMID- 7377077 TI - Endocrine therapy treats some cases of sexual impotence. PMID- 7377079 TI - Bug bites and stings. PMID- 7377081 TI - Treatment goal for anorexia: nutritional rehabilitation. PMID- 7377080 TI - Tricyclic antidepressant toxicity. PMID- 7377082 TI - Study confirms benefits of estrogen. PMID- 7377084 TI - Vomiting related to psychiatric illnesses. PMID- 7377083 TI - Case report of tularemia. PMID- 7377085 TI - The 'critical' patient and multiple organ failure. PMID- 7377086 TI - Treating duodenal ulcer: antacids or cimetidine? AB - Patients with symptomatic duodenal ulcer can be effectively treated with antacids or cimetidine. Many patients with a first episode or an occasional flare-up of ulcer disease should be treated with antacids. Cimetidine should be added if the response is unsatisfactory. Cimetidine should be used initially in patients with severe ulcer diathesis and in those with conditions such as diarrheal disease or chronic renal failure that predispose to troublesome side effects from antacids. For most patients, chronic cimetidine therapy after healing of the ulcer is not warranted. Exceptions are those with severe and complicated disease. PMID- 7377088 TI - A guide for the treatment of external otitis. PMID- 7377087 TI - Fine-needle aspiration cytology. AB - Fine-needle aspiration is a rapid, safe and accurate technique for diagnosing a variety of radiologically evident or palpable lesions. Cellular material is obtained from suspicious areas with an 18- to 23-gauge needle. The technique can be applied to lesions of the breast, prostate, thyroid and subcutaneous tissue, as well as to many pulmonary and intra-abdominal lesions. PMID- 7377090 TI - Evaluation of pericardial effusion with computed tomography. AB - Evaluation of pericardial effusion was attempted with computed tomography in 11 patients. The volume and distribution of pericardial fluid were assessed with satisfactory resolution and the nature of the fluid was estimated by the difference in x-ray transparency (CT numbers). The volume of pericardial fluid calculated by tomographic methods ranged from 25 ml. to 585 ml. and agreed well with the surgically drained fluid volume. The CT numbers of the pericardial effusion due to renal or heart failure, acute viral pericarditis, hypothyroidism, and hemopericardium were +12 to +13, +20, +28 to +30, and +26 to +40, respectively. Therefore the volume and gross nature of the pericardial fluid could be estimated noninvasively with computed tomography. PMID- 7377091 TI - Distribution and severity of left ventricular wall motion abnormalities according to age and coronary arterial pattern in 500 patients with coronary artery disease and angina pectoris. PMID- 7377092 TI - Effects of induced psychological stress on click and rhythm in mitral valve prolapse. AB - Our clinical observations suggested that anxiety accentuated the click in patients with mitral valve prolapse. In order to evaluate this systematically, a psychological stress was administered to 30 subjects--15 patients with click murmur syndrome and 15 normal controls. The phonocardiogram was recorded and the electrocardiogram were continuously monitored to assess the effects on arrhythmias. State Anxiety Inventory scores demonstrated an increase in anxiety during the psychological stress. A change in rhythm during psychological stress was noted in five of the 15 patients. No arrhythmias occurred in the control subjects during psychological stress (p less than .025). Amplitude of the click increased during psychological stress in five of the 15 patients, in four associated with arrhythmia. The only patient with auscultatory electrocardiographic variant developed frequent, multifocal ventricular ectopics with couplets during the psychological stress. Acute psychological stress exerts important effects on the rhythm and click only in some patients with mitral valve prolapse, and may provide a mechanism for intermittence of clicks and episodes of profound unexplained arrhythmias. PMID- 7377089 TI - An analysis of electrocardiographic, radiographic, and vectorcardiographic findings in patients with implanted cardiac pacemakers. PMID- 7377094 TI - Left ventricular function in severe pure mitral stenosis as seen at the Kenyatta National Hospital. AB - Twenty-one consecutive Black African patients with severe pure mitral stenosis were evaluated hemodynamically. It was found that advanced mitral stenosis presents itself in Kenya at a very young age (22.9 +/- 9.6 years, mean +/- S.D.), with all but three patients under thirty. Left ventricular angiography demonstrated significant impairment of left ventricular function with 50% of patients having abnormally low valves (mean ejection fraction 0.50 +/- 0.11). This diminished ejection fraction was related primarily to diffuse hypokinesia and an increased endsystolic volume. There was a significant deterioration of ejection fraction with increasing age which could not be correlated to increased severity of mitral stenosis or pulmonary hypertension. It is proposed that the diffuseness of the myocardial involvement and its progression with age in a young population without coronary artery disease represents the resolution of the acute inflammatory process of rheumatic fever in diffuse fibrosis of the myocardium and/or an occlusive vasculitis. PMID- 7377093 TI - Newly developed systolic murmur in patients with a transvenous pacemaker. AB - We encountered four cases in which a transvenous cardiac pacemaker produced a systolic musical murmur in the absence of any complications. This systolic murmur appeared only when the pacing was being cut off and disappeared soon after the pacing had been turned on. Although the exact mechanism of production of the murmur remains uncertain, several possible mechanisms for its occurrence are discussed. It is apparent from this study that a systolic murmur can newly occur without any obvious cause in patients with a transvenous pacemaker. PMID- 7377095 TI - Therapeutic indices for transchest defibrillator shocks: effective, damaging, and lethal electrical doses. AB - Although prospective studies of defibrillator shock overdose cannot be performed in man, the therapeutic indices of various defibrillating current waveforms can be measured in animals. We determined the ratios TD50/ED50 and LD50/ED50 (where TD50 = median "toxic" or damage-inducing dose, ED50 = median effective or defibrillating dose, and LD50 = median lethal dose) as measures of the therapeutic index for damped sine wave defibrillator shocks in dogs. Death of an animal and/or any degree of cardiac damage found by gross or microscopic examination were defined as harmful effects of shock, analogous to drug toxicity. In terms of peak current, the ED50, TD50, and LD50 were 1.1, 5.8, and 24 amperes/kg.; the therapeutic indices were TD50/ED50 = 5 for morphologic damage and LD50/ED50 = 22 for death. In terms of delivered energy the ED50, TD50, and LD50 were 1.5, 30, and 470 joules/kg.; the therapeutic indices were TD50/ED50 = 20 for damage and LD50/ED50 = 320 for death. These data indicate a reasonable margin of safety for damped sine wave defibrillator shocks in dogs, and are consistent with reported incidences of suspected shock-induced damage in humans. PMID- 7377096 TI - The influence of early repolarization variant on the exercise electrocardiogram: a correlation with coronary arteriograms. AB - Sixteen adult patients with S-T segment elevation in their resting electrocardiograms characteristic of early repolarization variant (ERV) and chest pain syndromes of possible myocardial ischemia were evaluated with both treadmill exercise electrocardiography and coronary arteriography. Of 14 patients with normal coronary arteriograms, 13 had their resting S-T elevation return ("normalize") to the isoelectric baseline with physical exercise, while one patient with normal arteriograms and normal left ventricular contractility but moderately elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of unknown etiology developed significant S-T depression with exercise. Two patients with significant coronary atherosclerotic occlusive lesions developed "ischemic" S-T depression during treadmill testing. Symptoms developed during treadmill exercise did not distinguish patients with coronary artery disease from those without. Thus, while ERV at rest may be "normalized" by graded physical exercise in the absence of significant coronary atherosclerosis, the presence of ERV does not prevent the usual electrocardiographic manifestations of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7377097 TI - Excitation of ischemic myocardium: altered properties of conduction, refractoriness, and excitability. PMID- 7377098 TI - Ajmaline in WPW syndrome: an electrophysiologic study. AB - Six patients including three females with WPW syndrome (three with type A and three with type B) presenting with recurrent paroxysmal tachyarrhythmia were subject to electrophysiological studies. Apart from basal parameters, rapid atrial and ventricular pacing was done which confirmed electrophysiological characteristics of bundle of Kent operation. A single intravenous bolus of ajmaline 50 mg. was effective in blocking the bundle of Kent in all patients within 30 seconds of injection with the effect persisting for 15 minutes in one and from 25 to 60 minutes in the others. The most dramatic effect was prolongation of the HV interval with normalization of QRS complex with a marginal effect on the AH interval. The drug was also effective in breaking narrow QRS tachycardia in two patients and broad QRS tachycardia in one patient. Long-term oral therapy with ajmaline has proved effective in preventing recurrent tachyarrhythmias. We conclude that ajmaline is specifically effective and safe in the treatment of the WPW syndrome. PMID- 7377099 TI - Submaximal exercise testing after unstable angina. AB - Sixty-one consecutive men, mean age 56 years, who fulfilled criteria for unstable angina and who responded to medical therapy, underwent submaximal exercise testing prior to hospital discharge and at least 3 days after their last episode of angina. Forty-two patients were receiving propranolol at the time of exercise. Submaximal exercise was targeted to 120 beats/minute and strict criteria for the premature termination of each study were followed. Follow-up data were available on 55 patients post-discharge over a period of 6 to 36 weeks. No patient suffered recurrence of unstable angina or myocardial infarction due to the exercise test. Exercise was prematurely terminated by an ischemic response (chest pain and/or ST segment changes) in 34 patients (56%) and by leg fatigue in 13 patients (21%). Only five patients had exercise-induced ventricular ectopic activity, four of whom were not receiving propranolol. Nine patients achieved the target heart rate. Exercise-induced abnormal electrocardiographic changes predicted the postdischarge recurrence of episodes of unstable angina (p less than 0.05). Comparison of predischarge submaximal exercise data with postdischarge maximal exercise shows that recovery in cardiovascular function after unstable angina occurs soon after stabilization and prior to the submaximal test. PMID- 7377101 TI - Exercise testing for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. PMID- 7377102 TI - The risk of coronary angiography and National Health planning. PMID- 7377100 TI - Histoplasma capsulatum endocarditis. AB - Endocarditis is a rare manifestation of disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum infection. A 22-year-old man presented with a seven month history of fever, weight loss, and progressive aortic insufficiency. The diagnosis of H. capsulatum was suggested by a diagnostic rise in complement fixation titers and positive echocardiographic findings. The diagnosis was confirmed prior to surgery by positive bone marrow culture. Progressive congestive heart failure necessitated replacement of the aortic valve which subsequently grew H. capsulatum. In this case, a combination of amphotericin B therapy and valve replacement was curative. PMID- 7377104 TI - Of pulmonary venous receptors. PMID- 7377103 TI - Bladder trauma from jogging. PMID- 7377105 TI - On Duroziez's disease. PMID- 7377106 TI - Incidence of thrombocytopenia in medical patients on "mini-dose" heparin prophylaxis. PMID- 7377107 TI - Cost of continuous infusion vs intermittent IV heparin. PMID- 7377109 TI - Prognostic significance of preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction and valve lesion in patients with aortic valve replacement. PMID- 7377108 TI - Comparison of exercise radionuclide angiocardiography and thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging in coronary artery disease. PMID- 7377112 TI - Cycle length in atrioventricular nodal reentrant paroxysmal tachycardia with observations on the Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome. AB - Sixty-five patients with dual pathway atrioventricular (A-V) nodal reentrant paroxysmal tachycardia were studied. Of these 65 patients, 11 (17 percent) had a short P-R interval (0.12 second or less) and 3 (5 percent) had a short A-H interval (53 ms or less) during sinus rhythm, suggesting the Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome. Frequency distribution analyses of P-R and A-H intervals in the 65 patients demonstrated continuous unimodal functions, suggesting a continuum of A V nodal properties. Regression analyses of P-R and A-H (fast pathway) intervals versus cycle length of paroxysmal tachycardia revealed an r value of 0.11 and 0.10, respectively (not significant). The cycle length of paroxysmal tachycardia did not differ between the 11 patients with a short P-R interval (370 +/- 20 ms) and the 54 patients without a short P-R interval (382 +/- 11 ms). Regression analysis of the slow pathway A-H interval versus cycle length of paroxysmal tachycardia revealed an r value of 0.68 (p less than 0.001). The cycle length of dual pathway A-V nodal reentrant paroxysmal tachycardia is a function of the slow pathway A-H interval and not the P-R or A-H interval during sinus rhythm. Identification of short P-R intervals in patients with A-V nodal reentrant paroxysmal tachycardia has little significance. PMID- 7377110 TI - Repetitive beating after single ventricular extrastimuli: incidence and prognostic significance in patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia. AB - The incidence of repetitive ventricular beating in response to programmed single ventricular extrastimuli delivered during spontaneous rhythm was tabulated in 59 patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Repetitive beating occurred in only nine patients (15 percent). The repetitive response seemed to be a result of bundle branch reentry in four subjects and possibly a result of other mechanisms in five. There was no difference in the incidence of repetitive beating or type of repetitive response in patients with and without ischemic heart disease. During an average patient follow-up period of 13.6 months, there were eight sudden and six nonsudden deaths. Life table analysis revealed a significantly greater incidence of sudden death in patients with ischemic than in patients with nonischemic heart disease. There was no significant difference in the incidence of sudden death in patients with and without repetitive beating. It is concluded that the repetitive response to single ventricular extra-stimulation is infrequent in patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia, and that repetitive beating is not a prognostic indicator or an indicator of vulnerability to ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7377111 TI - Electrocardiographic exercise testing and ambulatory monitoring to identify patients with ischemic heart disease at high risk of sudden death. AB - Prognostic significance of ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and exercise testing was studied in 144 patients with established ischemic heart disease. A follow-up study showed that 10 sudden deaths occurred within 2 years. The univariates most strongly associated with the subsequent occurrence of sudden death included reduced maximal exercise heart rate, exercise-induced frequent ventricular arrhythmias, complex ventricular arrhythmias revealed by 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and onset of S-T segment depression during exercise testing. Groups of patients at very high and very low risk of sudden death were identified using conjunction and inclusive disjunction of the foregoing variable. The presence of bivariate and trivariate combinations was associated with an increase up to 20-fold in the incidence of sudden death. Patients with the poorest prognosis were those who stopped exercise before achieving a high heart rate and who exhibited either pronounced electrocardiographic abnormalities during stress testing or complex ventricular arrhythmias during ambulatory monitoring. Combinations of exercise variables identified patients at a very high risk of sudden death, whereas combinations of monitoring variables appeared to be preferable for defining groups of patients at very low risk. The results obtained suggest that the two methods carry different prognostic information and, therefore, may complement each other in identifying potential victims of sudden cardiac death. PMID- 7377113 TI - Effect of brief and prolonged exercise on left ventricular function. PMID- 7377114 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: its potential impact on surgery for coronary artery disease. PMID- 7377115 TI - Natural and evoked atrial flutter due to circus movement in dogs. Role of abnormal atrial pathways, slow conduction, nonuniform refractory period distribution and premature beats. PMID- 7377116 TI - Reflex heart block. Baroreflex, chemoreflex and bronchopulmonary reflex causes. AB - Reflex heart block was studied in 20 dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and in 5 trained unanesthetized dogs. Three different vagal reflexes were produced: the Marey response during hypertension caused by administering methoxamine, a cardiogenic hypertensive chemoreflex activated by injection of serotonin into the left atrium and the Hering-Breuer reflex observed during normal respiration of unanesthetized dogs. In every dog during any of the three reflexes heart block was consistently observed after the normal slowing response of the sinus node had been selectively eliminated by the direct perfusion of 10 microgram of atropine into the sinus node artery. This was a uniform response despite its being variously produced by a pressor reflex, a chemoreflex or an extracardiac bronchopulmonary reflex. Transient heart block is therefore to be anticipated during reflexes with vagal efferent components if for any reason the sinus node is incapable of slowing suitably. The possible clinical relevance of these experimental observations is discussed. PMID- 7377117 TI - Attenuation by magnesium of the electrophysiologic effects of hyperkalemia on human and canine heart cells. PMID- 7377118 TI - Digoxin-quinidine interaction. Changes in canine tissue concentration from steady state with quinidine. AB - Tissue concentrations of tritiated digoxin inthe dog are altered by simultaneous administration of quinidine. Serum levels rise as tissue concentration decreases significantly in all tissue except brain tissue, where an increase of 51 percent is noted over that of the control digitalized state. The digitalis toxicity associated with digoxin-quinidine interaction appears to be associated with rising brain levels of digoxin and falling levels in the myocardium. These findings suggest a neurally mediated form of toxicity with this interaction related to a change in the space of distribution. The question of possible loss of inotropic effect associated with diminished myocardial digoxin concentration requires further study. PMID- 7377119 TI - Effects of selected drugs on serum digoxin concentration in dogs. PMID- 7377120 TI - Left ventricular regional wall motion assessment by multigated and end-diastolic, end-systolic gated radionuclide left ventriculography. PMID- 7377121 TI - Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias after the Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries. AB - To determine the mechanisms of the cardiac arrhythmias frequently seen after the Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries, intracardiac electrophysiologic studies were performed in 52 children 1 to 8 years after the Mustard operation. Sinus nodal automaticity as judged from the response to rapid atrial pacing was abnormal in 28 of the 52 children. Sinoatrial conduction (conduction of the sinus impulse to the atrium) was found to be abnormal in three of nine patients studied with the atrial extrastimulus method. Conduction of the sinus impulse from the high right atrium to the atrioventricular (A-V) node was abnormally delayed in only 2 of 41 subjects. The low lateral wall of the right atrium was depolarized late in 3 of 11 subjects (including the preceding 2). Two subjects showed delayed A-V nodal conduction and one delayed His-Purkinje conduction. The mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia induced in the laboratory was determined to be sinoatrial nodal reentry in four subjects and atrial muscle reentry in four. Two of the four with atrial muscle reentry had prolonged high right atrium to low lateral right atrium intervals during sinus rhythm. Thus, damage to the sinus node remains the most common cause of arrhythmias after the Mustard operation. In addition, delayed atrial conduction may predispose to atrial muscle reentrant tachycardia. PMID- 7377122 TI - Left ventricular function in cyanotic congenital heart disease. AB - Left ventricular function was studied with quantitative biplane cineangiocardiography in 39 preoperative and 23 postoperative patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Diagnoses included pulmonary atresia or critical pulmonary stenosis with intact ventricular septum (group 1), tricuspid atresia (group 2) and pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (group 3). Preoperative patients ranged in age from 1 day to 7 years and postoperative patients from 7 weeks to 23 years. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume was increased in preoperative patients in groups 1 and 2 (132 and 136 percent of normal, respectively) but was normal in patients in group 3. Left ventricular ejection fraction was decreased to a similar extent in preoperative groups 1 to 3: 0.54, 0.55 and 0.56, respectively. After a shunt procedure left ventricular end-diastolic volume increased to 228 and 266 percent of normal in groups 1 and 2, respectively, but remained within normal limits in group 3. Left ventricular ejection fraction was normal in postoperative group 1 patients, whose ages averaged 1.8 years, but remained decreased in group 2 and 3 patients, whose ages averaged 8.1 and 5.6 years, respectively. Duration of cyanosis and degree of left ventricular dilatation appear to be important variables in regard to pump function in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. PMID- 7377123 TI - Oral amrinone in refractory congestive heart failure. AB - The acute effects of an oral preparation of amrinone, a recently synthesized cardiotonic agent, were assessed noninvasively in nine patients who had advanced heart failure that persisted despite treatment with digitalis, diuretic drugs and afterload-reducing agents. All patients demonstrated an improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction determined by radionuclide ventriculography (20.3 +/- 2.8 to 30.8 +/- 4.8 percent [mean +/- standard error of the mean], p less than 0.005) after a single dose of amrinone. Initial effects were seen within 1 hour, with the peak effect occurring at 1 to 3 hours; persistent effects were demonstrable at 4 to 6 hours. No change in blood pressure, heart rate or rhythm was observed, and there was no clinical evidence of myocardial ischemia. Continued benefit was demonstrated by radionuclide ventriculography in two patients treated for 1 and 6 weeks, respectively, although two other patients experienced major side effects with the chronic administration of amrinone. Although orally administered amrinone shows promise as a potentially useful agent in the treatment of advanced heart failure, the safety of this drug remains to be established. PMID- 7377124 TI - Valved apico-aortic composite conduits for left ventricular outflow tract obstructions. A 4 year experience with 27 patients. PMID- 7377126 TI - Angiographic demonstration of different pathogenetic mechanisms in patients with spontaneous and exertional angina associated with S-T segment depression. AB - Three patients complained of spontaneous and exertional chest pain, both associated with S-T segment depression in anterior electrocardiographic leads. In each, coronary spasm was demonstrated on coronary arteriography during a spontaneous attack of pain. Coronary arteriograms taken during exercise-induced angina did not show evidence of spastic obstruction; this suggests that exercise induced chest pain and S-T segment depression were secondary to the increase in oxygen requirements rather than to a sudden decrease in coronary blood flow. Thus, two pathogenetic mechanisms coexisting in the same patient may cause chest pain associated with subendocardial ischemia. PMID- 7377125 TI - Can accelerated atrioventricular junctional escape rhythms be explained by delayed afterdepolarizations? PMID- 7377127 TI - Sudden death while running in conditioned runners aged 40 years or over. PMID- 7377128 TI - Diagnosis of coronary artery disease with exercise radionuclide imaging: state of the art. PMID- 7377129 TI - Assessing the electrical stability of the heart in human beings. PMID- 7377130 TI - Diastolic septal motion in mitral stenosis. PMID- 7377131 TI - Measurement of antithrombin III in normal and pathologic states using chromogenic substrate S-2238. Comparison with immunoelectrophoretic and factor Xa inhibition assays. AB - Synthetic substrates have recently been developed for the assay of several of the proteolytic enzymes required for blood coagulation, One of these substrates, S 2238, is specific for thrombin and hence can also be used to measure antithrombin heparin co-factor (AT-III). The thrombin remaining after neutralization by AT-III cleaves a chromophore, p-nitroaniline, from the substrate, which can then te quantified in a spectrophotometer. This new assay for AT-III inhibitory activity was evaluated for normal subjects and for patients who had certain pathologic conditions associated with reduced levels of AT-III. Results from this assay were compared with those from AT-III assays by Laurell immunoelectrophoresis (an immunologic method) and antithrombin inhibition of factor Xa (a biologic clotting method). The chromogenic assay using S-2238 was found to be sensitive, accurate, and easy to perform; its results for both normal subjects and patients correlated extremely well with those of the immunologic and factor Xa inhibition assays (r = 0.94-0.98). Measurement of AT-III using this synthetic substrate should be a valuable addition to routine assays in a clinical coagulation laboratory. These and future substrates may prove extremely useful for assays of factors involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. PMID- 7377132 TI - Clinical evaluation of a new electrical impedance instrument for counting platelets in whole blood. PMID- 7377133 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen and L-fucose in malignant and benign mammary disease. AB - A prospective study of 123 patients was undertaken to determine whether carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or L-fucose could be used as "tumor markers" to distinguish patients who had mammary cancer (41) from patients who had benign mammary disease (41) and patients who did not have mammary cancer (41). The predictive value of positive test results for both L-fucose and CEA was lower for patients who smoked than for those who did not. The sensitivities of CEA and L fucose indicators are both below 55%. There were frequent false-positive and false-negative results. A substantial overlap in the levels of CEA and L-fucose was found for the patients who had mammary cancer and those who had benign mammary disease. CEA and L-fucose performed similarly in distinguishing cancer from benign disease. For patients who smoked, however, the predictive value of L fucose was only 44%. The effect of smoking on L-fucose levels may account for discrepancies in L-fucose data reported in previous studies of mammary cancer. Neither CEA nor L-fucose were found to be of value in screening for mammary cancer. PMID- 7377134 TI - A comparison of the quantitative action of protamine and heparin on blood coagulation. Significance in clinical and laboratory usage. AB - Protamine is a considerably weaker anticoagulant than heparin. At a concentration in plasma of 0.05 mg (5 units/ml), heparin rendered the plasma incoagulable, while protamine produced only a mild-to-moderate lengthening of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT). Protamine concentrations between 0.3 and 1.0 mg/ml of plasma produced marked prolongation of APTT and PT, but the thrombin time (TT) was shortened. Between protamine concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/ml of plasma, the fibrinogen was precipitated to a variable degree, the APTT and PT were more than 200 sec, and the TT was moderately prolonged. High doses of protamine prolonged APTT, simulating heparin effect. Although APTT is prolonged both by heparin and protamine, TT is either normal or shortened in protamine excess and prolonged in heparin excess. To differentiate between the protamine and heparin excess, a combination of APTT and TT, supplemented by an estimation of fibrinogen and fibrin-fibrinogen split products, is recommended. The significance of these observations in the interpretation of the tests on blood coagulation is discussed. PMID- 7377135 TI - Ultrastructural features of respiratory cilia in cystic fibrosis. AB - The respiratory cilia of nine patients with cystic fibrosis were examined by electron microscopy. In contrast to patients with "immotile cilia syndrome," the cilia from the patients with cystic fibrosis contained dynein arms and radial spokes. A low percentage of abnormal cilia were detected in all nine patients, but, except for the occurrence of rippled cilia in these patients, the alterations were similar both in morphologic terms and incidence to alterations in a control group of patients with chronic bronchitis. Lesions included compound cilia, excess cytoplasmic matrix, and an abnormal number or arrangement of microtubular doublets. Patients suffering from cystic fibrosis do not exhibit ultrastructural ciliary alterations characteristic of immotile cilia syndrome. PMID- 7377136 TI - Myospherulosis--further observations. AB - Myospherulosis has recently been shown to be composed of altered erythrocytes. Mysopherules have been produced in vivo and in vitro using a petrolatum-based tetracycline antibiotic ointment (Achromycin). In the reported study, myospherules were produced in vitro using either lanolin or petrolatum, the two components of the vehicle of this ointment. Additionally, human fat produced myospherules in vitro. PMID- 7377137 TI - Clinical laboratory determination of antithrombin III. A new semi-automated method. AB - A new, semi-automated method for determination of antithrombin III activity in the clinical laboratory is presented. The assay is performed utilizing the chromogenic substrate S-2238 and the ABA-100. Results are expressed in arbitrary units of activity; thus, construction of standard curves with interpolation of values is not necessary. The assay has a low day-to-day coefficient of variation (6%), is insensitive to heparin, and gives reliable results in a variety of clinical situations known to affect antithrombin III activity. PMID- 7377138 TI - Comparison of the carcinoembryonic antigen levels by dialysis and sephadex column methods. AB - Duplicate plasma samples from 64 human donors were tested and compared for the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by the conventional dialysis and sephadex column methods. Results from the column method were similar to those from the dialysis method, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9959. In addition, the assay time by the sephadex column was only four to five hours, as compared with 18 to 24 hours for the dialysis procedure. The potential usefulness in substituting the sephadex column for the dialysis method in CEA determinations is discussed. PMID- 7377139 TI - Type and screen. Use and effectiveness in elective surgery. PMID- 7377140 TI - Mucosal invasion in campylobacter enteritis. AB - Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni has recently been recognized as a significant cause of enteritis in humans. The organism has been previously postulated to cause illness by direct invasion of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, but this has not been documented. Reported is a case of Campylobacter enteritis in which mucosal ulceration and crypt sbscesses were seen on rectal biopsy, suggesting that the pathogenesis of Campylobacter fetus enteritis involves direct mucosal invasion. PMID- 7377141 TI - Lepromatous leprosy presenting as orchitis. AB - Two patients with lepromatous leprosy presenting initially because of lepromatous orchitis are reported. These cases are unusual because they were diagnosed as lepromatous orchitis at a stage when no other evidence of leprosy was present. Generalized skin lesions characteristic of lepromatous leprosy subsequently developed in one of these patients. It is suggested that lepromatous orchitis should be actively considered in the differential diagnosis of orchitis and infertility. PMID- 7377142 TI - A fatal case of cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia. AB - A fatal case of acute low-titer wide-thermal-range cold agglutinin disease is reported. High-dose corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and plasmapheresis failed to control hemolysis. This uncommon syndrome is discussed, and current approaches to treatment are reviewed. PMID- 7377143 TI - Glial polyp of the cervix and endometrium. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - This paper describes the case of an 18-year-old woman who had recurrent inflammatory cervical endometrial polyps due to glial implantation after a spontaneous abortion treated with curettage. The lesion is considered benign. PMID- 7377144 TI - Hepatic silicosis. PMID- 7377146 TI - Type and antibody screen. PMID- 7377145 TI - Heparin anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass in an antithrombin-III deficient patient. Implications relative to the etiology of heparin rebound. AB - A case of antithrombin-III (AT-III) deficiency was diagnosed on the basis of a diminished anticoagulant effect following the administration of heparin for cardiopulmonary bypass. The clinical evaluation and interpretation of a diminished response to heparin is discussed, as are considerations relative to the treatment of AT-III deficient persons whose disorder is not manifest until they are already anesthetized for cardiovascular bypass. The implications of AT III deficiency relative to the mechanism of heparin rebound are also discussed. PMID- 7377147 TI - Ultrastructure of endometrial stromal foam cells. PMID- 7377149 TI - New thoughts on aspirin. PMID- 7377148 TI - Inhibition of iron absorption by certain foods. PMID- 7377150 TI - Injuries in high school physical education classes. AB - Suburban high school pupils participating in physical education classes sustained 3.6 injuries per 100 participants per year that were noted on official school accident reports, and 5.4 injuries per 100 for which pupils visited the school nurse. These latter injuries were minor. The official school accident reports indicated that injuries occurred at approximately equal rates in boys and girls; most were due to accidents that did not involve another participant or a piece of sports equipment, and, although usually not severe, were referred by the school nurse for further evaluation or treatment in some cases. Sprains were the most common type of injury and the ankle was the most commonly injured area. No particular set of conditions was identified wherein preventive measures could be taken to decrease the injury rate. PMID- 7377151 TI - Inhibition of iron absorption from human milk by baby food. AB - We measured the effect of a common baby food, strained pears, on the absorption of iron from human milk. Five adult subjects were initially fed 1 dL of human milk that contained added ferrous citrate Fe 59; the same subjects were later fed human milk and one jar of baby food. Incorporation of 59Fe into RBCs averaged approximately one quarter of the administered iron from the human milk. When the milk was combined with the baby food, incorporation was significantly decreased. The addition of a supplemental food to the diet of the breast-fed infant impairs the bioavailability of the iron from human milk. PMID- 7377152 TI - Salicylate therapy in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Dose, serum level, and toxicity. AB - In a prospective study of aspirin therapy for 67 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, we have found that (1) doses greater than 100 mg/kg/day of aspirin may be necessary to achieve therapeutic salicylate levels greater than 20 mg/dL; (2) no improvement in clinical remission rate is seen at salicylate levels greater than 30 mg/dL; (3) clinical toxicity to aspirin is of relatively low incidence (16%), and infrequently causes serious morbidity; (4) symptomatic SGOT elevations are common in the first three months after onset of therapy; and (5) these elevated SGOT levels generally return to normal despite continuation of therapy. PMID- 7377154 TI - Transient 'lazy-leukocyte' syndrome during infancy. AB - A male infant with transient severe neutropenia and defective neutrophilic mobility is described. He had recurrent upper respiratory infections that responded well to antibiotics. The neutrophilic counts continued to be less than 300/cu mm, and neutrophilic random mobility and chemotaxis were persistently defective during early infancy but were normal at 16 months of age. No ultrastructural abnormality was found in the neutrophils. Phagocytic and bactericidal abilities of the cells were not impaired. Bone marrow was normal. The clinical and laboratory findings suggest that this disorder is transient "lazy-leukocyte" syndrome. PMID- 7377153 TI - Coarctation of the aorta in children. Late results after surgery. AB - From 1960 to 1970, 110 patients underwent operation for coarctation of the aorta. The overall mortality was 23%. However, in infants operated on at less than 6 months of age, the mortality was 63%, whereas there was only a 4% mortality in those operated on after 6 months of age. Late follow-up was available in 87 patients from five to 15 years postoperatively. There was a 14% frequency of recoarctation in the group of long-term survivors. Systemic hypertension, defined as an upper extremity blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg, was found in 23% of the survivors. This study has demonstrated a significant frequency of postcoarctectomy hypertension and residual hemodynamic and angiographic abnormalities in patients without clinical evidence of recoarctation. This indicates the need for continued long-term follow-up of these patients. PMID- 7377155 TI - Diphtheria-tetanus skin testing. Its clinical value for delayed hypersensitivity. AB - Skin testing as an in vivo means of evaluating cell-mediated immune function is extremely valuable. However, problems lie in selecting the appropriate antigens and interpreting the results. The suggestion that diphtheria-tetanus would provide a good antigen in infants and children was evaluated by comparing skin test observations with results of skin biopsy examinations. Thirteen subjects, seven of whom were immunodeficient, were evaluated by skin reactions and dermal biopsy specimens. Fifty percent of the immunodeficient patients had positive skin test reactions but had biopsy specimens that were not consistent with delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). Although all normal controls on whom biopsies were done had histologic DTH reactions, two had negative or equivocal skin reactions. Our data suggest, on the contrary, that delayed hypersensitivity testing with this antigen is not a good screening test for disorders of immunity or inflammation. PMID- 7377156 TI - Circumcision and the risk of cancer of the penis. A life-table analysis. AB - The low incidence of penile cancer in the United States is frequently cited as a reason for not justifying the risk of neonatal circumcision as a prophylactic measure. Although uncircumcised men are uniquely at risk for this malignant neoplasm, previous approaches have used annual incidence data collected without regard to circumcision status, thus tending to underestimate the true risk to this susceptible group. In addition, the concept of lifetime risk has not been addressed. Using data from the Third National Cancer Survey and previously published circumcision prevalence figures in a life-table analysis, we estimated the lifetime risk for cancer of the penis in uncircumcised males. The predicted risk is 166 per 10(5), or one in 600; the estimated median age of occurrence is 67 years. These data deserve to be considered with other morbidity factors in the context of the neonatal circumcision debate. PMID- 7377157 TI - Nonstandard therapies in the developmental disabilities. AB - The complexity of management issues with regard to developmentally disabled children has led to a broad acceptance of a number of therapeutic approaches that purport to be effective for a wide range of problems. These are generally empiric in origin, and the efficacy of most of them cannot be supported by controlled research studies. In addition, there has been little or no investigation of potential or actual side effects. Acceptance of new therapies and validation of older approaches need to be based on appropriately designed, controlled studies. PMID- 7377158 TI - Acute caffeine overdose in the neonate. AB - To our knowledge, the clinical course of acute caffeine poisoning in neonates has not been previously reported. Three full-term infants manifested CNS irritability after the parenteral administration of large doses of caffeine and benzoate sodium injection in the delivery room for respiratory depression. The infants received caffeine in doses that ranged from 36 to 136 mg/kg. On arrival in a regional newborn center, they exhibited one or more of the following symptoms: tachypnea, fine tremor of the extremities, opisthotonus, tonic-clonic movements, and nonpurposeful jaw and lip movements. The overdose of caffeine produced a clinical picture that suggested neonatal seizures and prompted therapy with anticonvulsants. A fourth infant (premature) attained a high plasma caffeine concentration, but this infant's symptoms were altered by intraventricular hemorrhage. The combination of caffeine overdose and perinatal asphyxia may precipitate or increase seizure activity in the neonate. Recognition of the potential toxic effects of caffeine overdose should guide patient care and stimulate further study to establish appropriate use of caffeine in the newborn infant. PMID- 7377160 TI - Trauma and child abuse. The importance of the medical record. AB - A chart audit was undertaken to ascertain the content and quality of documented information present in medical records of patients with traumatic injuries seen in a tertiary care hospital. Of the records of children younger than 6 years of age with a diagnosis of fracture, burn, contusion, or intracranial injury seen in the inpatient or outpatient services during a one-year period, 60% contained inadequate data on which to determine retrospectively if the medical diagnosis of child abuse was ever considered. The medicolegal implications of this are discussed. PMID- 7377159 TI - Falsely normal radionuclide scans for osteomyelitis. AB - Three children are described with osteomyelitis confirmed by roentgenogram, blood culture, bone culture, and/or histologic findings. None had an abnormal technetium scintigram. Despite the lack of falsely normal bone scans for osteomyelitis reported in the literature, our cases demonstrate the importance of instituting antibiotic therapy on the basis of clinical suspicion since no single nonsurgical procedure can be relied on to make a diagnosis of osteomyelitis. PMID- 7377161 TI - Familial pulmonary atresia. Its occurrence with a ventricular septal defect. AB - To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pulmonary atresia with a ventricular septal defect that occurred in a father and his son. A multifactorial mode of determination that resulted from an interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors was assumed, since the family history did not show other members with congenital heart defects. Based on the background and on information from the multifactorial theory of inheritance, a counseling plan was formulated for these parents. A similar approach is recommended for the many surgical survivors of previously uncorrectable complex congenital heart defects as they approach reproductive age. PMID- 7377162 TI - Phosphate poisoning complicating treatment for iron ingestion. AB - A 15-month-old child was treated for iron intoxication with a hypertonic sodium phosphate mixture. Clinical deterioration manifested by fever, obtundation, abdominal distention, dehydration, and hypotension followed soon after the administration of this mixture. Such symptoms may occur with either iron overdosage or with phosphate poisoning. At this time, the patient's serum chemistry values included: iron, 49 micrograms/dL; phosphorus, 24.6 mg/dL; and calcium, 4.5 mg/dL. The hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and dehydration were treated with parenteral gluconate calcium, intravenous fluids, and general supportive measures. Although the child had an uneventful recovery despite severe phosphate poisoning, therapeutic alternatives, such as sodium bicarbonate, should be used as adjuncts in the treatment of acute iron ingestion. PMID- 7377164 TI - Nosocomial pertussis: a failure of erythromycin treatment and prophylaxis. PMID- 7377163 TI - Nosocomial pertussis: possible spread by a hospital visitor. PMID- 7377166 TI - Corpus luteum hemorrhagicum: an unusual complication of anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 7377168 TI - Chronic 'diarrhea' and diet. PMID- 7377167 TI - Eye involvement in anaphylactoid purpura. PMID- 7377165 TI - Adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to infant nasal mucosal cells. PMID- 7377169 TI - Circumcision and patient education. PMID- 7377170 TI - Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava and hepatic veins. Budd-Chiari syndrome? A treatable disease. AB - Three cases of membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are presented. Two of them underwent transcardiac membranotomy with good results. The third patient was treated symptomatically and died from gastrointestinal hemorrhage and hepatic coma two years after the diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome. At autopsy, membranes were found in the inferior vena cava and hepatic veins. Differentiation of Budd-Chiari syndrome secondary to the presence of such a membrane is essential since these patients are potentially curable by surgical treatment. Cavography visualizes the obstruction and is the procedure of choice for diagnosis of this condition. Surgical treatment with transcardiac membranotomy is effective. Some hepatic abnormalities regress after surgery. Prophylactic postoperative treatment with diuretics seems advisable in these patients to prevent congestive cardiac failure. PMID- 7377172 TI - Periportal hepatic necrosis in Reye's syndrome. One case in a review of eight patients. AB - Hepatic necrosis, usually periportal and mild but occasionally of significant extent, is described in the liver of patients with Reye's syndrome, in addition to diffuse microvesicular fatty change. Review of clinical and pathologic findings of eight cases of Reye's syndrome diagnosed between 1970-1978 showed extensive peripheral lobular necrosis of hepatocytes in one case. Other than biochemical evidence of greater liver damage, the latter case showed no significant differences in clinical and laboratory findings from the seven cases with diffuse fatty change of hepatocytes but no liver cell necrosis. The significance of this periportal hepatic necrosis is discussed in the light of current theories concerning the etiology and pathogenesis of Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7377171 TI - Serum gastrin in chronic pancreatitis. AB - Fasting serum gastrin and gastrin response to a protein meal were measured in a group of patients with chronic pancreatitis and in controls. No significant differences were found between the two groups of subjects. In patients with chronic pancreatitis no relation was found between gastrin release and the severity of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. PMID- 7377173 TI - Idiopathic intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Report of an unusual case and review of the recent literature. AB - An atypical case of idiopathic cholestasis of pregnancy occurring in the 16th week of gestation in a 24-year old Pakistani female is presented. The case is unusual both in the duration of the jaundice as well as in the high levels of bilirubin found in the presence of normal renal function. A review of the recent literature emphasizes that this disorder is not entirely benign for the mother and the fetus. It also discusses some of the alterations in estrogen and lipid metabolism that are seen, as well as the possible mechanisms responsible for the increased incidence of gallstone formation found in these patients. PMID- 7377174 TI - Syphilitic hepatitis. AB - Liver involvement in syphilis varies with the stage of the disease. The presence of fibrosis, gumma and hepar lobatum are well described in patients with late and congenital symphilis. On the other hand since Hahn's review of 1943, only eight cases with secondary syphilis have been described in the literature. With the new acceptance of aberrant sexual practice there has been an increase in the prevalence of venereal diseases and emergence of new syndromes related to homosexuality. This case report illustrates one of the manifestations of syphilis that may be easily confused with other causes of jaundice. PMID- 7377175 TI - Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the duodenum. AB - Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the gastrointestinal tract is an unusual lesion of apparent submucosal origin but of unknown etiology. The stomach is most commonly involved with typical presentation being a rounded or oval polyp in the gastric antrum. Occurrence in the duodenum is distinctly rare since only three previous cases have been reported. We present a patient with an unusually long inflammatory fibroid polyp arising in the third portion of the duodenum. PMID- 7377177 TI - Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder. PMID- 7377178 TI - Estimates of the true population at risk of uterine disease and an application to incidence data for cancer of the uterine corpus in Connecticut. PMID- 7377176 TI - Intestinal strongyloidiasis. A case report and review of the literature. AB - A patient infected with Strongyloides stercoralis presented with hematemesis and abdominal pain mimicking peptic ulcer disease. Radiologic evaluation, however, suggested Crohn's disease of the proximal small intestine. Aspiration of intestinal fluid and a small bowel biopsy lead to a diagnosis of invasive strongyloidiasis. This case is presented and the literature reviewed to demonstrate the protean manifestation of this parasite which commonly involves the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7377179 TI - The American College of Epidemiology. PMID- 7377180 TI - Cervix cancer and cigarette smoking: a case-control study. AB - The association between cervix cancer and cigarette smoking was examined among 332 white cases and 1725 white controls. Cases were of lower socioeconomic status (SES) and smoked more than controls. After adjustment for both age and SES, no significant association was observed between cervix cancer and cigarette smoking. Many variables related both to cigarette smoking and to known risk factors for cervix cancer are sources of confounding and inadequate control for these variations may cause an overestimation of the effect of smoking. PMID- 7377182 TI - Relationships of measurements of body mass to plasma lipoproteins in schoolchildren and adults. AB - This report focuses upon relationships of body mass indices to plasma lipids and lipoproteins in 1682 children (ages 4--20 years) and 876 of their parents (ages 21--66 years) sampled during the Cincinnati Lipid Research Clinic's Princeton School District population study, 1973--1975. After an initial sampling of the schoolchildren, two subsets were then recalled, a 15% random sample independent of lipid levels (the random recall group), and a second group, approximately 10% dependent upon lipid levels (the hyperlipidemic recall group). There were no consistent patterns of difference for Quetelet indices and triceps skinfold measurements between black and white children. Hyperlipidemic recall children had higher mean Quetelet indices than random recall children. In children and adults, from both random and hyperlipidemic recall groups, Quetelet index was inversely related to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-HDL) and positively related to low density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-LDL), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-VLDL), and triglyceride. The relationship (partial correlation) between Quetelet index and plasma lipoproteins was highly significant after adjusting for age, race, sex, skinfold thickness, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and oral contraceptive intake. In the random and hyperlipidemic recall groups of children, the amounts of variation of C-HDL accounted for by the explanatory variables (as above) were 8% and 18%, respectively, for C-LDL 4% and 7.4%, for C-VLDL 7.2% and 14.4%, and for triglyceride 10.7% and 16.3%. In the random and hyperlipidemic groups of children, the additional amounts of variation of C-HDL accounted for by the addition of Quetelet index to the explanatory variables were 3% and 4.7%, respectively, for C-LDL 3.1% and 1.8%, for C-VLDL 4.2% and 2.4%, and for triglyceride 5.5% and 3.3%. Measures of relative body mass are inversely associated with C-HDL. Although factors which control ponderosity and C-HDL may be independent, and weight loss or gain may not significantly alter C-HDL levels, it is speculated that attempts to maintain ideal body weight or reduce toward ideal body weight may maximize the levels of the anti-atherogenic C HDL. PMID- 7377181 TI - Alternative data sources and discrepant results in case-control studies of estrogens and endometrial cancer. AB - In most case-control studies, little attention has been given to two features that can affect the odds ratio: 1) self-selection of the people who are available for interviews, and 2) disagreements between the data obtained by medical records and by direct conversation. The authors investigated these problems during two separate case-control studies of estrogens and endometrial cancer. When interviews were attempted with all patients, fewer controls than cases were available. In samples of patients from a tumor registry, more controls than cases had died before the interview could be solicited, and fewer control patients could be located. In patients sampled from a diagnostic test registry, more controls than cases refused participation. The interview data about estrogen usage disagreed with previously recorded medical information in 16% (52/324) of patients). Among persons marked as "non-users" in medical record data, more cases than controls were available for interview and thus for redesignation as estrogen users. The bias produces a possible artificial increase in the odds ratio when interview and medical record data are combined. Since patients available for interview were systematically biased in favor of having both estrogen use and endometrial cancer, the odds ratio for this association should be calculated separately for record and for interview data. PMID- 7377183 TI - Socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and risk of coronary heart disease. AB - This report focuses on the relationship of socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity, and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a large group of employed men. The authors determined the risk of CHD using the factors of blood pressure, cholesterol, and cigarette smoking in a multiple logistic model for 19,141 men aged 35--57 years, residing and employed in the Sacramento, CA, Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. SES was measured by the modified two factor (education and occupation) Hollingshead Index. Information on education, occupation, race/ethnic group, and number of cigarettes smoked was derived from self-administered questionnaires. The data indicate an inverse relationship between SES and risk of CHD and the relationship persisted for whites, Asians, and Spanish Americans but not for blacks. Age adjustment did not significantly alter this finding. PMID- 7377184 TI - Risk factors in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: a case-control study. AB - Fifty-two persons with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were compared with playmate and hospital controls matched for age, sex, and race. Persons with SSPE were more likely to have had measles than their age-matched controls. The age at measles infection for children with SSPE was significantly younger than that for controls who had had measles. Persons with SSPE were less likely to have received measles vaccine than were playmate or hospital controls. There were no differences with regard to the average age at vaccination, having received more than one measles vaccination, or having received measles vaccine after natural measles. Although measles vaccine may rarely predispose a child to develop SSPE, the overall impact of vaccination has been to prevent SSPE by preventing natural measles. No significant differences were observed between cases and controls for infections other than measles, or for vaccines other than measles vaccine. Previous epidemiologic studies have noted significant geographic clustering of SSPE and higher rates in children living in rural areas. These findings suggest that environmental factors other than measles are important in the pathogenesis of SSPE. In this study, children with SSPE were more likely to have suffered a serious head injury and to have come from larger families and more crowded homes than control children. Persons with SSPE were significantly more likely to have close exposure to birds (p less than 0.001) and to swine (p less than 0.05) than were control persons. No differences between cases and controls were found for exposure to other animals. These data suggest that some infectious agent(s), transmitted from birds to man, may have contributed to the development of SSPE in predisposed individuals. A variety of other factors were investigated and found not to correlate with SSPE. These included birth weight, breastfeeding, maternal age at birth, nutritional status, source of drinking water, development, and allergic or atopic disorders. PMID- 7377185 TI - Legionnaires' disease outbreak at an Atlanta, Georgia, Country Club: evidence for spread from an evaporative condenser. AB - During July 1978 an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease characterized by high fever, prostration, and pneumonia occurred at an Atlanta, Georgia, country club. All eight cases involved club members whose primary club activity was golfing. The degree of golfing activity during the likely exposure period was a risk factor for acquiring the illness. Legionella pneumophila was isolated from the evaporative condenser within the clubhouse. The fact that the stream of air blowing from the exhaust duct of the evaporative condenser was directed toward a nearby practice green and the 10th and 16th tees supports the hypothesis that this outbreak represents airborne dissemination of L. pneumophila from the evaporative condenser to an outdoor site where susceptible golfers contracted the illness. PMID- 7377187 TI - Length biased sampling in etiologic studies. AB - The problem of estimating and comparing the frequency of a characteristic in newly diagnosed patients based upon a length biased sample of living patients is described in this paper. This problem is of considerable importance in immunogenetics for determining whether a characteristic is related to disease etiology, or whether, instead, it is of prognostic importance for individuals who have already developed the disease. Maximum likelihood estimation of the proportion of newly diagnosed patients having a characteristic is outlined. The estimator and its variance depend upon the proportion of living patients having the characteristic and upon the survivals of patients with and without the characteristic in the length biased sample. PMID- 7377186 TI - Environmental exposure to Coxiella burnetii: a sero-epidemiologic survey among domestic animals. AB - The prevalence of agglutinating serum antibodies against Coxiella burnetii, the cause of Q fever in humans, was tested in a hospital population of companion animals and livestock in California during 1973--1975. A sample of stray dogs was also tested. Among the hospitalized animals 346 (48%) of 724 dogs, 7 (9%) of 80 cats, 9 (32%) of 28 cattle and 31 (26%) of 121 horses had antibodies against C. burnetii. Of 316 stray dogs 208 (66%) were seropositive. The overall prevalence of 53% among 1040 dogs tested was comparable to the 63% antibody prevalence found in an earlier survey among coyotes and foxes in wildlife areas of California. When the dog was considered as a sentinel animal for the presence of C. burnetii surrounding household environments, it was hypothesized that the common, low level exposures in the community are similar to those found in more remote wildlife areas. PMID- 7377188 TI - Some efficiency comments on group sizes in study design. AB - In study designs to compare a binary response between two groups, standard formulae to determine sample sizes are available. Frequently, one of the groups can be increased in size with little additional effort. The efficiency gain as measured by a reduction in the asymptotic variance of the logarithm of the odds ratio depends on the response probabilities and a gain cannot always be expected. However, in some cases, efficiency can be doubled by selecting one group three times the size of the other. Graphs are provided to assess the possible efficiency gain. It is seldom advantageous to select one group larger than five or six times the size of the other. PMID- 7377189 TI - Epidemiologic evidence and the United States air quality standards. PMID- 7377190 TI - The proposed American College of Epidemiology. PMID- 7377191 TI - Electrical wiring configurations and childhood leukemia in Rhode Island. PMID- 7377193 TI - The statistical procedure in the SENIC Project. PMID- 7377192 TI - Special issue: The SENIC Project. PMID- 7377194 TI - The SENIC sampling process: design for choosing hospitals and patients and results of sample selection. AB - To achieve its primary objectives, the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC Project) focused its attention on a target population of patients referred to as SENIC-eligible admissions in a target population of hospitals referred to as the "SENIC Universe." SENIC thus required a design for sampling hospitals and patients within these hospitals and a valid procedure for projecting sample results to the target population. This paper presents the details of the sampling design used, describes the actual process of selecting hospitals and patients for the surveys, explains the procedure used to project sample results to the target population, and examines the possibility of bias in the design and hospital selection process. As with most large-scale sample surveys, the design and sample selection processes for the surveys in Phases II and III of SENIC were complicated by incomplete frame, nonresponse and measurement problems. Nevertheless, adjustments to reduce the effects of some of these problems have been made through the development of a valid procedure for projecting sample results to the target population, and it appears unlikely that practically important nonsampling biases will result from the estimation procedures applied to this sample of hospitals. PMID- 7377195 TI - Effects of misclassifications on statistical inferences in epidemiology. AB - Misclassification errors caused by imperfect sensitivity (U) and specificity (V) can affect statistical inferences in epidemiology. Such errors can lead to biases and increased standard errors in estimates of rates. Furthermore, low U and V can have a catastrophic effect on the power of a test to detect a change in rate, and, if U and V change even slightly as the rate changes, the effect on power may be dramatic. PMID- 7377196 TI - The accuracy of retrospective chart review in measuring nosocomial infection rates. Results of validation studies in pilot hospitals. AB - To measure the accuracy and consistency of a standardized method--retrospective chart review (RCR)--for estimating nosocomial infection rates (NIRs) in individual hospitals, the authors performed a series of pilot studies in four hospitals of different types. In comparison with a standard based on diagnoses made by physician-epidemiologists supervising intensive prospective data collection teams, the RCR method was found to have an average sensitivity of 0.74 (+/- 0.02 SE; range 0.69-0.78) and an average specificity of 0.964 (+/- 0.002; 0.945-0.991). These values were comparable to those of the physician epidemiologists' diagnoses and varied less among the hospitals. Two independent teams of chart reviewers were found to have similar levels of sensitivity and specificity, and the reliability of diagnosis at the level of the individual chart reviewer averaged 0.94. In a restudy at one of the pilot hospitals at the midpoint of the actual Medical Records Survey (MRS), there was a substantial increase in sensitivityand a slight increase in specificity as a result of improvements made in the RCR method after the original pilot studies. PMID- 7377197 TI - Effects of method error on the power of a statistical test. Implications of imperfect sensitivity and specificity in retrospective chart review. AB - Errors in classifying individuals as to whether they have a certain characteristic may adversely affect the power of a statistical test to detect differences in the incidence of that characteristic between groups or to detect changes in the incidence over time. To determine whether the classification method to be used in the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC Project)--retrospective chart review--would provide sufficient power for a test of the study's main hypothesis, the authors calculated power as a function of the sensitivity and specificity of the method. They then contrasted the case in which sensitivity and specificity are constant for all hospitals in the study with cases in which the measures vary between groups of hospitals or between time periods. It was found that variation within the observed ranges of sensitivity and specificity, even if systematic, has little effect on power unless it is related to the hypothesis under study. The authors thus concluded that SENICs study design is adequate to detect any substantial success of infection surveilliance and control programs in combatting nosocomial infection, unless such programs affect the accuracy of the chart review method. PMID- 7377198 TI - Effect of an infection surveillance and control program on the accuracy of retrospective chart review. AB - The primary analyses of the SENIC Project (Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control) will test the association between the presence of infection surveillance and control programs (ISCPs) and changes in nosocomial infection rates (NIRs) as measured by retrospective chart review (RCR). If the establishment of an ISCP affects the quality or completeness of information important for diagnosing infection by RCR, the analyses could be biased (i.e., there could be an increased chance of a Type I or Type II error). To determine whether this type of "ISCP effect" on the accuracy of RCR is likely to occur, the authors carried out a prospective intervention study in one hospital where 1) nosocomial infections among a pre-ISCP cohort of patients were detected by prospective data collection (PDC), 2) the hospital's first ISCP was instituted, and 3) infections were identically studied by PDC exactly two years later. Several months after the end of the second PDC, a team of trained chart reviewers read the medical records of the patients in both study cohorts and abstracted all clinical data bits used for diagnosing nosocomial infection. By a nonparametric matched correlation analysis, no significant change was found in the amount of relevant clinical information recorded in the medical records, and sensitivity and specificity did not change significantly. The authors conclude that, if an ISCP effect on RCR accuracy is present at all, it must be small. PMID- 7377199 TI - A method for classifying patients according to the nosocomial infection risks associated with diagnoses and surgical procedures. AB - To compare validly the nosocomial infection rates (NIRs) in groups of patients studied from different time periods and/or different hospitals, one must control for the important factors that influence a patient's susceptibility to infection. The authors developed a method for assessing one component of nosocomial infection risk, based on patients' diagnoses and surgical procedures. This method classifies patients according to their risk of developing a nosocomial infection at each of four infection sites and at all four sites combined. Applying the method to data collected on 136,516 patients from 276 hospitals studied in the SENIC Project (Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control), the authors found that NIRs increased according to the predicted ranking of risk categories, even when the analyses were stratified individually by age, sex, hospital service and exposure to urinary catheterization or continuous ventilatory support. Depending on the site of infection, the rate increased as much as 100-fold from low-risk to high-risk categories. The data indicate that infection risk as assessed with this classification method will account for some of the variation in NIRs due to differences in patients' clinical conditions. Further analyses using multivariate techniques must be performed to explore in detail the relative importance of this risk classification in comparison with other risk factors and to determine which factors must be controlled in SENIC analyses. PMID- 7377200 TI - The infection control nurse in US hospitals, 1976-1977. Characteristics of the position and its occupant. AB - Within the past decade, the infection control nurse (ICN) has become an important element in organized infection surveillance and control programs. Before 1970, only a few hospitals (6%) had an ICN, but, by 1977, over 80% had hired at least one ICN, the majority of those hospitals having done so since 1973. To determine the characteristics of the position and its occupant, the authors analyzed data from interviews with a representative sample of ICNs from 347 hospitals nationwide, conducted in 1976-1977 as part of Phase II of the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC Project), the Hospital Interview Survey. Results varied most widely by hospital size. The ICN in the smaller hospitals (less than or equal to 300 beds) typically worked only part time in infection control, spending the rest of her or his time as a nursing supervisor. The ICN in the larger hospitals (greater than 300 beds) generally worked full time but actually worked less time in relation to the number of beds; she or he also had completed a higher level of nursing education and had attended more infection control courses. The ICN was typically a woman in the young or middle age group who had worked in her current hospital six years altogether--two of them in infection control--and was receiving a supervisor's salary. Most ICNs were under the Nursing Service Department but generally looked to the physician in the infection control program for advice or supervision. PMID- 7377201 TI - Health care policy and politics: does the past tell us anything about the future? AB - The American health care delivery system, and the attitude of the public toward that system, have undergone considerable change during the past two decades. According to the author, the belief during the 1960s that adequate funds were available to broaden access to health services, to enhance their quality and availability, and to support medical innovation, gave way during the 1970s to an awareness of limited resources, to a skepticism about the motives and competence of established institutions, and to a conviction that the system's problems were too complex to be solved easily, if at all. Moreover, the author states, the system has become fragmented and highly competitive; the respect formerly accorded both professionals and institutions has deteriorated; and the government's role in health care delivery is being challenged. The result, the author says, may well be a paralysis of policymaking in health planning, as exemplified by the failure of both public and private institutions to achieve the cost-containment goals of the last decade, either through regulation or competition. To gain perspective on these problems and to determine the direction of the health care delivery system for the 1980s, the author calls for a national health care debate. He suggests four concepts that should be included in such a debate, and recommends a new context of pragmatic idealism in which to conduct it. PMID- 7377202 TI - Group life & Health Insurance Co. v. Royal Drug Co.: the McCarran-Ferguson Act and Health Service Plans. AB - Until recently, contractual relationships between health care providers and health insurers appeared to be immune from antitrust scrutiny. The Supreme Court ended this apparent immunity in Group Life & Health Insurance Co. v. Royal Drug CO., 440 U.S. 205 (1979), holding that insurance plans offering goods and services to policyholders are not exempted by the McCarran-Ferguson Act from the federal antitrust laws. By denying a McCarran-Ferguson exemption, the Court did not decide the ultimate issue--whether the insurers in fact had violated federal antitrust law. This Note reviews Royal Drug in light of precedent and of the purpose of the McCarran-Ferguson Act. This Note contends that the result in Royal Drug follows logically and consistently from the Court's earlier readings of the Act, but that the Court's reasoning is unclear and, even under its strongest reading, unconvincing; hence, an alternative approach to interpreting and applying the McCarran-Ferguson Act is suggested. Finally, this Note analyzes the application of Royal Drug by lower federal courts and discusses its implications for the interface of health law and antitrust law. PMID- 7377203 TI - State legislation pertaining to supportive personnel in pharmacy. PMID- 7377204 TI - Visual compatibility of dobutamine with seven parenteral drug products. PMID- 7377205 TI - Possible incompatibility of an amino acid supplement with plastic cups. PMID- 7377206 TI - Incompatibility of povidone-iodine with Lavacol. PMID- 7377207 TI - Reviewing current literature--imperative in providing clinical services. PMID- 7377208 TI - Modification of the systematic approach to answering drug information requests. PMID- 7377209 TI - Priorities for hospital pharmacy in the 1980s. PMID- 7377210 TI - Influence of attitudes, normative beliefs, and situational variables on physicians' use of pharmacists as drug information consultants. AB - The Fishbein Behavioral Intention Model was used as a conceptual framework to explain physicians' use of pharmacists as drug information consultants (DICs) at a Midwest teaching hospital. Questionnaires based on the Fishbein model were mailed to 405 physicians practicing in a teaching hospital. The questionnaire explored the effects of situational variables and of physicians' attitudes and normative beliefs on the use of pharmacists as DICs. The response rate was 22.9%. Regression analysis showed the principal determinant of a physician's intention to use a DIC was the presence of a situation involving an adverse drug reaction. Physicians sought DIC services strictly for their functional benefits. The findings indicated that physician acceptance of DICs can be increased by documenting the benefits of DIC services, and by increasing pharmacist accessibility in the patient-care setting. Comprehensive theroretical frameworks with the Fishbein model can be used to explain and predict physician interaction with DICs and to develop strategies for altering physician behavior. PMID- 7377211 TI - Availability of diazepam from plastic containers. AB - The effect of plastic intravenous containers and volume-control administration sets on diazepam availability was studied. Solutions of diazepam in dextrose 5% in water and in 0.9% sodium chloride were prepared in plastic burette chambers and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags. Diazepam concentration was measured spectrophotometrically for (1) samples taken from the burette chamber and from the end of the administration set, (2) samples prepared in glass beakers and then infused through plastic administration sets with 0.5-micron filters, (3) samples prepared in PVC bags, and (4) sections of the PVC bags and volume-control sets in which diazepam solutions were prepared and infused. Two hours after admixture, diazepam concentration was significantly reduced in the burette chamber (p less than 0.05). Diazepam concentration was reduced by about 55% after infusion through administration sets (p less than 0.0005) and after two hours of storage in PVC bags. About 24% of the diazepam concentration was recovered from the volume-control set (none was detected in the filter) and 49-56% was recovered from the PVC bags. Admixture of diazepam solutions in plastic containers and administration through plastic administration sets will significantly reduce their diazepam concentrations. PMID- 7377213 TI - Hospital pharmacy in Canada. AB - The status of Canadian hospital pharmacy and the impact of national hospital insurance on its development are discussed. The provision of health care services for Canadians is shared by the federal and provincial governments. The federal government enacts protective and regulatory legislation, compiles health statistics, promotes research, and provides direct health care for those citizens for whom it is directly responsible. Each province is responsible for hospitals, the education and training of health care professionals, public health, and the financing and administration of health insurance for all its citizens. Largely because of line-item budget allocations and a bureaucratic tendency to equalize services for the whole population, funds for existing pharmaceutical services have been assured but the introduction of upgraded or innovative programs has been difficult to achieve. The result has been an even quality of health care services, including pharmacy, throughout the country and a deficiency in clinical pharmacy programs and the trained personnel to run them. The last decade has brought advances, however, as allocation methods have changed and both hospital and insurance administrators have recognized the patient benefits and cost effectiveness of many of the newer pharmacy programs. The main challenges facing Canadian hospital pharmacy are to upgrade clinical services and education and to improve managerial and bureaucratic competence among department directors. PMID- 7377214 TI - Correlation between saliva and serum lithium levels in manic-depressive patients. PMID- 7377212 TI - Compatibility of diazepam with intravenous fluid containers and administration sets. AB - The effect of i.v. containers (plastic and glass) and plastic administration sets (with and without inline filters) on diazepam availability was studied. Solutions (50 mg diazepam/500 ml fluid and 25 mg/500 ml) of diazepam in dextrose 5% in water and lactated Ringer's injection were stored in glass i.v. bottles or plastic burette chambers and then infused (2.5 and 5 mg/hr) through plastic i.v. administration sets with or without 0.45-micron inline filters. Concentrations of the solutions were measured spectrophotometrically after two and four hours in the containers and in the administration sets. Solutions were inspected visually for compatibility, and pH was measured. No visual incompatibilities were observed, and pH remained constant. Solutions stored in glass bottles and infused through plastic sets retained greater than 90% of initial potency after four hours. Solutions stored in plastic burette chambers and administered through plastic sets lost greater than 38% of potency after two hours; the loss occurred principally in the plastic chamber and increased with increasing drug concentration and time. Drug availability was not affected by type of i.v. fluid, pH, flow rate, or filtration. If diazepam is to be infused, it should be diluted to at least a 1:10 dilution in glass i.v. bottles and administered through plastic administration sets not having burette chamgers. Inline filters (0.45 micron) may be used without a loss of potency. PMID- 7377215 TI - Amikacin pharmacokinetics in morbidly obese patients. AB - The pharmacokinetics of single-dose amikacin sulfate was studied in seven morbidly obese patients to determine the fraction of fat weight (FW) that, when added to ideal body weight (IBW), will normalize the volume of distribution. Seven patients (mean total body weight of 166.5 kg) were each given a 1,250-g intravenous injection of amikacin. Amikacin serum levels over eight hours were measured by radioimmunoassay. A correction factor (CF) of 0.38 was found to normalize the patients' volume of distribution (Varea) to 0.26 liters/kg, when added to the patients' IBW. There was no significant difference between peak amikacin levels predicted using the actual Varea and using the Varea plus the CF. Predictions using the actual Varea and those using Varea estimated by ideal body weight were significantly different. In morbidly obese patients, peak amikacin serum levels can be predicted best when a volume of distribution based on IBW plus a correction factor of 38% of FW is used. PMID- 7377216 TI - Individualizing phenytoin dosage regimens using a programmable calculator. AB - A programmable calculator procedure for the determination of individualized phenytoin dosage regimens is described. The calculator is programmed based on a one-compartment, open model using the Michaelis-Menten equation. A detailed description of the programs and user instructions are presented. The programs allow calculation of oral dosage regimens and steady-state phenytoin levels. The first two programs require a given dose and one corresponding steady-state minimum concentration point to estimate a dosage regimen and steady-state serum level. The second two programs, which provide a more accurate prediction of dosage regimen and steady-state serum levels, require two dose and steady-state minimum concentration poits. The calculator programs provide a rapid and reliable means of estimating a patient's phenytoin dosage regimens and steady-state serum levels. PMID- 7377218 TI - Research design: general designs. AB - The conceptual foundations for some of the most widely used research designs are presented, and the various design models are analyzed. Research designs should specify the stimulus and response, the time-order sequence, the sampling and allocation procedures, and the generalized method of analysis. Results of symbolization, seriation, and classification investigations cannot be generalized beyond the study units investigated. Cohort or case-control investigations prevent determination of causality. Cause can be logically proven if the design uses random assignment of study units to study groups and of study groups to stimulus conditions. Crossover designs offer no advantages over similarly constructed noncrossover designs, and introduce new sources of invalidity. PMID- 7377217 TI - Implications of the Lannett and Pharmadyne decisions. AB - The Lannett (United States v. Articles of Drug) and Pharmadyne (Pharmadyne Laboratories, Inc. v. Kennedy) court decisions are explained and their implications regarding premarket approval of drugs are discussed. The Lannett decision has led to confusion over whether FDA premarketing approval is required for products containing drugs recognized as safe and effective. The Lannett decision has no binding legal effect. Premarketing clearance must be obtained by all drug manufacturers, including the producers of generics. PMID- 7377219 TI - Carbamazepine-induced leukocytosis. AB - An apparent case of carbamazepine-induced leukocytosis in a 26-year-old woman is presented. When admitted for psychiatric evaluation, the patient had been receiving carbamazepine for seizures for some time. A hemogram revealed a white blood cell (WBC) count of 21.2 x 10(3)/cu mm. Five days after the patient's medication was changed from carbamazepine (600 mg/day) to phenytoin (400 mg/day) and phenobarbital (120 mg/day), her WBC count was within normal range. When she experienced dizziness and ataxia, the phenytoin and phenobarbital were replaced with carbamazepine (600 mg/day). WBC counts performed 11 and 13 days after resumption of carbamazepine therapy again were significantly elevated. Other drugs administered during hospitalization included chlorpromazine, acetaminophen, and codeine. The possible causes of and pathophysiology of leukocytosis are reviewed. The changes in WBC that occurred with the rechallenge of carbamazepine indicate that the drug was the probable cause of the leukocytosis. PMID- 7377220 TI - Improved prognosis for granulocytopenic patients with gram-negative bacteremia. AB - The grave prognosis associated with gram-negative bacteremia occurring in granulocytopenic patients with cancer suggests that granulocyte transfusions are frequently indicated. We have evaluated 67 episodes of gram-negative bacteremia, studied in four consecutive antibiotic trials, in order to correlate prognostic determinants of recovery. These patients had a median absolute granulocyte count of 100/microliter at the time of bacteremia. Empiric antibiotic regimens were begun at the first evidence of suspected infection. Granulocyte transfusions were employed only as clinically indicated by inadequate patient response to antibiotic therapy. Among the 29 patients who had an increase in their granulocyte count of greater than or equal to 100/microliter over the subsequent 14 days, 27 (93 per cent) recovered whereas among 38 patients who had no appreciable increase in their granulocyte count, 21 (55 per cent) improved (p = 0.006). In this latter group of patients with no granulocyte recovery, the susceptibility of the pathogen(s) to the initial empiric antibiotic regimen was of major importance. None of four patients responded when the pathogen was resistant to both antibiotics initially utilized, six of 14 (44 per cent) patients responded when there was susceptibility to one antibiotic, and 15 of 20 (75 per cent) patients responded when there was susceptibility to both antibiotics (p less than 0.025). We conclude that patients with gram-negative bacteremia and persistent granulocytopenia will often respond to antimicrobial therapy alone provided the initial choice of empiric antibiotics is appropriate and that their use is instituted promptly. Granulocyte transfusions need not be added unless clinical evaluation indicates inadequate response. PMID- 7377221 TI - End-systolic volume as a predictor of postoperative left ventricular performance in volume overload from valvular regurgitation. PMID- 7377222 TI - Diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia. A clinicopathologic study. AB - Three cases of diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia are presented, and their clinical, laboratory and histologic follow-up are outlined. Furthermore histologic comparison with scleroderma is attempted and the literature is reviewed. From our findings, we conclude that diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia is a distinct clinicopathologic entity. PMID- 7377224 TI - Liver cysts in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. AB - Liver cysts were found in 46 (29 per cent) of 158 patients over 10 years of age with documented autosomal dominant-type polycystic kidney disease (PKD) from 62 unrelated families. Hepatic cysts were not found in any patient at risk for PKD in whom renal cysts were not detected. The prevalence of liver cysts increased with advancing age and with declining rate of glomerular filtration. Results of clinical and laboratory studies indicate that polycystic liver disease in patients with autosomal dominant-type PKD is a benign condition, rarely, if ever, causing impaired liver function or portal hypertension. PMID- 7377225 TI - Reversible melphalan-induced lung damage. AB - Pulmonary toxicity occurs after the administration of several different chemotherapeutic agents. Pulmonary toxicity due to melphalan alone has not been documented. In the patient we describe respiratory symptoms and pulmonary infiltrates developed twice within two weeks of the second course of a monthly melphalan and prednisone regimen. Open lung biopsy revealed interstitial pneumonitis. The infiltrates cleared on both occasions when melphalan was withheld. Special studies performed seven weeks after the last dose of melphalan had been given revealed that the patient's alveolar macrophages suppressed phytohemagglutinin induced blastogenesis of his peripheral lymphocytes. Melphalan itself did not stimulate the blastogenesis of the peripheral lymphocytes. Melphalan should be added to the list of therapeutic agents that induce pulmonary disease. However, the pathogenesis of the disease remains to be elucidated. PMID- 7377223 TI - Infections of hairy cell leukemia. Clinical evidence of a pronounced defect in cell-mediated immunity. AB - We compared infection rates in 12 patients with hairy cell leukemia (a malignant neoplasm for which the cell of origin remains controversial) with rates in 15 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (a known B-lymphocyte neoplasm) recently treated at four Dallas hospitals. We found a significantly higher over all rate of infections in the patients with hairy cell leukemia (P = 0.004 BY Gehan's variation on the generalized Wilcoxon test). This increased rate was primarily due to a significantly higher rate of infections normally controlled by the cell-mediated immune system (P = 0.005). Despite these findings, five of six patients with hairy cell leukemia who were skin-tested exhibited intact delayed type hypersensitivity, and each of the three patients examined serologically produced antibodies normally in response to recent infections. A review of the case records of 173 previously described patients with hairy cell leukemia, demonstrated a similar predilection of patients with this disease for infections normally controlled by cell-mediated immunity. In this regard, they were similar to previously described patients with Hodgkin's disease. Both over-all infection rates and rates of fatal infection were highest in patients with hairy cell leukemia who received chemotherapy as their sole form of treatment and lowest in those who underwent splenectomy as their only form of antitumor therapy. PMID- 7377226 TI - Information from birth certificates as a risk index for educational handicap. AB - Information from birth certificates (including race, birth order and weight, and maternal age and education) was used to develop a set of classification equations to predict the educational status of first-grade children. The equations were developed with one-half of the sample and then applied to the other half in a replication test. The equations accurately identified approximately 80 percent of the children who scored 1 standard deviation or more below the mean on both a measure of intellectual competence and a measure of adaptive behavior. The usefulness of birth certificates as a first-line screening method was discussed. PMID- 7377227 TI - Inspection time, intelligence, and response strategy. PMID- 7377228 TI - Selective attention of mildly mentally retarded and nonretarded individuals. AB - Mildly retarded, equal-MA, and equal-CA individuals viewed tachistoscopic presentations of single-element displays under a backward visual masking paradigm. Stimulus onset asynchrony and stimulus familiarity were varied to examine the process of selective attention within the context of a proposed model of attention and memory. The data revealed that, under minimal load conditions, the internal cue-selection component of selective attention for mildly retarded subjects is comparable to that of the nonretarded subjects when familiar stimuli are employed. Alternately, when unfamiliar stimuli are employed, the equal-MA and the retarded subjects are significantly less efficient relative to the equal-CA subjects. This inefficiency is attributed to the failure of the low-MA groups to apply a durable code to the products of the orienting component of selective attention. PMID- 7377229 TI - Effects of stimulus probability on encoding by mentally retarded and nonretarded persons. AB - A choice reaction-time experiment was performed in which probe stimulus probability and probe stimulus quality were orthogonally manipulated. Subjects were retarded and nonretarded junior high school students. The stimuli were random forms presented at four probability levels in order to assess the effect of stimulus probability on the encoding process. The results indicated that the retarded subjects appeared to be less sensitive than did the nonretarded subjects to stimulus-probability information, particularly under degraded stimulus conditions. The results were discussed in terms of the relative sensitivity of retarded and nonretarded persons to stimulus-probability information and the effect of such information on the encoding process. PMID- 7377230 TI - Kinetic-imagery ability of mentally retarded young adults. AB - Two kinetic-imagery tasks were administered to mentally retarded young adults. In one task they had to judge whether pairs of symmetric ice-cream cone figures were the same or different. The cone on the left was always upright, while the cone on the right was oriented either 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, or 180 degrees clockwise from the upright. Only one-half of the subjects successfully passed a criterion pretest in which they were required to discriminate pairs of upright same--different cones. These successful subjects exhibited a linear increase in their reaction time judgments as the angular discrepancy between stimuli increased, presumably evidence that they were using an analogical mental rotation process. Although their performance was very good on this task, however, it was quite poor on the second task, in which they had to imagine the rotation of a three-block array, which apparently involves a more complex transformation. Subjects who failed to cone criterion task were unable to anticipate the outcome of the block array and produced primarily egocentric (simple reproduction) responses. PMID- 7377231 TI - Social acceptability as a function of labels and assigned attributes. AB - A variety of biasing factors have been shown to influence individuals' ratings of each other. This study was designed to investigate the effects of categorical labels and assigned attributes on the social-acceptability ratings of fourth grade children. An analysis of the results suggested that the assignment of positive attributes helped to maintain favorable ratings of a child in spite of unfavorable behavior. Implications of the results were discussed. PMID- 7377233 TI - Reducing self-stimulatory behavior of mentally retarded persons by alternative positive practice. AB - Wheelchair-mobility training (contingent upon inappropriate stereotypic behavior) combined with social praise (contingent upon toy-play behavior) effectively reduced the inappropriate behavior of three nonambulatory, profoundly retarded subjects to near-zero level. In a multiple-baseline design across subjects, self directed and outward-directed behavior was recorded in 10-second, continuous intervals during two, 10-minute sessions per day for each subject. Baseline self directed activity means and outward-directed activity means were altered significantly by the combined treatment approach, an effect confirmed by follow up data. PMID- 7377234 TI - Comparison of two reinforcement strategies in vocational-skill training of mentally retarded persons. AB - While recommendations concerning reinforcement strategies in vocational training of retarded persons range from the use of minimal social reinforcement to the use of extra social and edible reinforcement, empirical comparisons of such strategies could not be found in the literature. Four experiments were conducted to compare minimal social reinforcement to social plus edible reinforcement while lower functioning retarded clients were taught assembly tasks of varying complexities. In all experiments, the extra reinforcement generally facilitated the learning of a task to criterion in terms of training time, number of trials, total number of errors, and the proportion of errors on learned steps. Moreover, a preference test showed that the majority of clients preferred the extra reinforcement condition. PMID- 7377232 TI - Effects of the institutional label on peer assessments of institutionalized EMR persons. AB - The "group concept" of EMR persons was examined in a study in which a sample of institutionalized male and female subjects evaluated a target person either labeled as institutionalized or not labeled. Contrary to expectations, the institutionalized person was rated as favorably as the noninstitutionalized person on all of the adjective traits (e.g., "friendly"); however, all subjects showed a preference for the noninstitutionalized person on two social-distance items ("live near" and "work with"). In addition, when asked in a series of questions to compare an institutionalized and a noninstitutionalized target person, male subjects preferred the noninstitutionalized person. Results were discussed in terms of subjects' reactions to the institutional label. PMID- 7377236 TI - Validity of the Vocational Adaptation Rating Scale: prediction of mentally retarded workers' placement in sheltered workshops. AB - The validity of the Vocational Adaptation Rating Scale (VARS) for predicting placement of mentally retarded workers in sheltered-workshop settings was investigated. The VARS was administered by workshop supervisors to noninstitutionalized adolescents and adults, ranging from severely to mildly retarded. Frequency and severity of maladaptive behavior in six domains predicted the concurrent placement of retarded workers in workshops and their placement one year later. Results indicated low to moderate significant partial correlations with concurrent placement and one-year follow-up placement (controlling IQ, age, and sex). Multiple-correlation analyses indicated that the VARS provided significant increments in predictable variance in workshop placements (13.8 to 16.1 percent) relative to predictions based on IQ, age, and sex. Results support the instrument's incremental validity as a measure of maladaptive behavior in vocational settings. PMID- 7377239 TI - Tubal and peritubal surgery without magnification: an analysis. AB - From June, 1973, through August, 1977, thirty consecutive tubal or peritubal operations, exclusive of sterilization reversal procedures, were performed by Dr. Spadoni at the University Hospital in Seattle, Washington, without any form of magnification. Fifty-seven percent of the patients became pregnant, with a term pregnancy rate of 53%. There was a 30% abortion rate, but no ectopic pregnancies. Of those patients with distal tubal disease who became pregnant, 89% had postoperative hydrotubation, whereas of those who did not become pregnant, only 22% had postoperative hydrotubation. Some of the possible etiologic factors in the development of tubal and peritubal disease are discussed. PMID- 7377238 TI - Reproductive significance of changes in the endometrial cavity associated with exposure in utero to diethylstilbestrol. PMID- 7377237 TI - An address: presidential address. PMID- 7377235 TI - Adaptation to visual--motor rearrangement of mentally retarded individuals: relationship to Adaptive Behavior Scale scores. AB - Thirty-five institutionalized, mentally retarded individuals navigated an obstacle course while viewing through an optical prism that displaced the visual field (visual--motor rearrangement). The degree of adaptation to visual--motor rearrangement was assessed and compared with scores on a research version of the Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS). The results showed that those individuals who produced the expected patterns of prismatic visual--motor adaptation scored significantly higher on ABS Factors I and II but not III. Factors I and II include a number of items that depend upon sensorimotor integration. Thus, an explicit experimental technique for assessing sensorimotor adaptation was found to support the utility and validity of ABS assessment of mentally retarded individuals. PMID- 7377240 TI - Reversal of Kroener fimbriectomy sterilization. AB - Sterilization by fimbriectomy has been thought to be irreversible. The present report describes the surgical approach and results in nine patients after microsurgical tubal reconstruction and indicates that repeated pregnancy is possible after fimbriectomy reversal. Preoperative radiographic studies were used to document cornual patency and to evaluate the length, width, and rugal pattern of the ampullary segment. A new ostium was created by transverse salpingostomy and a cuff-eversion technique by means of microsurgical methods. A tubal patency rate of 83% and an intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) rate of 44% was achieved. The mean interval from operation to conception was 6 months. There were no ectopic pregnancies. The ideal candidate for fimbriectomy reversal has tubal remnants 8 cm or longer, an ampullary width of 1 cm or greater, rugal patterns on x-ray film, and minimal peritubal adhesions. Successful reversal was associated with protrusions of the endosalpinx to form a neofimbria. The success of fimbriectomy sterilization probably depends more on complete ampullary occlusion than on absence of the infundibulum with fimbria. The role of the fimbria in ovum pickup is discussed. The IUP rate after microsurgical fimbriectomy reversal compares favorably with the IUP rate after macrosurgical end-to-end anastomosis and exceeds the reversibility rate of laparoscopic electrocoagulation sterilization. PMID- 7377241 TI - Carcinoma of the breast in a community hospital: who makes the diagnosis? AB - A review of 300 cases of breast cancer in a community hospital was undertaken to document who made the initial discovery of the breast lesion. In this series, the woman discovered her own cancer in 75% of the cases. Obstetrician-gynecologists, who made up only 8% of the medical staff, discovered almost one third of the primary lesions that were first noticed by physicians. Obstetrician-gynecologists were the first physicians consulted by 20% of the women who discovered their own breast lesions. Preoperative xeromammography was performed on 58% of the patients with breast cancer, and there was a false negative report in 21% of these patients. PMID- 7377242 TI - Breech delivery in twenty years of practice. AB - A major area of controversy and concern in current obstetrics practice is the management of breech presentation. Studies showing a threefold to fourfold increased morbidity rate in breeches delivered vaginally have led to striking increases in cesarean section rates. The present study comprises a review of all breech deliveries in a partnership practice through the years 1957 to 1976 to permit a follow-up period of at least 2 years. One hundred forty-one breech presentations (excluding twin pregnancies) from a total of 5,320 viable deliveries (2.6%) were managed by one of four obstetrician-gynecologists. Follow up of the child for a period varying from 2 to 21 years was achieved in over 60% of cases. Results tend to confirm the increased hazard of vaginal delivery to the premature infant in a breech presentation but are equivocal in infants whose birth weight is greater than 2,500 gm. Implications of the study are discussed and comparison with a similar study, presented before this Society more than 25 years ago, is made. PMID- 7377244 TI - Fetal distress in term pregnancies. AB - A diagnosis of fetal distress was made in 75 term obstetrical patients from a population of 3,972 term deliveries. Twenty-three percent of the infants were scored 6 or less on the 5-minute Apgar rating. One or more determinations of fetal scalp pH were available in 27 of these patients. The scalp pH improved the accuracy of the diagnosis of fetal distress modestly. Follow-up evaluation to at least 1 month of age was available in 75% of the infants. Six infants were not neurologically normal; in four of them this was of major importance, and in the other two it was of minor importance. In one, the condition was almost certainly unrelated to prenatal or perintal factors, whereas in the other five, evidence of chronic fetal asphyxia as well as perinatal asphyxia was elicited. An additional 10 term infants with a 5-minute Apgar score of 6 or less had entirely normal electronic fetal monitoring tracings. PMID- 7377245 TI - Radical hysterectomy in the treatment of cervical cancer. AB - Two hundred and forty-one patients were treated with radical hysterectomy at our institution between 1949 and December, 1978. The corrected 5-year survival rate for all patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix was 73%. Seventeen percent of patients with occult invasive carcinoma had positive lymph nodes at the time of operation. The corrected 5-year survival rate for patients with Stage IB carcinoma who had positive nodes was 66%. Operations for recurrent or persistent disease after radiotherapy resulted in a 5-year survival rate of 54%. Current indications for radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy at our center are discussed. PMID- 7377246 TI - The effect of utilization on health care costs. AB - This report analyzes the effect of utilization on health care costs. Two important aspects of utilization are examined: (1) the type of obstetric delivery utilized; (2) the extent of utilization of hospital facilities. A retrospective review of the type of delivery employed by five different physicians to deliver 494 primiparous patients revealed cesarean section rates varying from 16% to 40%. Average charges incurred by 100 patients who had undergone uncomplicated abdominal hysterectomies varied by as much as 26%. A simple formula to project cost is included. PMID- 7377247 TI - The physician and society: individual and collective relationships. Presidential address. PMID- 7377243 TI - The randomized management of term frank breech presentation: a study of 208 cases. AB - A prospective study of 208 women in labor at term with singleton fetuses in a frank breech presentation was carried out. One hundred fifteen patients were randomized to a vaginal delivery group and 93 to an elective cesarean section group. Of the 93 women scheduled for cesarean section, 88 were delivered according to protocol. Five women progressed rapidly in labor and were delivered vaginally without complications. Of the 115 women scheduled for vaginal delivery, x-ray pelvimetry was obtained on 112. Three women were delivered vaginally without incident before x-ray pelvimetry could be obtained. One of these women was delivered of an infant who died shortly after birth of lethal congenital anomalies. Of the 112 women with x-ray pelvimetry, 52 had one or more inadequate pelvic measurements and were scheduled for indicated cesarean section. Three women, however, were delivered vaginally without incident before operation could be performed. Of the remaining 60 patients in this group, 49 were delivered vaginally without a perinatal death. Eleven women required cesarean section for difficulties during labor. There were no maternal deaths, but 73 (49.3%) of the 148 women who were delivered by cesarean section in this study experienced postpartum morbidity. Only four (6.7%) of the 60 women delivered vaginally had postpartum complications. Based on the data, it seems resonable to allow vaginal delivery in carefully selected cases of term frank breech presentation. PMID- 7377248 TI - Binding of medroxyprogesterone acetate in human breast cancer. AB - Human mammary tumor cytosol containing macromolecules which bound 3H-MPA (3H medroxyprogesterone acetate or 1,2-3H-6 Alpha-methyl-17 alpha-acetoxy-pregn-4-ene 3,20-dione) and 3H-R5020 (6,7-3H-17,21-dimethyl-19-nor-pregna-4,9-diene-3,20 dione) similarly with high affinity (Ka approximately equal to 2 nM-1) and specificity. The progestin-binding components had sedimentation coefficients of about 4S and 7S in sucrose gradients and had approximately the same number of binding sites for Ma and R5020 as revealed by gradient centrifugation and saturation analysis. Among the steroids tested, these components had the highest affinities for progestins and were probably progesterone receptors of human breast cancer. A 4S component of human serum bound 3H-R5020 but not 3H-MPA. With 3H-MPA and 3H-estradiol used as the tracers, the concentrations of progesterone and estrogen receptors have been determined in 236 human breast cancers by saturation analysis. Our results on the receptor content and response of 31 of these tumors to endocrine therapy suggest that progesterone receptor may be a better marker of a hormonally responsive breast cancer. PMID- 7377250 TI - Obstetrics and gynecology: doing better--feeling worse. PMID- 7377249 TI - Upper genital tract changes and pregnancy outcome in offspring exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol. AB - Hysterosalpingography (HSG) was performed on 267 diethylstilbestrol (DES)-exposed women. One hundred eighty-five (69%) of these women demonstrated an abnormality and 82 women had normal findings. A relationship between abnormal x-ray findings and structural abnormalities of the cervix and vaginal epithelial changes was noted. Ninety-three women on whom roentgenography was performed had a total of 144 pregnancies. The pregnancy outcome in this group of women was significantly worse than that found in a control population of 87 women who had 147 pregnancies. In addition, women with abnormal x-ray films were found to have a poorer pregnancy outcome than the group of women with normal findings. The women with abnormal x-ray films had more ectopic pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, and premature deliveries than women with normal x-ray films although these differences were not statistically significant. Significantly fewer women with abnormal findings than women with normal x-rays were delivered of term infants. PMID- 7377252 TI - Heritable aspects of endometriosis. I. Genetic studies. AB - Systematic genetic studies in endometriosis apparently have not been conducted; therefore, we studied 123 patients with histologically proved endometriosis. Nine of 153 (5.8%) female sibs (over age 18) of patients with histologically proved endometriosis were considered similarly affected; 10 of 123 mothers (8.1%) were affected; 19 of 276 (6.9%) of all first-degree relatives were affected. By contrast, only one of 104 (1.0%) female sibs of their husbands and only one of 107 (0.9%) mothers of their husbands were affected, significantly (p less than 0.05) less for both sibs and mothers. Several genetic etiologies can be postulated, but polygenic/multifactorial inheritance seems most likely because of (1) the 6.9% recurrence risk for all first-degree relatives and (2) observations that the 18 patients with an affected first-degree relative were more likely to have severe endometriosis than those without an affected first-degree relative. PMID- 7377253 TI - Heritage aspects of endometriosis. II. Clinical characteristics of familial endometriosis. AB - Clinical characteristics of patients with histologically confirmed pelvic endometriosis who had an affected first-degree relative (N = 18) were compared to those who had no such affected relative (N = 105). The only significant difference was that 61% of individuals in the former group had severe endometriosis, compared to only 24% in the latter group. This observation is most consistent with a polygenic/multifactorial etiology, although other genetic mechanisms cannot be excluded. Our observations carry several important practical implications. First, an apparently unaffected patient with an affected first degree relative should be counseled that her risk of developing endometriosis is 7%. This might influence the choice of contraception, the timing of pregnancy, and the extent to which aggressive diagnostic approaches (e.g., laparoscopy and curettage) would be appropriate. PMID- 7377251 TI - Manpower for obstetrics and gynecology. II. Characteristics of patients; their diagnoses and care. AB - A further report from the cooperative manpower study of the University of Southern California American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has identified characteristics of patients and their diagnoses and classified types of patient-physician encounters. Obstetrician-gynecologists care for women mainly between the ages of 20 and 44, deal two thirds of the time with only five diagnostic categories in the office and 10 in the hospital, and provide primary care in 78.2% of all patient encounters. PMID- 7377254 TI - Antenatal corticosteroids to prevent neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: risk versus benefit considerations. AB - The clinician considering administration of steroids to prevent respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) should attempt to identify patients who do not have criteria previously shown to increase the likelihood of benefit in the prevention of RDS. It is possible to accurately predict the interval to delivery in most cases. Four hundred thirty-nine patients at risk to deliver prior to 37 weeks have been screened for factors known to decrease the likelihood of benefit. Only 47 (10.7%) screened candidates have no exclusion criteria. Twenty-seven (6.9%) of 392 excluded neonates developed RDS; 20 of the 27 were predicted to and did deliver in less than 24 hours after initial screening. Only one case was inappropriately excluded. Fetal surfactant assessment is crucial; pulmonary maturity excludes 19% at 28 to 33 weeks and 35% at 34 to 37 weeks. Careful screening for exclusion factors known to decrease the likelihood of steroid derived benefit is essential when use of a drug with potential long-term consequences (risk) is considered. PMID- 7377255 TI - The effect of estrogen priming on induction of labor with prostaglandins. AB - A double-blind, randomized study was designed to determine whether estrogen "priming" of the unripe cervix followed by prostaglandin induction of labor would have a synergistic effect on cervical ripening and improve the success rate of induction. One hundred near-term patients with Bishop scores less than or equal to 4 received an intramuscular injection of either 10 mg of estradiol valerate or a placebo 48 hours prior to induction of labor with oral prostaglandin E2. The serial changes in Bishop scores were very similar in both groups. The success rate of induction in the study group (69.8%) was not statistically different from that in the control group (61.9%). The duration of labor was 9.9 +/- 4.1 hours in the study group versus 9.1 +/- 3.7 hours in the control group (not significant). This study showed that 10 mg of estradiol valerate had no detectable effect on the unripe cervix near term and did not show a synergistic effect with prostaglandins during induction of labor. PMID- 7377256 TI - Attitudes of adolescents toward pregnancy and contraception. AB - Teenage pregnancy rates are increasing, particularly among the younger age groups. The causes of this increase are varied. While many people assume that most adolescent pregnancies are unwanted and result from a lack of contraceptive knowledge and/or availability, our findings were quite to the contrary. In-depth interviews with 87 pregnant teenagers in a large Southern city revealed that almost all had knowledge of contraception and that most were happy about being pregnant. Multidisciplinary programs have been organized throughout the country to address the adolescent pregnancy problem. Our study emphasizes the fact that to be effective, such programs must be tailored to the individual target group and that concentrating on the increased dissemination of contraceptive knowledge and methods may not be the most effective approach in some groups. PMID- 7377258 TI - Alternative birthing center: experience in a teaching obstetric service. AB - The Illinois Masonic Medical Center's (IMMC) experience with an Alternative Birthing Center (ABC), established as an integral part of the conventional obstetric suite, has proved to be a safe and efficacious method of providing a true alternative to high technology obstetric care to those carefully screened, low-risk patients who elect this form of childbirth experience. However, the high transfer rate (23.8%) and substantial cesarean birth rate (9.17%) in this low risk group of patients do demonstrate the necessity for the immediate availability of conventional and high technology obstetric facilities, as well. The low incidence of neonatal morbidity demonstrates that the ABC is a safe environment for the neonate. Acceptance and utilization of the ABC by consumers and professionals is rapidly increasing as it is demonstrated to be a safe alternative to birth in a conventional delivery suite or home delivery. PMID- 7377257 TI - Extraperitoneal surgical approach to the pelvis after radiation therapy or radical surgery. AB - Use of extraperitoneal surgical procedures in patients who have developed a retroperitoneal surgical problem after radiation therapy, primary radical surgery, or both has the advantages of excellence of exposure, shortness of operating time, isolation of infections, and avoidance of bowel manipulation. The surgical technique was adjusted to each individual patient's needs in the 21 patients involved in this study. Intensified pelvic fibrosis with constriction of ureter and pelvic vessels postoperatively was experienced in one patient. The surgical exploration should remain confirmed to the area of interest. PMID- 7377259 TI - Immune complexes and carcinoembryonic antigen levels in metastatic choroidal tumors. AB - We studied 11 patients with metastatic choroidal tumors and one patient with a metastatic choroidal melanoma by using the Raji cell radioimmunoassay to detect immune complexes, and the carcinoembryonic assay. Ten (91%) patients with choroidal metastases had an increase of either immune complex levels or carcinoembryonic antigen results. PMID- 7377260 TI - Melanocytoma of the ciliary body and iris. AB - A 29-year-old woman had a pigmented ciliary body mass that extended through the iris into the anterior chamber. On the basis of clinical findings and ancillary diagnostic studies, the clinical diagnosis was malignant melanoma of the ciliary body. The enucleated eye showed the tumor to be composed of cells identical to those of a melanocytoma of the optic disk. PMID- 7377261 TI - Orbital carcinoid tumor metastatic from the colon. AB - Acute exophthalmos and ophthalmoplegia of the left eye developed in a 58-year-old woman convalescing from a right hemicolectomy for a carcinoid tumor of the colon. Roentgenograms of the orbit and computed tomograms showed a large posterior left orbital mass. Lateral orbitotomy and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoid tumor. Irradiation with radioactive cobalt (60Co) resulted in early relief of the ocular symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second documented case of orbital metastatic carcinoid tumor and the first patient with orbital involvement from a primary carcinoid tumor of the colon. Orbital irradiation for metastatic orbital carcinoid tumor has not been previously reported and should be used for symptomatic relief, because long-term survival is possible in patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors. PMID- 7377262 TI - Retinal injuries associated with cataract surgery. AB - Five patients had trauma to the retina that occurred during cataract surgery. In two of the cases the injury was caused by perforation of the globe by the retrobulbar injection needle and in one case the retinal injury occurred when the superior rectus muscle bridle suture perforated the sclera. A stab incision for release of blood in an expulsive choroidal hemorrhage caused a retinal dialysis. Another case of retinal dialysis was caused by aspiration of solid vitreous after vitreous loss. PMID- 7377264 TI - The outflow pathway in congenital glaucoma. AB - We obtained specimens from the angle of the eye during a trabeculotomy trabeculectomy operation of a 5-month-old boy with congenital glaucoma. Light and electron miscroscopy of the anterior chamber angle showed the presence of mesodermal tissue covering the entire trabecular area. The trabecular meshwork showed thickening of trabecular beams, and an increased amount of collagen fibrils in the trabecular matrix. Internal trabecular spaces contained red blood cells; outer trabecular spaces were not apparent. The juxtacanalicular trabecular meshwork was thicker than in normal cases, because of an increased amount of collagen fibrils. The endothelium of Schlemm's canal was underlined by a thick and constant layer of amorphous material. These observations suggested that the site of increased resistance to aqueous humor outflow in congenital glaucoma could be found in abnormalities of the trabecular meshwork and the internal wall of Schlemm's canal. PMID- 7377263 TI - Scleral buckling without thermal adhesion. AB - One hundred seventy-five consecutive and unselected patients with retinal detachment were treated with a scleral buckling procedure without inducing a thermal adhesion. In 143 (82%) of these patients reattachment was successful after one operation. In 32 patients (18%) reattachment was not initially successful. These failures resulted from buckle malposition, periretinal proliferation, new or missed breaks, and the inability to close giant tears. Fifteen of the 32 reattached after subsequent scleral buckling without thermal adhesion. Final success was achieved, therefore, in 158 (90%) of the original group of 175 cases. We concluded that a chorioretinal scar might have prevented initial failure only in those cases of buckle malposition. The high incidence (17, [10%]) of periretinal proliferation, accounting for all of our final failures, did not concur with or support previous impressions indicating a causal relationship between thermal treatment and proliferative complications. PMID- 7377265 TI - Bilateral optic atrophy caused by chronic oral ingestion and topical application of hexachlorophene. AB - A 31-year-old woman ingested hexachlorophene (pHisoHex) over a ten-month period. She developed bilateral optic atrophy with no other systemic evidence of neurotoxicity. This cases supports pathologists' findings that the optic nerve and chiasm are particularly sensitive to the poisonous effects of hexachlorophene. PMID- 7377266 TI - Adult-onset foveomacular pigment epithelial dystrophy. AB - Thirty-three pateints had adult-onset foveomacular dystrophy. The macular lesions typically resulted in a mild to moderate decrease in vision and appeared as small, yellow, bilateral, slightly elevated, pigment epithelial lesions with areas of hyperpigmentation. The characteristic finding on fluorescein angiography was a ring of hyperfluorescence surrounding an area of hypofluorescence. The electro-oculograms were either normal or slightly subnormal in most cases. This dystrophy appears to have an autosomal dominant transmission. PMID- 7377267 TI - Visual loss in retinitis pigmentosa. AB - I investigated the visual histories of 91 consecutive patients with retinitis pigmentosa to determine when, and how fast, visual acuity was affected by the disease. The results from recessive cases showed that visual loss may occur at any age in retinitis pigmentosa, and typically progresses from 6/12 (20/40) to 6/60 (20/200) in about six years. At any given time, most of the patients had either good or poor visual acuity; intermediate levels of visual acuity appeared to be unstable. Before age 20 years, 60 to 90% of the patients had a visual acuity of 6/12 (20/40) or better, and few had a visual acuity of 6/60 (20/200) or worse. By age 50 years, 25% of the patients still retained good visual acuity, but more than 50% had visual acuity of 6/60 (20/200) or worse. PMID- 7377268 TI - Computed tomographic features in optic neuritis. AB - A computed tomography scan obtained in two patients with monocular visual loss showed diffuse enlargement and enhancement of the intraorbital portion of the involved optic nerve. Although these tomographic features were initially interpreted as an optic nerve glioma by the neuroradiologist, the ensuing clinical course established the diagnosis of optic neuritis. PMID- 7377269 TI - Disappearing opticociliary shunt vessels and pseudotumor cerebri. AB - In two patients opticociliary venous shunts occurred in association with pseudotumor cerebri. One patient underwent bilateral optic nerve sheath fenestrations, after which her papilledema resolved, and the opticociliary venous shunts were noted to be markedly decreased in caliber. PMID- 7377270 TI - Transient supranuclear disturbances of gaze in healthy neonates. AB - We examined 242 healthy neonates. Five developed transient tonic downward deviation of the eyes and eight showed any resultant visual, systemic, or neurologic abnormality. However, five of the 22 children with neonatal skew deviation developed a subsequent comitant horizontal stabismus. Although transient supranuclear disturbances of gaze are common in healthy neonates, skew deviation is a risk factor for development of horizontal stabismus. PMID- 7377271 TI - Automated suprathreshold static perimetry. AB - Automated (Fieldmaster) and manual kinetic perimetry were performed in 1,019 eyes with various visual disorders. tunder appropriate test conditions, automated Fieldmaster evaluations showed a 96.1% detection rate and a 4.7% false alarm rate for detection of visual field defects. Preliminary results for 168 eyes showed that sequential follow-up testing with the Fieldmaster correctly identified progression or regression of visual field loss in more than 94% (34 of 36) of the eyes with visual field changes. The Fieldmaster correctly determined no change in visual field characteristics for 99% (131 of 132) of the eyes with stable visual fields. These data indicate that the Fieldmaster is an excellent device for detecting visual field defects, and also has some capabilities for monitoring progression or regression of visual field loss. PMID- 7377272 TI - Enhancement of retinal fluorescein biomicroscopy. AB - We constructed an optical bench model of the American Optical slit lamp to test effectiveness of several filters to enhance visualization of fluorescein. The filters varied considerably in light transmission. This variability of light transmission correlated well with the application of the filters in clinical practice. PMID- 7377273 TI - Are the dominant eyes of amblyopes normal? AB - The common assumption that the dominant eyes of unilateral amblyopes are normal eyes is shown to be unjustified. The dominant eyes of unilateral amblyopes are shown to have reduced sensitivity, reduced acuity, and a horizontal eccentricity of fixation when compared to eyes of persons with normal acuity and normal binocular fixation. PMID- 7377274 TI - Ophthalmometric prediction of correcting cylinder axis. PMID- 7377275 TI - Tear chloride as an adaptive index. PMID- 7377276 TI - Position of the corneal apex in keratoconus. AB - The position of the corneal apex in 38 untreated eyes with keratoconus was measured by photoelectronic keratoscopy. An inferior, temporal displacement of the apex relative to the visual axis was most frequent; the magnitude of the displacement was not exceptional. Compared to the corneal apex of the normal eye, that of the keratoconic eye shows a greater frequency of temporal and inferior displacement. The importance of this information in the diagnosis and contact lens fitting of these cases is discussed. PMID- 7377277 TI - Measuring light levels with photographic meters. AB - With proper conversion factors, light meters designed for photographic use may be used to measure clinical light levels. Conversion factors and use of these light meters are discussed. PMID- 7377279 TI - Optometric therapy of divergence excess strabismus. AB - A review and analysis of the vision-training procedures were carried out over a period of 2 years at State University of New York (SUNY), University Optometric Center by 20 staff optometrists on 28 patients exhibiting divergence excess strabismus using models proposed by Flax and Greene. Training included motility, accommodative rock, fusion, antisuppression, and stereoscopic skills by a variety of techniques and devices. Patients who exhibited smaller pretraining angles of deviation, increased maturity, and greater motivation responded most successfully to treatment. The results achieved in this study compare favorably with those obtained by traditional orthoptic procedures. PMID- 7377278 TI - A new method of concomitancy testing. AB - Concomitancy is one of several factors to measure when performing a complete diagnostic evaluation of heterotropias and heterophorias. When the fusion-free position of the eyes varies significantly in magnitude or direction in different fields of gaze, nonconcomitancy exists. Frequently the testing of concomitancy is overlooked or performed with little precision. Yet, concomitancy testing is important because the existence and amount of nonconcomitancy may influence the prognosis, therapeutic approach, and success in treatment, and may indicate some life-threatening systemic problem which requires referral. A specially designed light-emitting diode target screen was combined with the projection system of the B & L Autoplot. This system allows the Hess-Lancaster test to be performed quickly and accurately with automatic recording of the patient's responses. PMID- 7377280 TI - Chromoretinoscopy and its instrumentation. AB - Transmittance filters with selected dominant wavelengths, when placed in the light path between the light source of a retinoscope and the retinoscopist's eye, make possible a clinical measurement of the chromatic aberration of an eye. This kind of retinoscopy (chromoretinoscopy) also determines the approximate wavelength in focus in the retinal plane, when an eye is fixating an object at some distance. For laboratory purposes, these measurements can be considerably refined when a high intensity monochromator is used as the retinoscope's light source and care is taken to fix the subject's accommodation. PMID- 7377281 TI - Comparative study involving bitoric effect of hard resin lenses mounted in optyl frames, zylonite frames, and metal frames. AB - It has been noted clinically that hard resin lenses mounted in rimmed frames exhibited bitoricity. The manufacturers of optyl plastic frames claim that the molecular structure of optyl eliminates the bitoric effect. This study involves "clocking" hard resin lenses mounted in frames fashioned of optyl, zylonite plastic, and metal mountings to test this hypothesis. The results are important because of the increasing use of optical CR 39 plastic in the fabrication of eyewear. PMID- 7377282 TI - The eye in extended contact lens wear. AB - Fitting contact lenses for extended wear requires special lenses and sophisticated skills on the part of the fitter. Problems which may occur involve oxygen transmission, protein accumulation, neovascularization, conjunctival papillae and hyperemia, and corneal swelling. The need to keep the lenses clean and for frequent reexamination of the ocular tissues puts more demand on both the practitioner and the patient. The practitioner who fits extended wear lenses needs adequate instrumentation and the skill and time to care for the patient. He must also be easily accessible to the patient. PMID- 7377283 TI - Corneal oxygen demands: a comparison of the open- and closed-eye environments. AB - Equivalent oxygen (E.O.P.) responses, using a mammalian corneal model, were measured for open- and closed-eye conditions, and with and without the presence of a silicone, a standard thickness HEMA, and an ultrathin HEMA contact lens. Under open-eye conditions, the silicone lens even with a center thickness of 0.25 mm, diminished the E.O.P. response insignificantly compared to the no-lens condition. The ultrathin HEMA lens (0.06-mm center thickness) produced a response approximately three times superior to that of the standard thickness HEMA lens. Under closed-eye conditions, only the silicone lens, however, caused the cornea to respond within the Polse-Mandell zone. PMID- 7377285 TI - Contrast thresholds versus border enhancement: effect of scattered light. AB - Contrast thresholds with sine wave grids, spatial frequency thresholds and border enhancement spread were measured while the amount of scattering in the retinal image was varied. Narrow-angle scattering similar to that produced by the cornea and crystalline lens was generated by specially designed filters. The purpose was to assess the effectivity of these widely different responses as measures of small order scattering effects. As noted by other investigators, spatial frequency thresholds proved insensitive to small amounts of scattering. On the other hand, contrast thresholds for high frequency targets and border enhancement spread both showed significant changes with small amounts of scattering. Of these two criteria, border enhancement proved to be the more consistent scattering index. PMID- 7377286 TI - Flight crew exposure to ozone concentrations affecting the visual system. AB - To estimate the potential for ozone (O3) effects on the human visual system in flight, O3 concentrations in Boeing 747-100 cockpits were measured during routine flights between London and the United States. From a review of previous reports, it appears that O3 may have both beneficial and harmful effects but that further studies of the visual system responses to O3 are needed before the present findings of 0.030 parts per million (ppm) mean O3, 0.200 ppm maximum O3, and 0.261 ppm-hours average cumulative O3 exposure can be effectively evaluated. Unexpectedly high O3 concentrations were encountered at altitudes below 18,000 feet and, at times, the O3 concentration was observed to decrease as flight level was increased. The clinical, operational, and policy implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7377284 TI - The prevalence of refractive and ocular anomalies among 1242 institutionalized mentally retarded persons. AB - The population of a large Canadian institution, providing rehabilitative and health care for the mentally retarded, received oculo-visual assessments in an optometric clinic established in the hospital by the University of Waterloo, School of Optometry. The ocular and visual anomalies of 1242 residents have been compiled and analyzed. This paper reports the results and discusses their implications. The size of the sample makes the data useful in planning vision care delivery to the mentally retarded. Comparisons are made to similar data obtained from a concurrent study of a community sample and to studies from vision literature. PMID- 7377287 TI - Two distinct types of hepatitis in experimental hepatitis B virus infection. AB - The course of experimental hepatitis B in chimpanzees was studied, and two biochemically, serologically, and histopathologically distinctive types were identified. The first type was self-limiting, rapidly resolving hepatitis with spiking and short-term elevation of SGPT starting at around 5 weeks after the appearance of HBs antigenemia. The second type was smoldering and persistent hepatitis with low-plateau-forming persistent transanimase abnormality developing around 10 weeks after the appearance of HBsAg. Anti-HBc became positive before the transaminase elevation in the second type, while in the first type it became positive after the SGPT elevation. Histologically, the second type was characterized by marked infiltration of lymphoid cells in portal areas with lymphoid follicles. This was seen even before the histologic manifestations of liver cell injury and the elevation of SGPT in two cases. The portal inflammatory cell infiltration became evident at 6 to 9 weeks after the HBsAg appearance and became increasingly more severe thereafter. The intralobular changes remained mild, with rare liver cell necroses. Chronic hepatitis developed subsequently in two cases. In the first type, the portal changes developed almost simultaneously with intralobular changes and were not prominent. In contrast to the second type, the intralobular changes with multiple liver cell necrosis were more severe. PMID- 7377288 TI - The parathyroid glands in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b. AB - The histologic features of 21 parathyroid glands obtained from 16 Mayo Clinic patients aged 2 to 52 years who had multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b (MEN 2b) were evaluated. The findings were correlated with the patients' ages and with the serum concentrations of calcium (15 patients), phosphorus (14 patients), and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (11 patients), and with the response of serum iPTH to calcium infusion (6 patients). We also studied the histologic features of 13 parathyroid glands obtained from 8 patients not seen at the Mayo Clinic with MEN 2b. The microscopic appearance of the glands was normal in patients under the age of 17; with increased age, the glands did not exhibit normal involution, and an appearance consistent with mild chief-cell hyperplasia was evident. This abnormality was not associated with clinical or laboratory manifestations of hyperparathyroidism. We presently believe that parathyroidectomy for the disorder is not justified. PMID- 7377289 TI - An ultrastructural and morphometric study of the liver of normal and copper poisoned sheep. AB - In sheep given copper (Cu) at the level of 10 ml of a 0.2% solution of CuSO4.5H2O/kg body weight, the volume density of nuclei and cytoplasm of hepatocytes increased and the volume density of the sinusoids and the space of Disse decreased. These changes were interpreted as an indication of cellular swelling. There was a significant increase in volume density, number, and absolute volume of lysosomes when Cu was given. The greatest increase in number occurred during the pre-hemolytic period (mean = 48 days), and the highest increase in volume occurred thereafter. Thus, the most extensive proliferation of lysosomes occurred in livers of the pre-hemolytic sheep, and the hemolytic sheep had the largest and heaviest lysosomes. The liver necrosis in sheep undergoing hemolysis was possible caused by hydrolytic enzymes released by the rupture of the enclosing lysosomal membranes. The significant increase in volume density of mitochondria observed in livers of sheep given Cu was due to an increase in volume (swelling) rather than an increase in number. PMID- 7377290 TI - Animal model of human disease: Bronchogenic carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 7377291 TI - Comparison of actual and simulated EMG biofeedback in the treatment of hemiplegic patients. PMID- 7377292 TI - Intravenous infusions of nutrients and sleep in the rat: an ischymetric sleep regulation hypothesis. AB - Unrestrained food-deprived rats received their daily caloric needs through continuous or discontinuous intravenous infusions of specific nutritive substances over a period of 3 consecutive days each, and the effect on sleep monitored by electroencephalogram was examined. Continuous glucose or lipid infusions did not affect the daily sleep quotas. Amino-acid infusion brought about a significant increase in paradoxical sleep (PS), whereas slow-wave sleep (SWS) remained unchanged. Rats that received the highly nutritive composite solution showed significant increase in both SWS and PS. The same increase in SWS and PS was observed when exogenous insulin was coinfused with continuous infusion of glucose or when glucose infusions were discontinuous. These findings suggest that sleep might be related to both the nature and the degree of utilization of the circulating metabolites. A model for the action on sleep of nutrients at the systemic level was proposed; only when substances are metabolized is there a direct effect on sleep mechanisms. PMID- 7377293 TI - Relationship between plasma osmolality and plasma vasopressin in human subjects. AB - The relationship between plasma osmolality (pOsm) and plasma vasopressin (pAVP) was studied in 13 human subjects during dehydration. The fit of linear, log linear, parabolic, and exponential models was tested. For all of the data, the nonlinear models had the best fit. However, when individual differences in either gain or threshold were allowed for, the linear models were better than log-linear models. Finally, analyses were made with individual data points. Linear models had the best fit in half of the subjects, whereas for the others the parabolic model gave the best fit. For those subjects investigated in the low range of the osmoregulatory curve, a linear relationship was found, whereas, for those having the most pronounced increase in pOsm, the most significant improvement was found with the parabolic model. This finding indicates that the relationship is not stable during dehydration in the whole range and that hypovolemia probably can influence the secretion rate and/or metabolic clearance rate and thereby the relationship. PMID- 7377294 TI - Evidence that body size does not determine voluntary food intake in the rat. AB - Rats, 5.5 wk of age, were food restricted for a period of 30 days duration. On termination of caloric deprivation, the food-restricted rats were 142 g lighter than comparable freely eating control rats (177 +/- 3 g vs. 319 +/- 4 g; P less than 0.001). Because of the smaller body size, adipocyte diameter in epididymal pads of the calorie-deprived rats was 52 +/- 1 micron compared to a value of 72 +/- 3 micron for the control rats (P less than 0.001). After restoration of ad libitum feeding, the food-restricted rats experienced an accelerated rate of weight gain until body weight and adipocyte diameter approached those of the control animals. The greater rate of weight gain occurred despite the fact that voluntary food intake remained essentially the same for both groups of animals. Food intake over the 18-wk-long restoration period totaled 3,078 +/- 40 g for the food-restricted rats compared to a value of 3,108 +/- 53 g for the control rats. These results demonstrate that neither body size nor the size of the adipocyte determines voluntary food intake in the rat. PMID- 7377295 TI - Food and protein intake, glucagon, and distribution of alpha-aminoisobutyrate in the rat. AB - Distribution of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) in the rat was modified by food, dietary protein, and glucagon. In rats last fed 24 h before AIB injection, AIB clearance from plasma and uptake into liver were greater in rats fed a high protein diet (60% casein) than in rats fed the control diet (18% casein); AIB clearance from plasma and uptake into muscle were lowered by a low-protein diet (6% casein). Feeding rats lowered clearance of AIB from plasma in low- and high protein groups. Distribution ratios (AIB concentration in tissue water/AIB in plasma) were low in all tissues but liver during the first 7 h after feeding high protein when compared to the control values; ratios were low in muscle, heart, and kidney after feeding low protein. Maximum ratios occurred at different times for different tissues; the time was delayed by the high-protein diet in all tissues but liver. Glucagon increased all ratios in rats fed the control or low protein diets, with the smallest changes occurring in liver and muscle from low protein rats. PMID- 7377296 TI - Enhancement of renal medullary pyruvate kinase activity during cell proliferation induced by potassium depletion. PMID- 7377297 TI - Proximal tubular response to variations in extracellular sodium concentration. AB - In vitro microperfusion was used to study the effect of low and high extracellular sodium concentrations on the transport capacity of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). Tubules from rabbit kidney were perfused with luminal and peritubular solutions containing 80, 115, 190, and 225 mM sodium. Control solutions contained 150 mM sodium. No ionic substitution was made and the proximal convoluted tubules were studied under hypo- or hypertonic conditions after a 20-min equilibration period. Sodium concentration was measured at 80, 150, and 225 mM sodium in the perfused and collected fluids and no significant difference was observed. Net sodium transport (JNa) remained relatively constant between 115 and 150 mM sodium. It decreased progressively at high sodium concentrations. Depression in JNa was also observed at 80 mM sodium. Fractional sodium reabsorption increased to 125.0% of control at 115 mM sodium and decreased to 69.4 and 40.1% at 190 and 225 mM sodium, respectively. At 80 mM, the results were not different from control. These findings indicate that at concentrations of 115-225 mM sodium the proximal convoluted tubule has the intrinsic capacity to regulate sodium transport. PMID- 7377298 TI - Induction of amiloride-sensitive sodium transport in the rat colon by mineralocorticoids. PMID- 7377299 TI - Renal interstitial pressure and sodium excretion during renal vein constriction. AB - Studies were performed on anesthetized dogs to determine the relationship of interstitial pressure to sodium excretion during renal vein constriction in the presence and absence of volume expansion. Renal interstitial pressure was measured from implanted capsules during basal renal venous pressure and increased pressures of 10, 20, 30, and 40 mmHg. A positive relationship between renal venous pressure and interstitial pressure was demonstrated in hydropenia and in volume expansion, with markedly higher interstitial pressures obtained in volume expansion. A positive correlation was demonstrated between fractional sodium excretion and renal interstitial pressure in hydropenia as compared to a significant negative correlation in volume expansion. Negative correlations were demonstrated in volume expansion between renal interstitial pressure and glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow as compared to no significant change in these parameters in hydropenia. Accordingly, a positive correlation was demonstrated between renal interstitial pressure and sodium excretion in hydropenia but not in volume expansion. Volume expansion was characterized by higher interstitial pressure and decreased sodium excretion in association with decreased renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 7377300 TI - Maladaptive renal response to secondary hypercapnia in chronic metabolic alkalosis. PMID- 7377301 TI - Competition between sodium reabsorption and gluconeogenesis in kidneys of steroid treated rats. AB - Kidneys of rats treated with methylprednisolone show altered substrate requirements for sodium reabsorption when perfused in vitro. Such kidneys synthesize glucose from lactate at twice the rate of control. Optimum sodium reabsorption is not seen with glucose, which is normally the preferred substrate. Sodium reabsorption is restored toward normal by the combination of glucose and butyrate, by pyruvate, or by 3-mercaptopicolinate. All of these results point to a metabolic adaptation in the kidney; butyrate may improve sodium reabsorption by sparing glucose, pyruvate is a gluconeogenic precursor and an effective fuel of respiration, and 3-mercaptopicolinate is an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis. In kidneys from rats treated with methylprednisolone there is an increased requirement for metabolic energy because of the increased rate of gluconeogenesis. It is suggested that the availability of energy from glucose oxidation is limited in part by the diversion of pyruvate back to glucose. Under these special circumstances, gluconeogenesis competes with sodium reabsorption in the intact kidney. PMID- 7377302 TI - Peritubular uptake of lactate by Thamnophis proximal tubule. AB - Lactate is absorbed in the proximal tubule and also enters tubular cells at the peritubular membrane. To characterize peritubular lactate entry, lactate uptake was measured in isolated nonperfused proximal tubules. Tubules were dissected and incubated in Ringer solution with L(+)-[U-14C]lactate and 3H2O. After incubation, the tubules were extracted, and the extracts were assayed for 14C and 3H or were chromatographed to determine the percentage of tubule 14C identifiable as lactate. Maximal steady-state tubular fluid-to-bath lactate concentration ratios (TF/B lactate) occurred by 30-60 min incubation at 25 degrees C. In 30 min, one third of the tubules established a TF/B lactate ratio greater than 1.00, and 61.4 +/- 18.6% of tubule 14C was lactate. There was no difference in TF/B lactate ratio in proximal and distal proximal segments. Uptake was depressed at 5 degrees C. Mersalyl at 10(-4) M increased the TF/B lactate ratio and tubule water content. Probenecid at 7.5-30 x 10(-4) M also increased the TF/B lactate ratio. Distal proximal tubules incubated with [3H]PAH showed a control TF/B para aminohippurate (PAH) ratio of approximately 30, but with 10(-4) M mersalyl the TF/B PAH ratio was approximately 1.00. Lactate uptake at the peritubular membrane occurs against an electrochemical gradient, independently from the PAH transport mechanism. PMID- 7377303 TI - Peritubular uptake and transepithelial transport of glycine in isolated proximal tubules. AB - We examined transport of glycine from the bathing solution into cells and across the epithelium of perfused and nonperfused segments of isolated proximal straight (PST) and proximal convoluted (PCT) tubules. The cell-to-bath distribution ratio in about 0.15 mM glycine was 10.0 +/- 0.7 (SE) in nonperfused PST and 4.3 +/- 1.2 in PCT. Rapid luminal perfusion reduced these values to 4.6 +/- 0.3 and 2.0 +/- 0.5, respectively, but cellular accumulation in the PST still confirmed the presence of active basolateral uptake which was Na+ dependent. Bath-to-lumen glycine fluxes in both segments were linear over a wide range of bathing solution glycine concentrations, and the apparent permeability of this nonsaturable pathway was not significantly different from the nonsaturable component of the lumen-to-bath flux, evaluated by nonlinear fitting. Removal of Na+ from perfusing and bathing solutions reduced the cellular glycine concentration by more than 60% in the PST, yet this had no effect on bath-to-lumen glycine fluxes. We conclude that backleak of glycine occurs by a paracellular path. PMID- 7377304 TI - Effects of a meal and gut hormones on plasma motilin and duodenal motility in dog. AB - Cyclic increases in the motilin level that coincided with phase III activity of interdigestive myoelectric activity of interdigestive myoelectric activity of the duodenum produced varied plasma motilin concentrations in a fasting dog. Ingestion of a meat meal not only abolished the cyclic increases in motilin concentrations, but also resulted in a significant decrease in the plasma motilin level that was accompanied by phase II-like myoelectric activity of the duodenum, a so-called digestive pattern. Although intravenous gastrin or cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-OP) or a combination of gastrin, CCK-OP, and secretin converted the interdigestive myoelectric activity to a digestive pattern, the cyclic increases in plasma motilin levels coulc not be changed by these hormones. This study indicates that a cyclic increase in motilin concentration occurs during the interdigestive period, but not during the digestive period. Instead, a significant decrease occurs. These changes in plasma motilin levels do not appear to be produced by three known gut hormones that are released after ingestion of a meal. PMID- 7377305 TI - Contribution of bile to postprandial intestinal hyperemia. AB - The role played by bile in postprandial intestinal hyperemia was examined by comparing the vascular effects of luminal placement of various nutrients with and without bile in situ jejunal segments of anesthetized dogs. The bile concentration was either 10 or 33% of that in the gallbladder. At these concentrations, bile per se in the jejunal lumen does not alter local blood flow. In the absence of bile, only glucose increased flow (+5% above control). With 10% bile, glucose and oleic acid increased flow by 10 and 24%, whereas with 33% bile, glucose, oleic acid, caproic acid, and amino acids increased flow by 22, 21, 12, and 12% above control, respectively. Triolein increased flow only after digestion by pancreatic enzymes and mixing with bile. Dipeptides did not alter flow with or without bile. Thus, bile plays an important role in postprandial intestinal hyperemia because it potentiates the glucose-induced hyperemia and because only in its presence can oleic acid, amino acids, caproic acid, and digested triolein increase intestinal blood flow. PMID- 7377306 TI - Effect of deoxycholic acid on colonic motility in the rabbit. AB - The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the bile salt, deoxycholic acid, on colonic myoelectrical and contractile activity recorded from a loop of proximal colon in the anesthetized rabbit. Myoelectrical activity was recorded from bipolar electrodes attached to the serosal surface of the proximal colon. Contractile activity of the circular smooth muscle was measured with a strain gauge attached in the circular direction on the serosal surface of the colonic loop. The colonic slow wave frequency was 12.5 +/- 1.1 cycles/min. The slow wave frequency throughout the loop was homogeneous with a low coefficient of variation of the slow wave frequency (5.8 +/- 0.3). There were spike potentials superimposed on 78.1 +/- 3.4% of the slow waves. The addition of 8 or 16 mM deoxycholic acid did not change the slow wave or spike activity. However, deoxycholic acid stimulated a dose-dependent increase in migrating action potential complexes. These complexes were associated with a forceful contraction of the circular smooth muscle that propelled luminal contents in the direction of the burst. Deoxycholic acid also stimulated an increase in luminal fluid content. PMID- 7377308 TI - Substrate dependency for HCl secretion by isolated piglet gastric mucosa. AB - Gastric mucosa was isolated from newborn piglets and bathed with balanced salt solutions. In the presence of glucose (ca. 0.01 M), this gastric preparation has been shown to be responsive to histamine by relatively prompt and vigorous H+ secretory rates. Secretion is dependent on glucose concentration in the serosal bathing solution, showing saturation kinetics with an apparent Km of about 2 mM glucose. Acetate and pyruvate were about as effective as glucose in sustaining H+ secretory rates. Short-chain fatty acids supported secretory rates that were significantly lower than rates measured with glucose. The order of effectiveness was butyrate greater than valerate greater than hexanoate greater than propionate. The results show absolute dependence of H+ secretion by piglet gastric mucosa on exogenous substrate and the preferential utilization of carbohydrate sources as substrates for secretion. They suggest that it is unlikely for any specialized and essential involvement of fatty acids in the primary H+ secretory mechanism as had been previously proposed. PMID- 7377307 TI - Xylose transport pathways in rabbit ileum. AB - The D-xylose transepithelial transport mechanism was examined in rabbit ileum in vitro. The net flux of D-xylose (Jxylnet) from mucosa to serosa is abolished in the presence of 10(-4) M ouabain. D-Xylose stimulates the net flux of sodium (JNanet) and the short-circuit current (Isc) equally. The D-xylose concentration at which delta Isc reaches half its maximal value is 70 +/- 5 mM. The steady state intracellular D-xylose concentration ([X]c) is lower than the extracellular concentration in all the situations examined. However, [X]c is Na dependent. The unidirectional influx across the luminal membrane (Jxyl m leads to c) decreases by 50% in the absence of Na; the Na-dependent Jxyl m leads to c is entirely inhibited by D-galactose (40 mM). However, in the absence of Na, Jxyl m leads to c is not inhibited by D-galactose, D-fructose, D-mannose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose or phloretin. In the absence of Na, J xyl m leads to c is a linear function of extracellular D-xylose concentrations up to 300 mM. In the presence of 10 mM D glucose, there is a linear relationship between transepithelial D-xylose permeability, and polyethylene glycol (4,000 mol wt) permeability. These results indicate the possible existence of a cellular and a paracellular route for D xylose and related molecules. PMID- 7377309 TI - Electrolyte transport in Necturus gallbladder: the role of rheogenic Na transport. PMID- 7377310 TI - Secretagogue stimulation of [14C]aminopyrine accumulation by isolated canine parietal cells. AB - Isolated canine gastric mucosal cells accumulate [14C]aminopyrine (AP) when treated with histamine, gastrin, and carbachol. In fractions of varying parietal cell content, this accumulation of AP correlated with the parietal cell content. Cimetidine caused parallel displacement of the dose-response curve to histamine, but failed to alter the response to carbachol or gastrin. Atropine caused parallel displacement of the dose-response curve to carbachol, but failed to inhibit the response to histamine or gastrin. The dissociation constants (Kb) for cimetidine inhibition of histamine and for atropine inhibition of carbachol were found to be 1.0 micro M and 1.3 nM, respectively, values comparable to those reported for other tissues. Thus, the isolated parietal cell appears to have pharmacologically typical H2- and muscarinic receptors, with gastrin acting at a third receptor site. Isobutyl methylxanthine (IMX) and the cAMP analogues dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP) and 8-bromo cAMP (but not the same analogues of cGMP) also stimulated AP accumulation. Atropine failed to inhibit the responses to IMX or DBcAMP, whereas cimetidine did inhibit the response to IMX, but not to DBcAMP. PMID- 7377311 TI - Influence of methionine-enkephalin and morphine on myoelectric activity of small bowel. AB - Enkephalins, naturally occurring peptides with powerful opiatelike effects, have recently been detected throughout the tissues of the alimentary tract, but their role is unknown. This study was designed to compare the effects of methionine enkephalin (met-enkephalin) and morphine on the myoelectrical pattern of the small bowel. Five conscious dogs were prepared with electrodes spaced 25 cm apart along the entire small intestine. Spike activity and slow waves were recorded with a Beckman Dynograph. Records were obtained in fasted conditions and following a meat meal or intravenous infusion of caerulein while animals received intravenous infusion of either met-enkephalin or morphine in various doses (range 10-160 microgram/kg . h). Met-enkephalin at a dose of 40 microgram/kg . h caused a significant decrease in spike activity and in the frequency of bursts of the interdigestive myoelectric complexes (IMC), whereas morphine almost doubled the frequency of the IMC. Met-enkephalin in dogs given food or infused with caerulein significantly decreased the fed-type spike activity of the small bowel, whereas morphine did not affect it. The effects of met-enkephalin and morphine on the intestinal myoelectrical pattern can be reversed by naloxone, an opioid antagonist, suggesting that they are mediated by separate opioid receptors. PMID- 7377312 TI - Mechanism of hemodynamic responses to occlusion of the descending thoracic aorta. AB - To examine left ventricular responses to aortic occlusion, changes in end diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) were estimated by ultrasonic recordings of myocardial distances in atropinized open-chest dogs. During aortic occlusion EDV and ESV increased equally, systolic left ventricular pressure (LVP) rose by 86 +/- 8 mmHg, and blood flow more than doubled in the superior vena cava and fell by 90% in the inferior vena cava. During combined occlusion of aorta and inferior vena cava, systolic LVP and superior vena cava flow did not rise above control and EDV declined. By infusing 25 +/- 2 ml/kg body wt of blood during combined occlusion, the effects of aortic occlusion could be reproduced; control values before blood infusion were reestablished by withdrawal of only one-third of the infused volume, indicating a shunt line along the spinal column. Thus during aortic occlusion, transfer of blood accounts for the rise in EDV and increased activation of the Frank-Starling mechanism; increased afterload raises ESV as much as EDV in anesthetized dogs not subjected to sympathetic stimulation. Consequently, stroke volume is maintained and systolic LVP increased. PMID- 7377313 TI - Estimation of the filtration coefficient in intact dog lungs. PMID- 7377314 TI - Desensitization of the cholinergic receptor at the sinoatrial cell of the kitten. AB - The hyperpolarizing effects of long periods of vagal stimulation were studied in kitten sinoatrial node-vagus nerve preparations. Verapamil (2.2 x 10(-6) M) was used to arrest spontaneous pacemaker activity, thus permitting uninterrupted observation of the time course of cholinergically mediated hyperpolarizations. With progressively longer vagal trains the hyperpolarization was not maintained but decreased, rapidly at first, and then more gradually despite continuous vagal stimulation. Similar decay of the cholinergic effect was also observed during continuous iontophoretic application of acetylcholine (ACh) or carbamylcholine (CCh). The results show that, for the most part, the decay of the hyperpolarizing response cannot be due to "fatigue" of nerve terminals, to a gradual reduction in the driving force for K+, or to hydrolysis of ACh by cholinesterase. These experiments demonstrate the development of desensitization of the cholinergic receptor at the sinoatrial cell membrane. The data fit the "cyclic reaction" model proposed by Katz and Thelsleff (J. Physiol. London 138:63-80, 1957) for the neuromuscular junction. PMID- 7377315 TI - Cerebral circulatory and metabolic effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. AB - Two aspects of the action of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) within the cerebral vascular bed have been examined. First, in anesthetized rats, the vasomotor responses of individual pial arterioles on the convexity of cerebral cortex to the perivascular microinjection of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide were examined and, second, in anesthetized baboons, the effects of VIP on cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygen consumption, and the electroencephalogram (EEG) were investigated both prior to and following the osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier. The perivascular microinjection of VIP resulted in statistically significant increase in arteriolar caliber in the concentration range 10(-9) to 10(-6) M. For example, arteriolar caliber was increased by 22 +/- 3% (mean +/- SE) following the injection of VIP (10(-8) M). In the second series, in baboons, the intracarotid infusion of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (10( 11) mol/min) did not affect cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygen consumption, or the EEG under normal circumstances. If the same concentration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was administered following hypertonic opening of the blood brain barrier, cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption were both elevated (by 37 +/- 7% and 28 +/- 10%, respectively), accompanied by increased EEG activity. PMID- 7377316 TI - Permeability of intestinal capillaries to endogenous macromolecules. AB - Steady-state lymphatic and plasma protein concentration (CL and CP) and lymph flows were analyzed in an autoperfused cat ileum preparation at venous outflow pressures of 0, 10, 20, and 30 mmHg. Albumin and nine endogenous protein fractions were analyzed in lymph and plasma by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. The osmotic reflection coefficient (sigma d = 1--CL/CP when CL/CP is no longer influenced by capillary filtration rate. The sigma d values acquired increased as the molecular radius of the protein fraction increased. Permeability-surface area products were estimated for the various protein fractions by applying the acquired data to the Kedem-Katchalsky protein flux equation. A comparison of the permeability-surface area products at various venous pressures suggests a reduction in capillary surface area as venous pressure is increased to 20 and 30 mmHg. The results suggest that intestinal capillaries selectively restrict macromolecules to a greater degree than the continuous type of capillaries of many other organs. PMID- 7377317 TI - Plasma protein concentration and control of coronary vascular resistance in isolated rat heart. AB - Isolated externally paced (300 beats/min) rat hearts were perfused at constant pressure (70 mmHg) using a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution with (n = 52) and without (n = 15) washed bovine red cells. Albumin concentration varied from 1 to 10 g/dl. With increasing albumin concentration in blood-perfused hearts, wet-to dry weight ratio, peak reactive hyperemic flow, and control geometric resistance were decreased, whereas oxygen consumption, control flow, and minimal geometric resistance remained constant. For plasma-perfused hearts, there was a decrease in both control and peak flow, and the other results were similar to the blood perfused hearts. These results indicate the following. 1) Increase in interstitial fluid volume is not sufficient to cause a significant increase in minimal vascular resistance. 2) Increase in blood viscosity is compensated by vasodilation maintaining steady flow constant. 3) Minimal vascular resistance is determined by physical geometry of the vascular bed. 4) Regulation of coronary flow is postulated to be achieved by smooth muscle response to interstitial osmolarity, with a negative feedback signal coming from variation of capillary arterial pressure to variations in flow. PMID- 7377319 TI - Intracellular chloride activity in quiescent cat papillary muscle. AB - Intracellular chloride activity (alpha iCl) was measured in quiescent cat papillary muscles with chloride liquid ion-exchanger microelectrodes. Muscles were superfused in bicarbonate-buffered solutions containing a control concentration of chloride (146.1 mM) and either 2.7, 4.4, or 5.4 mM potassium. The resulting mean membrane potentials were -96.2, -86.8, and -80.6 mV, respectively. In contrast, alpha iCl and the chloride equilibrium potential were unchanged by these alterations in external potassium and remained stable at 11 mM and -60 mV for up to 10 h following removal of the tissue from the animal. This value of alpha iCl is approximately 2-4 times greater than that predicted assuming chloride is passively distributed. The upper limit of intracellular interference was estimated from low external chloride superfusion and found to be no greater than 2-3 mM. Prolonged exposure to bicarbonate-free solutions buffered with N-2-hydroxyethyl piperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) did not reduce the apparent value of alpha iCl, suggesting that intracellular interference from intracellular bicarbonate does not significantly influence the measurement of alpha iCl. These results suggest that chloride can move into cat papillary muscle against an electrochemical gradient. PMID- 7377318 TI - Effect of systole on coronary pressure-flow relations in the right ventricle of the dog. AB - Downey and Kirk's hypothesis that ventricular systole inhibits coronary blood flow by forming vascular waterfalls was examined in conscious chronically instrumented dogs by studying the effect of right ventricular systole on right coronary blood flow. Diastolic and systolic pressure-flow relations were constructed at resting-level flow and peak flow reactive hyperemia from phasic pressure and flow tracings recorded in nine dogs with right ventricular pressures ranging between 14 and 154 mmHg. Linear relations were found between aortic pressure and right coronary flow during diastolic and during systole when peak ventricular pressure was less than systemic. At resting-level flow and when peak ventricular pressure was less than one-half systemic, systole translated the diastolic relation to a higher zero-flow-intercept pressure and did not alter the slope of the relation. We interpret the data as showing that ventricular systole inhibits coronary blood flow by augmenting a vascular waterfall mechanism that exists during diastole. PMID- 7377320 TI - The pericardium and ventricular interaction, distensibility, and function. PMID- 7377321 TI - The septal artery and its collaterals in dogs with and without circumflex occlusion. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to study myocardial perfusion and the collateral circulation of the septal artery in dogs without occlusion and to determine the magnitude and time course of septal collateral development with gradual circumflex occlusion. After the dogs with circumflex occlusion for 1 and 3 mo were allowed to develop a prolific collateral circulation under normal physiological conditions, coronary and collateral resistances were determined on an isolated heart preparation with maximal vasodilation. It was found that the septal artery contributes about 25% to the collateral circulation of the major coronary arteries (right, circumflex, and anterior descending). Septal collateral growth increased up to 15 times with circumflex occlusion. Due to the anatomic location of the septal artery, this collateral growth was intramyocardial in contrast to epicardial collaterals. Although there was collateral proliferation to all major coronary vessels, the most significant growth was toward the circumflex, the ischemic vascular bed. Although primary collateralization in the dog is via epicardial collaterals, the septal artery participates in collateral development. PMID- 7377322 TI - Arterial baroreflex control of heart rate in the conscious rat. AB - Angiotensin II, methoxamine and phenylephrine were evaluated in two tests of reflex responsiveness that involve arterial pressure increases (delta BP) and reflex bradycardia (delta HR). First, bolus injections produced comparable ratios (delta HR/delta BP, in beats . min-1 . mmHg-1) for the three agents: 1.69 +/- 0.31, 1.80 +/- 0.30, and 1.59 +/- 0.32, respectively (SE, n = 6). All three agents also had some undesirable direct chronotropic effects on the heart. Phenylephrine and methoxamine produced rapid and predictable pressure changes and were stable in solution. Blockade by atropine and propranolol was used to show that the bradycardia after bolus injection has an early component (1 s after pressure maximum) that is wholly parasympathetic. In the second test, 5-min infusions of the three agents produced comparable final delta HR/delta BP ratios: 2.0 +/- 0.3, 2.2 +/- 0.5, and 2.3 +/- 0.2 for angiotensin, methoxamine, and phenylephrine, respectively (n = 6). delta HR in this case had a predominant (estimated 67% of total) beta-adrenergic component. Therefore, rapid vagal control of heart rate in the conscious rat is temporary; it is replaced and strengthened in time by a more slowly developing beta-adrenergic component. Bolus injection and infusion of vasopressors can be conveniently used in combination to more fully quantitate heart rate responsiveness in conscious animals that have implanted arterial and venous catheters. PMID- 7377325 TI - Critical closing and critical opening phenomena in the coronary vasculature of the dog. AB - Direct measurements of coronary venous outflow in a right-heart bypass preparation were used to study the critical closing (CC) and critical opening (CO) phenomena in the anesthetized dog heart. Arterial pressure was lowered rapidly by hemorrhage, and CC pressure was the pressure at which coronary flow stopped completely. Shed blood was returned immediately or after 3 min of ischemia. The pressure at which coronary flow resumed (CO pressure) was measured. Coronary flow stopped at a mean aortic pressure of 14.3 mmHg. Vasodilator drugs and ischemic lowered CC pressure to 10.5 and 10.2 mmHg, respectively. Aortic pressure of 47.3 mmHg was needed to resume coronary flow following perfusion arrest. A brief period of ischemia did not significantly change the CO pressure. These results confirm the presence of CC phenomenon in dog heart and show that CC pressure can be altered by ischemia or vasodilators. It is suggested that the high value of CO pressure may be responsible for myocardial injury associated with ischemic cardiac arrest during open-heart surgery. PMID- 7377324 TI - Evaluation of long-term chemical sympathectomy in adult rabbits. AB - Administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) will produce long-term sympathectomy in newborn animals. This investigation was designed to determine whether or not a long-term sympathectomy can be achieved by repeated administration of 6-OHDA in adult rabbits. Chronic treatment with 6-OHDA lowered blood pressure on average of 9 mmHg; the carotid sinus reflex was depressed, in contrast to the pressure response to intravenously administered epinephrine, which was doubled. In a constant-flow hindlimb preparation, the response to norepinephrine (NE) in 6-OHDA treated rats was 50% larger and lasted 3 times longer. NE uptake in vitro, which is proportional to the number of adrenergic nerve endings, was found to be diminished by 80-85% in aortas from 6-OHDA-treated animals, and the dose-response curve for NE was slightly shifted to the left. The number of ganglionic cells in the superior cervical ganglia in treated animals was decreased by 80%. In conclusion, results from 6-OHDA-treated adult animals were entirely consistent with the effects of long-term sympathectomy. PMID- 7377323 TI - Indices of sympathetic activity in the sinoaortic-denervated hypertensive rat. AB - Blood pressure and circulating levels of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (Epi), and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) were measured sequentially in sinoaortic denervated (SAD) Wistar rats and in sham-operated (SO) rats. Systolic tail pressure, plasma NE and E, and plasma DBH all increased significantly within 2 days in SAD rats. In separate studies of rats with indwelling arterial catheters, arterial pressure and plasma NE and DBH were increased in SAD rats in home cages; restraint caused similar increases of pressure and catecholamines in both groups. Systolic pressure remained increased up to 4 mo and plasma DBH for 10 wk in SAD rats; plasma NE and E, however, declined by 3 wk and thereafter remained close to values of SO rats. Additionally, DBH was increased in heart, mesenteric blood vessels and adrenal glands of SAD rats up to 6 wk; tissue monoamine oxidase activity was also increased up to 4 mo. These findings suggest that activation of the sympathetic nervous system initiates and probably sustains hypertension in SAD rats up to 6 wk after operation; thereafter some other mechanism(s) sustains the hypertension. PMID- 7377326 TI - Anesthetic effects on hemodynamics of spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. AB - We studied the effects of three anesthetic agents on the central hemodynamics of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats instrumented with chronic electromagnetic flow probes and arterial pressure catheters. Cardiovascular alterations due to ether, pentobarbital sodium (PBS; 50 mg/kg), and a 2% chloralose-7.5% urethan mixture (CU; 6 ml/kg) were determined. Ether produced significant elevations in heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV), and peak aortic flow velocity (PAFV) in SHRs (P less than 0.01) and elevations of HR and CI in WKYs (P less than 0.05). Ether reduced total peripheral resistance (TPR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in WKYs and SHRs (P less than 0.01). PBS decreased HR, CI, SV, MAP, PAFV, and minute work (MW) in both WKYs and SHRs (P less than 0.05--P less than 0.001). PBS also lowered TPR in WKYs (P less than 0.05). CU produced effects similar to those of PBS, but did not alter HR or TPR. Central hemodynamics are therefore significantly altered by these anesthetics when compared to those of conscious rats. These agents also have differential effects on the hemodynamics of SHRs and WKYs. PMID- 7377327 TI - Effects of hematocrit variations on regional hemodynamics and oxygen transport in the dog. AB - The responses of alterations in regional hemodynamics and oxygen transport rate to hematocrit (Hct) were studied in 20 pentobarbitalized dogs. Hemodilution was carried out by isovolemic exchange with plasma in 12 dogs and the hemoconcentration with packed cells in 8 dogs. The cardiac output and regional blood flows were determined with the microsphere technique. In hemodilution, the increases of blood flow to the myocardium and the brain were out of proportion to the increase of cardiac output; the oxygen supply to the myocardium remained unchanged while that to the brain decreased only slightly. In hemoconcentration, vasodilation occurred in the myocardium and the brain to maintain constant oxygen supply. Splenic vessels had marked vasoconstriction with Hct alteration in either direction. Blood vessels in the liver, intestine, and kidney responded with a milder vasoconstriction and maintained a constant oxygen supply between Hct of 30 55%. Therefore, during Hct alteration, redistribution of blood flow to myocardium and brain occurred. The optimal Hct range for constant oxygen supply was different among various organs. PMID- 7377328 TI - Blood flow rate and cellular influx of glucose and arginine in mouse liver in vivo. PMID- 7377330 TI - Nonmetabolically coupled coronary vasodilatation during inosine infusion in dogs. AB - Left ventricular contractile force (LVCF), dP/dt, arteriovenous oxygen difference [(a-v)O2], circumflex blood flow (CBF), and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVo2) were determined in dogs during intravenous infusion of inosine at various rates. LCVF and maximal dP/dt increased progressively with increasing infusion rates. CBF increased by 100% at the highest infusion rate, but (a-v)O2 was reduced by 30%. At each infusion rate the increase in MVo2 was only 40% the increase in CBF (P less than 0.05), indicating a nonmetabolically coupled vasodilatation. To further demonstrate this action, the effects of isoproterenol on CBF and (a-v)O2 were compared with those of inosine. During isoproterenol infusion, the increase in CB paralleled the increase in MVo2, and (a-v)O2 showed no change. Intracoronary infusion experiments showed that a 100% increase in flow was caused by an arterial inosine level of about 150 micro M. At inosine levels over 400 micro M, the increase in flow was equal to the maximal increase seen with adenosine infusion. PMID- 7377329 TI - Volumetric properties of intracellular compartments in canine cardiac Purkinje cells. AB - Volumetric properties of canine cardiac Purkinje fibers were examined. Purkinje cells were superfused with anisosmolar solutions, and changes in extracellular space and relative cell volume were determined. The relationship between cellular volume and the osmolarity of the bathing medium was shown to be linear except in solutions of very low osmolarity. A linear regression line crossed the volume axis at 38%, suggesting an osmometric dead space of 38% and correspondingly an osmometric compartment comprising about 62% of the cell interior. To determine the volumetric properties of the "electrophysiological compartment," Purkinje cells were impaled with voltage-sensitive microelectrodes, and cellular resting potentials were recorded. When log K was plotted against resting potential (Em) in preparations bathed in normal and hyperosmotic solutions, it was shown that Em was increased in hyperosmotic solutions (13.5 and 21 mV in 600 and 850 mosM solutions, respectively). Calculations using the Nernst equation showed that the compartment containing the intracellular K involved in membrane electrical events behaves as a near-perfect osmometer in hyperosmotic solutions. Changes in the osmometric compartment were well correlated with K changes in the electrophysiological compartment, thus suggesting that the K is homogeneously distributed intracellularly. PMID- 7377331 TI - Dissociation of myocardial sodium and potassium alterations in mild versus severe ischemia. AB - To determine the relative influence of two levels of ischemia on myocardial cation and water composition as well as cardiac function, intact anesthetized dogs were studied for 1 h using a balloon-tip catheter in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. Hemodynamic studies in group A revealed a diminished ejection fraction during mild and severe ischemia associated, respectively, with a 36% and 74% decline in transmural coronary flow. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure rose only after severe ischemia. Greater accumulation of sodium and water and loss of K+ in ischemic tissue was observed in animals with severe ischemia. In group B, intracellular cations and water were estimated on the basis of 51Cr-labeled EDTA distribution. The extracellular space was unaltered at either level of ischemia. During mild ischemia, cell Na+ and H2O were enhanced in the inner and outer layers of myocardium. Despite a 25% reduction in subendocardial blood flow by the labeled microsphere technique, K+ content was normal. After severe ischemia, cell K+ was reduced in inner and outer layers. However, the increase of cell Na+ content substantially exceeded K+, suggesting a major effect on the sodium pump or cell permeability. PMID- 7377332 TI - Coronary occlusion and reperfusion: effects on subendocardial cardiac fibers. AB - Coronary flow and transmembrane potentials of Purkinje and muscle fibers in reperfused infarcts and infarcts caused by permanent coronary occlusion were compared. Purkinje fibers in permanently occluded infarcts at 24 h had markedly reduced resting potentials. Action potential amplitudes, and Vmax were reduced and duration markedly prolonged. In reperfused infarcts, changes in Purkinje fiber transmembrane potentials were not as marked. Action potential duration in 3 day-old permanently occluded infarcts were longer than at 24 h, but in reperfused infarcts durations had returned to normal. Premature impulses conducted more rapidly in the reperfused infarct Purkinje system than in the permanently occluded. Other transmembrane potential parameters of Purkinje fibers in 3-day old and 9- to 10-day-old reperfused and permanently occluded infarcts were not significantly different from each other. The ventricular muscle cells that survived in reperfused infarcts at all times also had reduced resting potentials and action potentials with decreased amplitudes, reduced Vmax, and prolonged durations. Almost no muscle cells survived in permanently occluded infarcts. Therefore, reperfusion salvages subendocardial fibers and prevents some but not all of the electrophysiological abnormalities. PMID- 7377333 TI - Sympathetic regulation of the cerebral circulation by the carotid chemoreceptor reflex. AB - The effects of carotid chemoreceptor reflex stimulation (intracarotid injection of nicotine 0.2 microgram/kg) were examined in conscious dogs on the cerebral circulation, using the radioactive microsphere technique to measure cerebral blood flow. In intact dogs (n = 18) with ventilation controlled, carotid chemoreceptor reflex stimulation increased (P less than 0.01) mean arterial pressure by 36 +/- 5% (SE) and calculated cerebral vascular resistance by 58 +/- 13%, whereas cerebral blood flow fell by 7 +/- 6% (NS). After bilateral cervical sympathectomy (n = 9), carotid chemoreceptor reflex stimulation induced significantly different (P less than 0.01) effects on cerebral blood flow, which rose by 42 +/- 8%, and cerebral vascular resistance, which did not change. To determine whether the difference in effect was due to the sympathectomy or merely to the repetition of the stimulus, another group of dogs (sham; n = 6) that had intact sympathetic nerves were studied a second time. In "sham" dogs, the repeat response to carotid chemoreceptor stimulation also induced significantly different effects from those in dogs with sympathectomy. After general anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital, or after section of the ipsilateral carotid sinus nerve, carotid chemoreceptor stimulation with nicotine, 0.2 microgram/kg, failed to induce a detectable hemodynamic effect. Thus, in the conscious dog, stimulation of the carotid chemoreceptor reflex elicits significant sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in cerebral vessels. PMID- 7377334 TI - Chronic arterial and venous access in the unrestrained rat. AB - A system is described for chronic cannulation of the thoracic aorta and superior vena cava in the rat. This system employs a protective stainless steel coiled spring and water tight swivel and allows chronic infusion of solutions and simultaneous intermittent blood sampling for prolonged periods of time in the undisturbed unanesthetized rat. The rats (200-250 g) lost approximately 25 g in the immediate postoperative period, but then gained weight at a relatively normal rate (cannulated rats, 2.23 g/day; control rats, 2.29 g/day). PMID- 7377335 TI - Improved phonocardiogram system based on acoustic impedance matching. AB - We considered that phonocardiographic recording could be improved 1) by minimizing the acoustic impedance mismatch between the precordial tissue and transducer, 2) by optimizing the configuration of the impedance-matching medium and transducer design, and 3) by storing signals in digital form through analog to-digital conversion of analog recordings made at the bedside. The use of an aqueous coupling medium to improve energy transmission increased signal voltage approximately 100-fold over presently used commercial devices. Further match to the crystal was achieved by a concentrating horn configuration for the aqueous medium. Measured frequency response of the device in the range 1 Hz to 1 kHz was better than two other commercially tested microphones. Inspection of comparative phonocardiograms showed more information from the new device than from the two other commercial devices. Unfiltered digitized signals, using our microphone in normal subjects, demonstrated good beat-to-beat repeatability, but analog filtering to obtain the conventional phonocardiogram showed significant loss of information. The new instrument appears to be superior to those commercial devices tested in recording heart sounds. PMID- 7377336 TI - Chloride distribution and exchange in rat ventricle. AB - The cellular Cl content and concentration ([Cl]cell) and the cellular uptake of 36Cl have been measured in the rat left ventricle in vivo. The in vitro efflux of 36Cl from perfused contracting ventricles preequilibrated with 36Cl in vivo was also determined at 22, 30, and 38 degrees C. [Cl]cell was 8.2 +/- 0.5 mmol/kg cell water, corresponding to a calculated equilibrium potential of Cl of -70 to 80 mV. This figure for [Cl]cell is significantly lower than previous estimates in the literature, which were subject to an analytical error leading to overestimation of muscle Cl content obtained coulometrically. At 38 degrees C, Cl exchange under quasi-steady-state conditions was 31.2 mumol . (g dry ventricle . min)-1 or 42.5 pmol . (cm2 plasma membrane . s).-1 Apparent activation energy of the flux was 10.4 kcal/mol. At 22 degrees C, no dependence of the exchange on contraction frequency was detectable over a range of 80-160 contractions/min. The Cl exchange flux is among the fastest, if not the fastest. known for myocardial ion transport. PMID- 7377337 TI - Regulation of Na+-dependent sugar transport in intestinal epithelial cells by exogenous ATP. AB - Exogenous ATP (1 mM) exerts a dramatic biphasic effect on the accumulation of 100 micro M 3-O-methylglucose by isolated intestinal epithelial cells. The initial effect ensues approximately 15 s after exposure and inhibits 80% of the undirectional sugar influx. Cellular phosphatases totally degrade the added ATP within a period of 20 min leading to a reactivation of transport capability. The cells exposed to ATP ultimately establish a concentration gradient of sugar about twice that observed for control cells. Pyrophosphate (10 mM) delays the degradation of added ATP and prolongs the interval of transport inhibition. The late effect of gradient enhancement is still observed. No other nucleoside triphosphate induces the early inhibition of transport, but ADP is approximately two-thirds as effective as ATP. AMP and other molecules containing the adenine ring system can cause the late effect of gradient enhancement without causing an early transport inhibition. Because rotenone-treated ATP-depleted cells also show an ATP-induced inhibition of sugar influx, it seems likely that the early effect represents a direct modification of carrier capability rather than an effect mediated via an alteration of cellular energetics. PMID- 7377338 TI - Interactions of cell volume, membrane potential, and membrane transport parameters. AB - Equations have been written and solved that describe for animal cells the relationships among membrane transport, cell volume, membrane potential, and distribution of permeant solute. The essential system consists of n + 2 equations, where n is the number of permeant solute species. The n of the equations are the n transport equations for the permeant species, one for each species. The other two equations are statements of 1) the condition for bulk electroneutrality inside the cell and 2) the condition for isotonicity between the interior and exterior of the cell. Numerical solutions have been obtained in both the steady-state and time-varying cases for transport equations that are physically and phenomenologically reasonable. In addition to numerical solutions analytic expressions are presented that show the ranges of membrane parameters essential for volume regulation; for values of membrane parameters beyond explicitly defined bounds, the equations do not have real, positive solutions for cell volume. PMID- 7377339 TI - Carnitine metabolism in normal-weight and obese human subjects during fasting. AB - Carnitine metabolism was studied in normal-weight and obese subjects by measurement of carnitine and its acyl derivatives in plasma and urine. When first fed an isocaloric, low-carnitine diet, both groups showed a decrease in plasma total carnitine, primarily due to a decrease in the free carnitine fraction. Urinary free carnitine excretion also fell significantly. When fasting was instituted, plasma total carnitine concentration increased. This was the net result of a rapid increase in short-chain and long-chain acylcarnitine and a delayed decrease in free carnitine. Urinary excretion of short-chain acylcarnitines increased parallel to rising plasma concentrations, whereas free carnitine excretion first decreased and then tended to increase slightly. Both plasma and urinary short-chain acylcarnitine correlated with beta hydroxybutyrate. All of these changes were reversed by refeeding, in the obese even with a low-carnitine hypocaloric intake. Obese subjects also developed hyperketonemia significantly more slowly than did normal-weight subjects, yet demonstrated substantially the same changes in magnitude and direction in carnitine and its metabolites. PMID- 7377340 TI - Thyroidal response to peroral TSH in suckling and weaned rats. AB - The biological activity of perorally administered bovine thyroid-stimulating hormone (bTSH) was investigated in suckling (14-day-old) and weaned (30-day-old) rats. Animals were treated with water or bTSH given either by subcutaneous injection or by the oral route. Both suckling and weaned animals responded to subcutaneous administration of bTSH by an increase in serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations. Bovine TSH administered orally to weaned animals had no effect on thyroid hormone levels. In contrast, suckling pups responded to perorally administered bTSH with increases of T4 and T3 levels comparable to those achieved in animals that received bTSH subcutaneously. The characteristics of the gastric secretion and intestinal epithelium of the weaned animal, therefore, appear to play a role in preventing absorption of a polypeptide hormone. However, protein hormones contained in maternal milk can be transferred to the suckling in which their full biological functions can be expressed. PMID- 7377341 TI - Regulation of protein synthesis and degradation during in vitro cardiac work. AB - Cardiac work increased protein synthesis in hearts supplied glucose (mixture 1), glucose-insulin-glucagon-lactate-beta-hydroxybutyrate (mixture 2) or palmitate beta-hydroxybutyrate-glucose (mixture 3). In hearts provided mixture 1, acceleration of synthesis involved increased rates of peptide chain initiation. In these hearts intracellular concentrations of 5 amino acids decreased and 13 others were unchanged, indicating that faster protein synthesis did not depend on increased amino acid availability. In hearts supplied mixtures 2, 3, or 4 (lactate-glucose-insulin), intracellular concentrations of branched-chain amino acids were decreased by work, whereas intracellular levels of some acidic and neutral amino acids increased. Protein degradation was decreased by work in hearts supplied mixtures 1 and 2, but not mixtures 3 and 4. In hearts provided mixture 1, nitrogen balance was negative, but less so in working preparations. Nitrogen balance was zero or positive in working hearts provided mixtures 2 and 4. These studies indicated that in hearts supplied some, but not all, of the substrate mixtures, cardiac work maintained efficiently of protein synthesis and inhibited protein degradation. An improved method for perfusion of working hearts with albumin-containing buffer is described. PMID- 7377343 TI - Production of alanine and glutamine by atrial muscle from fed and fasted rats. AB - During incubation in vitro, rat atrial and rabbit papillary muscles synthesized and released large amounts of alanine and even higher amounts of glutamine. The amino groups used in the synthesis of alanine and glutamine appeared to be derived from the catabolism of other amino acids, specifically, leucine, isoleucine, valine, aspartate, glutamate, asparagine, arginine, and proline. The total amount of glutamine and alanine synthesized increased by 45% in atrial muscle from fasted rats, in which the oxidation of branched-chain amino acids is enhanced. In atria from fed rats, addition of leucine stimulated by about 20% the production of both alanine and glutamine, probably by providing additional amino groups for transamination with alpha-ketoglutarate. However, in cardiac muscle from fasted rats and rabbits, leucine increased the production of glutamine, but not of alanine. Isoleucine and valine, by contrast, enhanced production of both alanine and glutamine in these tissues. In the presence of leucine, low levels of pyruvate seem to limit the production of alanine, apparently because leucine, unlike isoleucine or valine, promotes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. PMID- 7377342 TI - Metabolic effects of L-phenyllactate in perfused kidney, liver, and muscle. AB - L-Phenyllactate (L-PL) can promote growth of normal and germ-free rats eating a phenylalanine (Phe)-free diet, but the sites and pathway of its conversion to Phe have not been extensively studied. We perfused rat kidneys, livers, and hindquarters with L-PL and measured Phe release and effects on organ function. Renal release of Phe the during perfusion with L-PL was 3.0 times control (P less than 0.001) and increased 2.5-fold with addition of glutamine (P less than 0.001); with phenylpyruvate (PP), it was 3.5 times control (P less than 0.001). Sixty-four percent of L-PL disappearance could be accounted for by appearance of PP and Phe. Although renal gluconeogenesis from lactate was inhibited 28% by L PL, neither glomerular filtration rate (0.44 ml . min-1 . g wet weight-1) nor sodium reabsorption (94.3%) were impaired. There was no net release of Phe or PP by rat livers or hindquarters perfused with L-PL and hepatic gluconeogenesis, urea synthesis, and potassium balance were unaffecte by L-PL. Thus, the kidney, but not skeletal muscle or liver, converts L-PL to Phe, presumably by the pathway L-PL leads to PP leads to Phe. In acute experiments with isolated organs, L-PL does not cause significant renal or hepatic dysfunction. PMID- 7377344 TI - Essential fatty acid deficiency and plasma triglyceride turnover in rats. AB - Hepatic triglyceride secretion in essential fatty acid-deficient rats was examined by three separate techniques in an effort to resolve conflicting evidence on the question of whether essential fatty acid deficiency altered hepatic triglyceride secretion in vivo. First, plasma triglyceride turnover was measured by intravenous injection of [2-3H]glycerol trioleate. Equations of the kinetics were formulated based on a single, open pool model. Turnover rates and pool sizes of plasma triglyceride were calculated from these equations. Second, [2-3H]glycerol was injected, and apparent rate constants for plasma triglyceride secretion and clearance were calculated by kinetic analysis. Third, Triton WR 1339 was used to inhibit lipoprotein clearance from blood plasma, and rates of plasma triglyceride accumulation were measured. The results of these studies showed that the rate of hepatic triglyceride secretion was 2-3 times greater in essential fatty acid-deficient rats than in nondeficient controls. The increase in triglyceride secretion, as well as the higher level of liver triglyceride typical of essential fatty acid-deficient rats, could be caused by increased lipogenesis and increased mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissues. PMID- 7377345 TI - Effect of catecholamines on fluid reabsorption by the isolated proximal convoluted tubule. AB - The effect of L-norepinephrine and isoproterenol on fluid transport was studied in superficial convoluted segments and straight portions of the rabbit proximal tubule (PCT and PR, respectively) by the technique of microperfusion in vitro. In PCT, L-norepinephrine (10(-6) M) added to the bath stimulated reversibly fluid reabsorption (Jv) by about 67%. In the presence of propranolol (10(-4) M) in the bath, L-norepinephrine caused a small (about 19%) but significant decrease of Jv. Phentolamine and isoproterenol added simultaneously to the bath also increased fluid reabsorption, an effect that was abolished by propranolol. Norepinephrine had no effect on Jv when added to the perfusate in PCT. No change of Jv was observed after addition of norepinephrine to the bath in PR. The effects on fluid reabsorption rate observed in PCT are consistent with a physiologic role of the sympathetic nervous system in the modulation of PCT fluid transport. PMID- 7377346 TI - Dynamics of ascites formation in rats with experimental cirrhosis. AB - Renal function, sodium balance, and ascites formation were observed during induction in rats of experimental cirrhosis. The same variables were studied after partial removal of the ascites in rats with experimental cirrhosis. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (RPF) did not change during hepatic cirrhosis development. Positive sodium balance significantly higher than that observed in controls preceded the appearance of ascites for a period of about 2 wk. When the ascites was removed, GFR, RPF and positive Na balance did not change if Na intake remained constant. Ascites reformation rate was largely dependent on sodium balance. These data strongly support the "overflow" theory of ascites formation and are difficult to reconcile with the classical "underfilling" theory. PMID- 7377347 TI - Phosphate transport by isolated rabbit cortical collecting tubule. AB - Renal handling of phosphate occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule. Absorption of this anion also occurs in the pars recta and distal convoluted tubule, the latter a structurally and functionally diverse segment. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine phosphate transport by the cortical collecting duct of the rabbit. Segments of cortical collecting tubule, beyond the last cortical branch, were isolated and perfused in vitro with an artificial solution simulating plasma as the perfusing and bathing medium. The perfusion solution contained either 3 or 25 mM bicarbonate. Net phosphate transport was measured using 32P as the radionuclide tracer, with identical specific activity in perfusing and bathing solutions. A net absorptive flux for phosphate was demonstrated, amounting to 2-3% of the delivered load. In addition, this absorptive flux was linearly related to perfusion rate and, thus, delivered load, but independent of the lumen bicarbonate concentration or pH. PMID- 7377348 TI - Effect of furosemide on thoracic duct lymph flow in the dog. AB - Furosemide 20 mg/kg was given intravenously to 12 anesthetized dogs with clamped renal pedicles. Thoracic duct lymph flow (TDLF) increased promptly by 38% (P less than 0.05), an increment that lasted 80 min. Because in 6 of 12 dogs there was a transient increase in splanchnic blood flow, in separate groups splanchnic blood flow was either markedly constricted or markedly increased by intravenous isoproterenol. Thoracic duct lymph flow increased by 95 and 90%, respectively, following furosemid despite no further change in splanchnic blood flow. Furosemide had no effect on blood pressure, lymph protein, or plasma sodium. In four chronic caval dogs, TDLF was increased by 400%, yet furosemide produced a further increment in lymph flow of 30% (P less than 0.05). Infusion of a 25% albumin solution to contract the interstitial fluid did not abolish the furosemide effect, but a 10% mannitol solution did. Furosemide increased TDLF even after the infusion of papaverine reduced blood pressure to 60 mmHg. We conclude that furosemide increases TDLF by acting directly on splanchnic capillaries to allow increased filtration of fluid in the absence of increased splanchnic blood flow or capillary hydrostatic pressure. PMID- 7377349 TI - Urine HCO3- augments renal Ca2+ absorption independent of systemic acid-base changes. PMID- 7377350 TI - Relation of Na+ reabsorption to utilization of O2 and lactate in the perfused rat kidney. AB - When the ratio delta TNa+/delta QO2 is used to estimate the energy requirements for net Na+ reabsorption (TNa+), it is assumed that the entire change in renal O2 uptake (delta QO2) is utilized only for the delta TNa+. However, if increases in renal synthetic work also occur when TNa+ is increased, the energy cost for TNa+ will be overestimated. We perfused the substrate-limited isolated rat kidney at 38 degrees C, pH 7.4, a mean arterial pressure of 120 mmHg, and mean lactate concentrations between 0 and 8.3 mM. We measured QO2, TNa+, net reabsorption of lactate (Tlac), net utilization of lactate (Qlac), lactate decarboxylation rate (Qlacox), as well as the net entry rate of lactate into biosynthetic pathways (Qxslac). When no exogenous substrate was present (rates are means, g wet wt-1 . min-1) GFR was 351 +/- 38 microliter, %TNa+ was 54 +/- 2%, and QO2 was 2.85 +/- 0.31 mumol; there was also a loss of about 20% of renal tissue K+ content. When mean [lactate] greater than or equal to 0.73 mM, the loss of tissue K+ was completely prevented and %TNa+ increased to and remained at about 85%. At mean [lactate] of 8.3 mM, Tlac was 5.1 +/- 0.6 mumol, QO2 was 6.12 +/- 1.24 mumol, and GFR was 709 +/- 83 microliter. Qlac, delta Qlacox and delta TNa+ increased in parallel with each other and approaches maximal rates as [lactate] was raised. By contrast, Tlac increased as a linear function of perfusate [lactate] and was not related to changes in Qlac. The molar increases in TNa+ were 10- to 20-fold greater than the increases in Tlac. It is more probable, therefore, that lactate enhances TNa+ by providing energy from its oxidation rather than by a co transport phenomenon. At all concentrations of lactate, more lactate was utilized (Km = 1.2 mM; Vmax = 3.4) than was decarboxylated (Km = 1.6 mM; Vmax = 1.7), indicating that as lactate concentration increased, both the synthesis of new products from lactate and Na+ reabsorption increased. We conclude that the ratio delta TNa+/delta QO2, overestimates the energy cost of Na+ reabsorption. In order to obtain an accurate estimate of the energy requirements for TNa+ in kidney, the simultaneous changes in the rate of net biosynthetic work must also be quantified as TNa+ is changed. PMID- 7377352 TI - Effects of luminal contents on jejunal fatty acid esterification in the rat. PMID- 7377351 TI - Glomerular adaptations to chronic dietary salt restriction or excess. AB - Micropuncture studies were performed in 33 Munich-Wistar rats maintained chronically either on dietary NaCl restriction (group 1) or excess (group 2). Values for single nephron (SN) and total kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were identical in both groups. Nevertheless, because of preferential efferent vasoconstriction, glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure (PGC) was higher in group 1, offsetting the lower initial glomerular plasma flow rate (QA) also found in group 1. The pressor response to infusion of exogenous angiotensin II (AII) was less in group 1 than in group 2, suggesting that vascular receptors for AII may have been occupied by endogenous hormone, the latter leading to the efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction. In addition to AII, prostaglandins also appear to be involved in the adaptations of the glomerular microcirculation to chronic variations in salt intake. In group 1, indomethacin or meclofenamate infusion mimicked exogenous AII, causing declines in QA and SNGFR. These changes were lacking in group 2. Because of relative contraction of plasma volume, the vasodilatory effects of prostaglandins appear to be needed in low salt animals to sustain SNGFR and QA. In the high salt group, however, since plasma volume is not contracted, maintenance of SNGFR and QA appears to be less critically dependent on endogenous prostaglandins. PMID- 7377354 TI - Effect of glucagon on gastrointestinal blood flow of dogs in hypovolemic shock. AB - A microsphere technique was used to study the effect of glucagon on blood flow to the different tissue layers of the stomach, small bowel, and colon of the dog in hypovolemic shock. In normal dogs, glucagon caused a twofold rise in flow to all layers of the stomach and colon, and a threefold increase to all layers of the small bowel. After administration of glucagon, a larger fraction of cardiac output was diverted to the gut microcirculation. In acute hypovolemic shock, intestinal perfusion was preserved relative to cardiac output inasmuch as cardiac output and gastric blood flow fell 75% and flow to the small bowel and colon fell by only about 50%. Glucagon markedly increased the fraction of cardiac output passing to the gut circulation in hypovolemic shock and, most importantly, sustained flow to the areas most prone to ischemic necrosis; gastric mucosa, colonic mucosa, and small intestinal villi. In more prolonged shock, however, glucagon precipitated fatal cardiovascular collapse unless part of the lost blood volume first was replaced. Glucagon, therefore, should not be used in patients in hypovolemic shock without prior replacement of at least part of the lost blood volume. PMID- 7377353 TI - Transport of glucose and leucine by intestinal membrane vesicles in genetic diabetes. AB - Na+-dependent D-glucose and L-leucine uptakes by isolated small intestinal brush border membrane vesicles were studied in normal and genetically diabetic mice (C57BL/KsJ-dbm). Vesicles from normal mice demonstrated transport characteristics and morphological appearances identical to those from other mammalian small intestinal brush-border membrane isolates. There was no difference found between genetically diabetic mice and their littermate controls. These data suggest that the small intestinal brush-border membrane transport is not altered in genetic diabetes in contrast to that found in drug-induced diabetes. PMID- 7377355 TI - Inhibition of pancreatic alpha-aminoisobutyric acid uptake by cholecystokinin and other secretagogues. AB - The uptake of the non-metabolizable amino acid, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), by isolated mouse pancreatic acini was studied. AIB was concentrated in acinar cell water by an Na+-dependent mechanism. The protein hormone secretagogues caerulein, cholecystokinin, and gastrin and the cholinergic agent carbachol inhibited AIB uptake by greater than 50% of control. The effect of secretagogues on AIB uptake was maximal at hormone concentrations that are slightly higher than those that are maximal for amylase release, but comparable to those concentrations that maximally increase glucose transport by acini. This inhibition of AIB uptake was mediated by both inhibition of AIB influx and stimulation of AIB efflux. In the presence of Ca2+, the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 mimicked the effect of caerulein on AIB uptake. In the absence of Ca2+, control AIB uptake was markedly decreased and both caerulein and A23187 had no further effects. It was concluded, therefore, that secretagogues known to induce enzyme release by an effect on cellular Ca2+ also decrease AIB uptake and that this effect on uptake is most likely mediated by Ca2+. PMID- 7377356 TI - Triton-induced hyperlipidemia: a model for studies of intestinal lipoprotein production. AB - To estimate intestinal very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) contribution to the circulating plasma triglyceride (TG) pool, mesenteric, hepatic, and total TG production rates were measured in mesenteric lymph-cannulated male rats after Triton WR-1339 blockage of systemic VLDL metabolism. The intestinal contribution (4.92 +/- 0.5 mg TG/h) was calculated to be 19% of total TG production rate. Triton WR-1339 administration caused profound hyperlipoproteinemia but did not alter total lymph TG or VLDL apoprotein output. The percent of lymph VLDL apoprotein present as apo A-I and apo A-IV fell dramatically after Triton with a concomitant increase in apo E and apo C peptides. Studies in this Triton-treated rat model suggest that the intestinal contribution to systemic TG formation is small but that changes in circulating apolipoproteins may alter the composition of intestinal VLDL. PMID- 7377357 TI - Asymmetry of the contractile response of the rabbit ear artery to exogenous amines. PMID- 7377358 TI - Systolic and diastolic pressure gradients within the left ventricular wall. PMID- 7377359 TI - Indomethacin-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in the conscious newborn lamb. AB - The pulmonary vascular effects of indomethacin were studied in chronically instrumented conscious newborn lambs, 2-12 wk old. Flows were measured in right and left pulmonary arteries; indomethacin was injected into only one lung; and constriction or dilation was assessed from the proportion of pulmonary flow directed to the injected vs. the noninjected lung. Indomethacin was a pulmonary vasoconstrictor in all animals, its threshold dose being 0.01 mg/kg. The constriction after a dose of 0.1 mg/kg was associated with plasma indomethacin levels sufficient to inhibit prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. However, chronic indomethacin therapy (3 mg/kg per day orally) for 3 days, though resulting in similar plasma indomethacin levels, altered neither base-line pulmonary tone nor the pulmonary vascular responses to hypoxia, acetylcholine, bradykinin, or histamine. Pretreatment with indomethacin did abolish the pulmonary effects of a further intravenous dose of the drug. Our results indicate that production of a pulmonary PG may help to maintain normal vessel relaxation. However, the neonatal lung adapts to chronic inhibition of PG synthesis, maintaining normal vascular tone and homeostasis. Pulmonary PGs may play a role in, but are not essential for, normal neonatal pulmonary vascular control. PMID- 7377362 TI - Indirect mean arterial pressure in the anesthetized dog. AB - Using the oscillometric method, indirect mean arterial pressure was measured in 14 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs (8-24 kg) with mean arterial pressure ranging from 23 to 160 mmHg. The effect of cuff size, in relation to forelimb circumference was investigated. Indirect mean arterial pressure agreed with direct mean arterial pressure when the cuff width was about 40% of the forelimb circumference. PMID- 7377363 TI - Effect of body hypothermia on transventricular simple-capacitor-discharge defibrillation thresholds. AB - In 260 successful transventricular simple capacitor-discharge defibrillations performed on 20 mongrel dogs under conditions of body hypothermia, an overall average peak current threshold of 69.5 mA/g of heart (SD 30.4) was found. This value, when compared by means of the unpaired t test with previous data obtained under conditions of relative normothermia (89.5 mA/g of heart, SD 32.8, 346 defibrillations, 20 dogs) yielded a highly significant difference (P less than 0.1%). When comparing the deviation of the regression equation (current vs. temperature) from the horizontal line, the Snedecor F test gave also a high level of significance (P less than 1%). These results led to the conclusion that body hypothermia significantly reduces transventricular defibrillation thresholds. After normalizing the regression equations, this reduction was found to be on the average equal to 4.1%/degrees C (SD 1.4) for current and to 5.9%/degrees C (SD 1.4) for energy over the 20 dogs. In all animals, the coefficient of variation was greater for energy than for current (about twice as much), suggesting that current is a better descriptor of what is needed for electrical defibrillation. The transventricular impedance was rather constant, yielding an overall average of 28.5 omega (SD 6.0). PMID- 7377361 TI - Effects of hypoxemia and decreasing umbilical flow liver and ductus venosus blood flows in fetal lambs. PMID- 7377360 TI - Dynamics of fluid distribution between the blood and interstitium during overhydration. AB - The dynamics fluid volume distribution between the blood and interstitium was studied in 24 anephric conscious dogs by making serial measurements of blood volume, sodium space, and plasma proteins during several different states of hydration. After recovery from splenectomy and unilateral nephrectomy, the remaining kidney was removed, and intravenous infusion of lactated Ringer solution equivalent to 5%, 10%, or 20% of the body weight followed the next day. Blood volume and sodium space were elevated in each infusion group for the entire 25-h postinfusion period of measurements, while total amount of circulating proteins increased in the 10% group and decreased in the 20% group, which blunted the increase in blood volume in this group. During the first 5 h after infusion, the increase in blood volume was proportional to the increase in sodium space up to a sodium space of 50% above control. By 24 h postinfusion the relationship between blood volume (BV%) and sodium space (SS%) as percent control was linear over the entire range of sodium spaces (BV% = 68.0 + 0.32 SS%, r = 0.99). PMID- 7377364 TI - Thermodynamic technique for the quantification of regional blood flow. AB - A method is described to quantify regional blood flow by thermal analysis. A weak temperature field is established in a tissue and for a thermal steady state, unidirectional heat flux and the associated temperature gradient are measured simultaneously across a small fixed segment of the tissue. This information is evaluated with probe calibrations for homogeneous isotropic fluids, with data from ancillary measurements in the nonperfused tissue and with values of specific heat and density of blood to express local blood flow in heat transfer [effective thermal conductivity (W. degrees C-1 . cm-1 x 10(-3) and/or in perfusion (ml . min-1 . cm-3)] terms. The technique measures local perfusion in small tissue volumes and is usable in acute or chronic experiments. Its accuracy is not a function of the absolute steady-state temperature of the tissue or of its metabolic heat production. PMID- 7377365 TI - Role of adenosine in exercise vasodilation in dog gracilis muscle. AB - Theophylline, quinidine, and dipyridamole were used to evaluate the role of adenosine in exercise vasodilation in dog gracilis muscles perfused at low, constant flow. Theophylline, 10(-3) M in blood, blocked adenosine vasodilation completely, but did not alter the magnitude or rate of vasodilation aroused by brief tetani, or by 1 min of twitch contraction. Quinidine's effects were too nonspecific to interpret in terms of the adenosine hypothesis. Dipyridamole increased and prolonged vasodilation due to injected adenosine, but did not increase the magnitude of exercise vasodilation known to be submaximal. In about half the muscles tested, dipyridamole slowed recovery of resistance after contraction stopped. Bioassay data strongly suggest it did so by enhancing the contribution of a purine metabolite. Results are interpreted to mean that adenosine does not influence the rate or magnitude of exercise vasodilation, but may prolong recovery from heavy work at constant flow. The generality of results and interpretations is discussed. PMID- 7377366 TI - Oxygen and vascular smooth muscle contraction revisited. AB - The relationship between oxygen pressure measured in a tissue bath (PBO2) and the contractile tension produced by an agonist (contractile responsiveness) was studied in a series of experiments using helical strips cut from thoracic aortas, femoral and deep femoral arteries, and small arteries taken from red and white skeletal muscle of the rabbit. The wall thicknesses of these samples ranged from 200 micron for aortas down to approximately 20 micron for the smallest skeletal muscle arteries. Contractile responsiveness of all samples became progressively depressed when PBO2 was reduced stepwise. The depression produced in the large thick-walled samples occurred at higher PBO2 levels than that produced in the small thin-walled samples. Responsiveness of all of the artery samples was depressed by hypoxia more at low than at high levels of stimulation. In a second series of experiments PO2 at the surface of artery samples (PSO2) was measured using an oxygen-sensitive microelectrode. These measurements in conjunction with calculations of the PO2 within the arterial wall (PWO2) indicated that contractile responsiveness of both large and small artery samples became depressed when PWO2 fell below a lowest-value estimate of 50 Torr. From these findings it is concluded that 1) the sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle cells to hypoxia is similar for large and small arteries; 2) this sensitivity occurs in a range of PO2 that is physiologic for resistance vessels in situ; and 3) this sensitivity to hypoxia cannot be explained by an anoxic core hypothesis and may or may not involve restricted energy metabolism. PMID- 7377367 TI - Neural effect of digitalis glycosides on gracilis vascular resistance in hypotension. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of intravenous acetylstrophanthidine and digoxin on the gracilis vascular resistance of hypotensive dogs. The gracilis muscle was isolated and separately perfused, but the nerve to the muscle was left intact. Acetylstrophanthidin, 0.5 mg iv, and digoxin, 1.0 mg iv, both produced a sustained vasodilator response in the gracilis vascular bed of all the hypotensive animals (mean arterial pressure 50 mmHg). A short-lasting vasoconstriction preceded the vasodilation in response to acetylstrophanthidin in 6 of the 8 animals. Prior local alpha-adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine did not have any significant effect on vasodilation. Prior local cholinergic receptor blockade with atropine, however, abolished the sustained vasodilator response, thus indicating that the mechanism responsible for this neurogenic effect is cholinergic. In contrast, in the normotensive dogs, the response to intravenously administered digoxin was sustained vasoconstriction, which was abolished by prior local alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade. Thus, the effect of digitalis glycosides on peripheral vascular resistance is importantly affected by the background level of sympathetic activity. PMID- 7377368 TI - Left ventricular cannulation for microsphere estimation of rabbit renal blood flow. AB - When cannulation of the left ventricle and the left atrium were compared as methods for measuring for measuring renal blood flow distribution with radioactive microspheres in 9 conscious and 6 anesthetized rabbits, there were no differences between the two injection routes. Left ventricular cannulation per se did not affect cardiac output, nor the percentage of the cardiac output supplying the kidneys; but cardiac outputs estimated by thermodilution by injections via this route were up to 10% greater than those from left atrial injection. The advantages of left ventricular cannulation for experiments on regional blood flow distribution in conscious animals are discussed. PMID- 7377369 TI - Contribution of viable and nonviable heart myocytes to substrate oxidation. AB - An approach is described that allows metabolic data obtained from a mixture of vital dye-excluding (T-) and nonexcluding (T+) myocytes to be extrapolated to a homogeneous cell population. Myocytes from adult dog hearts were dispersed by enzymatic treatment and separated into two fractions: one containing predominantly T-, and the other containing predominately T+ cells. Measuring the oxidation rate and viability of each fraction allows the determination of the rate of oxidation of a homogeneous cell population when palmitate, glucose, or lactate is the oxidizable substrate. The calculated rate of oxidation of these substrates by 100% T- cells was: 0.15, 0.46, and 2.99 nmol . mg protein-1 . min 1, respectively. Oxidation of palmitate and lactate by T+ cells was one-fifth of the T-cell rate. Glucose oxidation of T+ cells was not significantly different from zero. Use of this procedure will permit study of myocardial metabolism when experimental procedures may cause altered cell viability. PMID- 7377370 TI - Effect of food or water restriction on erythropoiesis in mice: relevance to "anemia" of space flight. AB - Dehydrated mice showed a negative energy balance and hemoconcentration similar to that thought to occur in men during space flight, although the mechanism producing these changes may be completely different. The relative importance of dehydration and a negative energy balance in producing erythroid suppression has been investigated. The initial suppression appeared to be due to a reduced food intake. Thereafter, this negative energy balance produced about 40% of the erythroid suppression, the severity of which was augmented by dehydration. The decreased food consumption appeared to suppress erythropoiesis by reducing the sensitivity of the target cells in the spleen to erythropoietin (Ep), the erythropoietic hormone. Hemoconcentration decreased titers of Ep thus also suppressing erythropoiesis. Attempts to alleviate the effects of water deprivation and reduced food consumption by effects of water deprivation and reduced food consumption by water injections and the feeding of supplemented diets were only marginally effective at ameliorating the erythroid suppression. These studies indicate the importance of maintaining an adequate energy and fluid balance in the regulation of erythropoiesis. PMID- 7377371 TI - PAH transport in rock crab (Cancer irroratus) urinary bladder. AB - Crab urinary bladder appears to possess several morphological and functional similarities to vertebrate renal proximal tubule. Sections of intermolt rock crab bladder accumulated PAH by a process that was concentrative (60 min tissue-to medium ratio (T/M) for 10 microM PAH averaged 24), Na dependent, powered by glycolytic metabolism, and inhibitable by other organic anions. Initial section uptakes exhibited saturation kinetics and a double-reciprocal plot of uptake vs. concentration yielded a single line with a Km of 70 microM and a Vmax of 5 nmol . mg tissue-1 . h-1. Chlorophenol red and bromocresol green (BCG) competitively inhibited PAH uptake. When bladder sheets were mounted in a flux chamber, they exhibited a large, net lumen-to-serosa (L leads to S) flux of 10 microM PAH that was abolished by 1 mM BCG. The small unidirectional S leads to L flux was not BCG inhibitable. Bladder sheets exhibited PAH T/M greater than 1 after luminal, but not serosal, exposure. BCG only reduced bladder sheet T/M after luminal exposure. The data are consistent with uphill, Na-dependent, and carrier-mediated entry of PAH at the luminal membrane and nonmediated exit at the serosal membrane. PMID- 7377374 TI - Functional reinnervation and development of supersensitivity to NE after renal denervation in rats. AB - The time course for functional reinnervation and development of supersensitivity to norepinephrine (NE) in the denervated rat kidney was studied using an in situ kidney preparation perfused at constant flow. Changes in perfusion pressure were measured during renal nerve stimulation (RNS, 1-10 Hz) and after administration of NE (1-50 ng, ia) up to 8 wk after unilateral renal denervation or a sham operation. During the first 2 wk after denervation, supersensitivity to NE was present, but there was no response to RNS. Between 24 and 32 days after denervation, RNS produced responses averaging 40% of control in denervated kidneys and supersensitivity to NE was still present. A fluorescence assay was used to determine that the NE concentration in kidneys 24-32 days after denervation was less than 30% of that found in control kidneys. At 8 wk, average responses to RNS in denervated kidneys were not significantly different from innervated kidneys, while supersensitivity to NE was still present. These results indicate that functional reinnervation of the renal vasculature begins to occur between 14 and 24 days after denervation, and that complete return of function may occur by 8 wk. The response to RNS during reinnervation appears to be due to a combination of regeneration of nerve fibers and denervation supersensitivity to NE. PMID- 7377375 TI - Effects of brain monoamine depletions on thermoregulation in rabbits. AB - Biochemical analyses revealed that 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine- (5,7-DHT) treated and 6-hydroxydopamine- (6-OHDA) treated rabbits, respectively, had a significant reduction in diencephalic 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) with minimal alterations in the other monoamines. Both 5,7-DHT-treated and 6-OHDA treated animals, although showing the maintenance of normal body temperatures, did exhibit specific alterations in the thermoeffector outputs. The 5-HT-depleted animals displayed an increase in ear skin blood flow, respiratory heat loss, and metabolism at both ambient temperatures (Ta) of 22 and 2 degrees C. The NE depleted animals displayed a decrease in metabolism at all levels of Ta tested. Also, the peripheral temperature threshold for the onset of heat loss responses were displaced to higher values than in control animals. In addition, the prostaglandin E1-induced fever was attenuated after the pretreatment of rabbits with either 5,7-DHT or 6-OHDA. The data indicate that brain levels of 5-HT and NE alter, in an apparently reciprocal fashion, the thermoregulatory responses of rabbits. Also, the integrity of 5-HT and NE pathways in brain is vital for the full functioning of a prostaglandin in producing a fever. PMID- 7377373 TI - Drinking and vasopressin release during ventricular infusions of hypertonic solutions. AB - Six dogs were administered third ventricular infusions of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (292 mosmol/l) alone or artificial CSF to which neither NaCl, sucrose, glucose, or urea was added to yield a final osmolar concentration of 500 mosmol/l. The volume of water drunk during 45 min of infusion was measured and blood was sampled for determination of plasma vasopressin concentration at 15 min intervals. Artificial CSF made hypertonic by addition of NaCl or sucrose stimulated water intakes of 9.0 +/- 3.2 ml/kg (mean +/- SE) and 7.3 +/- 3.7 ml/kg, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the amounts drunk and the latencies. In contrast, artificial CSF containing glucose, urea, or artificial CSF alone were without effect. Plasma vasopressin concentration increased significantly in response to intraventricular NaCl and sucrose but was not affected by glucose, urea, or artificial CSF alone. These data are compatible with an osmoreceptor mechanism mediating drinking and vasopressin release. PMID- 7377376 TI - Plasma angiotensin II: dipsogenic levels and angiotensin-generating capacity of renin. AB - Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) or administration of angiotensin II (AII) will induce water intake. In the rat, the species in which the physiological mechanisms of thirst have been most thoroughly studied, the levels of circulating AII produced by systemic administration of dipsogenic doses of the octapeptide have not been established. Furthermore, the capacity of the endogenous RAS to generate AII sufficient to contribute to the production of a thirst state has not been well studied. In the present series of investigations, plasma levels of AII were determined following infusions of the peptide over a range of doses frequently employed in studies on thirst. In addition, a series of manipulations ranging from mild water deprivation or ingestion of a dry meal to ether stress of rats with malignant renal hypertension was applied to examine the capacity of the RAS to generate angiotensin. The results indicate that the endogenous RAS can readily produce the major effector peptide of the system so that circulating levels are well in excess of the dipsogenic threshold for AII. PMID- 7377372 TI - Thirst and vasopressin release in the dog: an osmoreceptor or sodium receptor mechanism? AB - The effects of intravenous infusion of hypertonic NaCl, sucrose, glucose, urea, or isotonic NaCl solution on thirst and plasma arginine vasopressin concentration (AVP) were studied in five conscious dogs. The changes in osmolality and sodium concentration of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured at the threshold of drinking, or after 45 min if no drinking occurred. Hypertonic NaCl and sucrose stimulated drinking in all dogs and significantly elevated plasma AVP. Equally hypertonic glucose, urea, or isotonic NaCl failed to stimulate any drinking or vasopressin secretion. All hypertonic solutions caused significant and similar increases in the osmolality and sodium concentration of CSF. Plasma osmolality was increased by the hypertonic solutions. Plasma sodium was increased by hypertonic NaCl, decreased by sucrose and glucose, and not changed by urea. Isotonic NaCl had no effect on either plasma or CSF composition. These data are not consistent with either a sodium or an osmoreceptor mechanism located within the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or with a peripheral sodium receptor mechanism. An intracranial osmoreceptor located on the blood side of the BBB is proposed to explain these results. PMID- 7377380 TI - Irreversible thermodynamics of an isometric twitch, time-dependent general formulation. AB - We used the phenomenological laws of irreversible thermodynamics, to derive a system of coupled differential equations describing the time course of the mechanochemical coupling underlying an isometric twitch. Our general description is concerned only with the fundamental process of energy transduction taking place within an idealized unit element of muscle and does not include the description of associated processes such as the excitation-contraction coupling and the mechanical or external coupling that, in bulk muscle, lead to or mediate the fundamental process. The values of the initial conditions and of four parameters are required to solve for the time course of the process. Two of the parameters have a clear physical interpretation and, for the specific case of muscular contraction involving hydrolysis of ATP, their values can be readily estimated from available experimental data. The interpretation of the two other parameters is more speculative, but, from their strong interdependence with the other parameters, their values can be also approximated. Solution of the coupled differential equations yields results consistent with the typical experimental time course of an isometric twitch. PMID- 7377378 TI - Energy balance in ovariectomized rats with and without estrogen replacement. AB - The effect of estrogen replacement on several parameters of energy balance was investigated in ovariectomized rats tested during the dark phase of their diurnal cycle. Estrogen replacement, either as 17 beta-estradiol or beta-estradiol-3 benzoate via subcutaneous Silastic capsules, was associated with elevated rates of heat production and dry heat loss relative to untreated ovariectomized controls. Estrogen treatment reduced body mass and retarded fur growth. The effects of estrogen replacement on heat production and dry heat loss could not be attributed to these differences in body mass and fur growth or locomotor activity. Estrogen replacement had no effect on rate of evaporative heat loss. If estrogen replacement was delayed 75 days following ovariectomy, the increase in heat production and dry heat loss was not observed. There was no effect of the hormone treatment on rectal temperature. It was concluded that either heat production was elevated, with dry heat loss increased to compensate for the additional thermal load, or dry heat loss was accelerated with heat production elevated in compensation. PMID- 7377377 TI - Reflex effects of hepatic baroreceptors on renal and cardiac sympathetic nerve activity. AB - The reflex effects of hepatic low-pressure baroreceptors on renal and cardiopulmonary sympathetic efferent nerve activity were studied in mongrel dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Systemic blood pressure, central venous pressure, hepatic, renal, and portal venous pressures were all measured during occlusion of the thoracic vena cava above the diaphragm, below the liver, and during occlusion of the portal vein. Renal and cardiopulmonary sympathetic efferent nerve activity was continuously recorded along with the hepatic efferent nerve activity during the caval occlusions. Hepatic baroreceptor excitation resulted in marked increases in hepatic afferent nerve activity and reflex increases in renal and cardiopulmonary sympathetic efferent nerve activity without a change in heart rate. Section of the anterior hepatic nerves eliminated the reflex increase in renal efferent nerve activity, but did not eliminate the increase in cardiopulmonary sympathetic efferent nerve activity. Carotid sinus denervation, bilateral cervical vagotomy, and phrenectomy did not alter the reflex responses to hepatic baroreceptor excitation. These hepatorenal and hepatocardiopulmonary reflexes may be important reflex mechanisms that are activated during congestive heart failure and cirrhosis of the liver. PMID- 7377381 TI - Quantitative aspects of reversible osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier. AB - Retrograde infusion of a hypertonic arabinose solution into the right external carotid artery of rats reversibly increases cerebrovascular permeability to [14C]sucrose in the right cerebral hemisphere. PA ([14C]sucrose permeability x capillary surface area) rises from a control mean of 11 x 10(-6) S-1 to above 200 x 10(-6) S-1. The rise correlates with an increased staining of the brain by intravascular Evans blue, and is followed by a transient, 1-1.5% increase in brain water content. At least 20 s of infusion is required for 1.6 M arabinose solution to effectively open the blood-brain barrier. The increase in cerebrovascular permeability is temporary, however, because PA remains slightly elevated 1-2 h after infusion and is normal 6 h after infusion. It is suggested that osmotic barrier opening is mediated by cerebrovascular dilatation as well as by shrinkage of the vascular endothelium. By quantitatively defining thresholds of infusate concentration and infusion time for osmotic barrier opening, and by characterizing the time course of increased PA, the experiments establish criteria for applying the osmotic method to experimental pharmacology of the central nervous system. PMID- 7377379 TI - Calcitonin stimulation of urine flow and sodium excretion in the starling. AB - Renal effects of synthetic salmon calcitonin (CT) were examined in normal and parathyroidectomized (PTX) starlings, Sturnus vulgaris. Standard clearance studies were performed. Anesthetized birds were infused with [14C]-inulin in 2.5% mannitol containing either 0.25% gelatin alone as a control, or gelatin plus CT (2 IU CT/h; Armour). In intact starlings, CT significantly increased urine flow and relative clearance of sodium (CNa/CIn). CCa/CIn was significantly elevated only 40 min after start of hormone infusion. No significant change occurred in CK/CIn, CPO4/CIn or in serum levels of Na, K, Ca, or PO4. In PTX starlings, CT induced significantly higher CNa/CIn. Urine flow was significantly higher at 40 and 60 min, whereas CK/CIn increased significantly only 20 min following start of CT infusion. Serum calcium decreased significantly 1 h after hormone administration and was accompanied by increased incidence of tetany. Serum phosphate levels were significantly lower than those of corresponding PTX controls 1 h post-CT, indicating that CT prevented the expected hyperphosphatemia. Higher CT dose (20 IU/h) in PTX birds substantially enhanced urine flow, CNa/CIn, CK/CIn, and occurrence of tetany. PMID- 7377383 TI - Acclimation, temperature selection, and heat exchange in the turtle, Chrysemys scripta. AB - Turtles acclimated to temperatures between 3 and 19 degrees C were placed in a thermal gradient. The animals usually selected temperatures above 28 degrees C within 1 h after placement in the gradient, attaining a final thermal preferendum between 31 and 33 degrees C. Turtles placed in the gradient for extended periods of time were more active during the day; the temperature selected was not related to activity or time of day. Turtles were transferred from a constant temperature bath at 10 or 30 degrees C to a calorimeter at 30 or 10 degrees C. Mean body temperature (Tb) and temperatures of the heart (The), brain (Tbr), and cloaca (Tcl) as well as heart rate were continuously monitored. In a 0.76-kg turtle, temperatures increased to two-thirds of the final difference between the initial temperature and the final temperature in the following times (min): Tb, 5.5; The, 6.0; Tcl, 9.0. The increase in Tbr varied depending on whether the head was extended or retracted. Rapid changes in ambient water temperature had relatively little effect on the heart rate of a submerged turtle. Heart rates were closely related to The and were practically independent of brain temperature. PMID- 7377382 TI - Effect of saralasin and indomethacin on renal function in developing piglets. AB - To investigate the influence of angiotensin II (AII) and renal prostaglandins on neonatal renal hemodynamics and sodium excretion, unanesthetized piglets 1-5, 18 20, and 45-50 days of age were treated with saralasin and indomethacin prior to volume expansion (VE) with isotonic saline. Saralasin did not affect basal renal blood flow (RBF) or the intrarenal distribution of blood flow as calculated as the ratio of outer-to-inner slice counts (O/I) in piglets 1-50 days of age. VE increased fractional sodium excretion equally in all animals. In 1- to 5-day-old piglets, saralasin blunted this natriuresis without affecting renal hemodynamics. Therefore, low neonatal RBF and O/I do not appear to be due to AII. In addition, indomethacin did not change renal hemodynamics in newborn piglets and did not affect the natriuresis after VE in any age group. Indomethacin decreased RBF and increased O/I of conscious 45- to 50-day-old animals. Renal prostaglandins do not appear to be a factor in control of renal hemodynamic in newborn pigs and do not influence the natriuresis in neonates following saline loading. PMID- 7377384 TI - Vagal mediation of hypothalamic obesity but not of supermarket dietary obesity. AB - In two independent experiments, complete subdiaphragmatic vagotomy did not prevent the development of the obesity that results from the addition of highly palatable foods to the diet of rats. The vagotomized animals exhibited only a 1 day delay in the onset of overeating, and this only when first exposed to the tasty diet. In independent tests of the functional completeness of the vagotomies, the vagotomized animals failed to overeat or gain excessive weight on a standard laboratory diet following bilaterally parasagittal hypothalamic knife cuts. Thus, hypothalamic knife-cut obesity requires the integrity of the vagus for its full expression, whereas dietary obesity does not. PMID- 7377385 TI - Dependence of pial arteriolar response to hypercapnia on vessel size. AB - The responses of pial arterioles to changes in PaCO2 were studied in anesthetized cats equipped with cranial windows for the observation of the pial microcirculation. The percentile increase in vessel caliber induced by hypercapnia was size dependent, with the smaller vessels responding more vigorously than the larger ones. In contrast, the vasoconstrictor responses to arterial hypocapnia were size independent. Following topical application of phentolamine (10(-5) M), or after ipsilateral extirpation of the superior cervical ganglion, the increase in arteriolar caliber caused by moderate hypercapnia (5% CO2 inhalation) in the larger arterioles (greater than 100 micron in diameter) increased and became equal to that of the smaller arterioles (less than 100 micron in diameter). The response to hypocapnia was not affected by phentolamine. The results indicate that a major reason for the greater responsiveness of smaller vessels to moderate hypercapnia is the fact that the response of the larger vessels is limited by neurogenic vasoconstriction resulting from increased activity of adrenergic nerves originating from the cervical sympathetic chain. The absence of an influence of the sympathetic nervous system on the responses to hypocapnia is explained by the lack of significant resting neurogenic vasoconstrictor tone in pial arterioles of anesthetized cats. PMID- 7377386 TI - A new look at organic brain syndromes. AB - The author points out that organic mental disorders have been neglected for the past 30 years and that the classification of these disorders is obsolete. On the basis of the new explicit criteria formulated in DSM-III, the growing recognition that organic disorders constitute a major public health problem, the advances made in the neurosciences, and the current focus on chronic diseases and critical care medicine, however, he predicts an increase in interest in organic mental disorders in the coming years. He outlines the new classification system, suggesting that it should stimulate research and thus lead to sorely needed therapeutic advances. PMID- 7377387 TI - Measuring racial bias in inpatient treatment. AB - In a retrospective chart audit of 66 black and 36 white male schizophrenic inpatients, the authors found that black patients spent less time in the hospital, obtained a lower privilege level, were given more p.r.n. medications, and were less likely to receive recreation therapy and occupational therapy. Seclusion and restraints were more likely to be used with black patients. The authors ruled out the possibility of more severe pathology in the black patients by global rating of an additional 15 white and 15 black patients. Concluding that there was racial bias, they attribute it to subtle stereotyping and the staff's greater familiarity with white patients; they suggest increased recruitment of black professionals and the inclusion of blacks in each treatment team. PMID- 7377388 TI - Self-perception and academic achievement: variations in a desegregated setting. AB - The author studied 101 black and 412 white fifth-grade students and found no significant racial differences on any measures of general or area-specific (i.e., school, peers, home) self-esteem when socioeconomic status (SES) was controlled but found significant differences by SES on most measures when race was controlled. There was a positive correlation between self-concept of ability and SES when race was controlled, but when SES was controlled black children scored significantly higher than did white children. Black and lower-SES subjects scored significantly lower than other subjects on academic achievement and achievement orientation. This study highlights the need to move from the current concern with the psychological consequences of desegregation for black children toward addressing the misfit relationship between all lower-SES children and the school. PMID- 7377389 TI - Primary affective disorder in relatives of patients with anorexia nervosa. AB - The authors examined the incidence of primary affective disorder (PAD) in relatives of 25 patients with anorexia nervosa and of 25 normal control subjects. Among the relatives of patients with anorexia nervosa, 22% (N = 43) had histories of PAD, while only 10% (N = 17) of the relatives of controls had such histories. Among the PAD relatives of anorectic probands, 34 had histories of unipolar depression and 9 of bipolar affective disorder. These findings provide further evidence of a possible relationship between anorexia nervosa and affective illness. PMID- 7377390 TI - Depression, demographic dimensions, and drug abuse. AB - The authors examined the relationship between depressive symptoms, drug-use pattern, and demographic variables in 432 substance abusers. Assessment was at intake and at 4 and 8 months. Depression was measured by using the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and the Current and Past Psychopathology Scales. At intake 46% of the subjects reported moderate or high levels of depression on the Beck scale and 29% of subjects scored in the high or moderate range of depression on the Hamilton scale. After eight months, depression scores were significantly lower in all drug abuse groups. These reducations were not related to type or length of treatment. PMID- 7377392 TI - "Burnout" in group home houseparents. AB - Forty-seven houseparents of group homes for emotionally disturbed adolescents completed questionnaires measuring "burnout." There were profound differences between male and female subjects; for men, higher burnout scores were significantly correlated with higher salaries, screening prospective residents, and having no decision-making power in accepting residents. Women burned out more if they screened prospective residents or ran group meetings with residents. Significant relationships were also found between burnout and where time off was spent and support of friends, staff, and the organization. The author suggests that group home programs should differentially allocate tasks to men and women and should work with men on overly high expectations. PMID- 7377393 TI - The use of former phobics in the treatment of phobias. AB - The author describes the role of the phobia therapist, usually a former phobic or a mental health worker. The therapist works with a psychiatrist as part of an overall psychiatric treatment program that provides an effective, low-cost approach to the treatment of phobias. Case studies illustrate how the supported exposure approach, whereby patients are confronted gradually with the fearful situation in a real-life setting, enables phobics to learn how to deal with their phobic symptoms while they are occurring. PMID- 7377391 TI - Diagnosis of hysterical seizures in epileptic patients. AB - The coexistence of epileptic and hysterical seizures in the same patient is not rare and creates problems in diagnosis and management. The authors used simultaneous video-EEG monitoring to document the diagnosis of hysterical seizures in 9 epileptic patients; clear-cut hysterical seizures were seen in all 9. The authors used individualized re-educative psychotherapy to teach patients alternative coping techniques and discharged them on minimum dosages of anticonvulsants. None of the patients had a classical hysterical personality, which suggests that conversion reaction is a more appropriate diagnosis, The etiology of "hysterical" seizures varies; the authors emphasize individualized treatment and long-term follow-up. PMID- 7377394 TI - Restraint versus treatment: seclusion as discussed in the Boston State Hospital case. AB - The recent Boston State Hospital case in Massachusetts produced, among other results, a decision that highlights areas of gross conceptual nonalignment between law and psychiatry on the subject of seclusion. The author presents a critique of aspects of the decision that have important implications for the psychiatric use of seclusion and explores related problem areas in the relationship between law and psychiatry. PMID- 7377396 TI - Culture and psychopathology: a study of Puerto Ricans. AB - There have been suggestions in the literature of a link between acceptance of traditional Latin American family values and the development of psychopathology. To test this hypothesis, the author surveyed 117 lower-class Puerto Rican psychiatric patients, using a scale to measure Hispanic American family-related values. The scores of these patients were compared with those of lower- and middle-class Puerto Rican nonpatients. The data provided some evidence that in poorer immigrants psychiatric morbidity is accompanied by evidence of decreased adherence to Latin American family beliefs. PMID- 7377395 TI - The Boston State Hospital case: "involuntary mind control," the constitution, and the "right to rot". AB - The recent Boston State Hospital case represents a problematic decision on the right of inpatients to refuse treatment. The authors describe how basic misconceptions of psychopharmacology led to questionable analysis of the constitutional issues at stake. The effects of the decision may seriously impair proper care for the hospitalized mentally ill. PMID- 7377397 TI - Research training in psychiatry: a survey of current practices. AB - The authors surveyed current opportunities and research training practices in psychiatric residency programs. Although most programs offer at least a journal club and manb state that research experiences are available, very limited research resources are available to residents in many programs. The availability of research teaching is quite variable, and few programs budget or spend money for resident research. Further, very few programs require any direct reesarch experience. These findings offer a partial explanation for the shortage of research psychiatrists. PMID- 7377399 TI - Platelet gamma-aminobutyrate-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase (GABA-T) in schizophrenia. PMID- 7377398 TI - Residency curriculum in forensic psychiatry. AB - The authors describe the development of a curriculum in forensic psychiatry in a general psychiatric residency training program. Educational objectives for both knowledge and skills are presented. The authors detail training experiences at each level of psychiatric residency, including electives available for fourth year residents. They encourage other training programs to share similar reports with a view toward the development of standards in the training of residents in forensic psychiatry. PMID- 7377400 TI - Successful use of thermal biofeedback in severe adult asthma. PMID- 7377401 TI - Treatment of lithium/neuroleptic neurotoxicity during lithium maintenance. PMID- 7377402 TI - Catatonic symptoms in a child with epilepsy. PMID- 7377403 TI - Nocturnal enuresis caused by psychotropic drugs. PMID- 7377404 TI - Psychiatric manifestations of neurosyphilis in middle-aged patients. PMID- 7377405 TI - Schizophrenia to manic-depression: mutation or misdiagnosis? PMID- 7377407 TI - Haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia in a 10-year-old girl. PMID- 7377406 TI - Serum lithium spot checks for manic-depressive patients. PMID- 7377408 TI - Accidental lithium carbonate treatment of thyrotoxicosis as mania. PMID- 7377411 TI - Further reflections on ECT. PMID- 7377412 TI - Court intervention and the right to treatment. PMID- 7377410 TI - Coffee, cigarettes, and drug metabolism. PMID- 7377409 TI - Platelet MAO in schizophrenia. PMID- 7377413 TI - Failure of lithium therapy. PMID- 7377414 TI - Violence and PCP abuse. PMID- 7377415 TI - Psychiatrists in the emergency situation. PMID- 7377416 TI - The irony of drug product selection. PMID- 7377417 TI - Cancer symptoms, clinical stage, and survival rates. PMID- 7377418 TI - Drug product selection: the Florida experience. AB - Drug product selection, the act of selecting and dispensing a lower cost generically equivalent product to that prescribed, is made possible in 46 states through recently enacted legislation. Florida's legislation is unique in that it requires pharmacists to product select under certain circumstances. This study reports on the results of a review of the Florida experience approximately one year after enactment of its drug product selection legislation. Nearly 132,000 prescriptions were sampled from 60 pharmacies during a four-month study period. This represents one per cent of all new prescriptions in the state and a three per cent sample of community pharmacies. Study results indicate that drug product selection on the average saves the consumer $1.92 per prescription. Further, under the provisions of this law the majority of cost savings (average reductions in acquisition costs between prescribed and dispensed products) are being passed along as savings to the consumer. During the four-month study period this amounted to a total prescription cost savings of nearly $425,000. Drug product selection occurs in approximately two per cent of all new prescriptions which compares favorably with results reported from other states but also suggests that additional savings can be realized under such legislation. PMID- 7377419 TI - Respiratory disease mortality in New Mexico's American Indians and Hispanics. AB - To determine the effect of ethnic group on respiratory disease occurrence, average annual sex, ethnic, and disease specific mortality rates for the period of 1969 to 1977 were calculated for New Mexico's American Indian, Hispanic, and Anglo populations. Incidence data were available for respiratory tract cancer. This study corroborates previous findings of reduced mortality from lung cancer in American Indians of both sexes and in Hispanic males. American Indian mortality from tuberculosis and from influenza and pneumonia was high. Hispanic males and American Indians of both sexes showed low mortality rates for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Differing cigarette usage is the most obvious explanation for the variations in COPD and lung cancer occurrence with ethnic group. PMID- 7377420 TI - Diet discontinuation policies and practices of PKU clinics in the United States. AB - Marked diversity in policies and practices for discontinuation of the PKU diet in the U.S. was found in a nationwide survey. Seventy-two of the 78 identified clinical centers treating PKU provided data. No clinicians are currently considering diet discontinuation at ages earlier than their present policy or practice. A definite trend toward later discontinuation of diet was identified. A few clinicians have always recommended indefinite diet continuation while many clinics have experience with children ages 9--12 who have discontinued the diet. Clinics with seven or more children off diet in this age range are significantly more likely than smaller clinics to be considering a later age for diet discontinuation. There were 151 children approximately age 10 or older, who remain on a low phenylalanine diet. These children are followed by 29 clinics, but over one-half of them are followed by five clinics which have had long standing policies of indefinite diet continuation. Factors associated with success in long-term management are a firm clinic policy supporting continued diet treatment; frequent, supportive contacts with the family; open discussion by staff with families and establishment of a trusting relationship; teaching children to accept responsibility for diet management from an early age. PMID- 7377421 TI - Health stability and change: a study of urban black youth. AB - Personal interviews were conducted with a representative sample of 536 urban Black youth at two points in their life cycle: first when they were adolescents, aged 12--17, and six to eight years later when they were young adults, aged 18- 23. A total of 47 health problems for males, 48 for females, were inquired about each time. Longitudinal analysis was performed to determine the extent of change, the direction of change, and the health problems most subject to change. The number of health problems increased for both sexes, but the increase was significantly greater among males than females. Male and female morbidity count, thus, became nearly equivalent in young adulthood whereas, in adolescence, young women's had exceeded men's. More detailed age analysis revealed that the greatest increase in male's health problems occurred two years behind that for women: for men, between ages 17 and 18; for women between ages 15 and 16. With but few exceptions, the same health problems which dominated in adolescence continued to be most prevalent in young adulthood. Population prevalence rates, however, understate the considerable degree of shift or turnover in individual cases reporting health problems as well as in general health status as measured by the total number of those problems. PMID- 7377422 TI - Expanded home-based care for the impaired elderly: solution or pipe dream? AB - Benefits assumed by those calling for massive expansion of home health care to include preventive, health-supportive services for the dependent aged--reduced institutionalization, reduced stress among family caregivers, and enhanced life satisfaction for the dependent elderly--have been the objects of inadequate research and reflection. Advocates are unable to specify exactly what kind of person could benefit or who would seek to use such services. The little evidence that exists suggests that these benefits may be realized only partially and/or only among select segments of the population affected. A significantly reduced rate of institutionalization appears especially questionable. Only for a relatively small group, those mildly impaired persons without close kin (who now sometimes end up in lower level nursing homes or domiciliary care homes due to absence of this resource), does expansion of long-term maintenance services appear at this point to hold such potential. Local experiments with expanded home based programs suggest that there may be a number of factors which could limit demand for such services. Carefully designed research to address these issues is needed. PMID- 7377423 TI - Symptomatology in head and neck cancer: a quantitative review of 385 cases. AB - Symptom durations in head and neck cancer patients analyzed as a function of tumor stage suggest a reversal of the "common sense" notion that patients with early disease generally present with a shorter symptomatic period. A possible explanation is that variation in stage at diagnosis is primarily due to intrinsic differences in tumor aggressiveness rather than patient delay. This would imply that early detection programs may be incapable of realizing the potential for improved survival commonly ascribed to them. PMID- 7377424 TI - Cancer incidence and trihalomethane concentrations in a public drinking water system. AB - Four thousand two hundred fifty-five cases of esophageal, stomach, colon, rectal, bladder, and pancreatic cancer reported from Erie County, NY between 1973 and 1976 were analyzed in terms of their relationship to type of water source, level of trihalomethane (THM) and various social and economic parameters. Among white males, a significant positive correlation existed between pancreatic cancer incidence rates and THM level. No other significant correlations were observed. This research lends little or no support to the hypothesis that THM levels which meet present standards are related to the incidence of human cancer. PMID- 7377425 TI - Evaluation of utilization of laboratory tests in a hospital emergency room. AB - Visits to a metropolitan teaching hospital emergency room were evaluated for laboratory test utilizaion and quality of care of chart review. Of 630 tests, 197 (32 per cent), clustered in 44 out of 476 (9 per cent) patient visits, were considered unnecessary. The number of tests per visit showed a strong negative correlation with the necessity of tests and with the quality of care. Results suggest the usefulness of identifying a subgroup of patients with excessive tests and implementing measures to alter testing behavior for this subgroup. PMID- 7377426 TI - The achievement of continuity of care in a primary care training program. PMID- 7377427 TI - Childhood hypertension and academic standing in the Philippines. AB - A blood pressure study on 1,078 school children, grades one through six, conducted in Mindanao, Philippines, showed an inverse association between the prevalence of systolic hypertension and the level of academic achievement, significant at p less than 0.05 in grades 4--6, and p = 0.06 in grades 1--3. PMID- 7377428 TI - Comments on 'Los Angeles airport noise and mortality--faulty analysis and public policy' . PMID- 7377429 TI - Hereditary diabetes among Indians. PMID- 7377430 TI - Influenza vaccine experience in Seattle. PMID- 7377431 TI - On lobbies, liberty, and the public good. PMID- 7377432 TI - Smoking in the workplace: a hazard ignored. PMID- 7377433 TI - The repeal of helmet use laws and increased motorcyclist mortality in the United States, 1975-1978. AB - Monthly mortality figures for motorcyclists for each state in the United States were obtained for the period January 1975 through December 1978. Twenty-four states revealed or weakened their helmet use laws at various dates within this period. Two of these states subsequently reintroduced a strengthened law. This paper measures the effects of these law changes on motorcyclist mortality. The states that repealed or weakened their helmet laws were matched with one or more states from the same geographic region that either did not have helmet use laws or did not change such existing laws in this four-year period. The effect of weakening the law in each state was then estimated in three steps: 1) the mortality data from each state for the period prior to repeal were regressed on smoothed data from the matched states; 2) these equations were used to predict the numbers of motorcyclist deaths that would have been expected in each state in the period following the repeal or weakening of the law if the laws had not been changed; 3) these numbers of expected deaths were then compared with the actual numbers of deaths that occurred. Of the 26 law changes, it was found that 23 resulted in a greater number of actual deaths in the period following the repeal or weakening of the law than were predicted to occur if the law had not been changed. It is estimated that the repeals or weakening of motorcyclist helmet use laws were typically followed by almost 40 per cent increases in the numbers of fatally injured motorcyclists. PMID- 7377435 TI - Crash involvement of teenaged drivers when driver education is eliminated from high school. AB - In 1976, Connecticut eliminated state funding for high school driver education and nine school systems dropped the courses from their high school curricula. This research examined the effect of this action on overall licensure of 16-17 year old drivers in communities that dropped the course to those in similar sized communities that retained the driver education course using local funds. Substantial reductions in the numbers of 16-17 year olds who became licensed occurred in the communities that dropped the course. As a result, the numbers of crashes involving 16-17 year olds resident in such communities were also substantially reduced. The conclusion of previously reported research that high school driver education is a major contributor to earlier licensure and accompanying crash involvement of the 16-17 year old population is supported by this additional evidence. PMID- 7377434 TI - Epidemiology of otitis media: a community study. AB - A community study of the incidence of clinically diagnosed otitis media and middle ear effusions was undertaken in the City of Galveston, Texas, based on a random sample of records of patients aged 0-8 years receiving medical care from four major sources during 1975. No overall sex or ethnic differences were observed in association with otitis media. Thirty-five per cent of the sample had at least one episode of otitis media during 1975 and, of these, one-third had two or more episodes, yielding a conservative annual incidence rate of 55.1 per cent for this age group. The overall age-specific incidence pattern indicated the highest rates for the 0-2 year age group (71 to 114 episodes per 100 children) with a steady decline in risk with increasing age. Infants who received an initial diagnosis within the first 12 months of life experienced significantly more episodes of otitis during a two-year period than did children who received an initial diagnosis after one year of age. Seasonal patterns of otitis media were comparable with those reported in other studies. Analysis by birth month of children who experienced repeated episodes of otitis indicated an increased number of children born in the late summer and fall. PMID- 7377437 TI - Professional encroachment: a comparison of the emergence of denturists in Canada and Oregon. AB - In 1978, supporters of denturism in Oregon succeeded in passing an initiative which allows denturists to provide dentures directly to the public. The steps which led to the referendum included three unsuccessful attempts to have the state legislature enact a law legalizing denturism. After capturing broad-based consumer support, the issue was placed on the ballot and passed by an overwhelming margin. Both the denturists and the dentists in Oregon adopted strategies similar to those used in Canada over 20 years ago when the issue was raised in a number of provinces. As was the case in Canada, the denturists prevailed. Denturists stressed the price differential and the issue of freedom of choice. Dentists stressed health and safety issues. The public perceived the dentists' campaign as negative and self-serving. This perception may have contributed to the election results. In order to avoid this tarnished image, dentists must anticipate the public's needs, and formulate strategies to meet such needs. PMID- 7377439 TI - Fact and fancy in the formation of public policy. PMID- 7377436 TI - Psychosocial correlates of marijuana use and problem drinking in a national sample of adolescents. AB - Personality, environmental, and behavioral variables representing psychosocial risk factors for adolescent problem behavior were assessed in a 1974 national sample study of over 10,000 junior and senior high school students. Significant correlations were found with marijuana use, and the relationships held across differences in age, sex, and ethnic group membership. Greater involvement in marijuana use was associated with greater value on independence than on academic achievement, lower expectations for academic achievement, lesser religiosity, greater tolerance of deviance, less compatibility between friends and parents, greater influence of friends relative to parents, greater models and support for problem behavior, greater actual involvement in other problem behaviors such as drunkenness, and less involvement in conventional behavior such as attending church. Multiple regression analyses show that this pattern of psychosocial correlates accounts for over 50 per cent of the variation in marijuana use. The pattern is nearly identical to the pattern that accounts for problem drinking in these same adolescents. The similarity of the patterns of psychosocial risk, and the substantial correlations of marijuana use with problem drinking and with other problem behaviors, suggest that marijuana use is best seen as part of a syndrome of adolescent problem behavior. (Am J Public Health 70:604- 613,1980.) PMID- 7377438 TI - The reaction of the dental profession to changes in the 1970s. AB - This paper explores the changing realities of dentistry in the 1970s: the development of denturism; the maldistribution of dental practitioners; the growth and activities of expanded function auxiliaries; the intrusion of the Federal Trade Commission into professional issues resulting in advertising, supermarket and franchise dentistry; and the effect of prepayment plans. These realities are considered in terms of their impact on the profession and the efforts by the individual practitioner and his representative organizations to come to terms with them. PMID- 7377441 TI - Continuous and comprehensive patient care. PMID- 7377440 TI - Smoking policies and smoking cessation programs of large employers in Massachusetts. AB - To assess the current extent of programs and policies to facilitate smoking cessation among employees, we queried 128 large employers in Massachusetts in mid 1978. Eighty-four (66 per cent) responded. Fifty-four (64 per cent) of the respondents had designated jobs or work areas in which smoking was prohibited usually because of potential danger to products or equipment. Seven (8 per cent) of the employers provided counseling, and 10 (12 percent) provided smoking cessation programs for those employees who desired to quit smoking. There is a clear need for the development and evaluation of workplace policies and programs aimed at reducing smoking. PMID- 7377442 TI - Repeat abortion and self-reported contraceptive behavior. PMID- 7377444 TI - Together we stand tall, apart we just peter along. PMID- 7377445 TI - Impingement syndrome in athletes. AB - Athletes, particularly those who are involved in sporting activities requiring repetitive overhead use of the arm (for example, tennis players, swimmers, baseball pitchers, and quarterbacks), may develop a painful shoulder. This is often due to impingement in the vulnerable avascular region of the supraspinatus and biceps tendons. With the passage of time, degeneration and tears of the rotator cuff may result. Pathologically the syndrome has been classified into Stage I (edema and hemorrhage), Stage II (fibrosis and tendonitis), and Stage III (tendon degeneration, bony changes, and tendon ruptures). The impingement syndrome may be a problem for the young, active, and competitive athlete as well as the casual weekend athlete. The "impingement sign" which reproduces pain and resulting facial expression when the arm is forceably forward flexed (jamming the greater tuberosity against the anteroinferior surface of the acromion) is the most reliable physical sign in establishing the diagnosis. Flexibility exercises, strengthening programs, and special training techniques are a preventive and treatment requirement. Rest and local modalities such as ice, ultrasound, and antiinflammatory agents are usually effective to lessen the inflammatory reaction. Surgical decompression by resecting the coracoacromial ligament or a more definitive anterior acromioplasty may rarely be indicated. PMID- 7377446 TI - The shoulder in competitive swimming. AB - Shoulder pain is the most common orthopaedic problem in competitive swimming. In a group of 137 of this country's best swimmers, 58 had had symptoms of "swimmer's shoulder." Population characteristics of this group indicated that symptoms increased with the caliber of the athlete, were slightly more common in men, and were related to sprint rather than distance swimming. The use of hand-paddle training exacerbated symptoms, which were more common during the early and middle season. Consideration of shoulder mechanics in swimming reveals that freestyle, butterfly, and backstroke require similar motions; a swimmer using any of these strokes is susceptible to developing shoulder pain. Swimmer's shoulder represents chronic irritation of the humeral head and rotator cuff on the coracoacromial arch during abduction of the shoulder, the so-called impingement syndrome. Treatment included stretching, rest, ice therapy, oral antiinflammatory agents, judicious use of injectable steroids, and surgery as a last resort. PMID- 7377447 TI - Breaststroker's knee: pathology, etiology, and treatment. AB - Twenty-three breaststroke swimmers (ranging in age from 6 to 30 years old) with painful knees were examined. Underwater movies of these swimmers were taken. Eighteen swimmers had tenderness under the medial facet of the patella and over the medial femoral intercondylar ridge. Five of these 18 swimmers also had tenderness along the tibial collateral ligament. Five swimmers had tenderness just along the tibial collateral ligament. The onset of knee pain usually occurred within 3 years of the swimmers' beginning the breaststroke. Initially, the knees were only symptomatic when the swimmers performed the whipkick. As the swimmer continued the breaststroke, in spite of discomfort, the knees became symptomatic during other athletic and nonathletic activity. Breaststroke who had been using the whipkick for more than 8 years had clinical evidence of patellofemoral osteoarthritis. The site of pain in the knee was related to the way in which the whipkick was performed. Breaststroke without knee pain used a whipkick with characteristics that were consistently different than those of the symptomatic swimmers. Treatment of breaststroke's knee should be directed toward correcting the swimmer's whipkick. This approach is most likely to be successful if applied as soon as the swimmer becomes symptomatic. PMID- 7377448 TI - Occult knee ligament injuries associated with femoral shaft fractures. AB - Recognition of ligamentous injuries of the knee in the acute phase is essential for optimum treatment and prognosis. A multitraumatized patient with a fractured femur and occult knee ligament damage presents a difficult diagnostic challenge. This paper retrospectively reviews 52 patients with 54 midshaft femoral fractures. The high incidence (48%) of ipsilateral knee ligament damage, particularly of a severe nature (30%) evident at followup (mean 24.5 months) is alarming. In the 26 cases of knee ligament damage, the mean time from injury to documentation of instability is 12.8 months. Motor vehicle and athletic injuries and falls account for all of the injuries. The majority are dashboard impacts treated in balanced traction with subsequent case bracing. The anterior cruciate ligament (50%) is most often injured followed by the medial collateral ligament (31%), lateral collateral ligament (13%), and posterior cruciate ligament (6%). A Lachman test, aspiration of the effusions, examinations under anesthesia including stress films, and arthroscopy are recommended as diagnostic procedures. Acute ipsilateral knee instability is a strong relative indication for primary rigid immobilization of the fracture femur to allow early ligamentous repair. PMID- 7377452 TI - Fitting of protective football equipment. AB - As no other guide was found to illustrate and describe protective equipment and its fitting, we have prepared this treatise. Properly fitted protective equipment for football is a must to prevent injury from occurring. Many injuries result from improperly fitted equipment. The helmet and shoulder pads are the most important pieces of equipment that require proper fit. Adequate face masks and jaw pads are essential to the helmet. Cantilever shoulder pads are necessary for most positions, with straps for those with subluxating or dislocating shoulders. Other pieces of equipment that need attention are cervical collars, hip pads, thigh pads, knee pads, pants, and shoes. Elbow, forearm, wrist, hand, and mouthpieces are essential to the player and care must be taken to see that they are compatible with proper fit. Special materials such as Ensolite, Hexcelite, RTV-11, Orthoplast, Lightcast, or Therm-O-Foam may be utilized to construct special pads. Today's modern football equipment provides adequate protection. It is imperative that all personnel involved in fitting equipment be knowledgeable about the subject. PMID- 7377449 TI - Biomechanics of knee rehabilitation with cycling. AB - The bicycle provides quadriceps rehabilitation while controlling the stresses to the knee ligaments. With pedaling on the bicycle, forces are applied to the anterior cruciate ligament, the capsular ligaments, and the posterior structures of the knee joint as the tibial plateau is posteriorly tilted. The knee muscles can modify their forces. Therefore, by controlling the mode of cycling with varying seat heights and pedal positions, the ligaments can be relieved from these forces during the initial stages of the rehabilitative process. An exercise program can then be designed to apply controlled stress to these structures to enhance the healing and recovery processes. PMID- 7377450 TI - Neurophysiologic inhibition of strength following tactile stimulation of the skin. AB - A modified shoulder abduction manual muscle test was incorporated in this study to demonstrate strength changes following tactile stimulation of the skin. Resistance was applied to the distal radioulnar joint and the stimulus (scratching) was applied inferior to the clavicle on the clavicular head of the pectoralis major muscle after maximum contraction. An electromechanical device quantified the isotonic (eccentric) measurements. A standard dynamometer system (Cybex II) was used to measure isometric strength. The nondominant side was used as the "control." Two populations, a normal (random) and a strong (athletic) group, were studied. Twenty-three persons (52% women, 48% men; mean age, 27 years; mean height, 67 inches (170 cm); and mean weight, 147 lb (66.7 kg)) were in the "normal" group and 17 persons (100% men; mean age, 25 years; mean height, 74 inches (188 cm); and mean weight, 215 lb (97.5kg)) were in the "strong" group. The random population showed a 19% decrease in strength following tactile stimulation as measured by the manual muscle testing unit; the athletic population showed a 17% decrease in strength. With the isometric measurements, the random population had an 8% decrease in mean strength following the scratch but the athletic population showed no significant decrease. The capability to quantify objectively manual muscle tests is discussed in relation to the importance of the proximal musculature. PMID- 7377451 TI - Women's injuries in collegiate sports. A preliminary comparative overview of three seasons. AB - The purpose of this article was to provide a preliminary overview of the injury experiences among collegiate women athletes which were reported to the National Athletic Injury/Illness Reporting System (NAIRS) during its first 3 operational years (1975 to 1978). More dissimilarities in injury patterns were observed between women's sports than between comparable men and women's sports. The results thereby are interpreted that injuries to women athletes are essentially sport-related, not sex-related. Further investigative reports on women athletic injuries should be delimited to respective sports and over a period of time. Attention should be given to the patterns of injury within a sport, including shifts in patterns, so that practicable preventive measures can be perceived, implemented, and subsequently evaluated. PMID- 7377443 TI - APHA recommended program guide for abortion services (revised 1979). PMID- 7377453 TI - High cost of high school football injuries. AB - This study examines year-to-year (1965, 1976 to 1977) and state-to-state (six western United States) cost variations in relation to injury site, severity, and repetition of high school football injuries. Data were collected from the files of the largest single insurer of secondary school students in these states. Analysis was made through a specially programmed Qantel 1300 computer. The average claim cost in 1965 was $34.72 in 1976 was $149.93, and, in 1977, it was $177.95. The average cost was lowest in Utah and highest in California. In the 1976 to 1977 season, 3,501 claims from 15,252 players were reported. Over 25% of the claims filed were from players who had more than come claim per season. Relatively minor injuries (sprains, strains, contusions, and abrasions) accounted for 72.3% of all injuries but only 42.4% of medical costs. Lower extremity injuries accounted for one-third of the injuries and one-half of the costs. Knee injuries alone accounted for 12.7% of all injuries and 31.8% of all medical costs paid by the insurance company. It is proposed that trainers and coaches not only know how to care for minor injuries but also that they are more rigid in their criteria for fitness, agility, stamina, and psychologic factors so that players predisposed to injury and repeated injuries will not contribute to the escalating medical costs of high school football injuries. PMID- 7377454 TI - Cardiologic assessment in participants of Pop Warner Junior League football. AB - Physical examinations and electrocardiograms were performed on 50 young men in preseason training for Pop Warner Football. Functional murmurs were found in 52%. The majority of electrocardiographic findings were within the accepted normal range for nonathletes but some were consistent with findings in trained athletes. Awareness of these normal variations is important for proper assessment of prospective and participating athletes. PMID- 7377455 TI - Migraine precipitated by head trauma in athletes. AB - Three members of a university football team were evaluated because of migraine symptoms precipitated by head trauma. Analysis of the clinical data from these cases, as well as eight previously reported in athletes, reveals that the head trauma is usually minor and not associated with amnesia; and, after a symptom free interval most often of several minutes, visual, motor, sensory, or brainstem signs and symptoms begin. These usually last for approximately 15 to 30 min and are followed by headache frequently accompanied by nausea and vomiting. In 9 of 11 cases, attacks have occurred with subsequent head trauma. Only 4 of the 11 athletes admitted to spontaneous episodes, however, the incidence may be higher since they have not been followed by a sufficient period of time. Prophylaxis with antimigrainous drugs does not appear to be indicated. The decision as to future participation in contact sports is based primarily on the results of a thorough neurologic evaluation. The possible long-term sequela of this apparent "benign" condition, particularly in those athletes with repeated episodes, is not known since the entity has only recently been recognized. A migraine attack occurring in the course of an athletic event, particularly contact sports, can simulate a serious neurologic emergency. Despite its frequency in the general population and a propensity for onset in the first three decades of life, migraine has not been appreciated in the past as a possible significant sports medicine problem. PMID- 7377456 TI - Digital perfusion of handball players. Effects of repeated ball impact on structures of the hand. AB - The effect of repeated ball impacts on the handball player's hands was studied by using thermography and routine roentgenography to determine evidence of altered perfusion or other tissue changes. Seventeen of 22 players had multiple areas of decreased perfusion. 12 of these 17 were symptomatic and 8 showed definite correlation between symptoms and thermographic findings. No skeletal or articular changes were noted. Players with more than 200 hr of accumulated playing time had increased risk of developing symptomatic, although nonprogressive, alterations in perfusion of their hands but did not have evident skeletal changes. PMID- 7377457 TI - Stress fracture of the proximal fibula. PMID- 7377458 TI - An updata on the sports medicine program at the USA Olympic Training centers. PMID- 7377459 TI - A safe exercise program. PMID- 7377460 TI - Child care as a constraint on employment: prevalence, correlates, and bearing on the work and fertility nexus. PMID- 7377461 TI - Extra-adrenal paragangliomas of the retroperitoneum: A clinicopathologic study of 12 tumors. AB - The clinical and pathologic features of 12 extra-adrenal paragangliomas of the retroperitoneum are presented. The patients (eight men, four women) had an average age of 43 years at the time of diagnosis; three had symptoms related to excess catecholamine secretion. Complete surgical resection was attempted in each case but was possible for only four patients. Five tumors were malignant; four patients died from regional and/or distant metastases 17 months to 10 years after surgery. One patient was alive with metastatic paraganglioma 25 years after initial treatment. Each patient with metastatic or locally recurrent paraganglioma had incomplete resection of the primary tumor. An important microscopic feature of each paraganglioma was the presence of cytoplasmic argyrophilia. Three of the five metastasizing paragangliomas showed readily identifiable mitoses or evidence of vascular invastion; the two other cases and all of the benign tumors lacked these features. Our findings suggest that in some cases histology may prove helpful in evaluating the malignant potential of these tumors. PMID- 7377462 TI - Hyperplastic polyps of the large bowel. AB - One hundred seventy-one hyperplastic colonic polyps were examined and found to be less homogenous histologically than has been generally considered. For example, 13% exhibited adenomatous changes, 7.6% contained Paneth cells, and 3% had distinct stalks. They are at times pedunculated and relatively large; some cannot be distinguished grossly from small sessile polyps of other histological patterns and removal is required for proper identification. Other epithelial polyps of equivalent size were compared with the hyperplastic polyps to determine the frequency of the various types. Hyperplastic polyps comprised 43.5% of all surgically removed epithelial polyps of the colon measuring 5 mm or less. PMID- 7377463 TI - Benign lipoblastoma and myxoid liposarcoma: a comparative light- and electron microscopic study. AB - A benign lipoblastoma and a myxoid liposarcoma were studied by light and electron microscopy. Both of these neoplasms had prominent plexiform vascular networks, early acquisition of fat by vascular pericytes, and progressive accumulation of fat by cells located away from the vasculature. Their component cells had investing basal laminae, pinocytotic vesicles, and cytoplasmic glycogen stores as well as cytoplasmic lipid. The process of neoplastic lipogenesis and the structural features of the neoplastic cells in both neoplasms resembled those of developing non-neoplastic fat tissue. The benign lipoblastoma appears to be analogous to developing fat, while the myxoid liposarcoma appears to recapitulate the actively proliferating zone of developing fat. The relationship between proliferating cells and the plexiform vascular network in all three processes is emphasized. We hypothesize that the vascular pericyte serves as a source for new fat storing cells. PMID- 7377464 TI - Spindle cell cancer of bladder during cyclophosphamide therapy for Wegener's granulomatosis. AB - A 38-year-old woman with long-standing Wegener's granulomatosis had remission with cyclophosphamide therapy after failure of response to other agents. Severe cystitis with massive blood loss necessitated a cystectomy. The bladder contained an unsuspected neoplasm, histologically resembling leiomyosarcoma, but desmosomes seen on electron-microscopic examination suggested that this was a spindle cell carcinoma. The findings document occurrence of cyclophosphamide related bladder cancer in a patient without a previously diagnosed neoplasm and indicate a need for cytologic monitoring of the bladder in patients requiring therapy with this drug. PMID- 7377465 TI - Endometriosis occurring in leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata: ultrastructural study and histogenetic consideration. AB - Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata is a pseudomalignant condition which mimics disseminated abdominal carcinoma. A new case is reported and compared to the 11 well-documented cases in the literature. All reported patients have experienced a benign clinical course. The peritoneal nodules are composed of histologically benign-appearing smooth-muscle cells, substantiated by electron microscopic study. The histogenesis of this entity is discussed in the light of our ultrastructural findings and the observation of concurrent endometriosis. The theory of metaplasia of the subcoelomic mesenchyme in the pathogenesis of the leiomyomatous lesions is favored. The serum estrogen levels determined in our patient did not reveal any abnormal change. The inducing factor(s) remain to be identified. Also, an unusual sensitivity of the coelomic tissues in these patients, in response to metaplastic stimuli, is postulated as a possible contributing factor. PMID- 7377466 TI - Liver cancer and oral contraceptives. PMID- 7377467 TI - [Comprehensive conservative treatment of uterine myoma in the reproductive period]. PMID- 7377469 TI - [Clinical pathogenetic variants in the growth and development of a uterine myoma]. PMID- 7377468 TI - [Characteristics of the volemic shifts during the use of norethisterone in the process of the dispensary management of uterine myoma]. PMID- 7377471 TI - [Autoimmune processes in uterine myoma]. PMID- 7377470 TI - [Problems of heredity and uterine myoma]. PMID- 7377472 TI - [Most important tasks of the higher school]. PMID- 7377473 TI - [Characteristics of the course and management of pregnancy and labor in uterine myoma]. PMID- 7377474 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of uterine myoma]. PMID- 7377476 TI - [Characteristics and interpretation of the endometrial and ovarian changes in uterine myomas]. PMID- 7377475 TI - ["Tumor factor" in uterine myoma (uterine myoma as an active component of the tumor-uterus system)]. PMID- 7377477 TI - [Structural and functional characteristics of the endometrium in uterine myoma at the early stages in detection of the tumor and during norsteroid treatment]. PMID- 7377478 TI - [Active detection and treatment of endometrial hyperplastic processes in uterine myoma]. PMID- 7377479 TI - [Morphological and biochemical characteristics of the endometrium of women taking small doses of norethisterone]. PMID- 7377480 TI - [Improvement in the vaginal myomectomy operation in developing submucosal uterine myoma]. PMID- 7377481 TI - [Comparative data on the thermovisual diagnosis of inflammatory diseases and tumors of the genitalia]. PMID- 7377483 TI - [Thyroid gland functional activity and the gonadotropin level in cancer of the corpus uteri or ovaries]. PMID- 7377482 TI - [Barrier mechanisms of the female genital system]. PMID- 7377485 TI - [Blood coagulating and fibrinolytic properties of uterine tissues in myomatous degeneration]. PMID- 7377484 TI - [Assessment of modern methods of diagnosing and treating Fallopian tube cancer]. PMID- 7377487 TI - [Experience in using single-stage abdominal colpopoiesis]. PMID- 7377486 TI - [Combination of uterine myoma and multiple leiomyomas of the skin]. PMID- 7377488 TI - [Use of alloplastic suture material in birth injuries to the cervix uteri, vagina and perineum]. PMID- 7377489 TI - [Modern principles of the diagnosis and treatment of genital endometriosis]. PMID- 7377490 TI - [Urgent problems of clinical practice in the conservative management of uterine myoma]. PMID- 7377491 TI - [Method of diagnosing disorders in ovarian hormonal function]. PMID- 7377493 TI - [Size of the ovaries and uterus at the age of puberty (based on gynecographic data)]. PMID- 7377494 TI - [State of dopaminergic regulation in sclerocystic ovaries]. PMID- 7377492 TI - [Oncological surveillance in the management of juvenile uterine hemorrhages]. PMID- 7377497 TI - [State of the hepatobiliary system in endometrial hyperplastic processes in the menopause period]. PMID- 7377495 TI - [Hormonal ovulation indices in ovarian endometrioid heterotopy]. PMID- 7377496 TI - [Changes in the endometrial proliferative processes under the influence of progesterone and norethisterone in an organ culture]. PMID- 7377498 TI - [Effect of intrauterine contraceptives on the mitotic regimen of the endometrium]. PMID- 7377500 TI - [State of the endometrium and endo- and ectocervix in women halting the use of intrauterine contraceptives]. PMID- 7377499 TI - [Morphological changes in the endometrium of women using an intrauterine contraceptive device]. PMID- 7377501 TI - [Combined surgical method of treating genital organ ptosis and prolapse in young women]. PMID- 7377502 TI - [Role of abdominal cavity perfusion in preventing peritonitis and postoperative complications]. PMID- 7377503 TI - [Electroanalgesia as a method of anesthesia in the postoperative period with gynecologic patients]. PMID- 7377504 TI - [Autonomic vascular and neuroendocrine disorders in ovarian tumors and cysts after surgical and other types of treatment]. PMID- 7377505 TI - [Action of chemical preparations on transplantable uterine sarcomas in CBA strain mice]. PMID- 7377506 TI - [Indications for cesarean section depending on the result of obstetrical monitoring study]. PMID- 7377507 TI - [Steroid secretion in prolonged pregnancy. II. Progesterone (pregnanediol) secretion in prolonged pregnancy]. PMID- 7377508 TI - [Supranormal weight and inadequate nutrition: factors in late pregnancy toxicoses]. PMID- 7377509 TI - [Our experience with the use of partusisten on 50 women suffering from premature labor]. PMID- 7377510 TI - [Prevention of hyaline membrane disease with sopolkort]. PMID- 7377512 TI - [Current status of the treatment of acidosis in the newborn infant (results of a consultation)]. PMID- 7377511 TI - [Hibitane Obstetric Cream as a vaginal antiseptic during labor]. PMID- 7377513 TI - [Treatment of the amenorrhea-galatorrhea-anovulation syndrome with bromocryptin and the results]. PMID- 7377514 TI - [Microsurgery of the uterine tubes: a new stage in the surgical treatment of tubal sterility]. PMID- 7377517 TI - [Our experience with ultrasonic diagnosis in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 7377516 TI - [Total protein and blood serum protein quantity in the seminal plasma and spermatozoid ability to penetrate the cervical mucus]. PMID- 7377515 TI - [Sterility in a family with immunological conflict]. PMID- 7377518 TI - Case of agranulocytosis after normal labor. PMID- 7377519 TI - [Case of invasive squamous cell cervical carcinoma with double differentiation and the characteristics of its course and metastasis]. PMID- 7377520 TI - [Cesarean section and maternal mortality]. PMID- 7377521 TI - [A case of unilateral corticosteroma]. PMID- 7377523 TI - [Notes on Fechner's paper: Notes on a complication in nasotracheal long-term intubation after orthodontic intervention]. PMID- 7377524 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia]. PMID- 7377522 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - An exceptionally serious case of malignant hyperthermia in a 17 year old male is presented. A detailed description of the case is given concerning symptomatology, course, laboratory data and morphologic alterations. Our patient died after 7 weeks of intensive care due to therapy resistant septicemia and coagulation disorder. Intense adynamia and advanced muscular atrophy were present. Necropsy showed regionally different extensive lysis of skeletal muscles. In the discussion the advantage of an "ice gravel" producing machine in cooling measures, the necessity of higher procaine doses and problems of long term therapy in trauma patients coincidentally affected with malignant hyperthermia, are stressed. PMID- 7377526 TI - Thalamonal, droperidol and fentanyl in induced hypovolaemic shock in the conscious dog. AB - Previous studies had shown that Thalamonal exerts a protective activity against hypovolaemic shock in experimental animals as well as in patients. The purpose of the present study was to make a long-term evaluation of the value of single doses of Thalamonal fentanyl and droperidol as shock-protecting agents in conscious dogs which received no replacement of blood loss. The study was conducted in 20 animals in which devices were implanted for measuring heart rate, arterial and venous blood pressure, left ventricular and left atrial blood pressure. The dogs were divided into 4 groups, receiving 20 ml of an i.v. injection containing either 0.025 mg/kg fentanyl, 0.625 mg/kg droperidol, 0.25 ml/kg Thalamonal (0.625 mg/kg droperidol + 0.0125 mg/kg fentanyl), or saline. Thalamonal allowed a 100 per cent survival of the dogs, one of the 5 animals survived in the droperidol group, whereas fentanyl and saline were completely ineffective. As a possible mechanism of action the interruption of the vicious sequence of blood loss, vasoconstriction and circulatory arrest at a peripheral and/or central level is discussed. The hypothesis of intracorporeal blood volume correction under the influence of Thalamonal as an anti-vasoconstrictor seems to be logical but needs further investigation. PMID- 7377525 TI - [Electrolyte balance in major abdominal surgery. III. On insensible water losses from the peritoneal cavity (author's transl)]. AB - Two groups of 16 patients each were studied during abdomino-surgical procedures. Patients of one group received an isotonic glucose solution to cover insensible water losses from the peritoneal cavity whilst patients of the other group were not treated with glucose. In these we found a significant increase in plasma osmolality and in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of the red cells during anaesthesia and operation. The balance of osmotic free water was calculated from changes of plasma osmolality during the observation period. Calculating output as difference between known input and balance we found losses of osmotic free water amounting to approximately 4.5 ml per kilogram bodyweight per hour of operation in both groups. These losses are, in our opinion, identical with the insensible water loss from the peritoneum. Plasma sodium concentration in both groups showed decreasing tendency compared with plasma osmolality. This was partly due to dilution with increased extracellular glucose concentration and partly to an extra-intracellular shift of sodium (without net-water-flux). Plasma potassium concentration decreased in patients receiving glucose but increased in patients without glucose. Red cell potassium concentration decreased in both groups. Urin-to-plasma ratio of osmolality was equal in both groups in spite of a different water balance. Patients receiving glucose had higher urine outputs and therefore (with equal osmolar U/P ratio) a higher osmolar clearance and a higher free-water-reabsorption. It is demonstrated that under conditions as described the amount of free-water reabsorption and concomitantly a favourable effect on water balance during mild dehydration is mainly depending on osmolar clearance. PMID- 7377527 TI - [Fatal hyperthermic crisis after premedication. Human stress syndrome or trigger effect of promethacine (author's transl)]. AB - A case report of a fatal hyperthermic crisis after premedication and before introduction of anaesthesia is given. Based on the typical clinical course, CK isoenzyme patterns and preliminary results of familial investigation the diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia could be established. According to literature reports, psychic stress and/or phenothiazine medication may be assumed as triggering factors. Until a potential causality between malignant hyperthermia and phenothiazine medication can definitely be ruled out, their use in suspicious cases of susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia should be avoided. PMID- 7377529 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia. II. Investigation of the patient's family (author's transl)]. AB - In connection with malignant hyperthermia the afflicted girl and her blood relations from 4 generations were investigated. Noteworthy in the case histories were fractures following minor traumas of the brother and epilepsy in 3 cases. The serum CK was increased in 6 individuals. The EMG showed alterations in 3 participants which pointed to discrete myopathy. The muscle biopsies of patient and parents were normal under microscope and electron microscope. The findings are consistent to the accepted theories of hereditary mode. Due to inadequate means of predicting the onset, early recognition and treatment of malignant hyperthermia remain essential. Promising prohibitive and curative results have been brought about with Dantrolene in animal experiments. PMID- 7377528 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia. I. Observations in connection with its pathogenesis and course (author's transl)]. AB - Malignant hyperthermia developed in the 94th minute of anesthesia undergone by a nearly 5-year-old girl. Two minutes after re-filling the halothane vaporizer, muscle rigor and tachyarrhythmia occurred. Massive myoglobinuria setting in on the day of operation reached its peak on the 1st postoperative day. Only following this were the highest CK activities to be recorded. CK-BB could not be detected at any time. PMID- 7377531 TI - [Acute pulmonary insufficiency--how much do we know today?]. PMID- 7377530 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia. Present implications in forensic medicine (author's transl)]. AB - Literature about the medicolegal implications of MH incidents has been examined. The authors themselves have observed 11 typical cases of malignant hyperthermia, 4 of which were investigated by the public prosecutor. From the point of view "ex ante" it should be expected that anaesthetists known about the diagnosis, therapy, and preanaesthetic procedures concerning MH. PMID- 7377534 TI - [Duration of preoxygenation in patients with normal and impaired lung function (author's transl)]. AB - We determined the time required for the O2-filling of the lung, which is important for reasons of preoxygenation prior to intubation during apnoea and apnoeic oxygenation. 97 patients were examined. A multiple breath nitrogen washout method, the Hewlett-Packard lung function analyser HP 47402 A, was used. Complete O2-saturation of the lung in three different groups of patients took a mean time of 2 min 55 s, 4 min 20 s and 7 min 17 s. The differences were attributed to varying qualities of ventilatory gas distribution. Total O2-filling of the lung is necessary for apnoeic oxygenation. After breathing air, there is a mean decrease of PaO2 from 97 to 54 mm of mercury in 2 min of apnoea. For purposes of intubation, a 90% O2-filling of the lung takes not more than 1 and a half minutes even in patients with seriously impaired lung function. The gain of apnoeic tolerance time is approximately 4 min. PMID- 7377532 TI - [The effect of etomidate on the activity of human pseudocholinesterase. In vivo in vitro-enzymekinetics (author's transl)]. AB - Etomidate (Hypnomidate), a safe and effective short-acting hypnotic drug of special value for induction of anesthesia, seems to be a noncompetitive activator, as well as a competitive inhibitor, of pseudocholinesterase E.C. 3.1.1.8). This is analogous to the effects of morphine and its derivatives with which etomidate has a structural similarity. The analysis of enzyme kinetics in vitro gave a Km of 10.4 (+/- 1.1) microM and a Vmax of 2.4 (+/- 0.3) mmoles/1 min for the hydrolysis of S-butyrylthiocholine by human pseudocholinesterase. Etomidate does not show any influence on the reaction rate of pseudocholinesterase on S-butyrylthiocholine in the standard test. From the experimental results it is derived that even under in vivo conditions of induction of anesthesia by etomidate, no influence is to be expected on the turnover of succinylcholine by the normal pseudocholinesterase. There is no explanation for the occasionally prolonged postnarcotic apnea following administration of etomidate as far as competition of etomidate with succinylcholine for the pseudocholinesterase is concerned and as long as enzyme variants of higher affinity for etomidate can be excluded. PMID- 7377533 TI - [Etomidate and suxamethonium. The duration of relaxation and pseudocholinesterase activity. A clinical experimental study (author's transl)]. AB - In ten health volunteers general anaesthesia was induced with etomidate (0.3 mg per kg body weight) and continued with NWO/O2 inhalation. Together with etomidate, suxamethonium (1.5 mg per kg body weight) was given simultaneously and the same dose reinjected as soon as the original muscle tone had returned completely. At equal intervals after the first and second injection the pseudocholinesterase was spectrophotometrically measured. No significant alteration of the enzyme activity was detectable at any time. Etomidate therefore does not inhibit the pseudocholinesterase. The two phases of relaxation were registered with the "finger-twitch" method and their duration compared. Etomidate did not prolong the time of relaxation after suxamethonium. PMID- 7377535 TI - [History of the early acute R.D.S. and description of a method to improve immediate postmortem fixation of the lung (author's transl)]. AB - A technique for immediate lung fixation on patients who die of ARDS is described. The advantages compared to the selective needle biopsy, the transthoracic circumscript fixation and the lung fixation organ removal are: 1. functional anatomical proportions are kept, 2. Artefact mainly caused by autolysis is avoided, 3. Simple performance and low costs. The results obtained with the described technique are presented. It is demonstrated that the changes in the initial shock phase correlate well with the pattern of its distribution. These changes are not uniform. Therefore we feel that the results with biopsy are somewhat doubtful. PMID- 7377536 TI - Analysis of mammalian DNA for the presence of carcinogen-induced phosphotriesters: application of the technique of difference sedimentation. PMID- 7377538 TI - An improved method for the detection and preservation of urease activity in polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 7377537 TI - Determination of 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic and alpha-ketoglutaramic acids in human cerebrospinal fluid by gas chromatography. PMID- 7377539 TI - Effects of cations, sugars, detergents, sulfhydryl compounds, and cryoprotective agents on the colorimetric determination of N-acetylglucosamine by the method of Reissig. PMID- 7377540 TI - A simplified radioenzymatic assay for dihydrofolate reductase using [3H]dihydrofolate. PMID- 7377541 TI - A computer program for displaying two-dimensional gel electrophoresis data. PMID- 7377542 TI - Preparation and characterization of 3-azido-2,7-naphthalene disulfonate: a photolabile fluorescent precursor useful as a hydrophilic surface probe. PMID- 7377543 TI - Double-labeling and high precision comparison of complex protein patterns on two dimensional polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 7377544 TI - A continuous spectrophotometric assay for the determination of cellulase solubilizing activity. PMID- 7377545 TI - A centrifugal column assay for thymidylate synthetase using the active site titrant 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. PMID- 7377546 TI - A simple electronic apparatus for the analysis of radioactively labeled gel electrophoretograms. PMID- 7377547 TI - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase: degradation of product due to contaminant in acetone. PMID- 7377548 TI - Metal contaminants in commercial preparations of nucleotides. PMID- 7377549 TI - Hydrostatically balanced gradient-formers: programming of gradients. PMID- 7377550 TI - Leydig cell function and morphology in the rat testis after exposure to heat. AB - Leydig cell function, as judged from testosterone concentrations in plasma and in testicular tissue after LH stimulation, was tested in adult rat testes 4 days after brief exposure of the scrotum to 33 degrees and 43 degrees C, respectively. There was no significant difference in basal plasma testosterone concentrations between the two groups of rats but the response to LH stimulation was significantly depressed in rats exposed to 43 decrees C. Morphological examination of the Leydig cells showed an accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of the testes exposed to 43 degrees C, indicating a disturbed steroidogenesis. The spermatogenetic arrest seen after heat treatment of the rat testis is discussed in relation to the present finding of impaired Leydig cell function. PMID- 7377551 TI - Observations on the motility, ultrastructure and elemental composition of human spermatozoa incubated with caffeine. PMID- 7377552 TI - [On the significance of Solcoseryl on fertility. 1. The effect of Solcoseryl on sperm motility in vitro]. AB - The effect of different Solcoseryl (Solco, Basel, Switzerland) concentrations on the motility of human sperm were tested on 37 ejaculates taken from two subject groups. Altogether 111 motility studies were performed using the eosine vitality test. In view of the considerable variations associated with motility tests, Solcoseryl appeared to have no effect on sperm motility in the majority of cases in group 1. The observed improvement in motility (20%) was countered by still greater motility losses (27%). The results, obtained by studies on selected asthenospermia (group 2) are different, however: the 26% increase in motility was opposed to a motility loss of only 17%. A Solcoseryl concentration of 50% was found to have the best effects on motility. A general rise in sperm motility by means of Solcoseryl cannot be considered, although tests would appear advisable in isolated instances. Solcoseryl may be a valuable protective resuspension agent for insemination purposes. PMID- 7377553 TI - Effect of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor Pentoxyfylline on human sperm motility. AB - Tyrode fluid and Tyrode fluid plus Pentoxifylline were individually added to aliquots of semen samples obtained from 6 normal men and 6 infertile patients considered to have idiopathic normogonadotropic oligoasthenozoospermia. Pentoxifylline was added to final concentrations of 0.15, 0.30 and 0.60 mM. One aliquot with no addition served as control. Samples were incubated in 37 degrees C and observed by light microscopy at 30 minutes and at 1, 2 and 4 hours after obtaining the material. At observation time, semen quality was evaluated by determining the percentages of forwardly progressive spermatozoa, slowly progressive spermatozoa, "in situ" motile spermatozoa, live and non-motile spermatozoa and dead spermatozoa. Results reported included only the first and last category. Tyrode fluid did not affect significantly the motility and the duration of activity of spermatozoa. Ejaculated human spermatozoa both from normal and asthenozoospermic men added the Pentoxifylline at 0.30 and 0.60 mM showed a longer lasting activity than those of control semen and semen added only with Tyrode fluid. PMID- 7377554 TI - [Protein composition of human sperm from oligozoo-, teratozoo-, asthenozoo- and azoospermia]. AB - The amino acid analysis of seminalplasma and spermatozoa shows for the different andrological diagnoses that the predominant amino acids were aspartic--and glutamic acid, serine, glycine and lysine. Analytical data indicate that there were differences between plasma and spermatozoa for a lot of amino acids. No differences in the protein composition of the ejaculates were found between the various groups of andrological diagnoses. PMID- 7377555 TI - Levels of inhibin in human semen and accessory reproductive organs. AB - Levels of inhibin in the seminal plasma of oligozoospermic and normozoospermic semen and normal human accessory reproductive organs were estimated using specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA). Seminal inhibin content showed a positive correlation (r = 0.827) with the sperm concentration. Further, in the human accessory reproductive organs, prostate showed maximum content of inhibin as compared to the seminal vesicle and the epididymis. PMID- 7377556 TI - [Andrological-gynecological cooperation. (Report on interdisciplinary collaboration for the care of involuntarily childless couples after introduction of the gynecological examination form developed by C. Schirren and H.J. Lindemann]. AB - 471 gynecological examination forms (Schirren and Lindemann 1972) were distributed to andrological patients in 1977. 157 were returned by the attending gynecologists (33,3%), and evaluated. Basal temperature was taken in 114 patients (72,6% of the returned forms), in 41 of them primarily monophasic cycles were found (26.1% of the ret. forms). Basal temperature was not taken in 43 patients or there were no statements (27,4% of the ret. forms). The postcoital test was performed in 24 patients (15,2% of the ret. forms), being pathological in 6 of them. Examinatio of tubal patency (Pertubation, hysterosalpingography, and pelviscopy) was performed in 69 patients. (43,9% of the ret. forms). 3 women had a tubal obstruction. (1.9% of the ret. forms). Altogether the results show good disposition to further productive andrologic-gynecological cooperation. PMID- 7377557 TI - Motility, vitality and percentages of morphologically abnormal forms of human spermatozoa in relation to sperm counts. AB - The present work was designed to study the proportions of motile and vital sperms as well as of various types of morphologically defective spermatozoa in both normozoospermic and oligozoospermic human semens, aiming at examining whether with the decrease in sperm counts there is a predilection of certain pathologies of these cells. It was found that, generally, the percentages of non-motile and non-vital spermatozoa and of all abnormal forms examined increase with the degree of oligozoospermia. However, no predilection of particular forms could be observed. It is suggested that morphological abnormalities of spermatozoa could be only a partial expression of pathological processes involved in fertility disorders and that the number of biologically defective spermatozoa may be higher than that assessed by routine laboratory techniques. PMID- 7377558 TI - [Buprenorphine. Haemodynamic study (author's transl)]. AB - Haemodynamic effects of intravenous buprenorphine 3 microgram/kg were studied on nine subjects. Subjects were under controlled ventilation, and had a radial cannula and a Swan-Ganz catheter. Heart rate slowed up, from 109 +/- 23 to 96 +/- 18 at the 90th minute (p less than 0.02), and remained slightly depressed at the 4th hour. Mean arterial blood pressure fell from 91 +/- 17 to 82 +/- 18 mm Hg (p less than 0.001): the difference remained statistically significant until the 3th hour. Cardiac index fell from 4.16 +/- 0.67 to 3.55 +/- 0.63 l/mn/m2 at the 60th minute (p less than 0.001). Thus the haemodynamic effects of buprenorphine exist but are light. PMID- 7377559 TI - [Chlormetiazole in anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - The use of a vitamin derivate (chlormethiazole) in anaesthesia. Owing to its hypnotic properties and its wide margin of safety, "chlormethiazole" (a derivate of vitamin B1) was used in 30 patients which underwent varying surgical procedures. Since the drug exhibits no analgetic effect, fentanyl was added to maintain a sufficient depth of anesthesia. The patients were artificially ventilated with N2O/O2 at a rate of 3/1. Chlormethiazole, even when used in large doses (2400 mg) over a long period of time (5 hours was well tolerated. The technique therefore offers another opportunity to replace droperidol in classical neuroleptanaesthesia, which is often the cause for uncomfortable neurovegetative side-effects in the post-operative period. PMID- 7377560 TI - [The tracheal intubation of children suffering from congenital cranio-facial anomalies. Pre-operative anticipation of its technical problems (author's transl)]. AB - In order to anticipate the technical problems of the tracheal intubation of children suffering from congenital cranio-facial anomalies, the authors suggest, in addition to the routine examination of the nasal and buccal cavities, different clinical and radiological measurements such as mandible angle, maxillo pharyngeal angle and the mouth opening. These parameters explore the extent of the mandibular asymmetry and hypoplasia, the limits of the mouth opening and the cervical spine extension. Three data are reported, showing the interest of the scheme of examination proposed. PMID- 7377561 TI - [Anesthesia and postoperative care in reconstructive surgery of cranio-facial dysmorphias in children (about 100 cases) (author's transl)]. AB - Hundred cases of anesthesia for surgery in craniofacial dysmorphias in children are reported. 40 children were below 2 years of age, 14 were 2-5 years old and 46 were 5 to 15 years old. Surgery was of 3-12 hours duration (mean: 5 h 30). The type of anesthesia given was either a neuroleptanalgesia or a narconeuroleptanalgesia. Per- and post-operative intensive cares are discussed. 7 complications occurred during surgery, 11 complications occurred during the post operative course: the origin of those complications is discussed as well as their treatment. PMID- 7377563 TI - [Head-injured child: neuro-surgical anesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - Our first care when anesthetizing a child having a head injury treated by neurosurgery is to preserve a correct blood perfusion pressure, by using anesthetic agents without vasodilator potency and to control cerebral oedema. The most suitable anesthetic agents are thiopentone, dextromoramide or fentanyl, diazepam and pancuronium. Artificial ventilation is used nearly systematically trying to obtain mild hypocapnia (PaCO2:30-35 Hg pH 7.45) inducing a benefic cerebral vasoconstriction. About the antiedematous agents, mannitol gives best results in case of emergency. PMID- 7377562 TI - [Craniofacial dysostosis and hypertelorism. Per- and postoperative problems: cerebral decompression, traction on eyeballs, per- and postoperative hemorrhages, maintenance of temperature, selective complications]. PMID- 7377564 TI - [Severe head-injury of the child. Medical treatment (author's transl)]. AB - The child with a severe head injury requires a three component's treatment: against cerebral edema, against restlessness and vegetative trouble, against shock in case of scalp-hemorrage or attendant traumatism. As there is no agreement neither about the treatment of cerebral edema nor that of sedative treatment, we continue to use systematically artificial ventilation, sometimes corticoids, rarely mannitol. Decerebration is treated by a lytic coktail enclosing always diazepam and in case of failure, sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate. PMID- 7377565 TI - [The impairing head-injured child (author's transl)]. AB - Among 1,572 cases of children's head injuries, we have noted in 9 p. cent a secundary impairment of the neurological condition. 1) After a lucid interval, an intracranial hematoma (4 p. cent), much more after extradural than subdural, it can suddenly break out. Bradycardia and anemia are very evocative of it. 2) Without a real lucid interval (0.8 p. cent) the diagnosis of cortical contusion with oedema is settled after having eliminated an hematoma. 3) The so called baby's hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia syndrome (4.2 p. cent) is very particular in itself and its favorable evolution. In conclusion, clinical survey goes first. In emergency further investigations take place on account of the clinical findings: skull-X ray, carotid angiography and CT-Scanner. PMID- 7377566 TI - [Pediatric head injuries. Observations in pediatric surgery. 1,019 cases (author's transl)]. AB - For 5 years, 1,019 children with head injury have been admitted in pediatric surgery. More often the patient is a boy one to five years old. 8.9 p. cent of the children had one or more other body injury. A skull fracture was found in 23 p. cent of the cases without influence on the evolutivity but a repeated clinical examination is necessary. For all head injuries an E.E.G. study is necessary. In 93.5 p. cent of the children the clinical findings allowed to said that head injury was "benign". PMID- 7377568 TI - [Respiratory failure during Ogilvie's syndrom (author's transl)]. AB - About two cases of "Ogilvie's syndrom" so called colonic ileus or acute idiopathic dilatation of the colon, in patients with chronic bronchitis, the authors discuss the possibility of this etiology like respiratory failure. A rapid colonic decompression is necessary to prevent cecal perforation. PMID- 7377567 TI - [Congenital deficiency of factor XI: diagnosis and therapy in surgical patients (author's transl)]. AB - Factor XI deficiency has to be diagnosed preoperatively since it may be symptomless until revealed by bleeding after surgical procedures. Replacement therapy prior to operation is advocated and its management defined; because the effects of plasma infusion on factor XI level are not constant and because of the wide variation in the half life of infused factor, it is strongly advised that regular measurement should be made when possible. Ovariectomy in a factor XI deficient patient was carried out with correct haemostasis. PMID- 7377571 TI - Effects of enflurane on functionally skinned myocardial fibers from rabbits. AB - Enflurance, at clinical concentrations, decreases the contractility of isolated intact cardiac muscle. The authors investigated the intracellular mechanism(s) of this depression by examining the Ca2+ activation of the contractile proteins and Ca2+ uptake and release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) using functionally skinned fibers from right ventricular papillary muscle of rabbits. This preparation permits control of intracellular ionic composition (pH 7.0, 20 C). The [Ca2+]--tension relationship and caffeine-induced tension transient (as a measure of the amount of Ca2+ release) were analyzed. Enflurane significantly but only slightly depressed the maximum Ca2+-activated tension (10 per cent decrease at 5 per cent enflurane) and did not change the [Ca2+] required for half-maximal activation of the fibers. In contrast, enflurane markedly inhibited the Ca2+ uptake by the SR (30-85 per cent decrease at 2.5-7.5 per cent enflurane). The inhibition was dose-dependent. Ca2+ release from the SR with 25 mM caffeine was not changed at low concentrations of enflurane (1-5 per cent), but was decreased at high concentration (25 per cent decrease at 7.5 per cent enflurane). Enflurane (1-7.5 per cent), however, increased (13-44 per cent) the submaximum caffeine (2 mM)-induced Ca2+ release from the SR, and the effect was not dose-dependent. The aforementioned effects were reversible. These results are similar to those previously reported for halothane. It is concluded that enflurane may induce myocardial depression mainly by inhibiting Ca2+ uptake by the SR. PMID- 7377569 TI - [Hysteria: an etiology of post-operative accident (author's transl)]. AB - Hysteria can explain some immediate post-operative accidents. We report some cases observed during these late years; all were troublesome for the anesthesiologist. PMID- 7377570 TI - [Hydroelectrolytic resuscitation in the burn patient. Value of colloids]. PMID- 7377572 TI - Urinary antidiuretic hormone excretion during mechanical ventilation and weaning in man. AB - The authors measured antidiuretic hormone (ADH) excretion and renal and cardiovascular function in eight patients with flail chest during four ventilatory conditions: continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), spontaneous breathing with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and spontaneous breathing (SB). Each condition was maintained for six to eight days. ADH excretion was significantly greater during CPPV (181 +/- 14 ng/24 h, mean +/- SE) than during IPPV (86 +/- 10), CPAP (181 +/- 14 ng/24 h, mean +/- 6). Free-water clearance was more negative during mechanical ventilation than during CPAP and SB, resulting in significant fluid retention during CPPV and IPPV (440 +/- 88 and 547 +/- 70 ml/day) and a negative water balance during SB (-154 +/- 80 ml/day). Arterial and central venous pressures and cardiac output (measured in four patients) did not change significantly among ventilatory conditions. It is concluded that ADH excretion is increased during CPPV, and this could represent one possible mechanism of water retention with this type of ventilation. PMID- 7377573 TI - Selective breeding alters murine resistance to nitrous oxide without alteration in synaptic membrane lipid composition. AB - A normal population of mice was separated into two groups with reproducibly high (greater than 1.63 atm) or reproducibly low (less than 1.29 atm) nitrous oxide requirements. Males (n = 4) and females (n = 5) with the reproducibly high anesthetic requirements were mated, as were males (n = 4) and females (n = 3) with the reproducibly low anesthetic requirements. The first-generation offspring from parents with the high anesthetic requirements had a higher nitrous oxide ED50 (concentration of nitrous oxide required to abolish the righting reflex in half of the animals) than did offspring from parents with the low anesthetic requirements. Mice with the lowest and the highest anesthetic requirements in the first generation were bred to give the second generation. By repeating this process of breeding, nitrous oxide ED50 testing, and selection of mice with the highest and lowest anesthetic requirements through five generations, the authors were able to breed two groups of mice separated by approximately 0.5 atm in nitrous oxide requirements. This alteration in anesthetic requirement could not be explained by an altered synaptic membrane lipid composition, since no significant difference in synaptic membrane phospholipid, fatty acid, or cholesterol compositions could be detected in the two groups of mice with high and low anesthetic requirements. PMID- 7377575 TI - Anesthetic management of whole-body hyperthermia for the treatment of cancer. PMID- 7377576 TI - Effects of nitrous oxide and fentanyl anesthesia on fetal heart-rate variability intra- and postoperatively. PMID- 7377574 TI - Antagonism of nitrous oxide analgesia by naloxone in man. AB - The possible reversal of nitrous oxide analgesia by naloxone was investigated. Two studies were conducted in 21 healthy male subjects, who responded to ischemic pain produced by tourniquet applied to the upper arm for 15 min, while breathing air or nitrous oxide, 33 per cent. Using a double-blind procedure, the subjects received intravenous injections of naloxone and saline solution on different days. In eight subjects, naloxone, 8 mg, administered without nitrous oxide, had no effect on pain report. However, unlike saline solution, naloxone, 8 mg, decreased significantly the analgesia induced by nitrous oxide. In 13 subjects, naloxone, 4 mg, also decreased significantly the effect of nitrous oxide analgesia in comparison with saline solution. Naloxone showed its reversal effect mainly on sensory response rating obtained during the painful stages of ischemia, between 11 and 15 min. The results suggest that analgesia induced by nitrous oxide may be partly related to the opiate receptor--endorphin system in man. PMID- 7377578 TI - Variability in assessment of neuromuscular blockade. PMID- 7377577 TI - Pseudocholinesterase levels and rates of chloroprocaine hydrolysis in patients receiving adequate doses of phospholine iodide. PMID- 7377579 TI - Ipsilateral mydriasis following carotid-artery puncture during attempted cannulation of the internal jugular vein. PMID- 7377580 TI - Dextrose affects gravitational spread of epidural anesthesia. AB - Chloroprocaine, 0.5 per cent, with physiologic saline solution, has a specific gravity of 1.007 and a osmolarity of 283 mOsm/l, which increase to a specific gravity of 1.025 and an osmolarity of 542 mOsm/l when chloroprocaine is prepared in dextrose, 5 per cent. Chloroprocaine, 2.7 per cent, shows similar increases in specific gravity and osmolarity with dextrose 5 per cent. The highest sensory anesthesia level attained in pregnant patients following epidural injection of 10 ml of each of these solutions was determined. Chloroprocaine in dextrose, 5 per cent, produced a significant lowering of the highest sensory anesthesia level attained, compared with solutions to which dextrose was not added. PMID- 7377581 TI - Cardiac arrest following rapid drainage of cerebrospinal fluid in a patient with hydrocephalus. PMID- 7377582 TI - Testing of a new in-line blood warmer. PMID- 7377583 TI - An unusual malfunction of an anesthetic machine. PMID- 7377585 TI - Another method for distinguishing arterial from venous puncture. PMID- 7377584 TI - Successful central venous catheter placement from peripheral subcutaneous veins in children. PMID- 7377587 TI - Pulmonary aspiration following antacid therapy. PMID- 7377586 TI - pH average rebuttal. PMID- 7377588 TI - Avoiding complications during jet ventilation. PMID- 7377589 TI - Ionized calcium concentration on Q-T intervals. PMID- 7377590 TI - Preoperative stellate-ganglion blockade to prevent hypertension following coronary-artery operations. PMID- 7377591 TI - More on the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of muscle relaxants. PMID- 7377593 TI - Changes in venous admixture with alterations of inspired oxygen concentration. AB - To assess the change in venous admixture during breathing of 100 per cent oxygen (FIO2 1.0), shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) was calculated at a maintenance FIO2 (FIO2m:0.27--0.70) and at FIO2 1.0 in 40 studies of 34 patients with acute respiratory failure. At FIO2 1.0 Qs/Qt increased in 26 studies, but did not increase in 14 studies. Patients in whom Qs/Qt increased during breathing of oxygen and mild respiratory failure, as indicated by low Qs/Qt values at FI02m and a low incidence of diffuse parenchymal infiltrates on chest roentgenograms. All patients who had recently had cardiovascular surgical procedures were in this group. Respiratory failure was more severe in those in whom Qs/Qt decreased with oxygen, as indicated by high Qs/Qt values at FIO2m, evidence of diffuse pulmonary disease by roentgenography, and signs of adult respiratory distress syndrome. The authors conclude that changes in Qs/Qt in response to FIO2 1.0 in acute respiratory failure are related to the severity of respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 7377594 TI - Time-dependent increase in sensitivity to d-tubocurarine during enflurane anesthesia in man. PMID- 7377592 TI - Halothane-induced hepatic necrosis in triiodothyronine-pretreated rats. AB - Hepatic centrilobular necrosis developed in rats pretreated with triiodothyronine (T3) and then anesthetized with halothane, 1 per cent, for two hours at an ambient oxygen concentration. Increasing oxygen concentrations decreased the severity of the lesion, there being a significantly (P less than 0.05) less severe lesion with oxygen, 99 per cent, as compared with 21 per cent. Pretreatment with phenobarbital alone resulted in hepatic necrosis only when hypoxia (FIO2 0.14) was also present, and there was no significant worsening of the T3-induced lesion when phenobarbital was added at any oxygen concentration studied. However, the lesion produced by T3 and oxygen, 14 per cent, was significantly worse than the lesion produced by phenobarbital and oxygen, 14 per cent. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) was significantly elevated to 776 (+/- 226) U/1 in the T3-treated rats (10 mg/kg/day, orally) immediately after halothane anesthesia. There was a significant decrease in glutathione to 1.48 (+/ 0.06) mg/g liver 24 hours after T3 administration (1 mg/kg subcutaneously for five days), but no further decrease with continued T3 pretreatment or with halothane anesthesia. Pretreatment with T3 caused a significant decrease in cytochrome P-450 to 0.41 (+/- 0.01) nmol/mg microsomal protein, and halothane anesthesia caused a further significant decrease to 0.27 (+/- 0.04) nmol/mg microsomal protein. The mechanism for the hepatic toxicity of halothane in this model remains to be determined. PMID- 7377595 TI - Chloroprocaine vs. bupivacaine for lumbar epidural analgesia for elective cesarean section. AB - The incidence and degree of hypotension, time to establish surgical analgesia, and several other maternal and fetal variables were studied when 2 chloroprocaine, 3 per cent, and bupivacaine, 0.5 per cent, were used for epidural analgesia in 30 women undergoing elective cesarean section. Surgical analgesia occurred 8 min sooner (P less than 0.001) with chloroprocaine (14 +/- 1 min) than with bupivacaine (22 +/- 2 min). Blood pressure values were significantly lower with chloroprocaine than with bupivacaine during the 18--to-32 min interval after local anesthetic injection, while pulse rates were higher (P less than 0.05) at 18, 20, and 22 min. Hypotension necessitating treatment with ephedrine occurred in 33 per cent of chloroprocaine-treated subjects, compared with 13 per cent of those receiving bupivacaine. Newborn outcome was excellent in both groups, as reflected by umbilical vessel blood-gas values, times to sustained respiration, and 5-min Apgar scores. The authors conclude that chloroprocaine disturbs maternal cardiovascular status more than does bupivacaine when used for cesarean section epidural analgesia. However, chloroprocaine can be employed safely in normal pregnancies if maternal hypotension is corrected rapidly. PMID- 7377597 TI - Contamination of an anesthesia system with liquid halothane. PMID- 7377600 TI - Epidural block in obstetrics followed by aseptic meningoencephalitis. PMID- 7377598 TI - Ultrasonic localization of the lumbar epidural space. PMID- 7377596 TI - Stellate ganglion block using physiologic saline solution. PMID- 7377599 TI - Intravenously administered lidocaine prevents intracranial hypertension during endotracheal suctioning. PMID- 7377601 TI - Human cardiovascular responses to endotracheal intubation during morphine--N2O and fentanyl--N2O anesthesia. PMID- 7377602 TI - The first endotracheal intubation. PMID- 7377604 TI - Preoperative invasive monitoring and coronary-artery disease. PMID- 7377603 TI - A halothane-abuse fatality. PMID- 7377606 TI - Patient acceptance of orally administered antacid therapy during labor. PMID- 7377605 TI - Hypertension following nitroprusside. PMID- 7377607 TI - Ketamine and paralysis agitans. PMID- 7377609 TI - [Effect of fluorothane and pentrane on the dynamics of fat and carbohydrate metabolic indices]. PMID- 7377608 TI - [Effect of neuroleptanalgesia preparations and succinylcholine derivatives on human blood serum cholinesterase]. PMID- 7377610 TI - [Method of performing morphine anesthesia on cardiac surgery patients]. PMID- 7377612 TI - [Method of registering the galvanic skin reactions, its importance and the potentials in clinical anesthesiology]. PMID- 7377611 TI - [Thalamonal-seduxen anesthesia with artificial pulmonary ventilation in ophthalmic surgery on children]. PMID- 7377613 TI - [Anatomical and experimental justification of pre- and paratracheal novocaine blocks of the aortic-cardiac and pulmonary neural plexuses in children]. PMID- 7377615 TI - [Automated processing of the results of external respiratory function study using a minicomputer]. PMID- 7377616 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the erythrocyte morphofunctional state in open-heart operations under hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 7377617 TI - [Local neurostimulating electroanalgesia]. PMID- 7377614 TI - [Debatable questions in the treatment of surgical hemorrhage]. PMID- 7377618 TI - [Method of choice for an adequate circulating blood volume in the postperfusion period]. PMID- 7377620 TI - [Effect of the makeup and volume of the transfusion media on the course of human traumatic shock]. PMID- 7377619 TI - [Electrical parameters, bioelectrical activity, water-electrolyte balance and the ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex in the postresuscitation period]. PMID- 7377622 TI - [Changes in the central hemodynamics and homeostasis indices during lung operations]. PMID- 7377621 TI - [Dynamics of the ECG spectral characteristics during the development of ventricular fibrillation]. PMID- 7377623 TI - [Acute toxoplasmosis outbreak in rabbit flocks]. AB - Acute toxoplasmosis occurred in 2-18 month old domestic rabbits of 15 flocks entailing losses of 3-66%. Pathomorphological examinations of 49 rabbits revealed lesions of a generalized granulomatous-necrotizing toxoplasmosis with spleen, liver, lungs and lymphonodes mainly affected. Similarities existed to pseudotuberculosis. The spleen was massively packed with pseudocysts and cysts of Toxoplasma. Electronmicroscopic examinations of organ specimens fixed in formalin assured the identity of Toxoplasma and serological tests (CFT, SFT, IFAT) as well as the mouse test confirmed it. PMID- 7377624 TI - [Evaluation of helminth intradermal tests in comparison to coproovoscopic surveys]. AB - 1600 subjects connected with mining were divided into 6 groups and examined because of intestinal parasites. There were: surface miners underground miners, retired miners and two groups of school-children up to 14 years old and from 14 17 years old, and persons not connected with the miners' work. The one control group consisted of 150 persons with negative coproscopical investigations, the other consisted of 112 persons, who were clinically healthy. The coproscopical investigations, morphological (eosinophil) and intradermal tests were made with the antigens Ascaris lumbricoides, Echinococcus granulosus, Cysticercus cellulosae, Taeniarhynchus saginatus and Trichinella spiralis. 214 persons (13.37%) were infected. The infestation with Enterobius vermicularis and Ascaris lumbricoides (about 96%) was prevailing. Eosinophily varied between 5-7% and was found in 111 persons (6.3%). Most positive intradermal tests with Ascaris lumbricoides antigen were confirmed in the group of patients infected with Ascaris lumbricoides (97%). Some cross-reactions were confirmed. The heaviest infestation with parasites was found out with the underground workers. The results of the coproscopical investigations were mostly similar to the results of the intradermal tests. PMID- 7377625 TI - [Differential diagnosis of cysticerci of Taenia hydatigena and hydatids of Echinococcus granulosus]. AB - In combined infestations of pig by hydatids as well as larvae of Taenia hydatigena macroscopic and histological differences were stated which are of great importance for differential diagnosis of these two infestations in veterinary practice. PMID- 7377626 TI - Schistosoma haematobium infection in the white mouse--histopathological and histochemical studies. AB - Mice were infected with 1000 Schistosoma haematobium cercariae (Egyptian strain). Histopathological and histochemical studies were performed on the different organs, during the first four weeks after infection and on the fourth week after oviposition. Pathological changes during early prepatency matched with those in S. mansoni infection. Eggs were laid in aggregates in the colon and liver. They initiated the development of typical granulomatous lesions. Abundant bilharzial pigment and areas of sclerosis were present in both liver and spleen. The heart, kidneys and urinary bladder were pathologically free. Disturbed succinic dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase enzyme levels were detected which point to a derangement in the functions of the cell organelles. PMID- 7377627 TI - [Description of the female of a new Didymoizoidae: Gonapodasmius microovatus spec. nov]. AB - In Megalaspis cordyla (L.) (Perciformes, Carangidae) from the Gulf of Aden Gonapodasmius microovatus spec. nov., a trematode of the family Didymozoidae is parasitizing in the body cavity. The only preserved specimen is a mature female. Description and differential diagnose is given together with a key of determination for the genus, also a review of the geographical distribution and the fish hosts of the species of the genus Gonapodasmius. PMID- 7377629 TI - [Mass rearing of the Pharoah's ant Monomorium pharaonis]. AB - New techniques for the mass rearing of the Pharaoh's ant (Monomorium pharaonis) are described. The basic idea in doing this is the enlargement of the surface of the rearing containers in order to guarantee the lapse of normal behaviour such as the search for food and recruitment. The rearing container is an aquarium inside of which a great number of levels of glass are located, which are connected with each other. The watering of the colonies is effected by wet cotton wool in petridishes in the lower parts of the rearing devices. A transposition of the colonies in intervals of 6 to 8 months is recommended. A dispersation method of great colonies to small and physiologically equal laboratory colonies is described. A further mass rearing device allowes a strong enlargement of the surface of normal rearing dishes of 20 to 30 cm in diameter. The basic principle consists in the setting into each other of separate dishes. To prevent an outbreak from these rearing containers the walls are prepared with residues of talcum powder. The methods and devices mentioned make it possible to produce great masses of experimental material under constant control of the developmental status at low costs and little need of space. PMID- 7377628 TI - Some aspects of the ultrastructure of Gotocotyla secunda and Hexostoma euthynni. AB - The ultrastructure of the spermatozoon, the protonephridia, the intestine and the tegument of Gotocotyla secunda (Monogenea, Gotocotylidae) and of the intestine of Hexostoma euthynni (Monogenea, Hexostomatidae) is described. The "connecting cells" in the intestine of at least some Monogenea show secretory activity and are possibly involved in extracellular digestion. Sloughing of whole haematin cells appears to be common and may be an important component in the digestive process. Flame cells appear to be a very conservative element and their more or less identical structure in all major groups of parasitic platyhelminths indicates that parasitic platyhelminths have originated from one or a few closely related groups of freeliving Turbellaria with the same type of flame cell. PMID- 7377630 TI - Vasoactive intra-arterial therapy in peripheral occlusive arterial disease (with follow-up after 6.5 years). AB - After a review of the history of intra-arterial treatment, our personal experience with a complex treatment of 900 cases of arteriopathy of the lower extremities is reported. The conservative treatment includes stopping smoking, plus diet, exercise, B and C vitamins, and administration of 1% xylocaine (lidocaine) in the femoral arteries. Antibiotics are added in patients with trophic lesions. When treatment is followed regularly, a great increase in walking distance and healing of acral lesions can be expected. Many amputations have been prevented. Even in patients in whom the femoral artery can be found only with Doppler ultrasonography, the results are gratifying. PMID- 7377631 TI - Ability of the R-wave change during stress testing to accurately detect coronary disease in the presence of left bundle branch block at rest. AB - The treadmill stress test and antiographic records of 18 patients with left bundle block on resting ECG were reviewed retrospectively. Thirteen of the patients had significant coronary artery disease defined as greater than or equal to 70% cross-sectional narrowing of one or more vessels, while 5 patients were hemodynamically and angiographically normal. The R-wave and ST-segment response to exercise were determined in each case and compared. A positive R-wave response was an exercise-induced increase or no change in amplitude over the baseline level, while a positive ST-segment response was greater than or equal to 2 mm of excerise-induced depression over the baseline level. The sensitivity for the R wave response was 69% (9 of 13), the specificity was 100% (5 of 5), and the predictive value was 100% (9 of 9). For ST depression these values were 46% (6 of 13), 40% (2 of 5)8 and 67% (6 of 9). Although the number of patients in this study is small--a reflection of the fact that ST depression in the presence of left bundle branch block with exercise is associated with many false positive responses and hence less referral for stress testing--it appears that the R-wave response to exercise in the presence of left bundle branch block can accurately detect coronary artery disease. PMID- 7377633 TI - Pharmacologic vasodilation. PMID- 7377636 TI - Vasoactive effects of furosemide. PMID- 7377632 TI - Factors influencing the diagnostic sensitivity of the exercise test in coronary artery disease. AB - A continuous multistage bicycle ergometer test was performed on 50 patients with coronary artery disease. Selective cinecoronary angiography and left ventriculography were performed within a week of the test in all patients. Overall, 62% had a positive ischemic response, defined as 1 mm or greater depression of the ST segment. Patients with 75% or greater stenosis in any vessel and those with triple-vessel involvement had a higher incidence of positive tests. Those with low systolic ejection fractions and areas of asynergy had fewer positive tests than patients with normal ejection fractions and normal or minimal segmental wall motion abnormalities. The level of exercise, location of arterial disease and the presence of collateral blood supply to the diseased vessels did not appear to influence the sensitivity of the exercise stress test. PMID- 7377635 TI - Inhibitory effect of Urografin 76 on platelet function and thrombus formation in vascular catheters. AB - The effect of Urografin 76 on platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in vascular catheter was studied. In vitro experiments revealed that ADP-, epinephrine-, and collagen-induced platelet aggregation was significantly inhibited by Urografin 76 in concentrations greater than 0.3, 1, and 5% respectively. Rabbits that received 10 ml of Urografin 76 demonstrated a transient decrease in platelet aggregation for at least 3 minutes. Urografin 76 was apparently more effective than saline in preventing blood clot formation. PMID- 7377634 TI - Diagnostic performance of segmental plethysmography and Doppler ultrasound in obliterating vascular diseases in the lower limbs. AB - The diagnostic value of three noninvasive techniques was evaluated in a group of 100 "normal" and 100 "abnormal" limbs. The choice of segmental plethysmography, systolic pressure determination, and Doppler velocity curve was based on the fact that these methods are noninvasive, inexpensive, and atraumatic; they can easily be performed by paramedical personnel. There was a statistically significant difference between the ankle-to-arm systolic blood pressure ratio of normals and abnormals as measured by Doppler ultrasound with 0.96 as the dividing line, no false positives and only 11% false negatives were found. However, there was a large overlap for many parameters calculated from the velocity curve. The general morphological aspect of the velocity curve shows a better diagnostic performance than the calculated parameters of this curve: a monophasis curve had an 85% chance of being normal. The ankle segmental plethysmogram yielded only 5% false negatives, but 20% false positives; moreover, a biphasic curve has a 90% chance of being normal. Thus large-scale screening in clinical practice or in epidemiologic studies can best be done by Doppler pressure measurements; the velocity curve performs less satisfactorily. Segmental plethysmography is more sensitive, but it yields more false positive results. PMID- 7377639 TI - Treatment of hay fever with alum precipitated pyridine (Allpyral) ragweed pollen extracts--a clinical reappraisal. AB - This report reviews the results of prophylactic immunotherapy carried out on 105 ragweed hay fever patients treated for at least two years with an alum precipitated pyridine ragweed (Allpyral) extracts prepared from equal parts of low and giant ragweed pollen. Good or excellent clinical results were obtained in most patients with a minimum of reaction, notably constitutional ones, even when the interval between injections was quite prolonged. Seasonal asthma rarely occurred in the treated patients. In the author's opinion, the advantages offered by these extracts, notably their relative safety and at least equal clinical effectiveness, seem to warrant their preference over similar aqueous ragweed extracts currently employed or over attempted modifications of aqueous extracts. PMID- 7377638 TI - Stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes of children by influenza vaccine. AB - Cell cultures were performed with the blood of children, adults and umbilical cords in an examination of the effects of influenza vaccines. Commercially prepared whole virus vaccines containing swine +/- human virus antigens had a stimulatory effect upon peripheral blood lymphocytes of children but not adults. The stimulatory effect was shown to be retained by a fraction of whole influenza virus vaccine, but not subunit virus vaccine, is known to stimulation of blood lymphocytes by commercial subunit vaccines of either monovalent swine influenza or a trivalent composition. Immunization with whole influenza virus vaccine, but not subunit virus vaccine, is known to produce a high incidence of generalized reactions in children but not adults. The lymphocyte stimulation observed here may represent an in vitro counterpart of the in vivo reactions. PMID- 7377637 TI - Immunoglobulin levels in smokers and non-smokers. AB - Immunoglobulin levels were compared in smoking and non-smoking grain handlers and teachers. Mean IgC and IgM levels were significantly lower, and IgE levels were significantly higher, in the smokers than in the non-smokers. IgA levels were also lower but with the numbers studied not significantly so. IgD levels were unchanged. PMID- 7377640 TI - Compliance differences following administration of theophylline at six- and twelve-hour intervals. AB - This study evaluated the compliance differences between administration of theophylline at six- and 12-hour intervals in a pediatric outpatient population. Compliance was statistically better with the sustained release tablets than with the short acting tablets. PMID- 7377641 TI - Autoimmune antibodies in intrinsic (non-atopic) asthma. AB - Tests for autoimmune antibodies (AA) were carried out in 70 patients suffering from chronic obstructive disease of the airways and in 18 healthy subjects, who served as a control group. AA were found in 55% of the patients with intrinsic asthma as compared to 21% of those with extrinsic asthma, 25% of the patients with bronchitis and 16% of the healthy controls. The difference between the intrinsic and the other groups was found to be statistically significant (p less than 0.05 - less than 0.02). PMID- 7377642 TI - Food sensitivities, taste changes, aphthous ulcers and atopic symptoms in allergic disease. AB - Abnormalities in taste and buccal sensation, and production of abdominal symptoms, are associated with ingestion of specific foods by atopic individuals as shown by Food Sensitivity Analysis. Of 61 atopic patients all had abnormalities in buccal sensation and up to 87% related nausea or other abdominal symptoms to ingestion of specific foods. Eighty-two percent had positive skin tests to foods, 56% had a history of aphthous ulcers and 18% could associate development of the ulcers with ingestion of specific foods. Application of the responsible allergen to the ulcer base produced severe pain in these atopic patients. The patients with hay fever all had abnormalities of buccal sensation. Analysis of abnormalities in buccal sensation following consumption of food allergens appears to provide a sensitive discriminatory method for the identification of specific foods responsible for the multiple symptoms characterizing the allergic syndrome. PMID- 7377643 TI - Human basophil degranulation in dermatophagoides allergies: 93 cases. AB - In tests conducted on 93 subjects human basophil degranulation (HBD) with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) and Dermatophagoides farinae (DF), often involved in house dust allergy, were studied. The human basophil degranulation technique involves the enrichment of the circulating basophils of the patient allowing readings in the microscope on a fixed and colored slide and a count of at least 100 basophils, the minimum number necessary to give an adequate interpretation of the results. For each allergen dilution ratios of 100 microgram/ml, 10 microgram/ml and I microgram/ml were used. The degranulation was significant (p less than 0.001) for values higher than 35% (HBD positive). Out of 30 subjects with a positive skin test with DP, 27 had a positive HBD; no HBD was obtained in subjects with negative skin test (95% of concordance). With DF, out of 30 subjects the concordance reached the level of 86.6%. Contrary to previous work conducted on grass pollen extracts, no significant correlation was found between the skin test diameter and HBD. This might be due to the variable allergenic potency of the dermatophagoides extracts used for the skin tests. The HBD has now been confirmed as a simple and reliable technique for studying reaginic allergies. PMID- 7377644 TI - Decreased Fc and complement receptors on the phagocytes of asthmatic children. AB - Surface receptors of polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear phagocytes for Fc portions of immunoglobulins and complement were studied in 57 asthmatic children and 23 normal controls. Erythrocyte-antibody complexes (EA) were used to detect the Fc receptors and erythrocyte-antibody-complement complexes (EAC) to detect complement receptors. Both the mean percentages of PMN and monocyte with Fc and complement receptors of asthmatic children were significantly lower than those of normals. Moreover, in allergic patients both the numbers of PMN with Fc and complement receptors decreased significantly after incubation with allergen. PMID- 7377645 TI - [Rapid grouping of streptococci by latex agglutination after extraction with nitrous acid]. PMID- 7377646 TI - [P-450 cytochromes and mono-oxygenases. Mechanism of action. Consequences in pharmacology and toxicology (author's transl)]. AB - The mechanism of action of mono-oxygenases of the biotransformation system of exogenic compounds is described emphasising two characteristics which are at the root of the implications of this system in pharmacology and toxicology : its non specificity with regard to substrates and its great chemical reactivity. The consequences of the biotransformation of a drug (modulation of its therapeutic effect, appearance of noxious side-effects due to the formation of reactive metabolites) are illustrated by a few examples. Finally, the various mechanisms by which a drug may modify biotransformation and the effects of a second drug given in association, are analysed. PMID- 7377648 TI - Clinical psychology and psychotherapy: a survey of the present state of professionalization in 23 countries. PMID- 7377647 TI - The standardization of compliance procedures, or the mass production of ugly ducklings. PMID- 7377649 TI - Priorities for psychology in medical education and health care delivery. PMID- 7377651 TI - Prescription for reduction of aggression. PMID- 7377650 TI - Physiological, motivational, and cognitive effects of aircraft noise on children: moving from the laboratory to the field. PMID- 7377652 TI - Ceremonial occasions and mortality: a second look. PMID- 7377655 TI - Distribution of the vagus nerve to the stomach. AB - Examination of the distribution of vagus nerve fibers to the stomach in 100 cadavers revealed considerable individual variation. No single pattern shown in textbooks or published papers can be accepted as correct for all individuals. The variations encountered are discussed from the viewpoint of the surgeon who wishes to perform highly selective vagotomy. PMID- 7377657 TI - Carcinoma of the lung: five-year experience in a university hospital. AB - A review of 161 patients who underwent a curative surgical resection for carcinoma of the lung in a University Hospital during a five-year period is presented. Particular reference is made to importance of preoperative staging of lesions; the group of patients with Pancoast's tumor; the group of patients 70 years or older, and the group of patients with impaired pulmonary function. PMID- 7377653 TI - Clinical psychology and minority problems. PMID- 7377654 TI - Laterality and myth. PMID- 7377656 TI - The use of intravenous hydrochloric acid in the treatment of thirty-four patients with metabolic alkalosis. AB - Since 1972, 34 patients with refractory metabolic alkalosis have been treated with intravenous hydrochloric acid at the teaching hospitals of the Medical College of Georgia. Intravenous hydrochloric acid lacks some of the problems associated with alternative methods of therapy. The acid must always be given through a central vein, and its effects should be monitored closely. The use of intravenous hydrochloric acid is a safe, effective way of preventing the deleterious effcts of severe metabolic alkalosis. PMID- 7377659 TI - Steroids in heart surgery: a clinical double-blind and randomized study. AB - The role of steroids in heart surgery was assessed in a group of 95 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. The treated group (47 patients) received repeated doses (every six hours) of methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg IV) in a double blind, randomized fashion. The control group (48 patients) received a placebo in a fashion identical to the treated group. There were no significant (P less than 0.1) hemodynamic or biochemical differences between the control group and the patients receiving methylprednisolone. An improvement in survival was observed in the group receiving methylprednisolone. This finding cannot be explained with the data obtained from this study, in particular, when no other biochemical findings were improved. A more exhaustive hemodynamic and biochemical analysis is necessary to understand the subtle changes that are incurred with the use of steroids for heart surgery. PMID- 7377658 TI - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and peripheral pulmonary disease: the role of fluoroscopic control as a diagnostic aid. AB - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy combined with concomitant fluoroscopic control in 36 cases, permitted visual access to larger portions of the main tracheaobronchial tree as well as the peripheral pulmonary parenchyma. The overall diagnostic, (positive, suspicious) rate in the entire series of 36 cases was 85%. Using this technique, the diagnostic yield (positive or suspicious) was higher in diffuse pulmonary disease, (94%), than it was when a discrete peripheral pulmonary mass was present (73%). Twenty-two of the 36 patients (61%) were saved a formal diagnostic thoracotomy, a fact of extreme practical significance. PMID- 7377660 TI - Preliminary results with the use of expanded microporous polytetrafluoroethylene in vascular occlusive disease of the lower extremity. AB - The use of expanded microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a small arterial substitute has been increasing. In this study 22 patients, averaging 66 years of age, underwent femoral popliteal or femoral distal tibial bypass. Risk factors included 1) previous atherosclerotic heart disease in 52 per cent, 2) previous myocardial infarctions in 43 per cent, 3) hypertension in 33 per cent, 4) diabetes mellitus in 27 per cent, 5) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 14 per cent, and 6) previous cerebral vascular accident in 14 per cent. The initial 30-day patency rate was 81 per cent, with long-termpatency being 73 per cent. Average operative time was 2 3/4 hours, with 81 per cent of patients undergoing intraoperative arteriography. Follow-up ranges from three to 13 months. The average pre- and postoperative ankle pressures were 54 mmHg and 100 mmHg, respectively. Four patients with failed grafts required amputation. One patients with a patent graft required amputation for gangrene secondary to diabetes. Other complications included multiple toe amputations, two superficial wound infections, one perforated cecum, and one pulmonary embolus. The initial and long-term patency rates of 81 per cent and 73 per cent, respectively, compare favorably to previous studies using autogenous saphenous vein. This suggests that expanded PTFE may be the initial arterial prosthesis of choice in high-risk or elderly patients. Longer follow-up is needed to determine if it will be a satisfactory substitute for autogenous saphenous vein in routine elective bypass for lower extremity occlusive disease. PMID- 7377661 TI - Operative assessment of peritoneal-venous (Leveen) shunt catheter tip location. PMID- 7377663 TI - Use of antibiotics for prevention of Bacteroides fragilis wound sepsis in rats. AB - A Bacteroides fragilis wound sepsis model was developed in rats. Topical and parenteral administration of clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and carbenicillin were used prophylactically to eradicate bacteria from contaminated wounds. Topical clindamycin prevented bacterial growth in 15 of 34 wounds, while topical chloramphenicol and carbenicillin were not effective. Clindamycin injected into the wound margins or at a distal site prevented bacterial growth in 16 of 18 wounds and in a lower dose prevented growth of 50 per cent of 12 wounds. These results support the clinical use of clindamycin for the prevention of Bacteroides wound infection. PMID- 7377662 TI - Local anesthesia: serious consideration for extracranial carotid artery surgery. AB - Local anesthesia for extracranial carotid artery surgery presents an alternative to the methods currently used today. It does eliminate the necessity for complicated and expensive monitoring equipment. It has the advantage that both the surgeon and the anesthesiologist are aware at all times of the level of cerebral activity of the patient. The advantages and disadvantages of this technique are discussed. From an academic viewpoint, it gives the surgeon the ability to exactly determine in his intraoperative complications those cases in which cerebral infarction is due to embolization and those which could occur from inadequate collateral circulation. PMID- 7377664 TI - Pseudotumor of the hernial sac: a case report. PMID- 7377666 TI - A basis for hygiene standards for flax dust: British Occupational Hygiene Society Committee on Hygiene Standards, Sub-Committee on Vegetable Textile Dusts. PMID- 7377665 TI - Evidence of a modifying influence of heart glucosides on the development of breast cancer. AB - Patients on digitalis medication at the time of diagnosis of breast cancer seem to develop tumors that have a lower growth potential than do patients not on such medication. These tumors are photometrically characterized by small nuclei with lower DNA-RNA content and less variation in morphometric characteristics. PMID- 7377668 TI - Solid sorbent gas samplers. PMID- 7377667 TI - On the impaction of airborne coarse dust into the eyes of human subjects. PMID- 7377670 TI - Legislative control of toxic hazards--II. The approach in the U.K. PMID- 7377669 TI - Legislative control of toxic hazards--I. The approach in the U.S.A. PMID- 7377671 TI - Toxicology of herbicides with special reference to the bipyridiliums. PMID- 7377672 TI - Dust control concepts in chemical handling and weighing. PMID- 7377675 TI - Further experience with the tensor fascia lata musculocutaneous flap. AB - We have found the tensor fascia lata myocutaneous flap to be exceedingly reliable with a consistent vascular pedicle; it can be elevated easily and rapidly in its subfascial plane. It is a useful flap in the paraplegic patient for colsure of ischial, trochanteric, and sacral pressure sores, and may also be used as a free flap with little donor morbidity. At present, we recommend this as the flap of choice for closure of trochanteric pressure sores. Additionally, it appears to have further applications in defects of the groin, perineum, abdominal wall, and lower chest wall. Eleven tensor fascia lata musculocutaneous flaps, utilized for soft tissue coverage for varying defects in 9 patients, are discussed. PMID- 7377674 TI - Experience with 100 muscle flaps. AB - One hundred muscule flap transfers performed at the Mayo Clinic from 1975 to 1978 are reviewed and assessed as to the cause and location of the defects, muscles used, complications, and results. We found the muscle flaps very versatile for covering for a wide variety of difficult soft tissue and bony defects. The complication rate was very low, considering the severity and chronic nature of the problem. Ninety-two percent of patients showed healing after surgery, and 82% remained healed at the time of this follow-up survey. PMID- 7377673 TI - Tissue effects of new silicone mammary-type implants in rabbits. AB - Two new types of silicone mammary-type implants designed to reduce silicone leakage by a gel barrier or to insulate tissue from silica in standard implants (by silicone coating) were placed in rabbits. Standard-type silicone implants were placed as controls. Capsules histologically similar to those that occur in humans occurred around many implants, although no grossly visible capsular contraction occurred. Inflammation was minimal around all types of implants, and the capsules appeared similar. Myofibroblasts were seen around implants within the first three weeks only. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x ray analysis was used to positively identify silicon in tissues around the implants. Silicon was found in tissues from 55% of the standard and 60% of the silicone-coated implants, while it was found in only 10% of capsules around implants containing a gel barrier layer. We conclude that both kinds of new implants incite minimal reaction in rabbits, and that a gel barrier can reduce silicone leakage from silicone implants. PMID- 7377676 TI - The surgical correction of maxillary hypoplasia and midfacial retrusion. AB - On the basis of 35 maxillary osteotomies of the Le Fort I and III types, the authors discuss the main problems connected with treatment of maxillary hypoplasia and midfacial retrusion. Special attention is paid to cases that demand coordinated treatment including skeletal as well as soft tissue repair and reconstruction. Thanks to combined treatment in all cases, including 7 patients with partial backward displacement of the osteotomized fragments whose occlusion could not be entirely corrected, striking or highly satisfactory improvement of appearance was achieved. PMID- 7377677 TI - Heterotopic gastric epithelium in the head and neck region. AB - Heterotopic gastric epithelium in the head and neck area is a little-known entity, unsuspected by clinician and pathologist alike. We have reviewed the literature and discovered 14 cases of this entity. While previous reviews of the subject have, unfortunately, included reports of cases with heterotopic intestinal epithelium, our study addresses itself to separating the two. Five new cases of gastric heterotopia are reported in 3 female and 2 male patients ranging in age from 2 1/2 weeks to 70 years. Three cystic lesions occurred in the floor of the mouth, while 2 small nudular lesions were found in the region of the larynx. The larger lesions caused obstructive symptoms. An error in embryogenesis is the only plausible explanation for such heterotopic elements as gastric fundic, antral, and mucous neck types of epithelium, often associated with a partial muscularis mucosae, in the head and neck region. Treatment consists of surgical extirpation. PMID- 7377678 TI - Nasal reconstruction in discoid lupus erythematosus. AB - The pathophysiology of discoid lupus erythematosus is presented, along with a case of nasal reconstruction using a variety of techniques. PMID- 7377679 TI - Treatment of shallow soft tissue ulcers with an infrequent dressing technique. AB - The usual topical therapy for shallow ulcers involves frequent dressing changes, which are especially difficult in the paraplegic. A special karaya-Stomahesive dressing is presented which may, in certain cases, be changed only once or twice a week with good results. PMID- 7377680 TI - Rhinoplasty: securing the graft. AB - The use of a Keith needle is described to secure a cartilage graft during rhinoplasty. PMID- 7377683 TI - Endoscopy--Review. PMID- 7377682 TI - Calf augmentation. PMID- 7377681 TI - Is there a place for the use of ketamine in plastic and reconstructive surgery? PMID- 7377685 TI - Frequency of atopy, allergy, and previous general anaesthesia in surgical specialties. AB - This paper reports part of a large survey of atopy, allergy, and previous anaesthesia in 10 000 preanaesthetic patients. The occurrence of these risk factors in the various surgical specialties has been assessed. Obstetric patients have a significantly higher frequency of atopy and allergy than the total female population studied. Among males cardiothoracic patients are the only group to have a significantly higher frequency of atopy and allergy than the overall figure for their sex. PMID- 7377686 TI - Evaluation of a new product for sutureless skin closure. AB - Op-Site skin closures, a new product for sutureless skin closure, were used on 100 patients undergoing a wide variety of major surgical procedures. The results showed that, provided that the underlying fat and muscle layers were closed meticulously to eliminate dead space, these skin closures maintained wound-edge apposition satisfactorily to produce an excellent cosmetic appearance to the final scar with the added advantages of a low incidence of infection, quicker application, and improved patient acceptability compared with conventional suturing techniques. PMID- 7377684 TI - The team approach in the management of oral cancer. AB - The management of cancer of the head and neck is so complex that it demands the participation of two teams, one major or curative and the other minor or supportive, and also of the patient. The make-up of these teams and the functions of their members are discussed. The principles of treatment planning along these lines are outlined and the importance of close interdisciplinary collaboration is emphasised. PMID- 7377688 TI - The surgical staffing of the future. AB - An analysis of the amount of surgical work carried out in the hospitals of the West Midlands Health Region during the year 1975 has been carried out. From this it is calculated that the number of surgeons on permanent contract will have to be increased by between 50 and 100%, that of registrars being reduced by 50% and that of the rest of the junior staff by 15-20%, to enable an equivalent amount of work to be done in the future. PMID- 7377687 TI - Malignant disease of the colon, rectum, and anus in Nigerian Igbos. AB - An account is given of 5 anal and 36 colorectal cancers occurring in Nigerians of the Igbo ethnic group. The rectum was the site of predilection for colorectal growths, and most rectal growths occurred in males. In contrast to the situation in the Western world the disease is rare, affects relatively younger patients, and is often advanced at presentation. Dietary factors probably play no significant role in the aetiology of the disease. PMID- 7377689 TI - 'The nature, substance and quality demanded'. PMID- 7377690 TI - PTFE (Goretex) grafts for limb salvage. PMID- 7377691 TI - Transabdominal bilateral adrenalectomy for metastatic breast carcinoma. PMID- 7377692 TI - Ultrasound in biliary tract and pancreatic disease. PMID- 7377693 TI - Amputation in vascular disease. AB - The management of vascular amputees in the Roehampton Limb Surgery Unit since its opening in 1975 is outlined and the results in 167 cases presented. Of the 35 patients over the age of 80, 57% were walking independently at the time of their discharge from the unit. PMID- 7377694 TI - The stump and the prosthesis. AB - In performing amputations the surgeon must bear in mind the biomechanical and other constraints of the prosthesis likely to be fitted and, so far as possible, should fashion the stump accordingly. The various types of prosthesis and their features are discussed in relation to amputations of the lower and upper limbs at all levels. PMID- 7377695 TI - Alternatives to amputation. AB - Alternatives to conventional skin flap cover for limb wounds extend both the number and type of defects which can now be closed with reconstruction of both form and function for patients who might otherwise come to amputation. The old adage that where a sinus leads to dead or foreign material it can only be closed after removal of that dead or foreign material is no longer true. The number of patients coming to above-knee amputation after prosthetic replacement of the knee joint could be reduced by muscle flap cover of exposed arthroplasty prostheses. PMID- 7377696 TI - The echographic diagnosis of infantile renal polycystic disease. PMID- 7377697 TI - Evaluation of neonatal renal disorders: a comparison of excretory urography with scintigraphy and ultrasonography. PMID- 7377699 TI - Segmental dilatation of the ureter. PMID- 7377698 TI - Radiation dose calculations for bone scanning with 99mTc-phosphate compounds in children. PMID- 7377700 TI - Pulmonary segmental underdevelopment. PMID- 7377701 TI - Computed tomography: past accomplishments and future directions. PMID- 7377702 TI - CT in pediatric patients with pelvic malignancy. PMID- 7377703 TI - Computed tomography (CT) and lymphoma in children. PMID- 7377705 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis in children with vesico-ureteric reflux. PMID- 7377706 TI - [Continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure in severe head injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377704 TI - Cervical myelography with metrizamide in brachial birth palsies. PMID- 7377707 TI - [Non-shaving in cranial neuro-surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377708 TI - [Contribution to the study of cholecystoses. Clinical, radiological and pathological analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377709 TI - [Mandibular fractures. Deficiencies of the surgical treatment. In connection with a case-report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377712 TI - [Megaesophagus and cancer. Report of six cases. Plea for early Heller's procedure and careful post-operative follow-up (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377711 TI - [Study of 39 T1-T2 cervical stump cancers treated by a radio-surgical procedure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377713 TI - [Therapy of the complications of colonic diverticulosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377710 TI - [Study of 241 epitheliomas of uterine cervix (T1-T2) treated by radio-surgical procedure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377714 TI - [Mediastinal parathyroid cyst (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377715 TI - [The sinus node. Anatomical and electrophysiological review (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377716 TI - [The theoretical and practical advantage of Holter's monitoring in sino-auricular block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377717 TI - [Methods of investigating the sinus node function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377719 TI - [Uselessness of vectocardiogram in sports medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377718 TI - [Role of electrosystolic stimulation in sino-auricular disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377721 TI - [Myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock in the young adult (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377720 TI - [Interest of TM echocardiography in the diagnosis of aneurysm of the ascending aorta (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377723 TI - [The left ventricle in sportsmen. Echocardiographic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377722 TI - [Sinus node dysfunction. Clinical and electrocardiographic criteria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377724 TI - [Physical training of uncomplicated posterior myocardial infarction. Correlations between the results of effort tests and calculation of the energy index during cycloergometric sessions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377725 TI - [A rare differential diagnosis from pericardial effusion: in echocardiography: giant left atrium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377726 TI - [Measurement of the flow in the segment of a limb. Validation of ultrasonic velocimetry using an impulsion Doppler effect (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377728 TI - [Variations in left ventricular volumes measured by unidimensional echocardiography before and after a sub-maximal effort test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377729 TI - [Normal echographic appearance of the bioprostheses in the mitral position (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377727 TI - [Vectocardiogram in syndromes of ventricular preexcitation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377732 TI - Reconstruction of the urethra and penis in hypospadias according to Horton Devine. AB - The report is based on the author's clinical experience with 244 patients seen in the clinic from 1st January 1970 to 30th of September 1979 using the Horton Devine's one-stage repair of hypospadias. The method was employed in 86 boys with all types of hypospadias. A system of classification for evaluating the operative results is presented. Each operative result is judged from the functional and cosmetic point of view. 50% of the patients were operated on only once with excellent results. The rest of the patients had some complications and needed complementary simple surgical treatment and in 8 cases reoperation. However, even these cases attained excellent final results. Only one patient with scrotal hypospadias was a failure with this method. 99% of all operated patients attained a penis of normal appearance with conic shaped glans, meatus in the sagittal direction on the tip, and normal micturition. Evaluation of the sexual function of the penis is not yet possible. A favourable anatomical appearance and functional result is an important prerequisite for undisturbed sexual life. The Horton-Devine's method for repair of hypospadias demands exact surgical technique and high standard of postoperative care. The results achieved by the method are excellent. PMID- 7377731 TI - Multicystic kidney. A clinical and histological study of 13 patients. AB - Multicystic kidney (MK) was diagnosed in 13 patients at the University Central Hospital of Oulu during the 9 year period 1970--78. In the district of the hospital the evaluated incidence of MK was 0.3 per 1000 live-born children. 12 of the patients were infants aged under one year. Two of these died soon after birth; one had severe extraurinary anomalies and the other had bilateral MK. The removal of MK was performed in ten cases. In ten operated and two autopsied patients the cystic dysplasia involved the kidney entirely. There was no discernible normal renal parenchyma and the ipsilateral ureter was always abnormal. On the opposite side one patient had a severe ureteric stenosis with hydronephrosis, and 4 patients had vesicoureteral reflux. Extraurinary anomalies were also common. Three patients had a significant cardiovascular abnormality. The accurate diagnosis could usually be obtained preoperatively. It was found that typical findings of physical examination, plain films, intravenous urography and B-mode ultrasound give sufficient information for accurate diagnosis to be made in most cases. Mictiocystography and endoscopy were required for associated urinary anomalies. Following the diagnosis, the removal of MK should be performed at the correct time, and also if asymptomatic, because these can become symptomatic later in life. PMID- 7377730 TI - Surgical treatment of megaureter in the first few months of life. PMID- 7377734 TI - Micturition cysto-urethrography. Potential diagnostic pitfalls in the male infant. AB - Some technical aspects of micturition cysto-urethrography, particularly important in the male infant, are emphasized. The catheter used for installation of the contrast medium must be removed before the examination. Unless films are exposed in the true lateral projection and the patient voids with a constant stream, abnormalities of the urethra may easily become overlooked. PMID- 7377736 TI - Histological grading and treatment failures in carcinoma of the uterine body. AB - In a material of 777 patients with carcinoma of the uterine body, Stages I and II, 115 (15%) had poorly differentiated tumours, and 662 (85%) moderately-to-well differentiated tumours. The five-year tumour death rate was 34% and 12%, respectively. No differences in local recurrences and metastases in the pelvis were recorded in the two tumour groups. On the other hand, distant metastases occurred in 23% of patients with poorly differentiated tumours, and only in 5% among patients with moderately-to-well differentiated tumours. Whether chemotherapy integrated in the treatment-scheme would reduce the frequency of distant metastases and improve the survival rate remains an open question. PMID- 7377733 TI - Management of newborns with ambiguous genitalia. PMID- 7377735 TI - Mammography of symptomatic breasts. A report on 1119 consecutive patients. AB - Two-picture mammography was performed as a routine diagnostic measure in the evaluation of 1119 consecutive patients (97.9% of which were women), who attended the hospital with breast symptoms 67.8% also had fine needle aspiration biopsy. The sensitivity of mammography in diagnosing the 97 carcinomas was 91.8%, the specificity was 95.6%. The false negative findings on mammography constituted 8.2% of the 97 carcinomas, aspiration biopsy was falsely negative in 25.7% of 70 carcinomas. Mammography was found to be valuable in distinguishing malignant from benign lesions with a high degree of accuracy, in localizing both palpable and occult lesions prior to aspiration or open biopsy, as well as in demonstrating the entire symptomatic breast and also the other breast for diagnosis. Of all the women 23.6% were under 30 years of age, but in this group only one carcinoma was found. It is suggested that mammography should not be performed in women with breast symptoms under 30, unless ther is suspicion of malignancy. Mammography of both breast should, on the other hand, be performed in all those over 30 years. PMID- 7377737 TI - Breech delivery. AB - Perinatal mortality in 700 cases of breech delivery was studied retrospectively and results were compared with those of controls. Cases were matched with those of cephalic presentation for maternal age and parity, foetal gestational age, and birthweight. The perinatal mortality was more than twice as high in the breech group. The difference remained significant after intrauterine foetal death and malformations were excluded. Neonatal death was most frequently caused by the respiratory distress syndrome and prematurity, and in the breech group also by intracranial haemorrhage. The difference in perinatal mortality was more pronounced in the low weight and low gestational age groups. At term the differences in mortality between the two groups were small. Neonatal distress assessed as low Apgar score and the need for special care was far more frequent for the breech group. Special care in premature breech deliveries and a liberal use of caesarean section in recommended. Delivery before the 36th week of gestation should be performed by caesarean section. PMID- 7377738 TI - The predictive value of cardiotocography. AB - Continuous fetal heart rate (FHR) recordings from 200 parturients in first stage of labour were evaluated according to conventional systems and compared with the Apgar scores at one minute. The results were disappointing, but they indicate that an improvement could be achieved by taking into consideration the periodical total uterine impulse (TUI) in the first stage of labour. PMID- 7377740 TI - A practical guide to gamma-counting in radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7377739 TI - Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity and blood lymphocyte count in advanced Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - Cell-mediated immune status was assessed in twenty patients of advanced and active lymphoreticular malignancies and twenty control subjects of comparable age and sex distribution by delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to recall and contact antigens and peripheral blood lymphocyte counts. The results show depressed cellular immunity in both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. However, the severity of immunological dysfunction as shown by anergy to skin antigens and lymphocytopaenia is remarkably less than what has been mostly reported in the literature. PMID- 7377741 TI - Calcium metabolism in a fatal case of sodium fluoride poisoning. AB - A patient was admitted to a district general hospital within an hour of ingesting a fatal dose of sodium fluoride. The results of laboratory investigations, together with some in vitro findings, support the hypothesis that the hypocalcaemia of fluoride poisoning is the result of fluorapatite formation and not calcium fluoride precipitation, and that its persistence reflects the severity of the calcium deficit and not an inhibitoin of normal homeostatic mechanisms. It is suggested that the role of renal clearance of fluoride may be more important than had been realised hitherto. PMID- 7377743 TI - An improved colorimetric method for the determination of plasma paracetamol. AB - The commonly used nitration colorimetric method for urgent paracetamol estimation suffers from interference by salicylates and salicylamide. This communication describes a simple modification which eliminates this interference without affecting either the recovery or precision of the method. The results obtained were briefly compared with those obtained by an established gas chromatographic procedure. PMID- 7377742 TI - A simple procedure for the radioimmunoassay of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in serum: comparison with an immunological purification technique. AB - A simple radioimmunoassay for the measurement of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in 0.1-0.25 ml serum is described. An antibody prepared against 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone 3(O-carboxymethyl)-oxime-BSA as immunogen was used. A correlation of the 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone concentration found in the serum of normal subjects and of patients with that obtained by a more complex immunological purification method was good (r=0.924, P less than 0.001). Accuracy, precision, and specificity were acceptable with the simple method. Normal values for infants, children, and adults have been established, and the individual concentrations of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in the serum of patients withcongenital adrenal hyperplasia were well separated from normal values. PMID- 7377744 TI - Introduction of computer facilities to a clinical chemistry laboratory. AB - A clinical chemistry laboratory information system based on MUMPS is described, together with the problems associated with its implementation. Tabular displays and cusum charts as well as cumulative records are available on a real-time basis. Data capture is by both on-line and off-line techniques. After 18 months' live running the management of information within the laboratory has been significantly improved. PMID- 7377745 TI - Treatment of acute urinary tract infection with low doses of sulfadiazine. AB - The pharmacokinetics of sulfadiazine (SD) were studied and acute urinary tract infections treated with lower than usual doses of SD (500 mg twice daily and 250 mg twice daily). The therapeutic results were further compared to those obtained with a conventional dose of sulfamethoxazole (SM, 1000 mg twice daily). With both doses of SD adequate drug concentrations in serum and urine were obtained. The treatment results were equal to those with SM. The results of the trial were comparable to those generally achieved with sulfonamides in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections. PMID- 7377749 TI - Pharmacokinetics and clinical experiences of sulfadiazine in low doses alone and in combination with trimethoprim. PMID- 7377747 TI - Pharmacokinetics of low dose sulfadiazine in patients with renal failure. AB - The pharmacokinetics of sulfadiazine (SD) in a lower dose (500 mg once a day, loading dose 1000 mg) than generally used was studied in patients with normal, moderately (creatinine 154--360 mumol/l) and severely (creatinine 753--1600 mumol/l) impaired renal function. In all groups SD concentrations in serum and urine were high enough for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI). The serum concentration of SD and metabolites showed a clear increase in severely uremic patients within 5 days. The patients showed, on the other hand, no signs of side-effects. In moderate uremia hardly any tendency towards an accumulation of SD and its metabolites was detectable during the same period of investigation. SD can thus evidently be used for the treatment of UTI with a low dose of 500 mg daily (loading dose 1000 mg), but caution should be taken in cases of impaired renal function. In moderate uremia treatment can be continued for more than one week provided that the drug concentrations in serum can be monitored. In severe uremia treatment should be limited to a period of one week. PMID- 7377748 TI - Pharmacokinetics and clinical experiences of the combination sulfadiazine trimethoprim in the short-term treatment of acute urinary tract infections. AB - The pharmacokinetics of sulfadiazine (SD) combined in a small dose (250 mg) with trimethoprim (TMP, 160 mg) and given twice daily were studied in eight healthy subjects. Both drugs were rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and their concentrations in serum as well as in urine could be considered high enough for the treatment of acute urinary tract infections (UTI). In none of the subjects did the concentration of SD in urine exceed the experimental limit established for crystallization of the drug. Serum half-lives of SD and TMP were 10.8 and 11.8 hrs, respectively. In microbiological assay synergistic interaction was found in human urine with both the combination of SD + TMP and SM (sulfamethoxazole) + TMP on all the tested strains of E. coli, Str. faecalis, Str. agalactiae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. A double-blind clinical trial was carried out with patients having acute UTI, using either the combination SD + TMP (250 mg + 160 mg) or the combination SM + TMP (800 mg + 160 mg) twice daily for one week. The results of the treatment were equally successful in both groups. Treatment failed in only 4 out of 85 cases, although in 12 cases the causative micro-organism was resistant in vitro to the combination of SM + TMP. PMID- 7377746 TI - Reduced sulfadiazine dose in the treatment of acute urinary tract infection in children. AB - The pharmacokinetics of a low dose of sulfadiazine (SD 4 mg/kg twice a day, loading dose 8 mg/kg) were studied and acute urinary tract infection in children treated with this reduced dose. The concentrations of active SD in serum and urine were found to exceed those assumed to be sufficient for the treatment of acute urinary tract infections (10 x MIC and 100 x MIC against E. coli, respectively; MIC = minimum inhibitory concentration). The urinary concentrations of both acetylated and non-acetylated SD remained lower than those considered to crystallize in the urinary tract. This suggests that renal damage earlier due to SD overdosage can be avoided by using the present administration. No difference was found in treatment results of acute urinary tract infections in children between SD (4 mg/kg twice a day) and fulfafurazole (SF; 50 mg/kg four times a day). Only infections caused by sulfonamide-sensitive micro-organisms were treated and all cases were cured. No side-effects could be recorded. SD in lower than the usual dosage would appear to be a practical alternative in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections caused by sulfonamide-sensitive micro-organisms in children. PMID- 7377750 TI - Role of dopamine receptors in vesicourethral function. A urodynamic study with dopamine receptor antagonist metoclopramide. AB - The effect of intravenous administration of 20 mg metoclopramide, a dopamine receptor antagonist upon cystometry, urethral pressure profile and external urethral sphincter electromyography (EMG) was investigated in 10 patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. No significant change was noticed in detrusor reflex activity or in peak urethral pressure. This suggests that dopamine receptors are not important in vesicourethral function. The increase in sphincter EMG activity observed was probably due to the cholinergic effect of metoclopramide. PMID- 7377753 TI - Severe hypoglycaemia caused by physical strain and pindolol therapy. A case report. AB - A 35-year-old man who was on treatment for mild arterial hypertension with the beta-blocking agent pindolol and who was accustomed to regular physical exercise, developed severe hypoglycaemia and bradycardia during a routine skiing tour. He recovered from the attack, and subsequent studies revealed no abnormalities of glucose metabolism. Apparently the hypoglycaemic attack was due to the combined effects of prolonged physical exercise of moderate degree and beta-blockade on glucose metabolism. PMID- 7377752 TI - Plasma profile of hydroxylated vitamin D metabolites: methods and results in normals for spring-winter in Southern Finland. AB - The spring-winter plasma concentrations of the hydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D have been measured in normal human subjects (20 male, 13 female), using high pressure liquid chromatography with UV-detection for 25-hydroxy vitamin D3/D2 (25(OH)D) and 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3/D2 (24,25(OH)2D) and a radioligand receptor assay for 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3/D2 (1,25-(OH)2D). The respective levels were 26.6 +/- 16 nmol . l-1, 2.24 +/- 1.3 nmol . l-1 and 114 +/- 35 pmol . l-1. These are in good agreement with levels from other centres for the same season. There was a significant negative correlation between 24,25(OH)2D and 1,25(OH)2 levels. The possible significance of this in the context of the low post-winter body burden of vitamin D is discussed. There was a positive correlation between 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D levels but it did not reach statistical significance. There were no statistically significant differences between the levels of the hydroxylated metabolites in men and women but the 24,25(OH)2D levels were generally lower in the women. The 1,25(OH)2D levels were similar to those measured by isotope dilution mass fragmentography on Norwegian donor blood. PMID- 7377751 TI - PQ-time shortening during somatomotor activation as predictor of death after myocardial infarction. AB - The PQ-interval was measured while resting supine before exercise testing, in the erect position on the bicycle before starting exercise, and resting supine after exercise in 68 men 6--8 weeks after acute myocardial infarction. During a 6-year follow-up period the death was non-sudden (greater than 1 hour) in 25 of these patients. In this group the PQ-time was significantly shorter (p less than 0.001) during somatomotor activation on the bicycle before exercise than resting supine. The same directional change (p less than 0.01) was seen in the sudden death (less than 1 hour) group (N = 21), but not in the patients who survived. PQ-time at supine rest before exercise testing, however, was significantly shorter (p less than 0.02) in surviving patients than in the non-sudden death group. The possible mechanisms of these, and of previously reported changes in the R-wave amplitudes and QT-times, are discussed. PMID- 7377754 TI - Neonatal surgery. AB - The scope and the problems of neonatal surgery are illustrated by reviewing a series of 1831 patients operated on over 15 years in one surgical unit. The patients were listed according the surgical subspeciality to which they belong (Tables 1--9). The results show that operative mortality is negligible in the good risk neonates (tumours, urology, orthopaedic and general surgery) but remains significant in the groups of serious malformations with high incidence of prematurity and associated anomalies. The present hospital mortality for patients with anorectal anomalies is about 5%, for spina bifida cystica about 10% and has even in oesophageal and duodenal atresia patients dropped to 15%. For other bowel atresias it is still 25% for gastroschisis and omphalocoele around 35% and for diaphragmatic hernia 50%. Cardiac surgery, including perfusion operations, has become an integral part of neonatal surgery, its present mortality being around 35%. PMID- 7377755 TI - Glutamate dehydrogenase deficiency in three patients with spinocerebellar syndrome. AB - Four nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-requiring enzymes were measured in disrupted cultured skin fibroblasts from a 19-year-old patient with juvenile onset of a spinocerebellar and extrapyramidal syndrome. There was marked reduction in the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) (22% of mean control activity); GDH activity was also decreased in homogenates of leukocytes from this patient (38% of mean control activity). GDH activity was measured in the leukocytes of two siblings afflicted with adult-onset spinocerebellar syndrome and found to be decreased in both (29% and 31% of mean control activity); an unaffected sibling had normal GDH activity. Mixing experiments with control fibroblast and leukocyte homogenates did not show the presence of a GDH inhibitor in cells from these patients. This allosterically regulated enzyme was stimulated by adenosine 5'-diphosphate (10(-3) M) and inhibited by guanosine 5'-triphosphate (10(-3) M) in both fibroblast and leukocyte homogenates; these changes occurred in equal proportions in the patients and controls. The decreased fibroblast and leukocyte GDH activity persisted at different concentrations of the enzyme's substrates and with successive passages of cultured fibroblasts. GDH may have an important role in the metabolism of glutamate, a putative neurotransmitter in cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord. A genetic deficiency of GDH may underlie some forms of spinocerebellar ataxias. PMID- 7377756 TI - Radiation-induced malignant and atypical peripheral nerve sheath tumors. AB - The reported peripheral nerve complications of therapeutic irradiation in humans include brachial and lumbar plexus fibrosis and cranial and peripheral nerve atrophy. We have encountered 9 patients with malignant (7) and atypical (2) peripheral nerve tumors occurring in an irradiated site suggesting that such tumors represent another delayed effect of radiation treatment on peripheral nerve. The neoplasms appeared 4 to 41 years following radio-therapy, at a time when the patients (6 females and 3 males) were 16 to 70 years old and cured of their original tumors. Eight patients had received irradiation to treat malignant disease; the ninth had a benign condition. The sites of peripheral nerve tumor were the brachial plexus in 5, cervical plexus in 1, lumbar plexus in 2, and retroperitoneum in 1. Eight patients presented with painful masses, and in 6 of the 8 there was a progressive neurological deficit. Seven patients died with metastases within two years of diagnosis. In all instances the radio-therapy was within an acceptable radiation dosage, yet 3 patients developed local radiation induced skin and bony abnormalities. In 3 patients there were either clinical signs or a family history of von Recklinghausen disease, but the malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors developed only in the radiation port. Animal studies support the clinical observation that malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors can occur as a delayed effect of irradiation. Other etiological mechanisms, including an increased risk of second primaries in cancer patients and a genetic predisposition to peripheral nerve tumors, may also play a role. PMID- 7377757 TI - Serum creatine kinase BB and MM concentrations determined by radioimmunoassay in neuromuscular disorders. AB - We measured the MM and BB isoenzymes of serum creatine kinase (CK) by radioimmunoassay in 89 patients with neuromuscular disorders and 44 definite or possible carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The CK-MM isoenzyme was closely associated with total CK enzymatic activity. CK-BB was not as closely correlated with total CK but was usually increased in the inflammatory myopathies and DMD and normal in myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as well as in neuropathies in which CK is usually normal. In myopathies, CK-BB may be useful for assessing the level of disease activity or the regenerative component. More study is necessary to assess the role of CK-BB in detection of DMD carriers. PMID- 7377758 TI - Parkinson disease, dementia, and Alzheimer disease: clinicopathological correlations. AB - Clinical records and neuropathological specimens from 36 patients with autopsy demonstrated idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) were reviewed independently and the results compared. Nine (31%) of the 29 patients with adequate clinical data had severe dementia and 7 (24%) had mild dementia. The cerebral cortex showed senile plaques and fibrillary tangles in 15 of the 36 patients (42%). These changes were found in all 9 patients with severe dementia, in 3 of the 7 with mild dementia, and in 3 of the 13 patients with normal mental status. The prevalence of pathologically established Alzheimer changes and dementia among the patients with PD (33%) was over six times that found in an age-matched population (5.1%). Survival after the onset of PD with Alzheimer disease was shorter than in PD without Alzheimer disease. PMID- 7377759 TI - Hereditary spinal arachnoid cysts, distichiasis, and lymphedema. AB - Familial congenital spinal arachnoid cysts causing progressive paraplegia are reported in two adolescent siblings as part of a hereditary syndrome. The other features of this unusual dominantly inherited disorder include double rows of eyelashes, partial ectropion of the lower eyelids, and acquired late-onset lymphedema of the lower extremities. The siblings' mother, who had roentgenographic evidence of a similar intraspinal lesion, was free of neurological symptoms but had the other characteristic features. Surgical treatment of the arachnoid cysts improves the progressive paraplegia. PMID- 7377760 TI - Surgically correctable lesions solely detected by CT scan in adult-onset chronic epilepsy. AB - A prospective study of 162 patients with adult-onset chronic epilepsy revealed 4 in whom computed tomographic scanning was the only diagnostic test that detected the presence of a surgically correctable cerebral lesion. These patients had suffered from seizures for 1 to 14 years and at the time of operation demonstrated no clinical neurological deficits except organic mental changes. PMID- 7377761 TI - Fetal methylmercury poisoning: clinical and toxicological data on 29 cases. AB - This report describes psychomotor retardation in infants caused by prenatal exposure to methylmercury. A study of 29 mother-infant pairs established a relationship between maximum maternal hair mercury concentration during pregnancy and the frequency of neurological effects in the infants. The latter included delayed achievement of developmental milestones with or without neurological signs. The infants were 4 1/2 to 5 years of age on last examination. Ten infants of mothers who had maximum hair concentrations in the range of 99 to 384 pars per million (ppm) had a significantly higher frequency of abnormal findings than those in two groups having lower maternal hair mercury concentrations (12 to 85 and 0 to 11 ppm). The group sizes were too small to allow identification of a specific "threshold" maternal hair concentration above which such effects can be expected. Transient paresthesias during pregnancy occurred in 80% of the mothers in the higher concentration group (99 to 384 ppm) as compared with 30% and 22% in the lower groups. Neurological abnormalities were found in some children whose mothers had been asymptomatic during pregnancy. PMID- 7377762 TI - Brainstem abscess and the syndrome of acute tegmental encephalitis. AB - A 63-year-old man developed the acute onset and rapid progression of signs of lower brainstem dysfunction accompanied by a sterile cerebrospinal fluid containing moderate pleocytosis. Autopsy examination disclosed diffuse acute bacterial inflammation of the brainstem tegmentum. The findings in 55 additional cases of brainstem bacterial infections are reviewed and discussed with respect to differential diagnosis and potential treatment. PMID- 7377763 TI - PMNs in normal spinal fluid examined by the cytocentrifuge technique. AB - The presence in unconcentrated CSF specimens of even a single polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell has been regarded as diagnostic of central nervous system (CNS) disease. In 18 of 50 consecutive cytocentrifuged specimens obtained from patients without evidence of CNS disease, however, we found 1 to 6 PMN cells. The observation of occasional PMN cells in concentrated CSF specimens does not appear to be diagnostic of a CNS abnormality. PMID- 7377765 TI - Motorcyclists and head injuries. PMID- 7377764 TI - Cyclandelate in diabetic radiculoneuropathy. PMID- 7377767 TI - Conus tuberculoma responding to chemotherapy. PMID- 7377766 TI - Lymphokine production in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7377768 TI - Eating epilepsy. PMID- 7377769 TI - Postural dependence of reaction time after a VL thalamotomy. AB - Postural dependence of the EMG-RT of the triceps brachii muscles was measured in 68 parkinsonian patients of which 38 underwent a ventrolateral thalamotomy. A thalamotomy did not affect patients' EMG-RT per se, but it changed the postural dependence of the EMG-RT. After left thalamotomy the position changes of both shoulders did not influence the EMG-RT of the right triceps, and after right thalamotomy the position change of the left shoulder had no influence on the EMG RT of both triceps. As for the sensorimotor function, it is assumed that the right thalamus has bilateral control on the input system and the left thalamus has bilateral control on the output system. PMID- 7377770 TI - Adherence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to human epithelial cell lines. AB - Light microscopy and a radioassay detected no significant difference in adherence of Kanagawa-positive and Kanagawa-negative strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to human epithelial cell lines. PMID- 7377771 TI - Effect of short-term chilling of rumen contents on viable bacterial numbers. AB - Anaerobic storage of whole rumen contents at 0 degrees C for 8 and 24 h resulted in viable colony counts which were 113 and 92%, respectively, of the colony count obtained with an unstored sample. No significant differences in the percentages of the total population capable of utilizing glucose, cellobiose, starch, or xylose occurred with storage. Numerous factors were investigated as possible explanations for the increase in bacterial numbers observed after storage for 8 h in ice. Growth and multiplication of bacteria, subsampling of rumen contents, susceptibility to oxygen, lysis of protozoa with the release of viable bacteria, and rumen sampling time did not appear to be involved. Compilation of the data from all 29 of the above experiments gave a mean value for samples stored for 8 h in ice which was 134.8% of the control (P < 0.005). The effect of storage time at 0 degrees C indicated that a significant increase in colony count occurred after 4 h, and, based on these data, 6 h was subsequently used as the standard cold storage period. Circumstantial evidence supported the hypothesis that storage of rumen contents for 6 h at 0 degrees C appears to alter or to break down the material responsible for cell-to-cell or cell-to-particulate matter attachment. Addition of a surfactant to the anaerobic dilution solution significantly increased total colony count of rumen contents to an extent similar to chilling in ice for 6 h. However, an additive effect was observed when surfactant containing anaerobic dilution solution was used with samples stored for 6 h at 0 degrees C. PMID- 7377772 TI - Resistance and recovery studies on ultraviolet-irradiated spores of Bacillus pumilus. AB - A spore suspension model and a procedure for recovering ultraviolet (UV) irradiated spores of Bacillus pumilus were investigated. A most-probable-number tube dilution method using double-strength Trypticase soy broth was found to be superior to the agar plate method for recovering optimal numbers of spores irradiated with sublethal doses of UV energy. Aqueous suspensions of B. pumilus survived UV doses up to 108,000 ergs/mm2 as determined by a most-probable-number recovery and estimation procedure. Resistance and stability data were consistent and reproducible, indicating the dependability of this method for recovering UV damaged spores. The procedures used to collect information concerning resistance characteristics for two strains of B. pumilus are discussed. PMID- 7377773 TI - Bacterial contamination of drinking water supplies in a modern rural neighborhood. AB - On six occasions during a 15-month period, the private well and spring water supplies in a modern rural neighborhood of 78 households were examined for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, and standard plate count bacteria. More than one-third of the water supplies were unsatisfactory on at least one occasion as judged by standard plate counts over 10(3)/ml and the presence of coliforms, fecal coliforms, and/or S. aureus. Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli were the most frequently isolated total coliforms. At least 12 other genera of bacteria were identified from standard plate count agar. Coliform contamination was found to be higher after periods of rainfall, and high standard plate counts were more prevalent during warmer weather. These observations probably reflect leakage of surface water into improperly sealed wells or aquifer contamination during winter and the lack of chlorination to control microbial regrowth during the warm season. An inverse correlation was found between the presence of high standard plate counts and incidence of coliforms. Consumer education and at least a twice yearly monitoring of private water supplies (winter and summer) are suggested methods to signal that treatment may be necessary to reduce the risk of waterborne disease. PMID- 7377774 TI - Staphylococcus aureus in rural drinking water. AB - Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from over 6% of 320 rural drinking water specimens. Well water was the most common source examined. The presence of S. aureus was not found to correlate with the presence of coliform bacteria. Strains of Staphylococcus that produced enterotoxin A were found in 40% of the samples containing S. aureus. Additional studies showed that faucet aerator screens were common sources of high cell densities of S. aureus. PMID- 7377775 TI - Impact of detergent systems on bacterial survival on laundered fabrics. AB - The survival of Staphylococcus aureus was determined from inoculated swatches laundered in either a phosphate or a phosphate-substitute detergent. In a Plackett-Burman design study, the independent variables of detergent type, concentration, and variation, wash water temperature, soil load, cycle time, and water hardness were assigned high and low values. Wash water temperatures of 27, 38, 49, and 60 degrees C were employed. Viable bacteria were recovered from macerated swatches. Statistical analysis disclosed that there was no practical difference in the ability of phosphate or phosphate-substitute detergents to reduce the level of S. aureus on the laundered swatches in this controlled design. Analysis did reveal that water temperature was the most significant independent variables. The remaining variables did not appear to have any practical significance upon bacterial reduction. This bacteriological study did not evaluate other essential detergent properties. PMID- 7377776 TI - Bacteriological water quality effects of hydraulically dredging contaminated upper Mississippi River bottom sediment. AB - Bacteriological effects of hydraulically dredging polluted bottom sediment in the navigation channel of the Upper Mississippi River (river mile 827.5 [about 1,332 km] to 828.1 [about 1,333 km]) were investigated. Bottom sediment in the dredging site contained high total coliform densities (about 6,800 most-probable-number total coliform index per g [dry weight] and 3,800 membrane filter total coliforms per g [dry weight]), and fecal coliforms comprised an average 32% of each total coliform count. Total coliform and fecal coliform densities in water samples taken immediately below the dredge discharge pipe were each approximately four times corresponding upstream values; fecal streptococcus densities were approximately 50 times corresponding upstream values. Correlation analysis indicated that mean turbidity values downstream to the dredging operation were directly and significantly (r greater than 0.94) related to corresponding total coliform, fecal coliform, and fecal streptococcus densities. Salmonellae and shigellae were not recovered from either upstream or downstream water samples. Turbidity and indicator bacteria levels had returned to predredge values within less than 2 km below the dredge spoil discharge area at the prevailing current velocity (about 0.15 m/s). PMID- 7377777 TI - Ochratoxin A in blood from slaughter pigs in Sweden: use in evaluation of toxin content of consumed feed. AB - Samples of pig blood, intended for ochratoxin A analysis, were collected from pigs of 279 randomly selected herds. The samples were obtained at nine different slaughterhouses from different areas of Sweden. Pigs from 47 herds (16.8% of the total) exhibited ochratoxin A in amounts of greater than or equal to 2 ng of ochratoxin A per ml of blood. One sample each from a single pig per herd identified herds contaminated with ochratoxin A in amounts exceeding three times the detection limit of the method (3 x 2 ng of ochratoxin A per ml of blood = 6 ng of ochratoxin A per ml of blood). There was a good agreement between ochratoxin A concentrations in the blood from different pigs within the same herd (correlation coefficient = 0.80). The ochratoxin A concentration in pig blood was used as an estimate of the ochratoxin A content of the consumed feed. This method showed that feed from grain produced on-farm contained higher concentrations of ochratoxin A than commercial feed preparations. No geographical variation of ochratoxin A occurrence within Sweden was detected. PMID- 7377778 TI - Identification of averantin as an aflatoxin B1 precursor: placement in the biosynthetic pathway. AB - A new blocked mutant of Aspergillus parasiticus produces no detectable aflatoxin B1, but accumulates several polyhydroxyanthraquinones. One of these pigments was identified as averantin. This is the first report of its formation by A. parasiticus. Radiotracer studies with [14C]averantin showed that 15.3% of label from averantin was incorporated into aflatoxin B1. This incorporation was blocked by dichlorvos. With radiotracers and other mutants, averantin was placed after norsolorinic acid and before averufin in the biosynthetic pathway in which the general steps are norsolorinic acid leads to averantin leads to averufin leads to versiconal hemiacetal acetate leads to versicolorin A leads to sterigmatocystin leads to aflatoxin B1. PMID- 7377779 TI - Microbial prevalence in domestic humidifiers. AB - The prevalence of viable thermophilic bacteria and actinomycetes and mesophilic fungi was examined in 145 samples from 110 domestic humidifiers. A total of 72 and 43% of furnace and console humidifier samples, respectively, contained viable thermophilic bacteria, whereas 60 and 72% of these samples produced mesophilic fungal growth. Thermophilic actinomycetes were recovered from seven humidifier samples. Efforts to detect thermophilic actinomycete antigens in 15 humidifier fluid samples were not successful. Antifoulants added to humidifier fluid reservoirs had no apparent effect on microbial frequency. Airborne microbial recoveries did not reflect patterns of humidifier contamination with respect to either kinds or numbers of microorganisms in 20 homes in which volumetric air samples were obtained during humidifier operation. PMID- 7377780 TI - Small pectinolytic spirochetes from the rumen. AB - Two strains of small spirochetes utilizing pectin as sole source of energy for growth were isolated from the rumen of cattle and partially characterized. The pectinolytic enzyme produced by one of the organisms was classified as a poly-1,4 alpha-D-galacturonide lyase (EC 4.2.2.2). A pectinesterase (EC 3.1.1.11) was also produced. PMID- 7377781 TI - Intestinal bypass surgery. PMID- 7377782 TI - More on vitiligo and malignant melanoma. PMID- 7377783 TI - Erythema multiforme caused by oral furosemide. PMID- 7377784 TI - Xeroderma pigmentosum. A prototype disease of environmental-genetic interaction. PMID- 7377785 TI - A plasma porphyrin fluorescence marker for variegate porphyria. AB - Ten patients with variegate porphyria were uniformly found to have distinctive plasma porphyrin fluorescence wavelength maxima in saline-diluted plasma specimens. The porphyrin complex in each of these plasma samples had a fluorescence emission maximum at 626 +/- 1 nm. Twelve patients with porphyria cutanea tarda, eight patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria, one patient with congenital erythropoietic porphyria, two patients with acute intermittent porphyria, and four patients with hereditary coproporphyria, whose plasma specimens were similarly examined, had plasma fluorescence characteristics that were different from those of the patients with variegate porphyria. Plasma fluorescence emission that is maximal at 626 +/- 1 nm is a diagnostic marker for variegate porphyria. PMID- 7377787 TI - Outpatient phototherapy of psoriasis. AB - Twenty-six outpatients with chronic plaque-type psoriasis vulgaris were treated five times weekly with topically applied white petrolatum and subsequent exposure to erythemogenic doses of ultraviolet radiation from fluorescent bulbs with a wavelength of 280 to 400 nm. All patients were cleared of psoriasis in ultraviolet-exposed sites in an average of 27 treatments. The combination of topically applied white petrolatum and ultraviolet radiation provides a convenient, cosmetically acceptable outpatient therapy for psoriasis. PMID- 7377786 TI - Nevi, lentigines, and melanomas in blacks. AB - Two hundred fifty-one black patients were examined for the presence of melanocytic nevi. The average number detected was 8.3 per patient. Light-skinned blacks had a greater number of total body nevi, while dark-skinned blacks had more lesions on the palms and soles. The usual histologic pattern seen in plantar palmar lesions was that of lentigo simplex. The differentiation of lentigines of the palms and soles from early expression of acral lentiginous melanomas may be difficult; however, most acral pigmented lesions do not require excision. PMID- 7377788 TI - Erythema nodosum, estrogens, and pregnancy. AB - During the past ten years we have seen two or more episodes of erythema nodosum develop in five patients in association with either pregnancy or the ingestion of female hormones. No alternative causes of erythema nodosum were found in these patients. The occurrence of erythema nodosum in association with hormonal change suggests that female hormones can, under some circumstances, be directly responsible for development of the disease. PMID- 7377791 TI - Treatment of prurigo nodularis with thalidomide. AB - A 57-year-old man with prurigo nodularis, was unresponsive to conventional therapy, was successfully treated with thalidomide. The pharmacology and side effects of the drug are briefly reviewed. Why thalidomide is effective for prurigo nodularis is unclear, but possible mechanisms of action are discussed. PMID- 7377790 TI - Hereditary acrodermatitis enteropathica in an adult. AB - The condition of a 33-year-old woman who had a history of blisters following trauma on the hands, knees, and feet since 1 year of age previously had been diagnosed as epidermolysis bullosa. She also had psoriasiform plaques, a pustular crusted periorificial eruption, paronychia, alopecia, and photophobia. She had had minimal history of diarrhea. A markedly decreased serum zinc level was found, and treatment with zinc sulfate was instituted, resulting in clearing of all clinical manifestations. Since patients with hereditary acrodermatitis enteropathica may have minimal or no diarrhea and the correct diagnosis may be long delayed, the condition should not be considered strictly a disease of children. PMID- 7377789 TI - Diminished immune response in sun-damaged skin. AB - In previously sensitized volunteers, higher concentrations of 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene were necessary to elicit positive patch test reactions on the sun-damaged skin of the neck than on the protected skin of the upper part of the back. This difference was not found in subjects without evidence of sun damage, and there was no difference between sun-damaged and nondamaged skin in response to a primary irritant. Responses to intradermally injected common antigens were also less intense in sun-damaged skin that in nonexposed skin. These findings suggest the existence of a local defect in cell-mediated immunity in skin altered by long-term sun exposure. PMID- 7377792 TI - Twenty-nail dystrophy of alopecia areata. AB - We describe here a patient with dystrophy of all 20 nails, which has persisted for five years after the resolution of alopecia areata. We feel that the term "20 nail dystrophy" is best used to describe a clinical entity that can have several causes. PMID- 7377795 TI - Further information on mycetomas. PMID- 7377794 TI - Regressed primary malignant melanoma with regional metastases. AB - Eleven cases of metastatic malignant melanoma with a completely regressed primary melanoma have been described. An additional case is reported here. The patient had melanoma metastatic to femoral lymph nodes and a pigmented lesion on the lower part of the leg. The pigmented lesion showed fibrosis, increased numbers of capillaries, and a band-like infiltrate of melanophages in the dermis. No residual melanoma was found. The findings in this case are similar to those previously reported. PMID- 7377793 TI - Infantile digital fibroma-like tumor in an adult. AB - Recurring digital fibrous tumors of childhood are unusual inclusion-bearing fibrous tumors typically located on the fingers and toes of young children. We report here a histologically similar tumor located on the arm of a 44-year-old man. PMID- 7377796 TI - Hydroa vacciniforme. PMID- 7377798 TI - Deletion of chromosome 11 in babies with Michelin Tire syndrome. PMID- 7377797 TI - Leishmaniasis: a case history and treatment failure with rifampin. PMID- 7377799 TI - Cycloheximide as an alternative to the use of fluorouracil for actinic keratosis. PMID- 7377801 TI - The inheritance of psoriasis. PMID- 7377800 TI - Familial lichen planus. PMID- 7377803 TI - Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis. Ultrastructural study. AB - Idiopathic guattate hypomelanosis (IGH) has been studied histochemically (split dopa) and ultrastructurally in three patients. Affected skin was compared to normal surrounding skin. Argentic stains revealed a decrease in the melanin content of affected epidemis and pigment granules were irregularly distributed. Split-dopa preparations showed a decrease in the the number of dopa-positive melanocytes in hypomelanotic macules. Most of the melanocytes were rounded in from and either lacked dendrites or had fragmented ones. Ultrastructural study confirmed the progressive loss of epidermal melanocytes in skin affected by IGH and revealed two types of melanocytes, healthy melanocytes with normal melanogenic activity and melanocytes containing few or no immature melanosomes but showing no cellular alterations. Depigmentation in IGH seems to occur in two stages, loss of melanogenic activity in certain malanocytes and elimination of inactive melanocytes. The basic defect in IGH melanocytes may reflect the aging process. PMID- 7377802 TI - The coexistence of psoriasis and lupus erythematosus. An analysis of 27 cases. AB - From 1950 through 1975, 27 patients at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, had coexistent psoriasis and lupus erythematosus (LE). Of the 27 patients, ten had systemic LE (SLE), 13 had discoid LE, and four had drug-induced LE or an SLE-like syndrome. The onset of psoriasis preceded LE in ten patients and was concomitant with it in six. Photosensitivity was noted in 23 patients. In 20 patients, the lesions of psoriasis and LE remained clinically distinct. Morphologic overlap and clinical interaction occurred in seven patients in whom the disorders were severe and complicated by a third disease. Generally, this latter group had extensive psoriasis, prominent photosensitivity, and a poor response to therapy. PMID- 7377804 TI - Acyclovir topical therapy of cutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in guinea pigs. AB - The chemotherapeutic efficacy of acyclovir was evaluated by observing the potential of topical acyclovir to reduce the severity of herpes viral lesions and to control the multiplication of this virus in the experimentally induced primary cutaneous infection of guinea pigs. Topical acyclovir showed a substantially high therapeutic efficacy when treatment was initiated after the development of clinically overt skin lesions. The therapeutic response was dose dependent and clearly evident even when the treatment was initiated on day 2 after inoculation. Our results indicate that topical acyclovir treatment improved the cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infectious process by inhibiting multiplication of HSV-1 in the skin of guinea pigs. PMID- 7377805 TI - Halo nevi and the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. Manifestations of vitiligo. AB - A 10-year-old boy with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome had loss of pigment cells in the skin, the halo nevi, the retina, and probably the leptomeninges. The amount of inflammation that accompanied destruction of pigment cells varied greatly and seemed to determine whether the patient had symptoms from his vitiligo. This patient exhibited symptoms associated with loss of pigment cells in his skin and leptomeninges, but not from the destruction of the pigment cells in his eyes. We suggest that vitiligo is a disease that can be manifested in any tissue containing pigment cells and has a variable clinical expression. PMID- 7377806 TI - Malignant melanoma originating from intradermal nevi. A clinicopathologic entity. AB - Two cases of malignant melanoma arising in preexisting intradermal nevi without a junctional element are described. These cases and the two known to have been reported previously demonstrate similar clinical and morphologic findings. These include an innocuous gross appearance, a nodular growth pattern, and deep levels of invasion. It appears that the origin of the tumor in the dermis conceals malignant transformation. The consequent time lapse and the dermal position of the lesion favor deep penetration of the tumor prior to removal. PMID- 7377807 TI - Incontinentia pigmenti. A four-generation study. AB - Seven individual members with incontinentia pigmenti are described from a family spanning four generations. The natural history of the cutaneous, ocular, hair, and dental anomalies is described for each involved member. In addition, a previously undescribed ectodermal defect, woolly-hair nevus, appeared in several affected members of this family. Evidence is offered to support the theory that the pattern of inheritance of incontinentia pigmenti is by linkage of the gene on the X chromosome acting as a dominant gene in females and lethal in males. PMID- 7377808 TI - Povidone panniculitis. Polyvinylpyrrolidone panniculitis. AB - Multiple subcutaneous nodules and recurrent flu-like episodes developed in a 60 year-old woman after she had received local intramuscular injections of procaine povidone for a seven-year period. A skin biopsy specimen showed distinctive gray blue material in the histiocytes in sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Povidone is an inert substance that may accumulate in multiple organs, including the skin. Its presence can be verified by its affinity for special stains or by spectrophotometric analysis. In our patient, ultrastructural study showed amorphous inrahistiocytic deposits in the tissues. -revious reports have indicated that this substance may eventually accumulate in noninjected skin sites and may lead to pulmonary and arthritic symptoms in some patients, but no other patients, to our knowledge, have had complications associated with fever. PMID- 7377810 TI - Accessory tonsils. PMID- 7377809 TI - Papillary eccrine adenoma. PMID- 7377811 TI - Penicillamine-induced pemphigus. PMID- 7377812 TI - Risks and benefits in research on children. PMID- 7377815 TI - Excretion of polyamines by children with Beckwith's syndrome. AB - The urinary excretion of the polyamines--putrescine, spermidine, and spermine- was measured in 7 children with Beckwith's syndrome. Putrescine excretion was raised and spermidine excretion reduced. The raised putrescine and the low spermidine ratios were highly significant. These results are consistent with a disturbance in a metabolic pathway under growth hormone-like regulation. PMID- 7377814 TI - Immunological abnormalities in the syndrome of poliomyelitis-like illness associated with acute bronchial asthma (Hopkin's syndrome). AB - In recent years an unusual syndrome of poliomyelitis-like illness, associated with acute bronchial asthma, has been reported from different parts of the world. A further 3 cases are described in this paper. Although the condition resembles poliomyelitis in most respects, particularly with regard to the severe permanent residual weakness usually observed, consistent evidence of a viral aetiology has not been forthcoming. Tests of immune function suggested the presence of varying degrees of nonspecific immune deficiency in our 3 patients, but evidence of viral invasion was inconclusive. It is suggested that a combination of immune deficiency with the stress of the acute asthma attack rendered the patients susceptible to invasion of the anterior horn cells by a viral agent, which may have been of external origin, or may have existed in a latent form within the host. PMID- 7377813 TI - Upper airways obstruction and apnoea in preterm babies. AB - Measurements of tidal flow, volume, and oesophageal pressure were recorded on a group of 8 severely preterm infants with periodic respiration. Analysis of the flow trace for evidence of cardiac artefact, and the tidal volume trace to identify at what point of the tidal cycle apnoea starts, indicated that upper airways obstruction was associated with about half these attacks. It is surmised that this is produced by glottic closure. PMID- 7377816 TI - Serum ferritin, liver iron stores, and liver histology in children with thalassaemia. AB - Serum ferritin, liver iron stores, and liver histology were studied in 38 children with thalassaemia major who were being treated by regular blood transfusions. There was no correlation between serum ferritin levels and either the number of transfusions or the amount of iron deposited in the liver. However, for a given level of iron stores, ferritin levels were higher in patients with chronic hepatitis (including chronic aggressive and chronic persistent forms) than in those with hepatic siderosis only. We conclude that serum ferritin reflects tissue iron deposits in regularly transfused thalassaemic patients, only in the absence of hepatitis. PMID- 7377818 TI - Outpatient paediatric cardiological investigation. An alternative approach. PMID- 7377817 TI - Persistent rubella-specific IgM-antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with congenital rubella. AB - Rubella-specific IgM-antibody was detected, using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) method, in the CSF of a child with congenital rubella at ages 3 and 4 years. No rubella-specific Igm was found in the CSF of 20 other children with congenital rubella, and the ratios of rubella-specific IgG RIA antibody titres in serum and CSF were normal. PMID- 7377819 TI - An explanation for failure of impedance apnoea alarm systems. AB - 24-hour recordings of the ECG and respiration, the latter from an impedance technique, have shown a phenomenon which could account for hitherto unexplained failures of impedance apnoea alarm systems. Whenever apnoea is accompanied by bradycardia there is a pronounced increase in the amplitude of the cardiac impulse on the respiration carrier. This imitates the respiration signal and prevents the alarm from sounding. Conversely, apnoea unaccompanied by bradycardia does not present this problem and is detected by the alarm. If impedance alarm systems are to be used to detect apnoea they must be accompanied by a heart rate (ECG) detector. PMID- 7377820 TI - Necrotising enterocolitis after cardiac catheterisation in infants. AB - Necrotising enterocolitis occurred in 3 infants after angiography at cardiac catheterisation. It is suggested that hypertonic contrast medium might have been responsible and that this complication could be avoided by the use of nonionic contrast media. PMID- 7377821 TI - Accidental administration of Syntometrine in adult dosage to the newborn. AB - The clinical course is described of an infant who accidentally received an adult dose of Syntometrine (synthetic oxytocin + ergometrine) at delivery. The infant soon became ill with convulsions and ventilatory failure, and later with water intoxication. Similar reported cases are reviewed and recommendations are given for the management of future cases. PMID- 7377823 TI - Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor in an infant with congenital chloride diarrhoea. AB - Hyper-reninaemia, hypokaluria, and hypokalaemia in an infant with congenital chloride diarrhoea improved during treatment with a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, ketoprofen. There was evidence of increased activity of therenin aldosterone system when ketoprofen was stopped. It is suggested that prostaglandins may be involved in stimulating the renin-aldosterone system in congenital chloride diarrhoea. PMID- 7377822 TI - 24-hour tape recordings of ECG and respiration in the newborn infant with findings related to sudden death and unexplained brain damage in infancy. PMID- 7377824 TI - Guidelines to aid ethical committees considering research involving children. PMID- 7377825 TI - Acquired toxoplasmosis in children. PMID- 7377826 TI - Arthritis after measles. PMID- 7377827 TI - Incidence of dental caries in coeliac children. PMID- 7377828 TI - Neonatal effects of maternal therapy with tricyclic antidepressant drugs. PMID- 7377829 TI - Sodium nitroprusside and RDS--primum non nocere. PMID- 7377830 TI - Methods for improving the prognosis of mechanically ventilated infants with RDS. PMID- 7377831 TI - Coeliac disease: duration of gluten-free diet. PMID- 7377833 TI - Chondrodysplasia punctata after warfarin in early pregnancy. Case report and summary of the literature. AB - A third case of chondrodysplasia punctata after exposure to warfarin alone in early pregnancy is described. The clinical course of the child during the first 18 months is outlined. The use of warfarin in early pregnancy must be avoided because of its established teratogenic effects in causing this syndrome, in addition to an overall increase in perinatal mortality. PMID- 7377832 TI - Sleep cycle studies in babies of undernourished mothers. AB - Polygraphic sleep cycle studies--comprising simultaneous recording of electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electro-oculogram (ECOG), phasic body activity and respiration--were performed on 19 term newborn babies born to severely undernourished mothers, and results compared with 19 healthy newborn babies. The sleep cycle in babies of undernourished mothers showed disorganisation during active rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and quiet nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. The sleep disorganisation was more pronounced during quiet NREM sleep when frequent phasic activity and ocular movements were registered, thereby leading to a significant increase in the content of intermediate sleep. Furthermore, the duration of total sleep cycle and its components, active REM and quiet NREM sleep, were significantly shortened. PMID- 7377834 TI - Gluten intolerance, gluten enteropathy, and coeliac disease. PMID- 7377835 TI - Familial hyperparathyroidism. AB - A mother and her 12-year-old son both had a parathyroid adenoma. They represent a further example of dominant inheritance of isolated hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7377836 TI - Primary vesicoureteric reflux in neonates with imperforate anus. AB - Cystography, performed in 26 out of a total of 33 consecutive neonates with imperforate anus, revealed primary vesicoureteric reflux in 12 cases. The reflux was usually pronounced, and was particularly common in females and in infants with urinary tract infections. The incidence of reflux was unrelated to the severity of the anorectal anomaly, and reflux was often demonstrated in patients in whom an intravenous pyelogram had shown an undilated upper renal tract. PMID- 7377837 TI - Raised somatomedin associated with normal growth hormone. A cause of Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome? AB - A child with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is described. Growth hormone levels were normal, but circulating somatomedin activity was increased. The role of somatomedins in this condition, and the possibility of a feedback mechanism controlling somatomedin production are discussed. PMID- 7377838 TI - Recognition of bilateral neonatal testicular torsion. AB - Two cases of bilateral neonatal testicular torsion are reported and combined with 6 previously reported ones. These infants with bilateral testicular torsion are compared with neonates with unilateral torsion. Both have similar signs and symptoms: (1) a swollen bluish-red firm scrotum at birth, and (2) no evidence of spontaneous pain. Infants in neither group had any systemic symptoms. Immediate investigation with reduction is mandatory to prevent testicular atrophy. PMID- 7377840 TI - A suggested child-health clinic form. PMID- 7377841 TI - Wilson's disease, chronic copper poisoning, or Indian childhood cirrhosis? PMID- 7377839 TI - Diagnosis of subclinical rickets. AB - 44 randomly selected infants under age one year with suspected lower respiratory infections were investigated for the presence of subclinical rickets. Seven infants had metaphyseal changes at the wrist compatible with a diagnosis of rickets and all of these infants had 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations less than 12 ng/ml. Serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations were normal in all 44 children. Alkaline phosphatase concentrations did not correlate with the presence of metaphyseal changes. The clinical presence of craniotabes or splaying and loss of definition of the anterior ends of the ribs on x-rays did not correlate with metaphyseal changes at the wrist or with 25-OHD concentrations. An x-ray of the wrist is essential to confirm the presence of subclinical rickets and the at-risk infant can be detected by measuring serum 25-OHD concentrations. PMID- 7377842 TI - Pneumopericardium in a neonate not artificially ventilated. PMID- 7377844 TI - [Indifferentied mesenchyme cell, smooth muscle cell and myofibroblast (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377843 TI - Perinatal listeriosis. PMID- 7377845 TI - [Benign tumours of the liver and oral contraceptives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377848 TI - [An unusual case of uterine leiomyoma; exophytic grape-like development in the pelvic peritoneum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377846 TI - [Ultrastructural study on basement membranes of rectal capillaries in diabetes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377847 TI - [Granuloma faciale. Ultrastructural study of four cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377849 TI - [Periodic paralysis. Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies in five cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377850 TI - [Polyneuritis after use of perhexiline maleate: quantimetric and ultrastructural study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377852 TI - [Benign nevus cells in lymph nodes. Case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377851 TI - [Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome). Description of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7377853 TI - Osteomalacia in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Fifty-four patients with rheumatoid arthritis and severe osteomalacia were found to have considerable bone and general deficiency problems. In 46 of them 14 stress fractures occurred and 32 minimal trauma fractures necessitating admission to hospital. Radiological abnormalities of absorption were found in nearly 25% of the total, implying that dietary factors alone are not always responsible for osteomalacia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A high index of suspicion is necessary in the diagnosis of osteomalacia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, so they may benefit from treatment. PMID- 7377854 TI - A comparison of follow-up regimes in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - One hundred and thirty-two patients discharged from a rheumatology unit were randomly allocated to general practitioner care, attendance at hospital outpatient clinics, or follow-up by a senior occupational therapist attached to the hospital treatment team. At the end of 1 and 2 years a number of clinical and functional tests were applied, and information was gathered about the provision and use of aids and the provision of domestic support. In addition the standard of overall care was judged by an independent assessor. Although no significant intergroup differences in disease activity or function emerged, it is clear that patients prefer continuing contact with the hospital team, and this may lead to differences appearing in the future. The financial advantages of therapist follow up are discussed. PMID- 7377855 TI - Plasma steroid levels after intra-articular injection of prednisolone acetate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis received an intra-articular injection of either 50 mg or 100 mg of prednisolone acetate into the knee joint. After the injection plasma levels of prednisolone were measured by radioimmunoassay and plasma cortisol levels were estimated fluorimetrically. Peak prednisolone levels were reached at between 2 and 4 hours after the intra-articular injection at both dosage levels, though the peak was higher with the larger dose. The 50 mg dose did not have any effect on the plasma cortisol level at 24 or 48 hours, but there was some suppression of plasma cortisol levels for up to 48 hours after the 100 mg dose. PMID- 7377857 TI - Faecal carriage of klebsiella by patients with ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In consecutive samples submitted to a clinical microbiology laboratory 22 out of 99 from outpatients and 23 out of 51 from inpatients yielded Klebsiella sp. A clinical reassessment of outpatients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had not been inpatients within the last year was made for disease activity and drug requirements. 124 patients with AS and 92 with RA were requested at assessment to submit a stool specimen for klebsiella examination, this being carried out without disclosure of the patient's clinical category. Two months later a questionnaire on symptom changes was collected and the results correlated with klebsiella carriage. Eighty-nine patients with AS and 82 patients with RA fulfilled all criteria for assessment. Of those assessed, 24 out of 89 AS patients and 26 out of 82 RA patients had klebsiella in the faeces. There was no correlation betweeh the initial clinical assessment category and klebsiella carriage. Seventy patients with AS and 57 paients with RA had no change in symptoms over the 2-month period. Nineteen AS patients and 31 RA patients noted symptom improvement or worsening. Of these, 3 AS and 10 RA patients had klebsiella in their faeces. There was no correlation between worsening of symptoms over a 2-month period and klebsiella carriage at initial assessment. PMID- 7377856 TI - Effect of one gold salt, of betamethasone, and of aspirin on the chemotaxis of human neutrophils measured in vitro. AB - The effects of 1 gold salt, of betamethasone, and of acetylsalicylate on the chemotaxis of human neutrophils were compared in normal volunteers by means of a modified Boyden chamber. The gold salt inhibited chemotaxis by reducing both cell migration capacity and the capacity of plasma to attract the cell. Betamethasone reduced cell migration capacity, but not the chemoattractant capacity of plasma. Acetylsalicylate had no effect on these functions. PMID- 7377858 TI - C-reactive protein, ESR, and klebsiella in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Serum C reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured on 469 occasions in 149 patients with ankylosing spondylitis who had also been investigated for faecal carriage of klebsiella/enterobacter species on the same occasions. Raised values of CRP and ESR correlated with each other (P less than 0.001) as well as with clinically assessed active disease episodes (P less than 0.001). Patients with positive cultures for klebsiella were found to have higher mean values for CRP and ESR than those with negative cultures (P less than 0.025). CRP appears to be a useful marker of disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 7377859 TI - Value of serum C-reactive protein measurement in the investigation of fever in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was higher when the disease was active than when it was inactive, but was only markedly raised in patients suffering from identifiable microbial infection. CRP levels greater than 60 mg/l suggest the presence of intercurrent infection and may therefore be a valuable aid to the differential diagnosis of pyrexia in SLE. PMID- 7377861 TI - Levamisole-associated neutropenia and autoimmune granulocytotoxins. AB - To investigate possible immune mechanisms responsible for levamisole-associated neutropenia we tested patients with bladder cancer on levamisole therapy. Autoimmune and complement-dependent granulocytotoxic antibodies were detected in 3 patients with levamisole-induced neutropenia. The granulocytopenia appeared to be causally related to the presence of autoantibodies in that pretreatment serum or serum obtained after the restoration of neutrophil counts showed diminished or no granulocytotoxic reactivity. In addition, granulocytotoxins were found in 6 out of 20 (30%) patients receiving levamisole compared to only 2 out of 28 (7.1%) patients on no levamisole or placebo (P less than 0.06). Hence, screening for granulocytotoxins may forewarn of neutropenia in patients receiving levamisole for a variety of clinical diseases. PMID- 7377860 TI - Effect of homologous synovial membrane on adult human articular cartilage in organ culture, and failure to influence it with D-penicillamine. AB - Adult human articular cartilage has been maintained in organ culture for 8 days, and the culture medium, which was changed on alternate days, was pooled. Normal and rheumatoid cartilage was obtained from patients and 4 types of culture were prepared: (1) cartilage alone; (2) cartilage + D-penicillamine; (3) cartilage + homologous synovium; (4) cartilage, synovium, and D-penicillamine. The hexosamines and hexuronic acid were measured in the cartilage explants and in the medium. The quantity released was divided by the amount measured in the original cartilage explant and the different culture variables were compared. D penicillamine did not alter the release of cartilage proteoglycan, but the addition of synovium did. The rheumatoid cartilage released significantly more proteoglycan than normal cartilage whether or not homologous synovium was present. PMID- 7377862 TI - Lack of hidden complement fixing IgM rheumatoid factor in adult seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. AB - IgM rheumatoid factors capable of complement fixation and activation are commonly present in the sera of adults with rheumatoid arthritis. Hidden complement fixing IgM rheumatoid factor has been demonstrated in the majority of patients with juvenile RA and hidden agglutinating IgM rheumatoid factors have been demonstrated in the serum of adults with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. We studied 27 adults with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis and were unable to demonstrate hidden complement fixing IgM rheumatoid factor in their sera. PMID- 7377863 TI - Frequency of chondrocalcinosis of the knees and avascular necrosis of the femoral heads in gout: a controlled study. AB - An association between urate gout and chondrocalcinosis has been suggested in several studies, but the situation remains ill-defined because of lack of appropriate controls, small numbers of patients studied, or retrospective investigation. An association has also been claimed between gout and avascular necrosis of the femoral head. 138 patients with gout and 142 non-gouty control subjects were carefully matched for age and x-rays were taken of the knees and pelvis. Chondrocalcinosis of the knees was detected in 8 patients with gout (5.8%), no cases being found in the control group. The difference is significant (P less than 0.025). Deposits were linear or irregular. Six of the 8 patients gave a history of acute synovitis of the knees; fluid had been aspirated in 2 of them, urate crystals being found in one and no crystals in the other. Six of 8 patients showed evidence of chondrocalcinosis elsewhere. No association was apparent between chondrocalcinosis and the presence of tophaceous deposits or renal impairment, though the duration of gout appeared to be longer in the patients with chondrocalcinosis than in the other gout patients and osteoarthrosis of the knees commoner. There was no evidence of other metabolic disorders commonly associated with chondrocalcinosis. No cases of avascular necrosis of the femoral head were found. PMID- 7377865 TI - Radioactivity studies on 2 synovial specimens after radiation synovectomy with yttrium-90 silicate. AB - Synovial membranes surgically removed from the knees of 2 patients who had received radioactive yttrium-90 silicate have been examined. Autoradiographs showed that in both cases the activity was unevenly distributed over the synovium. One of the specimens, removed 7 weeks after administration of the isotope, was found to contain a slight degree of radioactivity, attributable in part to a long-lived radioactive contaminant. PMID- 7377864 TI - NK and K cell activity of human blood: differences according to sex, age, and disease. AB - We report a study on the activity of NK cells ('natural' killer cells) and K cells (antibody-dependent killer cells) in human peripheral blood in health and disease. The 'targets' used were cells of the Chang cell-line, sensitised with rabbit anti-Chang cell antibody for K cell activity, and killing was assessed by release of radiochromium at effector: target ratios of 50:1 and 100:1. The positive findings were that NK cell activity, but not K cell activity, was greater in males and in youth, that NK cell activity was reduced in systemic lupus erythematosus, that neither NK nor K cell activity was altered in rheumatoid arthritis, and that K cell activity was reduced in chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 7377866 TI - Polyarthritis due to Mycobacterium kansasii in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A case of destructive polyarthritis due to infection by Mycobacterium kansasii is described in a 68-year-old patient with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving prednisone and azathioprine therapy. Superimposed infection was suggested by positive Ziehl-Neelsen stains of synovial fluid from the patient's right shoulder and wrists, with confirmation on culture. Histological examination of synovium revealed abundant noncaseating granulomata within subsynovial cellular infiltrates. Treatment with triple antituberculous chemotherapy resulted in substantial extra-articular improvement within 3 months. However, articular destruction progressed unabated. A high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose joint infections in patients with underlying polyarthritis who are receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The progressive joint damage, despite periarticular resolution, may suggest the need for a combination of surgical synovectomy and antituberculous chemotherapy. PMID- 7377868 TI - An unusual association of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Demodex canis in a mongrel dog with multiple kerions. PMID- 7377867 TI - Why take up rheumatology? PMID- 7377869 TI - Host resistance to tick-borne pathogens by virtue of resistance to tick infestation. PMID- 7377870 TI - Kinetic study of serum lipoproteins, total cholesterol and triacylglycerides in various models of experimental rodent malaria. PMID- 7377871 TI - A study of three isolates of Leishmania donovani from patients with kala-azar in Iraq. PMID- 7377872 TI - Pattern of the nephrotic syndrome in the Sudan. PMID- 7377873 TI - Granule formulations of molluscicides for use in developing countries. PMID- 7377875 TI - Anaemia of infancy and bacterial infections in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 7377874 TI - The chemotherapy of onchocerciasis I. Initial open evaluation of metrifonate. PMID- 7377876 TI - A second record from Iraq of human myiasis caused by larvae of the sheep botfly Oestrus ovis L. PMID- 7377877 TI - Recovery of Giardia lamblia from human duodenal mucus with a home-made pearl fishing device. PMID- 7377878 TI - Experimental infection of mice with Echinococcus granulosus equinus of British origin. PMID- 7377879 TI - Cardiac myxoma and surgical history. PMID- 7377881 TI - Influence of staging in superior sulcus (Pancoast) tumors of the lung. AB - Fifty-three patients with superior sulcus (Pancoast) tumors of the lung followed for up to 12 years by the Armed Forces Central Medical Registry were divided into three groups. In Group 1, preoperative stagin as determined by bone, brain, and liver scans or combinations thereof and the presence of local nodal extension as determined by mediastinoscopy or scalene fat pad biopsy were negative. These 16 patients received preoperative irradiation followed by en bloc resection of the lung and of the involved chest wall in most of them. Five-year survival as determined by the actuarial method was 49.7%. The 12 patients in Group 2 either had localized nodal involvement or were not diagnosed preoperatively. Survival in this group was 13.1%. Group 3 patients were considered inoperable and were given palliative irradiation. There were 25 patients in this group, and survival was 5.5% at 4 years. It would appear that preoperative irradiation and en bloc resection give improved survival in those patients judged free from metastatic disease preoperatively. PMID- 7377883 TI - Thirteen years' experience with the Kay-Shiley disc valve for tricuspid replacement in Ebstein's anomaly. AB - From August, 1965, to November, 1974, 11 patients underwent operation for Ebstein's anomaly. In 1 patient operated on on August 16, 1965, the early Kay Shiley disc valve was used. In the remaining 10 patients, the Kay-Shiley muscle guard valve was inserted. This valve was designed to prevent the prosthesis from encroaching on the right ventricle, thereby increasing the flow around the disc. One patient with a history of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome died of dysrhythmia on the first postoperative day. The other 10 patients have been followed from 4 to 13 years (mean, 6 years 2 months) after operation. Seven patients are working full-time without difficulty, 2 are housewives, and 1 attends school. All patients have improved at least one class in the New York Heart Association Functional Classification. PMID- 7377888 TI - Recent experience with tuberculous pericarditis. AB - Twelve patients with tuberculous pericarditis were found among 1,194 patients with tuberculosis treated at the University of Texas Medical Branch over a 10 year period, an incidence of 1%. Surgical treatment was undertaken in 4 patients, and the rest were treated medically. The surgically treated patients had no major complications, and none of them died. In the medically treated group, however, 1 patient died, 1 had an anaerobic empyema, and 1 experienced respiratory arrest. In addition, the average hospital stay was 33 days less in the surgically treated group. Early surgical intervention should be carried out in patients with tuberculous pericarditis who do not respond promptly to adequate antituberculosis chemotherapy. PMID- 7377886 TI - The intraaortic baloon pump: an analysis of five years' experience. AB - During a five-year period, 178 patients had the intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) inserted for circulatory support. The IABP was used most frequently as an adjunct for weaning patients from cardiopulmonary bypass. Seventy-seven of 103 patients (75%) were successfully weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass with the IABP, and 36 of them (35%) ultimately survived hospitalization. Other indications for the IABP included circulatory support before cardiac operation (16 patients), operative prophylaxis in high-rish patients (13), and postoperative hemodynamic support (23). Additionally, the IABP was placed in 23 patients who did not undergo cardiac operation. The incidence of IABP-related complications was significantly less when the IABP was inserted through the ascending aorta (4%) intraoperatively compared with the femoral or iliac artery (25%) (p less than 0.05). This was due primarily to vascular complications and groin wound infections that occurred with the femoral or iliac artery approach. IABP-related spinal cord paralysis developed in 3 patients (1.7%). We conclude that the IABP is an effective support device for treating patients with left ventricular failure particularly when weaning them from cardiopulmonary bypass. However, the risk of complications, including paraplegia, must be carefully weighed when use of the IABP is considered, especially in situations in which its efficacy is less clear. PMID- 7377884 TI - The Marfan syndrome: surgical technique and follow-up in 50 patients. AB - Fifty patients with Marfan's syndrome underwent operation at the National Heart Hospital because of cardiovascular complications. Forty-six had an aneurysm of the ascending aorta, 13 had chronic dissection, and 6 had acute dissection of the aortic wall. Forty-three aortic valves were incompetent, and five were stenotic and incompetent. One mitral valve had minor regurgitation. The Starr-Edwards prosthesis was used in 36 patients, homograft valves in 4, fascia lata valves in 2, and xenograft valves in 6. The ascending aorta was replaced with a Dacron tube in 40 patients and with an aortic homograft in 2. Three patients required Dacron patches over the aneurysm, and 1 patient had plication of the aortic wall. Early mortality totaled 12% (6 patients). Only 1 of these patients died in the last five years. Reoperations for homograft incompetence, periprosthetic leak, and acute dissection of an unreplaced aorta resulted in 1 hospital death (33%). Forty three patients have been followed for up to 8.5 years (mean, 3.5 years), with 7 late deaths (46.2%). The improvement in recent surgical results with decreased operative mortality supports an aggressive surgical approach to Marfan's syndrome in view of the poor prognosis for the natural history of this disease. PMID- 7377882 TI - Emergency heart valve replacement: an analysis of 170 patients. AB - The results of 170 emergency heart valve procedures performed during a 4 1/2-year period were analyzed. Five pathological groups of patients were recognized: those with infective endocarditis (Group 1, 28 patients); acute rheumatic carditis (Group 2, 43 patients); previous valve operation (Group 3, 29 patients); acute-on chronic cardiac disease (Group 4, 67 patients); and miscellaneous conditions (Group 5, 3 patients). Mitral, aortic, and multiple valve procedures were performed on 58, 65, and 44 patients, respectively. The most common functional lesion was regurgitation. Hospital mortality was highest in Groups 3 (34%) and 4 (31%). By contrast, among the hospital survivors, the highest rate of attrition was in Group 2. Myocardial failure was the predominat cause of death. In view of the hopeless prognosis without operation, the 52% overall 3-year actuarial survival is a gratifying salvage. Unnecessary procrastination can only jeopardize the prospects for surgical cure. PMID- 7377885 TI - Acute hemodynamic alterations after mitral valve replacement with the glutaraldehyde-treated porcine heterograft prosthesis. AB - Perioperative hemodynamic changes following mitral valve replacement using the porcine heterograft prosthesis were measured in 21 patients with acquired mitral valve disease. Preoperatively, a state of compensatory cardiac failure was suggested by the following: an increased heart rate (HR) (96 beats per minute); low cardiac and stroke volume (SVI) indices (2.3 +/- 0.10 L/min/m2 and 25 +/- 2 ml/beat/m2); and increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (1,626 +/- 116 DYNE SEC CM-5). Bothe the mean pulmonary artery PAP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures (PCWP) were elevated as well (32 +/- 3 and 22 +/- 2 torr). Immediate hemodynamic improvement followed valve replacement. HR, SVR, PAP, and PCWP all decreased significantly. Twenty-four hours after valve replacement, PAP (23 +/- 1 torr) and PCWP (13 +/- 1 torr) demonstrated marked declines, SVR was reduced by one-third (1,173 +/- 87 dyne sec cm-5), HR had decreased by 10 beats per minute, and SVI had increased to 30 +/- 2 ml/beat/m2. The prompt circulatory improvement of patients soon after mitral valve replacement using the porcine heterograft compares favorably with studies in which other valve types were employed and in which postoperative cardiovascular depression was encountered frequently. PMID- 7377887 TI - Management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm babies. AB - There is a higher incidence of delayed closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in premature babies with respiratory distress syndrome. From July, 1975, to December, 1977, 57 small, preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus were diagnosed at our neonatal intensive care unit. From July, 1975, until September, 1976 (first period), 23 patients were diagnosed, and 11 underwent surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus. There were 3 early deaths. From October, 1976, until December, 1977, out of a total of 34 patients with diagnosed patent ductus, 18 were treated with indomethacin, and only 3 required ligation. Our present policy for patent ductus arteriosus with respiratory distress syndrome in the premature baby is to initiate early treatment with indomethacin. If this treatment fails and the infant's status deteriorates, we perform early surgical ligation of the ductus in order to minimize the time on mechanical ventilation and lessen the chances of the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PMID- 7377889 TI - The distribution patterns of biatrial myxomas. AB - Biatrial myxomas are extremely rare, and by 1970 only three of eight attempts at removal had been successful. Another successful removal, the difficulty of establishing the biatrial nature of a myxoma by echocardiography, and a summary of the distribution patterns of biatrial myxomas are presented here. In more than 50% of patients, both pedicles grew into separate atrial chambers from a common location in the atrial septum. The surgical implications are discussed. PMID- 7377880 TI - Cardiac myxoma. AB - Ten patients with cardiac myxoma were reviewed. The ranged from 23 months to 60 years old. Echocardiography was the most helpful noninvasive diagnostic technique. The tumor was demonstrated by angiocardiography, left atrial myxomas frequently migrating to the left ventricle in diastole. Hemodynamically, left atrial myxomas were associated with moderately severe pulmonary hypertension and simulated mitral stenosis or insufficiency and right atrial myxomas, with right atrial hypertension. There were 7 myxomas in the left atrium, 2 in the right atrium, and 1 in the right ventricle. Eight patients underwent open-heart operation with removal of the myxoma, 1 had concomitant tricuspid valve replacement, and 1 had biopsy of the right ventricle only. The other patient was a Jehovah's Witness and refused operation. One patient died of cardiac arrest intraoperatively, and another died of a bilateral cerebral infarct. One patient had recurrence requiring reoperation. Postoperative hemodynamic and clinical improvement was more striking in patients with a left atrial myxoma presumably due to a normal mitral valve in contradistinction to the tricuspid valve. PMID- 7377891 TI - To pulse or not to pulse. PMID- 7377892 TI - Pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine in the dog. AB - 1. The pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine was studied in dogs after oral administration of two pharmaceutical preparations. Adsorption was rapid, however, the drug was much better absorbed from a liquid preparation than from tablets. Plasma concentrations declined with an elimination half-life of 1.5 hr. Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, which is equipotent with carbamazepine as an anticonvulsant, was rapidly formed and reached plasma concentrations higher than those of the mother compound. The concentrations of the epoxide remained high as long as plasma concentrations of carbamazepine were above 2--4 nmole/ml, then they fell with an average half-life of 2.2 hr. 2. During continued treatment with daily doses of 0.34--0.38 mmole/kg carbamazepine, plasma concentrations showed a pronounced and progressive decline from Day 2 which is considered as the result of induction of microsomal liver enzymes. 3. Carbamazepine and the epoxide pass into CSF at a rate comparable to that of phenobarbital or barbital and primidone, respectively. 4. Binding to serum proteins was about 70% for carbamazepine and 40% for the epoxide in dog serum; slightly higher values were found for human serum. PMID- 7377890 TI - Temperature-related pacemaker tachycardia. AB - A case of sudden increase in rate of an implanted ventricular-inhibited pacemaker is reported. Testing of the unit at room temperature revealed the measurements to be entirely within normal limits. Subsequent electrical testing at a temperature of 38 degrees C confirmed the abrupt increase in rate of the unit. PMID- 7377893 TI - Potentiation of pentobarbitone sleeping time by chloroquine in the rat. AB - The effects of chronic administration of chloroquine on pentobarbitone sleeping time was studied in albino rats. Administration of chloroquine (20 mg/kg s.c.) for 21 days significantly increased pentobarbitone sleeping time by 16--105% within that period. A combination of chloroquine (20 mg/kg s.c.) and pentobarbitone (20 mg/kg s.c.) not only antagonised the usual decreased pentobarbitone sleeping time when pentobarbitone is given alone but also increased it by 34--56% within 7--14 days. In chloroquine chronic pretreated rats injection of sub-anaesthetic doses of pentobarbitone (20 mg/kg i.p.) produced anaesthesia for 42.15 +/- 4.6 min while untreated rats became only ataxic. It has been suggested that these effects of chloroquine may be due to a decrease in the metabolism of pentobarbitone in the liver. PMID- 7377894 TI - The excretion of coumarin and hydroxycoumarins by the avian kidney in vivo. AB - The mechanics involved in the renal excretion of C14-labeled coumarin (C), 7 hydroxycoumarin (7HC) and 4-hydroxycoumarin (4HC) were studied in unanesthetized chickens by use of the Sperber technique. Analysis of urine collected during unilateral portal infusion of C, 4HC or 7HC indicated that the chicken excreted these coumarins almost entirely in conjugated form. Both 7HC and 4HC appeared in the urine only as the corresponding glucuronide. During C infusion, 84% of excreted radioactivity was identified as 7HC-glucuronide with only 8% appearing as a conjugate of open-ring metabolite o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPAA). This demonstrated that, unlike other commonly-used laboratory animals, the chicken excretes C in a manner similar to man and suggests that this species is the most appropriate model for C pharmacodynamic studies applicable to humans. Comparative analysis of urines from the infused and control side kidneys indicated that neither C or 4HC undergoes net tubular secretion. In contrast 7HC was excreted by an active process which was significantly inhibited by simultaneous probenecid infusion. In addition it was demonstrated that the renal tubule cells conjugate 7HC as it crosses from blood to lumen suggesting that the kidney may contribute to the metabolism of C. PMID- 7377895 TI - K+-depolarization: an alternative method of inhibiting extraneuronal uptake on isolated tissue preparations? AB - Responses to isoprenaline were not potentiated by extraneuronal uptake (ENU) inhibitor drugs (phenoxybenzamine and metanephrine) in preparations of guinea-pig uterus which were contracted by K+-Krebs solution. Fluorescence histochemical experiments demonstrated that isoprenaline could accumulate extraneuronally in uterine smooth muscle and that this accumulation was inhibited by phenoxybenzamine and metanephrine. However, accumulation was also inhibited by K+ Krebs solution. Therefore, it was concluded that the failure of ENU inhibitor drugs to potentiate isoprenaline responses on K+-depolarized uterine preparations might occur because the uptake mechanism had already been inhibited by the K+ Krebs solution. Support for this hypothesis was obtained from experiments on guinea-pig tracheal preparations in which ENU inhibitor drugs had previously been shown to potentiate isoprenaline responses. In K+-depolarized tracheal preparations this potentiation did not occur presumably because the K+-Krebs solution had already inhibited the uptake. Thus K+-depolarization of a tissue may provide an alternative to the use of extraneuronal uptake inhibitor drugs when it is necessary to eliminate this site of loss in quantitative studies on beta adrenoceptors in isolated tissues. PMID- 7377896 TI - Effect of acetylcholine on phasic and tonic components of vascular smooth muscle contraction. PMID- 7377897 TI - Effects of Ginkgo Biloba on changes induced by quantitative cerebral microembolization in rats. AB - Unilateral embolization of the brain was performed in rats by the intracarotid injection of 4000 radioactive microspheres (50 micron). The local blood flow was determined using the iodoantipyrine technique in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, striatum and remainder of the brain. Embolization resulted in a decrease in the blood flow and a modification of the distribution of microflow. Besides, the embolization produced changes in energy metabolism, specially a fall in ATP and glucose levels and an increase in lactate level. Subsequently severe vasogenic cerebral edema developed. There was a correlation between the number of microspheres injected and the extent of edema. Pretreatment with an extract of Ginkgo Biloba leaves partially suppressed the effects of the embolization. An increase in the blood flow associated with normalization of cellular energy metabolism explained the decrease in brain edema. PMID- 7377898 TI - 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors. Contractile activity and mode of inhibition by methysergide in mammalian intracranial and extracranial vessels. AB - The contractile effect of 5-HT on intra- and extracranial arteries from rabbit, cat, dog and man and its interaction with methysergide was investigated. ED50 and EAm values for 5-HT from both types of arteries differed. Intracranial arteries stimulated by 5-HT were more sensitive to methysergide than extracranial arteries. In intracranial vessels the methysergide antagonism is non-competitive while in extracranial it is competitive. These differences might suggest a heterogeneity of 5-HT receptors located within the cranial circulation. PMID- 7377899 TI - Bronchopulmonary effects of dopamine in the guinea-pig. AB - The effects of dopamine (DA) were studied in vivo on the pulmonary airway resistance of the unanaesthetized guinea-pig, and in vitro, on the isolated trachea of the same animal. DA relaxes the isolated trachea previously contracted by ACh, but only at very high concentrations (10(-4) to 10(-3) M) and appears to be approximately 7000 times less active than isoprenaline (ISO). The relaxation caused by DA is: (1) diminished by pretreatment with cocaine or reserpine indicating an indirect effect linked to a release of endogenous catecholamines; (2) increased by phentolamine, suggesting a masked contracting alpha-adrenergic component; (3) completely abolished by propranolol through competitive antagonism. In vivo, DA reduces the increase in pulmonary airway resistance provoked by ACh. Its action, which is mainly beta-adrenergic, is, nevertheless, 1.4 x 10(5) times less than that of ISO. Thus, dopaminoreceptors do not seem to exist in the tracheobronchial smooth muscle of the guinea-pig. DA only has partial beta-adrenergic agonistic action at that site. PMID- 7377900 TI - Role of catecholamines in the central and peripheral actions of steroidal contraceptives. AB - The role of catecholamines in the mechanism of antiovulatory and other effects of steroidal contraceptive drugs has been studied in adult, healthy, nonpregnant female rats. It has been observed that oral administration of steroidal contraceptive pills (Lyndiol or Ovulen) daily for 14 days significantly reduced brain noradrenaline levels. This reduction in brain noradrenaline levels by these agents may be responsible for their antiovulatory and other central effects such as depression. The steroidal contraceptives were also found to significantly decrease the adrenaline content of adrenal glands without affecting the catecholamines content of heart and uterus. The significance of these findings in relation to cardiovascular and uterine complications of steroidal contraceptive drugs cannot be stated. PMID- 7377901 TI - Effect of intracerebroventricular administration of opioid peptides on urinary function in the conscious goat. AB - The effects of methionine(met)-enkephalin, leucine(leu)-enkephalin, beta endorphin and blocking substances upon renal function were studied in conscious goats. Injections were made through a permanent cannula into the 3rd ventricle. Leu- and met-enkaphalin, as well as beta-endorphin induced an antidiuretic response to the pituitary type. The responses to beta-endorphin were found to be dose-dependent. Pretreatment with naloxone, either into the 3rd ventricle or into the jugular vein, antagonised the antidiuretic responses to injected opioid peptides with the magnitude of the inhibition being dependent upon the dose. Atropine, hexamethonium or phentolamine did not interfere with the antidiuretic activity of beta-endorphin. Injection of naloxone alone into the 3rd ventricle of goats with a normal water balance, induced both a diuretic response and an increase in free water clearance. It is suggested that the opioid peptides are acting selectively on opiate receptors to influence the release of antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 7377902 TI - Nickel, a component of factor F430 from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. AB - Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, growing on medium supplemented with 2 mumol 63NiCl2/l, was found to take up 1.2 mumol 63Ni per g cells (dry weight). More than 70% of the radioisotope was incorporated into a compound, which dissociated from the protein fraction after heat treatment, was soluble in 70% acetone, and could be purified by chromatography on QAE-Sephadex A-25, Sephadex G-25, and DEAE cellulose. The purified 63Ni labelled compound had an absorption spectrum and properties identical to those of factor F430 and is therefore considered to be identical with factor F430. PMID- 7377903 TI - Degradation of pyrimidine bases in Clostridium sticklandii. AB - Resting cells of Clostridium sticklandii took up thymine or uracil, when grown in a medium containing 40 mM serine and 20 mM thymine or uracil. The uptake was much lower, when the cells had been grown in a complex medium. Cell-free extracts from cells grown in the complex medium reduced the two bases to the dihydro compounds and decomposed dihydrothymine to beta-ureidoisobutyrate, as indicated by thin layer chromatography. Uptake and degradation were stimulated by both NADH and NADPH. Further breakdown did not occur, as 14CO2 was not evolved from C-2 labelled thymine or uracil. The rates of pyrimidine uptake and breakdown of C. sticklandii were lower than those reported for C. sporogenes (Hilton et al., 1975). PMID- 7377904 TI - Oxygen utilization by Lactobacillus plantarum. I. Oxygen consuming reactions. AB - Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 8014) cells, grown aerobically on glucose medium, consumed molecular oxygen when incubated with either glucose, D/L-lactate or pyruvate as substrate. Cell extracts catalyzed the oxidation of NADH, D/L-lactate of pyruvate with O2. Per mol O2 2mol of NADH were consumed indicating that O2 was reduced to H2O; reduction proceeded via H2O2 involving a NADH oxidase and a NADH peroxidase. Catalase activity was absent. Pyruvate oxidation with O2 led to the formation of H2O2, lactate oxidation to the formation of H2O. Thus in L. plantarum different mechanisms are available by which molecular oxygen can be used as electron acceptor for oxidation reactions. PMID- 7377906 TI - Suicide and age in Alberta, Canada, 1951 to 1977. The changing profile. AB - The changing contribution of suicide among young persons to the entire suicide profile was examined. Using Alberta Vital Statistics data for the years 1951 to 1977 inclusive, suicide age profiles were constructed for each census year; age specific changes in rates were compared; suicides by persons aged 15 to 29 years were expressed as a percentage of all suicides 15 years old and older by year and compared to corresponding population figures. Analyses were done for men and women separately and combined. The suicide age profile has shown a significant rise in rates among the young compared with older age groups and the number of suicides by persons between the ages of 15 and 29 has increased to a greater extent than can be explained by shifts in the age structure of the Alberta population. PMID- 7377907 TI - Suicide and age in Alberta, Canada, 1951 to 1977. A cohort analysis. AB - A cohort analysis was undertaken of the 4,315 deaths by suicide registered in Alberta, Canada, Vital Statistics between the years of 1951 and 1977, inclusive. Age, gender, and year of death were available in all but two instances. Five-year age cohorts were identified and their suicide rates were followed as the cohorts aged. Analyses were done for men and women separately and combined. Suicide rates increased directly with age, regardless of gender for each cohort observed. Once a cohort entered the 15- to 19-year-old age range with a high rate of suicide, the rate for that cohort remained consistently high as it aged. PMID- 7377905 TI - Growth and physiology of potassium-limited chemostat cultures of Paracoccus denitrificans. PMID- 7377908 TI - Suicide risk by birth cohort in the United States, 1949 to 1974. AB - Following the demonstration by Solomon and Hellon that in the past 30 years, successive birth cohorts in Alberta, Canada, carry successively higher suicide risks as they age, we examined data by birth cohort in the Vital Statistics of the United States by race and sex over a similar period. We found the same phenomenon, in reduced magnitude, in birth cohorts of much greater size. Not only does each successive birth cohort start with a higher suicide rate, at each successive five-year interval it has a higher rate than the preceding cohort had at that age. The regularity of this phenomenon over the past 25 years in the United States implies continually rising suicide rates in these birth cohorts. It suggests that whatever the cause of this effect, it is early and lasting. Birth cohort analysis appears to offer an important new tool for studying suicide. Its implications have only begun to be examined. PMID- 7377909 TI - Life events and depressive disorder reviewed. I. Events as predisposing factors. AB - I reviewed studies examining the hypothesis that life events that occur during childhood or early adolescence may predispose a person to a depression in adulthood. Of studies that compared the incidence of childhood bereavement or other childhood loss events among depressed patients and controls, the majority found an increased incidence among the depressives. Although discrepant negative findings exist, it seems that the childhood loss of a parent by death generally increases depressive risk by a factor of about 2 or 3. In addition, early loss events also seem to be related to the severity of subsequent depression and to attempted suicide. Despite this significant association between childhood loss events and depression, most depressives have not experienced an early loss event, and clearly other causal factors are operative as well. PMID- 7377910 TI - Life events and depressive disorder reviewed. II. Events as precipitating factors. AB - I reviewed studies examining the hypothesis that life events may precipitate a depressive disorder. Although some contradictory results exist, the majority of studies demonstrate that depressed patients experience more stressful events in the months that precede the onset of their disorder than do normal controls or schizophrenics. In calculating relative risk figures, it seems that depressive risk is increased by a factor of about 5 or 6 for the six months after an event. Certain events, such as undesirable, loss, or severely threatening events, are particularly likely to precede a depression. These results suggest that stressful events can bring about depressive episodes, but most of the evidence that supports this conclusion emanates from retrospective studies, and corroborating prospective studies are definitely needed. Furthermore, not all depressives report precipitating events, so other causal factors are also operative. PMID- 7377911 TI - Amitriptyline once daily vs three times daily in depressed outpatients. AB - Two dosage schedules of amitriptyline hydrochloride, once daily vs three times daily, were compared in a group of 124 nonpsychotic depressed outpatients. After four weeks of treatment, patients on the once daily schedule had improved significantly more than patients receiving multiple doses on both physician and patient measures. The two groups did not differ in their attrition rates nor in reporting of side effects. Since treatment response to the tricyclic antidepressants is often delayed, once-daily dosage seems to offer a distinct advantage over more conventional multiple doses in depressed outpatients. PMID- 7377912 TI - Development of alcoholism in adoptees raised apart from alcoholic biologic relatives. AB - Male adoptees raised apart from alcoholic biologic parents were followed up and compared with adoptees of nonalcoholic biologic parents. Significant associations were found between adoptee alcoholism and an alcoholic biologic background and between childhood conduct disorder and the development of alcoholism as an adult. None of the environmental factors--psychiatric or alcohol problems in adoptive family, socioeconomic status of the adoptive family, or exposure to discontinuous mothering as an infant--predicted adoptee alcoholism. These findings suggest the importance of a genetic factor in alcoholism and are in accord with previous work that failed to show an independent effect of an alcoholic environment in development of adoptee alcoholism. PMID- 7377913 TI - Studies of familial and nonfamilial alcoholism. I. Demographic studies. AB - This study supports the notion that a group of familial alcoholics can be isolated that is significantly different on many parameters from nonfamilial alcoholics and that this may have implications for diagnostic classification, prognosis, and treatment. A group of 7,064 military men admitted to naval residential alcoholic treatment programs were categorized into two groups: (1) those who reported no incidence of any family history of problems related to drinking; and (2) those who reported at least one family member with a possible drinking problem. These two cohort groups were compared in terms of demographic and behavioral variables obtained from a biographical questionnaire. It was found that the group with a family history of alcoholism had more severe symptomatology of alcoholism, more antisocial behavior, worse academic and social performance in school, less stable employment histories, more severe physical symptoms related to alcohol, and a background of larger families with lower socioeconomic status and more psychopathology. PMID- 7377914 TI - Blood alcohol level discrimination. The effects of family history of alcoholism, drinking pattern, and tolerance. AB - Alcoholics seem less able than nonalcoholics to maintain blood alcohol level (BAL) estimation accuracy after discrimination training focused on changes in internal sensations during intoxication. To identify factors associated with this phenomenon, nonalcoholic subjects participated in an experiment that examined the effects of family history of alcoholism, drinking pattern, and behavioral tolerance to alcohol on BAL discrimination. Blood alcohol level estimates were made during baseline, training, and posttraining sessions. Groups of subjects differing in family history or drinking pattern did not differ in BAL estimation accuracy. "Low tolerant" subjects, however, were substantially more accurate than "high tolerant" subjects in posttraining BAL estimation. This finding suggests that the development of tolerance may relate to the inability to discriminate BAL, a finding which, if confirmed, has important causal and treatment implications. PMID- 7377915 TI - Effects of tolerance on the anxiety-reducing function of alcohol. AB - Thirty-two male social drinkers were arranged into two tolerance groups, based on changes in standing stability after ingestion of alcohol. Subjects consumed either a large (1.0 g/kg) or small (0.5 g/kg) dose of alcohol. On finishing their drinks, subjects were requested to interact with a female confederate whose continued silence induced anxiety. Heart rate, skin conductance, overt behavior, and self-report measures were taken. Heart rate increased more at the small than the large dose, consistent with the tension-reduction hypothesis. Further, heart rate of high-tolerance subjects increased significantly more than that of low tolerance subjects, which suggests that alcohol was less effective at tension reduction for the high-tolerance group. Finally, measures of both skin conductance and heart rate showed significant dose-by-tolerance interactions. High-tolerance subjects were more aroused than were low-tolerance subjects at the small but not at the large dose, suggesting that high-tolerance subjects must consume more alcohol to achieve the same autonomic effect experienced by the low tolerance subjects. PMID- 7377916 TI - Naloxone-induced behavioral and physiological effects in normal and manic subjects. AB - Intravenous naloxone hydrochloride (20 mg) was administered to eight normal control subjects and 12 affective disorder patients manifesting manic or hypomanic symptoms. On two consecutive days, in a counterbalanced order, naloxone and placebo were given in a double-blind crossover design. The overall effect of naloxone was to decrease pulse rate and to promote lethargy and inactivation. The normal controls manifested reduced feelings of well-being, and the manic patients noted a subjective sense of slowing. There was a variable response pattern to naloxone in the manic patients in which four of the 12 patients manifested an observable reduction in their manic symptoms and behavior after the naloxone administration. Naloxone seems to have had a nonspecific subduing effect in both normal subjects and patients and may also have had a selectively greater effect in a small subsample of the manics. PMID- 7377918 TI - Success and failure in time-limited psychotherapy. A systematic comparison of two cases: comparison 1. AB - Why do some patients succeed in psychotherapy whereas others fail? Moreover, what can be learned from a comparison of two comparable patients treated by the same therapist under very similar conditions? Two cases drawn from the Vanderbilt Psychotherapy Project, a controlled study of process and outcome, were studied with a view toward deepening scientific and clinical understanding of time limited psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Analyses of this kind are also important because the typical psychotherapy outcome study largely ignores individual cases entering into data of "average improvement." Based on systematic outcome and process measures, combined with a detailed study of complete process recordings, the case histories presented herein were those of two young men suffering from anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal who were treated by the same psychotherapist. The results of this analysis, the first of a series, suggest that therapy outcomes are importantly determined by the patient's ability to take advantage of the particular relationship the therapist has to offer; conversely, therapy fails if there is a poor match on these dimensions. Pertinent variables are further specified. PMID- 7377919 TI - Surgical treatment of painful congenital dislocation of the hip. PMID- 7377917 TI - Variability in the Y chromosome and variability of human behavior. AB - Two kinds of variability in the Y chromosome have been assessed in relation to variability of human behavior. The first is the presence of a supernumerary Y chromosome, which is found in two karyotypic variants, 47,XYY and 48,XXYY. The second is inherited variability in the length of the Y chromosome, which results from variability in the length of the quinacrine-binding fluorescent segment. In this article, I review the evidence that these two kinds of variability in the Y chromosome are related to variability of human behavior, and I indicate the methodological and statistical difficulties that are encountered in assessments of such a relationship. My final purpose is to underscore the need for mapping of the Y chromosome and to elucidate the function of the constitutive heterochromatin that constitutes its fluorescent segment so that progress can be made in the study of the Y chromosome and the possible effect of its variability on behavior. PMID- 7377921 TI - Injuries of the distal radial epiphysis. AB - From 1964 to 1971 76 children with injuries of the wrist near the radial epiphysis were treated. On this occasion secondary injuries of the ulnar epiphysis, the styloid process ulnae, as well as concommitant bend-fractures of the distal ulna were found. Thirty-one of the patients were able to undergo a clinical and X-ray follow-up program. Restricted movements were not found; however radiologically deviations especially dorsally up to 15 degrees were found. In 5 concommitant strain fractures of the styloid process ulnae 4 pseudarthrotic healings of these strain fractures could be seen. During the follow-up these patients complained of pain after extended periods of utilisation or work involving the wrist. In 2 more patients, also complaining of pain after longer usage of the wrist joint, no objective cause could be found. The possibility of a posttraumatic structural disturbance in the distal radio-ulnar joint is discussed. PMID- 7377920 TI - Cryolesions of bone. An experimental study. part II: Results of cryosurgery on bone. AB - After freezing-devitalisation of rabbit tibia bone, a slow resorption and substitution by new bone within a period of 6 months could be demonstrated. Intramedullary freezing combined with internal fixation of an osteotomy in the frozen area was followed by a delayed healing. Angiographic studies showed an almost normal circulation after freezing of the main vessels. PMID- 7377922 TI - The influence of zinc on bone healing in rats. AB - The importance and necessity of the trace element zinc for tissue restitution after injuries has been known for a long time. The influence of zinc on the healing of tibial fractures in rats is studied by daily administration of 0.6 mg zinc-dl-aspartate compared to a non-treated control group. There is a significant decrease of bone-zinc concentration after fracture. This decrease can be balanced out by zinc administration. There are no significant alterations in serum levels of zinc in both groups. Fracture healing is not affected. Zinc accumulates in bones. PMID- 7377923 TI - Biomechanics of the femoral neck. Calculation of pressure and tension distribution in the human femoral neck, applying principles of the theory of elasticity and strength of materials. AB - Theoretical aspects on the influence of the shape of the human femoral neck in terms of tension intensifying slots are presented. Static stress is calculated. It is shown that tension in the cranial periphery of the neck is twice as high as expected. The pressure at Adam's arc is 1.5 times higher. Further it is shown that tension does not increase from neutral centre to periphery in a linear but in a parabolic function. PMID- 7377924 TI - How to increase the stability of external fixation units. Mechanical tests and theoretical studies. AB - From general physical laws simple formulae have been deduced from which the rigidity of an external fixation unit mounted in different ways becomes mathematically calculable. Furthermore, the stability of various mounting systems under bending forces was investigated experimentally. Particular attention was paid to details of operating technique which are of special importance to the stability of the whole construction. The calculated data are consistent with the mechanical test results. The best arrangement of the Steinmann pins and Schanz screws is discussed, and how to mount the frame optimally, depending on the specific type and location of the fracture. Special instructions concerning the mounting of the external fixation unit are given which, depending on the specific circumstances, guarantee optimum stability of the unit. PMID- 7377925 TI - Load-bearing pattern of the ankle joint. Contact area and pressure distribution. AB - The contact area of eight human talocrural joints was measured. After preparation, the talocrural joint was set into the compression machine. Under loading the casting was made by silicon rubber and the pressure distribution was measured by pressure sensor sheet. The contact area was localized at anterior and lateral parts. Under 1,500 N loading, the contact area was 522 mm2 and the maximum pressure was 9.9 MPa. Slight diastasis caused a decrease of the contact area and an increase of pressure. PMID- 7377926 TI - Cryolesions of bone. An experimental study. part I: Examinations in technique of controlled cryolesion on bone. AB - Three different approaches of freezing rabbit tibia bones are demonstrated. Intramedullary freezing seems to be the safest method to avoid soft tissue necrosis. Bone specimens removed immediately after the freezing-thawing process showed electron optically evidence of irreversible damage of bone cells in all cases. PMID- 7377928 TI - Cytodiagnosis of soft tissue tumors and tumor-like conditions by means of fine needle aspiration biopsy. AB - In the evaluation of soft tissue tumors primary sarcomas must be differentiated from other malignancies, such as cancer metastases, malignant lymphomas, as well as benign tumors and tumor-like conditions. As far as possible this should be done without open biopsy to avoid local spread. Fine needle aspiration biopsy as opposed to thick needle biopsy utilizes smaller needle diameters up to 0.8 mm with assumed negligible risks of local or distant tumor spread. Such a fine needle aspiration biopsy for cytodiagnosis was supposed to increase the reliability of the preoperative diagnosis. In a consecutive series of 187 patients referred to an orthopedic oncology group because of suspected malignancy fine needle aspiration biopsy was made. In 129 cases with histology and in 49 non operated cases with at least 2 years of clinical follow-up the reliability of the method is analyzed. In 163 cases the aspirated material was sufficient for a diagnosis and 152 cytological reports were correct regarding the diagnosis of a malignancy contra a benign tumor or tumor-like condition. Thirty-five of 43 malignancies were primary soft tissue sarcomas, 28 of these with a correct cytologic diagnosis of sarcoma. Eight were malignant lymphomas or carcinomas. Fourty-nine patients with 48 benign and one malignant cytological diagnosis were not operated upon. At least 2 years of clinical follow-up confirmed a benign diagnosis in these cases. The total reliability is thus around 85%. Fine needle aspiration biopsy is considered to be a very valuable complement to other investigations in the diagnostic work-up of soft tissue tumors. PMID- 7377927 TI - Surgical correction of hallux valgus. AB - Surgical treatment of hallux valgus was carried out by a procedure which comprises lengthening of extensor tendons, interposition of a capsular flap, and attachment of the periosteocapsular cover with distributed tension in addition to the routine excision of a sufficiently large portion of the first phalanx and metatarsal head. Impairment of function and persistent pain were considered more important in the indication for operation of hallux valgus than the cosmetic demands. Of 142 patients operated upon, 117 patients displayed a satisfactory result applying morphologic and functional criteria. PMID- 7377929 TI - A supplementary instrumentation for posterior fusion of spine on scoliosis. A preliminary report. AB - A new type of compression instrumentation for posterior spondylodesis in scoliosis is presented. The innovation in the instrumentation, which is composed of a compression and transverse stabilizing system, is the use of gear teeth on the threaded rods which can be moved by a special wrench with gear teeth transmission. The advantages of the new instrument are: 1. Simplification of the operative technique. 2. Reduction of operation time. 3. Improvement of correction effect through the balanced tension of the entire compression and transverse stabilization system. PMID- 7377930 TI - The use of heel posting orthotic techniques for relief of heel pain. AB - The case history is reported of a 56 year old male patient with heel pain. The treatment consisted of the design of a cushioned accomodative orthotic with high density rubber cushioning (Rubazote). The Podiatrist and technician combined to fabricate an orthotic device which relieved the heel pain. The orthotic was fabricated form heavy rubazote in order to cushion the heel strike. An assessment of the gait pattern and subsequent adjustment to the foot-ankle complex resulted in a satisfactory treatment. PMID- 7377931 TI - Experimental investigations of primary healing and remodeling of lyophilized connective tissue dependent on the graft bed. PMID- 7377934 TI - Triceps tendon transfer for paralysis of the elbow flexors. PMID- 7377935 TI - Chondroblastoma of the patella. PMID- 7377932 TI - Electronic studies of gait disturbances. A new method of gait examination in patients with arthrodesis of the ankle and/or subtalar joint. AB - A follow-up study on 160 patients with an arthrodesis of the ankle and/or subtalar joint has been made. Besides clinical and roentgenological examinations the gait of the patients was checked with a new electronic device. In addition we tested the pressure distribution underneath the sole of the affected foot and compared it to the contralateral side. This was found to be a valuable contribution to the examination methods used and can help to give a more objective judgement of the patients subjective complaints. Besides confirming known facts it was found that there were divergent results of electronic gait studies from examinations which are based on the usual clinical and X-ray studies. This may help to improve the patient's gait by correcting mechanical aids or, in rare cases, indicating another operation. PMID- 7377933 TI - Outpatient arthroscopy under local anesthesia. AB - Arthroscopy under general anesthesia is carried out today by many orthopedic surgeons. Endoscopy of joints under general anesthetic conditions seems to be too much effort for diagnostic purposes only. These reflections gave reason to perform arthroscopy as an outpatient examination under local anesthesia. From 1977 to 1979, 160 outpatient arthroscopies have been carried out at the University Hospital of Orthopedic Surgery in Dusseldorf. Preparation, technique, complications, and problems of this procedure are discussed. PMID- 7377938 TI - Nerve conduction velocity: relationship of skin, subcutaneous and intramuscular temperatures. PMID- 7377936 TI - An analysis of 119 loosenings in total hip endoprostheses. AB - One hundred nineteen loosenings of Muller total hip endoprostheses are analyzed. These arise from 1,407 operations performed between 1969 and October 1977. Deep infections occurred in 7 cases (0.5%). Loosening after a minimum of 5 years occurred in 15.3%. Of these the stem only was involved in 73.7%, stem and socket in 11.8% and the socket only in 14.5%. Seventy-eight per cent of the loose femoral components had been implanted in a varus position, with a long neck showing a higher incidence of failure, along with cases of implantation for osteoarthritis with cystic changes of the femoral head. In six cases the femoral component broke. This occurred twice in the acetabular component. Pain and loosening seemed to occur at the same time, and was unusual more than 5 years after the operation. When loosening occurred later, it was frequently caused by a fall. PMID- 7377937 TI - Clinical valutation of late results of surgical therapy for protruded lumbar intervertebral disc. AB - After examining various clinical reports and investigations on 107 patients operated on for hernia of the lumbar disc and having compared them with the surgical pathological and anatomical picture, the authors evaluate late results which in 83% are excellent. In 16% of the cases there was a return of sciatic pain and the results of reoperation are noted. PMID- 7377939 TI - Nerve conduction studies in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries. AB - Twenty-nine patients with cervical spinal cord lesions were tested extensively by upper extremity nerve conduction between 7 days and 15 years postinjury. Certain patients were retested serially to determine if slow progressive lesions occur in this population. Statistically significant abnormalities were found in the periphery, with a time-scale tentatively established as to when these lesions become detectable. Possible late anterior horn cell or motor root lesions were found in 17% of extremities tested. PMID- 7377940 TI - Segmental demyelinating disease: reliability of nerve conduction measurements. AB - Serial nerve conduction studies were done in 5 patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome, 4 of whom were recovering and 1 who did not recover. In a total of 20 paired studies, the nerve conduction velocity deteriorated in spite of improvement in distal and proximal latencies in 5 cases, and nerve conduction velocity improved in spite of deterioration of latencies in 1 case. This seeming contradiction is explained by the following hypothesis: when the conduction velocity is not homogeneous along the course of the nerve because of a segmental demyelination which takes place in a spotty pattern, both longitudinally and transversely, the fastest fiber from the proximal stimulation point may not necessarily be the fastest from the distal stimulation point. If the fastest fibers from the 2 stimulating points are not the same fibers, the conduction time between these 2 points as calculated by measuring the onset of motor response may be artificially prolonged. This will give a falsely slow conduction velocity. Using this hypothesis in segmental demyelinating disease, latency alone is a better parameter of nerve conductivity than nerve conduction velocity, and serial latencies may correlate better with the clinical course than do serial conduction velocities. PMID- 7377941 TI - Neurologic injuries, paraosteoarthropathies, and human leukocyte antigens. AB - The distribution of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) A and B has been evaluated in the circulatory lymphocytes of 68 patients with spinal cord injury and 32 with severe head injury. Paraosteoarthropathy (POA) was present in 43 spinal cord injury and 23 head injury patients. HLA-B 18 was found in 25.7% of the subjects with POA. Among 341 healthy subjects, the frequency of HLA-B 18 was 7.6%. There is a 0% frequency in patients without POA. The frequency of the HLA-B 18 antigen is significantly raised in POA patients, suggesting relationship between the development of POA and the presence of the HLA-B 18 marker. The presence of HLA-B 18 might be associated with an increased risk of POA in patients with lesion of the central nervous system. PMID- 7377942 TI - Orthoses and ambulation in hemiplegia: a ten year retrospective study. AB - Of the patients with hemiplegia who had undergone active rehabilitation at the Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (IRM), New York University Medical Center, from the years 1968 through 1977, 843 were reviewed for functional ambulatory status on admission and at discharge, type of orthotic devices used, time elapsed from onset to admission for rehabilitation, and length of stay at IRM, to determine whether a consistent change had occurred in prescribing lower extremity orthoses for patients with hemiplegia, and if so, to assess the impact of such changes on the ambulation status. Of the 843 patients reviewed, 773 (91%) were partial or nonambulators on admission. Of these, 62% of the nonambulators and 66% of the partial ambulators improved significantly. A consistent decline in the use of metal orthoses, especially of long-leg orthoses, together with an increase in the use of plastic-knee ankle-foot orthoses was demonstrated. A 20% decline in prescription of lower extremity orthoses of all kinds was also observed. The rate of neuromuscular return as mwasured by attainment of functional gait has remained stable, and the proportion of numbers of patients attaining functional gait also was unchanged. PMID- 7377943 TI - Teaching communication skills in rehabilitation medicine. AB - Helping communication skills are one of the main requisites for rehabilitation professionals to help patients become independent and solve problems. Twenty-two rehabilitation professionals were given a 45-hour communication skills course using the Human Resources Development Model. Pretesting and posttesting were performed with videotapes and written indexes. Pretest scores showed an ineffective level of helping skills, while posttest scores showed significant improvement to mininally effective levels. Postcourse questionnaires indicated that the trainees believed that the experience would make a lasting change in their communication and helping skills and that this type of training was important in rehabilitation. PMID- 7377944 TI - Rehabilitation in spinal cord injury: use of a patient-family group. AB - A 1-day group meeting for spinal cord injured individuals and their families was initiated approximately 3 years ago with emphasis on providing information and sharing mutual concerns and feelings. From the results of tests administered before and after the program and of evaluation forms filled out by all participants, the Family Group has been found to be a useful adjunct to the rehabilitation program. Family members are effectively and meaningfully involved in the total rehabilitation process with the added benefit of decreasing their feelings of anxiety, helplessness and isolation. Evaluation suggests that the Family Group increases the individual's knowledge and awareness of a disability and its implications. It has introduced important topics of discussion within the family unit and has aided in more open communication among family members surrounding these issues. All of these benefits, combined, have resulted in more effective, realistic and appropriate discharge planning for patients. PMID- 7377945 TI - Wheelchair cushion effect on skin temperature, heat flux, and relative humidity. AB - For patients subject to decubitus ulcers, wheelchair cushions should be prescribed with knowledge of the cushion's effect on the thermal as well as mechanical environment of the skin. To define thermal effects that may be encountered during routine use, tests werr made on 24 commercially available cushions. Skin temperature, heat flux and relative humidity were measured under the ischial tuberosities of a normal 24-year-old man during a 1-hour period of sitting on each cushion. After 1 hour, skin temperatures increased by means of 3.4 C and 2.8 C on foams and viscoelastic foams and there were slight decreases in heat flux as compared with control values in air. On gels, skin temperatures remained constant and heat flux increased, while water "floatation" pads caused a mean skin temperature decreased of 2.7 C along with a marked increase in heat flux. Relative humidity at the skin cushion interface increased by 10.4%, 22.8% and 19.8% on foams, gels and water floatation pads, as compared with room air values. Representative cushions from each of the general types (foam, viscoelastic foam, gel and water floatation) also were subjected to 2-hour tests which indicated the measured parameters continued to change asymptotically. PMID- 7377946 TI - Polyurethane foam wheelchair cushions: retention of supportive properties. AB - The supportive properties of polyurethane foam wheelchair cushions change significantly during the first hours of use. Thus, cushions which initially appear to optimally distribute the patient's weight may not do so after a break in period. To solve this problem, a cushion prestressing protocol has been devised which breaks-in the foam cushion prior to determination of the patient's pressure distribution. It was found that the useful life of these cushions is adversely affected by heavy static loading and high temperatures, and if allowed to rest, polyurethane foam cushions recover a portion of their original load bearing properties. PMID- 7377948 TI - Hepatic porphyria. PMID- 7377947 TI - Sural nerve emg. PMID- 7377949 TI - Chronic pain. PMID- 7377950 TI - Motor nerve latencies through the tarsal tunnel in normal adult subjects: standard determinations corrected for temperature and distance. AB - A standardized method of obtaining distal motor latencies of the medial and lateral plantar nerves over fixed distances with temperature correction in 37 normal subjects is presented. The posterior tibial nerve was supramaximally stimulated 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14cm proximal to the active electrode over the motor point of the abductor hallucis. These same stimulation points were then used when recording from the abductor digiti minimi. Distance was measured with both flexible tape and calipers. Surface skin temperature was recorded at 3 different skin sites on the foot. Distal motor latency for the medial plantar nerve using a flexible tape with no temperature correction for an 8cm segment was 3.4 +/- SD 0.5msec and 3.8 +/- 0.5msec for a 10cm segment. With the same 8cm stimulation point, a flexible tape, but no temperature correction, the lateral plantar nerve distal motor latencies were 3.6 +/- SD 0.5; for the 10cm point, they were 3.9 +/- SD 0.5. Nontemperature corrected data for 6, 12, and 14cm segments using both calipers and flexible tape are presented, as are the data from 8 and 10cm segments of both the medial and lateral plantar nerves with temperature correction between 28 and 32C. These standard vales allow more accurate assessment of the tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS). A case of bilateral tarsal tunnel is included. It is noted that early changes in TTS may not be relfected in prolonged latency measurements, and that the emg may be a more sensitive indicator of the process. Both latencies and emgs are used for the diagnosis. PMID- 7377952 TI - Aphasic patients in a rehabilitation program: scheduling speech and language services. AB - Eleven 10-item tests from the Porch Index of Communicative Ability (PICA), were administered to 14 aphasic adults participating in a rehabilitation program. Tests were given once in the morning and once in the afternoon. Results indicate that overall communicative functioning was significantly higher for morning assessments, although some individual patients did better in the afternoon. The primary implication of these results is the importance of consistency in scheduling patient contacts when measuring the effects of treatments rendered. Considerations in determining optimum schedules and aiding individual patients in compensating for reduced efficiency due to time of day are discussed. PMID- 7377953 TI - Recreational activities of lower extremity amputees: a survey. AB - This study summarizes a detailed questionnaire evaluation of recreational activities participated in by 100 persons with lower extremity amputations. Additional information was obtained from prosthetists and physical therapists. Approximately 60% of the respondents are active in sports. Younger persons of either sex, who have had amputations for congenital deformities or trauma, are most active. Level of amputation does not appear to be a determining factor as to whether amputees participated or not. The most common recreational activities are fishing and swimming. Sports causing the amputee most discomfort are hunting and jogging. The ability to run and jump is the most difficult to achieve. Reasons for non-participation are pain, embarrassment, insufficient training and lack of organized sports programs for the disabled. Fear of further injury or an overprotective family are not inhibiting factors, nor is cost of the prosthesis. Only a few people wear specifically designed recreational prostheses, and only one-third of the amputees believe that their prosthetist is knowledgeable about recreational prostheses, while 40% feel the prosthetist discouraged their own ideas about prosthetic innovations. Therapists also proved inadequate in their knowledge and efforts at preparing the amputee for recreation. The amputees indicate a need for improved prosthetic design, and believe that insufficient information, both verbal and written, was given to them. PMID- 7377954 TI - Pedalator assessment of occlusive arterial disease of the lower extremities. AB - Use of the Pedalator instead of the treadmill in the assessment of occlusive arterial disease of the lower extremities has been evaluated. The following aspects were assessed: (1) The effect on the cardiovascular system in terms of brachial arterial pressure, pulse rate, and oxygen consumption (VO2) during exercise in 5 health volunteers; (2) emg activity of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles during exercise in the same 5 volunteers; and (3) postexercise ankle pressure changes in 10 subjects with angiographically proven occlusive arterial diseases of the lower extremities. For comparable degrees of VO2, the changes in brachial arterial pressure and pulse rate were similar. However, the maximum workload and effect on the cardiovascular system with the Pedalator were self-limiting. The emg acticity of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles was greater with the Pedalator. Average exercise time required to produce calf pain was 5 minutes with the Pedalator and 2.8 minutes with the treadmill. When the systolic pressure indexes before and after exercise was compared in 3 groups of limbs (11 with complete, 8 with partial, and 1 with no occlusion), both forms of exercise produced a significant degree of reduction in the systolic pressure index in all limbs except the normal one. The Pedalator exercise was associated with less elevation of brachial arterial pressure. Therefore, the Pedalator should be used whenever the least elevation of brachial arterial pressure is desirable during the assessment of occlusive arterial disease. PMID- 7377955 TI - Arterial occlusive disease in amputee patients: assessment with the Doppler ultrasound flowmeter and correlation with rehabilitation. AB - The vascular status of 14 below-knee (BK) amputee patients and 12 above-knee (AK) amputee patients who had undergone amputation for arterial occlusive disease was assessed with the Doppler ultrasound technique. Ten healthy subjects were investigated as a control group. The ankle-arm pressure index in the sound leg and thigh-arm pressure index in the stump were classified in 4 grades. Rehabilitation was graded according to the amputee patients' ability to use their prostheses. The vascular condition of the BK amputees was generally better than that of the AK amputees. The vascular condition of the stump in both groups was better than that of the sound leg. A good correlation was found between prosthetic rehabilitation and the vascular condition of the sound leg, but not with that of the stump. It is suggested that amputation removes the most severely affected part of the lower extremity and the so-called sound leg thus becomes the restricting factor in rehabilitation. PMID- 7377956 TI - Femoral fractures in patients with lower extremity amputations. AB - Femoral fracture in patients with lower extremity amputations is relatively rare (reported incidence in 341 amputee patients, 2.35%). Lack of adequate support and balance, and osteoporosis on the amputation side, may explain the predisposition to fracture of the ipsilateral extremity. The prosthesis was in use at the time of the accident in only 3 of 9 cases studied, most falls occurring during transfer activity without a prosthesis. Proximal femoral fractures in below-knee amputee patients responded to open reduction with internal fixation and early ambulation. Others were treated with closed reduction and cast immobilization. Overall union was 100%, with all patients regaining their previous ambulatory levels and prosthesis skills. PMID- 7377951 TI - Communication in severe aphasia: effectiveness of three instruction modalities. AB - In this study to determine which modality of instruction (verbal, pantomine, or combined verbal and pantomine) was the most effective in eliciting accurate and prompt responses from severely aphasic persons, subjects completed tasks involving body movements and object manipulation in response to each of the 3 modalities of instruction. Results showed that severely aphasic persons completed single-stage commands at least as accurately and, depending on the task type, more accurately when given combined instructions than they did when given verbal or pantomined instructions only. The combined instructions also resulted in a greater mean response promptness score (correct responses only) than either verbal or pantomined instruction. PMID- 7377957 TI - Cost containment. PMID- 7377959 TI - Infected prosthetic grafts. AB - An experience with 20 infected prosthetic grafts in a series of 652 prosthetic arterial reconstructions has been reviewed. There was 13 aortofemoral, one straight aortic, three femoropopliteal, one carotid subclavian, one axilloaxillary, and an axillocarotid graft. The most common site of infection was the groin. All patients had received preoperative and postoperative broad spectrum antibiotic coverage, perhaps contributing to a high incidence of Gram negative bacterial cultures. Early procrastination contributed to morbidity and mortality. Attempts at local wound management with drainage and irrigation generally failed, especially if the suture line was involved. Graft excision without revascularization resulted in a number of amputations and a high mortality. Excision of the entire aortofemoral graft combined with extra anatomical revascularization was uniformly fatal. Our experience suggests that the first objective should be to establish operatively the extent of the infection. If very localized, antibiotic irrigation may cure. Involvement of one side can be treated in one stage by extra-anatomical bypass using the obturator foramen coupled with excision of the infected portion. If the entire graft is involved, we recommend extra-anatomical bypass as the initial procedure. High dose antibiotic for systemic effect are then administered and two to three days later the infected graft is removed. PMID- 7377958 TI - Postoperative occlusion after carotid endarterectomy. AB - Noninvasive testing (Doppler imaging and spectral analysis of carotid flow) was performed in 70 symptomatic patients who required unilateral carotid endarterectomy. Angiographic correlations were made with the noninvasive tests before surgery, and postoperatively hemodynamic changes were determined during a three-year follow-up period. Postoperative stenosis occurred in 9% (3% early and 6% late) of the patients. Clinical progression on the unoperated side (new symptoms or bruits) occurred in 15 patients. Ten of these 15 patients had significant hemodynamic progression of disease in the unoperated carotid as well. Clinically occult hemodynamic progression of disease on the unoperated side was detected by noninvasive testing in four of the cases. Neurological complications resulting from postoperative occlusion occurred in two cases. PMID- 7377960 TI - Common duct stricture from chronic pancreatitis. AB - Common bile duct stricture secondary to chronic pancreatitis is difficult to detect clinically. Surgical bypass is necessary if complications from biliary obstruction develop. In 21 patients operated on between 1968 and 1979, the earliest typical biochemical finding was a persistently elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level. The SGOT level was minimally elevated in seven patients, but did not correlate with changes in the stricture. An increased bilirubin level was noted either during an acute exacerbation of pancreatitis or late in the course of the stricture development, when obstruction was almost complete. Operative cholangiograms taken in 12 of these patients and transhepatic cholangiograms taken in nine demonstrated a stricture of the intrapancreatic bile duct more than 2 cm long. Operations were performed for treatment of obstructive jaundice (11), ascending cholangitis (three), suspected pancreatic cancer (three), and progressive biliary cirrhosis (two). Sphincteroplasty, initially attempted in four patients, uniformly failed to relieve the obstruction due to the length of strictured duct. Satisfactory drainage was obtained for up to ten years with choledochoduodenostomy (12), choledochojejunostomy (three), and cholecystojejunostomy (six). PMID- 7377961 TI - Increased cardiac output and oxygen transport after intraoperative isovolemic hemodilution. A study in patients with peripheral vascular disease. AB - The effects of isovolemic hemodilution on cardiac output and oxygen transport in 11 patients during elective vascular surgery were evaluated. Mean hemoglobin level was decreased from 12.5 +/- 0.6 to 10.2 +/- 0.5 g/dL by withdrawing blood and replacing it with an equal volume of colloid. Hemodilution increased cardiac output from 4.8 +/- 0.3 to 6.4 +/- 0.4 L/min, increased oxygen delivery from 830 +/- 75 to 900 +/- 95 mL/min and increased oxygen consumption from 190 +/- 20 to 240 +/- 40 mL/min. Systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial blood pressure decreased significantly, but cardiac filling pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, heart rate, and intrapulmonary shunt did not change. In four of these patients who did not require all their blood during surgery, 1 unit of their withdrawn blood was reinfused after completion of surgery. In all four patients, cardiac output, oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption decreased from the pretransfusion values. We conclude that, since intraoperative isovolemic hemodilution increased blood flow and systemic oxygen transport, it may be useful in the intraoperative management of patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease. PMID- 7377962 TI - Effect of intra-arterial vasodilators on blood flow in ischemic dog colon. AB - The vasodilators papaverine hydrochloride, tolazoline hydrochloride, and isoproterenol hydrochloride were infused into the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) of dogs in which an ischemic Thiry-Vella colon loop had been formed. The washout of an intra-arterial injection of xenon Xe 133 to the normal and ischemic colon segments was used to measure bowel wall blood flow. Tolazoline and papaverine significantly increased the washout of 133Xe, but isoproterenol did not. Papaverine increased SMA flow. Neither of these two drugs altered the systemic blood pressure or pulse. However, isoproterenol augmented the SMA flow and pulse by factors of 1.8 and 1.5, respectively. These results support the favorable clinical reports that have found papaverine and tolazoline of use in the treatment of nonocclusive bowel ischemia. PMID- 7377965 TI - Oral cholecystography in assessment of acute abdominal pain. AB - During one year, 77 patients had oral cholecystography within five days of the onset of acute upper abdominal symptoms. These patients were not severely ill, as evidenced by the fact that only 18 were hospitalized. The patients were unselected and the results were reviewed in retrospect. Accordingly, the data cannot be critically analyzed. Nonetheless, diagnostically useful information was obtained in 57 of these cases. In 44 patients, a normal gallbladder was visualized, and in 13 patients gallstones were seen. Three conclusions are derived from this study. First, oral cholecystography can be performed within five days of the onset of acute upper abdominal symptoms with a reasonable expectation of obtaining diagnostically useful information. Second, the usually recommended delay of four to six weeks is unnecessary. Finally, this diagnostic study should be performed in the acute situation when it is not precluded by nausea, vomiting, or a severely ill patient. PMID- 7377964 TI - Tender pulsatile abdominal mass. Abdominal aortic aneurysm or not? AB - Twenty-nine patients had symptomatic pulsatile abdominal masses. Initially six patients underwent emergency surgical exploration without prior arteriography. An abdominal aortic aneurysm was found in only one patient. In the next 23 patients, in whom arteriography was performed, no aneurysm was detected and emergency surgery could be avoided. In patients with symptomatic pulsatile abdominal masses, in the absence of hypovolemic shock the initial diagnostic study should be abdominal angiography. It is an accurate and safe procedure, and supplies the necessary preoperative information should abdominal aortic surgery become necessary. If, however, no aneurysm is found, valuable information is still obtained with regard to the underlying disease process. PMID- 7377963 TI - Limb blood flow. The influence of temperature during halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia. AB - Twenty adult patients were examined before anesthesia, during anesthesia, and at the end of surgery to determine the influence of body cooling on limb blood flow during prolonged halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia. Measurements included temperature, mean arterial pressure, and leg blood flow. Cooling was prevented in ten patients by warmed anesthetic gases. The mean tympanic temperature at end of surgery was 37 degrees C for the warmed (W) and 35 degrees C for the unwarmed (UW) patients, a significant difference. The mean value for leg blood flow was significantly decreased in the UW patients (W = 5.0 vs UW = 3.1 mL/100 cc of tissue/min). These results indicate that body cooling during prolonged inhalation anesthesia was associated with a reduced limb blood flow. Therefore, pulmonary warming may be of potential benefit under similar conditions to help prevent intraoperative vascular complications. PMID- 7377966 TI - The American Board of Surgery in-training examination. AB - Since 1975, the American Board of Surgery has annually offered a multiple-choice in-training examination to directors of accredited general surgery programs in the United States for administration to residents in their programs. Residents' scores for the total examination and the five body-system categories are provided to program directors, along with normative data for comparison of their residents' performance against that of all examinees. Each year, residents' scores have correlated well with their level of training. Reliability coefficients have verified that the examinations have functioned effectively as test instruments. The increasingly wide use of the examination and its favorable acceptance by program directors have indicated that the examination is making a significant contribution to surgical education in the United States. PMID- 7377967 TI - Suprahepatic gallbladder with hypoplasia of the right lobe of the liver. AB - One of the rarest congenital anomalies of the gallbladder is the suprahepatic variant of this organ. Three cases of this ectopia were seen in a ten-year period, all of which associated with hypoplasia of the right lobe of the liver and upward displacement of the hepatic flexure of the colon, which overlapped the liver border. All patients complained of recurrent pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, suggestive of biliary disease, but only one case had calculi in the gallbladder that was acute cholecystitis. Two patients underwent cholecystectomy, and operative findings confirmed the preoperative diagnosis. It is speculated that the primary defect in this modality of suprahepatic gallbladder might be hypoplasia or atrophy of the right lobe of the liver of a congenital nature, with subsequent vicious orientation of the gallbladder and upward displacement of the colon. PMID- 7377969 TI - Colonic ganglioneuroma. PMID- 7377970 TI - Gastrointestinal symptoms. PMID- 7377971 TI - Bilirubin crystals in pleural fluid. PMID- 7377972 TI - Morphology and general characteristics of viruses active against cowpea Rhizobium CB756 and 32H1. AB - Two newly isolated viruses, RS1 and RS2, infective on two strains of cowpea Rhizobium capable of N2-fixation in vitro, were characterized. RS1 parasitizes CB756 but RS2 infects both 32H1 and CB756. RS1 has an isometric, polyhedral head and a long contractile tail, while RS2 has an oblate, polyhedral head and a long flexible non-contractile tail; RS1 is considerably larger than RS2. The phages were relatively stable between pH 5 and 9 (1 hour incubation). RS1 appeared to be more thermal sensitive and exhibited one component inactivation, while RS2 showed two component inactivation at 58, 60 and 62 degrees C. RS1 had a slower adsorption rate (3.3 X 10(-10) ml minutes-1) than RS2 (1.2 X 10(-9) ml minutes-1, on 32H1). The latent period of RS1 and RS2 was 180 and 225 minutes, and the burst size was 15 and 9 particles/cell, respectively. PMID- 7377968 TI - Multiple perforations of colon after compressed air injury. AB - Multiple perforations of the colon after compressed air injury occurred. The initial perforation did not become manifest until five days after the injury. This was repaired at laparotomy and a proximal colostomy was performed. Ten days after the first operation, a second laparotomy showed a second larger tear at the level of the peritoneal reflection. After a Hartmann procedure, the patient did well and was discharged from the hospital. This case emphasizes the need for repeated exploratory surgery of the abdomen if the initial postoperative course is not uneventful since full-thickness perforation of the colon may be delayed in its presentation. PMID- 7377973 TI - Semliki Forest virus glycans analyzed by affinity chromatography, hydrazinolysis and paper chromatography. AB - N-acetyl-lactosamine type glycopeptides of Semliki Forest virus were fractionated on concanavalin A-Sepharose, and their oligosaccharides were liberated by hydrazinolysis and analyzed by paper chromatography. Comparison with labeled glycans from reference glycopeptides suggests that the viral N-acetyl-lactosamine type glycans are bi-, tri- and tetra-antennary. PMID- 7377974 TI - Intracellular glycosylation of influenza hemagglutinin: the effect of glucosamine. AB - The intracellular glycosylation of influenza virus hemagglutinin has been studied in calf kidney primary cultures infected with influenza virus A/NWS (H0N1). Intermediate glycosylated forms were obtained by the addition of glucosamine to the culture medium; they were characterized after [35S]-methionine labelling by their precursor relationship, by immunoprecipitation and peptide mapping. The underglycosylated hemagglutinins were distributed in classes of discrete molecular weight indicating that glycosylation occurred in a stepwise manner. A total of 8 different bands, suggesting 7 glycosylation sites, was obtained under conditions of both complete and incomplete glycosylation. PMID- 7377975 TI - A microtechnique for the titration for African swine fever virus. AB - African swine fever virus isolates were titrated in swine monocyte cultures established in microtitre trays. Although technically simpler and less laborious than conventional tube assays the microtitration assay was less sensitive, but for routine and comparative titrations offers distinct advantages. PMID- 7377976 TI - Cardiovascular adaptations to training: you've got to have heart. PMID- 7377977 TI - Cancer and ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7377978 TI - Stage I cancer of the endometrium. PMID- 7377979 TI - Consumer attitudes toward physicians and health care. PMID- 7377980 TI - Pesticides in Arizona an update. PMID- 7377981 TI - Stinging insect allergy: venom therapy. PMID- 7377982 TI - Cardiology patient simulator. PMID- 7377983 TI - [Immunomorphology of the lungs in different variants of experimental inflammation]. AB - The results of immunomorphological examinations of the pulmonary tissue of rabbits under conditions of immunisation, intratracheal insertion of capron thread and combinations thereof are described. In all the instances bronchovascular and alveolovascular barriers of the lungs were disturbed leading to the development of alterative, exudative, and proliferative lesions. Inflammatory lesions developed with participation of humoral and cellular immune processes including immunopathologic reactions: immunocomplex damage of the tissue and probably hypersensitivity of the delayed type. The features of the investigated variants of pneumonia are associated with different ways of antigen penetration into the lungs and, evidently, with quantitative and qualitative features of the latter. The role of immunization in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases consists in the antiinflammatory effect and contribution to the transformation of the acute inflammation into chronic one. PMID- 7377985 TI - [State of the microcirculatory bed of the visceral pleura in focal forms of pulmonary tuberculosis]. AB - The microcirculatory bed (MCB) of visceral pleura (19 resected lungs) in focal forms of tuberculosis was studied. MCB changes were of systemic character and were more pronounced in the postcapillary-venular link. The causes of the development of the observed structural-functional changes in MCB include tuberculosis as an inflamation of the immune nature, the possibility of tissue manifestations of therapy pathology, and the influence of stress operation situation. Venulites are first described as a manifestation of immunopathological reaction in focal pulmonary tuberculosis. Irreversible MCB changes in focal forms of tuberculosis, despite the limited pulmonary process and clinical lack of functional changes in the respiratory and cardiovascular system of the patients, are an additional proof in favor of the necessity of early etiotropic therapy and may be used as a prognostic sign in morphological examinations of the operation material. PMID- 7377986 TI - [From the cellular pathology of Rudolf Virchow to modern cellular pathology. Results, problems]. AB - Cellular pathology, one of the problems of natural science, is a part of theoretical bases on medicine. Created by R. Virchow in 1855, it has reached a new level, has acquired a new quality particularly in connection with the data obtained in the past 2 decades in investigations of the cell ultrastructure by special methods of electron microscopy. As a result, a hypothesis of diseases associated with organelles has arisen. Currently, mitochondrial and lysosomal diseases are gaining recognition. Examples of them are mitochondrial myopathies and accumulation diseases which can be not only congenital but be induced by lysosomotropic substances. "Organelle pathology" is closely associated with molecular pathology which is the most important basis of "organelle diseases". PMID- 7377984 TI - [Photometric studies of the activity of dehydrogenases and nonspecific esterases in leprosy]. AB - The enzymatic activity of dehydrogenases and nonspecific esterases in skin affections in leprosy and their dynamics under the effect of treatment were investigated photometrically. It has been found that pentosophosphate pathway oxidation was mostly pronounced in microbe-containing macrophages of the infiltrate in untreated patients with the lepromatous type of leprosy and less according to the Krebs cycle and glycolysis. The intensity of oxidative processes is reduced under the influence of treatment, mainly, due to considerable inhibition of glycose-6-phosphatdehydrogenase. The activity of nonspecific esterases before the treatment is high in leprosy macrophages and low in the epidermis (as compared with the norm). Under the effect of antileprosy therapy the esterase content in the epidermis is restored and in the macrophages is decreased significantly. PMID- 7377987 TI - [Morphologic changes in the lungs in terminal states in cases of death from eclampsia]. AB - Morphological examinations of the lungs were done in terminal states in cases of death of parturients due to eclampsia. Under current conditions of the course of eclampsia the acute respiratory insufficiency is one of the main causes aggravating the course of eclamptic coma. The brain and lungs are the main "shock organs" in terminal states of parturients dying of eclampsia. Changes in the lungs depend on the severity of the process and its duration. The leading role of the acid-aspiration syndrome and central hemodynamics disorders in the pathogenesis of pneumonias was established. PMID- 7377988 TI - [Morphogenesis of chronic pyelonephritis (electron microscopic study)]. AB - Examinations of 51 rabbits and 86 patients with chronic pyelonephritis showed the morphogenesis of chronic pyelonephritis to be due to the effect of certain factors. One of them is the capillary-parenchymatous block resulting from the outgrowth of the connective tissue between the tubules and peritubular capillaries. Glomerular sclerosis occurs both periglomerularly (growth of the connective tissue into the capsule) and intraglomerularly (tropocollagen synthesis by mesangiaal cells). Nephrosclerosis combines diffuse sclerosis (the consequence of increasing hypoxia) and focal sclerosis (the consequence of renal tissue destruction during pyelonephritis attacks) which determine the features of regenerative hypertrophy of nephrons and the pattern of pyelonephritic shrinking of the kidney. PMID- 7377989 TI - [Fibrous dysplasia of the maxillofacial bones of adults]. AB - Clinico-roentgeno-anatomical analysis of 39 cases of fibrous dysplasia (FD) of maxillofacial bones in adults was performed. FD morphology was found to be nonspecific, and similar structures could be observed in osteofibroma, osteoblastoma and cementodysplasia of maxillar bones. Diagnosis can be made only clinico-morphologically. The morphological structure of FD is variable and depends on the degree of maturation of bone neoplasia, the intensity of the processes of rearrangement, regressive changes, age, etc. PMID- 7377990 TI - [Pathomorphologic changes in the myocardia of children who suddenly died of acute respiratory diseases]. AB - Myocardium of the children dying suddenly of respiratory infection complicated by pneumonia was studied histologically and histochemically. The observed morphological changes consisted in hemodynamic disorders and degenerative lesions of various intensities associated mostly with the disturbed protein metabolism in the cytoplasm of myocardial cells, especially in microfibrillae. PMID- 7377991 TI - [Educational research work of students at the Department of Pathologic Anatomy of the Donetsk Medical Institute]. PMID- 7377992 TI - [Congenital multiple rhabdomyoma of the heart]. AB - An observation of a rare congenital multiple tumor of the heart with histological structure of rhabdomyoma is described. Of interest is the presence in the child with congenital rhabdomyoma of the heart of dysplastic changes in the kidneys in the form of few small cysts and in the brain in the form of angiomatous structures. Such combination confirms dysontogenetic origin of rhabdomyoma. PMID- 7377993 TI - [Problem of sirenomelia]. AB - Two cases of a rare type of the sirenal developmental abnormality, dipodal sympodia, were studied. In both cases, elements of the rudimental kidney were found. The analysis of the literature and a comparative study of our own cases suggest a correlation between the degree of fusion of the lower extremity rudiments and the intensity of underdevelopment of the urogenital organs. PMID- 7377994 TI - [Shellac bezoars of the stomach]. PMID- 7377995 TI - [Experiences in studying multiple causes of perinatal mortality on the basis of a special "perinatal death certificate"]. AB - The importance of the perinatal mortality requires a thorough study of its causes. The development of effective measures for reduction of perinatal mortality must be based on the knowledge of not only the immediate causes of death of the baby (fetus) but also of all the factors of diseases and conditions of the mother, conditions of the placenta, external causes exerting a marked damaging effect on the fetus. The paper describes the experience of investigating multiple causes of perinatal mortality on the basis of a special "Perinatal Death Certificate" (registration form 246-PS) introduced in the USSR in 1974, using for coding the International statistical classification of diseases, traumas, and death causes of the IX revision which will be used in this country since 1981. This experience permits to formulate suggestions for the development of multiple causes of perinatal death within the framework of the national statistics. PMID- 7377998 TI - [Regeneration of the proximal kidney tubules (experimental study with the use of scanning electron microscopy)]. AB - Necrosis of proximal tubules in white rats was produced by inoculation of a comparatively low dose (1.5 mg/kg) of mercuric chloride. Necrosis and regeneration of the epithelium were studied in scanning electron microscope during 10 days lfter the inoculation. The relationship between destructive and regenerative processes was established. The membrane naked as a result of epithelial necrosis is first covered by a flat epithelial plate without microvilli. Soon (presumably within a few hours) microvilli appeared on the surface of the plate and gradually a proper striated border and interdigitation between the cells absent early in regeneration are formed. Within 7-10 days the newly formed epithelium became differentiated and could not be distinguished from normal epithelium by electron microscopy. PMID- 7377997 TI - [Pyelonephritis in various types of obstructive uropathies in children]. AB - Kidney biopsies were examined in 73 children with some forms of obstructive uropathies: vesico-renal reflux and obstructive megaurether. In 59 patients (80%), chronic pyelonephritis was detected. The predominant morphological form of chronic pyelonephritis in patients with obstructive uropathies is a mixed form with a combination of tubulo-stromal-vascular changes. In most patients chronic pyelonephritis was extensive up to the development of nephrosclerosis, in 22% it developed against the background of renal dysplasia. The nature and intensity of pyelonephritis was shown to depend on the severity of congenital pathology of the urinary tracts and the age of the patients. PMID- 7377996 TI - [Morphological changes in the kidneys after carbon tetrachloride poisoning]. AB - Structural alterations in the kidneys of 40 patients deceased from carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) poisoning were examined. All the patients had died with severe acute hepatic and renal failure. The authors found that it was consecutively developing hydropic and protein dystrophy of both proximal and distal tubules which accounted for acute renal failure. Changes in the glomeruli of the type of membranous glomerulopathy were also found. In the authors' opinion, the main cause of these alterations of the kidneys was presumably severe hepatic insufficiency with metabolic and immune disturbances. PMID- 7377999 TI - [Possibility of determination of the type of cardiomyocyte death with the aid of ultrastructural analysis]. AB - An attempt was made to determine the ultrastructure of those types of cell death which may occur experimentally only during life and to compare them with the findings obtained from the autopsy materials of the myocardium of persons dying suddenly or from acute myocardial infarction. Three ultrastructural types of cellular death were determined in the experimental and autopsy material: primary ischemic, primary-calcium, and secondary-calcium types. The ultrastructural pattern of some irreversible changes found in the autopsy material may be used for retrospective judgement on the mechanisms of cell death. The results obtained do not completely solve the problem of interpretation of ultrastructural findings in examinations of human postmortem materials although open some approaches for using electron microscopy in addition to the main sources of information in the study of sudden death. PMID- 7378000 TI - [Mast cell reaction outside the acute inflammation focus]. AB - The quantitative and morphological changes of peritoneal fluid and mesenteric mast cells, the content of cellular and free histamine and serotonin were studied in the time course of acute aseptic inflammation induced by turpentine inoculated subcutaneously into the thigh of white rats. An increase in the mast cell count and activity and cellular histamine and serotonin content was found. The highest mast cell activity was observed at the peak of acute inflammation. The development of acute inflammation was characterized by both local (in the inflammatory focus) and systemic mast cell reaction which reflected participation of mast cells in general manifestations of inflammation. PMID- 7378001 TI - [Disorder of the microfolds and tonofibrils in cervical leukoplakia]. AB - The ultrastructure of superficial cells of the normal human cervical squamous epithelium and that in leukoplakia was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The characteristic appearance of normal cells is described. Changes in the concentration of tonofilaments and formation of keratohyalin granules were revealed in leukoplakia. Alterations in surface microridges were also observed. The latter phenomenon is closely related to a decrease in the number of tonofilaments at the cell periphery. It is possible that the altered microridges do not retain the cushioning protective mucin and maintain the stationary of progressive states of leukoplakia. PMID- 7378002 TI - [Morphometric picture of hypertrophic gastritis with consideration of the extent of folds of the fundal mucous membrane]. AB - The results of histological and morphometric examinations of the fundal gastric mucosa of 93 resected stomachs (74 in peptic ulcer, 19 in gastric carcinoma) are presented. A special morphometric method based on the altered Hammar principle was suggested and used to develop the criteria of hypertrophy of the gastric mucosa with due account to the extent of its folds. The following histologic forms of mucous membrane hypertrophy were found: glandular hyperplasia without gastritis (4 cases), glandular hyperplasia with superficial gastritis (glandular hypertrophic superficial gastritis) (11 cases); foveolar hyperthrophic gastritis with glandular atrophy (1 case). The diagnosis may be established correctly only when the results of roentgen (or gastroscopic) data (the extent of the fold of the mucous membrane) and those of gastrobiopsy are combined. PMID- 7378003 TI - [Skeletal muscles in neuromuscular diseases]. AB - The paper offers recommendations concerning the specificity of biopsies withdrawn from skeletal muscles and histologic criteria for diagnosis of various forms of neurogenic atrophies, injuries, myositis, and myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7378004 TI - [Correlation analysis of the conjugation tables]. AB - The paper describes a method for determining the correlation of the frequency indices grouped in the conjugation tables. The main stages involve the calculation of Pirson's criterion, determination of confidential probability of the correlation coefficient by comparison of the calculated Pirson's criterion with the standard values, and calculation of the correlation coefficient. The latter may vary within 0-1 and characterizes the correlation strength. PMID- 7378005 TI - [Use of the V.V. Kupriianov's method on stratified wall of varicose veins]. AB - The paper describes the method for stratification of large vein (varicose distended and normal) wall into thin layers to be followed by impregnation with argentum nitrate according to V. V. Kupriyanov's method for the study of microcirculatory disorders. PMID- 7378006 TI - The Academy. PMID- 7378007 TI - Cocaine toxicity during dacryocystorhinostomy. AB - Toxic effects were observed in two healthy patients who received cocaine intranasally before dacryocystorhinostomy. One patient suffered an additional reaction to intranasally administered phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) hydrochloride. Because cocaine blocks uptake of catecholamines and has a sympathetic potentiating effect, its use is dangerous in patients with hypertensive cardiovascular disease or in conjunction with sympathomimetic or alpha-modifying drugs. Use of dilute solutions carefully measured for select patients is mandatory. The total dose of cocaine should not exceed 3 mg/kg. PMID- 7378008 TI - Effects of ocular decongestants. AB - Eight widely used commercially available ocular decongestants were compared on the basis of vasoconstrictive effectiveness. The ability of these preparations to counteract histamine-induced erythema and to block its recurrence when rechallenged after one hour was evaluated in six human subjects in seven sessions. All vasoconstrictors tested were effective. No preparation was statistically different from 0.02% naphazoline hydrochloride in vasoconstrictive effect. In fact, this intermediate concentration of naphazoline (0.02%) was found to be significantly better that the other nonprescription decongestant preparations tested as a group and not significantly different from a group of higher concentrations of naphazoline. PMID- 7378009 TI - Ophthalmic surgery and plasma thromboplastin antecedent (factor XI) deficiency. AB - A patient had bilateral cataracts and severe plasma thromboplastin antecedent deficiency (factor XI deficiency). This patient underwent successful cataract extraction in both eyes without complication. The problems inherent in performing eye surgery with factor XI deficiency are discussed. PMID- 7378010 TI - Baring of the circumlinear vessel. An early sign of optic nerve damage. AB - Baring of the circumlinear vessel is reported as an early sign of optic nerve damage. Evidence is presented to show that this finding is not present in the normal population and, unlike previously described signs of glaucomatous cupping, can be observed at a stage of glaucoma prior to the development of visual field loss. Analysis of a series of stereoscopic photographs from selected high-risk ocular hypertensive patients disclosed a 54% incidence of baring of the circumlinear vessel. Although initially thought to be pathognomonic for glaucomatous cupping, baring of the circumlinear vessel is seen rarely in acquired cupping from optic atrophy secondary to other causes. PMID- 7378011 TI - Bilateral Duane's retraction syndrome. A clinical-pathologic case report. AB - Duane's retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital eye movement disorder characterized by abduction deficiency, adduction limitation, globe retraction, and palpebral fissure narrowing on attempted adduction. Although data from surgical and autopsy studies suggest a neurogenic cause for this disorder, only one well-documented case of DRS has been studied pathologically, and that report was incomplete. We describe the intracranial and orbital pathology of a clinically documented case of bilateral DRS. Both abducens nuclei and nerves were absent from the brainstem, and the lateral rectus muscles were partially innervated by branches from the oculomotor nerves. This report presents evidence that a cranial nerve anomaly may cause DRS. The reason for this neurogenic abnormality is briefly discussed. PMID- 7378012 TI - Adenoma of the iris pigment epithelium. AB - An unusual vacuolated tumor of the iris pigment epithelium was investigated. Ultrastructural study showed a great variety of pigment granules in all the cells. The cells were of both the light and the dark epithelial type, with basement membranes and junctional complexes. The vacuoles were both intracellular and extracellular. PMID- 7378013 TI - Experimental combined systemic and local chemotherapy for intraocular malignancy. AB - Greene melanoma was transplanted into the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes. These animal models were divided into four groups. Group 1 received carmustine (1,3 bis [2-chloroethyl]-1-nitrosourea) intravenously. Group 2 received the drug by sub Tenon-retrobulbar (periocular) injection. Group 3 received both periocular and intravenous administration; the combined dose was the same as that in group 1. Group 4 served as untreated control. The effectiveness of the various administration routes was compared by clinical observation of the size of the tumor growing in the eye, weight of the enucleated eyes, and histopathologic examination. Administration of carmustine delayed the growth of Greene melanoma in rabbit eye of all three treated groups, but effectiveness of treatment was considerably enhanced by combining periocular and intravenous administration of a lower dose of carmustine. PMID- 7378015 TI - Automated visual field plotters vs tangent screen kinetic perimetry. PMID- 7378014 TI - Automobile driving with telescopic aids. PMID- 7378016 TI - Interfascicular nerve repair. Is it applicable in facial injuries? AB - The reapproximation of individual fascicles has been advocated as a microsurgical method of improving neural regeneration following peripheral nerve injuries. To date, this technique has met with limited success, in part owing to an unclear understanding of the anatomic location of fibers in the proximal nerve relative to their distal distribution on the face. Fascicular repair is indicated in clean lacerations of the nerve trunk distal to the stylomastoid foramen. For long defects or injuries proximal to the midmastoid region (where the nerve is monofascicular), simple nerve trunk sutures should be performed until more detailed information on the fascicular anatomy of the intratemporal facial nerve becomes available. A case is reported in which a stab wound of the parotid region was complicated by hemorrhage and infection. A delayed neurorrhaphy was performed using a modified interfascicular grafting technique with sural nerve grafts. PMID- 7378017 TI - Nasal septal injury in children. Diagnosis and management. AB - Although nasal injury is common-place in childhood, nasal septal trauma often is neglected and frequently goes undiagnosed until complications ensue. Only a complete intranasal examination in all cases of nasal trauma will detect intranasal fractures, dislocations, lacerations, hematomas, and abscess formation. Untreated, these septal and associated injuries can lead to considerable functional (nasal respiratory) and cosmetic (external) abnormalities. We report a case to illustrate the destructive sequelae of a "minor" nasal injury. Treatment may require formal surgical exploration with hematoma evacuation, reconstruction of the septal skeletal structures, and repair of lacerations of the intranasal mucosa. We review the management of cartilage resorption secondary to hematoma or abscess formation. A technique for replacing the caudal end of the septum is discussed and illustrated. PMID- 7378018 TI - Isolated vagus nerve palsy and vagal mononeuritis. AB - It is useful to consider vagus nerve palsy as a form of cranial mononeuritis. In contrast with other forms of mononeuritis, the clinicoanatomical features and other aspects of vagal mononeuritis are not well defined. A series of 25 patients with isolated vagal mononeuritis were assessed by clinical and laryngoscopic examination, and laryngeal electromyography was done in all cases. Unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was almost twice as common as unilateral superior and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and it appeared to have a better prognosis. The majority were on an idiopathic basis, and associated diabetes in two patients raised the possibility of diabetic mononeuritis. Three patients had bilateral palsies; bilateral vagal mononeuritis may represent a separate entity in that it occurs in younger subjects and is associated with upper respiratory tract illness. Partial or complete recovery occurred in about half of the patients. PMID- 7378020 TI - Spontaneous improvement of secretory otitis and impedance screening. AB - Based on repetitive tympanometric screenings of infants and 2-year-old children, the spontaneous improvement of secretory otitis has been studied. In 2-year-old children, 53% of ears with type B improved during the three months from the first to the second evaluation, 67% from the second to the third, and 84% from the third to the fourth. At the same time, tympanogram deteriorated to type B in other ears so that during a nine-month period, 28.6% of all ears with at least one screening have had type B. It was concluded that impedance screening as a prophylactic means to diagnose a middle ear disease early would be meaningless. It will lead to excessive treatment of secretory otitis, as one cannot take other consequences of one screening than to repeat it six months later. PMID- 7378019 TI - Earspeaker coupling effects on auditory action potential and brainstem responses. AB - Human auditory nerve action potential and brainstem evoked response input-output functions were obtained with standard audiometric earspeakers coupled in three different ways, commonly used in auditory evoked potential laboratories (ie, free field, circumaural cushions, standard audiometric cushions). All other stimulus values were matched as closely as possible. Under the different coupling conditoins, substantially different amplitude-intensity and latency-intensity functions were generated for both auditory nerve N1 and brainstem V peaks. Differences among the input-output functions were predictable from differences in click frequency spectra. PMID- 7378021 TI - Electroacoustic assessment of the semipermeable tympanic ventilating tube. A physical model. AB - The semipermeable membrane ventilating tube has been in use for the past few years. Initial evaluation of this tube indicated that electroacoustic impedance measurements could be used to measure in situ patency. Our clinical experience seemed to question this assumption. A physical model was developed to evaluate the validity of using electroacoustic impedance measurements to test patency of membrane-type ventilating tubes. Our results indicate that volume impedance measurements cannot be used to evaluate patency. Pressure clearance studies validated the efficacy of the membrane tubes but would not appear to be a reliable method for in vivo evaluation of patency. PMID- 7378022 TI - Blindness following frontal sinus irrigation. Report of a case. AB - Visual loss is a rare and dreaded complication of surgical procedures of the paranasal sinuses. A case of sudden unilateral blindness following irrigation of the frontal sinus is presented and the presumptive pathophysiology is discussed. An awareness of this potential complication as well as early diagnosis with prompt medical and surgical management are essential. PMID- 7378023 TI - Effect of signal bandwidth upon threshold of the acoustic reflex and upon loudness. AB - The effect of activating-signal bandwidth upon the threshold of the acoustic reflex (TAR) was measured. Subsequently, loudness measurements were made for the same signals at the same intensity levels that were required to elicit an acoustic-reflex response. When loudness and TAR are compared at comparable levels, similar trends emerged. Results from this experiment provide evidence for both qualitative and quantitative similarities between acoustic reflex and the perception of loudness. This, in turn, suggest that signals at TAR may be equally loud for listeners with normal hearing. PMID- 7378024 TI - Audiometric and tympanometric monitoring of a disease affecting nerve-muscle transmission. AB - Audiometric and tympanometric tests were used to identify patients with myasthenia gravis, a disease characterized by skeletal muscle weakness. Middle ear muscle reflexes in untreated myasthenics were found to be typically depressed or absent. Hearing was abnormally sensitive for some frequencies and middle ear pressures were often negative. Following drug administration, patients who were responding well to medication had more sensitive reflex thresholds, less sensitive hearing, and were able to equalize middle ear pressures. Tympanometric measurements have proved to be of value in the diagnosis of myasthenia and in monitoring the effects of therapy. PMID- 7378026 TI - A comparison of manual methods for measuring hearing levels. AB - A comparison was made of three manual methods for measuring pure-tone sensitivity; one method is proposed by the Education Committee of the British Society of Audiology (BSA), the second method is recommended by the American Speech and Hearing Association (ASHA) and the third is a shortened version of the ASHA method. 9 normally-hearing and 5 hearing-impaired subjects from differing educational backgrounds were tested at 1.0 kHz a total of fifteen times on each of the methods. False-positive responses were noted throughout the testing and also in a 20-second time-out period. Each threshold run was timed and the subjects were asked to rate each threshold run on a 10-point scale for ease of the task. No significant differences among the three methods were found in their threshold estimates, standard deviations, number of false-positive responses, or subject preferences. The ASHA method took longer and required more tone presentations to establish threshold. The number of successive tone presentations to which the subject did not respond was also counted. The BSA method produced more, and longer silent intervals than the other two methods. PMID- 7378027 TI - Reversed behaviour of masking at low levels. AB - Recent misinterpretations [Nelson, 1979] of an earlier paper [Zwicker, 1954] are corrected and measurements were repeated in more detail to show the reversal of masking with masker level more clearly: masking extends predominantly towards high frequencies for high levels; it extends, however, more towards low frequencies for low levels. PMID- 7378025 TI - [Acoustic reflexometry in presbyacusis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have studied the relations between crossed and uncrossed acoustic stapedius reflex thresholds in presbyacusic subjects in order to verify whether ageing produces brain stem auditory lesions. The results showed in 55% of the presbyacusics a brain stem disorder characterized by the absence of one, several or all the acoustic reflexes; very often there was only an abnormal difference between crossed and uncrossed acoustic reflex thresholds. PMID- 7378028 TI - Temporary threshold shift for masked pure tones. AB - The present investigation examines the dependence of temporary threshold shift (TTS) on pre-exposure hearing level within the same group of normal hearers by simulating varying degrees of hearing loss via the addition of masking noise. The results confirm those of earlier studies and indicate that TTS decreases as hearing level increases. A model is developed which can account for the data of the present study as well as the results of previous investigations which utilized hearing-impaired subjects. PMID- 7378029 TI - The influence of stimulus spectral content on rise time effects in cortical evoked responses. AB - A tone burst with a fast rise time elicits a large-amplitude cortical response which reduces markedly as rise time is increased. This effect is not observed with white-noise bursts. It is suggested that where changes in rise time affect the spectral content of the stimulus, a change in response amplitude is encountered. The increase in the latency of the response with increase in rise time is found to be the same for both tone and noise bursts, hence independent of spectral composition. PMID- 7378030 TI - Neural interspike intervals and pitch. AB - In a recent paper, Whitfield [1979] reported that time intervals between successive nerve impulses were not necessarily a correlate of pitch. This conclusion was reached by considering harmonics outside the dominant region for pitch perception [Ritsma, 1967]. The pitches perceived by Whitfield's subjects can be predicted from the harmonics present in the dominant region, and time intervals corresponding to those pitches would have been present in nerve fibers with characteristic frequencies close to that region. PMID- 7378031 TI - The future of histochemistry and cytochemistry. PMID- 7378032 TI - Isoelectrofocusing of organic esterases in the postnatally developing and adult ovoviviparous teleost, Poecilia reticulata. AB - In the ovoviviparous teleost, Poecilia reticulata, the esterases give rise to around 13 variants when separated by electrofocusing. These variants show histochemical characteristics (e.g. substrate utilization and sensitivity to inhibiting substances) which can be related to postnatal developmental stages and to adult sex. A few variants, moreover, appear to be typical of the stage examined (newborn, young, adult male and female). Very few variants can be classified by the criteria of Masters and Holmes (1975). PMID- 7378034 TI - Surgical hemotherapy. Symposium organized on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the Central Laboratory of the Swiss Red Cross, Blood Transfusion Service, and the 10th anniversary of the University Department of Experimental Surgery. PMID- 7378033 TI - Immunohematology and clinical blood transfusion. PMID- 7378035 TI - Anemia in surgical patients. PMID- 7378036 TI - Component therapy of surgical hemorrhage: red cell concentrates, colloids and crystalloids. PMID- 7378037 TI - Haemostatic disorders in massive transfusion. PMID- 7378038 TI - Fresh frozen plasma: effects and side effects. PMID- 7378039 TI - Pulmonary dysfunction and massive transfusion. PMID- 7378040 TI - Abnormal hemoglobin oxygen affinity and the coronary circulation. PMID- 7378041 TI - Dysoxia and the general problem of O2 delivery by the blood. PMID- 7378042 TI - Fibrinogen-fibrin conversion. The mechanism of fibrin-polymer formation in solution. AB - The fibrin polymers formed in solution during the earliest phase of the fibrinogen-fibrin conversion are shown to be stable soluble molecules at pH7.4 and 0.15m- or 0.3m-NaCl. The various sequential soluble fibrin polymers produced from the fibrinogen-thrombin reaction can be observed by gel chromatography and can be isolated for characterization. The mechanism of fibrin polymerization proposed from the present studies suggests that the initial event is the thrombin activation at only one of the Aalpha-chains in fibrinogen. The resulting highly reactive intermediate is the true fibrin monomer and it rapidly, and irreversibly, self-associates to form the stable fibrin dimer (s(20.w)=12S). Fibrin dimer possesses the N-terminal pattern alanine/glycine/tyrosine (1:1:2) per 340000 molecular weight, and possesses the chain structure [(alpha)Aalpha)(Bbeta)(2)(gamma)(2)](2). The fibrin dimer is a soluble inert molecule, but additional thrombin activation of its remaining intact Aalpha chains leads to new associations into larger inert soluble fibrin polymers. In this manner progressively larger fibrin oligomers are constructed with thrombin continually in control of the process because of the necessity to repeatedly re activate the various fibrin polymers in solution. The inert character of the soluble fibrin polymers can be explained by the reciprocal alignment of the associating molecules, which mutually consumes their active surfaces and leaves an intact Aalpha-chain at either end of each fibrin oligomer. The soluble fibrin polymers will proceed to further association only if thrombin activates these remaining Aalpha-chains, otherwise the fibrin molecules are stable indefinitely. The intermolecular associations within the soluble fibrin polymers are essentially irreversible under these nearly physiological conditions. However, the bonding is not covalent. This mechanism accounts for the clinical observations of stable fibrinogen-derived polymers in the plasma from patients undergoing thrombotic processes. Since it is shown that the intermediate fibrin polymers, themselves, are stable soluble molecules, it is no longer necessary, nor warranted, to invoke hypothetical ;fibrinogen-fibrin complexes' to explain observations of fibrin solubility. PMID- 7378043 TI - Equilibrium-binding studies of pig laryngeal cartilage proteoglycans with hyaluronate oligosaccharide fractions. AB - The binding of hyaluronate oligosaccharide fractions to proteoglycans from pig laryngeal cartilage has been studied by equilibrium dialysis in dilute solution. It has been shown that: (1) each proteoglycan monomer binds only one hyaluronate oligosaccharide molecule [containing about eighteen saccharide residues (HA approximately 18) and of number-average molecule weight (Mn) 37501]; (2) the dissociation constant, Kd, for interaction between proteoglycan monomer and oligosaccharide HA approximately 18 is 3 x 10(-8) M at 6 degrees C at I 0.15-0.5, pH 7.4; (3) the dissociation constant has little dependence on temperature, so that Kd at 54 degrees C is 3 x 10(-7) M under the same conditions; (4) the aggregatability is high at 6 degrees C, falls significantly at 54 degrees C, but much of it can be recovered on cooling to 6 degrees C again, demonstrating reversible denaturation; (5) a method for determining the proportion of the proteoglycan molecules capable of binding to hyaluronate by equilibrium dialysis was compared with gel-chromatographic and ultracentrifugal methods; (6) a hyaluronate oligosaccharide, HA approximately 56 (Mn 11 000), could bind more than one proteoglycan molecule; (7) consideration of ultracentrifugal data shows that when proteoglycans bind to a hyaluronate of larger size (mol..wt. 670 000), an average Kd of 12 x 10(7) M fits the data in 0.5 M-guanidine hydrochloride at 20 degrees C. PMID- 7378044 TI - Analysis of bilirubin and bilirubin mono- and di-conjugates. Determination of their relative amounts in biological samples. AB - 1. A novel method for determination of the relative amounts of unconjugated bilirubin and sugar mono- and di-conjugates of bilirubin in biological samples, including serum, is described and illustrated by its application to the analysis of bilinoids in rat bile. 2. The method is based on specific conversion of the carbohydrate conjugates of bilirubin into the corresponding mono- or di-methyl esters by base-catalysed transesterification in methanol. Under the selected reaction conditions, unconjugated biliru-in remains intact and no dipyrrole exchange in the bilinoids is detectable; transesterification of bilirubin mono- or di-glucuronide is virtually complete (approx. 99%), and sponification is negligible (less than 1%); recovery of the pigments is approx. 95%. 3. The reaction products bilirubin and its methyl esters are separated by t.l.c. and determined spectrophotometrically; the two isomeric bilirubin-IX alpha monomethyl esters are separated and therefore can be determined individually. 4. Reference bilirubin mono- and di-methyl esters have been synthesized and characterized, and the two isomers of bilirubin-IX alpha monomethyl ester and bilirubin dimethyl ester were obtained individually, in crystalline form. 5. With this new method, virtually all bilinoids (over 99%) in normal rat bile have been found to be conjugated, with diconjugates (71%) predominating. A significantly increased proportion of monoconjugates is present in bile collected from heterozygous Gunn rats or from normal rats that were refused with large amounts of bilirubin. PMID- 7378045 TI - Metabolism of [14C]diethylstilboestrol epoxide by rat liver in vitro. AB - 1. The trans-epoxide of diethylstilboestrol and its pinacolone were synthesized chemically and the pinacolone shown to be formed from the epoxide by a non enzymic process. 2. [14C]Diethylstiboestrol epoxide was converted by rat liver microsomal fraction into 4'-hydroxypropiophenone by a new type of cleavage reaction involving mono-oxygenase. Conditions for the formation of this metabolite and also water-soluble products were investigated together with the effect of inhibitors. A sex-difference in the conversion of diethylstilboestrol epoxide into 4'-hydroxypropiophenone and to polar and water-soluble products was observed. 3. Diethylstilboestrol epoxide was found to be a relatively stable compound that did not form a glutathione conjugate readily without further microsomal activation. A purified preparation of epoxide hydratase did not enhance its rate of conversion into the pinacolone. 4. Diethylstilboestrol epoxide was found to have about one-tenth the oestrogenic activity of diethylstilboestrol as measured by the increase in uterine weight or the induction of peroxidase in immature rat uteri. It was inactive as a mutagen when tested for its ability to inhibit bacteriophage phi X174 DNA viral replication. 5. The possible role of diethylstilboestrol epoxide as an intermediate in the metabolism of diethylstilboestrol and in mediating the harmful effects of this synthetic estrogen is discussed. PMID- 7378046 TI - The glycoprotein of measles virus. External radioactive labelling of its carbohydrate and partial characterization of the glycopeptide. AB - Measles virus was propagated in VERO cells and purified from the culture supernatants by two successive tartrate-density-gradient centrifugations. Surface carbohydrates were labelled both in vitro and in vivo with 3H after treatment with galactose oxidase/NaB3H4 or with [3H]glucosamine. The major labelled glycoprotein in measles virions had a mol.wt. of 79 000. After labelling with periodate/NaB3H4, which would result in specific labelling of sialic acid residues, the 79 000-mol.wt. glycoprotein was very weakly labelled. This suggests that there is no or a very low amount of sialic acid in the virions. Further analysis of the glycoprotein showed that galactose is the terminal carbohydrate unit in the oligosaccharide, and the molecular weight of the glycopeptide obtained after Pronase digestion is about 3000. The oligosaccharide is attached to the polypeptide through an alkali-stable bond, indicating a N-glycosidic asparagine linkage. PMID- 7378047 TI - Purification and properties of different forms of modeccin, the toxin of Adenia digitata. Separation of subunits with inhibitory and lectin activity. AB - 1. The subunits were isolated of modeccin (subsequently referred to as modeccin 4B), the toxin purified from the roots of Adenia digitata by affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B [Gasperi-Campani, Barbieri, Lorenzoni, Montanaro, Sperti, Bonetti & Stirpe (1978) Biochem J. 174, 491-496]. They are an A subunit (mol.wt. 26 000), which inhibits protein synthesis, and a B subunit (mol.wt. 31 000), which binds to cells. Both sununits, as well as intact modeccin, gave single bands on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, but showed some heterogeneity on isoelectric focusing and on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis at pH 9.5. 2. A second form of modeccin, not retained by Sepharose 4B, was purified by affinity chromatography on acid-treated Sepharose 6B: this form is subsequently termed modeccin 6B 3. Modeccin 6B has a molecular weight indistinguishable from that of modeccin 4B, and consists of two subunits of mol.wts. 27 000 and 31 000, joined by a disulphide bond. The subunits were not isolated because of their high insolubility in the absence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. 4. As compared with modeccin 4B, modeccin 6B is slightly less toxic to animals, does not agglutinate erythrocytes, and is a more potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in a lysate of rabbit reticulocytes, giving 50% inhibition at the concentration of 0.31 microgram/ml. PMID- 7378048 TI - Sensitivity and other factors affecting biospecific desorption in chromatography of proteins. A study by computer simulation. AB - Some theoretical aspects of the desorption of a column-bound protein by elution with its biospecific ligand are considered in cases where, in comparison with the unliganded protein, the protein-ligand complex has a diminished but finite affinity for the adsorbent. A quantity termed the biospecific sensitivity, B, is introduced to facilitate comparison between different systems. Biospecific sensitivity may be defined as the fractional change in standard free energy of adsorption on formation of the protein-ligand complex. The effects of a moderate to-low biospecific sensitivity on theoretical desorption profiles have been examined by using a computer simulation of the classical multiple-plate column model. Desorption was simulated under various boundary conditions involving protein-adsorbent and protein-ligand affinities and the initial concentrations of adsorption sites, protein and ligand. These simulations suggest that, when the biospecific sensitivity is low, desorption is optimized if (a) the unliganded protein is adsorbed as weakly as possible, (b) the column is loaded to near saturation with the required protein, (c) the free ligand concentration is many times greater than that giving near-saturation of the protein in free solution, and (d) protein contaminants with high affinity for the adsorbent, and present in large amount, are removed in preliminary purification steps. PMID- 7378049 TI - The amino acid sequence of ferredoxin from Brassica napus (rape). AB - The amino acid sequence of the ferredoxin of Brassica napus was determined by using a Beckman 890C sequencer in combination with the characterization of peptides obtained by tryptic and chymotryptic digestion of the protein; some peptides were subdigested with thermolysin. The molecule consists of a single polypeptide chain of 96 amino acid residues and has an unblocked N-terminus. The primary structure shows considerable similarity with other plant-type ferredoxins. PMID- 7378050 TI - Investigation of human erythrocyte superoxide dismutase by 1H nuclear-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - The 170MHZ 1 H n.m.r. spectra of the Cu(II)/Zn(II), Cu(I)/Zn(II) and apo- forms of human erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) are reported. Resonances are assigned to the C-2 and C-4 protons of histidine residues in the active site, and it is suggested that five or six histidine residues serve as ligands to the metal ions in each subunit of the enzyme. The remaining assigned resonances are associated with histidine-41, N-terminal N-acetyl group, histidine- 108 and cysteine- 109. A comparison of the n.m.r. spectra of human and bovine superoxide dismutases suggests significant structural homology. PMID- 7378052 TI - Purification and some properties of a lectin from the fruit juice of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). AB - In the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plant, the fruit juice was found to be the richest source of agglutinating activity. The lectin responsible could be inhibited by oligomers of N-acetylglucosamine, and this property was exploited to purify the lectin by affinity adsorption on trypsin-treated erythrocytes. The lectin is a glycoprotein that cross-reacts immunologically with the lectin from Datura stramonium (thorn-apple). PMID- 7378051 TI - Demonstration and cytosolic location of an endo-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity towards an asialo-N-acetyl-lactosaminic-type substrate in rat liver. AB - An endo-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity towards an asialo-N-acetyl lactosaminic-type glycoasparagine substrate was demonstrated in rat liver. This activity was optimal at pH 7.0 and was predominantly present in the soluble (cytosolic) fraction. PMID- 7378053 TI - Haemoglobin binding with haptoglobin. Unequivocal demonstration that the beta chains of human haemoglobin bind to haptoglobin. AB - Haptoglobin binding to haemoglobin and its isolated alpha- and beta-chains was studied by use of a highly sensitive solid-phase radiometric assay. As expected, adsorbents of haemoglobin bound 125I-labelled haptoglobin more efficiently than did adsorbents of the alpha-chain. However, unexpectedly, adsorbents of the beta chain were found to be essentially identical with those of the alpha-chain in their ability to bind haptoglobin. These results demonstrate, unequivocally, the ability of beta-chains to bind to haptoglobin, and indicate that this assay is particularly convenient and useful for studying haptoglobin interactions with haemoglobin and its alpha- and beta-chains. PMID- 7378054 TI - Factors influencing proteoglycan size in rachitic-chick growth cartilage. AB - 1. Proteoglycan isolated from rachitic-chick growth cartilage was of smaller size than that isolated from tissue of normal chicks. 2. The two proteoglycan populations were of similar average chemical composition and similar in the size of their chondroitin sulphate chains. 3. The size of the proteoglycans was not affected by reduction and alkylation. 4. Labelling studies in vivo with Na235SO4 and [3H]leucine suggest that the difference in size in the rachitic state results from an alteration in synthesis rather than extracellular proteolytic degradation of the normal proteoglycan, but the direct cause of this alteration remains unestablished. PMID- 7378055 TI - Lipopolysaccharides of R mutants isolated from Vibria cholerae. AB - The chemical and serological properties of lipopolysaccharides isolated from the S form and from the R form of cholera vibrios were compared. It was found that the S-R mutation of cholera vibrios involves total elimination of the two component amino sugars of S-form lipopolysaccharides, i.e. quinovosamine and perosamine. This elimination resulted in the loss of O-specificity of S-form lipopolysaccharides and concomitant appearance of strong serological cross reactivity, in the passive-haemolysis-inhibition test, among R-form lipopolysaccharides regardless of the serotypes (Inaba and Ogawa) of their S parent strains. PMID- 7378057 TI - The inhibition of macrophage protein turnover by a selective inhibitor of thiol proteinases. AB - 1. A new inhibitor of thiol proteinases, benzyloxycarbonylphenylalanylalanine diazomethyl ketone (benzyloxycarbonylphenylalanylalanyldiazomethane, Z-Phe-Ala CHN2) was added to cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages prelabelled with [14C]leucine. The degradation of protein was studied under conditions of basal proteolysis in the presence of 10% pig serum. After a lag of about 6 h a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of protein degradation was observed, up to a maximum of about 40%. 2. The inhibitor entered the cells with kinetics consistent with entry by pinocytosis, giving access to the lysosomal system. 3. Intracellular cathepsin B was almost completely inactivated after 90 min of exposure of the culture to 0.1 mm-inhibitor. 4. The inhibition of proteolysis and of cathepsin B was reversed virtually completely within 24 h, when the inhibitor was removed from the medium. Since the inhibitor forms a covalent bond with the enzyme, the recovery of cathepsin B activity presumably reflects production of new molecules of active enzyme. 5. The inhibitory effects of pepstatin, the carboxyl proteinase inhibitor, were under some circumstances additive with those Z-Phe-Ala-CHN2, and were also largely reversible. 6. It is concluded that thiol proteinases play a major role in lysosomal proteolysis in cultured macrophages. PMID- 7378056 TI - Cholic acid binding by glutathione S-transferases from rat liver cytosol. AB - Cholic acid-binding activity in cytosol from rat livers appears to be mainly associated with enzymes having glutathione S-transferase activity; at least four of the enzymes in this group can bind the bile acid. Examination of the subunit compositions of different glutathione S-transferases indicated that cholic acid binding and the ability to conjugate reduced glutathione with 1,2-dichloro-4 nitrobenzene may be ascribed to different subunits. PMID- 7378058 TI - The kinetics of the incorporation of newly synthesized ribonucleic acid and protein into the ribosomes of the uterus of the oestrogen-stimulated immature rat. AB - The kinetics of the synthesis of the components of polyribosomes was investigated in the uterus of the immature rat responding to the administration of oestradiol 17 beta. The hormone brings about a rapid stimulation of the association of newly synthesized mRNA with uterine ribosomes, which is maximal 2-4 h after oestradiol administration and causes the aggregation of pre-existing ribosomes into polyribosomes. Despite the striking stimulation of rRNA synthesis 2-4 h after hormone treatment [Knowler & Smellie (1971) Biochem. J. 125, 605-614], the accumulation of new rRNA into ribosomes does not reach a peak until 12 h after administration. At this time, the incorporation of new ribosomal protein is also maximal. A second peak of incorporation of newly synthesized mRNA into polyribosomes follows the peak of ribosome synthesis and coincides with the oestrogen-activated synthesis of DNA. PMID- 7378059 TI - Subcellular distribution of enzymes determined by rapid digitonin fractionation of isolated hepatocytes. AB - Conditions were determined for rapid separation of cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments by digitonin fractionation of rat hepatocytes. The minimum time required for separation of mitochondrial and cytosolic enzyme markers decreased rapidly with increasing temperature. Kyro EOB, a non-ionic detergent, increases the release of cytosolic enzymes, particularly at lower temperatures. Experimental procedures are described for greater than 90% release of cytosolic enzymes and less than 2% release of mitochondrial enzymes in 3s. By using appropriate concentrations of digitonin and Kyro EOB in a fractionation medium maintained at 1 degrees C and a minimum time of exposure to the medium, nearly separate patterns of release were obtained for enzyme markers for the cytosol, mitochondrial matrix and mitochondrial intermembrane space. The distribution of enzymes that exist in more than one of these compartments was quantified by comparing their rates of release with those of marker enzymes. The cytosol/mitochondrial-matrix distributions for such enzymes in hepatocytes from starved rats were 16%/84% for aspartate aminotransferase, 34%/66% for fumarase and 77%/23% for ATP citrate lyase. In hepatocytes from rats that were induced to synthesize ATP citrate lyase by starvation and re-feeding, the ratio had increased to 95%/5%. The maximum cytosol/intermembrane-space ratio for adenylate kinase was 8%/92%. A procedure is also described for treating commercial digitonin that increases its solubility in water from about 1mg/ml to more than 800mg/ml. PMID- 7378060 TI - Seed extracts inhibiting protein synthesis in vitro. AB - Of 33 seed extracts examined, 12 inhibited protein synthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. This activity seems to be due to a protein, since (i) it was recovered with the (NH4)2SO4 precipitate, (ii) it was retained by dialysis membranes, and (iii) in all cases but one was destroyed by boiling. Only the extracts from the seeds of Adenia digitata and, to a lower extent, of Euonymus europaeus inhibited protein synthesis in intact cells. PMID- 7378061 TI - Inhibition of protein synthesis in vitro by proteins from the seeds of Momordica charantia (bitter pear melon). AB - 1. A haemagglutinating lectin was purified from the seeds of Momordica charantia by affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B and on acid-treated Sepharose 6B. It has mol.wt. 115 000 and consists of four subunits, of mol.wts. 30 500, 29 000, 28 500 and 27 000. 2. The lectin inhibits protein synthesis by a rabbit reticulocyte lysate with an ID50 (concentration giving 50% inhibition) of approx. 5 micrograms/ml. Protein synthesis by Yoshida ascites cells is partially inhibited by the lectin at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. 3. From the same seeds another protein was purified which has mol.wt. 23 000 and is a very potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in the lysate system, with an ID50 of 1.8 ng/ml. This inhibitor has no effect on protein synthesis by Yoshida cells, and has no haemagglutinating properties. 4. Artemia salina ribosomes preincubated with the lectin or with the inhibitor lose their capacity to perform protein synthesis. The proteins seem to act catalytically, since they inactivate a molar excess of ribosomes. 5. The lectin and the inhibitor are somewhat toxic to mice, the LD50 being 316 and 340 micrograms/100 g body wt. respectively. PMID- 7378062 TI - Effect of temperature on the reversal of the calcium ion pump in sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Sarcoplasmic-reticulum vesicles were actively loaded with Ca2+ in the presence of phosphate, and the ADP-induced Ca2+ efflux and ATP synthesis were measured as a function of temperature. Arrhenius plots show break points for both processes at about 18 and 37 degrees C. Between 18 and 37 degrees C, Ca2+ efflux and ATP synthesis occur with an activation energy of 67.2-71.4 kJ/mol, whereas it is about 189-210 kJ/mol for temperatures below 18 degrees C. Above 37 degrees C, the rates of ADP-induced Ca2+ release and of ATP synthesis sharply decline until the temperature reaches about 42 degrees C. Above this temperature, the Ca2+ efflux increases again even in absence of ADP, although the synthesis of ATP is inhibited, which reflects leakiness of the vesicles. The results show that the transition temperatures for ADP-induced Ca2+ efflux and for ATP synthesis resemble those for active Ca2+ uptake, which indicates that the same coupling mechanism is involved during the inward and outward Ca2+ translocations across the membrane. PMID- 7378063 TI - 5,6-epoxyretinoic acid is a physiological metabolite of retinoic acid in the rat. AB - 5,6-Epoxyretinoic acid was detected in small intestine, kidney, liver, testes and serum of vitamin A-deficient rats 3 h after a single physiological dose of [3H]retinoic acid. The maximum concentration of 5,6-epoxide in intestinal mucosa was observed 3 h after intrajugular administration of retinoic acid. However, at 7 h post administration, no 5,6-epoxyretinoic acid was detected in mucosa, demonstrating the rapid intestinal metabolism or excretion of this metabolite. No 5,6-epoxy[3H]retinoic acid was detected in mucosa, liver or serum of retinoic acid-repleted rats 3 h after administration of 2 micrograms of [3H]retinoic acid. PMID- 7378064 TI - Fibronectin-collagen binding and requirement during cellular adhesion. AB - Fibronectin isolated from human plasma and from the extracellular matrices of cell monolayers mediates the attachment in vitro and spreading of trypsin-treated cells on a collagen substratum. Fibronectin-dependent kinetics of cellular attachment to collagen were studied for several adherent cell types. It was shown that trypsin-treated human umbilical-cord cells, mouse sarcoma CMT81 cells, endothelial cells, and human fibroblasts from a patient with Glanzmann's disease were completely dependent on fibronectin for their attachment to collagen, whereas guinea-pig and monkey smooth-muscle cells and chick-embryo secondary fibroblasts displayed varying degrees of dependence on fibronectin for their attachment. Radiolabelled human plasma fibronectin possessed similar affinity for collagen types I, II and III from a variety of sources. The fibronectin bound equally well to the collagens with or without prior urea treatment. However, in the fibronectin-mediated adhesion assay using PyBHK fibroblasts, a greater number of cells adhered and more spreading was observed on urea-treated collagen. Fibronectin extracted from the extracellular matrix of chick-embryo fibroblasts and that purified from human plasma demonstrated very similar kinetics of complexing to collagencoated tissue-culture dishes. Fibronectin from both sources bound to collagen in the presence of 0.05-4.0m-NaCl and over the pH range 2.6 10.6. The binding was inhibited when fibronectin was incubated with 40-80% ethylene glycol, the ionic detergents sodium dodecyl sulphate and deoxycholate, and the non-ionic detergents Nonidet P-40, Tween 80 and Triton X-100, all at a concentration of 0.1%. From these results we proposed that fibronectin-collagen complexing is mainly attributable to hydrophobic interactions. PMID- 7378065 TI - Distribution and partial purification of a liver membrane protein capable of inactivating cytosol enzymes. AB - 1. The inactivation of cytosol enzymes in liver extracts was carried out by several subcellular fractions, with plasma membranes having the highest specific activity. Rough and smooth microsomal fractions were both active, whereas lysosmal inactivation capacity appeared to be derived entirely from contaminating plasma-membrane fragments. 2. Inactivation capacity in liver fractions was derived from parenchymal cells. Of the non-liver cells tested, plasma membranes from H35 hepatoma cells were able to inactivate glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), adipocyte "ghosts" showed slight activity and erythrocyte and reticulocyte "ghosts" were inactive. 3. Liposomes prepared from pure lipids with net negative, positive or neutral charge did not possess inactivation capacity. 4. Liver plasma-membrane inactivation capacity was destroyed by heating at 50 degrees C. 5. Inactivation factor solubilized from membranes by trypsin plus Triton X-100 treatment was partially purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and hydroxyapatite chromatography. 6. Partially purified inactivation factor analysed by gel electrophoresis gave a major protein band that co-migrated with capacity for inactivation of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase. 7. It is concluded that inactivation factor is a membrane protein whose intracellular distribution and other properties are consistent with a possible role for this activity in the initial step of protein degradation. PMID- 7378066 TI - Enzyme inactivation via disulphide-thiol exchange as catalysed by a rat liver membrane protein. AB - 1. The inactivation of cytosol enzymes by a rat liver membrane protein was studied with crude microsomal fraction, plasma membranes or a partially purified preparation of inactivation factor. 2. Complete inactivation of (125)I-labelled glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) by membranes did not result in any detectable change in molecular weight when the products were analysed by gradient polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 3. Inactivation of radioactive enzyme was not accompanied by extensive binding to the membrane surface. The maximum extent of binding was 15% of the total enzyme labelled, and bound radioactivity was released only slowly, mainly as trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material. 4. Treatment of membranes with dithiothreitol destroyed the inactivation capacity, whereas the thiol-alkylating agent iodoacetamide had no effect. Partial restoration of the inactivation capacity of reduced membranes after exposure to air was prevented by membrane alkylation with iodoacetamide. 5. Modification of enzyme thiol groups during inactivation was determined by measuring a decrease in iodoacetamide-reactive groups in purified glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase. 6. Incubation of membrane-inactivated glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase with dithiothreitol resulted in a partial restoration of enzyme activity. 7. As a result of these experiments it is concluded that inactivation proceeds by a disulphide-thiol exchange mechanism. The proposal that this reaction could be involved in the initial step of enzyme degradation is discussed. PMID- 7378067 TI - Effect of the cholesterol content of small unilamellar liposomes on their stability in vivo and in vitro. AB - Small unilamellar neutral, negatively and positively charged liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine, various amounts of cholesterol and, when appropriate, phosphatidic acid or stearylamine and containing 6-carboxyfluorescein were injected into mice, incubated with mouse whole blood, plasma or serum or stored at 4 degrees C. Liposomal stability, i.e. the extent to which 6 carboxyfluorescein is retained by liposomes, was dependent on their cholesterol content. (1) Cholesterol-rich (egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol, 7:7 molar ratio) liposomes, regardless of surface charge, remained stable in the blood of intravenously injected animals for up to at least 400min. In addition, stability of cholesterol-rich liposomes was largely maintained in vitro in the presence of whole blood, plasma or serum for at least 90min. (2) Cholesterol-poor (egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol, 7:2 molar ratio) or cholesterol-free (egg phosphatidylcholine) liposomes lost very rapidly (at most within 2min) much of their stability after intravenous injection or upon contact with whole blood, plasma or serum. Whole blood and to some extent plasma were less detrimental to stability than was serum. (3) After intraperitoneal injection, neutral cholesterol-rich liposomes survived in the peritoneal cavity to enter the blood circulation in their intact form. Liposomes injected intramuscularly also entered the circulation, although with somewhat diminished stability. (4) Stability of neutral and negatively charged cholesterol-rich liposomes stored at 4 degrees C was maintained for several days, and by 53 days it had declined only moderately. Stored liposomes retained their unilamellar structure and their ability to remain stable in the blood after intravenous injection. (5) Control of liposomal stability by adjusting their cholesterol content may help in the design of liposomes for effective use in biological systems in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7378068 TI - The conversion of cephalosporins to 7 alpha-methoxycephalosporins by cell-free extracts of Streptomyces clavuligerus. AB - In the presence of S-adenosylmethionine, 2-oxoglutarate, Fe2+ and a reducing agent, cell-free extracts of Streptomyces clavuligerus convert cephalosporin C and O-carbamoyldeacetylcephalosporin C into 7 alpha-methoxy derivatives. No synthesis of a 7 alpha-methoxy derivative of deacetylcephalosporin C was detected in the system used, and the 7 alpha-methoxy derivative of deacetoxycephalosporin C was produced only in relatively small amounts. It appears that the 7 alpha methoxy group is introduced after the cephalosporin ring system has been formed and that its introduction may represent the final step in a biosynthetic pathway. PMID- 7378069 TI - Interactions between vasopressin and glucagon on ketogenesis and oleate metabolism in isolated hepatocytes from fed rats. AB - Vasopressin (10nM) inhibited ketogenesis (56%) in hepatocytes from fed rats when oleate (1 mM) was the substrate, but had no effect with butyrate (10mM). The hormone increased the accumulation of lactate and stimulated the esterification of [1(-14)C]oleate (70%). These effects of vasopressin were reversed by glucagon (10 nM). The physiological implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7378070 TI - Copper metabolism in mottled mouse mutants. Defective placental transfer of 64Cu to foetal brindled (Mobr) mice. AB - Decreased placental transfer of 64Cu into both Mobr/Y and Mobr/+ foetuses was apparent after its administration to pregnant Mobr/+ mice. The severity of impairment and the degree of retention and accumulation of 64Cu in the placenta was not as great as has been previously observed in the gut of the suckling Mobr/Y mice. PMID- 7378072 TI - Chloroquine and ammonium ion inhibit receptor-mediated endocytosis of mannose glycoconjugates by macrophages: apparent inhibition of receptor recycling. PMID- 7378073 TI - Ionic strength, pH, and the electrostatic correction of redox protein reaction rates. PMID- 7378071 TI - Inhibition of highly purified mammalian phospholipases A2 by non-steroidal anti inflammatory agents. Modulation by calcium ions. AB - Highly purified Ca2+-dependent phospholipases A2 that were isolated from human platelets, rabbit alveolar macrophages and peritoneal polymorphonuclear leucocytes and were active in the neutral-to-alkaline pH range were inhibited 50% by 75 microM-indomethacin in the presence of 5.0 mM added Ca2+. Sodium meclofenamate and sodium flufenamate were also inhibitory; the sensitivity to inhibition was a function of Ca2+ concentration. The dose for 50% inhibition (ID50) with meclofenamate was 0.4 mM in the presence of 2.5 mM added Ca2+, but 50nM in the presence of 0.5 mM added Ca2+. Thus, inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents via Ca2+ antagonism may significantly contribute to the mechanism of drug action. PMID- 7378074 TI - Carotenoid biosynthesis in vitro conversion of violaxanthin to capsorubin by a chromoplast enriched fraction of Capsicum fruits. PMID- 7378076 TI - Conservation of the kinetic and allosteric properties of the acetylcholine receptor in its Na cholate soluble 9 S form : effect of lipids. PMID- 7378075 TI - Modulation by thyrotropin of thyroglobulin synthesis in cultured thyroid cells : correlations with polysome profile and cytoplasmic thyroglobulin mRNA content. PMID- 7378077 TI - Necessity of iron for the alternative respiratory pathway in Acanthamoeba castellanii. PMID- 7378079 TI - Presynaptic donor DNA-protein complexes in transformation of Streptococcus sanguis: identification of the protein component. PMID- 7378078 TI - Inhibition of the substrate cycle glucose:glucose 6-phosphate by physiological concentrations of fructose in perfused rat liver. PMID- 7378080 TI - Kinetics of antibody-dependent activation of the first component of complement on lipid bilayer membranes. PMID- 7378084 TI - The effect of synovial tissue on the synthesis of proteoglycan by the articular cartilage of young pigs. AB - Explants of pig articular cartilage were grown in organ culture in the presence of synovial tissue; controls consisted of paired explants that were cultivated in isolation. To find whether the synovial tissue affected synthesis of sulfated proteoglycan by the cartilage, 35SO4 was added to the medium and its incorporation into the cartilage examined by both biochemical assay and autoradiography. The synovial tissue severely inhibited the uptake of 35SO4, but if the synovium was removed after 8 days cultivation and the cartilage was grown in isolation for a further 4 days, incorporation of 35SO4 equalled and sometimes surpassed that of controls which had been grown without synovium continuously for 12 days. Synovium did not prevent the formation of new cartilage on the cut surfaces of the explants, but it reduced the incidence of newly formed cartilage. PMID- 7378081 TI - The influence of clofibrate on lipid turnover in mouse tissues. PMID- 7378082 TI - Measurement of transmembrane proton diffusion using two liposome-sequestered pH indicator dyes. PMID- 7378083 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor in a cultured human breast cancer cell line (MCF 7 cells). PMID- 7378086 TI - Acetylator phenotype in idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The acetylator phenotypes of 21 patients from New York City and 29 patients from Israel with idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were determined with dapsone or isoniazid. Thirty were slwo acetylators, 17 were rapid, and 3 indeterminate. These cases plus published studies of acetylator phenotypes in idiopathic SLE show a worldwide distribution of 150 slow to 77 rapid instead of the expected 122:105 (P less than 0.001). The relationship between acetylator phenotype and possible etiologic agents is discussed. PMID- 7378085 TI - Connective tissue activation. XV. Stimulation of glycosaminoglycan and DNA synthesis by a polymorphonuclear leukocyte factor. AB - Human synovial fibroblasts in culture have been stimulated to augment hyaluronate synthesis and glucose utilization by connective tissue activating peptides (CTAP) extracted from human spleen, lymphocytes, platelets, granulocytes, and tumour cells. The platelet-derived mediator CTAP-III also stimulated DNA synthesis in synovial fibroblasts, but CTAP-I from lymphocytes and spleen did not. The present study demonstrates the mitogenic potential of a granulocyte mediator (CTAP-PMN). Normal granulocytes were prepared with Ficoll-diatrizoate gradients, platelet contamination being estimated by phase microscopy and by radioimmunoassay for the platelet-specific protein, beta-thromboglobulin. CTAP-PMN preparations derived from 4 x 10(7) cells/ml stimulated culture 3H-thymidine incorporation to 3.56 +/- 1.32 (SD) times control levels. Although exposure of preparations to thiols reduced their mitogenicity, CTAP-PMN was relatively heat-stable. SDS gel electrophoresis of active fractions suggested a molecular weight between 12,700 and 15,700 daltons. In double immunodiffusion, antisera to CTAP-III showed no reactivity with CTAP-PMN. CTAP-PMN or other granulocyte factors capable of stimulating fibroblast DNA synthesis may play a role in chronic proliferative synovitis or in other settings where exudative inflammation is accompanied by connective tissue growth. PMID- 7378088 TI - Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Subcommittee for scleroderma criteria of the American Rheumatism Association Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee. AB - A multicenter, ongoing study of early-diagnosed cases of systemic sclerosis and comparison patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, and Raynaud's phenomenon was conducted in order to develop classification criteria for systemic sclerosis. Preliminary criteria are proposed namely, the finding of either the sole major criterion, i.e., proximal scleroderma, or two or more of the minor criteria, i.e., 1) sclerodactyly, 2) digital pitting scars of fingertips or loss of substance of the distal finger pad, and 3) bilateral basilar pulmonary fibrosis. When applied to the case and comparison patients included in this study, these proposed criteria had a 97% sensitivity for definite systemic sclerosis and 98% specificity. PMID- 7378087 TI - Studies on the nucleation of monosodium urate at 37 degrees c. AB - Factors influencing the nucleation of monosodium urate (NaHU) were studied with supersaturated solutions of sodium urate at physiologic conditions of temperature, pH, and ionic strength. Spontaneous nucleation of NaHU did not occur at urate concentrations of 5 mM (84 mg%) in the presence of 140 mM Na ion. Addition of synovial fluids from gout patients greatly enhanced nucleation, whereas fluids from degenerative joint disease patients moderately enhanced nucleation, and fluids from rheumatoid arthritis patients had only a slight effect. Hyaluronic acid and purines minimally enhanced urate crystallization, whereas other connective tissue components had no effect. PMID- 7378089 TI - Behcet syndrome with myositis. A case report with pathologic findings. PMID- 7378091 TI - Arthritis on stamps. PMID- 7378092 TI - Clinical and serologic significance of cutaneous deposits in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7378093 TI - Lupus antibody syndrome with intestinal lymphoma. PMID- 7378090 TI - Sensitive mass spectrometric procedure for the detection of bacterial cell wall components in rheumatoid joints. PMID- 7378094 TI - Gold salts in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7378095 TI - [Synthesis of New Uracil Derivatives / On the reactability of 4 chloromethyluracil (author's transl)]. AB - The synthesis of new uracil derivatives is described. In 4-chloromethyluracil, chlorine can be easily exchanged under mild conditions for amine, aniline, hydrazine, and phenol. PMID- 7378096 TI - [Muscle relaxants / 3rd communication: Development of acrylic acid derivatives of potential muscle relaxing activity (author's transl)]. AB - With reference to the occurrence of C=C partial structures and alkyl carboxylate groupings in muscle relaxants, the synthesis of acrylic acid derivatives by the aminomethinylation procedure has been followed up. From the reaction of s triazine (1) with methyl acetoacetate (2a) and piperidine (5a), methyl 2-acetyl-3 piperidino acrylate (6a) arises. Analogously, 3-pyrrolidinoacrylophenone (6b) and 3-morpholinoacrylophenone (6c) are formed. In the same manner, the three component reaction comprising the interaction of 1 with malononitrile (7) and a secondary amine (5) gives rise to the formation of the aminomethylenemalononitrile structure 8. PMID- 7378097 TI - Quantitative correlation of anesthetic potencies of halogenated hydrocarbons with boiling point and molecular connectivity. AB - The anesthetic potencies of halogenated hydrocarbons are found by the regression analysis to have a fairly good correlation with boiling point and first-order valence molecular connectivity (1 chi v). Also a significant correlation is found between boiling point and 1 chi v themselves. PMID- 7378098 TI - [The effect of actinomycin D on the early stages of embryonic development in the rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus L]. PMID- 7378099 TI - [Study on histological and histochemical appearance of fetal mouse tibiae cultured in vitro in comparison with freshly excised tibiae (author's transl)]. AB - The histological and histochemical appearance of murine fetal tibiae was studied in order to furnish the morphological background for biochemical investigations on in vitro cultures of these organs, used as an experimental model for the study of drug influences on metabolic processes of mesenchymal tissues. Freshly excised tibiae until the 14th day of gestation showed solely cartilagenous structures; first signs of calcification were found after 15 days of gestation and ossification of the diaphysis proceeds until the 17th day. A comparison of tibiae explants excised on the 17th day of gestation and cultured for 6 days in vitro with freshly excised tibiae of the same age (17 days) indicates a continuous growth of the explants in vitro without any signs of degenerative processes which could be due to the culture conditions. PMID- 7378101 TI - A possible activation of cholesterol 7-hydroxylation by S-methylmethionine (vitamin U). AB - The conversion rate from 14 C-cholesterol to its 7 alpha-hydroxylated metabolites was studied in the microsome system prepared from mice liver with the pretreatment of S-methylmethionine (MMSC). In results, the increased amounts of 7 alpha-hydroxylated metabolites by MMSC show a possible activation of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase. PMID- 7378102 TI - Preliminary results on the total radioactivity distribution upon parenteral administration of 14C-coumarin to DBA/2 mice. AB - The time related distribution patterns of coumarin (C) and its main metabolite 7 hydroxycoumarin (7-HC) were studied in DBA/2/lac mice following retroorbital injection of 14C-labelled C. The total radioactivity was determined as counts per minute per ml or g wet weight over a period of 60 min. In blood, brain, heart, lung, muscle and spleen peak concentrations were observed 2.5 min after dosing. The liver and kidney showed the greatest accumulation with peak concentrations being reached after 10 min. Blood and brain concentrations were equal. Unmetabolized C was found in all organs studied; 7-HC was found in all organs but brain, and the glucuronide of 7-HC was found in all organs but brain and spleen. Apparently C crosses the blood brain barrier but the metabolites do not. The decay of the total radioactivity versus time appears to be best fitted to a two compartment model for brain, heart, lung, muscle, and spleen, and to a one compartment model for blood, liver and kidney. The terminal half-life in blood was 0.24 h. PMID- 7378100 TI - [Urinary copper excretion from rats following administration of aliphatic and alicyclic polyamines (author's transl)]. AB - The cupriuretic effectivity of tetradentate chelating agents was measured in rats and compared with that of D-penicillamine. The applied chelators are aliphatic and alicyclic tetramines and tetramine-analogous substances with two nitrogen atoms substituted by oxygen. Urine copper excretion was measured during 24 h (and 6 and the following 18 h, respectively) after single and repeated doses over a period of 5 days. The aliphatic tetramines, triethylenetetramine (TETA, TRIEN) and BE 6184, were the most active substances. Simultaneous application of TETA and D-penicillamine does not induce a summation or potentiation of the copper elimination. After s.c. application TETA seems to be three times more effective than orally. The potency of aliphatic and alicyclic tetramines is discussed on the basis of in vitro data. PMID- 7378103 TI - A model solution for intestinal absorption of warfarin. A drug with non-linear distribution pharmacokinetics in the rat. AB - A non-linear multicompartment model with saturation kinetics of binding to plasma and interstitial fluid proteins and with non-saturable binding to tissues has been applied to the absorption of warfarin (8 mg/kg of warfarin sodium) from the rat small intestine in situ. The absorption was best described with two pathways, one into plasma and the other instantaneously into the interstitial fluid. According to the results from the best computerized curve fitting, absorption is rapid, the apparent absorption rate constant being 0.258 min -1. At hypothetical zero time 0.253 of the dose (1.0) would be located in plasma, 0.597 in interstitial fluid 0.150 in tissues. PMID- 7378105 TI - Effect of indometacin on certain aspects of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in rats. PMID- 7378104 TI - Percutaneous absorption of 3 H-pethidine in the rat. PMID- 7378106 TI - A highly topically active corticosteroid. Preliminary report. AB - The local anti-inflammatory effects of a synthetic corticosteroid, 17 alpha, 21 diacetory-2-bromo-6 beta, 9 alpha-difluoro-11 beta-hydroxy-1,4,-pregnadiene-3,20 dione (F-2), were evaluated by granuloma and granuloma pouch method. F-2 had an intensive and probably persistent topical anti-inflammatory activity. The systemic effects of F-2 were evaluated by measuring the thymus and adrenal gland weight. F-2 did not induce significant systemic effects at as high a dose as 125 times the effective dose. PMID- 7378107 TI - Pharmacological studies of trans-6-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-2-isopropylamino 1,2,3,4,-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenol hydrochloride (AA-497), a new potent bronchodilator. PMID- 7378108 TI - Effects of vitamin K3 on the hypotensive and bronchoconstrictor responses to bradykinin and histamine in the guinea pig. AB - Vitamin K3 significantly inhibits the bradykinin-induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig lungs in vivo. On the other hand, the bronchoconstrictor responses to histamine are significantly potentiated with vitamin K3. Vitamin K3 does not significantly alter the hypotensive responses to either brandykinin or histamine. PMID- 7378109 TI - [Synthesis of radioactively labelled tetroxoprim (author's transl)]. AB - Synthesis of radioactively labelled 2,4-diamino-5-[3,5,-dimethoxy-4-(2 methoxyethoxy)]-benzylpyrimidine (tetroxoprim) as needed for pharmacokinetic studies, is described. Commercial [14C]-guanidine hydrochloride was used as radioactive label. PMID- 7378110 TI - [Tissue distribution of 14C-tetroxoprim in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - The distribution of i.v. injected and orally administered 2,4-diamino-5-[3,5 dimethoxy-4-(2-methoxyethoxy)]-benzylpyrimidine (2-14C-tetroxoprim) was studied in the whole body of rats using autoradiographic techniques. Quantitative measurements of tissue levels at various times confirmed the autoradiographic data. After shorter survival times higher activity concentrations were found in the liver, kidneys, lung and stomach. The radioactive affinity of the kidneys appears to be much higher in the medullary than in the cortical zone. After longer survival times, the 14C-radioactivity is mainly localized in the digestive system. PMID- 7378111 TI - [Renal elimination kinetics of tetroxoprim and sulfadiazine in patients with renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7378112 TI - [High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of tetroxoprim and sulfadiazine in biological samples (author's transl)]. AB - A specific and sensitive HPLC-analytical method was developed for the determination of 3-methoxy-6-sulfanilamidopyridazine (sulfadiazine) and 2,4 diamino-5-[3,5-dimethoxy-4-(2-methoxyethoxy)]-benzylpyrimidine (tetroxoprim), a new competitive inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate-reductases. The method has a sensitivity limit of 50 ng tetroxoprim/ml and 150 ng sulfadiazine/ml serum. PMID- 7378113 TI - [Effect of aprindine in patients with normal and pre-damaged impulse forming and excitation conducting system. Second communication: Conduction times (author's transl)]. PMID- 7378114 TI - [Bioavailability of theophylline after oral administration of a retard preparation of theophylline-ethylenediamine and the influence of 15-day ingestion on elimination kinetics after i.v. injection (author's transl)]. AB - After the administration of 350 mg a retard preparation of theophylline ethylenediamine (Aminophyllin retard) p.o. to 10 healthy test persons the absorption rate of theophylline amounted to an average of 84%, after which the absorption had not been fully completed in all persons after 10 h. Constant plasma levels appeared under the continuous administration of 350 mg of the retard preparation twice a day after 3-5 d; they were only a little above 5 mg/l, i.e. in the lower therapeutical range. After 15 d a clinically hardly significant increase in the theophylline clearance was found. PMID- 7378115 TI - [Bioavailability of monofluoride preparations for dental caries prophylaxis (author's transl)]. AB - Three different preparations containing 1 mg fluoride were given to 12 volunteers: preparation A, 1 hydrous solution, = 1 mg F-/100 ml, preparation B = 2 tablets at 0.5 mg F- and preparation C = 1NaF tablet with 1 mg F-. Representactive kinetic data could be obtained by means of restricted fluoride in the diet, a reproducible method yielding minimum detectable fluoride concentration and selection of suitable volunteers.. The enteral absorption of fluoride from solution A was more rapid (half-life of invasion = 20.2 min and 16.9 min, respectively). The delayed release is a consequence of the galenic mixture. In addition, the maximum concentration in plasma was greater and was reached sooner in preparation A when compared to the other preparations. In contrast, there was no difference in the areas under the curves, indicating that the relative bioavailability of fluoride is the same in all preparations. PMID- 7378116 TI - Plasma concentrations of amitriptyline during single nightly and thrice daily administration. Cross-over study. AB - Plasma amitriptyline and nortriptyline concentrations were measured in ten depressed in-patients after administration of amitriptyline hydrochloride 75 mg in three divided doses or as a single nightly dose. Mean steady state plasma concentrations during the two dosage regimens were similar. Plasma level differences between dosage schedules at sampling times were small and not significant. It was concluded that the single nightly administration of amitriptyline is a helpful therapeutic schedule which can be used instead of the divided dose when the opportunity is given. PMID- 7378117 TI - Familial study on the "double pre-beta lipoproteinemia" and on a polymorphic pattern of apolipoprotein E (EIV "variant" pattern) from human very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). AB - The familial aggregation of the "double pre-beta lipoproteinemia" (double-PBL) and of a "variant" pattern of the apolipoprotein E (EIV) from human very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) was investigated. Although double-PBL does not discriminate between blood relatives (BR) and controls (C), the former can be clearly distinguished from the latter as they have significantly higher VLDL TG/TG and Apo-E/C-peptide ratios, implying that the proportion of "remnant" particles is significantly higher in the BR than in the C. Family subjects carrying apolipoprotein E enriched particles as the BR with the double-PBL phenomenon, exhibit significantly higher serum and LDL cholesterol levels as compared to C subjects with "single pre-beta lipoproteinemia" (single-PBL). The familial distribution of the apo-EIV "variant" pattern suggests an autosomal dominant transmission. The significantly higher prevalence of the double-PBL phenomenon in the group of EIV positive (+) as compared to the EIV negative (-) subjects suggests, but does not prove, that these two factors are possibly causally related. The clinical importance of such a finding, which seems to be substantiated in the light of recent experimental observations, is discussed. PMID- 7378118 TI - Circulating platelet aggregates in an adult population sample. Relationships with the main coronary risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. AB - We have determined the reversible circulating platelet aggregates (CPA) in a sample taken from the general population (414 consecutive individuals of both sexes, aged 20--60 years), examined during the initial screening of a multifactor primary prevention trial for coronary heart disease. Our findings show that in the overall population, less than 10% of circulating platelets occur as reversible aggregates. No differences were observed with regard to sex, age or presence of non-acute cardiovascular disease. No significant correlations were found between the extent of CPA and the main coronary risk factors. PMID- 7378119 TI - The influence of clofibrate on lipid and protein components of very low density lipoproteins in type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia. AB - After 30 days of clofibrate administration to 11 patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia, a significant fall was observed in serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels. In the VLDL fraction the concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol and apo B were significantly decreased. The apo CII/apo CIII ratio was raised. Cholesterol concentration changes in LDL and HDL fractions were not significant. PMID- 7378120 TI - Arterial connective tissue changes and distribution of 125I-labelled low density lipoprotein in hypertensive pigs. AB - Young pigs with hypertension of 10 weeks duration, resulting from cellophane perinephritis, were injected with 125I-labelled low-density lipoprotein ([125I]LDL) before being killed 24 h or 48 h later. Intimal thickening and increased acid mucopolysaccharide were demonstrated in the aortas and major arteries of the hypertensive animals. Increased accumulation of [125I]LDL was observed in the inner media beneath areas of intimal thickening. It is suggested that the primary effect of hypertension in atherosclerosis is to produce structural changes in arterial connective tissue which allow increased accumulation of LDL by altering the permeability and binding properties of the arterial wall. PMID- 7378121 TI - Effects of combined procetofene--nicotinic acid therapy in treatment of hypertriglyceridaemia. AB - Eight males with hypertriglyceridaemia were treated with a combination of procetofene (400 mg/day) and nicotinic acid (4 g/day) for 6 weeks. Previous therapy with only procetofene (400 mg/day) had given a certain, but not complete degree of normalisation. The combined treatment lowered the VLDL TG concentration values from 3.21 to 1.11 mmol/l and increased the HDL cholesterol concentration from 1.04 to 1.43 mmol/l (P less than 0.05 for both). The significant LDL cholesterol increase from 4.45 to 5.27 mmol/l, observed during treatment with procetofene only, reverted to 4.05 mmol/l when combined therapy was given. This drug combination may be a valuable tool to obtain maximum reduction of elevated TG in the therapy of hypertriglyceridaemia. PMID- 7378122 TI - The distribution of apo C-II and apo C-III in very low density lipoproteins of normal and type IV subjects. AB - The apoC-II/apoC-III ratio and the distribution of C apoproteins as percentage of the total protein in VLDL obtained from normolipidemic and type IV patients was studied by analytical isoelectrofocusing. While the percentage concentration of apoCI-III was unchanged that of apoC-II was 9.2% of total protein in normal VLDL and only 7.4% in type IV VLDL (P less than 0.05). The apoC-II/apo C-III ratio significantly decreased in type IV patients. The analysis of VLDL subfractions obtained by density gradient ultracentrifugation gave essentially the same results. These data confirm the decrease of apoC-II as % of the protein in type IV VLDL and suggest that the decrease of the apoC-II/apoC-iii ratio in type IV patients is related only to the decreased content of apoC-II. Whether the reduced apoC-II percentage amount or the decreased apoC-II/apo C-III ratio are related to the hypertriglyceridemia in type IV subjects is still unclear. PMID- 7378123 TI - Serum lipids and lipoprotein concentrations during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. AB - The concentrations of serum lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol were measured serially during the acute phase (14 days) following myocardial infarction (MI) in 13 male survivors. All patients were re-examined at least two months after discharge from hospital. A significant increase in serum triglyceride (TG) concentration occurred during the acute phase, with values returning to baseline two months after recovery. No changes in the concentrations of the other lipids or lipoprotein cholesterol were observed. PMID- 7378124 TI - Effects of immune complexes on plasma triglycerides in rabbits. AB - The effect of immune complexes on plasma lipids, especially triglycerides (TG) was studied in rabbits. After a single intravenous dose of bovine serum albumin (BSA), serological aberrations suggestive of immune complexes appeared around the 14th day. Changes in the plasma TG or cholesterol values were not observed within a follow-up period of 4 weeks. However, reimmunization with a second dose of BSA 2 months later led to a significant decrease in plasma TG (P less than 0.01). In fat tolerance tests TG emulsion was given intravenously to rabbits immunized 14 days earlier with BSA. The elimination curve of exogenous TG (followed for 100 men) was in its first phase exponential and in it second phase linear in all experimental groups. The significance of the second phase, however, has to be interpreted with some caution because of the possible recirculation of TG into the blood stream. In the rabbits immunized with one dose of BSA the fractional removal rate of TG did not differ from that of the controls. However, in the rabbits reimmunized with a second dose of BSA 2 months later the fractional removal rate of TG was greater than in the controls (P less than 0.01). It was concluded that immune complex lesions under certain circumstances may affect the TG metabolism. The mechanism concerned may be increased permeability of the injured vascular endothelial cells, possibly through the increased release of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). PMID- 7378125 TI - Susceptibility and resistance of Sprague--Dawley and spontaneously hypertensive rats to aortic calcification induced by a diet high in CaPO4. AB - Male and female, Sprague--Dawley (S--D) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with arteriosclerosis (breeders) and without arteriosclerosis (virgins) were fed a regular control diet or a diet high in CaPO4. After 45 days on the high Ca : P diet, there were no obvious adverse effects on the health, body, or organ weights of any animals. Although the high Ca : P diet did not cause any exacerbation of the spontaneous high blood pressure of SHR, it did cause hyperlipidemia and abnormally elevated corticosterone levels, but paradoxically, low normal levels of circulating Ca and P. Despite the fact that the high Ca : P diet produces kidney stones, there was no increase in the incidence of kidney stones which appear spontaneously in breeder rats. The high Ca : P diet did not alter the intimal hyalin lesions of the gonadal arterioles which appear spontaneously and exclusively in SHR breeders but it did produce severe exacarbation of the aortic calcification which appears spontaneously in repeatedly bred, S--D rats. PMID- 7378126 TI - HDL cholesterol, peripheral and coronary vascular disease in high age groups. PMID- 7378127 TI - A survey of the ultraviolet radiation emissions of photochemotherapy units. AB - Measurements have been made of the spectral emission and irradiance from whole body ultraviolet irradiation units used in the treatment of psoriasis by photochemotherapy (PUVA). A total of ten units were studied, located at nine different treatment centres in England. The results showed that within the limits of experimental accuracy there was no significant difference in the profile of all spectra measured, although the measured value of irradiance compared with each centre's own UV-A meter showed wide discrepancies. There is poor documentation provided by manufacturers of UV-A meters on the meaning of the scale reading in mWcm-2, and it would seem expedient that some agreed calibration procedure for these instruments is forthcoming. PMID- 7378128 TI - Thermoendocrine influences on maternal nesting behavior in rats. AB - Adrenalectomy-ovariectomy (adex-ovex) of mother rats resulted in prolonged nest bouts with their young. Glucocorticoid, but not progesterone or aldosterone, replacement therapy to adex-ovex dams limited the duration of maternal nesting bouts by successfully restoring the chronic vulnerability of these mother rats to the acute thermal consequences of huddling with the young. This vulnerability appeared to be due to a chronic elevation of maternal temperature. When the heat load of hormone-disrupted mothers was chronically elevated, the dams were subject to an acute rise in temperature while huddling with their young, and nest bouts were curtailed. PMID- 7378129 TI - Quantitative determination of retinals with complete retention of their geometric configuration. AB - A method is described for the quantitative extraction of retinal in its original isomeric configuration from retinal-containing pigments. Using excess of hydroxylamine under denaturing conditions, the chromophore of retinal bearing natural products is converted into the corresponding retinaloxime with complete retention of geometric configuration. The retinaloximes can be quantitatively extracted with dichloromethane and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7378130 TI - To educate or not to educate: is that the question? PMID- 7378131 TI - Studies on the hormonal and metabolic effects of pinealectomy in the rat. PMID- 7378133 TI - Enzootic bovine leukosis: Ministry announcement of future policy. PMID- 7378132 TI - Clinical applications of ultrasound tissue characterization. PMID- 7378134 TI - A prostaglandin mechanism may contribute to the regulation of blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats during pregnancy. PMID- 7378135 TI - Spontaneous abortion and grieving. AB - Delayed, unresolved and pathologic grief reactions are common and often unrecognized occurrences following spontaneous abortion. The loss is frequently not appreciated, so the woman may not have the opportunity to work out her grief reaction. Family physicians can facilitate normal grieving and can detect delayed or pathologic reactions. It is helpful to encourage the woman and her partner to ask questions and to discuss such issues as cause, blame and guilt. PMID- 7378136 TI - [Causes of persisting postoperative varicoceles]. AB - We report on 18 patients presenting persisting varicoceles following one or several surgical attempts to ligate the vena spermatica interna. During the last 12 years 519 patients underwent high ligation of the V. spermatica interna (technique of Bernardi) for varicocele in this center. In 5 of them a varicocele persisted after surgery (1 per cent). Phlebography in all operated 18 cases showed: an overlooked branch of the V. serm. int. in 2 cases, collateral veins to the paravertebral plexus in 3 cases and a combination of venous collaterals to neighbouring systems and overlooked branches in 13 cases. Collateral anastomoses as causes for persisting varicoceles were demonstrated to the presacral- and paravertebral plexus, to the V. iliaca and the V. femoralis and via the plexus pampiniformas to the other side. Preoperative Phlebography is preferred to intraoperative radiological diagnosis since the latter may be technically difficult, incomplete and may require a longer incision for ligation of distant anastomoses. PMID- 7378137 TI - [Traumatic subluxation of the radial head in children (author's transl)]. AB - During a period of 11 years 2672 traumatic subluxations of the radial head have been treated. This accident are mostly be found from 1--4 years of patients, especially in 61.4% in women. The reposition was in all the cases conservative. PMID- 7378138 TI - [Accuracy of the dosage determination in the penumbral area for the "Rokus" gamma apparatus]. PMID- 7378139 TI - The Harderian gland and thermoregulation in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). PMID- 7378141 TI - Intravesical therapy with adriamycin in patients with superficial bladder tumors. AB - An 80-mg dose of adriamycin was given intravesically once a month to 58 patients with superficial transitional cell tumor of the bladder. Complete cytological remission was achieved in all 11 patients with previously untreated, flat carcinoma in situ lesions. In 19 carcinoma in situ patients, who were previously treated by other means, cytological remission occurred in 74%. In T1 and T2 papillary tumor remission occurred in 65 and 20%, respectively. Minor local side effects were observed. PMID- 7378140 TI - Clinical predictive criteria for response to endocrine treatment and the receptor status. PMID- 7378142 TI - Somatomedin production by rat liver in organ culture. II. Studies of cartilage sulphation inhibitors released by the liver and their separation from somatomedins. AB - Inhibitors of cartilage sulphation have been found to be released by the rat liver in organ culture. They cause a decrease in [35S]sulphate uptake by embryonic chick cartilage and, when added to a constant amount of serum, counteract the somatomedin (SM) activity of the serum. Both of these effects are dose-dependent. Their antagonistic action, investigated in the presence of increasing concentrations of serum, appeared to resemble non-competitive inhibition which would suggest different sites of action for SM and inhibitors. Incubation of the liver explants with cortisol (0.01-1 microgram/ml) increased the sulphation-inhibiting activity of the culture medium and the effect was dose dependent. Simultaneous addition of cycloheximide suppressed the inhibition. Gel filtration of the culture medium on Sephadex G 75 showed that: a) at pH 7.9, inhibitors eluted in the same fractions as [125I]SM-A bound to its carrier (apparent molecular weight approximately 45 000); b) at pH 2.4, inhibitors still eluted as large molecules, but SM activity appeared in the same fractions as the dissociated [125I]SM-A. The question arises whether the cartilage sulphation inhibitor might not be the same molecule as the SM-carrier protein released by the liver. PMID- 7378143 TI - Pharmacokinetics of minaxolone. PMID- 7378144 TI - Studies on rubescenslysin haemolysis. PMID- 7378145 TI - Test anxiety and academic performance: the effects of study-related behaviors. PMID- 7378147 TI - [Lithium in the central nervous system tissues in radiation sickness]. PMID- 7378146 TI - [Mathematical evaluation of the errors in radioisotopic methods of determining circulating blood, plasma and erythrocyte volumes]. PMID- 7378148 TI - Current knowledge of selenium-vitamin E deficiency in domestic animals. PMID- 7378152 TI - [Acute suppurative lactation mastitis complicated by phlegmon of the paramammary cellular tissue]. PMID- 7378149 TI - [Lactae dehydrogenase activity and its isoenzymatic spectrum in the myocardium in rheumatic heart defects]. AB - The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzymatic spectrum were studied in biopsy specimen of the myocardium of 35 patients with mitral valvular disease who underwent operation. Starch gel electrophoresis was used. Four fractions of LDH isoenzymes were detected: LDH1, LDH2, LDH3, and LDH4. A definite metabolic trend of their changes in different stages of the disease was determined. LDH1 activity was considerably increased in patients with stage III mitral stenosis who had complications in the postoperative period. This is evidence of unstable compensation in patients of this group and may indicate the possible development of complications in the early postoperative period. PMID- 7378151 TI - [Use of a tincture of birch buds for treating suppurative wounds]. AB - The treatment of purulent wounds with 20% tincture of birch buds in 70% alcohol was performed on 108 patients (83 patients had superficial wounds, 10--deep wounds, 15--cavitary wounds). Good results were obtained after using the birch buds tincture in all the patients, including patients with antibiotic-resistant microbial flora. PMID- 7378150 TI - [Device for repositioning in extrafocal osteosynthesis]. PMID- 7378154 TI - [Microbial flora of postoperative wounds and the blood in suppurative puerperal mastitis]. PMID- 7378155 TI - [Surgical treatment of hepatic echinococcosis]. PMID- 7378153 TI - [Change in the blood serotonin level and in the coagulogram indices postoperative patients under the influence of diamifen]. PMID- 7378156 TI - Yes, management, your medical department can affect the "bottom line". PMID- 7378157 TI - Benzophenone metabolism. I. Isolation of p-hydroxybenzophenone from rat urine. PMID- 7378158 TI - [Chemotherapy-cum-radiotherapy-cum-surgery in the treatment of small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7378159 TI - [Artificial pulmonary ventilation during anesthesia in young infants with congenital heart defects]. PMID- 7378160 TI - Evoked potential conditioning using morphine as the unconditioned stimulus in rats. PMID- 7378161 TI - Problems associated with the binding of L-glutamic acid to synaptic membranes: methodological aspects. PMID- 7378163 TI - [Calcium and magnesium content in the tissues of rats exposed to an industrial frequency electromagnetic field]. PMID- 7378162 TI - Antiarrhythmic activity of TR 2985, a novel diphenylhydantoin derivative. PMID- 7378165 TI - Plasmalemma-mitochondrial complexes involved in water transport in the hindgut of a milliped, Scaphiostreptus sp. AB - Pasmalemma-mitochondrial complexes (PMC) are known to be very active in water transport in different tissues. The PMC in the hindgut cells of the milliped, Scaphiostreptus sp., differ from those found in other transporting epithelia of hindguts; they are closely connected with cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. This arrangement is thought to be very efficient in ion and water transport. PMID- 7378164 TI - Determination of the developmental pattern of retinal ganglion cells in chick embryos by Golgi impregnation and other methods. AB - The differentiation of retinal ganglion cells was investigated in chick embryos, with special attention to accurate incubation times from stage 20 (about 3 days of incubation) to after hatching (after 20 days of incubation). The morphological differentiation of these cells comprised four main events: 1. Shortening of the bipolar processes attached to the inner and outer limiting membranes and the sprouting of an axon from part of the cell body. These were recognized at stage 25 (about 4.5 days of incubation) by Golgi impregnation methods. 2. Beginning of differentiation of the dendrites, which was recognized at stage 29 to 31 (about 6 or 7 days of incubation). 3. The rapid development of the dendrites. This occurred at stage 34 (about 8 days of incubation). 4. The essential completion of the retinal ganglion cells, which was recognized at stage 39 (about 13 days of incubation). PMID- 7378166 TI - Medicine in orthopaedics: a role for the rheumatologist? AB - In a seven-month period 102 patients admitted for elective orthopaedic surgery (total hip replacement for more than 50%) were referred for a medical opinion, and more than 70% were seen preoperatively. Twenty-nine patients were considered unfit for operation for a variety of different reasons, but after suitable treatment surgery was possible for most of this group. General practitioners and surgeons alike provided insufficient information prior to admission, and this resulted in postponement of operations. A wide variety of conditions was seen pre and post-operatively, and a very high level of diagnostic criticism was maintained by orthopaedic junior staff but management of certain metabolic conditions was poor. As the number of elderly patients requiring joint replacement surgery increases, great care must be exercised in preoperative assessment in order to maintain an economic service. Combined orthopaedic and rheumatology consultation might be advantageous. PMID- 7378168 TI - A conversation with Commissioner Jere E. Goyan, pharmacist. Interview by William E. Small. PMID- 7378167 TI - Congress moves to regulate the regulators. PMID- 7378169 TI - Cambodia--pharmacy and the refugees. PMID- 7378170 TI - Intermittent pressure cuffing for oedematous digits. AB - A double-walled rubber cylinder, made of cheap, readily available materials, is described. This device enables intermittent positive pressure to be applied to individual fingers during the course of management of post-surgical or post traumatic finger oedema. It has a number of advantages over the standard total hand splint currently used. PMID- 7378171 TI - FR-31564, a new phosphonic acid antibiotic: bacterial resistance and membrane permeability. AB - Mutants which acquired resistance to FR-31564 were also resistant to fosfomycin and vice versa. Some exceptions to cross-resistance were found among clinical isolates of certain species. FR-31564 was found to be incorporated into bacterial cells more efficiently than fosfomycin although the extent of incorporation varied among species. In particular, the uptake rate of FR-31564 by a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was ten times that of fosfomycin. The uptake rate of FR 31564 by both FR-31564- and fosfomycin-resistant mutants was less than one-tenth of that by the parent strain. FR-31564 was scarcely inactivated in the culture broths of FR-31564-resistant strains. All of the FR-31564-resistant mutants of P. aeruginosa came under the classification of strains lacking an L-alpha glycerophosphate transport system. PMID- 7378172 TI - [Titers of antibodies for visceral for larva migrans in hospitalized patients]. AB - The antibody titers for Toxocara and Ascaris were investigated in 49 patients of both sexes and hospitalized because of several pathological conditions, finding an 18% with high titer for Toxocara and 22% for Ascaris. Thirty-seven percent of those with positive titer for Ascaris showed ascaris eggs in the stool. Fifty five percent of those with positive titer for Toxocara had had contact with dogs and cats and 33%, with dogs only. A correlation among the symptoms, chest x-ray, protein electrophoresis, relative eosinophilia and the elevation of antibodies could not be established; however, the patients with high titers for Ascaris and Toxocara showed an absolute eosinophilia higher than the mean. The diagnosis of systemic infection by larvae of Toxocara and Ascaris can be suspected when there is relative eosinophilia of 10% or more, but its confirmation is still difficult except when finding the parasite "in situ". The serological test can help, but it is not definitive. The recently developed tests are more sensitive and open new expectancies. PMID- 7378173 TI - [Determination of sodium and potassium in feces of infants with diarrhea disease]. AB - Two male infants, with second degree malnutrition and diarrhea were the subjects of this study. Samples of stools were collected in eight periods of eight hours each to determine: dry and moist weight, concentration of sodium and potassium in each sample. The correlation fluid volume against concentration of sodium and another one of lost volume expressed in milliliters per kilogram per period against concentration, corresponded to r = 0.83 and 0.86 with p less than 0.01. As expected, no correlation was found for the potassium ion when behaving as independent variable. PMID- 7378174 TI - [Ovarian tumors in pediatrics]. AB - The occurrence of ovarian tumors in the Hospital Infantil de Mexico in the last 10 years is reviewed with the analysis of frequency by age, type of tumor, relationship with Norris & Jensen's and Groeber's classifications. The signs and symptoms most frequent, laboratory and x-ray studies, preoperative diagnosis and management are discussed. Other methods of diagnosis are likewise discussed and the International Federation of Gyneco-obstetrics' scheme for classification and management is offered for future cases. PMID- 7378175 TI - [New concept in the treatment of hydronephrosis]. AB - Sixteen cases of pyeloureteral obstruction treated in the period of 24 months are reported. The differential diagnosis, specially with Wilms' tumor must be considered. The low frequency of obstruction secondary to aberrant vessels is also important as etiological cause of pyeloureteral obstruction. This situation contributes to obstruction, but is not the main cause; the same is true with the anomalous implantation of the ureter in the renal pelvis. Within the possible etiological causes, the impairment of function of the pyeloureteral junction must be mentioned as responsible of the dilatation of the renal pelvis. Quite possibly such dysfunction is secondary to an abnormal disposition of the muscle fibers, the same as to the presence of fibrous tissue at the level of said junction. The dynamic evaluation of the ureteropyelic junction was used in two ways, systemic and local, to decide the surgical intervention. The functional evaluations is quite important to avoid unnecessary surgery. Anderson-Hynnes' technique was used to avoid frequent relapses observed when etiological treatment is not done. The correct application of the technique is important to obtain good results. PMID- 7378178 TI - [Results of intermittent catheterization in the management of neurogenic bladder]. AB - The authors report the results obtained with the use of clean intermittent catheterization as and aid in the management of patients with neurogenic bladder of any etiology. The improvement obtained in 17 patients as to the attainment of urinary continence which was total in 11 and partial in 5 (94%), the absence of complications and the radiological improvement in these patients, justify the use of this procedure as an easy and safe method at a long term before considering surgical urinary derivation. PMID- 7378176 TI - [Post traumatic diaphragmatic hernia with situs inversus in a student 11 years old]. AB - A case is reported of generalized acute abdominal pain in a school boy 11 years old with history of abdominal trauma produced by the introduction of a steel rod into the right hypochondrium. Laparatomy and prophylactic appendectomy were practiced and the diagnosis of situs inversus was made in his homestead. Six months later, the patient complained of intermittent abdominal pain, vomiting and absence of stools. With this picture, he was reoperated at this hospital where a right perforation of the diaphragm was found, through which the stomach, the epiploon and part of the ascending colon protruded into the chest. Said viscera were returned to the abdominal cavity and the diaphragmatic defect was sutured. The evolution was uneventful and the patient was discharged 10 days after surgery. PMID- 7378177 TI - [An unusual complication of a tricobezoar]. AB - A cause of low intestinal obstruction due to intestinal trichobezoar is presented. This is a very uncommon entity, specially when there is no simultaneous gastric component. The first description was made by Bertram in 1965, and a few cases have been reported in the literature ever since. Such an obstruction appears in approximately 10% of all the cases of trichobezoar, being more frequent in the female, with a peak incidente at 10 to 19 years of age. There is only one case reported in Mexico. The term Bezoar means antidote and has been classified according to the material with which it is formed. It can be frequently observed in patients with psychiatric disorders. Diagnosis is made under clinical and radiological grounds; treatment is by means of enterostomy or intestinal resection. PMID- 7378180 TI - [Sinusitis as a frequent cause of chronical bronchitis]. AB - The pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis is not limited to pure infections as there may be a number of precipitating factors, like the air we breath, which is loaded with minute organic and inorganic particles that come into combination with soluble and insoluble gases penetrating through the respiratory ducts causing severe distant lesions or accumulation of secretions in upper respiratory tract that may be responsible for important disturbances in the ventilation producing repetition bronchitis. Such relationship is known as sinobronchial syndrome. This report includes 40 cases seen at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico and studied in detail as to the pathophysiologic aspects. The results obtained were based on previous history, clinical picture, x-ray studies of paranasal sinuses and chest; bacteriological studies, hematologic and immunological aspects. The preschool age was the most frequent and males predominated over females. The outstanding symptom was coughing. Ten per cent of the patients were being treated as tuberculous and 8% as repetition amygdalitis. Out of the cases studied, 16 were operated (amygdalectomy) and out of these, antrostomy was done to 3, besides the administration of bronchodilators, antihistaminics, steroids and antibiotics of the penicillin type and derivatives. PMID- 7378182 TI - [Cleidocranial dysplasia]. AB - Five sporadic cases of cleidocranial dysostosis are described. Besides the classical findings, the clinical and roentgenological evaluation showed bilateral macrodactily of the second toe, aplasia of the 12th rib and severe acetabular dysplasia. This features had not been previously reported in medical literature. The importance of an early diagnosis is stressed for adequate orthopedic and odontologic management, as well as for opportune genetic counseling. PMID- 7378184 TI - [Halothane: another resource for the asthmatic patient]. AB - A case of severe asthma which did not improve with the usual management is presented. Ventilations was assisted with an orotracheal cannula and the patient was given halothane with a good response and improvement of his crisis. Halothane must be considered as a possibility in the treatment of severe asthma. However, further studies in this area are necesary. PMID- 7378183 TI - [Renal vein thrombosis]. AB - Twenty-one autopsy protocols (1967-77) of children with the pathological diagnosis of thrombosis of renal vein were included in this study. Sixteen cases were bilateral and the remaining 5 were affected in one side. No correlation was found between pre and perinatal background to support the diagnosis. All facts showed electrolytic unbalance and severe metabolic acidosis. The coagulation tests showed unspecific disturbances. In six cases, it was possible to make pathological confirmation of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The classic triad of abdominal tumor, hematuria and uremia were found in a low percentage. PMID- 7378179 TI - [Immunoelectrophoretic and functional evidence in various infants of a transient variant of the fibrinogen (fetal fibrinogen?)]. AB - In 21 out of 466 full term newborn babies (4.5%) and in 5 out of 50 prematures (10%) a transient fibrinogen electrophoretic abnormality, anodic and cathodic, was found. The observation that the thrombin time in full term newborn babies is prolonged, compared with the adult levels, was confirmed (p less than 0.0005). The difference between the thrombin time in full term newborn babies without fibrinogen electrophoretic abnormalities and those who had them, was statistically significant (p = 0.005) suggesting that the abnormality is associated with the protein function. The normal electrophoretic component could be the "adult" equivalent of the protein and the cathodic variant, the "fetal" type of fibrinogen. This hypothesis could explained why the thrombin time of plasma in newborn normal babies is enriched with the "fetal" fibrinogen in variable proportion, and is delayed compared with that of the adults. PMID- 7378185 TI - [Dental caries]. AB - Recent studies on the etiology and prevention of dental caries are synthetized. Caries is an infectious disease produced by the bacterial plaque where microorganisms act upon hydrocarbon substrate producing acids (lactic, pyruvic, acetic, etc.). These acids decalcify the enamel surface producing the carious cavity. The three types of caries are mentioned: 1. The sucrose-dependent caries on the free surfaces of the tooth with the Streptococcus mutans predominance. 2. The pits and fissures caries with Lactobacillus acidophilus predominance. 3. The root caries with Acinomyces viscosus predominance. Caries prevention points out to three aspects. 1. Increasing tooth resistance through the use of ingested fluoride and/or topical fluorides and pits and fissure sealants. 2. A profuse and promising research work on control of microbial plaque is being done. Meanwhile, the correct and periodically controlled toothbrushing is still the most efficient preventive measure. 3. Diet control. Being carbohydrates a deep rooted habit of our modern culture, its control has to be carefully evaluated. A judicious and reduced strategic consumption of carbohydrates and the use of substitutes are useful ways of achieving the preventive aims. PMID- 7378181 TI - [Hemoglobin S. Apropos of a family]. AB - The present paper describes a homozygote patient for the gene of hemoglobin S. The patient is the first child of non-consanguineous parents. The family study revealed 11 heterozygote subjects for the sickle cell disease. PMID- 7378186 TI - [HbAlc in diabetic subjects in progressive deterioration of the metabolic situation]. AB - Five subjects with type I and type II diabetes mellitus under worsening diabetic control were studied and their HbAlc levels were monitored over three months. There was a strong rise of HbAlc paralleling plasma glucose, while serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels do not rise significantly. These findings confirm that the glycosylation of haemoglobin in vivo reflects the mean blood glucose levels over the previous few weeks and suggest that the trouble of lipid metabolism in diabetes is a slower and more indirect expression of the derangement in diabetic control than HbAlc. PMID- 7378188 TI - [Incidence of the qh+ varients in the karyotype of subjects occupationally exposed to ionizing radiations]. AB - The "qh+" variants in the human karyotype are generally held to be inherited and devoid of phenotypical effects, although more frequent in families with cases of chromosomal aberrations. The finding of an even higher frequency of apparent mosaicism for 9qh+ in the karyotype of individuals professionally exposed to radiation supports the hypothesis that the variant may be mutagen-induced, possibly reflecting a "first hit" in chromosomal damage. Further studies are under way to verify the hypothesis, in view of a possible use as an indicator of radiation damage and/or risk factor in genetic counseling. PMID- 7378189 TI - [Study of the effects of free radicals produced by ultraviolet rays on viscosity of human synovial fluid. Methodological details]. AB - After having pointed out a method measurement of the synovial Fluid (S.F.) viscosity by means of a white blood cell diluting pipette, obtaining results similar to those of Ostwald's viscometer, the AA have studied the osteoarthrotic S.F. viscosity after Ultra Violet Illumination. The production of Free Radicals induced by U.V., determines a fall of osteoarthrotic S.F. viscosity towards the values found in arthritic S.F..So, the AA, indirectly, confirme the capacity of Free Radicals to induce a S.F. viscosity modification like that provoked by the phlogistic process. PMID- 7378191 TI - [Potentiating effect of some fatty acids on platelet aggregation induced with ADP, collagen and 1-epinephrine]. AB - Since there is evidence of the correlation between the platelet membrane phospholipids and the aggregating properties of several agents, we studied in vitro the effect of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) on ADP, collagen and epinephrine induced platelet aggregation. Our results showed that "sub-critical" concentrations of long carbon chains of saturated and unsaturated FFA potentiated the platelet aggregation induced by "critical" concentrations of ADP, collagen and epinephrine. However, we suggest that exogenous long carbon chains of FFA could enhance the platelet membrane lipids and could make the platelets more "responsive" or "sensitive" to lowest aggregating stimuli. PMID- 7378190 TI - [Action of free fatty acids on platelet aggregation induced with thrombin]. AB - The sinergic effect on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation by Free Fatty Acids (FFA) was studied "in vitro". Our results showed that "sub-critical" concentrations of long carbon chains of saturated and unsaturated FFA potentiated the platelet aggregation induced by "critical" concentration of thrombin. However, we suggest that: a) exogenous long carbon chains of FFA could enhance the platelet membrane lipids and increase the ciclic Endoperoxides, Prostaglandins and Thromboxan A2 synthesis; b) exogenous long carbon chains of FFA could induce the platelets more "sensitive" to aggregating effect of "critical" concentrations of thrombin. PMID- 7378193 TI - [Short-term memory. An experimental model]. AB - In the present work we aimed to elaborate an experimental model to evaluate and quantify the short-term memory in experimental animals, in this case in mice. It seemed ideal to us the employment of a spontaneous behaviour, i.e. the re exploration of the hole board, automatically recorded by animals which had previously explored at a 24 h interval. The data obtained show that, when re exploring, the animals show a statistically significant decrease, compared to the previous exploration. It can be concluded that the animals had a mnestical retention and that it can be validly quantified. This shows the validity of this experimental model, in order to study the short-term memory in mice. PMID- 7378194 TI - [Inhibitory effect of scopolamine on recent memory of mice]. AB - In this research the Authors have studied the action of scopolamine on the memorization of the explorative behavior of the mice. They gave scopolamine before each of the 2 explorations made at an interval of 24 h one from the other. The results obtained show that in these experimental conditions, scopolamine cancels the short-time memory in a more complete fashion compared to the only administration before the second exploration. The Authors advance the hypothesis that this effect of scopolamine can be in relationship to its action on the cholinergic system. PMID- 7378192 TI - [Use of a particular cellulose acetate supporting agent in the electrophoretic evaluation of urinary proteins]. AB - It is compared an electrophoretic study between unconcentrated and concentrated urine samples on cellulose acetate and immunoelectrophoresis. The study shows that the findings carried out on cellulose acetate are overlapped with the immunochemical methods therefore the cellulose acetate may be preferred an useful medium on the electrophoretic assay of the unconcentrated urinary proteins without concentration. PMID- 7378187 TI - [Interaction of the genes of progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD) and blood groups (ABO)]. AB - Verification of the hypothesis that the inheritance of the Progressive Muscular Dystrophies (PMD) may involve dispersed genes, throiugh the study of a sample of 105 patients revealed that 82% of the Duchenne type belong to blood group O, while 79% of the limb-girdle type belong to group A. The fact that the Duchenne gene is sex-linked while the ABO locus is on chromosome 9 confirms the "dispersed genes" hypothesis, with important implications for further research, for genetic counselin and possibly for prevention. PMID- 7378195 TI - Lysis of rat liver lysosomes through incubation with 1-leucyl-glycine, substrate for a lysosomal dipeptidase. AB - 1-Leu-Gly is a substrate for a lysosomal dipeptidase. The incubation of subcellular fractions in the presence of the dipeptide causes a rapid lysis of the particles, as revealed by the increase of both free and soluble activities of acid phosphatase. This effect is due to the hydrolysis of the dipeptide within the particles, as documented by the concomitant aminoacid production. The enhancing effect of EDTA on this phenomenon is reported. PMID- 7378196 TI - Studies on lipid peroxidation using isolated rat liver cells: the role of singlet oxygen in the propagation of lipid peroxidation ADP-Fe3+ or CCl4 induced. AB - The separation of lipid peroxidation reactions in two sequential parts, initiation and propagation, has been proposed. Furthermore, it has been shown that some of the propagation reactions following the peroxidative breakdown of membrane lipids may produce singlet oxygen, a highly excited, energetic species of molecular oxygen. To investigate whether singlet oxygen is involved in the propagation of ADP-Fe3+ or CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation, hepatocytes in single cell suspension were treated with the two mentioned drugs in the presence or in the absence of 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2,2,2]octane (DABCO), a known scavenger of singlet oxygen. Only the stimulation of malonaldehyde production due to ADP-Fe3+ was partially prevented by high concentrations of the scavenger, while the CCl4 induced increase of malonaldehyde was not influenced. The results reported here suggest that ADP-iron complex stimulates lipid peroxidation in a way that is somehow different from that occurring in the case of CCl4 poisoning. PMID- 7378198 TI - Effects of octylguanidine on heart activity: 2. Mechanical cardiac response of guinea-pig as compared to Xenopus. AB - The effects of octylguanidine on the mechanical activity of Guinea-pig heart were investigated. The negative inotropic effect took place in a biphasic manner with a first fast contraction decline process followed, after a temporaneous steady state, by a second slower one, respectively associated with the membrane and the metabolic action. A comparison with the biological action in Xenopus was made: the activity is foundamentally the same, although individual differencies can be found. These can be interpreted on the bases of the ultrastructural differencies of the two tissues and of the different operative temperatures, and are consistent with the hypothesis of the formation of the octylguanidine-membrane complex. PMID- 7378197 TI - Effects of octylguanidine on heart activity: 1. Electrical cardiac response of guinea-pig as compared to Xenopus. AB - The effects of octylguanidine on electrical activity of Guinea-pig heart were investigated. The substance (2.7 x 10(-4)M) initially reduced the rate of rise of the action potential without a concomitant modification of the other action potential without a concomitant modification of the other action potential parameters, reminding the tetrodotoxin in its action. Subsequently, it reduced the action potential (resting membrane potential, overshoot and depolarization rate) as far as the cardiac stop (about 60 min), acting as a metabolic poison. Membrane and metabolic effects were basically analogous to those observed in Xenopus. PMID- 7378199 TI - [The efficacy of lidocaine in the status epilepticus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7378201 TI - [A case of crossed aphasia in a dextral with pure word dumbness (author's transl)]. PMID- 7378200 TI - [Alexia without agraphia--a case report and chronological changes in reading and writing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7378204 TI - [Peculiar manifestation of cellular immunity in the brain--analysis by experimental brain tumor model]. PMID- 7378203 TI - [Multiple cerebral tuberculomata involving brainstem and cerebellum--report of a case (author's transl)]. AB - A case of multiple cerebral tuberculomata involving the pons and cerebellum was presented. The lesions were demonstrated by CT as isodense to slightly dense foci. All four intra-axial lesions showed homogeneous enhancement following an intravenous injection of the contrast medium, and one of them was surrounded by a small area of low density, probably representing the perifocal edema. The patient responded well to chemotherapy with streptomycin, hydrazid and rifampicin : cranial nerve signs and long tract signs clearing rapidly and the enhancing lesions and mass effect on CT disappearing concomitantly. Although cerebral tuberculoma is nowadays very rare in Japan, still a high index of suspicion should always be entertained during the investigation of patients showing solitary or multiple enhancing lesions with no or slight degree of perifocal edema on CT, and a trial of antituberculous drugs should be given before the incurable malignancy is presumed or the lesion is explored surgically. PMID- 7378202 TI - [Intracerebral germinoma developing in the right basal ganglia--report of a case followed up by CTscan and review of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - Recently, a case of intracranial germinoma in the right basal ganglia was experienced in our department. He was a 14-years old boy with left motor hemiparesis. On repeated CT studies (7 times), developmental process of the tumor was observed for about 2 years. The tumor developed from the right putamen and invaded toward it's neighboring area (right basal ganglia, thalamus and hypothalamus). As the tumor grew larger, multiple cysts were formed in the tumor tissue and dislocation of ventricles occurred. On 21 December 1978, right temporal craniotomy was performed and a piece of the tumor was removed. It's tissue was diagnosed as germinoma by pathohistological examination. As the effect of postoperative 60Co irradiation and chemotherapy (Vicristine, CCNU), tumor stain (high density area) on CT scann disappeared and remained only as a well margined low density area. On CT scan in September 1979, recurrence sign was not noted. Clinical features of the germinoma located in the basal ganglia has not been well known, because of it's rarity. As a result of the survey of 7 cases reported in the Japanese literature and our case, it has been made clear that most of them are characterized by motor hemiparesis in the early stage, not accompanied by intracranial hypertension. PMID- 7378206 TI - [Experimental embolization of the middle cerebral artery in dogs and its clinicopathophysiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7378205 TI - [Effects of procaine and apomorphine injected into the ventral tegmental area on self-stimulation of the nucleus accubens (author's transl)]. AB - In the present study, microinjection of procaine and apomorphine were made into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) during self-stimulation of the nucleus accumbens (NAS). By blocking the VTA input to NAS with procaine, it should be possible to influence self-stimulation of the NAS. In addition, since it has been suggested that dendrites of VTA dopaminergic neurons contain dopamine "autoreceptors", the effect of microjections of apomorphine a dopamine agonist, into the VTA on self stimulation of the nucleus accumbens was also investigated. Reseult obtained were as follow: The injection of procaine to VTA reduced self-stimulation of the ipsilateral NAS and the administration of apomorphine to the VTA significantly attenuated self-stimulation of the ipsilateral NAS completely suppressing it for 3--4 min. Self-stimulation of NAS has been suggested to activate fiber projection of mesolimbic dopamineric neurons (A10) from VTA. PMID- 7378207 TI - Myocardial infarction with normal coronary angiogram. Possible mechanism of smoking risk in coronary artery disease. AB - The coronary angiograms of 120 consecutive patients under 40 years of age were examined. Ten new cases of myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteriogram were identified (group 1) and compared with 30 cases of myocardial infarction and obstructive coronary disease (group 2). Heavy cigarette smoking was the sole major risk factor in group 1. Patients in group 2 smoked as well but most also had hypercholesterolaemia or hypertension. Pre- and postinfarction angina was rare among the patients with myocardial infarction and normal coronary arteriogram, and recanalisation after smoking-induced thrombotic occlusion is thought to be the most likely mechanism. Smoking-induced thrombosis is only likely to be recognised in special circumstances, when it develops in apparently normal coronary arteries, is followed by recanalisation, and is complicated by infarction as a permanent marker of previous obstruction to regional myocardial blood flow. Thrombotic occlusion of a "normal" coronary artery without recanalisation will only be recognised when infarction is fatal. If smoking can predispose to thrombosis in "normal" coronary arteries, it may be even more likely to accelerate thrombosis in atheromatous coronary arteries. The importance of recognising group 1 may well be in relation to the much commoner group 2. PMID- 7378208 TI - Nuclear angiography in convalescent phase of myocardial infarction. Serial study of left ventricular performance. AB - Electrocardiograph-gated blood pool scans (anteroposterior and left anterior oblique projections) were recorded in 30 patients seven to 10 days after myocardial infarction. Left ventricular ejection fractions (mean 0.26 +/- 0.10) were lower on average than values previously obtained in 11 normal subjects (mean 0.52 +/- 0.06) and correlated broadly with the clinical assessment of left ventricular performance. Ejection fractions were lower in anterior (mean 0.21 +/- 0.09) than inferior (mean 0.32 +/- 0.08) infarcts. Abnormal wall motion was detected in 11 of 15 anterior infarcts and in six of 13 inferior infarcts: mean ejection fractions associated with global asynergy, segmental asynergy, and normal wall motion were 0.15, 0.26, and 0.36, respectively. Twenty-four patients were reinvestigated two months later. Though there was some change in the clinical status of eight patients, wall motion and ejection fraction were unchanged (mean difference -0.005 +/- 0.036). Twelve patients were reinvestigated six months after infarction. The ejection fraction for the group was significantly lower than the values obtained at 10 days and two months, and four individual changes were significant when compared with the first study. Changes in wall motion were observed in one patient. From this radionuclide study, we conclude that ejection fraction and wall motion do not improve after the early convalescent phase of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7378210 TI - Serum creatine kinase B subunit activity in diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. AB - The value of serum creatine kinase B subunit activity (CK B) in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was studied in 238 consecutive cases. All were admitted to a coronary care unit because of suspected acute myocardial infarction. Serum CK B activity was determined by an immunoinhibition procedure, using a CK M subunit inhibiting antibody (anti-M). For the evaluation of serum CK B, patients were classified into acute myocardial infarction and non-acute myocardial infarction groups. This classification was based on electrocardiographic findings, on quantitative determinations of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total serum creatine kinase (CK) activities, and on qualitative electrophoretic determinations of serum CK and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzymes. The prevalence of acute myocardial infarction in the patient material was 0.47. Serum CK B subunit activity was found to be a highly selective indicator of acute myocardial infarction with a predictive value of a positive test result of 0.97 and a predictive value of a negative test result of 0.99. The serum CK B activity increased above the acute myocardial infarction discrimination limit within 12 hours from onset of symptoms. Two non-acute myocardial infarction patients, who were resuscitated after cardiac arrest, had increased serum CK B values caused by the transient presence of CK isoenzyme BB in serum. PMID- 7378209 TI - Left ventricular systolic time intervals in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - Left ventricular systolic time intervals were measured daily during 601 episodes of acute myocardial infarction. The ratio of pre-ejection period to ejection period during the first 24 hours permitted patients to be arranged in six prognostic groups with mortalities while in hospital ranging from 4 to 60 per cent. The only factors completely independent of the systolic time intervals which were shown statistically to be associated with high mortality while in hospital were defects in atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction. PMID- 7378211 TI - Salbutamol in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. AB - Intravenous salbutamol (13 microgram/min) has been given to 31 patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. Haemodynamic measurements were made in nine of these patients. Salbutamol increased cardiac index by 41 per cent from 1.25 +/- 0.06 l/min per m2 to 1.76 +/- 0.19 l/min per m2 and decreased systemic vascular resistance by 16 per cent from 26.2 +/- 1.9 units to 21.9 +/- 2.1 units. Heart rate rose by 13 per cent from 95 +/- 4.5 beats/min to 106 +/- 6.0 beats/min. Pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure fell from 20.6 +/- 1.7 mmHg to 16.9+/- 1.9 mmHg. Of the 31 patients, eight survived to leave hospital (27%). Five of the survivors had initial low heart rates and in these patients the clinical improvement was probably attributable to the positive chronotropic action of salbutamol. In the remaining three survivors clinical improvement was probably a result of salbutamol mediated afterload reduction. Salbutamol may be useful in the treatment of cardiogenic shock and pump failure complicating acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7378212 TI - Thallium-201 scintigraphy for diagnosis of old myocardial infarction: comparison with electrocardiographic, ventriculographic, and coronary arteriographic findings. AB - Myocardial scintigraphy with 201Tl was performed at rest in a selected group of 36 patients with unequivocal clinical and electrocardiographic evidence of old myocardial infarction. The scintigraphic findings were correlated with electrocardiographic pattern, and with regional left ventricular wall motion and the severity of coronary artery disease defined by contrast angiography. Detection was dependent on the extent of the infarct but was independent of QRS morphology and of the severity of coronary disease. When positive, 201Tl scintigraphy was often a more precise method than the electrocardiogram for localising and delineating the extent of the infarct. Furthermore, the perfusion defect corresponded in location and extent to abnormalities of left ventricular wall motion. The site or severity of coronary artery disease could not be determined from the 201Tl scintigram. PMID- 7378213 TI - Echocardiographic comparison of haemodynamic effects of metoprolol and propranolol. AB - Metoprolol (200 mg daily) and propranolol (160 mg daily) were each given for one week to 11 normal subjects. The order of administration was randomized and not known to us during the study. Each period of treatment with active drug was followed by one week during which placebo tablets were taken. M-mode echocardiograms and blood pressure were recorded before entry to the trial, twice during each week of treatment with metoprolol or propranolol, and daily for three days and on the seventh day after stopping the drugs. Septal and posterior wall endocardial echoes were traced with an X-Y digitiser and left ventricular minor axis dimensions derived every 10 ms with a minicomputer. Both drugs reduced heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure. Systemic vascular resistance was increased significantly by propranolol, and with both agents was inversely related to heart rate, cardiac output, left ventricular diastolic dimension, and indices of contractility. PMID- 7378215 TI - Comparison of vasodilator drug prazosin with digoxin in aortic regurgitation. AB - Intravenous administration of the vasodilator sodium nitroprusside has beneficial haemodynamic effects in subjects with severe aortic regurgitation while acute digitalisation can produce unwanted effects associated with an increase in systemic vascular resistance. This study compares the haemodynamic effects of the vasodilator prazosin and digoxin in eight patients with isolated severe aortic regurgitation. Prazosin 5 mg orally resulted in a 12 +/- 3 (SE) per cent increase in cardiac index (thermodilution), maintained over four to six hours, while digoxin 0.75 mg intravenously did not change the cardiac index. Prazosin reduced mean arterial pressure by 9 +/- 3 mmHg and systemic vascular resistance by 18 +/- 4 per cent while digoxin resulted in a 6 +/- 2 per cent increase in the latter. Mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure fell 3 mmHg with prazosin. In this group of patients with severe aortic regurgitation but without severe cardiac failure, the changes with either drug, studied in doses conventionally used, were small but those with prazosin were directionally more desirable than those resulting from digoxin. PMID- 7378214 TI - Dilation of coronary artery stenoses after isosorbide dinitrate in man. AB - The effect of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), 5 mg sublingually, on the diameters of coronary artery stenoses (n = 27) was examined in 20 patients. Another 18 patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries received the same amount of ISDN and were used as controls. Prestenotic and stenotic diameters were measured with a vernier calliper having an accuracy of 0.05 mm. The degree of stenosis was expressed as percentage of cross-sectional area reduction. ISDN caused uniform dilatation of every normal epicardial artery; mean increase in diameter was 21 per cent (range: 17 to 26%). In 18 stenoses (28 to 95% obstruction) there was very little change after ISDN. The mean prestenotic diameter increased from 2.82 +/- 0.48 mm to 3.05 +/- 0.43 mm and the mean stenotic diameter from 1.45 +/- 0.49 mm to 1.59 +/- 0.51 mm. However, in the nine other stenoses (35 to 89% obstruction) the mean degree of obstruction decreased significantly from 68 +/- 15.6 per cent to 47 +/- 15.6 per cent after ISDN. This improvement was a result of a significant increase of the mean stenotic diameter from 1.71 +/- 0.47 mm to 2.41 +/- 0.55 mm, whereas the prestenotic diameter showed only an insignificant increase from 3.17 +/- 0.63 mm to 3.31 +/- 0.58 mm after ISDN. In four patients with two obstructions in different coronary branches ISDN dilated one without significantly affecting the other lesion. From the data we conclude that ISDN can dilate some coronary artery stenoses but that this response may vary from one site to another even in the same patient. PMID- 7378219 TI - Aortic root dissection. Another cause of early systolic closure of the aortic valve. AB - An early systolic closure of the aortic valve was recorded in the echocardiogram in two patients with aortic root dissection. This sign, initially described in discrete subaortic stenosis and occasionally observed in mitral regurgitation and interventricular septal defect, has not so far been described in dissecting aneurysm of the aorta. PMID- 7378218 TI - Relation between caval and pulmonary artery oxygen saturation in children. AB - The flow relation between that in the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava was studied in order to estimate the oxygen saturation of mixed venous blood in connection with heart catheterisation of children between the ages of 5 and 8 years without cardiac shunts. The investigation includes a group of 19 children examined during halothane anaesthesia and a group of 40 examined under local anaesthesia. The groups were comparable in respect of age and body surface. The results show that the oxygen saturation of mixed venous blood (MVB) is higher under general anaesthesia than during local anaesthesia, and that the oxygen saturation in the former group is highest in the superior vena cava (SVC) and lowest in the inferior vena cava (IVC), while the reverse is the case during examination under local anaesthesia. Based on multiple regression analysis, it is advisable, for children between the ages of 5 and 8 years, to use the formula MVBcalc = -0.85 + 0.81 SVC + 0.18 IVC for the estimation of the oxygen saturation in the mixed venous blood in children under general anaesthesia and the formula MVBcalc = 10.21 + 0.52 SVC + 0.34 IVC for children during local anaesthesia. When estimating mixed venous blood in younger children and during general anaesthesia or both, more emphasis should be laid on the flow through the superior vena cava. PMID- 7378216 TI - Acute haemodynamic effects of oral prazosin in severe mitral regurgitation. AB - Acute haemodynamic effects of single dose oral prazosin were studied in eight patients with mitral regurgitation. Heart rate, mean systemic arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, left ventricular filling pressure, and forward cardiac output were measured in all patients. At peak effect, prazosin reduced mean systemic arterial pressure (95 +/- 4 to 86 +/- 4 mmHg), pulmonary arterial pressure (45 +/- 6 to 23 +/- 4 mmHg), and left ventricular filling pressure (30 +/- 4 to 21 +/- 3 mmHg). Pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance also fell (316 +/- 49 to 208 +/- 43 dynes s cm-5 and 2132 +/- 148 to 1491 +/- 94 dynes s cm 5, respectively). Forward cardiac index increased from 1.89 +/- 0.12 to 2.43 +/- 0.13 l/min per m2 and stroke volume from 43 +/- 5 to 57 +/- 6 ml/beat after prazosin. The onset of these changes occurred between 15 and 30 minutes, peaked between 45 and 60 minutes, and persisted for six hours. These data indicate that in patients with mitral regurgitation oral prazosin promptly improves cardiac performance (judged by increased forward cardiac output and reduced left ventricular filling pressure) as systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance are reduced. PMID- 7378220 TI - Exercise-induced ST segment elevation. Electrocardiographic, angiographic, and scintigraphic evaluation. AB - Two hundred and fifteen patients with previous myocardial infarction were investigated between four and six months after the acute episode by computer assisted 12 lead exercise electrocardiography. Thirty-six (17%) out of this group showed ST segment elevation over the infarct zone, reflected by leads presenting with "QS" configuration. They were further investigated by serial thallium-201 scintigraphy, coronary arteriography, and left ventricular angiography. All showed left ventricular wall motion abnormalities and 89 per cent were diagnosed to have left ventricular "aneurysm" (dyskinesia and akinesia). In a further patient with a posterior aneurysm, the exercise-induced ST elevation could only be detected by using an oesophageal lead. We suggest that these changes reflect severe underlying left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in the presence or absence of reversible myocardial ischaemia. The mechanism of ST segment elevation in this situation, occurring in leads with a "QS" configuration, may be mechanical in the majority of the patients rather than due to reversible myocardial ischaemia. PMID- 7378217 TI - Congenital valvar aortic stenosis. Natural history and assessment for operation. AB - Two hundred and eighteen patients with congenital valvar aortic stenosis aged between 1 and 25 years at presentation were followed for one to 26 years (average 8.7 years). Assessment of severity of aortic stenosis was essentially based on clinical findings including symptoms, the character of the pulse, and the behaviour of the second heart sound, management being further influenced by the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy shown in the electrocardiogram. There was reasonable correlation between clinical and haemodynamic assessment and all patients with a gradient between left ventricle and aorta (LV-Ao) greater than 50 mmHg (6.7 kPa) were judged to have moderate or severe aortic stenosis on physical signs. Fifty-five per cent of those judged mild on presentation still had a mild lesion 18 years later; 42 per cent of those judged moderate on presentation still had a moderate lesion 15 years later. Forty-four patients had an operation and of the 30 patients who underwent aortic valvotomy, only 40 per cent still had a satisfactory result 13 years later. There were three preoperative and seven postoperative deaths but in only two patients was death directly related to severe aortic stenosis and both of these patients had been lost to follow-up. It is concluded that indications for operation are aortic stenosis which is moderate or severe on physical findings, together with restrictive symptoms or ST and T wave changes on the electrocardiogram. Using these criteria, the risk of sudden death is minimal and irreversible myocardial damage unlikely. We do not recommend either routine cardiac catheterisation or routine operation at any arbitrary LV Ao gradient. PMID- 7378221 TI - Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction secondary to small intestinal lymphoma. AB - A 71-year-old man developed symptoms and signs of right ventricular outflow obstruction. After angiography, which showed multiple lobulated and well-defined filling defects in the right ventricular outflow tract, endomyocardial biopsy disclosed infiltration of the myocardium by a poorly differentiated malignant neoplasm. At necropsy he was found to have a small intestinal lymphoma. PMID- 7378222 TI - Evidence for a unidirectional retrograde communication between distal His bundle and atria. AB - Intracardiac electrogram recordings are presented suggesting the existence in one patient with recurrent supraventricular tachycardia of a functionally unidirectional retrograde connection between the distal His bundle and the low right atrium. Recordings obtained during junctional rhythm showed a short ventriculoatrial conduction time which did not lengthen during rapid or premature ventricular pacing. During an episode of supraventricular tachycardia induced by a single atrial premature stimulus, an infra-His Wenckebach period occurred during which retrograde ventriculoatrial conduction remained constant until ventricular capture was blocked, but atrial activation persisted with the same retrograde atrial activation sequence seen in the previous beats of supraventricular tachycardia. The findings appear to document participation in supraventricular tachycardia of a type of atrio-His fibre originally described by Brechenmacher. PMID- 7378223 TI - Truncus arteriosus communis with intact ventricular septum. PMID- 7378225 TI - Maternal mortality and anaesthesia. PMID- 7378224 TI - Development of the membranous septum in the human heart. PMID- 7378226 TI - 24-hour Althesin-fentanyl anaesthesia in dogs. Time course of haemodynamic changes. AB - A 24-h anaesthetic using a constant flow infusion of Althesin, fentanyl and pancuronium was given to 10 artificially ventilated dogs. No statistically significant haemodynamic changes occurred during the study, suggesting that the technique may be of value in long-term physiological studies. PMID- 7378227 TI - Effect of biliary excretion on ketamine anaesthesia in the rat. AB - Ligation of the common bile duct in rats resulted in a significant prolongation of ketamine sleeping time and a significant increase of plasma concentration of ketamine and its N-demethylated metabolite, when compared with sham-operated control animals. The treated animals also showed significant increases of plasma bilirubin and glutamate pyruvate transaminase. Cannulation of the common bile duct in rats allowed collection of samples of bile which showed high concentrations of ketamine and its N-demethylated metabolite very shortly after i.p. injection of ketamine, the amount of ketamine alone accounting for 10% of the injected dose after 2 h; including the metabolite up to 25% of the injected dose could be accounted for. In view of this we would suggest that ligation of the bile duct in rats produced a prolongation of ketamine anaesthesia by increasing plasma concentrations through interference with a major excretory route for the drug and its main metabolite. PMID- 7378228 TI - Radial artery cannulation. A prospective study in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. AB - Following 333 radial artery cannulations, the frequency of complete occlusion of the vessel on the day after removal of the annula was 30%, decreasing to 24% by the 8th day. Arterial occlusion was assessed using a modified Allen's test and an ultrasonic flow meter. The frequency correlated with the type and size of cannula used, being least (3%) with 20-gauge Teflon cannulae, with the degree of bruising, and with the sex of the patient, being significantly greater in women (37.5%) than in men (27%). Other variables such as insertion technique, low cardiac output, anticoagulation after operation and the duration of cannulation were assessed. Using multivariate analysis of 13 variables, it did not appear possible to predict with any certainty the outcome of arterial cannulation. The frequency of major complications was small and no permanent sequelae were detected. PMID- 7378229 TI - Dynamic behaviour of the chest and of the abdomen in anaesthetized piglets during rapid insufflation. AB - Three piglets were ventilated with a TVM-ventilator, which releases predetermined volumes of compressed gas into the airways. The inspiratory flow depends on the pressure and volume of the compressed gas and compliance, resistance and inertia of the lungs, thorax and abdomen of the subject. The time for half filling of the chest was less than that of the abdomen and the difference increased with high driving pressure (with high acceleration). The difference was thus most probably a result of greater inertia of the abdomen. Inertia also seemed to influence the emptying of the lungs. This was so slow that increase of FRC--air trapping--was seen at a ventilatory frequency of 30 b.p.m. The practical consequences of these findings are that the abdomen (diaphragm) will take less and less part in ventilation and that a phase lag between chest and abdominal breathing should become larger with increasing ventilatory frequency. FRC will increase in regions with expiratory obstruction and lung rupture may follow. PMID- 7378231 TI - The anaesthetic machine--a study of function and design. AB - A study of the time and motion of the anaesthetists' routine activities was made using conventional equipment. Films of manual and visual movements were studied in detail and the expectations of certain consultant anaesthetists regarding apparatus were recorded. Models of apparatus were used to test their acceptability. A modular system appeared preferable to a work station or to adaptation of present designs. More work and the construction of prototypes are indicated if the anaesthetic machine is to be modernized. PMID- 7378230 TI - Lumbar extradural injection pressures in pregnant women. An investigation of relationships between rate of infection, injection pressures and extent of analgesia. AB - Before the induction of labour in 34 pregnant women 1.5% lignocaine 10 ml was injected into the lumbar extradural space at constant rates between 0.143 and 0.333 ml s-1. Injection pressures and residual pressures were recorded and the extent of analgesia to pinprick was assessed. No significant correlation was found between the rate of injection and injection pressures or residual pressures over the range investigated. Analgesia was significantly more extensive on the side dependent during injections, but there was no significant correlation between the overall extent of analgesia and the rate of injection, injection pressures or residual pressures in the extradural space. It is concluded that there is no advantage from rapid extradural injections. PMID- 7378232 TI - Neuromuscular blockade by neostigmine in anaesthetized man. AB - The tetanic and single twitch responses of the adductor pollicis muscle were used to study the neuromuscular effects of neostigmine in 26 patients anaesthetized with thiopentone and nitrous oxide. Neostigmine 2.5 mg i.v. given 5 min after exposure to halothane antagonized non-depolarizing neuromuscular block, whereas a second dose give 2-5 min later depressed the peak tetanic contraction and re established tetanic fade. In the absence of halothane the second dose of neostigmine had less effect. Recovery of the single twitch was not impaired by the second dose. A single dose of neostigmine 5 mg rapidly antagonized the competitive block of the tetanic response but the subsequent slight depression of the peak contraction and the brief reappearance of fade were less than after 5 mg given in two doses of 2.5 mg. In patients who were not given neuromuscular blocking drugs, one or two injections of neostigmine 2.5 mg caused a substantial reduction in the peak tetanic contraction and severe tetanic fade which persisted for about 20 min; the single twitch was slightly potentiated. The neostigmine block of the tetanic response could be antagonized by gallamine and potentiated by suxamethonium. These findings indicate that neostigmine in clinical doses can produce an acetylcholine-induced block which be a potential hazard in anaesthetic practice. PMID- 7378234 TI - I.V. practolol during microlaryngoscopy. Effect on arterial pressure, heart rate, blood glucose and lipolysis. AB - Twenty-five patients undergoing microlaryngoscopy were anaesthetized with thiopentone and nitrous oxide with suxamethonium as a muscle relaxant. Thirteen received practolol 0.4 mg kg-1 and atropine 1.5 mg i.v. shortly before anaesthesia. During anaesthesia practolol 0.2 mg kg-1 was given. Twelve (control) received atropine 0.5 mg before anaesthesia. Practolol reduced the frequency of tachycardia and arrhythmia. The treatment group had a greater reduction in systolic arterial pressure during induction. The hypertensive response to laryngoscopy was not significantly attenuated by practolol. A weak hyperglycaemic response to microlaryngoscopy was not affected, nor was the plasma concentration of glycerol. PMID- 7378233 TI - Complement-mediated reactions to diazepam with Cremophor as solvent (Stesolid MR). AB - Changes in complement reactions are described in two patients exhibiting adverse reactions to Stesolid MR (diazepam with Cremophor as solvent). The recorded frequency of adverse reactions to Althesin, propandid and Stesolid MR suggests that the common solvent Cremophor is responsible for the adverse reactions. PMID- 7378235 TI - Steroid anaesthesia. PMID- 7378236 TI - Antagonism of ketamine-diazepam anaesthesia by 4-aminopyridine in human volunteers. AB - Five healthy human volunteers were anaesthetized on two separate occasions, 1 week apart, using a standard diazepam-ketamine induction followed by an infusion of ketamine for 1 h. Ten minutes after stopping the infusion, either 4 aminopyridine 0.3 mg kg--1 in saline or the same volume of saline alone was administered i.v. It was concluded that 4-aminopyridine enhanced dramatically the rate of recovery of the subjects to full consciousness and normal motor co ordination when compared with the saline controls. PMID- 7378237 TI - Site of the muscle cell abnormality in swine susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia. AB - In vitro studies, using agents which act specifically on different parts of the muscle contractile mechanism, suggest that the abnormality in malignant hyperpyrexia susceptible (MHS) swine muscle lies distal to the postjunctional membrane, and that it is not a result of widespread acetylcholine receptors throughout the muscle membrane. Two possible sites are involved, one being the sarcolemma and the T-system, the other the excitation-contraction coupling mechanism and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7378238 TI - Response of mhs swine to i.v. infusion of lignocaine and bupivacaine. AB - We report the negative response of MHS swine to i.v. infusion of lignocaine and bupivacaine yielding plasma concentrations which equal or exceed those reported in humans during extradural analgesia. It is concluded that local anaesthetic techniques using the amide-linked local anaesthetics administered in conventional dosage are safe to use in patients known to be genetically susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 7378239 TI - Half-life of angiotensin II in the conscious and barbiturate-anaesthetized rat. AB - The half-life (T 1/2) of angiotensin II was measured in rats with chronic indwelling catheters. In conscious animals T 1/2 was 14.8 +/- 2.5 s; during anaesthesia T 1/2 increased by 60%. Anaesthesia decreased the control arterial pressure, but did not alter the sensitivity to injected angiotensin II. The causes and consequences of this change in angiotensin catabolism are discussed. PMID- 7378240 TI - Artery-to-muscle onset time for neuromuscular blocking drugs. AB - Artery-to-muscle (A-M) onset time for five neuromuscular blocking agents was studied in 50 female patients under light endotracheal anaesthesia. Circulation to the right arm was occluded by a tourniquet and released 1 min after the injection i.v. into the left arm of a myoneural blocking drug. Muscle twitches were recorded in the right hand after stimulation of the ulnar nerve (1 Hz). After releasing the tourniquet the response to single twitches continued without decrease in height (latent onset time). The onset of gradual decreases in twitch height was noted, and the time until 90% depression of twitch height was measured (manifest onset time). The mean latent onset times were: pancuronium 31.9 s, tubocuraine 21 s, alcuronium 17.2 s, fazadinium 8.6 s and suxamethonium 4.8 s. Mean A-M latent onset time was significantly different for each drug (P less than 0.005). Manifest A-M onset times were related to A-M latent onset time except for tubocurarine which exhibited a slower decline in twitch height. A-M latent onset time correlated well with the values for intravenous onset times reported in the literature. PMID- 7378241 TI - Supraclavicular brachial plexus block using a nerve stimulator and an insulated needle. AB - A technique employing a nerve stimulator and an insulated needle was used for supraclavicular brachial plexus block in 71 patients using 0.5% plain bupivacaine 15-20 ml. The mean minimal stimulating current to produce paraesthesia was 0.09 mA. The plexus was identified at a mean depth of 27 mm below the skin. The block was successful in 98% of patients when the stimulation was felt in the index, middle or ring finger, but was often incomplete when felt in the thumb or little finger. PMID- 7378242 TI - Placental transfer and neonatal effects of diazepam when administered to women just before delivery. AB - Diazepam 10 mg i.v. was administered to 23 patients (test group) just before delivery. The umbilical cord blood was analysed for diazepam and the well-being of neonates in the test group and in a suitable control group (n = 32) was compared using analysis of covariance. Diazepam was detected in neonatal blood about 0.5 min following its administration to mothers. No significant differences in neonatal well-being were detected between the two groups. However, a highly significant inverse relationship was found between the rectal temperature of the newborn and the concentration of diazepam in umbilical cord blood. PMID- 7378245 TI - 2-Chloroprocaine combined with bupivacaine. PMID- 7378244 TI - Programmable calculator. PMID- 7378243 TI - An unusual case of Mendelson's syndrome. AB - A patient aspirated soup 36 h after delivery, developed Mendelson's syndrome but survived. She was small and fat and was immobilized in bed for longer than usual because of inadvertent dural puncture; these factors are thought to have predisposed to the accident. PMID- 7378246 TI - Anticholinergic premedication. PMID- 7378247 TI - Assessment of the nasal passages. PMID- 7378248 TI - Long-term effect of lithium on the uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine by human platelets. AB - 1 The content, uptake and storage of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in platelets were determined in eight manic-depressive patients not on lithium (Li); in ten manic depressive patients on Li; and in ten apparently normal persons as controls. 2 Platelets from the patients, whether or not on Li, contained less 5-HT than platelets from normal people. 3 5-HT uptake and storage by platelets from untreated patients were significantly lower than those of control subjects. 4 When patients had been on Li for 3 months or longer the diminished uptake and storage of 5-HT by their platelets were more than fully reversed. 5 Li added to platelet-rich plasma in vitro had no effect on the uptake of 5-HT by platelets. PMID- 7378251 TI - Combination of aminophylline (Phyllocontin Continus tablets) and salbutamol in the management of chronic obstructive airways disease. AB - 1 The effect of a controlled release theophylline derivative (Phyllocontin Continus tablets) and an adrenoceptor agonist (salbutamol) was compared when taken singly and concomitantly in twenty patients with chronic bronchitis and additional reversible airways obstruction using a double-blind crossover technique. 2 The pulmonary function data showed a significant improvement in airways obstruction with an associated reduction in hyperinflation on combination therapy, as compared with either drug taken alone. 3 No significant improvement in patient symptoms occurred on combination therapy as compared with either drug taken alone. 4 A high incidence of side-effects was noted with both Phyllocontin Continus and salbutamol. Combination therapy, however, did not increase the frequency or severity of side-effects seen on either drug alone. 5 Although a proportion of patients showed evidence of intercurrent infection during the nine week trial period, this did not appear to influence the results for the group as a whole. PMID- 7378250 TI - Pharmacological screening of new chemical entities in human subjects and methods of data handling. AB - 1 A system is described for screening new chemical entities in normal human subjects, which is designed to search for novel drug actions at an early stage of drug development. 2 In single (subject) blind experiments, doses are increased incrementally from one subject to next, with immediate feed-back of results from each dose. 3 As many physiological variables as possible are recorded, for which a purpose-designed apparatus system was constructed, and connected to a computer. 4 To overcome problems of inter-subject variability, the need for sensitivity, and to identify drug-related effects from the mass of data generated, a novel data management system was developed, and physiological profiles of volunteer subjects were built up to provide control data. 5 Results from a validation experiment in which isoprenaline was infused intravenously at different rates are presented and discussed. PMID- 7378249 TI - Induction of delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthase in leucocytes of patients on phenytoin therapy--comparison with changes in rat hepatic tissue. AB - 1 In rats daily phenytoin (DPH) administration resulted in an increase in hepatic cytochrome P450 content. The rise in cytochrome P450 was associated with a temporary increase in the acitvity of hepatic delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) synthase. 2 In patients newly commenced on DPH anticonvulsant therapy the activity of ALA synthase in peripheral leucocytes showed a marked temporary increase during the first 10 days of therapy. 3 These findings suggest that DPH induces a haem-requiring eenzyme system in peripheral leucocytes as well as in hepatic tissue. PMID- 7378252 TI - Pharmacokinetics of a sustained-release theophylline formulation. AB - 1 Plasma theophylline concentrations following administration of sustained release (SR) theophylline tablets were determined in ten healthy volunteers using a dose of 190 mg or 380 mg 12 hourly. 2 The plasma theophylline levels during the first 12 h period confirmed the sustained-release formulation characteristics, with the plasma drug concentrations reaching a plateau for the last 6 hours. 3 During the fifth 12 h dosing period the mean maximum and minimum plasma theophylline concentrations were 7.25 and 4.30 microgram/ml after 190 mg SR theophylline 12 hourly (n = 6) and 12.96 and 7.36 microgram/ml after 380 mg 12 hourly (n = 5), although there was marked between-subject variation in plasma theophylline concentrations. 4 One subject withdrew from the study due to side effects, which were more common when the higher dose of SR theophylline was given. PMID- 7378253 TI - The pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide in man with observations in the dog. AB - 1 The pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide have been studied in eight normal male volunteers. 2 The mean plasma beta half-life was 156.7 min after i.v. administration of 10 mg metoclopramide. 3 After oral dosing of 10 mg the mean half-life was 196.6 min and after 20 mg 317.5 min (P less than 0.05). 4 Bioavailability of a 10 mg oral dose of metoclopramide varied between 32 and 97%. 5 A major urinary metabolite was metoclopramide-N-4-sulphate and the amounts of conjugates appearing in urine to 24 h correlated significantly with the bioavailability. 6 In the dog the metabolic fate of metoclopramide is different to man with conjugation being a minor metabolic pathway. The half-life in the dog does not appear to be dose dependent. 7 The wide differences in bioavailability of metoclopramide in man may contribute to the unpredictable occurrence of side effects. PMID- 7378254 TI - Pharmacokinetics of atenolol in patients with terminal renal failure and influence of haemodialysis. AB - 1 The pharmacokinetics of atenolol, after 200 mg orally, were studied in 18 patients with terminal renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance less than 5 ml/min), of whom twelve were being treated by chronic dialysis. 2 The peak plasma level, 1.59 +/- 0.43 mg/l, was reached in 4.7 +/- 2.1 h. 3 Without dialysis treatment, the apparent plasma half-life of atenolol was greatly increased (73.4 +/- 28.8 /). During dialysis, it dropped to 7.5 +/- 3.7 h but returned to 51.2 +/ 17.3 h after dialysis. The plasma atenolol plot was a rising slope for a few hours after the end of dialysis. 4 Renal clearance of atenolol was very low (4.6 +/- 1.5 ml/min). 5 Plasma clearance during dialysis was 42.6 +/- 21.3 ml/min for a mean blood flow-rate of 236 +/- 25 ml/min through a cuprophane membrane dialyser. 6 These results suggest that dosage should be modified for these patients. PMID- 7378256 TI - Blood plasma binding of acebutolol and diacetolol in man. AB - 1 Acebutolol or diacetolol were added to fresh human plasma in varying concentrations and their extent of binding at 25 degrees C measureed by an equilibrium dialysis technique. 2 The extent of binding for both compounds was shown to be very low, being 11-19% for acebutolol and 6-9% for diacetolol. 3 Partition coefficients were measured in an n- octanol/phosphate buffer (0.05M, pH 7.4) solvent system. For a cebutolol, P = 0.62 and for diacetol, P = 0.08. 4 The very low plasma binding is in accord with the hydrophilic partition coefficients of these compounds. PMID- 7378255 TI - Antipyrene clearance in Indian villagers. AB - 1 Antipyrine clearance has been measured using saliva samples in 50 Maharashtrans from a village to the north of Bombay. 2 All subjects were very lean and were also anaemic probably as a result of hookworm infestation. 3 Antipyrine clearance was 36% faster than in White Londoners studied previously and more than twice as fast as in Asian immigrants living in London. 4 Clearance was 25% faster in men than in women but volume of distribution was also greater in men and mean half lives did not differ significantly between the sexes. 5 There was a negative correlation between antipyrine clearance and haemoglobin concentration. 6 The study has identified geographic differences in antipyrine metabolism which could be clinically important. The role of anaemia merits further study. PMID- 7378257 TI - Roles of hepatic blood flow and enzyme activity in the kinetics of propranolol and sotalol. AB - 1 The roles of the hepatic blood flow and the drug oxidizing enzyme system in eliminating oral propranolol and sotalol were studied in twelve subjects with biopsy proven liver parenchymal disease. 2 The apparent plasma clearance of propranolol was closely related both to the in vivo (antipyrine test) and in vitro (cytochrome P-450) indices of the activity of the hepatic mixed function oxidase system. 3 Propranolol clearance had also a clear relationship to the estimated liver blood flow. Altered flow was, however, suggested to be a minor factor when compared with changes in the enzyme system. 4 The elimination rate of sotalol had no correlation to the indices of hepatic drug metabolism or to the estimated liver blood flow. 5 It is concluded that both the deteriorated sinusoidal perfusion and the decreased mass of drug metabolizing enzymes may be responsible for the impaired elimination of oral propranolol in subjects with parenchymal liver disease. PMID- 7378258 TI - Effect of quinidine on plasma concentration and renal clearance of digoxin. A clinically important drug interaction. AB - 1 Thirty patients on maintenance digoxin therapy and admitted for cardioversion of atrial fibrillation were closely monitored with regard to plasma levels of digoxin and quinidine. 2 Seventeen of these patients were kept on maintenance digoxin therapy. After an initial lag period of 6 to 18 h after the addition of quinidine their digoxin levels started to increase and had increased by between 20 and 330% after 3 days on quinidine. Side-effects attributed to the raised digoxin concentration occurred in 6 of these patients. 3 As studied in 5 of these 17 patients the renal clearance of digoxin decreased markedly when quinidine was added to the therapy. There was also a slight but significant reduction in creatinine clearance (n = 4). 4 In 13 patients digoxin was discontinued 36 h prior to the first quinidine dose. Also in these patients digoxin plasma levels increased significantly. 5 It is concluded that quinidine causes an unpredictably large increase in plasma digoxin and that this effect is probably at least initially to a large part due to a redistribution of digoxin in the body. The relative contributions of re-distribution and impaired renal clearance of digoxin to the increase in digoxin steady-state levels are presently unknown. 6 It is recommended that close monitoring of digoxin concentration and appropriate reduction of the maintenance dose is undertaken when quinidine is to be given to patients on digitalis therapy. PMID- 7378259 TI - Accumulation of debrisoquine by platelets in vivo: a model of events at the peripheral adrenergic neurone. PMID- 7378260 TI - Drug resistance, inappropriate dosing and non-compliance in hypertensive patients. AB - 1 From an understanding of the biological fate and hypotensive effect of debrisoquine (D) we have assessed the relative importance of true drug resistance, inappropriately low dosage and non-compliance as causes of apparent resistance to treatment with this drug. 2 Among 37 hypertensive patients prescribed D, eleven (30%) were non-compliant on the day of testing. 3 Non compliance was found in 64% of patients with poor blood pressure control but only 15% of patients with intermediate and good blood pressure control (P less than 0.02). 4 Five patients received doses which were too low for pharmacological effect while in a further five an increase in dose may have improved blood pressure control. 5 Resistance to D was uncommon indicating that non-compliance and inadequate dosing are the major causes of apparent resistance to treatment with this compound. PMID- 7378262 TI - The effect of age and thioridazine on the in vitro binding of fluphenazine to normal human serum. PMID- 7378261 TI - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) increase rat brain aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity. PMID- 7378263 TI - Effect of food on the bioavailability of labetalol. PMID- 7378265 TI - Bladder function after surgery for stress incontinence. PMID- 7378264 TI - Increased plasma propranolol binding in myocardial infarction. PMID- 7378267 TI - Atypical presentation of a case of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7378266 TI - Christmas disease (clotting factor IX deficiency) and the presentation of a carcinoid tumour in an inguinal hernia. PMID- 7378268 TI - Cholecysto-hepatico-dochal fistula. PMID- 7378269 TI - Causal perceptions of success and failure by advantaged, integrated and disadvantaged pupils. PMID- 7378270 TI - The Infant Rating Scale. PMID- 7378271 TI - Hypereosinophilia in rats with Trichinella spiralis infections. PMID- 7378273 TI - Caisson disease of bone: a study of the Gottingen mini-pig as an animal model. AB - Investigation of the exact aetiology, early diagnosis and prevention of caisson disease of bone has been hindered by the inability to produce, by the use of realistic compression/decompression exposures, truly comparable lesions in animals. Four Gottingen mini-pigs were subjected to repeated exposures to pressures of 27 p.s.i.g. for 6 h over a period of 9 months and decompressed according to standard tables. Two mini-pigs acted as controls. In one animal radiological changes were recognised in the left lower femoral shaft 19 weeks after the exposures were started and subsequent examination of that bone confirmed the presence, at that site, of a lesion which macroscopically and microscopically resembled, in every way, the appearances of those seen in the shafts of long bones in man. It is concluded therefore that, properly used, the mini-pig may be a suitable animal model for the study of this condition in man. PMID- 7378272 TI - Effects of monocytopenia and anticoagulation in experimental Streptococcus sanguis endocarditis. AB - The role of blood monocytes in the attachment of streptococci to endocardial vegetations was investigated in an experimental Streptococcus sanguis endocarditis by depletion of blood monocytes with the cytostatic drug VP 16-213 alone and combined with anticoagulant treatment with warfarin sodium. The numbers of streptococci in the vegetations of control, monocytopenic, and monocytopenic/anticoagulated rabbits were comparable. In the vegetations streptococci were found mainly in areas free of phagocytic cells. It is concluded that streptococci do not have to be phagocytosed by monocytes in the circulation before being deposited on the surface of endocardial vegetations. Even the vegetations of intensively anticoagulated/monocytopenic rabbits showed colonies of streptococci embedded in polymerized fibrin and cellular material, this matrix possibly being held together by streptococcal dextran. PMID- 7378274 TI - Effects of chrysotile asbestos on mononuclear cells in vitro. AB - Chrysotile asbestos (400 micrograms/ml) was not found to be cytotoxic towards human blood lymphocytes in culture over a 72 h period, although there was indirect evidence of cytoxicity towards plastic adherent mononuclear cells (PAM). There was significant suppression of 3H-thymidine incorporation into cells cultured with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in the presence of fibres. It was found even when chrysotile was added 24 h after PHA. No suppression was found for chrysotile-treated PAM-depleted cultures in comparison to control cultures. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicty (ADCC) was inhibited by the presence of chrysotile, and appeared to be due to prevention of contact between antibody coated target cells and effector cells. PMID- 7378275 TI - Studies on the mechanism of shock. Central serotoninergic neuron activity after trauma in the rat. AB - An attempt has been made to assess the effect of injury (limb ischaemia, scald) on the central serotoninergic system of the rat by studying the effect of these injuries on the tryptophan concentration, the tryptophan hydroxylase activity and the metabolism of serotonin in the hypothalamus, mid-brain and hind-brain. The effects of a serotonin uptake inhibitor and an antagonist on the survival time and mortality rate after limb ischaemia have been examined as well as the effects of central lesions produced by the injection of 5.6- and 5.7-dihydroxytryptamine into a lateral cerebral ventricle and the i.p. injection of (+/-)-4 chloroamphetamine. A few changes indicative of increased activity in the central serotoninergic system were found--an increase in tryptophan hydroxylase activity after 4 h bilateral hind-limb ischaemia, better survival of fed rats pre-treated with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine--but for the most part the changes were not as great as those produced by starving or exposure to cold. Hence the effect of trauma on this system seems small. PMID- 7378276 TI - Pathophysiological classification of Raynaud's phenomenon. AB - The main types of underlying mechanism in Raynaud's phenomenon were tested separately in thirty-six patients. Within each of three groups of patients who were clinically classified according to strict definitions as having primary Raynaud's disease, systemic sclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis, there was pathophysiological heterogeneity. It is therefore suggested that in studies of treatment, at least when it is aimed primarily at one pathophysiological mechanism, the patients whould be selected according to the mechanism rather than what is commonly done now, according to the associated disorder. PMID- 7378279 TI - Lysosome destruction and lipoperoxide formation due to active oxygen generated from haematoporphyrin and UV irradiation. AB - The lysosomal enzymes, acid-phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, were released from rat liver lysosome when exposed to 400 nm irradiation in the presence of haematoporphyrin, and the release was prevented by adding vitamin E, diazabicyclo octane, bovine serum albumin, superoxide dismutase or D-mannitol to the reaction mixture. Monochromatic irradiation with wavelengths from 380 to 410 nm caused no significant differences in the release of lysosomal enzymes, but 420 nm irradiation caused three-fifths of that of 400 nm irradiation. The malondialdehyde level in rat liver homogenate increased after 400 nm irradiation in the presence of haematoporphyrin. Reduction of nitroblue-tetrazolium was not observed when haematoporphyrin was excited by 400 nm; it was considered that superoxide anion radical (O2--) was not primarily generated. The following mechanism was assumed: that porphyrin which had been excited by 400 nm, converted ground-state molecular oxygen (3O2) to excited singlet oxygen (1O2), which formed lipid peroxides in lysosomal membrane resulting in destruction of the membrane; skin changes would occur from these released lysosomal enzymes. PMID- 7378280 TI - Psychiatric aspects of dermatitis artefacta. AB - Fifty patients with dermatitis artefacta were investigated psychiatrically over several years and twenty-sic of these were seen independently by a clinical psychologist. The psychological investigations suggest a personality structure characterized by inward-looking self-centered attitudes leading to increasing isolation. The psychiatric investigations suggest a background of emotional disturbances during the formative years and in later life often resulting in feelings of isolation and insecutity. The onset of dermatitis artefacta is very frequently related to definable precipitating events which vary according to age and life situations. The visible skin lesions can be understood as an attempt at non-verbal communication subserving an appeal function. Therapeutic methods and prognosis are discussed in some detail. PMID- 7378277 TI - Myelofibrosis with skin lesions. AB - An elderly male patient with primary myelofibrosis developed many papules on the trunk and later numerous subcutaneous nodules on the face. Histologically these lesions showed the features of extra-medullary haematopoiesis consisting of all the three components, i.e. myeloid, erythroid and megakaryocytic elements, findings never reported in the skin. PMID- 7378278 TI - Contact allergy to 8-methyxypsoralen. AB - A 20-year-old male patient was treated topically with 8-methoxypsoralen and long wave ultraviolet light (UV-A) for alopecia areata. He developed contact allergy to 8-methoxypsoralen after the sixth treatment (day 17), which was verified by patch testing and histopathology. PMID- 7378281 TI - Neutrophil dysfunction and repeated infections: influence of levamisole and ascorbic acid. AB - Neutrophil function was studied in several patients with recurrent infections, mainly of the skin. Twelve patients showed impairment of neutrophil functions, either chemotaxis or bacterial killing and phagocytosis. Levamisole was given in four cases: improvement of neutrophil function and long-lasting clinical remission occurred in three of them, whilst in the fourth the drug was not tolerated. Ascorbic acid was administered to three other patients, with satisfactory improvement of neutrophil function and long-lasting clinical remission. PMID- 7378282 TI - A technique for studying the structural detail of isolated human corneocytes. AB - A technique for the isolation of human stratum corneum cells from any depth within the horny layer is described. Examination of the cells by light, scanning and transmission electron microscope permits a detailed morphological profile of the plasma membrane to be constructed. It is suggested that the technique will be of particular value in determining the effect of chemical agents on the cellular components of the horny layer. PMID- 7378283 TI - Blood flow changes with naftidrofuryl in systemic sclerosis and Raynaud's phenomenon. AB - Blood flow was measured in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, systemic sclerosis and in normal controls by venous occusion plethysmography on the forearm and calf, and changes in blood flow in the finger were followed by calorimetry. Intravenous naftidrofuryl oxalate (praxilene) improved blood flow to the skin of the finger as measured calorimetrically in seven of sixteen patients with Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis. The drug markedly reduced blood flow in the finger in all ten normal control subjects. However, naftidrofuryl increased blood flow as measured by venous occlusion plethysmography in the leg both of normal subjects and of those with Raynaud's phenomenon. In addition to these findings, no significant change in blood flow in response to the drug was observed in the forearm. The reasons for these regional differences are discussed and considered to be due to redistributuion of blood flow as a result of differences in pharmacological receptor activity in different parts of the body and possible also due to effects of central control. PMID- 7378284 TI - The experimental production of high-level intraepidermal splits. AB - The effects of trypsin at 37 degrees C and 4 degrees C on adhesion between keratinocytes in normal human epidermis were assessed by light and electron microscopy. The results provide evidence for the contribution of both extracellular and intracellular factors to keratinocyte adhesion and for changes in the nature of adhesion in the granular layer. Trypsinization at 4 degrees C produced a high-level intraepidermal split identical in location and intercellular route to that observed in the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. PMID- 7378285 TI - The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: an analysis of the structure of the collagen fibres of the skin. AB - The structure of the collagen fibres of the skin in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (ED-S) was studied in eight patients with ED-S Type I, three patients with ED-S Type II and three patients with the X-linked Type V. The results show that the reducible cross-links are present and undergo the same maturation process to non reducible cross-links as in normal skin. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a normal ultrastructure of the collagen fibrils. At a higher morphological level of organization scanning electron microscopy demonstrated progressive increase in fibre bundle disorder from the X-linked to mitis, to gravis, in which the fibres making up the large fibre bundles demonstrated a considerable inability to aggregate. PMID- 7378286 TI - Two cases of junctional epidermolysis bullosa (Herlitz-Pearson). AB - Clinical details of one surviving and one fatal case of junctional epidermolysis bullosa, previously termed epidermolysis bullosa letalis-Herlitz, are reported and factors affecting prognosis are discussed. PMID- 7378287 TI - Polymorphonuclear (PMN) function after small intestinal shunt operation for morbid obesity. AB - The possible influence on blood polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocyte functions of the small intestinal shunt operation for obesity was studied in 10 massively overweight patients. They were investigated prior to operation and for 9 months afterwards, when they had lost an average of 32 kg body weight. Preoperatively they showed reduced PMN bactericidal capacity and increased PMN adherence compared with controls of normal weight. During the first 2--4 months postoperatively all patients displayed a gradually increasing bactericidal capacity, which then reached levels similar to the controls and remained so for the rest of the follow-up period. This enhancement was more easily assessed by a new in vitro assay in which each PMN was provided with 30--40 bacteria, than by a standard assay using 2--4 bacteria per granulocyte. PMN adherence decreased during the first postoperative months and then returned to preoperative levels. The changes in PMN functions were not statistically related either to each other or to the continuous loss of body wieght. Thus, impairment of PMN killing function occurring in extremely obese patients became normalized after small bowel shunt operation, while the high adherence remained unchanged. PMID- 7378288 TI - Heparin and partial thromboplastin time: an international survey. AB - The reliability of routine partial thromboplastin time (PTT) methods in the measurement of the anticoagulant effect of heparin has been assessed in a study involving over 300 hospitals in the U.S. and overseas. Commercial PTT methods were relatively insensitive to heparin, added in vitro, compared with the standardized PTT method tested by the same laboratories. Non-commercial, locally prepared reagents compared well with the standardized method particularly in the detection of a low concentration of heparin. The value of a sensitive reference preparation for the calibration of routine PTT reagents used in heparin control is demonstrated. PMID- 7378289 TI - Plasma thymidine kinase in megaloblastic anaemia. PMID- 7378290 TI - Congenital erythrocytosis: a new form associated with an erythropoietin-dependent mechanism. AB - Three patients with probable congenital erythrocytosis were studied to determine the role of erythropoietin (ESF) in their disease. In addition, haemoglobin function was measured and ESF excretion determined in response to reduction in the haemoglobin concentration. In two cases ESF excretion was clearly elevated above normal, and in the third excretion was normal even at an elevated PCV. In all, phlebotomy of 15--20% of the blood volume led tomore than doubling in ESF excretion. This occurred in the presence of normal molecular haemoglobin function. Studies of the renal vasculature were normal. These results suggest a new form of congenital erythrocytosis associated with increased ESF production which is reciprocally related to the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, but in the absence of any demonstrable abnormality in oxygen transport. These findings suggest an inherited defect, likely residing in the renal sensor responsible for the production of ESF. This defect is possible due to impaired recognition of available oxygen or else a decrease in oxygen supply at the subcellular level. PMID- 7378291 TI - Isozymes of amino acid naphthylamidase in human haematopoietic cell lines. AB - The occurrence of isozymes of the proteolytic enzyme amino acid naphthylamidase was investigated in a panel of 44 neoplastic and non-neoplastic haematopoietic cell lines by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two isozymes (A and C) were common for all lines, whereas different forms of a third isozyme with intermediate electrophoretic mobility (B) appeared in nine lines. Isozyme A seemed to be associated with cell proliferation and was not a marker for malignancy. The appearance of different B isozymes not present in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, occurred in some Burkitt lymphoma lines and in two non-malignant lines maintained for a long time in culture. In three lines derived from myeloid leukaemia a variant of isozyme B seemed to be a marker for cell origin. PMID- 7378292 TI - Myeloid and erythroid colony growth in non-anaemic patients with Fanconi's anaemia. AB - Myeloid and erythroid colony growth of the bone marrow and peripheral blood cells from one anaemic and four non-anaemic patients with Fanconi's anaemia were studied. Markedly decreased myeloid and erythroid colony growth was found in all five patients regardless of their haematological status. The decreased colony formation in non-anaemic patients with Fanconi's anaemia is thought to be due to an intrinsic cellular defect. PMID- 7378293 TI - In vitro DNA synthesis by bone marrow cells and PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. Suppression by nonradioactive thymidine of the incorporation of 3H-deoxyuridine into DNA: enhancement of incorporation when inadequate vitamin B12 or folate is corrected. AB - Previous studies demonstrated that excess deoxyuridine (dU) added to short-term bone marrow and PHA-stimulated lymphocyte cultures, blocks the incorporation of radioactive thymidine into DNA via the salvage pathway. In the current study, we investigated the effects of added thymidine (TdR) in varying concentrations (10( 6) to 1 mumol) on the incorporation of 3H-dU into thymine-DNA, i.e. we executed 'thymidine suppression tests.' Increasing concentrations of exogenous TdR caused progressive inhibition of 3H-dU incorporation into DNA, and decreasing 3H-dU incorporation was parallelled by increasing incorporation of added 14C-TdR. These findings demonstrate reciprocity of the salvage and the de novo pathways of thymine-DNA synthesis, presumably mediated by thymidine-triphosphate (dTTP), the common end product of both pathways, via feedback inhibition. In patients with folate and/or vitamin B12 deficiency, the addition of appropriate vitamins to marrow and lymphocyte cultures enhanced the incorporation of 3H-dU into DNA. As predicted, this was not observed in normal subjects. The enhancing effect of these vitamins on in vitro incorporation of 3H-dU into DNA by deficient cell systems was similar to their correcting effect on abnormal dU suppression. These findings support the theoretical concept that the dU suppression test defines biochemical megaloblastosis due to deficiency of folate and vitamin B12. PMID- 7378295 TI - Cellular mechanisms in the regulation of iron absorption by the human intestine: studies in patients with iron deficiency before and after treatment. AB - An in vitro method for measuring initial rates of iron uptake by mucosal biopsies of human duodenum was used to study control mechanisms for iron absorption. Within the physiological range of intraluminal concentrations (18--450 mumol/l) iron influx has many features of active, carrier-mediated transport. In biopsies form six patients with iron deficiency anaemia, uptake rates were increased 2--3 fold at the higher concentrations, when compared with normal controls (P less than 0.01) and overall were related inversely to serum transferrin saturation. Uptake was examined in four anaemic patients before and after therapy: the enhanced uptake fell to normal after repletion with iron, but was not reduced in two patients treated initially by red cell transfusion alone. Total mucosal iron in the anaemic patients was significantly lower at 58+/-7 nmol/mg protein, compared with 129+/-25 nmol/mg in normal subjects (P less than 0.05). In the serial studies, iron therapy for 6 weeks corrected the anaemia but did not restore mucosal iron levels to normal, even though uptake had fallen to control values. The experiments indicate that iron deficiency reversibly induces brush border iron carriers, and suggest that in man initial entry into the enterocyte rather than cellular retention of iron is a major regulatory step in the control of iron absorption. PMID- 7378294 TI - Serum inhibitors of myelopoiesis. AB - A modification of the microcytotoxicity assay of Terasaki & McClelland was used to screen for serum inhibitors of myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-C). Sera from 104 patients with neutropenia or bone marrow failure and from 104 controls, including 30 normal subjects and 74 patients with various disorders or multiple transfusions, were studied. Inhibitors of CFU-C were found in 19 of the 104 patients with neutropenia or marrow failure: three with acquited neutropenia and 16 with aplastic anaemia. In 17 of the 19 patients the inhibitor was either complement dependent or chavincingly associated with clinical remission of disease in one patient. In another patient, the inhibitor was an IgG antibody directed against non-HL1 antigens present on CFU-C of all 50 normal target marrows tested; however, it was not clearly autoreactive. Inhibitors were also found in one of nine patients with lupus erythematosus, one with breast carcinoma, one patient with renal transplant rejection, and six of 46 multiply transfused patients without marrow failure. Our findings indicate that most serum inhibitors are associated with multiple transfusion: convincing evidence of pathogenetically important autoreactive antibody was present in only one of 19 patients with inhibitors. PMID- 7378297 TI - Polycythaemia vera: in vitro studies of circulating erythroid progenitors. PMID- 7378296 TI - Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and lipid peroxidation of normal and sickled erythrocytes. AB - Sickled erythrocytes showed reduced glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in comparison to normal erythrocytes. In addition, increased levels of superoxide dismutase and 'peroxidation potential' as well as fluorescent lipid pigments and malonaldehyde suggestive of membrane lipid peroxidation were found in sickled erythrocytes. Finally, sickled erythrocytes showed membrane 'bound' Heinz bodies as well as reduced membrane lipids and unsaturated fatty acids. From these observations, it is suggested that membrane lipid peroxidation occurs in sickled cells. PMID- 7378299 TI - Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA) with severe gout, rare Kell phenotype and erythrocyte, granulocyte and platelet membrane reduplication: a new variant of CDA type II. AB - A 43-year-old man with lifelong anaemia showed features which indicate him to have a previously undescribed variant of congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA), type II. The main clinical features--of which the first two are unique or very unusual in CDA--have been severe tophaceous gout, massive splenomegaly, gall stones mecessitating cholecystectomy and haemosiderosis affecting the liver and probably the heart. At age 41 he sustained a spontaneous retinal detachment. In the peripheral blood there were large numbers of nucleated red blood cells and marked macrocytosis; otherwise the picture was typical of CDA type II. The bone marrow contained many bi- and multi-nucleated erythrocyte precursors. There were increased levels of a number of red cell enzymes and a slightly raised level of HbF. Uncharacteristically, the red cells failed to lyse with acidified normal serum. The cells were strongly agglutinated by anti-i and were of the rare Kpb negative phenotype. Plasma lipid analysis showed very low levels of cholesterol and vitamin E. Lipid peroxidation was markedly increased. Ultrastructural studies showed reduplication of the erythrocyte, granulocyte, and platelet cell membranes. PMID- 7378298 TI - Globin chain biosynthesis in iron deficiency. AB - Globin chain synthesis was studied in seven severely iron-deficient patients before and after treatment with iron. There was no appreciable difference between the individual pre- and post-treatment alpha/beta specific activity ratios and the mean alpha/beta ratio for each group was 1.00+/-SD 0.04. In a further six untreated iron-deficient patients the mean alpha/beta ratio was 1.00+/-SD 0.04. There was therefore no evidence that iron deficiency caused a reduction in alpha/beta ratio. Three patients with beta thalassaemia trait and coexistent iron deficiency had lower alpha/beta ratios before treatment than after treatment with iron. It appeared that iron deficiency had caused reduced alpha chain synthesis in this group. Preliminary experiments have shown that the alpha/beta specific activity ratio of purified haemoglobin A is decreased in iron deficiency, indicating an increase in the size of the free alpha chain pool. It is suggested that iron deficiency may interfere with the proteolytic mechanism normally responsible for the destruction of excess alpha chains. In combined iron deficiency and beta thalassaemia trait, the resulting increase in free alpha chains might act by negative feedback to inhibit further alpha chain synthesis (Blum et al, 1970) thereby reducing the pre-treatment alpha/beta ratio. PMID- 7378300 TI - The effects of surgical trauma on human granulopoiesis. AB - Marked changes in the concentration and proliferative state of circulating granulocytic progenitor cells (colony forming units in culture; CFUc) were observed in female patients following surgical trauma. Within one day of an abdominal hysterectomy there was an abrupt fall in the number of blood CFUc to between 10% and 20% of normal and an increase in the proportion synthesizing DNA which coincided with the maximum neutrophilia. Subsequently, as the neutrophil count declined, the CFUc concentration increased to supranormal values and the proliferative response persisted, both parameters returning to normal 2 weeks after surgery. These results suggest that, following surgical trauma, the increased demand for neutrophils is rapidly met by increased CFUc proliferation. PMID- 7378301 TI - Rapid separation of cytosol and particle fraction of human platelets by digitonin induced cell damage. AB - Current cell disruption and fractionation techniques are time consuming and unsuitable for metabolic studies. We have developed a rapid method for platelets in which separation of cytosol and particle fraction is obtained within 50 s. Isolated platelet suspensions were incubated with low concentrations of digitonin followed by separation of soluble and particle fraction by centrifugation through a phthalate layer. Cell disruption was 90.1+/-4.2% (mean+/-SD, n=18; lactate dehydrogenase leakage). Contamination of granules: acid hydrolase vesicles 16.2+/ 3.6% (n=18, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase), dense granules 7--9% (n=3, 14C serotonin), mitochondrial matrix 0.6+/-0.1% (n=18, glutamate dehydrogenase). Low concentrations of digitonin did not affect sialic acid content, nucleoside diphosphate kinase and phosphodiesterase activity in isolated membranes. The method showed that most enzymes of glycolysis and hexose monophosphate shunt were localized in the cytosol except for hexokinase (96% particle bound), phosphoglucose isomerase (10% bound) and glutathion reductase (26% bound). About half the total ATP+ADP and most glycolytic intermediates were found partly particle bound, especially fructose 1,6-diphosphate (40% bound). The data suggest that in platelets glycolysis occurs in different cell compartments. PMID- 7378302 TI - An agarose plate method for detecting alloantisera to coagulant factor IX and factor IX antigen. AB - An agarose plate method for detecting human alloantibodies (inhibitors) to coagulant factor IX has been developed. The assay is based on the ability of such antisera to inhibit the coagulation of a mixture of haemophilia B plasma, normal plasma and platelet subsitute in an agarose matrix. The agarose plate method was also adopted to measure levels of FIX antigen (IX:Ag) in plasma. Using this technique, 12 of 17 obligate carriers of haemophilia B demonstrated reduced levels of IX:Ag. Three of the five carriers with normal IX:Ag levels were members of kindred in which affected individuals had normal or near normal levels of IX:Ag. PMID- 7378303 TI - Familial haemostatic defect associated with reduced prothrombin consumption. AB - Ten individuals from three unrelated families suffered from an usual inherited haemorrhagic disorder. The defect was associated with reduced prothrombin conversion as shown by a grossly abnormal prothrombin consumption index. All known plasma coagulation factors were present in adequate concentrations but in the two families tested the results were consistent with a defect of the interaction between plasma and platelets or phospholipid. Some of the affected family members exhibited a mild bleeding tendency characterized by post-operative or post-partum haemorrhage but none suffered spontaneous bleeding. In therapeutic trials in one of the patients both plasma and platelet transfusions were needed in order to correct the abnormality. This finding together with in vitro and other in vivo studies indicated that the abnormality is associated with an inhibitor of the interaction between plasma and phospholipid during blood coagulation. The results suggest the possibility of an abnormality of the gamma carboxyglutamic acid residues of one or more vitamin K dependent coagulation factors but immunological and electrophoretic studies have so far failed to detect this. The findings underline the importance of a test of prothrombin conversion in screening procedures for an otherwise unexplained bleeding disorder. PMID- 7378304 TI - The decision to perform staging laparotomy in symptomatic Hodgin's disease. AB - This study defines patients with symptomatic Hodgkin's disease for whom risks of staging laparotomy (LAP) outweigh benefits conferred by accurate knowledge of stage. From a database of more than 900 pathologically-staged patients, probabilities of pathological stage are calculated for combinations of basic findings and lymphangiogram results. Decision-making thresholds are defined at which results of treatment after LAP, taking operative mortality into account, are equivalent to immediate treatment appropriate to clinical stage. These thresholds are substantially altered by varying LAP mortality estimates, by assigning a false negative rate to LAP, and by considering uncertainty in treatment results. Fifty-four combinations of findings are described for which immediate therapy with MOPP is justified; total nodal irradiation (TNI) is never indicated in B patients without prior LAP staging. Analysing 94 B patients who had LAP showed an appreciable number might have been spared this, particularly when uncertainty in treatment results is considered. With 0.03 (=3%) uncertainty in treatment, and 1% LAP mortality, LAP was not indicated in one in seven patients; nearly one third of patients should have immediate treatment with 3% LAP mortality. Threshold analysis can define those patients for whom risks of LAP outweigh benefits. PMID- 7378305 TI - Lymphocyte density distribution profile and spontaneous transformation related to the stage of Hodgkin's disease. AB - Density distribution profiles of peripheral lymphocytes were made in 41 untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease and in 14 normal controls. The fraction of lymphocytes with a low specific gravity in patients was significantly increased in comparison to normal controls (P=0.0007). These low density lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease patients showed an elevated spontaneous 3H-thymidine incorporation compared to normal controls (P less than 0.0001). In 78% of the patients the spontaneous DNA synthesis of the low density lymphocytes was above the normal range. A positive correlation (P=0.002) was found between the spontaneous 3H-thymidine uptake and the stage of the disease. PMID- 7378306 TI - Cytogenetic follow-up study of acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - A cytogenetic study was made at diagnosis in 68 patients with acute non lymphocytic leukaemia. The median survival time of the group of patients was 47 weeks. Patients with totally abnormal karyotypes in the bone marrow had a median survival of 14 weeks, whereas for those with only chromosomally normal cells the median survival was 52 weeks, and 47 weeks for those with normal and abnormal cells. Survival was not influenced by the presence or absence of clonal abnormalities. A cytogenetic follow-up study was made on 41 of these patients. One of the three patients, still in first remission after 3 years, originally had an 8;21 translocation. In general, the abnormalities present at diagnosis disappeared during remission and there was no evidence that clones of abnormal cells were produced by treatment. The chromosomal findings in relapse were not necessarily the same as those seen at diagnosis and the abnormal karyotypes found were usually not clonal in type. A simple kinetic technique, in which the yield of mitoses after 2 and 24 h is compared, may be used as an adjunct to cytogenetic studies in predicting relapse. PMID- 7378307 TI - Glutamic pyruvate transaminase phenotypes in polycythaemia rubra vera. AB - Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) has been studied in the red cells of 46 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV). The red cells of many of the patients showed low levels of enzyme activity. This activity could be restored by in vitro incubation with pyridoxal phosphate suggesting that the effect was due to low levels of B6 rather than to a primary abnormality of the GPT. Patients with the lowest levels of GPT activity were likely to have clonal chromosomal abnormalities in the bone marrow cells, particularly 20q-. Among 43 patients in whom the GPT phenotypes could be determined by an electrophoretic method there was a marked deficiency of heterozygotes. This disturbance in phenotypic expression may be related to the clonal nature of the disease in PRV, the clone showing lack of response to homeostatic controls and irregularities of gene expression. PMID- 7378308 TI - Unequal alpha and beta globin mRNA in reticulocytes of normal and mutant f/f fetal mice. AB - Messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated from adult as well as normal and mutant f/f fetal mouse reticulocytes by poly-U affinity chromatography. mRNA from normal adult reticulocytes directed equal synthesis of alpha and beta globin chains in wheat germ cell free translational system. mRNA from either normal or mutant f/f fetal reticulocytes directed 40% more alpha globin synthesis than beta globin synthesis. These observations are suggestive that there is significantly more alpha mRNA than beta mRNA in normal and mutant f/f fetal mouse reticulocytes. PMID- 7378309 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of beta thalassaemia by fetal red cell enrichment with NH4-Cl NH4HCO3 differential lysis of maternal cells. AB - Prenatal diagnosis with globin chain synthesis analysis on fetal red blood cells concentrated by NH4Cl-NH4HCO3 differential lysis of maternal cells (Orskov lysis) was carried out in 27 pregnancies at risk for beta thalassaemia and one at risk for sickle cell beta0 thalassaemia. The beta/gamma globin chain synthesis ratio was also determined after anti-i-differential agglutination (12 cases), in almost pure fetal samples (sic cases) and by extrapolation (one case). Differential lysis permitted the study of samples drawn by placental aspiration containing as little as 3.2% fetal red blood cells. There was no consistent difference between the beta/gamma ratios observed after differentail lysis and those determined after the use of the other approaches. A presumptive diagnosis of homozygous beta thalassaemia was made in nine cases. All but one of these pregnancies was terminated. The absence of beta chain synthesis was confirmed by the study of fetal blood after abortion in four cases with suitable samples. Of the remaining pregnancies, six proceeded to term and non-homozygous infants were delivered. The others are still in progress. No fetal loss occurred. Orskov lysis seems to be a very reliable method for prenatal diagnosis of beta chain abnormalities. Moreover it can minimize the number and duration of placental aspirations required and thus the risk to the fetus. PMID- 7378311 TI - The structure of soluble fibrin complexes and fibrin degradation products after Echis carinatus bite. AB - Studies on the concentration and structure of fibrinogen, fibrinogen-fibrin soluble complexes, and fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products were made on 11 patients in Nigeria who suffered defibrination following Echis carinatus bite. Following admission, before treatment with antivenom, all patients had reduced or zero fibrinogen levels, and increased concentrations of soluble complexes and degradation products. The fibrin component of the soluble complexes, separated by fibrinogen-sepharose chromatography, consisted of both intact fibrin and fibrin degraded at the alpha-chain. After isolation by Biogel chromatography the soluble complexes were also found to contain gamma-dimer chains. The fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products consisted of several X species, Y, D and D-dimer, as well as fragment E. The major fragment in all patients was D, but a few samples contained significant quantities of D-dimer, indicating in vivo activation of factor XIII. There was evidence of degraded fibrinogen, as well as fibrin, in the soluble complexes and degradation products, suggesting that fibrinogenolysis, in addition to fibrinolysis, had occurred, probably as a result of secondary endogenous activation of the fibrinolytic system in response to defibrination. PMID- 7378310 TI - Characterization of a variant prothrombin in a patient congenitally deficient in factors II, VII, IX and X. AB - An 18-month-old child, who had no evidence of liver disease, malabsorption, or chronic ingestion of coumarin compounds, was found to have plasma deficiencies of factors II, VII, IX and X. Assays for factor II and X by immunological techniques (antibody neutralization and immunoelectrophoresis) revealed normal or elevated antigenic activity of these factors, suggesting the presence of abnormal protein variants in the patient's plasma. On two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis of the patient's plasma in calcium, a normal and an abnormal population of prothrombin were seen. The abnormal prothrombin had a mobility more anodal than that of normal prothrombin, but less anodal than that of acarboxyprothrombin. The abnormal prothrombin, in contrast to acarboxyprothrombin, adsorbed readily to both aluminum hydroxide and barium citrate, and could be identified by two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis of a barium citrate eluate. We suspect that the abnormal variant represents a partially carboxylated prothrombin. PMID- 7378314 TI - Megaloblastic anaemia and neutrophil hypersegmentation. PMID- 7378312 TI - The British Comparative Thromboplastin: the relationship between lipid class composition and procoagulant activity. AB - Twenty-eight consecutive batches of the reference reagent British Comparative Thromboplastin (BCT) were produced in the National (UK) Reference Laboratory for Anticoagulant Reagents and Control (NRLARC) between 1969 and 1977. The relationship between procoagulant activity and lipid class composition in these batches at various stages of age deterioration on storage has been studied by a modification of the method of high pressure chromatography which allows better definition of the individual lipids. The free fatty acid concentration rose markedly while cconcentrations of phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine were reduced. An oxidative process is suggested and supported by the increase in malonaldehyde levels. The method of production of the BCT involves maceration of human brain which causes the breakdown of cell membranes and the release of many potentially oxidative materials from subcellular particles. The loss of procoagulant activity of BCT on storage may be due to the loss of phospholipid or to the increase of inhibitory degradation products, i.e. free fatty acid and malonaldehyde. The examination of the lipid class composition of tissue thromboplastin extracts appears useful, therefore, not only in determining the phospholipids necessary for procoagulant activity, but also in monitoring the deterioration of tissue thromboplastins on storage. PMID- 7378313 TI - Citrate induced hypocalcaemia during cell separation. AB - The value of calcium addition during cell-separation by the Haemonetics Model 30 has been investigated in two patient groups. Where citrated plasma was used as the replacement fluid the addition of calcium abolished clinical symptoms and reduced the degree of citrate induced hypocalcaemia. When Plasma Protein Fraction was used as the replacement fluid, calcium addition was not necessary as clinical symptoms and significant hypocalcaemia did not occur. PMID- 7378315 TI - Interaction between the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and thalassaemia genes at phenotype level. AB - No significant differences were observed in the mean values of Hb A2 levels and red cell indices between G6PD- and G6PD+ beta thalassaemia carriers apart from the MCV, which was significantly higher in beta thalassaemia G6PD- subjects, but still in the thalassaemia carrier range. No difference was seen between G6PD+ and G6PD- alpha thalassaemia carriers. G6PD+ beta thalassaemia carriers show a significant increase in G6PD levels expressed as activity per g of Hb and to lesser extent as activity per number of red cells x 10(9); in G6PD+ alpha thalassaemia carriers this increase is statistically significant only when the enzyme levels are expressed as activity per g of Hb. G6PD- beta thalassaemia carriers had enzyme levels higher than non-thalassaemic G6PD- subjects only when the activity is expressed per g of Hb. G6PD activity was found to be increased in G6PD+ and G6PD- Hb H disease patients. PMID- 7378316 TI - Relationship of clinical staging and lymphocyte morphology to survival in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - The value of the Rai clinical staging system and lymphocyte morphology in predicting survival in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia was examined in 83 patients who had been followed for at least 5 years. Patients with less clinical evidence of disease (Stages 0 and I) had significantly longer survivals than patients with more evidence of disease (Stages II, III and IV). Patients in whom greater than 35% of the lymphocytes resembled benign atypical lymphocytes had longer survivals than those in whom most of the lymphocytes had narrow rims of cytoplasm and coarsely clumped chromatin. The survival differences in the morphologic groups were less striking than those in the clinical stages, and when the morphological groups were corrected for clinical stage, no significant differences in survival among the morphologic groups remained. PMID- 7378317 TI - An identical translocation between chromosome 1 and 7 in three patients with myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia. AB - An identical chromosome abnormality was observed in three unrelated patients with meylofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia, two of the patients showing a history of polycythaemia vera (PV) before development of the myelofibrosis. Unstimulated peripheral blood cultures showed a translocation between chromosomes 1 and 7 replacing a homologue of pair 7. It was identified by G- and C-banding as t(1;7)(7pter leads to 7p11::1p1? leads to 1qter). While the first patient also showed trisomy 21 and the third patient had some extra material on the short arm of chromosome 17, all three had trisomy 1q and monosomy 7q. Although each of these abnormalities is frequently observed separately in various haematological disorders, the combination of the two in the form of an identical translocation in three patients is an example of induced non-random cytogenetic change in myelofibrosis. PMID- 7378318 TI - Studies on the concentration and intracellular localization of iron proteins in liver biopsy specimens from patients with iron overload with special reference to their role in lysosomal disruption. AB - Liver biopsies were collected from control subjects and patients with iron overload due to either primary or secondary haemochromatosis. They were analysed for iron proteins by cation exchange chromatography and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In control tissue the transferrin fraction contains 25%, ferritin 50% and haemprotein and haemosiderin 10--15% each, of the total iron. In iron overloaded tissue the ferritin and haemosiderin iron increases approximately 10- and 100-fold, respectively, compared with control tissue. There was a close positive correlation between enhanced lysosomal fragility as determined by measurements of latent N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and haemosiderin content of the tissue; it is suggested that the haemosiderin is responsible for the lysosomal disruption and hence the tissue damage in iron overload. Studies were performed on the intracellular localization of ferritin and of total iron in biopsy extracts from control subjects and from patients with iron overload. In control tissue, ferritin contains most of the iron and is apparently free in the cytosol. In iron overload, ferritin is the major iron protein in the post-nuclear supernatant sedimenting into the gradient as the free protein. There are, however, significant amounts of immunoreactive ferritin deeper in the gradients but this cannot be assigned to any particular subcellular organelle. The extreme fragility of lysosomes in iron overloaded human tissue makes isolation of these organelles for detailed biochemical analysis extremely difficult. PMID- 7378319 TI - Investigations into the in vitro sensitivity to erythropoietin of haematopoietic tissue from ex-hypoxic, erythrocytotic mice. AB - If 'sensitivity' is defined as the ratio of haem synthesis in erythropoietin (Ep) stimulated cultures to that in cultures without added Ep, then haematopoietic tissue of ex-hypoxic mice is less sensitive to Ep in vitro than similar tissue from normal donors. This appears to be due primarily to the loss of erythropoietin responsive cells from the marrow and spleen. In addition, saline extracts of mature erythrocytes inhibited erythropoiesis in normal bone marrow cultures in a manner directly related to the 'haematocrits' used during their preparation. These data support recent suggestions that the preference of erythrocytotic mice over normal animals for Ep assay probably can be attributed to their low baseline level of erythropoiesis rather than an increased sensitivity to Ep. PMID- 7378320 TI - Effect of different resuspension media on the post-thaw characteristics of frozen blood. AB - Red blood cells frozen by the low-glycerol fast-freezing technique were thawed, deglycerolized and resuspended in various media. The use of ACD-saline for resuspension markedly reduced in vitro haemolysis such that the red cells could be transfused up to 5 d after thawing. At this time the cells contained satisfactory levels of potassium and organic phosphates, while bacterial contamination was negligible. For the past 4 years we have operated a small bank of previously frozen red blood cells which were thawed and resuspended in this way. Over 3500 units have been transfused after 1--5 d post-thaw storage without untoward effects. PMID- 7378322 TI - Variations in erythroid and myeloid progenitor cell numbers in normal human peripheral blood. PMID- 7378321 TI - Isolation of fibrinogen-fibrin related antigen from human plasma by immuno affinity chromatography: its characterization in normal subjects and in defibrinating patients with abruptio placentae and disseminated cancer. AB - Highly purified fibrinogen-fibrin related antigen (FR-antigen) was isolated with good recovery from 1.0--2.0 ml of human plasma, by immuno-affinity chromatography with antibody specific for fibrinogen and fibrin, and plasmin degradation products X, Y, D and D-D dimer. In FR-antigen from defibrinating patients there was evidence for thrombin activity alone (mainly disseminated cancer) or both plasmin and thrombin (mainly abruptio placentae). Thus, the molar ratio of N terminal Gly-Tyr in the FR-antigen of 18 of 20 patients strongly suggested thrombin activity (95th percentile). In addition, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) on unreduced samples frequently showed bands similar in mol wt to fragments X, Y and D, and in the reduced samples A alpha and B beta chain degradation, both indicating plasmin activity. 'N-terminal beta chain Ala' was elevated in the antigen of four of 20 patients, also suggesting plasmin activity (99th percentile). Combined thrombin, plasmin and factor-XIII activity, as shown with high levels of serum FR-antigen (greater than 10 mg/dl). In some defibrinating patients, especially those with disseminated cancer, heterogeneity of unreduced FR-antigen and A alpha chain degradation, both indicators of mild plasmin-like activity which are commonly seen in normals, were absent. PMID- 7378323 TI - A factor VII concentrate for therapeutic use. AB - A concentrate of factor VII suitable for therapeutic use has been prepared from human plasma by a method forming part of a comprehensive scheme of large-scale plasma fractionation. Factor VIII was separated as cryoprecipitate and factors II, IX and X were adsorbed on DEAE-cellulose. Most of the factor VII remained in the supernatant. By batch adsorption on DEAE-Sepharose, followed by elution on a chromatographic column, factor VII was concentrated about 25-fold, and purified about 50-fold compared with original plasma, without the need for further dialysis or concentration steps. Data are presented from 10 batches, each from 80 120 kg plasma. Following doses of factor VII to six congenitally deficient patients, the mean rise in plasma factor VII was 95-100% of theoretical; the half disappearance time was about 4 h. The treatment of four patients with acquired deficiency of factor VII is also described. No untoward side effects were observed. PMID- 7378324 TI - Stability of international reference thromboplastins. AB - Long-term stability of the WHO International Reference Preparation (IRP) of thromboplastin 67/40 and of two secondary preparations, WHO IRP 68/434 and the Dutch RP 73/528 was assessed by two criteria on the basis of the basis of data obtained in the period 1969-79. The clotting times of normal plasmas determined with these preparations over this 10 year period did not show changes which were of practical importance. Moreover, the slopes of the lines relating clotting-time ratios of 67/40 to ratios obtained with 68/434 or 73/528 did not give any firm reasons to assume a systematic change of these slopes with time. These lines were determined by linear regression analysis of individual patient ratios. Corrections were applied to the original data for modifications of the assay technique made during the past 10 years. PMID- 7378325 TI - Ferrokinetic analysis of clearance curves. PMID- 7378326 TI - 'Silent' beta thalassaemia and normal HbA2 beta thalassaemia. PMID- 7378327 TI - Enhancement of the growth of blood monocytes in agar cultures by haemolysates. AB - Mouse blood monocytes grow well in liquid but poorly in agar medium. In this study the effect of haemolysate on the clonal growth of blood monocytes in agar cultures was investigated. The results suggested that haemolysate from mouse or rat red blood cells contains a factor(s) that can render the murine blood monocytes able to grow well in agar culture (anchorage-independent growth). The mechanism of action of the enhancing factor(s) is discussed. PMID- 7378328 TI - Cytobiological and clinical aspects of tissue mast cell leukaemia. AB - The authors describe the results of a series of cytochemical, autoradiographic, cytophotometric and immunological investigations carried out in a case of tissue mast cell leukaemia. Leukaemic mast cells showed certain distinctive cytochemical features, amongst which an intense periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction, sensitive to amylase digestion, strong naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase (NASDCE), intense lactate dehydrogenase (LD) activity. Proliferative activity, determined autoradiographically with 3H-dT, was considerably low and was mainly confined to the larger cells. Also uridine and leucine incorporation were markedly reduced. Microdensitometry disclosed that the mast cell population was mainly arrested in the G1 phase. Because of previous attempts to destroy selectively neoplastic tissue mast cells with sheep antihuman IgE serum, a search for surface bound IgE was carried out, but gave a negative result. Possible therapeutic approaches are considered in the light of previous clinical experience and on the basis of the results of the kinetic and metabolic studies. PMID- 7378329 TI - Determination of alpha thalassaemia phenotypes by messenger RNA analysis. AB - The possibility of using alpha/beta globin messenger RNA (mRNA) ratios to distinguish between the carrier states for different forms of alpha thalassaemia has been explored. Alpha/beta globin mRNA ratios were determined in the red cells of a series of normal individuals and in members of four Cypriot families, one Thai and one Chinese family in which at least one person has haemoglobin H disease. It was found that there was a clear distinction in the ratios between normals, alpha thalassaemia 1 carriers, alpha thalassaemia 2 carriers, and those with haemoglobin H disease. This method should be a valuable addition to haematological analysis, haemoglobin synthesis and restriction mapping of DNA for the further elucidation of the genetics of alpha thalassaemia. PMID- 7378330 TI - Renal and extrarenal erythropoietin production in anaemic rats. AB - Rats were rendered anaemic by a single bleeding or by a single injection of phenylhydrazine. At various times after the onset of anaemia they were nephrectomized and challenged with a 6 h exposure to hypoxia. The erythropoietin titre observed at the end of this hypoxic period was corrected for renal erythropoietin induced by the anaemia alone, and the resulting extrarenal component was compared to total erythropoietin production of nephric rats in response to anaemia plus 6 h hypoxia. Extrarenal erythropoietin production was found to increase from 10.3% in normal rats to 12.5% in moderately anaemic rats to 15.1% in rats with severe bleeding anaemia. In phenylhydrazine-treated rats this extrarenal component was found to be 18.3% possibly due to stimulation of extrarenal erythropoietin by haemolysed red cells. Chronic phenylhydrazine administration resulted in splenomegaly and Kupffer cell hyperactivity but not in any further stimulation of extrarenal erythropoietin production. PMID- 7378331 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and homozygous sickle cell disease in Jamaica. AB - The relationship between D-glucose-6-phosphate: NADP oxido-reductase (E.C.1.1.1.49; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; G6PD) deficiency and homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease was examined in 120 patients. The proportions of hemizygotes (22.6%) was slightly more than that observed, and the combined proportions of heterozygotes and homozygotes (28.3%) were slightly less than would be expected, in the general population, but the differences were not significant. However, the proportion of patients of abnormal G6PD status in the 10-19 years age group was 41.7%, significantly more than that found in the 20-29 years age group (0.02 less than P less than 0.05), or expected in the general population (P=0.05). Possible reasons for this are discussed. Difference in G6PD status did not affect the total haemoglobin concentration, reticulocyte count, unconjugated serum bilirubin or Hb F concentration, irreversibly sickled cell counts or plasma haemoglobin concentration, and there was no demonstrable correlation between clinical severity or leg ulceration and abnormal G6PD status. PMID- 7378332 TI - Immune complexes in aplastic anaemia. AB - Immune complexes (IC) have been detected in nine out of 15 patients presenting with idiopathic aplastic anaemia using the polymorphonuclear neutrophil immunohistochemical technique. Immunosuppressive treatment undertaken in one patient produced a gradual recovery, the bone marrow repopulation being paralleled by the disappearance of IC. The significance of IC in aplastic anaemia and the relationship with possible pathogenesis and therapy of the disease are discussed. PMID- 7378333 TI - Familial association of the lupus anticoagulant. AB - A lupus anticoagulant was detected in plasma from two pairs of siblings using the kaolin clotting time mixing test. Strong evidence for this inhibitor in one further sibling pair is presented. Although coagulation abnormalities are usually classified as either acquired or of genetic origin it is apparent that the lupus anticoagulant might often be an acquired coagulation defect requiring genetic predisposition. PMID- 7378335 TI - The effect on plasma lipids of the isoenergetic replacement of table sucrose by dried glucose syrup (maize-syrup solids) in the normal diet of adult men over a period of 1 year. AB - 1. Eighteen males (31-62 years) who habitually consumed significant amounts of table sucrose (approximately 25% of total carbohydrate intake) were supplied with their usual intake of sucrose for consumption in conjunction with their normal diet for 1 year, and a record kept of the amount consumed. The sucrose was then replaced isoenergetically by dried glucose syrup (55 D.E.) which contained saccharin to equate the sweetness to that of sucrose. 2. Fasting blood samples were taken every 4 weeks during the 2 years, and the plasma analysed for glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipid-P by automated colorimetric methods. Dietary questionnaires were issued every 3 months to confirm the subjects were not substantially altering their diets. 3. In subjects whose weight remained unchanged and in those who lost weight there was a significant fall in cholesterol (P less than 0.025) and phospholipid.P (P less than 0.025) in the glucose-syrup period compared with the sucrose period; triglycerides did not change. In subjects who gained weight there was a significant increase in triglycerides (P less than 0.05), but no change in cholesterol; phospholipid-P fell significantly (P less than 0.0005). 4. The dietary modification in this experiment was sufficiently long to ensure that subjects had adapted, and the results obtained show stable changes in blood lipids which may be attributed to the isoenergetic replacement of table sucrose by glucose syrup. PMID- 7378334 TI - Evaluation and modification of whole blood filtration in the measurement of erythrocyte deformability in pregnancy and the newborn. AB - This study was designed to investigate the deformability of erythrocytes from pregnant women and full-term newborn infants, with healthy female adults as a comparison, using a whole blood filtration method. Delay in measurement, white cells, haematocrit, plasma viscosity, temperature and pH all significantly affected the rate of whole blood filtration and could thereby obscure or exaggerate changes in erythrocyte deformability. A new method was developed which eliminated or minimized these sources of error and the study was completed. Fetal erythrocytes were found to be significantly less deformable than adult erythrocytes which were in turn found to be significantly less deformable than erythrocytes from pregnant women. These differences appear to be related to the varying plasma fibrinogen concentrations in the three groups of subjects. The significance of these findings in the special haemodynamic situations found in the neonate and during pregnancy are discussed. PMID- 7378336 TI - Metabolic effects of altering the 24 h energy intake in man, using direct and indirect calorimetry. AB - 1. The metabolic effects of increasing or decreasing the usual energy intake for only 1 d were assessed in eight adult volunteers. Each subject lived for 28 h in a whole-body calorimeter at 26 degrees on three separate occasions of high, medium or low energy intake. Intakes (mean +/- SEM) of 13830 +/- 475 (high), 8400 +/- 510 (medium) and 3700 +/- 359 (low) kj/24 h were eaten in three meals of identical nutrient composition. 2. Energy expenditure was measured continuously by two methods: direct calorimetry, as total heat loss partitioned into its evaporative and sensible components: and indirect calorimetry, as heat production calculated from oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. For the twenty four sessions there was a mean difference of only 1.2 +/- 0.14 (SEM) % between the two estimates of 24 h energy expenditure, with heat loss being less than heat production. Since experimental error was involved in both estimates it would be wrong to ascribe greater accuracy to either one of the measures of energy expenditure. 3. Despite the wide variation in the metabolic responses of the subjects to over-eating and under-eating, in comparison with the medium intake the 24 h heat production increased significantly by 10% on the high intake and decreased by 6% on the low intake. Mean (+/- SEM) values for 24 h heat production were 8770 +/- 288, 7896 +/- 297 and 7495 +/- 253 kJ on the high, medium and low intakes respectively. The effects of over-eating were greatest at night and the resting metabolic rate remained elevated by 12% 14 h after the last meal. By contrast, during under-eating the metabolic rate at night decreased by only 1%. 4. Evaporative heat loss accounted for an average of 25% of the total heat loss at each level of intake. Changes in evaporative heat loss were +14% on the high intake and -10% on the low intake. Sensible heat loss altered by +9 and -5% on the high and low intakes respectively. 5. It is concluded that (a) the effects on 24 h energy expenditure of over-feeding for only 1 d do not differ markedly from those estimated by some other workers after several weeks of increasing the energy intake: (b) the resting metabolic rate, measured at least 14 h after the last meal, can be affected by the previous day's energy intake; (c) the zone of ambient temperature within which metabolism is minimal is probably altered by the level of energy intake. PMID- 7378337 TI - Iron absorption from maize (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) beer. AB - 1. Iron absorption from maize (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) beer was more than twelve-fold greater than from a gruel made from the constituents used to prepare the beer. 2. The effect of changes occurring during brewing were investigated. These changes include a decrease in the solid content, and the formation of 30 ml ethanol/1 and 5 ml lactic acid/1. 3. The presence of solid material was found to inhibit Fe absorption markedly, especially when the solid content was 100 g/l or more. 4. The presence of ethanol potentiated Fe absorption but the effect was only modest in gruels with a high solid content. 5. Fe absorption from a 2 ml lactic acid/l solution was four-fold greater than from a hydrochloric acid solution of the same pH. When lactic acid was added to a gruel containing 200 g solids/l the mean absorbtion rose from 0.4 to 1.2 %. 6. In a direct comparison, Fe absorption from beer was significantly better than from a gruel of similar pH containing lactic acid. 7. The results suggest that at least three factors are responsible for the enhanced Fe absorption from maize and sorghum beer. These include the removal of solids during fermentation and the presence of ethanol and of lactic acid in the final brew. 8. In order to reproduce the way in which beer is brewed domestically in Fe containers, a study was done in which beer was prepared in the presence of Fe wire. Under such circumstances Fe was rapidly dissolved and the final Fe concentration of the brew was 89 mg/l. However, the nature of the Fe-containing compound or compounds was not elucidated. PMID- 7378338 TI - Energy and protein nutrition of early-weaned pigs. 1. Effect of energy intake and energy: protein on growth, efficiency and nitrogen utilization of pigs between 8 32 d. AB - 1. The effect of energy and protein intake on the growth, food efficiency and nitrogen retention of artificially-reared pigs was studied over three 8 d periods between 8-32 d of age in an experiment employing a 5 x 3 x 2 factorial design. The factors were initial energy: N value (I; 250, 355, 460, 565 or 670 kJ/g N), rate of increase of I at 8 d intervals (0, 12.5 or 25%) and plane of nutrition (three times daily to appetite or 75% of this intake). 2. The range of energy: N values was obtained by formulating five diets based on dried skim milk, lactose and casein and feeding appropriate combinations of two diets. The diets, which were pelleted, contained 100 g maize oil/kg and the gross energy content was approximately 20 MJ/kg. 3. N digestibility was high at all three age intervals, reaching 0.99 on the diet containing the highest dietary crude protein (N x 6.25) level. Metabolic faecal N excretion was found to be I.I g/kg dry matter (DM) intake. 4. Growth rate, feed conversion ratio (kg food intake/kg wt gain; FCR), N retention (NR) and the proportion of digested N retained (NR: apparent digested N (ADN)) were significantly (P less than 0.001) affected by I values at all age intervals and the responses were quadratic. Response curves were calculated by the least squares method and optimum values of I determined for each of the criteria. A constant energy: N value of approximately 400 kJ/g N was indicated by growth, FCR and NR optima but the NR:ADN value fell from 0.77 for the 8-16 d period to 0.60 for the 24-32 d period at this I value. It is concluded that a suitable compromise would be an I value of 470 kJ/g N increasing by 10%/week. 5. There was a significant interaction between plane of nutrition and I values on FCR between 16-24 d (P less than 0.001) and 8-32 d (P less than 0.01) indicating that FCR was better at high protein levels and worse at low protein levels when the diets were fed on the lower plane of nutrition. PMID- 7378339 TI - Energy and protein nutrition of early-weaned pigs. 2. Effect of energy intake and energy: protein on energy utilisation and body composition of pigs slaughtered at 32 d. AB - 1. The effect of energy and protein intake on the nitrogen and energy utilization and carcass composition of artificially-reared pigs was studied between 8 and 32 d of age in an experiment employing a 5 x 3 x 2 factorial design. The factors were initially energy:N value (1) (250, 355, 460, 565 or 670 kJ/g N), rate of increase of I (R) at 8 d intervals (0, 12.5 or 25%) and plane of nutrition (three times daily to appetite or 75% of this intake). 2. The range of energy:N values was obtained by formulating five diets based on dried skim milk, lactose and casein and feeding appropriate combinations of two diets. 3. The metabolizable energy (ME) intake, carcass dry matter (DM) content, carcass protein gain and carcass fat gain exhibited significant (P less than 0.001) quadratic responses to I. 4. The carcass fat content in the DM increased from 200 to 342 g/kg ( less than 0.001) and the carcass crude protein (N x 6.25) content decreased from 657 to 519 g/kg with increasing level of I (P less than 0.001). The fat and protein contents were 309 and 556 g/kg and 242 and 610 g/kg respectively on the high and low plane of nutrition (PN) and were significantly different (P less than 0.001). 5. There was a significant I x R interaction in relation to carcass protein gain with the maximum gain occurring at 460 kJ/g N when I was constant and at 355 kJ/g N when R was 25% per 8 d. 6. The proportion of apparent digested N intake retained (N retention (NR):apparent digested N (ADN)) was significantly (P less than 0.001) affected by all three factors and there were significant I x R (P less than 0.001), I x PN (P less than 0.01) and R x R x PN (P less than 0.01) interactions. The maximum value of NR:ADN was 0.80. 7. Carcass fat gain and carcass energy gain exhibited quadratic responses to I reaching maximum values at 460 kJ/g N. The energy content of the live-weight gain increased linearly (P less than 0.001) from 5.79 to 7.90 MJ/kg with increasing level of I. PN and R also produced significant (P less than 0.001) responses the means being respectively 7.52 and 6.39 MJ/kg on the high and low PN and 6.55, 6.94 and 7.38 kJ/kg with increasing value of R. 8. Multiple regression analysis of ME intake on live weight (W), protein gain (PG) and fat gain (FG) yielded the equation: ME (MJ) = 0.644 W0.75 + 32.6 PG " 48.2 FG. This result is discussed in relation to published values for the energy requirements of the young pig. PMID- 7378340 TI - The influence of molybdenum on the copper metabolism of the rat at different Cu levels of the diet. AB - 1. Male WAG/Cpb inbred rats fed on rations with approximately 1.5 mg copper/kg (deficient), 6.0 mg Cu/kg (adequate) and 25.0 mg Cu/kg (excess) were supplemented with varying amounts of molybdenum (0, 50, 150 and 500 mg/kg diet) and the effect on the Cu concentration of blood, plasma, liver and kidney, the caeruloplasmin activity of plasma and the Mo concentration of liver and kidney were studied. 2. Mo increased the Cu concentration of blood, plasma, liver and kidney and the Mo concentration of liver and kidney. 3. In the plasma of Mo-supplemented rats the presence of a Cu-containing fraction was demonstrated, the Cu of which did not react with dithiocarbamate and was not related to caeruloplasmin. The Cu in this fraction was not able to increase the caeruloplasmin activity in the plasma of Cu deficient Mo-supplemented rats. The Cu concentration of the erythrocytes did not seem to have been increased by the Mo treatment. 4. When compared to Cu-adequate rats the effect of Mo on the Cu distribution was reduced both by Cu deficiency and Cu excess. This decreased effect of Mo was explained by reduced uptake or retention of Mo in the body as observed in the liver and kidney. PMID- 7378341 TI - A method for determination of unoxidized and total methionine in protein concentrates, with special reference to fish meals. AB - 1. An automated colorimetric method for determination of methionine using an iodoplatinate reagent is described. Methionine sulphoxide does not react under the chosen conditions. 2. The method may be used to distinguish between unoxidized and total methionine by doing one determination without and one determination with previous reduction of a portion of the sample with titanium trichloride. Methionine sulphoxide is then obtained by difference. 3. The method has been used with protein concentrates, mainly fish meals, after hydrolysis with barium hydroxide. Interference from cysteine-cystine is eliminated by adding a small amount of cadmium acetate to the sample before hydrolysis. 4. Results obtained for total methionine and for methionine sulphoxide by independent methods show good agreement with results obtained with the iodoplatinate method. PMID- 7378342 TI - Tryptophan and the control of triglyceride and carbohydrate metabolism in the rat. AB - 1. Hepatic fatty acid synthesis, measured in vivo using 3H2O, was increased by a single dose of L-tryptophan (50 mg/kg body-weight) to both fed and fasted rats and by a supplement of tryptophan to the diet (2.5 g/kg diet for 7 d) when the rats were killed midway through the feeding period. 2. Additional dietary tryptophan was hypotriglyceridaemic in normal rats but exacerbated the hypertriglyceridaemia in rats when lipoprotein clearance was impaired 24 h after an injection of Triton WR 1339 (Chromatography Services Co., Birkenhead, Cheshire). 3. The effects of tryptophan on hepatic fatty acid synthesis and the concentration of serum triglyceride were not directly related to the action of the amino acid on gluconeogenesis. A lack of correlation between inhibition of gluconeogenesis and enhancement of lipogenesis was confirmed using mercaptopicolinic acid, a specific inhibitor of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32). 4. DL-Tryptophan itself did not provide a significant contribution of substrate to the total rate of lipogenesis. Other possible explanations for the activity of tryptophan noted in the present experiments are discussed. 5. In conclusion, moderate intakes of tryptophan affect fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism under physiological conditions and it is proposed that the amino acid may be involved in the control of lipid metabolism in a variety of metabolic states. PMID- 7378344 TI - Dietary ascorbic acid and muscle carnitine (beta-OH-gamma-(trimethylamino) butyric acid) in guinea-pigs. AB - Tissue ascorbic acid (AA) contents of approximately 12 and 100% saturation respectively were produced in two groups of guinea-pigs. The 'low-AA' group had a significantly lower muscle carnitine concentrations than the 'high-AA' group. There was no concomitant emergence of the symptoms customarily regarded as characteristic of hypovitaminosis C. It is concluded that muscle carnitine (beta OH-gamma-(trimethyl-amino)butyric acid) is a highly-sensitive indicator of tissue AA contents; this could account for the lassitude and fatique reported to precede the emergence of frank scurvy in man. PMID- 7378343 TI - Levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lymphocytes of rats fed on diets varying in polyunsaturated fatty acid content. AB - 1. When weanling rats were fed on a diet containing 0.1 g/kg of the diet as polyunsaturated fatty acid, it was found that after 2 weeks the level of linoleate in the lymphocyte lipids was 56 mg/g total fatty acids, as compared with a level of 138 mg/g in rats on a normal diet (P less than 0.005). Similar levels were obtained from rats which had been fed for up to 16 weeks on the deficient diet, but in a group killed after 28 weeks on the diet level was found to be only 20 mg/g total fatty acids. The arachidonate level was found to be approximately 220 mg/g total fatty acids, regardless of whether the rats were fed on a diet deficient in linoleate for up to 16 weeks or on a normal diet. In the group of rats killed after 28 weeks on the linoleate deficient diet, however, the arachidonate level was only 60 mg/g total fatty acids. 2. Percentage values for total fatty acids are given for plasma, adipose tissue, and lymphocytes for rats on normal and experimental diets. 3. Scatter diagrams of the levels of linoleate v. arachidonate in the lymphocyte total fatty acids showed no correlation between the levels of the two acids (r 0.05), but similar plots of linoleate and oleate levels showed an inverse correlation (r -0.68). PMID- 7378345 TI - Estimation of in vivo digestibility with the laying hen by an in vitro method using the intestinal fluid of the pig. AB - 1. Dry matter and crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25) digestibility of four poultry diets determined by an in vitro method using the intestinal fluid of pigs was significantly correlated with corresponding in vivo digestibility values obtained with hens. 2. The intestinal fluid could be lyophilized and stored for at least 35 d without losing its activity on digestion. PMID- 7378346 TI - Effects of phospholipid fatty acid composition and membrane fluidity on the activity of bovine brain phospholipid exchange protein. PMID- 7378347 TI - Covalent modification of rhodopsin with imidoesters: evidence for transmembrane arragnement of rhodopsin in rod outer segment disk membranes. AB - The transmembrane disposition of the visual pigment rhodopsin was studied by the covalent labeling of protein amino groups with membrane-permeable and impermeable imidoesters. A new, highly reactive permeable reagent, 2 (methylsulfonyl)ethyl acetimidate (SAI) was developed for this purpose. The permeabilities of both this compound and the "impermeable" reagent isethionyl acetimidate (IAI) across the rod outer segment disk membrane were directly measured. Our results indicate that rhodopsin contains three classes of amino groups. One class (35--55% of the total) reacts rapidly with the membrane impermeable reagent and is presumably exposed on the outside surface of the membrane. A second class (35--55% of the total) is located on the internal surface of the disk since its rate of reaction is dependent on the relative permeabilities of the labeling reagents. The remaining 10% of the rhodopsin amino groups are inaccessible to either type of imidate and are largely accounted for by the single lysine residue which specifically binds the chromophore retinal. These findings, taken together with evidence from freeze--fracture electron microscopy, imply that rhodopsin is a transmembrane protein. PMID- 7378348 TI - Purification of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase delta from calf thymus: partial characterization of physical properties. AB - Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase delta has been purified 7800-fold from calf thymus, to a specific activity of 28 000 units/mg of protein. Similar to DNA polymerase delta from bone marrow [Byrnes, J.J., Downey, K. M., Black, V. L., & So, A. G. (1976) Biochemistry 15, 2817], the calf thymus enzyme is associated with 3'- to 5'-exonuclease activity. Both DNA polymerase and 3'- to 5' exonuclease activities copurify on hydroxylapatite, DNA-cellulose, and molecular sieve chromatography. The ratio of exonuclease activity to polymerase activity is approximately 1:12. When the most highly purified fraction is subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions, both DNA polymerase and exonuclease activities have the same mobility at several acrylamide gel concentrations. Isoelectric focusing experiments have shown that both activities have the same pI. These data suggest that 3'- to 5'-exonuclease activity is an intrinsic property of DNA polymerase delta. The molecular weight of the enzyme, as estimated from measurements of Stokes radius and sedimentation coefficient, is 152 000. PMID- 7378349 TI - Accumulation of methyl-deficient rat liver messenger ribonucleic acid on ethionine administration. AB - Highly purified poly(adenylic acid)-containing RNA isolated from livers of rats fed 0.25% DL-ethionine in the diet for 7 days accepted methyl groups from S adenosyl[methyl-3H]methionine, when incubated in vitro with mRNA methyltransferases from vaccinia virus or Ehrlich ascites cells, whereas RNA from control rats had no such activity. Nuclease digestion followed by chromatographic analyses of mRNA methylated in vitro revealed that the methyl groups were incorporated at the 5' end into cap 1 structures (m7GpppNmp...) by the viral enzyme, whereas both cap 0 (m7GpppNp...) and cap 1 (m7Gpppm6Am...) structures were formed by the Ehrlich ascites cell enzymes. The methyl-deficient mRNA isolated from the liver of ethionine-fed rats differed in its translational properties from mRNA isolated from control animals in an in vitro protein synthesizing system from wheat germ. PMID- 7378350 TI - Proton and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance study on the stabilization of the anti conformation about the glycosyl bond of 8-alkylamino adenyl nucleotides. PMID- 7378351 TI - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies on dideoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates. AB - A series of dideoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates, d-ApA, d-ApT, d-TpA, and TpT, were synthesized chemically and the diastereoisomers of each dimer were separated [Miller, P. S., Yano, J., Yano, E., Carroll, C., Jayaraman, K., & Ts'o, P. O. P. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 5134]. The 1H NMR spectra of these compounds are similar to those of their parent diester compounds. Specifically, the assignments of the 1H resonances of the two diastereoisomers of d-ApA (designated as 1 and 2) were reaffirmed by comparing with the unmodified, parent d-ApA. The absolute configuration of the phosphonate methyl group of the two isomers (d-ApA)1 and (d ApA)2 was determined by the NOE technique. The 1H NMR spectra of the diastereoisomers of d-ApA, as well as the corresponding monomer components dAp and CH3pdA, and TpT were analyzed by spectrum simulation techniques. Thus, all the coupling constants and chemical shifts of the proton resonances of the deoxyribofuranose ring and the phosphonate methyl group could be precisely determined. These data provide the information for an analysis of the sugar puckering and backbone conformations of these novel nonionic nucleic acid analogues. It was found that the conformations of the sugar-phosphate backbones of each isomer are similar to each other and are similar to the conformations of the parent dinucleoside monophosphates. The average adenine stacking conformations of (d-ApA)1 and (d-ApA)2 were described in numerical coordinates derived from a computer analysis which included both ring-current magnetic anisotropy and atomic diamagnetic anisotropy effects. The two computer-derived conformational models are similar to those derived from the graphic approximation based only on the ring-current effects. For each pair of dimer analogues, the base stacking mode of isomer 1 is similar to that of its parent diester while the extent of base overlap in isomer 2 is less than that in isomer 1. The results of the conformational analysis based on NMR data are consistent with the results obtained from ultraviolet and circular dichroism measurements on these dimers. PMID- 7378352 TI - Specificity in the alkylation of methionine at the active site of alpha chymotrypsin by aromatic alpha-bromo amides. PMID- 7378353 TI - Tryptophan in bovine rhodopsin: its content, spectral properties and environment. AB - The tryptophan content of purified bovine rhodopsin was obtained by two independent methods: direct analysis of hydrolysates prepared by digestion of opsin with methanesulfonic acid containing 0.2% 3-(2-aminoethyl)indole and a computer-assisted analysis of the near-UV spectrum of rhodopsin. Both methods gave a value of eight tryptophan residues per rhodopsin. Based on the near-UV spectral analysis, the light-induced difference spectrum of rhodopsin, and the susceptibility of residues to oxidation by N-bromosuccinimide, we concluded that approximately half of the tyrosine and tryptophan residues are shielded to some extent from the aqueous solvent, that two of the tryptophan residues are in very apolar environments, and that following light excitation at least one of these tryptophan residues and several tyrosines are exposed to an aqueous environment. Analysis of rhodopsin absorption in the far-UV indicated that below 240 nm, approximately half of the absorption is due to aromatic residues and that the other half is largely due to the peptide bond. The effect of illumination on secondary structure is to induce a loss in helical structure, calculated to involve 35% of the amino acid residues in purified rhodopsin. If light-induced changes in secondary structure are specifically excluded, most of these results can be extended to bovine rod outer segment membranes. PMID- 7378355 TI - Interaction of creatine kinase isoenzymes with beef heart mitochondrial membrane: a model for association of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic isoenzymes with inner membrane. PMID- 7378354 TI - Action spectrum and quantum efficiency for proton pumping in Halobacterium halobium. AB - The action spectrum and quantum efficiency (phi H+) for proton ejection from Halobacterium halobium have been determined under conditions chosen to minimize light-triggered proton influx which is usually observed in intact cells. The action spectrum for the carotenoid-containing strain, R1, shows that light energy absorbed by the carotenoids does not contribute to the proton ejection. After correction for shielding by the carotenoids and other cell pigments, the action spectrum closely follows the absorption spectrum of bacteriorhosopsin. Values determined for phi H+ in H. halobium cells and cell envelopes range from 0.4 to 0.7. These values are significantly higher than the currently accepted value for the quantum efficiency for the photoreaction cycle of bacteriorhodopsin in isolated purple membrane, suggesting that at least in intact cells and envelopes more than one proton is pumped during the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle. A new nondestructive assay for bacteriorhopopsin in intact cells and envelopes which also contain other pigments was used in this work. PMID- 7378358 TI - Cell cycle changes in Physarum polycephalum histone H1 phosphate: relationship to deoxyribonucleic acid binding and chromosome condensation. AB - We have examined the relationship of phosphate content in histone H1 of Physarum polycephalum to mitotic chromosome condensation and affinity for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). H1 undergoes a series of posttranslational phosphorylations which increase its apparent molecular weight on NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gels. Our studies confirm the observation by Bradbury and co-workers [Bradbury, E. M., Inglis, R. J., Matthews, H. R., & Sarner, N (1973) Eur. J. Biochem. 33, 131-139; Bradbury, E. M., Inglis, R. J., & Matthews, H. R. (1974) Nature (London) 247, 257 261] that the accumulation of phosphate in H1 increases markedly shortly before the onset of mitosis. However, we show in pulse-chase experiments with both 32PO4H1 and [14C]lysine H1 that there is no significant dephosphorylation of the histone either during or shortly after mitosis, suggesting that nonspecific postmitotic dephosphorylation of H1 is not a prerequisite for chromosome decondensation. We also show that both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of H1 bind with somewhat greater affinity to single-stranded DNA-cellulose than to native DNA-cellulose and that phosphorylation weakens the affinity of H1 to both forms of DNA-cellulose. PMID- 7378357 TI - Fluorescence energy transfer on acetylcholinesterase: spatial relationship between peripheral site and active center. PMID- 7378356 TI - Apolipoprotein B of avian very low density lipoprotein: characteristics of its regulation in nonstimulated and estrogen-stimulated rooster. PMID- 7378359 TI - Adenosine analogues as substrates and inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in intact lymphocytes. AB - A number of adenosine analogues have been examined for their ability to interact with S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolase in intact mouse lymphocytes. In the presence of erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine, 3-deazaadenosine, 8 azaadenosine, formycin A, 2-aminoadenosine, 2-fluoroadenosine, N6 methyladenosine, N6-hydroxyadenosine, purine ribonucleoside and inosine were each metabilized to radioactive analogues of SAH when cells were labeled with either L [2-3H]methionine or L-[35S]homocysteine. Tubercidin was shown to undergo metabolism both to S-[3H]tubercidinyl-L-methionine and to S-[3H]tubercidinyl-L homocysteine in cells labeled with [2-3H]methionine. 9-beta-D Arabinofuranosyladenine and 2'-deoxyadenosine caused marked elevations of [3H]SAH in cells preloaded with [2-3H]methionine but were not themselves metabolized detectably to SAH analogues. Adenine and 5'-deoxyadenosine also caused substantial elevations of [3H]SAH under these same conditions. Some of the adenosine analogues shown to be metabolized to SAH analogues also caused an elevation of SAH in the lymphocytes. These results indicate the potential of adenosine analogues to interfere with cellular methylation reactions due either to their inhibition of SAH hydrolase or to their metabolism, via this enzyme, to SAH analogues. PMID- 7378360 TI - Protection of satellite tobacco necrosis virus ribonucleic acid by wheat germ 40S and 80S ribosomes. AB - Wheat germ ribosomes combine with the AUG codon at positions 30-32 from the 5' terminus of in vitro radioiodinated satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) to form initiation complexes that protect specific regions of the RNA from attack by ribonucleases. Wheat gern 80S ribosomes convey partial protection to a region 20-52 nucleotides from the 5' terminus of STNV RNA and convey protection against high levels of ribonucleases to a region 20-44 nucleotides from the 5' terminus of STNV RNA. Wheat germ 40S ribosomes convey partial protection to a region 3-52 nucleotides from the 5' terminus of STNV RNA and convey protection against high levels of ribonucleases to a region 10-47 nucleotides from the 5' terminum of STNV RNA. Characterization of these levels of protection against attack by specific ribonucleases establishes that wheat germ 40S and 80S ribosomes form initiation complexes with a linear conformation of STNV RNA lacking the 5'-terminal stem and loop anticipated by Leung and co workers [Leung, D. W., Browning, K. S., Heckman, J. E., RajBhandary, U. L., & Clark, J. M., Jr. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 1361-1366] for the 5' terminus of STNV RNA. PMID- 7378361 TI - Conformational change of human prothrombin induced by calcium ions: an X-ray scattering study. AB - The scattered X-ray intensities from dilute solutions of prothrombin and Ca2+ prothrombin at 21 degrees C in 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer of pH 7.4 indicate that the prothrombin molecule attains a more extended conformation when Ca2+ ions are bound. This is indicated from the distance distribution function: the largest distance within the prothrombin molecule increases from 130 to 150 A when Ca2+ ions are bound; the radius of gyration increases from 35.5 to 39.5 A. A comparison of the experimental scattering curves with theoretical scattering curves calculated for various triaxial bodies shows that the shape of the prothrombin molecule can be represented by two ellipsoids and that the effect of Ca2+ binding can be represented by a change in the angle between their major axes. PMID- 7378362 TI - Photochemical studies of 7-cis-rhodopsin at low temperatures. Nature and properties of the bathointermediate. AB - The photoreaction of 7-cis-rhodopsin derived from 7-cis-retinal and cattle opsin was studied by low-temperature spectrophotometry. Upon irradiation of 7-cis rhodopsin at liquid nitrogen temperature (-190 degrees C) with blue light, its spectrum shifted to the longer wavelengths, indicating the formation of a bathoproduct. The bathoproduct thus formed was found to be identical with bathorhodopsin formed from rhodopsin in their spectroscopic, photochemical, and thermal properties. Therefore, we believe that the bathoproduct is, in fact, bathorhodopsin. The fact that 7-cis-rhodopsin can be readily converted to rhodopsin and to 9-cis-rhodopsin shows that the identical retinal binding site of opsin is involved in the three isomeric rhodopsins. These results appear to be consistent with the notion that the chromophore of bathorhodopsin is a twisted all-trans isomer, which is readily obtainable from the 7-cis, 9-cis, and 11-cis isomers. PMID- 7378364 TI - Identificiation, purification, and characterization of two distinct avian vitellogenins. PMID- 7378365 TI - Peptide inhibitors of sickle hemoglobin aggregation: effect of hydrophobicity. AB - Thirty-three peptides have been synthesized which have the ability to inhibit aggregation of sickle hemoglobin which occurs upon deoxygenation. Evidence is presented which indicates that the hydrophobicity of the side chains is the predominant factor. A linear correlation exists between the capacity of peptides to inhibit gelation and the additivity of the side-chain hydrophobic contributions. Small di- and tri-peptides are more responsive to changes in their nonpolar content than are larger oligopeptides whose antigelling activity is a slowly varying function of hydrophobicity. With few exceptions, charged substituent groups on the side chain do not appear to contribute to the inhibitory process. Thus, if hydrogen bonding or ionic interactions are involved with these residues, they appear to play only a secondary role in the molecular interactions responsible for inhibiting or delaying the deoxy-HbS gelation. PMID- 7378363 TI - Effect of hydrogen bonding on electronic spectra and reactivity of flavins. AB - Riboflavin tetrabutyrate undergoes characteristic spectral changes, in both the first and second absorption band regions, upon hydrogen bonding with trichloroacetic acid of trifluoroacetic acid. On the basis of the calculated electron densities, hydrogen bonding at the heteroatoms of the isoalloxazine nucleus is considered to occur with increasing concentrations of the proton donor, first at N(1), then at O(12), O(14), and N(3)H, and finally at N(5). The idea that the major effect of the hydrogen bonding at the N(1), N(3)H, and oxygen atoms of the flavin nucleus is to facilitate the electrophilicity of the N(5) position, which was predicted by molecular orbital calculations, was supported by the observation that the hydrogen-bonded flavin in its triplet state abstracts hydrogen from the donor N-benzyl-n,n'-dimethylethylenediamine at a faster rate than do the non-hydrogen-bonded species in CCI4. The implications of the present study in the spectroscopic and catalytic properties of flavoproteins are briefly discussed. PMID- 7378366 TI - High-pressure proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hemoproteins. Pressure induced structural change in heme environments of myoglobin, hemoglobin, and horseradish peroxidase. AB - Hyperfine shifted proton NMR spectra of metmyoglobin, methemoglobin, and their complexes with azide, imidazole, and cyanide as well as the spectrum of native horseradish peroxidase were obtained at high pressures up to 2000 atm with a specially designed high-pressure cell for 220-MHz superconducting NMR spectrometer. For the azide complexes of metmyoglobin, in all of which the iron atoms are in thermal spin equilibrium between high- and low-spin states, the increased pressure shifted their heme methyl proton signals to the upfield side. For the cyanide complexes of metmyoglobin and methemoglobin and for the fluoride complex of metmyoglobin, which are in purely low- and high-spin states, respectively, the spectra were almost insensitive to changes in pressure up to 2000 atm. The heme methyl proton signals of aquometmyoglobin, its formate complex, and horseradish peroxidase showed appreciable upfield shifts upon pressurization. These results were interpreted to indicate that the primary effect of pressure on the hemoprotein structure is to shift the spin equilibrium in favor of the low-spin form. Hemichrome formation of methemoglobin at high pressures was also observed, and the effect of pressure on the heme environmental structure of deoxyhemoglobin and deoxymyoglobin was also discussed. PMID- 7378367 TI - Resonance coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectra of oxidized and semiquinone forms of Clostridium MP flavodoxin. PMID- 7378368 TI - Solubilization and characterization of apolipoprotein B from human serum low density lipoprotein in n-dodecyl octaethylene glycol monoether. AB - Apolipoprotein B, the core polypeptide of human serum low-density lipoprotein, retains its native association state (500 000 g/complex), as well as its native conformation as judged by circular dichroism, when all lipid has been replaced by a nonionic detergent. Protein solubilized in this detergent should therefore be well suited for lipid binding studies. The native association state is also preserved when lipid is replaced by ionic detergents, but in this case the protein undergoes a conformational change, which can be reversed if the ionic detergent is replaced by nonionic detergent. The constancy of the state of association of the B polypeptide in a variety of amphiphilic environments contrasts with what has been observed with polypeptides from high-density lipoproteins which exist in different states of association under different conditions. PMID- 7378369 TI - Interaction of phospholipase A2 from cobra venom with Cibacron Blue F3GA. PMID- 7378370 TI - Laser temperature jump study of solvent effects of poly(adenylic acid) stacking. AB - The dynamics of the single-stranded, helix--coil transition of poly(adenylic acid) have been investigated by using the Raman laser temperature jump technique. The driving forces of this conformational transition have been probed by varying the cosolvent in mixed aqueous solutions. The rate of helix formation correlates well with the inverse of the solution viscosity. This correlation and the low activation barrier of approximately 4 kcal/mol for this process indicate a rotational diffusion controlled reaction. The rate of coil formation has a much higher activation barrier, presumably due to the strength of base stacking in the helix. This unstacking rate is virtually unaffected by alcohol cosolvents. A significant increase in this rate occurs when polar cosolvents such as urea, formamide, or acetonitrile are added. Absorbance changes with temperature suggest that urea specifically solvates the adenine base. The polar cosolvents appear to break up the stacked, helical conformation by interacting with the bases. PMID- 7378371 TI - Sequence of human glycine transfer ribonucleic acid (anticodon CCC). Determination by a newly developed thin-layer readout sequencing technique and comparison with other glycine transfer ribonucleic acids. PMID- 7378372 TI - Enzyme-bound conformations of nucleotide substrates. X-ray structure and absolute configuration of 8,5'-cycloadenosine monohydrate. PMID- 7378373 TI - Cyclo(L-prolylglycyl)3 and its sodium, potassium, and calcium ion complexes: a Raman spectroscopic study. AB - Raman spectra of the cyclic hexapeptide cyclo-(L-prolylglycyl)3 and its Na+, K+, and Ca2+ complexes are reported for the solid state and for samples in solution. Model compounds and N-deuteration were used to aid mode identification. Spectra of the uncomplexed ionophore in solution are consistent with previously proposed solution conformations and permit the identification of spectral lines characteristic of proline-containing peptide bonds in the trans and the cis conformations. Upon cation complexation the prolyl carbonyl stretch bands sharpen and upshift 20-30 cm-1 (to 1690-1700 cm-1). The glycyl carbonyl stretch band is unaffected by Na+ complexation, upshifted approximately 15 cm-1 by K+ complexation, and downshifted approximately 20 cm-1 (to 1619 cm-1) by Ca2+ complexation. Arguments supporting the involvement of prolyl carbonyl groups in cation complexation are noted. Spectra of the Na+ complex of the tetramer cyclo(L prolylglycyl)4 suggest an asymmetric structure. PMID- 7378374 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of the goose-type lysozyme from the egg white of the black swan. PMID- 7378375 TI - Characterization of collagen synthesized by normal and chemically transformed rat liver epithelial cell lines. AB - A rat liver epithelial cell line (K16) and a 2-[N-(acetoxyacetyl)amino]fluorine transformed K16 cell line (W8) [Weinstein, I.B., Yamaguchi, R., Gerbert, R., & Kaighn, M.E. (1975) In Vitro 11, 130-141] synthesize and secrete similar quantities of collagenous proteins. The transformed cells produce more total protein so that the percent collagen produced is decreased compared to that of the parent cell line. The type of collagen produced by the transformants differed from that of the parent cell line. After limited pepsin digestion, the pepsin resistant collagen molecules synthesized by K16 cells precipitated at 2.6 M NaCl and contained both alpha 1 (I) and alpha 2 chains in a 2.5:1 ratio. The collagen synthesized by the W8 cells precipitated at higher salt concentrations, and no pepsin-resistant alpha 2 chains could be demonstrated by CM-cellulose chromatography or gel electrophoresis. The cyanogen bromide peptides of the W8 alpha 1 chains did not cochromatograph with type I rat skin collagen cyanogen bromide peptides on CM-cellulose chromatography, whereas the alpha 1 chains of the K16 cells did cochromatograph. The conversion of procollagen to collagen was also decreased in the transformant cells. Therefore, the chemical transformation of K16 produced transformants with increased protein synthesis and altered collagen metabolism. PMID- 7378376 TI - Conformation and association of pancreatic polypeptide from three species. PMID- 7378377 TI - Reversible dimerization of avian pancreatic polypeptide. AB - The dimerization of avian pancreatic polypeptide (PP) was studied by large-zone gel chromatography using integral boundary analysis. The association constant has been determined as a function of temperature and pH. The dimerization is endothermic and entropically driven, which suggests hydrophobic interactions, and is enhanced with increasing pH. Analysis of the pH dependence indicates the involvement of ionizable groups. with pKa values of 4.5-5.5. In the avian PP molecule, there are six groups which are potentially titratable in this pH range. A comparison of the amino acid sequence of avian PP with that of the bovine and canine homologues, which also exhibit pH-dependent dimerization [Noelken, M.E., Chang, P.J. & Kimmel, J.R. (1980) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)], shows that they have three carboxylate and two guanidinium groups in common. It is suggested that salt linkages involving these groups participate in dimerization. In the avian peptide, histidine-34 may also be involved. PMID- 7378378 TI - Band 3-glycophorin A association in erythrocyte membrane demonstrated by combining protein diffusion measurements with antibody-induced cross-linking. AB - A new approach to the study of molecular protein interactions in biological membranes is presented. The technique is based on measuring the rotation of a membrane protein in the presence and absence of specific antibodies directed toward a purported complex partner. As a first illustration of the method, the putative association of band 3 with glycophorin A in the human erythrocyte membrane was investigated. The rotational diffusion of band 3 was strongly reduced following cross-linking of glycophorin A with divalent antibodies. However, little or no effect on band 3 rotation was produced by monovalent antiglycophorin A Fab fragments, antispectrinor nonspecific antibodies, ruling out major effects on band 3 mobility due to steric hindrance, unspecific antibody adsorption, or transmembrane interactions involving spectrin. It is concluded that immobilization of band 3 by antiglycophorin A antibodies is directly caused by cross-linking of a preexisting band 3-glycophorin A complex in the human erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7378379 TI - Incorporation of glycosidically linked sialic acid from radiolabeled free sialic acid and cytidine monophosphate-sialic acid by intact hamster fibroblasts: a reexamination. PMID- 7378381 TI - Mechanism of exchange of cytochrome b5 between phosphatidylcholine vesicles. AB - The intervesicle exchange of cytochrome b5 has been studied by fluorescence quenching. The binding of cytochrome b5 to 1,2-bis(9.10-dibromostearoyl)-sn glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine vesicles results in a quenching of cytochrome b5 fluorescence whereas the fluorescence is enhanced upon binding to 1-palmitoyl-2 oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine vesicles. This difference in cytochrome b5 fluorescence upon binding was used to study the kinetics of cytochrome b5 intervesicle exchange between the "quenching" and "enhancing" vesicles. Separation of the two cytochrome b5-vesicle complexes by density gradient centrifugation provided direct evidence for cytochrome b5 intervesicle exchange. Both the fluorescence assay and the density gradient assay yield the same value for the extent of cytochrome b5 exchange, obtained after equilibration, between the two types of vesicles. Both experiments also indicate that cytochrome b5 binds in a reversible fashion and has an equal affinity for the two types of vesicles. The kinetics of the exchange process are consistent with a mechanism involving the transfer of cytochrome b5 through the aqueous phase and rule out a mechanism involving vesicle collision. PMID- 7378380 TI - Synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by cultured rabbit smooth muscle cells. AB - Rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells were evaluated for their ability to synthesize and accumulate glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Because of the sensitivity of the microtechniques utilized, it is possible to determine the specific radioactivity of the GAGs obtained after radioactive incorporation of [35S]SO4(2-) and [14C]glucosamine. Data obtained at various incubation times indicate that the distribution of the GAGs secreted by the cells into the medium is different from that retained by the cell layer. Hyaluronic acid was shown to be the most abundantly produced GAG, and much of this GAG does not appear to be incorporated into the extracellular matrix. Also, a high percentage of the total chondroitin sulfate B synthesized was secreted into the medium. On the other hand, most of the heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate C/A synthesized seems to be associated with the cell layer. These results are consistent with those found in whole rabbit aorta. PMID- 7378382 TI - Action of detergents on membranes: differences between lipid extracted from red cell ghosts and from red cell lipid vesicles by Triton X-100. PMID- 7378383 TI - Energy-dependent changes of the electrokinetic properties of chloroplasts. PMID- 7378384 TI - Hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine induced by nominally synthetic lysophosphoglycerides: methodological implications. AB - Synthetic lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) obtained from commercial sources augmented the apparent activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in cardiac mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. For elucidation of this phenomenon, 2-[1 14C]linoleylphosphatidylethanolamine was incubated in the absence of cell protein with selected concentrations of LPE, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), Ca2+, ionic and nonionic detergents, and phospholipids with functional groups similar to those of LPE. Hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was evaluated by measurement of 14C-labeled free fatty acid release and confirmed by quantification of [14C]ethanolamine-labeled LPE formed. The reaction was dependent on the concentrations of Ca2+, PE, and LPE, exceeding 1.5 nmol/h with 20 micro M LPE and 30 micro M PE. Hydrolysis occurred in the presence of as little as 1 micro M LPE. PE was not hydrolyzed by comparable concentrations of ionic or nonionic detergents or by several closely related phosphatides, including LPC. Purification of synthetic LPE by high-performance LC to remove contaminating PLA2 eliminated the effect. LPE-induced hydrolysis of PE was found to depend on contamination of the LPE by PLA2 from Crotalus atrox, employed in the commercial synthesis of the lysophosphatide from the precursor used, phosphatidylethanolamine. Contamination of commercially obtained lysophosphoglycerides by PLA2 constitutes a technical pitfall which may cloud interpretation of experiments performed with inadequately purified material. PMID- 7378385 TI - Laser Raman spectroscopic study of specifically deuterated phospholipid bilayers. AB - Raman spectra of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines specifically deuterated in the 2 chain at one of positions 3, 4, 6, 10, 12, and 14 have been obtained as a function of temperature. The frequencies of the CD2 vibrational stretching modes depend on the position of the labeled CD2 group, being maximum at position 3 of the acyl chain and then decreasing until they become constant beyond position 6. This frequency dependence is interpreted in terms of the inductive effect of the charge distribution of the acyl chain carboxyl group. In both gel and liquid-crystal phases, the Raman line widths depend on the position of the CD2 group, being minimum at position 6 and increasing toward both ends of the hydrocarbon chain. The width of the CD stretching bands abruptly increases at the phase transition temperature. The magnitude of the increase depends upon the position of the label, increasing almost linearly up to position 10 and then decreasing for positions 12 and 14. The spectra for the CD2 group at position at position 3 and the terminal CD3 group are almost the same in both phases. These results are interpreted in terms of the effects of hydrocarbon chain organization on the vibrational modes. PMID- 7378386 TI - The poly(adenylic acid)-protein complex is restricted to the nonpolysomal messenger ribonucleoprotein of Physarum polycephalum. AB - The distribution of poly(adenylic acid) [poly(A)]-protein complexes in the polysomal and nonpolysomal messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) fractions of Physarum polycephalum was examined in the present study. Poly-(A)-containing components released from the nonpolysomal mRNP by ribonuclease (RNase) digestion were quantitatively adsorbed to nitrocellulose filters at low ionic strength, were highly resistant to micrococcal nuclease under conditions in which free poly(A) was completely degraded, and sedimented as a 10-15S particle which was disrupted by sodium dodecyl sulfate and protease treatment. These are characteristics of the poly(A)-protein complex. In contrast,poly(A)-containing molecules released from the polysomes by RNase were refractive to nitrocellulose, were completely sensitive to micrococcal nuclease, and sedimented at 2-4 S, identical with the sedimentation exhibited by protein-free poly(A). Examination of the poly(A) sequences present in polysomal and nonpolysomal mRNP by polyacylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the former contained only very short sequences, averaging approximately 15 nucleotides, while the latter exhibited only much longer segments, averaging approximately 65 nucleotides. It is concluded that poly(A)-protein complexes are restricted to the nonpolysomal mRNP of Physarum and that the limiting factor in complex formation may be the length of the available poly(A) binding site. PMID- 7378387 TI - Synthesis and characterization of alkylated isobacteriochlorins, models of siroheme and sirohydrochlorin. PMID- 7378388 TI - Direct evidence for the calcium-induced change in the quaternary structure of troponin in situ. Millisecond cross-linking of troponin components by a photosensitive heterobifunctional reagent. AB - Flash irradiation of the reconstituted troponin of thin filament complex in which one of their components, troponin C, was modified with a heterobifunctional photosensitive reagent before reconstitution of the troponin complex resulted in the formation of cross-links between troponin C and other components in contact with it. Quantitative analysis of the cross-linked products by gel electrophoresis has revealed interesting features of the quaternary structure of troponin. When the reconstituted troponin was photo-cross-linked with a xenon flash, an appreciable amount of cross-linking was detected between troponin C and troponin I and also between troponin C and troponin T. No effect of calcium on the cross-linking could be detected. This arrangement of components was found to change when troponin was complexed with F-actin-tropomyosin. The arrangement of troponin components in the thin filament complex was sensitive to calcium and magnesium; maximum cross-linking of troponin C and troponin I was observed when the thin filament was cross-linked in the presence of calcium and magnesium, while an appreciable decrease in the extent of the cross-linking was detected when calcium alone or calcium and magnesium were removed from the cross-linking medium. The cross-linking of troponin C and troponin T remained marginal irrespective of the concentration of calcium and magnesium. PMID- 7378389 TI - Synthesis and characterization of phosphocitric acid, a potent inhibitor of hydroxylapatite crystal growth. AB - Human urine and extracts of rat liver mitochondria contain apparently identical agents capable of inhibiting the precipitation or crystallization of calcium phosphate. Its general properties, as well as 1H NMR and mass spectra, have suggested that the agent is phosphocitric acid. This paper reports the synthesis of phosphocitric acid via the phosphorylation of triethyl citrate with o phenylene phosphochloridate, hydrogenolysis of the product to yield triethyl phosphocitrate, hydrolytic removal of the blocking ethyl groups and also chromatographic purification. An enzymatic assay of phosphocitrate is described. Synthetic phosphocitrate was found to be an exceedingly potent inhibitor of the growth of hydroxylapatite seed crystals in a medium supersaturated with respect to Ca2+ and phosphate. Comparative assays showed phosphocitrate to be much more potent than the most active precipitation-crystallization inhibitors previously reported, which include pyrophosphate and ATP. 14C-Labeled phosphocitrate was bound very tightly to hydroxylapatite crystals. Such binding appeared to be essential for its inhibitory activity on crystal growth. Citrate added before but not after, phosphocitrate greatly enhanced the inhibitory potency of the latter. This enhancement effect was not given by other tricarboxylic acids. The monoethyl ester of phosphocitrate had no inhibitory effect on hydroxylapatite crystal growth. PMID- 7378390 TI - Cold-stable microtubules from brain. PMID- 7378391 TI - The P-700-chlorophyl alpha-protein complex and two major light-harvesting complexes of Acrocarpia paniculata and other brown seaweeds. AB - Acrocarpia paniculata thylakoids were fragmented with Triton X-100 and the pigment-protein complexes so released were isolated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Three main chlorophyll-carotenoid-protein complexes with distinct pigment compositions were isolated. (1) A P-700-chlorophyll a-protein complex, with a ratio of 1 P-700: 38 chlorophyll a: 4 beta-carotene molecules, had similar absorption and fluorescence characteristics to the chlorophyll-protein complex 1 isolated with Triton X-100 from higher plants, green algae and Ecklonia radiata. (2) an orange-brown complex had a chlorophyll a : c2 : fucoxanthin molar ratio of 2 : 1 : 2. this complex had no chlorophyll c1 and contained most of the fucoxanthin present in the chloroplasts. This pigment complex is postulated to be the main light-harvesting complex of brown seaweeds. (3) A green complex had a chlorophyll a : c1 : c2 : violaxanthin molar ratio of 8 : 1 : 1. This also is a light-harvesting complex. the absorption and fluorescence spectral characteristics and other physical properties were consistent with the pigments of these three major complexes being bound to protein. Differential extraction of brown algal thylakoids with Triton X-100 showed that a chlorophyll c2-fucoxanthin protein complex was a minor pigment complex of these thylakoids. PMID- 7378392 TI - Effect of water on the structure of bacteriorhodopsin and photochemical processes in purple membranes. AB - Visible and infrared spectra of bacteriorhodopsin films under different humidities at room and low temperatures are investigated. On dehydration of purple membranes at room temperatures an additional chromophore state with the absorption band at 506 nm is revealed. The photocycle of purple membranes in the dry state is devoid of the 550 nm intermediate and involves the long-lived intermediate at 412 nm. As water is removed, the 550 nm intermediate becomes undetectable. The analysis of the infrared spectra shows that dehydration does not affect the ordering of the main network of the interpeptide hydrogen bonds which stabilizes the alpha-helical conformation (slightly distorted in the intial humid dark- and light-adapted state); light adaptation (cis-trans isomerization) of bacteriorhodopsin results in an increase of sorbed water in purple membranes. Dehydration of purple membranes decreases the reaction rate of cis-trans isomerization. PMID- 7378393 TI - The fractionation of plant photoactive pigment-protein complexes I and II. AB - The pigment-protein complexes enriched with Photosystem I (PPC-I) and Photosystem II (PPC-II) were obtained using sievorptive chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex column. Both types of complexes contain Chlorophyll a, beta-carotene and minor quantities of Chl b. Red absorbance maxima are located at 676 nm and 673 nm for PPC-I and PPC-II, respectively. The degrees of reaction centre enrichment were measured by the method of differential spectrophotometry: PPC-I has one P-700 per 35 bulk Chl a molecules, PPC-II contains one P-680 per 18 bulk Chl a molecules. The yield of PPC-II is 7--10 times lower than that of PPC-I. After one chromatographic procedure the amount of P-680 in PPC-I preparation does not exceed 7% of that of P-700, the amount of P-700 in PPC-II preparation 2% of that of P-680. The product of PPC-II degradation was studied. PMID- 7378394 TI - The effects of pH on the reductions kinetics of P-680 in Tris-treated chloroplasts. AB - The primary donor of Photosystem II (PS II), P-680, was photo-oxidized by a short flash and its rate of reduction was measured at different pH values by following the recovery of the absorption change at 820 nm in chloroplasts pretreated with a high concentration of Tris. The re-duction is biphasic with a fast phase (dominant after the first flash) attributed to the donation by a donor, D1, and a slow phase (usually dominant after the second flash) attributed to a back reaction with the primary acceptor. It is found that pH has a strong influence on the donation from D1 (PI = 2 MICROSECONDS AT PH 9, 44 microseconds at pH 4), but no influence on the back reaction (pi approximately 200 microseconds). pH also influences the stability of the charge separation since the contribution of donation from D1 at the second flash increases at lower pH, getting close to 100% at pH 4. PMID- 7378395 TI - Binary oscillations in the rate of reoxidation of the primary acceptor of photosystem II. AB - The decay of fluorescence yield following each of a series of saturating laser flashes has been used to monitor the kinetics of reoxidation of the primary acceptor of Photosystem II under conditions of varied redox potential. 1. In dark adapted chloroplasts, a damped binary oscillation as a function of flash number was observed in the kinetics of the decay of the fluorescence yield. The decay was faster on odd than on even-numbered flashes. 2. In the presence of low concentrations of 1,4-benzoquinone, the oscillation was more marked, and over the range approx 200--350 mV, independent of redox potential. The decay following flash 1 under these conditions had a half-time of approx. 200--400 microseconds. The decay following flash 2 was decelerated; the initial rate was up to 10-fold slower than after flash 1. 3. We suggest that the kinetics following a single flash reflect the rate of the reaction Q-B leads to QB-, and following the second flash, Q-B- leads to QB2-. Benzoquinone at low concentrations oxidises a residual fraction of B- which is usually reduced in the dark before the flash sequence. 4. A faster component in the decay (t u/2 approximately 140 microseconds) following the first flash titrated in over the range Eh greater than 350 mV. The binary oscillation was still apparent but delayed by one flash. 5. We discuss the relative redox potentials of the couples B/B- and B-/B2-, and the role of the component which titrates in at Eh greater than 350 mV. PMID- 7378396 TI - A study of dark luminescence in Chlorella. Background luminescence, 3-(3,4 dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea-triggered luminescence and hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence. AB - Dark luminescence, defined as the ability of completely relaxed (dark-adapted) photosynthetic systems to emit light, has been studied in Chlorella. Three main effects have been demonstrated. 3-(-3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea elicits a weak emission LD of very long lifetime (several minutes); it is believed to result from a negative shift of redox potential of the secondary System II electron acceptor B producing in some centers a state Q- (reduced primary acceptor), as postulated by Velthuys and Amesz ((1974 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 333, 85--94), which can recombine with an oxidizing equivalent in a state S2 present in very small amount. As in photoinduced luminescence, this recombination excites chlorophyll which then emits light. A much stronger emission LH is observed after injection of H2O2. Both signals are modified or suppressed by treatments specific of the oxygen emission system, such as: thermal denaturation at 50 degrees C, NH2OH, etc. In addition, a weak, permanent background luminescence L0 has been observed; like LD and and LH, it is a System II property and requires the integrity of the oxygen-evolving system. It is believed to reflect a very slow back flow of electrons from an endogeneous reductant pool to oxygen through part of the photosynthetic chain. Using flash preillumination, it is demonstrated that H2O2 is able to oxidize S0 into S2, the latter giving rise to LH; H2O2 does not act on S1 (or much less). The reactive site of H2O2 seems to be the same as the binding site of NH2OH. Evidence is given that the strong LH signal in particular reveals a stable, low pH of the intrathylakoid phase in Chlorella. PMID- 7378397 TI - Flash-induced charge separation and dark recombination in a photosystem-II subchloroplast particle. AB - The decay time of flash-induced absorption changes in a Photosystem-II subchloroplast fragment is very temperature sensitive down to 210 K, below which it remains constant at 1.25 +/- 0.05 ms. The difference spectrum from the near infra-red to the ultraviolet regions indicates that the monophasic decay represents charge recombination between P-680+ and the reduced primary acceptor. The charge recombination proceeds by electron tunneling. The P-680 concentration in the TSF-IIa fragment was estimated to be one in 30 +/- 5 total chlorophyll molecules. PMID- 7378398 TI - Influence of hyperthyroidism on the superprecipitation response and Ca2+ sensitivity of natural actomyosin in cardiac and skeletal muscle. AB - In cardiac natural actomyosin prepared from hyperthyroid rabbits, the time of onset of the superprecipitation response was shortened by 58% and the rate of response was increased 4-fold compared with euthyroid animals. However, Ca2+ sensitivity of cardiac natural actomyosin prepared from either euthyroid or hyperthyroid rabbits was not changed over the range of 10(-7) to 6.6 . 10(-5) M free Ca2+ concentrations. Skeletal natural actomyosin prepared from either euthyroid or hyperthyroid rabbits showed a far higher Ca2+-sensitivity than cardiac natural actomyosin, but there was no difference in either time of onset or rate of superprecipitation response. PMID- 7378399 TI - Photoelectrospectrometry of bilayer lipid membranes. AB - These different bilayer lipid membrane systems were studied under visible and ultraviolet illumination. The first system consisted of a bilayer lipid membrane formed with a mixture of phospholipids and cholesterol, to one side of which purple membrane fragments from Halobacterium halobium were added. The second system consisted of a membrane formed from spinach chloroplast extract. When either of these membrane systems was illuminated with ultraviolet and visible radiation, photopotentials were observed and photoelectric action spectra were recorded (the technique is termed photoelectrospectrometry). Each spectrum had a definite structure which was characteristic of each of the modified membranes. The third system studied consisted of an otherwise photoinactive membrane formed with a mixture of phospholipids and cholesterol, to one side of which chymotrypsin was added. When the membrane was illuminated with visible light no photoresponse was observed. On the other hand, a photopotential which increased with incubation time was observed when the membrane was illuminated with ultraviolet light. Since, in our systems, the photoresponses have been observed to be due to certain species incorporated into the membrane, it appears that photoelectrospectrometry is a useful tool for studying lipid-protein interactions, constituent organization and energy transfer in membranes. PMID- 7378400 TI - Effect of succinylphosphatidylcholine on phosphatidylcholine vesicles: structural studies by gel chromatography, electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - The effect of an aqueous dispersion of succinylphosphatidylcholine on an aqueous suspension of phosphatidylcholine vesicles was studied by gel chromatography, freeze-fracture electron microscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance with Mn2+ (broadening paramagnetic reagent). Total phospholipid concentrations were in the range 10--20 mM. Succinylphosphatidylcholine is in micellar form and behaves as a detergent. The structures obtained depend on the molar percentage of succinylphosphatidylcholine. Above a succinylphosphatidylcholine molar percentage of 60%, mixed micelles are formed, assumed to be essentially spherical. Below a succinylphosphatidylcholine molar percentage of 30%, principally mixed vesicles are observed, with an external diameter of 215--240 A, and an almost constant internal volume. Between 30 and 60% of succinlyphosphatidylcholine, a mixture of these structures is obtained; rod-shaped profiles are also observed in electron microscopy, which may correspond to sections of leaky vesicles or to a new kind of cylindrical micelle. PMID- 7378401 TI - The bilayer stabilizing role of sphingomyelin in the presence of cholesterol: a 31P NMR study. PMID- 7378402 TI - Lysophosphatidylcholine in liposomal membranes: enhanced permeability but little effect on transfer of a water-soluble fluorescent marker into human lymphocytes. AB - In an attempt to enhance delivery of liposome contents into cells, we tested the effect of lysophosphatidylcholine on transfer of the fluorescent dye, carboxyfluorescein, from small unilamellar and large multilamellar vesicles to human lymphocytes. Dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine and dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine lysophosphatidylcholine small unilamellar vesicles with varying lipid ratios were prepared and characterized. In the presence of lysophosphatidylcholine, small unilamellar vesicles were slightly smaller and more leaky than those made without lysophosphatidylcholine. Lysophosphatidylcholine induced less leakage in large multilamellar vesicles. It did not show any appreciable effect on transfer of liposome contents, whether included as part of the liposomal bilayer (of unilamellar or multilamellar vesicles) or added exogenously together with small unilamellar dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles. PMID- 7378403 TI - The binding of cytochrome b5 to plasma membranes of rat liver: its implication for membrane specificity and biogenesis. AB - The in vitro incorporation of cytochrome b5 into purified plasma membranes was investigated by biochemical and immunological methods. Plasma membrane preparations incorporated three times less cytochrome b5 than did microsomal preparations; 60% of this cytochrome b5 could not be reduced by the NADH cytochrome b5 reductase and considered as being bound to the plasma membrane. The morphological observations made after the immunochemical labeling of cytochrome b5 clearly showed a good but asymmetrical distribution of the ferritin labeling: only the inner face of the plasma membrane incorporated cytochrome b5. These results are discussed with respect to theories which concern the subcellular membrane relationships in the cell. PMID- 7378404 TI - Pulse-length dependence of the electrical breakdown in lipid bilayer membranes. AB - Charge-pulse experiments were performed on artificial lipid bilayer membranes with charging times in the range between 10 ns and 10 mus. If the membranes are charged to voltages in the order of 100 mV, the membrane voltage at the end of the charge pulse is a linear function of the injected charge. However, if the membranes are charged to voltages in the range of 1V, this relationship no longer holds and a reversible high conductance state occurs. This state is defined as an electrical breakdown and it does not allow the membranes to charge to higher voltages than the breakdown voltage, Vc. Between charging times of 300 ns and 5 mus at 25 degrees C and between 100 ns and 2 mus at 40 degrees C, Vc showed a strong dependence on the charging time of the membrane and decreased from 1.2 to 0.5 V (25 degrees C) and from 1 to 0.4 V (40 degrees C). For other charging times below and above these ranges, the breakdown voltage seemed to be constant. The results indicate that the breakdown phenomenon occurs in less than 10 ns. The pulse-length dependence of the breakdown voltage is consistent with the interpretation of the electrical breakdown mechanism in terms of the electromechanical model. However, it seems possible that below a charging time of the membrane of 300 ns (25 degrees C) and 100 ns (40 degrees C) other processes (such as the Born energy) become possible. PMID- 7378405 TI - Lateral pressures in biomembranes estimated from the dynamics of fluorescent probes. AB - A theoretical model is proposed which states that the time-independent fluorescence anisotropy of the rod-shaped molecule diphenylhexatriene incorporated into lipid bilayers is a direct result of forces constraining the diphenyl-hexatriene molecule. These forces are postulated as equating with the lateral pressure operating within the bilayer independently of the probe molecule. Insertion into the model of experimental observations (recorded in the literature) on anisotropy of diphenylhexatriene in lipid bilayers as a function of temperature yielded values of lateral pressure, which decreased with temperature, and sharply at the temperature defining the transition from gel phase to fluid phase. The values so predicted for the mid-point of the transition and for the entirely fluid phase, respectively, compared favourably with estimates of the lateral pressures in these physical states, that have been reported elsewhere and arrived at either from theories describing lipid chain behaviour or from lipid monolayer compression experiments. Previously documented effects on anisotropy induced by incorporation of cholesterol into fluid lipid bilayers have been interpreted as reflections of rises in intramembranal lateral pressure. PMID- 7378406 TI - Interactions of cardiac glycosides with cultured cardiac cells. II. Biochemical and electron microscopic studies on the effects of ouabain on muscle and non muscle cells. AB - Electron microscopic and biochemical studies revealed a salient difference in the response to toxic doses of ouabain by cultured cardiac muscle and non-muscle cells from neonatal rats. Progressive cellular injury in myocytes incubated with 1 . 10(-4)--1 . 10(-3) M ouabain ultimately leads to swelling and necrosis. The morphological damage in myocytes was accompanied by a drastic decrease in 14CO2 formation from 14C-labeled stearate or acetate but not glucose. Neither morphological nor biochemical impairments were observed in non-muscle cells. The interaction between ouabain and the cultured cells, using therapeutic doses of ouabain (i.e., less than 1 . 10(-7) M), was characterized. Two binding sites were described in both classes of cells, one site is a saturable K+-sensitive site whereas the other is non-saturable and K+-insensitive. The complexes formed between the sarcolemma receptor(s) and ouabain, at low concentrations of the drug (e.g., 7.52 . 10(-9) M), had Kd values of 8.9 . 10(-8) and 2.3 . 10(-8) M for muscle and non-muscle cells, respectively. The formation and dissociation of the complexes were affected by temperature and potassium ions. PMID- 7378407 TI - Fusion of liposomes with planar lipid bilayers. AB - The fusion of liposomes with planar lipid bilayers was monitored by two different methods. (a) Liposomes consisting of phospholipids and cholesterol were added to the aqueous phase bathing the cholesterol-deficient planar lipid bilayers in the presence of nystatin. The resulting increase in the planar lipid bilayer's electrical conductance was considered indicative of fusion. (b) Transplanar lipid bilayer injection of 35SO24- trapped inside the liposomes. It is shown by both methods that fusion is specifically dependent on the presence of negatively charged phospholipids both in the liposomes and the planar lipid bilayers and on Ca2+ in the aqueous phase of the fusion system. PMID- 7378408 TI - Effects of SCN- and NO3- on organic anion transport in rabbit kidney cortical slices. AB - 1. The effects of replacement of Cl- by either SCN- or NO3- on the accumulation of p-aminohippurate, the efflux of pre-accumulated p-amino-hippurate and kinetics of p-aminohippurate uptake were investigated in the rabbit kidney cortical slice. 2. The total replacement of Cl- in the incubation medium with SCN- decreased the 60-min slice-to-medium concentration ratio (S/M) of p-amino-hippurate by 75% and that with NO3- by 40%. 3. The decrease in p-aminohippurate accumulation by the inorganic ions was found to be specific for organic anion transport since the uptake of the organic cation, tetraethylammonium, was not influenced by inorganic ions. 4. The influence of NO3- on p-aminohippurate uptake was fully reversible: however, the effect of SCN- could only be partially reversed. 5. Both SCN- and NO3- significantly increased the Km value but had no significant effect on the V value of the p-aminohippurate uptake process. 6. These findings suggest that both SCN- and NO3- are competitive inhibitors of p-aminohippurate transport and, also, that SCN- appears to bind to a membrane component involved in the transport of p aminohippurate. PMID- 7378410 TI - Functional group contributions to the partitioning of phenols between liposomes and water. AB - The temperature dependency of the partitioning of p-alkylphenols and p halophenols has been determined between dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes and 0.15 M NaCl. Partition coefficients increased as a function of temperature below the endothermic phase transition temperature (Tc) of the phospholipid but decreased above this temperature. The transfer process was found to be entropy dominated below and enthalpy-dominated above the Tc, although large negative entropy changes were observed. Regular changes in the thermodynamic functions, partition coefficients and functional group free energies occurred as a function of the alkyl chain length or size of the halogen substituent below but not above the Tc. This has tentatively been attributed to increased phenol-phospholipid interaction at the higher temperatures. The partitioning of p-fluorophenol behaved in a manner expected of fluorinated compounds, yielding relatively low partition coefficients, but it produced an additional effect of markedly lowering the Tc of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine. Good correlations of the partition coefficients in liposomes with those in bulk organic solvents and with molecular size of the solute have been obtained. PMID- 7378409 TI - L-Tryptophan transport in human red blood cells. AB - 1. The initial rate of L-tryptophan uptake into human red cells as a function of the concentration in the medium was studied at 25 and 37 degrees C. 2. Uptake was resolved into saturable and linear components. Kinetic constants at 37 degrees C were, apparent Km 1.55 mM, V 0.145 mmol/l cell water per min and apparent KD 0.0103 min-1. 3. Inhibitor studies showed that L-tryptophan transport via the saturable component represents uptake by a previously unidentified transport system, designated the T-system. The linear component represents L-tryptophan transport via the L-system. 4. The substrate specificity of the T-system is apparently limited to the aromatic amino acids, L- and D-tryptophan, L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine. The main route of L-phenylalanine transport is, however, via the L system. L-Tyrosine is partly transported via the T-system, partly via the L system. PMID- 7378411 TI - The molecular packing and stability within highly curved phospholipid bilayers. AB - It is shown that the area occupied per phospholipid molecule and the thickness of the bilayer are the same in vesicles as in a planar bilayer. From this it is concluded thtat the lower limit to the size of a vesicle depends on the packing of the head groups of the inner monolayer. PMID- 7378412 TI - Fusion of human erythrocytes induced by uranyl acetate and rare earth metals. AB - Incubation of human erythrocytes with either uranyl ions (UO22+) or rare earth metals (La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+ and Yb3+) at 37 degrees C for 30-45 min resulted in the fusion of erythrocytes. Redistribution of membrane-associated particles was observed using colloidal-iron charge labelling and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The fusion of erythrocytes induced by these agents, unlike Ca2+, did not exhibit the absolute requirement for phosphate. Moreover, agglutination and fusion by these agents was observed in neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes in contrast to Ca2+- and phosphate-induced fusion. Inhibitors of intrinsic transglutaminase activity partially inhibited (35-45%) the fusion induced by UO22+ suggesting that cross-linking of membrane proteins results in protein-free areas of lipid where fusion may be initiated. PMID- 7378413 TI - Erythrocyte membrane cholesterol levels and their effects on membrane proteins. AB - The susceptibility of the band 3 protein of the erythrocyte membrane to proteolytic digestion at either surface of the membrane was not altered when the membrane cholesterol level was increased by 65-103%. Cross-linking of the major membrane proteins by o-phenanthroline . Cu, glutaraldehyde, dimethylsuberimidate and dimethyladipimidate was also unaffected. PMID- 7378414 TI - The sulphatase of ox liver. XXIII. The nature of substrate-modified sulphatase A. AB - An improved method is described for the preparation of milligram quantities of substrate-modified sulphatase A. The latter has the same molecular weight and the same ability to form a tetramer as has native sulphatase A. It has been shown that the modified enzyme prepared with nitrocatechol [35S]sulphate as substrate contains 1 mol 35SO24- per mol enzyme and that any treatment which causes reversion of the modified enzyme to native enzyme is accompanied by the loss of the bound SO24-. Dialysis of the 35S-modified enzyme against a solution containing SO24- causes a loss of 35SO24- with no change in the amount of modified enzyme in the preparation. It has been shown that the activation of the substrate-modified enzyme by SO24- does not lead to the formation of a third stable form of sulphatase A. PMID- 7378416 TI - Ion-dependent activation of AMP nucleosidase from Azotobacter vinelandii. AB - The effect of divalent cations on the purified AMP nucleosidase (AMP phosphoribohydrolase, EC 3.2.2.4) from Azotobacter vinelandii was investigated. All alkaline earth metal-ATP complexes were essential activators of the enzyme, and free alkaline earths also activated the enzyme in an allosteric manner: the apparent Ka for ATP and nH values (Hill interaction coefficient) decreased from 0.45 to 0.05 mM, and from 4 to 2, respectively, with increase in Mg2+ concentration. Transition metal-ATP complex also activated AMP nucleosidase, but a potent activation of the enzyme was followed by a progressive decrease in activity as the concentrations of transition metals increase. The enzyme fully activated in the presence of Mg2+ was inhibited by the higher concentrations of transition metals with the identical I0.5 values when Mg2+ was present. These results suggest the presence of two classes of binding sites for divalent cations. One is the activating site for ATP-metal complex, which is suggested to be commonly occupied by alkaline earths and transition metals. The other sites are those for free metal binding, the sites for free alkaline earths and free transition metals are activating and inhibitory sites, respectively. PMID- 7378415 TI - Quantitative analysis of the mixed activating effects of the alkali metal ions on intestinal brush-border sucrase at pH 5.2. AB - The activation of rabbit brush-border sucrase by the alkali metal ions, Li+, Na+ and K+, was analyzed using the equations of the random-order allosteric model previously proposed for sucrase (Mahmood, A. and Alvarado, F. (1975) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 168, 585). The alkali metals have mixed activating effects in tert-butylamine buffers at pH 5.2, including: 1. Affinity-type activation, where the apparent Km decreases as a hyperbolic function of the metal concentration. 2. Capacity-type activation, where the apparent V increases with the metal concentration. These two effects were analyzed quantitatively: firstly, by using linear transformations that allowed us to solve each partial equation separately and secondly, by iteration of the general equation, which permits treating the mixed effects as a whole. Results are consistent with the interpretation that a single metal-binding (activator) site suffices to explain the simultaneous occurrence of the two types of kinetic effect. Nevertheless, complicating factors exist that may require the postulation of additional sites for monovalent cations. In particular, the tert-butylammonium ion appears to interface with the effects of the alkali metals, especially Li+. PMID- 7378417 TI - Purification and characterization of a nicotinamide deamidase released into the growth medium of neuroblastoma in vitro. AB - Nicotinamide deamidase (nicotinamide amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.19) has been demonstrated in the conditioned growth medium of the M1 clonal cell line of mouse C1300 neuroblastoma. The enzyme has been purified 1200-1500-fold by Sephadex G25, hydroxyapatite, DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G200 and NAD-Sepharose column chromatographies. The purified protein was characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing and denaturing conditions. The apparent molecular weight has been estimated to be 230,000, and the subunits had respective molecular weights of 65,000 and 50,000. Histidine was the only NH2 terminal amino acid found. The enzyme is a glycoprotein; mannose and N-acetyl glucosamine have been identified. The effects of various ions on its activity have been investigated. The enzyme has a Km for nicotinamide in the order of 10( 6) M, a pH optimum of 7.2 and a pHi of 5.4. It is inhibited by heating and by sulfhydryl reagents. The existence of a nicotinamide deamidase with a high affinity for nicotinamide favors the operation of the Preiss-Handler pathway in M1 cells cultured in vitro. We found an induction of nicotinamide deamidase and a cellular increase of NAD with a higher nicotinamide supply and a repression of the released enzyme with supplying NAD in the nutrition medium of M1 cell cultures. PMID- 7378419 TI - Crystallization of a fluorescent derivative of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - By phosphorus analysis of the fluorescent derivative produced by ultraviolet irradiation of carboxymethylated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the presence of NAD at saturation levels, it has been shown that the photochemical reaction leading to the formation of the new fluorophore is also a 'half-of-the sites' reaction. Both the carboxymethylated enzyme and the irradiated enzyme carrying the new fluorophore have been crystallized. PMID- 7378418 TI - Determinants of the stimulation of fat cell adenylate cyclase by high concentrations of sodium and magnesium salts. Implications for the role of magnesium in regulation of enzyme activity. PMID- 7378420 TI - Solubilization and partial characterization of rat liver iodothyronine deiodinases. AB - Rat liver cells contain iodothyronine deiodinating enzymes (iodothyronine-5 and 5'-deiodinases), which are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. In the present study, the iodothyronine deiodinases have been solubilized from the microsomal fraction of rat liver with 1.0% cholate and 0.25% of the polyoxyethylene ether W-1. Cholate can be effectively removed from the cholate extract with a mixture of the polystyrene beads XAD-2 and XAD-7. However, after some time, aggregation of proteins occurred. Cholate solubilized iodothyronine-5' deiodinase has an apparent molecular weight of 65,000 and a Stokes radius of 36 37 A. The sedimentation coefficient is 4.3 S in 0.4-0.6% cholate, 7.6 S in 0.05% W-1 ether and 12.8 S in the absence of detergent. The enzyme solubilized with W-1 ether has an apparent molecular weight of approx. 200,000 and a Stokes radius of 52-56 A in 0.025% W-1 ether. In the latter extract, the sedimentation coefficient of the deiodinase is 4.3-5.2 S under different conditions. On DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, 70% of the bound deiodinases eluted with 0.1 M NaCl. The purification of this fraction was only 2-fold. Covalent chromatography, using activated thiol-Sepharose, resulted in approximately 3-fold purification of the deiodinases solubilized with W-1 ether, whereas in case of the cholate extract, no purification at all was obtained. Glutathione-Sepharose affinity chromatography resulted in no enrichment of the deiodinases. PMID- 7378421 TI - Inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by alternative electron donors. AB - The alternative electron donors ferrocyanide and hydroquinone have been shown to also act as inhibitors of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (3,4 dihydroxyphenylethylamine, ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.17.1). Hydroquine shows uncompetitive inhibition with respect to ascorbate and competitive inhibition with respect to tyramine. Ferrocyanide shows uncompetitive inhibition with respect to ascorbate and mixed type inhibition with respect to tyramine. Inhibition by ferrocyanide at concentrations at or above 2.5 . 10(-5) M was prevented by 2.5 . 10(-6) M cupric ion. These results indicate that the inhibitory action of these alternative electron donors is due to their interaction with a reduced enzyme species. The potency of inhibition of dopamine beta-hydroxylase by both ferrocyanide and hydroquinone is dependent on the degree of protonation of a group in the enzyme having a pKa of 5.3. PMID- 7378422 TI - Inhibition of arginine-glycine amidinotransferase by ornithine. A possible mechanism for the muscular and chorioretinal atrophies in gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina with hyperornithinemia. AB - The inhibitory effect of ornithine on L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (EC 2.1.4.1) was studied in crude rat kidney homogenates. The enzyme activity was linear with time up to 45 min and with protein up to 200 microgram. The apparent Km and V of amidinotransferase were 9.21 mM and 1.53 mu mol/g protein per min, respectively. The enzyme was competitively inhibited by ornithine, with a Ki of 0.253 mM. Kidney arginase was inhibited only slightly and non-competitively. The inhibition of amidinotransferase by ornithine may thus be important in creatine biosynthesis. In gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina with hyperornithinemia, a human autosomal recessive disease caused by decreased ornithine aminotransferase activity, plasma ornithine concentrations are elevated 10-20 fold (0.65-1.35 mM during fasting). In consequence endogenous creatine production probably is severely decreased because of inhibition of the rate-limiting transamidination step by ornithine. The deficiency of creatine and further of readily available energy in the form of phosphocreatine is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of the choroidal, retinal and type II muscle fiver atrophies in gyrate atrophy. PMID- 7378426 TI - Solubilization, partial purification and characterization of rat liver microsomal diacylglycerol acyltransferase. AB - The diacylglycerol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.20) activity of rat liver microsomes was solubilized with deoxycholate, cholate, and Triton X-100. The cholate solubilized activity proved to be more stable than the deoxycholate-solubilized activity. Cholate caused less interference with the diacylglycerol acyltransferase assay than Triton X-100. The cholate-solubilized activity was purified 3- to 4-fold by Sepharose 4B chromatography, and could be separated from most of the cholate-solubilized protein by centrifugation in a 10--20% sucrose gradient. The purification led to an overall purification of 9-fold with a recovery of 80%. The gradient fractions were analyzed for protein, RNA, and phospholipid content as well as for several enzyme activities of glycerolipid biosynthesis. The partially purified fractions were delipidated and activity was stimulated 5-fold by the addition of sonicated microsomal phospholipids. The soluble, gradient-puridied diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity was strongly dependent on added magnesium. PMID- 7378424 TI - The influence of bile salts and bile lipoprotein complex on pancreatic lipase hydrolysis of monomolecular films. AB - We report a new technique which allows us to follow the lipolysis of monomolecular films in the presence of bile salts by using a 'zero-order' trough (Verger, R. and de Haas, G.H. (1973) Chem. Phys. Lipids 10, 127). The effects of bile salts, the bile lipoprotein complex and colipase on pancreatic lipase hydrolysis of rac-1,2-didodecanoylglycerol films were studied at different surface pressures. Taking into account previous studies, lipase activity was interpreted as a function of its degree of binding to the bile lipoprotein complex. PMID- 7378425 TI - Effect of bile lipids on the adsorption and activity of pancreatic lipase on triacylglycerol emulsions. AB - Emulsions of natural triacylglycerols obtained with different shear forces were used to study lipase adsorption and lipolysis. The influence of the bile lipoprotein complex on these two processes was determined. Optimal lipase activity was observed to occur with a given phospholipid : triacylglycerol ratio. This ratio depended on the degree of triacylglycerol emulsification and was accompanied by maximal adsorption of the bile lipoprotein complex. These results support our previous model for pancreatic lipolysis under physiological conditions, according to which colipase controls lipase binding to the bile lipoprotein complex and the resulting association directs enzyme adsorption to the acylglycerol particle (Lairon, D., Nalbone, G., Lafont, H., Leonardi, J., Domingo, N., Hauton, J.C. and Verger, R. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 5263--5269). PMID- 7378423 TI - Desaturation of isomeric trans-octadecenoic acids by rat liver microsomes. AB - Desaturation of twelve labeled positional isomers of trans-18 : 1 acids was investigated using enzymes of liver microsomes from essential-fatty-acid deficient rats. Oleic acid was used as model for comparison and for optimizing the incubation conditions. Each positional isomer desaturated at a unique rate. The trans-6- and trans-13-octadecenoic acids gave mostly trans-6, cis-9- and cis 9,-trans-13-18 : 2 acids, respectively. The trans-5-isomer gave mostly cis-5, cis 9-18 : 2 acid. The trans-4-isomer gave a mixture of trans-4, cis-9- + cis-4, cis 9-18 : 2, trans-11-isomer gave cis-9, trans-11- + cis-9, cis-11-18 : 2; trans-12 isomer gave cis-9, trans-12- + cis-9, cis-12-18 : 2, and trans-14-isomer have cis 9,-trans-14- + cis-9, cis-14-18 : 2 acid. The trans-8-, trans-9-, and trans-10 isomers were not measurably desaturated. The site of desaturation of the trans-18 : 1 isomer was the 9-position, indicating action of delta 9 desaturase. Thus the isomeric trans-18 : 1 acids present in partially hydrogenated fats can be converted to cis, trans- or trans, cis- and cis, cis-18 : 2 isomers, and trans-18 : 1 isomers in food may have effects upon metabolic control because of the products derived from them. PMID- 7378427 TI - Chain elongation of trans-octadecenoic acid isomers in rat liver microsomes. AB - The chain elongations of trans-octadecenoic acid isomers with double-bond positions delta 4 to delta 15 were studied with rat liver microsomes. The delta 7 and delta 9, trans isomers were converted to trans-9 and trans-11-eicosenoic acids, respectively, at about 40% of the rate of conversion of cis-9-octadecenoic acid to cis-11-eicosenoic acid. The rates of conversion of delta 8, delta 10, delta 11, and delta 12 trans isomers were lower than those of delta 7 and delta 9 trans isomers, but the delta 4, delta 5, delta 6, delta 13, delta 14, and delta 15 trans isomers were not elongated at rates exceeding experimental error. PMID- 7378429 TI - Effects of metabolic inhibitors on the synthesis and release of lipoprotein lipase in cultured cells derived from the stromal-vascular fraction of rat adipose tissue. AB - Cultured cells derived from the stromal-vascular fraction of rat epididymal adipose tissue have been used to study the release of lipoprotein lipase in response to heparin. In the presence of heparin, lipoprotein lipase appeared in the medium biphasically, with an initial rapid rise followed by a slower linear release. The initial increase in activity in the medium was paralleled by a decrease in cell-associated activity. Over the course of the slower phase of release, cell-associated lipoprotein lipase levels remained constant. Treatment of cultures with cycloheximide or 2-deoxyglucose eliminated the second phase of release as well as cell-associated lipoprotein lipase activity. Treatment of cultures with Colcemid decreased the second phase of release but increased cell associated lipoprotein lipase activity. These data suggest that exposure to heparin results in a rapid release of pre-formed enzyme and that continued release is dependent on both protein synthesis and transport of the enzyme to the cell surface. PMID- 7378430 TI - Influence of age and genetic background on in vivo fatty acid synthesis in obese (ob/ob) mice. AB - The relationship of developing obesity and hyperinsulinaemia to fatty acid synthesis in whole body and major tissues has been studied in two strains of genetically obese (ob/ob) mice using in vivo incorporation of 3H2O into fatty acids. Rates of fatty acid synthesis were not increased in pre-weaning C57BL/6J obese mice even though hyperinsulinaemia and obesity occurred. Post-weaning, rates of fatty acid synthesis increased to 5 weeks of age in adipose tissue, liver and carcass, the latter being the major site of synthesis. Synthesis then declined in carcass and adipose tissue, but remained unchanged in liver at 3 months. Increased fatty acid synthesis developed earlier in Imperial College obese mice as compared to the C57BL/6J strain and total rates of synthesis were 3 -5 times greater. Adipose tissue was the major site of synthesis in Imperial College obese mice, while carcass was of only minor importance. Thus genetic background and age strongly affected rates of fatty acid synthesis and also the extent to which various tissues contributed. PMID- 7378428 TI - Abnormal effects of hypertriacylglycerolemic very low-density lipoproteins on 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity and viability of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. PMID- 7378431 TI - Enzymatic formation of prostaglandin D2 by rat basophilic leukemia cells and normal rat mast cells. AB - It has been shown that the major cyclooxygenase product in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells and in normal rat mast cells is prostaglandin D2. In RBL-1 cells, prostaglandin D2 is isomerase activity was found in the 150 000 X g microsomal pellet as well as the supernatant fraction. Incubation of RBL-1 microsomes with arachidonic acid without cofactors yielded 17.5 +/- 2% prostaglandin E2 and 9.1 +/- 1.4% prostaglandin D2. The cyclooxygenase activity was enhanced (25%) by epinephrine and the addition of reduced glutathione led to a marked increase in prostaglandin D2 synthesis (3-fold). Incubations with arachidonic acid, glutathione and epinephrine gave the maximum conversion to prostaglandin D2, yielding 7 +/- 0.4% prostaglandin E2 and 35.6 +/- 3.5% prostaglandin D2. Incubations with [14C]prostaglandin H2 to bypass cyclooxygenase confirmed the presence and glutathione dependence of the prostaglandin D2 isomerase in the microsomal fraction and also revealed the presence of the same enzyme in the 150 000 X g supernant. In contrast to RBL-1 cells, incubations of microsomes and supernatant from normal rat mast cells with [14C]-arachidonic acid and [14C]prostaglandin H2 localized the prostaglandin D2 isomerase activity in the soluble fraction. Similar to the enzyme in the RBL-1 cells, the mast cell enzyme was glutathione dependent. PMID- 7378432 TI - Rat hepatic cytosolic glutathione-dependent enzyme protection against lipid peroxidation in the NADPH-microsomal lipid peroxidation system. AB - Dialyzed rat liver cytosol (105 000 X g supernatant), when added along with 2.5 mM glutathione, blocked malonaldehyde formation in the NADPH-microsomal lipid peroxidation system, thus protecting against lipid peroxidation. Preheating the cytosol for 10 min at 60 degrees C destroyed its protective ability. Ammonium sulfate fractionation and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration of cytosol indicated that more than one glutathione-dependent protective enzyme was present. Fractions from the G-100 column containing the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase failed to protect, but fractions containing the glutathione S-transferases, which have non selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity, did protect. The glutathione S-transferases were purified further with ion exchange chromatography and shown to have protective activity. Thus the rat hepatic cytosolic glutathione-dependent enzyme protection against lipid peroxidation in the NADPH-microsomal lipid peroxidation system is in part due to some of the glutathione S-transferases. The selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase appears to have no protective effect in this system. PMID- 7378433 TI - Chiral 1,2-diacylglycerols in the haemolymph of the locust, Locusta migratoria. AB - A 1H-NMR method using chiral shift reagents was applied in the stereochemical analysis of the haemolymph 1,2-diacylglycerols of Locusta migratoria. Conversion of the 1,2-diacylglycerols into 1,2-diacetyl-3-tritylglycerols allowed the accurate determination of the enantiomeric purity, whereas direct trimethylsilylation of the unmodified or hydrogenated haemolymph 1,2 diacylglycerols proved to be less suitable because of signal broadening. In the haemolymph of Locusta, sn-1,2-diacylglycerols with a remarkably high optical purity were found to be present. In the resting locust, at least 96% of the haemolymph 1,2-diacylglycerols have the sn-1,2-configuration, in locusts in which the haemolymph diacylglycerol concentration was elevated by fat body triacylglycerol mobilization induced by flight activity or injection of adipokinetic hormone, over 97% of the 1,2-diacylglycerols is the sn-1,2 enantiomer. The few percent sn-2,3-enantiomer may not have been present initially. Positional distribution of the fatty acids in the fat body triacylglycerols and in the haemolymph sn-1,2-diacylglycerols obtained from locusts after a 2 h flight revealed nearly identical occupation of the sn-2 positions in both acylglycerols. The distribution patterns in the sn-1-position of the 1,2-diacylglycerols and the combined sn-1 and sn-3 positions of the triacylglycerols are compatible with the possible existence of a stereospecific sn-3-triacylglycerol lipase. PMID- 7378435 TI - Changes in mitochondrial lipids of rat kidney during ischemia. AB - Lipid changes in mitochondria isolated from rat kidney after various periods of ischemia were analysed by thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. Free fatty acids were increased at 30 min and more so thereafter. Total phospholipid fatty acids decreased steadily. The proportion of diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin) in the total phospholipid fraction decreased at 30 min, but the proportion of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the total phospholipid fraction did not change until the irreversible phase of ischemic injury. We have shown that decrease of cardiolipin in mitochondrial membrane occurs early during ischemia, and only during the irreversible phase of ischemia are phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine broken down. It is postulated that these phenomena are due to activation of phospholipase in the mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 7378434 TI - Acylation of endogenous phospholipids and added lysoderivatives by rat liver plasma membranes. AB - Phospholipid acyltransferase activities of plasma membranes have been investigated with various acyl-CoA thioesters (palmitoyl, stearoyl, oleoyl, linoleoyl and arachidonoyl) with and without added lysoderivatives. Different patterns of incorporation were observed for each acyl-CoA into endogenous phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The turnover rates calculated with tracer amounts of 10 microM acyl-CoA thioesters were five times faster for the polyunsaturated than for the saturated acyl moieties of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. Arachidonoyl-CoA was the best acyl donor at low concentrations and the maximal turnover rate was observed at about 25 microM. No saturation appeared at up to 100 microM linoleoyl-CoA. Linoleoyl-CoA transacylase acylated the lyso-compounds in the following order: lysophosphatidylcholine greater than lysophosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylinositol, while lysophosphatidylethanolamine inhibited linoleate incorporation into the phosphatidylethanolamine itself. Linoleoyl-CoA transacylation was not affected by the fatty acyl moiety at the 1-position of the lysophosphatidylcholine. The results support the view that the plasma membrane acyltransferase activity might contribute to the formation of bile phosphatidylcholines. PMID- 7378436 TI - The acylation of lysophosphatidylcholine by subcellular fractions of guinea-pig cerebral cortex. AB - The acylation of lysophosphatidylcholine by isolated subcellular fractions of guinea-pig cerebral cortex has been determined. The microsomal fraction contained the highest acylation activity, in terms of both specific and total activity. In all particulate fractions, including synaptic plasma membrane and mitochondria, there was a high correlation (correlation coefficient r = 0.90; P less than 0.001) between acylation and the activity of the microsomal enzyme, NADPH cytochrome c reductase. No correlation existed between acylation and the activities of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, acetylcholinesterase or succinate dehydrogenase. Acyl-CoA synthetase and lysophosphatidylcholine/acyltransferase, the individual enzymes responsible for acylation were enriched in the microsomal fraction. The activities of both enzymes in subcellular fractions correlated well with those of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, with the exception that acyl-CoA synthetase activity in the mitochondrial fraction was largely independent of endoplasmic reticulum. Neither synaptic plasma membranes nor mitochondria appeared to possess significant amounts of acyltransferase activity. The results indicate that the acylation of lysophosphatidylcholine is confined to the endoplasmic reticulum, and that activity present in the synaptic plasma membrane or mitochondrial fraction is attributable to microsomal contamination. PMID- 7378437 TI - Structure and metabolism of phospholipids in bovine epididymal spermatozoa. AB - Lipid analysis of bovine epididymal spermatozoa showed relatively large amounts of alkylacyl- and alk-1-enylacylglycerols in their choline and ethanol-amine phospholipids and alkylacylglycerol as the major constituent of a glycolipid tentatively identified as a monogalactosyl sulfate. The ether lipids exhibited remarkably simple molecular structures, i.e., the phospholipids had only 16:0 as alkyl and alk-1-enyl groups and their constituent fatty acids were almost exclusively 22:5 (n-6) and 22:6 (n-3). The glycolipid had mainly 16:0 as both alkyl and acyl moieties. In contrast, the diacyl choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides exhibited a much more complex fatty acid composition. 1,2 Diacylglycerols were the major nonpolar glycerolipid class and their acyl groups consisted almost exclusively of 14:0, 16:0 and 18:0. Labeled glycerol and dihydroxyacetone added to the incubation medium were readily incorporated into sperm lipids under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In each case, diacylcholine phosphoglycerides, diacylglycerols and phosphatidic acid were the major labeled lipids. Distribution of label among the molecular species of diacylglycerols and choline phosphoglycerides resembled somewhat their natural abundance. No radioactivity was found in alkylacyl or alk-1-enylacyl glycerolipids. The ether lipids may provide stable structural components of sperm membrane while the diacyl analogs undergo degradation and resynthesis. PMID- 7378439 TI - Lipolytic activity in adipocyte cell fractions. AB - Adipocytes release only negligible amounts of free fatty acids unless stimulated, but reveal considerable lipolytic activity when homogenized. Epinephrine treatment of the cells caused only a 20-40% increase in the activity of infranatants of homogenates while raising the activity associated with the fat layer up to 10-fold. Full activity (i.e. that of intact-activated cells) could be revealed by epinephrine treatment of the homogenate as well as by sonication of the fat layer in buffer. The combination of both treatments did not yield higher activities. The fat cake contains the bulk of the potential activities which are only realized when dispersed in the aqueous phase by sonication, or upon hormone activation of the whole homogenate. Increase in activity could also be obtained by removal of most of the lipid from the fat layer by extraction with petroleum ether. Re-introduction of extracted lipid inhibited lipolysis. The active enzyme could be separated by flotation at 1.12 specific gravity. The data suggest that the lack of activity in the intact non-stimulated cell may be due to the lack of availability of the aqueous phase to the enzyme. PMID- 7378438 TI - Alk-1-enyl ether phospholipids (plasmalogens) and glycolipids of Treponema hyodysenteriae. Analysis of acyl and alk-1-enyl moieties. AB - The lipids of Treponema hyodysenteriae B78, the etiologic agent of swine dysentery, comprised 16.4% of the cell dry weight, and consisted of 37.4% glycolipids, 28.6% phospholipids, and 34.0% neutral lipids. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, a major lipid in all Treponema except Treponema pallidum, comprised 80% of the glycolipids. An unidentified galactolipid less polar than monogalactosyldiacylglycerol was also detected. Phosphatidylglycerol (19.5% of the total lipids) was the major phospholipid. Phosphatidylcholine, characteristically the major phospholipid of treponemes, comprised 6.1% of the total lipids. Cardiolipin and lysophosphatidylcholine were minor components. The alk-1-enyl ether forms of both the phospholipids (plasmalogens) and glycolipids predominated. The alk-1-enyl ether forms of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, the unidentified galactolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, and phosphatidylcholine were 88.3, 96.4, 74.8, 60.6, and 6.3%, respectively. The acyl and alk-1-enyl chains of the organism were qualitatively similar and differed dramatically from those of the medium indicating a capability for fatty acid synthesis that most Treponema do not possess. Saturated C14, C15, and C16 chains comprised more than 95% of the acyl and alk-1-enyl groups. About 25% of the chains were iso-15:0, anteiso-15:0, and other branched moieties. PMID- 7378440 TI - Characterization of gastric mucosal membranes. II. Lipid compositions of purified gastric mitochondria from pig, rabbit and frog. AB - 1. The lipid composition of purified mitochondrial fractions from the fundic mucosa of pig, rabbit and frog were determined. 2. The total lipids expressed as mg lipid per 100 mg mitochondrial protein were approx. the same in pig and rabbit (13.4 and 15.5, respectively) and much higher than in frog (8.5). 3. The levels of phospholipids were about the same in pig and frog (approx. 61% of the total lipid) and lower than rabbit (78%). However, the levels of cholesterol were significantly different in the three species and constituted 22, 9 and 18.2% of the total lipids in pig, rabbit and frog mitochondria, respectively. 4. The glycolipid content in the mitochondrial lipids from pig, rabbit and frog were 7, 5.6 and 10.5%, respectively. 5. Cardiolipin contributed from 5.6 to 7.5% of the total phospholipids in the various species. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine together accounted for 80 90% of the total phospholipids in the various species; the contribution of phosphatidylcholine being always higher than that of phosphatidylethanolamine. Small but significant amounts of phosphatidylinositol were present in all species. 6. Generally, the predominant saturated fatty acid in the phospholipids was 16:0 from all species (except in phosphatidylethanolamine from pig and frog), and 18:1 and 18:2 were the predominant unsaturated fatty acids from all species. Sphingomyelin contained the highest amount of saturated fatty acids (over 80%) in both the species (pig and rabbit) studied. PMID- 7378441 TI - Effects of cortisol and thyroxine on phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol synthesis by adult rat lung alveolar type II cells in primary culture. AB - 1. The effect of cortisol and thyroxine on the formation of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylglycerols was studied in adult rat lung type II cells in primary culture. 2. Addition of cortisol enhanced the incorporation of [Me-14C]choline, [1-14C]acetate, [1-14C]palmitate, D-[U-14C]glucose, and [1(3)-3H]glycerol into total and disaturated phosphatidylcholines. 3. Cortisol also stimulated the formation of phosphatidylglycerols from labelled acetate, palmitate, glucose, and glycerol, but did not affect the formation of phosphatidylethanolamines. 4. Thyroxine alone did not significantly affect the formation of total and disaturated phosphatidylcholines nor that of phosphatidylglycerols or phosphatidylethanolamines. 5. Exposure of the cells to a combination of cortisol and thyroxine caused increases in the rates of synthesis of total and disaturated phosphatidylcholines from labelled choline, palmitate, and glycerol and in that of phosphatidyl-glycerols from labelled glycerol. These increases were about the same as those brought about by cortisol alone. In contrast to cortisol alone, the combination of cortisol and thyroxine did not significantly affect the entry of labelled acetate and glucose into phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylglycerols. 6. The present results suggest that direct effects of glucocorticosteroids on the alveolar type II cell may play a role in the regulation of the synthesis of surfactant lipids in the adult lung. PMID- 7378442 TI - The antiinflammatory activity of analogs of indomethacin correlates with their inhibitory effects on phospholipase A2 of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 7378443 TI - Acid cholesterol ester and glycerol ester hydrolase activities. Evidence for the individuality of these enzymes in human mononuclear leucocytes. AB - Hydrolysis of cholesterol oleate and glycerol trioleate was measured in homogenates of human leucocytes at optimum pH of 4.0 and 5.25, respectively. Both enzyme activities appeared to reside in the 15,000 x g, 20-min fraction of mononuclear leucocytes. Solubilization of cholesterol ester hydrolase activity was strongly dependent on the detergent to protein ratio, showing optimal solubilization at weight ratios of 1.0 in cell homogenates and of 3.0 in the 15,000 x g, 20-min fraction, whereas solubilization of glycerol ester hydrolase was independent to protein ratio over the tested range of 0.3 to 5.8. Using a sequential solubilization procedure, about 60% of the granule proteins as well as 88% of glycerol ester hydrolase activity were solubilized at a detergent to protein ratio of 0.3, whereas cholesterol ester hydrolase activity was solubilized from the remaining membranes at a ratio of about 3.0. Thus, the acid glycerol ester hydrolase and acid cholesterol ester hydrolase were related to different proteins. Since solubilization of cholesterol ester hydrolase required drastic treatment, it is suggested that this enzyme is related to a protein within the lysosomal membrane. PMID- 7378444 TI - Activity of heparin-releasable liver lipase. Dependence on the degree of saturation of the fatty acids in the acylglycerol substrates. AB - The heparin-releasable liver lipase of the rat has a modest phospholipase A1 activity when dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine is used as the substrate. The activity is more than doubled when dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine or soybean phosphatidylcholine (mainly containing esterified linoleic acid) are used instead. The hydrolase and transacylase activities of the enzyme with monoacylglycerol as the substrate also increase when unsaturated acylglycerols are used instead of saturated monoacylglycerols. The ratio of the rates of hydrolysis to transacylation increases when more saturated monoacylglycerols are used or when the availability of unsaturated monoacylglycerols (by the addition of albumin) to the enzyme is diminished. Therefore, in vivo the enzyme may be expected to have mainly hydrolytic activities, acting upon phospholipids and monoacylglycerols of lipoprotein particles and on monoacylglycerols bound to albumin. The higher activity on unsaturated fatty acid derivatives may contribute to the hypolipidemic effect of dietary (poly)unsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 7378445 TI - Heat denaturation of serum albumin monitored by 1-anilino-naphthalene-8 sulfonate. AB - The process of heat denaturation of serum albumin, and the properties of several denatured components of albumin were studied using 1-anilino-naphthalene-8 sulfonate as a probe dye. Like native albumin, these protein species all induce fluorescence of the dye with maximum emission at 470 nm when excited at 380 nm. However, the affinity of albumin for the dye decreased on denaturation. This fluorescent dye bound competitively to both native and denatured albumin with another probe dye, 2-(4'-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid, has a specific absorption band at about 480 nm on binding with native albumin. Fatty acids, such as lauric acid, inhibited the interaction of 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate with native albumin, but had little effect on its binding with denatured albumin. PMID- 7378446 TI - Marine biopolymers with cell specificity. II. Purification and characterization of agglutinins from mucus of windowpane flounder Lophopsetta maculata. AB - The windowpane flounder, Lophopsetta maculata, was found to have proteins in the body mucus which agglutinate mouse leukemia cells, L5784Y but not L1210. They also agglutinate rabbit and mouse erythrocytes, a marine yeast and a bacterium, and have weak activity against mouse sarcoma 180 cells, human B, guinea pig, and horse erythrocytes. The hemagglutinating activity was not affected by the treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol, trypsin, or pronase, but was inhibited by a high concentration of N-acetylneuraminic acid. The major active component was purified and found to be a protein having a molecular weight of 68 000 which dissociates into subunits of equal size (16 000). Isoelectrofocusing gave two sharp bands, close together, at pI 4.7 +/- 0.1. The protein contains high amounts of aspartic acid, glutamic acid and glycine, and very little histidine and half cystine. PMID- 7378447 TI - Ca2+-induced spectral changes in human prothrombin. PMID- 7378448 TI - Raman spectra of some snake venom components. AB - The Raman spectra of aqueous solutions of cobrotoxin, erabutoxin b (short-chain neurotoxins), alpha-bungarotoxin (a long-chain neurotoxin), cardiotoxin, cytotoxin I (cardiotoxins), 6-carboxyl-modified cobrotoxin and cobrotoxin treated with 5 M guanidine-HCl (denatured neurotoxins) were investigated. The main-chain structure of the toxins was found to consist predominantly of beta-pleated sheets and random-coils. The relative amounts of the beta-conformations were estimated to be in order of: cardiotoxins approximately short-chain neurotoxins greater than long-chain neurotoxins greater than Laticauda semifasciata III (exceptionally weak neurotoxin). Most of the disulfide-bridges of every toxin take the gauche-gauche structure about the CC-SS-CC linkage. However, the number of gauche-gauche structures is not the same among the neurotoxins. Tyr-25 of cobrotoxin is found to form a strong hydrogen bond similar to that of other short chain neurotoxins investigated earlier. PMID- 7378449 TI - Bimane fluorescent labels. Characterization of the bimane labeling of human hemoglobin. AB - The products of the bimane labeling (using a monobromobimane, a dibromobimane and a quaternary bromobimane) of hemoglobin are characterized. Peptide mapping identifies cysteine-beta 93 as the reactive thiol site. Electrophoretic mobility of hemoglobin varies with the label used, that of monobromobimane-labeled hemoglobin being unaltered, while dibromobimane- and trimethylammoniobromobimane labeled hemoglobin exhibit changes. The oxygen affinity of labeled hemoglobin is changed from that of hemoglobin. Deoxyhemoglobin is substantially less reactive towards monobromobimane than oxyhemoglobin. Bimane-labeled hemoglobin is more easily denatured on heating than unlabeled hemoglobin. Possible uses for bimane labels in the study of protein properties are pointed out. Bimane labeling agents are derivatives of 3,4,6,7-tetramethyl-1,5-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]-octa-3,6-diene-2,8 dione 9,10-dioxa-syn-(methyl,methyl)bimane). PMID- 7378450 TI - Heme methyl hyperfine-shifted nuclear magnetic resonance peaks assigned by selective deuteration as indicators of heme-protein interactions in metmyoglobins. AB - The heme methyl resonances in a variety of high-spin, low-spin and spin equilibrium forms of sperm whale metmyoglobin have been assigned by reconstituting myoglobin with selectively deuterated hemes. Two patterns for the heme methyl hyperfine shifts are observed, one characteristic of the low-spin state and the other typical of the high-spin state. The two protein forms which can change the position of their spin equilibrium significantly with changing temperature exhibit the pattern of the dominant spin state component at any temperature. The different hyperfine shift patterns for the low-spin and high spin states are concluded to arise not from different heme-protein contacts in the two spin states, but from characteristic differential sensitivities of the dominant spin transfer mechanisms to the same rhombic perturbation. PMID- 7378451 TI - High-resolution 1H-NMR studies of monomeric melittin in aqueous solution. AB - High resolution 1H-NMR at 360 MHz was used to characterize monomeric melittin in aqueous solution. The monomeric form of melittin was found to prevail at 3 mM concentration, pH 3.0, and temperatures between 30 and 90 degrees C, both in the absence of salt and with 6 M guanidium chloride. From comparison with model peptides and studies of the effects of 6 M guanidium chloride and variable temperature on the NMR parameters it was concluded that monomeric melittin is predominantly in an extended flexible form, with the fragments 5--9 and 14--20 more highly structured than the rest of the amino acid sequence. The appearance of a second, low abundant form of monomeric melittin, which is in slow exchange on the NMR time scale with both the more abundant monomeric conformation and aggregated melittin, was attributed to cis-trans isomerism of the peptide bond Leu-13--Pro-14. PMID- 7378452 TI - High-resolution 1H-NMR studies of self-aggregation of melittin in aqueous solution. AB - 4 mM melittin solution in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer at p2H 7.0 and 30 degrees C was shown by ultracentrifugation to contain tetrameric melittin. Using the spectra of this species and the previously characterized monomeric melittin as references, high-resolution 1H-NMR at 360 MHz was used to investigate self aggregation of melittin at variable temperatures, pH and ionic strength. The NMR parameters show that the spatial structure of aggregated melittin is different from monomeric mellitin in aqueous solution but resembles closely the conformation adopted by melittin bound to detergent micelles. Comparison of melittin bound to different detergent micelles and self-aggregated melittin in different aqueous media indicates that the mellitin monomers adopt similar conformations in all these systems. The present data suggest that melittin assumes an amphiphilic spatial structure which is stabilized both by the formation of mixed micelles with detergents or by self-aggregation. PMID- 7378453 TI - Internal residue criteria for predicting three-dimensional protein structures. AB - The internal amino acid residues of proteins are almost always non-polar since the hydrophobic effect is very important in stabilizing the three-dimensional structure. This fact suggests several new criteria for judging the correctness of structures predicted from sequence data. The dinucleotide binding domain has been used as a test structure for these criteria. The percentage of ionic residues, mutation data, hydrophobicity, dipole moments, and internal preferences of the residues on the interiors of the known dinucleotide binding folds are consistent with expectations. On the other hand, the values of these parameters for predicted domains in glutamate dehydrogenase (Wootton, J.C. (1974) Nature 252, 542--546) and aldolase (Stellwagen, E. (1976) J. Mol. Biol. 106, 903--911) differ significantly from the expected values indicating that these predictions are not entirely correct. The internal residue criteria can then be used to test modifications of the predictions for a better correlation with the internal residue pattern of the domain. PMID- 7378454 TI - Some physicochemical properties of bovine alpha s 2-casein. AB - The self-association of purified bovine alpha s 2-casein in 0.005 M EDTA, pH 6.7, at ionic strengths varying from 0.02 to 1.2 depends strongly on the ionic strength. The association reaches its maximum at an ionic strength (I) between 0.02 and 0.3 and can be described by the so-called isodesmic model. The standard free energy of association is about -38 kJ/mol at 20 degrees C. If it is assumed that the particles are spherical and have a voluminosity which is independent of the degree of association, then from the intrinsic viscosities at different ionic strengths the radius of the spherical particle (approximately equal to 3.7 nm), the voluminosity (approximately equal to 5 ml . g-1) and the solvation (approximately equal to 4.2. g . g-1) can be obtained. PMID- 7378455 TI - The effect of trypsin digestion on the structure and iron-donating properties of transferrins from several species. AB - The effect of trypsin digestion on iron-saturated and iron-free (apo) human, rabbit, bovine, pig and horse tranferrins has been studied. Iron-binding fragments were produced only from iron-saturated pig and bovine transferrins although some cleavage of the polypeptide chain occurred in all cases. The apo transferrins were generally degraded to a greater extent than the corresponding iron-saturated proteins. The ability of the different transferrins to donate iron to rabbit reticulocytes varied in the order rabbit approximately pig greater than human approximately horse greater than bovine. Trypsin digestion considerably reduced the ability of pig and bovine transferrins to donate iron to rabbit reticulocytes, slightly reduced the iron-donating ability of rabbit transferrin, and had almost no effect on that of human or horse transferrins. PMID- 7378456 TI - Amino acid sequence, location and phylogenetic aspects of the glycopeptides of human lactotransferrin. AB - Human lactotransferrin contains two prosthetic sugar groups situated in two different cyanogen bromide fragments: the amino acid sequences around the two polysaccharide attachment sites were established. The location of the prosthetic groups was quite different in serum and lactotransferrins and no sequence homology could so far be characterized between the glycopeptides of these two transferrins, whereas a close relationship between a glycopeptide of human lactotransferrin and a glycopeptide of hen ovotransferrin was noted. PMID- 7378458 TI - Thermal stability of hemoglobin and myoglobin: effect of spin states. AB - The thermal stability of various methemoglobin and metmyoglobin derivatives at different ligand concentrations and pH were studied by the method of differential scanning calorimetry. Comparing to water as a ligand, cyanide and azide are most effective in protecting the protein; fluoride stabilizes the protein slightly whereas imidazole and thiocyanate have little effect. Assuming thermal denaturation can be described by an activated two-state process, the activation parameters of all the derivatives were determined. We have also found that the stability of hemoglobin and myoglobin does not correlate with the iron atom spin state but depends instead on steric interactions with the ligands. On the reasonable assumption that structure and stability are related, this implies a definite dependence of structure on steric interactions. PMID- 7378457 TI - A new human hemoglobin variant: Hb BARI (alpha 2 45 (CD3) His leads to Gln beta 2). AB - An alpha-chain variant hemoglobin was found in the hemolysate of a 21-year-old healthy male living in Bari (Puglia, Italy). Structural studies demonstrated a previously unreported amino acid substitution, alpha 2 45 (CD3) His leads to Gln beta 2, involving a distal heme contact. The new variant has been named Hb Bari. Its electrophoretic behavior was the same as for Hb A; it was stable to both isopropanol and heat denaturation and exhibited normal functional properties, with respect to whole blood and stripped hemolysate studies. The level of Hb Bari was about 20% in the observed carrier. No relative was available for further investigations. PMID- 7378459 TI - Isolation and characterization of the blood group A-specific lectin from Vicia cracca. AB - We have isolated the blood group A-specific lectin from Vicia cracca by affinity chromatography on immobilized porcine blood group A/H substance. A molecular weight of 100 000 was obtained by gel filtration and analytical ultracentrifugation. The subunit size when determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate was 29 000. The lectin contains no half-cystine or methionine. It is a glycoprotein apparently with one oligosaccharide per subunit. The oligosaccharide contains mainly D-mannose and D glucosamine but no D-galactose or sialic acid. PMID- 7378460 TI - Identification of blood group A-active glycoproteins in the human erythrocyte membrane. AB - Normal human erythrocytes of blood groups A1, A2, B and O, and En (a-) erythrocytes lacking glycophorin A, but with A1B-activity, were surface-labeled with tritiated sodium borohydride after oxidation of terminal galactosyl and N acetylgalactosaminyl residues with galactose oxidase. A1 cells were also labeled by lactoperoxidase catalyzed iodination. After solubilization in Triton X-100, the blood group A-active glycoconjugates were isolated using the A-specific lectin from Vicia cracca coupled to Sepharose. No radioactivity was bound from erythrocytes of B and O blood groups. The glycoconjugates from A cell membranes which bound to the lectin and were eluted with 0.01 M N-acetyl-D-galactosamine were analyzed using cylindrical or slab gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The A-active glycoproteins included the major integral glycoprotein, band 3, and many minor, previously poorly defined components. Glycophorins A and B did not contain A-activity. PMID- 7378461 TI - The anomalous migration during two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins with oxidised thiol groups. AB - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins under conditions in which thiol groups are not maintained in a reduced state has been found to cause marked changes in the migration of certain proteins, apparently due to the formation of intramolecular disulphide bridges. The results suggest that certain previously designated eukaryotic ribosomal proteins are not, in fact, unique species. PMID- 7378462 TI - Circular dichroism studies of M and N blood group-specific glycoproteins and glycopeptides. AB - CD spectra of M and N blood group glycoproteins and their NH2-terminal tryptic glycopeptides were compared. The CD spectra of glycoproteins obtained suggest the presence of a low content of alpha-helix. The M glycoprotein contained a higher percentage of a periodical structure. CD spectra of M and N tryptic glycopeptides, both sialoglycopeptides and desialylated preparates, were similar and showed positive ellipticities in the range of 210--240 m. However, the spectra of desialylated glycopeptides were red-shifted in respect to spectra of sialoglycopeptides. The CD spectra of glycopeptides suggest the presence of beta turns. PMID- 7378463 TI - The orientation of the heme group in crystalline cytochrome b5. AB - The correct orientation of the heme group in cytochrome b5 has been determined by difference Fourier techniques at 2.0 A resolution. The heme orientation is now in agreement with that obtained in a recent high resolution NMR study. PMID- 7378464 TI - Binding of xylenol orange to transferrin. Demonstration of metal-anion linkage. AB - The iron transport protein, transferrin, binds two metal ions and, concomitantly, two carboxylate anions. The metal ion indicators, xylenol orange and semi-xylenol orange are carboxylate anions which exhibit a characteristic visible spectrum when attached to a metal. We prepared the ternary complexes VO2+-transferrin xylenol orange and VO2+-transferrin-semi-xylenol orange. The EPR spectra show that the vanadyl ion is attached to the protein and the visible spectra show that the xylenol orange or semi-xylenol orange is attached to the metal. The implication is that in other metal-transferrin-anion complexes, the anion is directly attached to the metal. PMID- 7378465 TI - Proton magnetic resonance studies on proteolytic fragments of troponin-C. Structural homology with the native molecule. AB - Comparison of proton magnetic resonance spectra of a tryptic and a thrombin fragment of troponin-C with that of the native protein has identified the domain of the molecule influenced by Ca2+ binding to the lower affinity regions I and II of troponin-C. The binding of Ca2+ to these sites results in a subtle alteration of the tertiary fold of the N-terminal half of troponin-C involving weakened contacts between several hydrophobic groups. The role and kinetics of the movements within the troponin-C molecule associated with binding at the regulatory sites are discussed. PMID- 7378466 TI - Metal-binding characteristics of the parotid salivary protein gustin. AB - Metal binding characteristics of the parotid salivary protein gustin have been examined. When purified to apparent homogeneity, gustin contains 1 gatom Zn/mol which is tightly bound (Kd at pH 7.2, 4.5--10(-11) M). This tightly bound zinc can be removed with strong chelators such as diethyldithiocarbamic acid and 1,10 o-phenanthroline at pH 4.5, but not with EDTA or Chelex 100. Removal of the metal ion causes no appreciable conformational change in the protein. The apoprotein can be reconstituted by dialysis against Zn2+-containing buffer, a process favored by pH greater than 6.0. Only cobalt is able to bind to the apoprotein at this strong binding site. Cobalt binding is appreciably weaker than that of zinc (Kd at pH 7.2, 1.3--10(-7) M) and is maximal at pH 7.0. The weaker binding of cobalt is also illustrated by the loss of 37% of bound cobalt after 96 h of dialysis at pH 7.2, conditions under which the zinc content of gustin does not change. A second gatom Zn/mol may be loosely bound to gustin, but is easily removed by dialysis against metal ion-free buffer. Other metal ions such as copper, nickel, iron or manganese, but not cadmium or mercury, bind loosely to this second zinc site and are removed with ease. Zinc appears to be involved in the formation of the complex between gustin and glycoproteins which are present in human parotid saliva in vivo. PMID- 7378467 TI - Hemoglobin Tampa:beta 79 (EF3) aspartic acid replaced by tyrosine. AB - Hemoglobin Tampa was detected in a 6-year-old male caucasian who is homozygous for this variant hemoglobin. The variant hemoglobin has an electrophoretic mobility between Hb F and Hb S on cellulose acetate (pH 8.5) and a mobility between Hb S and Hb C on citrate agar (pH 6.0). In acid buffer globin chain analysis revealed an abnormal beta chain with a mobility between the beta A and beta S chains, and in alkaline buffer the mobility of the chain was at the beta S position. Structural characterization of the variant beta chain indicates that aspartic acid is replaced with tyrosine at position 79, the site of a previously reported mutation, Asp replaced by Gly (Hb Hsi-Tsou). The clinical histories of the available family members including the homozygous propositus appear to be unremarkable. PMID- 7378468 TI - Amino acid sequence of 2Fe-2S ferredoxin from an extreme halophile, Halobacterium of the Dead Sea. AB - The primary structure of the 2Fe-2S ferredoxin from Halobacterium of the Dead Sea was determined and it consisted of 128 amino acid residues including an N epsilon acetyllysyl residue. Due to a high degree of sequence homology between this ferredoxin and the one from Halobacterium halobium, all tryptic peptides could be aligned in order. Only 20 amino acid differences were observed between these two halobacterial ferredoxins. The distribution of cysteinyl residues involved in the iron chelation was similar to that of chloroplast-type ferredoxins. PMID- 7378469 TI - Amphitrite ornata erythrocruorin. I. Structural properties and characterization of subunit interactions. AB - A high molecular weight erythrocruorin (Mr approx. 3 . 10(6)) is found in the vascular system of the marine terebellid worm Amphitrite ornata, while a low molecular weight hemoglobin is contained in the coelomic cells. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates that Amphitrite erythrocruorin contains three different types of polypeptide chain, of molecular weight approx. 15,000, whereas the molecular weight per heme group is approx. 20,000. These data suggest that only two of three polypeptide chains may be associated with a heme group. The coelomic hemoglobin, which occurs as a monomer, has an apparent molecular weight of approx. 14,000. The circular dichroism spectra of Amphitrite erythrocruorin and of the coelomic protein reveal marked differences in the heme environment, while the alpha-helical contents are not very different (60% and 70%, respectively). Amphitrite erythrocruorin is unusual in its dissociation behavior. Divalent cations are required for maintaining the quaternary structure. In the pH range 7.75--8.5, when the Ca2+ concentration is reduced below 1 mM, the whole molecule (57 S) dissociates into a number of lower molecular weight species (25, 15, 10 and 3 S) which have been correlated with specific subunit structures by electron microscopy. Whole molecules and 25 S subunits are not in equilibrium with the lower molecular weight species and can be isolated from partially dissociated mixtures. In contrast, the lower molecular weight subunits are themselves in a state of rapid equilibrium which is sensitive to cations, protons and oxygen. Of special interest is the dimerization reaction of the 10 S subunits, which appears to be mediated by Ca2+ and conforms to the predictions of the Cann and Goad theory on ligand mediated equilibria. The dissociation of Amphitrite erythrocruorin is readily reversible when the Ca2+ concentration is increased. The subunits obtained at physiological (7.8) or slightly acid (6.5) pH completely reassemble into whole molecules. Reassembly, however, is only partial when dissociation occurs at high pH. The presence of stable intermediates, such as the 15 S species, may facilitate the reassociation process. PMID- 7378470 TI - Thermodynamics and kinetics of the neutral transition of human serum albumin, monitored by the spectral change of bound bilirubin. AB - Sectral changes in the complex of human serum albumin with bilirubin in the neutral pH range are related to conformational alterations of the protein. The transformation responds to changes in temperature and concentration of calcium ions in a similar fashion as the N-B transition of albumin. The kinetics of the structural changes are studied. The spectral shift from high to low, as well as from low to high pH, is presented in a model consisting of three relaxation steps. PMID- 7378472 TI - 15N-NMR of repeat peptides of tropoelastin. The tetrapeptide. AB - The 15N-NMR data obtained in chloroform and methanol are reported for Boc-L-Val1 L-Pro2-Gly3-Gly4-OMe, a repeat tetrapeptide sequence of tropoelastin. Deuterium substitution for labile peptide protons was carried out to delineate solvent exposed and solvent-shielded peptide nitrogens. Solvent perturbation of the peptide nitrogen resonances together with the hydrogen-deuterium substitution reaffirms the previously derived conformation of the molecule in chloroform which contains a beta-turn (type II) and a 14-membered hydrogen bond to form a cross beta structure. PMID- 7378473 TI - Proteoglycan complex and proteoglycan subunit polydispersity. Study by isopycnic centrifugation in cesium sulfate density gradients. AB - A true isopycnic centrifugation method for the study of the bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan polydispersity is presented. The use of cesium sulfate as gradient forming salt instead of cesium chloride allowed proteoglycan banding without any sedimentation at the bottom of the centrifuge tube. Apparent buoyant densities of proteoglycan monomer and proteoglycan aggregate were different. The present method provides a useful tool for the study of proteoglycan polydispersity and also allows us to follow the distribution of the link proteins in different proteoglycan extracts. PMID- 7378474 TI - Circular dichroism study on structural reorganization of lectins by sodium dodecyl sulfate. AB - The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of lectins from Dolichos biflorus, Helix pomatia, Lotus tetragonolobus, Phaseolus vulgaris (erythroagglutinin), Pisum sativum, Sophora japonica, and Ulex europaeus I were analyzed, before and after the conformational transitions which were effected by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and change of pH. It was found that the pleated sheet conformation dominated in these lectins and that the best estimates of the amounts of the sheets can be made from the positive CD bands centered at 195 . 197 nm. The mean residue ellipticities of these bands in native lectins varied between 1.0 . 10(4) and 1.7 . 10(4) deg . cm2 . dmol-1. The conformation of the lectins was perturbed by SDS, which caused the CD bands related to the tyrosine and tryptophan chromophores to diminish and which also caused the reorganization of the main chains into new forms having approximately 15--40% of alpha-helix. Acid facilitated these transitions. The secondary structure of Ulex europaeus I lectin was resistant to SDS in neutral solutions but reorganization occurred in acid solutions. In Helix pomatia lectin the helices were formed chiefly from the aperiodic segments of the main chain. As structural perturbant, SDS was most effective at relatively high concentrations of 5 . 10(-3) to 5--10(-2) M, i.e. above the critical micelle concentration. Experiments with Pisum sativum and Sophora japonica lectins indicated that SDS below critical micelle concentration did not effect the tertiary structure of the lectins. PMID- 7378471 TI - Magnetic circular dichroism studies on the electronic configuration of catalase compounds I and II. AB - Absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectra of native catalase, compound I and compound II have been measured and the data compared with that observed previously for horseradish peroxidase. The native catalase data at pH 6.9 are characteristic of a high-spin ferric porphyrin and are similar to the data reported for the ferric myoglobin and ferric horseradish peroxidase at pH 7. Oxidation of native catalase by peroxoacetic acid forms the compound I species that is identified by its low absorbance in the 400 nm Soret region and a series of overlapping bands between 450 nm and 680 nm. The magnetic circular dichroism spectra of compound I of catalase closely resembles that previously obtained for horseradish peroxidase compound I. These results indicate that the ground state of the heme pi-system is the same in both catalase and horseradish peroxidase compound I species. The compound II data show that the ratio of the magnetic circular dichroism intensity for the Soret to alpha A terms is 0.5 which means that there is a redistribution of angular momentum between the pi* excited states that give rise to the Soret and alpha-bands compared with the horseradish peroxidase compound II data where the ratio of the analogous A term intensities has a value of about 3. In addition, the magnetic CD spectra of both the catalase and horseradish peroxidase compound II species are reminiscent of typical metalloporphyrin spectra which lack charge-transfer transitions and where the metal d-orbitals are decoupled from the porphyrin pi-system. PMID- 7378476 TI - The amino acid sequence of pea (Pisum sativum) leghemoglobin. AB - The amino acid sequence has been determined for leghemoglobin component I from root nodules of pea, Pisum sativum. Pea leghemoglobin is one polypeptide chain composed of 147 amino acids, it contains one methionine residue at position 144, and three histidines, which are at positions 60, 92 and 101. The sequence has at least seven polymorphic residues, but it was not possible to separate the polymorphic protein forms which had identical electric charge. The approximate molecular weight of pea leghemoglobin component I is 16,350. The other major leghemoglobin component (II) from pea has an amino acid composition very similar to that of leghemoglobin component I, suggesting that the gene has duplicated relatively recently. P. sativum leghemoglobin differs from that of Vicia faba by 22--23%, depending on the polymorphic form. The leghemoglobins from Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max differ from pea leghemoglobin by 35--44%, and Lupinus luteus leghemoglobins differ from it by 45--48%. The seven leghemoglobins so far sequenced have 50 residues (33%) which are common to all. PMID- 7378475 TI - Resonance Raman and coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering spectra of flavin derivatives. Vibrational assignments and the zwitterionic structure of 8 methylamino-riboflavin. AB - Resonance Raman and coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering spectra are reported for flavins modified by deprotonation at N3 and by CH substitution for N1, N3 and N5, using laser excitation in resonance with the visible electronic transition. Vibrational shifts are used to make qualitative assignments of the observed vibrational modes. Both 8-CH3NH- and ionized 8-OH-riboflavin were found to give markedly different spectra patterns form flavin itself; this observation supports a partial zwitterionic structure for the 8-CH3NH derivatives. PMID- 7378477 TI - [Thermal acclimation in poikilothermic animals]. PMID- 7378478 TI - Ionophore-mediated cation translocation in artificial systems. II. - X537A mediated calcium and sodium translocation. AB - The ionophore X537A translocates both calcium and sodium from an aqueous into an organic solution. At non saturating cationic concentrations, each atom of calcium seems to react with two molecules of ionophore, whereas each atom of sodium apparently reacts with only one molecule of X537A. The phenomena of sodium and calcium translocation, respectively, are competitive and are both inhibited when the pH of the aqueous phase is decreased. PMID- 7378479 TI - Lipid changes in the normal proximal and distal stumps of the rat sciatic nerve and during Wallerian degeneration. AB - The lipid composition of normal proximal and distal stumps of the rat sciatic nerve was studied. The highest lipid content was found in the proximal stump. A parallel decrease of lipid phosphorus, free cholesterol, and galactose contents were observed in both stumps until the 30th day of degeneration. 60 days after nerve section, the investigated parameters increased again in the proximal stump, but remaining, however below the normal values. During the same period, no such increase was found in the distal stumps. Phospholipids decreased in the proximal stump until 30 days after nerve section and increased thereafter. In the distal stumps, the phospholipids decreased sharply at 15 days after nerve section and their levels remained very low thereafter. PMID- 7378480 TI - Synthesis of collagen in ob 17 preadipocyte cell line. PMID- 7378481 TI - [Chromatography, delipidation and formation of rhodopsin phospholipid recombinants of wall-eyed pollock]. PMID- 7378482 TI - [Phosphorylation of creatine and the membrane potential of heart mitochondria]. AB - The method of penetrating ions was used to measure the membrane potential and to study the creatine phosphokinase reaction in rat heart mitochondria. The concentration of adenine nucleotides in the intermembrane space at different levels of the membrane potential was estimated. The role of the diffusional layer adjacent to the inner membrane of heart mitochondria for coupling of the creatine phosphokinase reaction with oxidative phosphorylation is discussed. PMID- 7378483 TI - [Properties of alpha-chymotrypsin, covalently incorporated into polyacrylamide microgranules]. AB - Polyacrylamide beads (microgranules) containing covalently bound alpha chymotrypsin were obtained. An average diameter of the microgranules is 100--150 micrometers. Prior to the bead polymerization alpha-chymotrypsin was modified by acryloyl chloride. The efficiency of the microgranulated alpha-chymotrypsin action depends on the kinetic properties of the substrates used. The pH optimum for the microgranulated enzyme activity towards N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester is shifted by 1,5 units to the alkaline zone. The immobilized alpha-chymotrypsin is completely stable for 100 hrs at 50 degrees. PMID- 7378484 TI - [Heterogeneity of pituitary gonadotropin from sturgeons]. AB - A highly purified preparation of the pituitary gonadotropin of a chondrostean fish, sevryuga (Acipenser stellatus Pall.) has been shown to be homogeneous by criteria of molecular weight, sedimentation coefficient and by N-terminal amino acid analysis. On the contrary, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric fucusing have revealed a marked heterogeneity of the hormone preparation. The determination of gonadotropic activity (in vitro amphibian oocyte maturation test) has shown the similar specific activities of the differently charged hormone molecules. PMID- 7378486 TI - [Kinetics of formation of the enzyme-substrate complexes of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver microsomes]. AB - A spectrophotometric study of the kinetics of binding of I and II type substrates to cytochrome P-450 from rat liver microsomes has been carried out. The rates of binding of the substrates of type I to a low spin form of the enzyme and those of substrates of type II to a high spin form are approximately the same. The interaction of type II substrates with a low spin form of cytochrome P-450 occurs at a 15--20-fold lower rate. The dependence of initial reaction rates on substrate concentration describing the Michaelis equation suggests that the reaction occurs in more than one step both for type I and II substrates. The data obtained allowed to develop a two-step scheme of reactions, according to which the substrate in the first step rapidly and irreversibly interacts with the binding centers, which can be located both in the microsomal membrane and in cytochrome P-450. At the second stage the substrate in transferred into the active center of cytochrome P-450, resulting in a formation of complexes with specific optical properties. PMID- 7378487 TI - [Mechanism of opiate-induced permeability of mitochondrial membranes for potassium ions]. AB - Incubation of isolated rat liver mitochondria in the presence of morphine or its derivatives--methylmorphine, tecodine, ethylmorphine and nalorphine--results in disturbances of oxidative phosphorylation due to induction of permeability of mitochondrial membranes for potassium ions. The rate of state 4 respiration of rat liver mitochondria in the presence of opiates is increased only in a medium containing potassium ions. The opiates induce the efflux of K+ from deenergized mitochondria and accumulation of free fatty acids in mitochondria. However, morphine derivatives do not alter the permeability for potassium and electrical conductibility of artificial phospholipid membranes. It was suggested that opiates cause a formation of the potassium carrier in mitochondria by releasing Ca2+, which activate phospholipase A2. The effect of opiates increases with the increase of their hydrophobic properties. PMID- 7378488 TI - [Reassociation of rat DNA fractions]. AB - A method for direct registration of the first derivative of DNA reassociation kinetics in spectrophotometric cuvettes is proposed. Using this method, the rat liver DNA obtained by chromatography on hydroxyapatite was studied. The differential curves of reassociation and changes in hyperchromic spectra revealed the presence in the rat genome of 4 types of repeating sequences differing in their GC-content. A scheme of preparative separation of DNA with respect to the reassociation rate was developed. Three types of sequences repeating 3.10(5), 600 and 1 times in the genomes with the GC-content of 50, 42, and 33%, respectively, were obtained in a homogeneous state. The advantages of the differential method of registration of the kinetic curves for the study of DNA structure and calculation of fractionation schemes are discussed. PMID- 7378485 TI - [Comparative study of preparations of hirudin and "pseudohirudin"]. AB - In contrast to hirudin, "pseudohirudin", which is practically devoid of the antithrombin activity, is represented as associates of di- and trimers. The molecular weight of the "pseudohirudin" monomer is by 2000 less than that for hirudin. This corresponds to the 20 amino acid residues difference calculated from the total number of the amino acid residues. Changes in the amino acid composition consist in a higher content of dicarboxylic amino acids, isoleucine, lysine, tyrosine and cystein in the hirudin preparations. PMID- 7378489 TI - [Isolation of histones from the nuclei of the flagellatum Astasia longa]. AB - A new procedure for isolation of purified nuclear fraction from the cells of the phytoflagellatum Astasia longa has been developed. The resulting preparations were characterized in terms of their chemical composition. A method of isolation to total histone preparations from the nuclear fractions of A. longa based on the metabolic peculiarities of the phytoflagellatum has been developed. Pure histone fractions were obtained by intensive disruption and thorough washing of the nuclear fraction from the non-histone proteins with weak solutions of salts. The intensive proteolysis of the histones in the course of washing was stopped by an addition of the specific inhibitors of proteinases--phenylmethylsulfanylfluoride and pCMB (pH 7,8--8,0). The use of NaHSO3 or boiling of the nuclear fraction to suppress the histone proteolysis were found to be ineffective. Extraction of the histones by 1 M CaCl2 appeared more productive than the use of mineral acids solutions. The total histone preparation isolated under optimal conditions was found in the chromatin in amounts equivalent to those of DNA; its amino acid composition was typical for histones. During polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in an acidic system in the presence of urea the histones produced four main bands, whereas in the presence of DS-Na--five bands. In terms of the amino acid composition and electrophoretic properties in different systems the histones of A. longa are similar but not identical to calf thymus histones. PMID- 7378491 TI - [Content and properties of different classes of membrane-bound polyribosomes during embryogenesis in chickens]. AB - The quantitative ratio, chemical composition and sedimentation properties of three polyribosomal fractions (free polyribosomes and polyribosomes tightly and loosely bound to the endoplasmic reticulum) isolated from chicken embryos of different age were studied. The fraction of polyribosomes loosely bound to the membranes was obtained from the total preparation of membrane-bound polyribosomes by treatment with high ionic strength solutions. It was found that the polyribosomes loosely bound to the membranes and free polyribosomes possess similar chemical composition and sedimentation properties. All the fractions studied were characterized by a much higher polyribosomal content as compared to the 80S monomers. In the course of embryogenesis the amount of polyribosomes loosely bound to the membranes is decreased, whereas that of tightly bound ones is increased. These data are indicative of an enhanced synthesis of secreted proteins, particularly collagen, on tightly bound polyribosomes during embryogenesis in chicken. PMID- 7378490 TI - [Purification and properties of a releasing factor of polynucleotide phosphorylase from sarcoma M-1 of rat]. AB - A releasing factor (RF) of polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) isolated and purified from sarcoma M-1 of the rat is a protein with molecular weight of about 8000 and the isoelectric point at 4,0--4,2. The process of PNPase release from the polyribosomes of normal rat liver does not depend on the pH of the medium within the pH range of 7,2--9,0, on temperature within the interval of 0--400 degrees and on incubation time. Inhibition of phosphorolysis by endogenous RNA from normal rat liver polyribosomes requires considerable amounts of RF- approximately 170--800 molecules of RF per molecule of poly(A)+-mRNA. The data obtained suggest that PNPase release from the polyribosomes under the action of RF is not a catalytic process and is caused by competition between RF and PNPase for the binding sites on the mRNA molecule. PMID- 7378492 TI - [Immobilization of modified alpha-chymotrypsin within the structure of cellulose triacetate membranes]. AB - Immobilization of alpha-chymotrypsin on carboxymethyl esters of dextran (mol. weights of 60 000 and 100 000), whose macromolecules contain 2-amino-4-chloro-s triazine residues, results in water-soluble polymeric derivatives of alpha chymotrypsin, containing up to 60% of the enzyme. The activity of the immobilized enzyme makes up to 90% of the initial one. Using dextran blue as a matrix, a polymeric derivative of alpha-chymotrypsin, containing 9% of a chemically bound enzyme, which retains 20% of its initial activity, has been obtained in a similar way. The thermal stability of the enzyme increases during alpha-chymotrypsin linking to carmoxymethyl esters of dextran. The incorporation of alpha chymotrypsin into the triacetate cellulose membrane (CTA) during its formation results in a practically complete desorption of the enzyme from the membrane into 1 M NaCl. During incorporation of alpha-chymotrypsin linked to the carboxymethyl ester of dextran (mol. weight 60 000) into the CTA membrane the bulk of the modified enzyme is desorbed, whereas in the case of alpha-chymotrypsin linked to the carboxymethyl ester of dextran with mol. weight of 100 000 or to the blue dextran only an insignificant part of the enzyme is desorbed. The thermal stability of alpha-chymotrypsin and the labile form of the enzyme linked to the carboxymethyl ester of dextran with mol. weight of 100 000 increases during the enzyme incorporation into the CTA membrane. PMID- 7378493 TI - [Evaluation of the degree of tryptophan residue immersion into the lipid phase of low density serum lipoproteins]. AB - Based on the theory of inductive resonance energy transfer, it was demonstrated that in a two-phase waterlipid system the efficiency of the transfer from the donor to the acceptor, which is evenly distributed in the lipid phase, depends on the donor localization with respect to the interface. The inductive resonance energy transfer from the tryptophane residues of protein of low density serum lipoproteins (LDL) to the pyrene fluorescent probe distributed in the lipid phase of LDL was studied. The degree of immersion of the tryptophane residues with respect to the LDL surface is 11,6 +/- 2,6 A. Among the existing models of LDL where the proteins are localized at 20--80 A above the particle surface or are arranged in a monolayer on the particle surface, the first one does not coincide with the experimental data, whereas the second one agrees well with them. PMID- 7378494 TI - [pH-dependence of tryptophan ethyl ester hydrolysis by alpha-chymotrypsin]. AB - The hydrolysis of L-tryptophane ethyl ester catalyzed by alpha-chymotrypsin and the effect of ethyl ster of D-tryptophane on the course of the reaction were studied. A kinetic pattern of a three-step enzymatic reaction based on the assumption that the enzyme complex with the protonated form of the substrate is the only reactive one, was proposed. It was shown that the limiting step of the enzymatic reaction consists in a formation of intermediate acyl enzyme. The pH dependence of the bimolecular rate constant (kcat/Km) for the enzymatic hydrolysis of L-tryptophane ethyl ester is bell-shaped and is described by a pattern including ionization of two groups with pKa values of 7,0 +/- 0,1; and 7,5 +/- 0,1; the value of pKa equal to 7,5 +/- 0,1 corresponds to substrate ionization (pKas for the amino group of L-tryptophane ethyl ester is 7,6). The constants for the binding of protonated and non-protonated substrate forms by the enzyme were calculated from the step-wise dependence of the Km values of pH. An analysis of the bell-shaped dependence of the catalytic constant of enzymatic hydrolysis included determination of pK values of the ionogenic groups of the enzyme--substrate complex (pK'a = 6,8 +/- 0,1 and pK''a = 7,3 +/- 0,1). PMID- 7378495 TI - [Isolation and properties of DNA polymerase from extreme thermophylic bacteria Thermus aquaticus YT-1]. AB - A DNA polymerase has been isolated from the thermophylic bacteria Thermus aquaticus YT-1. The six-step purification procedure resulted in an electrophoretically homogeneous enzyme preparation with molecular weight of about 62 000. The enzyme does not contain contaminant exo- and endonuclease activities and has a temperature optimum on the DNA templates at 70 degress and that on RNA matrices at 50 degrees. The maximal activity of the enzyme requires the presence of bivalent cations (magnesium or manganese) 0,1--0,2 M KCl or NaCl, all deoxynucleoside triphosphates and template in the incubation mixture. The enzyme is active when "activated" DNA, poly(dA)-poly(dT), poly(dA)-oligo(dT)10 and poly(rA)-oligo(dT)10 are used as templates and is inactive on the native and denaturated DNAs as well as on the native molecules of RNA and poly(rC) oligo(dG)12--180. PMID- 7378496 TI - [Soluble high molecular weight derivatives of pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. Modification of pancreatic trypsin inhibitor by soluble polysaccharides activated by titanium tetrachloride]. AB - The activation of soluble polysaccharide matrices by titan tetrachloride was studied. A method for obtaining soluble preparations of pancreatic trypsin inhibitor bound to the activated polysaccharide matrix completely retaining its inhibiting activity was developed. It was shown that the equilibrium and kinetic constants for association of modified preparations of pancreatic inhibitor with commercial trypsin did not practically differ from those for native inhibitor. It was found that modification by titan tetrachloride-activated polysaccharides stabilized the protein molecule. PMID- 7378498 TI - [Regulation of alpha and beta/gamma-thrombin activity by heparin and indole]. AB - Indole was shown to stimulate TAME hydrolysis by alpha-thrombin with KA=7,7 mM, alpha=0,55, beta=1,5 and that by beta/gamma-thrombin with KA=9,5 mM, alpha=0,47 and beta=2,08. Indole promotes both the formation and transformation of the enzyme-substrate complex. No effect of substrate activation was observed in the presence of indole, which suggests the identity of the binding sites of indole and the added TAME molecule. Heparin was shown to form an equimolar stoicheometric complex with both alpha- and beta/gamma-thrombin, which results in 40% inhibition of the TAME-esterase, clotting and prothrombinolytic activities of alpha-thrombin and 25% and 40% inhibition of the TAME-esterase and prothrombinolytic activity of beta/gamma-thrombin, respectively. The fact that alpha- and beta/gamma-thrombin partially retain their catalytic properties even at a 5-fold molar excess of the inhibitor indicates that heparin binds to the thrombin molecule at a site other than the active center. Heparin does not prevent the effect of substrate activation at high TAME concentrations. This finding suggests that the localization of binding sites of heparin and the added TAME molecule (and, therefore, indole) in the thrombin molecule is different. PMID- 7378497 TI - [Preparation of peptide maps of sheep fetus haptoglobin using immobilized trypsin]. AB - A comparison of peptide maps of sheep foetus haptoglobin (Hp) phenotypes revealed a significant difference in 6 peptides. The map of multicomponent Hp2 shows the presence of a group of neutral peptides, which was absent in the case of a single component Hp1. This difference is probably due to the presence of the alpha subunit in Hp2. PMID- 7378499 TI - [Reconstitution of succinate-ubiquinone reductase of the respiratory chain of mitochondria]. AB - A soluble protein fraction, which confers the reactivity of soluble succinate dehydrogenase towards ubiquinone, was isolated from beef heart mitochondria. This fraction contains three polypeptides as revealed by SDS-electrophoresis; the major peptide (about 80% of protein) has a molecular weight less than 13 000. Several properties of the reconstituted succinate-ubiquinone reductase, i. e. the turnover number of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor sensitivity, stability and reactivity towards artificial electron acceptors were found to be identical to those of the native succinate-ubiquinone region of the respiratory chain. A model of the minimal functionally active structure capable of reduction of ubiquinone by succinate is proposed. PMID- 7378500 TI - [Kinetics and mechanism of inactivation and reactivation of immobilized luciferase from fireflies Luciola mingrelica and the role of sulfhydryl in these processes]. AB - The role of SH-groups of the enzyme in the catalytic and inactivation processes of soluble and immobilized on Sepharose 4B luciferase from the fireflies Luciola mingrelica was studied. A significant role of SH-groups of the soluble and immobilized enzyme was established by titrating the enzyme with 5,5'-dithiobis-2 nitrobenzoic acid. It was shown that the rate of inactivation of immobilized luciferase is limited by oxidation of the SH-groups of the enzyme; therefore dithiothreitol effectively protects the immobilized enzyme against inactivation. The kinetics of inactivation and reactivation of immobilized luciferase in the presence of dithiothreitol were studied. Dithiothreitol had no protective effect on soluble luciferase, which is indicative of another limiting step of inactivation of soluble luciferase. A mechanism of inactivation of Luciola mingrelica luciferase is proposed. The kinetic pattern of these processes is postulated and the rate constants of individual steps of inactivation of luciferase immobilized on Sepharose 4B were determined. PMID- 7378501 TI - [Extinction coefficient of thyroglobulin]. AB - The extinction coefficient at 280 nm of the solution (pH 7,2-7,4) of thyroglobulin from normal thyroid and nodular euthyroid goiter was measured with the values of 0,6-0,7 to 0,9 ml.mg-1.cm-1. The value of E1%280 as function of the iodoamino acid content depends on the morphological state of the thyroid gland. A simple method for determination of the E1%280 value by measuring of the protein absorption spectrum is proposed. PMID- 7378502 TI - [Interaction of rabbit muscle creatine kinase with a reactive ATP derivative-ATP gamma-4(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methyl-amino)-benzylamidate]. AB - The interaction of AGP gamma-4(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methyl-amino)-benzylamidate with rabbit muscle creatine kinase was studied. ATP gamma-4-(N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-methyl amino)-benzylamidate acts as competitive inhibitor of creatine kinase. The Km value for ATP and the Ki value for the gamma-analog have been determined. A complete inactivation is observed when 1 mole of the reagent binds per 1 mole of the enzyme. The modification of the second subunit of creatine kinase is achieved at higher concentrations of the reactive ATP analog. The reactive ATP derivative is shown to be an affinity reagent for this enzyme. The possibility of interaction between the subunits of creatine kinase is discussed. PMID- 7378503 TI - [Isolation, purification and properties of acid ribonuclease from the lysosomal fraction of silkworm eggs]. AB - Acid ribonuclease (ribonucleate-3'-oligonucleotide hydrolase, EC 3.1.4.23) has been isolated from the lysosomal fraction of Bombyx mori eggs. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 4,7 and a molecular weight of 17 000 +/- 1000; the isoelectric point of the enzyme lies around 6,0. The enzyme splits RNA and poly(U) down to nucleoside-3'-phosphates to form intermediates--nucleoside-2',3'-cyclophosphates. Polyadenylic acid is hydrolyzed in the presence of the enzyme down to oligonucleotides. Mg2+ suppress the enzyme activity. PMID- 7378504 TI - [pH dependence of tryptophan ethyl ester hydrolysis]. AB - The dependence of the rate of spontaneous hydrolysis of tryptophan ethyl ester within a wide range of pH (4,6-10,3) was studied. This dependence was found to differ from other dependences, i.e. within the pH range of 4,6-7,0 the value of the rate constant is practically independent on pH. In order to describe the dependence obtained a general pattern of hydrolysis was postulated and the kinetic parameters of individual elementary reactions were determined. The rate constants for the hydrolysis of the amino acid with a non-protonated amino group of ester was calculated using the literary values for the rate constants of carboxylic acid hydrolysis. The obtained values of the second order rate constants for the alkaline hydrolysis of non-protonated and protonated forms of tryptophane ester (k4 and k5) are 1,1 and 79 M-1 s-1, respectively; those for the hydrolysis of the protonated form of the substrate (k3) are 1,0.10(-5) M-1 s-1. The role of spontaneous (non-enzymatic) hydrolysis in stereoselective cleavage of amino acid esters is discussed. PMID- 7378507 TI - [Purification of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria]. AB - Isolation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from bovine adrenal cortex and its purification including fractionation by polyethyleneglycol, ultracentrifugation and gel filtration on Sepharose 4B is described. The preparation obtained having the specific activity of 4,5 U/mg was purified 370 fold with a yield of 37%. Under polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is degraded into 4 protein fractions with the mobility corresponding to the molecular weights of 74 000, 56 000, 42 000 and 37 000. PMID- 7378505 TI - [Effect of lactate and glycolytic intermediates on muscle creatine kinase]. AB - Inhibition of rabbit muscle creatine kinase by lactate, glucose-6-phosphate and PEP occurs immediately and depends on the concentration of the effectors and enzyme properties. Desensitization of creatine kinase to these effectors is described. Partial desensitization to G-6-P and lactate occurs after the enzyme preincubation with dithiothreitol. A complete loss of sensitivity to lactate and a significant loss of sensitivity to G-6-P and PEP occurs after the enzyme storage at -15 degrees during several weeks. The data obtained support our previously made assumption on the allosteric regulation of the MM isoenzyme of creatine kinase. PMID- 7378508 TI - [Isolation, purification and some properties of tyrosine-phenol-lyase from Citrobacter freundii cells]. AB - A new procedure for isolation of tyrosine-phenol-lyase from the cells of C. freundii strain 62 allowing to obtain a highly purified enzyme with a high yield at a reduced time expenditure has been developed. The procedure described differs from the well-known method for isolation of the enzyme from the cells of Escherichia intermedia and Erwinia herbicola. Some properties of the enzyme from C. freundii 62, e.g. stability, dependence of the enzyme activity on some mono- and bivalent cations and pH- and temperature dependences of the enzyme have been studied. It was shown that the enzyme is activated by NH4+, K+, Na+ and is inhibited by Ca2+, Cu2+ and Mg2+. The enzyme loses up to 50% of its activity upon storage in glycerol with 2-mercaptoethanol during 1,5 months at -18 degrees. PMID- 7378509 TI - [Properties of membrane lipids from maize coleoptiles]. AB - The content and composition of lipids from the subcellular fractions of maize coleoptiles were studied. The membrane fractions were obtained by differential centrifugation and a subsequent separation in sucrose density gradient. The fractions enriched with plasmalemma, Golgi vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum were identified with some marker enzymes. The structure and lipid composition of the fractions obtained were determined. It was shown that sterins and their esters, as well as polar lipids and glycerides (mono- and triglycerides) are the main lipid components of the membrane fractions. In terms of the lipid, steroid and phospholipid composition the membranes can be arranged in the following order: plasmalemma greater than endoplasmic reticulum greater than Golgi vesicles greater than mitochondria. PMID- 7378506 TI - [Structural and functional characteristics of the photosynthetic apparatus of the mutants Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh]. AB - The mutants Arabidopsis thaliana triplex and 58/15 with a high and low content of green pigments, respectively, and a higher rate of photosynthesis in comparison with the control form of Enkheim were studied. The significant differences in the structural organization of chloroplasts of both mutants were revealed. The two mutants are also characterized by a higher rate of ferricyanide reduction in the Hill reaction and ATP production via photophosphorylation. It was shown that mg2+, NH4Cl and (ADP + Pi) have different effects on the activity of these processes in different chloroplasts. On the whole the photosyntheic apparatus of mutants provides for a high efficiency of photosynthesis, while determines the survival of mutant 58/15 under pigment deficiency and increases the productivity of triplex mutant. PMID- 7378511 TI - [Kidney DNA replication in rats of various ages]. AB - Incorporation of [3H]thymidine into newly formed single- and double-stranded kidney DNA fractions isolated from rats of different age has been studied. The conversion of labelled single-stranded DNA into a double-stranded one, a decrease of relative radioactivity of single-stranded DNA and an increase in the specific radioactivity of double-stranded DNA are less intensive in older animals as compared to the adult ones. PMID- 7378510 TI - [Alkaline DNAse from rat brain]. AB - A DNAse was isolated from rat brain and purified 1100-fold using affinity chromatography on a column with DNA-agarose and chromatography on granulated hydroxyapatite. The electrophoretically pure Mg2+, Mn2+-dependent enzyme preparation hydrolyzes the denaturated DNA with a maximal activity at pH 8,4. The optimal terminal concentration of Mg2+ corresponds to the Mg/phosphorus molar ratio of the substrate is 1:2. For Mn2+ this correlation is 1:1. Using the immobilized substrate method, the exonuclease type of DNAse activity has been established. The enzyme activity depends on the state of its SH-groups; the reaction is inhibited by pCMB. The molecular weight of DNAase as determined by gel-filtration through Sephadex G-200 is equal to 60 000. PMID- 7378514 TI - Toward effective psychological intervention. PMID- 7378513 TI - [Potentiometric study of redox systems of human erythrocytes using potassium ferricyanide]. AB - It was shown that the rate of potassium ferricyanide reduction in erythrocyte suspension recorded potentionmetrically depends on the activity of redox systems of erythrocytes. The rate of this process is increased after an addition of glucose, methylene blue and ascorbate. A sharp decline of the level of reducing equivalents in the hexose monophosphate pathway by tretbutylhydroperoxide stops the ferricyanide reduction. It is concluded that the hexose monophosphate shunt is a source of reducing equivalents for ferricyanide reduction. Ascorbic acid and methylene blue act as "carriers" of the reducing equivalents across the membrane and provide for the reduction of ferricyanide, i.e. compound, which does not penetrate the cell. PMID- 7378512 TI - [Electron-transport chain of photosynthesis: Inactivation mechanism and stabilization]. AB - The mechanism of inactivation of the electron-transport chain of chloroplasts within the framework of a previously described kinetic model based on two steps, i.e. activation of the electron-transport chain and its irreversible inactivation, was studied. It was found that activation results from a decrease in the transmembrane gradient of pH on the photosynthetic membrane during inactivation. The kinetics of irreversible inactivation of different parts of the electron-transport chain of chloroplasts were studied. The water decompositon system was shown to be the most labile part of the chain (at a point lying before the carrier accepting the electrons from 1,5-diphenylcarbazide). The inactivation kinetics of the electron-transport chain of chloroplasts under different environmental conditions were studied. The stabilizing effects of definite concentrations of hydrogens ions, glycerol and bovine serum albumin were demonstrated. The mechanisms of these effects are discussed. A 200-fold stabilization of the chloroplasts with respect to their irreversible inactivation due to optimization of the medium was achieved. PMID- 7378515 TI - Neurological abnormalities in schizophrenic patients. AB - A test for graphethesia and the face-hand test were performed on 84 schizophrenic inpatients: 8% of the acute-subacute group vs. 49% of the subchronic-chronic group were abnormal (p less than 0.001). Abnormalities tended to be more pronounced on the right hand, consistent with other recent lateralization findings suggesting that schizophrenia involves the left cerebral hemisphere. Those patients with positive findings had been psychotic longer and were more likely to have been referred to a psychiatrist prior to age 17. The possibility of drug-related symptoms remains a confounding issue. No differences between those who tested positive and negative were found for family history of schizophrenia, history of childhood CNS infection or trauma, premorbid asociality, CSF, EEG, or computerized axial tomography scan findings. PMID- 7378516 TI - Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and the augmenting-reducing response. AB - In 84 consecutively admitted inpatients, as well as in 7 healthy volunteers, visual evoked potential to stimuli of varying intensities and serum DBH activity were determined. Patients with an augmenting (Aug.) response, i.e., a tendency to enlarge the perception of stimulation, were found to have the lowest serum DBH activities. As Aug. patients have earlier been shown to have low levels of HVA in CSF, indicating a low turnover in the dopaminergic systems in the CNS, the results indicate that the genetic factor determining the serum DBH activity may in some way also reflect the dopaminergic turnover in CNS. PMID- 7378518 TI - Normalization of dexamethasone suppression test: a laboratory index of recovery from endogenous depression. AB - Carroll et al. reported that an abnormal dexamethasone suppression test (DST) may identify approximately 50% of endogenous depressives and that normalization of the test occurs with clinical recovery. Brown et al. and Schlesser et al. have confirmed the diagnostic utility of the test. A preliminary study suggested that when the DST failed to normalize at discharge, patients were at high risk for early relapse. In this study, we compared ten unipolar or bipolar endogenous depressives who had an abnormal DST on admission and a normal DST at discharge, with four patients whose abnormal DST on admission failed to convert at discharge. On all measures, those whose DST fail to convert showed substantially less improvement. Patients whose DST fail to normalize may have incomplete resolution of their underlying depressive process. Despite clinical judgment that discharge may be appropriate these patients may require further active treatment. Use of the DST prior to discharge may help discriminate between patients whose remaining symptoms reflect situational or psychosocial problems and those with a continuing endogenomorphic process. PMID- 7378517 TI - Alcoholism and genetics: possible biological mediators. AB - This paper attempts to make a limited number of points: First, there are enough data indicating a probable genetic propensity in alcoholism to justify prospective studies. Second, such studies are a logical way to attempt to differentiate between factors which predispose an individual towards alcoholism and those biological and psychological changes which result from many years of heavy drinking. Third, this type of approach can be used in biological, psychological, or sociological spheres. Because this type of research is relatively expensive and time-consuming, we have attempted to gather information on as many relevant factors as possible, making our final decision about which specific factors are to be tested through a balance of how much sense they make, how easy they are to test, and how well they combine into a test battery. Our present study will not answer questions definitively but will help point us towards those investigations in the future which are most likely to pay off. Other investigators are encouraged to use a similar approach. PMID- 7378519 TI - Differential lethality of lithium isotopes in mice. PMID- 7378520 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in affective disorder. PMID- 7378521 TI - Chronic neuroleptics and brain monoamine oxidase activity. PMID- 7378523 TI - Brain slow potentials and hypnosis. AB - Contingent negative variation behavior was studied in 12 voluntary normal subjects in basal conditions and in the hypnotic trance state under different emotional suggestions. A CNV voltage decrease and the appearance of a PINV were observed in the hypnotic state. Furthermore 12 nonhypnotizable control subjects were tested under the same experimental conditions and no CNV modification was found. PMID- 7378522 TI - Sex ratio of siblings of psychiatric patients. AB - The sex ratio of the full siblings was examined for 279 patients with schizophrenia, 416 with affective psychosis, and 1259 patients with other psychiatric diagnoses. An overall excess of brothers was found, but there was no significant difference in the sibling ratio between any of the diagnostic groups. The excess of brothers probably reflects the pattern of live births in the general population. PMID- 7378524 TI - Influence of month of birth on the serum hormone concentrations and weights of the accessory sex organs and testes during maturation of the male laboratory rat. PMID- 7378525 TI - The porcine ovarian follicle. VI. Comparison of fatty acid composition of serum and follicular fluid at different developmental stages. PMID- 7378526 TI - Suprachiasmatic lesions prevent an antigonadal effect of melatonin. PMID- 7378527 TI - Genetic and social modifications of mating patterns of mice. PMID- 7378528 TI - Infanticide and pregnancy failure: reproductive strategies in the female collared lemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus). PMID- 7378529 TI - Effect of exogenous prolactin on peripheral luteinizing hormone levels in ovariectomized cows. PMID- 7378530 TI - Absence of a prelabor relaxin surge in women. PMID- 7378533 TI - Blocked sexual receptivity in grouped female golden hamsters: independence from ovarian function and continuous group maintenance. PMID- 7378531 TI - Further evidence suggesting the hormonal stimulation of hamster sperm acrosome reactions by catecholamines in vitro. PMID- 7378532 TI - Source of circulating progesterone in prepubertal ewes. PMID- 7378534 TI - Calcium concentration in cumulus enclosed oocytes of rats after treatment with pregnant mares serum. PMID- 7378536 TI - Prepubertal sensitivity to melatonin in male hamsters. PMID- 7378535 TI - Effects of in vivo prostaglandin F2 alpha administration on in vitro progesterone synthesis by bovine corpora lutea. PMID- 7378537 TI - Changes in the testes and epididymides of rabbits following long term vasectomy or vasocystostomy: correlation with results of vasovasostomy. PMID- 7378538 TI - Structural chemistry of outer dense fibers of rat sperm. PMID- 7378539 TI - Effects of pituitary grafts on testosterone stimulated growth of rat prostate. PMID- 7378540 TI - Ovulation, ovum maturation and changes in plasma and adrenal progesterone concentrations in the musk shrew (Suncus murinus). PMID- 7378541 TI - Increase in Leydig cell number in testes of adult rats treated chronically with an excess of human chorionic gonadotropin. PMID- 7378542 TI - Effects of estrogen on prolactin (PRL) incorporation by lutein and milk secretory cells and on pituitary PRL secretion in the postpartum rat: correlations with target cell responsiveness to PRL. PMID- 7378543 TI - Incorporation of endogenous prolactin by granulosa cells and dictyate oocytes in the postpartum rat: effects of estrogen. PMID- 7378544 TI - Simulation methods for protein structure fluctuations. PMID- 7378545 TI - Fluctuations of protein structure as expressed in the distribution of hydrogen exchange rate constants. PMID- 7378546 TI - Fluorescent-labeled collagen: age-related differences and fluorescence changes during the lag phase of fibril formation. PMID- 7378547 TI - A quantitative test of Zimm's model for the rotor-speed-department sedimentation of linear DNA molecules. PMID- 7378548 TI - Effects of pH and ionic strength on the structure of collagen fibrils. PMID- 7378550 TI - Characterization of multiple bends in proteins. PMID- 7378549 TI - Linked and threaded loops in proteins. PMID- 7378551 TI - Undulipodia, flagella and cilia. AB - The term flagella is ambiguous. It refers to bacterial structures composed of flagellin protein and to eukaryotic structures composed of microtubule proteins and ATPase (tubulin and dynein). The fact that cilia are nearly identical to eukaryotic flagella and have nothing in common with prokaryotic flagella is not apparent from the terminology. It is proposed that the 30-year old suggestion of Smagina and reiterated by Kuznicki and others, be adopted: that cilia and eukaryotic flagella be called "undulipodia." The term flagella ought to be restricted to prokaryotic organelles, bacterial flagella and spirochaete axial filaments: solid structures composed of flagellin which protrude through the plasma membrane and lack intrinsic motility throughout their length. Undulipodia are defined as intrinsically motile intracellular structures showing a 9-fold symmetry in the pattern of arrangement of 24 nm diameter microtubules. They are limited to eukaryotes, members of the protoctist, animal and plant kingdoms. PMID- 7378552 TI - Objection to "undulipodium" as an inappropriate and unnecessary term. PMID- 7378553 TI - What controls atmospheric oxygen? PMID- 7378554 TI - What controls atmospheric oxygen? PMID- 7378555 TI - Somatic Darwinism in vivo. PMID- 7378556 TI - The evolution of pigmented and unpigmented unicells--a reconsideration of the Protista. PMID- 7378557 TI - Enzymatic biosynthesis of cephalexin. AB - The reaction kinetics of the enzymatic synthesis of cephalexin from 7 aminodeacetoxy cephalosporanic acid and phenylglycine methylester was studied using the synthesizing enzyme obtained from Xanthomonas citri. The activation energy, Km values for 7-aminodeacetoxy cephalosporanic acid and phenylglycine methylester, and Ki value for phenylglycine methylester were determined as 8.63 kcal/mol, 3.7mM, 14.5mM, and 70mM, respectively. The enzyme was found to be constitutive and susceptible to deactivation. PMID- 7378558 TI - [Mechanism of the contractile function of masseter muscles in experimental rat botulism]. AB - Injection of the sublethal dose of botulinic toxin into one of the masseter muscles produces muscle weakness and impaired occlusion. The membrane polarization rate and action potential decrease primarily in high polarized muscle fibers of the injured muscle. Meanwhile the function of low polarized fibers does not undergo any significant changes. PMID- 7378559 TI - [Effect of adaptation to altitude hypoxia on the nonspecific immunity indices, production of hemagglutinins and development of adjuvant arthritis in rats]. AB - It was established in rat experiments that adaptation to altitude hypoxia leads to the enhancement of immune response to sheep red blood cells and to an increase in the serum lysozyme level. Adaptation to altitude hypoxia also suppresses adjuvant arthritis and prevents arthritis-induced inhibition of antibody production. PMID- 7378560 TI - [Lipoperoxidation in the hyperactive focus of rat cerebral cortex]. AB - The possibility of participation of lipoperoxidation (LPO) in the mechanisms of development of epileptic activity in rat cerebral cortex has been shown. The appearance of epileptic activity after penicillin application to the sensorimotor cortex induced a considerable increase in the concentration of LPO products in the crude synaptosomal fraction from the hyperactive focus. Preliminary injection to rats of the antioxidant alpha-tocopherol abolished the effect of LPO activation and decreased the number of seizures recorded on the electrocorticogram in the course of the focus existence. PMID- 7378561 TI - [Lipoperoxidation in eye tissues exposed to hormones]. AB - The effect of hormones of varied action spectrum on lipoperoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the eye tissues has been studied. Both antioxidant and prooxidant action of diverse hormones on the sclera, cornea and ciliary body has been demonstrated with respect to the hormonal dose, exposure time and other factors. Potential participation of lipoperoxidation processes in the development of ophthalmopatholody is discussed. PMID- 7378562 TI - [Role of antioxidants in regulation of lipid peroxidation in preserved tissues under prolonged storage]. AB - The effect of natural and artificial antioxidants on accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in preserved tissues under prolonged storage was studied. It is established that after the expiration date established for each method of preservation, the intensity of lipid peroxidation progresses from the low level to the self-accelerating regime. This crucial transition emerges much more later with the application of antioxidants. Of antioxidants tested, vitamin E and propylgallate proved the most effective ones. PMID- 7378563 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of the efficacy of pharmacological agents in adrenaline induced heart injury]. AB - It has been established that the protective or adrenaline heart injury enhancing effect of pharmacological agents manifests by regular shortening or prolongation of the time required for eosinophilia appearance as compared with the time it appears during administration of adrenalipe alone. This regularity lies at the basis of the quantitative evaluation of the efficacy of pharmacological agents in heart injury. PMID- 7378565 TI - [Intrahepatic circulation of 14C-phenazepam and its metabolites in albino rats]. AB - Excretion of phenazepam and its metabolites into the bile and their intrahepatic circulation were studied in experiments on rats, bile donors, who were preliminarily injected 14C-phenazepam (14 mg/kg) intravenously and on recipients who were administered the donor's bile intraduodenally. It was shown that phenazepam (compound I) and its 3-hydroxymetabolite (compound III) are excreted into the bile of the animals. Hydroxyl derivatives are excreted with the bile as glucuronides. Compounds I and III and glucuronide III undergo intrahepatic circulation. PMID- 7378566 TI - [Search for virus-specified sequences in DNA of cells persistently infected by rabies virus]. AB - Hybridization of high specific activity 3H-cDNA probe or 3H-RNA of rabies virus with cell DNA did not reveal the presence of virus-specific sequencies in DNA of rabies virus persistently infected BHK 21/13S and HEp-2 cells. Transfection experiments with susceptible cells with DNA isolated from persistently infected cultures also brought negative results. PMID- 7378564 TI - [Effect of sodium hydroxybutyrate on the ammonia level in the rat muscles under physical exercise]. AB - The experiments on rats exposed to compulsory swimming have shown the normalizing effect of sodium hydroxybutyrate with respect to one of the biochemical indices of physical overwork: the ammonia level in cross-striated muscles. In control rats who had not received the drug, the swimming induced a significant (more than twofold) increase in the muscle tissue ammonia level, whereas animals preventively treated with sodium hydroxybutyrate (single administration or two week course) demonstrated no ammonia accumulation. It is suggested that sodium hydroxybutyrate preventing the toxic effect of one of the end products of nitrogen metabolism may reduce afteraction of muscular overwork. PMID- 7378567 TI - [Phenomenon of secondary immunodeficiency in the use of antilymphocytic serum]. AB - Studies on immune reactions of the cellular and humoral types in late periods after administering antilymphocytic serum (ALS) showed that CBA mice preserve deficiency of humoral response to sheep red blood cells. Repeated administration of ALS aggravated depression of the humoral immune response and virtually did not affect the survival of allotransplants. The evidence obtained is discussed with due regard for ALS effect on immunity and for the role of diverse mechanisms of the rejection reaction. PMID- 7378569 TI - [Effect of acute hypoxic hypoxia on the lung air-blood barrier thickness]. AB - Mean arithmetic and mean harmonic thickness of the lung air-blood barrier (ABB) and its component layers were studied in rats of different age groups normally and after inspiration for 30 min of a gas mixtures of N2 and 11.2% O2 by means of the morphometric analysis of electron microphotographs. Acute hypoxic hypoxia provokes an increase in ABB thickness, more pronounced in younger age groups. The ratio of ABB layers' thickness under hypoxia varied in different age groups. The data obtained suggest age-specific features of the mechanism of arterial hypoxemia development in acute hypoxic hypoxia. PMID- 7378568 TI - [Cooperation of antigens, immunoglobulins, complement and antimicrobial enzymes in the regulation of blood granulocyte locomotion]. AB - The cooperation of specific and nonspecific factors of humoral immunity in the regulation of granulocyte locomotion was studied. Bacterial antigens of dental plaque, immunoglobulins, lysozyme, peroxidase, ribonuclease and trypsin were found to moderately stimulate chemotaxis and granulocyte chemokinesis. Of these, the most pronounced chemotactic effect is induced by ribonuclease and chemokinetic one by lysozyme. The strongest chemotactic stimulus is generated during activation of complement by the classical pathway. Production of the complement chemotactic factor by the classical pathway was dramatically increased by lysozyme and decreased by ribonuclease and trypsin. The treatment of granulocytes with antimicrobial enzymes diminishes their susceptibility to the chemotactic factor. PMID- 7378570 TI - [Polyploidization of hepatocytes under different regimens of rat liver exposed to CCl4]. AB - Polyploidization of hepatocytes in albino rats subjected to continuous and intermittent exposure to CCl4 has been studied karyometrically. It has been shown that polyploidization as a response to the exposure of chlorderivatives of hydrocarbons is determined by hepatotoxin toxicity related to the number of chlorine atoms in the molecule and to the character of the exposure involving route, dose and regimen of exposure. PMID- 7378571 TI - [Histogenesis of the thyroid gland in cultivation in diffusion chambers]. AB - The histogenesis regularities and sources of the thyroid gland regeneration in white rats and steppe tortoises under conditions of auto- and allotransplantation in diffusion chambers are described. Dynamics of the reactive changes indicates the heterogenous character of morphofunctional differentiation of the thyroid structures. Differences in the adaptive plastic rearrangement of the thyroid gland of the vertebrates studied are related to the hystogenesis rate and depend on evolutionally fixed stability of the tissue to hypoxic state. PMID- 7378572 TI - [Ultrastructure of the adrenal cortex in burn disease]. AB - Submicroscopic changes in adrenocorticocytes and sinusoid capillaries on days, 1, 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of burn disease were studied in experiments on pubertal male guinea pigs. During the first week the hormogenic gland cells showed predominant hyperplastic processes which proceeded in the presence of functionally excited sinusoids. On the 14th day the destruction of organella significantly increased along with hyperplasia and hypertrophy in parenchymatous and endothelial cells. Increased disorganization and destruction of the cell membrane components led to dramatic abnormalities in vascular-parenchymatous correlations and to the development of deep dystrophic processes and necrobiotic injuries to the adrenal cortex in later periods of the disease. PMID- 7378573 TI - [Estimation of sulfhydryl groups by laboratory titrator T-201]. AB - A method for estimating sulfhydryl groups by laboratory titrator T-201 is proposed. It consists in culonometric titration of SH-groups by silver ions. The method is highly sensitive and reproducible. PMID- 7378575 TI - [Effect of partial hepatectomy on the induction of cells inhibiting development of humoral immune response]. AB - It has been shown that partial hepatectomy inhibits the induction of cells exerting a suppressant effect on the development of humoral immune response. PMID- 7378574 TI - [Electroacupuncture inhibition of nociceptive responses in the caudal trigeminal nucleus]. AB - Acute experiments on cats showed that auricular electroacupuncture (AEAP)) produces significant inhibition of evoked potentials (EP) in the caudal trigeminal nucleus which occur under single stimulation of the tooth pulp. The inhibition of EP lasts for 60--80 min. Then gradual (over 30--40 min) recovery of EP is recorded. Acupuncture stimulation decreases insignificantly the amplitude of EP caused by irritation of mouth mucosa. This fact indicates that AEAP inhibits nociceptive responses but does not affect mediation of signals in other modalities. It was established that reacing of AEAP analgetic effect does not require that the classical scheme of acupuncture point localization be strictly followed. PMID- 7378577 TI - A new improved clinical staging system for multiple myeloma based on analysis of 123 treated patients. AB - The effect of the presenting clinical features on survival time was evaluated in 173 patients of a population of 201 individuals with multiple myeloma observed at Malmo General Hospital during the 11-yr period 1960 to January 1, 1971. Complete follow-up was continued until December 1978. One-hundred and five of the patients came from the city of Malmo and constitute a complete nonselected myeloma population. Bivariate correlation and multivariate regression analyses showed that the survival (i.e., the prognosis) could be accurately predicted in IgG and pure Bence Jones myeloma patients from (A) serum creatinine level, (B) serum calcium level, and (C) bone marrow plasma cell percentage; and in IgA myeloma patients from (A) hemoglobin level, (B) serum calcium level, and (C) serum M component level. The results were synthesized to produce a simple and reliable clinical staging system with three stages (i.e., risks of death). To facilitate the clinical application, multivariate regression equations were developed to optimally predict the prognosis, and graphs were constructed in order to make the staging of the myeloma patients easier and quicker. The comparison of the duration of survival between the three groups of staged patients confirmed the high reliability of the present staging system. PMID- 7378576 TI - Regulation of oxygen metabolism in human granulocytes: relationship between stimulus binding and oxidative response using plant lectins as probes. PMID- 7378579 TI - Therapy of myeloma. PMID- 7378580 TI - The chronic idiopathic neutropenia syndrome: correlation of clinical features with in vitro parameters of granulocytopoiesis. PMID- 7378581 TI - Explanation for apparent hypoxemia associated with extreme leukocytosis: leukocytic oxygen consumption. AB - We investigated the hypoxemia associated with extreme leukocytosis in leukemic patients. In vitro experiments showed that the rate of decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood samples from such patients was proportional to the white cell count. In the presence of normal white cell count no drop in PO2 was observed. We conclude that a low arterial oxygen tension in the presence of extreme leukocytosis reflects oxygen consumption by leukocytes rather than true hypoxemia. Both normal as well as leukemic leukocytes appear to exhibit this phenomenon. PMID- 7378582 TI - Hand-mirror lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis. AB - The identification of a morphologically unique lymphocyte in the peripheral blood of patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) led to additional studies. Examination of Wright-stained smears of EDTA anticoagulated blood obtained from 25 patients with IM at presentation revealed significantly increased (p less than 0.0001) percentages of hand-mirror lymphocytes (HML) (mean 9.2%) compared with normal controls (mean 2.7%) or controls with nonspecific viral syndromes (mean 2.2%). Follow-up blood samples obtained on 10 of these patients demonstrated a marked increase in the HML count (mean 12.1%) that coincided with the onset of recovery. E-rosette separation of Ficoll-Hypaque-derived peripheral blood lymphocytes from 5 patients with early recovery IM showed the HML to be present almost exclusively in the T-cell population, representing about 25% of the T cells. Identical procedures on 5 controls showed less than 5% HML in the T-cell sample. Cytochemistries supported a T-cell derivation for HML. Electron microscopic examination of HML in IM demonstrated that these cells have unique ultrastructural features that may be related to functions of cellular attachment and cytotoxicity. PMID- 7378583 TI - The regulation of hemopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures. II. Stimulation and inhibition of stem cell proliferation. AB - The isolation of a DNA synthesis inhibitor (NBME fraction IV) and stimulator (RBME fraction III) specific for the hemopoietic stem cell (CFU-s) from freshly isolated normal adult and regenerating murine bone marrow, respectively, has been well documented. We have utilized long-term liquid bone marrow cultures in a further analysis of the role of these factors in the regulation of CFU-s proliferation. Our results show that shortly after feeding, at a time when the cultured CFU-s are actively proliferating, high levels of the hemopoietic stem cell proliferation stimulator fraction III can be isolated from the culture medium. In contrast, the presence of essentially noncycling CFU-s found in cultures fed 8-10 days previously correlates with high levels of the hemopoietic stem cell inhibitor fraction IV. These results suggest that a certain balance between these factors determines CFU-s proliferation in the long-term cultures. In support of this, DNA synthesis in actively cycling CFU-s in the long-term cultures is inhibited for at least 3 days by the addition of excess NBME fraction IV (inhibitor). Furthermore, DNA synthesis in noncycling cultured CFU-s is stimulated for at least 5 days by the addition of RBME fraction III (stimulator). PMID- 7378584 TI - Effect of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from aplastic anemia patients on the granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid colony formation in samples from normal human bone marrow in vitro--a cooperative work. AB - Thirty-six patients with aplastic anemia and three with aplastic anemia-PNH syndrome in eight institutes were studied for the presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells having a suppressive effect on granulocyte-macrophage (G-M) and erythroid colony formation using a uniform protocol. In 11 cases of 29 (38%) and 9 cases of 29 (31%), the presence of mononuclear cells with a suppressive effect on G-M and erythroid colony formation, respectively, was demonstrated. However, the presence of mononuclear cells suppressive both to G-M and erythroid colony formation was demonstrated only in 3 of 19 cases (16%). PMID- 7378578 TI - Cytosol intermediates in the transport of iron. AB - Three 59Fe-labeled nonheme components of the cytosol were identified when rabbit reticuloyctes were incubated with 59Fe-labeled plasma under conditions in which the iron supply was not limiting. Two of these components were identified as ferritin and transferrin. The latter was characterized by gel filtration as having apparent molecular weight higher than transferrin, indicating that the transferrin may be complexed to another moiety. The third component, referred to as iron-binding protein-I (IBP-I), is as yet uncharacterized. When the reticulocytes were incubated with unlabeled plasma after pulse-labeling with 59Fe labeled plasma, 59Fe radioactivity in these cytosol components decreased; after 15 min of chase, the 59Fe in ferritin, transferrin, and IBP-I fell to 64.6%, 26.5%, and 65.8% of the initial values, respectively. A good correlation existed between the decrease of 59Fe in these three nonheme compartments and the associated increase in 59Fe-heme. The data presented suggest that cytosol ferritin, transferrin, and IBP-I are intermediates in the transport of 59Fe from the plasma membrane to the mitochondria. PMID- 7378585 TI - Comparison of the hemagglutination inhibition assay kit for erythropoietin (ESF) with the fetal mouse liver cell bioassay in vitro. AB - The commercially available hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay kit for erythropoietin (ESF) was compared with the fetal mouse liver cell (FMLC) bioassay. No correlation was obtained ESF levels determined by both methods in a variety of pathologic sera. The HAI kit showed a great batch variability. Significant immunoreactivity was found in those fractions of a normal human serum and a human urinary ESF preparation that were not active in the FMLC bioassay. A very poor recovery of immunoreactivity was found when the international reference preparation for erythropoietin (second IRPE) was added to a normal human serum. PMID- 7378586 TI - Effect of increased maternal hemoglobin oxygen affinity on fetal growth in the rat. PMID- 7378587 TI - Inhibitory effect of glucagon on erythropoiesis. PMID- 7378589 TI - The future of automation in hematology. PMID- 7378588 TI - Automation: what to measure and why? (I). PMID- 7378590 TI - The impact of automation on the future of hematology. PMID- 7378591 TI - Objective measures of information from blood cells. AB - An answer to the question, "The blood cell: what to measure? why?" is considered by proposing the use of indices derived from flow cytometric measurements. Indices derived from laser light scatter and fluorescence measurements of red cells, platelets, reticulocytes and leukocytes are described. To answer the "why" part of the question, I have proposed a statistical measurement evaluation technique based on information theory. This is illustrated by an example using indices to predict patient infection. PMID- 7378592 TI - High-resolution particle analysis--its application to platelet counting and suggestions for further application in blood cell analysis. AB - The characteristics of an instrument for high-resolution particle analysis in flow are discussed. It employs a combination of hydrodynamic focusing, fluid resistors, and electronic techniques to achieve precision and ease of use heretofore unobtainable in a moderate-cost clinical instrument. Its application to whole blood platelet counting is discussed, and suggestions are made for its possible application to a wide variety of blood cell measurements. PMID- 7378593 TI - Three-dimensional observations of red blood cell deformation in capillaries. AB - The shape changes of red blood cells (RBCs) flowing in narrow glass capillaries have been studied by the use of two microscopes viewing the cells simultaneously at right angles along a horizontal and a vertical optical axis. The observations show that the primary mode of deformation of RBCs in a narrow capillary is a folding or bending about the longitudinal axis of the capillary rather than a compression and extension of the cells in the plane of the original disk, which has been suggested previously [10]. PMID- 7378594 TI - Mathematical analysis of bone marrow erythropoiesis: application to C3H mouse data. AB - A mathematical analysis of normal bone marrow erythropoiesis is investigated under the following assumptions: there is no correlation for a cell between its position in cell cycle and its maturation level; the transition between proliferant and quiescent cells along the erythroid line occurs at a critical point in its cell cycle when a certain maturation level is reached; there is no net migration between the bone marrow and other hemopoietic tissues. Relationships are derived between model parameters (cell flows and cell number) and kinetic parameters, namely, the classic proliferation parameters (cell cycle time duration and growth fraction) and the maturation parameters (maturation time duration and amplification coefficient). This model, when applied to normal C3H mouse experimental data, provides a complete description of bone marrow erythropoiesis from pluripotent stem cells up to mature red blood cells. No differentiation from the pluripotent stem cells to the erythroid line is necessary to explain our experimental data. The number of erythroid-committed stem cells is estimated to be 3.4 x 10(5). Their maturation is characterized by eight divisions and a transit duration time of approximately 2.5 days. No ineffective erythropoiesis is found. Moreover, important red blood cell production is found in some other hemopoietic tissues. The 55Fe-labeling experiment of proerythroblasts is interpreted, assuming variability among cells for cell cycle and maturation time durations. For our experimental data, neglecting such a variability jeopardizes parameter estimations for proerythroblast population. PMID- 7378595 TI - The Woronets trait: a new familial erythrocyte anomaly. AB - A dominantly inherited abnormality of the red blood cells is described. It is characterized by the presence of a small population of markedly distorted red blood cells resembling keratocytes. In addition, many of the red cells show minor deformities resembling the beginning stages of formation of echinocytes. Red cell lifespan is normal, and the severely deformed cells appear to represent the senescent population. Inappropriate increases in activities of some, but not all, age-dependent red cell enzymes were observed. The anomaly appeared to be entirely benign; no abnormal clinical findings were associated with this defect. It has been designated the Woronets trait. PMID- 7378597 TI - Persistence and metabolism of TDE in California Clear Lake fish. PMID- 7378598 TI - Occurrence of mercury in Macrobrachium lanchesteri (de Man) (Crustacea, Decapoda) in Thailand. PMID- 7378596 TI - Waterborne methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) and 2-chloroaniline contamination around Adrian, Michigan. PMID- 7378599 TI - Bioaccumulation of mercury in blowflies collected near the mercury mine of Idrija, Yugoslavia. PMID- 7378600 TI - Tissue distribution of mirex in adult crayfish (Procambarus clarki). PMID- 7378602 TI - Gastric availability of a liquid concentrate formulation of paraquat dichloride following simulated spillage on soil. PMID- 7378601 TI - Soil-bound 3,4-dichloroaniline: source of contamination in rice grain. PMID- 7378603 TI - Uptake and excretion of aminocarb, nonylphenol, and pesticide diluent 585 by mussels (Mytilus edulis). PMID- 7378606 TI - Environmental fate of methyl eugenol. PMID- 7378605 TI - In vivo study on the storage of fenitrothion in chicken tissues after long-term exposure to small doses. PMID- 7378604 TI - An analysis of the aquatic macrophyte, Myriophyllum exalbescens, as an indicator of metal contamination of aquatic ecosystems near a base metal smelter. PMID- 7378610 TI - A one tube flow problem arising in physiology. PMID- 7378607 TI - Absorption, distribution, and excretion of methylmercury in mice. PMID- 7378609 TI - Effects of stenosis on non-Newtonian flow of the blood in an artery. PMID- 7378608 TI - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin levels in cow's milk from the contaminated area of Seveso, Italy. PMID- 7378611 TI - Asymptotic method for peristaltic transport. PMID- 7378612 TI - Traveling waves in a simple population model involving growth and death. PMID- 7378614 TI - Models of human lung airways and their application to inhaled particle deposition. PMID- 7378613 TI - A model for early death caused by radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis after inhaling insoluble radioactive particles. PMID- 7378615 TI - The developmental etiology of borderline and narcissistic disorders. PMID- 7378616 TI - Affective disturbance in borderline and narcissistic patients. PMID- 7378618 TI - A treatment framework for adult patients with borderline and narcissistic personality disorders. PMID- 7378621 TI - Long-term hospital treatment for adult patients with borderline and narcissistic disorders. PMID- 7378620 TI - Family characteristics of patients with borderline and narcissistic disorders. PMID- 7378617 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of borderline and narcissistic children and adolescents. PMID- 7378619 TI - Group psychotherapy for borderline and narcissistic patients. PMID- 7378622 TI - Eastern encephalitis virus from virgin forests of Northern Brazil. PMID- 7378623 TI - Programs to improve the nutrition of pregnant and lactating women. PMID- 7378624 TI - Primary health care: worldwide interest... and a U.S. perspective. PMID- 7378625 TI - Distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers in blood donors of 13 Western Hemisphere countries: proceedings of the Red Cross Latin American hepatitis B workshop. PMID- 7378627 TI - Health and the environment. PMID- 7378628 TI - Organization and administration of communicable disease control programs in developing countries. PMID- 7378626 TI - The Aymara of Western Bolivia: health and disease. PMID- 7378630 TI - How to insert a flotation catheter. PMID- 7378629 TI - Radiology and neoplasia. PMID- 7378631 TI - Medical audit. PMID- 7378632 TI - Casualty x-rays. PMID- 7378633 TI - Differential effects of the calcium-antagonistic vasodilators, nifedipine and verapamil, on the tracheal musculature and vasculature of the dog. AB - In anaesthetized dogs the trachea in situ was perfused arterially with blood, and drugs were injected intraarterially. Isoprenaline and the calcium-antagonistic vasodilators, nifedipine and verapamil, increased tracheal blood flow and decreased resting tone of the trachea. Isoprenaline was equi-effective in producing tracheal vasodilatation and tracheal dilatation. The two calcium antagonistic vasodilators were less effective tracheal dilators than tracheal vasodilators. PMID- 7378634 TI - Removal of internally deposited gold by 2,3-dimercaptopropane sodium sulphonate (Dimaval). AB - 1 Orally administered 2,3-dimercaptopropane sodium sulphonate (DMPS, Dimaval) reduced the concentration of gold in rats treated with Auro-Detoxin and increased the urinary excretion of the metal. 2 In a long-term experiment, DMPS decreased significantly the concentration of gold in the kidneys and in the skin and increased it in plasma. 3 DMPS appears to be of interest as a possible antidote to gold, which could replace the more toxic 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL). PMID- 7378635 TI - Inhibition of the acetylcholine receptor by histrionicotoxin. AB - 1 The action of C5-decahydrohistrionicotoxin (C5-HTX) has been investigated on the extrajunctional acetylcholine (ACh) receptors of denervated rat muscle. 2 C5 HTX causes both a rapid and slow reduction in amplitude of iontophoretic ACh potentials evoked at all frequencies from the extrajunctional receptors. 3 C5-HTX also causes a time-dependent inhibition of the iontophoretic potentials evoked at frequencies greater than 0.02 Hz. This inhibition was observed either alone or superimposed upon desensitization, and may be caused by a similar mechanism to desensitization. PMID- 7378636 TI - Effects of morphine on canine intestinal absorption and blood flow. AB - 1 Intestinal absorption and blood flow were determined in anaesthetized fed or fasted dogs following rapid intravenous injections of morphine (0.01, 0.1, 1 mg/kg). 2 3H2O and 22Na were used to determine the unidirectional fluxes of Na+ and H2O from saline perfused through the ileal lumen and the clearances of 3H2O were used to determine total and absorptive site blood flow. 3 Net Na+ and H2O absorption were increased at each dose of morphine in fed but not in fasted dogs, due primarily to increased absorptive fluxes. 4 Arterial pressure was decreased by morphine but mesenteric vein pressure was little affected. Absorptive site blood flow was increased by morphine due to decreased blood flow resistance but total blood flow resistance was little affected by morphine. 5 The absorptive fluxes of Na+ and H2O were correlated with absorpitve site blood flow in both fed and fasted animals. The secretory fluxes of Na+ and H2O were correlated with estimated capiliary pressure in fasted dogs but morphine decreased the the secretory fluxes at a given capillary pressure in dogs which had been fed. 6 Naloxone (0.12 mg, i.v.) reversed the effects of morphine. The effects of morphine on the gut were reversed more slowly than on systemic blood pressure. 7 It was concluded that morphine can increase net absorption in fed dogs by a selective increase in intestinal absorptive site blood flow and thus increase absorptive fluxes by a washout effect but that there is also an epithelial effect, sensitized by feeding, which reduces the secretory fluxes of Na+ and H2O. PMID- 7378639 TI - A new method for studying the relationship between hepatic uptake of drugs and their pharmacodynamic effects in anaesthetized cats. AB - 1 A new in vivo experimental method is described whereby the liver can be temporarily excluded from the general circulation by means of a portocaval shunt operation. The influence of this manoeuvre upon the effects of pancuronium and Org 6368 was investigated using the tibialis muscle preparation of anaesthetized cats. 2 The procedure also allowed intraportal injections of the drugs to be made so that the effect of first-passage uptake by the liver could be compared with hapatic exclusion in the same animal. 3 Hepatic exclusion greatly increased the duration of action of both drugs. Whereas intraportal injection did not significantly alter the effect of pancuronium on the tibialis muscle, the effect of Org 6368 was greatly diminished when given by this route. 4 The liver appears to tolerate short periods of hepatic exclusion and it is concluded that this technique may become a useful tool for studying the handling of drugs by this organ. PMID- 7378637 TI - Coronary vasoconstriction by locally administered acetylcholine, carbachol and bethanechol in isolated, donor-perfused, rat hearts. AB - 1 Experiments were carried out on rat isolated heart preparations in which the coronary vasculature was perfused through the aorta at a constant flow rate with arterial blood from donor animals. Single doses of drugs were injected into the aortic cannula. 2 Small doses of acetylcholine, carbachol or bethanechol decreased perfusion pressure (PP) without markedly affecting left ventricular pressure (LVP) and heart rate (HR); larger doses of these drugs increased PP (vasoconstriction), and decreased LVP and HR in a dose-dependent manner. 3 Acetylcholine, carbachol and bethanechol had almost no effects when perfused through the aorta in such a way as to exclude the coronary vessels. 4 Coronary vasoconstriction in response to acetylcholine, carbachol and bethanechol was not significantly affected by reserpine pretreatment, phentolamine or hexamethonium, but was antagonized by small doses of atropine. 5 From these results it is concluded that in the coronary vasculature of the rat, the receptors involved in the vasoconstrictor actions of acetylcholine carbachol and bethanechol are muscarinic. PMID- 7378638 TI - An in vitro study of various drugs on central and peripheral airways of the rat: a comparison with human airways. AB - 1 The effect of histamine and other drugs on the central and peripheral airways of the rat was studied by applying them directly to isolated tracheal and lung strip preparations. These effects were then compared with those observed on human isolated bronchial muscle preparations. 2 Acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) both contracted the lung strip and trachea of the rat, and both were more potent on the trachea than the lung strip. 3 Histamine and prostaglandins E2 (PGF2) or F2 tau (PGF2 tau) produced no effect on either the lung strip or trachea of the rat. 4 On the human isolated bronchial preparation, in contrast to the rat airways, both histamine and PGF2 tau produced marked concentration dependent contractions and 5-HT either produced no response or a slight relaxation. 5 In view of these results, the use of anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in the rat as a model for the study of asthma in man is questioned. PMID- 7378640 TI - Evidence for antithrombin III involvement in the anticoagulant activity of cellulose sulphate. AB - 1 Cellulose sulphate, like heparin, prolonged the clotting time in partial thromboplastin time (PTT) assays, inhibited the amidolytic activity of thrombin, was without effect on amidolysis catalysed by activated coagulation factor X(Xa), and potentiated the inhibition of both thrombin and Xa by antithrombin III (AT). 2 The anticoagulant activity of cellulose sulphate in PTT assays was, like that of heparin and heparin sulphate, but unlike that of dermatan sulphate, reduced by prior incubation of plasma with antiserum specific for AT. 3 These results, which suggest that the anticoagulant activity of cellulose sulphate is at least partially mediated through AT, are discussed in terms of the structural features of polysaccharides required for AT activation. PMID- 7378641 TI - Pharmacological analysis of salivary and blood flow responses to histamine of the submandibular gland of the dog. AB - 1 The submandibular gland in situ was perfused with blood through the glandular artery at constant pressure in anaesthetized dogs. Drugs were administered intra arterially. 2 Histamine produced both salivation and an increase in blood flow, each response having an early and a late component. 3 Marked tachyphylaxis to histamine developed in both of the salivary responses but only in the late blood flow response to histamine. 4 The early and late salivary responses were abolished and the late blood flow response was diminished by infusion of tetrodotoxin in doses that abolished the salivary and blood flow responses to electrical stimulation of the chorda-lingual nerve. 5 The whole salivary response to histamine was abolished by infusion of (--)-hyoscyamine in doses that greatly antagonized the salivary and blood flow responses to acetylcholine, whereas the blood flow responses to histamine were scarcely modified. These doses of (--) hyoscyamine abolished the salivary response to chorda-lingual nerve stimulation but left the blood flow response to it unaffected. 6 The salivary and blood flow responses to histamine were unaffected by infusion of hexamethonium in doses that almost abolished the salivary and blood flow responses to chorda-lingual nerve stimulation. 7 The whole salivary response to histamine was abolished and the late blood response to histamine was partially inhibited by the histamine H1 receptor antagonist, mepyramine, but not by the histamine H2-receptor antagonist, metiamide. 8 The early blood flow response to histamine was antagonized by both mepyramine and metiamide but mepyramine was far more effective than metiamide. 9 These results led to the following conclusions: (1) the whole salivary response and a part of the late blood flow response to histamine are due entirely to excitation of parasympathetic postganglionic neurones; (2) neuronal histamine receptors involved are exclusively of the H1-type; (3) histamine has no direct stimulant action on the glandular cells; (4) the early blood flow response and the remaining part of the late blood flow response to histamine result from the direct action on vascular smooth muscle in the glandular vascular bed; (5) vascular histamine receptors consist of H1- and H2-receptors. PMID- 7378644 TI - Structure-activity studies on an excitatory receptor for glutamate on leech Retzius neurones. AB - 1 Intracellular recordings were made from Retzius cells from the segmental ganglia of Hirudo medicinalis and Haemopis sanguisuga. Glutamate had a direct excitatory effect on the leech Retzius cells. 2 L-Glutamate was 25 times more potent than D-glutamate. 3 L-Glutamate was approximately equipotent with ibotenic acid and 11.2 times more potent than L-aspartic acid. 4 Quisqualic acid and kainic acid were both approximately 100 times more potent than L-glutamate. DL-1 Amino-cis-1-3-dicarboxyclyclopentane was approximately 5 times more potent than L glutamate, while the trans isomer was 105 times less potent. 5 alpha-NH2-pimelic acid and beta-CH3-glutamic acid reduced the response to L-glutamate. 6 It is suggested that glutamic acid may interact with the Retzius cell glutamate receptor in an extended conformation. PMID- 7378643 TI - Release of opioid peptides in anaesthetized cats? AB - 1 The effect on arterial blood pressure of intravenous injections of naloxone (200 mug) was examined in cats anaesthetized with chloralose. Usually these injections have no effect on blood pressure unless morphine or opioid peptides have been injected, when they produce a pressor response with tachycardia.2 It was found that these injections produced a pressor response with tachycardia after a combination of two or more of the following surgical procedures: (1) tying sinus nerves, (2) removing stellate ganglia, (3) cutting vagi, (4) evisceration.3 The pressor responses obtained in these conditions are taken as evidence that such procedures induce the release of endogenous opioid peptides.4 The pressor responses to naloxone were greatest when all four surgical procedures had been performed and were then due to adrenaline secretion, evoked centrally by a sympathetic discharge to the adrenals.5 If either the stellate ganglia or the viscera were left intact, but the remaining three surgical procedures performed, then the pressor responses to naloxone were due to a sympathetic discharge to adrenals and to blood vessels.6 In cats that had received a subcutaneous injection of morphine (2 mg/kg) the adrenals played a minor role in the pressor responses to naloxone, unless the four surgical procedures had been performed. Then the adrenals became entirely responsible for them.7 The opioid peptides released after the surgical procedures may be enkephalins or the C-fragment of lipotropin (beta-endorphin). The stimulus for their release may be interruption of afferent sensory pathways from viscera or the ;stress' associated with the surgical procedures. PMID- 7378642 TI - Histamine H1-receptors in the brain of the guinea-pig and the rat: differences in ligand binding properties and regional distribution. AB - 1 The equilibrium dissociation constant, K(d), for mepyramine binding to a particulate fraction from rat brain, 9.1 nM, determined from inhibition of the binding of 1 nM [(3)H]-mepyramine, was distinctly higher than that, 0.83 nM, measured on an equivalent preparation from guinea-pig brain.2 In rat brain the dissociation constant for mepyramine, determined from the binding of [(3)H] mepyramine sensitive to inhibition by 2 x 10(-6) M promethazine, was higher than the constant obtained from the inhibition of the binding of 1 nM [(3)H] mepyramine by non-radioactive mepyramine. This suggests that the promethazine sensitive binding of [(3)H]-mepyramine includes a lower affinity non-receptor component, which becomes apparent at higher concentrations of [(3)H]-mepyramine.3 In the guinea-pig the dissociation constant for mepyramine determined from inhibition of [(3)H]-mepyramine binding was in good agreement with the value obtained from inhibition of the contractile response of intestinal smooth muscle to histamine. No similar comparison was possible in the rat. Rat ileum was much less sensitive to histamine and the contraction produced was not inhibited by 10( 6) M mepyramine, indicating that it is not mediated by H(1)-receptors.4 Low levels of promethazine-sensitive [(3)H]-mepyramine binding were present in membrane fractions prepared from the longitudinal muscle from rat small intestine, but the characteristics of this binding suggest that it may be largely to lower affinity, non-receptor sites.5 Promethazine was practically equipotent as an inhibitor of [(3)H]-mepyramine binding in rat and guinea-pig brain. Chlorpheniramine showed stereospecificity in the rat as in the guinea-pig, although the potency of the (+)-isomer in the rat was only a tenth of that in the guinea-pig. Histamine had nearly the same IC(50) in both species.6 The evidence suggests that the high-affinity [(3)H]-mepyramine binding sites in rat brain can be described as H(1)-receptors, but that these differ structurally from H(1) receptors in the guinea-pig.7 The regional distribution of [(3)H]-mepyramine binding in rat brain was not the same as that in guinea-pig brain, the most notable difference being the very much lower level in rat cerebellum compared to guinea-pig cerebellum. PMID- 7378646 TI - Prostaglandin action, release and inactivation by rat isolated perfused mesenteric blood vessels. AB - 1 The following experiments were undertaken to confirm that prostaglandin is necessary for noradrenaline to exert its full vasoconstrictor effect in rat mesenteric blood vessels. Prostaglandin release and inactivation were also studied. 2 The cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, 5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraynoic acid caused a significant depression of the concentration-effect curve to noradrenaline. As with indomethacin, responses were restored to control levels by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) but PGE2 did not restore responses to noradrenaline depressed by papaverine. 3 PGE2-like activity was released from tissues at rest, equivalent to 50 +/- 20 pg PGE2/min. The substance was probably a stable prostaglandin since activity remained on acidifying and extracting into chloroform. The increase in release stimulated by noradrenaline was reduced below resting values by indomethacin. 4 There was a net loss of 7 +/- 1 and 1 +/- 0.2 ng PGE2/min from tissues perfused with 40 and 4 ng/min PGE2 respectively. No uptake occurred at lower PGE2 perfusion rates. 5 When indomethacin was used to depress responses to noradrenaline 15(S)-15-methyl PGE2 methyl ester was 12 times more potent than PGE2 in restoring responses to control values. The cyclic endoperoxide analogue U-46619 caused only partial restoration of indomethacin depressed responses to noradrenaline but increased perfusion pressure at 2 ng/ml and above. 6 The results confirm that endogenous prostaglandin release, possible of PGE2, is obligatory to the full vasoconstrictor effect of noradrenaline. Noradrenaline increases the amount of prostaglandin released which may be taken up and inactivated by 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase or beta-oxidase. U 46619 may mimic both PGE2 and thromboxane A2. PMID- 7378647 TI - Inferior cardiac nerve activity in the cat during superfusion of the vascularly isolated carotid sinus with propranolol. AB - 1 Inferior cardiac nerve activity in 9 cats was in inverse relationship to the pressure maintained in the systemically isolated and perfused carotid sinus. 2 Perfusion with propranolol produced no change in this relationship at a concentration of 5.0 microgram/ml, but abolished it at 50.0 microgram/ml. 3 The results suggest that concentrations of propranolol which have been reported to enhance the sensitivity of the carotid sinus to pressure do not enhance one neurophysiological component of the reflex depressor response. PMID- 7378645 TI - The interaction of human haemoglobin with allosteric effectors as a model for drug-receptor interactions. AB - 1 The release of bound oxygen from oxyhaemoglobin by allosteric effectors is considered as a model for those drug-receptor interactions where the primary response to agonist binding is the release of a second messenger species. 2 A theory of haemoglobin oxygenation, based on the two-state model of Monod, Wyman & Changeux (1965) is used to predict the relationship between 'pharmacological' response and dose of agonist. This relationship is the same as that derived from classical pharmacological occupancy theory. 3 The potency of an agonist is a weighted average of its affinities for the two conformational states of the receptor. 4 The efficacy of an agonist depends not only upon its binding to one of the two conformational states, but also on its ability to alter the functional properties of that state by lowering the affinity of the state for the second messenger. 5 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate and adenosine triphosphate are approximately equipotent and of similar efficacy, but inositol hexaphosphate is about 500 times more potent and has a higher efficacy. PMID- 7378649 TI - Lysophosphatidylserine-induced release of intra-cellular amines in mice. AB - In the presence of mouse plasma, lysophosphatidylserine stimulates histamine secretion from isolated mast cells. The extensive modification of carbohydrate metabolism produced by lysophosphatidylserine in mice was largely prevented by the antihistaminic drug, pyrilamine. However, to prevent completely the change in carbohydrate metabolism induced by lysophosphatidylserine the administration of an antihistamine and an adrenoceptor antagonist was required. It is concluded that the effect of lysophosphatidylserine in mice is due to release of intracellular amines. Histamine and catecholamines are involved. PMID- 7378650 TI - Increases in aggregation by and uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine with platelets from rabbits treated with chlorpromazine. AB - 1 Citrated platelet-rich plasma was prepared from New Zealand white rabbits before, during and after administration of chlorpromazine (2 mg/kg) intramuscularly once daily for 3 to 4 weeks. 2 In these plasmas, the velocity of platelet aggregation by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) added at 1, 3 and 10 microM increased greatly, beginning 3 to 4 days after the start of chlorpromazine injections and lasting for a similar period after they were terminated. The increase had two maxima, the first after 6 to 10 days and the second after 17 to 24 days. Chlorpromazine treatment did not affect aggregation by adenosine diphosphate (ADP). 3 The uptake of 5-HT by rabbit platelets was very fast and linear for less than 10 s. In platelets from untreated rabbits the uptake had a Km of 0.35 +/- 0.08 microM and a Vmax of 39.8 +/- 6.1 pmol 10(-8) platelets 10( 1) (n = 5). 4 In platelets from rabbits injected with chlorpromazine (see (2) above) both kinetic constants increased significantly, the Km to 0.88 +/- 0.08 microM and the Vmax to 67.8 +/- 5.5 pmol. 10(-8) platelets. 10(-1) s (n = 9). PMID- 7378648 TI - Adenosine inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid release from slices of rat cerebral cortex. AB - 1 The effect of purine compounds on the potassium-evoked release of 14C-labelled gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been studied in 400 micrometers slices of rat cerebral cortex in vitro. 2 Adenosine and adenosine 5' monophosphate (AMP) inhibited the release of GABA at 10(-5) to 10(-3) M. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced a significant inhibition of release only at 10(-3) M. 3 Theophylline 10( 4) or 10(-3) M reduced the inhibitory effect of adenosine, but did not change basal release of GABA. 4 Dipyridamole 10(-5) M itself reduced evoked GABA release, but did not prevent the inhibitory effect of adenosine, implying that adenosine was acting at an extracellularly directed receptor. 5 Calcium removal or antagonism by verapamil reduced the evoked release of GABA, but adenosine did not produce any further reduction of the calcium-independent release. This may indicate that the inhibitory effect of adenosine on GABA release results from interference with calcium influx or availability within the terminals. PMID- 7378651 TI - alpha-Flupenthixol: an antagonist of dopamine-evoked fluid secretion by an insect salivary gland preparation. AB - 1 We have demonstrated inhibition of secretory responses of cockroach salivary glands to dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and neurotransmitter by alpha flupenthixol. This inhibition was slow in onset (60 min) and in reversal (greater than 2 h). 2 Inhibition of responses to adrenaline and noradrenaline was non competitive, since the maxima and slopes of dose-response curves of these agonists were reduced. 3 Although at low concentrations (less than 3 microM) the antagonism of responses to dopamine showed some characteristics of competitive inhibition, at higher doses non-competitive inhibition was clearly demonstrated. 4 These results are explained in terms of different efficacies of the agonists for the receptors antagonized by alpha-flupenthixol. 5 beta-Flupenthixol was shown to antagonize responses to dopamine; however it was 10 to 100 times less potent than alpha-flupenthixol. PMID- 7378652 TI - Blockade of striatal neurone responses to morphine by aminophylline: evidence for adenosine mediation of opiate action. AB - 1 The responses of cortical and striatal neurones to morphine and adenosine applied iontophoretically have been studied in the male rat. 2 The majority of cells (57%) within the corpus striatum were profoundly inhibited, and a smaller proportion (18%) excited by morphine. Adenosine depressed the firing rate of 30/44 cells in the striatum, excitation never being observed. In contrast, the responses of cortical cells to morphine were typically weak and required longer ejection pulses to effect comparable changes in firing rate. 3 Aminophylline applied iontophoretically, as an anion, proved able to antagonize reversibly both morphine and adenosine in parallel. 4 On a number of cells, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was used as a control depressant but aminophylline did not appear to reduce these responses. 5 The responses to morphine (both inhibitory and excitatory) were not easily antagonized by naloxone. Typically, excitatory reponses were easier to antagonize than the inhibitory ones. 6 It is concluded that a consequence of the interaction of morphine with its receptors may be the release of adenosine which subsequently produces the inhibition observed with morphine. PMID- 7378653 TI - Modulation by acetylcholine of the electrically-evoked release of [3H] acetylcholine from the ileum of the guinea-pig. AB - 1 Acetylcholine (ACh) stores within neurones of the myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig were labelled with [3H]-choline and the influence of unlabelled ACh, atropine, or atropine and unlabelled ACh on the electrically-evoked output of [3H]-ACh was evaluated. 2 Electrical transmural stimulation (5 Hz) of the ileum led to an increase in the output of [3H]-ACh over that released spontaneously. Superfusion with unlabelled ACh (6.8 microM) caused a marked reduction in the release of [3H]-ACh which was reversed by atropine (3.5 microM). Atropine itself had no effect on the electrically-evoked [3H]-ACh. 3 These experiments provide further evidence for the existence in the guinea-pig ileum of neuronal muscarinic receptors for ACh subserving an inhibitory role on transmitter release. PMID- 7378654 TI - The effects of aromatic amino acid derivatives on the excitability of an identifiable giant neurone of the African giant snail (Achatina fulica Ferussac). AB - 1 The effects of derivatives of aromatic amino acids on the excitability of an identifiable giant neurone (TAN, tonically autoactive neurone) of the African giant snail (Achatina fulica Ferussac) were examined. 2 The following substances had marked inhibitory effects on TAN using bath application: N-beta phenylpropionyl-L-Tyr and N-beta-phenylpropionyl-L-Trp (critical concentration, 3 x 10(-7) M), N-beta-phenylpropionyl-L-Phe, N-cinnamoyl-DL-Trp and N-phenoxyacetyl L-Trp (critical concentration, 10(-5) to 3 x 10(-5) M). However, N-beta phenylpropionyl-D-Tyr and N-beta-phenylpropionyl tyramine had no effect. 3 Microdrop (150 micrometers in diameter) application of N-beta-phenylpropionyl-L Tyr or N-beta-phenylpropionyl-l-trp containing about 100 pg resulted in marked inhibitory effects on TAN. The effect was observed in Ca2+-free, Mg2+-rich (24 mM) solution. Substitution of Cl- by acetate did not alter the response. This indicates that the two substances act directly on the TAN membrane and not via synaptic influences, and that the inhibition produced by the two substances is not due to the permeability increase of the TAN membrane to Cl-. PMID- 7378655 TI - Determination of specific inhibitors of thromboxane A2 formation. AB - Activation of platelets by contact with collagen leads to the simultaneous formation of a prostaglandin and thromboxane (TXA2), which can be assayed biologically with the superfused rabbit aorta and rat stomach strip. By this method it has been shown that a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, aspirin, inhibited formation of both prostaglandin and TXA2 while a specific TXA2 synthetase inhibitor, clotrimazole, inhibited only TXA2 formation. The method is suitable as a primary screen in the search for TXA2 specific synthetase inhibitors. PMID- 7378656 TI - Comparison of desensitization and time-dependent block of the acetylcholine receptor responses by chlorpromazine, cytochalasin B, triton X-100 and other agents. AB - 1 Chlorpromazine, cytochalasin B, Triton X-100, lidocaine, QX-314, pentobarbitone, heptanol and ethanol, but not benzocaine or methylguanidine, caused a time-dependent inhibition of acetylcholine (ACh) potentials. Increasing the concentration of the agents increased the rate of inhibition. 2 The recovery rate from the time-dependent inhibition was the same as from desensitization except in Triton X-100 which slowed the recovery. 3 Hyperpolarizing the membrane potential caused an increase in the rate of the time-dependent inhibition. 4 It is suggested that the time-dependent inhibition and desensitization are very similar phenomena, with either ACh (in desensitization) or an agent (in time dependent inhibition) causing a block of the activated ACh receptor, and with dissociation from the binding site being very slow. 5 Many of the agents also cause a steady state inhibition of the ACh receptor which appears to be caused by a separate blocking action of the agents. PMID- 7378657 TI - A preliminary comparison of Cantonese and American-English as taste languages. AB - Groups of monolingual American-English speaking Americans of Chinese descent were compared with Cantonese/American-English bilingual Chinese living in America to examine their taste descriptions for a set of aqueous solutions. Cantonese, unlike other languages, did not appear to differ greatly from American-English in its general taste descriptive strategy and depth of vocabulary, although Cantonese speakers had a tendency to use 'glutamic' as a descriptive term for monosodium glutamate. PMID- 7378659 TI - Effects of subvocal suppression, articulating aloud and noise on sequence recall. AB - Subjects were required to reproduce in order a sequence of five letters; the set of letters was known so only memory for sequence was tested. Experiment 1 showed that suppressing subvocal rehearsal by saying 'the' continously during list presentation and until recall depressed performance to the same level on acoustically confusable and non-confusable lists. Listening to 85 dBC white noise during list presentation improved performance on acoustically confusable lists in non-suppression conditions and had no effect in suppression conditions. The result refutes the hypothesis that noise suppresses inner speech. Expts 2, 3 and 4 showed that articulating the items aloud during list presentation and until recall improved performance when lists were presented at 1/2 s per item and depressed it when they were presented at 2 s per item. Improvement occurred under 85 dBC white noise in Expts 2 and 4, but the improvement was only significant in non-articulation conditions. It is suggested that noise increases subvocal articulation and that both noise and articulation increase maintenance rehearsal at the expense of elaboration rehearsal. PMID- 7378658 TI - Speech modification in near-mute schizophrenics. AB - Twelve male neat-mute schizophrenics were divided into a model-plus-reinforcement group; a model-only group; and a control group, to test the hypothesis that the presence of a verbalizing model to 35 mm slides would serve as an eliciting stimulus to increase speech output. Significant increases in verbalizations were found over treatment sessions, the model-plus-reinforcement condition showing the most marked improvement. Generalization to the ward was found for only three subjects. PMID- 7378660 TI - Effects of processing depth, distinctiveness, and word frequency on retention. PMID- 7378661 TI - Relations among symmetry, asymmetry, perceptual comprehension of numerals by kindergarten and first grade children. AB - The main purpose of the study was to investigate whether or not the perceptual comprehension of symmetrically designed numerals is higher than that of asymmetrically designed ones. Other peripheral hypotheses on sex difference, differences between children of various socio-economic classes, and the differences between kindergarteners and first graders were also examined. Seventy three children participated in the study. The results of the study indicated that the major hypothesis was rejected, and that some subhypotheses were accepted. Implications were drawn from the findings of the study, as they relate to the differentiated functions of the brain, the teaching of reading and art, and to other cognitive styles. PMID- 7378662 TI - Heart-rate change as a measure of verbal storage and retrieval. AB - Heart rate and respiration were monitored while the subject listened for the appearance of a target sentence in a subsequent block of text. In two-thirds of the trails, the target sentence was altered by major or minor changes in wording, and the subject was asked to indicate whether or not a change had occurred. Heart rate preceding the first appearance of correctly recognized target sentences showed a steeper acceleration than heart rate preceding incorrectly recognized sentences. Mean heart rate during the correctly recognized embedded sentences showed a steeper deceleration than was present when the wording change was not recognized. Respiration amplitude decreased signifidantly discriminate between hits and misses, and did not correlate with change of heart rate. It was concluded that falling heart rate may be triggered by a shift in style of listening set in motion when the subject attends more closely to the specific words in the sentence as opposed to its underlying meaning. PMID- 7378667 TI - Treating sports injuries with a combination of ibuprofen and physiotherapy. PMID- 7378663 TI - Biomechanical factors in spinal injuries. PMID- 7378665 TI - Risk factors with acute sports injuries. PMID- 7378666 TI - The effect on healing of analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapy. PMID- 7378664 TI - The spine in sport--injuries, prevention and treatment. PMID- 7378668 TI - Groin injuries in athletes. PMID- 7378669 TI - Musculo-skeletal complications of jogging. PMID- 7378670 TI - Tendoperiostitis in the lateral femoral condyle in long-distance runners. PMID- 7378671 TI - Stress fractures. PMID- 7378673 TI - Parathyroid venous sampling: anatomic considerations and results in 95 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - The most successful method of preoperative parathyroid adenoma localization is achieved by assay of venous samples for parathyroid hormone content. Selective sampling of the small veins draining the parathyroid glands increases the accuracy of prediction. Our review of 95 recent cases confirms an efficacy of prediction in 87.5%. The anatomy of the veins draining the parathyroid glands is outlined and we note variations that may occur in the inferior thyroid venous drainage. We consider contralateral venous flow to be of greater significance than has been recognized hitherto. This cross flow occurs through the thyroid plexus, and also via the vertebral venous plexus posteriorly and the anterior jugular veins in the front of the neck. Recent improvements in hormone assay combined with greater knowledge of the parathyroid venous drainage pattern of the individual patient may further improve the prediction rate. PMID- 7378672 TI - FIMS appeal on World Health Day dedicated to "smoking and health". PMID- 7378675 TI - The pre-operative chest film in relation to post-operative management--some effects of different projection, posture and lung inflation. AB - An essential feature in the assessment of chest films is the comparability of successive examinations. This is particularly important in post-operative care and there are several factors which make the conventional departmental chest film an inappropriate standard for assessment of post-operative chest films. Pre operative chest films in patients undergoing cardiac surgery have, therefore, been taken in both upright and supine positions at full inspiration (total lung capacity) (TLC) and at resting expiration (functional residual capacity) (FRC) and then compared with those taken post-operatively. Significant differences in transverse cardiac diameter, cardio thoracic ratio, mediastinal width and vertical lung height were found in films taken with the patient supine, AP at inspiration or resting expiration, circumstances in which many chest films are taken in both post-operative and in intensive care patients. The taking of pre operative films at lung volumes and in postures comparable with those occurring post-operatively is advocated. PMID- 7378674 TI - Iotroxamide--a new cholangiographic agent. Relation between plasma concentration and biliary excretion in man. AB - The relationship between infusion rates, plasma concentration and biliary excretion of iotroxamide were studied in 24 patients with a T-tube in situ. Plasma iotroxamide concentration was linearly related to the rate of infusion over a dose range of 0.525 to 6.3 mg/kg/min. Peak biliary concentrations and excretory rates of iotroxamide were seen when the plasma concentration was of the order of 1500 microgram/ml. The results suggest that when using a one hour infusion of iotroxamide near optimal concentrations of iodine in the bile duct can be achieved with an infusion rate of around 4 mg/kg/minute. No toxic effects were noticed from the use of this new cholangiographic agent. PMID- 7378676 TI - The effect of various background protocols on the measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction in equilibrium radionuclide angiography. AB - Four methods of calculating left ventricular ejection fraction from equilibrium radionuclide angiography have been assessed for inter-observer variability and compared to single-plane contrast cineangiography. The superiority of data processing methods which use a left ventricular region of interest which follows the changing size of the left ventricle into systole is demonstrated. A simple method of correcting for background is suggested as an alternative for those centres not possessing the necessary software for methods involving a changing region of interest. PMID- 7378677 TI - The statistics of dose/cure relationships for irradiated tumours. Part I. AB - This paper discusses the statistical analysis of dose/cure experiments, developing the simplest possible theory in detail with special attention to experimental design and to the range of validity of the methods advocated. Explanations are aimed at the mathematics-tolerant, not at the mathematician. PMID- 7378678 TI - The influence of two radiosensitizers on the induction of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes by X-radiation. AB - The influence of metronidazole and misonidazole on the induction of unstable chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes was examined. A suitable treatment concentration of 8 mM was chosen for both chemicals because this produced a maximal effect when combined with 3.0 Gy X rays without adversely affecting cell viability. Misonidazole concentrations above 20 mM resulted in a severely reduced yield of metaphase spreads after 48 h in culture. Under conditions of anoxia, the addition of 8 mM sensitizer without irradiation produced no increase in the number of gross chromosome aberrations. A small, statistically non-significant, increase in aberration yields was observed in treated lymphocytes irradiated at venous oxygen concentration. Radiation dose-response curves for anoxic blood containing 8 mM metronidazole or misonidazole were compared with previously obtained curves for dicentric and total aberration induction in untreated anoxic blood. Values calculated from these curves for the enhancement ratios at dose above about 1.0 Gy were 1.4 and 2.2 for metronidazole and misonidazole respectively. These values are comparable with enhancement ratios observed in other biological systems. PMID- 7378679 TI - Gridless (low radiation dose) pelvimetry. PMID- 7378680 TI - Equivalent half-value thicknesses and mean energies of filtered X-ray bremsstrahlung spectra. PMID- 7378681 TI - Ultrasound scanning in a case of thanatophoric dwarfism with clover-leaf skull. PMID- 7378682 TI - Hose pipe colon due to massive peritoneal metastasis. PMID- 7378683 TI - Herbal-enema colitis and stricture. PMID- 7378685 TI - NMR neuroradiography. PMID- 7378684 TI - Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome: a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in the newborn. PMID- 7378686 TI - A comparison of the biological effect of 125I and 192Ir gamma rays on the roots of Vicia faba using a specially designed applicator. PMID- 7378687 TI - Angulation of radiotherapy treatment machines in a non-co-planar field technique. PMID- 7378688 TI - NSD and cell survival. PMID- 7378692 TI - Clinical aspects of hyperthermia, including physics, radiobiology and radiotherapy, Meeting held November 15, 1979 [abstracts]. PMID- 7378690 TI - Neutron sources for cancer therapy. PMID- 7378689 TI - Three-dimensional CT and structure models. PMID- 7378691 TI - Endoscopic and radiological assessment of recurrent ulceration after peptic ulcer surgery. PMID- 7378693 TI - Arthrotomographic diagnosis of meniscus perforations in the temporomandibular joint. AB - A method of diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) meniscus perforation is described along with the clinical incidence and significance. Meniscus perforations are believed to accelerate degenerative disease of the TMJ. Perforations were diagnosed in 12% of the patient series by arthrography. Arthrography of the TMJ offers an important diagnostic method relevant to current diagnosis and treatment of joint pain and dysfunction. PMID- 7378695 TI - Paget's disease of the lumbar spine. AB - The frequency and extent of lumbar spondylosis is no greater in patients with Paget's disease (osteitis deformans) affecting the lumbar spine than in control groups, whether or not the disease is accompanied by deformity of vertebrae, and we have found no evidence that Paget's disease predisposes to our enhances lumbar spondylosis. The similarity of distribution of the Paget's disease and of degenerative spondylosis raises the possibility that bone stress may be an aetiological factor in the formation of Paget's disease of bone. PMID- 7378694 TI - Hysterosalpingography: an appraisal of current indications. AB - A prospective study was carried out on 230 consecutive hysterosalpingograms (HSGs), in which a variety of techniques was used. The primary site of investigation was tubal, uterine and cervical in 76.5, 7.8 and 15.7% of cases respectively. The highest incidence of abnormal findings was obtained in the investigation of secondary infertility, especially following tubal surgery. Twenty-five women had a laparoscopy and dye insufflation within nine months of their HSG, and fully concordant results were found in 17 cases. The disposable cervical cup method of hysterosalpingography offered a precise means of quantifying the internal cervical os diameter. The mean internal os diameter in those women referred with a past history of mid-trimester abortion was significantly greater than that of the group with secondary infertility (P less than .05). A diameter of 0.7 cm is suggested as a practical cut-off point for the radiological diagnosis of cervical incompetence. PMID- 7378696 TI - Percutaneous arterial embolization in the kidneys of dogs: a comparative study of eight different materials. AB - Forty-one dogs were subjected to percutaneous arterial embolization of branches of the renal artery or its main trunk with or without prior injury to the kidney, with eight different materials, i.e., homologous blood clot, muscle, fat, fascia, barium sulphate, plain catgut, gelfoam and polyvinyl alcohol (Ivalon). From the immediate observations made, as well as the haemodynamic, angiographic and histological studies over a period ranging from 24 h to several weeks, it was concluded that Ivalon was the best material for arterial embolization. PMID- 7378697 TI - An assessment of the clinical effects of reporting accident and emergency radiographs. AB - A prospective study of the accuracy of interpretation of radiographs by casualty officers and radiologists is presented. The casualty officers readings were correct in 83% of cases, and the radiologists' in 95%. There was agreement of interpretation in 83% of the examinations. This study indicates that there are clinical and economic benefits when the radiologist's report is available before the patient leaves the hospital. Delayed reporting of films is considered to be less satisfactory but is still of value as it increases the detection of clinically significant abnormalities and also clarifies most of the 10% of studies about which the casualty officer is uncertain. Where a delayed reporting system is practised, a25% reduction in radiologist's workload would be achieved by reporting only those films considered by the casualty officer to be "normal" or "uncertain". Attempts to reduce workload still further by not reporting any films will increase the number of patients poorly managed in casualty. PMID- 7378698 TI - Delayed gall-bladder films are important after endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. AB - Gall-bladder stones may be missed on conventional biliary radiology and grey scale ultrasonography. Patients with unexplained pains and recurrent pancreatitis are increasingly being referred for endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and pancreatography (ERCP). Two cases are presented to illustrate the importance of taking delayed films of the gall-bladder. PMID- 7378701 TI - A test object for assessing image quality in mammography. AB - The problems inherent in the design and manufacture of mammographic test objects are discussed and a test object is described which may be used for assessing image quality. Some typical results from both good and bad mammographic machine/film combinations are presented. PMID- 7378700 TI - Negative development xeroradiography of the breast: doses and clinical indications. AB - Negative-mode xeroradiography is discussed in relation to the clinical indications and the radiation doses in the breast per exposure. The radiation doses have been obtained using a computer algorithm specially designed to calculate breast volumes by constructing a three-dimensional body from the two dimensional cranio-caudal and medio-lateral images. A mathematical integration procedure is then applied throughout the volume to obtain the absorbed dose. PMID- 7378702 TI - The statistics of dose/cure relationships for irradiated tumours. Part II. PMID- 7378699 TI - Hodgkin's disease complicated by radiation sarcoma in bone. AB - Seven patients after treatment of Hodgkin's Disease who developed bone sarcomas in the radiation field were seen at this centre over the past eight years. Radiation-induced sarcoma in bone in patients with Hodgkin's Disease is poorly documented. The large number of cases appeared to be an important new development and led to our review of all the patients with radiation-induced sarcomas (RIS) seen at this centre over the past 40 years. Thirty-seven patients with RIS in previously normal bone were found, and of these, only one patient with underlying Hodgkin's Disease, who was seen here 27 years earlier. Hodgkin's Disease and breast cancer were the most common primary underlying conditions and, as a result, the bones of the shoulder girdle were the commonest site of radiation induced sarcoma. The clinical histories and radiographic findings of the eight patients with underlying Hodgkin's Disease are discussed in detail. PMID- 7378703 TI - Fractionation studies with combined X rays and hyperthermia in vivo. AB - The combined effects of single and fractionated doses of X rays and local heat were investigated using an experimental fibrosarcoma and normal mouse skin. Thermal enhancement ratios were measured from pairs of dose-response curves for both tumour and skin, and the therapeutic advantage of each treatment was then assessed by comparing the enhancement for tumour and skin. For single doses there was a therapeutic advantage when heat was applied three hours after X rays but not with heat applied immediately after irradiation. For two and five daily fractions with heat immediately after irradiation there was significantly less thermal sensitization in tumour than in skin; hence there was a therapeutic loss. When heat was applied at three hours after each fraction there was no thermal sensitization in either skin or tumour; the therapeutic ratio was therefore 1.0. The repair capacity of skin after fractionated X rays alone, or in combination with heat, was also investigated. Heat immediately after X rays caused a small decrease in the repair capacity between two fractions but no decreased repair capacity was observed with five fractions. PMID- 7378705 TI - A multiple exposure penetrameter cassette for measurement of effective kilovoltage. PMID- 7378706 TI - Extensive local necrosis following the intravenous use of X-ray contrast medium in the upper extremity. PMID- 7378707 TI - Unusual demonstration of a Meckel's diverticulum containing enteroliths. PMID- 7378704 TI - Loss of iodine 125 from labelled proteins. PMID- 7378708 TI - Demonstration of a carotid body tumour by ultrasound. PMID- 7378709 TI - Unruptured ectopic pregnancy and intrauterine contraceptive device demonstrated by grey-scale ultrasound. PMID- 7378710 TI - Re-assessment of normalization between fractionated and continuous radiotherapy for the CRE and TDF equations. PMID- 7378711 TI - Hypoxic-cell sensitizers and sister chromatid exchanges. PMID- 7378712 TI - Care with radiosensitizers. PMID- 7378713 TI - Care with radiosensitizers. PMID- 7378714 TI - Detail versus contrast in computed tomography. PMID- 7378715 TI - Reported n and Dq values can be misleading. PMID- 7378716 TI - Diagnosis of renal agenesis using ultrasonography. PMID- 7378718 TI - Semantic aphasia: a neglected entity. PMID- 7378717 TI - Word-finding as a function of stimulus context: children compared with aphasic adults. PMID- 7378719 TI - Effects of sentential stress and word class upon comprehension in Broca's aphasics. PMID- 7378721 TI - Subgroups of developmental language impairment. PMID- 7378722 TI - Right-hemisphere language: familial and nonfamilial sinistrals, cognitive deficits and writing hand position in sinistrals, and concrete-abstract, imageable-nonimageable dimensions in word recognition. A review of interrelated issues. PMID- 7378720 TI - Dichotic listening in the recovery of aphasia after stroke. PMID- 7378723 TI - Do alcoholic amnesic patients passively rehearse verbal information? PMID- 7378724 TI - Stimulus repetition in studies of laterality. PMID- 7378725 TI - Left-handers show greater test-retest variability in auditory and visual asymmetry. PMID- 7378727 TI - Dysarthric symptomatology of Friedreich's ataxia. PMID- 7378728 TI - Task relevant effects on the assessment of cerebral specialization for facial emotion. PMID- 7378726 TI - Hemispheric asymmetries in the perception of musical intervals as a function of musical experience and family handedness background. PMID- 7378730 TI - Phonological processing in Broca's aphasics. PMID- 7378731 TI - Cortical stimulation and speech timing: a preliminary observation. PMID- 7378729 TI - Verbal and nonverbal recognition memory in aphasic and nonaphasic stroke patients. PMID- 7378732 TI - Feature analysis and the Token Test. PMID- 7378733 TI - Physiological identification of GABA as the inhibitory transmitter for mammalian cortical neurons in cell culture. AB - (1) Rat cortical neurons grown in dissociated cell culture exhibit IPSPs which appear to be generated by an increase in membrane conductance to chloride. (2) The neurons are all sensitive to GABA in micromolar concentrations and GABA mimics the inhibitory transmitter. (3) The neurons are much less sensitive to glycine and insensitive to taurine. (4) Bicuculline and strychnine both block essentially all IPSPs and at the same concentrations block GABA effects. (5) It is concluded that GABA is the main, or only, inhibitory transmitter utilized by the cortical neurons in vitro. The relevance of this conclusion to in situ transmitter identification is discussed. PMID- 7378735 TI - Inhibition of rat brain norepinephrine N-methyltransferase by 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro 1H-indeno [1,2-c]pyridine hydrochloride (LY87130). PMID- 7378736 TI - Sexual dimorphism in 'wiring pattern' in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and its modification by neonatal hormonal environment. PMID- 7378734 TI - Biochemical correlates of GABA function in rat cortical neurons in culture. AB - Serial biochemical studies of a rat cortical tissue culture system in which synapses regularly form showed that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is present in the cultures and increases with their maturation. The tissue GABA concentration in mature cultures is similar to that of adult rat cortex in vivo. The synthetic enzyme, glutamate decarboxylase, also increases with age as does high affinity GABA uptake. GABA uptake was blocked by L-2,4-diaminobutyrate (DABA) and had the properties of neuronal GABA uptake. Specific release by depolarizing media of both exogenous [3H]GABA and GABA synthesized from D-[U-14C]glucose was demonstrated. The GABA released by high potassium media had higher specific activity and a greater contribution from glucose (as compared to acetate) than GABA found in the medium in the absence of depolarization. Calcium dependency of evoked GABA release could be shown only after pretreatment of cultures with ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid or EGTA. Synaptosomes may exhibit greater calcium dependence of evoked transmitter release than intact cells in culture because their intracellular calcium stores are depleted during preparation. Glycine uptake by the cultures was much less in amount than was GABA uptake, and specific release of glycine could not be demonstrated. Specific binding of both a GABA agonist ([3H]muscimol) and an antagonist ([3H]bicuculline) was shown by membranes prepared from the cultures. By contrast, when [3H]muscimol binding to intact cells was studied, essentially all binding was sodium dependent and had the properties of GABA uptake binding. We conclude that the use of [3H]muscimol for receptor studies is valid only after the elimination of GABA uptake systems. Biochemical data from these studies support the concept that GABA is the transmitter for many cortical synapses. Glycine and taurine are not likely to be transmitters in these cortical cultures. When considered together with physiological data from the preceding paper, we have satisfied Werman's criteria (see ref. 36) for accepting GABA as the major inhibitory transmitter in the cortical culture system. PMID- 7378738 TI - Differential properties of orthodromic and antidromic impulse propagation across the Mauthner cell initial segment. PMID- 7378737 TI - Visual callosal connections in the golden hamster. PMID- 7378739 TI - Impulse propagation along a myelinated vertebrate axon lacking nodes of Ranvier. PMID- 7378740 TI - Nerve growth factor disrupts metabolism and behavioral performance of intact rats but does not affect recovery from hypothalamic lesions. PMID- 7378741 TI - Stress-induced increases in rat brain arginyl-tRNA transferase activity. PMID- 7378744 TI - Site of the initiation of penicillin-induced epilepsy in the cortex cerebri of the rat. PMID- 7378743 TI - Selective effect of reinforcing doses of morphine in striatum. PMID- 7378742 TI - The effect of gamma-vinyl GABA and gamma-acetylenic GABA on the concentration of homocarnosine in brain and CSF of the rat. PMID- 7378745 TI - Changes in local cerebral blood flow and neuronal activity during sensory stimulation in normal and sympathectomized cats. AB - Activities of neurons of the thalamic relay nucleus and cortical somatosensory area which are capable of producing excitatory potentials in response to stimulation of the sciatic nerve were recorded, and local cerebral blood flow was measured simultaneously using a double microelectrode under local anesthesia in both non-pretreated cats and cats undergoing chemical denervation of the vasoadrenergic nerves by intraventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA), in order to unmask the neural control on the cerebral vessels during increase of local metabolic rate. The results obtained may be summarized as follows. (1) A positive correlation was found between an increase in firing rate of a single neuron in the thalamic relay nucleus and somatosensory area and an increase in local cerebral blood flow following stimulation of the sciatic nerve. A distinct spatial and quantitative correlation was thus observed between neural activity and cerebral blood flow. (2) In 6-OHDA-pretreated cats, an increase in neuronal firing rate was observed following stimulation of the sciatic nerve, as it was in non-pretreated cats, but the concurrent response of local cerebral blood flow was seriously impaired. All these findings indicate that the increase in local cerebral blood flow occurring in association with increased neural activity does not result solely from increased local metabolism and a consequent increase in CO2 production, but requires for its occurrence that certain basic conditions be satisfied and maintained by the vasoadrenergic innervation. PMID- 7378746 TI - Postsynaptic distribution of acetylcholine receptors in electroplax of the torpedine ray, Narcine brasiliensis. AB - Other investigations have shown that many postsynaptic membranes which contain high densities of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor appear to be unusually thick in electron micrographs. This peculiarity is believed to arise in part from the receptor protein itself. We show that in electroplax of Narcine brasiliensis, the thick membrane is found in juxtaneural postsynaptic regions, but not in deeper portions of junctional fold-like postsynaptic papillae or in extrasynaptic regions of the innervated face. Autoradiographic localization of receptor-bound [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin confirms that high densities of receptor are confined to juxtaneural regions. Narcine electric tissue thus provides a system for biochemical study of an acetylcholine receptor localization similar to that found at the mammalian or amphibian neuromuscular junction. Limited data suggest that similar postsynaptic distributions of receptor also occur in electroplax of several species of Torpedo. PMID- 7378747 TI - Mechanisms of regrowth in the bulbospinal serotonin system following 5,6 dihydroxytryptamine induced axotomy. II. Fluorescence histochemical observations. PMID- 7378748 TI - Noradrenergic innervation of the rat hypothalamus:experimental biochemical and electron microscopic studies. AB - The concentrations of noradrenaline in individual hypothalamic nuclei and in the median eminence were measured 7-10 days following surgical transections of the lower brain stem or electrolytic lesions of the medullary noradrenaline containing cell groups. Terminal degeneration in the hypothalamus was studied after the same surgical procedures. Direct, monosynaptic connections between the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and all the noradrenaline-containing cell groups investigated were found. Degenerated synaptic boutons were demonstrated in the median eminence, arcuate, dorsomedial, ventromedial, periventricular and paraventricular nuclei following lesions of the solitary tract and of the lateral reticular nucleus. Biochemical measurements indicate that the pontine-medullary noradrenergic cell groups are the source of hypothalamic norepinephrine. Ascending noradrenergic fibers destined to terminate in the hypothalamus are provided by several cell groups, though the bulk of the NA-fibers seem to originate in the A1-group, in the ventrolateral part of the medullary reticular formation. Most of these fibers join the ventral NA bundle, fewer join the dorsal periventricular tract and several probably also join the dorsal NA bundle. A significant overlap was found in the hypothalamic arborization of the noradrenergic fibers, so that no strict topographical organization seems to be present either in their origin or their termination. PMID- 7378750 TI - Genetic studies of daily variations of first-step enzymes of monoamines metabolism in the brain of inbred strains of mice and hybrids. I. Daily variations of tryptophan hydroxylase activity in the nuclei raphe dorsalis, raphe centralis and in the striatum. AB - A daily variation of tryptophan hydroxylase (TrH) activity was observed in the raphe dorsalis (RD), raphe centralis (RC) and striatum (St) of 3 inbred strains of mice (BALB/c, C57BL/6, C57BR) and of the reciprocal hybrids obtained from Balb/c and C57BL6. Significant differences of the characteristics of these rhythms have been found in the same strain between different structures and for the same structure between different strains. In RD and RC hybridization led to less defined daily variations which, in the striatum, remained well synchronized and could be controlled by a dominant genetic mechanism part. These results help to discuss evidence for selective control mechanisms of regulation responsible for daily variation of TrH in the 5-HT cell bodies and terminals and their relative independence. PMID- 7378751 TI - Genetic studies of daily variations of first-step enzymes of monoamines metabolism in the brain of inbred strains of mice and hybrids. II. Daily variations of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the locus coeruleus. AB - Daily variations of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in the locus coeruleus of 3 inbred strains of mice (BALB/c; C57BL6; C57Br) and the F1 hybrids obtained from BALB/c and C57BL/6 are discussed. Precise characteristics of the circadian rhythms were observed in each strain. They were found significantly different in two genetically pure parents (BALB/c and C57BL6). In their two F1 hybrids the daily variation of TH activity was similar to that observed in one of the parents (C57BL6). This strongly suggests selective and genetically controlled mechanisms of regulation responsible for the daily variation of TH activity in the locus coeruleus of mice. PMID- 7378749 TI - Regenerative critical periods for locus coeruleus in postnatal rat pups following intracisternal 6-hydroxydopamine: a model of noradrenergic development. AB - Rat pups were injected intracisternally with 20, 40 or 80 microgram of 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) at various ages over the first 12 postnatal days in order to determine the critical period of the noradrenergic regenerative sprouting response in the cerebellum. Twenty-four hours after the treatment NE fibers in the cerebellum had become extensively degenerated. NE levels were reduced by greater than 90-95% and histofluorescence microscopy revealed an absence of innervation except for lesioned axon stumps in the basal white matter and peduncles. The 80 microgram dose produced considerable cellular degeneration in the locus coeruleus and no regenerative growth was seen to follow this treatment. Following the two lower doses, however, regenerative growth did occur. This was maximal in those rats treated closest to birth and declined progressively to become insignificant in rats which were treated on postnatal days 5-12, depending upon the cerebellar subregion. This decline in regenerative potential paralleled the time course for development of NE levels in control cerebella. For this reason the mechanism(s) controlling noradrenergic developmental and regenerative growth in the cerebellum appear to be similar. Such regenerative growth may thus be a useful model for the study of developmental growth of locus coeruleus axons. Contrary to the cerebellar projection, regenerative growth of the forebrain noradrenergic projection was not detected until the rats were between 7 and 12 days old at the time of treatment. This regeneration in the cerebral cortex was preceded by incomplete initial destruction of NE fibers there, in apparent similarity to regenerative growth described to occur in the adult rat forebrain. PMID- 7378752 TI - Developmental changes in neurophysiological taste responses from the medulla in sheep. AB - To determine whether functional characteristics of the taste system change during development, electrophysiological taste responses were recorded from neurons in the solitary complex (nucleus and tractus solitarius) in the medulla of fetal, newborn and adult sheep. Taste stimuli included NH4Cl, KCl, NaCl, LiCl, citric acid, and HCl, applied to the anterior tongue. Fetal neurons at all ages (84-137 days of gestation) responded to stimulation of the tongue with NH4Cl and KCl, but responses to NaCl and LiCl were only obtained in older fetuses (after 114 days of gestation), lambs and adults. Responses to citric aicd were obtained at all ages; however, HCl responses were only infrequently obtained in young fetuses. Other developmental changes included a progressive decrease in latency of the responses to NH4Cl, KCl, citric acid and HCl, and an increase in the duration of the neural response discharge as a function of gestational age. Since taste buds do not acquire the structural characteristics of the adult until the last third of gestation (approximately 100-147 days), these functional changes in taste response characteristics take place concurrently with structural development. Mammalian fetuses swallow amniotic fluid in utero, and, therefore, the fetal taste system is stimulated during structural and functional development. Thus, there is an opportunity for fetal gustatory experience to influence the developing taste system. PMID- 7378753 TI - Carbachol triggering of desynchronized sleep phenomena: enhancement via small volume infusions. AB - Two physical factors affecting the behavioral effects of drugs microinjected into the pontine tegmentum have been studied. Reducing the volume of vehicle produced a dramatic enhancement of the capacity of the long-acting cholinergic agent carbachol to induce desynchronized (D) sleep-like behavior (Dcarb). Enhancement of Dcarb was also achieved by substitute passive diffusion for active pumping of a given volume of carbachol solution. Controlling these two physical factors makes Dcarb a compelling experimental model for the study of D sleep mechanisms. The results also give support to the concept of a localized population of cholinoceptive neurons in the pontine reticular formation whose activation is a key step in the generation of physiological D. PMID- 7378754 TI - Projections of the carotid sinus nerve to the nucleus of the solitary tract in the cat. PMID- 7378755 TI - Brain stem blood vessels and the organization of the lateral reticular formation in the medulla oblongata of the cat. PMID- 7378756 TI - Location and organization of thalamic thermosensitive neurons responding to cooling the cat oral-facial regions. PMID- 7378757 TI - Dorsal raphe nucleus stimulation reduces centrally-elicited fearlike behavior. PMID- 7378758 TI - Immunochemical demonstration of increased choline acetyltransferase concentration in rat preoptic area after estradiol administration. PMID- 7378759 TI - Factors specifying the development of synapse number in the rat dentate gyrus: effects of partial target loss. AB - The development of the dentate gyrus has been studied under conditions of partial reduction of granule cell number. Neonatal rats were subjected to X-irradiation, a procedure which reduces the number of granule cells to 20% of control values. In X-irradiated rats, quantitative analyses were performed on cells in the entorhinal cortex which give rise to the perforant path projection to the dentate granule cells, and on the remaining, undamaged dentate granule cells. These residual cells were examined morphologically for possible hyperdevelopment in comparison to granule cells from control animals. Granule cells in X-irradiated animals were similar to granule cells in control animals with respect to dendritic structure and synaptic density. The number of neurons in both the medial and lateral entorhinal cortices in X-irradiated animals appeared normal until day 12, at which time a selective reduction in cell numbers became apparent. By day 30, 25-55% of the cells of origin of the perforant path were absent in X-irradiated animals. It is hypothesized that these cells are subject to retrograde transynaptic degeneration as a result of target removal. Further, it appears that granule cells play an important role in determining the density of their innervation. PMID- 7378760 TI - Electrical activity of neurosecretory axons from the brain of Rhodnius prolixus: relation of changes in the pattern of activity to endocrine events during the moulting cycle. AB - Ongoing electrical activity was recorded from the axons of neurosecretory cells from the brain of 5th instar Rhodnius prolixus throughout the moulting cycle. Dramatic changes in both the frequency and pattern of electrical activity occur at specific times during the cycle, enabling the timing of release of neurohormones from the brain to be inferred. The level of transport of stainable secretion appears to be closely coupled to the electrical activity at all times. Activity is low in unfed Rhodnius, but within minutes of the insect taking a blood meal, there is a rapid appearance of bursting activity from a number of units, in conjunction with apparently continuous firing components. The bursting activity declines at about 2 h remaining low for the following 5 days, at which time there is a resurgence in the bursting pattern for a few hours. Both peaks of bursting activity immediately precede increases in haemolymph titer of ecdysones, suggesting that release of prothoracotropic hormone occurs on these two occasions. The continuously firing components initiated at feeding maintain a high level for 5 days indicating release of other brain neurosecretions. Intense electrical activity in the form of bursting activity and high apparently continuous pattern resumes shortly before ecdysis and continues until 12 h after. The relationship of neurohormone release at this time to bursicon and ecdysis behavior is discussed. PMID- 7378762 TI - Morphology and ultrastructure of anterior thalamic neurons solidly labeled with horseradish peroxidase. AB - 'Golgi-like' labeling of anterior thalamic neurons was achieved by injecting horseradish peroxidase dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) into the striatum of the rabbit. Forty-eight hours after injection, elements of the presumed thalamocortical population of anterior thalamic neurons are diffused filled with HRP to the extent that their dendritic arborizations, and even spinous processes, can be readily characterized. Ultrastructurally, these solidly labeled thalamic neurons are seen to contain large, irregular electron dense granules dispersed within a moderately electron dense cytoplasm. PMID- 7378761 TI - The role of epileptic activity in hippocampal and "remote" cerebral lesions induced by kainic acid. AB - Kainic acid (KA) was injected systemically, intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) and focally in the amygdala and other deep brain structures in the rat. EEG and behavioral changes were studied in relation to the neuropathology which developed subsequently. Following intra-amygdaloid KA injection, diazepam blocked the epileptic events induced by the toxin, and abolished the neuronal loss usually seen in the lateral septum, claustrum, and contralateral cortex and hippocampus. The lesions in medial thalamic structures and ipsilateral hippocampus were also reduced by diazepam. Prior transection of the perforant path ipsilateral to the KA injection also decreased the severity of the electrographic and motor effects of the toxin and similarly reduced the extent of distant ("remote") pathological brain damage. Neither diazepam nor perforant path transection reduced the damage at the site of KA injection. Kainic acid (0.4-2 microgram) injected into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) or the medial septum produced seizures with a longer latency and little brain damage outside the injection site. In contrast, intrastriatal KA injections were followed by ipsilateral hippocampal lesions. i.c.v. Injection of KA (0.4-1.6 microgram) produced a complex syndrome which included bilateral exophthalmos, mydriasis, foaming, tremor of the vibrissae, and paw and body tremor. The pattern of brain damage resembled that seen following intra-amygdaloid administration of the toxin. In addition, however, there was a bilateral necrosis of the pyriform and prepyriform cortices up to the rhinal fissure. Systemic administration of diazepam (i.p.) reduced the extent of the damage and in particular completely prevented the cortical damage. Systemic administration of KA (9-15 mg/kg i.p.) readily produced motor and EEG seizures similar to those seen after intra-amygdaloid injection of the toxin. The pattern of brain damage was however more symmetrical than that which followed focal i.c.v. injection of the toxin and included necrosis of the pyriform cortex. It is concluded that spread of seizure activity from the injection site plays a crucial role in the induction of "remote" brain damage after focal intracerebral injections. PMID- 7378763 TI - Mossy fiber projections to the cerebellar flocculus from the extraocular muscle afferents. AB - Inputs from extraocular muscles to the cerebellar flocculus were studied in anesthetized rabbits by recording neural responses either to electric stimulation to the nerve of the extraocular muscle or to the extraocular muscle stretch. The mossy fiber (mf) origin of the responses was identified by the similarity in the laminal profiles of these responses to those of the mossy fiber responses due to eighth nerve stimulation, the capacity to follow repetitive stimulation and the responses of simple spike discharges of Purkinje cells. The latency of mf responses evoked by electric stimulation of the afferent nerve from the superior oblique muscle was about 4.5-8.0 msec. Ramp displacements applied either to an individual extraocular muscle or to the whole eyeball also produced mf responses. Simple spike discharges of flocculus Purkinje cells were modulated by ramp displacements of extraocular muscles. Forty cells out of 47 cells examined responded with excitation and in 7 cells only inhibition was detected. Phasic, tonic and phasictonic excitations were obtained during ramp displacements. Responses of simple spike discharges were classified as direction-specific, plane specific and non-specific types depending on the convergence of afferent sources of muscles producing excitation. Loci in the flocculus responding to extraocular muscle stimulation were studied histologically and it was revealed that mf responses from extraocular muscles were obtained in extensive parts of the flocculus. PMID- 7378764 TI - Intracortical distribution of axonal collaterals of pyramidal tract cells in the cat motor cortex. AB - Slow and fast pyramidal tract cells (Pt cells) from the cat motor cortex were identified antidromically and injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The axonal collaterals of these cells were mapped following HRP histochemistry with benzidine di-hydrochloride. All cells, slow or fast, show a similar arrangement of their collaterals. A proximal axonal network of 0.5-0.8 mm in diameter delimits a local field of action for collaterals in layers V and VI. The tangential expansion of this local field corresponds to that of the basal dendritic domain of Pt neurons. Much longer collaterals running for millimeters in the lower gray or white matter were observed in all cells. They form at a cortical level a distal field of action for Pt neurons. Many of these long branches were traced to other regions of area 4 or toward other cytoarchitectonic areas. In one case a collateral was seen entering and dividing in area 3a. Due to limitations of the HRP technique most of these long branches could not be followed to their terminals. On the basis of the laminar distribution of Pt cell collaterals (mostly in layers V and VI) synaptic sites where recurrent excitation and inhibition are produced on Pt neurons are discussed. PMID- 7378765 TI - The localization of lectin binding sites during photoreceptor synaptogenesis in the chick retina. AB - Carbohydrate-containing macromolecules have been localized in the outer plexiform layer of the embryonic and hatchling chick retina by horseradish peroxidase conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) lectins. Both WGA and RCA binding sites are present along developing photoreceptor synaptic membranes in the embryonic retina and the plasma membranes of developing neurites and glia. After photoreceptor synapse formation, RCA staining is restricted to non-synaptic membranes, but WGA staining is present on the pre- and post-synaptic membranes of receptor ribbon synapses in addition to non-synaptic membranes. These differing results between the accessibility of RCA and WGA binding sites on mature synaptic membranes in the chick retina suggests that RCA receptors on synaptic membranes are somehow masked after synapse formation and maturation, but that WGA receptors remain accessible. The effects of enzymatic digestion on WGA and RCA binding has been studied after prior treatment with neuraminidase. RCA staining of developing synaptic and non synaptic membranes in the embryo remains the same after treatment with the enzyme, but in the hatchling RCA staining of non-synaptic membranes is enhanced, which suggests that galactosyl residues are relatively exposed on immature membranes but inaccessible to the lectin on mature membranes until neuraminidase acts to expose them by removing the terminal sialic acid residues. WGA staining on developing synaptic and non-synaptic membranes in the embryo is greatly diminished after neuraminidase pretreatment which suggests that a considerable amount of staining at this time is due to sialic acid in addition to N acetylglucosamine. In the hatchling, photoreceptor synaptic membranes are no longer labeled with WGA and non-synaptic membrane staining is reduced after neuraminidase digestion, which suggests that after synapse formation synaptic membrane WGA labeling is primarily to sialyl residues, whereas most of the non synaptic labeling is to N-acetylglucosamine residues. PMID- 7378767 TI - The action of gamma-vinyl-GABA and gamma-acetylenic-GABA on the resting and stimulated release of GABA in vivo. AB - The effects of gamma-vinyl-GABA (4-amino-hex-5-enoic acid, RMI 71754) and gamma acetylenic-GABA (4-amino-hex-5-ynoic acid, RMI 71645), the selective and irreversible inhibitors of GABA-transaminase (E.C. 2.6.1.19), on the resting and stimulated release of GABA and other amino acids from sensorimotor cortex of rats was studied using a superfusion technique. Administration of a single dose of gamma-vinyl-GABA (1500 mg/kg i.p.) caused the appearance of GABA in superfusate. This reached a maximal peak size after 50 min and remained high for 3 h. gamma Vinyl-GABA was also released and reached a maximum value after 20 min and decreased to low levels during 3 h. There was no direct parallelism between the time courses of release of GABA and gamma-vinyl-GABA. Also, the amount of GABA released was much larger when the drug was administered by i.p. injection than when applied directly to the cortex surface through the cannula at 100 microM. In the presence of gamma-vinyl-GABA, stimulation of the brachial plexus contralateral to the superfusion cannula increased GABA and glutamate release, but was without effect on gamma-vinyl-GABA itself or any other amino acid. In the presence of gamma-acetylenic-GABA the contralateral stimulation increased significantly only the rate of release of glutamate and the combined peaks of GABA and gamma-acetylenic-GABA. These changes were not observed to follow stimulation of the ipsilateral plexus. Stimulation of either plexus had no detectable action on the rates of release of GABA from the visual cortex. The changes in rates of release of GABA and glutamate due to stimuli were reversible, returning to control levels after cessation of the stimulation. PMID- 7378769 TI - Axonal branch diameter and spacing of nodes in the terminal arborization of identified thalamic and cortical neurons. PMID- 7378768 TI - Effects of anesthetic treatment on motor neuron death in xenopus. AB - Xenopus tadpoles were introduced into anesthetic (chlorbutanol) solutions during a developmental period in which naturally occurring loss of lumbar spinal motor neurons takes place. Animals that developed in these solutions were sacrificed after various lengths of time and the number of lumbar motor neurons were counted. No significant difference was detected between experimental and control motor neuron counts throughout the period in which most of the cells are normally lost. A similar finding is reported when one or more lumbar spinal nerves were blocked locally with implants of anesthetic (procaine) impregnated silastic chips. PMID- 7378766 TI - Loss and reacquisition of hippocampal synapses after selective destruction of CA3 CA4 afferents with kainic acid. AB - Intraventricular injections of kainic acid were used to destroy the hippocampal CA3-CA4 cells bilaterally in rats, thus denervating the inner third of the molecular layer of the fascia dentata and stratum radiatum of area CA1. Electron microscopic studies showed that this lesion reduced the synaptic density of the CA1 stratum radiatum by an average of 86%. The synaptic density of the inner third of the dorsal dentate molecular layer declined by two-thirds and the corresponding zone of the ventral dentate molecular layer by about half. Within 6 8 weeks the synaptic density of these laminae had been restored to the control value or nearly so. In the CA1 stratum radiatum about 72% of the synaptic contacts destroyed by the lesion were replaced, the inner third of the ventral dentate molecular layer recovered 75% of its lost synapses and the inner third of the dorsal dentate molecular layer apparently recovered virtually all of them. The newly formed synapses did not differ noticeably from those normally present. A kainic acid lesion reduced the synaptic density of the outer two-thirds of the dentate molecular layer by 30% within 3-5 days, despite a virtual absence of presynaptic degeneration in that zone. This result implies a substantial disconnection of perforant path synapses. It did not appear to depend on the extent of denervation of the inner zone. The loss of perforant path synapses was completely reversible. We suggest that the dentate granule cells shed a portion of their synapses in response to a substantial loss of neurons to which they project and regained them when their axons had formed new synaptic connections. PMID- 7378772 TI - Release of dopamine from dissociated mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in primary cultures in absence or presence of striatal target cells. PMID- 7378770 TI - Period of susceptibility of kitten visual cortex to the effects of monocular deprivation extends beyond six months of age. AB - The duration of the sensitive period of the kitten visual cortex to the effects of monocular deprivation was explored by studies of the behavioral and physiological recovery from extended periods of monocular occlusion imposed from birth, and by examination of the physiological effects of a 3 month period of monocular occlusion imposed on animals at either 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 months of age. Animals monocularly deprived until 4 months of age eventually show considerable behavioral and physiological recovery from the severe deficits observed immediately following termination of the period of deprivation. The conclusion that binocular connectivity may still be altered by the nature of the animal's visual input beyond 4 months of age was supported by the results obtained from animals that were monocularly deprived at 4 months of age or older. Animals deprived at either 4, 5 or 6 months showed a clear shift of cortical ocular dominance in favour of the non-deprived eye, but those deprived at 7 or 8 months showed approximately normal ocular dominance distributions. It is concluded that the sensitive period lasts at least twice as long as previously thought, to between 6 and 8 months of age. PMID- 7378771 TI - Sprouting of noradrenergic terminals in the partially deafferented habenula. PMID- 7378773 TI - Locomotor activity elicited by injections of picrotoxin into the ventral tegmental area is attenuated by injections of GABA into the globus pallidus. PMID- 7378774 TI - Coping with stress, norepinephrine depletion and escape performance. PMID- 7378775 TI - Brain stem auditory evoked potentials are related to interaural time discrimination in patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - In a combined psychophysical-electrophysiological study on 29 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), a compromised ability to make interaural time discriminations was nearly always found to be associated with 'abnormal' brain stem potentials evoked by clicks to at least one ear. However, no obvious relationships were found between evoked brain stem potentials and several other auditory behavioral measures such as interaural intensity discrimination, pure tone thresholds and speech discrimination. PMID- 7378776 TI - GABA sensitivity of neurons of the visual layer in the rat superior colliculus. AB - Inhibitory action of iontophoretically applied GABA was examined on neurons in the visual layer of the rat superior colliculus (SC). Spontaneous discharges of all neurons tested were readily abolished by GABA ejected with currents less than 25 nA. In some cells the discharges evoked by near threshold electrical stimulation of the optic nerve or those evoked by a spot of light moving across receptive fields were suppressed by the same dose of GABA as that required to abolish the spontaneous discharge. However, in other cells the evoked discharges were much more resistant to GABA than the spontaneous activity. GABA sensitivity of the evoked activities was examined on various classes of SC cells which were identified by their recording depth, response latency to electrical stimulation of the optic chiasm and other properties. SC cells of the visual layer were classified into 8 types: classes Ia and Ib in the most superficial layer (N3 zone), class II in the thin layer below the N3 (N2 zone) and classes IIIa, IIIb, IVb and IVc in the deepest layer below the N2 (N1 zone). Effects of GABA upon these cell classes are summarized as follows; (1) Ia and IVb cells were readily suppressed by GABA, (2) Ib and II and most of IIIa and IVc cells were GABA insensitive, and (3) GABA sensitivity varied from cell to cell in classes IIIb and IVa. PMID- 7378778 TI - Evidence for selective loss of brain dopamine- and histamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities in rabbits with aging. AB - Dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in striatum and both dopamine- and histamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in hypothalamus, frontal cortex and anterior limbic cortex declined by about 50% as rabbits aged from 5.5 months to 5.5 years of age. These changes were primarily in maximal response to amine although an additional component involving decreased affinity in the case of dopamine may also be present. In contrast, dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase of retina and both basal and guanyl-5'-yl-imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p)-stimulated activity in these regions were not altered with age. There was no measurable decrease in the old animals in either dopamine or norepinephrine concentration in striatum, anterior limbic cortex or retina, or in choline acetylase activity or [3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate binding in striatum, anterior limbic cortex or frontal cortex. It is proposed that selective age-dependent decreases in transmitter receptors coupled to adenylate cyclases occur in the absence of or independent from neuronal cell loss, as evidenced by the retention of the other biochemical markers. PMID- 7378779 TI - Evidence for loss of brain [3H]spiroperidil and [3H]ADTN binding sites in rabbit brain with aging. AB - [3H]Spiroperidol and [3H]2-amino-6,7-dihydroxyl-1,2,3,4,-tetrahydronaphthalene hydrochloride (ADTN) binding were measured in various central nervous system regions of 5 month and 5.5 year old rabbits. In striatum, young animals had a 38% higher number of [3H]spiroperidol binding sites and a 140% higher number of [3H]ADTN binding sites than did the older animals. In frontal cortex and anterior limbic cortex there were respectively 42% and 26% more [3H]spiroperidol binding sites in the young animals. There was no change in the binding site number or affinity for [3H]spiroperidol in retina with aging. Pharmacological characterization demonstrated that [3H]spiroperidol binds to a dopamine receptor in striatum and to a serotonin receptor in cortex. PMID- 7378780 TI - Release of angiotensinogen by rat brain in vitro. PMID- 7378777 TI - Resting and K+-evoked release of serotonin and norephinephrine in vivo from the rat and cat spinal cord. AB - Using a spinal superfusion system, the release of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) from rat and cat spinal cord was measured using a high performance liquid chromatograph with an electrochemical detector. Resting levels of 5-HT and NE in the chloralose-urethanized rat were of the order of 0.8 and 0.4 ng/ml, respectively. Potassium (40 or 80 mM, in excess) produced a dose-dependent increase in the levels of both monoamines in the superfusate. The substitution of cobalt blocked this evoked release. Depletion of spinal 5-HT or NE by the prior intrathecal administration of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) or 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) reduced the resting levels of 5-HT and NE, respectively, and prevented the increase produced by excess potassium. These experiments indicate the ability to reliably collect and measure monoamines which overflow from spinal terminals and which reflect the degree of activation of the spinal monoamine system. PMID- 7378781 TI - Postural adaptation to prolonged optical reversal of vision in man. PMID- 7378782 TI - Monocular enucleation in adult hamsters induces functional changes in the remaining ipsilateral retinotectal projection. PMID- 7378783 TI - Response of the mature lateral geniculate nucleus to monocular paralysis: contributions of nonretinal and retinal components. PMID- 7378784 TI - Visual resolution of retinal ganglion cells in monocularly-deprived cats. AB - The spatial resolution of 87 on-centre retinal ganglion cells was measured at different retinal eccentricities in the retina of the deprived eye of two monocularly-deprived cats. Intra-ocular recording techniques were employed in order that particular attention could be placed on ganglion cells in the region of the area centralis. The spatial cut-off frequencies of both major classes on centre ganglion cells were comparable to those observed in normal retinas at similar retinal eccentricities. In particular there was no evidence of any loss of spatial resolution of either class of cell in the vicinity of the area centralis as has been reported in the retina of the deviating eye of strabismic cats. PMID- 7378785 TI - Central inhibition of depressor reflex at spinal level. PMID- 7378786 TI - Prolonged dendritic depolarizations evoked in Purkinje cells by climbing fibre impulses. PMID- 7378787 TI - Sleep-promoting effect of the sleep-promoting substance (SPS) and delta sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) in the mouse. PMID- 7378788 TI - Stress effects on the localization of exogenous [3H]dopamine in the mouse adrenal medulla. PMID- 7378789 TI - Rebound excitation and the rhythmic activity of the ventrobasal complex of the thalamus. AB - (1) Membrane potential changes of 18 thalamocortical relay (TCR) cells of the ventrobasal complex of the cat thalamus were recorded intracellularly during rhythmic thalamic activities under moderate barbiturate anesthesia. (2) A single cutaneous stimulus evoked an initial EPSP followed by a longlasting IPSP. On the late declining phase of the IPSP, clustered rapidly rising depolarizations (RDs) were seen to generate a burst of spike potentials. The cluster of depolarizations was often followed by an IPSP, and another cycle of IPSPs and RDs with bursts of spikes was repeated. Similar rhythmic activities of TCR cells and clusters of RDs were also evoked by a single cortical stimulus, Spontaneous occurence of RDs was observed. (3) The temporal correlation between the occurrence of RDs and that of the spike potentials was noted. (4) Chloride ions were injected into the TCR cell through the recording microelectrode to eliminate the membrane hyperpolarization which would initiate the postanodal exaltation. After inversion of the IPSPs, RDs remained in the similar phase of rebound excitation to that before the reversal of the IPSPs. (5) it is concluded that excitatory inputs to TCR cells play an important role for the generation of the rhythmic discharges of TCR cells. PMID- 7378790 TI - Changes in morphology of dendritic spines on honeybee calycal interneurons associated with cumulative nursing and foraging experiences. AB - Using the rapid Golgi method, the morphology of dendritic spines was quantified in the calyxes of groups of newly emerged, nurse, and forager honeybees. These groups were studied because they represented distinct stages of behavioral development and cumulative experience which, according to recent vertebrate findings, may be associated with enlargement of the spine head and stem shortening. Measurements were made of spine density, overall spine length, stem length, maximum head width, and profile area using eyepiece micrometry and computer image analyses. The results indicated that none of the groups differed appreciably in spine density and overall spine length. Foragers did exhibit spines with markedly larger profile areas and shorter stems than those in newly emerged and nurse honeybees. However, nurses and foragers did not differ appreciably in spine head width, but both groups had markedly wider heads than the newly emerged group did. These findings suggest that elongated growth of the spine head and concomitant stem shortening is an incremental process affecting different portions of the spine population at different rates. In particular, the growth rate of most spines appears to accelerate during the foraging stage in which the diversity of sensory stimulation is greatest. PMID- 7378791 TI - Brain and behavioral asymmetries for spatial preference in rats. AB - Rats were handled daily for 3 min between birth and weaning, or were nonhandled controls. When adult, 4 males from each litter received a right neocortical ablation, a left ablation, a sham operation, or no surgery. A month later all animals were tested in the open field for 4 days, and their initial direction of movement from the starting square (whether right or left) was recorded. Non handled rats with intact brains (sham-operated and no-surgery groups pooled) had a mean directionality score near zero, thus indicating no right-left spatial preference. However, non-handled animals without a left hemisphere were significantly more biased in going to the ipsilateral side than were their siblings with right-brain ablations. Thus, in non-handled animals behavioral symmetry in making spatial choices is due to balanced brain asymmetry, in which the right hemisphere biases the animal to move leftward while the left hemisphere acts to inhibit this response. In contrast, intact handled rats had a significant preference to go to the left, thus suggesting that in handled animals the right hemisphere controls spatial preference. PMID- 7378792 TI - Catecholamine cell groups of the cat medulla oblongata. AB - The distribution of catecholamine-containing cells within the cat medulla oblongata has been studied using formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fluorescence histochemistry. The diffuse ventrolateral cells (A1) were scattered around but not within the lateral reticular nucleus and no cells were found dorsal to the inferior olivary nucleus. The dorsomedial (A2) cells were scattered within the nucleus tractus solitarius with an occasional cell within the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. No A2 cells were found within or ventral to the hypoglossal nucleus. This description contrasts in several respects with a recently published atlas of the catecholamine-containing neurons in the cat medulla. PMID- 7378793 TI - Androgen affects cholinergic enzymes in syringeal motor neurons and muscle. AB - We examined the role of testosterone (T) in regulating the weight of the songbird syrinx and the activity of two cholinergic enzymes, choline acetyltransferase (CAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Castration of adult male zebra finches or neonatal canaries results in a lowering of syringeal weight and CAT and AChE activity. Administration of T for 1-4 weeks restores syringeal weight and AChE to intact levels in male zebra finches. Activity of CAT in muscle is not fully restored. Ovariectomy of female zebra finches and canaries does not affect these syringeal parameters, but T administration to ovariectomized females for 1 month increases syringeal weight and AChE activity. In the zebra finch tracheosyringealis nerve, activity of CAT and AChE is decreased one month after castration. T administration to castrates maintains nerve AChE activity but not CAT. In contrast to changes in the syrinx, tongue muscles do not change in weight or enzyme activity when circulating T levels are altered. Effects of muscle use and disuse were found on syringeal weight and AChE activity, but an androgenic effect also operates in addition. Results suggest that one mechanism for T regulation of singing in passerine birds is through induction of specific enzymatic proteins in androgen target neurons and muscles. PMID- 7378794 TI - The effects of extensive forebrain lesions on visual discriminative performance in turtles (Chrysemys picta picta). AB - Though anatomical research has demonstrated major ascending telecephalically directed visual channels in reptiles, little behavioral research has examined reptilian forebrain visual functions. The present study reports the effects of extensive forebrain lesions, involving either severe destruction of dorsal thalamus or disruption of the fibers of the lateral forebrain bundle (by lesions of the basolateral telecephalon), upon visual discriminative performance in the turtle. Such lesions, which extensively damage the ascending visual pathways, rendered turtles incapable of relearning preoperatively acquired visual discriminative problems. The magnitude of the visual impairments observed following such forebrain lesions suggest a major role on the part of the forebrain in visual processing in reptiles. PMID- 7378795 TI - A comparison of two factors affecting the proliferation of non-neuronal (glial) cells in vitro. AB - Earlier studies have shown that the proliferation of sympathetic non-neuronal cells in vitro can be stimulated either by direct contact with growing neurons or by addition of sonicated neurons of the same type to the culture medium. Several lines of evidence presented herein suggest that intact neurons and neuronal sonicate probably stimulate [3H]thymidine incorporation by distinctly different mechanisms. First, mitogenic factors are present in sonicates of cell types (fibroblasts and non-neuronal cells) which do not stimulate non-neuronal cell proliferation when added as intact cells. Second, neuronal sonicate and intact neurons differ in the types of cells which are responsive to their mitogenic influence. Third, intact neurons do not appear to stimulate non-neuronal cell proliferation by the same mechanism as that of neuronal sonicate. Further similarities between stimulation of non-neuronal cell proliferation in vitro and reactive gliosis in vivo are discussed. PMID- 7378796 TI - Frequency-specific RSA-like hippocampal patterns elicited by septal, hypothalamic, and brain stem electrical stimulation. AB - Hippocampal electrographic patterns comprised of specific frequencies of slow waves electrographically similar to the waves comprising normal hippocampal rhythmical slow activity (RSA, theta) may be generated by appropriate electrical stimulation of specific septal, hypothalamic, and brain stem sites. The waves elicited from some but not all sites are further similar to normal RSA patterns in that they may be differentiated into atropine-sensitive (immobility-related) and atropine-resistant (movement-related) types by the same criteria used to define atropine-sensitive and atropine-resistant RSA. The high degree of behavioral, pharmacological, and electrographic similarity between the electrically elicited hippocampal activity and normal hippocampal RSA would seem to warrant further use of the present technique in the investigation of hippocampal function. PMID- 7378797 TI - GABAergic nerve terminals decrease in the substantia nigra following hemitransections of the striatonigral and pallidonigral pathways. AB - Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the enzyme that synthesizes the neurotransmitter, GABA, was immunocytochemically localized in axon terminals as well as in small and medium-sized neurons of the rat substantia nigra. The pattern formed by GAD-containing axon terminals with the dendrites and somata of neurons in the substantia nigra was altered following ipsilateral hemitransections of the striatonigral and pallidonigral pathways. A marked reduction of GAD-positive terminals occurred throughout this brain region, but the ventral fifth of the pars reticulata showed a nearly normal pattern of GAD positive axon terminals. The results of this investigation are consistent with results from biochemical studies which have indicated that the striatonigral and/or pallidonigral pathways are GABAergic. In addition, these results suggest that the residual GABAergic terminals remaining after hemitransection are derived from intrinsic neurons of the substantia nigra. PMID- 7378798 TI - Iontophoretically applied dopamine depolarizes and hyperpolarizes the membrane of cat caudate neurons. AB - Dopamine (DA) was applied iontophoretically on intracellularly recorded cat caudate neurons. Ejected approximately 100 micrometers away from the cell soma, it caused slow depolarizations of the membrane while the ongoing firing rate was reduced. This last effect was not due to sodium inactivation. Cortically evoked EPSP-IPSP sequences were inhibited during the depolarizations. The latency of cortically evoked action potentials was consistently increased during DA ejections. These effects were blocked by fluphenazine, relatively selective blocker of the DA-sensitive adenylate cyclase. Nevertheless, there are serious doubts as to the specificity of these actions of DA as a number of other substances like naloxone, nicotine, acetylcholine or glutamate-diethylester occasionally had very similar effects on membrane potential, firing rate and cortically evoked EPSP-IPSP sequences. If DA was applied nearer to the soma, approximately 50 micrometers away, 70% of the recorded neurons continued to display the slow depolarizations above described, while 30% of the cells now reacted by a hyperpolarization accompanied also by a reduced firing rate. If DA was applied for prolonged periods on such cells, the initial hyperpolarization was followed by the slow depolarization. The observation that during the slow depolarization there is a decrease in firing rate and amplitude of the cortically evoked IPSP is explained by the assumption that the region of the axon hillock is hyperpolarized by DA, and that the slow depolarization is a phenomenon restricted to the distant recording site and possibly to the dendritic region. None of the 74 responsive neurons displayed an increased firing fate when DA was ejected either continuously, i.e. for more than 5 sec, or in short pulses of 50--500 msec. PMID- 7378799 TI - The effects of convulsant doses of penicillin on primary afferents, dorsal root ganglion cells, and on 'presynaptic' inhibition in the spinal cord. AB - Intracellular recordings were made from neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of rats, isolated in vitro. The depolarization of DRG cells caused by the application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) diminished reversibly when penicillin (0.08--2.0 mM) was added to the bathing fluid. The decrease of the input resistance of DRG cells measured during GABA perfusion was also depressed in the presence of penicillin, but no evidence of a shift of the reversal potential of the GABA-induced depolarization was found. Nor did penicillin (up to 10 mM) cause a change in the voltage-current function, in electrical excitability, in the inclination to repetitive firing, bursting discharge, or after discharge. In decapitate cat preparation the amplitude of the negative dorsal root potential (DRP or DR V) diminished by 0--50% after the i.v. administration of 0.5--1.0 X 10(6) I.U./kg (the convulsant dose) of penicillin. Post-tetanic depression of the DRP was aggravated by penicillin. The degree of depression of the DRP bore no relationship to the promptness of the eruption, and to the intensity, of the seizure activity induced by penicillin. The rates of rise and fall of the negative DRP (DR V) were consistently slowed, the positive DRP (DR VI) reduced, and the dorsal root reflex (DRR) blocked by penicillin. Inhibitory reflex effects presumed to be presynaptic were either enhanced or unchanged, never depressed by penicillin. This was seen when inhibitory function was gauged by monosynaptic reflex amplitude, and also from the inhibition of ventral root electrotonic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (VP EPSPs). Possible explanations of these seemingly paradoxical findings are discussed, with arguments in favor and against each. PMID- 7378800 TI - The effect of in vitro and in vivo lead intoxication on monosaccharide transport in isolated rat brain microvessels. PMID- 7378801 TI - Glutamate-induced analgesia: blockade and potentiation by naloxone. AB - Injection of 0.5 microliter L-sodium glutamate (60 mM) into the periaqueductal gray matter of the rat resulted in a short-lived analgesia as assessed by the tail-flick method. Naloxone (1 mg/kg) attenuated glutamate-induced analgesia when injected 30 min but not 5 min before testing. Paradoxically, a higher dose of naloxone (10 mg/kg) significantly potentiated glutamate analgesia when injected 5 min but not 30 min before testing. Moreover, this higher dose also potentiated analgesia when injected 5 min prior to 12 mM glutamate, a dose of glutamate previously found to be ineffective in causing analgesia. Microinjections of either 60 mM or 1 M KCl failed to elicit analgesia, indicating the specificity of the glutamate effect. Taken together with several other lines of evidence, the present findings suggest that glutamate-induced analgesia may be mediated by processes quite different from those underlying morphine analgesia. It is further suggested that a dose-related naloxone antagonism is not a necessary criterion for assessing endogenous opioid activity. PMID- 7378802 TI - Effect of cycloheximide administered to rats in early postnatal life: prolonged inhibition of DNA synthesis in the developing brain. AB - Administration of cycloheximide in a single dose of 0.6 mg/kg to 7-day-old rats was used to induce short-term inhibition of protein synthesis at the period of brain 'growth spurt'. Measurement of the rate of [14C]lysine incorporation indicated that the initial inhibition of protein synthesis in the brain (by 75%) was released within about 12 h. The normal rate of protein synthesis was attained by 48 h after cycloheximide administration; there was no sign of protein synthesis stimulation. The estimation of [14C]thymidine incorporation into brain DNA showed that inhibition of DNA synthesis was greater and longer lasting in the forebrain and olfactory bulbs (by about 80%) than in the cerebellum (by about 40%). Similar differential inhibition of thymidine kinase activity was observed in the olfactory bulbs (by 75%) and cerebellum (by 30%) at 24 h after cycloheximide, suggesting that the formation of [14C]thymidine nucleotides may have been impaired. However, a retardation of DNA accumulation was found in the forebrain and cerebellum at 72 h after cycloheximide. Thus, the short-term inhibition of protein synthesis produced prolonged inhibition of DNA synthesis and altered cell proliferation in the developing brain. PMID- 7378803 TI - Bilaterally situated dorsal raphe cell bodies have only unilateral forebrain projections in rat. PMID- 7378804 TI - Glial cell enclosure of neurosecretory endings in the neurophypophysis of the rat. PMID- 7378806 TI - Conditioned H-reflexes prior to movement. PMID- 7378805 TI - Neuronal responses of cat's striate cortex to flicker light stimulation. PMID- 7378807 TI - Freezing of embryonic neural tissue and its transplantation in the rat brain. PMID- 7378808 TI - Neurite formation in dissociated cerebral cortex in vitro: evidence for clockwise outgrowth and autotopic contacts. PMID- 7378809 TI - Aromatization of testosterone within a discrete hypothalamic area associated with the behavioral action of androgen in the male dove. PMID- 7378810 TI - Antagonism by picrotoxin of 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced excitation of primary afferent neurons. PMID- 7378812 TI - Origin of the pyramidal tract determined with horseradish peroxidase. AB - The origin of the axons contained in the pyramidal tract (PT) of the cat was established using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). A complete section was made through a PT at the level of the medulla oblongata and HRP was applied to the sectioned axons. Cat brains were cut in frontal and sagittal planes and HRP-labeled cells were plotted in outlines of the brain sections. The entire cortical region containing PT cells was divided into 8 subregions and the percent of PT cells was determined in each. Surface cortex, subregions 1, 3 and 8, contained only 30--40% of PT cells; the majority resided in deep sulcal cortex, in subregions 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Subregion 1 (containing 6- 12% of PT cells) extends rostral to the cruciate sulcus; subregion 3 (15--22%) extends from the cruciate sulcus caudally to the ansate sulcus; subregion 8 (7- 8%) covers cortex laterally adjacent to subregion 3. The hidden banks of the cruciate sulcus contained the greatest concentration of PT cells, 28--34% in the dorsal bank (subregion 5) and 15--20% in the ventral bank (subregion 4). The coronal sulcus contained only 2--5% of PT cells in its dorsal bank (subregion 6) and 1--4% in its ventral bank (subregion 7). The presylvian sulcus contained 8- 12% of all PT cells in its lateral bank (subregion 2). This new cortical area is not yet considered part of 'PT cortex'. Qualitative limitations of this study are discussed. PMID- 7378811 TI - beta-Bungarotoxin preferentially blocks one class of miniature endplate potentials. PMID- 7378813 TI - In vivo release of endogenously synthesized [3H]GABA from the cat substantia nigra and the pallido-entopeduncular nuclei. AB - Halothane anesthetized cats were implanted with push--pull cannulae to study the release of [3H]GABA continuously formed from [3H]glutamine in the substantia nigra (SN) and in the pallido-entopeduncular nuclei (PEP). A spontaneous release of [3H]GABA was observed from both structures and it reached a steady state level 1 h after the beginning of the superfusion with [3H]glutamine. In cats implanted with two push--pull cannulae, the local application of potassium (47 mM) in the PEP stimulated the release of [3H]GABA from the ipsilateral SN. In cats implanted with 4 push--pull cannulae, the unilateral 10 min electrical stimulation of the caudate nucleus evoked the release of [3H]GABA not only from the ipsilateral SN, but also in most cases from the contralateral structure. This stimulus also enhanced the release of [3H]GABA from PEP but the effects were mainly observed in the medio-caudal part of the ipsilateral PEP and in the latero-rostral part of the contralateral structure. In all cases, the changes in [3H]GABA release were observed during and after the electrical stimulation. The ipsilateral effects can be attributed to the direct activation of the caudato-PEP or caudato-SN GABAergic neurons. A polysynaptic neuronal loop must be involved in the symmetric contralateral effects. PMID- 7378814 TI - Long-term effects of repeated methylamphetamine administration on dopamine and serotonin neurons in the rat brain: a regional study. AB - Repeated high doses (25 and 100 mg/kg) of methylamphetamine produce long-term depletions of both dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the rat brain. In the DA system, depletions are most pronounced in the neostriatum and substantia nigra, with decreased levels in these two regions being significantly correlated. Within the 5-HT system, levels are most reduced in the amygdala, frontal cortex and neostriatum. When both the DA and 5-HT depleting actions of methylamphetamine are considered, the hypothalamus stands out as one of the more resistant brain regions. The regional pattern of reduced 5-HT levels following methylamphetamine is similar to that seen after p-chloroamphetamine. After both methylamphetamine and p-chloroamphetamine, a loss of 5-HT synaptosomal uptake sites occurs. Serotonergic systems are more sensitive than DA systems to the apparent neurotoxic actions of methylamphetamine. PMID- 7378815 TI - Analysis of regional variations in the affinities of muscarinic agonists in the rat brain. PMID- 7378816 TI - Hippocampal unit-behavior correlations during classical conditioning. AB - The correspondence that develops over the course of classical conditioning between the temporal distribution of increased unit activity in the rabbit hippocampus and the amplitude--time distribution of the behavioral nictitating membrane response is analyzed. Results reveal a high degree of correspondence between neural and behavioral measures. The real time correlation between the within-trial probability and increased hippocampal unit discharge and amplitude- time course of the nictitating membrane response grows substantially with learning. Further analyses reveal that this apparent increase in correlation results from a growth in amount of hippocampal unit activity per se (i.e., a differentiation of the hippocampal unit response from background firing rates), rather than an increase in the correspondence between cellular and behavioral measures (i.e. a repatterning of hippocampal discharges to more accurately code spatio-temporal aspects of the behavioral response). These and other results indicate that the neuronal 'temporal model' of the behavioral response either develops within the hippocampus from the first few conditioning trials or develops first in entorhinal cortex to subsequently influence hippocampal discharge patterns. On the other hand, the increase in amount of hippocampal unit activity developing with conditioning appears to occur within the hippocampus. PMID- 7378817 TI - Conversion of a spontaneous to an induced ipsilateral retinotectal projection in goldfish. PMID- 7378818 TI - Corticofugal effects on the activity of thalamic taste cells. AB - To examine corticofugal influences on afferent thalamic cell responses in the gustatory system, effects of cortical conditioning stimuli on the responses of thalamic taste cells to peripheral stimulation were examined in the rat. Two types of excitability change of thalamic cells were observed; one is inhibitory (for about 60 msec) (20%) and the other is inhibitory (for about 10 msec)- facilitatory (for about 60 msec) (40%) to conditioning stimulus applied to the ventral gustatory area, and half of the cells belonging to the latter type also showed a similar pattern with more marked and prolonged excitability changes to conditioning stimulus applied to the dorsal gustatory area. It was suggested that some of the response characteristics of thalamic and cortical taste cells were attributed to the corticofugal feedback loop. PMID- 7378819 TI - The number of hippocampal neurons in rats after electrically-induced generalized seizures. PMID- 7378820 TI - Electroconvulsive shock disrupts early manifestations of vestibular compensation in rats. PMID- 7378821 TI - Parameters of neuroendocrine aromatization and estrogen receptor occupation in the male rat. PMID- 7378822 TI - Relationship of prolactin secretion to dopamine release into hypophysial portal blood and dopamine turnover in the median eminence. PMID- 7378823 TI - Evidence for the existence of peripheral dopaminergic neurons. PMID- 7378824 TI - Choline acetyltransferase activity in discrete brain nuclei of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. PMID- 7378825 TI - Discrete changes in adrenaline-forming enzyme activity in brain stem areas of genetic salt-sensitive hypertensive (Dahl) rats. PMID- 7378826 TI - Scopolamine induces an increase in muscarinic receptor level in rat hippocampus. PMID- 7378827 TI - Ocular dominance, eye alignment and visual acuity in kittens reared with an optically induced squint. AB - A horizontal concomitant strabismus produced optically in kittens with prisms caused a decrease in the proportion of binocularly excitable striate neurons with approximately equal percentages of neurons being driven by each eye. In addition, preventing fusion with prisms resulted in alterations in interocular alignment and in some cases a mild strabismic amblyopia. The changes in ocular dominance were dependent on the amount and direction of the prism induced deviation; however, regardless of the type of prisms worn, the kittens which demonstrated interocular misalignments were esotropic. PMID- 7378828 TI - Experimental evidence for saltatory propagation of the Mauthner axon impulse in the tench spinal cord. AB - External longitudinal current recording was applied in situ to the exposed spinal cord of the tench (Tinca tinca) for the study of impulse propagation in the Mauthner axon, a giant nerve fibre whose myelin sheath is not interrupted by nodes of Ranvier. Impulses in the antidromically excited Mauthner axon were recorded from the dorsal surface of the spinal cord; the time-lag between the main peaks of the bipolarly recorded current signal and unipolarly recorded reference signal was measured at regular intervals along the cord. Using a slot width of the bipolar electrodes, d = 0.65 mm and electrode displacement s = 0.5 mm, the latency plotted as a function of distance showed small fluctuations, but no clear-cut steps over a 12.5 mm stretch of spinal cord. However, with improved spatial resolution (d = 0.24 mm, s = 0.1 mm) and electrical insulation of the spinal cord from the underlying tissues, it was possible to demonstrate steps in the latency plot occurring at 0.5--0.3 mm intervals and indicating a saltatory propagation of the Mauthner axon impulse. The distances between the latency steps and their distribution was comparable to the known distribution of the Mauthner axon collaterals suggesting that the myelin-free regions of the collaterals may be quivalents of Ranvier nodes. PMID- 7378830 TI - Modulation of the myotatic reflex gain in man during intentional movements. AB - Human subjects were asked to perform sinusoidal tracking movements (0.5--3.0 Hz) with their forearms while external torque disturbances were applied at the elbow. The changes in angular position, velocity, and acceleration produced by these disturbances were found to be represented in the reflex changes in EMG activity of both biceps and triceps muscles. The gain of each of these reflex components varied during the tracking task, their maximal being about the same as those measured when the torque disturbances were applied in the absence of movements and the subjects attempted to maintain a constant forearm position. Such changes in gain were found to be centrally regulated since they were shown not to depend on the movement itself, being also present during force tracking, i.e. under nearly isometric conditions. Also their minima and maxima did not coincide with those of the EMG activity. These results suggest that an internal plan (or model) of the learned task is present, whereby reflex gains can be regulated independently from the motion and alpha-motoneuron activity. Such regulation effectively uncouples the reflex motor output from the intentionally controlled motion and maintains spindle sensitivity to external disturbances independent of large changes in muscle length. These conclusions are discussed in the context of the functional role of gamma-motoneurons in the control of movements. PMID- 7378831 TI - The efferent projections of the pretectal complex: an autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase analysis. AB - Anterograde autoradiographic data reveal that neurons within the pretectal complex of the tree shrew possess axons which terminate within three general categories of targets. First, there are targets of a major ipsilateral descending pathway which include: the dorsal cap of Kooy of the inferior olivary complex, the dorsolateral and dorsomedial regions of the griseum pontis, the mesencephalic reticular formation which lies immediately dorsal and lateral to the red nucleus, the medial terminal nucleus and the superficial layers of the superior colliculus. A second category of targets receive their pretectal input from a large ascending bundle which projects ipsilaterally to: the reticular and lateral nuclei of the thalamus, the zona incerta, the central lateral and paracentral intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus and bilaterally to the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus. A third category of targets include cranial nerve and closely associated nuclei which play a role in eye movements. Pretectofugal fibers projecting to nuclei in this third category terminate ipsilaterally within the nucleus of Darkschewitsch, bilaterally within the nucleus of the posterior commissure and the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, and contralaterally within the somatic cell column of the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei. There are also commissural projections to contralateral pretectal cell groups. Injections of horseradish peroxidase were placed within 11 pretectal targets. These data, which confirm and extend our autoradiographic findings, show that the majority of pretectal targets receive input from several pretectal nuclei, and that the size of pretectal neurons, rather than the cell groups in which they are located, dictates the termination site(s) of their axons. PMID- 7378832 TI - Influence of dopaminergic systems on the lateral habenular nucleus of the rat. AB - The alterations in glucose utilization in the lateral habenular nucleus following the systemic administration of a putative dopaminergic agonist and antagonist have been examined in 48 rats by means of the autoradiographic 2-deoxyglucose technique. The administration of apomorphine (0.15--5 mg/kg) resulted in significant dose-dependent reductions (by 25 +/- 5% following 0.5 mg/kg) in glucose utilization in the lateral habenula. Haloperidol administration (0.01--10 mg/kg) was associated with increased (by 46 +/- 17% with 0.1 mg/kg) glucose utilization in the lateral habenula. The effects of apomorphine upon metabolic activity in the lateral habenula can be prevented by the prior administration of haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg). These observations provide evidence that metabolic activity in the lateral habenula, a nucleus occupying a strategic position between the forebrain and the mesencephalon, may be regulated by the activity in dopaminergic systems. PMID- 7378833 TI - Evidence of intrinsic cholinergic circuits in the optic tectum of teleosts. AB - Choline acetyltransferase (CAT) was assayed in the optic tectum of 4 teleost species with different visual powers. The results showed a close relationship between the enzyme levels in the optic tectum and the development of the visual system. In the more visual species, the trout, CAT activity in the optic tectum was about 30-fold higher than in the catfish, whose visual system is much less developed. Two species with intermediate development of the visual system, the goldfish and the tench, showed intermediate levels of CAT activity. Kainic acid treatment caused a significant decrease in both CAT and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the goldfish optic tectum. Concomitant histological examination showed, among other effects, the disappearance of most neurons belonging to the pyramidal and fusiform type in the striatum fibrosum and griseum superficiale of the tectum. The comparative and experimental data therefore suggest that the relationship between cholinergic mechanisms and the visual function is, to a significant extent, connected with the presence of intrinsic cholinergic circuits in the optic tectum. The relevance of these findings, also in relation to the problem of the identification of the retino-tectal transmitter, is discussed. PMID- 7378829 TI - Gray and white matter brain-blood transfer constants by steady-state tissue clearance in cat. AB - Capillary transfer constants for gray matter have been measured by others from steady-state tissue clearance during ventriculocisternal perfusion. Similar studies in white matter, however, are complicated by the bulk flow of interstitial fluid (ISF). Recently we determined the velocity of bulk flow of ISF under normal conditions. We now report capillary transfer constants in gray and white matter by steady-state tissue clearance in the cat. Adults cats underwent a 2, 3, or 4 h ventriculocisternal perfusion with artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing [3H]sucrose and either [14C]urea or [14C]ethylene glycol. Diffusion coefficients and velocity of bulk flow were determined from tissue concentrations of the extracellular marker, sucrose. Steady-state tissue concentrations of urea and ethylene glycol were used to calculate transfer of those compounds from the brain to the blood. Urea reached steady-state by the third hour; capillary transfer constants were similar in gray and white matter. Ethylene glycol reached steady-state by the second hour; however, capillary transfer was more rapid in the gray matter than in white. PMID- 7378834 TI - Self-administration of D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide at hypothalamic self stimulation sites. AB - The relationship between the action of enkephalin and the reinforcing action of electrical stimulation in the posterior lateral hypothalamus of the rat was studied with the self-administration approach. Adult male albino rats implanted with a combination cannula and stimulation electrode in hypothalamus were pretested for the reinforcing effects of electrical stimulation. Only subjects that self-stimulated at moderate to high rates were given self-administration tests. The chamber for the self-administration tests was fitted with one lever at each end of a rectangular plexiglass box. In a session, one lever was 'active', the other not. The active lever, if depressed, yielded 20 nl of CSF (artificial cerebrospinal fluid), or CSF in which one of the test substances was dissolved. Each subject was tested repeatedly for the reinforcing effects first of a control solution (CSF), then of D-Ala2-Met-enkephalin (DALA), a long-acting synthetic analogue of enkephalin, then of morphine, and then of opioids mixed with naltrexone or naloxone. Following these tests, the subjects were once again given self-stimulation tests to ascertain the functional integrity of the 'reward' system after the repeated self-administration tests. The results demonstrate that when the test solution was DALA instead of CSF the subjects pressed the active lever at a higher rate than for CSF, and they exhausted the supply more rapidly than for CSF. The rate on the active lever was also significantly higher than on the inactive lever. DALA at 1 and 5 microgram/microliter concentrations proved more reinforcing than at 0.1 microgram/microliter. Naltrexone did not block the reinforcing effect of DALA, whereas naloxone blocked DALA-induced reinforcement. These data extend the report of ventricular methionine-enkephalin positive reinforcement to DALA injected directly into the lateral hypothalamus. PMID- 7378836 TI - Extrastriate projections from thalamus to posterior occipital-temporal cortex in rat. PMID- 7378835 TI - Histological localization of binding sites of alpha-bungarotoxin and of antibodies specific to acetylcholine receptor in goldfish optic nerve and tectum. AB - Goldfish optic nerve as well as ganglion cell neurites grown in culture selectively bind rhodamine-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin following tissue fixation. Binding is competed for by unlabeled bungarotoxin, by carbamylcholine and tubocurarine, but not by atropine. In cross-sections, the label is seen confined to axonal bundles. The binding is not detectable without prior fixation and is very faint in brain sections, even after fixation. To further establish the nature of the binding, immunocytochemical studies were performed, taking advantage of a high cross-reactivity found between goldfish brain and antibodies against eel acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Antigenic sites were detected by an indirect unlabeled antibody complexed to horseradish peroxidase. Anti-AChR antibody binding to optic nerve and neurites in culture correlated with that seen with alpha-bungarotoxin. Binding of anti-AChR was observed in the brain, and was reduced in the denervated tectum following unilateral optic nerve crush or enucleation. The results are discussed in relation to functions of receptor proteins in the retinotectal system. PMID- 7378837 TI - A technique for simultaneous steroid autoradiography and retrograde labeling of neurons. PMID- 7378838 TI - Electrophysiological study on the postnatal development of mitral cell activity in the rat olfactory bulb. Influence of undernutrition. PMID- 7378839 TI - Fornix lesion prevents an organophosphate-induced decrease in muscarinic receptor level in rat hippocampus. PMID- 7378840 TI - Epinephrine is released from hypothalamus by depolarizing agents and amphetamine. PMID- 7378841 TI - Electrically-induced catecholamine secretion by thin slices of bovine adrenal medulla. PMID- 7378843 TI - Regional changes in brain glucose utilization in rats given a pyrethroid insecticide. PMID- 7378844 TI - Lithium effects on high-affinity tryptophan uptake: evidence against a stabilization mechanism. PMID- 7378842 TI - Myelin-proteolipid protein does not induce demyelinating or myelination inhibiting antibodies. PMID- 7378845 TI - Afferent projections to quiet attack sites in cat hypothalamus. AB - Quiet biting attack by a cat on a rat was elicited by electrical stimulation of sites in the cat's lateral hypothalamus. Horseradish peroxidase was deposited at the attack sites. Cells containing reaction products were found in gyrus proreus, anterior and central medial amygdaloid nuclei, lateral and medial preoptic areas, substantia innominata, the bed nuclei of stria terminalis, and anterior commissure. The dorsomedial area of the hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus, supramammillary region, and posterior hypothalamic area also contained reactive cells. In the midbrain the ventral tegmental area of Tsai, the dorsal and superior central nuclei of the raphe, central gray matter and interpeduncular nucleus were regions with reactive cells. In the pontine region, the locus coeruleus, parabrachial nuclei, nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, and the dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden all had reactive cells. There are many structures which send afferent projections to quiet attack sites located in the hypothalamus and the pontine tegmentum. The commonality of afferents to attack sites lends credence to the notion that a complex, distributed, interactive network underlies the neural basis of attack behavior. PMID- 7378846 TI - Naloxone facilitates amygdaloid kindling in rats. PMID- 7378849 TI - Paradoxical sleep and memory (II): sleep circadian rhythmicity following enriched and impoverished environmental rearing. AB - Sleep cycle circadian rhythmicity following either enriched or impoverished environmental rearing is examined in this study. Mice are reared in either super enriched (SEE), regular-enriched (REE), social control (SC), or impoverished (IE) environments for 30 days. SEE and REE groups show a general increase in total slow-wave sleep (SWS) in the 24 hr cycle but the number of SWS episodes, mean duration of SWS episodes, and percent SWS of total sleep time (TST) is not significantly different from the SC groups for the Day cycle (0700--1900). Enriched rearing produces a selective and significant increase in the number of PS (Paradoxical sleep or REM sleep) episodes, mean duration of PS episodes, total amount of PS time, and percent PS/TST throughout the 24 hr cycle. IE reared mice also show a general increase in SWS primarily during the Day cycle but with rearing experience plays an important role in the developing of the basic rhythmicity during the sleep (PS-SWS)-wakefulness cycle, and (2) provide further support for our hypothesis that PS occurring over a prolonged time period is a requisite neurobiological mechanism for the processing, maintenance, and storage of long-term memory. PMID- 7378847 TI - Locus coeruleus-induced inhibition of dorsal cochlear nucleus neurons in comparison with lateral vestibular nucleus neurons. AB - The effects of conditioning stimulation of the locus coeruleus (LC) on the neuron activity of dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), which is rich in noradrenergic nerve terminals, were compared with those on the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN), devoid of such terminals, to determine whether or not noradrenaline is responsible for the LC-induced inhibition. The conditioning stimuli applied to the LC had no effect on either the field potential or the spike generation of mono- and polysynaptic neurons in the LVN elicited by VIIIth cranial nerve stimulation. In contrast, the spike firing of the DCN neurons with VIIIth cranial nerve stimulation was significantly inhibited by LC conditioning stimulation. The inhibition of spike generation was mainly observed in the DCN neurons which fired spikes with a longer latency. The inhibition of DCN neurons by LC conditioning stimulation did not occur in the cats pretreated with reserpine; however, a rapid recovery of the inhibition was produced by intraventricular application of noradrenaline. These results are in good agreement with the histochemical findings and support our previous conclusion that noradrenaline acts as an inhibitory transmitter or modulator on the nuclei where noradrenergic nerve terminals derived from the LC are located. In addition, the vestibular input in the primary relay nucleus is apparently not regulated by noradrenaline originating in the LC. PMID- 7378850 TI - Effects of morphine on cortex, hippocampus and medial thalamus: a comparison between urethane-anaesthetized and paralyzed-awake rats. AB - Urethane is often used as a central anaesthetic in neurophysiological studies of drug effects. In this experiment, the effect of morphine on cortical EEG and single units of hippocampus and medial thalamus were compared in urethane anaesthetized and paralyzed-awake rats. In each case, there was evidence of a morphine-urethane interaction, suggesting caution in the interpretation of drug studies using urethane-anaesthetized animals. PMID- 7378848 TI - Characterization of the presynaptic muscarinic receptor in synaptosomes of Torpedo electric organ by means of kinetic and equilibrium binding studies. AB - The ligand binding properties of presynaptic muscarinic receptors present in purified synaptosomal fraction isolated from the electric organ of Torpedo have been studied, using the specific tritiated antagonist N-methyl-4 piperidylbenzilate ([3H]-4NMPB). Direct and competition binding studies revealed that antagonists bind with high affinity to the presynaptic receptor, with saturability occurring at very low ligand concentration, in a stereospecific manner, and according to a simple mass action law. The kinetic results for [3H]4NMPB binding could best be fitted by a two-step sequential isomerization model. The affinities of both agonists and antagonists decreased as a function of increasing ionic strength. Analysis of agonist binding was performed according to the two-site model suggested by Birdsall and Hulme. Varying the buffer conditions resulted in changes both in the affinities of the agonist for the two agonist sites and in their relative proportions. For a given buffer composition the proportion of high and low affinity sites is constant, but agonists affinities decrease as a function of increase in ionic strength. The finding that at a given ionic strength the proportion of high and low affinity agonist sites can be manipulated suggests that agonist binding sites in Torpedo receptor may interconvert. The apparent dissociation constants measured in Torpedo physiological buffer for both agonists and antagonists are in the same range as the concentrations affecting synaptosomal ACh release. The affinity of agonists towards the presynaptic muscarinic Torpedo receptor was found to be higher than their affinity towards the postsynaptic muscarinic receptor, e.g. in cat and rabbit irides, mouse cortex, etc., and closely resembles the affinity in mouse medulla pons. The localization of pre- and postsynaptic muscarinic receptors in view of their different binding properties is discussed. PMID- 7378851 TI - Acetylcholinesterase and catecholamine distribution in the locus ceruleus of the rat. PMID- 7378852 TI - Variability in the stereotaxic position of cerebral points in the albino rat. AB - An analysis of variability in the stereotaxic position of five cerebral points in rats revealed: (1) that variability was less from the bregma skull point than from ear-bar-zero or the lambda skull point, (2) that high correlations exist between the position of skull points and cerebral structures, and (3) that the use of two external landmarks for predicting the position of cerebral targets produces a greater than 40% reduction in errors over that resulting from the use of single (ear-bar-zero or skull landmark) predictors. PMID- 7378854 TI - A comparison of two techniques for analyzing neuronal interspike intervals: autocorrelation and relative interval coding. AB - Only two theoretical approaches for serial order analysis of spike trains seem to be practical and to preserve a degree of the sequential ordering of the intervals. We herein compared these approaches, employing the two common techniques for autocorrelation and a group of relative interval coding techniques, using 4 short, idealized trains of spike intervals. The relative interval coding approach seemed to be more sensitive for accurately specifying and analyzing serial order. The autocorrelation methods create ambiguity because of inherent "partitioning" effects in the computation and because the interrelations among peaks in the correlogram can be deceptive. PMID- 7378853 TI - Transection of the lateral olfactory tract does not produce anosmia. AB - Rats trained in an olfactometer were tested for retention of an odor detection and odor discrimination task after lesions of the olfactory peduncle. Large lesions of the peduncle, including transection of the lateral olfactory tract and anterior commissure resulted in severe deficits in retention and relearning but did not produce anosmia. Discrete lesions of the lateral olfactory tract had little or no effect on retention. The results indicate that the lateral and intermediate olfactory pathways are not essential for smell and suggest that significant olfactory function may be mediated by medial olfactory bulb projections. PMID- 7378856 TI - Motor program for pedal waves during Aplysia locomotion is generated in the pedal ganglia. AB - The activity in the nerves innervating the foot of Aplysia was examined during pedal wave generation. Cyclic patterned discharges (i.e. bursting) in the pedal nerves was associated with the pedal wave. Individual units exhibited bursting during pedal wave generation. but fired tonicly when the pedal wave was absent. Bursting in the nerves persisted after the foot was deafferented, confirming previous behavioral results that pedal waves were the result of a centrally generated motor program. Deafferentation caused increased burst durations and decreased spike frequencies within each burst. This suggests that sensory input from the foot excites the oscillator which underlies pedal wave generation and serves to increase the amplitude of the oscillations. Bursting in the nerves persisted after surgically isolating the pedal ganglia, showing that the neural circuitry necessary for pedal wave generation resides in the pedal ganglia. After isolating the pedal ganglia, bursts in the nerves were longer, less vigorous and less frequent. This suggests that input from the other central ganglia affects both the amplitude and the period of the oscillator. The firing of units in homologous pedal nerve branches, showed similar, but not identical patterns with the pedal commisure intact. Individual homologous units differed in both absolute timing and frequency of firing. After cutting the commissure, synchronization of activity in the homologous nerves was lost. This indicates that bilateral coordination of the pedal wave motor programs generated in each pedal ganglion is maintained via the pedal commissure. The possible mechanisms involved are considered. PMID- 7378855 TI - Simple spike activity of Purkinje cells in the posterior vermis of awake cats during spontaneous saccadic eye movements. AB - Extracellular recordings were made from 151 cerebellar cortical cells in the posterior vermis of 12 awake cats. Thirty-two percent (n = 48) of these cells modulated their activity with respect to the onset of spontaneous saccadic eye movements. Thirty-five cells in this group were positively identified as Purkinje cells and manifested changes in simple spike activity that were related to saccade onset. These included short excitatory, inhibitory, or biphasic changes that were superimposed on background tonic firing rates (avg. = 54 spikes/sec). Such changes were recorded before as well as after the onset of a saccade. Sixty five percent (n = 22) of these cells were related to horizontal and vertical saccades in more than one direction of motion. These cells were randomly distributed throughout the posterior vermis and manifested no anatomical topographic organization with respect to the direction of saccadic eye movement. The results of this study suggest that lobules VI and VII of the cerebellar vermis participate in both the initiation and execution of spontaneous saccades in preferred directions. PMID- 7378857 TI - Role of pedal ganglia motor neurons in pedal wave generation in Aplysia. AB - Presumptive pedal ganglia motor neurons involved in pedal wave generation in the foot of Aplysia were examined. Pedal motor neurons fired tonicly in the absence of pedal waves, but exhibited bursting with constant phase angles during pedal wave generation. Motor neurons which burst both in and 180 degrees out of phase with the pedal wave were recorded. The relative latency of neurons firing at large phase angles was more variable than that of neurons firing at small phase angles. Pedal neurons did not make monosynaptic connections among themselves. Their firing both during and in the absence of pedal waves was due to synaptic input, presumably from interneurons which generate the oscillations underlying the pedal wave. Motor neurons firing in phase had common synaptic input of the same sign, while some motor neurons firing out of phase had common synaptic input of opposite sign. There also appeared to be polysynaptic connections among pedal motor neurons. Evidence suggesting polysynaptic feedback from the motor neurons to the oscillator interneurons was found. The results are consistent with a multineuronal oscillator in which different elements drive different groups of motor neurons. The pedal wave is the result of cyclic activation of the motor neurons by the oscillator network. Pedal motor neurons evoked several different types of tension changes in the foot when intracellularly stimulated. Fast and slow tension increases were observed. Some caused decreased tension in the foot when stimulated suggesting that they might be inhibitory motor neurons. Other neurons appeared to be involved in the central control of foot tonus. Pedal motor neurons had conduction velocities ranging from 36 to 136 cm.sec-1 and were found to have axons in more than one foot nerve branch. This property may contribute to the longitudinal spread of the pedal wave. PMID- 7378858 TI - Event-related slow potentials in rat cortex during a reaction time task: cortical area differences. AB - Event-related slow potentials were recorded from frontal and visual cortex of rats during a reaction time task in which rats were initiated at variable intervals by an auditory warning stimulus. Transcortical slow potential (SP) responses during the two-second period between onset of the warning stimulus and extension of a retractable lever were analyzed, using single trial and averaged response data. SP responses recorded from the two cortical areas differed significantly with respect to waveform and amplitude. The results indicate that event-related slow potentials from rat cortex are area dependent and that the small size of the rat brain does not preclude recording of SP changes with differential cortical distribution. PMID- 7378859 TI - Interactions between nucleus centrum medianum and gigantocellular nociceptive neurons. AB - Cells in nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (NGC) and nucleus centrum medianum (CM) are known to respond to tooth pulp stimulation, which is a nociceptive trigeminal stimulus. We examined the effect of stimulation of CM on this class of neurons in NGC. Thirty-nine percent of the 57 neurons tested were antidromically activated by stimulation of the ipsilateral CM, while 28% of the 40 neurons tested were antidromically activated from the contralateral CM. In addition, the spontaneous activity of seven NGC neurons was altered by stimulation of the ipsilateral CM, while five cells were affected by stimulation of the contralateral CM. These data suggest a complex and reciprocal interaction between neurons in NGC and CM. PMID- 7378861 TI - [Current neurological considerations in near-drowning]. PMID- 7378860 TI - Human auditory evoked potentials: reliability of intensity functions. AB - This investigation assessed the relative reliability of the human auditory evoked potential (AEP) amplitude-intensity and latency-intensity functions. Averaged AEP waveforms to 10 levels of stimulus magnitude were obtained from bipolar recordings. Variability and slope of group functions were constant, as indicated by nonsignificant differences in day-to-day residual variances and intersession regression coefficients. Periodic change in amplitude or latency thus indicated a shift of the entire function. Individual N1--P2 amplitude-intensity functions were similarly reliable, while individual P2--N2 amplitude and latency measures tended to be more variable. No significant differences were obtained across sessions for regression coefficients based on either group or individual data. Intersession AEP amplitude and latency apparently varied systematically with stimulus intensity. PMID- 7378863 TI - Near-drowning: correlation of level of consciousness and survival. AB - This paper reports a retrospective review of 121 cases of near-drowning treated at university hospitals in Miami and Gainesville. The series included 57 adults and 64 children who were classified into three categories, Category A (Awake), Category B (Blunted) and Category C (Comatose), based on their level of consciousness on arrival at the primary hospital. Results based on the total 121 patients showed 87 per cent survived with apparently normal brain function, two per cent survived with impaired brain function and 11 per cent died. The survival rate of all patients who were awake when they entered the hospital was significantly greater than that of both those who were admitted and blunted consciousness (p = 0.05) and those who were comatose when admitted (p less then 0.0001). Further, the group whose members had blunted consciousness had a significantly greater number of normal survivors than the group whose members were comatose on admission (p less than 0.002). All treated adults survived without permanent neurological damage and only three surviving children in the series suffered residual brain damage. Whether the course of the seven patients, three adults and four children, who died without return of brain function, would have been altered by deliberate attempts to preserve the brain is a matter of speculation. PMID- 7378862 TI - Cerebral salvage in near-drowning following neurological classification by triage. PMID- 7378864 TI - Changes in myocardial oxygen consumption, efficiency and haemodynamics when systemic pressure is increased during morphine and added halothane anaesthesia in dogs. PMID- 7378865 TI - The anaesthetic management of preterm infants undergoing ligation of patent ductus arteriosus. AB - The authors reviewed the records of seventy preterm infants suffering from respiratory distress syndrome and, in most cases, refractory congestive heart failure, who underwent ligation of patent ductus arteriosus. The peri-operative management of these patients is described. The anaesthetic technique consisted of nitrous oxide and oxygen supplemented with a relaxant. All patients were ventilated manually with a humidified Jackson Rees system. The operations were performed in the main operating suite. There were no deaths during operation. The infants were protected from significant temperature fluctuations by various methods which are described. The overall survival rate of all preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. The management presented is considered acceptable to the infants, to the surgeons and to the anaesthetists. PMID- 7378866 TI - Lumbar epidural anaesthesia and sensory profiles in term pregnant patients. AB - Sensory profiles of lumbar epidural anaesthesia were studied in 57 patients, during active labour. The local anaesthetics used were chloroprocaine three per cent with and without epinephrine, chloroprocaine two per cent, bupivacaine 0.25 per cent and a mixture of chloroprocaine three per cent and bupivacaine 0.5 per cent. A common pattern of spread was found for all local anaesthetic solutions with the onset of the block affecting the dermatomes innervated by the thinnest nerve roots (T12L1). There was a percentage of failure to block the thickest nerve root (S1). Inguinal and suprapubic discomfort ("missing segment") occurred when S1 was not blocked. Under the conditions of this experiment, the addition of bupivacaine to chloroprocaine did not increase the duration of the blockade significantly. PMID- 7378868 TI - Suxamethonium-induced jaw stiffness and myalgia associated with atypical cholinesterase: case report. AB - An 11-year-old boy was given halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen, pancuronium 0.4 mg and suxamethonium 100 mg for induction of anaesthesia. In response to this a marked jaw stiffness occurred which lasted for two minutes and the anaesthesia were terminated. Four hours of apnoea ensued and he suffered generalized severe myalgia lasting for one week. He was found to have atypical plasma cholinesterase with a dibucaine number of 12, indicating homozygocity. This was verified by study of the family. The case shows that prolonged jaw rigidity and myalgia may occur after suxamethonium in patients with atypical cholinesterase despite pretreatment with pancuronium. PMID- 7378872 TI - Millilitres per hour: an easy conversion. PMID- 7378867 TI - Severe muscular rigidity at birth: malignant hyperthermia syndrome? AB - A case of severe muscular rigidity in a premature male infant born by Caesarean Section under general anaesthesia is described. A probable diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia was supported by the clinical symptoms of muscular rigidity and cyanosis, a creatinine phosphokinase of 24,630 I.U. (Normal 0--100) and a urinary myoglobin of 248 mg/l (normal 6--35). The muscle tone and laboratory values slowly returned to normal over a period of days. Anaesthetic management for a ventriculoperitoneal shunt performed at seven weeks of age included pre and postoperative treatment with dantrolene. No crisis occurred at this time. The parents, who have normal CPK and a negative family history, were advised to treat the child as if he had malignant hyperthermia until such time as a definitive diagnosis can be made. PMID- 7378871 TI - Dantrolene and caffeine contracture test. PMID- 7378870 TI - Dantrolene and caffeine contracture test. PMID- 7378873 TI - Anaesthesia recruitment: the case for optimism. PMID- 7378869 TI - Is bacterial contamination of anaesthetic equipment adequately controlled by pasteurization alone? PMID- 7378875 TI - The subunit and polypeptide structure of hexosaminidases from human placenta. PMID- 7378874 TI - Fractionation of large glycopeptides of human teratocarcinoma-derived cells by concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography. AB - Human teratocarcinoma derived cells, line PA 1, were labeled with radioactive monosaccharides and subsequently digested with pronase. Large sized glycopeptides (fraction A) were isolated by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-10. Their chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose gave three subfractions, two of which were eluted with a sugar-free buffer and the third with 10 mM alpha-methyl mannoside. The first subfraction (fraction A-Con A Ia) incorporated label from [3H]galactose and [3H]glucosamine and contained the largest components of fraction A. The second and the third subfractions (fractions A-Con A Ib and A-Con A II) were glycopeptides which incorporated label from tritiated fucose, mannose, galactose, and glucosamine. Even these molecules were of large size eluting partially at the void volume from Bio-Gel P-60. The glycopeptides of fraction A Con A Ib contained mannose, fucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and N acetylgalactosamine. Fucose and galactose residues occupied ultimate or penultimate positions at the nonreducing termini of the oligosaccharides. N Acetylneuraminic acid, too, was present in the glycopeptides of fraction A. PMID- 7378876 TI - Inhibition of purified wheat germ DNA dependent RNA polymerase by pyran copolymer. AB - The inhibition of DNA and RNA polymerases in vitro by pyran copolymer has been shown to be related to its affinity for divalent cations. The present investigation was designed to explore further the nature of this inhibition using completely purified eukaryotic RNA polymerase II from wheat germ. Inhibition was determined as a function of divalent ion concentration and, as previously seen with less pure enzyme preparation, was greatest at low (Mn2+) and least at higher concentrations. No inhibition was observed at concentrations greater than 4.8 mM MgCl2 in the presence of 10 micrograms pyran/mL. The inhibition by pyran copolymer was exerted immediately unlike other polyanions, such as heparin and polynucleotides. This indicates that it stops RNA chain growth immediately as do known chelators of divalent cations. The size of pyran copolymer was shown to affect the extent of inhibition when different sized polymers were fractionated from a heterogenous single lot. However, when sized fractions were obtained from different lots we could not show a size-dependent inhibition. Although the mechanisms by which pyran copolymer exerts its biological effect is unknown, it may well be related to its association with cations. The inhibition of enzymes requiring these cations appears to be a sensitive method of observing such an association. PMID- 7378877 TI - Glycosaminoglycans of tissues of the domestic fowl. AB - Mucopolysaccharide-peptide complexes (MPS-P) from skin, comb, wattle, liver, kidney, spleen, lung, heart, ovaries, egg yolk, infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, shell gland, and vagina of the White Leghorn laying hens were isolated after extraction with acetone, papain hydrolysis, and cetyl pyridinium chloride precipitation. They were analyzed for characteristic components of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and carbohydrate parts of glycoproteins and for amino acids. The infrared spectra of the MPS-P were studied for detection of the GAG present. The MPS-P were submitted to cellulose acetate electrophoresis for detection of GAG and to column chromatography on an anionic resin for quantitative determination of GAG. PMID- 7378878 TI - Studies on the in vivo uptake and incorporation of 1-14C-labeled D-hexosamines in tissues, mucopolysaccharide-peptide complexes, and glycosaminoglycans of the domestic fowl. AB - The incorporation of radioactivity from D-[1-14C]glucosamine and D-[1 14C]galactosamine into the tissues of skin, comb, wattle, liver, kidney, spleen, lung, heart, ovaries, egg yolk, infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, shell gland, and vagina of the White Leghorn laying hens was studied for different time intervals up to 120 h. A total of 28 laying hens were involved in this experimentation. The radioactivity was measured in the above whole tissue, the acetone extracts, the acetone-extracted tissues, the mucopolysaccharide-peptide complex (MPS-P), and in individual glycosaminoglycan (GAG) isolated from skin, comb, liver, kidney, and egg yolk. The radioactivities of the expired CO2 of the eggs and of the excreted urine and faeces were also measured in some cases. There was an increase in 14C associated with MPS-P with increasing time of experiment in all the tissues studied except in the case of the liver. The rate of increase of radioactivity was dependent on the tissue. A useful scheme for the study of the speed of the formation of GAG is to consider the acetone extract and the acetone-extracted tissue as macrocompartments from where the GAG draw hexosamines for their formation. PMID- 7378879 TI - Polypeptide turnover in brown adipose tissue mitochondria during acclimation of rats to cold. PMID- 7378880 TI - DNA sequence organization in the starfish Dermasterias imbricata. AB - The sequence arrangement in the genomic DNA of the starfish Dermasterias imbricata has been examined. Analyses of kinetics of reassociation in solution at DNA lengths of 400, 3100, and 6200 base pairs (bp) demonstrate the interspersion of repetitive and unique DNA. At a fragment length of 400 bp, 45% of the DNA reacts at a rate appropriate for single-copy sequences in a genome of this size (0.54 pg). Interspersion of repetitive sequences is also demonstrated by the reduced hyperchromicity of 3100- or 6200-bp fragments reacted to Cot 10, where only repetitive sequences have formed duplex. S1 nuclease digestion of 3100-bp fragments reassociated to Cot 10 shows that both short (approximately 230 bp) and long (greater than or equal to 2600 bp) repetitive sequences are present in this DNA. These data demonstrate a short period interspersion pattern in Dermasterias. PMID- 7378882 TI - Renewal of rod outer segments following light-induced damage of the retina. AB - Fluorescent lighting was used to induce severe but reversible damage of the rod outer segments of the retinas of albino rats. The animals were then kept in continuous darkness for up to 12 days. Pairs of animals were killed after 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12 days of continuous darkness. Light microscopic examination of the retinas demonstrated a sharp demarcation between the light-damaged distal ends of the rod outer segments and the newly formed proximal ends. Measurement of the proximal ends demonstrated proximo-distal renewal of the rod outer segments during the first 9 days of continuous darkness. Parametric statistical analysis of the data revealed that the renewal occurred linearly, at an average rate of 2.66 micron/d, which is similar to the rate of renewal of the rod outer segments in the undamaged retina of the rat. PMID- 7378881 TI - Temporal visual field defects in glaucoma. AB - In a study of 151 glaucomatous eyes with typical nerve fibre bundle defects we found that 4 (3%) had isolated temporal visual field defects. We stress the importance of studying the temporal field in patients with glaucoma. PMID- 7378883 TI - Epidemiology in ophthalmology. PMID- 7378884 TI - Effect of cigarette smoke on the surface structure of the conjunctival epithelium. AB - Syrian golden hamsters were exposed to cigarette smoke in an intermittent smoke exposure device, and the surface structure of the tarsal conjunctiva was compared with that of sham-smoked and cage-held controls. Scanning electron microscopy revealed distortion and loss of microvilli of the conjunctival cells in the smoke exposed animals. PMID- 7378885 TI - Decreased ocular light penetration and electroretinographic response time. AB - The response time is an extremely important element of the clinical electroretinogram (ERG) with respect to the recording's clinical interpretation. It is related to the intensity of stimulation. A series of simple experiments was devised in which light penetration to the retina was impaired. We expected simple and straightforward results, with all situations resulting in a decreased effective intensity of stimulation. It seems, however, that different types of decreased ocular light penetration may have different effects on ERG sensitivity and response time. When light penetration to the retina is decreased by filters the peak time is normal at the threshold (50 microV) and the sensitivity is decreased. Miosis produces quite a different picture:both the peak time at the threshold and the sensitivity are decreased. The results with miosis are similar to those obtained with models of photoreceptor destruction. Vitreous hemorrhages seem to act, according to the amount and diffusion of blood, either as filters or by producing a focal loss of photoreceptor function. PMID- 7378886 TI - Sialidosis: the cherry-red spot--myoclonus syndrome. AB - The sialidoses are a group of storage disorders of autosomal recessive inheritance in which there is a deficiency of lysosomal neuraminidase (sialidase) activity and associated sialyloligosacchariduria. Patients with one type of sialidosis may present initially to the ophthalmologist because of a cherry-red spot at the macula. In most of these patients progressive neurologic deficits ultimately develop; myoclonus is a prominent feature. A patient with the so called cherry-red spot--myoclonus syndrome is described who had a marked deficit of the ocular smooth pursuit system, with consequent nystagmus. His visual system was normal clinically and electrophysiologically despite the obvious storage in the retinal ganglion cells. PMID- 7378890 TI - Miniaturization of the vitrophage: vitrectomy instrument. AB - We have developed a miniaturized vitrectomy instrument tip called the "miniphage". This system is useful to remove membranes and congenital and traumatic cataracts in children. The miniphage cuts taut intravitreal bands and preretinal membranes efficiently. PMID- 7378887 TI - Prognostic indicators in ocular hypertension. AB - Decreased pupil size and lens opacity, rather than high intraocular pressure, have been cited as reasons for the concentric constriction of the visual field occurring in eyes with suspected glaucoma. We studied a group of eyes showing ocular hypertension and found increased concentric constriction of the visual field when compared with that of healthy control eyes. While the degree of constriction and patient age tended to predict the transition to glaucoma, we found the absence of hypermetropia to be a strong prognostic indicator. PMID- 7378888 TI - Epidermoid carcinoma of the lacrimal sac: a clinicopathological case report. AB - Epidermoid carcinomas of the lacrimal sac are rare. We report a case that illustrates the difficulties in their diagnosis. When the diagnosis was made in our patient the tumour had extended beyond the sac wall and treatment was unsuccessful. The prognosis of these tumours depends on early diagnosis and complete excision, which demands a high degree of suspicion in all cases of chronic tearing, chronic dacryocystitis or a nonreducible mass in the area of the lacrimal sac. Consultation with an otolaryngologist is esential in both diagnosis and management. PMID- 7378889 TI - Electron microscopy in iris nevus syndrome. AB - In a patient with the clinical features of the iris nevus syndrome who was treated for glaucoma a cataract developed later. The sector of iris removed during cataract extraction was examined by electron microscopy and was found to be covered by ectopic corneal endothelium with an underlying atypical Descemet's membrane. Abnormalities in the iris included aggregates of melanophagic cells in the anterior stroma and fibrosis in relation to the ectopic endothelium. These findings suggest that many of the iris abnormalities seen in this disorder occur on a reactive basis. PMID- 7378892 TI - Esotropia in a young child. PMID- 7378894 TI - Reliability of the Schirmer tear test. PMID- 7378893 TI - Ocular melanoma: a population-based study. AB - During the 10-year period ending December 1976 ocular malignant melanoma developed in 99 patients in Alberta. To investigate the natural history of this disease we reviewed certain clinical and epidemiologic features of these cases. Of all the melanomas during that time 16% occurred in the eye, and of all the ocular malignant diseases 70% were malignant melanomas. The more malignant mixed cell tumours were much more frequent in the women than in the men, while the converse was true of the less malignant spindle cell melanomas. Within each cell type the women survived longer than the men. The actuarial 5-year survival rate of the entire group was 62%. Metastases occurred in 29 of the 99 patients; the liver was the only or initial site in 22 (76%). Our study shows that there has been no improvement in the survival rate of patients with ocular melanoma over the past 10 years. Our therapeutic methods must be improved. PMID- 7378897 TI - Yellow coloration of preretinal (subhyaloid) hemorrhages associated with a sudden increase in intravascular pressure. AB - Among seven patients with preretinal (subhyaloid) hemorrhages associated with the Valsalva maneuver a striking yellow coloration of the globular lesions was noted during their evolution in five. The coloration was probably due to the accumulation of bilirubin during hemoglobin disintegration. The visual prognosis in such cases is usually excellent unless unless the hemorrhage is massive, and no retinal or vascular abnormalities have been found after the hemorrhage has disappeared. The unusual appearance of the fundus may pose diagnostic problems if the patient is initially seen when the mass is yellow. PMID- 7378891 TI - The patient's view: Usher's syndrome. PMID- 7378895 TI - Amaurosis fugax. PMID- 7378896 TI - The formation of collagen and its relation to ophthalmic diseases (first of two parts). AB - In this first part of the review the assembly and structuring of collagen to form various types of fibrous tissue are described. Intracellularly this involves translation of the genetic code of nuclear DNA into chains of amino acids in the endoplasmic reticulum, hydroxylation, glycosylation and winding of these chains into the triple helix of procollagen, which is then extruded into the extracellular space. Extracellularly procollagen is converted to tropocollagen, which is then aligned and cross-linked into fibres by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic processes. PMID- 7378898 TI - Canaliculitis: review of 12 cases. AB - Canaliculitis must be considered in patients with chronic unilateral conjunctivitis. Pouting of the punctum, canalicular swelling and expression of particulate matter or stones are important clinical signs, and dacryocystography often helps in diagnosis. Meticulous microbiologic studies may not reveal actinomycetes. Canaliculotomy with silver nitrate cauterization is effective treatment. PMID- 7378899 TI - Quantitative correlation between the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium and the oxygen uptake of corneal cells. AB - We wished to measure the amount of reduced nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) formed in corneal cells and to relate it to the viability of the cells in terms of their oxygen uptake. Two full-thickness corneal discs of identical size (3, 4, 5 or 6 mm in diameter) were cut from the eyes of guinea pigs. One disc was processed for the measurement of its reduced NBT and cellular nitrogen content; the other was processed for the measurement of its oxygen uptake and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content. As the diameter of the corneal disc (that is, the number of cells) increased, the quantity of reduced NBT, nitrogen and DNA and the oxygen uptake increased proportionality. Since each of these measures correlated positively with each other (P less than 0.01) we were able to estimate the number of viable cells in a given cornea by measuring the amount of reduced NBT (formazan granules) formed in the cells. PMID- 7378901 TI - Peter's anomaly with congenital aphakia. AB - An Inuit boy was born with microphthalmia and a central corneal opacity of the right globe. Histopathologic examination revealed a central adherent corneal leukoma (Peter's anomaly) as well as absence of the lens. We are not aware of other well documented histopathologic reports of congenital aphakia and Peter's anomaly occurring in the same eye. PMID- 7378900 TI - Mucosal cyst of lacrimal gland fossa simulating lacrimal gland neoplasm. AB - A 28-year-old man presented with an orbital tumour that was localized by computerized tomography to the fossa of the right lacrimal gland. A benign mixed tumour of the lacrimal gland was the clinical diagnosis, but lateral orbitotomy revealed a subperiosteal cystic mass in the lacrimal gland fossa that extended superiorly and medially into the frontal sinus. Light microscopic examination showed a cyst lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with occasional goblet cells; blood products were present in the lumen, and a chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate was noted in the subepithelial tissue. The possible origins of this mucosal tissue are discussed. PMID- 7378902 TI - Actions of the novel bronchodilator, trimetaquinol, on bovine pulmonary vein. AB - The actions of the beta-sympathomimetic bronchodilator trimetaquinol (TMQ) were examined on bovine pulmonary vein smooth muscle in vitro. TMQ partially and reversibly inhibited 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) induced contractions of the vein strips. The relaxant activity was neither blocked by propranolol (10(-7) M) nor enhanced by phentolamine (10(-7) M). Isoproterenol, alone or in the presence of phentolamine (10(-7) M), was much less effective than TMQ in relaxing 5HT-induced contractions. From these results it is suggested that TMQ functions via a "non beta-adrenergic" mechanism to relax bovine pulmonary vein smooth muscle. PMID- 7378903 TI - Antipyrine metabolism in man: simultaneous determination of norantipyrine and 4 hydroxyantipyrine in urine by gas chromatography. AB - A gas chromatographic method was developed to determine metabolites of antipyrine, norantipyhis method requires no derivatization and has ample sensitivity to determine these metabolites in urine after ingestion of antipyrine, a compound widely used as a hepatic probe of drug oxidation. PMID- 7378904 TI - Conjugated dopamine: peripheral origin, distribution, and response to acute stress in the dog. PMID- 7378905 TI - The responses of carotid vascular strips from spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. AB - The responses to noradrenaline (NA) and KCl of carotid arterial strips from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and three strains of normotensive rats (NR) were compared using tissue obtained from young (5--7 weeks) or older (15--17 weeks) rats. The maximum responses and sensitivity of strips from SHR were less than those of NR in both age groups. Relaxation of maximum NA-induced responses was consistently faster, and relaxation of KCl-induced responses generally slower with strips from SHR. Carotid strips from young SHR showed a greater dependence on extracellular calcium in their responses to NA and a lesser dependence in their KCl-induced responses than tissues from NR. We conclude that the smooth muscle of carotid arteries from SHR differs intrinsically from that of NR and that the differences in vascular responses may be related to altered excitation contraction processes in the SHR. PMID- 7378906 TI - A relationship between ultrasonic intensity and changes in myocardial mechanics. AB - The effects of ultrasound on the mechanical properties of isometrically contracting rat papillary muscle have been studied as a function of the intensity of the ultrasonic irradiation. Each muscle was subjected to irradiation at 1.1., 2.2, and 3.3 W/cm2 at a frequency of 2.3 MHz. Ultrasonic irradiation caused heating in the vicinity of the muscle; thus it was necessary to separate the pure thermal and ultrasonic effects. After irradiation the bath temperature was increased so that the muscle reached the same temperature which occurred during ultrasonic irradiation. The mechanical parameters measured during the equivalent thermal procedure were compared with the parameters during irradiation. There was a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in resting force which was significantly different from the equivalent thermal intervention and could be related to the ultrasonic intensity. Thus, the effect of ultrasound on rat papillary consists of two components, a thermal component which affects all parameters studied and a nonthermal component which affects only the diastolic force. PMID- 7378907 TI - Inhibition of kindling-induced generalized seizures by aminooxyacetic acid. AB - The anticonvulsant effect of aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) was examined on a model of experimental epilepsy (kindling) induced by daily appropriate amygdaloid stimulation in the rat. Doses from 5 to 30 mg/kg were intraperitoneally administered in fully kindled animals 3--4 h before triggering a seizure. At low doses (less than 15 mg/kg) AOAA had no effect whereas at higher doses (greater than 15 mg/kg) it reduced the severity of the generalized kindled seizures in over half the cases, and even sometimes completely blocked them. The inhibition of epileptic activity by AOAA is in accordance with the hypothesis that an increase in GABA level is associated with a reduction of epileptic sensitivity. An unexpected lengthening of the afterdischarge duration was also observed in about 20% of the cases, independently of the amount administered. This fact is discussed in regard to the complex action of AOAA on gamma-aminobutyric acid related enzymes. Finally, since the afterdischarge threshold was shown to be unaffected by the drug, it is suggested that it may act on the afterdischarge propagation rather than at the focal amygdaloid level. PMID- 7378908 TI - Regional distribution of sodium acetylsalicylate in the brain of normothermic and hyperthermic rabbits. AB - This study was designed to determine regional distribution of sodium acetylsalicylate in the brain of normothermic rabbits, rabbits with hyperthermia induced by pyrogen administration, and rabbits with hyperthermia induced by infrared irradiation. Increasing body temperature with either leucocytic pyrogen or infrared light irradiation about doubled the concentration of sodium acetylsalicylate in four regions of the brain. This suggests a more rapid penetration of sodium acetylsalicylate into the brain under hyperthermic conditions. This may explain why the drug lowers body temperature more effectively in febrile animals than in afebrile animals. PMID- 7378909 TI - Lack of effect of botulinum toxin on nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory responses of the guinea pig fundus in vitro. AB - The nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory (NAI) response of guinea pig fundic strip to electrical field stimulation was examined in the presence of botulinum toxin and tetrodotoxin. Tetrodotoxin completely abolished the NAI response while botulinum toxin did not alter it. It is concluded that the mediator of NAI responses is unlikely to be released with acetylcholine from cholinergic nerves or that such release would have to occur by a mechanism resistant to botulinum toxin. PMID- 7378910 TI - Effect of changes in blood flow, norepinephrine, and pH on oxygen uptake by resting skeletal muscle. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of norepinephrine infusion alone and during alkalosis on oxygen uptake in the dog gastrocnemius-plantaris muscle group under conditions of constant muscle blood flow. The animals were not cold acclimatized. Blood flow was pump controlled, alkalosis was produced by hyperventilation, and norepinephrine was infused intravenously at a rate of 1- 1.5 micrograms/kg per minute. Alkalosis had no effect either alone or in combination with changes in blood flow. Similarly, changing blood flow from a low (0.10 +/- 0.02 mL/g muscle per minute (mean +/- SE)) to a high (0.34 +/- 0.04 mL/g muscle per minute) rate did not alter resting oxygen uptake. Norepinphrine caused an average increase of about 30% in resting muscle oxygen uptake which was sustained for the 15-min sampling period during a low flow-norepinephrine infusion and during the low and high blood flow-norepinephrine-alkalosis sampling periods. Norepinephrine infusion during the period of high muscle blood flow without alkalosis resulted in a transient increase followed by a decrease in muscle oxygen uptake. The data demonstrated that infusion of norepinephrine increased skeletal muscle oxygen uptake in "non-cold-acclimatized" dogs at low constant muscle blood flow. Further, without alkalosis, the norepinephrine effect at high flow was transient. PMID- 7378912 TI - Studies on the interaction of 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol with the testicular estrogen receptor. AB - 5 alpha-Androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol (3 beta-diol) was observed to inhibit [3H]estradiol ([3H]E2) binding to testicular cytosol preparations from both immature and mature rats with a potency of 1% that of diethylstilbestrol. The nature of the inhibition of [3H]E2 binding by 3 beta-diol was shown to be competitive with a KI of approximately 12 nM. This high competitive potency for a C19 steroid required both 3 beta- and 17-hydroxyl groups,, and reduced C5 position to inhibit E2 binding. Despite the interaction of 3 beta-diol with E2 receptor in vitro, injection of immature rats with 25 or 250 microgram 3 beta diol 1-6 h before autopsy did not occupy or deplete the testicular cytoplasmic E2 receptor. When administered to immature female rats, 3 beta-diol did not show estrogenic agonistic or antagonistic activity in the uterus. These results suggest that the interaction of 3 beta-diol with the testicular receptor may be of little physiological significance. PMID- 7378911 TI - Potentiation of presynaptic inhibition of nociceptive pathways as a mechanism for analgesia. AB - In decerebrated spinal cats, stimulation of cutaneous A delta and C afferents and intraarterial injections of bradykinin into a hind limb produced a reduction in the threshold for antidromic activation in the substantia gelatinosa of single C fibres. Meperidine increased the unconditioned threshold but potentiated the decrease in the threshold produced by A delta fibre stimulation and by bradykinin injection. These results support the suggestion that myelinated cutaneous afferents can depolarize C afferent terminals. The observations also indicate that the depolarization of C afferent terminals produced during pain and by stimulation of other cutaneous afferents is potentiated by meperidine. PMID- 7378913 TI - Passage of iron out of the intestinal mucosa of the rat. AB - To determine the effect of removal of the "lumen-to-mucosa" concentration gradient on the passage of iron (Fe) out of the intestine, duodenal loops of rats with loaded (FeL) or deficient (FeD) iron stores were perfused for 30 min with 5.0 mM solutions containing 59Fe. The test solutions were then removed and in vivo perfusion of the washed mucosa was continued for up to 60 min with saline or unlabelled FE-saline. Despite the greater initial uptake of Fe by FeD than FeL, continued perfusion with saline was associated with the appearance of similar quantities of 59Fe in the perfusate; in contrast, when perfusion was continued with Fe-saline, the loss of 59Fe into the perfusate was increased and was twice as great in FeD as in FeL. Iron transfer to the carcass was higher in FeD than in FeL, but continued perfusion with saline was associated with the appearance of increased amounts of 59Fe in the carcass of FeL but not FeD; the amount of 59Fe appearing in the carcass was greatly increased in both FeD and FeL by continued perfusion with Fe-saline. Thus, the amount of 59Fe available for entry into the intestinal lumen and carcass after removal of the lumen-to-mucosa concentration gradient is influenced by the size of the body iron stores and by the presence of iron in the fluid remaining in the lumen. Therefore, the amount of iron in the fluid remaining in the intestinal lumen after the administration of the Fe test dose must be carefully defined when estimating the kinetics of the intestinal absorption of iron. PMID- 7378914 TI - Function of the coronary arterial collateral network in healthy myocardium: studies of peripheral coronary pressure in the dog. AB - Coronary collateral arterial network function was studied in normal dog myocardium using measurements of peripheral coronary pressure (pressure measured distal to a ligature in a branch of the anterior descending coronary artery). Free communication between all parts of the anastomotic network was demonstrated. Adrenaline infusion raised systolic and diastolic levels of peripheral coronary pressure both when the systemic blood pressure was allowed to rise and in experiments where rise in systemic arterial pressure was prevented by haemorrhage. It is suggested that myocardial contraction pressurizes the subendocardial network thus facilitating perfusion of postnetwork vessels. This effect prolongs the time during which coronary vessels affected by rising intramyocardial pressure in systole can be perfused during the cardiac cycle. Additional evidence is presented to indicate the existence of a critical closing pressure in the coronary circulation at about 1.7 kPa (12.8 mmHg). PMID- 7378915 TI - The in vivo uptake of [3H]isoprenaline by the chick embryonic heart and liver. AB - Seven-day-old embryos received 3.7 x 10(5) Bq (10 muCi) of [3H]isoprenaline (IPRO) hydrochloride intraamnially. The capacity of myocardial and liver tissue for taking up administered catecholamine increased rapidly during the first 10 min after administration. The peak concentration (disintegrations per minute per milligram) in the heart, however, was significantly lower as compared with the liver. Thereafter the uptake in both organs markedly decreased and reached its lowest values between 15 and 30 min. From then on, the concentration of the tritium-labelled compound increased again and 6 h after administration it attained the second peak in both organs. This value was more than five times higher in the liver as compared with the myocardium. Radiometric evaluation of chromatograms from myocardial and liver extracts has revealed that IPRO is rapidly metabolized to 3-O-methyl IPRO. The proportion of this fraction in both organs represents approximately 40% of total radioactivity as early as 5 min after administration. The time course of IPRO uptake indicates that the following factors may participate in the development of cardiac and hepatic lesions: (a) IPRO immediately after administration, and (b) subsequently its toxic metabolites. PMID- 7378916 TI - Cerebral monoamine and energy metabolism during recovery from hypoxia-oligemia. AB - The effects of 30 min of exposure to arterial Po2's of 25-27 mmHg and right carotid artery occlusion upon the cerebral monoamine and energy metabolism were studied in lightly anesthetized rats following reoxygenation for 0, 30, and 60 min. At 0 min of recovery the clamped hemisphere showed decreases in ATP and increases in ADP, AMP, and lactate which indicated an advanced disturbance of the tissues' mitochondrial function. At 0 min of recovery the tryptophan hydroxylation rate was 40% of control, whereas tyrosine hydroxylation was unchanged. Removal of the clamp and reoxygenation for 60 min resulted in a normalization of oxidative metabolism and aromatic amino acid hydroxylase function and thus indicated no permanent detectable defect of these processes in the restituted hypoxemic-oligemic brain. PMID- 7378918 TI - A positive inotropic response of guinea pig isolated atria to histamine not mediated via H1 or H2 receptors. AB - The positive chronotropic responses of guinea pig isolated right atria to histamine were antagonized by metiamide (pA2, 5.95) thus confirming their H2 receptor classification. The positive inotropic responses of paced left atria were antagonized to some extent by mepyramine to give a pA2 value of 7.87, indicating the involvement of H1 receptors. A limit to the shift of cumulative dose-response curves for the inotropic response suggested an H1 receptor resistant component. The inotropic response to sequentially administered histamine was biphasic. On lowering the temperature to 25 degrees C, the two components became more demarcated and separated by a negative phase. Only the primary positive component and the negative component were antagonized by mepyramine. At 38 degrees C, the response was similarly converted to a monophasic one. The residual responses were resistant to metiamide and propranolol antagonism and therefore not mediated via H1, H2, or beta-adrenergic receptors. PMID- 7378917 TI - The effect of alveolar hypoxia on pulmonary vascular responsiveness in the conscious newborn lamb. AB - To determine the effect of alveolar hypoxia and consequent increased pulmonary vascular tone on the responsiveness of the neonatal pulmonary circulation, we studied the local pulmonary vascular effects of acetylcholine, bradykinin, and histamine in the normoxic and hypoxic newborn lamb. Right and left pulmonary flows were continuously monitored from chronically implanted electromagnetic flow probes, agents were injected into only one lung, and changes in the proportion of pulmonary blood flow directed to the injected lung (Qinj/QT) provided a measure of active local pulmonary vascular constriction or dilation. At maximally tolerated doses, hypoxia enhanced the dilatory effects of acetylcholine and diminished the constrictor effects of histamine but hypoxia had a minimal effect on the maximal dilatation induced by bradykinin. Hypoxia did appear to lower the threshold dose for bradykinin's effects. These results demonstrate that base-line conditions may qualitatively alter the responsiveness of the neonatal pulmonary circulation to several drugs. In these agents, increased base-line tone generally augmented dilatory effects and diminished constrictor effects. However, the lack of such an effect on the dilator response to a high dose of bradykinin suggests the possibility that hypoxic-induced changes in pulmonary vascular responsiveness may not be entirely passive. Further, these results do not support the hypothesis that hypoxic-induced vasoconstriction is mediated by decreased production of bradykinin. PMID- 7378920 TI - Preparation and properties of poly(N alpha, N epsilon-L-lysinediylterephthaloyl) microcapsules containing hemolysate in the nanometer range. AB - Poly(N alpha, N epsilon-L-lysinediylterephthaloyl) (PPL) microcapsules containing sheep erythrocyte hemolysate (mean diameter, 380 nm) were prepared by an interfacial polymerization technique using electrocapillary emulsification as the means of producing very fine hemolysate droplets to be encapsulated. Measurements of oxygen absorption and resistance to flow were made on the PPL microcapsules. The microcapsules exhibited a myoglobin-like oxygen absorption curve and a resistance to flow higher than that of hemolysate-loaded larger PPL capsules at the same volume concentration. PMID- 7378922 TI - Effects of fasting on the diuretic response and disposition of furosemide in rats. AB - The influence of fasting on the relationship between the disposition and diuretic effect of furosemide was studied in rats. Fasting consisted of withholding solid food, but not water, for a period of 16 h before administering furosemide (10 mg/kg, sc) or a saline vehicle. Normally fed animals also received furosemide or the vehicle. Fasting did not modify the diuretic or the natriuretic effect (per 100 g body weight) of furosemide. The distribution of total furosemide in plasma or tissues was not affected by fasting. On the other hand, fasting which produced increasing amounts of endogenous free fatty acids in plasma and kidneys increased the concentration of free furosemide in fasting plasma but not in fasting kidney or liver of rats. The in vitro binding constant of furosemide to physiological concentrations of plasma proteins was decreased from the control value by a factor of 6.5 as a result of fasting. Neither unchanged furosemide nor its metabolite in the urine was affected by fasting. Incubation of kidney cortex tissue slices with furosemide both in the presence and absence of free fatty acid indicated an inhibition of furosemide uptake in a manner closely parallel to inhibition by probenecid. Thus, failure to observe a more pronounced diuretic and saluretic effects of furosemide in fasted rats, in spite of higher concentration of free plasma furosemide, might be due to the inhibitory effect of endogenous free fatty acids and (or) other endogenous substances on the uptake of furosemide by renal tubular cells although some homeostatic control mechanisms related to fasting could also be involved. PMID- 7378921 TI - Intraneuronal effects of inhibitory amino acids. AB - Injections of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) into spinal motoneurons (in cats under Dial) induce a small but relatively prolonged hyperpolarization (mean - 1.7 mV, SD 2.1; n = 25) which is associated with a rise in input resistance (mean 44%, SD 122; n = 34), is not reversed by hyperpolarization, and is not potentiated by intracellular release of benzodiazepines. Muscimol sometimes has a comparable effect, but alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and glycine do not. These observations are consistent with the possibility that motoneurons have a Na+ coupled GABA transport mechanism that is electrogenic and can be reversed by an excess of intracellular GABA. PMID- 7378919 TI - Elasticity of ligated carotid arteries of rabbits with and without a cholesterol rich diet. AB - Elasticity of carotid arterial segments of rabbits proximal and distal to an induced ligation was examined. In the presence of both ligation and hypercholesterolemia, longitudinal distensibility was decreased while circumferential distensibility increased. The decrease in longitudinal distensibility was attributed to a decrease in the slack of collagen while the increase in circumferential distensibility was attributed to an increase in the slack of collagen as well as a decrease in the elastances of elastin and collagen. Cholesterol alone was found not to affect the elasticity, while ligation acting alone slightly decreased the circumferential distensibility while leaving the longitudinal distensibility unchanged. High serum cholesterol was also found to accelerate intimal proliferation in regions near the ligature. Some intimal proliferation was seen near the ligature, but this could not be quantitated as the sections were too short for pressure fixation. If intimal proliferation is a precursor of atherosclerotic lesions, then formation of these lesions might be accelerated near occluded regions and maybe also in regions of disturbed blood flow when high serum cholesterol is present. PMID- 7378924 TI - Diazepam receptors on mouse astrocytes in primary cultures: displacement by pharmacologically active concentrations of benzodiazepines or barbiturates. AB - Astrocytes in primary cultures were found to bind large amounts of [3H]diazepam. More than 90% of the total binding is specific, i.e., displaceable by an excess of nonlabeled diazepam. At saturation the specific binding amounts to about 20 pmol/mg protein and the Kd value is 30 nM. Clonazepam and flurazepam displace [3H]diazepam from its specific binding sites; 20-30% displacement is brought about by 0.1-0.3 microM clonazepam, which is similar to the plasma concentrations encountered in epileptic patients treated with this drug. Barbiturates have a similar effect, but considerably higher concentrations are required. PMID- 7378923 TI - The effects of repeated doses of indomethacin on fetal rabbit mortality and on the patency of the ductus arteriosus. AB - The effects on fetal mortality and on the patency of the ductus arteriosus of several doses of indomethacin administered at different frequencies to pregnant rabbits were studied. The data show that the number of intrauterine deaths was related to both the dose and frequency of indomethacin administration. However, the degree of constriction of the ductus arteriosus of the dead fetuses was approximately the same, regardless of the dose or the frequency of drug administration. Therefore, the smaller doses may have caused constriction of the ductus for a sufficiently short period of time as not to be lethal in all cases whereas the constriction produced by the larger doses would be of greater duration and more likely to cause death. Although both maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of drug were elevated, there were litters in which no fetal deaths occurred. As the Cesarean sections were performed at various times after the last maternal injection of drug, there was no evidence of a relationship between the dose of drug and the plasma concentrations. However, the fetal plasma concentrations of indomethacin were consistently higher than that of the doe, suggesting that the monitoring of only maternal plasma concentrations of some drugs may be a poor index of the amount of drug in the fetal circulation. PMID- 7378925 TI - Prostaglandin E2 catabolism in the spinal nerve roots of the cat. AB - Catabolism of prostaglandin (PG) E2 was studied in homogenates of spinal cord and spinal nerve roots of the cat. Spinal roots enzymatically converted PGE2 to a product (metabolite I) with the chromatographic mobility of 15-keto-PGE2. Little metabolic degradation occurred in the spinal cord; however, incubation of PGE2 with combined spinal cord and nerve root tissue yielded a second metabolite (metabolite II) in addition to metabolite I. Metabolite II was identified as 15 keto-13, 14-dihydro-PGE2. These results prove that spinal nerve roots, unlike the spinal cord, contain 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) which is the major and rate-limiting enzyme in the inactivation of prostaglandins. The location and functional significance of 15-PGDH in peripheral nerves remain to be elucidated. PMID- 7378926 TI - Influence of dietary portein on the disposition and metabolism of phenylbutazone in rats. AB - Information of dietary protein on the disposition and metabolism of phenylbutazone was investigated in male rats fed ad libitum A 21% (control) or a 5% (low) protein diet for 3 weeks. Phenylbutazone and its metabolites were assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Dietary protein deficiency was associated with a decrease in the conversion of phenylbutazone into oxyphenbutazone by 9000 x g liver supernatant of protein-deficient rats. Also, dietary protein deficiency was associated with a decrease in the urinary excretion of various metabolites of phenylbutazone, namely, oxyphenbutazone, gamma-hydroxyphenylbutazone, beta-hydroxyphenylbutazone, p,gamma dihydroxyphenylbutazone, and an unknown metabolite (not identified). Pretreatment with various metabolites in both groups of animals. Within 5 min after an injection of phenylbutazone, plasma contained oxyphenbutazone; the area under the curve of oxyphenbutazone was significantly greater in protein-deficient rats than in controls possibly due to a greater accumulation. It is concluded that dietary protein deficiency is associated with a decrease in the disposition and metabolism of phenylbutazone in rats. PMID- 7378927 TI - Effects of hexamethonium and methyl-p-tyrosine on normal rats subjected to convulsions induced by oxygen at high pressure. PMID- 7378928 TI - Calcium antagonistic drugs. Mechanism of action. AB - Calcium antagonists represent a new class of drugs, which were suggested to act by a selective inhibition of Ca2+ influx through cell membranes. We studied the mechanism of action of three calcium antagonists, diltiazem, nifedipine, and verapamil, by investigating the effect on 45Ca uptake and efflux in rat heart and aorta and in rabbit vessels. The uptake of La3+-resistant 45Ca was not decreased by nifedipine or verapamil either in the heart or in the vessels and was increased by diltiazem in rabbit vessels. The efflux of 45Ca from the mesenteric vein of rabbit, originating presumably from intracellular and membrane-boudn fractions, was enhanced by nifedipine. These effects were observed with drug concentrations inhibiting contractions in isolated atria and the spontaneous and norepinephrine-, potassium-, or barium-induced contractions in the portal vein of rats. Thus, our results suggest that calcium antagonistic drugs act by other mechanisms than the inhibition of transmembranous Ca flux, probably on the release and binding of Ca2+ in intracellular pools. The relatively greater inhibition of norepinephrine- than K+-induced contractions in vessels by the calcium antagonistic drugs and the abolition of the inotropic effect of norepinephrine in rat atrium exposed to 0-Ca Krebs solution for a short period are other effects suggesting an intracellular action for these drugs. PMID- 7378929 TI - Investigations into the mechanism of morphine and ethanol inhibition in the guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle strip. AB - It has been noted that the analgesic property of ethanol bears a marked resemblance to that of morphine. The purpose of this study was to determine if the mechanism of action of morphine and ethanol was similar using the guinea pig ileal longitudinal muscle strip (GPI-LMS). Ethanol (35-260 mM) depressed the twitch response and the acetylcholine- (ACh-), KCl-, and BaCl2-induced contractions to the same extent while having no significant effect on the binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) to muscarinic receptors. Morphine (53 530 nM) inhibited the twitch response and to a lesser extent BaCl2- and KCl induced contractions while having no significant effect on either ACh-induced contractions or the binding of [3H]QNB to muscarinic receptors. Naloxone and increased [Ca2+] reversed the inhibitory effects of morphine but not ethanol. Ethanol appears to inhibit a site after interaction of ACh with the receptor. Mechanism of inhibition of BaCl2 response is also different as naloxone and increased [Ca2+] reverse morphine but not ethanol inhibition Ethanol inhibition in GPI-LMS does not involve the opiate receptor. PMID- 7378930 TI - Enhanced vascular reactivity to various vasoconstrictor agents following pinealectomy in the rat: role of melatonin. AB - The mesenteric vascular bed preparation of control and pinealectomized (PX) male Wistar rats was used to examine vascular reactivity to two concentrations each of norepinephrine, serotonin, angiotensin, and potassium. Vasoconstrictor responses to 50- and 100-ng injections of norepinephrine and 0.5- and 1.0-microgram injections of serotonin were 30-40% higher in preparations from PX rats. Reponses to 100 ng but not to 50 ng of angiotensin were also significantly higher in preparations from PX rats. Responses to 1.5- and to 3.0-mg injections of potassium did not differ significantly in either case. In vivo injection of 20 microgram of melatonin 3 h prior to dissection of the preparation, or in vivo perfusion of 20 ng melatonin per millilitre of buffer completely reversed the increased vascular response to all vasoconstrictor agents tested in the PX preparations, but had little effect in control preparations. Also observed in PX rats was a significant increase in blood pressure, serum sodium, and increased body and heart weight. Arterial wall sodium was also elevated in PX rats. These changes may be relevant to the increased vascular reactivity of PX rats. The increased vascular responsiveness of PX rats may be specific for agents that stimulate calcium release from intracellular stores (norepinephrine, angiotensin) rather than those that stimulate calcium influx from extracellular fluid (potassium). Melatonin lack may be the cause of the vascular changes in the PX rats as both in vivo and in vitro it lowered the vasoconstrictor effects of the agents tested, but only in PX rats; it had no significant effect in the control rats. PMID- 7378931 TI - Influence of thromboxane inhibition on the severity of myocardial ischemia in cats. AB - The effects of thromboxane (Tx) inhibition or arachidonic acid (AA) infusion were studied in anesthetized cats during acute myocardial ischemia (MI). AA (7.2 mg kg 1 h-1) or imidazole (25 mg kg-1 h-1) infusions were initiated 30 min after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Assessment of the degree of protection of the ischemic myocardium was made by measurement of S-T segment elevation, plasma and myocardial creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activities, and myocardial amino-nitrogen content. Assessment of Tx inhibition was performed by radioimmunoassay. Administration of imidazole inhibited the sevenfold increase in plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2) levels occurring in MI (p less than 0.001 at 2-5 h), markedly decreased S-T segment elevations at 2-k h (p less than 0.025), significantly prevented the elevation in plasma CPK (p less than 0.05, at 4 and 5 h), the increase in TxB2 post-MI, significantly decreased (p less than 0.025) S T segment evaluations at 2-5 h, caused a decrease in plasmaCPK levels (p less than 0.05 at 5 h), but did not prevent loss of myocardial CPK or amino-nitrogen. In summary, the administration of imidazole resulted in significant protection of the myocardium in all indices of ischemic damage measured, while AA infusion resulted in only a partial protection. The mechanism of the imidazole protection of ischemic myocardial tissue appears to be via inhibition of Tx synthesis althoug we cannot exclude a hemodynamic or cytoprotective mechanism. These results suggest that specific inhibition of Tx formation is beneficial during acute MI. PMID- 7378932 TI - Responses of rabbit renal artery to histamine: receptor type and temperature dependence. AB - The effects of histamine on spiral strips of rabbit renal artery have been recorded. Histamine causes dose-dependent contractions of this preparation which are not antagonized by the H2 receptor blocking agent metiamide, but which are blocked by the H1 antagonist diphenhydramine. The pA(2) for the latter agent is similar to that observed at 37 degrees C in intestinal smooth muscle. No evidence of a relaxant population of H2 receptors was encountered. Unlike that of intestinal smooth muscle, the response of strips of renal artery becomes progressively diminished at temperatures below about 20 degrees C, and the effect of reduced temperature on receptor subtype is thus more difficult to assess. It appears, however, that there is no change in type from the H1 receptor observed at 37 degrees C and thus the temperature-dependent transformation which has been reported previously does not occur in all H1 systems. PMID- 7378935 TI - Effect of cold water immersion and its combination with alcohol intoxication on urine flow rate of man. AB - Urine flow rate was determined for man before and after immersion in either thermoneutral (33 degrees C) or cold (10 degrees C) water. The effect of alcohol intoxication of a level of approximately 80 mg dL-1 was also evaluated for the cold water immersion. Immersion and cold were additive in their effect, resulting in a mean urine flow rate of 4.25 mL min-1, approximately 3.5 times the preimmersion level. Alcohol intoxication in conjunction with cold water immersion caused a further large increase in urine flow to 8.03 mL min-1. These results permit better evaluation of the importance of volume diuresis as it relates to the reduction of insulative performance of dry-type immersion suits for cold water survival, and to the possible enhancement of "rewarming shock" during therapy for hypothermia victims. The increased urine production observed when alcohol treatment was added to cold immersion provides information for speculation on mechanisms of volume diuresis. PMID- 7378934 TI - Convulsive and hypothermic effects of vasopressin in the brain of the rat. AB - Arginine vasopressin (AVP) was administered into the lateral cerebral ventricles of rats to assess its effects when given directly into the brain. AVP (1.0 microgram) caused an immediate sharp decrease in body temperature. Behaviorally, AVP caused short pauses of immobility and staring upon the first injection but the same dose caused myoclonic-myotonic convulsions upon the second injection 2 days later. Thereafter, as little as 10 ng of AVP caused seizures. PMID- 7378933 TI - The innervation of smooth muscle in the primary bronchus of the chicken. AB - The innervation of the primary bronchus of the chicken was studied with in vitro pharmacological techniques and with the electron microscope. The primary response of the smooth muscle to field stimulation is relaxation of the muscle and this is not blocked by adrenergic blocking agents. Excitatory cholinergic innervation can be demonstrated when the muscle is partially relaxed. Examination of the ultrastructure of the muscle and nerves shows numerous axon profiles filled with large granular vesicles of the type associated with nonadrenergic or purinergic neurotransmission. Agranular vesicles characteristic of cholinergic innervation are also seen but there is no evidence of adrenergic innervation to the smooth muscle. The smooth muscle cells show connections of the nexus type. These findings indicate that the primary bronchus of the chicken has a dominant inhibitory system and this is nonadrenergic in type. PMID- 7378937 TI - Superoxide dismutase from nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter chroococcum: purification, characterization, and intracellular location. AB - Superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) from nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter chroococcum was purified and identified as being similar to the manganese SOD of other procaryotes. The enzyme was relatively thermostable and insensitive to cyanide. A molecular weight of approximately 33 000 was estimated. Superoxide dismutase was found to be cytoplasmic (not bound to cell membranes) in A. chroococcum, but some enzyme was released by sonication of membrane vesicles. PMID- 7378936 TI - Effects of different opiate agonists on melanocyte-stimulating hormone release: in vivo and in vitro studies. AB - The effects of Leu-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin, and beta-endorphin on melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) secretion were studied in vivo and in vitro. The three opioid peptides release MSH. In vitro this reslease is dose dependent for Met enkephalin between 10 and 1000 ng/mL and for Leu-enkephalin between 10 and 100 ng/mL. beta-Endorphin releases MSH at the low concentration of 1 ng/mL and the effect is dose dependent between 1 and 100 ng/mL. Naloxone reverses this effect. In vivo the three petptides release MSH. PMID- 7378938 TI - Production of indole-3-propanoic acid and 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid by Clostridium sporogenes: a convenient thin-layer chromatography detection system. AB - Indole-3-propanoic acid (IPA), 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (HPPA), and 3 phenylpropanoic acid (PPA) were present in the spent bacterial media of Clostridium sporogenes (20/20 strains) and C. cylindrosporum (1/1 strains), but absent in 32 other clostridial species (74 strains) tested. Both IPA and HPPA (but not PPA) could be readily detected by thin-layer chromatography and p hydroxybenzaldehyde spray reagent. IPA forms a scarlet complex with p hydroxybenzaldehyde which shifts to purple and remains stable for up to 6 weeks. IPA can be detected in acidified extracts of C. sporogenes by a simple spot test. The structures of IPA and HPPA were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) and mass spectroscopy and their formation was detected by the absorbance at 280 nm. Addition of one of the precursor amino acids (L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, or L phenylalanine) to the medium greatly enhanced formation of the corresponding deaminated acid and depressed the formation of the other two acids. The products IPA, HPPA, and PPA, at 10(-3) M, and spent bacterial media were negative in the direct Ames's assay for mutagenicity and noncytotoxic towards MRC-S cells. PMID- 7378939 TI - Uptake of D-glucose and L-proline by oligotrophic and heterotrophic marine bacteria. AB - The transport systems of the oligotrophic bacterium 486 for D-glucose and L proline have been compared with those of the heterotrophic bacterium RP-303. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the rates of D-glucose and L-proline uptake by the two organisms were saturable processes. The apparent Km values of strain 486 for D-glucose and L-proline were 13.0 microM and 0.2 microM, respectively, whereas those of strain RP-303 were 3.2 microM for D-glucose and 1.8 microM for L proline. Competition studies indicated that the D-glucose transport system of each bacterium was highly specific for D-glucose. The L-proline transport system of the oligotrophic bacterium 486 had a broad specificity, whereas that of the heterotrophic bacterium RP-303 had a narrow one. PMID- 7378940 TI - [Presence of Pseudomonas maltophilia in the rhizosphere of several cultivated plants]. AB - Pseudomonas maltophilia has been identified in the rhizosphere of several cultured plants: cabbage, rape, mustard, corn, beet. In comparison with nonrhizospheric soil, all the rhizospheric samples analysed contain more of this Pseudomonas and the most important stimulation is supplied by cruciferous plants. The possible relation with greater amounts of sulphur-containing amino acids in root secretion is suggested. PMID- 7378941 TI - [Effect of light intensity on the content of bacteriochlorophyll and on the growth of phototrophic marine sulfur bacteria]. AB - Eight strains of Chromatiaceae isolated from marine sediments are cultivated under light intensities of 50-5000 lx. A decreased in the light intensity brings about an increase in the specific bacteriochlorophyll content and also in the length of development. In certain strains, the increase in pigment contents partly compensates for the loss in light intensity, up to the maximum concentration of bacteriochlorophyll. This mechanism is only a physiological compatibility which ensures the survival of these organisms under feeble light intensities. PMID- 7378942 TI - Degradation of parathion in culture by microorganisms found in cranberry bogs. AB - Oxygen concentration and different carbon sources drastically altered parathion degradation in culture media inoculated with microorganisms from Wisconsin cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) growing soils. These microorganisms also grew in basal salts media utilizing parathion as the sole carbon source. 14CO2 was produced only from [phenyl-14C]parathion, whereas [ethyl-14C]parathion derived radiocarbon remained in the stale media of the soil-free cultures. Addition of 0.05% glucose to basal salts medium inhibited [phenyl-14C]parathion degradation, whereas the addition of 0.05% yeast extract to basal salts medium also inhibited microbiological degradation of the insecticide to 14CO2, but to a lesser extent. Aminoparathion and aminoparaoxon were formed only in basal salts medium with 0.05% yeast extract. Aerobic cultures produced more 14CO2 and less aminoparathion from [phenyl-14C]parathion than did anaerobic cultures. Aminoparathion was more abundant in cultures with inocula obtained from the 18- to 23-cm soil layer than with culture inocula obtained from the 0- to 5-cm soil layer under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. PMID- 7378943 TI - Arginine synthesis and nitrogen excretion in the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum. AB - The nitrogen excretory metabolism of the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum was studied. When cultured in partially defined broth medium or on agar, the principal excretory product was ammonia nitrogen. A small, variable quantity of urea was excreted in liquid culture. No uric acid or other purines were detected in the cultures. When microplasmodia were incubated with sodium [14C]bicarbonate, radioisotope was incorporated into citrulline, arginine, and urea. Incubation with L-[carbamoyl-14C]citrulline yielded labelled arginine, urea, and CO2. Substantial urease activity was found in extracts of the microplasmodia. These results, in conjunction with the lack of an absolute nutritional requirement for arginine, provide evidence that Physarum has a functional arginine biosynthetic pathway, an arginase, and a urease. PMID- 7378945 TI - The effect of NaCl on the upper temperature limit for growth of and enterotoxin synthesis by Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The upper temperature limit for growth of an enterotoxin A producing strain (MF31) and of an enterotoxin B producing strain (S6) was about 44-45 degrees C in either a peptone-based medium or heart infusion broth. In the presence of NaCl, growth and production of enterotoxin, coagulase, and thermostable nuclease occurred up to 2 degrees C higher. The optimal concentration of NaCl for the temperature elevation effect was 1 M. PMID- 7378944 TI - Experimental pathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus for the schistosome-bearing snail Biomphalaria glabrata. AB - The bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus was found to be pathogenic for the schistosome intermediate host Biomphalaria glabrata (Say). When administered topically, a nonenteritis-associated strain of the bacterium had an LD50 (median lethal dose) of 6.8 x 10(7) cells per snail. A 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) extract from V. parahaemolyticus was found to kill B. glabrata. Sublethal effects of V. parahaemolyticus include shell deterioration and increased heart rate. Both albino aquarium populations and naturally occurring Puerto Rican wild populations of B. glabrata are susceptible to V. parahaemolyticus. This bacterium provides a useful model for the study of pathogens and biological control of schistosome vector snails, since it causes significant mortality and is recognized as a pathogen of other invertebrates. PMID- 7378946 TI - Mechanism of the temperature protective effect of salts on Staphylococcus aureus. AB - In the previous paper we reported that the maximum temperature for growth of Staphylococcus aureus was about 2 degrees C higher in media supplemented with NaCl. We now show that MgCl2 was the most effective protectant at 0.4 M. NaCl and KCl were as effective as MgCl2 when tested at 1 M. NH4Cl was less effective at all concentrations and LiCl was not protective. Sucrose and glucose (1M) gave about half the biomass of 1M NaCl. Glycerol, Na2SO4, NaNO2, NaNO3, and CH3COONA were not protective. Protection is probably due to the nonpenetrating solute (sucrose) or the nonpenetrating Cl- anion. Mg2+ had an effect additional to that attributable to Cl- because MgSO4 and to a slight extent (CH3COO)2Mg were protective. The morphology of the cells grown at 45 degrees C in 1 M NaCl was abnormal: septation became irregular, cell walls were thickened, and the cells occurred in irregularly sized clumps surrounded by capsular material. PMID- 7378948 TI - Detection of endotoxin in ear specimens from patients with chronic otitis media by means of the limulus amebocyte lysate test. AB - The limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test is the most sensitive procedure for the detection of endotoxic lipopolysaccharides. The test was applied to middle ear fluids, cholesteatomas, and granulation tissue specimens from 31 patients in parallel with bacteriologic examination. The LAL test and bacteriologic examination yielded concordant results with 26 out of 28 specimens. A positive LAL test was obtained with 11 specimens containing endotoxin-producing organisms. The test became positive within 60 min of incubation in 10 out of 11 specimens and in 1 specimen between 1 and 24 h, suggesting that, in the majority of specimens, endotoxin was present in the specimen itself and that the result was not due to the in vitro multiplication of the microorganisms. All negative tests remained negative for 24 h. It is conceivable that endotoxin present in ear fluids may contribute to the pathologic changes in chronic otitis media. PMID- 7378949 TI - The atypical cell wall composition of Thermomicrobium roseum. AB - The cell wall of Thermomicrobium roseum, a Gram-negative, obligately thermophilic bacterium, has a composition unlike other Gram-negative thermophilic organisms. The purified cell wall was composed predominantly of a protein with a monomeric molecular weight of 75 000. The amino acid composition of this protein revealed high concentrations of proline, glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine. PMID- 7378947 TI - Sensitivity of Rhizobium to selected isoflavonoids. AB - Eleven isoflavonoids were tested in both soft agar and liquid media for inhibitory activity against eight Rhizobium strains. Results of the two bioassays showed that pisatin, coumestriol, biochanin A, formononetin, genistein, rotenon, and vestitol lacked significant inhibitory activity. Phaseolin and maackiain were moderately inhibitory (ED50 (mean effective dose) = 30-100 microgram/mL), and medicarpin and kievitone were strongly inhibitory (ED50 = 10-60 microgram/mL) towards slow-growing R. japonicum and R. lupini and also towards two fast-growing Lotus rhizobia. In contrast, R. trifolii, R. leguminosarum, and R. phaseoli were not affected by these compounds ED50 greater than 100 microgram/mL), and R. meliloti was inhibited only by kievitone (ED50 = 30-60 microgram/mL). At a concentration of 100 microgram/mL, medicarpin and kievitone were found to be bactericidal to R. japonicum, R. lupini, and the fast-growing Lotus rhizobia. PMID- 7378951 TI - Current concepts of internal fixation of fractures. PMID- 7378950 TI - Dynamics of Rhizobium competition for nodulation of Pisum sativum cv. Afghanistan. AB - Nodulation of Pisum sativum cv. Afghanistan by Rhizobium leguminosarum strain Tom can be blocked by the nonnodulating R. leguminosarum strain PF2. This system was used to study the dynamics of rhizobial binding to seedling root surfaces. Appreciable numbers of 35S-labeled rhizobia bound to the root surface within 2h after inoculation. PF2 colonized the root surfaces earlier and in greater numbers that did Tom. Radioactive extracellular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides from either organism failed to bind to the seedling roots in measurable quantities. PMID- 7378952 TI - The continent ileostomy. PMID- 7378954 TI - Principles of less rigid internal fixation with plates. AB - The paradox of internal fixation for treating fractures is that fixation is required to achieve union, while flexibility is necessary to restore normal mechanical properties of bone after union. Three series of experiments were performed to investigate the role of plate rigidity on fracture repair and changes in bone mass. Using plates with tenfold differences in axial and bending rigidities, the authors were able to show some advantages in fracture healing and bone remodelling with less rigid plates. PMID- 7378956 TI - Structural and biomechanical changes in bone after rigid plate fixation. PMID- 7378955 TI - Management of complex open tibial fractures with external skeletal fixation and early myoplasty or myocutaneous coverage. AB - The management of severe open fractures is difficult. The high energy forces cause considerable comminution, displacement and extensive soft tissue damage with associated skin loss, all of which complicate treatment. The authors review the role of the soft tissues in the healing process of complex, open fractures with special emphasis on the concept of the "open fracture wound". A surgey of the published results of the treatment of severe open tibial fractures provides the background for an approach to the management of these severe fractures by stable external fixation with early myoplasty or myocutaneous coverage; this is a departure from traditional orthopedic methods of treatment. The authors present their prospective treatment protocol and review the results in the first eight patients managed by this method. PMID- 7378953 TI - Principles of stable internal fixation. AB - The results of internal fixation can be adversely affected by implant failure before union takes place. The survival of an internal fixation device depends upon load transfer from fragment to fragment. Techniques that do not provide such a load sharing between implant and bone will lead to failure of the implant. For example, absence of contact between cortices opposite the plate will increase the forces acting on the device which will either pull out, shear or break. This review focuses on the methods of applying implant to bone to achieve stable fixation and thus restore early function without sacrificing reduction and union. PMID- 7378957 TI - Continent reservoir ileostomy: 1. Early experience and evolution of the surgical technique. AB - A continent Kock ileostomy was constructed in 17 patients with histologically proven ulcerative colitis; in 11 a conventional ileostomy was converted to a Kock ileostomy and in 4 the Kock ileostomy was carried out in conjunction with proctocolectomy. There were no operative deaths. All patients are completely continent with regard to flatus and stool. No patient requires an external appliance and all agree that the quality of their lives has greatly improved. However, 10 patients (59%) required at least one additional surgical procedure for early or late complications, the most frequent of which were intestinal obstruction and valve slipping. In an attempt to reduce morbidity, several technical modifications were made. The preliminary results of the modified techniques used in 17 patients are described. The benefits of the continent ileostomy are substantial despite the high initial morbidity. The authors recommend the use of the continent ileostomy in selected patients. PMID- 7378958 TI - Continent reservoir ileostomy: 2. Current surgical technique. PMID- 7378959 TI - Oropharyngeal sepsis with endothoracic spread. AB - Two patients who had oropharyngeal infection with extension into the thoracic cavity through the fascial planes were recently seen at the Health Sciences Centre in Winnipeg. In both instances the infection was odontogenic. A 5-year review of the literature yielded 14 other cases with a similar presentation. In most cases the infection was odontogenic. The overall mortality was 25% (four deaths in 16 patients). Transient deficiency of the swallowing mechanism led to aspiration pneumonia in 44% of the patients. An aggressive surgical approach and appropriate antibiotic therapy are essential in managing these patients. Oral intake should be restricted and nasogastric tube feedings should be considered to diminish the risk of aspiration pneumonia. PMID- 7378961 TI - Traumatic aneurysm of the popliteal artery due to an osteochondroma of the femur. AB - The authors report the case of a 51-year-old man who had a false aneurysm of the popliteal artery caused by erosion by an adjacent osteochrondroma of the femur. The osteochondroma was removed and the artery repaired by end-to-end anastomosis. Seventeen similar cases, which have been recorded in the past 15 years, are reviewed. These reports emphasize the importance of surgical repair to avoid permanent ischemic damage to the leg and foot. PMID- 7378960 TI - Fibroepithelial tumour of the renal pelvis. AB - From a statistical viewpoint, almost all renal pelvic tumours may be considered to be transitional cell carcinomas. Only six benign pelvic tumours have been reported in the English literature. The author describes one such case. A 40-year old woman with recurrent cystitis was found on intravenous pyelography to have a mass in the right renal pelvis. Acting on the assumption that the mass was probably a transitional cell carcinoma, the author performed a nephroureterectomy. The fleshy intrapelvic mass turned out to be an extremely rare benign fibroepithelial tumour. PMID- 7378962 TI - Clinical audit of surgery in a large teaching hospital. AB - Practical peer review by means of a clinical audit requires complete documentation, critical assessment and open discussion of difficulties or errors in patient management. The quality of care in a large surgical department was monitored using weekly on-the-ward capture of complications and immediate feedback to involved surgeons. Retrospective peer review of surgical deaths judged the process of patient care in three categories--treatment, investigation and documentation; feedback was also provided. Seven of the 10 surgical services each collected morbidity data for at least 40 weeks in 1976 and 44 weeks in 1977. In 1978, 8 of the 10 services collected data for 50 weeks or more. The number of patients reviewed was 3520 in 1978. Of these, 822 (23%) had complications in 1976, 703 (16%) in 1977 and 918 (17%) in 1978. In 1976, 260 patients died; the quality of care was considered to have been adequate in 67%. In 1977, 278 patients died; in 76% the management was considered adequate. In 1978, 231 patients died; in 68% management was satisfactory. This clinical audit system is suitable for computer programming and can provide a complete and accurate report of the entire spectrum of complications. PMID- 7378964 TI - Lung abscess: surgical implications. AB - The management of lung abscess continues to challenge both physicians and surgeons. The experience at the Toronto General Hospital over a 50-year period (1928 to 1975) has been analysed to define the challenge and to clarify current recommendations for treatment. The 413 patients studied were divided into three sequential chronologic groups that illustrate the initial impact of antibiotic therapy and later appreciation of the pathogenetic importance of aspiration and anaerobic infection. Although cure rates increased dramatically (from 30 to 61%) between 1936 and 1954 with the advent of antibiotics and the decrease in mortality was equally striking (from 47% to 21%), the recent statistics are not as encouraging. In the current period (1962 to 1975), the cure rate with medical treatment has risen from 61% to 73%, and with surgical therapy from 81% to 89%. Unfortunately, the overall mortality has increased from 12% to 25%. The mortality with medical treatment has increased from 10% to 27% but, in contrast, the surgical mortality continues to decrease (14% to 11%). The increased mortality with medical treatment is important. Prolonged antibiotic therapy is frequently necessary, but when resolution is not progressing or when complications ensue, operation must not be delayed. PMID- 7378963 TI - Abdominal pain due to Enterobius vermicularis. AB - The authors describe an unusual case of an 11-year-old girl who had right lower quadrant pain due to unilateral salpingitis, suppurative omentitis and periappendicitis. The etiologic agent was the parasite Enterobius vermicularis. A review of the literature revealed that pinworm may be the cause not only of appendicitis, but of inflammatory reactions in other intra-abdominal sites and that the frequency of this occurrence is probably higher than has previously been suspected. PMID- 7378967 TI - Health topic: violence and the family. PMID- 7378965 TI - Diagnosis of right-sided diaphragmatic rupture by liver-lung scanning. AB - Rupture of the right hemidiaphragm is uncommon and may be difficult to diagnose because the herniated liver may be mistaken for an elevated intact diaphragm on roentgenograms. Liver-lung scanning has been found useful in the diagnosis of this condition in the latent phase following rupture and this is illustrated by the authors in their report of a 48-year-old man who had a right-sided diaphragmatic injury. The patient was treated successfully by surgical repair of the diaphragmatic tear. PMID- 7378966 TI - Hypertension III. The hypertension work-up. PMID- 7378968 TI - A regional analysis of anthropometric measurements in a Canadian employee population study. PMID- 7378969 TI - [The role of vaccination in the decline of infectious diseases: viewpoint of the epidemiologist]. PMID- 7378972 TI - Results of the first Canadian psychiatric knowledge self-assessment for residents. AB - Two 150 multiple choice question examinations in Psychiatry were taken on a voluntary basis by 150 Canadian residents. The goals of these examinations were to promote skills and interest in self-education, provide detailed feedback to the participants, and to study various parameters which might be related to performance. The residents' self-assessments prior to the examinations, their year of residency training and age were significant predictors of performance. Being male and having enough time to study were also related to high scores. The methods of instruction as well as the studying variables were not related significantly to performance. These findings highlight the importance of self assessments in the process of evaluation and of listening to residents' self evaluations and requests for time to study. Increasing the number of self assessment exercises and clarifying the knowledge requirements for the certification examination are recommended. PMID- 7378971 TI - Body fat estimation in field surveys. PMID- 7378970 TI - An epidemiological study of Salmonellae in broiler chicken production. PMID- 7378973 TI - Seldom discussed issues in psychotherapy. PMID- 7378974 TI - Emotional stresses on the psychotherapist. AB - The practice of psychotherapy is a stressful occupation, both emotionally and physically. Becoming a better psychotherapist probably results in increasing the stress rather than decreasing it. If we do not recognize this we will respond in ways that are damaging either to our patients or to ourselves. Rather than attempting to be emotional supermen or superwomen, therapists need to be aware of their own needs and limitations and plan both their private and work lives accordingly. PMID- 7378975 TI - Patient contacts outside therapy. PMID- 7378976 TI - A countertransference problem: the sexualizing patient. PMID- 7378978 TI - Psychiatric manifestations of sarcoidosis. AB - The case of an acutely depressed 34 year old man with a history of systemic sarcoidosis is presented with the question of the psychiatric manifestations of sarcoidosis in mind. The literature on Central Nervous System Sarcoidosis is reviewed and the possibility that this condition may present with psychiatric symptomatology is raised. An emphasis is placed on maintaining a high index of suspicion regarding organic factors in cases such as this, particularly in the setting of a complex, multi-system disease such as sarcoidosis. PMID- 7378977 TI - Relationships between premorbid personalities and unipolar depressions. AB - One hundred and fifty consecutive patients with unipolar psychotic ("endogenous") depression were investigated to illuminate any relationships existing between premorbid personality traits and the development of depressive illness. In some cases personality and psychological stress appeared to combine to produce depression, while in others physical stresses appeared to be the principal etiological agents, and to operate in the absence of personality and psychological factors. The contribution of these different factors to causation are discussed and explored. PMID- 7378979 TI - Cognitive therapies: an early appraisal. PMID- 7378982 TI - Training in behaviour therapy. PMID- 7378981 TI - Psychosocial adjustment of the deaf. PMID- 7378980 TI - Psychopharmacology and research education in Canadian psychiatry. PMID- 7378983 TI - Assessing competence to consent to treatment. PMID- 7378984 TI - The General Motors Cancer Research Foundation prizes for research in cancer. PMID- 7378988 TI - A phase II study of peptichemio in advanced breast cancer. AB - A phase II trial of Peptichemio (PTC) was conducted on 56 patients with advanced breast cancer that had been resistant to treatment with cyclophosphamide. The overall response rate was 32%, with one complete remission, seven partial remissions, and ten instances of improved disease status. Soft tissue and bone lesions were the primary sites of response. The median duration of response was 11 weeks, with a range of 6--30 weeks. Major toxicities were myelosuppression, affecting predominantly the platelets, and sclerosing phlebitis. Myelosuppression was cumulative and thrombocytopenic bleeding was a likely contributing factor in the death of 2 patients. This trial showed that PTC is another alkylating agent with definite activity in the treatment of breast cancer. More importantly, it showed that cross-resistance with cyclophosphamide does not exist, at least in breast carcinoma. PMID- 7378987 TI - Successful treatment of lymphohistiocytic reticulosis with phagocytosis with epipodophyllotoxin VP 16-213. AB - Lymphohistiocytic reticulosis with phagocytosis is a rare, familial disorder affecting infants and children. It is characterized by fever, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and a rapidly fatal course. Prior attempts to treat this disease have been unsuccessful. We describe two patients with lymphohistiocytic reticulosis with phagocytosis and hyperlipidemia. A sibling of one patient had died of the same disease. One patient also had abnormal lymphocyte response to mitogens. Both patients who were treated with epipodophyllotoxin VP 16-213 (VP 16) had remission of their disease and resolution of hyperlipidemia. VP-16 appears to be an effective agent for treating lymphohistiocytic reticulosis with phagocytosis. PMID- 7378985 TI - The epidemiology of cancer. AB - The epidemiology of cancer has a long history. It led to the discovery of several causes of cancer before techniques for the production of the disease in laboratory animals became available. In recent years, epidemiological studies have contributed to knowledge of cancer in five ways: by demonstrating geographical and temporal variations in incidence, by correlating incidence in different communities with the prevalence of social habits and environmental agents, by comparing the experience of individuals with and without cancer, by intervening to remove suspected agents and observing the results, and by making quantitative observations that test the applicability to man of models of the mechanism by which the disease is produced. Joint investigation of dietetic factors by epidemiologists and laboratory workers offers the brightest prospect of discovering new ways of preventing cancer in the near future. Advances in knowledge will eventually prevent the need for learning about cancer by seeing its production in man, but epidemiological enquiry will be needed for many years to monitor preventive programs and to provide quantitative measures of risk from hazards that cannot be avoided completely. PMID- 7378986 TI - Chemoimmunotherapy of disseminated malignant melanoma with DTIC-BCG, transfer factor + melphalan. AB - The experimental synergism of melphalan with DTIC and the ability of transfer factor to improve immunocompetence were the basis of an attempt to improve therapeutic results in disseminated malignant melanoma. Sixty-four evaluable patients with disseminated malignant melanoma were treated in a 21-day cycle as follows: DTIC 250 mg/M2 intravenously days 1 to 5, Connaught BCG 6 X 10(8) organisms on days 7, 12, and 17 by scarification, and transfer factor 1 unit (10(9) lymphocytes equivalent, from immunocompetent relatives of patients) subcutaneously on day 12, with or without L-PAM 30 mg/M2 on day 1. Twenty-nine patients received L-PAM and 35 did not. Remission rates of 17% and 23%, respectively, occurred in these groups. An additional 15 patients received DTIC BCG and three doses of transfer factor on days 7, 12, and 17 and had a remission rate of 20%. Remission duration and survival were compared to historical controls of 111 patients treated with DTIC and 89 treated with DTIC-BCG. Median survival on DTIC-BCG-Transfer Factor was seven months compared to four months for DTIC (P = .003) but did not differ from DTIC-BCG. Addition of L-PAM did not improve remission duration or survival compared to DTIC-BCG but enhanced myelosuppression and immunosuppression. A 60% increase in delayed type hypersensitivity to recall antigens occurred in this study compared to 34% with DTIC-BCG (P = .005). Prognosis and immunocompetence were not directly related. In summary, in this study, (1) transfer factor therapy did not enhance the clinical effects of DTIC BCG, although it augmented delayed type hypersensitivity to recall antigens; and (2) L-PAM was not additive to DTIC in the treatment of disseminated malignant melanoma and may have abrogated the effect of immunotherapy. PMID- 7378990 TI - Association between mammographic parenchymal pattern classification and incidence of breast cancer. AB - Wolfe has suggested that the mammographic parenchymal patterns can be used to identify a group with high incidence of breast cancer. To evaluate this claim, mammograms of women with breast cancer that was detected at the University of Michigan Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project have been classified and compared with a randomly selected control group from the same project. The basic mammographic classifications as defined by Wolfe were used with further refinements made in the DY and QDY groups. The mammographic classifications have been grouped according to the degree of density and age. For all ages combined, our dense classifications (DY1, DY2, DYC-, QDY2) show a higher incident rate, 22/1000,than the lucent classification (N1, P1, and QDY1),9/1000,(P less than .01), although not to the degree suggested by Wolfe. This difference is statistically significant (P less than .01); the higher risk is markedly increased for women under 50 years of age (P less than .005). After age 50 the higher risk associated with the dense breast seems to disappear (P less than .13). However, this might be a consequence of women who were in a dense classification at an earlier age who subsequently changed to a lucent classification later in life. Because the percentage of lucent breasts increases with age there is a higher absolute number of cancers (55%) in this group of women past 50; these women cannot be neglected in screening. Our results suggest the following guidelines for clinical evaluation: (1) Careful mammographic and clinical follow-up for any woman with a dense breast at any age. (2) Careful mammographic and clinical follow-up past 50 regardless of breast classification. (3) Women with lucent breasts under age 50 represent a low risk category and may not require as frequent a follow-up as the other mammographic types. PMID- 7378989 TI - Treatment of women with disseminated or recurrent advanced ovarian cancer with melphalan alone in combination with 5-fluorouracil and dactinomycin or with the combination of cytoxan, 5-fluorouracil and dactinomycin. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of single and multiple drug chemotherapeutic regimens in the treatment of patients with advanced or recurrent, Stage III and IV, ovarian epithelial carcinoma. Patients were randomly assigned to one of four treatment regimens postoperatively, or at the time of recurrence: Regimen I--Melphalan (MEL) 0.2 mg/kg/day for five days every four weeks; regimen II--MEL as in Regimen I plus 5-fluorouracil (FU) 15 mg/kg/day for five days every four weeks; regimen III--MEL and FU as in regimen II plus dactinomycin (AC) 0.5 mg daily for five days every four weeks; and regimen IV- Cytoxan (CY) 7 mg/kg/day, FU 8 mg/kg/day and AC 0.5 mg/day for five days every four weeks. Four hundred and twenty-seven patients were in the study, 314 of whom are evaluable for progression-free interval (PFI), survival, and toxicity: 102 in regimen I, 80 in regimen II, 83 in regimen III, and 49 in regimen IV. Of these, 293 were considered evaluable for response. Because of excessive toxicity, entry of patients to regimen IV was discontinued midway through the study. The overall toxicity was quite high but was most severe in regimen II and IV where 16 toxicity deaths were recorded. The complete and partial response rate with Melphalan alone was 29.2%. This response rate was not enhanced by the addition of FU or FU and AC and not substantially different than the response rate of AC, FU, and CY. PMID- 7378991 TI - The phenomenon of spontaneous regression of numerous flat warts: immunohistological studies. AB - The phenomenon of systemic regression of numberous flat warts takes place within one month after the sudden onset of spontaneous inflammation in them. In other types of warts, we have never observed such a dramatic regression. We performed a histological study in a total of 51 cases showing this spontaneous inflammation in their flat warts and found a massive mononuclear cell infiltration in all. In 9 cases, a histological study for basophils was carried out but failed to show them among the infiltrating cells despite the strong histological resemblance to contact allergy. An immunofluorescence technique performed in 16 cases demonstrated no specific deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in such inflamed wart tissues except for those which appear to be only a secondary event to inflammation per se. These immunopathological findings further substantiate the concept that cell-mediated mechanisms rather than humoral immunity play a major role in this phenomenon of sudden regression of numerous flat warts. PMID- 7378992 TI - Ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by neoplasms: the value of measurements of immunoreactive hCG in the urine as a screening procedure. AB - Immunoreactive human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) was measured in serum and urine extracts from patients with malignant disease using a radioimmunoassay that detects efficiently hCG and its betasubunit. Of the 70 patients examined, 12 (17.1%) were positive for hCG in serum and 31 44.3%) in urine. Eleven patients who were positive in serum were also positive in urine; 20 patients (28.6%) were positive only in urine. Sephadex G-100 chromatography of urine from two serum negative and urine-positive patients showed that the hCG immunoreactive material in the urine of these patients was mostly a molecular species smaller than hCG and hCG-beta. The nature of this molecule(s) is unknown and is called here metabolite(s) "X" of hCG-beta. The urine of 2 patients who where positive for hCG in both serum and urine contained considerable amount of metabolite(s) "X" as well as the native hCG-beta subunit, which was present also in the serum of these 2 patients. The metabolite(s) "X" was also shown by chromatography in the urine of a pregnant woman. It is concluded that the ectopic production of hCG is found more than twice as frequently in urine as compared to when serum alone is examined. The urine of serum-negative tumor patients can be positive for hCG because of the presence in it of the metabolite(s) "X" of hCG-beta or hCG which presumably circulates in the blood of these patients at non-detectable levels. PMID- 7378993 TI - Lacrimal gland malignant mixed tumors (carcinomas arising in benign mixed tumors): a clinico-pathologic study. AB - Six cases of a rare entity, lacrimal gland malignant mixed tumor (MMT), or carcinoma arising in benign mixed tumor (BMT), are presented. Clinically, 2 patients had a long history of orbital protrusion, which recently had progressed more rapidly, In 2 other cases, the carcinomas evolved after recurrences of BMT. Two other patients experienced the recent onset of symptoms, without a known tumor previously having been present. Clinical clues suggesting a malignant neoplasm of a lacrimal gland include 1) recent rapid onset of symptoms (orbital protrusion, eyelid swelling; 2) presence of pain; and 3) radiographic studies showing bone destruction. In each of our cases, histologic examination demonstrated a BMT as well as a carcinoma (undifferentiated or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma; in 1 case, areas of adenoid cystic carcinoma were identified). Problems in histopathologic diagnosis are explored. (BMT, recurrent BMT, in situ carcinoma in BMT and MMT are differentiated.) The management of lacrimal gland tumors is discussed. For a suspected malignant neoplasm, a biopsy through the eye lid to establish the diagnosis is recommended. Radical orbital exenteration should be performed for malignant mixed tumors, which have a poor prognosis. PMID- 7378994 TI - Role of serum carcinoembryonic antigen in preoperative diagnosis of cancer in patients with thyroid nodules. AB - Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was measured by double antibody radioimmunoassay technique in 95 normal subjects and in 258 patients with thyroid nodules. All the normal subjects and the patients with benign nodules had normal CEA values. Increased serum CEA levels (above 50 ng/ml) were found in all medullary and undifferentiated (giant cell) carcinomas. After surgery, the CEA fell within the normal range in the patients with medullary carcinoma. High levels of CEA were also present in 26% of differentiated carcinomas. A relationship between high CEA values and the presence of metastatic disease was not found. Measurement of serum carciniembryonic antigen may be useful in the preoperative diagnosis of cancer in patients with thyroid nodules. PMID- 7378996 TI - Spontaneous regression in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Two hundred and nine cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been analyzed retrospectively for the occurrence of spontaneous regression (SR). Complete, partial or minor SR was found in 18 out of 140 cases with nodular lymphoma and in 2 out of 69 cases with diffuse lymphoma. Thus, SR occurs far more frequently in nodular lymphoma than in the diffuse type. Within the nodular lymphoma group, SR is associated with long survival. It occurred in previously treated and untreated patients and in nodal and extranodal disease; the duration varied from a few weeks to many years but lasted one year or more in 7 cases with complete or partial SR. PMID- 7378995 TI - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in cancer patients treated with total body hyperthermia. AB - This study was performed to determine if the ingestive and bactericidal capacity of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was altered in cancer patients treated with total body hyperthermia (TBH). TBH of either 41.5 or 42.0 C was induced and maintained for periods up to 6 hours by extracorporeal circulation of the patient's blood through a very sensitive temperature regulating device via a shunt in the patient's leg. In vitro studies performed at 37 C showed that the bactericidal capacity of the PMN from cancer patients was initially generally lower than values obtained from control individuals, but most of the patients' PMN exhibited an increased bactericidal capacity following TBH. Function was not diminished by multiple hyperthermia treatments. Similar studies performed in vitro at 42 C showed that the bactericidal capacity of PMN from both control individuals and cancer patients was significantly less than those obtained at 37 C. These data indicate that the bactericidal capacity of peripheral blood PMN may be transiently increased after TBH, but during the period of elevated temperature, the phagocytic process may be retarded. PMID- 7378998 TI - Endodermal sinus tumor of the pineal region. AB - Two cases of endodermal sinus tumor of the pineal region are reported and compared with 16 others in the literature. The preponderance of neoplasms occurs in boys, usually in their second decade. The diagnosis is usually established within three months of the onset of non-specific symptoms of an intracranial mass. Treatment with operation or radiotherapy alone is inadequate. Most patients have died within two years, some with widespread intradural metastases. The one individual who has survived five years was treated with both operation and radiotherapy. PMID- 7378999 TI - Lye corrosion carcinoma of the esophagus: a review of 63 cases. AB - Clinical material and the results of treatment of 63 esophageal lye corrosion carcinoma patients are presented below. The mean age of patients at lye ingestion was 6.2 years; the mean latent time between lye corrosion and esophageal carcinoma was 41 years. The later the lye was ingested the earlier carcinoma of the esophagus appeared. Eighty-four percent of carcinomas(all of which were of histologically squamous cell type) were found to be in the bronchial bifurcation area of the esophagus. Sixty-eight percent of lye corrosion carcinoma patients had been treated with resection or radiotherapy (over 4000 rads). Every tenth patient of whole material had surveved for over seven years. Both surgery and radiotherapy as practiced in our clinics had better survival rates than for previous esophageal carcinoma series. PMID- 7378997 TI - Results of operative treatment of intracranial metastatic tumors. AB - Survival and quality of survival have been investigated in 79 patients operated for intracranial metastatic tumor during the decade 1967--1977. The 30-day mortality was 10%. Median survival varied between two and 14 months depending upon the type of primary tumor. The one-year survival was 22% and the two-year survival was 10%. Duration of survival depended strongly upon type of primary turmor and little upon preoperative condition, age, or sex. Fifty-three percent of neurologically impaired patients who survived for at least one month were in better condition after surgery and 5% were in worse condition. PMID- 7379001 TI - Clinical characteristics of early cutaneous melanoma. AB - Clinical characteristics of the primary tumor in 786 patients with superficial spreading melanoma were studied in a prospective sequential series of patients from the Melanoma Clinical Cooperative Group. The most useful features for early diagnosis were change in size and change in color, present in 71% and 55% respectively of patients with level II lesions. Increase in height of lesion correlated with more advanced disease. Ulceration and bleeding were predominantly found in advanced primary lesions and are consequently of limited use in early recognition. Awareness of the historical and clinical features of the primary tumor should result in early recognition and cure of most primary superficial spreading melanomas. PMID- 7379002 TI - Spindle cell squamous carcinomas and sarcoma-like tumors of the skin: a comparative study of 38 cases. AB - Thirty-eight cutaneous lesions previously diagnosed as spindle cell squamous carcinoma, "atypical fibroxanthoma," or dermal sarcoma are presented. Two patients had two lesions each; thus, there were 36 patients. Cases of spindle cell melanoma (including desmoplastic melanoma), sarcoma of subcutaneous origin, and "neuroid sarcoma" were excluded. On review, the lesions fell into two categories: (1) those with a definite component of invasive squamous carcinoma in addition to sarcoma-like areas (8 cases), and (2) those in which such a squamous component was not identified (30 cases). Cases in the former group were considered proven spindle cell squamous carcinomas, while those in the latter group were designated noncommittally as sarcoma-like tumors. Almost all patients were white and over 40 years of age. Four sarcoma-like tumors (from three patients) arose in areas previously treated with x-ray and all but two (both spindle cell squamous carcinomas) of the remainder in both categories arose in sun-damaged skin. Prognosis did not differ significantly between the two categories but depended primarily on the depth of invasion. Two of two tumors that extended into bone and four of seven that invaded skeletal muscle caused death; all of those involving only dermis (24) or dermis and subcutis (five) were successfully extirpated. Origin in an area that had received x-ray was also an unfavorable prognostic indicator; all three patients whose lesions arose in such areas died of tumor. This may have been related to depth of invasion because the three fatal postradiation sarcoma-like tumors all invaded muscle. It was concluded that the distinction between spindle cell squamous carcinoma and "atyical fibroxanthoma" is of little prognostic import per se, but rather that prognosis is primarily dependent on the depth of invasion and, perhaps, the type of antecedent irradiation. PMID- 7379003 TI - Bacteremic infection and malnutrition in patients with solid tumors: investigation of host defense mechanisms. AB - Eighty-five patients with solid tumors without neutropenia were studied in order to determine host characteristics associated with bacteremic infection. Twenty patients without neoplastic disease who had bacteremia served as controls. Bacteremia frequently occurred in patients with tumors of the gastrointestinal and urinary tract, who were over 51 years of age, and had evidence of malnutrition. Peripheral blood lymphocyte dysfunction in vitro was commonly noted in infected patients with cancer. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) dysfunction was common in older bacteremic patients with and without cancer. The PMNL abnormality appeared to be cellular, it was not corrected with use of pooled normal serum, and was manifested by poor uptake of the assay organisms. PMID- 7379000 TI - Hepatic veno-occlusive disease due to DTIC. AB - A case of fulminant hepatic failure leading to death in a patient receiving DTIC for metastatic melanoma is presented. Autopsy revealed widespread centrilobular necrosis secondary to a veno-occlusive process. There was no evidence of a similar process in other organs, and common causes of similar pathology were ruled out. It is likely that in this patient the hepatic failure was due to DTIC alone. Similar cases have been reported in patients receiving other chemotherapeutic agents. Physicians using these drugs should be aware of this side-effect of therapy, since it is often fatal. PMID- 7379005 TI - 125Iodine prostate implants for recurrent carcinomas after external beam irradiation: preliminary results. AB - Fourteen patients with locally recurrent prostate carcinomas after external beam irradiation received 135I seed implants at Stanford between 1975 and 1979. Clinical local control has been obtained in 11 of the 14 patients for follow-up periods of 6 to 36 months. Eight remain without evidence of disease, but 2 of the 3 patients whose pelvic lymph nodes were involved by carcinoma have developed distant metastases. Complications, consisting of either cystoproctitis, urinary incontinence, or the development of a vesicorectal fistula occurred in 4 of the 14 patients. These complications were noted only in those patients who had implantation of high intensity 125I seeds (greater than 0.50 mCi) into large prostatic volumes (greater than or equal to 50 cc). No complications occurred in patients who received lower intensity 125I seed implants in smaller prostatic volumes. We conclude that 125I seed implants may be used in a second attempt to obtain local control after a local relapse following external beam irradiation, if the use of high intensity 125I sources and/or the implantation of large prostate volumes are avoided. PMID- 7379006 TI - Analysis of failures after definitive irradiation for epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx. AB - From 1955 to 1976, 111 patients were treated with definitive radiotherapy for epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx. There was a definite correlation between recurrence at the primary site and T-stage; 9.5% of T1-2 patients, 38.1% of T3 patients and 54.1% of T4 patients had local recurrences. Similarly, failure in the neck correlated with N-stage, being negligible for N0 and N1 but 28.6% for N2 and 36.1% for N3. The incidence of distant metastases had no correlation with T stage but correlated very closely with N-stage. The patients were grouped into four T and N categories, T1-2 N0-1, T1-2 N2-3, T3-4 N0-1, and T3-4 2-3. The five year relapse-free survival for the T1-2 N0-1 category was 69% but was only about 20% for each of the other three categories. The major cause of poor survival for the T3-4 N0-1 category was recurrence at the primary site, whereas for the T1-2 N2-3 and T3-4 N2-3 categories, it was the high incidence of distant metastases, approximately 50%. Recommendations are to increase dose at the primary site for T3-4 N0-1 patients and to institute clinical trials testing adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with neck stages N2 and N3. PMID- 7379004 TI - Multiple daily fractionation (MDF) radiotherapy in association with hyperthermia and/or misonidazole: experimental and clinical results. AB - Several modalities involving a Multiple Daily Fractionation (MDF) course in combination with hyperthermia and/or the hypoxic sensitizer misonidazole have been tested on a mouse tumor system and then applied, with the proper sequencing, to a group of patients with multiple (N2-N3) neck node metastases from H&N cancers. Different lesions of the same patients underwent different modalities. The clinical results indicate the effectiveness, in respect to a historical series of patients treated with conventional fractionation (200 rads/day, five days/week), of either MDF alone (200 + 150 + 150 rads/day, five days/week) or MDF + hyperthermia (500 MHz, 42-43 C, 45 min., after 2nd daily fraction, on day 1, 3, and 5 of each week) or MDF + misonidazole (1.2 g/m2 daily, 2 hours before 1st fraction, up to a maximum dose of 12 g/m2), or MDF + hyperthermia + misonidazole. The latter modality appears to be possibly the most effective at inducing a complete local tumor response lasting longer in time (follow-up to a minimum of four months). The pharmacology of misonidazole has been monitored in the patients to avoid undesired excessive drug plasma level. No neurological symptoms have been observed. Oropharyngeal mucositis has been observed only in patients treated with misonidazole and radiation through two cross-firing portals. The problem of selecting individual patients for a particular modality is discussed. PMID- 7379007 TI - Randomized study of preoperative radiation and surgery or irradiation alone in the treatment of stage IB and IIA carcinoma of the uterine cervix: preliminary analysis of failures and complications. PMID- 7379008 TI - Radiotherapy of chondrosarcoma of bone. AB - A retrospective analysis of 31 cases of chondrosarcoma of bone treated by radiotherapy at the Princess Margaret Hospital between 1958 and 1976 is presented. In comparison with other large series, our group of patients were found to have been unfavourably selected with respect to the known prognostic factors: histology (39% mesenchymal and dedifferentiated), site (75% arising in the trunk and head and neck), adequacy of operative treatment (none having had a complete surgical excision), and presenting symptoms (two-thirds presenting with pain). Twelve patients with primary (good, moderate, and unknown differentiation) chondrosarcoma were radically irradiated; 6 of these 12 have been alive and well without tumor for periods ranging from three and half to 16 years and 3 of these are alive and well for 15 years or more following radiotherapy. The other 6 patients responded or disease stabilized following radiotherapy for periods ranging from 16 months to eight years. One poorly differentiated tumor was radically irradiated and did not respond. Eleven patients were irradiated palliatively (5 dedifferentiated and mesenchymal, 4 secondary, and 2 primary chondrosarcomas), generally with low doses of irradiation, and only 4 responded transiently for periods ranging from three to 12 months. Seven patients with mesenchymal and dedifferentiated tumors were radically irradiated. Four responded or disease stabilized, and 1 of these patients was alive and well at 3 years; 3 did not respond. Six died with distant metastasis. It is concluded that chondrosarcoma of bone is a radioresponsive tumor and the place of radiotherapy in the treatment of this disease and the reason for its being labelled a radioresistant tumor are discussed. The problems of assessing response of chondrosarcoma to therapy are also discussed. It is suggested that chemotherapy may have a role in the management of mesenchymal and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. PMID- 7379010 TI - Solid tumor models for the assessment of different treatment modalities. XIII. Comparison of response and recovery of host and solid tumor to cyclophosphamide and radiation. AB - A study of the effects of local tumor radiation alone (1500R) and cyclophosphamide alone (150 mg/kg) on the experimental solid tumor rat hepatoma 3924A has been completed. Cyclophosphamide was more effective in controlling tumor growth than either radiation or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (150 mg/kg) previously reported. Parallel recovery of bone marrow with increasing animal survival in "split dose" cyclophosphamide toxicity studies (as with 5-FU) indicates that bone marrow is the critical organ for sequential chemotherapy. Recovery of intestinal mucosa following cyclophosphamide (and 5-FU) occurred much earlier than recovery of bone marrow, substantiating the fact that bone marrow is the critical organ governing the time of administration of a second series of chemotherapeutic agents. The longest period of time (seven days) between delivery of radiation and administration of cyclophosphamide resulted in the most effective use of the two modalities. Tumor growth delay was 1.2 times greater than the additive effects of each agent given alone. Radiation and cyclophosphamide given at other time intervals resulted in either an additive or less than additive effect. One of the greatest difficulties to overcome in the more effective clinical use of combined modality therapy is increased toxicity. In these studies, the least host toxicity occurred when the effects of combined radiation and cyclophosphamide on the tumor were greatest. Results of experimental studies to date suggest that sequential combined modality therapy may be given at a time of maximum tumor growth rate that occurs following the previous treatment series. Since the time of maximum tumor growth rate occurs after recovery of the bone marrow from the previous treatment series, combined chemotherapy-radiotherapy schedules of this type should permit sequential administration of chemotherapeutic agents, such as 5-FU and cyclophosphamide, at the time of enhanced tumor sensitivity and diminished host toxicity. PMID- 7379009 TI - Pediatric brain stem gliomas. AB - Sixty-two pediatric patients with brain stem glioma diagnosed between 1964 and 1978 have been reviewed. Posterior fossa eploration was performed on 53% of the patients. Pathology was obtained by biopsy in 58% of those explored. Fifty-four patients had definitive radiation therapy with a median dose of 5000 rads. The actuarial five-year survival for the entire group is 30%. A pathologic diagnosis was available from necropsy or biopsy on 36 of the 62 patients. One-half had malignant tumors, and none survived more than 16 months. The remaining patients with well-differentiated gliomas had five-year actuarial survival of 55%. The use of computed tomography (CT) has been found to be valuable in diagnosis and follow up, as well as in the design of radiation therapy portals. The data demonstrate no dose response curve. We recommend local radiation therapy of 5000 to 5500 rads to the tumor area as defined by CT. PMID- 7379011 TI - Time dependent effects of adriamycin and x-ray therapy on wound healing in the rat. AB - Wound healing as measured by wound breaking strength (WBS) was studied in male Fischer rats. Animals were wounded (day 0) and treated with Adriamycin (ADR), x ray therapy (XRT), or the combination of ADR + XRT. Treatments were either on day -7,0 or +7. Animals were killed on days +14 and +21, and excised wounds were subjected to uniaxial extension and the recording of WBS (grams), hydroxy-proline assay, and collagen fiber diameter measurements. Day 0 treatment yielded WBS averaging 46% (ADR), 41% (XRT), and 26% (ADR + XRT) of control by 21 days. Newly synthesized hydroxyproline (scar collagen) values of day 0 treated animals were 47% (ADR), 66% (XRT), and 39% (ADR + XRT) of control at 21 days. Day -7 treatment yielded similar WBS values. Withholding single agent or combined treatment until day +7 yielded WBS values comparable to control at 14 or 21 days. In this model, day 0 treatment with ADR, XRT, or ADR + XRT impaired WBS most significantly. This was supported by a diminution in newly synthesized hydroxyproline and load extension curve analysis. PMID- 7379012 TI - A study of adriamycin-reduced wound breaking strenght in rats. An evaluation by light and electron microscopy, induction of collagen maturation, and hydroxyproline content. AB - The cause of the reduced wound breaking strength (WBS) in adriamycin-treated animals is unknown. Differential staining of histologic sections, collagen fiber diameter measurements by electron microscopy (EM), induction of maturation, and hydroxyproline content analysis were used to examine this defect. Differential staining and formaldehyde induction of maturation revealed no differences between mature and immature collagen content in scars of adriamycin-treated and control animals. Mean collagen fiber diameters in control rats were 76 +/- 27 nm and, in adriamycin treated rats, 62 +/- 10 nm (mean +/- SD) at 21 days. There was no difference in total hydroxyproline content between ADR and C animals. However, significant differences existed between the specific activity of new or 3H hydroxyproline (scar collagen) at 14 days (controls, 372 +/- 9 cpm; adriamycin treated, 129 +/- 5 cpm) and at 21 days (controls, 365 +/- 11 cpm; adriamycin treated, 172 +/- 14 cpm; mean +/- SEM; P less than 0.001). It appears that the defect contributing to reduced WBS in adriamycin treated animals is not due to a collagen maturation defect but rather to a reduction in scar collagen accumulation as measured by new hydroxyproline content and reduced fiber diameter as determined by EM measurements. PMID- 7379013 TI - Malignant histiocytosis in childhood: clinical study and therapeutic results in 22 cases. AB - Twenty-two children with malignant histiocytosis ranging in age from 2 to 13 1/2 years are described. In 10 cases, the correct diagnosis was only made retrospectively. The most salient pathologic features were found in lymph node biopsy specimens. Fever and wasting were the most prominent symptoms in 21 cases, and abdominal pains were striking in 9. Peripheral lymphadenopathy, mostly of the cervicoaxillary type, was present in 21 patients, with marked tenderness in 14. Abnormal mediastinal and/or paraaortic lymph nodes were detected radiographically in two-thirds of the patients. Other prominent features included subcutaneous inflammatory infiltration in 12 patients and skin nodules in 8. Pleural effusions were seen in 8 children. The haematologic findings are described. Only 5 of 19 children had bonemarrow involvement. Fifteen patients died, one to 45 months from onset of their illness (median survival time, five months). Nine patients are alive with no evidence of disease 21 to 46+ months (median, 40 months) after the time of diagnosis and 8 have currently been off treatment for periods ranging from three to 29 months; they all have been treated with vincristine, prednisone, cyclophosphamide, and adriamycin and 4 have achieved remission after treatment with vinblastine, bleomycin, and CCNU or cytosine-arabinoside. It is concluded from this study that clearly delineated clinical features of malignant histiocytosis in childhood should allow more rapid determination of the proper diagnosis and should result in early treatment by means of intensive systemic combination chemotherapy, which has dramatically improved the prognosis. PMID- 7379015 TI - An ameloblastoma with myofibroblasts and intracellular septate junctions. AB - This report represents a review of the ultrastructural features of the simple ameloblastoma. Our ultrastructural data indicate that the stromal component of ameloblastoma is composed of myofibroblasts with associated collagen and basal lamina material. A unique feature of these myofibroblasts is the formation of plaque-like structures on extended cell processes which were identified as intracellular septate junctions. The epithelial component of ameloblastoma was shown to be composed of three distinct cell types which appear to represent a continuum for the ameloblast-like basal cell through an intermediate to an acanthomatous cell. The actual relationship between the three cell types is unclear. PMID- 7379014 TI - Immune dysfunction in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Immune dysfunction seems to be more common in lymphoproliferative disorders wherein the malignant cells originate from the immune system itself. The reaction of Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and six recall antigens were found to be diminished in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas as compared to control subjects (P less than 0.005). The skin reactivity was lost in increasing order in well differentiated, poorly differentiated, and histiocytic types. The depression in delayed hypersensitivity was greater with generalized as compared to localized disease. In angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL), skin tests also showed negative response in 7 of 8 patients. This T-cell dysfunction in a preneoplastic condition (AIL) suggests early appearance of immunodeficiency and probably a prerequisite for the development of a lymphoma. The serum immunoglobulin levels failed to show any relation with respect to histology or extent of disease. Presumably, the alteration of IgG is secondary to a malignancy. PMID- 7379016 TI - The value of aspiration cytology in the evaluation of dysplastic breasts. AB - Sixteen consecutive patients who had carcinoma of the breast and who had preoperative xeromammography were evaluated and classified according to Wolfe's classification. Five of the patients had correct preoperative evaluation by mammography, and 11 had false negatives. Eight of these were in patients who had Wolfe's classification "DY", suggesting that this is an extremely difficult group to diagnose by mammography alone. The value of aspiration cytology in this group and in all patients having breast masses is discussed. Aspiration cytology as a cellular technique for diagnosing the group with dysplastic breast is strongly recommended. PMID- 7379017 TI - A clinical and pathological study of adrenocortical carcinoma: therapeutic implications. AB - Twenty-one patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) diagnosed at three hospitals over a ten-year period were reviewed for clinical and pathologic features that might have therapeutic implications. Depending upon the extent of cellular pleomorphism, ACC could be defined as anaplastic or differentiated. Anaplastic ACC occurred more often in male patients, produced more frequent cutaneous metastases (P = 0.01), and was associated with a lack of clinical or laboratory evidence of hormone production (P = 0.01). In contrast, differentiated ACC usually occurred in women and produced clinical or laboratory evidence of hormonal excess. Median survival time of patients with anaplastic ACC was only five months, while median survival time of those with differentiated ACC was 40 months (P = 0.005). Patients with differentiated ACC survived for long periods, even with metastatic disease. Three of 5 such patients had objective responses to o,p'-DDD (Mitotane) therapy. The histopathology of ACC is an important prognostic factor and should be considered in the design of future therapeutic trials. PMID- 7379018 TI - Statistical methods for evaluating pregnancy outcomes in patients with Hodgkin's disease. AB - This report presents a review of difficulties in the analysis of case-control studies in which multiple binary responses are observed for each individual and the number of controls per case varies. These statistical considerations are described in the context of a previously reported analysis of the influence of treatment of Hodgkin's disease on pregnancy outcomes. PMID- 7379020 TI - Retinitis pigmentosa and colon cancer: a previously unreported association. AB - Retinitis pigmentosa, a hereditary disease characterized by progressive retinal degeneration and blindness, has been associated with numerous diseases. We report the first association between retinitis pigmentosa and colon cancer in 3 of 53 hospitalized patients with retinitis pigmentosa at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary for the period from 1962 to 1977. PMID- 7379019 TI - Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. AB - The diagnosis, treatment and follow-up data for patients with malignant solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts for the period from 1949 to 1975 are presented. The neoplasm developed in the nasal fossae in 3 patients; in the maxillary sinuses in 2; in the supraglottic region in 1; and in the tonsillar fossa in 1. Curative radiation therapy is recommended after the diagnosis is established by biopsy examination only. In the present series, this practice resulted in complete regression of the tumors in all of the patients, with restoration of functions without local recurrence. In no case did the local disease transform into systemic myeloma. PMID- 7379021 TI - The earlier detection of colorectal cancers: a preliminary report of the results of the Occult Blood Study. AB - A long-term clinical study is underway to evaluate the merit of occult stool blood testing in the earlier detection of colorectal cancers; 48,000 participants have been enrolled. Thus far, 873 patients with occult stool blood have been examined, and 77 gastrointestinal cancers have been found in 74 patients. Although data from the control group are not yet available for comparison, most of the cancers found appear to be relatively early in their development. Conventional barium-enema examinations were noted to have "missed" one third of the colon cancers and two-thirds of the colon polyps which were found on colonoscopy. Preliminary results of the study appear encouraging. Definitive analysis will await the availability of additional pertinent data. PMID- 7379023 TI - Distribution of adriamycin in cancer patients: tissue uptakes, plasma concentration after IV and hepatic IA administration. AB - Twenty patients with solid tumors received 30 mg/M2 of adriamycin. Various tissue samples were intraoperatively obtained from 18 patients, about 1.5--5 hours after an intravenous (IV) bolus dose. Normal liver showed the highest levels of adriamycin uptake (2.3--19.8 micrograms/g); lymph nodes were second; muscle and bone marrow, next; fat and skin had the lowest adriamycin uptake (0.04--0.40 microgram/g). Tumor tissue, excluding that with much necrosis and hemorrhaging, had adriamycin concentrations which approximated those of the liver (1.1--9.2 micrograms/g). Six patients, all with hepatic malignancies, had prolonged plasma concentration studies after IV administration; 5 also had adriamycin administered directly into the hepatic artery catheter. Adriamycin-plasma-time courses were similar, whether the drug was administered by bolus directly into the hepatic artery or peripheral vein. The concentration of metabolites after hepatic intraarterial administration was definitely higher than that after IV administration. Patients with hepatic dysfunction had delayed plasma clearance and secondarily elevated levels approximately 160 and 300 minutes after administration. PMID- 7379022 TI - Spontaneous regression of metastatic testicular carcinoma in a patient with bilateral sequential testicular tumor. AB - Spontaneous regression of metastatic neoplasia is rate. A review of previously reported spontaneous regressions of testicular cancer indicates that in no case has such a patient had a prior, concurrent, or subsequent contralateral tumor. The case presented is unusual because it is the first instance of bilateral sequential testicular cancer in which spontaneous regression of metastases from one of the tumors has been noted. Together with a previous report of a spontaneous regression of testicular cancer which occurred only after a second orchiectomy, the present case suggests the possibility of hormonal modulation of tumor growth. PMID- 7379024 TI - Treatment of hepatic metastases in cancer of the colon and rectum. A preliminary report. AB - Treatment of hepatic metastases in 31 patients with cancer of the colon and rectum consisted of wedge resection or partial hepatectomy in 2; systemic chemotherapy in 13; chemotherapy infusion of the hepatic artery in 9; and chemotherapy infusion combined with intermittent arterial occlusion in 7. Patients were not randomized with regard to type of treatment, yet the age and sex distribution of these patients was similar in the three groups receiving chemotherapy. One patient treated by resection of a solitary hepatic lesion had been living with no evidence of disease for over three years. None of the patients who received systemic chemotherapy exhibited evidence of objective response. Four of 9 patients who received chemotherapy infusion and 4 of 7 who received a combination of arterial occlusion and chemotherapy infusion survived for periods ranging from 18 to 32 months. Clinical evaluation of individual patients indicated that those having metastases confined to the liver (Stages II and III) who received intermittent arterial occlusion and chemotherapy infusion enjoyed longer periods of objective response and experienced fewer complications than did those treated by chemotherapy infusion alone. PMID- 7379025 TI - Microangiopathic anemia observed after treatment of epidermoid carcinoma with mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil. AB - Two patients with epidermoid carcinoma treated with mitomycin-C (Mit-C) and 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) developed microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), renal failure, and altered mental status. Patient 1 was free of metastatic disease, on maintenance Mit-C and 5-FU when MAHA changes appeared. Patient 2 had recurrent carcinoma in the pelvic area when MAHA changes appeared. In both patients, MAHA changes and neurologic function improved after exchange plasmapheresis. This is the first report of epidermoid carcinoma manifesting MAHA changes after chemotherapy. Speculation as to pathogenesis and appropriate therapy are discussed. PMID- 7379026 TI - The radiotherapy of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma of the head and neck. AB - Between 1958 and 1977, 8 cases of lentigo maligna (LM) and 15 cases of lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) were treated with radiotherapy at the Princess Margaret Hospital. Only 1 of the 8 cases of LM recurred following irradiation and this recurrence was controlled with further radiotherapy. Of 15 cases of LMM, 14 were controlled by irradiation for periods ranging from two months to six years postradiotherapy; the 1 recurrence was salvaged with local excision. Conventional orthovoltage irradiation using doses of 4500--5000 rad in ten to 15 fractions has been found to be highly effective in controlling this disease. The lesion may take up to 24 months to completely regress following irradiation. The benefits of this modality of treatment for a disease process which predominantly occurs in the head and neck region of elderly people is discussed in detail. The results are compared with other methods of irradiation (Miescher's technique) and other modalities of treatment. PMID- 7379027 TI - Antigenic alterations in tumors of epidermal origin. AB - One hundred tumors of epidermal origin were studied by means of indirect immunofluorescence technique with sera from patients with proven pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid. We found that in tumors of epidermal origin, there was a loss of antigenicity of the intercellular substance and basement membrane; this was minimal for benign tumors, greater for premalignant tumors, and very clear for malignant tumors. We also found a gross correlation between the histologically proven malignancy of squamous cell carcinoma and the grade of antigenic loss; both for the intercellular substances and for the basement membrane antigens. However, this did not yeild definite results in the group with basal cell carcinoma. With regard, especially, to the intercellular substance antigen, it seemed to be completely independent of histologic type of basal cell carcinoma. We found that the duration of the epidermal tumor did not correlate with the percentage of intercellular substance and basement membrane antigenic loss. This suggested that the antigenic loss was an early feature of neoplastic behavior. The deeper parts of the malignant tumors in the dermis showed a lower percentage of antigenicity for both antigens. PMID- 7379028 TI - The effect of pH on cell lethality induced by hyperthermic treatment. PMID- 7379030 TI - Polymorph phagocytosis by cancer cells in an endometrial adenoacanthoma. AB - A case of endometrial adenoacanthoma is reported in which two histologically distinct populations of cells were identified in the primary tumor. The two cell types differed in that one had phagocytosed large numbers of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. A subsequent skin metastasis was composed entirely of cells capable of phagocytosing polymorphs. The ability of cancer cells to phagocytose other cellular elements may provide a histologic marker for the presence of surface membrane abnormalities in these cells. The possibility that this may be associated with metastasis is considered. PMID- 7379029 TI - Characterization of cell lines from four undifferentiated human malignancies. AB - Tumor tissue from 4 patients with undifferentiated malignancy was studied by means of electron microscopy and cell culture. The cell lines were characterized for morphologic and ultramorphologic appearance, chromosome constitution, and cell products. Cell types established in culture were compared to histologic diagnosis of the original tumor. In only 1 case originally diagnosed as malignant melanoma were cell cultures and ultrastructure consistent with that diagnosis. Two cases in which cell cultures and ultramorphologic appearance were consistent with melanoma were originally diagnosed as carcinoma and sarcoma. The tumor of the fourth patient, diagnosed as melanoma, had no features in the cell cultures and electron micrographs consistent with melanoma. The reliability of using the presence or absence of melanosomes alone as an absolute diagnostic criterion is doubtful. PMID- 7379031 TI - Ovarian neoplasms resembling sex cord tumors with annular tubules. AB - A clinicopathologic analysis of 6 patients with ovarian neoplasms resembling sex cord tumors with annular tubules (SCTAT) was performed. The patients' ages ranged from 20 to 43 years. Most had signs and symptoms of estrogenic hormonal imbalance; none had evidence of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. The tumors were unilateral in all cases and, except for one lesion of microscopic size, were from 3 to 18 cm in greatest dimension. One tumor was combined with a germinoma. Surgery alone was the primary mode of therapy in all cases. Lymph nodal metastases developed in 2 patients 7.5 and 10.5 years postoperatively. They are the first documented examples of malignant behavior recorded. At the time of last known contact, all patients were alive without demonstrable tumor for intervals from 1.5 to 16.3 years (mean, 7.8 years) after initial treatment. While the annular patterns of growth have often been attributed to Sertoli cell differentiation, histologic and cytologic features of granulosa cell tumor were observed in areas of the primary tumors and in metastatic lesions. True lumen formation was never observed in the so-called tubules. We propose classification of SCTAT as a distinctive annular and membranous variant of granulosa cell tumor in view of the morphologic similarities and comparable clinical behavior of these two neoplasms. PMID- 7379032 TI - Nodular lymphoma: clinicopathologic correlations of parafollicular small lymphocytes and degree of nodularity. AB - One hundred thirty-four cases of Stages III and IV nodular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, subclassified according to the criteria of Rappaport, were assessed for parafollicular small lymphocytes and vascular prominence and degree of nodularity. Statistically significant correlations with survival were found for the groups in the Rappaport classification but not for groups based on the amount of parafollicular small lymphocytes or vascular prominence (PSL grading). In the subgroup of patients with nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, a significant difference in survival time was found between those with pure nodular patterns and those with 25--60% diffuse areas. PMID- 7379033 TI - Pilomatrix carcinoma or calcifying epitheliocarcinoma of Malherbe: a case report and review of literature. AB - We report a case of aggressive pilomatrixoma with two recurrences. This is the first reported case of such a tumor with a basal cell-like histology of recurrences. We propose that this type of tumor be designated "calcifying epitheliocarcinoma of Malherbe" or "pilomatrixoma carcinoma". PMID- 7379034 TI - Mucin-producing adenocarcinomas and nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis: pathogenetic role of tumor mucin. AB - The clinicopathologic data of 5 patients who died of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) and disseminated thrombosis and multiple infarcts associated with mucin-producing adenocarcinomas were presented. Histochemical studies on the valvular vegetations and thrombi revealed that histochemically stainable mucinous substance was an integral part. In 1 patient, circulating mucinous substance was found prior to the development of NBTE and disseminated thrombosis, and the identical mucinous substance was found in the tumor tissue, indicating a possible pathogenetic role of tumor mucin in NBTE-associated mucin-producing adenocarcinomas. Our observations and reports of others suggest that intravascular mucin may be responsible for the clinical syndromes of mucinous malignancies, venous thrombosis, and NBTE with emboli. PMID- 7379035 TI - Enzyme pathology of the liver in patients with and without nonhepatic cancer. AB - Preliminary studies of 13 enzymes subserving various metabolic pathways were undertaken in tumor-free liver biopsy samples from cancer patients and control subjects. The observations indicate that as a result of nonhepatic neoplasms, with (7 cases) or without (6 cases) hepatic involvement, the biochemical composition of the liver becomes partially undifferentiated. Quantification of appropriate enzymes in histologically normal liver samples could thus distinguish clearly between cancer hosts and controls. The best discriminators include two hepatic enzymes whose concentrations were decreased to less than 30% of normal (soluble glutamate dehydrogenase and the cold stable pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase) and three for which it was elevated two to four-fold (hexokinase, peptidyl proline hydroxylase and thymidine kinase) in response to distant neoplasms. The same alterations in hepatic enzyme pattern were not seen in any cancer-free patients with or without morphologic liver damage. PMID- 7379036 TI - Benign cystic mesothelioma. AB - A 73-year-old man presented a 20-year history of recurrent, progressive, cystic lesions of the peritoneal surfaces which had necessitated two previous operations. Diffuse involvement of the peritoneum was observed at his most recent laparotomy and an attempt was made to excise as much mesothelial surface as possible. Benign cystic mesothelioma was diagnosed, based on the clinical behavior of the lesion and the presence of specific histologic and ultrastructural findings. While this lesion shares some histologic similarities with previously described peritoneal cysts, the ultrastructural demonstration of its mesothelial origin and its recurrent progressive behavior are without precedent. PMID- 7379037 TI - Elevation of serum acid phosphatase in cancers with bone metastasis. AB - In patients with nonprostatic cancer serum acid phosphatase activity is usually elevated when bone metastasis is present but not when bone metastasis is absent. The fraction responsible for serum enzyme elevation is a normal component of serum; it appears in gel electrophoresis as band 5; and is tartrate-resistant. It is suggested that the origin of acid phosphatase elevation is bone osteoclasts rather than cancer tissue, as is the case with prostatic carcinoma. Determination of serum acid phosphatase activity may be useful in the detection of bone metastasis. PMID- 7379040 TI - Binding of hematoporphyrin to synchronized cells from the line NHIK 3025. AB - The binding of hematoporphyrin (HP) to human cells of the line NHIK 3025 has been studied with the aid of microfluorometry. HP is concentrated within cells when present in Hank's balanced salt solution in the concentration range 10(-5)--3 x 10(-3) M. The time course of binding is biphasic with a rapid initial binding and a slower accumulation at times longer than 30 min. The amount bound to HP increases linearly as the cells proceed through the cell cycle and is doubled from early G1 to late G2. PMID- 7379038 TI - Abnormalities in water homeostasis in small cell anaplastic lung cancer. AB - Forty-one patients with newly diagnosed small cell anaplastic lung cancer were evaluated for abnormalities in water homeostasis. Each patient underwent a standard water load (SWL) test. Overall, 68% had abnormalities in the SWL test. Abnormalities were found in 47% of the patients with carcinoma clinically limited to one hemithorax and in 86% of the patients with more extensive carcinoma. The determination of urinary antidiuretic hormone levels was available for 27 patients. Abnormally elevated levels were found in 44% of those patients. Forty six patients had clinically detectable syndrome of the inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH); in 12% of patients water restriction was necessary. The incidence of detectable abnormalities in water homeostasis in this study was higher than has been previously recognized. The SWL test is a sensitive and useful means of determining the presence of impaired water handling in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 7379042 TI - Characterization of the guinea pig liver microsomal 2-fluorenylamine and N-2 fluorenylacetamide N-hydroxylase. AB - Many reports in the literature have indicated that the guinea-pig is resistant to the carcinogenic effect of N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2FAA); this refractoriness has been attributed to its lack of N-hydroxylating enzymes. The present communication, however, supports the results of contradictory reports which demonstrate that guinea-pig liver microsomes are in fact able to N-hydroxylate both 2-fluorenamine and 2FAA. The guinea-pig N-hydroxylase activity toward 2 fluorenamine is found to be even greater than the reported activity in the rat and hamster. It is similarly inhibited by 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), 7,8 benzoflavone (7,8 BF) or miconazole. Activity toward N-2-fluorenacetamide is present in the microsomal preparation from the control guinea-pig. There is slight activation by SKF525A, paraoxon (PX) or sodium fluoride. Under optimum conditions, in the presence of both paraoxon and sodium fluoride, activity is equivalent to that of rat liver microsomal enzymes. PMID- 7379039 TI - Familial clustering of malignant mesothelioma. AB - A family with a remarkable aggregation of malignant mesothelioma is described. The father, 3 brothers, and a sister all died of the condition. The family and epidemiologic histories are reviewed. Random occupational asbestos exposure in the building industry probably occurred in 4 of the 5 cases. All of the patients were smokers. There is a low incidence of malignant mesothelioma in the area where they resided. These observations suggest that over and above the smoking and asbestos exposure, heredity may be an important predisposing factor in the genesis of this tumor. PMID- 7379043 TI - Inhibition of microsome-mediated binding of aflatoxin B1 to DNA by glutathione S transferase. AB - Hamster liver microsome-mediated [14C]aflatoxin B1 binding to DNA is inhibited by 105,000 X g liver supernatant fraction. Absolute requirement of glutathione for the inhibitory activity of the dialyzed supernatant and irreversible loss of the inhibitory activity by the heat-treated supernatant indicate involvement of glutathione S-transferase. Concomitant with inhibition of aflatoxin B1-DNA binding, the formation of an aflatoxin B1-glutathione conjugate is indicated. PMID- 7379044 TI - Comparative effects of indole and aminoacetonitrile derivatives on dimethylnitrosamine-demethylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities. AB - The effect of in vivo administration of indole and five 3-indolyl derivatives including L-tryptophan, as well as of aminoacetonitrile and 3 of its derivatives, were studied on the carcinogen-metabolizing hepatic mixed-function oxidases dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-demethylase I and II and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH). Indole, 3-indolylmethanol, 3-indolyl-acetonitrile, 3-indolylacetone and L tryptophan induce AHH activity from 3- to 6-fold of the control level, whereas beta-3-indolylethanol has no effect; the latter compound produces a 21% decrease of the endoplasmic reticulum content in the tissue. Only L-tryptophan induces DMN demethylase I and only L-tryptophan and 3-indolylmethanol induce DMN-demethylase II, representing a doubling of enzyme activity in all 3 instances. Aminoacetonitrile is a potent repressor of DMN-demethylase I. Substitutions on the amino group bring about strong decrease or abolishment of mixed-function oxidase repressor activity; thus, iminodiacetonitrile has only about 1/5th the repressor activity of the parent compound, whereas nitrilotriacetonitrile and dimethylaminoacetonitrile appear to be inactive. Aminoacetonitrile and its derivatives studied have no effect on DMN-demethylase II and AHH activities. The mixed-function oxidase-modifying effects of the indole compounds and of aminoacetonitrile and its derivatives illustrate the potential complexity of effects of dietary constituents on the carcinogenic responses. PMID- 7379041 TI - Differential susceptibility of 3 sublines of C57BL/6 mice to the induction of colorectal tumors by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. AB - Eight-week-old mice of 3 sublines of strain C57BL/6 were given s.c. injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), once weekly for 10 weeks. The highest incidence (85%) of colorectal tumors occurred in C57BL/6N mice. Colorectal tumors occurred in 43% of C57BL/6J mice, while only 3 (10%) C57BL/6Ha mice developed these tumors. Possible factors responsible for the differential susceptibility of 3 sublines of C57BL/6 mice to the induction of colorectal tumors by DMH are discussed. PMID- 7379046 TI - Scanning electron microscopic examination of human asbestos bodies. AB - Asbestos bodies represent the product of the macrophage's attempt to detoxify inhaled asbestos fibers. The process of asbestos body maturation was examined by scanning electron microscopy of material isolated from lungs of former asbestos workers. The results suggest that the progression from a membrane-bound, smooth coating of the fiber, to the typically beaded form may be caused by cracking and subsequent erosion due to the inspiratory and expiratory forces of the lung on the asbestos body. PMID- 7379045 TI - Asbestos body phagocytosis by human free alveolar macrophages. AB - Phagocytosis of asbestos bodies by human free alveolar macrophages (FAMs) was documented employing light microscopy. This process was more carefully studied utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which demonstrated morphological and surface membrane changes in FAMs following phagocytosis of asbestos bodies. FAM viability was also evaluated following 24--72-h incubation of cells with asbestos bodies at a final concentration of 250 micrograms/ml. Slight, but significant, cytotoxicity was observed following the initial 24-h culture period (P = 0.032, paired, 2-tailed t-test). No further cytotoxicity was observed, however, when cells were further incubated for 48-h and 72-h intervals (P greater than 0.05 in all instances). These studies demonstrate asbestos bodies are readily phagocytized by cultured FAMs, and are only slightly cytotoxic to these human lung cells. PMID- 7379047 TI - Procarbazine, vincristine, CCNU, and cyclophosphamide (POCC) in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma. AB - Twelve previously untreated patients with histologically documented, metastatic, malignant melanoma were treated with the combination of procarbazine, vincristine, CCNU, and cyclophosphamide, with an objective response rate of 33%. The median survival time was 10 months for responders versus 5 months for nonresponders. Bone marrow suppression was the major toxic effect. Further clinical trials are needed to better assess the utility of this combination in advanced melanoma. PMID- 7379049 TI - Phase II study of VM-26 in adult malignancies. PMID- 7379051 TI - Phase II study of 5-fluorouracil and adriamycin in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. AB - A prospective study was carried out to determine the effectiveness and tolerance of the combination of 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/m2) and Adriamycin (50 mg/m2) given iv every 3 weeks to patients with disseminated transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. Twenty-one of 23 patients entered in the study were evaluable for both response and toxicity. Two patients had complete responses and six had partial responses (greater than or equal to 50% reduction), yielding an overall response rate (complete plus partial) of 38%. Leukopenia (72.7%) and thrombocytopenia (54.5%) were common. Toxicity was life-threatening in one patient. Other common side effects were alopecia, nausea and vomiting, and a generalized feeling of weakness. Responders had a median survival time of 29 weeks compared to a median survival time of 9 weeks for nonresponders. PMID- 7379050 TI - Phenytoin-misonidazole: possible metabolic interaction. AB - Following iv administration of misonidazole, evidence of decreased plasma half life (3.8 hours versus 9.1 hours +/- 0.8 [SD] in eight other patients studied) and increased metabolism was observed in a patient receiving continuous phenytoin therapy. PMID- 7379052 TI - Methotrexate and 7-hydroxymethotrexate: serum level monitoring by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - We have developed a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay with ultraviolet detection at 303 nm for methotrexate (MTX) and 7 hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH-MTX) in serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid. The procedure involves the concentration of MTX and 7-OH-MTX in the aqueous phase by an n-butanol-ether extraction, resulting in a sensitivity of 10-20 nM in serum. Serum levels of MTX correlated well with those obtained by a competitive dihydrofolate reductase binding assay (r = 0.989). The clinical utility of the assay was demonstrated by measuring MTX and 7-OH-MTX serum levels in 42 patient samples. PMID- 7379048 TI - Combination cytotoxic chemotherapy with CCNU, procarbazine, and vincristine in disseminated cutaneous malignant melanoma: 3 years, followup. AB - Thirty patients with disseminated cutaneous malignant melanoma were treated with a three-drug cytotoxic chemotherapy program consisting of CCNU, procarbazine, and vincristine. Eighteen of 30 patients (60%) showed objective regressions, including ten complete responses (33%). Responders had cutaneous, nodal, and/or pulmonary involvement, but objective regressions were not achieved in patients with hepatic or brain metastases. The median response duration was 8 months and the median survival of the responders was 20 months compared to 5 months for nonresponders. These promising preliminary results require confirmation. PMID- 7379053 TI - Tamoxifen in metastatic malignant melanoma. AB - Eight patients with advanced metastatic malignant melanoma were treated with tamoxifen at a dose of 10 mg orally twice a day for a minimum of 4 weeks. There was one complete response of skin disease occurring over a period of 40 weeks. This patient has remained disease-free for 8+ weeks. Two other patients demonstrated a partial but brief (4 weeks) shrinkage of gross subcutaneous disease. Three patients exhibited no response to the drug, but two patients had rapid acceleration of disease between the second and fourth weeks of treatment. Further exploration of the basis for these favorable and adverse responses is being pursued. PMID- 7379054 TI - Phase II trial of vindesine in patients with malignant melanoma. PMID- 7379055 TI - Phase II trial of 6-thioguanine in metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 7379056 TI - Changes in hair pigmentation associated with cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7379057 TI - Response to maytansine in a patient with malignant thymoma. PMID- 7379058 TI - Adriamycin given as a weekly schedule without a loading course: clinically effective with reduced incidence of cardiotoxicity. AB - Three hundred and thirty-six patients with a variety of tumors were treated with Adriamycin given weekly as an iv bolus of 1 mg/kg with subsequent doses adjusted for hematologic toxicity. This weekly schedule, not utilizing a loading course, resulted in only a 20% incidence of stomatitis. The number of evaluable patients and the percent with objective responses (respectively) according to tumor type were: lung (57 patients, 14%); sarcoma (62, 24%); breast (31, 35%); transitional cell carcinoma (17, 29%); non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (17, 29%); head and neck (16, 13%); colorectal (13, 0); ovarian (eight, 25%); and other (53, 11%). These response frequencies are comparable to those reported for every-3-week regimens using 60-75 mg/m2 of Adriamycin. Sixteen patients were given 450-550 mg/m2 of Adriamycin, five were given 550-600 mg/m2, and ten were given greater than 600 mg/m2. None of the study patients developed definite evidence of drug-induced congestive heart failure. Therefore, Adriamycin given as a weekly schedule provides a clinically effective alternative to the every-3-week schedule of administration. The weekly schedule is associated with tolerable toxicity and a decreased risk of developing drug-induced congestive heart failure. PMID- 7379059 TI - Synchronization of L1210 leukemia with hydroxyurea infusion and the effect of subsequent pulse dose chemotherapy. AB - Studies were performed to synchronize L1210 tumor cells in S phase in an effort to maximize the effect of subsequent pulse dose chemotherapy. Hydroxyurea (HU) was administered by continuous iv infusion 5 days after tumor implantation. Perturbation effects on the S-phase cells were measured by serial tritiated thymidine labeling indices. Effects on cell-cycle progression were measured by DNA content distribution analysis using flow cytometry. Synchronization of tumor cells was achieved with HU infusion (48 mg/kg/hour x 24 hours), resulting in 90% of the cells in S phase. Following infusion, synchronous progression of S-phase cells into G2/M and then G1 was apparent from +0 to +10 hours later. The susceptibility of HU-synchronized cells to subsequent chemotherapy was determined by treating mice with cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), methotrexate (MTX), or Adriamycin (ADR) pulse doses at various intervals following infusion. Synergy, measured by prolongation of survival times, resulted when Ara-C was administered immediately after the end of the infusion. Survival times then decreased as the fraction of cells in S phase decreased. In contrast, the survival times of mice treated with MTX or ADR pulse doses after HU infusion were additive at best and did not correlate with fluctuations in the S phase compartment. Therefore, prior synchronization of tumor cells in S phase was therapeutically advantageous when coupled with appropriately timed Ara-C pulse doses. There was little advantage in combining HU infusion with subsequent MTX or ADR therapy. PMID- 7379061 TI - Structure of the sugar moiety in the nephritogenic glycopeptide from rat glomerular, basement membrane. PMID- 7379060 TI - Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, and DTIC (CYVADIC) combination chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced sarcomas. AB - One hundred and forty adult patients with advanced sarcomas (125 soft tissue and 15 bone) were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, Adriamycin, and DTIC (CYVADIC). There were 21 (15%) complete and 45 (32%) partial responders, with an overall response rate of 47%. The response rate was 50% (17% complete) for patients with soft tissue sarcomas compared with 20% (none complete) for patients with bone sarcomas. The median duration of response was 9.5 months (range, 1-40+ months) for complete responders and 7 months (range, 1-31 months) for partial responders. The median time to achieve response was 9 weeks and the median number of courses of therapy to response was three. The median survival time was 16 months for responders compared with 7 months for nonresponders (P = 0.001). The most responsive tumor types were neurofibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and angiosarcoma. Pulmonary and soft tissue metastases were more responsive than bone and liver metastases. CYVADIC toxicity was predominantly limited to myelosuppression, vomiting, fever of unknown origin, and neuropathy. CYVADIC is an effective combination chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of advanced sarcomas. PMID- 7379062 TI - [Pharmacologic basis of cardiotonic glucoside therapy]. PMID- 7379063 TI - [Digitalis therapy in chronic coronary disease]. PMID- 7379064 TI - [Digitalis glycosides and arrhythmia]. PMID- 7379065 TI - [Diuretics: principles of selection]. PMID- 7379066 TI - [Long-term treatment of cardiac insufficiency with diuretics]. PMID- 7379067 TI - [The artificial pacemaker for the treatment of cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 7379068 TI - [The use of "intra-aortic balloon pumping" in postoperative cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 7379069 TI - [Mechanism of action of vasodilators]. PMID- 7379070 TI - Hydralazine in chronic left heart failure. PMID- 7379072 TI - [Possibilities of treatment with diazoxide]. PMID- 7379071 TI - [Treatment of cardiac insufficiency with phentolamine]. PMID- 7379073 TI - Long-term therapy with prazosin in severe chronic congestive heart failure. PMID- 7379075 TI - Vasodilators and diuretics: first line drugs for treatment of hypertensive heart failure. PMID- 7379074 TI - [Vasodilators in the treatment of cardiac insufficiency due to valvular disease]. PMID- 7379076 TI - [Value of the determination of serum concentration in the diagnosis of digitalis poisoning]. PMID- 7379077 TI - Cardiac pacemakers: office analysis of common problems. PMID- 7379078 TI - Hyperlipidemia: outpatient management. PMID- 7379079 TI - Noninvasive tests in the diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 7379080 TI - Vasospastic disorders: recognition and management. PMID- 7379081 TI - Occlusive arterial disease: recognition and management. PMID- 7379083 TI - Indications for cardiac catheterization and coronary arteriography in the adult. PMID- 7379082 TI - Approaches to heart failure. PMID- 7379084 TI - Aortic dissection with "normal" chest roentgenogram. AB - Two patients were studied who had aortic dissections and chest roentgenograms not suggestive of that diagnosis. Since a normal chest roentgenogram does not necessarily exclude this diagnosis, aortography is indicated, if aortic dissection is strongly suspected clinically. PMID- 7379086 TI - A simple technique for producing cast specimens of the cardiac ventricles. AB - In a convenient method, a methacrylate dental plastic, Kallocryl C, was used to make cast specimens of both ventricles of man. The casts are suitable for use in comparative measurements and highly accurate determinations of ventricular volumes. PMID- 7379087 TI - The coil-spring aorta or what makes rabbits go hippity-hop: an angiographic fable. PMID- 7379085 TI - Superior vena cava syndrome: a new radiologic approach to diagnosis. AB - Superior vena cava syndrome, a cause of severe distress, requires careful assessment of its etiology before therapy can be instituted. The diagnostic work up is varied depending on whether or not the superior vena cava syndrome is associated with a mediastinal mass. Fine needle aspiration biopsy has proved to be of considerable value in the evaluation of superior vena cava syndrome associated with a mediastinal mass. PMID- 7379088 TI - Vascular complications associated with sonographically demonstrated cystic epigastric lesions: an important indication for angiography. AB - Posttraumatic epigastric cystic lesions visualized on ultrasound or computed tomography examination should be further assessed by angiography. Additionally, a sudden increase in the size of a previously diagnosed pseudocyst, particularly if internal echoes develop or increase, warrants angiographic evaluation. Five patients are described with cystic lesions in the epigastric area noted by ultrasonography. Four were demonstrated by angiography to have life-threatening hemorrhage resulting from arterial erosions. PMID- 7379089 TI - [Present problems of radiotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379090 TI - [Psychones and mentiones, their weight and scope for measurement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379092 TI - [Relationships between men's age, plasma testosterone, 17-ketosteroids, and qualitative characteristics of spermiogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379091 TI - [Practical significant of pre-operative examination for haemostasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379093 TI - [Circulatory effects of isoprenaline and noradrenaline in intact and artificially thyrotoxic rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379094 TI - [Clinical pharmacology in childhood and adolescence]. PMID- 7379095 TI - [Fulfillment of the general health program and outlook for the 7th 5-year plan]. PMID- 7379097 TI - [Problems of scientific and medical information in Czechoslovak health care]. PMID- 7379096 TI - [Virology program--campaign against virus diseases in Czechoslovakia for 1981 to 1985]. PMID- 7379098 TI - [Information activity in scientific research institutes]. PMID- 7379099 TI - [Fulfillment of the general research program at the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague]. PMID- 7379100 TI - [Activities of the Scientific Council of the Ministry of Health in Czechoslovakia in 1979]. PMID- 7379101 TI - [The mechanism of antiatheromatous action of phosphatidylcholine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379102 TI - [Artifacts in the electrocardiogram--disturbance of ECG due to the so-called technical factor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379103 TI - [Heparin kinetics and methods of heparinization during haemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379104 TI - [Dietetic and metabolic intervention in patients after acute myocardial infarction--experience of first three years (author's transl]. PMID- 7379105 TI - [Changes in plasma and blood volume circulation during stay in high mountains (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379107 TI - [Metabolism of thyroid gland hormones in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379108 TI - [Selective intraarterial artificial embolization in the maxillofacial region (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379106 TI - [Thyrotoxicosis in childhood and in adolescent age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379109 TI - [Central haemodynamics in chronic thromboembolic disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379110 TI - [Preoperative evaluation of pulmonary function with a view to postoperative life of patients with lung cancer]. PMID- 7379112 TI - [Political aspects of medical practice]. PMID- 7379113 TI - [Idiopathic fibrosis of the mediastinum, hilus of the lung and the lung. Long term clinical x-ray and bronchological follow-up]. PMID- 7379111 TI - [Cherubism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379114 TI - [Comment on the class political problems of human health in the classic works of Marxism-Leninism]. PMID- 7379115 TI - [17-beta-estradiol and testosterone in chronically dialyzed patients with gynaecomasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379116 TI - [Psychodynamic aspects of erective dysfunction in ageing men (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379117 TI - [Assessment of an expedient sample size in health statistics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379118 TI - The lump in the throat syndrome. PMID- 7379119 TI - The level of the intercostal drain and other determinant factors in the conservative approach to penetrating chest injuries. PMID- 7379120 TI - Connective tissue disease in Nigeria with emphasis on scleroderma. PMID- 7379121 TI - Remoulding of the health services of Zimbabwe. PMID- 7379122 TI - Specific binding of phorbol ester tumor promoters to mouse skin. PMID- 7379123 TI - Displacement of parental RNA strands during in vitro transcription by bacteriophage phi 6 nucleocapsids. AB - We have studied the mode of transcription of the three double-stranded RNA segments found in bacteriophage phi 6. Stable transcription intermediates, isolated following in vitro incorporation of nucleoside triphosphates by phi 6 nucleocapsids, were examined by electron microscopy. Specimens were either spread and shadowed or deposited on polylysine film and stained. In either case, branched molecules with one or more single-stranded arms were seen. The single stranded arm, in all molecules observed, has about half the contour length of one double-stranded arm. The branched molecules are stable in high salt or hot phenol, resistant to proteinase K, but sensitive to RNAase A in high salt, yielding fragments of double-stranded RNA. These results are consistent with a transcription mechanism in which each new transcript displaces one of the parental RNA strands. From the rate of movement of the branch point, we found transcription rates in vitro of similar to or approximately 25 nucleotides per sec at 30 degrees C and 19 nucleotides per sec at 25 degrees C. Based on the spacing between branches in multiply branched molecules, initiation occurs approximately once every 40 sec at 30 degrees C on M or S RNA templates and about 6 times less frequently on L RNA. PMID- 7379124 TI - Regulation of structural gene expression in tobacco. PMID- 7379125 TI - Arginine-rich histones do not exchange between human and mouse chromosomes in hybrid cells. AB - Following division of HeLa-3T3 heterokaryons, human and mouse chromosomes occupy distinct regions within the resulting hybrid nuclei. This favorable orientation of genomes has allowed us to determine whether histones exchange between chromosomes in vivo. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins from HeLa cells labeled with 3H-arginine during S phase showed that the core histones were labeled preferentially, constituting 30% of the total cellular tritium and 50% of the label in a crude nuclear fraction. Autoradiographic analysis of cells formed by fusion of 3H-arginine-labeled HeLa cells and 3T3-4E cells showed that 3H arginine-labeled proteins did not migrate between nuclei in heterokaryons; hybrid cells formed from such heterokaryons contained nuclei in which 3H proteins occupied a sector within the nucleus; "sectored nuclei" could persist for at least 4 days; and the unequal distribution of 3H proteins did not change during DNA synthesis. Electron microscopic examination of hybrid nuclei failed to reveal a physical partition between human and mouse chromosome sets. Sectored nuclei were also observed in synkaryons derived from 3H-arginine-labeled HeLa and unlabeled HeLa cells, indicating that the unequal distribution of 3H-arginine labeled proteins in HeLa-3T3 hybrid cells did not result from species-specific binding of proteins and DNA. The persistent unequal distribution of 3H-arginine labeled proteins within hybrid nuclei in the apparent absence of a barrier between mouse and human chromosomes indicates that histones, the principal 3H arginine-labeled proteins do not dissociate from DNA in vivo. PMID- 7379126 TI - Histone mRNA metabolism during the mouse fibroblast cell cycle. AB - The synthesis of histone mRNA in the nucleus and the eventual appearance of histone mRNA in the cytoplasm of 3T6 Swiss mouse embryo fibroblasts was investigated with a highly labelled cDNA probe complementary to histone mRNA. Very low levels of histone mRNA were found in G1 phase nuclei, with even lower levels in the cytoplasm. At the onset of DNA synthesis, there is a rapid increase in histone mRNA synthesis, with a concomitant increase of histone mRNA in the cytoplasm followed by its decline in both nucleus and cytoplasm on entering the G2 phase of the cell cycle. The decline in the nucleus is much more rapid than in the cytoplasm. PMID- 7379127 TI - Iodine supply to the thyroid gland in the developing chick embryo. AB - During embryonic development of the chick it was found that 81% of the iodine deposited in the egg yolk, principally in the form of iodine, I-, was transferred to the embryo. Changes in plasma iodide levels, [I-], showed that transport is low between days 8 and 9 of incubation ([I-] = 2 micrograms/dl) and increased from day 10 ([I-] = 3 micrograms/dl) to day 20 ([I-] = 77 micrograms/dl). This increase of [I-], coupled with an increase in total blood flow through the thyroid gland, results in an increasing supply of iodide to the thyroid throughout the incubation period. Our results and those of other workers suggest the existence of bidirectional exchanges of iodide between the embryo and the yolk which may be under pituitary control. PMID- 7379129 TI - The differentiation of leaf frog melanophores in culture. AB - During early larval development of mexican leaf frog, Pachymedusa dacnicolor, dermal melanophores are typically black, but a few brown melanophores appear about stage 18. During metamorphic climax brown melanophores begin to dominate and by stage 23 they are the exclusive type. The synthesis of the pigment, a red pteridine-dimer, occurred in the melanophores of organ-cultured back skin isolated from tadpoles. The development of this pigmentation in organ culture was independent of thyroxine at least after the onset of metamorphic climax (stage 19). Isolated melanophores in cell culture conditions proliferated only in the presence of MSH, but even these proliferating melanophores, if derived from larvae of stage 21 or younger, showed no indication of pterorhodin synthesis. Melanophores derived from a stage 22 larva and cultured for 18 days synthesized and deposited pterorhodin. PMID- 7379130 TI - Inverse affects on thymidine incorporation in dissociated blastula cells of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus induced by butanol treatment and fab addition. AB - When dissociated blastula cells of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus were prevented from aggregating by extracting them with 2.5% n-butanol in sea water, they became unable to incorporate labelled thymidine, like over-diluted dissociated cells. If, however, cells were prevented from aggregating by the addition of Fab against plasma membranes, thymidine incorporation was not blocked, but increased compared to that of spontaneously aggregating cells. At the same time amino acid incorporation also increased. PMID- 7379131 TI - Cell surface glycosaminoglycans in normal and leukemic leukocytes. AB - The intracellular and extracellular glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of peripheral leukocytes in normal subjects and leukemic patients were characterized by electrophoresis and enzyme sensitivity. Normal peripheral granulocytes (PMN) are very rich in trypsin removable surface GAGs, while none are present on the surface of leukemic cells in acute myeloid leukemia. The intracellular and extracellular GAGs have also been analysed in the pig and compared to normal pig bone marrow haematopoietic cells. Mysenchymal cells cultured in vitro from marrow matrix and peripheral endothelial cells have also been studied. The results suggest that the exposure of cell surface chondroitin sulphate A is an important step involved in the peripheralisation of PMN. PMID- 7379128 TI - Electrophoretic pattern of polypeptide synthesis in spermatocytes and spermatids of the mouse. AB - The pattern of protein synthesis in different stages of spermatogenesis was examined using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed fluorography. The [3H]leucine labelling was performed by incubating in culture either seminiferous tubules before cell separation or isolated germ cells after fractionation by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity in an albumin gradient. The patterns of soluble polypeptides synthesised in middle-late pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatides (steps 1--8 of spermiogenesis) and intermediate spermatids (steps 9--13) have been compared with each other. Approximately 250 fluorographic spots were detected in middle-late pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids, but only 100 in intermediate spermatids. From the analysis of fluorograms in the three cell stages examined, 5 categories of labelled polypeptides can be identified: (1) those specific of each cell stage; (2) those present in pachytene spermatocytes and early spermatids but absent in intermediate spermatids; (3) polypeptides labelled during spermiogenesis but unlabelled in meiotic cells; (4) polypeptides showing quantitative differences among the three cell types; and finally (5) polypeptides common to the three cell stages. These results are discussed in relation to differential gene expression during spermatogenesis. PMID- 7379132 TI - Graded inhibition of cell disintegration of juvenile hormone. AB - The proventriculus of Galleria mellonella larvae consists of 260-300 polyploid cells. The cells grow throughout larval development and at each ecdysis produce a new cuticular lining of the proventriculus. Each cell secretes a large sclerotized plaque covered with thorns. At the end of the last larval instar, the cells disintegrate unless the larvae is treated with juvenile hormone or implanted with active corpora allata. Depending on the time of treatment and the hormone dose, these insects preserve their proventricular cells to graded degrees. In some cases, the cells continue to grow or at least preserve their full function, in other instances they secrete but small plaques with fewer thorns or a smooth cuticle without any thorns. Very late treatments preserve healthy cells incapable of secreting the cuticle. PMID- 7379133 TI - DNA synthesis in wounded or TMV-infected leaves from sensitive and hypersensitive tobacco plants. AB - After wounding or viral infection, tobacco leaves synthesized DNA, as evidenced by [3H]thymidine incorporation. This synthesis was maximal 22 h after infection or 46 h after wounding. It took place before necrotic lesions appeared in hypersensitive leaves. Effects of wounding or infection was transmitted to non damaged halves of leaves in which they also induced DNA synthesis of similar kinetics but of less magnitude. This synthesis was mostly nuclear but non mitotic. The extent of synthesis varied with the viral inoculum concentration and with the age of the leaves and correlated with the subsequent necrotic reaction. PMID- 7379134 TI - Heterogeneity of nuclear DNA labelling from intact, wounded and virus-infected tobacco leaves. AB - The nuclear DNA of tobacco leaves includes a major and a satellite fraction, with bouyant densities (rho) of 1.696 and 1.706 g/ml, respectively, in neutral CsCl gradients. On preparative ultracentrifugation, the major DNA presents 4 or 5 shoulders with lighter densities, between 1.695 and 1.686 g/ml. This heterogeneity was confirmed by several types of experiments. DNA synthesis after wounding or viral infection did not induce a new component. Specific radioactivity profiles of DNA show a large heterogeneity in [3H]thymidine labelling that confirms the non-mitotic character of this DNA synthesis. Two zones are highly radioactive: the first one corresponds to the major peak dense side of the DNA and the second one to the few dense minor components, leading to a significant increase of their proportion after infection. PMID- 7379135 TI - Protein-bound mono(ADP-ribose) residues in differentiating cells of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Changes in protein-bound mono(ADP-ribose) residues during development of Dictyostelium discoideum were determined. NAD(H) levels and the amounts of the NH2OH resistant and sensitive subfractions of mono(ADPR) were found not to be different between exponentially growing and aggregation-competent cells in which mitosis had ceased. Divergent changes occurred at the differentiation stages following aggregation as indicated by an increase in the ratio of these subfractions from approx. 1 during the growth plase and aggregation competent stage to 2 in the grex, a stage which follows cell aggregation. The fraction of NH2OH sensitive conjugates closely followed the changes in total cellular protein, while the NH2OH resistant ADPR protein conjugates, when based on protein, increased during the stages following aggregation. NAD(H) and NADP(H) levels per unit DNA decreased significantly during this period. The mono(ADPR) to DNA ratio in D. discoideum is comparable to that in proliferating Physarum polycephalum and to non-proliferating adult rat liver. The total amount of mono(ADPR) residues per nucleus is, however, approximately 70-fold higher in the liver, indicating that the quantity of mono(ADPR) residues is more closely related to the size of the eukaryotic genome than to cell proliferation. PMID- 7379137 TI - 3H-glucosamine and 3H-fucose incorporation by murine peritoneal macrophages "non divided" during differentiation in vitro. AB - Normal murine peritoneal macrophages were maintained in culture for 24 hours and 6 days. These cells continuously incorporated 3H-glucosamine and 3H-fucose in their membrane components. For both precursors culture ages, these components may be considered to undergo turnover according to a given rhythm with a 24 hours doubling time. Treatment with neuraminidase did not modify the doubling time, although a slight increase of incorporation of radioactivity was observed. Variations of 3H-fucose and 3H-glucosamine incorporations were observed. Variations of 3H-fucose and 3H-glucosamine incorporations were observed between 24 hours old and 6 days old cultures: 6 days old cultures incorporated more glucosamine than 24 hours old cultures whereas no difference in fucose incorporation was observed between the two cultures. PMID- 7379136 TI - Presence of polysaccharides and proteins in the chromatoid body of mouse spermatids. AB - We have carried out a cytochemical analysis of the chromatoid body employing preferential methods for the detection of basic proteins and polysaccharides. The chromatoid body appears positive after alcoholic PTA staining suggesting a basic protein composition. Vesicles surrounding the chromatoid body appear positive after aqueous PTA and the Thiery procedure. The presence of polysaccharides in the vesicles of the chromatoid body, and a relationship between them and the Golgi complex is suggested. PMID- 7379138 TI - Reversible transport defects of virus membrane glycoproteins in Sindbis virus mutant infected cells. AB - Surface immunofluorescence with anti-envelope serum was used to study the transport of virus membrane glycoproteins in cells infected with temperature sensitive mutants of Sindbis virus. Mutants belonging to complementation group D (ts-10 and ts-23), which have a defect in the envelope protein E1, showed a temperature dependent defect in the transport of the virus glycoproteins to the cell surface. In contrast, cells infected with mutant ts-20, the only representative of complementation group E, with a defect in the pE2 protein, showed reduced surface fluorescence at the restrictive temperature. PMID- 7379139 TI - Gap junctions in the myometrium of hypophysectomized estrogen-treated rats. AB - Gap junctions, which appear in the myometrium at parturition, are believed to permit the flow of ions between smooth muscle-cell interiors thereby facilitating coordinated contractions. Gap junctions are not observed in thin-sectioned myometrium of immature hypophysectomized rats. Following estrogen administration, numerous gap junctions are present suggesting that this hormone is capable of promoting electrotonic coupling in uterine smooth muscle. PMID- 7379140 TI - Discharge of intracellular amino acid pools. AB - Amino acid discharge from a labelled intracellular acid-soluble (acid extractable) pool occurs as a negative exponential, which is not affected by pool size or concentration of amino acid in the chase medium. Simple negative exponentials were observed over the range 7-37 degrees C, but the slopes were dependent on temperature. Discharge kinetics do not appear to be mirror images of the kinetics of uptake into the acid-extractable pool. The results lend particular support to the efferent limb of the cyclical perfusion model of amino acid utilisation proposed by Wheatley and Inglis (1980). PMID- 7379141 TI - [Some changes of the abdominal circumference and of the body-weight in sportswomen during physiological gravidity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379142 TI - [Menarche and coitarche (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379143 TI - [Cytodiagnosis-experience and results]. PMID- 7379144 TI - [Uterine rupture in developing countries]. PMID- 7379145 TI - [Spontaneous disintegration of the IUD in the uterus]. PMID- 7379146 TI - [Consumption coagulopathy in pregnancy]. PMID- 7379147 TI - [An unusual course of a uterine tumor]. PMID- 7379148 TI - [Anti-sperm antibodies in women and functional sterility]. PMID- 7379149 TI - [What shall be done with ascertained precancerous conditions?]. PMID- 7379150 TI - [What shall be done with ascertained precancerous conditions?]. PMID- 7379151 TI - [Comments on the article by E. Broz: "Conization using diathermocoagulation"]. PMID- 7379152 TI - [Comments on the article by E. Broz "Conization using diathermocoagulation"]. PMID- 7379153 TI - [Records for pregnancy as an important source of information for care in the delivery room]. PMID- 7379154 TI - [Redon's suction drainage and decrease in febrile morbidity following abdominal hysterectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379155 TI - [Correlation of diagnostic effectiveness of classical and electromanometric cystometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379156 TI - [Prenatal fetal sex-determination by radioimmunoassay using testosterone kits of Czech provenience (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379157 TI - [A contribution to elucidate the causes of adherent placenta (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379158 TI - [Urinary bladder puncture by the vaginal route for aseptic urine collection for clinical purposes]. PMID- 7379159 TI - [Anaphylactic reaction after digoxin during preoperative preparation]. PMID- 7379160 TI - [Cystis chordae uteroinguinalis (hydrocele femina) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379161 TI - [A rare anomaly of the urogenital system]. PMID- 7379162 TI - [Lisuride in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia]. PMID- 7379163 TI - [What shall be done with ascertained precanceroses?]. PMID- 7379164 TI - [Erotica--a lost dimension of sexuality?]. PMID- 7379165 TI - [The spread of gynecologic endoscopy in Slovakia]. PMID- 7379167 TI - [Surgical treatment of intractable pain in advanced malignant tumors of the face, oral cavity, pharynx and larynx]. PMID- 7379168 TI - [Combined therapy of malignant melanoma of the external ear and the surrounding area]. PMID- 7379166 TI - [Trends in infant mortality in Europe from 1950 to 1977]. PMID- 7379170 TI - [Vestibulotomy in advanced otosclerosis with an overgrown window]. PMID- 7379169 TI - [Manifestations of craniometaphyseal dysplasia in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 7379171 TI - [Results of otosclerosis therapy at the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic in Hradec Kralove by a modification of Schuknecht's method]. PMID- 7379172 TI - [Morphological changes in the stria vascularis after acoustic trauma]. PMID- 7379173 TI - [Functional importance of the morphometry of structures of the inner ear]. PMID- 7379174 TI - [Therapy of laryngeal cancer at the ORL Clinic in Olomouc from 1951-1970]. PMID- 7379176 TI - [Laryngeal endoprostheses]. PMID- 7379175 TI - [Functional results after total laryngectomy with hyoidectomy]. PMID- 7379177 TI - [Diseases of the inner ear due to excessive noise]. AB - Noise causes damage to the auditory system either to excessive kinetic energy, which results in acoustic trauma once the mechanical resistance capacity of internal ear tissues has been exceeded; or else, a long term exposure to noise of non-traumatic intensity can exhaust the sensory cell metabolism to such an extend that numeric atrophy of the auditory neuroepithelium will develop as a result of hyperactivity. Progressive necrosis will develop if Corti's organ barrier against endolymph is broken. The pathomorphological types of auditory organ damage are in agreement with the characteristic functional manifestations found in audiological investigation. PMID- 7379178 TI - [Classification of epithelial odontogenic tumors]. AB - A retrospective series of 31 purely epithelial odontogenic tumours consisted of 21 ameloblastomas, 2 adenomatoid odontogenic tumours, 2 calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumours, and 6 calcifying odontogenic cysts. Modern histological classification gives an accurate picture of some of the structural and biological differences between the above types of tumour. In spite of the, their common basis does result in some of the common features so that the precise classification of the specific tumour may pose problems or give rise to terminological disputes. For practical work it will do in the group of epithelial odontogenic tumours to insist strictly on the basic condition of the absence of either proliferating mesenchyma or hard dental tissues. This requirement naturally leads to the placing of ameloblastic odontoma outside the field of purely epithelial odontongenic tumours. Judging the biological nature of epithelial odontogenic tumours according to their structure is not reliable, a fact brought out by comparisons of ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumours. Rather one could rely on the nature of tumour growth. An evidently carcindependent classification pattern. Suspicion of a higher degree of malignity can be expressed by description. PMID- 7379179 TI - [Classification of epitheliomesenchymal odontogenic tumors]. AB - In a group of 34 epitheliomesenchymal odontogenic tumours no difficulties were encountered in recognizing the seven-member group of ameloblastic fibroma (with ameloblastic odontoma and dentinoma included as variants) as distinct from group of odontomas (ameloblastic o. - 2x, complex o. - 20x, combined o. - 5x) The definition is rather a general one with the distinction of variants only sometimes possible. No ameloblastic fibrosarcoma or ameloblastic odontosarcoma were seen in the group; therefore, the question should be asked whether it is really expedient to keep independent places in the classification for so rare tumours. PMID- 7379180 TI - [Classification of mesenchymal odontogenic tumors]. AB - A retrospective series of 9 purely mesenchymal odontogenic tumours was found to consist of 3 odontogenic fibromas, 2 myxomas, and 4 cementomas including one true benign cementoblastoma and two cementifying fibromas. One as seen to contain a conspicuously blood supplied proliferating fibrous component giving the tumour the appearance of a malignant process though no relapse was noted after the jaw resection. Periapical cement dysplasia was seen in only one case of the group; there was no case of gigantiform cementoma. The problems of mutual differential diagnosis and distinction from osteogenic tumours are subject to discussion. PMID- 7379182 TI - [Hemisphere dominance in relation to fundus of the eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379184 TI - [Drugs and sexual function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379183 TI - [Nurse training for special jobs in psychotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379181 TI - [The morphology of the systemic anaphylactic reaction to bovine serum albumin and ferritin in rabbits. II. Electron microscopic findings]. AB - The picture of rabbit systemic anaphylactic reaction to bovine serum albumin and ferritin is represented by tiny clusters of blood platelets and basophils in the microcirculation of different organs. Also present are signs of damage caused to the endothelium of different vessles, or to some of the blood cells as well as their subsequent breakdown in the liver and spleen. No signs of ferritin antiferritin complex formation were found in the microcirculation of the affected animals. The platelet-ferritin relationship is seen as evidence of the degradation role of the platelets rather than of any specific antigen linkage to the surface of target cells. The above described systemic anaphylactic reaction was rather one of the whole organism than local reaction in the target organ even though many of the canges note there are probably alterations of a non-specific shock nature. No pronounced degranulation of basophils or other granulocytes was found despite the fact that a certain degree of degranulation could be observed. Morphological findings in model in vitro experiments cannot always be identified with findings observed in vivo during systemic anaphylactic reaction. Ha Cs. Patol., 16, 1980, No. 1, p. 5-11. PMID- 7379185 TI - [Borderline states in present-day psychiatry. III. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379186 TI - [Some problems in starting the execution of in-patient protective treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379187 TI - [On the sociological dimensions of alcoholism and its therapy. II. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379188 TI - [The ability of young people to differentiate between non-addictive and addictive stages of the development of alcoholism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379189 TI - [The manner of effect persuasion in the change of attitude (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379190 TI - [Neurotoxicity of lithium. II. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379191 TI - [Health services in a developed socialist society]. PMID- 7379192 TI - [Scientific principles of organization and management of health services]. PMID- 7379193 TI - [Health legislation--a component of the scientific management of health services]. PMID- 7379194 TI - [Critical questions of the further development of the organization of health services in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7379195 TI - [Scientific management of the training of specialists and social medicine]. PMID- 7379196 TI - [Training of medical students in comprehending the social basis of health]. PMID- 7379197 TI - [The position of health education and its scientific trends within the framework of social medicine]. PMID- 7379198 TI - [Scientific medical information as an important factor in research and development]. PMID- 7379199 TI - [Organization and management of Czechoslovak pharmacy]. PMID- 7379200 TI - [The importance of recognizing the effect of subjective factors on health practices]. PMID- 7379201 TI - On the fidelity of DNA synthesis:effects of steroids and intercalating agents. AB - Studies on the fidelity of DNA synthesis in vitro were extended to pharmacological agents that interact non-covalently to DNA. Several steroids, intercalators and cancer chemotherapeutic agents increased the relative frequency of incorrect deoxynucleotide incorporation in the fidelity assay. The relationship between non-covalent interactions with DNA and the decreased fidelity of DNA synthesis in vitro is considered. PMID- 7379202 TI - Interaction of zinc ions with electron carrying coenzymes NADPH and NADH. AB - Evidence is presented that the substrate for the drug oxidizing system, NADPH, binds to zinc ions. Zinc ions bind selectively to NADPH but not to NADH. By using equilibrium gel filtration and acid titrations of Zn2+ and NADPH, the molar ratio of metal to nucleotide was determined at 2 : 1, as well as the formation constant of 10(6.75). Results from 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet and fluorescence spectra of the complex indicated the possible binding sites of zinc to NADPH. In previous studies we have shown that zinc ions inhibit the metabolism of drugs by mixed function oxidases in liver microsomes. The formation of the Zn2+-NADPH complex suggests the mechanism by which zinc ions may inhibit the drug oxidizing system. PMID- 7379203 TI - Probes to study the effect of methyl nitrosourea on ADP-ribosylation and chromatin structure at the subunit level. PMID- 7379204 TI - Decreased levels of ascorbic acid in lung following exposure to oxone. AB - Mice were exposed to concentrations of 20, 40 and 200 ppm ozone in air for 30 min. Ozone exposure decreased lung ascorbic acid levels and increased lung weight by up to 50% in a dose related manner. On incubation in Krebs-phosphate solution, lung slices from mice exposed to 200 ppm ozone released a smaller fraction of their content of ascorbic acid into the medium than did lung slices from control mice, suggesting that there was a preferential loss of extracellular ascorbic acid during oxone exposure. These results are consistent with the proposed function of ascorbic acid as an extracellular antioxidant in lungs. PMID- 7379205 TI - In vitro metabolism of N-nitrosopyrrolidine by rat lung subcellular fractions: alpha-hydroxylation in a non-target tissue. AB - N-Nitrosopyrrolidine is carcinogenic for the liver but not for the lung. Optimal conditions for the metabolism of N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NO-PYR) by rat lung microsomes and post-microsomal supernatant were determined. Neither lung nor liver subcellular fractions were able to form detectable amounts of 3-hydroxyNO PYR. Liver and lung microsomes could only alpha-hydroxylate NO-PYR, and even though the rates of lung reactions were considerably slower than those of liver, similar products were produced by the action of both lung and liver supernatants on microsomal products. The apparent Km for the lung microsome plus supernatant reaction was approx. 20 mM as compared with 0.36 mM for the liver system. Since both the target and non-target tissue extracts could metabolize NO-PYR by the same pathways, we speculate that alpha-hydroxylation of NO-PYR may be a necessary, but not sufficient cause for its carcinogenic actions. PMID- 7379206 TI - Binding specificity of chemically and enzymatically activated anthracycline anticancer agents to nucleic acids. AB - Partial reduction of the quinone containing anticancer drugs, adriamycin and daunorubicin, generated semiquinone intermediates. Incubation of these intermediates with DNA in vitro resulted in covalent binding. The activated adriamycin has a greater binding affinity for nucleic acids, than the daunorubicin intermediate. This covalent binding reaction is essentially complete in 0.5 h. Studies with synthetic polynucleotides have shown a very high preference for poly(dG); however, poly(dC) is also an excellent substrate. Polymers containing either poly(dA) or poly(dT) showed lesser binding. Activation of adriamycin and daunorubicin by microsomes and NADPH also resulted in covalent binding to DNA with identical binding affinities. Longer incubation of these drugs with microsomes decreased binding. This binding is also decreased by Mg2+. PMID- 7379207 TI - Quantum mechanical conformational analysis of heterocyclic analogues of norephedrine. AB - Studies on the conformation of several structural analogues of norephedrine, thiophene, carbazole and furan, were carried out using the differential PCILO method. The erythro-forms of these compounds possess minima on the conformation map corresponding to a gauche conformation with synclinal H-atoms. This result is in good agreement with the proton-proton coupling constants found in previous NMR studies. H-NMR-studies suggest for the threo-isomers of the studied molecules an equilibrium between the trans- and gache-conformations of the ethanolamine chain. Present calculations agree fairly well with this result. All the studied molecules possess conformational minima corresponding to the folded form of the side chain believed responsible for the physiological activity of norephedrine. The distances between "N" and 'O' atoms in this preferred conformation correspond to the model proposed by Kier and Pullman for alpha-adrenergic receptors. PMID- 7379208 TI - Unusual patterns of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites and DNA-benzo[a]pyrene adducts produced by human placental microsomes in vitro. AB - Human placental microsomes were incubated with [3H]benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and Salmon sperm DNA and the resulting metabolite-nucleoside complexes resolved by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. The metabolite pattern was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The incubates were also co-chromatographed with extracts obtained from incubates with rat liver microsomes and [14C] BP. Phenols, quinones and 7,8-dihydrodiol were detected in the placental incubates. Both 9,10- and 4,5 dihydrodiols were very low as compared with control rat liver samples. Placental microsomes catalyzed the binding of BP metabolites to DNA in vitro, giving rise to two main complexes which co-chromatographed with rat liver-produced peaks attributable to 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide and 7,8-oxide and/or quinones when metabolized further. The nucleoside metabolite peaks attributable to 4,5-oxide and 9-phenol-4,5-oxide were lacking when compared with the binding pattern catalyzed by rat liver. Both the total binding and specific metabolite-nucleoside adducts in the placenta correlated with fluorometrically measured aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity and with the amount of dihydrodiol formed. The results demonstrate that both the metabolite pattern and the nucleoside metabolite complexes formed by the placental microsomes in vitro differed greatly from thos produced by rat liver microsomes. These sstudies also suggest that it is not possible to predict specific patterns of DNA binding from AHH measurements or even from BP metabolite patterns, especially when comparing different tissues and species. PMID- 7379209 TI - Incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine into DNA in newborn rat tissues. AB - The incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) into newborn rat tissue DNA has been determined after i.p. injection of 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-[6-3H]uridine. Incorporation of the unchanged nucleoside was shown by hydrolysis and ion exchange chromatography of extracted DNA. In all tissues examined, more than 90% of the radioactivity incorporated was in the form of bromodeoxyuridine. PMID- 7379210 TI - Permeability of lipid bilayers to methylmercuric chloride: quantification by fluorescence quenching of a carbazole-labeled phospholipid. AB - We investigated the permeabilities of lipid bilayers to the neurotoxin methylmercuric chloride (MMC). This mercurial is an efficient collisional quencher of the fluorescence of N-alkyl carbazole derivatives. Quenching of the fluorescence of beta-(3-(9-carbazole)-propionyl-L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (CPA PC) in vesicles of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and of dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine reveal rapid diffusion of MMC in the alkyl side chain regions of these bilayers. By a combination of (1) the lipid concentration dependence of the apparent quenching constants, (2) the solubility of MMC in concentrated lipid dispersions and (3) the 270 MHz proton magnetic resonance of methylmercury in the presence of lipid bilayers we conclude that the lipid-water partition coefficient of this mercurial is less than or equal to two. Using the fluorescence quenching and the partitioning data we estimate the diffusion coefficient of MMC in these bilayers to range from 0.13 to 0.31 X 10(-5) cm2/sec, or 20--47% of its diffusion coefficient in ethanol. These data indicate that lipid bilayers do not pose a significant permeability barrier to the diffusional transport of MMC. PMID- 7379211 TI - Antimitotic activity of dehydroretronecine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolite, and some analogous compounds, in a rat liver parenchymal cell line. AB - The actions of 13 pyrrolic alcohols with similar chemical properties have been tested on cultured liver cells. Two, dehydroretronecine and dehydrosupinidine, were putative metabolites of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids; the remainder were synthetic. All were either mono- or bi-functional alkylating agents. Groups of cells were exposed to the compounds and were later stimulated to divide by changing the medium, then fixed, stained, and the proportions of cells in mitosis counted and compared with those in similarly treated control cells. Eleven compounds partially or completely inhibited cell division at concentrations of 10(-4) M or less. Bifunctional compounds, including dehydroretronecine and 2,3 bis-hydroxymethyl-1-methylpyrrole, had the highest antimitotic activity coupled with lowest cytotoxicity. The least chemically reactive compound, 3-hydroxymethyl 1-methylpyrrole, was neither antimitotic nor cytotoxic, whereas the monofunctional alkylating agents with highest reactivity, such as 3-hydroxymethyl 1,2-dimethylpyrrole, were the most toxic to the cells. The mitotic block occurred at a post-synthetic stage of the cell cycle, and affected cells could grow to a giant size. PMID- 7379212 TI - Effect of acute exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on humoral antibody production in mice. AB - The effect of single dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, 1.2, 6 or 30 micrograms/kg i.p.) on primary humoral antibody production was studied in young adult C57 BL/6J mice. TCDD profoundly suppressed the primary response to thymus-dependent (sheep erythrocytes) and independent (type III pneumococcal polysaccharide) antigens. The inhibitory effect of TCDD was still detectable 42 days after treatment. In contrast, under these experimental conditions, in vitro lymphoproliferative responses to Concanavalin A (Con A) and bacterial lypopolysaccharides and the ability to mediate graft versus host reaction were not significantly affected per unit number of lymphoid cells. PMID- 7379213 TI - The induction of benzo[a]pyrene-3-mono-oxygenase by singlet oxygen in liver cell culture is mediated by oxidation products of histidine. AB - The photochemical generation of excited states of oxygen by the mild illumination of culture medium containing 15 microM riboflavin results in a typical induction of benzo[a]pyrene-3-mono-oxygenase in cell lines derived from liver. However, the induction of the mono-oxygenase is not due to an excited state of oxygen directly activating the inducing mechanism inside the cell but is due to the oxidation of a component of the culture medium forming a stable inducer. The present work unequivocably shows that the component oxidised is histidine. The mild illumination of culture medium containing riboflavin therefore converts a physiological component of the medium which is not normally an inducer of the mono-oxygenase into a compound which is as effective an inducer as the classical inducer. The finding that singlet oxygen will oxidise a cell constituent into a powerful inducer is compatible with the hypothesis that excited states of oxygen and their oxidation products may play a central role in the induction of cytochrome P-450 and associated enzyme activities by many chemically unrelated inducers. PMID- 7379214 TI - Cytotoxic effects of norethindrone-4 beta,5 beta-epoxide to Walker cells in culture and to rat liver in vivo. AB - 1. Norethindrone-4 beta,5 beta-epoxide was toxic to Walker cells in culture. The concentration required to produce a 50% reduction in the increase in cell numbers 72 h after exposure (ID50) was 0.05 mM. In this assay, the parent contraceptive steroid, norethindrone, was at least four times less toxic than the epoxide. 2. Norethandrolone-4 beta,5 beta-epoxide and norethynodrel-5 beta,10 beta-epoxide were as toxic as norethindrone epoxide to the Walker cells. 3. The cytotoxicity of norethindrome epoxide was dependent on the time of exposure of the cells to this compound if excess unreacted epoxide was removed by washing the cells with cysteine. The results are consistant with norethindrone epoxide causing cell death by reacting with sulphydryl groups of cellular proteins. 4. No metabolites toxic to Walker cells could be detected when the cells were incubated with norethindrone, rat liver microsomes and a NADPH generating system. 5. Cells treated with an ID50 of norethindrone epoxide for 1 h showed marked cytoplasmic vacuolation 3 hr after exposure. This vacuolation was much less marked in cells treated with an ID50 of norethindrone or in the controls. Neither group showed any nuclear abnormalities. 6. Norethindrone epoxide when given to rats in large doses (50 mg/kg) by lateral tail vein injection also caused cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration of the liver hepatocytes, especially in the perilobular areas 3 days after dosing. When this compound was administered at a similar dose level via the hepatic portal vein massive haemorrhagic necrosis of the liver resulted. No damage to either lungs or kidneys was evident, irrespective of the route of administration. PMID- 7379215 TI - Inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene metabolic activation in the livers of rats treated with acetylsalicylic acid. PMID- 7379216 TI - [Current radiologic methods of exploration of a chiasmatic syndrome: scanography (tomodensitometry and cisternotomodensitometry) and angiotomography]. PMID- 7379217 TI - [Tomodensitometry and malignant glaucoma]. PMID- 7379218 TI - [Effect of enflurane on intraocular pressure in man]. PMID- 7379219 TI - [Anatomo-clinical study of a case of Tay-Sachs disease]. PMID- 7379221 TI - [Inoculation pars planitis]. PMID- 7379220 TI - [Exudative annular cyclitis]. PMID- 7379222 TI - [Ophthalmologic results of the surgery of craniopharyngioma. Contribution of present excision technics]. PMID- 7379223 TI - [Eye injuries by golf balls]. PMID- 7379224 TI - [Progressive external ophthalmoplegia or ophthalmoplegia plus]. PMID- 7379225 TI - [Chorioretinitis and autoimmunity against the retina. Results]. PMID- 7379226 TI - [Pavement degeneration. Anatomo-pathogenic approach]. PMID- 7379227 TI - [Fluorescein angiography of the papilla in ocular hypertension and glaucoma]. PMID- 7379228 TI - [Our results of photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy after 4 years practice and 236 cases]. PMID- 7379229 TI - [Spontaneous improvement of diabetic retinopathy (clinical case report)]. PMID- 7379230 TI - [Technical realization, indications and results of the use of a lacrimal bicanalicular catheter]. PMID- 7379231 TI - [Subepithelial keratitis with anterior uveitis. Possible role of Chlamydia infections]. PMID- 7379233 TI - [Postinflammatory pseudotumor. Angiographic data]. PMID- 7379232 TI - [2 new cases of optochiasmatic arachnoiditis in the infant and child]. PMID- 7379234 TI - [Effect of Cuppers' fadenoperation on the minimal strabismus angle]. PMID- 7379235 TI - [Evolution of fixation and visual acuity after Cuppers' fadenoperation in resistant strabismus amblyopia]. PMID- 7379237 TI - [The clinical and therapeutic triad in strabismus]. PMID- 7379236 TI - [A black papilla (clinical case report)]. PMID- 7379238 TI - The effect of heparin on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters following burn shock in guinea pigs. AB - The effect of heparin intravenous (IV) infusion (1,200 IV/kg day) on the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to scalding was studied. The burn was produced by immersing an anesthetized guinea pig into 100 degrees C water for 3 seconds, resulting in a full-skin-thickness burn that covered 50% of the body surface area. We found that heparin-treated animals had lower cardiac outputs and carotid artery temperatures 24 hours after the burn than did control animals receiving saline. Heart rates and mean arterial blood pressures did not differ in the heparin-plus-saline and saline-infused animals. The hematocrits and plasma protein concentrations decreased similarly in both groups 8 and 24 hours after the burn. Free fatty acid levels were increased in heparin treated animals, whereas glucose concentrations were comparable. The 48 hour mortality was higher in the heparin-treated group. It appears that in our model, heparin was not of benefit in the immediate recovery after a full-skin-thickness burn. PMID- 7379240 TI - Lung fluid and protein dynamics during hemorrhagic shock, resuscitation, and recovery. AB - Fluid and protein flow across the pulmonary microcirculation was measured during hemorrhagic shock resuscitation and recovery using either blood or crystalloid as the resuscitation fluid. Fluid filtration rate (Qf) and protein permeability were measured using, as reliable indicators, lung lymph flow and lymph protein content in the unanesthetized sheep with chronic lung lymph fistula. During shock, Qf was maintained, probably because of an increase in pulmonary venous resistance. During resuscitation Qf was significantly increased, but no increase in protein permeability was noted. This increase in Qf was not affected by the type of resuscitation fluid, as the decrease in plasma oncotic pressure with crystalloid was compensated for by a decrease in plasma oncotic pressure with crystalloid was compensated for by a decrease in the interstitial oncotic pressure. Crystalloid resuscitation did, however, increase the Qf response to a fluid challenge in the recovery period, whereas blood resuscitation did not. PMID- 7379239 TI - Effect of pentobarbital anesthesia on contractile performance and oxygen consumption of perfused rat heart. AB - Rat hearts were isolated from two groups of animals: I, Control (C); and II, Anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (Nembutal) (P) 5 mg/100 g body weight prior to decapitation and perfused by modified Langendorff-technique. Left ventricular mechanical performance (LVSP, LVPD, dp/dtmax) and O2 consumption of P hearts was identical to that of C hearts. P hearts exhibited significantly lower coronary resistance and higher spontaneous heart rate. During electrical pacing (240--480/min) C and P hearts showed similar increase of mechanical performance. In sharp contrast to C hearts, P hearts were completely insensitive to threefold elevation of perfusate Ca2+ (from 1.3 to 3.9 mM). Experimental results suggest that pentobarbital anesthesia exerts a long-lasting effect on the isolated myocardium, which should be considered if tissues are isolated from animals treated by this drug. PMID- 7379241 TI - Effects of "paradoxical" systolic fiber stretch on ischemic myocardial contracture, compliance, and contractility in the rabbit. PMID- 7379242 TI - Role of adenosine in local control of intestinal circulation in the dog. PMID- 7379244 TI - Cardiovascular reflexes resulting from capsaicin-stimulated gastric receptors in anesthetized dogs. PMID- 7379243 TI - Basis of pH-independent inhibitory effects of lactate on 45Ca movements and responses to KCl and PGF2 alpha in canine coronary arteries. PMID- 7379245 TI - Procainamide delivery to ischemic canine myocardium following rapid intravenous administration. PMID- 7379246 TI - The dynamics of the lung fluid filtration system in dogs with edema. PMID- 7379247 TI - Different electrophysiological responses of canine endocardium and epicardium to combined hyperkalemia, hypoxia, and acidosis. PMID- 7379248 TI - Interaction between Na+,K+ exchanges and the direct inhibitory effect of acetylcholine on canine femoral arteries. PMID- 7379250 TI - Effects of atrial pacing on atrio-sinus conduction and overdrive suppression in the isolated rabbit sinus node. PMID- 7379249 TI - Chronic lability of arterial pressure produced by destruction of A2 catecholaminergic neurons in rat brainstem. PMID- 7379253 TI - Comments on "cardiotonic activity of amrinone-win 40680 [5-amino-3-4'-bypyridin 6(1H)-one]". PMID- 7379254 TI - Toward more specific aldosterone antagonists. A radioreceptor assay approach. PMID- 7379252 TI - Lack of nonexcretory renal influences on hemodynamics and fluid volume distribution after the volume loading of conscious dogs. PMID- 7379251 TI - Hypoxic contraction of isolated canine coronary artery. Mediation by potassium dependent exocytosis of norepinephrine. AB - Effects of hypoxia on arterial tone, efflux of potassium, and efflux of norepinephrine were monitored for isolated canine coronary arteries labeled with radioactive potassium (42K) and norepinephrine (3HNE). Hypoxia elicited transient relaxation and subsequent sustained contraction accompanied by marked increases in the effluxes of 42K and 3HNE. After sympathetic nerve injury with 6 hydroxydopamine or cold storage, arteries responded to hypoxia with sustained relaxation. Sustained relaxation occurred also after pretreatment with L propranolol, but not with D-propranolol or phentolamine. Inhibition of hypoxic contraction by L-propranolol did not alter 42K or 3HNE efflux. Colchicine, an inhibitor of the exocytosis of NE, suppressed hypoxic 3HNE efflux and contraction, but not 42K efflux. Proadifen inhibited 42K and 3HNE efflux as well as contraction. During proadifen-inhibited 42K efflux, exogenous K+ augmented overflow of 3HNE, indicating that proadifen relaxed the hypoxic artery primarily by inhibiting K+-dependent exocytosis of NE. The ratio of NE to dopamine beta hydroxylase activity was similar in effluents from oxygenated arteries exposed to elevated K+ concentrations and in effluents from hypoxic arteries. Thus, hypoxia evoked exocytotic release of norepinephrine which promoted contraction by a beta adrenergic mechanism. PMID- 7379256 TI - Insulin receptor autoantibodies. Clinical and molecular aspects. PMID- 7379257 TI - Peripheral production of angiotensin II and III in sheep. AB - The present experiments have allowed the calculation of concentrations of angiotensin I, II, and III in arterial and central venous blood. Assuming that endogenous arterial angiotensin II and III are handled as reflected by exogenous infusion, it can be calculated that 55% of the steady state arterial concentration of angiotensin II has arisen in passage across the peripheral vascular bed, that 40% of angiotensin III is also produced there, and that the arterial concentration of angiotensin III is 42% of the arterial concentration of angiotensin II. PMID- 7379255 TI - Intimal lesions in rat caudal artery. Ablation, replacement, and receptor studies on the protective effects of estrogen. AB - The incidence of spontaneous lesions of the intima in the rat caudal artery is significantly higher in male than in female Wistar rats at 12 weeks of age. After gonadectomy at 5 weeks, lesions in both sexes at 12 weeks reach a level intermediate between those seen in age-matched intact males and females. After gonadectomy at 5 weeks, lesions in both male and female rats are unaffected by testosterone administration but are reduced to below female control levels by diethylstilbestrol. In contrast, diethylstilbestrol administration does not significantly reudce lesion incidence in intact male rats. Binding studies provided no evidence of estrogen-binding sites in cytosol from caudal arteries, but heart and kidney cytosols from both male and female rats contain a single class of high affinity (10(-10)M) binding sites with specificity characteristic of estrogen receptors. Longitudinal studies (4-11 weeks of age) provided no evidence for a change in receptor profile as a factor contributing to the increased lesion incidence in mature male rats. PMID- 7379258 TI - Norepinephrine kinetics in patients with idiopathic autonomic insufficiency. AB - The rates of norepinephrine release into plasma and removal from plasma were studied in patients with idiopathic peripheral autonomic insufficiency (sympathetic neuronal dysfunction), as it was thought that plasma norepinephrine concentration alone inadequately quantifies the degree of sympathetic nervous underactivity in this disorder. In four patients with autonomic insufficiency, clearance of norepinephrine from the circulation was slowed, 1.69 +/- 0.44 liters/min, compared with 2.80 +/- 0.73 liters/min in 10 normal subjects (P less than 0.05). As a consequence, despite a 60% lower norepinephrine apparent secretion rate, 0.19 +/- 0.12 microgram/m2 per min vs. 0.54 +/- 0.20 microgram/m2 per min, the plasma norepinephrine concentration was near normal. The plasma concentration of neurotransmitter does not provide a valid index of sympathetic nervous tone in this disorder in which removal of norepinephrine from the circulation is slowed. PMID- 7379259 TI - Cardiovascular receptors. Molecular, pharmacological, and therapeutic aspects. PMID- 7379260 TI - Some statistical methods useful in circulation research. AB - Some statistical techniques for analyzing the kinds of studies typically reported in Circulation Research are described. Particular emphasis is given to the comparison of means from more than two populations, the joint effect of several experimentally controlled variables, and the analysis of studies with repeated measurements on the same experimental units. PMID- 7379262 TI - The normal human magnetocardiogram. II. A multipole analysis. AB - This paper presents a multipole analysis of the QRS complex of the normal magnetocardiogram (MCG) of six normal subjects. The multipole strengths up to the octupole term were determined from the measured distribution of the z-component of the cardiac magnetic field (the component perpendicular to the frontal plane). This equivalent magnetic multipole generator was found to represent the cardiac magnetic field with a minimum error of less than 10%. The dipolar term of the expansion was found to represent the field distribution with reasonable accuracy early during ventricular activation, whereas late during activation, the higher multipole terms were clearly more significant. PMID- 7379261 TI - Apparent improvement in canine collateral myocardial blood flow during vasodilation depends on criteria used to identify ischemic myocardium. PMID- 7379263 TI - Structure of the freeze-fractured sarcolemma in the normal and anoxic rabbit myocardium. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the ultrastructure of the sarcolemma in the normal and severely anoxic rabbit heart with the technique of freeze fracture. Severe anoxia and subsequent reoxygenation cause a significant decrease (31%) in intramembranous particles (IMP) in the P face of the membrane and a 25% decrease in the E face. P face IMP's are severely aggregated. The decrease in density and the redistribution of IMP's indicate a severely altered lipoprotein structure of the sarcolemma. In addition, the necks of caveolae open and the caveolae become flattened in the plane of the membrane. With reoxygenation, many rupture. Spherical projections of cytoplasmic vesicles appear in the membrane (possibly of sarcoplasmic reticulum or lysosomal origin) and also can be seen to rupture after reoxygenation. When glucose is present in the perfusate, it affords some protection against these structural defects. We propose that the fragmentation or holes in the sarcolemma reported in severe anoxia are directly related to the structural changes reported in this study. PMID- 7379264 TI - End-systolic pressure-volume relation estimated from physiologically loaded cat papillary muscle contractions. PMID- 7379265 TI - The significance of the intact pericardium for cardiac performance in the dog. PMID- 7379266 TI - Epicardial phenol interrupts refractory period responses to sympathetic but not vagal stimulation in canine left ventricular epicardium and endocardium. PMID- 7379267 TI - Regional myocardial blood flow during graded treadmill exercise following circumflex coronary artery occlusion in the dog. PMID- 7379268 TI - Flow through collapsible tubes at low Reynolds numbers. Applicability of the waterfall model. AB - The applicability of the waterfall model was tested using the Starling resistor and different viscosities of fluids to vary the Reynolds number. The waterfall model proved adequate to describe flow in the Starling resistor model only at very low Reynolds numbers (Reynolds number less than 1). Blood flow characterized by such low Reynolds numbers occurs only in the microvasculature. Thus, it is inappropriate to apply the waterfall model indiscriminately to flow through large collapsible veins. PMID- 7379269 TI - Intrinsic innervation of the canine heart. Effects on conduction in the atrium, atrioventricular node, and proximal bundle branch. PMID- 7379271 TI - Instantaneous femoral artery pressure-flow relations in supine anesthetized dogs and the effect of unilateral elevation of femoral venous pressure. PMID- 7379270 TI - Central nervous system mechanisms involving GABA influence arterial pressure and heart rate in the cat. PMID- 7379272 TI - The next 30 years--will the progress continue? PMID- 7379273 TI - Aortic input impedance in normal man: relationship to pressure wave forms. PMID- 7379274 TI - The reproducibility of radionuclide angiographic measurements of left ventricular function in normal subjects at rest and during exercise. PMID- 7379275 TI - Right ventricular ejection fraction during exercise in normal subjects and in coronary artery disease patients: assessment by multiple-gated equilibrium scintigraphy. PMID- 7379278 TI - Body surface distribution of electrical potential during atrial depolarization and repolarization. AB - Limited information is available documenting body surface isopotential distributions during atrial excitation and recovery. To expand the current data base, body surface isopotential maps from 40 normal subjects were examined. Data were acquired at a gain of 10,000 and isopotential distributions constructed at 2 msec intervals from the onset of the P wave to the onset of the QRS complex. During the initial half of the P wave, a left midprecordial maximum dominated the distribution. Negative potentials existed over the upper back. Subsequently, the maximum migrated to the left; negative potentials moved into precordial areas. Near the end of the P wave, the maximum shifted to the left back as a minimum evolved over the midprecordium. This minimum increased in intensity and remained stationary throughout the PR segment. These patterns are consistent with previously reported epicardial records from canine preparations documenting initial right and then left atrial activation, and repolarization beginning before the end of excitation and enveloping much of the posterior atrial epicardium with low-level positive potential. All distributions had but a single maximum and/or minimum, consistent with a single dipole equivalent cardiac generator. PMID- 7379276 TI - Evolution of left ventricular dysfunction in coronary artery disease. Serial cineangiographic studies without surgery. PMID- 7379279 TI - Use of digitalis in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7379277 TI - Regional coronary hemodynamic effects of ergonovine in patients with and without variant angina. PMID- 7379280 TI - Effects of changes in ventricular size on regional and surface QRS amplitudes in the conscious dog. PMID- 7379281 TI - Histology of the persistent ductus arteriosus in cases of congenital rubella. AB - Histologic study of the persistent ductus arteriosus in case of a congenital rubella syndrome revealed that this persistency is probably due to an arrest in the development of the ductus. Histologically, it resembles a very immature ductus and not the most common type of persistent ductus arteriosus. The earlier finding, that in the human ductus arteriosus, the presence of an extensive subendothelial elastic lamina is incompatible with anatomic sealing, still holds. PMID- 7379283 TI - Effects of amrinone on myocardial energy metabolism and hemodynamics in patients with severe congestive heart failure due to coronary artery disease. AB - Amrinone has been shown to exhibit a potent inotropic effect in patients with heart failure secondary to congestive cardiomyopathy, but its effects on myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and coronary blood flow (CBF) are unknown. Accordingly, the hemodynamic, myocardial metabolic and ECG responses to amrinone (2.5 mg/kg i.v. over 1 hour) were measured in nine patients with congestive heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease. Increases were observed in cardiac index (1.3 +/- 0.4 to 2.2 +/- 0.7 l/min/m2) and left ventricular stroke work (10.6 +/- 3.0 to 19.2 +/- 6.3 g-m/m2), and decreases in mean pulmonary wedge (31 +/- 5 to 26 +/- 4 mm Hg), mean pulmonary artery (44 +/- 8 to 36 +/- 7 mm Hg) and mean right atrial pressures (18 +/- 4 to 10 +/- 4 mm Hg), myocardial arteriovenous oxygen difference (129 +/- 19 to 109 +/- 17 ml/l), CBF (215 +/- 117 to 178 +/- 84 ml/min) and MVO2 (27 +/- 14 to 19 +/- 9 ml/min). All changes were significant (p less than 0.01). No significant changes occurred in aortic mean pressure, heart rate, myocardial lactate extraction or ECG, and no patient developed angina. In explaining the decline in MVO2, it is possible that the increase in contractility was more than offset by the reductions in preload and afterload. The amrinone-induced hemodynamic improvement in patients with congestive heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease was associated with reductions in MVO2 and CBF and no evidence of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7379284 TI - Hemodynamic determinants of prognosis of aortic valve replacement in critical aortic stenosis and advanced congestive heart failure. PMID- 7379282 TI - Effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on atrioventricular conduction in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - Three hundred fifty-eight of 429 (83%) consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and a normal PR interval received various antiarrhythmic drugs (AD), including lidocaine and/or procainamide, quinidine, digoxin, propranolol or disopyramide. There was no significant difference in the incidence of progression to any degree of atrioventricular (AV) block or to higher degrees of AV block (Mobitz II or third-degree AV block) between those treated and not treated with AD: 38 of 358 (11%) and six of 358 (1.7%) with AD vs 11 of 71 (15%) and two of 71 (2.8%) in the untreated group, respectively. Similarly, there was no significant difference in progression between treated and untreated patients with anterior MI, 14 of 144 (10%) vs five of 32 (16%); inferior MI, 21 of 111 (19%) vs five of 26 (19%), or subendocardial MI, three of 103 (3%) vs one of 12 (8%). Bundle branch block (BBB) (without AV block) was initially present in 89 of 249 (21%). The incidence of AV block (seven of 24, 30%) was higher in treated patients with newly acquired BBB (27 patients) than in the untreated patients (none of three, p less than 0.05). The commonly used ADs did not adversely affect AV conduction in patients with acute MI with narrow QRS and either normal, first-degree, or Mobitz I AV block. Moreover, no subset of patients grouped by infarct location, specific AD used, or BBB (except perhaps for those with newly acquired BBB) appeared to be at risk of development of AV block during AD therapy. PMID- 7379285 TI - Beneficial effects of hydralazine on rest and exercise hemodynamics in patients with chronic severe aortic insufficiency. AB - We studied the effects of afterload reduction in chronic severe aortic insufficiency by measuring the hemodynamic response to oral hydralazine in 10 consecutive patients. Hemodynamics were also measured during maximal exercise in eight of these patients. At rest, hydralazine reduced pulmonary artery wedge pressure from 14 to 9 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), and increased cardiac index by 70% and stroke volume index by 35% (both p less than 0.001). Before hydralazine, pulmonary artery wedge pressure exceeded 20 mm Hg in five patients during maximal exercise; with hydralazine, at identical levels of exercise, pulmonary artery wedge pressure remained below 20 mm Hg in all patients. For the group, hydralazine reduced pulmonary artery wedge pressure from 21 to 12 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) and increased cardiac index by 31% (p less than 0.05) during exercise; changes in stroke volume index were more variable and there was no significant increase for the group, although several patients increased stroke volume substantially and the overall increase was 34%. These data show that afterload reduction has beneficial effects on cardiac performance in chronic severe aortic insufficiency both at rest and during exercise. Hydralazine may be of use in such patients either in preparation for valve replacement or as interim therapy. PMID- 7379286 TI - Cryothermal mapping and cryoablation in the treatment of refractory cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 7379288 TI - Digitalis and myocardial infarction in man. AB - The use of digitalis after acute myocardial infarction is controversial. The effect of digoxin on computer-quantitated thallium-201 perfusion scintigrams (Tl 201), left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), and percentage of abnormally contracting LV regions (% ACR) was determined in 23 patients. A correlation was established between creatine kinase MB isoenzyme release and initial radionuclide gated blood pool wall motion estimates of EF (r = -0.73) and % ACR (r = 0.71). After radionuclide assessments, 14 patients received digoxin 18 +/- 23 hours (mean +/- SD) after the rise in CK-MB from baseline, while the remaining nine patients served as controls. In the control group, the mean EF was 0.33 +/- 0.12 on the first study and 0.30 +/- 0.08 on the second study (p = NS). In the digoxin group, the EF after digoxin administration (mean 0.33 +/- 0.11) was significantly different from the initial EF (mean 0.29 +/- 0.09, p less than 0.03); however, digoxin had no apparent effect on infarct size as assessed by sequential % ACR and Tl-201 perfusion data. These data indicate that digoxin resulted in a minimal but significant improvement in EF that did not occur at the expense of LV perfusion or regional wall motion. PMID- 7379287 TI - Reproducibility of local activation times during intraoperative epicardial mapping. PMID- 7379290 TI - The association between urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure in children. AB - This study explored the association between sodium excretion and blood pressure (BP). A new method was used to minimize the measurement error introduced by the large intrinsic variability of 24-hour sodium excretion. The ratio of intra- to interindividual variation was used to estimate the number of measurements needed to characterize the individual. When seven consecutive 24-hour samples were collected from 73 children, ages 11-14 years, a significant correlation between mean individual sodium excretion and BP was demonstrated. The independent relationship persisted when controlling for height, weight, pulse, age, sex and race (p = 0.045), but was eliminated by simultaneously considering mean creatinine excretion. Although the cross-sectional association described is quantitatively weak, a linear relationship between BP and sodium over the range consumed in this society could be important for prevention. PMID- 7379291 TI - Technique for decreasing the volume of liquid radioactive organic waste. PMID- 7379289 TI - Fontan procedure for tricuspid atresia. AB - A Fontan procedure has been performed on 29 patients for tricuspid valvular atresia. The age range was 8 months to 33 years (median 10 years), the pulmonary vascular resistance ranged from 1.8-6.1 units . m2 (mean 3.3 units . m2), and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure ranged from 13-45 mm Hg (mean 21 mm Hg). Twenty nine previous operations had been performed in 23 patients. Fourteen other associated cardiopulmonary anomalies were present in 12 patients. There were four hospital deaths (13.8%), all in patients with complicating features. Among the last 22 consecutive patients who have undergone operation, one died (4.5%). Complete atrioventricular block necessitated pacemaker implantation in one patient. No late deaths occurred. Of the 19 patients followed 3 months or more from the time of operation, eight have no restriction of exercise capacity, nine have only mild restriction, and two have a poor result. The Fontan approach to tricuspid atresia has several theoretical advantages over previously used shunts or pulmonary artery banding, the operative mortality in patients who have suitable anatomy and hemodynamics is low, and the results have been good. PMID- 7379294 TI - Linear regression analysis by Deming's method. PMID- 7379293 TI - Urinary oxalate indirectly determined by continuous-flow analysis for calcium. PMID- 7379295 TI - Factitious hyperuricemia caused by above-normal globulins. PMID- 7379297 TI - Clinical laboratory accidents, and some recommended remedies. PMID- 7379296 TI - Temperature control in assay of glycosylated hemoglobins. PMID- 7379298 TI - Response of creatine kinase isoenzymes to a new creatine kinase immunoinhibition test kit. PMID- 7379292 TI - Pitfalls in the use of serum iron concentration in diagnosis of anemia. PMID- 7379301 TI - Effects of heat and pH on radioimmunoassay and activity of prostatic acid phosphatase compared. PMID- 7379300 TI - Creatine kinase isoenzyme BB concentration in serum as a marker of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7379299 TI - Transient hyperphosphatasemia of infancy: four new cases, and a suggested etiology. PMID- 7379302 TI - A coupled-enzyme equilibrium method for measuring urea in serum: optimization and evaluation of the AACC study group on urea candidate reference method. AB - We describe a coupled-enzyme equilibrium method for measuring urea in serum, which is performed on supernates prepared by treating each specimen with Ba(OH)2 and ZnSO4 (Somogyi reagent). Analytical recovery of [14C]urea added to a variety of matrices was essentially complete (mean, 100.6%) for the supernates after precipitation. Nine variables were univariately examined in arriving at the reaction conditions for the method: glutamate dehydrogenase, urease, 2 oxoglutarate, ADP, Tris . HCI, NADH, EDTA, pH, and temperature. The reagent is stable for at least 48 days at--20 degrees C and for 23 days at 4 degrees C. Mean analytical recovery of urea (14 mmol/L) added to seven different specimens (three different matrices) was 100.8%. The analytical linear range of the method extends to 30 mmol of urea per liter. Of 22 potential interferents, only bilirubin at 1 mmol/L (580 mg/L), hemoglobin at 10 g/L, and hydroxyurea at 6 mmol/L showed more than 2% interference. We discuss precision and effects of specimen dilution, and compare results for 100 human serum specimens with those measured for the same specimens with four other urea methods. We examined the effects of measuring a blank, consisting of sample and reagent without urease, with each specimen. PMID- 7379303 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of urinary oxalate with oxalate oxidase prepared from moss. AB - A novel spectrophotometric enzymic procedure for estimating oxalic acid in urine is described. Oxalate oxidase, prepared from moss species, converts oxalic acid to hydrogen peroxide and carbon dioxide. Hydrogen peroxide is determined enzymatically with horseradish peroxidase, by oxidative coupling of 3-methyl-2 benzothiazolinone hydrazone with N,N-dimethylaniline; the resulting indamine due is determined spectrophotometrically at 595 nm. Interfering substances are removed by adsorption to ion-exchange resins and oxidation with charcoal, thus avoiding oxalate recovery problems accompanying oxalate isolation. The procedure is rapid, sensitive, linear, and precise. Results agreed well with those obtained with a widely used chemical technique. PMID- 7379304 TI - Improved serum-initiated aspartate aminotransferase assay by inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase with oxamate. AB - We describe a serum-inititated aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) assay that obviates the need for added lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) in the reagent system. Interference from the oxidation of NADH by endogeneous lactate dehydrogenase is eliminated by adding sodium oxamate, a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. The advantages of oxamate inhibition over lactate dehydrogenase addition are a shorter preincubation period, an increase in the linear range from less than 600 to more than 1400 U/L, no interference from above-normal concentrations of ketoacids, and elimination of bias between serum-initiated and the standard oxoglutarate-initiated assays for aspartate aminotransferase. PMID- 7379305 TI - Liquid-chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of phenytoin and 5 (4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin in plasma and urine. AB - We describe a liquid-chromatographic assay for phenytoin and its para hydroxylated metabolite, 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin, in plasma and urine. Unlike previously reported methods, this procedure is sensitive enough to allow quantitation of the unconjugated metabolite in plasma at concentrations observed clinically (50-500 microgram/L). Simultaneous measurements of the drug and its metabolite in plasma and urine may be helpful in explaining changes in the apparent clearance of phenytoin, assumed to occur through its metabolite. The method may also be used, without modification, for analysis for phenobarbital and carbamazepine in plasma. The accuracy of our method for these three drugs was assessed for 25 months in quality-assurance program for determining drug concentrations. Regression slopes for measured vs reported values for phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine were 1.02, 0.99, and 0.99, respectively. PMID- 7379306 TI - Hypophosphatasia (adult form): quantitation of serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme activity in a large kindred. AB - We used heat inactivation, L-phenylalanine inhibition, and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel and cellulose acetate membranes--with and without use of specific antisera against the liver-bone, intestinal, and placental isoenzymes- to distinguish and quantitate the different alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in sera from 23 adult members of a kindred affected by the adult form of hypophosphatasia. Nine subjects had values for total activity more than two standard deviations below the mean values for age- and sex-matched normal persons. Bone isoenzyme was diminished in all nine, whereas liver isoenzyme was subnormal in only four. Phosphoethanolamine and phosphoserine in the urine of eight hypophosphatasemic individuals correlated inversely with both total and liver alkaline phosphatase activity in their serum, but not with the activity of the bone isoenzyme. Total activity in the serum of adult kindred members correlated best with the circulating liver isoenzyme activity. The findings suggest that altered hepatic metabolism is responsible for the increased urinary excretion of phosphoethanolamine, and perhaps phosphoserine, in hypophosphatasia. PMID- 7379307 TI - Creatine kinase radioimmunoassay and isoenzyme electrophoresis compared in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. AB - We compared, in 116 patients, the relative usefulness of results of tests for creatine kinase B isoenzymes, as measured by radioimmunoassay, and the MB isoenzyme, as measured by electrophoresis, in diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The radioimmunoassay was specific for isoenzymes of creatine kinase containing the B subunit. All patients with acute transmural infarcts had positive test results by both techniques, but concentrations of B-isoenzymes were more frequently above normal than were MB bands in the case of patients with acute subendocardial infarcts and in the case of all patients with acute myocardial infarcts from whom sera were collected more than 24 h after onset of chest pain. Concentrations of B-isoenzymes also were increased, even when MB bands were not electrophoretically detectable, in specimens from several patients without documented actue myocardial infarcts. These abnormal results presumably were caused by increased concentrations of the BB isoenzyme in serum. Accordingly, an increased concentration of B-isoenzymes had less diagnostic specificity and predictive value for acute myocardial infarction than did a detectable MB band. Results of isoenzyme electrophoresis were more reliable for establishing this diagnosis, but the results of radioimmunoassay were more reliable for excluding it in patients with chest pain as the primary symptom. PMID- 7379308 TI - Serum gastrins in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: identification of localized disease. AB - We determined the relative concentrations of gastrin molecular species in serum samples from 21 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with localized gastrinoma (n = 11) or gastrinoma with hepatic metastases (n = 10). Gastrin molecular species were separated by gel-filtration chromatography and quantitated by radioimmunoassay with a gastrin antiserum produced in our laboratory. The percentage gastrin-17 of the total gastrin in the two groups differed significantly (nonparametric Wilcoxon rank test; p less than 0.01). Patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with apparently localized gastrinoma had a lower percentage of G- 17 (7.6%, SEM 1.6%) than did patients with gastrinoma with hepatic metastases (31.1%, SEM 6.1%). This procedure may be useful in the early classification of tumors in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. PMID- 7379309 TI - A semi-automatic enzymic method for estimating urinary oxalate. AB - A two-enzyme method is presented for estimating urinary oxalate by continuous flow analysis. Oxalate is decarboxylated, yielding formate, which is subsequently oxidized in the presence of NAD+, yielding NADH. The NADH, measured colorimetrically, is proportional to the amount of oxalate originally present in the sample. Urine is pretreated by precipitation of the oxalate and extraction of the precipitate in citrate buffer. A correction factor for the extraction efficiency is given by the recovery of [U-14C]oxalic acid added to aliquots of the 24-h urine specimen. The normal range obtained by this method was 0.20 to 0.52 mmol/24h (18 to 47 mg/24h) with a mean value of 0.37 mmol/24 h (33 mg/24h). The between-assay CV was 7.6% (n = 12), within-assay CV 3.2% (N = 25). Unlabeled oxalate (0.5 and 1.0 mol/L) added to 28 urine samples gave a mean analytical recovery of 95% (SD 10%). PMID- 7379311 TI - Applicability of various quality-control sera to assay of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. AB - Effective internal quality control and external quality assessment of high density lipoprotein cholesterol assay is made difficult by analyte instability, and the suitability of quality-control sera for this purpose has not been studied. We have therefore investigated the properties of 25 different control sera from 15 suppliers by estimating within-batch precision for the two precipitation procedures used most widely (phosphotungstate/Mg2+ and heparin/Mn2+ with enzymic measurement of cholesterol. Some sera had properties similar to those of fresh human serum, but others demonstrated poor precision for one or both procedures or contained apparent high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in unphysiological concentrations. A study of six sera indicated that between-batch precision was consistent with the within-batch findings. We found that eight of the 25 batches of quality-control serum we investigated may be used for internal quality control and external quality assessment of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol assay. PMID- 7379310 TI - Mechanized amidolytic technique for determination of factor X and factor-X antigen, and its application to patients being treated with oral anticoagulants. AB - We describe a mechanized chromogenic assay for factor X, the results of which correlate well with those for the one-stage clotting assays for factor X in which it is activated either via the extrinsic pathway by thromboplastin or directly by Russell's viper venom. We purified human factor X and raised monospecific antibodies to it in rabbits. We used our chromogenic assay for factor X to develop a factor-X-inhibitor neutralization assay for determination of factor-X antigen. Patients receiving oral anticoagulant treatment had significantly different factor-X activities after activation via thromboplastin or with Russell's viper venom. The concentration of factor-X antigen, although decreased, significantly exceeded factor-X clotting activity or chromogenic activity in this group of patients. Results of the chromogenic assay for factor X correlated well with results of "Thrombotest," a clotting test introduced by Owren (Lancet ii: 754, 1959) to control anticoagulant therapy. For patients taking oral anticoagulant drugs, the therapeutic range by our assay is 180 to 300 units/L. PMID- 7379312 TI - Evidence for dopamine as an inhibitor of vasoprotein release in man. AB - The effect of dopamine on vasopressin release was studied by the infusion of L Dopa, a dopamine precursor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. L-Dopa suppressed resting levels of vasopressin and inhibited the rise of vasopressin produced by head-up tilt. Carbidopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor that does not cross the blood-brain barrier blocked the action of L-Dopa. These results suggest that dopamine inhibits the release of vasopressin, either by an action at pituitary level or at the median eminence of the hypothalamus. PMID- 7379314 TI - An assessment of glucose intolerance in acromegaly and its response to medical treatment. PMID- 7379313 TI - Size reduction of a prolactin secreting adenoma during long-term treatment with the dopamine agonist lisuride. AB - A 38-year-old amenorrhoeic woman suffering from a prolactin (PRL) secreting adenoma, which had suprasellar extension as shown by caroe agonist (lisuride). PRL levels were lowered and after 1 year of treatment CAT showed a marked reduction of the tumour size. After 2 years of treatment menstruation returned and CAT demonstrated a further reduction of the adenomatous tissue. This study supports the suggestion that dopamine agonists possess an anti-proliferative effect on tumoural lactotrophic cells of humans. PMID- 7379315 TI - Dynamics of serum rT3 and 3,3'-T2 during rT3 infusion in patients treated for thyrotoxicosis with propylthiouracil or methimazole. AB - rT3 metabolism in patients treated for thyrotoxicosis with prophylthiouracil (PTU), or methimazole (MMI) was studied by infusion of rT3 and measurements of the increase in serum rT3 and serum 3,3'-diiodothyronine. The results indicate that the high serum rT3 observed during treatment with PTU is not due to an increase in rT3 production, but to a decrease in the metabolic clearance rate of rT3. rT3 infusion was followed by an increase in serum 3,3'-T2 which was similar whether PTU or MMI was given. However, after stopping rT3 infusion there was a more rapid fall serum 3,3'-T2 during MMI treatment, compatible with an inhibitory effect of PTU on 3,3'-T2 degradation. PMID- 7379316 TI - Epidemiology of acromegaly in the Newcastle region. AB - In an attempt to derive estimates of the incidence and prevalence of acromegaly a survey of the population in the area served by the former Newcastle Regional Hospital Board has been conducted to detect cases of acromegaly alive after 1 January 1960 and diagnosed before 31 December 1971. Cases were detected by means of letters to general practitioners, hospital physicians, neurosurgeons and to hospital records officers, as well as from death certificates. From the population of 3.1 millions a firm diagnosis of acromegaly was made in 164 patients, in eighty-one on clinical grounds alone and in eighty-three with confirmation by assay of human growth hormone (hGH). The annual incidence of acromegaly appears to be close to three cases per million and the prevalence of diagnosed cases up to forty cases per million. In male acromegalics there was a significant increase in the risk of death from cardiovascular, cerebrovascular respiratory and malignant diseases but in females from cerebrovascular disease only. PMID- 7379318 TI - Pituitary and testicular fibrosis in association with retroperitoneal fibrosis. AB - A patient is discussed who originally presented with retroperitoneal fibrosis, and subsequently developed both pituitary fibrosis and testicular fibrosis. Replacement of testicular tissue by fibrosis has not previously been described in this condition, while we have only been able to find a single previous report of pituitary fibrosis. Fibrous replacement of testis and pituitary should be considered as a further manifestation of the midline fibrosing syndrome. PMID- 7379317 TI - Vasopressin concentrations in the neonatal period. AB - Vasopressin concentrations were measured in the cord blood of thirty infants, thirteen delivered vaginally and seventeen by Caesarean section. There was no correlation with maternal values but the concentration following vaginal delivery (13.5 microunits/ml +/- 7.9 SD) was significantly higher than that following Caesarean section (4.2 microunits/ml +/- 6.6 SD). Gestational age did not affect the concentrations, which fell during the first week of life and then rose gradually in term and pre-term infants. High levels were found in seven sick babies. There was no correlation in the first 3 weeks of life between plasma vasopressin and plasma or urine osmolality in well and sick babies. PMID- 7379323 TI - [Fundamental study and clinical application of SPAC cortisol kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379321 TI - [Therapeutic and pathophysiologic consideration on diabetic microangiopathy from the view point of the blood rheology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379320 TI - Familial male pseudohermaphroditism due to deficiency of 5 alpha-reductase. AB - Two brothers of Greek Cypriot origin, karyotype 46 XY, aged 17 and 19 years were brought up as females because of predominantly female external genitalia with clitoromegaly and urogenital sinus. At puberty there was genital masculinization with testicular enlargment and descent and development of male musculature and body habitus without gynaecomastia. Both subjects acquired male gender identity and changed from a female to a male gender role. The internal genitalia were normally formed with an ejaculate containing mature spermatozoa. In both subjects plasma testosterone levels were slightly elevated, dihydrotestosterone was in the low normal range and the plasma testosterone to dihydrotestosterone ratio was markedly elevated. Plasma oestrogens were normal whereas SHBG binding capacity was elevated. The urinary 5 beta-aetiocholanolone to 5 alpha-androsterone ratios were elevated compared with normal subjects. Basal plasma LH was normal but, the LH response to LHRH was exaggerated and basal and peak plasma levels of FSH were elevated. 5 alpha-reductase activity in genital skin homogenates was higher when androstenedione was used as a substrate, compared with testosterone, suggesting a decreased affinity of the enzyme for testosterone. The clinical and hormonal features in the two siblings are consistent with an impaired peripheral conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone due to deficiency of the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase. PMID- 7379322 TI - [Vascular complications in diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379319 TI - Basal ganglia calcification in postoperative hypoparathyroidism. AB - The presence of bilateral basal ganglia calcification was sought in nine patients with post-operative and two patients with primary hypoparathyroidism, using computerized axial tomography (CAT) and plain skull radiographs. Calcification was detected with CAT in seven patients; five with post-operative and both with primary hypoparathyroidism, but in only one was it demonstrable on plain X-ray films. The presence of calcification appeared to be related to the duration of the disease and possibly the degree of control of serum calcium. Six of the seven patients with cerebral calcification also had cataracts. The incidence of basal ganglia calcification in hypoparathyroidism is probably much greater than previously recognized, especially in post-operative hypoparathyroidism. PMID- 7379324 TI - [Clinical studies and detecting method (R.I.A.) of platelet factor 4 level in thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis and thrombosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379325 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of human prolactin by radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379326 TI - [Studies on the radioimmunoassay of HGH "Eiken" kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379327 TI - [Fundamental studies of S-8537 (Phadebas T4 RIA) kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379329 TI - Circulating immune complexes in onchocerciasis. AB - Circulating immune complexes were detected in sera of patients with both localized and generalized onchocerciasis by a 125I-Clq binding assay but not by the IgG latex agglutination inhibition method. Gel filtration of sera demonstrated high molecular weight Clq-reactive material(greater than 2 x 10(6) Daltons) which contained IgM but no IgG. Antibody titres to Onchocerca volvulus antigen were higher in patients with generalized disease than in those with the localized form. The lack of correlation between antibody titres and levels of immune complexes suggests that these immune complexes contain antigens other than those derived exclusively from the parasite. Although few of the symptoms of this disease are likely to be due to deposition of circulating immune complexes, the depression of delayed hypersensitivity reactions to the parasite found in patients with generalized onchocerciasis may be due to IgM immune complexes exerting an immuno-regulatory role on T cell function. PMID- 7379328 TI - Circulating immune complexes, complement and complement component levels in childhood Hodgkin's disease. AB - Serum levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) assayed by the Raji cell radioimmunoassay, total haemolytic complement (TCH50), Clq and C3 were correlated with clinical stage, histological type, age, sex and treatment of eighty-six children with Hodgkin's disease over a period of 4 years. Most significant findings were the changes of levels of CIC, TCH50, Clq and C3 during disease activity and following treatment. Significant perturbations were also seen in association with relapse. Levels of C and CIC were significantly elevated (P less than 0.001) at the time of diagnosis prior to splenectomy and/or any treatment. In the group before treatment, 81 percent of CIC levels were above 16 micrograms/ml with a maximum value of 1120 micrograms/ml. During treatment 33 percent were still above normal with a maximum of 320 micrograms/ml. Within 1 year after cessation of treatment, 37 percent also remained above normal levels with a maximum of 240 micrograms/ml. At relapse prior to treatment, 63 percent were again elevated with a maximum of 1280 micrograms/ml. The most significant difference on TCH50 levels relates to treatment periods. Sera of patients with active disease who are previously untreated show elevation of TCH50 levels (P less than 0.001) (average 127 CH50 mu/ml. During and after treatment eht TCH50 levels drop to 96 and 102 CH50 mu/ml, as compared to normal control of 100 CH50 mu/ml. In sera of patients at the first, second or third relapse, the combined TCH50 levels are significantly different from controls and across treatment periods (P less than 0.005). PMID- 7379330 TI - The use of C1q, conglutinin and low affinity rabbit IgM antibody to human Fc in a ligand coctail radioassay for detecting and characterizing immune complexes in pathological sera. AB - A ligand radioassay for the detection of IC which utilizes C1q, bovine conglutinin and low affinity rabbit IgM anti-human Fc in a reagent coctail, is presented. IC are first isolated from serum by precipitation in polyethylene glycol, then analysed for their ability to react with the ligand coctail. Dual label studies with 125I and 131I-tagged ligands, designed to determine whether the ligands bound independently to IC, indicate that the binding of each ligand to IC is not significantly affected by the presence of the other two ligands. The results of assaying pathological sera for IC by the ligand coctail radioassay correlate well with the results of three other assays. The assay system is also flexible enough to allow other low affinity IgM reagents to be used which could potentially cover the whole range of immunoglobulin classes occurring in pathological IC. PMID- 7379331 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to liver antigen in toxic liver injury. I. Occurrence and specificity. AB - To investigate the possible role of cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of liver disease lymphocyte function was studied in CBA mice in which predictable sublethal liver necrosis had been included by the administration of the hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Non-specific lymphocyte function, as assessed by the response to the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was normal in over 90 percent of the animals. Forty-three per cent of the treated mice demonstrated specific lymphocyte sensitivity to liver antigen preparations. Such specific sensitivity was transient and apparent in only one case for more than 2 weeks after the CCl4 treatment. The lymphocyte sensitization was not reproduced by the addition of CCl4 to the lymphocyte cultures. There was no correlation between the severity of the liver disease and the detection of sensitized lymphocytes. Although these data may not be extrapolated directly to human liver disease, they demonstrate that cell-mediated immune reactivity to liver-derived antigens can occur as a result of non-immunological toxic liver injury. PMID- 7379333 TI - Milk protein concentrations in neonatal milk (witch's milk). AB - Milk protein concentrations were determined in five samples of neonatal milk (witch's milk) by either double antibody radioimmunoassay (IgA) or by single radial immunodiffusion (IgG, lactoferrin, lysozyme and albumin). Neonatal milk IgA concentrations ranged from 0.43 to 118.2 mg/l; the corresponding mean neonatal serum IgA concentration was 2.6 +/- s.e. 1.45 mg/l (n = 48). Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation indicated that the IgA detected was of the 11S type. IgG, lactoferrin, lysozyme and albumin were detected in neonatal milk in similar concentrations to those found in maternal milk. PMID- 7379332 TI - Functional studies on purified eosinophils and neutrophils from patients with Schistosoma mansoni infections. AB - Unpurified peripheral blood leucocytes or purified eosinophils and neutrophils from patients with schistosomiasis and from normal individuals were compared for their ability to interact with antibody coated schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni. There was no difference in the ability of buffy coat cells or neutrophils from patients and from normal individuals to mediate antibody dependent 51Cr release from labelled schistosomula. However, eosinophils from patients were significantly better than those from normal individuals in causing antibody-dependent 51Cr release. This enhanced activity of eosinophils from patients with schistosomiasis was found to correlate with the intensity of their infection as judged by faecal egg counts. Eosinophils from patients also contained a higher proportion of cells with detectable Fc receptors than those from normal individuals. It is suggested that the difference in the behaviour of eosinophils from patients and from normals may reflect an 'activated' state of these cells in the infected individuals. PMID- 7379335 TI - Effect of tetracycline treatment on immunological responses in mice. AB - Mice treated with tetracycline have reduced capacity to mount delayed-type hypersensitivity (DHT) responses to sheep erythrocytes. The suppressive effect of DTH was more pronounced when the drug was given at the time of challenge with sheep erythrocytes. The in vivo chemotaxis of macrophages was also depressed in mice given tetracycline. There was, however, no significant suppression of antibody production to sheep erythrocytes. PMID- 7379334 TI - Transfer factor: failure to transfer reactivity in normal human subjects. AB - Transfer factor was prepared from highly selected normal donors. One lot was made from donors strongly reactive to coccidioidin and negative to Dharmendra antigen in in vivo and in vitro testing. The other lot was made from donors without reactivity to coccidioidin and strongly reactive to Dharmendra. Aliquots of each lot were injected into eight normal recipients. Eight additional normal recipients were given placebo injections. Before and after injection, skin test reactivity and in vitro testing were evaluated by an individual who did not know which preparation the patient received. Changes in immunologic reactivity in subjects receiving transfer factor could not be distinguished from those in subjects receiving placebo. I conclude that transfer factor does not cause enhancement of immunologic reactivity in normal subjects. A well designed, critical study is needed to determine whether or not it does, in fact, cause enhancement of immunologic reactivity in patients with impaired cellular immune reactivity. PMID- 7379336 TI - Enhanced expression of human monocyte complement (C3b) receptors by chemoattractants. AB - The capacity of various leucoattractants to enhance, or unfold, receptors for complement (C3b) on human blood monocytes has been studied. A number of recognized monocyte chemoattractants including casein, supernatants from C. parvum 10390 and from human lymphocytes (cultured either in the presence or absence of phytohaemagglutinin) and the formyl-methionyl peptides, F-Met-Leu-Phe, F-Met-Met-Phe and F-Met-Phe, increased the percentage of monocytes which formed rosettes with IgM-sensitized sheep erythrocytes coated with complement. Comparable results were achieved irrespective of whether purified components of whole serum was used as a source of complement. In contrast, there was no significant increase in EAG (Fc) rosettes with those doses of casein which gave enhancement of C3b receptors. A small degree of complement receptor enhancement was observed with histamine but the unformylated peptides, Met-Leu-Phe and Met Met-Phe, were without apparent effect. Maximal receptor enhancement was obtained at 30 min but when the leucoattractant was removed, enhancement was reversible, returning to normal values in approximately 120 min. Monocyte complement receptor enhancement increased with temperatures between 0 degrees C and 37 degrees C. These data (1) confirm and extend our previous findings on leucoattractant induced enhancement of complement receptors on human monocytes; (2) indicate that the phenomenon may have potential as a clinical test for monocyte function both in health and disease. PMID- 7379337 TI - Studies on monocytes in inflammatory bowel disease: factors influencing monocyte lysosomal enzyme activity. AB - The effect of endotoxin and immune complexes on monocyte lysosomal enzyme activity has been studied in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Immune complexes made at equivalence or in antigen excess caused a rapid fall in intracellular activity of the enzyme N'acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase which was significantly greater than that seen when cells were incubated with medium alone. Endotoxin had no effect on intracellular enzyme activity but there was a significant elevation of activity in the supernatants. Cells from patients with inflammatory bowel disease were no different to cells from healthy control subjects in their response to either endotoxin or immune complexes. PMID- 7379338 TI - Profile of a new prazosin congener, BL-5111A. Studies in the rat. AB - 1. The effects on blood pressure and heart rate of prazosin and a structurally related congener, BL-5111A, were compared in conscious and anaesthetized rats. 2. Both agents induced dose-related falls in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with relatively little effect on heart rate. The hypotensive potency of prazosin was twenty-fold greater than that of BL-5111A. 3. The hypotensive activity of prazosin was abolished by pretreatment with the ganglionic blocking agent, pentolinium, or the alpha-adenoceptor blocking agent, phentolamine, whereas BL 5111A retained significant hypotensive activity (up to 28%) after either pretreatment. 4. Both prazosin and BL-5111A attenuated pressor responses to noradrenaline, and reversed the responses to adrenaline, prazosin being, in this respect, 6 times more potent than BL-5111A. There was a highly significant relationship between the alpha-adrenoceptor blocking activity of either agents and its hypotensive effect. 5. BL-5111A differed from prazosin in possessing, in addition to its predominant alpha-adrenoceptor blocking action, a minor component of action attributable to direct vasodilatation. PMID- 7379340 TI - Haemodynamic effects of nicergoline in man at rest and during exercise. AB - 1. The intravenous administration of nicergoline (5 mg) was followed by a rapid and sustained lowering of blood pressure; less rapid effects were bradycardia and an elevation of cardiac output. These delayed effects are consistent with an indirect action on the alpha-adrenoreceptors of the central nervous system. 2. Following the oral administration of nicergoline (30 mg), a partial reduction of exercise-induced lactacidaemia was demonstrated, which is consistent with the haemodynamic changes shown at rest. PMID- 7379339 TI - Influence of sodium and potassium ions on the contraction induced by calcium ions in guinea-pig isolated vas deferens. AB - 1. When guinea-pig isolated vas deferens was pretreated with 0.01% tetrasodium edetate in an isotonic sucrose medium and then transferred to an edetate-free sucrose medium, the addition of CaCl2 (0.28-8.80 mmol/l) induced a contraction. 2. When the edetate-free sucrose medium was replaced by saline containing NaHCO3 and glucose, the contraction induced by CaCl2 was only slightly smaller than that obtained in the sucrose medium. 3. When the saline medium was replaced by Ca-free Locke's solution, the contraction induced by CaCl2 was almost the same as that obtained in the saline medium. 4. When the Ca-free Locke's solution was replaced by Ca-free K-Locke's solution (in which NaCl and CaCl2 were replaced by KCl), the contraction induced by CaCl2 was almost the same as that obtained in the sucrose medium. PMID- 7379341 TI - Tritium excretion after intravenous administration of tritium labelled adrenaline and noradrenaline and digital vascular reactivity to adrenaline and noradrenaline in normotensive and labile hypertensive subjects. AB - 1. The 24-h urinary excretion of tritium after tritiated adrenaline administration and digital vascular reactivity to exogenously administered adrenaline and noradrenaline were measured in ten normotensive and in twenty eight labile essential hypertensive subjects. Tritiated noradrenaline excretion and apparent noradrenaline secretion rate were also measured in ten and eleven of these subjects, respectively. 2. Despite overlapping, the mean 24-h tritium excretion after 3H-adrenaline administration as well as reactivity to adrenaline were significantly greater in the hypertensive than in the normotensive subjects, whether or not they had increased responsiveness to noradrenaline. Significant correlation, however, was observed between tritium excretion of adrenaline and reactivity to adrenaline in both labile hypertensive and normotensive subjects. These measurements were also both significantly correlated with percentage variability in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the labile hypertensive subjects. 3. No significant correlation was observed between adrenaline as against noradrenaline measurements, whether physiological or biochemical, in either hypertensive or normotensive subjects. PMID- 7379342 TI - Prostaglandins in the control of blood flow in canine skeletal muscle. PMID- 7379343 TI - Are neuronal uptake mechanisms responsible for the difference in sensitivity to noradrenaline between human arteries and veins? AB - 1. The sensitivity of human metacarpal veins and digital arteries obtained post mortem to noradrenaline and phenylephrine has been tested. 2. pED50 values for noradrenaline were significantly higher in the veins (6.99, s.e.m. = 0.08) than in the arteries (6.56, s.e.m. = 0.09), whereas pED50 values for phenylephrine in the two tissues were not significantly different (arteries: 6.24, s.e.m. = 0.09; veins: 6.26, s.e.m. = 0.05). 3. The addition of propranolol (4 x 10(-6) mol/l) alone, or in combination with hydrocortisone (4 x 10(-5) mol/l), did not affect the responses to either noradrenaline or phenylephrine. The further addition of cocaine (3 x 10(-5) mol/l) slightly shifted the noradrenaline and phenylephrine concentration-effect curves to the left in both arteries and veins, but veins were still found to be more sensitive than arteries to noradrenaline whilst there was still no difference in the sensitivity of veins and arteries to phenylephrine. 4. Cocaine also slightly potentiated responses to barium chloride, potassium chloride and serotonin. 5. It is concluded that the difference in sensitivity to noradrenaline between arteries and veins cannot be explained by differences in neuronal uptake and it is possible that there may be differences in the properties of the postsynaptic alpha-adrenoreceptors of the two tissues. It is also concluded that the potentiation of the contractile effect of noradrenaline produced by cocaine is not solely due to inhibition of neuronal uptake of amines. PMID- 7379344 TI - The contractile response of smooth muscle to immersion in hypertonic solutions. AB - 1. Strips of bovine tracheal muscle and rabbit aorta produced sustained contractions on perfusion with Krebs solution made twice normal strength by addition of sucrose. The contractures were relaxed on return to normal Krebs solution. 2. Similar contractures were produced by tracheal muscle strips in Krebs solutions made twice normal strength by addition of galactose, glucose or NaCl whereas urea caused only a transient contraction. 3. In twice normal strength Krebs solution (sucrose added) the basal tension of rat portal vein and guinea-pig taenia coli was increased. Spontaneous mechanical activity was maintained, but the frequency of contractions was reduced. 4. The hypertonic contracture of bovine trachea in twice normal strength Krebs solution (sucrose added) was reduced by 15% by omission of Ca from the bathing fluid (0.1 mmol/l EGTA added). Severe Ca depletion, by prolonged washing in Ca-free Krebs with 12.5 mmol/l EGTA and Carbachol added, resulted in a 77% reduction in the hypertonic contracture. 5. In twice normal Krebs solution (sucrose added), the hypertonic contracture was partially relaxed by isoprenaline (4 x 10(-6) mol/l); the contractile response to carbachol was reduced; the contractile response to high-K Krebs solution was maintained. 6. Atropine (5 x 10(-7) mol/l) abolished the contractile response to carbachol, but had no effect on the hypertonic contracture. 7. It is suggested that the contraction of bovine tracheal strips in hypertonic solutions is mainly due to activation of the contractile myofilaments rather than simple cell shrinkage. Hypertonic solutions may also interfere with some steps in the excitation-contraction coupling sequence. PMID- 7379346 TI - Fluid and salt intake during the development of renal hypertension in rats. AB - 1. In Sprague-Dawley rats, two-kidney, one-clip renal hypertension was induced, and the drinking behaviour as well as total fluid and sodium intake were studied before and for 16 days after the operation. 2. When water alone was offered as drinking fluid, the blood pressure reached values that were by about 20 mmHg higher than those in the rats which had free choice of drinking water or 2% saline. 3. In those rats which had water and 2% saline to drink, the total sodium and fluid intake rose transiently for three days, as compared with that of the sham-operated controls, and increased steeply starting from the 7th and 10th day, respectively. When a tighter stenosis of the renal artery was induced, the pressure rose more rapidly, and the total fluid and sodium intake increased continuously after the operation until the end of the experiment. 4. A positive correlation was demonstrable between the height of blood pressure and the total daily intake of fluid and sodium, respectively. 5. The relation between the total daily fluid and the total daily sodium intake followed a straight regression line. 6. The hypertensive rats which had a high total sodium intake responded to the withdrawal of the 2% saline solution, within 2 days, with increased water intake, decreased food intake, and loss of body weight, whereas the blood pressure remained high. 7. In the two-kidney, one-clip hypertension, no 'critical level of blood pressure' can be defined, beyond which the contralateral kidney starts to lose sodium. PMID- 7379347 TI - Comparison of the vascular effects of adenosine, AMP, ADP and ATP on isolated blood-perfused internal and external carotid arteries of dogs. AB - 1. The effects of adenosine and adenine nucleotides were studied on arterial vasculature in blood-perfused arterial preparations of dogs which were isolated from the internal and external carotid arteries. Each compound was administered directly into the cannulated artery over a period of 4 s. 2. In both arterial preparations, adenosine produced a dose-related vasodilatation and was more potent than AMP. On the other hand, ATP produced a dose-related vasoconstriction and was more potent than ADP. PMID- 7379349 TI - Studies on interaction of timolol, hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride in the rat. AB - 1. The acute effects of hydrochlorothiazide, amiloride, timolol and their combinations on diuresis and arterial pressure were studied in rats. 2. Timolol did not modify the diuretic and saluretic effects of hydrochlorothiazide and/or amiloride and had no diuretic or antidiuretic effects alone. 3. At a single dose of 1.25 mg/kg, p.o., timolol alone had no antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 4. The antihypertensive effect of hydrochlorothiazide + amiloride + timolol was significantly greater than with any of the drugs alone. PMID- 7379348 TI - Different potencies of [Asp1, Ile5]- and [Asn1, Val5]-angiotensin II in stimulating aldosterone production from rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells in vitro. AB - 1. Rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells were incubated in Krebs Ringer bicarbonate medium containing bovine serum albumin. Aldosterone production was measured by radioimmunoassay. 2. Both [Asp1, Ile5]-angiotensin II ('free acid') and (Asn1, Val5]-antiotensin II ('amide'), (10(-5) mol/l), stimulated aldosterone output but the free acid compound produced a larger increase in steroid output than the amide. 3. This difference in steroidogenic activity could not be explained by differences in purity or initial concentration or by stimulation of the contaminating fasciculata cells. 4. However, serial bioassays of the media revealed that the amide form of angiotensin was degraded more rapidly than the free acid form. 5. The different potency of these two forms of angiotensin II could explain some of the reported discrepancies of the action of angiotensin II on rat adrenal tissue or cells in vitro. PMID- 7379350 TI - Responsiveness of hypertensive subjects to prazosin. AB - 1. Plasma drug levels and blood pressure changes produced by a single 2 mg oral dose of prazosin were determined in nine hypertensive patients. 2. Regression analysis showed that there was a high degree of correlation between plasma prazosin concentration and change in mean blood pressure. 3. There were marked differences between patients in their responsiveness to prazosin. PMID- 7379351 TI - The lymphokine nomenclature committee of the IUIS. PMID- 7379345 TI - The effects of thyroid status on digoxin distribution in the rat. AB - 1. Tritiated digoxin was injected intravenously into euthyroid, hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rats. The rats were killed at intervals up to 24 h and tritium in serum and tissues counted. 2. Serum concentrations of tritium in the hyperthyroid animals were less than in the control group, whereas the concentrations in the hypothyroid group were similar to those in the control group. 3. Cardiac tissue concentrations of tritium were higher in the hyperthyroid group than in the control group, but in the hypothyroid group were similar to the control group. 4. The decreased serum levels in the hyperthyroid rats were probably due to an increased volume of distribution. 5. Pharmacological resistance to digoxin in hyperthyroidism must be due to some alteration in cardiac function and it is suggested that this is an increase in Na/K ATPase receptors. PMID- 7379352 TI - Complement-dependent activation of canine platelets by endotoxin and collagen: in vitro studies. PMID- 7379353 TI - Effects of dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLE) with transfer factor activity on leukocyte migration in vitro. IV. Two distinct effects of DLE on leukocyte migration can be produced by prostaglandins. PMID- 7379354 TI - A tumor-associated antigen isolated from human breast adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7379356 TI - A latent-relapsing neuroautoimmune disease in Syrian hamsters. PMID- 7379355 TI - A familial dysfunction of the eight component of complement (C8). PMID- 7379359 TI - Inhibition of phagocytosis by a middle molecular fraction from ultrafiltrate. AB - The in vitro phagocytic activity of normal human blood was maximally inhibited by an uremic toxin isolated by Sephadex G 15 column chromatography from the ultrafiltrate obtained during a sequential hemodiafiltration procedure in an anephric patient. The phagocytic activity of the blood was studied by measuring the labelled CO2 production from glucose metabolism during the phagocytosis of latex, zymosan and inulin; phagocytosis was not influenced by urea levels of 4 g/l and creatinine levels of 15 mg/100 ml, whereas it was inhibited for 59% by uremic serum and for 90% by a D fraction. The D fraction blocking phagocytosis is of the so-called middle molecular weight range; the presumed molecular weight is between 113 and 1029; the elution volume Ve is 25.28/ml and the available distribution coefficient KAV 0.52. PMID- 7379357 TI - The in vivo antibody responses to polymerized flagellin (POL) in man. PMID- 7379358 TI - 1 alpha-hydroxy vitamin D3 treatment of non-dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure. Effects on bone, mineral metabolism and kidney function. AB - Nine non-dialyzed patients with creatinine clearance below 20 ml/min and histological and biochemical signs of renal osteodystrophy received 1 alpha hydroxy vitamin D3 for 6 months in a mean daily dosage of 0.9 microgram. The serum concentrations of calcium and phosphate increased, and the serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone decreased during treatment. Quantitative histological examination of iliac crest bone biopsies showed a marked improvement of uremic bone changes, including normalization of the initial low mineralization rates evaluated by tetracycline uptake in bone. No significant change was seen in bone mineral content in the forearm measured by photon absorptiometry. An accelerated loss of kidney function was observed during the treatment period with 1 alpha-OH-vitamin D3 as compared with control periods before and after the treatment. PMID- 7379360 TI - Megalocytosis and chromosome aberrations in patients on regular hemodialysis. PMID- 7379361 TI - Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: improved survival with alternate day prednisone therapy. AB - Therapy with prednisone in an alternate day regimen over periods of 1.5 to 15 years in 27 children with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) resulted in survival of 89% at 15 years after onset as compared with 50% survival at 6-12 years in the reports of other investigators. Therapy started, on the average, 1.5 years after onset in the 23 children with a good response and 5.2 years after onset in the 4 who developed irreversible renal failure. In most, clinical manifestations have diminished or, in many of those with Type I MPGN, disappeared. Glomerular scarring often increased with therapy but did not necessarily compromise function. Changes in morphology of functioning glomeruli varied with the type. In Type I, subendothelial deposits disappeared. In Types I and II, capillary walls became thinner and more capillary lumens were visiable. In Type III, glomerular morphology did not significantly change although clinically most of the patients have improved or are stable. PMID- 7379362 TI - Design analyses of a new selective filtration system for removal of uremic toxins. AB - A new system for removal of uremic toxins is described, The system is based on selective removal of small (urea, creatinine) and large uremic toxins through a multimembrane filter/dialyzer unit. Theoretical calculations show that the system is capable of removing the desired range of molecules from uremic plasma, while retaining a large portion of non-toxic elements in the blood. The SElective DUal Filtration ARtificial Kidney can be optimized and assembled into a single compact unit, which is simple to use and requires minimal monitoring equipment. Preliminary clinical trials indicate that SEDUFARK is a feasible system for treatment of uremic patients. PMID- 7379364 TI - Infantile nephrotic syndrome with diffuse mesangial sclerosis: a disturbance of glomerular basement membrane development? AB - Ultrastructural examinations of renal glomeruli in a case of diffuse mesangial sclerosis revealed a hitherto unknown type of alteration of the basement membranes ("cloudy pattern") which suggests a disturbance of glomerular basement membrane development as the basic mechanism which leads to therapy resistent infantile nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7379363 TI - Acute renal failure in legionnaires' disease: report of a case. AB - The renal insufficiency which has been described in some of Legionnaires' Disease, has not been characterized. We describe a patient who developed severe oligoanuric renal failure associated with Legionnaires' Disease. Renal biopsy revealed acute tubular necrosis. PMID- 7379365 TI - A decade of penicillin related acute interstitial nephritis--more questions than answers. PMID- 7379366 TI - Renal lesions in the hypertensive syndromes of pregnancy: immunomorphological and ultrastructural studies in 114 cases. AB - One hundred and fourteen women presenting during pregnancy with an abnormally high blood pressure and/or proteinuria had a renal biopsy usually on the 8th day following delivery. The pathological specimens were examined by light and/or electron and/or immunofluorescence microscopy. Forty-one cases were studied with all three techniques. The patients could be allocated to six groups on the basis of clinical criteria. The first two groups (52 patients) showed the typical clinical and pathological features of classical preeclampsia. The remaining 62 women (four groups) had isolated hypertension, and, of these, 42 had a renal pathological pattern similar to that of preeclampsia. These 42 patients also had persistent hyperuricemia. Thus in pregnancy, hypertension and persistently elevated uric acid levels are indicative of glomerular lesions of "pregnancy induced nephropathy". PMID- 7379367 TI - Perimacular changes in Alport's syndrome. AB - From 1962 to 1977, 79 patients with Alport's syndrome underwent serial fundoscopic examination. In 29 patients (24 males, 5 females), symmetric bilateral perimacular changes were found, consisting of bright, whitish or yellowish dense granulations, surrounding the foveal area. Fluorescein angiography was normal in 8/8 studied cases. All 29 patients had bilateral lenticonus and neural hearing loss; ultrastructural lesion of glomerular basement membrane was present in 11/11 studied patients. Chronic renal failure developed in 26 patients, with 20 treated by maintenance hemodialysis. In contrast, perimacular lesions were absent in the other 50 patients (27 males, 23 females). Anterior lenticonus was detected in none; perceptive deafness was demonstrated in only 20; kidney ultrastructural lesions in 16 of 30 studied cases. Patients with perimacular changes had significantly earlier renal failure (P less than 0.001) than patients without. In conclusion, perimacular changes appear as a simple and reliable indicator of Alport's syndrome, often associated with early renal failure. PMID- 7379368 TI - The complement system in hemolytic-uremic syndrome in childhood. AB - A dynamic estimation of the complement system was obtained by immunochemical estimation of C3, C4, C5, C1q, C3b + C3c, C3d, Ba in children with hemolytic uremic syndrome. The presence of increased breakdown products of C3 (C3b + C3c, C3d) and of factor B (Ba) suggests an activation of the complement system possibly by the alternative pathway. No definite explanation for these complement abnormalities can be given. PMID- 7379369 TI - Isotachophoretic separation of middle molecule peptides in uremic body fluids. AB - By applying analytical isotachophoresis six solutes in the middle molecule range were isolated as a further separation of a middle molecule fraction isolated from uremic body fluids using an earlier described technique of combined high speed gel filtration--gradient elution chromatography. The solutes separated with isotachophoresis could be identified by determining the net mobilities and the corresponding UV levels. Identical net solute mobilities were found in different biological fluids from different uremic patients. By measuring the zone length it was possible to estimate the amounts of material present in uremic biological fluids. During these investigations the reproducibility was better than +/-2% for the six solutes measured. PMID- 7379371 TI - Left ventricular ejection fraction changes during recovery from treadmill exercise: a preliminary report of a new method for detecting coronary artery disease. AB - To test the value of combining treadmill exercise with radionuclide angiography for detecting exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction, ejection fractions were calculated at rest, peak supine bicycle exercise, and during three supine post-treadmill recovery periods (2-4 min, recovery 1;4-6 min, recovery 2;8-10 min, recovery 3) in ten coronary artery disease patients and eight normal subjects. Both the normal subjects and coronary artery disease patients had normal resting ejection fractions (greater than 0.50). In the normal subjects the mean ejection fraction increased significantly (p less than 0.005) from rest (0.61 +/- 0.03) to peak supine bicycle exercise (0.71 +/- 0.04), and the mean ejection fraction also remained significantly higher (p less than 0.005) at rest than during 10 min post-treadmill exercise. However, the coronary artery disease patients did not significantly change the mean ejection fractions from rest (0.59 +/- 0.06) to peak supine bicycle exercise (0.55 +/- 0.08), and the average ejection fraction during each one of the post-treadmill recovery periods was not significantly different from rest. At the third recovery period all the normals but no coronary artery disease patients had higher ejection fraction than the resting ejection fraction. We thus conclude that the magnitude of change in ejection fraction from rest to 8-10 min post-treadmill exercise in patients with normal resting ejection fraction may be helpful in identifying those with coronary disease. PMID- 7379372 TI - Changes in left ventricular diastolic function in coronary artery disease with and without angina pectoris assessed from exercise ventriculography. AB - In 11 normals and 43 patients with coronary artery disease left ventricular (LV) diastolic pressure-volume (P-V) curves were obtained from biplane ventriculograms and simultaneous high fidelity pressure measurements. During exercise ventriculography 20 patients had angina pectoris (group B), and 16 patients were asymptomatic (group A). At rest there were no akinetic segments in 28 patients (group C), and an akinetic segment was found in 15 (group D). With different total work loads (951 +/- 134 and 2100 +/- 245 kpm in groups B and A), LV minimal and end-diastolic pressures and corresponding ventricular volumes increased to a similar extent in patients with and without angina during exercise ventriculography. With comparable work loads (1,296 +/- 221 and 1,494 +/- 195 kpm in groups C and D) the mean increase in diastolic pressure and volume was larger in group D, which corresponded to the more depressed LV resting function. PMID- 7379370 TI - Percutaneous femoral vein catheterization for hemodialysis: a single needle technique. PMID- 7379374 TI - Long-term comparison of metoprolol and methyldopa in the treatment of hypertension. AB - The effect of the cardioselective beta-adrenoreceptor blocking compound, metoprolol, was compared with methyldopa in the long-term management of hypertension. Thirty patients given metoprolol and twenty-six given methyldopa were treated for 2 years. The maximum dose of metoprolol was 200 mg twice daily (average 308 mg) and of methyldopa 1,000 mg twice daily (average 1,120 mg). Blood pressure was similar at entry to the study (metoprolol 177/110 mmHg and methyldopa 181/111 mmHg). After 2 years of treatment the blood pressure levels were again similar (metoprolol 149/91 mmHg and methyldopa 148/91 mmHg). Erect pressures were lower in the methyldopa group, but there was no difference between supine and erect blood pressure levels in those on metoprolol. At an exercise load of 300 and 600 kpm the increase in systolic pressure was significantly less in the metoprolol group. The proportional increase in systolic and diastolic pressure in response to a standardized stress situation was reduced by treatment with metroprolol but not by methyldopa. Tolerance to therapy did not develop in either group. The main difference between metoprolol and methyldopa was in the incidence and severity of side effects. Four patients were withdrawn from the metoprolol group. Seventeen were withdrawn from the methyldopa mainly because of side effects including drowsiness, depression, skin rash, and impotence. Six patients on metoprolol and seventeen on methyldopa continued on therapy although side effects were present. It is concluded that metoprolol and methyldopa lower blood pressure to the same extent, but metoprolol is advantageous because of a lower incidence of side effects. PMID- 7379373 TI - Echoventriculography in acute myocardial infarction. IV. Infarct size and reliability by pathologic anatomic correlations. AB - A morphologic-echocardiographic comparison was carried out in 24 consecutive patients to determine the accuracy of multidirectional single-beam echocardiography in imaging the size and site of 22 fatal acute myocardial infarctions and of 2 postinfarction ventricular aneurysms treated surgically. Echocardiography never missed the infarction, regardless of whether the infarction was anterior or posterior. The correlation between the echocardiographic and pathologic anatomic extent of infarct, as expressed by a percentage of the left ventricular horizontal circumference, was r=0.88 (p less than 0.001). One hundred four of one hundred eleven infarcted segments (94%) were detected by echo; only the posterior septal and the most lateral segments of the left ventricle tended to remain out of range of the method. The regional asynergy at the center of the infarcted region was clearcut-systolic thickening was never seen and the systolic wall motion was paradoxical in 75% of the patients (mean, 20+/-2.0 mm). Analysis of the regional function from multiple sites characterized reduction of the left ventricular performance (p less than 0.0005) better than did the ejection fraction in the presence of asynergy. An old postinfarction scar was differentiated from the acute necrosis. Thus, segmental left ventricular akinesis or paradoxical motion as seen by multidirectional echocardiography permits noninvasively a reliable estimation of the extent of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7379375 TI - Clinical and hemodynamic results of extracardiac conduit reconstruction of the pulmonary artery. AB - To evaluate the efficacy of pulmonary artery construction with a prosthetic conduit we have reviewed 25 operations in 22 of our patients. Early mortality was 12.0%, late mortality 5.3%. Up to 13 years postoperatively, 93.8% of the survivors are asymptomatic. Of 12 patients surviving more than 1 year, 11 have been catheterized after 1-11 years. Five had prior aortopulmonary shunts (mean duration 7.3 years); highest postrepair pulmonary artery pressure was 40 mmHg. Of seven recatheterized xenograft conduits, none had severe and four had mild obstruction. Reconstruction of pulmonary artery with xenograft conduit produced good clinical results. Long duration of aortopulmonary shunt prior to repair did not result in severe pulmonary artery hypertension. Obstruction of xenograft conduit has not been a major problem in our patients, but when necessary, reoperation for obstruction can be carried out safely as late as 11 years after the operation. PMID- 7379376 TI - The effects of propranolol on myocardial perfusion and metabolism during acute regional ischaemia. AB - The unique physical properties of the short-lived inert and freely diffusing isotope 81mkrypton allow a continuous observation to be made of regional myocardial perfusion. Eighteen dogs were anaesthetised and a reversible snare placed on the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). 81mKrypton was used to study regional myocardial perfusion, and myocardial metabolism was assessed using the epicardial ECG and release of creatine kinase activity (CK). Six dogs did not undergo LAD occlusion ("sham operated"); in six other dogs the LAD was occluded (controls), and another six dogs were given propranolol, 0.5 mg/kg, 20 min after LAD occlusion. All the parameters were measured before and for 5 h after LAD occlusion. When compared to controls, dogs treated with propranolol showed significant improvement (p less than 0.01) in regional myocardial perfusion; smaller loss of electrically active myocardium for any given degree of early ST-segment elevation; and a delay in the release of CK activity from a local coronary vein. These results suggest that propranolol exerts a beneficial effect following the development of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7379377 TI - Measurement of heterogeneous myocardial blood flow. AB - Inert gas measurements of myocardial blood flow have been compared to simultaneous radioactive microsphere flow measurements. Average flow per unit weight agreed within 20% in 20 of 24 comparisons. With the inert gas technique flows up to 580 ml/min/100 g could be measured. Semilogarithmically plotted desaturation curves were distinctively curvilinear. It is concluded that the shape of the washout curve is a function of the underlying flow pattern. PMID- 7379378 TI - Coronary arterial spasm in angina at rest associated with transient ST-segment changes. AB - In order to clarify the role of coronary arterial spasm in the pathogenesis of angina at rest, coronary arteriography was perforned during spontaneous chest pain or following intravenous administration of ergonovine maleate in 40 patients with angina at rest. Coronary vasospasm was demonstrated in 23 patients with ST segment elevation during chest pain (group I), in 7 with ST-segment depression (group II), and in 4 with both ST-segment depression and elevation (group III). Complete spastic occlusion of the proximal or of the midportion of the left anterior descending artery was always associated with ST-segment elevation in anterior leads. In contrast, transient ST-segment depression in anterior leads was associated with diffuse narrowing of the left anterior descending artery with slow progression of the contrast medium, or complete occlusion of a small branch or of the distal segment of the left anterior descending artery. ST-segment elevation in inferior leads was associated with complete spastic occlusion or with significant spastic narrowing of the right coronary artery or of the circumflex artery. We conclude that coronary spasm can be demonstrated in a selected cohort of patients with angina at rest associated with transient ST segment changes. In some cases the site and the severity of the spasm may produce varying degrees of ischemia, thus determining the direction of the ST-segment shift. PMID- 7379380 TI - Uncemented surface replacement of the knee joint. AB - A method of surface replacement of the knee joint using an uncemented titanium-on high-density-polyethylene prosthesis has been investigated in 61 patients. The results show that pain is relieved in the vast majority of cases. Overall, the joint range is marginally improved. Preoperative deformities can be considerably correced. The procedure appears to give a functional result that is comparable with other types of replacement arthroplasty and leaves complete freedom for revisional surgery at a later date should it become necessary. PMID- 7379379 TI - Changes in coronary anatomy and left ventricular function from the acute to the chronic stage of myocardial infarction. AB - Coronary angiography was performed in the acute stage of myocardial infarction in 65 patients. The infarct-related vessel was occluded in 50 patients; it was narrowed greater than 90% in the remaining 15 patients. Control angiography was performed 55 +/- 46 d after acute myocardial infarction in 18 patients. In the chronic stage, five of thirteen previously occluded vessels showed antegrade filling of the distal segment. The narrowing at the site of previous obstruction was 80--95%. In two of five patients with a subtotal stenosis, the lumen of the infarct-related vessel was clearly larger in the chronic stage. The end-diastolic volume index increased significantly from 86 +/- 23 ml/m2 in the acute stage to 110 +/- 35 ml/m2 in the chronic stage (p less than 0.001). The increase in the end-systolic volume index from 42 +/- 15 ml/m2 to 63 +/- 31 ml/m2 was also statistically significant (p less than 0.005). Stroke volume index, ejection fraction, and the length of the akinetic segment (AKS) did not change significantly. There was a weak correlation between the end-systolic volume index and the length of the AKS in the acute stage (r = 0.489, p less than 0.05) and a better correlation in the chronic stage (r = 0.602, p less than 0.01). The ejection fraction and the length of the AKS correlated in the chronic stage only (r = 0.795, p less than 0.001). PMID- 7379381 TI - Fracture of the resurfaced patella in total knee replacement. AB - Nontraumatic transverse stress fractures of the resurfaced patella occurred in 2 patients, one with a total condylar and the other with a GUEPAR arthroplasty. The blood supply of the patella is a critical factor in both pathogenesis and healing of stress fracture of the patella. PMID- 7379382 TI - Experience with Maquet anterior tibial tubercle advancement for patellofemoral arthralgia. AB - The Maquet tibial tubercle advancement osteotomy was performed in 9 knees (8 patients) for patellofemoral arthralgia, including both "chondromalacia patella" and patellofemoral arthritis. The longest follow-up was 72 months, the shortest was 13 months with an average of 29 months. The results were excellent in 6, good in one and fair in one. There were 3 minor complications. The advantages of this procedure are its effectiveness and predictability in relief of symptoms, the preservation of the patella (thereby not prejudicing further procedures if necessary), and the surgery is extra-articular. PMID- 7379383 TI - Congenital dislocation of the patella. AB - This is a report of 2 rare, neglected congenital irreducible complete lateral dislocations of the patella. The patients were boys, 10 and 13 years old. The dislocations were designated irreducible because closed manipulative effects were invariably failures and the dislocations are permanent because they persist from birth until openly reduced. The deformity was neglected for years (one patient through childhood, the other into adolescence) during which time the anomalous defects were exacerbated by adverse growth changes. The propitious time (late infancy or early childhood) for open reduction and patellar stabilization with an excellent prognosis had long since passed by the time the patients were first seen by an orthopedic surgeon. Neglect had not only caused them to grow up as cripples, but had also rendered their patellae more difficult to reduce surgically. Neglect also increased the challenge to their surgeon to stabilize their patellae and to cope with their needless and preventable secondary deformities by multiple surgical interventions with decreased prospects of emerging free of residual problems and disabilities. In the growing child with active proximal tibial epiphyseal cartilage, interference with growth was avoided by patellar stabilization using the W. T. Green technique for quadricepsplasty. In the adolescent boy, who was closer to skeletal maturity, patellar stabilization was effectually accomplished by transplanting the tibial tuberosity medially and distally with relative impunity and reinforcing it with a Campbell sling. Angular and linear limb deformities were treated by epiphysiodeses. Prolonged dislocations result in loss of normal articular contours, and nonuse of articular cartilages has a morbid effect; both predispose the joint to early degenerative arthritis. Early diagnosis and early referral for orthopedic care are imperative because delay vitiates the ultimate result. PMID- 7379384 TI - Para-articular chondromas and osteochondromas: a report of three cases. AB - Observations in 3 middle-aged patients demonstrate that solitary osteochondromas in para-articular locations can be confused with intrasynovial osteochondromatosis or osteochondromas arising from bone and extending into joint regions. PMID- 7379385 TI - The operative treatment of Achilles tendon injuries. AB - Twenty cases of Achilles tendon injury treated surgically at the University of Virginia Medical Center from 1970 to 1979 were reviewed and reevaluated with up to 9 years of follow-up. Three treatment groups were identified: Group I--primary repair of a lacerated Achilles tendon; Group II--primary repair of an acutely ruptured Achilles tendon; and Group III--subacute repair of Achilles tendon rupture (performed more than 72 hours after injury). Acute repairs were performed by end-to-end suture. In subacute cases the anastomosis was reinforced with one or 2 flaps from the gastrocnemius tendon. Strenuous exercise accounted for nearly all the cases of acute tendon rupture. Surgical complications and overall functional results were determined for each treatment group. Open repair provides excellent results when applied to lacerations. A good-to-excellent overall result can be expected for patients with acute ruptures and primary repair, but an awareness of the possible postoperative complications is necessary. Achilles tendon ruptures that go unrecognized for more than 72 hours are best treated conservatively. PMID- 7379387 TI - The efficacy of standard surgical face masks: an investigation using "tracer particles". AB - To examine the efficacy of currently used synthetic-fiber disposable face masks in protecting wounds from contamination, human albumin microspheres were employed as "tracer particles," and applied to the interior of the fact mask during 20 operations. At the termination of each operation, wound irrigates were examined under the microscope. Particle contamination of the wound was demonstrated in all experients. Since the microspheres were not identified on the exterior of these face masks, they must have escaped around the mask edges and found their way into the wound. The wearing of the mask beneath the headgear curtails this route of contamination. PMID- 7379386 TI - Atraumatic avascular necrosis of the talus associated with hyperuricemia. AB - Although the presence of hyperuricemia and avascular necrosis of the hip is well documented, a similar association in the talus seems not to have been previously reported. The clinical and radiographic findings were confirmed by the histologic alterations in bone structure. Successful arthrodesis of the destroyed left ankle joint was accomplished by iliac bone graft. PMID- 7379388 TI - Total hip replacement in a laminar flow environment with special reference to deep infections. AB - A clean air enclosure with standard drapings was inadequate in the prevention of deep infection in total hip replacement and an overall deep infection rate of 2.2% still existed. This suggested that a sterile atmosphere under these circumstances could not ensure a bacteria-free deep wound at the end of a lengthy procedure. Additional antibiotic coverage, however, gave a deep wound infection rate of zero. A larger number of cases must be studied before final conclusions can be reached. Subsequent studies under these conditions have shown that the contamination appears to come from both patient and surgeon--principally the latter. Patient-derived organisms can be eliminated by impermeable draping. Contamination from the surgeon possibly can be eliminated only by drastic modification of conventional surgical attire. PMID- 7379389 TI - Actinomyces meyeri osteomyelitis: an unusual cause of chronic infection of the tibia. AB - A 50-year-old man had draining fistulas of the right tibula for 15 years. He had been previously treated with antibiotic therapy of an unknown nature and by 3 sequestrectomies spaced over the 15-year interval, without a cure having been achieved. Several anaerobic bacteria, including Actinomyces meyeri were isolated from the bone lesion. The involvement of an actinomycete in osteomyelitis of a long bone is a very rare occurrence. After an additional sequestrectomy and penicillin therapy of an appropriate nature, clinical remission was achieved for the first time in 15 years. PMID- 7379390 TI - Identifying scoliosis in the adolescent with thermography: a preliminary study. AB - Early diagnosis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is essential to prevent severe deformity. The accuracy of thermographic examination of the spine in the detection of minor degrees of curvature has been assessed in 125 asymptomatic young persons mean age 13.4 +/- 0.8 years who were also examined clinically and by spinal X-ray. Assessment of thermograms selected at random from the group of 154 young subjects showed that thermography has a sensitivity of 98.2% and a specificity of 91.0% in the identification of scoliosis when compared with radiography. Thermographic examination of the spine is simple, noninvasive and provides a permanent recording which is easily interpreted. It may provide an ideal method for use in large-scale prospective surveys. The criteria used to detect the thermographic abnormality associated with idiopathic scoliosis was derived from the spinal thermograms of 29 patients, mean age 10.25 +/- 4.65 years with known scoliosis, mean angle of curve 27 degrees +/- 12 degrees. In contrast to the thermal symmetry of the normal spine, all the thermograms of these patients show asymmetry, characteristically an increase in thermal emission on the concave aspect of the curve. Eight of the 16 patients with scoliosis with minor curves and a characteristic thermogram were not detected clinically. There were 25 asymmetrical thermograms in the asymptomatic group. Three of these patients had a simple postural defect, 5 had dorsal kyphosis and 16 had idiopathic scoliosis. Postural defects and kyphosis were readily recognized on clinical examination and did not produce the characteristic scoliotic thermogram. PMID- 7379391 TI - Association of glycosaminoglycan depletion and degradative enzyme activity in scoliosis. AB - Although several theories have been advanced about etiology of idiopathic scoliosis, the pathogenesis still remains unknown. One study detected a decrease in the glycosaminoglycan content of the nucleus pulposus in idiopathic scoliosis, and it was theorized that this represented increased degradation. The present study was designed to investigate degradative enzyme activity in scoliotic intervertebral disks. Twenty-three disks from 5 patients with idiopathic scoliosis and 18 disks from 3 patients with scoliosis resulting from myelomeningocele were obtained at surgery (Dwyer procedure). Five disks were obtained during 2 postmortem examinations. Analyses of hydroxyproline, hexosamine and acid phosphatase were performed separately on the annulus and nucleus of each disk. Hexosamine was decreased in idiopathic scoliotic nuclei versus controls (p less than 0.001) by approximately 25%. Hydroxyproline was proportionately increased (p less than 0.05). Similar changes of a greater magnitude were seen when comparing myelomeningoceles to controls. In both types of scoliosis, acid phosphatase was elevated in nuclear and annular tissue. Acid phosphatase activity and hexosamine varied inversely in the nucleus. Finding similar biochemical patterns in idiopathic and neurovascular scoliosis raises the possibility that these changes may be secondary. PMID- 7379392 TI - Tuberculous epidural granuloma simulating a herniated lumbar disk: a report of a case. AB - A tuberculous epidural granuloma was encountered in a 43-year-old man with a typical syndrome of lumbar disk herniation. Roentgenograms of the spine revealed only an anterior bony bridge between the vertebral bodies of L4 and L5, and a narrowing of the fourth intervetebral space. Myelogram showed a complete block of the dural sac, which appeared to be caused by an extradural mass located at the level of the L4-L5 disk. At operation granulomatous tissue was found in the anterior epidural space and the fourth intervertebral disk. On the basis of the radiographic and surgical findings, it is reasonable to assume that the infection spread to the epidural space from an inapparent vertebral focus either directly or by way of the intervertebral disk. PMID- 7379393 TI - Treatment of interotrochanteric fractures with the Jewett nail: experience with 1,015 cases. AB - During the period 1957 to 1976, 1,015 Jewett nails were inserted for intertrochanteric hip fractures. This is one of the largest series of intertrochanteric fractures studied at one institution using one method of treatment. Anatomic reduction was attempted in almost all cases regardless of comminution. Medial or valgus displacement was rarely carried out on purpose. The average delay to surgery was 2.1 days after admission. Most parients were on bed chair status on the first postoperative day and began toe-touching ambulation 10 to 14 days after surgery. Routine anticoagulation was not employed. The reduction and nail placement were critical factors for fracture healing. Only 3.3% of patients with satisfactory nailings had nail-related complications, such as penetration or cutting out. Eighty-seven per cent of patients with poor nailings had these problems. Ninety-eight and seven-tenths per cent of fractures united, 1.3% went to nonunion, and necrosis was seen in 2 united fractures (0.4%). PMID- 7379394 TI - Hip fractures in patients with Parkinson's disease. AB - A series of patients with Parkinson's disease and hip disease over a period of 10 years was reviewed at 3 McGill University hospitals. There were 47 patients with 49 hip fractures. The mean age was 76 years. There were 27 subcapital fractures and 22 intertrochanteric fractures. The overall 6-month mortality was 47%. The mortality in the subcapital group was 60% and that in the intertrochanteric group 27%. The mortality in the patients with subcapital fractures treated with an endoprosthesis was 75%. The incidence of dislocation in the group treated with endoprosthesis was 37%, and all those patients died. The overall incidence of pressure sores was 49%. Internal fixation is recommended for treatment of hip fractures in patients with Parkinson's disease. PMID- 7379395 TI - Unilateral congenital hip dislocation with contralateral avascular necrosis. AB - Seventy-six children with previoulsy undiagnosed unilateral congenital dislocation of the hip were examined after 2 years of age. Nine had radiologic signs of dislocation on one side and avascular necrosis of the contralateral femoral head. The incidence of necrosis on the contralateral side in older children with unilateral dislocation is much higher than among the normal population. The cause of these occurrences of aseptic necrosis is not known but could be associated with abnormal stress on an undislocated femoral head from dysfunction of a contralateral unstable dislocated femoral head. PMID- 7379396 TI - Treatment of intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures with Ender's intramedullary rods. AB - A series of 100 patients was treated with Ender's rods for intertrochanteric fractures, subtrochanteric fractures and intertrochanteric pathologic lesions. Healing occurred within 4 months in all 85 of the patients who could be followed, and fractures were prevented in all 4 of the patients with pathologic lesions. Every patient who was ambulatory preoperatively regained ambulation within 3 months after surgery. Inhospital mortality for the series was 3%, compared to 8.4% for a 20-year series of 1,204 hip fractures treated by conventional means. Other advantages of the Ender's rod method are simplicity of the insertion procedure, minimal trauma and blood loss, uniform distribution of stress, early ambulation and weight bearing, and lower morbidity. PMID- 7379397 TI - The synovial membrane in human coxathrosis: light and electron microscopic studies. AB - Changes of the synovium are in integral part of osteoarthritis. Most authors regard these changes as secondary to cartilage degeneration. However, synovitis is a very early feature in osteoarthritis, and increased knowledge of changes in the chemical composition of the synovia focused our attention on the histologic characteristics of osteoarthritic synovium. Light and electron microscopic studies of the synovial membrane from patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis of the hip joints were performed. Two distinct types of osteoarthritic synovitis were observed: an early proliferative from characterized by venous stasis with edema, free erythrocytes and hemosiderine deposits in the interstitial tissue, that suggested increased capillary permeability. In the late form, fibrous synovitis, the microscopic picture was dominated by dense fibrous tissue. Synovium from rheumatoid arthritis showed the same vascular changes as in osteoarthritis. In addition, the histologic picture was characterized by severe inflammatory changes. In osteoarthritis the signs of inflammation were moderate or absent. The development from proliferative into fibrous synovitis is probably the result of long-standing chronic venous insufficiency. The essential feature of osteoarthritic proliferative synovitis--venous stasis with increased capillary permeability--correlates well with most of the known changes in the composition of the synovial fluid. PMID- 7379398 TI - Gas gangrene in a wound treated without skin closure: a case report. AB - Clostridial myonecrosis developed in a compound tibial fracture wound left open after extensive surgical debridement. The patient survived after having a below knee amputation and postoperative erythromycin. Prophylactically administered cephalothin failed to prevent the clostridial infection. PMID- 7379399 TI - Possible varicella lesion of the humerus: a case report. AB - Bone involvement has been previously reported in various viral diseases, not including varicella. What may have been a varicella lesion of bone appeared in the humerus of an 11-year-boy. PMID- 7379400 TI - The treatment of pyogenic bone and joint infections by closed irrigation-suction. AB - An improved method of closed irrigation-suction treatment of bone and joint infections is described. The method utilizes a crisscross flow-reversal system using a double tube which prevents obstruction of the tube. A series of 154 patients with acute and chronic bone and joint infections were treated with closed irrigation in 172 closed irrigation-suction procedures. One hundred forty eight cases (86.0%) were treated successfully, 7 cases (4.1%) were improved, and 17 cases (9.9%) were failures. Blood concentration levels of antibiotics were examined during closed irrigation. Absorption of antibiotics from the wound was insignificant. Culture and sentivity tests of drainage during closed irrigation are used to monitor the cleansing of the wound. Serum hepatitis was seen in 4 cases within the hematogenous group and in 6 cases within the traumatic group. Postoperative bleeding during irrigation was an important complication. PMID- 7379402 TI - Treatment of chronic elbow instability. AB - Four patients developed chronic elbow instability following closed traumatic dislocations. All patients had disruption of the anterior capsule of the elbow joint with avulsion of the brachialis from its insertion on the coronoid process. Repair of the anterior soft tissues restored elbow stability with minimal difficulty and no significant complications. PMID- 7379401 TI - Osteochondritis dissecans of elbow, ankle and hip: a comparison survey. AB - In 36 patients treated for osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the elbow, ankle and hip during a period of 20 years in the same hospital, trauma seems to have been the main etiologic factor in about half of the patients. The first symptoms of the lesions occurred when the patients were between 15 and 20 years of age. Osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow was seen in 19 men. Osteochondritis dissecans in the ankle occurred in 6 men and 5 women. Osteochondritis dissecans in the hip appeared in 5 men and one woman. The first symptoms were pain and restriction of joint movement. Conservative treatment was satisfactory for about one-half of the patients. When operative treatment was indicated, extirpation of loose bodies or loosening fragments was the treatment of choice in OCD of the elbow and ankle. Fixation of the fragment gave satistfactory results in some cases of OCD of the hip. Late results were excellent in only about one-half of the patients. Osteoarthritic changes appeared in the hip, elbow, ankle, in order of decreasing frequency. PMID- 7379403 TI - Pathologic fracture of the clavicle caused by arteriovenous malformation. AB - An anusual pathologic fracture of clavicle was caused in a 48-year-old woman by an arteriovenous malformation. The lesion radiologically mimicked a neoplastic process. Arteriography disclosed the vascular cause. Treatment was achieved by interrupting the feeding vessels and resecting the involved bony segment. PMID- 7379404 TI - Recent advances in research in prosthetics for children. AB - New prosthetic components are being designed and developed specifically to meet needs of children. Some are primarily new power systems for operating components which are already in general use, and some are entirely new components such as those developed at the Child Amputee Prosthetics Project at UCLA. These include the CAPP Terminal Device, the CAPP Multi-Position Post, CAPP Wrist Units, the CAPP Modular Elbow, the CAPP Two-Way Shoulder Joint, the CAPP Frame Shoulder Socket, and the CAPP Prosthetic Foot for Above-Knee Amputees. At present, there is great interest in externally powered components, and these are being developed at many centers around the world. A new electric elbow, is the Motor-Lock Elbow, was developed at New York University; a Swedish Electric Hand extends the application of the Otto Bock Myoelectric System to the very young child; the 3 state myoelectric system developed in New Brunswick, Canada, allows the amputee to control 2 functions from a single muscle site, and the INAIL System from Italy is based on a procedure for evaluation and fitting with externally powered along with body powered components. The pneumatically powered Simpson Arm and Kenworthy Hand from Scotland are based on the concept of extended physiologic proprioception. All of the components selected for this review are now being developed or tested so that clinical application can be anticipated. PMID- 7379405 TI - Dynamic bracing: elastics for patients with cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy and myelodysplasia. AB - Conventional bracing places constraints on the determinants of gait, which in the borderline patient, may derange gait as much or more than the postural deformity being treated. A small number of children with cerebral palsy, spina bifida, and muscular dystrophy were treated with below-knee orthoses (BKO) along with elastic bracing of the remainder of the limb. The elastics were used to augment muscle power in weakness, oppose spastic muscles, supply antagonism to unopposed muscle, and improve function. The key elements in this system include proximal attachment of elastics to the below-knee orthosis resultin in effective knee action independent of foot control; variable 2-joint function of elastics; and emphasis on a BKO-shoe combination, which positions the knee in front of the ankle at midstance. Because a small number of components are employed to produce a variety of actions, an understanding of the mechanics fo gait is needed for the rational application of this method of treatment as well as for the selection of suitable patients. PMID- 7379406 TI - Niflumic acid-induced skeletal fluorosis: iatrogenic disease or therapeutic perspective for osteoporosis? AB - A case of skeletal fluorosis induced by prolonged treatment with niflumic acid, a fast-acting non-steroid antiinflammatory agent, is reported in a 35-year-old woman suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and treated, in addition, with corticosteroids. The case report discussed is, to our knowledge, the third of its kind regarding bone fluorosis resulting from use of this nicotinic derivative. This clinically asymptomatic case of skeletal fluorosis was discovered, as in the 2 previously reported cases, by the examination of bone X-ray (performed as part of the routine work-up for rheumatoid arthritis) which showed evident osteosclerosis. Quantitative histologic study of iliac crest biopsy revealed marked increase in trabecular bone volume and osteoid volume, suggestive of fluorosis. Abnormally high urine and bone fluoride confirmed the diagnosis. After ruling out a hydrotelluric source of fluorine, the patient's fluorosis was linked to chronic use of niflumic acid, following the publication in 1978 of the 2 previously reported cases affected by this drug. The fluorine contained in niflumic acid induced a marked densification of trabecular bone in all 3 cases. Long-term clinical and pharmacokinetic studies will be required to determine whether or not niflumic acid can be employed in the prevention or treatment of both of apparently idiopathic osteoporosis or corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. PMID- 7379407 TI - Normal talar tilt. PMID- 7379408 TI - Myoelectric prosthetic fitting in young children. AB - Fitting myoelectrically controlled hand prostheses to young children has previously been considered unrealistic and even contraindicated. In 1971 the first preschool child was supplied with a myoelectric prosthesis at the Regional Hospital in Orebro, Sweden. A total of 40 young unilateral below-elbow congenital amputee children have thus far been fitted. The youngest children were 16 months of age when fitted. Such prostheses are clearly better integrated and accepted by children than by most adults. However, certain condiderations must be taken into account: the stump parameters ought to be suitable and the fitting done by a skilled team; the training must be properly followed up in close cooperation with the parents, who should be thoroughly and adequately informed; possibilities of prosthetic adjustments and rapid repairs should be mentioned; and psychological factors must be carefully evaluated. Under these conditions a very early myoelectric prosthetic fitting can be expected to greatly benefit the individual. PMID- 7379409 TI - Infant amputees: early growth and care. AB - Limb-deficient children are more like their physically normal peers than like children with other kinds of physical differences or adult amputees. The therapist working with these children should foster their normal development, and be guided by the child's needs and interests when intervention is necessary. Children who have functional upper extremities can and should lead virtually normal lives. Those who have severe upper limb deficiencies may always be dependent on others for help in certain activities. Prosthetic restoration usually, but not alway, effective in improving the amputee's functional abilities. Prostheses are not actual replacements for real limbs, but usually restore considerable function to the amputee. The amputee is the best judge of whether prosthetic restoration is beneficial to him. In working with limb deficient children, the author has discovered that for them, less (treatment) is more. The author would also suggest that the practice of minimal intervention has more applications in rehabilitation medicine, and desrves further exploration. PMID- 7379410 TI - Occupational therapy for the limb-deficient child: a developmental approach to treatment planning and selection of prostheses for infants and young children with unilateral upper extremity limb deficiencies. AB - Habilitation of the upper extremity limb-deficient child is enhanced when the treatment program is based on normal growth and development guidelines. Specific developmental tasks have been identified as key indicators of a child's readiness to benefit from prosthetic fitting, activation of major components, use training, and changes in prosthetic design such as modular prostheses and electric components. Use of developmental guidelines also enhances family support because their role in the program can be realistically defined and supported. PMID- 7379411 TI - The Krukenberg procedure in the juvenile amputee. AB - The Krukenberg procedure has been performed unilaterally on juvenile amputee patients with congenital bilateral absence of the hands and observed by long-term follow-up examinations. The opposite extremity was routinely fitted with a standard prosthetic prescription as an assistive hand. In all cases, the Krukenberg stump became the leading hand. In some of the cases, the prosthesis on the opposite hand has been discarded in favor of the sensibility available without. The prehension ability of the Krukenberg stump has provided the patient with all of his functional needs. The results have been remarkably rewarding to these patients. There has been virtually no concern evidenced by the patient or the parents about the appearance of the stump. The surgical procedure has been considered to be reasonably uncomplicated. Postoperative rehabilitation has been simple and rapid. The patients have continued to improve in their rehabilitation, and the Krukenberg forceps with its improved prehension and sensibility has improved the quality of life of these people. This procedure should be extended to more individuals who have the severe handicap of bilateral hand loss. PMID- 7379412 TI - Current uses of mobility aids. AB - Developmental milestones are a key indicator in determining a proper mobility aid. Proper positioning is essential if the individual is to utilize the mobility aid to its fullest potential, thereby maximizing independence. This article deals with mobility aids available, as well as techniques for providing supportive yet comfortable positioning. PMID- 7379413 TI - Surgery of the hip in myelomeningocele as related to adult goals. AB - This article summarizes our overall principles of orthopedic treatment of the hip and the basis for these principles. We hope our young patients with undergo fewer operative procedures, spend less time in the hospital, and be better adapted for their adult lives. This will be accomplished by better prognosis of their adult abilities and by treating the problems related to those objectives, not their X rays or transient childhood goals. PMID- 7379414 TI - Genetics and limb deficiencies. AB - The majority of cases of limb deficiencies are sporadic with no recurrence risk. This is particularly true for terminal transverse defects. Some terminal transverse defects, such as acheiropody, however, are part of genetic syndromes. There is a variety of radial defects, some of them autosomal dominant, some autosomal recessive, some due to chromosomal aberrations, and some sporadic. It is usually possible to indicate the mode of inheritance of radial defects by paying close attention to morphologic details of the limb malformation and to accompaying malformations. Most ulnar and fibular defects are sporadic, yet there are some genetic syndromes in which absence of ulna or fibula may occur. There are several domonant types of splithand-splitfoot. Classification is difficult, however, because of the great intrafamilial variability. Atypical nonhereditary splithand is usually unilateral. Most cases of unilateral total syndactyly probably belong to the same category. PMID- 7379416 TI - [Analysis of stabilogram in spinocerebellar degenerations: its relation to neurological signs and symptoms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379415 TI - Joint motion limitation in newborns. AB - Fifty neonates were evaluated and followed for 2 years with attention to the passive range of joint motion. Passive range of motion was symmetrical throughout this period. Only the hips were noted to have persistent contractures in flexion and external rotation during these 2 years. Such deformities of the hip make judgements about anteversion in infancy difficult. They also help explain the peculiarity of the lordotic, externally rotated gait seen initially in many toddlers. PMID- 7379418 TI - [Subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy with wide lesions of CNS occurring in siblings. An autopsy case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379419 TI - [Recording and analysis of gait, foot tapping and static equilibrium in patients with cerebellar degeneration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379421 TI - Evaluation of left ventricular performance by gated radionuclide angiography. AB - Gated radionuclide angiography (RVG) in orthogonal projections was used to evaluate left ventricular volume, ejection fraction, and segmental wall motion. Images of the left ventricle at end-diastole and end-systole were outlined in two projections using a simple manual method. The perimeter drawings were digitized on a desktop computer, interfaced to an XY recorder and left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction calculated. The results were compared to contrast left ventriculography (CVG) in the same projections. RVG and CVG gave similar results for end-diastolic volume (r = .87, P less than 0.001), end-systolic volume (r = .95, P less than 0.001), and ejection fraction (r = .89, P less than 0.001) over a wide range of values. In 92% of all left ventricular segments analyzed, RVG and CVG showed only minor differences in the analysis of wall motion. Reproducibility of the method by a trained observer was excellent. Interobserver trials demonstrated that less well-trained observers consistently over- or underestimated volumes, emphasizing the need for prior experience in RVG analysis. Use of this manual method for analysis of gated equilibrium RVG in orthogonal projections appears to be a reasonably accurate, reproducible method for evaluating left ventricular function. PMID- 7379423 TI - Early detection of pneumonia by Gallium-67 scintigraphy in a patient with normal chest radiographs. PMID- 7379422 TI - Demonstration of pleural-peritoneal communication with radionuclide imaging. AB - This case report illustrates the demonstration of pleural-peritoneal communication in a patient with a malfunctioning LeVeen shunt by a simple, noninvasive radionuclide technique. The patient was a 54-year-old woman who had had a LeVeen shunt placed for the treatment of intractable ascites. Tc-99m-sulfur colloid was injected intraperitoneally, and the scan showed concentration of the tracer in the pleural space, thus confirming pleural-peritoneal communication. PMID- 7379420 TI - Accumulation of Tc-99m-sulfur colloid by the lung and kidney following disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - A patient is described who demonstrated accumulation of Tc-99m-sulfur colloid in both the lung and kidney following treatment for disseminated intravascular coagulation. This phenomenon has been demonstrated experimentally in animals following the induction of disseminated intravascular coagulation, but to our knowledge has not been previously described in humans. PMID- 7379424 TI - Detection of subdural empyema with radionuclides. AB - Computed tomography (CT) is now the standard method of confirming a diagnosis of suspected subdural empyema. We report a case in which the radionuclide brain scan was abnormal at a time when the CT scan was normal. An Indium-111-labeled leukocyte scan was also performed in this patient and demonstrated abnormal uptake in the empyema. The scintigraphic findings in a second case of subdural empyema are also described. The relative roles of radionuclide studies and CT scans in the patient with suspected subdural empyema are discussed. PMID- 7379417 TI - [A case of partial lipodystrophy with erythema, dactylic deformities, calcification of the basal ganglia, immunological disorders and low IQ level (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379427 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of genetic defects: foreword. PMID- 7379426 TI - P-32 therapy of polycythemia: a review and reappraisal. PMID- 7379425 TI - Bacterial meningitis complicated by spinal arachnoiditis: diagnostic contribution of Tc-99m-inulin myeloscintigraphy. AB - Six cases of bacterial meningitis with myeloscintigraphic evidence of medullary arachnoiditis are reported. Four patients has tuberculous meningitis, another showed severe myelopathy, and the last was suspected to have hydrocephalus. Arachnoiditis is suspected when the earliest images show a sharp decrease of tracer concentration. Scintigraphy began 2 hours after lumbar injection of Tc-99m Polyfructosan and imaging was performed at intervals of 2, 4, and 6 hours. This method has proved easy, innoculous, reproducible, and, owing to the small amount of irradiation, studies may be repeated during and after therapy. Scintigraphy is superior to the Queckenstedt test becaise it detects partial blocks and localizes lesions. PMID- 7379428 TI - Ethical and legal considerations of antenatal diagnosis. PMID- 7379431 TI - Suicidal children. PMID- 7379429 TI - Amniocentesis for antenatal diagnosis of genetic defects. AB - Amniocentesis for intrauterine diagnosis of genetic disease is a safe and highly accurate procedure. This is most fortunate since the timing of the procedure (14 to 16 weeks) and the length of time necessary to cultivate the cells and perform the analysis (3 to 5 weeks) makes it almost mandatory, and almost unique in medicine, that patient management be based on a single non-repeated laboratory procedure. It should be recommended to all patients for whom there is a specific indication for antenatal genetic studies. PMID- 7379430 TI - The role of fetoscopy in antenatal diagnosis. AB - The application of fetoscopy has been limited thus far, but many uses can be envisioned for the future. Fetal blood sampling via fetoscopy provides information concerning haemoglobinopathies, various enzymatic activities, immunological competence, and haematological status. In addition to direct visualization for fetal malformations, fetoscopy could prove useful for intrauterine therapeutics. For example, intrauterine transfusion under direct visualization would allow earlier treatment of Rh-sensitized erythroblastoic fetuses, and administration of pharmacological agents and nutrients seems feasible. PMID- 7379432 TI - Attempted suicide in a five-year-old boy. PMID- 7379433 TI - Intentional self-destructive behavior in children under age ten. PMID- 7379434 TI - Occult pneumococcal bacteremia and the febrile infant and young child. AB - Occult pneumonoccemia (OP) is unsuspected Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia occurring in a previously well child who presents with fever associated with either no focus or an upper respiratory focus infection. In this report, four cases of OP are presented and the literature is reviewed. The risk of OP appears highest for children, seen in urban emergency rooms and clinics, who are 6 to 24 months of age with rectal temperatures greater than or equal to 38.9 C (102 F) and who have white blood cell counts greater than or equal to 15,000/mm3. Other symptoms associated with OP include irritability, rhinorrhea, and febrile seizures. When recalled because of positive blood cultures, 40 per cent of untreated patients with OP had had spontaneous resolution of their illness, 29 per cent had persistent fever or symptoms and sterile blood cultures, 22 per cent had persistent fever or symptoms and positive blood cultures, while 10 per cent had a febrile course complicated by pneumococcal meningitis. PMID- 7379435 TI - A study of beta hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis in patients with infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 7379436 TI - Selective hearing screening for young children. AB - A "selective" hearing screening program was instituted in an early education project. Three-year-old children were deemed "at risk" for mild-to-moderate hearing loss if they met one of the risk criteria established by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing Screening, if they had recurrent ear infections, or if there was parent or staff concern about the child's hearing. Based on these criteria, 31 per cent of the 228 children in the project were eligible for full audiologic evaluation at a speech and hearing center. The parents of 45 children took advantage of this special evaluation. Twenty-nine per cent of these selected children had some hearing loss documented. The highest yields of abnormal hearing were for children "at risk" because of recurrent ear infections (42%), and parent for educational staff concern (71%). PMID- 7379437 TI - Endotracheal foreign bodies. Difficulties in diagnosis. AB - The diagnosis of foreign body aspiration into the lower airway depends primarily on the radiographic demonstration of partial bronchial obstruction causing localized air trapping or atelectasis, present in 95 per cent of the cases. Endotracheal foreign bodies may often be visualized directly on high kilovoltage radiographs of the airway of the airway or by fluoroscopy. In three of the four cases presented in this report, radiologic evaluation was normal, but endotracheal foreign bodies were subsequently demonstrated endoscopically. Foreign objects may remain in the trachea for prolonged periods of time, causing persistent coughing, wheezing, or stridor. When there is a clear history or strong suspicion of foreign body aspiration in a patient with persistent symptoms, bronchoscopy should be used for diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7379438 TI - Treatment of Goodpasture's syndrome with plasma exchange and immunosuppression. PMID- 7379439 TI - Parental guilt: self-induced and iatrogenic. PMID- 7379440 TI - Interaction between oral propranolol and hydralazine. AB - Seven healthy subjects were given oral propranolol (1 mg/kg) alone or in combination with hydralazine 25, 50, or 100 mg on separate occasions. Hydralazine induced variable increases in the peak concentrations (p less than 0.05) and in the area under the propranolol concentration: time curves (p less than 0.02) without change in the recovery of 14 C-propranolol/metabolites in urine or in the systemic clearance of propranolol; i.e., oral hydralazine enhanced the systemic availability of propranolol by alteration of "first-pass" (hepatic) clearance. The results indicate the possibility of change in presystemic clearance without reciprocal change in systemic clearance and also suggest that propranolol or any other high-clearance drug should be administered in fixed relationship to hydralazine and other drugs capable of altering "first-pass" hepatic extraction (either due to alteration in splanchnic blood flow or competitive inhibition of metabolism) if large variations in plasma concentrations are to be avoided. PMID- 7379441 TI - Effect of dose and uremia on plasma and urine profiles of propranolol metabolites. AB - The relationship between plasma levels of 4 propranolol metabolites- naphthoxylactic acid (NLA), 4-hydroxypropranolol (4-OH), naphthoxyacetic acid (NAA), and propranolol glycol (PG)--and propranolol plasma levels was determined in healthy, adult male subjects after increasing single oral doses of propranolol. NLA was present at plasma levels 6 to 25 times that of propranolol. More than 90% of circulating NLA was in the plasma fraction, where it was 95% protein bound. The ratio of plasma concentrations of the pharmacologically active metabolite 4-OH to propranolol approached unity 0.5 hr after propranolol, 160 mg or 320 mg orally, but fell rapidly. Plasma levels of NAA were in the same range as propranolol, especially as time progressed. PG circulated at plasma levels less than 12% of propranolol. As oral doses of propranolol were increased from 20 to 320 mg, there was a decrease in intrinsic plasma clearance (Cli) from 425 to 200 1/hr. Half-life rose from 3 to 5 hr. Urinary recovery of 4-OH fell as Cli rose. Urinary recovery of propranolol conjugates, NLA, and N desisopropylpropranolol (NDIPP) rose as Cli fell. Our results suggest that naphthalene ring oxidation of propranolol represents a high-affinity low-capacity enzymatic pathway(s) that plays an important role in the extensive hepatic extraction of propranolol after small doses orally. Plasma NLA and plasma NAA were determined before and after hemodialysis in 14 uremic patients receiving long-term propranolol therapy. Mean plasma NLA was 4.372 ng/ml, and mean plasma NAA level was 238 ng/ml when mean plasma propranolol level was 15 ng/ml. PMID- 7379442 TI - Metoprolol kinetics and dose response in hypertensive patients. AB - The kinetics and dose-response characteristics of metoprolol were examined in a series of hypertensive patients. In 14 the elimination half-life of metoprolol after single 100-mg doses (4.1 +/- 0.6 hr) was prolonged (p less than 0.05) after 6 to 12 wk of therapy (5.6 +/- 0.7 hr). In 5 patients receiving 100 mg twice daily evidence of nonlinear metoprolol kinetics emerged, because the area under the concentration-time curve at steady state was 86.8% more (p less than 0.02) than predicted from a single dose. Kinetic data from single doses of metoprolol appear to be a poor predictor of steady-state kinetics. Single metoprolol dosage also induced a fall (p less than 0.01) in blood pressure with pretreatment levels (163/108), reaching a minimum at 5 hr (133/189). During long-term therapy incremented doses of metoprolol between 100 and 600 mg/day in 34 hypertensive patients resulted in a relatively horizontal dose-response curve at doses above 200 mg/day. PMID- 7379443 TI - Effects of metoprolol on effort angina during the postprandial state. AB - To determine whether beta blockers prevent the more rapid onset of effort angina during the postprandial state, metoprolol 100 mg was given before and after an 800-calorie meal in 12 male patients with stable angina and coronary artery disease. Three graded treadmill exercise tests were done daily on 2 days. After an overnight fast the first test on each day was done after a placebo to detect day-to-day variations. The second test was done 90 min after metoprolol or placebo given orally in a double-blind randomized fashion. Immediately thereafter the patients ate their meal and did their third test 30 min later. There was no significant difference between the first test on each day. After placebo the postprandial state was associated with an earlier onset of effort angina (310 and 370 sec, p less than 0.01) and with greater heart rate and systolic blood pressure rises for any work load. After metoprolol, however, there was no significant difference between the pre- and postprandial findings. During the postprandial state metoprolol delayed the onset of angina more than placebo (385 and 310 sec) and positive electrocardiogram (310 and 228 sec) and induced lowering of maximal heart rate (120 and 144 bpm) and systolic blood pressure (157 and 187 mm Hg) (p less than 0.01). Metoprolol slowed the rapid onset of effort agina during the postprandial state. PMID- 7379444 TI - Hemodynamic effects of oxdralazine and hydralazine in hypertension. AB - Oxdralazine, a pyridazine shown to induce prolonged arteriolar dilation in animals, was given orally in doses of 15 to 30 mg to 7 subjects with hypertension. Arterial pressure fell in 2 hr (average mean of 16 mm Hg), peaking in 3 to 4 hr, and was sustained for more than 6 hr. Cardiac output and heart rate rose in 2 hr (2.1 l/min and 17 bpm) and were elevated at 6 hr (3.1 l/min and 22 bpm). Pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary arteriolar resistance did not change. In 6 subjects receiving oxdralazine with hydralazine 50 to 75 mg at 1-wk intervals, hydralazine induced earlier, less sustained decreases in arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance and less of a rise in heart rate than oxdralazine alone. Circulating norepinephrine levels (radioenzymatic method) 3 hr after oxdralazine rose from a mean of 159 to 294 pg/ml, a greater (p less than 0.05) effect than after hydralazine. At the doses tested, oxdralazine is a potent systemic arteriolar dilator with longer-sustained action and more prominent reflex sympathetic stimulation than hydralazine. PMID- 7379445 TI - Prazosin kinetics and effectiveness in renal failure. AB - Single and repeated doses of prazosin were given to 17 hypertensive patients, 5 with normal renal function and 12 with impaired renal function. Blood for prazosin assay was drawn after a 1-mg single dose and after patients reached steady-state levels with their long-term maintenance dose. As blood was drawn blood pressure was recorded. Prazosin absorption was not altered in patients with impaired renal function, and there is no cumulation of the drug when given repeatedly to patients with impaired renal function. Elimination kinetics were virtually identical regardless of degree of renal function. Effect on blood pressure was significantly better at the dosage range of 3 to 8 mg/day than at higher doses of 9 to 20 mg/day. There does not appear to be a direct relationship between the peak plasma prazosin level and the nadir of antihypertensive response. This would seem to indicate that the drug leaves the plasma and goes to the vascular smooth muscle receptor site of action. There appears to be no impairment in prazosin elimination in patients with impaired renal function, and its effectiveness (with diuretic or dialysis) is optimum at 3 to 8 mg/day. PMID- 7379446 TI - Renal tubular secretion and effects of furosemide. AB - Continuous intravenous infusion of furosemide (8 mg/hr) to 6 healthy subjects induced an average diuresis at steady state of 667 +/- 144 ml/30 min (+/- SD) with a mean plasma concentration of furosemide of 623 +/- 209 ng/ml. The urinary output of Cl- was 50.4 +/- 7.5, of Na+ 47.7 +/- 8.7, and of K+ 5.4 +/- 0.6 mmole/30 min. Intravenous injection of probenecid (1 gm) raised the plasma furosemide level to a maximum of 1,584 +/- 151 ng/ml. Despite this, the urinary excretion of water, Cl-, Na+, and K+ decreased to 52%, 39%, 39%, and 52%, respectively, of control values. Probenecid greatly reduced the urinary excretion and renal clearance of furosemide. There was no or negative correlation between the plasma levels of furosemide and its diuretic and saluretic effects. The urinary excretion and renal clearance of the diuretic correlated positively with these effects. No effect of probenecid on protein binding of furosemide was detected. The findings show that the diuretic effects of furosemide depend on active tubular secretion of the drug and thus on its tubular fluid concentration. PMID- 7379447 TI - Reduction of digoxin-induced inotropism during quinidine administration. AB - A kinetic and dynamic study of digoxin was performed in 6 healthy subjects, and repeated in the same subjects after administration of quinidine for 1 wk. Myocardial performance evaluated by systolic time intervals increased in parallel with plasma digoxin concentration, whereas left ventricular end-diastolic diameter on echocardiography and arterial blood pressure remained constant. The positive inotropic effect of digoxin was abolished during concomitant treatment with quinidine. Quinidine has been reported to increase the risk of digitoxicity, and therefore the treatment with digoxin and quinidine in combination should be reconsidered. PMID- 7379448 TI - Electrocardiogram changes and plasma desipramine levels during treatment of depression. AB - Twenty-six symptomatic subjects who met research diagnostic criteria for major affective disorder and were free of cardiovascular disease were treated for 3 wk with a fixed dosage schedule of desipramine (DMI) to a maximum of 200 mg/day. An electrocardiogram (ECG) and DMI plasma level determinations were obtained before treatment and weekly thereafter. DMI levels during the trial ranged from 13.4 to 882.2 ng/ml. DMI treatment was associated with increase in heart rate (p less than 0.001), prolongation of the PR (p less than 0.001), QRS (p less than 0.001), and QTc intervals (p less than 0.001), and increase in T wave amplitude (p less than 0.001). Significant (p less than 0.001) but relatively weak correlations were noted between DMI plasma levels and heart rate (r = 0.405), QRS interval (r = 0.346), QTc interval (r = 0.534), and T wave amplitude (r = -0.386). PR interval prolongation was independent of DMI levels (r = 0.171). DMI treatment induced no clinically significant ECG alterations or cardiovascular adverse effects. The relevance of DMI plasma level and the possible roles of other contributing factors in the production of these ECG changes are discussed. PMID- 7379449 TI - Effects of aspirin on platelet aggregation as a function of dosage and time. AB - There are reports on the effects of high doses of aspirin on the alteration of platelet aggregation. In our study single doses of aspirin ranging from 81 to 325 mg were given orally to 7 normal subjects. In vitro measurement of platelet aggregation was carried out as a function of time. Based on our data we conclude that low-dose aspirin (81 mg) inhibits platelet aggregation. Both the rate and extent of platelet aggregation are impaired with low-dose aspirin, but neither the rate nor extent of platelet aggregation depends on the size of the dose. Platelet aggregation inhibition by a single dose of aspirin orally (greater than or equal to 81 mg) may be expected to persist for the life of the platelets affected. PMID- 7379450 TI - Rifampicin and vitamin D metabolism. AB - A 2-wk course of rifampicin orally (600 mg/day) in 8 male subjects resulted in a consistent fall in plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD) levels of around 70%, accompanied by increased oxidation of antipyrine and 6 beta-hydroxycortisol (indicative of hepatic enzyme induction). Plasma levels of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin were not altered. The fall in 25-OHD may represent the earliest lesion of drug-induced osteomalacia. PMID- 7379451 TI - Oral activated charcoal and dapsone elimination. AB - The effect of orally given activated charcoal on the elimination of therapeutic and toxic doses of dapsone was studied in 5 healthy subjects and in 2 intoxicated patients. In a randomized crossover study the subjects took a total dose of 500 mg dapsone over 4 days; 10 hr after the last 100-mg dose of dapsone 50 gm activated charcoal as a water suspension (or water) was taken, followed by 4 consecutive doses of 17 gm at 12-hr intervals. The half-life (t 1/2) of serum dapsone was 20.5 +/- 2.0 hr during the control period and 10.8 +/- 0.4 hr during the charcoal period (p less than 0.01). The t 1/2 on serum monoacetyldapsone (MADDS) was shortened from 19.3 +/- 1.2 hr to 9.5 +/- 0.7 hr (p less than 0.01) by charcoal. The t 1/2s of dapsone and MADDS, calculated on the basis of urinary excretion rate, were shortened by charcoal; Two patients had taken large doses of dapsone in suicide attempts. The use of activated charcoal, 80 gm/day for 1 or 2 days, increased (3 to 5 times) the rate of elimination of both dapsone and MADDS, as reflected in serum concentration and urinary excretion data. The use of multiple doses of charcoal seems to be indicated as supplementary treatment of certain intoxications during the postabsorption phase if the drugs have a long t 1/2 and if they are secreted into the gut with subsequent reabsorption. PMID- 7379452 TI - Cardiogenic hypertension: experimental evidence from a comparison between intravenous and intracoronary administration of dobutamine in conscious dogs. PMID- 7379453 TI - Selective and non-selective beta-adrenoreceptor blockade in the human forearm. PMID- 7379454 TI - Monocytes in inflammatory bowel disease: monocyte and serum lysosomal enzyme activity. AB - 1. The activity of a specific lysosomal marker enzyme N'-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase has been determined fluorimetrically in the monocytes and in the serum of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and compared with results obtained from healthy and disease control subjects. 2. Enzyme activities were measured in a monocyte-enriched suspension from a Ficoll-Triosil gradient and in an adherent monocyte preparation. 3. The results indicate that enzyme activity is greater in both monocytes and sera of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis than in those from control subjects (P less than 0.01). 4. Enzyme activity within monocytes correlated with disease activity (P less than 0.05). 5. Lysosomal enzymes may contribute to the pathogenesis of the mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 7379455 TI - Relationship between the basal blood alanine concentration and the removal of an alanine load in various clinical states in man. AB - 1. Blood alanine was measured in six patients undergoing total hip replacement and in four normal subjects starved for 4 days. Hypoalaninaemia occurred in both groups and persisted in the surgical patients despite an adequate diet. The blood alanine was also low in four insulin-dependent diabetic patients and in four patients with muscular dystrophy; it was normal in four patients with cirrhotic liver disease. 2. The removal of an intravenous L-alanine load (12 g; 133 mmol) was significantly increased after surgery and in the diabetic patients, unaltered by starvation, and decreased in the cirrhotic patients. 3. Increases in blood glucose were observed when alanine infusion was performed 6 h after surgery and after 3 days' starvation. Increases in blood lactate and pyruvate always occurred after alanine infusion but were most marked 6 h after surgery. 4. These results show that the metabolic response to an alanine load and the ability of the body to remove it alter with change in physiological state, and that the hypoalaninaemia after surgery and in diabetes is related to an increased removal of intravenous alanine, whereas that during starvation is not. PMID- 7379456 TI - Urinary conjugates of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethylene glycol do not provide an index of brain amine turnover in man. AB - 1. The 24 h urinary excretion of free 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethylene glycol (HMPG), HMPG conjugated as glucuronide and HMPG conjugated as sulphate was determined in nine healthy volunteer subjects and six patients with phaeochromocytoma. In both groups of subjects most (97%) HMPG was in the conjugated form. 2. Although patients with phaeochromocytoma excreted five- to ten-fold the amounts of each of the forms of HMPG excreted by the control subjects the ratio of these different forms of HMPG to each other did not differ significantly between the groups. 3. In cerbrospinal fluid and brain about 80% of HMPG was free and of the conjugated HMPG in these two tissues most was in the glucuronide form. 4. In is concluded from these data that both HMPG sulphate and HMPG glucuronide have a substantial peripheral origin and that measurements of their urinary excretion cannot be used as an index of brain catecholamine turnover. PMID- 7379457 TI - Rat liver storage iron and plasma ferritin during D-galactosamine-HCl-induced hepatitis. AB - 1. D-Galactosamine-HCl induces toxic hepatitis in the rat and was used as a model to study some aspects of iron metabolism during liver cell damage. Some changes in iron metabolism were similar to those encountered in human acute viral hepatitis. 2. During the first 3 days of liver cell damage induced by galactosamine, liver depot iron and especially ferritin iron decreased by approximately 20%. Plasma ferritin rose, with a peak mean value which was approximately 20 times the concentration measured in normal rats. 3. During the acute phase, plasma ferritin did not accurately reflect the change in the level of liver depot iron. 4. During and after the acute phase, liver depot iron increased after an initial decrease. The non-ferritin depot iron fraction was elevated approximately 75% compared with the value in normal rats. This increase in non-ferritin iron was probably caused by increased erythrocyte catabolism in the liver and recapture followed by catabolism of liver ferritin that had leaked into the blood. PMID- 7379458 TI - Creatinine metabolism in chronic renal failure. PMID- 7379459 TI - Effects of indomethacin on the metabolism of glycerol by rat-kidney tubules: an alternative explanation for the enhancement of glycerol-induced acute renal failure by indomethacin. AB - 1. The metabolism of glycerol by isolated rat-kidney tubules was investigated. 2. Indomethacin, at a concentration of 0.1 mmol/l, markedly inhibited the utilization of glycerol and its conversion into glucose and CO2. 3. The glycerol 3-phosphate production rose significantly when indomethacin was present, indicating a fall in the rate at which glycerol 3-phosphate was oxidized. 4. The results are discussed in relation to the observation that indomethacin increases the severity of glycerol-induced acute renal failure. PMID- 7379460 TI - Rise in plasma alkaline phosphatase at the menopause. AB - 1. Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and urine hydroxyproline excretion were measured in age-matched premenopausal and postmenopausal women. 2. Both measurements were found to be significantly higher in postmenopausal women. 3. It is proposed that the rise in the plasma alkaline phosphatase, like that in the hydroxyproline excretion, may reflect the onset of bone loss that occurs after the menopause. PMID- 7379461 TI - Risk to self, patients, and profession. Physician health problems. PMID- 7379462 TI - Effects of radiation on health. External penetrating radiation. PMID- 7379465 TI - Lectins for polyagglutinable red cells: Cytisus scoparius, Spartium junceum and Vicia villosa. AB - Three seed sources of lectins which are of potential value in the classification of red cell polyagglutinability are described. PMID- 7379463 TI - The ecology of primary ambulatory care: ramifications for the future. PMID- 7379466 TI - Cost accounting in plateletpheresis: comparison of two techniques. AB - Cost comparison of two comparably effective techniques of plateletpheresis, a manual method and an automated discontinuous flow centrifugation technique, is presented using a hypothetical model. The former procedure costs $62.48 per pheresis for disposables and labour as opposed to $78.32 per pheresis for disposables and labour for the latter. The annual volume of plateletpheresis at which the accumulated costs equal the total charges, i.e. the 'break-even' point, is calculated and found to be 63.7 for the automated technique and 10.9 for the manual method, if the charge for each is $200.00. For the manual method at a current charge of $80.00, the break even point is 85.8. The assumptions underlying this hypothetical model are examined, and the effects of deviation from these assumptions are analyzed in terms of the break even point. Cost accounting of plateletpheresis is shown to be dependent upon the choice of approach to allocation of costs, the assumptions of the cost accounting model, and the selection of an appropriate charge. PMID- 7379467 TI - Fibrinogen determination in a series of proficiency studies. AB - Fibrinogen estimations were performed in four quality control proficiency studies conducted by the National (UK) Reference Laboratory for Anticoagulant Reagents and Control for over five hundred hospitals in the UK and overseas during 1976- 1978, to evaluate the various techniques in current practice. More than 30 different estimation techniques were employed by participants and these could be classified into eight groups. The success in detecting a fibrinogen level below the normal range ('sensitivity') and reliability in providing a normal result for a value within the normal range ('specificity') have been determined. No method failed in both aspects. The tyrosine, clot weight, immunological and Clauss technique appeared reasonably satisfactory. The best results were obtained with the Clauss technique although the difference between this and the other quantitative techniques did not achieve statistical significance. Some were less dependable, notably the turbidity techniques and the thrombin time. Although no technique appeared to be superior to others from the standpoint of precision, turbidity techniques appeared to be the least precise showing the largest co efficient of variation. PMID- 7379464 TI - Erythropoietin assay using fetal mouse liver cell cultures: a modified technique using semi-automatic harvesting of I125 deoxyuridine labelled erythroblasts. AB - Modifications have been made to the fetal mouse liver cell bioassay for erythropoietin in an attempt to make the method easier and to improve specificity. Pooled human serum is used as a diluent for test serum samples, standard and control preparations in order to minimize the influence of other serum constituents on the assay results. Erythroblast proliferation is measured by incorporation of I125 deoxyuridine into DNA. The cell cultures are grown in microtitration plates and harvested semi-automatically on to glass fibre filter mats for determination of radioactivity. PMID- 7379468 TI - Laboratory evaluation of heparin therapy. AB - Plasma heparin levels measured using several different methods showed a wide variation in results. In particular an anti-factor Xa clotting technique gave very much higher results than thrombin clotting time and partial thromboplastin time techniques. This was less marked when a synthetic chromogenic substrate assay was used. Possible reasons for these observations and their relevance in the selection of therapeutic ranges are discussed. PMID- 7379469 TI - Data processing in pathology laboratories: the extension of the Phoenix system into haematology. AB - A computer data-processing system in the chemical pathology laboratories of the Royal Postgraduate Medical School at Hammersmith Hospital was described recently. This has now been extended to include the haematology laboratory. In the main, the original 'Phoenix' programs were adaptable to the new subject, but two major new programs were required, one to deal with automated blood counting by the Coulter S and one to accept film examination results on-line. The programs and procedures have been thoroughly tested and in routine use since 1977. The results have fully justified their introduction. PMID- 7379470 TI - Plasma and whole blood viscosity in treated primary polycythaemia. AB - Whole blood viscosity at a range of shear rates (230--0.77 s-1) and plasma viscosity have been measured in 39 patients with treated primary polycythaemia (idiopathic erythrocytosis and primary proliferative polycythaemia) and 30 age matched normal individuals. There was a wider range of plasma viscosity and whole blood viscosity values at the same haematocrit (0.46), particularly at the lower shear rates, in the 'polycythaemic' group than the normal group. Hypochromic microcytic red cell changes present in 14 patients in the 'polycythaemic' group did not have any noticeable influence on whole blood viscosity at a given haematocrit value, since plasma protein factors override any possible effect of these red cell changes. The range of observed whole blood viscosity results in the 'polycythaemic' patients at the same haematocrit (0.46) was equivalent to the effect on whole blood viscosity of a rise in haematocrit from 0.41 to 0.51. Since there is such a range of whole blood viscosity at the same haematocrit, the haematocrit alone does not necessarily give a precise assessment of the viscosity of a whole blood sample. Since there is evidence from other publications that blood flow in vitro may be critically influenced by whole blood viscosity, this lack of precision should be considered when treating patients at risk of vascular occlusive episodes. PMID- 7379472 TI - [Myocardial oxygen supply and hemoglobin "compliance" for oxygen]. PMID- 7379473 TI - [Effects of acute ischemia induced by auricular stimulation on the coronary blood flow of the dog]. PMID- 7379475 TI - [Portal hypertension and pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 7379471 TI - [Tissue noradrenaline and disturbances of cardiac rhythm in ischemic rat heart perfused with fatty acids]. PMID- 7379474 TI - [Traumatic left ventricular aneurysm]. PMID- 7379476 TI - [Calcified endomyocardial fibrosis localised in the left ventricle in an autochthon]. PMID- 7379477 TI - [Interactions between amiodarone and general anesthesia in coronary disease patients]. PMID- 7379478 TI - [Terminal coma and the criteria of death]. PMID- 7379479 TI - [Pressure/volume relationships in the beating heart]. PMID- 7379480 TI - [Myocardial metabolism during atrial stimulation and methoxamine perfusion]. PMID- 7379481 TI - [Aprindine treatment of ventricular arrhythmias]. PMID- 7379482 TI - [Current role of the effort test in cardiology]. PMID- 7379484 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis: tactical considerations. PMID- 7379483 TI - [Anoxia: effects on the trabeculae of the mammalian myocardium]. PMID- 7379485 TI - Prevention of diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 7379486 TI - Ovarian cancer: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7379487 TI - Management of malignant hypertension. PMID- 7379488 TI - Asbestos related disease: difficulties in diagnosing occupationally related illness. PMID- 7379489 TI - Scintigraphic evaluation of coronary artery disease. PMID- 7379491 TI - Preventing death after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7379490 TI - Myoglobinemia levels in diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7379492 TI - Infective endocarditis: changes in etiology, diagnosis, and management. PMID- 7379493 TI - Long-term survival after recovery from acute myocardial infarction. AB - Long-term prognosis following recovery from acute myocardial infarction is related to the extent of myocardial impairment. This is reflected in a variety of clinical laboratory, and electrocardiographic variables which are often routinely obtained during the hospital course of a patient with acute myocardial infarction. When these factors are utilized to produce prognostic indices, patients may be stratified into a variety of survival groups. Results now indicate that very early after the development of an acute myocardial infarction there are sufficient data for the development of a long-term prognostic assessment. This information should improve our clinical approach to the patient recovering from acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7379494 TI - The management of thrombophlebitis (intravascular clotting: a biologic error). PMID- 7379495 TI - Chemical link to autism. PMID- 7379496 TI - Salt restriction aids medicated hypertensive. PMID- 7379500 TI - Structural analysis of eye movement response to visual field stimuli. PMID- 7379498 TI - Diagnosis and management of abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 7379499 TI - Simulated and experimental temperature responses in man during exercise in varying environments. PMID- 7379497 TI - Risk factors and cardiovascular disease. AB - Current data indicate that correction of one or more risk factors results in a decrease in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is important, therefore, to identify early the high-risk individual who has one or more risk factors and to introduce treatment before the development of cardiovascular disease. Evidence to date suggests that correction of risk factors after the development of cardiovascular disease is less likely to show a beneficial effect on the progression of the cardiovascular disease. Treatment of cardiovascular risk factors is warranted and outweighs the minimal risk that such treatment may entail. PMID- 7379501 TI - IDA: an interactive data analysis system for clinical and experimental research. PMID- 7379502 TI - Freedom and control in the inpatient setting - a search for new directions. PMID- 7379503 TI - The course of marital disputes in depressed women: a 48-month follow-up study. PMID- 7379505 TI - On surviving cancer: psychological considerations. PMID- 7379504 TI - Ego-dystonic homosexuality. PMID- 7379507 TI - Toward hospitalization criteria for violent patients. PMID- 7379506 TI - Suicide attempts in antisocial personality disorder. PMID- 7379508 TI - Treatment of war neuroses from Vietnam. PMID- 7379509 TI - Anorexia nervosa: controversial aspects of therapy. PMID- 7379510 TI - Delirium updated. PMID- 7379511 TI - Personality as a subclinical expression of the affective disorders. PMID- 7379516 TI - Schizophrenia and the response to facial emotions. PMID- 7379513 TI - Depression, EEG sleep, and clinical response. PMID- 7379512 TI - The idea of "cultural" psychiatry: a comment on the foundations of cultural psychiatry. PMID- 7379514 TI - Defining psychiatry in primary care: origins, opportunities, and obstacles. PMID- 7379515 TI - Effects of clinical experience on rating DSM III symptoms of schizophrenia. PMID- 7379517 TI - Phobic neurosis and ABO blood types. PMID- 7379518 TI - The planning and preparation for breast cancer reconstruction--a perspective approach for general surgeons. PMID- 7379519 TI - Computerized tomography in evaluation of Cushing's syndrome. PMID- 7379521 TI - The primary head and neck manifestations of myasthenia gravis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a diagnostic aid. PMID- 7379520 TI - Tuberous sclerosis associated with chylothorax. PMID- 7379522 TI - Surgical Grand Rounds from Yale-New Haven Hospital: The changing clinical presentation of colo-rectal cancer. PMID- 7379523 TI - Consensus development summaries. Improving clinical and consumer use of blood pressure measuring devices. Organized by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, assisted by the Office for Medical Applications of Research, NIH. PMID- 7379525 TI - The AAMC and medical education in the 1970's. PMID- 7379524 TI - Divorce counseling: helping the woman cope. PMID- 7379526 TI - The FDA new drug approval process. PMID- 7379527 TI - Physician's hospital privileges--ebb and flow. PMID- 7379528 TI - Excretory systems in the hagfish Myxine glutinosa. PMID- 7379529 TI - Experimental models of acute renal failure. PMID- 7379531 TI - Goldblatt hypertension in rats: a model for unilateral renal artery stenosis in man. AB - Determinants of glomerular ultrafiltration were studied by micropuncture in clamped (n = 11) and unclamped (n = 7) kidneys of two-kidney hypertensive rats and compared to 15 controls. Infusion of the angiotensin II antagonist and saralasin lowered the blood pressure significantly. Glomerular capillary pressure (PGC) in clamped kidneys was decreased to 56 +/- (SD) 3 vs. 61 +/- 3 mm Hg in controls. Early proximal flow rate (EPFR) was decreased to 20 +/- 1 vs. 26 +/- 2 nl/min in controls, at an unchanged single nephron filtration fraction (SNFF), indicating a reduced glomerular plasma flow (SNGPF). Preglomerular resistance (RA) was increased by 21%. In unclamped kidneys PGC was increased to 65 +/- 2 mm Hg. EPFR was increased to 32 +/- 2 nl/min, indicating, at an unchanged SNFF, an increased SNGPF. RA increased by 51%, whereas postglomerular resistance declined by 25%. The ultrafiltration coefficient was reduced by 24% in unclamped kidneys. Our results indicate that in clamped kidneys an increase of RA causes a reduction of PGC and hence a reduction of pressure at the baroreceptor site which may act as a trigger mechanism for renin release. PMID- 7379530 TI - BAEE esterase (kallikrein-like) activity in parotid saliva of normal rats and rats with various forms of experimental hypertension (genuine, renovascular and DOCA salt hypertension). AB - A technique for continuous and quantitative collection of parotid saliva including salivary flow rate determination for in vitro experiments in rats is described. Kallikrein-like activity in parotid saliva of rats with various forms of arterial hypertension (genuine, renovascular and DOCA salt hypertension) was studied. Kallikrein-like excretion was measured by its estoerolytic activity using benzoyl arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) as a substrate. The levels of kallikrein-like activity in parotid saliva of normotensive control rats ranged between 2.5 and 4.0 mU/min during salivary flow stimulation with pilocarpine. In all forms of experimental hypertension kallikrein-like activity in saliva was increased two-to fourfold. This increase was not related to the activity of the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 7379532 TI - Proteinuria in hypertension. PMID- 7379533 TI - Carassius auratus gibelio: the Prussian carp as a model for the stenohaline freshwater teleost. PMID- 7379535 TI - Vitamin D-dependent rickets in the pig: renal handling of amino acids. PMID- 7379536 TI - Application of the isolated perfused rat kidney in nephrology. AB - Three approaches, each adapted for a specific type of investigation, have been developed for perfusion of isolated rat kidneys. Single-pass perfusion is preferred for physiological or pathophysiological work since the effect of metabolic substrates on sodium transport can be evaluated without the possible curtailing effect of catabolic substrates which can arise when perfusate is recirculated. Recirculation is preferred for biochemical studies since metabolic effects accumulate in time when this approach is employed. The kidney's role in the degradation and framentation of peptide hormones can thus be analyzed. The third approach, recirculation with dialysis, incorporates the advantages of the first two approaches; expensive colloids such as albumin can be used, and the contancy of functional parameters of single-pass perfusion may be achieved. PMID- 7379534 TI - High output cardiac failure in rats. PMID- 7379537 TI - The isolated perfused rat kidney and uraemic middle molecules. PMID- 7379538 TI - The use of Xenopus laevis for studies of osmotic regulation. PMID- 7379539 TI - Determination of renal plasma flow by endogenous hippuric acid clearance in the conscious rat. AB - (1) The endogenous hippuric acid can be fluorometrically determined down to a minimum of 0.6 micrograms/ml in 10 microliters of rat serum. This enables the determination of the effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) by measurement of the renal clearance of the endogenous hippuric acid in the conscious rat. (2) Endogenous hippuric acid clearance (128 ml/min . m2 or 2.48 ml/min/100 g body weight) corresponds in its extent with the clearance after a single injection of unlabelled hippuric acid and is higher (20%) than the clearance after a single injection of 131I-hippuran. (3) Exogenous hippuric acid has a short biological half-time of 12-20 min and a distribution space of about 50%; therefore, alteration of its intermediary supply can disturb the estimate of the renal clearance of endogenous hippuric acid. (4) The daily rhythm of the renal excretion of endogenous hippuric acid shows a constant low excretion between 0800 and 1200 hours; this period is the best suited for clearance measurements. PMID- 7379540 TI - Renal handling of albumin: clearance studies with bovine and rat serum albumin in conscious rats. AB - The reabsorption capacity of albumin was determined by a clearance technique following a single load of bovine or rat serum albumin in conscious rats. The maximum reabsorption capacity of both albumin amounted to 5.6--6.2 micrograms/min . 100 g BW and there seemed to be a nonselective mechanism for the two albumins. The tubular reabsorption capacity was reached at normal physiological plasma albumin concentration. The renal excretion threshold of both albumins amounted to 31.8 mg/ml, the sieving coefficient phi was calculated to be 2.0 . 10(-4). The glomerular filtration rate, controlled by the total plasma slope clearance of 51Cr-EDTA, remained unchanged following a load of rat serum albumin (54.8 +/- 12.2 ml/min . m2 body surface) but decreased significantly after the administration of bovine serum albumin. PMID- 7379541 TI - Micro stop flow experiments: a new method for in vivo analysis of the function of the diluting segment. PMID- 7379542 TI - Surface fluorescence of reduced pyridine nucleotide of the perfused rat kidney: interrelation between metabolic and functional states. AB - Surface fluorescence of reduced pyridine nucleotide (PN) was recorded continously with a DC fluorormeter and correlated with changes in experimental conditions. As a light source for fluorescence excitation, an Hg arc lamp with a 340-375 nm filter in front was used; the fluorescence response of reduced PN was measured at 450-510 nm. The DC fluormeter and the Hg arc lamp were connected to the kidney by a trifurcated fiber optics light guide. Reduced PN fluorescence emission was corrected for changes in tissue opacity by a 1:1 subtraction of reflectance changes at 340-375 nm from the fluorescence (PN-deltaR). To obtain further information about the PN redox state of the total surface area of kidney cortex and to evaluate whether certain areas were insufficiently perfused, fluorescence photographs of the total surface area were taken. The results demonstrate that the described method is simple and provides specific information about the mitochondrial oxidation reduction state. PMID- 7379543 TI - Amphiuma kidney as a model for distal tubular transport studies. PMID- 7379544 TI - Comparative renal anatomy: application of morphometric techniques to determine surface area and volume. PMID- 7379545 TI - Sex differences in kidney morphology and glomerular filtration rate in mice. AB - The relative kidney weight (1.44% greater than 1.15% greater than 1.07%) and the GFR (44 greater than 39 greater than 35 ml/min . m2) are higher in adult males than in adult females or in orchiectomized males. In contrast, GFR based on kidney weight is smallest in healthy males (1.02 less than 1.22; 1.22 ml/min . g). Only the cortex tissue seems to be increased in males, because its width (1.67 mm) is greater than in females (1.26 mm), while medullary width is identical (2.4 mm) in both sexes. Enlargement of the cortex in males can be accounted for by the nonglomerular tissue, because glomerular diameters (120 micrometers) do not differ and the number of glomeruli in representative sections is lower than in females. Cuboidal cell transformation of the outer layer of Bowman's capsule was observed in 60% of the glomeruli of the males and in 5% of the females. It might be an indicator for hyperplasie of the proximal tubular cells in the males. PMID- 7379546 TI - The circadian rhythm of renal excretion in the rat: relationship between electrolyte and corticosteroid excretion. AB - In the rat, a circadian rhythm can be demonstrated in plasma levels and in urinary excretion rates of aldosterone and of corticosterone, reflecting rhythmic variations in adrenocortical secretion. There is also a circadian rhythm in the urinary excretion rates of sodium and of potassium in rats with unrestricted food consumption. The rhythmic pattern of potassium excretion seems to be controlled by the rhythm of corticosterone and/or aldosterone, whereas the rhythmic pattern of sodium excretion seems to be independent of adrenocortical secretion. PMID- 7379548 TI - The study of urinary protein excretion in male rats as compared with human proteinuria. AB - Male rats are widely used for comparative investigations in renal physiology and pathology. However, they demonstrate a striking physiological proteinuria which must be considered if protein excretion is one parameter in the description of a model. Electrophoretic differentiation of urinary proteins shows that the major portion of male urinary protein consists of low molecular weight proteins which are strain-, sex- and age-dependent. The excretion of these proteins depends mainly on sex hormones and only to a lesser degree on kidney function. The excretion of albumin is a sensitive indicator to detect glomerular permeability changes, mainly because the tubular transport maximum is restricted and because the concentration difference between glomerular ultrafiltrate and plasma is very large, so that a small increase in permeability may cause a greatly elevated albumin excretion. Therefore, selective determination of albumin, e.g., by electrophoretic separation, is indispensable to estimate the renal permeability. Complicating the evaluation of experimental results, spontaneous kidney disease (progressive glomerulonephritis or glomerulosclerosis) develops in aging rats. Therefore, long-term studies in rats should be avoided because this spontaneous kidney disease with concomitant changes in protein excretion might interfere with experimental results. PMID- 7379547 TI - Urinary protein excretion in the rat: strain and age dependence. PMID- 7379549 TI - Cell junctions of the glomerular epithelium in a very early vertebrate (Myxine glutinosa). AB - The glomerular epithelial cells of the Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) lack a slit diaphragm which is replaced by filaments. The epithelial cells show numerous occluding junctions (maculae and fasciae occludentes), septate desmosome-like junctions and desmosomes. The present findings are compared with available data on developing and mature glomerular epithelial cells of mammals. PMID- 7379550 TI - Experimental postinfectious glomerulonephritis in rodents. PMID- 7379551 TI - Teratogenicity and toxicity of coniine in cows, ewes, and mares. AB - Cows, ewes, and mares varied considerably in susceptibility to toxicoses from the oral administration of the piperidine alkaloid, coniine. Cows were most susceptible and ewes least. Only calves had teratogenic effects from maternal administration of coniine during gestation; lambs and foals were apparently resistant. Results suggest that the marked differences between cattle and sheep are probably not due to variation in gut absorption or rumen metabolism. PMID- 7379552 TI - Serial propagation of Ehrlichia canis in primary canine peripheral blood monocyte cultures. AB - Cultures of primary canine monocytes were prepared from blood to which dextran (3%) had been added to enhance sedimentation of the erythrocytes. Homogeneous populations of monocytes were observed by 5 days after seeding, and some cultures were maintained as long as 30 days. The monocyte cultures were used successfully for the serial passage of Ehrlichia canis. After the 3rd passage, small intracytoplasmic inclusions of E canis were detected by 60 hrs after inoculation and greater than 90% of the monocytes were infected by 7 days. In vitro propagated ehrlichiae were preserved at -80 C for at least 31 months with minimal loss of infectivity. Following 125 in vitro passages E canis induced signs of ehrlichiosis in experimentally infected dogs. PMID- 7379553 TI - Spirocerca lupi (Rudolphi, 1809) nodule in the rectum of a dog from Connecticut. AB - A small nodule causing repeated rectal prolapse was surgically removed from a four year old Dachshund residing for her entire life in Connecticut. Histologic examination of the biopsy specimen revealed sections of Spirocerca lupi (Rudolphi 1809) surrounded by a granulomatous reaction and fibrous wall. PMID- 7379554 TI - Enflurane anesthesia in the pony: a comparative study between enflurane and halothane. AB - Enflurane, a new volatile anesthetic agent, was compared with halothane as components of a commonly used clinical anesthetic regime in the pony. Enflurane provides satisfactory general anesthesia when administered at a maintenance concentration of approximately 1.5-2.5%, in combination with a 1:1 nitrous oxide oxygen mixture. With both agents cardiac rhythm and pulse were stable, however significant arterial hypotension occurred, especially during and following induction, being anesthetic concentration dependent. Hypoventilation was induced by both agents, there being no significant quantitative difference in respiratory depression despite significantly lower respiratory rates with enflurane. Serum electrolytes and liver enzymes did not change significantly with either regime. Emergence from anesthesia was smooth, and significantly more rapid with enflurance. Post-anesthetic complications were not observed with either agent. PMID- 7379555 TI - Soft coal fly ash as a source of selenium in unpelleted sheep rations. AB - Soft coal fly ash has been found to be a source of selenium when included in the rations of cows and hogs. In the work reported, a ration including 10% by weight of soft coal fly ash was fed to sheep for 135 days. Selenium levels in blood and tissues of the animals fed the fly ash ration increased significantly above the control sheep. No adverse clinical signs or lesions were observed in the animals on either treatment. PMID- 7379556 TI - Equine villonodularsynovitis: a case survey. AB - Nineteen cases of villonodular synovitis as identified in 14 horses are presented. Physical and radiographic findings are discussed and the surgical correction described. Case histories indicate that surgical extirpation of the lesion is corrective and that rest without surgical intervention is ineffective. Radiation therapy following surgery does not appear to be necessary. PMID- 7379557 TI - Dual task performance during bimanual coordination. AB - Right-handed men and women tapped two mechanical keys in time to an entraining metronome, using each hand alone and the two hands in alternation. Concurrently, they recited familiar nursery rhymes or read unfamiliar text out loud. The direction of interference from the language-based tasks on manual performance was measured relative to baseline performance. Magnitude and direction of interference from both language tasks were greater during bimanual alternation than unimanual performance. However, the direction of interference during bimanual alternation differed significantly between right-handed men and women, and the sex differences in direction of interference differed according to the characteristics of the language-based secondary task. Right-handed subjects with a family history of sinistrality showed less overall and less lateralized dual task interference than right-handed persons without a family history of sinistrality. PMID- 7379558 TI - Temporal sequencing of verbal and nonverbal materials: the effect of laterality of lesion. AB - The effect of laterality of cerebral lesion on sequencing ability, which is an ability to process two or more stimulus events with respect to the order in which they occur, was examined. Patients with either left or right hemisphere lesions performed on verbal and nonverbal sequencing tasks. Left hemisphere lesioned patients were inferior to the right hemisphere lesioned patients on verbal sequencing tasks, while the right hemisphere lesioned patients were inferior to the left hemisphere lesioned patients on nonverbal sequencing tasks. Impaired performance of the right hemisphere lesioned patients on sequencing tasks raises questions with respect to the notion that sequencing per se is processed in the left hemisphere. Our results demonstrate that sequencing ability, as many other abilities, follows the rule of material-specific laterality of hemispheric asymmetry: the left hemisphere associated with verbal sequencing ability and the right hemisphere associated with nonverbal sequencing ability. PMID- 7379559 TI - Sensitivity to emotional expressions and situations in organic patients. AB - While numerous lines of investigation indicate the pivotal role of the right hemisphere in the apprehension and processing of emotional information, the specific contributions of facial recognition, other visual-spatial capacities, and a general understanding of emotionally-toned situations remains to be delineated. To secure information on the contributions of these various factors, matched groups of brain-damaged patients were required in a series of tests to match with one another faces of the same individual, facial expressions, pictorial versions of emotional situations, and linguistic versions of emotional situations. While patients with left-hemisphere damage evinced special difficulty with linguistically-presented stimuli, patients with right hemisphere damage exhibited an across-the-board reduction in emotional sensitivity, one not restricted to stimuli presented in the visual modality. In addition, right hemisphere patients also displayed a selective tendency to group together emotions of an opposite polarity (positively-toned with negatively-toned emotions). These results suggest that, in addition to its general importance in a range of emotional tasks, the right hemisphere is crucial for an appreciation of the structural relations which obtain among various emotions. PMID- 7379560 TI - Acquired ocular-motor apraxia and right-sided cortical angioma. AB - A case of acquired ocular-motor apraxia featured by failure in voluntary initiation of lid closure, horizontal and vertical eye movements is reported. Electrographic and neuropsychological assessment pointed out several signs referable to bilateral frontal and right parietal lobe involvement, confirmed by neuroradiological finding. PMID- 7379561 TI - Visual field differences between a fricative and a stop consonant. AB - Right-handed subjects who responded to a stop consonant letter, B, in a go-no go reaction time task evidenced a greater right visual field effect than did those who responded to a fricative consonant letter, C. The result was analogous to findings from auditory laterality studies and suggested a common type of left hemisphere specialization in the auditory and visual systems for information processing. PMID- 7379562 TI - Alexia for arithmetical signs. A cause of disturbed calculation. AB - Asymbolic acalculia is a variety of acalculia characterized by a failure to differentiate the arithmetical symbols. Two patients presenting this disturbance as the only source of their calculating errors are reported. Neither aphasia nor visuo-verbal disconnection could explain the failure to identify the arithmetical signs. This defect is interpreted as an alexia for this particular semiotic system, the arithmetical signs being stripped of their names and of the corresponding computational rules. PMID- 7379563 TI - Birth order, birth stress and handedness. AB - Left-handed and right-handed parents in personally visited families were asked about the perinatal history of themselves, and their children. Reported birth stress (RBS) was as frequent for right-handers as for left-handers. The children of left-handed mothers were not more likely to have RBS than the children of right-handed mothers. The incidence of RBS was greater for first borns than children of later birth rank. A weak trend to a higher proportion of birth ranks 1st and 4th + among left- than right-handers was found for daughters, but not for fathers, mothers or sons. Empirical and theoretical objections to the hypothesis that pathology of the left hemisphere is a major determinant of left-handedness are reviewed. PMID- 7379564 TI - Hemispheric superiority for recognizing faces depends upon how they are learned. AB - To investigate whether the type of information available influences encoding strategy, and subsequent hemispheric advantage, for face recognition, Experiment I presented photographs of faces for initial viewing centrally, under two conditions: verbal presentation of (a) molar personality or (b) physical feature information about each target face. The recognition task presented targets and distractors tachistoscopically to each visual field. Recognition accuracy scores displayed a highly significant pattern of contrasting hemispheric superiorities under the two informational conditions, but the direction of this contrast was not consistent for all subjects. The first part of Experiment II replicated the procedures of Experiment I, except that all verbal encoding information was omitted. Under these control conditions, the "crossover" pattern of hemispheric superiorities did not emerge, and subjects instead displayed consistent LH or RH superiorities. A second experimental session demonstrated the reliability and generality of the crossover phenomenon: When the same subjects were recalled and the original encoding manipulation applied to a new set of faces, the pattern of contrasting hemispheric superiorities again emerged. No aspect of subjects' performance in the control condition was found to predict the direction of crossover in the subsequent experimental session. We infer that intra-subject contrasts in hemispheric superiority reflect the use of alternative encoding or processing strategies under the two informational conditions, but the relation of such strategies to specific hemispheric advantages remains unclear. A general statement of the relation of cognitive processing, task demand characteristics, and observed hemispheric advantage is proposed. PMID- 7379565 TI - Left hemisphere superiority for visual search. AB - A replication of Cohen (1973) was conducted in an attempt to substantiate the claim for serial processing in the left hemisphere and parallel processing in the right hemisphere for visual information. Subjects made same or different judgments to hemispherically projected visual arrays of two, three, or four letters and reaction times were measured. No support for a serial vs. parallel hemispheric processing distinction was obtained, but strong support for overall left hemisphere superiority for visual search was found with both the reaction time and error percentage data. The implications for an information processing strategy for this task as well as various methodological considerations are discussed. PMID- 7379567 TI - Memory and problem-solving in aphasia. AB - In a series of experiments, aphasic adults and normal control subjects were presented with problems involving the principle of transitive inference. The design of the problems permitted selective consideration of the subject's logical, as opposed to grammatical, ability and further permitted separate consideration of logical ability and memory. The results of this experimental series showed that, in general, these aphasic patients were capable of successful inferential behavior. In conclusion, the data are interpreted to suggest that certain constraints on intelligence in aphasia occur as a result of defective memory, not defective logical ability. PMID- 7379566 TI - Strategies of decoding actor-object-relations by aphasic patients. AB - By means of a sentence-picture matching task, 22 Broca-aphasics, 22 Wernicke aphasics, 16 patients with damage to the right hemisphere and 16 neurologically normal subjects were tested for their ability to understand the actor-object relation within a sentence. The 4 groups were approximately matched for sex, education, age and general severeness of disease. The stimulus sentences were constructed in such a way that the actor-object-relations were unambiguously clear by morphological means as e.g. case endings; thus, no error should be made by a subject operating on a purely algorithmic grammatical basis. One half of the sentences were irreversible, the other half reversible, i.e. the identification of the actor-object-relation was helped by a semantic cue in one half of the sentences, in the other half not. Crossed with this semantic factor was the syntatic factor "constituent order": one half of the sentences were presented in the normal order "actor-action-object", the other half in the topicalized form "object-action-actor" which is quite possible in German because of its free word order. Overall, the Broca-aphasics made less errors than the Wernicke-patients. The error pattern of the aphasics suggests that both aphasic groups remain responsive to semantic constraints as well as to constituent order: both groups made more errors in reversible than in irreversible sentences and both groups made more errors in topicalized than in normal sentences. There were no significant group differences in these two respects. The only group difference was that Broca-aphasics tended to neglect the syntactic aspect of constituent order if a semantic cue was given, while the Wernicke-aphasics continued to take the constituent order into account even in sentences where a semantic cue was present. In the light of the findings of the experiment, the hypothesis that Broca's aphasia is characterized by a supramodal blockade of syntax is disputed. PMID- 7379568 TI - High speed memory scanning in parkinsonism. AB - This study tested the hypothesis that the slowing seen in parkinsonism includes cognitive as well as motoric components. The sample consisted of 20 nondemented parkinsonian patients, group matched to 16 normals by age, education, and verbal IQ. Each group was divided into young (64 and under) and old (65 and over) subsets. The Sternberg character classification paradigm was used to measure the speed and accuracy of one cognitive function, short term memory scanning. Following a logarithmic transformation of the reaction time data, scanning speed was found to be increased, but only for the elderly patients (p = .01). Scanning accuracy was normal for both patient groups. These findings suggest that at least one cognitive function, the scanning of elements held in short term memory, is slowed in parkinsonism. This mnemonic slowing, like bradykinesia, is seen primarily in elderly parkinsonian patients. It is not readily explained as a motor phenomenon, as part of a generalized mnemonic or intellectual deficit, or as an artifact secondary to periodic extreme reaction times. The term bradyphrenia, used in early descriptions of parkinsonism, may be an apt descriptor of this deficit. PMID- 7379569 TI - Handedness and sex differences in cognitive tests of brain laterality. PMID- 7379570 TI - The effects of duration of stimulation, preferred hand and familial sinistrality in dichotic monitoring. AB - Ear asymmetries in dichotic monitoring performance were assessed in 105 subjects (77 M, 28 F). A right ear advantage (REA) was found more often in right than mixed or left handed subjects. Similarly, more left than right handers exhibited left (LEA) or no ear advantages. Handedness did not affect the magnitude of asymmetry. Familial sinistrality could only be examined in male left handers, and was found to increase the incidence of REA's. Non familial sinistrals were equally distributed in terms of left, right and no ear advantage. Overall target detection rates decreased and RT increased as dichotic stimulation progressed, but the ear advantage remained constant throughout the duration of stimulation. Responding hand did not interact with ear stimulated. Dichotic monitoring appears to be a useful non-invasive tool for determining hemispheric dominance for speech perception. PMID- 7379571 TI - Task effect and EEG alpha asymmetry: an analysis of linguistic processing in two response modes. AB - EEG alpha asymmetry was monitored while subjects listened to two sets of identical stimulus sentences in two tasks. One task was immediate verbal imitation of the stimulus sentence and the other task was modeling and involved the subjects constructing some novel sentences after all stimulus sentences were heard. The results demonstrated that the left hemisphere was significantly more activated while subjects listened to sentences that were to be immediately imitated. These findings suggest that tasks involving remediate verbal reports of stimuli may activate the left hemisphere for motor programming purposes and possibly effect alpha asymmetry. Studies attempting to investigate stimulus effects of hemispheric processing should consider the possibility that tasks involving motoric programming may interact with the stimuli and produce different asymmetry patterns. PMID- 7379572 TI - Cancer in nonwhite Americans. PMID- 7379573 TI - Inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. AB - Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are significant childhood illnesses. With their many extraintestinal manifestations, they may masquerade as fever of unknown etiology, arthritis, anorexia nervosa, growth hormone deficiency, collagen-vascular disease, idiopathic growth retardation and even irritable bowel syndrome of childhood. In any child who presents with growth failure and/or chronic abdominal pain with fever or weight loss, the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease must be considered. As in any other chronic disease of childhood, long-term management will often challenge the physician emotionally and intellectually. As the etiology is yet unknown and a definitive cure is lacking, proper treatment depends on optimal medical and surgical management and supportive care. PMID- 7379574 TI - Arthrography. AB - Arthrography is being performed more often, probably due to its recognition by radiologists and orthopedists as a useful diagnostic aid. Many recent advances in technique have helped to increase diagnostic accuracy and it has earned wider acceptance. The fundamentals of arthrography are fairly well known and covered in the literature. This monograph attempts to bring together practical points considered to be relevant to the arthrographer. The subjects covered for each joint are self-explanatory; the local anatomy, the technique involved and interpretation of the results are discussed from the purely medical and technical point of view and films are provided as a technical guide. PMID- 7379575 TI - Endocrine treatment of advanced cancer of the breast. PMID- 7379576 TI - Endoscopic papillotomy: technique and experience with 204 patients. PMID- 7379577 TI - Brain flow and function during arteriovenous ECMO. PMID- 7379580 TI - Management of stab wounds of the back and flank. PMID- 7379579 TI - Effects of 100 per cent inspired oxygen on shunt calculation. PMID- 7379578 TI - Gallbladder compliance: a significant physiologic and pathophysiologic concept. PMID- 7379581 TI - Photosensitivity and Sezary syndrome. AB - An elderly black man with photosensitivity suggestive of actinic reticuloid, ultimately developed Sezary syndrome, suggesting a relationship between the two conditions. This case illustrates a possible causal role of antigen persistence in the etiology of Sezary syndrome. PMID- 7379582 TI - Progressive idiopathic atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini. AB - Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini was first described in 1923. Asymptomatic and usually located on the trunk, it presents as bluish patches, smooth and without atrophy, with a characteristic "cliff-drop" border. It appears to be clinically distinct and histopathically separate from morphea but easily confused with it. There is no effective treatment but its course is benign, often with spontaneous termination. PMID- 7379583 TI - Surgical treatment of baldness using Juri's flap technique: advantages and disadvantages compared with Orentreich's free graft technique. PMID- 7379584 TI - Subungual exostosis. AB - A review of the literature and two case reports of subungual exostosis are presented herein. This benign bony overgrowth, usually caused by trauma, is often misdiagnosed and sometimes mistaken for a malignancy. It is our intention to stimulate interest in and alert the practitioner to this entity so that he can include subungual exostosis in his differential diagnosis of digital lesions. PMID- 7379585 TI - False-positive tuberculin test in Behcet's syndrome. AB - In a patient with active Behcet's syndrome, every needle puncture produces a pustule. We report herein a patient with Behcet's syndrome that presented as uveitis and erythema nodosum and developed later to the full blown picture of the disease. Reaction to a tuberculin test was found to be strongly positive, since it involved a needle puncture. The test was interpreted as if the patient was tuberculous. PMID- 7379586 TI - The uselessness of blood salicylate levels in the diagnosis of salicylate hypersensitivity. PMID- 7379588 TI - Amebiasis. PMID- 7379587 TI - Allergic reactions to topical (surface) anesthetics with reference to the safety of tronothane (pramoxine hydrochloride). PMID- 7379589 TI - Nail pigmentation abnormalities. Their importance and proper examination. AB - The study of abnormal nails (onychopathology) can contribute considerably to the art of diagnostic medicine. Nail pigmentation is an important facet of onychopathology. Pigmentation abnormalities may suggest general disease and in some cases indicate a specific diagnosis. Their recognition may also be valuable in following the side effects of treatment. PMID- 7379592 TI - Familial dystrophic periodic shedding of the nails. AB - A patient with an autosomal dominant nail dystrophy characterized by periodic, asymptomatic shedding of the nails followed by regrowth is described herein. This highly penetrant disorder is similar to two earlier cases found in the dermatologic literature. PMID- 7379590 TI - Urea ointment in the nonsurgical avulsion of nail dystrophies--a reappraisal. AB - A nonsurgical and atraumatic method for avulsing dystrophic nails by employing urea ointment is described and appraised herein. In addition, our further observations of more than 125 patients are presented, indications for avulsion are suggested, and subsequent therapies are discussed. PMID- 7379594 TI - Tungiasis in North America. AB - Tungiasis, a condition rarely seen in the United States, is an infestation of the gravid female chigoe flea, Tunga penetrans. The presenting lesion is an asymptomatic, noninflammatory, translucent nodule with a central dark spot. Complications include severe itching, pain, inflammatory reaction leading to autoamputation of digits, pyoderma (cellulitis) and tetanus. Therapy consists of removal of the organism and protection against pyoderma and tetanus. PMID- 7379593 TI - Pityriasis rubra pilaris and celiac sprue with malabsorption. AB - A case is reported herein of a young man with pityriasis rubra pilaris, a disease of unknown cause, and malabsorption due to celiac bowel disease. The patient responded to high-dose vitamin A therapy (500,000 IU orally per day for fourteen days). There was complete exfoliation of the palmar-plantar keratoderma and a decrease in the peeling and follicular keratosis. He was then placed on a regimen of a gluten-free diet and 100,000 IU vitamin A per day. After seven months he had persistent erythema but minimal hyperkeratosis. The ways in which cutaneous lesions and malabsorption could be related are discussed. PMID- 7379591 TI - Parapsoriasis. AB - Parapsoriasis is a term which encompasses a number of differing pathologic states clinically manifesting chronic recalcitrant erythematous scaling lesions. Although these various diseases have some similar clinical and histopathological features, they are obviously quite different from the standpoint of malignant potential and prognosis. The classification suggested herein has been developed in an attempt to resolve the existing confusion and to offer a simplified approach to the study of a complex problem. PMID- 7379595 TI - Pseudomonas folliculitis. Development after the home use of personal whirlpool spa. AB - Pseudomonas folliculitis is a distinctive new clinical entity that develops eight to seventy-two hours after contact with a whirlpool contaminated with Pseudomonas. The first case of this dermatologic disorder that appeared after the home use of a personal whirlpool spa is presented herein. PMID- 7379597 TI - "Ecdysis" secondary to 5-fluorouracil. AB - The use of 5-fluorouracil in three patients with basal cell carcinoma was followed by a peculiar necrosis which, when curetted, shelled out completely like a snake skin. We have termed this "ecdysis." Histologic examination revealed tumor necrosis, leukocytes, and fibrin. There have been no recurrences to date. PMID- 7379596 TI - Onycholysis secondary to toluene sulfonamide formaldehyde resin used in a nail hardener mimicking onychomycosis. AB - Two patients with allergic contact dermatitis to the toluene sulfonamide formaldehyde resin present in nail polish and nail hardener, in whom onycholysis developed, are reported herein. Previously, both patients had been unsuccessfully treated with various antifungal medications. Regrowth of all nails occurred within several months after discontinuance of the offending agents. Results of patch tests to the preparation itself, to the toluene sulfonamide formaldehyde resin, and to formaldehyde confirmed the diagnosis in both patients. PMID- 7379598 TI - Dermatitis herpetiformis and membranous glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7379599 TI - Granuloma fissuratum masquerading as a skin tumor. AB - Granuloma fissuratum is a reactive process of the skin usually caused by chronic trauma from ill-fitting eyeglass frames. Its clinical resemblance to malignant tumors makes it important to recognize this benign condition. This case report discuses the diagnosis and management of granuloma fissuratum. PMID- 7379601 TI - The effects of physician counseling technique on parent reactions to mental retardation diagnosis. AB - Many parents of mentally retarded children express dissatisfaction with how physicians initially communicate the diagnosis. We conducted a structured interview to identify and evaluate circumstances and counseling techniques which parents felt influenced their reactions to the initial diagnostic interview. Significant physician behaviors were an attitude of concern, appreciation of the handicapped child's value to the parents as a love object, planning an uninterrupted and unhurried discussion of the findings, allowing parent contact with the child before the diagnosis was told, sharing extensive information with the parents but without absolute predictions, and making specific practical recommendations. Satisfied parents were more likely to follow the physician's recommendations. The degree of dissatisfaction did not correlate with lag time before parents enrolled in an early childhood special education program. Other obstacles exist to early intervention. PMID- 7379602 TI - The residential treatment of a consciously rejected child: a psychoanalytic study with social and legal implications. AB - In this paper, we proposed to describe the residential psychiatric treatment of a consciously rejected nine year old girl and to comment on some of the major social and legal complications which so frequently accompany such cases. We will begin by describing the nature of residential treatment at Children's Psychiatric Hospital. We will then describe both the mother and the child, with an emphasis on understanding their psychopathology as well as the legal and social issues that arose during treatment. The resolution of the case is then presented, followed by recommendations which we feel are applicable to many similar cases seen at residential settings. PMID- 7379600 TI - Prematurity and infant stimulation: a review of research. AB - Morbidity risks continue to constitute a major problem for the premature infant, despite striking progress in neonatal care and technology. This article reviews the early stimulation literature over the past 15 years, and discusses the findings of improved weight gain, respiratory status and psychomotor development when infants are stimulated early in life. Although some authors have criticized this area of research because of methodological problems, the overwhelming evidence points to the beneficial consequences of tactile and vestibular stimulation programs in high-risk nurseries. Further research is, however, clearly indicated in order to more fully elucidate the major variables and mechanisms responsible for the experimental effects, and to elaborate a more standardized program of psychological care of premature infants. PMID- 7379603 TI - Behavior characteristics of children during the first year of kindergarten attendance. AB - The field research reported in this paper was intended to detect changes occurring in the early behavioral repertoire of children during their first exposure to the classroom environment. Fourteen kindergarten children were observed during structured classroom activities in their first and seventh month of school attendance. Behaviors were videotaped and analysed according to a behavior catalogue which covered six broad areas--visual, facial, head, upper limbs, postures and locomotion. The analysis showed that school experience is related to an increase in peer-oriented and work behavior, while teacher-oriented behaviors tend to decrease, along with a reduction in periods of inactivity and aimless movements. These results and some detected sex and age differences are discussed in terms of environmental effects and developmental tendencies. PMID- 7379604 TI - Behavior problems in children with speech and language retardation. AB - A systematic evaluation for speech and language retardation and behavioral disorders were conducted on 100 children (mean age five years, six months) presenting consecutively to a suburban speech and hearing clinic. It revealed that parents, teachers, and an examining psychiatrist agreed that these children frequently had associated behavioral problems, some quite common. This indicated the need for a speech or language therapist to systematically assess a child for possible behavioral problems in order to establish a more comprehensive and effective treatment plan for the child. PMID- 7379605 TI - Responding to the needs of sick children with mental retardation. PMID- 7379606 TI - Being there: a 24-hour emergency crisis care center. PMID- 7379608 TI - School suspensions: an in-house prevention model. PMID- 7379607 TI - Fostering the battered and abused child. PMID- 7379609 TI - Group care of children and the development of moral judgment. AB - Findings in research on moral development in children in group homes indicate that placement in a stable, democratic and caring group home is preferable to leaving the child in a severely disturbed family. PMID- 7379610 TI - Response to agencywide crisis: a model for administrative action. AB - An analysis of agency staff reactions during a crisis suggests guidelines to help administrators avoid dangers and seize the opportunities for healthy growth. PMID- 7379612 TI - Decision making in protective services. AB - Analysis of information gathered by a child abuse and neglect project shed slight on aspects of decision making by the project worker. PMID- 7379611 TI - The developmental approach to the study of the family: implications for practice. AB - A framework for an approach to social work with families stresses the developmental tasks of the members and the family as a whole. PMID- 7379613 TI - Children's rights after the supreme court's decision on Parham v. J.L. and J.R. PMID- 7379614 TI - [Wound healing and complications after multiple injuries]. PMID- 7379615 TI - [Results of treatment of stable compression vertebral fractures without paraplegia]. PMID- 7379616 TI - [Wound infections after surgical treatment of fractures]. PMID- 7379617 TI - [Radiological evaluation of deformity of the proximal femoral epiphysis in patients with juvenile slipped epiphysis]. PMID- 7379619 TI - [Urinary glycosaminoglycans in children with idiopathic scoliosis]. PMID- 7379618 TI - [Content and composition of glycosaminoglycans of cartilage in idiopathic scoliosis]. PMID- 7379620 TI - [Plantographic-anthropometric methods of diagnosis of flatfoot]. PMID- 7379622 TI - [Functional state of the foot after total excision of the calcaneus]. PMID- 7379621 TI - [Congenital cuneiform-navicular synostosis]. PMID- 7379623 TI - [Remarks on the pathomechanics and surgical treatment of hallux valgus]. PMID- 7379624 TI - [Remote results of treatment of the thoracic spine injuries]. PMID- 7379625 TI - [Extraspinal symptomatic sciatica]. PMID- 7379626 TI - [Use of small doses of heparin for prevention of thrombophlebitis]. PMID- 7379627 TI - [Surgical treatment of neoplastic metastasis into the bones]. PMID- 7379628 TI - [Apparatus for simultaneous recording of the flexion power and the range of movement of the finger joints]. PMID- 7379629 TI - [Address of Professor Jean-Charles Sournia, Director-General of Health]. PMID- 7379630 TI - [Recent advances in the treatment of bone metastases from cancer of the thyroid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379631 TI - [The reasons for surgery in apparently endemic amoebic abscesses of the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379632 TI - [Preventing of pulmonary embolism by vena cava partial interruptions (102 operations). Results and critics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379634 TI - [Critical comments apropos of the communication of Mr. de Saint-Florent on "The anatomo-pathological study of pieces of mastectomy for cancer"]. PMID- 7379633 TI - [Carcinoma of the breast. Immune behaviour. Immunostimulation by fraction P40 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379635 TI - [Conclusions of the discussion on "deadly appendectomy"]. PMID- 7379636 TI - [Intestinal fistula in an evisceration (42 fistulas in 19 patients)]. PMID- 7379637 TI - [Intestinal fistula exposed in an evisceration]. PMID- 7379639 TI - [Statutes of the Academy of Surgery]. PMID- 7379638 TI - [Apropos of the communication of A. Germain and coll. on exposed fistulas of the small intestine]. PMID- 7379640 TI - [Rules of the academy of surgery]. PMID- 7379641 TI - [Prizes of the Academy of Surgery]. PMID- 7379642 TI - Microtubule disorientation in anaphase half-spindles during autosome segregation in crane fly spermatocytes. AB - The region between the kinetochores of syntelically oriented autosomes and the pole in meta- and anaphase of Pales ferruginea spermatocytes was studied by means of serial sections. Microtubule (MT) were counted and measured, and the spindle region was reconstructed by superimposition of successive micrographs. Kinetochoric (kMTs) and non-kinetochoric microtubules (nkMTs) interdigitate with one another forming a bundle which is often arrow-shaped due to an inclination of nkMTs (skew nkMTs) with respect to the kinetochore-pole axis. The average length of MT in the bundle decreases towards anaphase while the average number increases. The extent of MT disorder in anaphase half-spindles is higher than in metaphase. The number of kMTs inserted in the kinetochore was found to remain unchanged from meta- to early anaphase. Some of the kMTs become divergent in anaphase. The relative proportion of skew nkMTs within the kMT/nkMT bundle is higher in anaphase. It is proposed that the morphological changes observed to occur from meta- to anaphase are due to fragmentation of kMTs followed by disorientation of the MTs pieces. Some aspects of the physical properties of the half-spindles are discussed. PMID- 7379643 TI - Reduced N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine sister chromatid exchange induction in Chinese hamster V79 cells pre-exposed to 5-bromodeoxyuridine. AB - The sequence in which N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 5 bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) are added to cell cultures affects the number of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) induced by MNNG. When V79 Chinese hamster cell monolayer cultures were treated with MNNG for 2 h prior to addition of BrdUrd, approximately a 4-5-fold increase in SCE was observed at the second division metaphases compared to controls exposed to BrdU alone. This effect was independent of whether one or three DNA strands had been substituted as a result of incubating the cells through one or two DNA synthesis periods in the presence of BrdU. This increase in SCE also occurred after MNNG exposure and BrdU incubation was extended for three division cycles. In contrast, when BrdU incorporation preceded MNNG treatment, the average number of SCE/metaphase was reduced 70-80% at the second division cycle and 60% relative to the total number found in three division cycles. SCE induction by MNNG does not involve a caffeine sensitive step since caffeine had not effect on the SCE frequency regardless of the treatment protocol. The conditions in which BrdU preceded MNNG exposure may be responsible for either reducing the number of DNA sites available for interaction with MNNG or preventing the expression of SCE. PMID- 7379644 TI - The basis of chromatin fiber assembly within chromosomes studied by histone-DNA crosslinking followed by trypsin digestion. AB - To determine the structural basis of chromatin assembly that leads to chromosome formation in mitosis, crosslinks were introduced by formaldehyde between contiguous components within chromosomes. Crosslinked stable products were then observed by electronmicroscopy after non-crosslinked portions were briefly digested by trypsin to unfold chromosomes.--When the DNA-histone crosslink was the primary product, trypsin readily unfolded the whole chromosome structure while preserving the 250 A unit chromatin fiber intact; only a single unit fiber was tracked within the centromere region connecting the arms of each chromatid. When a histone polymer was formed by a prolonged formaldehyde crosslinking, trypsin digestion gave rise to chromatin fibers interacting with others at certain distances, and the typical chromosome structure remained unchanged. Regardless of the degree of crosslinking, there were neither thick supercoiled unit fibers nor proteinaceous cores.--These results suggest that the fiber connection may represent, to some extent, the interacting sites of folded chromatin fibers in situ within chromosomes, and also that the 250 A unit fibers are the sole, highest structural basis in chromosomes. Since virtually no appreciable histone digestion took place in the crosslinked chromosomes, the observation that even after DNA-histone crosslinking the fiber interacting sites were accessible to trypsin preferentially over other portions, may be consistent with our recent results that the exposed, lysine-rich tails of histones represent such interacting sites. PMID- 7379645 TI - Long-tube gastrostomy with internal intestinal splinting: ten-year experience. AB - Long-tube bowel splinting at operation, with use of a gastrostomy for introduction of the tube, has many advantages in varying conditions. Results are evaluated in 79 patients undergoing operations, over a 10-year period, for first or recurrent intestinal adhesive obstruction, complicated Crohn's disease, peritonitis, ventral hernia repair, ileostomy, radiation enteritis, etc. Technique and complications are reviewed. Advantages of a recently-developed bi lumen tube over a single-lumen tube are discussed. PMID- 7379646 TI - Closure of the pelvic and perineal wounds after removal of the rectum and anus. AB - Between January 1975 and July 1977, 26 patients, who underwent combined synchronous removal of the rectum and anus, were managed within guidelines aimed at achieving primary closure and healing of their operative wounds. The guidelines include preoperative mechanical and luminal antibiotic bowel preparation, perioperative systemic chemoprophylaxis, a combined synchronous ablative procedure in Lloyd-Davies position, short-term sump drainage of the presacral space, meticulous hemostatis, and primary closure of both the pelvic defect above (utilizing an omental pedicle graft to obliterate the pelvic dead space) and the perineal defect below (by primary suture or with gracilis myocutaneous flap). All wounds healed totally within the first six weeks postoperatively, with a mean time to healing of 3.5 weeks in the six patients whose wounds failed to heal primarily. There were no instances of late wound breakdown and follow-up from six months to two years. PMID- 7379647 TI - Glucagon, a useful adjunct in anastomosis with a stapling device. AB - Spasm of the proximal sigmoid colon has been a major hindrance in the use of the EEA stapler in low anterior resections. Intravenous glucagon, by causing rapid relaxation and hypotonicity of the sigmoid colon, appears to help correct this problem and allows for a safer and more atraumatic anastomosis. PMID- 7379648 TI - Solitary adenomas in juvenile patients. AB - Ten patients under 20 years of age who had solitary adenomas of the colon or rectum, selected for study from case records of the period 1959--1979, have been followed for 1--20 years (average, 10 years). Though no malignancies have been identified so far, this series points out that adenomas do exist in pediatric patients. Hence, one should not assume that every polyp in patients under the age of 20 is automatically a juvenile polyp and, therefore, benign. Any patient with a solitary adenoma, or who has multiple polyps, whether adenomas or juvenile polyps, should be followed at appropriate intervals with sigmoidoscopy, x-ray, and, possibly, colonoscopy. PMID- 7379649 TI - Surgical correction of chronic anal fissure: results of lateral internal sphincterotomy vs. fissurectomy--midline sphincterotomy. AB - A restrospective study of 300 patients with chronic anal fissue is presented. Lateral internal sphincterotomy offers shorter hospital stay, rapid wound healing, low recurrence rate, and no permanent defect in continence, and is, therefore, the procedure of choice in uncomplicated anal fissures. Fissurectomy midline sphincterotomy should be reserved for patients in whom local fistulization has complicated anal fissure. PMID- 7379650 TI - A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. IX. Single loop continence: a new theory of the mechanism of anal continence. AB - The role of the external and internal anal sphincters in the mechanism of anal continence is presented. The external sphincter induces continence by 1) preventing internal sphincter relaxation, what I have called the "voluntary inhibition action," and 2) mechanical compression of the rectal neck and anal canal proper. The mechanism of both actions is described. The internal sphincter plays a significant role not only in involuntary, but also in voluntary, continence. The importance of this role in the correction of anal incontinence is clarified. "Stress defecation," a condition which follows internal sphincter damage, is discussed. A "single loop continence" theory is presented, based on the fact that each of the three loops of the external sphincter has its own innervation, attachment, and direction of muscle bundles; each loop thus acts as a separate sphincter. The clinical application of this theory is presented. PMID- 7379653 TI - Tuberculous anal ulcer. AB - Two patients with anorectal tuberculosis, without prior or concurrent knowledge of active pulmonary infection with mycobacteria, are described. Anal fissure in an unusual location which is slow to heal should have a biopsy performed, with appropriate stains and cultures carried out, to rule out tuberculous disease. Chemotherapy is then highly effective for ulcerative perianal tuberculosis. PMID- 7379655 TI - Pseudo-obstruction of the colon (Ogilvie's syndrome). AB - Pseudo-obstruction of the colon is an acute abdominal problem that can occur from a variety of causes and multiple organ failures. It is characterized by massive colonic dilatation and a clinical picture suggestive of mechanical large intestinal obstruction, without any organic obstruction. Decompression should be cautiously attempted with proctoscopy and, possibly, colonoscopy; if these fail, then surgical decompression, usually be a cecostomy, is indicated. PMID- 7379651 TI - Diverticulitis manifesting as transverse colocutaneous fistula: report of a case and review of literature. AB - A case of spontaneous colocutaneous fistula arising from the transverse colon is reported and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 7379656 TI - Ischemic colitis in young adult patients. AB - A retrospective study of ten patients suggests a possible causal relationship between the thrombogenic properties of estrogen-containing drugs and ischemic colitis, a disease entity believed to be related to occlusion of small blood vessels. We also emphasize that ischemic colitis is a disease limited not only to the elderly, and that it should be included in the differential diagnosis of colitis with bleeding in younger patients. PMID- 7379652 TI - Tuberculosis of the cecum simulating carcinoma. AB - A case is described of tuberculosis of the cecum mimicking carcinoma so closely that a conventional cancer operation was carried out. Ileocecal tuberculosis, reported in the literature, is briefly reviewed with special attention to its incidence, clinical manifestations, clinical investigation, and treatment. PMID- 7379654 TI - Sepsis following operation for inflammatory intestinal disease. AB - The incidence and pathogenesis of sepsis following 107 elective operations in 87 patients with inflammatory bowel disease has been studied. Eighteen per cent developed wound sepsis and 13 per cent developed intra-abdominal abscess postoperatively. The prophylactic antimicrobial regimens used did not reduce the overall postoperative sepsis rates. The risk of developing postoperative sepsis was increased in patients with preoperative enterocutaneous or entero-enteric fistulas, pre-existing abscess and those with evidence of active disease (serum albumin less than 3.0 g/dl and serum seromucoids greater than 400 mg/gl). The incidence of postoperative sepsis was not affected by corticosteroid therapy at the time of surgery. PMID- 7379657 TI - Adenocarcinoma in Crohn's colitis. AB - A case of Crohn's disease with carcinoma of the rectum is reported, bringing the number of reported cases to 44. Although the exact incidence of carcinoma arising in a segment of Crohn's disease is not known, a review of the literature emphasizes that there does seem to be a definite increased risk. PMID- 7379658 TI - Multiple leiomyosarcoma of the transverse colon: report of a case and discussion. AB - A case is described of a patient found, at operation, to have two infiltrating leiomyosarcomas in the transverse colon. Study indicated them to be two separate primary lesions. Literature on leiomyosarcoma is reviewed. PMID- 7379659 TI - Malignant melanoma of the anorectum. AB - Melanoma is a virulent tumor that can be widely disseminated and is generally incurable even when the primary growth is small. Review of the cases of 34 patients with primary melanoma of the anorectum, with follow-up ranging from two to five years, suggests that improvement in survival depends on acute surgical awareness and aggressive surgical intervention. PMID- 7379660 TI - Colonoscopic polypectomy in diagnosis and treatment of early carcinoma of the large intestine. AB - Histologic investigation and analysis of 370 polyps, removed via colonoscope, demonstrated a malignancy rate of adenomas of about 20 per cent. Even small adenomas under 1 cm in diameter were found to have a higher malignant potential than previously appreciated. The malignancy rate was higher with increasing size, and adenomas in females had a much higher malignant potential than in males. It is obvious that colonoscopic polypectomy is valuable in detecting and treating early carcinomas of the colon. PMID- 7379661 TI - Cancer of the colon: a study of age-related incidence. AB - Incidence of colorectal cancer in Israel was studied in 1035 patients who were divided by ethno-geography into a Euro-American group and an Afro-Asian group. The majority of patients were in the age groups over 50 years, with a markedly higher incidence rate of disease in the Euro-American group. In the younger age group the incidence rate of the disease was significantly higher in the Afro Asian group. These findings, if verified by others, must lead to revision of our present concepts of epidemiology of colorectal cancer. PMID- 7379663 TI - Irradiation injuries of the large intestine. AB - A series of 15 patients suffering from irradiation injuries to the large bowel is reviewed. Ten patients required surgical intervention, initially a diverting stoma in eight; intestinal continuity was re-established in three patients. Loop ileostomy may be preferable to loop transverse colostomy for fecal diversion, as the former is easier for the patient to manage, and ensures that there is no interference with blood supply to the colon should an abdomino-anal pull-through procedure be indicated later to restore continuity. As only three of the patients developed recurrent carcinoma, the initial operation for irradiation injury to the large bowel should be carefully planned so that the patient is not ultimately cured of carcinoma but left with a permanent stoma. PMID- 7379664 TI - Single-dose parenteral antibiotics as prophylaxis against wound infections in colonic operations. AB - A study of 77 patients undergoing elective operations on the colon and rectum, where wounds were subject to contamination by fecal flora, did not demonstrate that the addition of a preoperative oral regime to parenteral antibiotics alone further decreased the incidence of wound infection. The authors feel that the use of single-dose clindamycin and cephazolin intravenously preoperatively has been shown to be a very effective method of preventing wound infection in elective colonic resections. PMID- 7379662 TI - What can experimental colorectal cancer tell us about colorectal cancer in man? AB - From a survey of the etiology of colorectal cancer, consideration of the basic pathologic characteristics of ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis of the colon suggests that they might be sister diseases. Similarities in the primary and secondary target organs and in fecal steroid metabolism might be more than coincidental. Thus, it would seem reasonable to pay particular attention to several groups of patients who are receiving therapy or have had operations that alter bile acid and/or cholesterol metabolism: 1) patients who have had jejunoileal bypass procedures for morbid obesity or hypercholesterolemia, 2) patients taking cholestyramine and/or other anti-hyperlipidemic agents, 3) patients receiving chenodeoxycholic therapy to dissolve gallstones, 4) patients taking the birth control pill, and 5) young patients who have had a cholecystectomy. Proponents of such therapy and physicians treating patients who develop colonic cancer or polypoid disease after having had such therapy are encouraged to provide accurate reports. PMID- 7379665 TI - Colonic tumorigenesis in rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. AB - Subcutaneous injections of the carcinogen dimethylhydrazine in inbred Fischer 344 male rats induced squamous-cell carcinomas in the ear canal, adenocarcinomas in the small bowel and duodenum, and adenomas and adenocarcinomas in the large bowel. The incidences of the tumors induced in the large bowel and ear canal were dose-related. As for tumors of the large bowel, the average size of adenomas was less than that of adenocarcinomas with massive infiltration beyond the muscularis mucosa. The average size of early adenocarcinomas was greater than that of adenomas but less than that of adenocarcinomas with massive infiltration beyond the muscularis mucosa. PMID- 7379666 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma. AB - An attempt is made to define the usefulness and limitations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) radioimmunoassay for evaluation of diagnosis, tumor resection, and detection of tumor relapse in 108 patients with colorectal carcinoma. Preoperative CEA levels were correlated with pathologic stage and tumor localizations. Increasing levels of CEA were found with the advanced stage of the disease (stage C and D lesions). Our results indicate that 1) an incomplete drop in circulating CEA level one month after surgery is a bad prognostic sign and 2) relapses of colonic and rectal carcinoma can be detected by increased CEA levels months before the appearance of any clinical evidence. PMID- 7379667 TI - Iridium implants in treatment of anorectal carcinoma. AB - A technique is described for the use of iridium-192 implants, combined with external irradiation, in the treatment of primary anorectal malignancy. The method allows large doses of radiation to the primary growth, regional infiltration and extensions, with much lower doses to the surrounding normal tissues and organs. Acceptable criteria for conservative local treatment of selected primary anorectal carcinomas are established. For the poor risk patient, the patient who refuses operation, and those having primary or recurrent carcinoma with distant metastases, this method of treatment offers maximum benefit, palliation, and acceptable complication rates. With judicious selection of patients and careful attention to volume of tissue treated, total dose, and fractionalization, serious complications should be substantially reduced. PMID- 7379669 TI - Age-related changes and scar formations of perianal connective tissue. AB - Changes in perianal connective tissue were studied using specimens from juvenile cadavers and resected tissue from adults. The fibers of the anal sphincter muscles lie in a connective tissue mesh which anchors the muscle fibers, the anal mucosa and skin, and the entire anal canal. The connective tissue mesh is present in the newborn and has similar patterns in every age group, but the ratio of the amount of connective tissue/muscle tissue (C/M ratio) increases with age. The increase of the C/M ratio may have a role in the development of weakness of the sphincters and mucosal or rectal prolapse in the elderly. After injuries or operation no pure collagen scar formation was observed in the sphincter muscles, but there was an increase in the C/M ratio. In inflammatory bowel diseases, when severe anal stenosis is present, the connective tissue web and sphincter are intact and the scar formation is confined to the submucosal and subcutaneous layers. PMID- 7379668 TI - Carcinoma of the colon and rectum complicating chronic ulcerative colitis. AB - Patients with pancolonic chronic ulcerative colitis are at increased risk to develop carcinoma of the colon. Controversy continues, however, as to whether this carcinoma is more "virulent" than "type ordinaire" carcinoma of the colon and as to the best way to manage these patients. This study reviews the characteristics and survival of 70 patients with cancer of the colon superimposed on chronic ulcerative colitis. Patients with carcinoma identified incidentally during prophylactic colectomy for chronic ulcerative colitis fared well (5-year survival of 72 per cent), while those with clinical symptoms or radiographic suggestion of cancer had a poor survival rate (5-year survival of 35 per cent). Patients with panproctocolitis, 10 years of disease, and early onset of disease are most likely to have cancer superimposed on chronic ulcerative colitis. This cancer is likely to have a poorer prognosis than type ordinaire cancer of the colon. Prophylactic proctocolectomy should be considered before evidence suggesting carcinoma develops. PMID- 7379670 TI - A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. X. Anorectal sinus and band: anatomic nature and surgical significance. AB - A study, comprising dissection and microscopic examination of the pectinate area with special consideration to anal glands, was performed in 29 cadavers varying from fully mature neonatal deaths to 52 years of age. At the junction of the anal canal proper with the rectal neck, an "anorectal sinus" (a submucosal anal circumferential depression) was identified in 18 specimens; in 6 specimens, the anorectal sinus was replaced by a fibroepithelial band ("anorectal band"); in 5 specimens, the anorectal sinus was absent, and in 3 of the 5 specimens only scattered epithelial cells ("epithelial debris" of the anorectal sinus) were detected. These findings suggest that the anorectal sinus is an embryonic vestige which results from hindgut "invagination" by the proctodeum. Its persistence or partial obliteration would result in the formation of tubular structures which are considered by investigators as anal glands. The sinus may be completely obliterated or may leave behind a submucosal "anorectal band" or scattered "epithelial debris." Evidence in favor of this new concept is put forward. The role of anorectal sinus, anorectal band, and epithelial debris in the genesis of some idiopathic anal lesions is discussed. PMID- 7379671 TI - Malignant potential of perianal condyloma acuminatum. AB - Perianal condyloma is usually a benign disease, but may become locally aggressive; carcinomatous change may occur. This disease could be potentially malignant, and if malignant transformation occurs the treatment should include abdominoperineal resection. Perianal condylomas in association with anal fistula show malignant behavior; should such malignant behavior develop in perianal condyloma, the disease should be treated aggressively with excision and immunotherapy. Abdominoperineal resection may be necessary. PMID- 7379672 TI - The irritable bowel syndrome: back to square one? PMID- 7379673 TI - Irritable bowel syndrome: physiological and psychological differences between diarrhea-predominant and constipation-predominant patients. AB - Patients with different irritable bowel symptoms and normal subjects were compared to determine whether subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) could be distinguished on the basis of colonic motility or psychological test scores. A provocative test involving stepwise distension of the rectosigmoid area revealed two types of colonic motility. Slow contractions having durations of at least 15 sec and occurring at irregular intervals were more frequent in IBS patients than in normals but did not differentiate constipation from diarrhea. Fast contractions having durations of less than 15 sec and occurring in runs at frequencies of 6-9 cpm were more frequent in patients with diarrhea than in normals or constipated IBS patients. Constipated patients showed no more fast contractions than normals. Severity of bowel symptoms was correlated with the overall amount of motility (motility index) in patients with diarrhea but not in patients with constipation. Patients with IBS showed significantly elevated levels on the following psychological traits: anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, and somatization of affect. However, there were no significant trait differences between patients with diarrhea and those with constipation. Also, there was no correlationbetween amount of psychopathology and either colonic motility or severity of symptoms in the whole group of IBS patients. PMID- 7379674 TI - Kupffer cell phagocytosis in relation to BSP clearance in liver and inflammatory bowel diseases. AB - Experience using microaggregated human serum albumin for a Kupffer cell phagocytic capacity "stress test" in patients with liver and inflammatory bowel diseases is described. Each result has been related to a 1-hr BSP clearance in order to account for variations in liver blood flow. Kupffer cell clearances are reduced in proportion to BSP clearance in obstructive jaundice and in secondary biliary cirrhosis but are increased in patients with chronic hepatocellular inflmmation. Conversely Kupffer cell phagocytosis is often depressed in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. In Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis RES function is normal unless patients are receiving corticosteroid suppression. PMID- 7379675 TI - Lower esophageal sphincter pressure in histologic esophagitis. AB - The fasting lower esophageal sphincter pressure of 18 normal volunteers was compared to 22 patients with symptoms and objective evidence of gastroesophageal reflux. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure was measured by rapid pull-through using an 8-lumen radially perfused catheter that sampled pressure every45 degrees around the circumference of the sphincter. The 22 reflux patients were subdivided for analysis into two groups, those with an acute inflammatory infiltrate on biopsy and those without inflammation. Those patients without inflammatory esophagitis had normal sphincter pressures. Those with a definite inflammatory infiltrate had pressures significantly less than normal. The least reliable separation between normals and those with inflammatory esophagitis occurred in the anterior orientations. We conclude that while basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure measurement may identify patients with reflux and inflammatory esophagitis, it is of no help in identifying those patients with reflux unassociated with inflammation. Decreased basal fasting LESP does not appear to be the most important primary determinant of gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 7379678 TI - Effect of antral instillation of bile salts on fasting serum gastrin levels. AB - There have been several reports that bile salts instilled into a dog's alkalinized antral pouch cause acid secretion in a denervated fundic pouch. Antral gastrin release was assumed, but serum gastrin levels were not measured. In a randomized crossover study, serum gastrin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay during the infusion of a solution of bile salts (5 mM, pH 5.5, 280 mOsm, 37 degrees C), or an identical saline solution without bile salts, into the pH-controlled (5.5) antrum of 8 volunteers. The mean baseline serum gastrin level (+/- SE) was 18.7 +/- 1.0 and 20.5 +/- 0.9 pg/ml for the bile salt and control periods, respectively (NS). The serum gastrin rose promptly after bile salt infusion, but not after saline. The mean (+/- SE) integrated gastrin response was 81 +/- 17 pg . min/ml during the bile salt infusions, but essentially zero (-3.3 +/- 22 pg . min/ml) during control infusions (P less than 0.02). The 40% rise in serum gastrin in the initial 15-min bile salt period was higher than in the control period (P = 0.016). Thus we have shown, for the first time, an increase in serum gastrin during the antral instillation of bile salts in man. The potential physiologic and/or pathologic importance of this finding has not been established. PMID- 7379676 TI - Dose-related effects of chenodeoxycholic acid in the rabbit colon. AB - The effects of bile acid (BA) concentration on fluid secretion, mucus secretion, and mucosal damage were investigated during dose-response studies in the rabbit colon with 1, 2.5, and 5 mM sodium chenodeoxycholate (NaCDC). 1 mM NaCDC resulted in mucus secretion followed by mucosal damage but no change in fluid transport was observed. At 2.5 mM concentration, mucus secretion and mucosal damage were evident within 1 hr of perfusion whereas fluid secretion developed in the second hour only. At 5 mM concentrations, all changes occurred simultaneously. The magnitude of changes increased with the concentration of BA perfused. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that mucus secretion with loss of its cytoprotective effect precedes, and thus may permit, the detergent effects of the di-alpha-hydroxy bile acid on the mucosa, resulting in mucosal damage. Both these effects precede changes in fluid and electrolyte transport. PMID- 7379677 TI - Effects of 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 methyl ester on aspirin-and indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal lesions in dogs. AB - The pathogenesis of aspirin- or indomethacin-induced gastric and/or intestinal lesions was studied in dogs. 16,16-Dimethyl PGE2 methyl ester (16-DMPGE2) at 2 or 10 microgram/kg in two divided doses given intramuscularly markedly inhibited gastric lesions produced by orally ingested aspirin at 200 mg/kg/day given twice daily for 1 or 5 days. While 16-DMPGE2 at the same dose also inhibited gastric lesions induced by a single oral administration of indomethacin at 20 mg/kg, gastric lesions including deep antral ulcers, produced by repeated administration of indomethacin, were not affected. Intestinal lesions produced by indomethacin given once, or for 5 or 10 days, were not affected. These results suggest that the lack of engoenous prostaglandins may be involved in the pathogenesis of gastric lesions produced by aspirin and indomethacin given once but may not be involved in the pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced deep lesions in the stomach and intestine. PMID- 7379679 TI - Crohn's disease with spontaneous cutaneous-urachovesicoenteric fistula. AB - This case report presents a rare complication of Crohn's disease in a 28-year-old presenting with an umbilicourachovesicoenteric fistula. Preoperative studies demonstrated communication of the umbilicus, bladder, ileum, and cecum. Preoperative nutritional support and en bloc resection with restoration of continuity primarily was performed with a successful outcome. PMID- 7379682 TI - The evaluation of suspected papillary stenosis. PMID- 7379680 TI - Anal Crohn's disease with carcinoma in situ. AB - A 36-year-old female with a six-year history of Crohn's disease of the anus and colon was found to have in situ cloacogenic carcinoma of the anus after having undergone total proctocolectomy for massive bleeding. This case further supports the association between Crohn's disease of the gastrointestinal tract and its potential for malignant degeneration. PMID- 7379684 TI - [Dynamics of genome structure during the process of spermatogenesis in rats]. PMID- 7379683 TI - Kinetics of intestinal transport. PMID- 7379681 TI - Budd-Chiari syndrome in a patient with mixed connective-tissue disease. AB - We report a patient with Budd-Chiari syndrome due to obstruction of the inferior vena cava associated with a connective tissue disease with a circulating anticoagulant. We believe that the connective tissue might be an etiology of the Budd-Chiari syndrome. PMID- 7379685 TI - [Nonlinear laser photomodification of macromolecules: DNA cleavage]. PMID- 7379686 TI - [Kinetic description of the correcting mechanism of bifunctional DNA polymerases]. PMID- 7379689 TI - [EEG correlates of voluntary heart control training in humans]. PMID- 7379688 TI - [Fraction of the nuclear matrix of rat liver]. PMID- 7379687 TI - [Ultrastructure of developing elements of muscle tissue]. PMID- 7379690 TI - [Effect of applying a factor which modulates electrical activity to the soma of an edible snail bursting neuron]. PMID- 7379691 TI - [Dynamics of tyrosine concentration in the blood of rats following adrenalectomy and replacement with hydrocortisone]. PMID- 7379692 TI - [Laminar distribution of current source density in the superior colliculus of cats in response to afferent stimulation]. PMID- 7379693 TI - [Analysis of the mechanisms of resistance to influenza virus of cells of the immune system]. PMID- 7379695 TI - [Effect of exposure to focused megahertz-range ultrasound on the structure of the otic labyrinth during the process of auditory perception]. PMID- 7379694 TI - [Effect of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea on the DNA of normal and tumor cells]. PMID- 7379696 TI - [Response of central neurons of the edible snail to exposure to laser radiation of different wavelengths]. PMID- 7379697 TI - Social background and attitudes towards drugs as predictors of drug use among Malaysian students. AB - Those Malaysian secondary schoolchildren who have ever used an illicit drug do not differ significantly in terms of social class background, ethnicity or rural/urban location, from the majority of their contemporaries who have not used drugs. The cross-sectional data show a rapid secular trend towards the sexes being equally involved in drug use. Significant differences between ever and never users are, however, found in their attitudes towards drug taking and their beliefs about the properties of drugs, although both groups share the same rather negative image of the typical drug user. Thus, drug users have accepted some of the attitudes towards drug issues which are normative in the non-user group, whilst developing other attitudes which are consistent with their continuing use. It is argued that adolescent drug abuse in Malaysia is not to be linked specifically with social deprivation, but should be seen as being part of the life style of particular groups in all strata of society. PMID- 7379698 TI - Social attitudes, self-description and perceived reasons for using drugs: a survey of the secondary school population in Malaysia. AB - The present paper is the third and concluding part of a study of the secondary school population of two of Malaysia's thirteen states, Penang and Selangor. Since completion of the two earlier papers, the research team has investigated the pattern and nature of drug use among the equivalent population in a third state, Kelantan, and has again found essentially the same pattern of results: youthful drug use is most clearly related to precocious self-assertion, and a set of beliefs and attitudes about drugs and drug taking, and is largely unrelated to indicators of social deprivation or personal problems. The significance of this repeated finding in Kelantan is that, in this much more rural and traditional state, adult and established patterns of drug use had historically differed considerably from those found in the two more urban and cosmopolitan states of Penang and Selangor. Our findings indicate that the new pattern of drug use by youth has transcended the older cultural differences between the states, and is in turn explained by a more universally familiar set of characteristics in adolescent development. PMID- 7379699 TI - New patients versus revolving door patients. AB - The therapeutic expectation regarding the outcome of drug abusers entering a program for the first time as opposed to patients who have made previous rehabilitation attempts is controversial. Do new patients respond more positively to a therapeutic community than patients with previous treatment experience and is there an interaction between previous treatment/no treatment and heroin/non heroin drug use? Data were collected from 89 male drug abusers as they entered treatment and also at discharge. Patients entering treatment for the first time were found to be more socially adjusted, but no differences were found between the two groups on attitudes, mood, or symptoms. Non-heroin patients with previous treatment scored significantly lower on the cheerfulness factor of the mood scale. At discharge, no differences were found between previously treated patients and new patients. PMID- 7379703 TI - Incidence of self-medication among Nigerian university students. PMID- 7379702 TI - Stability of a factor-analytic description of smoking behavior. AB - Three types of human smoking behavior, identified by factor analysis of questionnaire responses, were found to exhibit a stable structure in a series of different populations and environments. Type I smoking behavior is closely related to a personally perceived need for tobacco products. Types II and III are related to psychosocial-sensorimotor rewards and the intensification of pleasure, respectively. The typology is easily detectable and remarkably constant in the following populations: staff, employees, and patients of a teaching hospital in London, England; urbanites and suburbanites of mixed ages in a part of metropolitan Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.; college students in Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S.A., elderly urbanites and suburbanites in the metropolitan areas of (a) Stockholm, Sweden and (b) Goteborg, Sweden; and the adult children of the Swedish groups (a) and (b). PMID- 7379704 TI - Diagnostic radiography: what are the risks? PMID- 7379701 TI - Non-medical drug use amongst non-student youth in India. AB - In a survey of non-medical drug use by 266 non-students in the age range 10-24 years, tobacco, alcohol and cannabis were found to be the drugs more commonly used. Use was greater in males, older age groups, those with lower educational levels and those from urban areas. In comparison to students, among non-students use was practically limited to tobacco, alcohol and cannabis, the use was more regular and the age at onset lower. In a pilot trial of two additional strategies to identify drug users among non-student youth, namely cross-validation by fellow employees and verbal group administration of the questionnaire, the number of current users identified was very similar to that found by individual verbal administration, suggesting that these cheaper methods may be useful in some circumstances. PMID- 7379705 TI - Antacids - a reappraisal. PMID- 7379707 TI - Vaccination against the pneumococcus. PMID- 7379706 TI - Help with sexual difficulties. PMID- 7379700 TI - Strength of drug habits: for heroin, morphine, methadone, alcohol, barbiturates, pentobarbital, benzedrine, cocaine, and marijuana. AB - The drug habits for 78 confirmed opiate addicts were studied on eight scales from the Process Association Test of Addiction (PATA) for many drug names. Through cluster analysis eight stages of addiction were defined: "to be clean", "to learn about drugs", "to hustle", "to chip" (also "to be high"), to be psychologically dependent or "to need a shot", "to be hooked" "to kick a habit" and "to be in treatment". Associations stimulated by the words heroin and morphine were very similar over the eight stages of addiction in opiate addicts. The subjects were especially inclined to associate morphine and heroin with the most severe level of addiction, "to be hooked". Associations to both methadone and cocaine were elevated at the "hooked" stage, but in other respects associations to these drugs were opposite. Thus, associations to cocaine were focused on the stage of psychological dependence and the lower intermediate stage of addiction, "to chip" and "to be high", whereas associations to methadone suggested a turning away from addiction as indicated by avoidance associations ("to come down" and "to kick a habit") as well as associations to "treatment" and "to be clean". Marijuana, Benzedrine, "goofball" (barbiturates) and alcohol habits were prominent at an intermediate stage of addiction ("to chip" and "to be high"). Avoidance associations were common for Benzedrine and "goofballs" (also pentobarbital) but not for marijuana or alcohol. "Hustling" associations were frequent for marijuana but not for alcohol. PMID- 7379709 TI - [Diagnosis of bladder carcinoma]. PMID- 7379710 TI - [Interactions of antihypertensive agents with other drugs]. PMID- 7379708 TI - [Why are myopic persons more intelligent?]. PMID- 7379711 TI - [Low pressure treatment of pregnant women by non-physicians?]. PMID- 7379712 TI - [Costs for a special congress abroad]. PMID- 7379713 TI - [Determination of urea in blood and serum by the reflotest-urea method (author's transl)]. AB - Tests in five laboratories on pooled sera in three concentration ranges demonstrated good reproducibility of urea concentration with the Reflotest-Urea, at a variation coefficient from 2.4% to 5.0%. Comparison with the urease/GLDH, Berthelot and diacetylmonoxim tests on sera from routine samples indicated good agreement of results even for pathological samples. Using whole blood there was also good agreement with results with plasma of the same samples. The Reflotest Urea method is simple because different dose ranges can be used and the reaction time of ten minutes is not crucial. In-vitro studies using 37 of the most commonly used drugs in different areas of medicine failed to reveal any interference with the test. PMID- 7379714 TI - [Suspected poisoning and actual poisons found in chemico-toxicological emergency investigations (author's transl)]. AB - In almost half (46.5%) of 400 chemico-toxicological investigations suspected poisoning had been assumed without a specific poison being named. In 73% of these cases toxicologically important substances were demonstrated. In 19% of cases no poison could be demonstrated and in approximately 6% of cases poison ingestion could neither be ascertained nor ruled out. In 53.5% of emergency investigations suspected poisons could be named before the beginning of analysis. The information could be verified partially or completely in 78%. In 20% of these more poisonous substances were found than suspected and in 16.3% none of the suspected substances but completely different toxic ones were demonstrable. In 5.6% of cases suspected poison ingestion could not be verified. PMID- 7379715 TI - [Cyclophosphamide and vincristine in therapy of acute kidney failure in idiopathic rhabdomyolysis]. PMID- 7379716 TI - German experience with the Japanese fish accumulation test. PMID- 7379718 TI - Predicted bioconcentration factors and soil sorption coefficients of pesticides and other chemicals. PMID- 7379717 TI - Experiences with test systems using Daphnia magna. PMID- 7379720 TI - Toxicity, fertility, teratogenicity, and dominant lethal tests in rats administered cadmium subchronically. II. Fertility, teratogenicity, and dominant lethal tests. PMID- 7379719 TI - Toxicity, fertility, teratogenicity, and dominant lethal tests in rats administered cadmium subchronically. I. Toxicity studies. PMID- 7379721 TI - DNA alteration and repair. PMID- 7379722 TI - Panel report: Panel to Discuss the Epidemiology of 2,4,5-T, New York City, July 10-11, 1979. PMID- 7379723 TI - [Community health nursing: concepts and strategies]. PMID- 7379724 TI - [Health and the development of a rural health service system]. AB - The first part of this article reviews the interesting experience of the Center for Multidisciplinary Research in Rural Development (CIMDER) of Cali, Colombia, in the application of a model for the integrated development of health services. The strategies used in the model were: services available to all individuals and families in the community, use of accessible technology, community participation, and cooperation between the health sector and other development sectors. The second part briefly reviews the role of the nurse in health and development and takes issue with the traditional narrow view of the sphere of action of nursing as a profession. It is asserted that, in order to bring about the extension of health services and community development, it is necessary that the nurse serve in a position of leadership on a multidisciplinary team as either coordinator of services, supervisor of personnel, or education, and as liaison for the formal health care system with the community to enlist its active participation. PMID- 7379725 TI - [Education of nursing personnel for community health care]. AB - The article reviews the efforts that nursing has been making in Peru to adjust training to the health needs of the population, particularly in rural and marginal urban areas, and in keeping with the policy of extending coverage by the strategies of primary care and community participation. In particular, the program of the Professional Baccalaureate in Nursing is reviewed, and a detailed description of its planning is given on the basis of selected functions, the educational process, the curricular structure, and progress made since the program was launched. Noteworthy among the innovative aspects of this experiment is the imparting of professional training in discrete learning blocks, which take the place of subjects. These blocks center on the teaching-learning of functions, which are identified through the analysis of community problems and health needs. Each function or group of functions serves as a focus around which are assembled the knowledge and skills required to master them and thus for attainment of the educational objectives of each block. PMID- 7379726 TI - [Participation of the Association of Nursing Schools of Ecuador in the development of the profession]. AB - A brief summary is given of the development of nursing in Ecuador, particularly since the introduction of the national nursing policy in 1972. The training course is divided into two parts. The first qualifies the nurse to give comprehensive care to the patient in the areas of mental health, maternal and child health, surgical medicine, community health, and administration--after which she engages in rural practice for one year. The second part involves further studies in the areas mentioned and research by those who wish to go on to the licenciate degree. Also described are the functions of the Association in regard to teaching the nursing service, and the interests of the profession. PMID- 7379727 TI - [An experience in training health personnel in Brazil]. AB - This paper analyses the experience of the Strategic Health Personnel Training Program (PPREPS) in Brazil during 1976-1978. It describes the Program's general characteristics, objectives, and strategies, operational methods, and results. The article also evaluates information regarding the health-related human resource development process and its political and social context. Finally, several perspectives are considered for its continuity in the future. PMID- 7379728 TI - [Training of the auxiliary personnel]. AB - The writer highlights the essential role played by auxiliary nursing staff in health services. She stresses the need that such staff be trained in well organized programs that include learning experience that prepare the student for real-life situations that will be encountered on the job. She cites the advantages of employing auxiliaries, who increase the productivity of the health system and release higher-level personnel for more demanding tasks. She also refers to the importance of competent supervision capable of stimulating auxiliaries to occupational self-improvement. Finally, she outlines a series of strategies for the future training of nursing auxiliaries in Latin America. PMID- 7379729 TI - [Lipid makeup of the organs of normal white rats]. AB - The lipid composition of some tissues and organs of Wistar rats fed on control diet (conventional palets) was studied by a modified thin-layer chromatographic technique for determination of lipid groups and by gas chromatographic analysis of the fatty acid composition of triglycerides and phospholipids in the different organs. Data are adduced on the content of total lipids, esterified cholesterol, triglycerides, fatty acids, free cholesterol and phospholipids in the following organs and tissues: plasma, liver, lung, heart, muscle, adipose tissue, testes, brain, adrenals, bone marrow, thymus, red cells and lymph nodes. The fatty acid composition of these organs, resp. of their phospholipids and triglycerides was also determined. Data are given on five fatty acids, viewed from a physiological background. The data obtained in this assay may be used in comparative studies of lipid changes in rat organs and tissues. PMID- 7379730 TI - [Measurement of the specific electrical resistance of the blood (rho) and its determination mathematically in dogs]. AB - The role of specific electric resistance of blood (rho) in determining systolic cardiac volume by impedance plethysmography is discussed. It is pointed out that the known five mathematical equations for rho estimation by the hematocrit (Hct) and the temperature (T0) differ from one another and are moreover good for humans, but not for experimental animals. A suitable equipment and technique for direct (in vitro) measurement of rho is suggested. The obtained results enabled to deduce a mathematical dependence, allowing to determine the specific electric resistance of blood (rho) in dogs with sufficient accuracy, on the basis of the hematocrit and the temperature. The adequacy of this mathematical dependence for determination of rho in dogs has been confirmed by control studies. PMID- 7379731 TI - [Physical and physiological bases of rheography of the gastrointestinal tract]. AB - In vitro experiments have shown that two kinds of factors are involved in the mechanism, by which the rheogram of the contractile activity of the gastro intestinal organs is obtained: changes in the geometric parameters of the organ and its wall, on the one hand, and variations in tissue conduction, displayed during the contraction cycle in the smooth muscle, on the other. PMID- 7379732 TI - [Enzymatic study of esterase-D in cadaver blood]. AB - Two hundred and sixty cadaver blood hemolysates were examined. Death had occurred from several hours to 20 days before. The most common phenotype was EsD1 (in 83,46 per cent of the samples), followed by ESD2-1 (15--72 per cent) and EsD2 (0,77 per cent). The gene frequency of EsD1 was 0.9135 and of EsD2--0.0865. It was compared with the gene frequencies of adult Bulgarian population--EsD1- 0.8976 and EsD2--0.1024 (1660 persons examined); the differences are insignificant. The phenotypes were correlated with the theoretically expected distribution, using the Hi-square criterion; the difference proved to be accidental (P less than 0.05). In altogether preserved cadavers, regardless of the cause and time of death, enzyme EsD phenotypes were well expressed. In advanced cadaver decomposition fluorescence activity was reduced. PMID- 7379733 TI - [Ultrastructural localization of peroxidase activity in experimental thyroid gland tumors]. AB - Thyroid adenomas and carcinomas were induced after continuous (12--15 months) treatment of Wistar rats with methylthiouracyl. Ultrastructural cytochemical technique was used in studying the localization of thyroid peroxydase in different follicular cell structures. In control animals, the enzyme was localized on the ER membranes, the internal lamellae of Golgi's apparatus, the perinuclear membrane, the microvilli and in isolated apically arranged lisosomes and microvesicles. No peroxidase activity was detected in animals, having received one-month methylthiouracyl treatment. This was confirmed also by the chromatographic study, showing the presence of inorganic iodine only. Peroxidase activity was demonstrable in only part of the thyroid adenomas and carcinomas; the enzymes was localized in the same subcellular structures as in control animals. In these tumors a variety of iodine-containing components were also identified, largely of the MIT and DIT group. PMID- 7379735 TI - The analysis of single EMG potentials by means of multivariate methods. PMID- 7379734 TI - [Effect of citrate, tartrate, succinate and phosphate ions on the penetration of phosphorus-labelled anions into erythrocytes]. AB - Membrane permeability for different ions may successfully be evaluated under conditions of ionic equilibrium, which provides osmotic equilibrium in the cell and steadiness of its volume. The present investigation was promoted on red cells of experimental animals under conditions of ionic equilibrium, using P32 with up to 30 microCi activity. Unidirectional penetration of ions in the red cells was studied. The speed constant K0 was derived from the graphic relation InA=f(t) as an angular coefficient at the starting moment. The type of ions was shown to influence K0 value, which was maximal in the presence of tartarate ions in the suspension medium and minimal in the presence of succinate ions. This study demonstrated that the activation energy does not depend on the ions in the solution. The results are highly suggestive of the existence of differences in the mechanism of penetration of different ions through the red cell membrane. PMID- 7379736 TI - Effects of artificially induced ischemia (AII) on the electrophysiological pattern of muscular fatigue in healthy humans. PMID- 7379737 TI - Alteration of blink reflexes in hemispheral lesions. PMID- 7379739 TI - Function of the quadriceps femoris muscle under maximal concentric and eccentric contractions. PMID- 7379738 TI - Iatrogenic femoral neuropathy. Considerations on its prognosis. PMID- 7379740 TI - Serial sensory and motor conduction measurement in Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 7379741 TI - Lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei abolish the cervically stimulated prolactin surges in the rat. PMID- 7379742 TI - Time-trend analysis of plasma cortisol concentrations in the fetal sheep in relation to parturition. AB - Using a cortisol RIA carefully validated for specificity in fetal ovine plasma, we studied plasma cortisol time-trend changes in eight chronically catheterized sheep fetuses in the last 22 days of gestation before the spontaneous onset of labor. Best fit exponential type curves were drawn for each individual fetus to define the time before the onset of labor at which fetal plasma cortisol was rising at different rates. Fetal plasma cortisol increased at a rate of 0.5 ng ml 1 day-1 as early as 17.1 days before labor in one fetus, whereas the mean value for all eight fetuses occurred 11.8 +/- 1.0 (SEM) days before labor. The rate of increase doubled to 1.0 ng cortisol ml-1 day-1 as early as 14.4 days before labor in one fetus, whereas the mean value for all eight fetuses occurred 9.3 +/- 0.9 days before labor. These findings suggest that the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the prelabor increase in fetal cortisol production are activated earlier in gestation than we previously thought. PMID- 7379743 TI - The secretion of parathormone fragments 34-84 and 37-84 by dispersed porcine parathyroid cells. PMID- 7379744 TI - Two daily surges of prolactin secretion in the immature female rat. AB - Serum concentrations of PRL were determined at 3-h intervals during a 24-h period in 27- to 43-day-old female rats maintained on a 14-h light, 10-h dark schedule. Blood samples for analysis by RIA were obtained either by decapitation or from intraatrial cannulae implanted 1-2 days before the experiment. Two peaks of serum PRL were observed in the 27- to 33-day-old rats. In the animals in which blood was obtained after decapitation, one peak occurred at 1800 h and the other occurred at 0600 h; in animals with intraatrial cannulae, one PRL peak was at 1400-1700 h and the other was at 0200-0500 h. PRL surges were constantly separated from each other by 9-12 h. The 42- to 43-day-old rats, a few days before puberty, showed a diurnal peak at 1800 h but no nocturnal peak in the cannulation experiment. The data demonstrate the existence of two daily surges of PRL secretion in the immature female rat. PMID- 7379745 TI - Biliary excretion of iodothyronines in rats as determined by high pressure liquid chromatography: effect of starvation. PMID- 7379746 TI - Thyroid hormone-induced dissociation between plasma triglyceride and cholesterol regulation in the rat. PMID- 7379747 TI - Dynamics of the estrogen receptor in the uteri of mice treated neonatally with estrogen. AB - Experiments were performed to examine the uterine response to estrogen and the dynamics of uterine estrogen neonatally. Uterine tissue of neonatally estrogenized mice showed a markedly reduced response to estrogen in the adult. The concentration of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in the uteri of such mice was markedly lower than that of neonatally vehicle-injected control mice. Nuclear and cytoplasmic estrogen receptors of uteri in both groups were determined by the exchange assay at various intervals after injection of estradiol. Nuclear translocation of estrogen receptor complexes in neonatally estrogenized mice was similar to that in control mice. The concentration of cytoplasmic receptor decreased to low levels by 1 h and began a gradual increase from 1-16 h after injection in both groups. Between 16-24 h after injection, however, the level of cytoplasmic receptor continued to increase in control mice but almost ceased to increase in neonatally estrogenized mice. Ten daily injections of estradiol continued to increase the concentration of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in control mice. On the other hand, in neonatally estrogenized mice treated daily with estradiol, the receptor level reached a plateau on day 5. These data suggest that the induction of new uterine estrogen receptor under the influence of estrogen may be altered by neonatal estrogen treatment. PMID- 7379748 TI - Effect of endocrine modifications and pharmacological treatments on brain and pituitary concentrations of beta-endorphin. PMID- 7379749 TI - Sex difference in serum calcitonin level in rats as related to feeding, fasting, and age. AB - Serum calcitonin (CT) was measured in male and female Fischer fasted and fed rats from 1-24 months of age. Previous findings by ourselves and others that serum CT rises with advancing age and is higher in females than in males were confirmed and extended. The effects of feeding were examined with the use of three different protocols, overnight fasting then feeding for 1 h, feeding ad libitum, and feeding rats for 2 h after they had been on a fixed feeding schedule for 4 weeks. At 1 month of age serum CT was too low to measure in either sex, fed or fasted. From 2-24 months of age, feeding increased serum immunoreactive CT much more in females than in males. The increase in serum CT was accompanied by a slight decrease in serum calcium. We concluded that the release of CT in rats after eating is sex related. PMID- 7379750 TI - Hormones and the lung. III. Thyroid hormone uptake kinetics of perinatal rat lung. PMID- 7379752 TI - An androgen receptor in the nuclei of late spermatids in testes of male rats. PMID- 7379751 TI - Uptake and processing of dopamine by cells of the anterior pituitary gland. PMID- 7379753 TI - Osseous changes and abnormalities of mineral metabolism in rats with glycopeptide induced nephritis. AB - A laboratory model of renal osteodystrophy was developed in rats by a single injection of glycopeptide isolated from renal cortical tissues of rats according to the method used by Shibata et al. to induce glomerulonephritis. Approximately 60-70 days after injection, severe proteinuria appeared and continued for at least 170 days at a rate of more than 1 g/day. Morphological changes in the kidney were typical of chronic glomerulonephritis. The plasma calcium concentration was lowered transiently by the 96th day after injection, but was restored to the normal range thereafter. Plasma parathyroid hormone levels, however, continued to rise in parallel with the degree of proteinuria. Marked secondary hyperparathyroidism was induced which led to severe bone atrophy. Histological examinations showed a marked increase of resorbing cavities, with a quantitatively larger number of osteoclasts in cortical bone tissues compared with the control animals. No spontaneous remission was observed. It is emphasized that all of the biochemical and morphological changes reported here were induced by a single injection of homologous renal glycopeptide, and they were highly reproducible. PMID- 7379754 TI - Regional vascular effects of antidiuretic hormone in normal and sympathetic blocked rats. PMID- 7379755 TI - Effects of estrogen on specific protein synthesis in the cockerel liver: an immunocytochemical study on major apoproteins in very low density and high density lipoproteins and albumin. AB - The effects of estrogen on two major apolipoproteins, apoVLDL-II and apoA-I, and albumin synthesis have been studied morphologically in cockerels using immunocytochemical methods. After the administration of a single dose of diethylstilbesterol (5 mg), the number of apoVLDL-II-containing hepatocytes increased markedly. The reaction product was also detected in the sinusoids. In contrast, the number of apoA-1- and albumin-containing cells did not seem to change significantly after estrogen treatment. The number of albumin-containing hepatocytes was higher than the number of apoVLDL II- or apoA-I-containing cells in the basal state. After estrogen, apoVLDL-II-containing cells were much more abundant than the other two cell types. The morphological changes induced by estrogen are correlated well with changes in the concentration of the three proteins in plasma after estrogen treatment. PMID- 7379756 TI - Hormone ontogeny in the ovine fetus. X. The effects of beta-endorphin and naloxone on circulating growth hormone, prolactin, and chorionic somatomammotropin. AB - The potential role of beta-endorphin (beta-EP) as a stimulus to fetal GH, PRL, and chorionic somatomammotropin secretion was investigated in the chronically catheterized ovine fetus. beta-EP (500 microgram/kg, iv) was administered to six fetuses between 84-100 days gestation and to four fetuses between 112-131 days gestation (term, 147 days). The peak incremental GH response of 104.4 +/- 21.1 ng/ml in the younger fetuses was greater (P less than 0.01) than that of the older fetuses (38.0 +/- 11.9 ng/ml). Pretreatment of the fetus with naloxone (100 500 microgram/kg, iv) 5 min before beta-EP reduced (P less than 0.02) the GH response to beta-EP, which suggests that the GH stimulating action of beta-EP was mediated via opiate receptors. Naloxone alone (400 microgram/kg, iv bolus, followed by 400 microgram/kg over 1 h of infusion) had no significant effect on fetal plasma GH. There was no significant change in plasma PRL after beta-EP; however, fetal PRL rose in the three oldest fetuses studied (122, 126, and 131 days). Fetal ovine chorionic somatomammotropin was not altered by either beta-EP or naloxone. The fetal hypothalamic pituitary unit can respond by mid-gestation to exogenous beta-EP with increasing GH secretion. However, in late gestation, the GH responsiveness to beta-EP decreases significantly. It is postulated that this decreased responsiveness is a consequence of the maturation of hypothalamic inhibitory mechanisms regulating GH secretion. The effects of beta-EP on GH and PRL secretion are dissociated in the ovine fetus. PMID- 7379757 TI - Effects of altered thyroid function on plasma prolactin clearance. PMID- 7379758 TI - Calcitonin-like immunoreactivity in rat and human pituitary glands: histochemical, in vitro, and in vivo studies. AB - This study was designed to determine whether pituitary glands contain an immunoreactive material which reacts with antisera to calcitonin (CT) and, if so, whether secretion of the material could be demonstrated. Testing 15 antisera to rat and human CT and using an immunoperoxidase method, we found 2 antisera to human CT which stained rat pituitaries and several which stained human pituitaries. Essentially all cells in the rat intermediate lobe and scattered cells in the rat and human anterior lobes showed staining, and staining was not entirely abolished by prior adsorption of antisera with rat or human CT. The 2 antisera which stained rat pituitaries showed cross-reactivity with several synthetic human CT fragments (1-18, 11-23 and 22-32) but not with ACTH-(1-39), ACTH-(1-24), beta-endorphin, alpha- or beta MSH, or bovine lipotropin. Crude extracts of pituitaries from 2 strains of young rats showed CT-like immunoreactivity which could be measured easily by RIA (0.2-0.3 ng/gland). In vivo, an antiserum which stained pituitaries and 1 which did not were compared using young rats made hypercalcemic (15-20 mg/dl) with iv Ca. In rats with thyroids, both antisera showed an increase in serum CT of more than 15-fold whether the pituitary was present or absent. In thyroidectomized rats, serum CT remained undetectable (less than 50 to 100 pg/ml) during hypercalcemia even if the pituitary was present. In vitro, rat pituitaries in a serum-free medium did not release measurable amounts of immunoreactive CT-like material even when medium contained high Ca (2.5 mM), high K (25 mM), or TRH (10(-6) M). Therefore, the findings agree with other reports of a CT-like material in the pituitary, but no secretion of the material could be demonstrated. We hypothesize that the material is not authentic CT but is, rather a related peptide sequence probably contained in the 31 K precursor protein of ACTH-beta-lipotropin. PMID- 7379759 TI - Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia in asymptomatic Hungarian and Italian populations. AB - The histological patterns of the gastric mucosa obtained by endoscopic biopsy were evaluated in two different ethnic groups, each containing one hundred patients without gastro-intestinal diseases. The incidence of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia increased with age in both groups, revealing a statistically significant difference above 60 years. The comparative study of gastric cancer death rates in the two population groups showed a significant prevalence in the Hungarians above 50 years. This fact seems to support the hypothesis that an ethnic group with high gastric cancer rate has a higher prevalence of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia in the older age groups, and offers additional evidence for the association of chronic inflammatory changes of the gastric mucosa with malignant gastric cancer. PMID- 7379762 TI - Precut papillotomy: a method to improve success of ERCP and papillotomy. AB - The use of precut papillotomy as an aid to diagnosis with ERCP and an expedient method for endoscopic papillotomy is described. Precut papillotomy enables the experienced endoscopist to increase the successful opacification of the biliary tree in cases in which other techniques have failed, including ERCP, and to initiate a papillotomy or sphincterotomy when the papillotome cannot be introduced completely into the papilla without serious complications. Precut papillotomy is recommended when opacification of the biliary tree or introduction of the papillotome is precluded because of papillary stenosis, impacted calculi or anatomic variations, either natural or acquired, but should only be performed by the endoscopist with experience in both ERCP and papillotomy. PMID- 7379761 TI - Endoscopic diagnosis of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID). AB - Six patients with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID), were examined endoscopically. The disease was found to involve the duodenum and jejunum and was characterized by the loss of the mucosal circular folds, a thickened cobblestone appearance of the mucosa and multiple sessile polyps. Ulceration of the mucosa was seen in one patient. A large ulcerated mass was seen in the third part of the duodenum in one patient. PMID- 7379760 TI - Endoscopic treatment of precanceroses and early gastric carcinoma. AB - A plea is made for individual age-adjusted endoscopic therapy of precancerous lesions and, under certain conditions, of early gastric carcinoma. True adenoma and borderline lesion have to be resected, if technically feasible, by snare ectomy. Tumour remnants or local recurrences can be destroyed by argon laser application. In poor-risk patients with a well-differentiated mucosal carcinoma situated close to the cardia, the risk of dying from metastases left behind after endoscopic resection seems less than that of fundectoma or gastrectomy. Endoscopic polypectomy was successfully practised in 6 patients with early gastric carcinoma with no tumor recurrence. PMID- 7379763 TI - Gastric involvement in herpes zoster. AB - A 76-year-old man with herpes zoster affecting the 7th thoracic dermatome on the right side was referred for gastroscopy because of anorexia, nausea, vomiting and burning epigastric pain. Lesions were seen along the greater curvature of the stomach suggesting mucosal herpes zoster. PMID- 7379764 TI - Endometriosis of the colon and rectum: an indication for peroperative coloscopy. AB - Endometriosis in women is a frequent disease and not uncommon is the implant of ectopic endometrium in the colon and rectum. In the present study three cases are reported without intestinal symptoms related to endometriosis, in which the intraoperative findings of thickened and stricturing areas of the colon and rectum--generally attached to the posterior portion of the uterus and presenting the aspects of a cancer--caused serious differential diagnostic problems, and made the choice of treatment difficult. These problems were solved by peroperative coloscopy that, revealing an extrinsic compression of the colonic and rectal wall in the presence of an intact mucosa, indicated the conservative treatment of the lesions in all three cases. PMID- 7379765 TI - Ischemic colitis in a young adult due to inferior mesenteric vein thrombosis. AB - A thirty-two-year-old male presented with abdominal pain and rectal bleeding due to ischemic colitis. Inferior mesenteric vein thrombosis was documented angiographically. No predisposing factors for thrombosis were found. The natural course of the disease was documented with fiberoptic endoscopy. The pathological changes which account for the radiologic alterations were documented. PMID- 7379766 TI - Seizure prognosis in long-stay mentally subnormal epileptic patients: interrater EEG and clinical studies. AB - Two groups of long-stay mentally subnormal epileptic patients, those with a chronically high seizure frequency and those who had become seizure-free, were studied for clinical and EEG factors relating to the prognosis of seizures. The mean period of observation was 20 and 22 years, respectively. All patients had a detailed clinical examination including psychometric testing, and for each, two EEG records were selected for blind semi-quantitative interrater analysis: an admission EEG and an EEG obtained within 6 months of the start of the study. Early onset of seizures, a high initial seizure frequency, multiple seizure types, upper motor neuron signs, and severe mental retardation characterized the seizure group. Significant admission EEG findings in this group included an absence of posterior dominant rhythmic activity, generalized delta activity, and frequent generalized paroxysmal discharges. Results of a linear discriminant analysis confirm that the admission EEG and clinical findings provide a basis for predicting outcome with a reliability on the order of 80%. PMID- 7379767 TI - Futher validation of the WPSI vocational scale: comparisons with other correlates of employment in epilepsy. AB - The present study evaluates the relationships between employment status and five types of variables: years of education, intelligence, emotional adjustment, neuropsychological impairment, and psychosocial adjustment. The latter two areas were evaluated by procedures specifically developed for work with seizure patients and include use of the Neuropsychological Battery for Epilepsy and the Washington Psychosocial Seizure Inventory. Fifty-eight patients were divided into groups based on their employment histories and classified as unemployed, underemployed, and employed. Results indicated that the two types of procedures developed specifically for work with clients having seizures demonstrated the most potent and consistent relationships with employment status. The study suggests that the use of these procedures in the evaluation of employability may be more effective than using only those variables which traditionally have been applied. PMID- 7379768 TI - Effects of kindling or brain stimulation on pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsion susceptibility. AB - The effects of either kindling or nonkindling brain stimulation on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsion susceptibility was assessed, using rats. The results show that repeated brain stimulation alone is sufficient to reduce the threshold dose of PTZ required to evoke a generalized convulsion, and that kindled convulsions do not significantly reduce the threshold further. However, kindled convulsions do increase the PTZ-induced convulsion duration and severity relative to that seen in stimulated or unstimulated animals. These results suggest that the increased convulsion susceptibility has two components that depend on different aspects of brain stimulation kindling. PMID- 7379769 TI - Number of synaptic vesicles in the rat somatosensory cortex after repetitive electrical stimulation prolonging self-sustained after-discharges. AB - The sensorimotor area of the cerebral cortex of rats was repetitively electrically stimulated (8 Hz for sec) at 10-min intervals, inducing a gradual prolongation of self-sustained after-discharges (SSADs). At 10 min after termination of the third SSAD, the animals were perfused with a fixation solution. The homotopic area of the contralateral hemisphere was examined in the electron microscope. In the II cortical layer, the agranular synaptic vesicles in type I synapses (after Gray) were counted close to the synaptic cleft. The number of synaptic vesicles was significantly increased in the experimental animals. PMID- 7379770 TI - Pattern-sensitive epilepsy. I: A demonstration of a spatial frequency selective epileptic response to gratings. AB - Rare individuals suffer epileptic seizures when they view certain images, particularly stripes. Contrast-threshold functions (the ability to see faint stripes of various widths) were determined for two pattern-sensitive brothers, and the epileptogenicity of various patterns was assessed for one of them. Sine wave grating contrast-detection thresholds for the two subjects were essentially normal, with lowest thresholds at approximately 2 cycles/degree (c/deg). Epileptiform discharges occurred maximally at 5 c/deg with a 1-octave 50% bandwidth. Pattern epileptogenicity was increased by the addition of a third harmonic sine wave grating to its fundamental, but was unaffected by the phase relation of the two gratings. The frequency selectivity of epileptic responsiveness was quantitatively similar to a "spatial frequency channel." Inhibitory interaction were not present. The findings suggest relations between the phenomena of pattern-sensitive epilepsy and hypothesized spatial frequency channels which merit further exploration. PMID- 7379773 TI - Increase in glutaminase activity during the growth cycle of cultured human diploid fibroblasts. AB - The activity of glutaminase per milligram of protein increased threefold after cultured human diploid fibroblasts were subcultured in fresh medium. The maximum activity was reached after 2 days of growth and decreased once the cells reached confluency. The increase of glutaminase activity was independent of the glutamine concentration between 0.2 and 2.0 mmol/l. In contrast, the specific activity of glutamate dehydrogenase was independent both of the glutamine concentration and the growth phase of the cultured cells. These results indicate that glutaminase, the first enzyme involved in the ultilization of glutamine as an energy source, is elevated in rapidly dividing human diploid fibroblasts. PMID- 7379772 TI - Occurrence of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity in the rat kidney brush border membrane. AB - 3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity was found in both mitochondria and brush border membrane fractions of the rat kidney. Differences in properties provide evidence of a nonmitochondrial 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in the brush border membranes. PMID- 7379774 TI - Origin of lactate dehydrogenase in amniotic fluid. AB - The origin of protein including enzymes in amniotic fluid is of clinical and research interest. 8 patients were evaluated, with their informed consent, prior to therapeutic abortion. Amniotic fluid, placentas and blood were obtained and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozyme patterns of cell-free amniotic fluid was compared to the LDH patterns of uncultured amniotic fluid cells, maternal serum and RBC, placentas and placental membranes. The LDH isozyme pattern of amnion closely corresponded to that of cell-free amniotic fluid and represents the major source of this enzyme in amniotic fluid. PMID- 7379775 TI - On the inhibition of lipoprotein lipase by Triton WR 1339. AB - The mode of inhibition of Triton WR 1339 (oxyethylated t-octylphenol polymethylene polymer) on postheparin lipolytic activity and on lipoprotein lipase activity of heart, adipose tissue and liver has been studied in the mouse in vivo and in vitro. The low enzyme activity observed in the acetone powder extracts of the tissues of triton-treated mouse, which had no measurable triton levels together with the significant reversal of triton-inhibition in vitro by increasing concentrations of enzyme, suggested that the primary action of the detergent is on the enzyme per se. PMID- 7379771 TI - Pattern-sensitive epilepsy. II: Effects of pattern orientation and hemifield stimulation. AB - The majority of pattern-sensitive epileptics described in the literature have responded mainly to veritical or near-vertical gratings. In this study, orientation selectivity was reexamined in two patients and the effects of hemifield stimulation are also reported. Prior studies of our subjects by Chatrian et al. (1970) revealed that Case 1 was sensitive to all orientations and that Case 2 was responsive to vertical or near-vertical gratings only. Upon reexamination, Case 1 was distinctly less sensitive to oblique orientations and Case 2 was slightly responsive to horizontal gratings. At the time of testing, Case 1 was clinically improved and Case 2 was acutely worse compared to their conditions during the 1970 studies. With low-contrast gratings, Case 1 responded only to vertical orientations. However, when presented with a checkerboard pattern, he responded only when the edges were diagonal and not when they were vertical and horizontal. Upper hemifield gratings were epileptogenic, whereas lower hemifield presentations were almost ineffective. Lateral hemifield presentation produced discharges mainly in the contralateral hemisphere. The results suggest that orientation selectivity is not a fixed property of the pattern-sensitive condition. Instead, it is apparently influenced by clinical status and pattern properties. The checkerboard results suggest that the epileptogenic feature of the pattern is its Fourier fundamental component rather than individual lines and edges. The hemifield results may indicate a functional difference between the upper and lower visual fields. PMID- 7379776 TI - Disease patterns among civil servants in Addis Ababa: an analysis of out-patient visits to a bank employees' clinic. PMID- 7379777 TI - Thyrotoxicosis and primary myxoedema in 13 Ethiopian patients. PMID- 7379778 TI - A case of cutaneous metastasis from ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 7379779 TI - Selected medical problems encountered in Massawa. PMID- 7379780 TI - Multiple drug resistance within Shigella serogroups. PMID- 7379781 TI - The causes of sharply bent or discontinuous Arrhenius plots for enzyme-catalysed reactions. AB - Two models are proposed to account for the abrupt changes in the enthalpy of activation (delta H*) that are sometimes observed, without corresponding abrupt changes in the maximum velocity (V), at apparent transition temperatures in the Arrhenius plots of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Both models predict that a small but observable discontinuity in V will usually occur, which distinguishes such plots from the sharply bent but continuous plots that result when the individual rate constants contributing to V have widely different temperature dependencies. One model applies to membrane-bound enzymes only, and predicts that delta H* will always be smaller above the transition. The other applies to both soluble and membrane-bound enzymes, and can account for either an increase or a decrease in delta H* as the temperature is raised. PMID- 7379783 TI - Purification of sea-urchin RNA polymerase II. Characterization by template requirements and sensitivity to inhibitors. AB - The purification of RNA polymerase II from gastrulae of Paracentrotus lividus is described. The enzyme obtained is homogeneous as judged by electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions. It is able to transcribe both native high-Mr P. lividus DNA and Psammechinus miliaris h22 histone DNA, although single-stranded and nicked DNAs are better templates. P. lividus RNA polymerase II forms with homologous native DNA stable binary complexes that are able to initiate RNA chains after exposure to heparin. Heparin-resistant complexes do not form on nicks of DNA molecules. Sensitivity of sea-urchin RNA polymerase II to rifamycin derivatives and alpha-amanitin has been determined. PMID- 7379782 TI - Amino acid transport in plasma-membrane vesicles from rat liver. Characterization of L-alanine transport. AB - Plasma-membrane vesicles, isolated from rat liver, catalyze active transport of L alanine. The transient accumulation of L-alanine requires the presence of Na+ concentration gradient (outside greater than inside). The alanine-Na+ symport is an electrogenic process, since it is stimulated under conditions that allow compensatory ion movements: both co-transported anions as well as counter transported cations influence the rate of alanine-Na+ symport. However, no uptake is observed in the presence of a membrane potential, when no Na+ concentration gradient is present. Sodium-gradient-stimulated alanine uptake is dependent on temperature and pH, stereospecific, and is affected by the presence of other amino acids. The activity of the L-alanine transport system is influenced both by the Na+ and by the L-alanine concentration. In the presence of 100 mM Na+, an apparent Km for alanine of 2 mM is observed; lowering the Na+ concentration results in an increase in the apparent Km, and a decrease in the apparent V. The apparent Km for Na+ is 34 mM in the presence of 0.2 mM L-alanine. Increasing the L-alanine concentration also results in a lower apparent Km for Na+, and a higher V. PMID- 7379784 TI - Studies on ribosomal proteins in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Resolution, nomenclature and molecular weights of proteins in the 40 S and 60-S ribosomal subunits. AB - This study is concerned with the identification and subunit localization of ribosomal proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum. The characterization is based on the resolution of ribosomal proteins by various methods of electrophoresis. 34 and 42 unique proteins were identified in the 40-S and 60-S ribosomal subunits respectively. The total mass of proteins in the 40-S subunit was 746,100 daltons and 981,900 daltons in the 60-S subunit. The molecular weights of individual proteins in the 40-S subunit ranged from 13,200 to 40,900 with a number-average molecular weight of 21,900. The molecular weight range for the 60-S subunit was 13,800--51,100 with a number-average molecular weight of 23,400. The 80-S ribosome contained 78 proteins, two of which were lost upon its dissociation into subunits. All the proteins of the 40-S and 60-S subunits could be identified individually in a 80-S map as well as in unfractionated proteins from whole cells. Purification of ribosomes in high-ionic-strength buffers resulted in non specific loss of the various proteins from the 40-S and 60-S subunits. In addition, the undissociated ribosomes contained about 10 acidic proteins in the molecular weight range 50,000--100,000, which were retained after washing the ribosomes in high-salt buffers. They were found in polysomes, run-off ribosomes and could also be identified in the 40-S subunit after dissociation. PMID- 7379785 TI - Isolation and characterization of an ornithine-containing lipid from Paracoccus denitrificans. AB - The isolation and characterization of an ornithine-containing lipid from various strains of Paracoccus denitrificans (grown heteretrophically and autotrophically) is reported. The structure of this aminolipid was found to be H2N--CH2--(CH2)2- CH[NH--CO--CH2--CH(O--CO--R1)--R2]--CO2H, where R1 predominantly represents the residue of octadec-11-enoic acid, R2 the residue of a 3-hydroxyeicos-13-enoic acid. In addition, the major phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol) were isolated and characterized. PMID- 7379786 TI - Addition of glucose to dolichyl diphosphate oligosaccharide and transfer to protein. AB - The glycosylation of asparagine residues in proteins is known to occur by transfer from a dolichyl diphosphate oligosaccharide containing glucose. Paper chromatography allowed the separation of oligosaccharides (obtained by acid hydrolysis of the dolichyl diphosphate derivative) containing 1, 2 and 3 glucose residues. Using this procedure it was found that the addition of all three glucoses to the dolichyl diphosphate oligosaccharide occur with dolichyl phosphate glucose as donor. Furthermore only the compound with three glucoses was used as donor in the transfer to protein. The addition of glucose to exogenous dolichyldiphosphate oligosaccharide labelled by transfer from radioactive guanosine diphosphate mannose was detected. PMID- 7379787 TI - Sodium-23 nuclear magnetic resonance as an indicator of sodium binding to troponin C and tryptic fragments, in relation to calcium content and attendant conformational changes. AB - The relaxation rate enhancements of the 23Na nuclei for NaHCO3 solutions of troponin C and its tryptic peptides TR-1 and TR-2 indicate true binding of Na+ ions to these biomolecules. The low-affinity sites I and II of TR-1 and troponin C are the sites of competitive Na+/Ca2+ binding, below one calcium ion per molecule, with log KNa approximately 2. At low calcium content Na+ ions bind to TR-2 and to troponin C non-competitively with Ca2+ ions; binding of Ca2+ ions to the high-affinity sites III and IV allosterically affects the binding of the Na+ ions: even when sites I and II, located on TR-1 or sites I, II, III, IV of troponin C, are saturated with Ca2+ ions, Na+ ions continue to bind weakly at secondary binding sites. PMID- 7379788 TI - Incorporation of the high-molecular-weight microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) into microtubules at steady state in vitro. AB - Purified high-molecular-weight microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) labelled with [32P]-phosphate has been obtained and used as a marker to study the incorporation of this protein into microtubules at steady state in vitro. The incorporation kinetics of protein MAP2 show two different mechanisms of addition of this protein into microtubules. A fast incorporation, which proceeds essentially independently of microtubule assembly, indicates its addition into binding positions which may be available along the structure. Once the microtubule has been saturated with the protein, its incorporation proceeds from one end of the microtubule, in a polymerization-dependent manner, at a slower rate. Loss of the protein from microtubules at steady state proceeds fundamentally at the opposite end. PMID- 7379789 TI - Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the iron spin-state transition in human aquomethemoglobin. PMID- 7379790 TI - Isolation and immunochemical characterization of the Euonymus europaeus lectin receptor from the major sialoglycoprotein of human O erythrocytes. PMID- 7379791 TI - Identification of the residues involved in the oxygen-linked chloride-ion binding sites in human deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin. AB - The number of Bohr protons released upon oxygenation of human hemoglobin was measured at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C as a function of the concentration of chloride ions. From the results obtained association constants could be evaluated for the binding of chloride ions to both deoxy and oxyhemoglobin at these two temperatures. Furthermore, pK values could be determined for those protonic groups involved in chloride ion binding to deoxy and oxyhemoglobin. From these data it was inferred that in oxyhemoglobin only imidazole groups are participating in chloride binding, whereas in deoxyhemoglobin the chloride binding site contained the alpha NH2 group of valine-1 alpha. The same conclusions were reached by measuring the pK values of the aminogroups of valine 1 alpha and valine-1 beta at different temperatures and ionic strengths. The pK values were measured by following the rate of reaction of 1-fluoro-2,4 dinitrobenzene with the alpha-NH2 group by spectrophotometric means. We further showed that binding of Cl-, Br- and I- to oxyhemoglobin follows the lyotropic or Hofmeister series, while this effect is much less for deoxyhemoglobin. This result indicates that for the binding of anions to oxyhemoglobin interactions with non-polar groups contribute to the free-energy change of binding. PMID- 7379793 TI - Origin of the selectivity of alpha-dicarbonyl reagents for arginyl residues of anion-binding sites. PMID- 7379792 TI - Purification of two DD-carboxypeptidases/transpeptidases with different penicillin sensitivities from Proteus mirabilis. AB - Two membrane-bound enzymes of Proteus mirabilis with the dual functions of peptidoglycan DD-carboxypeptidase and transpeptidase (named DD carboxypeptidase/transpeptidase H and L) were isolated and purified by selective solubilization with the nonionic detergent Genapol X-100, affinity chromatography on matrix-bound ampicillin, and preparative isoelectric focusing in the presence of detergent. Purified enzymes H and L were, respectively, penicillin-binding proteins 4 and 5 among seven major penicillin-binding proteins present in P. mirabilis. The enzymes differed in the following properties. Enzyme H had an Mr of 49,000; isoelectric point at pH 8.2; high sensitivity to benzylpenicillin and permanent inactivation because of high stability of the enzyme-antibiotic complex EI* (half-life 300 min); fragmentation of benzylpenicillin with formation of phenylacetylglycine during the slow decay of EI*; it functioned as an endopeptidase on peptide-crosslinked side chains of peptidoglycan. Enzyme L had an Mr of 43 000; isoelectric point at pH 5.9; low sensitivity to benzylpenicillin and low stability of EI* (half-life 7.2 min) with rapid recovery of enzyme activity; no function as an endopeptidase. The properties of enzyme L were identical with those of the single active DD-carboxypeptidase found previously in the spheroplast L-form of P. mirabilis grown in the presence of benzylpenicillin. We conclude that the partial penicillin resistance of P. mirabilis, with growth as L-form and synthesis of peptide-crosslinked peptidoglycan, depends on the continuing fuction of enzyme L as a DD-carboxypeptidase and transpeptidase in the presence of the antibiotic. PMID- 7379794 TI - Light and electron microscopic observations on cell division in two large pennate diatoms, Hantzschia and Nitzschia. I. Mitosis in vivo. AB - Mitosis and cytokinesis have been followed in live cells using Nomarski and birefringence optics. Prophase is protracted. The small square or rectangular spindle is brillantly birefringent and situated close to one side of the cell. It grows very slowly until suddenly it begins to elongate rapidly, doubling or trebling its length in a few minutes. This prometaphase stage is immediately accompanied by very active, oscillatory movements of the previously quiescent chromosomes, along invisible tracks directed at either pole. Independently, each pair of chromatids soon attaches to the other pole as well; immediately, its oscillations cease, and it becomes stretched across the central spindle. Some chromosomes attach almost as soon as the spindle enters the nucleus, others much later. The overlap in the central spindle becomes discernable during mid prometaphase; it stays roughly the same length while the total length of the spindle increases to a temporarily stable maximum at metaphase which is quiescent except for late chromosome attachments and which lasts around 10 mins. Then suddenly and synchronously, the chromatids split and immediately move polewards as if tension has been released in the. About a minute later, the spindle recommences elongation, but now the overlap diminishes in step with elongation. At this stage, Nitzschia and Hantzschia differ markedly in behavior. In Hantzschia, like other diatoms, the half spindles become coarsely striated near the poles, and the elongated central spindle stays intact after reaching its maximum length, until broken by the cleavage furrow, whereupon the broken halves slowly disassemble. In contrast, the half spindles in Nitzschia never display such striations, and after maximum elongation, the central spindle rapidly breaks down entirely, before cleavage is complete. The cleavage furrow grows inward very slowly during metaphase. Its ingrowth is stimulated during late anaphase, and it moves inwards at about 20 micrometer/min. Most of the cleavage is accomplished in about 4 mins. The chloroplasts are pulled inwards and finally pinched in two by the furrow. These events are discussed with emphasis on the dynamics and mechanics of spindle assembly, elongation and disassembly. PMID- 7379795 TI - Light and electron microscopic observations on cell division in two large pennate diatoms. Hantzschia and Nitzschia. II. Ultrastructure. AB - Cells, preselected to cover all stages of mitosis, were sectioned accurately for investigating changes in spindle structure that accompany mitosis. During spindle formation, the interphase Microtubule Center (MC) breaks down. Numerous tiny foci, each apparently nucleating one microtubule (MT) and derived from the MC, line up along the two polar plates; lateral interaction between these two sets of (oppositely polarized--?) MTs is presumed to generate the MT packing arrangement characteristic of the diatom spindle's overlap. Later, when the elongating central spindle enters the nucleus at prometaphase, the MTs from each polar plate have either interacted thus to generate the central spindle proper, or else they radiate into the nucleus. This latter population of MTs interacts with the kinetochores and most become thereby organized into kinetochore fibres. The zone of overlap quickly develops ragged edges, suggesting that it is labile (i.e., by irregular sliding and/or growth of MTs) even at early prometaphase. Metaphase spindle structure is as expected from light microscopy. The collar material is difficult to discern, but it apparently permeates the kinetochore fibres. During anaphase, the overlap diminishes and disappears as the spindle elongates. The chromosomes always move past the ends of the spindle, a movement accomplished without any apparent involvement of MTs. In N. sigmoidea, the spindle invariably breaks down upon completion of elongation, and the scattered remnants of its MTs soon disappear. In contrast, the central spindle of H. amphioxys persists until it is broken by the cleavage furrow; the MTs in the half spindle away from the overlap always exhibit pronounced clumping. These observations are integrated with extensive observations on mitosis in vivo, with a view to understanding the mechanisms of spindle formation, function and disassembly. PMID- 7379797 TI - Isolation and characterization of DNA from different plastid types of Tropaecolum majus. PMID- 7379798 TI - Selective suppression of positive chemotaxis in Physarum polycephalum by treatment with rotenone or under anaerobic condition. AB - The chemotactic motive force of plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum was measured by the double-chamber method. The treatment of plasmodia with 0.1 mM rotenone did not affect the motility of the palsmodia but led to suppression of the chemotaxis toward all the attractants examined (glucose, galactose, c-AMP, KH2PO4). Rotenone treatment did not affect the chemotaxis against repellents (fructose, NaCl). Similar results were obtained when the chemotactic motive force was measured under an anaerobic condition (95% N2-5% CO2). PMID- 7379796 TI - [Different behaviour of paternal and maternal genomes during embryogenesis in the fern, Marsilea (author's transl)]. AB - The DNA of gametes of the water fern, Marsilea vestita, has been radioactively labelled during gemetogenesis. The distribution of the originally present paternal and maternal genomes could thus be followed during the development of the embryo. It has been found that the maternal chromatin is uniformly distributed among the daughter cells of the several successive cell generations. However, the paternal chromatin divides equally only during the first three embryonic divisions. From this stage on, the partition varies according to the different areas of the embryo. Only the organogenic cells retain a high degree of radioactivity. This pattern of inheritance concerns chiefly the apical cells of shoots and roots. This peculiar behaviour of the paternal genome can be explained in different ways. At present, a non-random distribution of paternal chromatids, i. e. a selective segregation of old and new strands of DNA to opposite poles of embryonic mitoses, appears most likely. PMID- 7379800 TI - Use of the modulation transfer function in comparing the visual outcome units of gamma camera. AB - Modulation transfer function (MTF) was used in comparing the visual outcome units of gamma camera. Polaroid camera system and Micro Dot imager were studied using Polaroid film type 105 positive/negative and Kodak SO-179 X-ray film. It was proved that resolution in the Micro Dot imager is better than in the Polaroid camera system used, especially near the surface of the measuring object. PMID- 7379799 TI - [Glycolysis in specialized liver parenchymal cells? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7379801 TI - Methods for measuring the modulation transfer function of gamma camera systems. AB - The MTFs of three different gamma camera systems have been measured using two methods. In one method a step function was used as the object and the calculations were made by means of a pocket calculator. This method has been compared with a conventional line source method, where a computer is needed in performing the calculations. The methods give the same results with a fairly good accuracy. Both of the methods are well suited to a regular control of the condition and functioning of a gamma camera, provided that the camera is connected to a data-processing system so that the profile curves measured can be converted into the digital form. PMID- 7379802 TI - An instrument for checking the radioactivity in shielded syringes. AB - A description is given of an instrument that can be used for checking, to within ten percent, the radioactivity in shielded syringes. The unit is simple in design and construction and easy to use. The lead shield of the syringe does not have to be removed, since only radiation emitted along the direction of the barrel is detected. A range of syringe sizes can be accommodated and, whilst the instrument is calibrated for 99Tcm with activities in the range 1-10 mCi, both higher and lower activities and other radionuclides can be used. Each measurement takes only a few seconds and the activity of radiopharmaceuticals can be routinely checked immediately before injection. PMID- 7379805 TI - Modifying effect of commercially available stannous pyrophosphate (PYRO-Sn) on the tissue affinity of 99mTc pertechnetate. AB - Investigations were performed to examine the conditions required for in vivo labelling of red blood cells (RBCs) with 99mTc after injection of stannous pyrophosphate. It was found that good in vivo labelling of RBCs is possible and that the efficacy of this procedure is high. The highest concentration of 99mTc in the blood occurred in the first 2 h after pertechnetate injection, and the optimum time between stannous pyrophosphate and pertechnetate injection ranged from 10 to 30 min. PMID- 7379803 TI - Uptake and excretion of 67Ga-citrate in malignant tumors and normal cells. AB - Using in vivo and in vitro experimental models, the uptake and excretion of 67Ga citrate in tumor cells and normal cells were studied. The time-lapse accumulation of 67Ga in the tumor of rats bearing Yoshida sarcoma reached its peak 24 h after the administration of 67Ga and gradually decreased thereafter. However, the excretion of 67Ga from the tumor was less than that from normal lung. For culture cells in vitro, the uptake of 67Ga increased with lapse of contact time between 67Ga and the cells, but there was no distinct difference between the results for tumor cells and normal skin fibroblasts. The excretion of 67Ga from the cells tended to decrease with prolongation of the contact time, the excretion from tumor cells being only about 10% after a contact time of 24 h. This indicated a significant delay in excretion in comparison with that of normal skin fibroblasts. This delay in the excretion of 67Ga may be an important factor in the tumor accumulation of 67Ga. PMID- 7379806 TI - Morphological study of the liver using local rate of uptake analysis. AB - Four types of liver functional images were obtained by calculating for each point on an image matrix the local uptake rate, the local uptake transit time, the point's own maximum and the time necessary to attain the maximum. The study was based on 52 cases: 21 controls and 31 cases of hepatic disease. The controls showed a homogeneous spread of colloidal substance on the images of local uptake rate and local transit time, despite variations in liver tissue thickness. In the cases of parenchymal lesions revealed by deficient uptake on standard images, local variations of uptake rate were almost always shown even in instances where the standard images showed minimal variation. This technique therefore would seem to bring additional diagnostic assistance by permitting a better appreciation of liver morphology and function and the processing time required (approx. 1.5 min.) does not necessitate an increase in overall examination time. PMID- 7379804 TI - SORB-GEL method of analysis of 99mTc-labelled compounds. PMID- 7379807 TI - Dynamic scintigraphy with high temporal resolution. Phase dynamic studies of rapid periodical processes. AB - The theory and general method of construction of the phase dynamic studies of rapid periodical processes with high temporal resolution is described briefly. Moreover, problems are discussed that are associated with the introduction of external pulses into dynamic studies in LIST-mode, the spatial and temporal reconstruction from LIST-mode, the computer's construction of phase dynamic studies, the selection of correct cycles, the creation of phase histograms and processing of the phase studies. The method is illustrated by a general program LIST leads to PHASE DYNAM. STUDY created for Clincom apparatus. In addition to the general method, there is mentioned here the modification of the simplified procedure--a well-known EKG-gated method. Some aspects of the method are documented by the results of phantom measurement and clinical examinations. PMID- 7379808 TI - The use of coronary vasodilators in myocardial imaging with 43K. PMID- 7379809 TI - Cardiac studies using red blood cells labeled with Tc-99m in vivo with single intravenous injections--first pass technique, gating and blood pool scanning. AB - The investigations were carried out in 51 patients with different cardiovascular diseases using a gamma camera coupled to a computer. Pyrophosphate (Sn) injection followed by technetium-99m injection were administered through only one puncture of an antecubital vein. Tc-99m was given as a bolus and its passage through the cardiac cavities was recorded and ejection fraction and wall motion of left ventricle were estimated. It was observed that 10-30 min after Tc-99m injection a steady activity Tc-99m-labeled RBCs was maintained in the vascular bed which made possible evaluation of the motility of cardiac walls by the gating technique. Presence of labeled RBCs also permitted blood pool scans and spleen scans to be obtained. Cases investigated by this method for pericardial effusion and splenomegaly are described for illustration. PMID- 7379810 TI - Measurement of cerebral blood flow in the pig by the Xe-133 clearance technique. Failure of the two-compartmental clearance model. AB - The Xe-133 clearance technique is used to measure cerebral blood flow in the pig, which often serves as an experimental animal for cardiovascular research. The clearance curves are fitted by a two-exponential model. However, the fitted parameters are incompatible with a two-compartmental model: the values found for the parameters depend on the length of the clearance curve analysed. The discrepancies are thought to be consequences of the heterogeneity of cerebral blood flow and of mathematical problems of parameter identification. The non validity of the relative weight of the fast clearance component as an anatomical or functional parameter is demonstrated. The use of the mean time constant, mean transit time, mean decay constant and initial slope for determination of cerebral blood flow rates is discussed. The mean cerebral blood flow of the anaesthetized pig measured by the clearance technique is found to be lower than the blood flow measured by means of a flow probe around the common carotid artery (with the external carotid artery tied off). The existence of a significant arteriovenous shunt flow is postulated. PMID- 7379811 TI - A macrofunction for computer processing of comprehensive renal function studies. AB - Details of a series of computer programs associated with a complex renal function procedure, all linked together into a single "macrofunction" are presented. Input consisted of not only in vivo nuclear medicine information, but also data concerning patient identification, urine volumes, voiding time, urine specific gravity, blood pressure and other pertinent information. Computer output consisted of images, curves and typed information presented in an integrated format ready for inclusion into the patient's record. Clinical evaluation of this comprehensive renal function macrofunction has proved to be useful, econominal, rapid and accurate. It has conveniently sorted a wide variety of disease states and provided clinical information not available from any other non-invasive technique. PMID- 7379812 TI - 99mTc-methyl-CCNU for the static imaging of kidneys. AB - A new radiopharmaceutical, 99mTc-Methyl-CCNU, was prepared for the static imaging of kidneys and the radiochemical purity was tested by paper and thin-layer chromatography. The biological distribution was studied in 15 mice sacrificed at 10 min. 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, and 6 h after IV injection. Blood clearance and excretion of the agent in urine were followed in three volunteers for a period of 24 h. Renal uptake was high (25% in 6 h), plasma clearance very fast (90% in 1 h), and urinary excretion reached a platueau after 6 h with 25% excretion. A longitudinal slice of a rabbit kidney showed the cortical accumulation on autoradiography and scintigraphy. Clinical studies indicated the usefulness of this radiopharmaceutical as a kidney imaging agent. PMID- 7379813 TI - Value of the free triiodothyronine index in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. AB - Normalized T4 (T4N), total T3, T3 resin sponge uptake (T3U) and the response of TSH to TRH were determined in 264 patients sent for diagnosis of thyroid function. Many of these patients were diagnostic problem cases. Those with disease or medication known to invalidate the TRH test, but not those with abnormal thyroid hormone binding capacity in serum, were excluded. A free T3 index (FT3 index) was calculated as the product of total T3 and T3U. The FT3 index tended to decline with increasing age, the mean value being significantly higher in the youngest patients (12-20-years-old) than in the older age groups. In the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, the FT3 index was superior not only to T4N but also to total T3, particularly in the presence of elevated hormone binding capacity (relatively low T3U). It is anticipated that the FT3 index will be most useful as a routine test for hyperthyroidism, especially in several (though not all) instances where the TRH test is invalidated. PMID- 7379814 TI - Recognition of systemic portal shunts by lower extremity radionuclide venography. AB - Radionuclide venography was used to conduct 120 investigations of pelvic veins to find signs of systemic portal shunting. No signs of flow abnormalities were shown in the upper abdominal region in 80 patients with normal pelvic veins; 40 patients suffered from pelvic occlusions. Of these, 10 showed paraumbilical hot spots or liver demonstrations. These symptoms are assessed as signs of systemic portal shunts. The hemodynamic significance of this complication of pelvic vein thrombosis is discussed. It is supposed that a shunt from the systemic veins to the portal vein does not occur as infrequently as described in the literature. The radionuclide venography with 99mTc microspheres is a new and simple way to detect complication of pelvic vein occlusions. PMID- 7379816 TI - The preparation and stability of radioiodinated antipyrine for use in local blood flow determinations. AB - The accurate assessment of local blood flow by recording the washout of a deposit of radiolabelled 4-iodoantipyrine (4-IAP) requires the use of a stable radiopharmaceutical. This communication shows that it is possible to produce a 125I and 131I-4-IAP compound which fulfills this requirement under simulated conditions of use. PMID- 7379815 TI - Isotope phlebography in the study of lower extremity venous thrombosis. AB - Isotope phlebography is performed using 99mTc as pertecnetate, macroaggregates of albumin (MAA) or microspheres of albumin (MISA). The isotope is injected at a dose of 6-10 mCi into the dorsal foot veins. The area studied begins at the knee and is followed successively by the groin, the iliac area and the region of the IVC. A pulmonary scan is performed when MAA or MISA are used. Our method has proven to be reliable in showing 1) thrombosis of the veins of the groin and iliac area, which appear as a 'non visualisation' of the venous tract, 2) delayed transit time of the isotope, 3) visualisation of the superficial circulation (changes and irrgularities). The association of istope phlebography with pulmonary scan is useful for evaluating the femoral-iliac and the vena caval system and for detecting the presence of pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7379817 TI - Body disappearance and liver mean transit time of 99m-Tc-diethyl-IDA. AB - The body disappearances and the liver mean transit times of a hepatobiliary tracer, 99mTc-diethyl IDA, were measured from 100 cholescintigraphies of 98 patients. Fifteen patients had no hepatobiliary disease; their mean body disappearance was 6.6, SD 1.1%/min, and mean liver mean transit time 32, SD 19 min. The values within 2 SDs, disappearance greater than or equal to 4.4%/min and mean transit time less than or equal to 70 min, were used as reference values. Disappearance constants below 4.4%/min were observed 29% and mean transit times exceeding 70 min in 49% of the examinations performed on patients with some hepatobiliary abnormality. The calculated parameters were compared with the levels of serum bilirubin and ASAT. Disappearance constants below 4.4%/min were seen in 33% and mean transit times exceeding 70 min in 55% of the patients who had either abnormal serum bilirubin or ASAT due to a hepatobiliary disease. The correlation between the serum bilirubin and the disappearance was -0.13, and between ASAT and body disappearance it was -0.28. The corresponding correlation coefficients of serum bilirubin and ASAT with the liver mean transit times were 0.33 and 0.44. Long mean transit times in relation to bilirubin and ASAT were seen in some acute cases. Short mean transit times in relation to bilirubin and ASAT were seen with falling serum levels of the latter. PMID- 7379818 TI - The mechanism of adsorption of Ga-67 citrate to cultured cells. AB - Gallium adsorption was investigated at various pH values, with and without chelating agents or buffers. Evidence was obtained that Ga-67 citrate was adsorbed to cells in a polymeric form at a certain pH. Adsorption of Ga-67 to cells and to a glass surface reached a maximum at pH 4.5. When Ga-67 solutions were centrifuged to separate the precipitate, the highest precipitated radioactivity was found at the stated pH. With the addition of chelating agents which interact strongly with gallium, the adsorption to either cells or a glass surface was stoichiometrically inhibited. No such inhibition occurred, however, when counter ions unbound to gallium were added. The amount of Ga-67 released from the cell depended on the pH, suggesting that most of the gallium is deposited on the cell surface. Our results support Glickson's conclusion that gallium citrate forms a polymer at a certain acidic pH, which results in an increased cellular uptake by unknown mechanisms, presumably by pynocytosis. PMID- 7379820 TI - Biochemical concept and synthesis of a radioiodinated phenylfatty acid for in vivo metabolic studies of the myocardium. AB - A biochemical concept is proposed for a radioiodinated fatty acid avoiding high iodine background in imaging studies of the myocardium. For this approach omega (p-123I phenyl)-pentadecanoic acid is chosen and a method for synthesis and quality control described. PMID- 7379821 TI - Gallium 67 scintigraphy in abdominal diseases. AB - An abnormal localization of radioactivity from gallium 67 in the left upper quadrant of abdomen was found in a pancreatic abscess with invasion of adjacent structures. PMID- 7379819 TI - Relationship of molecular structure to in vivo distribution of carbon-11-labeled compounds. VI. Carbon-11-labeled aliphatic diamines. PMID- 7379822 TI - Radionuclide angiocardiography in tricuspid atresia. AB - In two cases of tricuspid atresia and one of severe tricuspid stenosis the Glenn and Fontan operation was performed. These patients were evaluated post operatively by studying the distribution of the ventilation with Xe-133 on a gamma camera; the pulmonary circulation was evaluated by injection through antecubital and pedal veins of TC99mMAA and angiography was performed by "in vivo" tagging of red blood cells with TC99m04 preceded by the administration of stannous pyrophosphate. The scintigraphic findings in two cases consisted of decreased ventilation of the left lung and grossly normal perfusion of both lungs. In one case there was abundant collateral because of partial occlusion of the anastomosis between the superior vena cava and right pulmonary artery. The patients also had angiocardiography with contrast medium; the correlation between the scintigraphic and angiocardiographic findings was excellent. PMID- 7379824 TI - Cultural diversity and special education. PMID- 7379825 TI - Nondiscriminatory evaluation. PMID- 7379826 TI - Curriculum adaptations and modifications for culturally diverse handicapped children. PMID- 7379827 TI - Communicating with parents of culturally diverse exceptional children. PMID- 7379823 TI - Determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by analysis of capillary blood after single shot injection of 99mTc-DTPA. A comparison with simultaneous 125I iothalamate GFR estimation showing equal GFR but difference in distribution volume. PMID- 7379828 TI - Teacher education for culturally diverse exceptional children. PMID- 7379829 TI - Teacher and social worker agreement on behavioral expectations of special children. PMID- 7379830 TI - Aging and the maintaining of preparation. AB - In an experiment on 25 women and men who were selected for short RT (reaction time) and who ranged from 22 to 85 years of age, some loss of preparation was found over an interval of about 4 seconds during which there was constant momentary probability of signal occurrence. The central finding was that the amount of loss remained invariant with age. Numerous controls were used to ascertain that this stability was not an artifact. Support was given to the contention of Loveless and Sanford [14] that the markedly longer RTs found for older than for younger subjects when long, constant PIs (preparatory intervals) are employed is not attributable to difference in ability to maintain preparation. However, the reason for the foregoing effect remains in question. Loveless and Sanford [14] suggest that older subjects may not be able to control preparation in some more general sense and suggest that they do not use available timing information. However, similar findings on schizophrenics have been explained in terms of inhibitory effects with increased redundancy [1]. A method is suggested for eliminating the artifactual shortening of RT at the longest waiting period found in studies using the present method for measuring the maintaining of preparation. PMID- 7379831 TI - Two-way television: an experiment in interactive programming for the elderly. AB - This study was conducted to 1) assess the effectiveness of an experimental two way cable TV system in reaching the older people for whom it was designed, and 2) assess the attraction of this locally-based age-targeted system for its viewers. The study evaluates the system's effectiveness in reaching its target audience by examining information about the types of viewers--both younger and older--who have been attracted to the system. In addition, differences in factors that predict viewing frequency for younger and older people are used to illuminate life stage differences in people's attraction to locally-based TV programming. Findings show that the system had successfully reached its target audience within two years of inception. Watching the interactive TV programs because of the system's provision of information about local events and because of the senior citizens' focus strongly predicted viewing frequency for both older and younger respondents. The ability of locally-based interactive TV programming to serve social and informational needs of older people which are unmet by traditional broadcast television is discussed. PMID- 7379832 TI - Capacity of old versus young male rats to release thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in response to different stimuli. AB - Serum TSH, T4 and T3 were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 20-24 month old and 6-8 month old Long-Evans male rats during basal conditions, and upon exposure to cold temperature (4 degrees C), injection of ovine TSH, thyroidectomy, and T4 or T3 treatment. Basal serum TSH values in the old and young rats were similar, but serum T4 and T3 levels in the old rats were significantly lower than in the young rats. No differences were observed in TSH release between old and young rats in response to cold temperature, but old rats whowed no rise in serum T4, TSH administration produced a significantly smaller increase in serum T4 in old rats, but similar increases in serum T3 in old and young rats. No differences were observed between old and young rats in the rise of serum TSH after thyroidectomy, or in the fall of serum TSH after T4 or T3 administration. These results are believed to indicate that the primary cause for reduced thyroid function in old rats lies in the thyroid gland itself. PMID- 7379834 TI - Failure of B6 deficiency to affect performance of aging rats in a passive avoidance task. AB - Male Fischer-344 rats from three age groups (6-7, 15-16, and 27-29 months) were given either a pyridoxine deficient diet or control diet for five weeks. Differences in body weight produced by the diets were evident in the youngest age groups but not in the oldest group in which all animals tended to lose weight. There was no evidence that diet or age affected performance during passive avoidance learning. PMID- 7379835 TI - Fc receptors on rabbit lymphocytes. Existence of receptors for IgG antibody complexed with antigen; conditions for its detection. AB - The presence of Fc receptors (FcR) on rabbit peripheral blood leukocytes is demonstrated using rosette formation with an ox erythrocyte-antibody (EoxA) complex. The receptor is specific for the Fc fragment of IgG (neither IgM nor F (ab')2 anti-Eox mediates rosette formation) that is antigen-bound (aggregated rabbit IgG inhibits the rosette formation only transiently). The receptor is species-specific: guinea pig IgG/Eox, goat IgG/Eox and sheep IgG/Eox complexes do not show rosette formation, and goat IgG aggregates do not inhibit rosette formation. The origin of the target erythrocytes is of importance. Sheep erythrocytes are not useful, and within Eox large differences between donors were found. Rosette formation was only inhibited by pretreatment of the rosette forming cells with homologous immune complexes, whereas the size of the antigen greatly influenced the degree of inhibition. The rabbit FcR is pronase-resistant, unlike the human and murine RcR. The interaction of IgG and the FcR is not inhibited by isolated C gamma 3 domains. Further evidence for the requirement of the whole Fc region was obtained in experiments where inhibition of the rosette formation was observed using antisera directed to the C gamma 3 and the C gamma 2 domain, respectively. Anti-Fab antiserum did not inhibit rosette formation. Results are discussed in relation to the mechanism of allotypic suppression. PMID- 7379833 TI - Memory of historical events. AB - Younger (mean age = 20) and older (mean age = 64) adults were asked to recall the dates and make recency judgments for historical events that occurred in each of three time periods between 1862 and 1977. Overall there were no age differences in either the number of correct dates or the number of correct recency judgments. However, younger adults tended to perform better than older adults on events that occurred most recently, and performed significantly better on events that occurred during the respective times of their youth. In addition, somewhat different patterns of performance on the two dependent measures suggested that detailed information about events is lost with time, but that more general information may not decline with time. PMID- 7379836 TI - Thymus cell migration. Quantitative aspects of cellular traffic from the thymus to the periphery in mice. AB - We have used intrathymic injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate to label thymocytes in situ. The method gives random labeling of the thymocyte population and so can be used to quantitate the extent of migration of cells from the thymus to the periphery. Migrant cells can be visualized in frozen sections or cell suspensions of peripheral organs by their fluorescence. Our data show that in young adults, about 1% of thymocytes leave the thymus per day. Since the bulk of thymocytes turn over every 5 to 7 days, this indicates that the vast majority (95%) of thymocytes die within the thymus. Cells that do leave the thymus, go mainly to the T areas of lymph nodes, spleen and Peyer's patches. Migrants are extremely rare in bone marrow, gut and liver. Migration is about the same in neonates as in adults relative to the size of the thymus, but is considerably lower in older animals where it is only about 0.1% of thymocytes per day at the age of six months. PMID- 7379837 TI - Inhibition of (3H)-dopamine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes by the new non tricyclic antidepressants, FS32 and FS97. AB - The effects of new non-tricyclic antidepressants, FS32 and its desmethylated compound (FS97), on the uptake of (3H)-dopamine (DA) by rat purified whole brain synaptosomes and the striatal synaptosomes were studied. The uptake into synaptosomes was time- and temperature-dependent and was saturable with a Km value of 9.1 X 10(-8) M. The inhibiting activities of both compounds were comparable to those of amitriptyline, nortriptyline and iprindole, and were nearly twice the activity of imipramine and desipramine. The kinetic constants indicated that both FS32 and FS97 were competitive inhibitors of (3H)-DA uptake. Neither drug caused a significant release of (3H)-DA from the synaptosomes. PMID- 7379838 TI - The effect of the phenyl phosphonate N-0164 on prostaglandin action and on post inhibitory excitation in the taenia of guinea-pig caecum. AB - In the taenia of guinea-pig caecum, electrical stimulation of the non-adrenergic inhibitory nerves caused relaxation which was followed by an after-contraction. The purinergic compount ATP (10(-5) M) also produced muscle relaxation while wash out was associated with an after-contraction. The role of prostaglandins (E1, E2, F1 alpha, F2 alpha; 10(-9)--10(-6 M) in these contractions was studied. The prostaglandin responses reflected by membrane depolarization (E type) and muscle contraction (E and F type) were inhibited by the phenyl phosphonate N-0164 (10( 5) M). This substance did not affect the membrane potential or the nerve-mediated non-adrenergic inhibitory junction potential (IJP). The effect of N-0164 on the muscle cells could account for the limited reduction of the after-depolarization and contraction following electrical stimulation. The ATP after-contraction, however, could be inhibited completely by N-0164. The results are consistent with the possibility that the ATP after-contraction was produced by E type prostaglandins, while involvement of prostaglandins in post inhibitory excitation following nerve stimulation seems unlikely. PMID- 7379840 TI - Contraction velocity analysis of norepinephrine and angiotensin-II activation of vascular smooth muscle. AB - The contractile response of vascular smooth muscle is known to consist of fast and slow components of contraction. We investigated the effect of norepinephrine and angiotensin-II on these functional properties of vascular smooth muscle in a quantitative fashion by analyzing the velocity of isometric tension development in rabbit aortic strips as a function of time. Basic premises for contraction velocity analysis are: (1) tension development is proportional to agonist concentration and relates to the amount of calcium fixed by the contractile proteins; (2) the rate of tension development (Qt) reflects the rate calcium is mobilized; (3) the rate at which calcium is made available relates to agonist concentration; (4) calcium is available from internal and external sites; (5) the calcium source)s) activated are characteristic of the mechanism of action of a particular agonist, and (6) the source of calcium activated is identifiable. Aortic strips were contracted maximally with norepinephrine and the velocity of contraction found to decrease with time according to the empirical expression Qt = phi 1e-phi 2t + theta 1e-the 2t. Experiments in calcium-free medium served to identify the tonic component of norepinephrine-induced contraction as the second term while angiotensin demonstrated only one term (phasic) which was independent of extracellular calcium. Strips contracted with different concentrations of norepinephrine or angiotensin showed dose-dependent actions on these functional properties of vascular smooth muscle as revealed by their effects on the contraction velocity parameters. An expression describing the contribution of each component to total tension developed was derived by integrating the above expression to give Qtot = phi 1 (1--e-phi 2tmax)/phi 2 + theta 1 (1--e-theta 2tmax)/theta 2. The contribution of each component to total tension development was donse-dependent and their sum gave the total tension observed experimentally with norepinephrine. For angiotensin, the first term of the preceeding expression gave the observed tension response. It is concluded that contraction velocity analysis affords a new approach for studying the effects of vasoactive agents on the functional properties of vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 7379839 TI - In vivo hamster skeletal muscle preparation: morphine sensitive - naloxone insensitive. AB - The hamster cheek pouch retractor muscle preparation has been evaluated as an assay model for morphine and the opiate antagonist, naloxone. The preparation is in vivo and stimulation of the muscle is reflex. The higher the concentration of morphine injected into the pouch the greater was the average percent reduction in contractile force. Unilateral injections of morphine did not affect the contralateral muscle and so action of the drug was judged to be peripheral and local. The results with naloxone suggested that the opiate receptors in this preparation were relatively insensitive to the drug. The model has potential as an in vivo assay system for testing opiates, opiate agonists and antagonists. It may also prove to be valuable in studying tolerance to opiates and the withdrawal syndrome, as well as serving as a model for pain modulation studies. PMID- 7379842 TI - Effect of kainate on ATP levels and glutamate metabolism in cerebellar slices. AB - The levels of ATP and amino acids were measured in rat cerebellar slices incubated in the presence of the neurotoxin, kainic acid (KA). 0.1--1 mM KA caused a significant decrease in tissue content of ATP, glutamate, aspartate and glutamine. The levels of glutamate and aspartate, but not glutamine, rose concomitantly in the incubation medium. The results are consistent with a multiaction mechanism for the neurotoxicity of KA. PMID- 7379841 TI - Interaction of D 600 with phenoxybenzamine-induced adrenergic blockade. AB - Pretreatment of the vas deferens with D 600 (1 x 10(-5) M/10 min) prior to addition of phenoxybenzamine (PB) (1 x 10(-7) M/5 min) had no effect on the magnitude of initial adrenergic blockade but significantly increased the rate of recovery from blockade. These results suggest that the long duration of action of PB may be due to its action at calcium mobilization sites. PMID- 7379843 TI - The effect of phenobarbitone pretreatment on the narcotic antagonistic potency of naloxone in mice. AB - Pretreatment with phenobarbitone (5.0-20.0 mg/kg, s.c.) did not alter the antinociceptive effect (tail-flick assay) of morphine measured 4.5 h later. However, naloxone was more potent in antagonising this antinociceptive effect in phenobarbitone-pretreated mice than in saline-retreated animals. Concomitant administration of naloxone in the pretreatment regime did not alter the effect of phenobarbitone. The enhanced naloxone potency was related to the amount of phenobarbitone given, and was observable at 3.0 and 4.5 h after pretreatment. It was no longer apparent at 6.0 h. Because of a difference in time course and in the ability of naloxone to block the phenomenon, it is suggested that the mechanisms underlying the increase in naloxone potency induced by phenobarbitone pretreatment and morphine pretreatment may not be the same. PMID- 7379844 TI - Serotonin receptor localization in rat brain by light microscopic autoradiography. PMID- 7379845 TI - Activation of dopamine receptors inhibits calcium-dependent glutamate release from cortico--striatal terminals in vitro. PMID- 7379846 TI - Supersensitivity to GABA's effect on benzodiazepine receptors develops after striatonigral lesions. PMID- 7379847 TI - Vasopressin release by histamine in the conscious goat. AB - The vasopressin releasing activity of histamine was studied in conscious goats. Histamine was infused into the brain ventricles or intravenously and serial blood samples were taken from the jugular vein. Plasma vasopressin was assayed by a radioimmunoassay for arginine vasopressin (AVP). After i.v. infusions of 300 micrograms and 1 mg of histamine, a pronounced increase in plasma AVP up to greater than 100 pg/ml occurred. This was considered secondary to hypotension, since it only occurred with doses that markedly decreased arterial blood pressure. When given i.c.v. even smaller doses of histamine increased plasma AVP without any concomitant decrease in blood pressure. There was a simultaneous decrease in renal free water clearance in hydrated animals. Up to the dose of 300 microgramshistamine, the increase in AVP was modest. Histamine 1 mg i.c.v., given to either hydrated or non-hydrated animals, increased plasma AVP about tenfold, up to 38.3 +/- 23.3 pg/ml and 56.7 +/- 19.0 pg/ml, respectively. In individual experiments the correlation between the AVP level and the degree of antidiuresis was less apparent, since the kidney seemed to be very sensitive even to small changes in plasma AVP. It is concluded that histamine releases vasopressin through a central mechanism and it is reasonable to suppose that histamine may act as a neurotransmitter in the vasopressin releasing system. PMID- 7379848 TI - The effects of cocaine, chlorpheniramine and tripelennamine on the cardiac responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation. AB - The effects of cocaine (COC), chlorpheniramine (CHL), and tripelennamine (TRI) on the cardiac responses to sympathetic neural stimulation were compared in open chest, anesthetized dogs. The amplitudes of the chronotropic responses were not significantly altered by any of these drugs. Similarly, the amplitudes of the inotropic responses were not affected significantly by either COC or TRI, but they were increased moderately by CHL. All three drugs prolonged the inotropic and especially the chronotropic responses. CHL and TRI, in addition to being antihistaminics, are inhibitors of the neuronal uptake of norepinephrine. Therefor, the similarity of the effects of CHL, TRI, and COC on the cardiac responses to sympathetic stimulation is probably ascribable to their inhibitory activities on the neuronal uptake mechanism. PMID- 7379850 TI - Reduced sensitivity of neurons to noradrenaline after chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs. PMID- 7379849 TI - Enhancement by progesterone of lysergic acid diethylamide inhibition of the copulatory response in the female rat. AB - Copulatory behavior in the ovariectomized rat, the lordosis response (L.R.) was induced by either estrogen alone or estrogen followed by progesterone. L.R. has been shown to be inhibited dose-dependently by lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). The effects of various hormone treatments on the LSD-induced inhibition were tested in the present study. Progesterone but not estrogen was found to significantly enhance the LSD effect in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the effect of LSD on spontaneous behaviors in an exploratory situation was not influenced by progesterone treatment. This phenomenon of increased L.R. inhibitor effect by LSD was probably not due to a steroid-induced change in LSD metabolism. The data show instead that progesterone specifically influences monoaminergic mechanisms, which are related to the action of LSD. This has important implications for the possibility that progesterone induces the L.R. by acting on monoaminergic mechanisms. PMID- 7379851 TI - Opposite effects of K+-induced depolarisation on endorphin/lipotropin secretion by anterior and intermediate lobes of the rat pituitary. PMID- 7379852 TI - Detection of 3H-cimetidine specific binding in rat anterior pituitary. PMID- 7379854 TI - Effect of nifedipine on segmental myocardial function in the anesthetized pig. AB - Intravenous (i.v.) administration of 3 micrograms/kg nifedipine decreased arterial blood pressure (MBP) by 20%, but had only minor effects on cardiac output (CO), coronary blood flow (LAD flow), (LVdP/dt)max and systolic wall thickening (SWT). Intracoronary artery (i.c.) administration decreased MBP (20%) as well as CO and (LVdP/dt)max. This was accompanied by a 100% decrease in SWT, despite a 40% increase in LAD flow. We conclude that after i.v. injection nifedipine has no direct effect on the myocardium and acts mainly by reducing the after-load, while after i.c. injection a direct negative inotropic action is dominant. PMID- 7379853 TI - Cardiovascular responses to central catecholamines of sinoaortic denervated rats. AB - The characteristic movement-related arterial pressure dips seen in sinoaortic denervated (SAD) animals suggested they should have enhanced vasodepressor responses to central adrenergic agonists. This was tested by comparing the reductions in mean arterial pressure and heart rate of conscious sham-operated (SO) and SAD rats during injections of norepinephrine (NE) or epinephrine (E) (0.25--16 micrograms) into the fourth cerebral ventricle. NE produced significantly greater maximum vasodepression and, simultaneously, significantly less bradycardia in SAD than SO rats. E, like NE, produced significantly more vasodepression in SADs, but unlike NE, elicited the same magnitude of bradycardia in both groups. The pressures were reduced and the log-dose pressure response curves shifted to the left in SAD rats. These results provide indirect evidence that central sensitivity to intracerebroventricular catecholamines is altered in SAD rats and that the direction of change in sensitivity is divergent for pressure and heart rate. PMID- 7379855 TI - The effect of (D-Ala2)-Met-enkephalin on the contraction of nictitating membrane in cats. AB - The effects of (D-Ala2)-Met-enkephalin (DAME) on the nictitating membrane contraction induced by either cervical sympathetic nerve stimulation or i.v. administration of norepinephrine were assessed in anesthetized cats. The contraction induced by sympathetic nerve stimulation (0.5--16 Hz) was greatly reduced by pretreatment with DAME (300 micrograms/kg, i.v.). The reduction due to DAME was readily reversed by administration of naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.v.). The contraction, enhanced after administration of cocaine, was also suppressed by DAME. On the other hand, the contraction induced by i.v. application of norepinephrine was unaffected by DAME pretreatment. The results indicate that DAME exhibit a morphine-like effect of the contraction of the nictitating membrane. PMID- 7379856 TI - Cross-tolerance between ethanol and morphine in the guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle/myenteric-plexus preparation. AB - Morphinization of guinea pigs with s.c. implanted pellets (4 X 75 mg morphine base) has resulted in tolerance, within the isolated longitudinal muscle/myenteric plexus preparation, to the in vitro inhibitory effects of morphine on the electrically induced contractions, and in cross-tolerance to the inhibitory effects of ethanol. Similar results were observed with opiate-naive preparations that were incubated for 18 h in Krebs-Ringer solution containing 40 muM morphine. Daily ethanol injections (6 g/kg) resulted in tolerance to ethanol and cross-tolerance to morphine. These results suggest a commonality between ethanol and morphine actions on the myenteric plexus preparation. PMID- 7379857 TI - Effects of phencyclidine on the spontaneous activity of monoaminergic neurons. AB - Intravenous phencyclidine (PCP) increased the firing rate of a population of slow firing dopaminergic neurons recorded in the substantia nigra of chloral hydrate anesthetized rats. PCP also significantly reduced the potency of i.v. d amphetamine to inhibit the firing of dopaminergic neurons. The drug produced little changes in the activity of serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe and consistently inhibited the firing of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus. PMID- 7379858 TI - Crystalline inclusions in the rabbit blastocyst. Evidence for microtubular aggregates. PMID- 7379859 TI - Changes in production and turnover of surface components labeled with [3H]mannose in amoebae exposed to a general anesthetic. PMID- 7379860 TI - Establishment of rat embryonic cells in vitro. Relationship of DNA synthesis, senescence, and acquisition of unlimited growth potential. PMID- 7379862 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges in human cells and Chinese hamster cells. Evidence that the rate of sister chromatid exchanges is a function of ploidy. PMID- 7379861 TI - Influence of environmental factors on the accumulation and differentiation of prefusion G1 lizard myoblasts in vitro. PMID- 7379863 TI - Roles of nuclear and cytoplasmic environments in the retarded DNA synthesis in Werner syndrome cells. PMID- 7379864 TI - Subcellular compartmentalization of estrogen receptors in human breast cancer cells. PMID- 7379865 TI - Analysis of the myogenic lineage in chick embryos. II. Evidence for a deterministic lineage in the final stages. PMID- 7379866 TI - Effects of colcemid on cavitation during mouse blastocoele formation. PMID- 7379867 TI - Variability of the limited lifespan state in amoeba. PMID- 7379868 TI - Repair of x-ray-induced DNA damage in aging human diploid cells. PMID- 7379869 TI - Tubulin synthesis in a temperature-sensitive mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. PMID- 7379870 TI - Nylon-fiber affinity selection of red blood cells and tissue culture cells on the basis of cell surface determinants. PMID- 7379872 TI - Fusion between interphase and mitotic plant protoplasts. Induction of premature chromosome condensation. PMID- 7379871 TI - Limited lifespan in somatic cell hybrids and cybrids. PMID- 7379873 TI - Protein synthesis in a new system for the study of senescence. PMID- 7379875 TI - Elimination of the germ nuclei of Paramecium tetraurelia by laser microbeam irradiation. PMID- 7379874 TI - Reorientation response of cells to repeated stretch and recoil of the substratum. PMID- 7379876 TI - Butyrate restores fibronectin at cell surface of transformed cells. PMID- 7379877 TI - Callosal projections from the two body midlines. AB - 1. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected within the proximal limb and trunk representation zones of the first somatosensory area (SI) of 16 cats. The tangential and laminar distributions of retrogradely labelled neurones (callosal neurones) of the contralateral homotopic cortex were studied. This cortex was explored with microelectrodes on the day after HRP delivery to relate the distribution of callosal neurones to the electrophysiological map of the trunk. 2. Callosal neurones were found in the contralateral SI area mainly in layer III, but also many in layer VI, especially following large HRP injections, and very few in the other layers. Callosal neurones of layer III were mostly pyramidal, those of layer VI pyramidal and non-pyramidal. Many neurones were intensely stained by HRP, and cell details, such as fine dendritic branchings, spines, and axon collaterals, could be seen. 3. Callosal neurones are grouped within two regions located, respectively, in the rostral and caudal parts of the exteroceptive trunk map. The rostral region overlaps the representation of the dorsal midline (cytoarchitectonic field 3b) and the second one that of the ventral body midline (cytoarchitectonic field 2). The cortex intermediate between these two fields contains rare callosal cells and receives afferences from the lateral trunk surface. Few or no callosal cells were found within the proximal limb zones. Neurones recorded from the two midline zones have bilateral receptive fields straddling either the back or the ventral surface of the trunk. 4. It is concluded that the interhemispheric fusion between the two hemibody representations in areas SI is brought about by the mutual callosal links which the two midline zones entertain with their contralateral homologues. PMID- 7379879 TI - Failure to find luxotonic responses for single units in visual cortex of the rabbit. AB - The firing frequency of a population of 213 units in striate and circumstriate cortex of the moderately restrained rabbit was studied under the influences of alternating 1-min periods of darkness versus steady, diffuse, featureless illumination. The intent was to determine whether luxotonic responses, so prominent in striate cortex of primates, are indeed absent in rabbits. Such was the case, there being only transient occurrences in three units where the continuing rate of discharge in darkness was double that in the light. There were, however, much more modest differences in rate of continuing discharge in light versus darkness, and for 46% of the units discharging greater than 1/s this difference exceeded 10% and/or 1/s. The rate of discharge in any case did not provide a reliable index as to the characteristics of a unit's receptive field in response to patterned visual stimuli. The nature and function of luxotonic activity in primates still not being understood, it cannot be decided whether its absence in rabbits represents a true qualitative or merely a quantitative difference between species. PMID- 7379880 TI - Bursting activity in tuberoinfundibular neurones during electrical stimulation of the rostral hypothalamus. AB - The firing of tuberoinfundibular neurones antidromically identified as projecting to the median eminence was recorded during electrical stimulation of the preoptic and/or anterior hypothalamic areas (PO/AH) of the rostral hypothalamus. Parameters of stimulation were chosen which are known to cause increased secretion of most adenohypophyseal hormones. Twenty-three of 58 neurones were excited during the periods of stimulation and approximately half of these excited cells fired in a bursting fashion reminiscent of that previously observed in other endocrine neurones. PMID- 7379878 TI - Prefrontal cortex of the cat: paucity of afferent projections from the parietal cortex. PMID- 7379881 TI - Cortical effects of daily sequential stimulation of right and left eyes in the kitten. AB - Beginning near the peak of the sensitive period to monocular deprivation, kittens were reared in darkness except for daily sessions during which the left eye was exposed first followed immediately by an equal amount of right eye exposure. The notion was that the sequence of stimulation may be an important determinant in cortical representation of each eye. Although study of single neurons in area 17 showed that nearly all cells were monocular, no systematic imbalance was found in the numbers of units controlled by each eye. PMID- 7379882 TI - Stimulation-dependent changes in synaptic effects on unit activity of medial preoptic nucleus neurones in rats. AB - Stimulation-dependent changes in synaptic effects were observed in medial preoptic nucleus neurones during stimulation of the amygdala or pyriform cortex in anaesthetized female rats. The changes occurred after 35--240 triple pulse stimuli repeated at 0.89 Hz. Median eminence stimulation did not produce any synaptic change. These data show the existence of synaptic plasticity in the neural pathway from the amygdala and pyriform cortex to the medial preoptic nucleus. PMID- 7379883 TI - Profile of the sensitive period for monocular deprivation in kittens. PMID- 7379885 TI - Is there an effect of monocular deprivation on the proportions of X and Y cells in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus? AB - The proportions and receptive properties of X and Y cells in the A and A1 layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) were studied in monocularly deprived cats. Contrary to previous reports, we found that there was no change in the relative number of Y cells in the geniculate layers driven by the deprived eye. There was also no marked change in the spatial resolution of X or Y cells driven from the deprived eye as compared to the cells driven from the normally experienced eye. In these same cats, the visual evoked potential from stimulation of the deprived eye with grating patterns was markedly reduced in amplitude. Furthermore, the cell bodies of the cells in the LGN driven by the deprived eye had shrunk. Therefore, these usual consequences of monocular deprivation are not necessarily associated with a loss of geniculate Y cells. PMID- 7379884 TI - Excitatory input from interneurons in the abducens nucleus to medial rectus motoneurons mediating conjugate horizontal nystagmus in the cat. PMID- 7379886 TI - Stimulation of the superior colliculus in the alert cat. I. Eye movements and neck EMG activity evoked when the head is restrained. AB - Electrical stimulation of the cat superior colliculus (SC), in conjunction with the accurate measurement of elicited eye movements and histologically verified electrode positions, has revealed a striking antero-posterior variation in collicular organization. Three zones could be defined in the SC on the basis of eye movement patterns and associated neck muscle EMG activity evoked from the deeper layers. The Anterior zone was coextensive with the central 25 degrees of the visual retinotopically coded map contained in the superficial layers. Saccades evoked from this zone were also retinotopically coded, and the latency of EMG activity depended on the position of the eye in the orbit. A similar observation applies to the entire monkey SC. The Intermediate zone was coextensive with the 25 degrees--70 degrees of visual projections. Saccades evoked from this region were "goal-directed" and were associated with invariant, short latency EMG responses. The Posterior zone was found in the extreme caudo lateral portion of the SC. Eye movements evoked from this zone were centering saccades associated with constant latency EMG activity. The present results in conjunction with previously demonstrated antero-posterior variations in projections to the SC, suggest that the motor strategies controlling gaze shifts toward visual targets vary depending on the location of the target in the visual field. PMID- 7379888 TI - Relationship of research postdoctoral experience and attainment of tenure by neuroscientists. PMID- 7379887 TI - Stimulation of the superior colliculus in the alert cat. II. Eye and head movements evoked when the head is unrestrained. AB - Electrical stimulation of the superior colliculus (SC) in alert cats free to move their head, evoked coordinate eye and head movements. The characteristics of these movements as well as their mode of coordination differed according to the collicular region being explored. Three zones were distinguished. In the anterior zone, evoked eye saccades were retinotopic and the accompanying head movements were slow and small in amplitude. The vestibular slow phase velocity signal was continuously added to the eye saccadic command so that the evoked gaze shift was identical, with the head fixed or free. In the intermediate zone, evoked eye saccades were goal-directed and the synchronous head movements fast and of large amplitude. The vestibular slow phase signal was cancelled during the eye saccade so that the evoked gaze shift was the result of the eye plus head angular displacement. In the posterior zone, the evoked head movements were goal directed. The pattern of eye movements was similar to a vestibular nystagmus. This zone probably directly commands body orienting movements. A model of SC function in gaze orienting behavior is proposed, calling upon at least two different modes of eye-head coordination. PMID- 7379889 TI - Effects of protein synthesis inhibition on kindling in the mouse. PMID- 7379890 TI - Effect of protein-free diet on the uptake of amino acids by the brain in vivo. PMID- 7379891 TI - Binocular depth vision in the rabbit. PMID- 7379892 TI - The mechanism by which degenerating peripheral nerve produces extrajunctional acetylcholine sensitivity in mammalian skeletal muscle. PMID- 7379893 TI - Cutaneous receptive field characteristics of primary afferents and dorsal horn cells in the avian (Gallus domesticus). PMID- 7379894 TI - Effect of altered calcium ion concentration on interictal spike generation in the hippocampal slice. PMID- 7379896 TI - Recovery of sexual receptivity in female rats with lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus. PMID- 7379895 TI - Experimental myasthenia gravis: isolation and quantitative assay of anti acetylcholine receptor antibody protein concentration in sera of rabbits immunized with Narke acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 7379897 TI - Activity levels of cholesterol ester metabolizing enzymes in brain in multiple sclerosis: correlation with cholesterol ester concentrations. PMID- 7379898 TI - Hematogenic cell infiltration of the aortic intima in normal and hypercholesterolemic swine. Studies on en face endothelium-intima preparations. AB - The incidence of periendothelial (epi, inter- and subendothelial) round cells in en face endothelium-intima preparations and cross-sections of swine aortas was determined. The round cell count of Sudan-positive and -negative intimal areas of thoracic and abdominal aortas of animals fed an atherogenic diet was compared with Sudan-negative areas of animals on normal food. Furthermore, spontaneous lesions at the aortic trifurcation in swine and abdominal aortic segments of humans with different stages of arteriosclerosis were studied and the aorta endothelium of normal animals was examined with a scanning electron microscope. According to these studies, round cells (monocytes or lymphocytes occur in the subendothelium as a normal constituent of the aortic intima. They are increased in spontaneous lesions and more frequent in induced fatty streaks. In swine, they participate primarily in intracellular lipid storage in Sudan-positive intimal areas. Their function in normal intima and in low-lipid intimal thickening is unknown. Similar observations were made with regard to the human abdominal aorta. PMID- 7379899 TI - Pathomorphological reactions of myocardium and intramural vessels of rats in the course of hypertension induced by depot angiotensin. Autoradiographic, light and electron microscopic investigations. AB - Autoradiographic, light and electron microscopic investigations on the effect of depot angiotensin on the hearts of rats suggested that the myocardium and the intramural vessels reacted with an activation of the mesenchymal and DNA metabolism already 3 hrs, after the injection of depot angiotensin. The reactions in the capillaries and small arterioles were dominating. Degenerative alterations could be found in the cardiac muscle cells only 9 hrs. after injection and culminated in infarction-like necroses and intensive mesenchymal proliferation after the 4th A II injection. Despite further daily applications of A II the degenerative and necrotic myocardial alterations will extensively diminish until the 14th day of experiment, while the mesenchymal activation and the enhanced DNA synthesis in the vessels remained unchanged. Thus an initial stage with the development of disseminated muscle fibre necroses and infarction-like alterations and a stage of compensatory adaptation may be distinguished in the heart after depot angiotensin injections. PMID- 7379900 TI - Dietary regulation of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) and phosphoglycerate kinase activity (PGK) in rat liver after feeding 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF). PMID- 7379901 TI - Action of chronic peracetic acid (Wofasteril) administration on the rabbit oral mucosa. AB - Peracetic acid Wofasteril) is increasingly made use of as a disinfecting fluid. Because of its high effectiveness it has found widespread use in medical practice. The action of Wofasteril on the oral mucosa during long-term action is studied by aid of an "oral tank". After a test period of 11 months peracetic acid only caused a slight ballooning of the superficial layers and enhanced vascularization of the submucous tissue. The results of the experiment suggest the intraoral administration of peracetic acid in oral surgery and stomatology. PMID- 7379902 TI - Ultrastructural and biochemical studies of the brain and other organs in rats after chronic ethanol administration. I. Electronmicroscopic investigations of the morphologic elements of the blood-brain barrier in the rat after ethanol intoxication. AB - The aim in view was to establish whether chronic administration of ethanol causes ultrastructura changes in the brain of rats, particularly in the structures through which alcohol penetrates to the brain, that is the cerebral cortex capillaries. The experiments were performed with 5 Wistar rats, three of which received ethanol according to RATCLIFFE'S model for 8 weeks in increasing concentrations from 2.5 to 25 per cent. Two rats served as control. In the endothelium of some capillaries of the brain cortex in the rats ingesting ethanol an enlargement of the cell nuclei was observed. The number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm and of micropinocytic vesicles was found to increase, and proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi system were noted. Considerable oedema was observed in the astrocytic processes surrounding the vessels, with the presence of numerous mitochondria of abnormal shape and huge size. Oedema of perivascular astrocytic processes and enhanced pinocytosis seem to indicate an increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier as the result of the toxic effect of ethanol. PMID- 7379903 TI - Ultrastructural and biochemical studies of the brain and other organs in rats after chronic ethanol administration. II. Electronmicroscopic studies of rat brain after chronic ethanol administration. PMID- 7379905 TI - Circadian ultrastructural changes in rat gastric parietal cells. AB - The ultrastructure of rat parietal cells of the gastric mucosa was investigated during the twenty-four hours of a day. Male rats were housed at ad libitum feeding under normal light conditions with dark night. The animals were sacrificed at 6.00 h, 12.00 h, 18.00 h and 24.00 h respectively, in groups of 5 animals after standard 24 hours of starvation. From this material the electronograms of 356 parietal cells (19% in 6.00 h, 26% in 12.00 h, 21% in 18.00 h and 34% in 24.00 h samples) were evaluated. Based on literary data, the parietal cells were specified as secreting parietal cells (S, 38% of the total), secreting parietal cells returning to resting state (SR, 18% of the total), resting parietal cells (R, 35% of the total) and resting parietal cells tending to early secreting state (RS, 9% of the total). Some types of parietal cells are statistically highly significantly (x2 = 130.9, p less than 0.001) unequally distributed during the circadian rhythm: S are less numerous at 6.00 h (2% of the total) and 12.00 h (4% of the total) than expected (7 and 10% respectively), and more numerous at 18.00 h (11% of the total) and 24.00 h (21% of the total) than expected (8 and 13% respectively). Conversely, R are more numerous in the morning (13 and 15% instead of 7 and 9% respectively) and less in evening samples (4 and 3% instead of 7 and 12% respectively). Distribution differences were proved statistically (x2-test) for all cell-cell and hour-hour combinations expect the combinations S-RS and 6.00 h to 12.00 h. The maximal differences in distribution were found to be between the amounts of S and R at 6.00 h and 24.00 h (x2 = 77.3, p less than 0.001) and at 12.00 h and 24.00 h (x2 = 69.3, p less than 0.001). Thus, a distinct circadian rhythm of parietal cells, especially as to their fine cell structures involved in acid production was demonstrated. The results render further evidence of the rhythmicity of gastric acid production in rats. PMID- 7379904 TI - Carcinogenic effect of N-bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine in newborn rats. AB - The carcinogenic effect of N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (BHP) was studied in newborn Wistar rats. Tumors were induced in the lung (adenoma), pancreas (adenoma), kidney (nephroblastoma), and ovary (benign granulosa cell tumor) at 24 weeks after the treatment and in the lung (adenoma and adenocarcinoma), liver (hemangioma, hemangioendothelioma, and hepatocellular carcinoma), pancreas (adenoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma and nephroblastoma), thyroid (adenocarcinoma) and ovary (benign and malignant granulosa cell tumors) at 52 weeks. The highest incidence of tumor was seen in the liver of rats applied BHP within 24 hours after birth. These results indicate that newborn Wistar rats are more susceptible to BHP than are adult rats. PMID- 7379906 TI - Structure and toxicity of the alkaloids of Russian comfrey (symphytum x uplandicum Nyman), a medicinal herb and item of human diet. AB - Eight pyrrolizidine alkaloids of hepatotoxic type have been indentified in leaves of Symphytum X uplandicum. The combined alkaloids exhibit chronic hepatotoxicity in rats. PMID- 7379907 TI - Action spectra for bilirubin photodisappearance. AB - The excitation wavelength dependence of bilirubin photodestruction, as measured by quantum yields, has been determined in benzene, chloroform-1% ethanol, chloroform-1% hexane, methanol-1% concentrated ammonia, pH 8.5 aqueous buffer and pH 7.4 aqueous buffer with added albumin. The results show that in the visible spectrum the 370-490 nm excitation wavelength region is very effective in the photodestruction, but excitation in the UV-region (lambda less than 320 nm) is even more effective. PMID- 7379908 TI - Biochemical changes in mango after infection with Rhizoctonia bataticola. AB - Rhizoctonia bataticola is responsible for the spoilage of mango fruits (Mangifera india) during post-harvest preservation and storage. Culture of R. bataticola exhibited significant pectinase and cellulase activity. In Rhizoctonia-infected fruits an increase of protease and cellulase activity, and a decrease in certain enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, were observed in comparison to healthy fruits. PMID- 7379911 TI - Uptake of NO2 by plants grown at different salinity levels. AB - It is demonstrated that the uptake of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) by Phaseolus vulgaris L. is decreased by the addition of sodium chloride (NaCl) to the root medium, as a result of increased diffusive resistance of the leaves. The NO2 uptake rate constant measured kinetically was in agreement with the nitrite content of the leaves after the fumigation. PMID- 7379909 TI - Simple estimation of blood content in bone homogenates for the determination of the real amount of drugs in bone tissue. AB - The content of blood in bone homogenates can be determined quantitatively by estimation of the haemin in the homogenate and in a sample of peripheral blood taken at the same time. Haem is completely split from the haemoglobin molecule by reaction with hydrochloric acid-acetone and converted to haemin, which can be analyzed spectrophotometrically. The blood content can be calculated from the amount of haemin in the homogenate in relation to that of the peripheral blood. This method is useful to determine the real amount of drugs in bone tissue. PMID- 7379910 TI - Inhibition of Dugesia tigrina auricle regeneration by inhibitors of polyamine synthesis. AB - Results are presented that indicate polyamine synthesis inhibitors increase the flatworm Dugesia tigrina's auricle regeneration time. This study serves as evidence that endogenous putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are necessary for the flatworm regeneration process. PMID- 7379913 TI - Is tubulin involved in the electrically-induced mechanical activity of the isolated rat sciatic nerve? AB - The electrically-induced mechanical activity of isolated segments of rat sciatic nerves remains unaffected following incubation with 10(-4) M colchicine, vinblastine or melatonin. Vinblastine depressed tubulin levels in incubated nerves. These results suggest that microtubules are not involved in nerve mechanical activity in vitro. PMID- 7379912 TI - Nosiheptide, a sulfur-containing peptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces actuosus 40037. AB - Nosiheptide (9671 R.P.) isolated from Streptomyces actuosus 40037 (NRRL 2954) is a sulfur-containing polypeptidic antibiotic, quite different from all the other members of this family. Very active in vitro against gram-positive bacteria, it is inactive in vivo in experimentally infected mice. Not toxic, even at high dose, it may be used as a feed additive for chickens and pigs and it shows a favourable effect on the growth and conversion index. PMID- 7379914 TI - Baroreceptor reflex sensitivity after acute blood volume expansion in anesthetized dogs. AB - Changes in heart rate resulting from mechanically induced changes in arterial blood pressure were used as a measure of baroreflex sensitivity. This sensitivity was shown to be decreased after volume expansion. PMID- 7379915 TI - The effect of caerulein on epithelial growth in the mouse gall bladder. AB - Caerulein, a synthetic decapeptide, was injected into mice in order to study its effect on DNA-synthesis activity in the gall bladder epithelium. Histoautoradiography after the injection of labeled thymidine was used. Higher labeling indices were observed at 8, 12, 12 and 24 h after caerulein injection. These data indicate that caerulein, apart from its cholecystokinetic effects, exerts a trophic effect on the gall bladder mucosa. PMID- 7379917 TI - Supersensitivity after intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine: relation to dopamine depletion. AB - 6-Hydroxydopamine increased behavioral response to L-DOPA in proportion to the decrease of dopamine (DA) and DA utake in rat striatum. The increase response to apomorphine, however, only occurred after greater than 80% DA loss. Thus, 6 hydroxydopamine may induce postsynaptic changes only following large lesions. PMID- 7379916 TI - Biological activity of the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin, of three of its analogues and of caerulein in the dog. AB - Dose-response curves of the C-terminal octapeptide (CCK-8) of cholecystokinin, of 3 of its methoxinine analogues, and of caerulein for various variables of exocrine pancreatic secretion have been established in conscious dogs. The following relative potencies were calculated for the protein secretion activity of CCK-8 (100%), [Mox3]-CCK-8 (52%), [Mox6]-CCK-8 (27%), [Mox3,Mox6]-CCK-8 (19%) and caerulein (178%). PMID- 7379918 TI - Effect of lipid soluble antioxidants on cytotoxicity induced by photochemical products of cholesterol. AB - Lipid soluble antioxidants, butylated hydroxytoluene and vitamin E, were shown to suppress cytotoxicity induced by cholesterol-derived photoproducts in Chinese hamster embryo cells. These cholesterol-derived photoproducts were rather toxic. PMID- 7379919 TI - Dexamethasone protection against the acute lethality of ethanol in mice. AB - The administration of dexamethasone (DXM, 2.00 mg/kg) 1 h prior to the injection of lethal doses of ethanol was found to offer complete protection against ethanol toxicity at doses up to 5.25 g/kg and partial protection using higher doses. It is suggested that DXM central action might be involved in the protection against ehanol toxicity. PMID- 7379921 TI - Radiation protection of pronormoblasts and normoblasts by 2 mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG). AB - The pronormoblasts and normoblasts in Swiss albino mice were found to be very sensitive to radiation and their percentage was reduced drastically after exposure to gamma-rays. The degree of damage increased with increase in radiation dose. MPG reduced the initial damage and brought about an early and fast recovery. It is concluded that the drug protects the stem cells and thereby reduces the depletion of the regenerating pool which causes a more efficient and accelerated recovery. PMID- 7379920 TI - N''-cyano-N-4-pyridyl-N'-1,2,2-trimethylpropylguanidine, monohydrate (P 1134): a new, potent vasodilator. AB - N''-cyano-N-4-pyridyl-N'-1,2,2-trimethylpropylguanidine, monohydrate (P 1134) is a new agent which induces a marked and sustained hypotensive response in normotensive and renal, neurogenic, and spontaneously hypertensive rats, as well as in normotensive and renal hypertensive dogs. The overall potency of this compound is 2-3 times greater than that of hydralazine. The fall of blood pressure is accompanied by an increase in heart rate and cardiac output and a decrease in total peripheral resistance. The hypotensive effect appears to be due primarily to a direct relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 7379922 TI - Dopamine agonist performance in Planaria after manganese treatment. AB - Using Planaria motor performance as model, the authors confirm that Mn++ basically inhibits dopaminergic release with transitory hyper-release. PMID- 7379924 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of cells from hydroxyurea-arrested blastulae of Xenopus laevis. AB - Cells from Xenopus embryos blocked at the blastula stage by treatment with hydroxyurea have been isolated and cultured in vitro. The morphology of these cells has been compared with that of cells from normal embryos using scanning electron microscopy. Cells from such hydroxyurea-blocked embryos do not show the features, or changes in features, in culture shown by cells from normal embryos. PMID- 7379923 TI - A combined histochemical and autoradiographic study of the distribution and maturation of peritoneal mast cells in the rat. AB - The relationship of mitotic activity and degree of cytological differentiation for mast cells of the peritoneal cavity of the rat was studied using combined autoradiographic and histochemical techniques. A mitotic pool of mast cells can be differentiated from a non-mitotic pool, the former containing cells with immature cytoplasmic differentiation and the latter with fully developed cytoplasmic histochemical properties. PMID- 7379925 TI - Erythropoietic effects of PGE2 and 2 endoperoxide analogs. AB - The erythropoietic effects in exhypoxic polycythemic mice of two endoperoxide and analogs were assessed and compared with PGE2. The 9 alpha, 11 alpha epoxymethano analog (U-44069) was found to be a much more potent erythropoietic stimulus than the 11 alpha, 9 alpha analog (U-46619) or PGE2. PMID- 7379926 TI - Haemopoietic stem cell concentration and CFUs in DNA synthesis in bone marrow from different bone regions. AB - The concentration of colony-forming cells (CFUs) is about 40% less in sternal marrow than in the marrow of lumbar vertebrae and femora. Marrow of trabecular bones in lumbar vertebrae contains fewer mitotically active CFUs than marrow of trabecular bones in the femoral distal epiphysis and metaphysis, or the peripheral marrow near the cortical bone in the femoral diaphysis. Only a minor part of the variability of the results in the CFU-assay is due to differences in CUF-concentrations between individual donor mice; pooling of the cell suspensions does not substantially decrease variability. Specific pathogen-free mice yield the same results as BALB/c mice from conventional breeding. PMID- 7379927 TI - Neuroleptic-induced prolactin rise: influence of pharmacological alterations of different neurotransmitter system. AB - Oral administration of 2 neuroleptic drugs, haloperidol and LR511 induced in male rats a marked, dose-dependent and sustained rise of plasma prolactin. PMID- 7379928 TI - Chemotaxis of human neutrophils against gravity: a new method. AB - A new method is described in which human neutrophils were made to migrate upward and against gravity. Thus, the possible effect of gravity on cell migration and consequent detachment of cell after migration have been eliminated. PMID- 7379929 TI - Antimicrobial chemotherapy - a clinician's viewpoint. PMID- 7379930 TI - Processes in cell culture:introduction. PMID- 7379931 TI - Substrate topography and shape of motile cells. PMID- 7379932 TI - Malignant and nonmalignant cells: structural similarities and behavioural differences. PMID- 7379933 TI - Morphogenetic reactions of cultured cells. PMID- 7379935 TI - Inhibition of sterol biosynthesis by 14 alpha-hydroxy-delta 7-sterols. AB - 5 alpha-Cholest-7-en-3 beta, 14 alpha-diol and 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-14 alpha-ol-3 one have been found to be potent inhibitors of the synthesis of digitonin precipitable sterols in L cells in culture and to reduce the levels of HMG-CoA reductase activity in these cells. PMID- 7379934 TI - Microbiological transformations of beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol by a soil pseudomonad. AB - Fermentation of beta-sitosterol by a soil pseudomonad resulted in the formation of 4-stigmasten-3-one, 4-stigmasten-3-one-6 beta-ol and 5-stigmasten-3 beta, 7 alpha-diol. In case of stigmasterol the metabolites isolated and characterized were 4,22-stigmastadien-3-one, 4,22-stigmastadien-3-one-6 beta-ol and 5,22 stigmastadien-3 beta, 7 alpha-diol. PMID- 7379936 TI - Intestinal degradation and absorption of the glycosidic sweeteners stevioside and rebaudioside A. AB - Contrary to prior indications, the glycosidic sweeteners stevioside and rebaudioside A are degraded to the diterpenoid aglycone steviol by rat intestinal microflora in vitro. Additional studies with steviol-17-[14C] show almost total absorption from the rat lower bowel following intracecal administration. PMID- 7379937 TI - Osmotic fragility and lipid peroxidation of irradiated erythrocytes in the presence of radioprotectors. AB - Gamma radiation causes a decrease in the osmotic fragility of porcine erythrocytes and induces peroxidation of membrane lipids, as reflected by an increase in malondialdehyde content. With respect to osmotic fragility all the protectors used have the radioprotective effect. Malondialdehyde content was reduced in the presence of catalase, cysteine and glutathione, whereas SOD had no protective effect. PMID- 7379938 TI - Purification and partial characterization of two lectins from Momordica charantia. AB - 2 different lectins have been purified from the seeds of Momordica charantia by gel-filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. These 2 lectins appear to be composed of 2 subunits of 26,000 daltons. Protein fraction I, but not II, showed agglutinating activity toward human type-O red blood cells. The amino acid compositions and amino-terminal sequences of these two homologous proteins are quite different. PMID- 7379939 TI - Ethanol and liver protein synthesis in vivo. AB - Ethanol was administered i.p. to adult roosters during hormonally induced vitellogenin synthesis. At moderate doses, ethanol had no influence on the synthesis of vitellogenin nor did it cause alterations in the size distribution of liver polyribosomes. PMID- 7379941 TI - Agmatine iminohydrolase activity during development and germination of groundnut seeds. AB - During the development of groundnut seeds agmatine iminohydrolase activity increased in the cotyledons but remained constant in the embryo. In seeds stored for 1 year, decreased activity of the enzyme was found in both cotyledons and embryo. During germination, the enzyme activity increased in the cotyledons, but in the embryo it increased up to day 3 and then decreased to the initial level. PMID- 7379940 TI - Energetics of myo-inositol transport in Pseudomonas putida. AB - The effects of specific inhibitors on the high-affinity transport system of cyclitols and on the respiration of Pseudomonas putida shows that the transport activity is dependent on high energy phosphate bond. PMID- 7379942 TI - Solubilization of human red cell membranes by lysolecithins of various chain lengths. AB - Red cells and membranes prepared from them were treated with graded amounts of palmitoyl, myristoyl and lauroyl lysolecithins. There was no release of phospholipids from the intact red cells in the absence of hemolysis. The solubilization pattern of lipid and protein from the red cell membranes by lysolecithins varies with their chain length. PMID- 7379943 TI - Active site structural change of alpha-chymotrypsin due to 2-halogeno-ethanols; comparison with ethanol, I-propanol, and urea. AB - 2-Halogeno-ethanols change the active site structure of alpha-chymotrypsin more rapidly and effectively than ethanol, 1-propanol and urea, probably before producing an extensive conformation change. PMID- 7379944 TI - 2-Halogeno-ethanols as an uncoupler of phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria. AB - 2-Chloroethanol, 2-bromoethanol and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol at a concentration of 0.79 vol.% stimulated state 4 respiration and released oligomycin inhibition of state 3 respiration. 2-Fluoroethanol and 1-propanol at the same concentration did not affect the respiration. PMID- 7379945 TI - The relations between G-6-PD deficiency, thalassemia and malaria. Further analysis of data from Sardinia and the Po Valley. AB - Discriminant analysis carried out on a set of environmental and sociocultural variables in the Sardinian population suggests that G-6-PD deficiency and thalassemia move along 2 dimensions partially independent of each other. Partial correlation analysis also suggests that malaria, by itself, may exert opposite effects on thalassemia and G-6-PD selection. The present results support the hypothesis that thalassemia may be the primary genetic factor selected by malaria, whereas G-6-PD selection may be a secondary adaptation phenomenon strongly dependent on other genetic and environmental variables. PMID- 7379946 TI - ABO aggulutinins from Biomphalari straminea snails. AB - Extracts from B. straminea spawn are active against A and B normal red cells. A1 and A2 subgroups may be differentiated with trypsin-, papain- and pronase-treated cells. 0 cells treated with papain, pronase and neuraminidase react weakly to the extracts. PMID- 7379947 TI - Agglutinins and hemolysins from Biomphalaria tenagophila snails. AB - A saline anti-A and incomplete anti-A,B agglutinin were found in spawn extracts of Biomphalaria tenagophila snails. Significance differences after papain and pronase treatments were also found for A1 and A2 subgroups. The hemolysin titers are high, and unspecific. PMID- 7379948 TI - The chromosome banding patterns of the aardvark Orycteropus afer (Tubulidentata, Oryceteropidae). AB - C- and G-banding patterns of Orycteropus afer are described on the basis of fibroblast cultures obtained from a female individual. PMID- 7379949 TI - The effect of two new peptide antibiotics, the hypelcins, on mitochondrial function. AB - The action on mitochondria of 3 peptide antibiotics, hypelcin-A, hypelcin-B, and alamethicin, was examined. The results showed that they are unique uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, with the same mechanism of action. PMID- 7379950 TI - Effects of intracellular or extracelluar application of tetraethylammonium on the action potential in cultured chick embryonic heart muscle cell. AB - The effects of tetraethylammonium (TEA) on the action potential in cultured chick embryonic heart muscle cells were investigated. The onset of prolongation of the action potential occurred within 10 min following intracellular iontophoretic application of TEA, but after more than 50 min following extracellular application. These facts suggest the major site of action of TEA is on the inner surface of the membrane these cells. PMID- 7379951 TI - Higher oxygen affinity of sheep Hb C compared to Hb A and Hb B. AB - Sheep which have Hb A, synthesize the perinatal Hb C in response to severe tissue hypoxia. It is known that Hb A displays a higher oxygen affinity than Hb B. The results of this study indicate that Hb C exhibits an oxygen affinity and a Bohr effect higher than those of Hb A and Hb B. PMID- 7379952 TI - Improved response to heat after moderate physical training in man. AB - 7 young men marched for 6 days (35 km daily) in a cool climate at about 35% of their VO2max. Sweat output was measured at rest in a climatic chamber during a controlled hyperthemia test performed before and after the trial. 4 subjects served as controls. The main finding of the study was that sweat output increased 17.3% +/- 1.5 SEM on the post-trial test, without any change in VO2max. It is concluded that moderate physical training can improve heat responses in resting man. PMID- 7379954 TI - Pressure-induced variations of K+-permeability as related to a possible reversible electrical breakdown in human erythrocytes. AB - Above a hydrostatic pressure of about 600 b a pronounced reversible increase in the net K+-efflux from human erythrocytes is observed. The effect is explained in terms of an electro-mechanical compression of the membrane, resulting in a reversible breakdown of the membrane. PMID- 7379953 TI - Alfalfa seeds: effects on cholesterol metabolism. AB - Plasma cholesterol concentrations were reduced in 3 human volunteers during ingestion of diets containing alfalfa seeds (AS) for 3 weeks. No signs of toxicity were detected through serum determinations of multiple parameters. The ingestion of AS in rats decreased the concentration of plasma cholesterol, reduced intestinal absorption of exogenous and endogenous cholesterol, and increased fecal biliary excretion. PMID- 7379955 TI - Total replacement of blood by an emulsion of fluorocarbon in the rat--water extravasation as a cause of failure. AB - After exchange transfusion by an emulsion of fluorocarbons (Fluosol 43) in rats, an increase in fluorocarbons and 131I-labelled albumin was observed. These changes suggest a transfer of water from vascular to interstitial space possibly owing to the inability of the emulsion to reproduce the oncotic pressure of normal blood. PMID- 7379957 TI - D(-)Lactic acid--a physiological isomer in the rat. AB - D(-)Lactate is produced in significant amounts together with L(+)lactate in the stomach of normal experimental rats. It is absorbed into the blood and constitutes a physiological isomer in this animal species. PMID- 7379956 TI - The effects of triaminopyrimidine on the short circuit current and transmembrane potentials of the isolated rat visceral yolk sac in vitro. AB - Intracellular potentials in the cells from 17.5-day old rat visceral yolk sacs were measured by a glass microelectrode. When penetrated from the maternal side, the cells have potentials of about 50.2 +/- 1.9 mV (inside negative) which were reduced by increasing the external K+ concentration and increased by removing Na+ ions from the bathing fluid. Triaminopyrimidine (TAP) which inhibited Na+ transport caused a dose-dependent depolarization of the cell membrane. The depolarization was dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+ ions. It is proposed that TAP may inhibit Na+ transport by increasing the intracellular concentration of calcium ions. PMID- 7379958 TI - Voltage clamp method on single cardiac cells from adult rat heart. AB - Voltage clamp experiments on isolated cardiac cells from adult rat hearts were carried out using an intracellular dialysis method. The fast inward current was recorded. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) at a concentration of 2.5 x 10(-7) g/ml blocked this current to 30% of its initial value. Inward maximal fast current density was calculated to be 0.14--0.7 mA/cm2. PMID- 7379959 TI - Cone myoid elongation and rod myoid contraction are inhibited by colchicine in the trout retina. AB - Retinal photoreceptors of lower vertebrates undergo photomechanical changes (elongation or shortening) in response to light or dark. Colchicine, a microtubule-disrupting drug, blocks cone, but not rod elongation. Instead, rod shortening is blocked by this drug, thus suggesting that different mechanisms mediating these responses are involved in rods and cones. PMID- 7379962 TI - Motility and vitality of human spermatozoa at various time intervals after ejaculation. AB - Motility and vitality of spermatozoa from semen differing in sperm density were assessed at various intervals after ejaculation. Percentile decreases in both parameters were found to be higher in oligospermic specimens than in those with higher sperm densities. PMID- 7379961 TI - Dopamine and cerebral cortical blood flow in the rat. AB - Dopamine topically applied to the cerebral cortex (1--20 micrograms/ml) or administered i.v. (0.5--64 micrograms/kg/min) has no effects on cerebral cortical blood flow in the rat. PMID- 7379960 TI - Sound-stimulated 14C-glutamate release from the nucleus cochlearis. AB - The exogenous release of glutamate has been successfully studied in the cochlear nucleus of guinea-pigs after physiological sound stimulation of the ear (frequency 2000--20,000 Hz at 100 dBA). PMID- 7379964 TI - Naltrexone influence on hibernation. AB - In the garden dormouse, opiate receptor blockade by naltrexone decreased the score for sleeping behaviour during hibernation at 24.00 h, indicative of a possible involvement of endorphins in the control of hibernation. PMID- 7379963 TI - Spontaneous reversal of ethinyl estradiol-induced cholestasis in the rat. AB - The spontaneous reversal ethinyl estradiol-induced cholestasis has been documented 7 days after the last estrogen administration in the rat. This finding supports the hypothesis that estrogens produce only a transient functional failure of the hepatocytic structures responsible for bile secretion. PMID- 7379965 TI - Action of histamine on phasic and tonic components of vascular smooth muscle contraction. AB - The isometric contractile response of rabbit aortic strips in response to histamine was studied. Biphasic dose-dependent contractions reflecting release of internal Ca2+ (phasic component) and simultaneous mobilization of external Ca2+ stores (tonic component) were produced. PMID- 7379966 TI - Cytoplasmic 14C-labeled arginine basic proteins of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. AB - With the use of 14C-arginine it is shown that among soluble cytoplasmic proteins of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells there appear basic proteins rich in arginine with the content of amino acid higher than 14%. The amount of these proteins is about 10%. The role of arginine-rich basic proteins in the cytoplasma is briefly discussed. PMID- 7379967 TI - Compartmentalized growth of hemopoietic stem cells within mouse Friend leukemic spleens. AB - A dose of 4000 rads (r) to the central portion of mouse spleens followed by Friend erythroleukemic virus infection created independent compartments where hemopoietic stem cells exhibited distinct growth kinetics. Rather than suggesting autonomous proliferation, the stem cell kinetics were indicative of the control exercised by the local microenvironment upon stem cell growth within each compartment. PMID- 7379968 TI - Secretory phenomenon of the adenohypophyseal cells viewed with the scanning electron microscope. AB - Exocytosis from rat adenohypophyseal cells, probably somatotrophic, was studied in the scanning electron microscope after freeze fracturation of the glands. This technique permitted the distinguishing of a clearly delimited exoplasm interrupted by the passage of the secretory granules. It was postulated that the exoplasm could be involved in the control of the release of secretory granules in the endocrine cells studied. At the basal cell surface a simultaneous discharge of several secretory granules has been detected. PMID- 7379971 TI - Cellular events in denervated limb stumps of Ambystoma larvae during re innervation and subsequent regeneration. AB - Amputated, denervated Ambystoma forelimbs undergo cellular dedifferentiation and slight resorption through 12 days post-amputation. Subsequently, as limb stumps become re-innervated, there occur mitosis, blastema formation, and regeneration. The initial increase in the mitotic index in once-denervated limb stumps is closely correlated with the presence of ingrowing nerve fibres. PMID- 7379970 TI - Isolation of biologically active alkaloids from Korean mistletoe Viscum album, coloratum. AB - Anticancer activity of certain highly cytotoxic alkaloids present in Korean mistletoe has been demonstrated in experimental animals. Unlike European mistletoe, no cytotoxic proteins were found in the Korean mistletoe. PMID- 7379969 TI - Binding of [3H]GABA and [3H]muscimol to subcellular particles of a neurone enriched culture of mouse brain. AB - Binding of [3H]GABA and [3H]muscimol, indicative of GABA-receptors, has been demonstrated in a neurone-enriched culture of embryonic mouse brain using a ligand-binding technique. Evidence is provided for the existence of different populations of GABA-receptors. PMID- 7379972 TI - Enhancement of humoral immune response against human lung elastin peptides. AB - When guinea pigs instead of rabbits were used as the host animals, 8--16 times higher antibody titers against human lung elastin peptides were produced with only 1/20 the amount of antigen per unit body weight. This corresponds to a 200 fold enhancement of the immune response. PMID- 7379973 TI - Comparison of intradermal pigeon crop-sac bioassay and double antibody radioimmunoassay for rat prolactin. AB - On an absolute basis, the intradermal pigeon crop-sac bioassay (PCA) gave results that were 20.5% higher than the radioimmunoassay (RIA) in rat anterior pituitary (AP) preparations. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.87) was obtained between RIA (in microgram) and PCA (in Reece-Turner units) when 58 medium samples obtained by culturing rat APs in vitro were assayed for prolactin (PRL) content. PMID- 7379975 TI - Intracellular distribution of estrogen receptors: a function of preparation. AB - The intracellular distribution of unbound estrogen receptor was estimated using nonaqueous and aqueous isolation of nuclei and autoradiography. The estimated amount of nuclear receptor varied greatly with the procedure used and thus caution is urged in approximating the in vivo intracellular distribution of receptors. PMID- 7379974 TI - In vitro conversion of steroid hormones in bovine ovarian follicles. AB - In bovine ovarian follicles in vitro conversion of androstenedione and oestrone into oestradiol-17 beta, and of oestradiol-17 beta into oestrone was observed. There was no in vitro conversion of pregnenolone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone. PMID- 7379976 TI - A simple device for measuring nanolitre volumes of fluid. AB - A piece of apparatus designed to measure nl-volumes of fluid has been constructed to fit into a Leitz micromanipular so that the small sample volumes can easily be transferred. PMID- 7379977 TI - An improved vacuum collector for fungal spores. AB - An all-glass improved vaccum collector for fungal spores is described and its merits mentioned. The description of the required components is also given. This vacuum collector combines the merits of smaller dimension and greater efficiency by accommodating Conway Diffusion cells in the spore receiving vessel. PMID- 7379978 TI - Relationship between low intensity shear stress, aortic histamine formation, and aortic albumin uptake. PMID- 7379980 TI - Hepatotoxicity of D-galactosamine in the isolated perfused rat liver. PMID- 7379979 TI - Citrinin nephrotoxicity in rats: a light and electron microscopic study. PMID- 7379981 TI - The effect of local blood flow patterns on endothelial cell morphology. PMID- 7379982 TI - Cytochemistry of type II pneumocytes in Chediak-Higashi syndrome of mice. PMID- 7379983 TI - The cultured fetal mouse heart as a model for studying myocardial ischemic necrosis. PMID- 7379984 TI - [Toxicological properties of fentirin]. AB - Phentyrin toxicity depends to a large measure on the route of its administration. Adequately toxic doses of phentyrin intravenously are approximately ten times as less compared to peroral administration. High doses of the drug produce appetite loss, occasional vomiting, salivation, diarrhea, flabbiness and weight loss. ECG shows slow pulse, reduced voltage and changes in T wave. At early periods the animals' death ensues with phenomena of emaciation, a delayed death can be recorded only in some cases. Morbid anatomy shows atrophic changes in the lymphatic nodes, in the spleen, thyroid, in the gastrointestinal mucosa, and changes in the liver and kidneys. Phentyrin in tolerated doses exerts no adverse action on stem cells of bone marrow, but affects spleen cells. The drug alters the weight of some endocrine organs -- the thyroid, uterus and adrenals. PMID- 7379986 TI - [Change in the electrodermal resistance at biologically active points as an index of the functional state of the body in animals]. AB - Variations in electrodermal resistance (EDR) at biologically active points were recorded in rat experiments during administration of neurotropic agents. Morphine and aminazine raised while corasole diminished EDR at these points. Variations in EDR at the biologically active points can be regarded as an index of the function of the animal central nervous system. PMID- 7379987 TI - [Visual discrimination characteristics under the action of psychostimulants]. AB - It was shown in cats by the method of conditioned defensive reflexes that phenamine (0.5 mg/kg), sydnocarb (3 mg/kg) and katinon (1 mg/kg) accelerate realization of the conditioned defensive reflex, but abolish the differentiation of visual stimuli. While producing a similar effect, cocolen (1 mg/kg) does not abolish the differentiation of visual stimuli. PMID- 7379985 TI - [Toxicity and radioprotective properties of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine and 3,6 dihydropyrimidine derivatives]. AB - Acute toxicity and radioprotective properties of 16 derivatives of tetrahydro- and dihydropyrimidines were studied in experiments on mice. Hydroiodides of 4,6,6 trimethyl-3,R-2-methylthio-3,6-dihydropyrimidines were shown to be more toxic than respective hydroiodides of 4,6,6-trimethyl-3-R-2-methylthio-4-oxy-3,4,5,6 tetrahydropyrimidines. Four compounds exhibited moderate radioprotective properties. PMID- 7379988 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the protective action of nalorphine and pentazocine in acute morphine and promedol poisoning]. AB - It was shown in experiments on white rats that the intensity of the antitoxic action of nalorphine (0.57 mg/kg) and pentazocin (3 mg/kg) is related to the chemical structure of a narcotic analgetic agent. This action is more clearly manifested during poisoning induced by the phenylpiperidine derivative promedol (LD50 33.33 mg/kg). Nalorphine increases LD50 of promedol and corrects of metabolic disturbances produced by promedol. Pentazocin does not compare favourably to nalorphine since it mostly acts as a stimulant of external respiration. PMID- 7379989 TI - [Fluorothane pharmaco kinetics in brain structures and the permeability of the hemato-encephalic barrier in postnatal ontogeny]. AB - Distribution of ftorotan in the brain structures (hemispheres, thalamus, cerebellum, limbic structures) and blood, and permeability of the blood brain barrier of the listed brain structures were studied by gas chromatography in postnatal ontogenesis (7, 17, 30, 60 and 90 days) of white rats during three stages of anesthesia -- initial, "surgical" and final ones. It has been established that the histohematic barrier is most permeable prior to 17-day age; the blood brain barrier is the least permeable in 7- and 17-day-old animals. Sorption of the brain tissue increases after 17 days and reaches maximum by day 90 of the postnatal development. PMID- 7379990 TI - [Effect of antihypertensive compounds on the hypothalamic regulation of baroreceptor reflexes]. AB - In experiments on cats the effect of neurotropic drugs on the baroreceptor reflexes changes produced by stimulation of the hypothalamus was investigated. It is shown that diazepam, pentobarbital and oxylidin decrease vasomotor responses under hypothalamic stimulation not only because of the depression of the descending activation of the spinal cord vasomotor neurones processes, but also as a result of suppression of the baroreceptor reflexes hypothalamic regulation. Clonidine and dopegyt had no influence on the baroreflexes hypothalamic regulation. PMID- 7379991 TI - [Effect of prostaglandins E, A1 and F2 alpha on local brain blood circulation in non-narcotized animals]. AB - The effect of prostaglandins (PG) E1, A1, and F2 alpha on the systemic arterial blood pressure, local brain circulation, vascular resistance and oxygen tension in the motor region of the cortex, reticular formation and ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus was studied in experiments on non-narcotizied rabbits. Intravenous administration of PGE1 (10 microgram/kg/min); PGA1 (50 microgram/kg/min) and PGF2 alpha (50 microgram/kg/min) produced systemic hypotension accompanied by reduction of the local brain blood flow, vascular resistance and oxygen tension in the cortex and subcortical structures. The most pronounced changes in the systemic arterial blood pressure and local brain blood flow were recorded after PGE1 administration, these changes being less marked after PGA1 and PGF2 alpha injections. PMID- 7379992 TI - [Effect of novocainamide on the course of experimental myocardial infarct with arrhythmias in rabbits]. AB - Application of novocainamid in experimental myocardial infarction (EMI) in rabbits exerted a favourable effect on the heart excitability and conduction, preventing arrhythmias during the first experimental day. An immediate antiarrhythmic effect was observed in two rabbits with EMI complicated in one case by atrial fibrillation combined with ventricular extrasystole, and by the blockade of the left limb of His' bundle in the other one. At the same time an adverse effect elicited by novocainamide was recorded. PMID- 7379993 TI - [Sigetin treatment of the developmental disorders induced in rabbit prenatal ontogeny by curtailment of the uteroplacental blood circulation]. AB - About 40 per cent of the uterine preplacental vessels were ligated in rabbits on the 11th or 18th days of gestation. Some of the female rabbits operated upon were given 5 mg of intravenous sigetin twice a day till the end of pregnancy. Investigation of the progeny development, the ability of learning at an age of about 6 months, in particular, showed a somewhat better development and ability of learning in the offsprings of female rabbits receiving sigetin. PMID- 7379995 TI - [Relationship between the chemical structure and diuretic action in a number of acyl phenothiazine derivatives]. PMID- 7379994 TI - [Effect of verapamil (isoptin) on kidney function]. AB - In experiments on conscious dogs intravenous administration of verapamil (3-4 mg/kg) reduced diuresis, natriuresis and glomerular filtration. After that the filtration returned to normal and diuresis and natriuresis increased. Following infusion into the renal artery verapamil enhanced diuresis and natriuresis because of the inhibition of tubular reabsorption. In rats verapamil (5-10 mg/kg) also induced a rise in diuresis and sodium excretion, but water diuresis is reduced at first. PMID- 7379996 TI - [Cholestyramine activating effect on lipoprotein biosynthesis in the rat liver]. AB - The cholestyramine effect on the biosynthesis of lipids and lipoproteins in the rat liver was investigated in order to elucidate the mechanisms of serum triglyceride concentration increase. Cholestyramine feeding produces an increase in the biosynthesis of neutral lipids by the liver and a considerable rise in specific radioactivity of serum free cholesterol and triglycerides. Cholestyramine intensifies the biosynthesis of apoproteins of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), formation of lipoproteins and their secretion into the blood. Increased secretion of newly synthesized VLDL, the major component of which are triglycerides, leads to hypertriglyceridemia. PMID- 7379998 TI - [Steroid and nonsteroid postcoital contraceptives]. AB - It has been shown experimentally that a combined use of estrogen-norsteroids prostaglandins and neurotropic substances during preimplantation period produces the most potent contraceptive effect. Analysis of the action mode of combined small doses of steroids, prostaglandins and neurotropic drugs suggests that the contraceptive action is underlain by the inhibitory effect on incretion produced by the luteinizing hormone, this effect being in its turn a reason for variation in the amount and condition of the developing fetuses. PMID- 7379997 TI - [Effect of decamethoxin, decamine and levorin on the carbohydrate-protein component content in the liver connective tissue of white rats]. AB - It has been shown in rat experiments that decamethoxin increases the level of acid glycosaminoglycans, glyco- and mucoproteins, whereas decamin lowers the content of total glycoproteids at the expense of changes in the content of glyco- and mucoproteins. Levorin has been demonstrated to bring down the content of total glycoproteins and oxyproline in the liver. PMID- 7379999 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the treatment of radiation skin injuries with oxycort ointment and Peruvian balsam]. AB - The regenerating action of Peruvian balm and oxycort was compared in experiments on rats with experimental radiation skin injuries. Radiation skin ulcers entailed severe morphological and biochemical abnormalities, there was also observed an unstable healing provided the treatment was not applied. Oxycort ointment slightly reduced the period of healing. However, formation of secondary microdefects was conducive to recurrent ulcer in the future. Peruvian balm exerted a pronounced bactericidal action, strongly intensified the reparative processes, and, therefore, reduced the period of healing and favoured the differentiation of the cicatricial tissues that led to a stable healing of the ulcers. PMID- 7380000 TI - Corticosterone binding globulin: an acute phase "negative" protein in the rat. PMID- 7380001 TI - A glycolipid containing hopane isolated from the acidophilic, thermophilic Bacillus acidocaldarius, has a cholesterol-like function in membranes. PMID- 7380003 TI - Possible relationship between tissue level of long chain acyl-CoA and the ability of the overloaded myocardium to oxidize an excess of reduced pyridine nucleotide. PMID- 7380004 TI - A non-invasive method to study metabolic events within sublobular regions of hemoglobin-free perfused liver. PMID- 7380005 TI - Molecular size of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of rat brain. PMID- 7380002 TI - Thermodynamic interaction parameters of a reactive enzyme ternary complex: glutamate dehydrogenase--NADPH--alpha-ketoglutarate. PMID- 7380007 TI - Routes of fucoproteins in plasma membrane domains. PMID- 7380009 TI - The application of 500-MHz H-NMR spectroscopy for the structure elucidation of N acetyllactosamine type asparagine-bound carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins. PMID- 7380008 TI - Existence of two forms of bathorhodopsins. PMID- 7380006 TI - Glycoprotein fucosyl transferase in the endoplasmic reticulum of castor bean endosperm cells. PMID- 7380010 TI - A model for the organization of the poly(A) . protein complex in messenger ribonucleoprotein. PMID- 7380011 TI - Metabolism of aromatic amino acids by the rat heart and diaphragm. PMID- 7380013 TI - Conformation of a synthetic 34-residue polypeptide that interacts with nucleic acids. PMID- 7380012 TI - Thermal fluctuations of large amplitude in the tertiary structure of methemoglobin. PMID- 7380016 TI - Light and intermediate molecular forms of yeast invertase as precursors of the heavy enzyme. PMID- 7380015 TI - Human blood group A-positive and -negative strains of rat. Chemical basis as shown by fucolipids of small intestine. PMID- 7380014 TI - Effect of sterols on diphenylhexatriene fluorescence in lecithin vesicles. PMID- 7380018 TI - Polarized light absorption spectra of single crystals of aspartate transaminase from chicken heart cytosol. PMID- 7380017 TI - Electron exchange between the enzyme active center and organic metal. PMID- 7380019 TI - Albumin mediates lysis of erythrocytes by bee venom phospholipase A2 activated with oleoyl imidazolide. PMID- 7380022 TI - Supply and demand of manpower in experimental biology. PMID- 7380021 TI - The National Science Foundation: prospects for the future. Transcript of presentations and responses to questions at the annual meeting Public Affairs Symposium, Anaheim, California, April 14, 1980. PMID- 7380025 TI - Rhythmogenesis in the sympathetic nervous system. AB - This paper reviews work performed in our laboratory on the origin of the 2--6 cycles per second (c/s) rhythm in the discharges of preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic nerves of the cat. It was demonstrated that the 2--6 c/s rhythm does not result as the simple consequence of the baroreceptor reflexes. Furthermore, the rhythm persisted in the baroreceptor-denervated cat after midcollicular decerebration, but not after high spinal transection. These observations indicate that brain stem networks are inherently capable of generating a 2--6 c/s rhythm in sympathetic nerve discharge (SND). Two forms of the rhythm were observed in the baroreceptor denervated and decerebrate cat- simple and complex. The complex form is characterized by variability of sympathetic nerve slow wave occurrence in the 2--6 c/s band. A model for the genesis of the complex form of the rhythm is presented. It is proposed that the brain stem sympathetic network is composed of a number of oscillators that are directly coupled and/or receive common inputs. Each oscillator primarily drives a separate group of preganglionic neurons. Moreover, the lead oscillator and thus the sequence of activation of the coupled oscillators changes from cycle to cycle. Shifts in the leading focus of brain stem activity (i.e., lead oscillator) presumably account for the complex rhythm in SND. The functional implications of this model are discussed. PMID- 7380023 TI - Regulation of activity of cardiac vagal motoneurons. AB - The discharge patterns of the axons of cardiac vagal motoneurons responding to carotid baroreceptor activation are described. Step and sinusoidal pressure waves were applied to the right isolated perfused carotid sinus in the cat. Other major baroreceptor inputs were eliminated by nerve section. The threshold for activation of cardiac vagal efferent fibers fell into two groups. The mean threshold for one group of 24 fibers was 117 mm Hg and for the other higher threshold group (3 fibers) was 192 mmHg. The peak frequency of discharge in response to a step rise in carotid pressure was proportional to the value of the pressure but seldom exceeded 35/sec even at high carotid sinus pressure. Adapted frequency during the step rise in pressure was also directly related to the carotid sinus pressure and seldom exceeded 6/sec. The fibers responded to sinusoidal pressure waves with a decrease in the number of spikes per cycle as the sinusoidal frequency increased. The average discharge frequency over 2 minutes remains constant over sinusoidal pressures of 0.03 Hz to 4 Hz. These characteristics of the vagal motoneurons are discussed in relationship to known properties of the baroreceptor afferents, which make up the afferent limb of this reflex pathway. PMID- 7380020 TI - A chromatin factor in rat liver which destroys O6-ethylguanine in DNA. PMID- 7380024 TI - Neural control of the heart during arrhythmias and exercise. AB - Involvement of neural activity during cardiovascular adjustments and during arrhythmias can be determined by comparing the results of cardiovascular changes after lesions are made in nuclei or pathways of the central nervous system or ablations of ganglia or nerves are made in the peripheral nervous system. The neural effects can be exaggerated if these systems are forced to perform at higher levels during a stressful situation. The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the responsiveness of the cardiovascular system after left or right stellate ganglionectomy and after lesions are made in the fastigial nucleus of the cerebellum in dogs stressed with submaximal exercise. These dogs are implanted with instruments that are designed to measure cardiovascular responses. Hypotheses for potential neural mechanisms are generated from the results of chronic animal studies, and these mechanisms are tested in anesthetized dogs and cats. Electrical stimulation of ascending and descending pathways in the central nervous system and stimulations such as coronary occlusion and mechanical probing are used to activate neural mechanisms in the anesthetized state. A general schema concerning the results of our studies provides further information about our approach to understanding the physiological role that the central nervous system may exert on the cardiovascular system during stress. PMID- 7380026 TI - Relation of endogenous opioid peptides to secretion of hormones: introductory remarks. PMID- 7380028 TI - Ontogeny and evolution of prolactin's functions. PMID- 7380029 TI - [Basic factors that shape the demand for drugs and their systematic classification]. PMID- 7380030 TI - [Structure and dimensions of the quarters for ready drug pharmacies]. PMID- 7380031 TI - [Position of the standard pharmacy design in a complex with public health and culture and welfare service institutions and trade concerns]. PMID- 7380027 TI - beta-Endorphin and met-enkephalins: their distribution, modulation by estrogens and haloperidol, and role in neuroendocrine control. AB - A single dose of 0.5 micrograms beta-endorphin injected intraventricularly in unanesthetized male rats bearing chronic intraventricular and intrajugular cannulas led to a sevenfold stimulation of plasma prolactin (PRL) levels 10 to 20 min after injection of the peptide, while a dose of 2 micrograms of beta endorphin led to a comparable stimulation of plasma growth hormone (GH) concentration. Met-Enkephalin was much less potent than beta-endorphin in stimulating PRL and GH release. Naloxone, a specific opiate antagonist, completely blocked the stimulation of GH and PRL release at the doses of 0.5 and 12.5 mg/kg, respectively. beta-Endorphin and Met-enkephalin from 41 discrete brain nuclei were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). beta-Endorphin was found in the hypothalamus medial preoptic nucleus, nucleus interstitialis striae terminalis (NIST), nucleus medialis thalami, and periaqueductal gray. Met Enkephalin was found predominantly in the globus pallidus, NIST, medial preoptic nucleus, nucleus amygdaloideus centralis, and nucleus lateralis hypothalami. Treatment with both estrogens and haloperidol led to differential effects on Met enkephalin content in various brain nuclei. Estrogen treatment increased Met enkephalin levels in globus pallidus, NIST, medial and lateral preoptic nuclei, and periaqueductal gray, while a decrease of the Met-enkephalin content in the nucleus amygdaloideus centralis was found. Haloperidol treatment led to a stimulatory effect in striatum, medial and lateral preoptic nuclei, and interpeduncular nucleus. PMID- 7380032 TI - [Determination of the demand for pharmaceutical personnel and the planning of their training]. PMID- 7380034 TI - [IR spectroscopy of diphenylacetic acid derivatives]. PMID- 7380033 TI - [Rheological properties of collagen ointment bases]. PMID- 7380036 TI - [Photometric determination of drug preparations containing a primary aromatic amino group]. PMID- 7380035 TI - [IR spectrophotometric determination of cyclamide, chlorcyclamide, chlorpropamide and butamide]. PMID- 7380038 TI - [Problems in computing errors in pharmacy]. PMID- 7380037 TI - [Quantitative determination of thiodipin in biological material (liver)]. PMID- 7380040 TI - [Concern for village workers]. PMID- 7380039 TI - [Structure and dimensions of the area for the quarters of clinic pharmacies]. PMID- 7380041 TI - [Device for the intrapharmacy visual control of solutions for mechanical contaminations]. PMID- 7380042 TI - [Quantitative determination of protargol and collargol]. PMID- 7380043 TI - [Titrimetric determination of sulfanilamide and other drug preparations using cerium (IV) sulfate]. PMID- 7380044 TI - [Drug preparations: dimexide]. PMID- 7380045 TI - Microsurgical reversal of female sterilization: a reappraisal. AB - The role of microsurgery in reversal of sterilization has been reassessed and 118 cases reviewed. The technical variations for tubo-tubal anastomosis necessitated by the condition of the oviducts have been outlined in detail. All 118 cases were included in the analysis without requirement for a minimal postoperative trial period. Seventy-six of these (64.4%) had achieved one or more intrauterine pregnancies. There was one ectopic gestation. Forty-seven patients, reported earlier, were resurveyed. These patients had a minimal postoperative trial period of 18 months. Thirty-eight (80.8%) had achieved one or more term pregnancies or were in the latter half of a normally progressing pregnancy. The mean time interval between the reconstructive surgery and the occurrence of pregnancy was 10.2 months. The longest time interval was 40 months. An inverse relationship was noted between the total length of the reconstructed oviducts and the occurrence of pregnancy. PMID- 7380047 TI - Premenstrual spotting: its association with endometriosis but not luteal phase inadequacy. AB - Of 32 patients with diagnosed luteal phase inadequacy, only 2 patients had premenstrual spotting, 1 of whom was known not to have endometriosis. Of 23 patients diagnosed to have endometriosis, 8 (35%) reported premenstrual spotting of 3 or more days, and 5 of these patients had endometrial histology in phase with the next menses. Although recent reviews have suggested an association of premenstrual spotting with luteal phase inadequacy, we have found this to be rare in such patients, and commonly seen in individuals ultimately diagnosed to have endometriosis, thus providing a clinical clue to its presence. PMID- 7380046 TI - Microsurgical reversal of female sterilization: the role of tubal length. AB - A group of 25 women who had undergone tubal sterilization by a variety of techniques underwent microsurgical reanastomosis. The length of tube remaining and the segments of tube involved were carefully noted preoperatively, but were not used as a basis for selection of patients. The only criterion utilized for selecting patients was the presence of fimbriae on at least one side. In all patients, anatomical patency was achieved at surgery. Normal intrauterine pregnancy was directly related to tubal length. Of seven patients who had less than 3 cm of tube, none achieved pregnancy. Of seven patients who had 3 to 4 cm of tube, three achieved a normal intrauterine pregnancy. Among 11 patients who had over 4 cm of tube, all 11 achieved a normal intrauterine pregnancy. No significant difference in pregnancy rate was noted in women who had short segmants of ampulla so long as total tubal length was adequate. PMID- 7380048 TI - Unconjugated steroids in the fallopian tube and peripheral blood during the normal menstrual cycle. AB - Daily plasma samples were obtained from 22 high-parity normal women beginning on day 9 of the menstrual cycle. At varying times in the cycle, salpingectomy was performed and the excised tube was divided into isthmic, ampullary, and fimbrial segments. Simultaneous determinations of 17 beta-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and progesterone (P) in plasma and tubal tissue were carried out by specific radioimmunoassay. The highest ratio for E2 tissue to E2 plasma was seen at the time of the E2 peak. The E2 concentrations in the three anatomical segments of the fallopian tube during the late proliferative phase were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than those during the early proliferative and late postovulatory periods. A significant (P less than 0.05) increase in P concentration was seen in both plasma and oviductal tissue after ovulation. The tubal tissue to plasma ratio had a tendency to decrease during the secretory phase, indicating a limited uptake of P during the secretory phase. The plasma levels of esterone were almost constant during the normal menstrual cycle. The highest concentration of E1 was seen in the fimbriae (254 +/- 71 pg/gm and ampulla (326 +/- 75 pg/gm during the early secretory phase of the cycle. The possible role of E1 during this crucial time of oviductal physiology is considered. PMID- 7380050 TI - Sperm penetration into cervical mucus in vitro. I. Comparative studies. AB - Comparative studies have been carried out on the behavior of human and bovine spermatozoa toward homologous cervical mucus in vitro. In both cases the degree of sperm penetration and the pattern of sperm motility were influenced in a characteristic fashion by prior manipulation of the mucus: the most rapid and extensive penetration, and pronounced unidirectional motion, were seen in mucus that had been aligned linearly. By contrast, spermatozoa from rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, and mice were largely prevented from entering either midcycle human or estrous bovine cervical mucus, regardless of its physical arrangement. The observations on sperm motility patterns and the degree of penetration are discussed in relation to a model of the molecular arrangement of cervical mucus, derived in our laboratory from laser light-scattering spectroscopy. PMID- 7380051 TI - Unicornis uterus with a normal external uterine surface. PMID- 7380052 TI - Quinacrine-induced pathologic changes in the fallopian tube. PMID- 7380049 TI - A quantitative method for determining the effects of drugs on spermatozoal motility. AB - The purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether the turbidimetric method of measuring sperm motility could be used to quantitate the effects of drugs. Human ejaculate was layered on the bottom of a cuvette containing Lopata's medium, and sperm motility was measured spectrophotometrically. The slope of the initial increase in absorbance (OD) is directly proportional to the rate at which the fastest fraction of sperm enters the light path and provides a highly reproducible measure of sperm motility. The effects of caffeine and imipramine on sperm motility were studied. The test drug was added to the buffer before the semen was introduced so that the assay would measure the immediate effect of the drug on the sperm. Caffeine produced a dose-dependent increase in sperm motility, and imipramine produced a dose-dependent decrease. We conclude from these studies that the turbidimetric assay is capable of providing a rapid, reproducible, quantitative analysis of the effects of drugs on sperm motility. PMID- 7380053 TI - Postvasectomy residual sperm pregnancy. PMID- 7380055 TI - [Role of chronic hepatitis in the development of the hypothalamic autonomic vascular syndrome]. PMID- 7380054 TI - [Effect on many repeated stimulations of certain limbic structures on cardiac activity]. PMID- 7380058 TI - [Effect of reserpine on adrenergic regulation of the cardiovascular system in animals of different ages]. PMID- 7380057 TI - [Effect of a single multichannel electrical muscle stimulation on the heart rate and heart rhythm dynamics of ferrous metallurgy workers]. PMID- 7380059 TI - [Mechanisms of the effect of adrenergic blockade on the blood supply and urine forming function of the kidneys]. PMID- 7380060 TI - [Device for automatic administration of small blood volumes into the aorta at a specific stage of the cardiac cycle]. PMID- 7380061 TI - [Role of "cerebral vessel reflexogenic zones" in the mechanism of the depressor effect of catecholamines]. PMID- 7380064 TI - [Hemodynamics in dogs with denervated hearts and dosed physical loading]. PMID- 7380062 TI - [Effect of noradrenaline incorporated into liposomes on systemic arterial pressure]. PMID- 7380063 TI - [Changes in the reactivity of vascular smooth muscle at different levels of perfusate oxygenation]. PMID- 7380056 TI - [Certain mechanisms restoring hematopoiesis at high altitudes in anemias induced by exposure to alkylating agents]. PMID- 7380065 TI - [Effect of hypoxic loading on blood oxygen saturation and oxygen tension in the blood of rabbits of different ages, both normal and with experimental atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7380066 TI - [Respiration, circulation, and oxygen regimes of the human body in hyperbaric hyperoxia]. PMID- 7380067 TI - [Effect of resuscitative perfusion on systemic hemodynamics of donor dogs]. PMID- 7380068 TI - [Relationships between blood flow and oxygen tension in renal tissue in acute neurogenic hypertension]. PMID- 7380070 TI - [Gas chromatographic study of the respiratory function of human blood under hyperbaric conditions]. PMID- 7380069 TI - [Hemodynamic and gas exchange parameters during low intensity physical loading in the elderly]. PMID- 7380071 TI - [Experimental analysis of adrenergic influences on the electrocardiogram of dogs]. PMID- 7380072 TI - [Factors controlling oxygen tension in skeletal muscles during aging]. PMID- 7380073 TI - [Effect of chronic hypothalamic stimulation on certain functional parameters of the cardiovascular system in animals of different ages]. PMID- 7380074 TI - [Autoregulatory properties of the human cardiovascular system reclining and standing (mathematical modeling)]. PMID- 7380075 TI - Partial purification and separation of H-2 antigens by free-flow preparative electrophoresis. AB - The membrane fraction of murine spleen cells was solubilized by autolysis in 0.25% potassium cholate and 3M potassium chloride, and the solubilized membrane components were fractionated by ultrafiltration and preparative free-flow electrophoresis. This procedure yielded partially purified fractions with enriched specific antigenic activities. The H-2Ka and H-2Da antigens were found to possess distinctly different electrophoretic mobilities. PMID- 7380076 TI - Species differences in the ability of isolated epiphyseal chondrocytes to hypertrophy after transplantation into the wall of the Syrian hamster cheek pouch. PMID- 7380077 TI - The use of indomethacin for amplifying PGE2-induced uterine contractions. PMID- 7380078 TI - Protein kinases of chick liver microsomal fraction: solubilization partial characterization and developmental changes. PMID- 7380079 TI - Isolation, purification and partial characterization of alkaline phosphatase from Aspergillus niger. PMID- 7380081 TI - Inhibition of human thrombin by methoxylamine hydrochloride. PMID- 7380080 TI - An improved method for the purification of human fibrinogen. PMID- 7380082 TI - Solubilization and characterization of microsomal protein kinases from rat liver. PMID- 7380083 TI - Chemical modification of phosvitin: preparation of dimethylaminovitin and methylmercaptovitin and their utility for elucidation of phosvitin primary structure. PMID- 7380086 TI - Fine structure of fusion reaction in compound ascidian Botryllus primigenus OKA. PMID- 7380085 TI - On the presence of plasmalogens in developing rat embryos. PMID- 7380084 TI - The intracellular inactivation of catalase--I. Subcellular localization and inhibition in mouse liver. PMID- 7380087 TI - Cell lineages and developmental defects of temperature-sensitive embryonic arrest mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans. PMID- 7380090 TI - Distribution of interstitial stem cells in Hydra. PMID- 7380089 TI - Genetics and mode of expression of temperature-sensitive mutations arresting embryonic development in Caenorhabditis elegans. PMID- 7380088 TI - Radioiodination and characterization of the plasma membrane of sea urchin sperm. PMID- 7380091 TI - Structure and function of the zona pellucida: identification and characterization of the proteins of the mouse oocyte's zona pellucida. PMID- 7380092 TI - Characterization of antisera against mouse teratocarcinoma OTT6050: molecular species recognized on embryoid bodies, preimplantation embryos, and sperm. PMID- 7380093 TI - The transient appearance of specific proteins in one-cell mouse embryos. PMID- 7380094 TI - Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in chick muscle and ciliary ganglion: embryonic tissues and cultured cells. PMID- 7380098 TI - Tubulin characterization during embryogenesis of Ascaris suum. PMID- 7380095 TI - Ontogeny of the retina and optic nerve of Xenopus laevis. IV. Ultrastructural evidence of early ganglion cell differentiation. PMID- 7380097 TI - The spreading of epithelial cells during wound closure in Xenopus larvae. PMID- 7380099 TI - Embryonic cell lineages in the nervous system of the glossiphoniid leech Helobdella triserialis. PMID- 7380096 TI - The effects of nerve growth factor on acetylcholinesterase and its multiple forms in cultures of rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells: increased total specific activity and appearance of the 16 S molecular form. PMID- 7380100 TI - Differentiation of chick embryo myoblasts is transiently sensitive to functional denervation. PMID- 7380102 TI - Adult responsiveness to ultrasonic signals from gerbils of varying ages: parity, gender, and housing effects. AB - Groups of adult gerbils differing by gender, parity, and presence or absence of young in the nest were exposed to taped ultrasonic distress calls of male and female pups on postnatal Days 3, 8, and 13. Frequency and time spent performing several behavioral items as well as frequency and time spent in the compartment housing the recorded tapes were assessed in the adult groups. Adult groups differed in rates and durations of certain behavioral items only during playback, with females with young in the home nest exhibiting the highest frequency of nest building in the test apparatus. However, all groups spent more time in the arm from which calls of Day-8 pups were played. Calls of Day-3 and Day-13 pups did not produce significant differences in adult responsiveness. These results reveal significant characteristics of the ultrasounds for each group which parallel certain morphological and behavioral changes. PMID- 7380101 TI - Kinetics of oligodendrocyte-like cells in primary culture of mouse embryonic brain. PMID- 7380103 TI - Early social isolation of the domestic cat: responses to separation from social and nonsocial rearing stimuli. AB - The relative contributions of social-rearing stimuli (a mother and/or a littermate) and nonsocial-rearing stimuli (a brooder) to the formation and decline of infant kitten attachments were assessed by counting the frequency of distress cries produced by separation from the following rearing conditions: (1) mother-littermate; (2) mother-only; (3) brooder-littermate; and (4) brooder-only. Four male and 4 female kittens were reared in each condition. Each kitten was separated from its rearing condition once a week, from 2 until 5 weeks of age, and placed in open field for 15 min. The frequency of distress cries in both littermate-reared groups did not significantly differ throughout the experiment. The frequency was consistently high until 5 weeks of age when distress cries were significantly reduced. The frequency of distress cries consistently increased in the mother-only-reared kittens with repeated separations, but consistently decreased in the brooder-only-reared kittens. The results were interpreted as being commensurate with the social conditions at the time of separation. PMID- 7380104 TI - The effects of social isolation on the behavior of juvenile domestic cats. AB - The effects of social isolation on the behavior of juvenile domestic cats were assessed by rearing 4 male and 4 female infant kittens in each of the following rearing conditions: (1) mother-littermate; (2) mother-only; (3) brooder littermate; and (4) brooder-only. They were then tested twice a week individually and twice a week socially from 2 to 6 1/2 months of age in a playroom, utilizing multiple categories of behavior. The mother-only-reared juveniles were hyperactive in both object play (when tested individually) and social play. The brooder-only-reared kittens displayed enhanced socially directed behavior and were generally hypergregarious, whereas the brooder-littermate-reared kittens displayed retarded social behavior. Observations indicated that littermate deprived kittens did not learn social communication skills and that some prolonged separation effects existed for littermate-reared kittens. The results suggest that the determinants of social play are more complex than the determinants of object play. PMID- 7380105 TI - Development of home orientation in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rat pups. AB - In order to assess the effects of perinatal hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism on the development of an integrated behavioral response, we tested hypothyroid, hyperthyroid, and control pups, as well as pups receiving thyroxine replacement therapy, for the development of the home orientation response. Hypothyroidism was induced in the pups by feeding the pregnant or lactating female a diet of .2% propylthiouracil from Day 15 of gestation to Day 22 postpartum. Pups receiving replacement therapy and pups made hyperthyroid were injected daily with thyroxine, starting at birth. The ability of the pups to initiate and maintain locomotion toward the nest was assessed between Days 4 and 22. Hyperthyroid, control, and replacement therapy pups behaved very similarly on the task, showing a peak in the percentage of pups homing between Days 12 and 16. Hypothyroid pups showed a delay in the peak percentage until Day 20, although the percentage of pups was similar to that found in other treatments. An integrated behavioral response can be delayed by hypothyroidism and still emerge apparently intact at a later age. PMID- 7380106 TI - Development of olfactory and thermal responsiveness in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rat pups. AB - Hypo- and hyperthyroid rat pups were tested for their responsiveness on an olfactory and a thermal gradient in an attempt to evaluate the effects of perinatal thyroid manipulation on the ability of the pups to use these cues in orientation. Hypothyroid pups showed a delay and hyperthyroid pups an acceleration in the development of orientation along the olfactory gradient, relative to controls. None of the pups was able to utilize a thermal gradient in directed orientation but pups moved less at the warm end of the gradient than at the cool end. This differential responsiveness was strongest in the hypothyroid pups, suggesting that these pups could utilize thermal cues in an orthokinetic orientation. PMID- 7380108 TI - The histocompatibility (HLA) antigen distribution in diabetes in southern African Blacks (Xhosa). AB - The frequency distributions of HLA antigens in 25 juvenile-onset diabetics (JOD) and 56 maturity-onset diabetics (MOD) belonging to a southern African black tribe (Xhosa) were compared with those of 153 non-diabetic Xhosa blacks. Unlike the findings in white JODs, there was no increase of B8 or B15 nor a reduced frequency of B7 but an apparently, significantly increased frequency of Bw35 and A2 in both Xhosa JODs and Xhosa MODs respectively. This is the first ethnic group in which an HLA antigen marker has been found for MOD. Furthermore, these findings suggest that diabetes, both JOD and MOD, in white people is a different genetic disease from the diabetes among the Xhosa tribe. PMID- 7380107 TI - Ten-year follow-up of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: prevention of diabetes by tolbutamide and diet regulation. AB - In a diabetes detection survey carried out between 1962 and 1965, 2477 (1.1%) of 228,883 subjects had Clinistix-positive glucosuria after a carbohydrate-rich luncheon meal. Of these 2477, 578 displayed impaired tolerance to oral glucose without having manifest diabetes. From this group, 267 men were divided into five groups and subjected to the following treatments and controls: (a) diet regulation and 0.5 g tolbutamide t.i.d. (N = 49), annual oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); (b) diet regulation and one placebo tablet t.i.d. (N = 48), annual OGTT; (c) diet regulation only (N = 50), annual OGTT; (d) no treatment (N = 61), annual OGTT; and (e) no treatment, OGTT at follow-up (N = 59 at follow-up). In addition, a control group was included comprised of men with normal OGTT (N = 52). At follow-up, 29% of those without diet regulation and medication (group e: N = 59) had developed diabetes. Of those on diet regulation, but without active medication (group b plus group c, N = 98), 13% had diabetes. No individual maintaining tolbutamide and diet regulation (N = 23) had progressed to diabetes. In this group, 80% of those later examined (N = 11) had serum tolbutamide concentrations in the therapeutic range. No individual with initially normal OGTT developed diabetes or impaired OGTT. The findings suggest that normal oral glucose tolerance signifies little risk of progress to impaired glucose tolerance and manifest diabetes, whereas impaired glucose tolerance is associated with a high risk of progression to diabetes. In addition, it seems possible that treatment with diet regulation, in combination with tolbutamide, may prevent or postpone progression from impaired glucose tolerance to manifest diabetes. PMID- 7380109 TI - Reduced perikaryal volume of lower motor and primary sensory neurons in early experimental diabetes. AB - The volume of nerve cell bodies of the anterior horn of the fifth lumbar segment and of the fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglion were measured by stereological methods in rats with 4-wk duration of streptozotocin diabetes and in age-matched controls. The perikaryal volume of motor and sensory neurons was reduced by 18% in diabetic rats and a shift between the number of A- and B-cells was observed in the dorsal root ganglion. The findings are in accordance with our earlier observation of reduced axonal size of myelinated fibers in the common peroneal nerve. Furthermore, the data lead us to suppose that the nervous system abnormalities in early diabetes are not exclusively restricted to the peripheral nerves. PMID- 7380111 TI - Nonenzymatically glycosylated serum protein: spurious elevation due to free glucose in serum. AB - The presence of free glucose in serum was found to interfere with accurate measurement, by a colorimetric method, of nonenzymatically glycosylated serum proteins. A mean elevation to 241% of basal levels was observed in the serum of 11 nondiabetic subjects to which glucose, in a concentration of 300 mg/dl, had been added immediately before assay. After dialysis of serum samples to remove glucose, levels of nonenzymatically glycosylated serum proteins were 0.27 +/- 0.11 and 0.79 +/- 0.24 nmol 5-hydroxymethylfurfural/mg protein (mean +/- SD), respectively, in 57 nondiabetic and 62 type I diabetic subjects. Levels observed before dialysis of serum were approximately two to three times higher. These studies indicate that removal of free sugar from serum is necessary for accurate measurement of glycosylated protein by the colorimetric method, and this can be achieved by overnight dialysis of serum against normal saline. PMID- 7380112 TI - Low plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide in obesity. AB - Plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were studied in a group of 22 normal and 22 obese subjects after an overnight fast. In a second group of 10 normal and 13 obese adults, PP secretion was stimulated by a protein-rich meal. The results indicate lower fasting PP values in the obese subjects and a decreased response during the second phase of the meal-induced secretion. This could suggest a possible role of PP in obesity. PMID- 7380113 TI - Critical factors in the chromatographic measurement of glycohemoglobin (HbA1). AB - Measurement of glycohemoglobin has been proposed as a criterion for the management of diabetes mellitus. We evaluated various conditions critical to the accuracy and precision of the cation-exchange method. Tolerance limits for each variable were defined as follows: phosphate-eluding buffer (0.06 +/- 0.005 mol/L pH 6.70--6.72), column temperature (19--21 degrees C), and resin equilibration (to phosphate buffer, 0.07 mol/l, pH 6.70 +/- 0.01). Hemoglobin absorbance measured in the Soret region (approximately 416 nm) of the first chromatographic fraction divided by that of the total hemolysate provided the most accurate and precise result. Overall between-run precision expressed as coefficient of variation (CV, in percent) of normal and diabetic pools was 4.8% and 5.1%, respectively. When purified HbA1c was added to hemolysates, recovery was 90--95%. Results were linear to at least 18% glycohemoglobin. Hemoglobin F (HbF) interfered with the method, whereas HbC and HbS did not. Red cells could be stored frozen for at least 6 days, thus easing transport of outpatient samples. A reference range of 6.0--8.8% glycohemoglobin was established from 85 nondiabetic adults (ages 23--65 yr). In a clinical study, only 4 of 13 treated diabetic patients believed to be in good control showed glycohemoglobin results within the normal range. All of the 19 treated diabetics in fair or poor control showed glycohemoglobin results greater than 10% of total Hb, ie., well above the normal range. PMID- 7380110 TI - Effects of exogenous fatty acid concentration on glucagon-induced changes in hepatic fatty acid metabolism. AB - Studies were conducted to clarify the relationship between the external fatty acid concentration and glucagon in the regulation of hepatic fatty acid metabolism. Hepatocytes from fed rats were incubated with increasing concentrations of oleate (up to 1 mM) in the presence and absence of glucagon and the time sequence of changes in cellular malonyl-CoA levels, fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, and ketogenesis were measured. At low concentrations of fatty acid the effect of glucagon was to abolish malonyl-CoA synthesis and lipogenesis and to produce a marked stimulation of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. Similar effects were obtained with high concentrations of fatty acid in the absence of glucagon and, under these conditions, the additional presence of the hormone produced little further response. The results are consistent with the concept that the rate of fatty acid oxidation in liver is dictated largely by the relative concentrations of long-chain acyl-CoA (substrate for carnitine acyltransferase I) and malonyl-CoA (inhibitor of the transferase). They also indicate that the preemptive effect of fatty acids on glucagon-induced changes in fatty acid metabolism stems from their ability to reduce the tissue malonyl-CoA content, probably through long-chain acyl-CoA suppression of acetyl CoA carboxylase. PMID- 7380114 TI - A detailed study of risk factors for retinopathy and nephropathy in diabetes. PMID- 7380115 TI - Immunologic features of mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes: depression of their immune responses to sheep red blood cells. AB - The immune responsiveness in streptozotocin (SZ)-induced diabetic mice was studied using the immune responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as an indicator system. In SZ-diabetic mice, the weights of such lymphoid organs as the thymus and spleen were significantly decreased with time after SZ administration, whereas the weight of liver was markedly increased. In SZ-diabetic mice, the level of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to SRBC was not lower than that in normal controls in most cases, although the level of DTH was significantly depressed, on occasion, in SZ-diabetic mice. In contrast, antibody-forming activity, measured as the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC), was markedly decreased in SZ-diabetic mice. It seems that antibody production is more profoundly depressed than is DTH in SZ-diabetic mice. The transfer of normal thymus and bone marrow cells into SZ-diabetic mice caused only a partial restoration of PFC activity. When normal spleen cells were transferred into diabetic irradiated mice, proliferation of spleen cells and production of splenic PFC was greatly reduced as compared with normal irradiated mice. Treatment with insulin completely reversed such depression in the transfer system. These findings suggest that the chronic insulin-deficient diabetic state caused a depression and delay in the proliferation and differentiation of lymphoid cells. PMID- 7380116 TI - Collagen metabolism in the myocardium from streptozotocin-diabetic rats. AB - The effect of diabetes on myocardial collagen metabolism was investigated in rats. Diabetes was induced by an i.v. injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The animals were killed after 3, 6, 18, or 26 wk of diabetes. Urinary glucose levels were measured by Tes-Tape. The myocardium was quickly removed and homogenized. Collagen was estimated by hydroxyproline content. Collagen synthesis was measured by 14C-proline incorporation. Myocardial collagen concentration and collagen synthesis was not altered in the diabetic rats. Collagen concentration did appear to increase in the 18- and 26-wk rats, but this was probably an age-related phenomenon. These results suggest that diabetes does not alter collagen metabolism in rats. PMID- 7380117 TI - A study of institutionalized mentally retarded patients in Manitoba. I: Classification and preventability. AB - This preliminary report concerns the types, and the possibility of prevention, of mental retardation found among 406 patients less than 20 years of age and with IQs less than or equal to 50 who had been admitted to institutions for the retarded in Manitoba prior to 1977. The retardation appeared to be of genetic origin in 27.8 per cent of cases, and acquired in a further 30.3 per cent. 31 per cent of the genetic and 55 per cent of the acquired, or 25.4 per cent of the total group, are considered to have been avoidable, given the full application of current techniques and knowledge. PMID- 7380118 TI - A longitudinal study of very low-birthweight infants. III: Distance growth at eight years of age. AB - Data on growth patterns for a consecutive series of very low-birthweight infants followed to the age of eight years are presented. Of 158 long-term survivors who weighed between 1000 and 1500g at birth, reliable information on physical growth is available for 145 children. At birth 19.6 per cent of the sample were small for gestational age, but by eight years only 7.6 per cent remained below the 10th percentile for weight. Similar patterns were noted for length and for head circumference. Correlations between perinatal variables and postnatal growth were ascertained. The most important positive correlations were the percentiles at birth for weight, height and head circumference, maternal height and the use of neonatal intensive care. Gestational age had a negative correlation. There were 14 factors, including social class and most perinatal complications, which were not correlated with subsequent physical growth. Very low-birthweight babies, even if small for dates, had good prospects of satisfactory growth to the age of eight years. PMID- 7380119 TI - Dandy-Walker syndrome: analysis of 21 cases. AB - During the years 1950 to 1978, a total of 21 cases of Dandy-Walker syndrome were seen at the Vancouver General Hospital. Apart from hydrocephalus, the associated brain anomalies included agenesis of the corpus callosum in four cases, occipital meningocele in two and aqueductal stenosis in one patient. Systemic malformations were present in four patients and included two cases of cleft palate, one of polycystic kidneys and one of congenital rubella syndrome. The over-all mortality was 48 per cent, but has declined since 1965. Of the 12 cases treated surgically, only four have died. The number of shunt revisions was high (about two per patient). Of the 11 survivors, three have normal intelligence, four show mild mental retardation, and four are moderately to severely retarded. The differential diagnosis, clinical course and surgical therapy are discussed. It is recommended that double shunting of a lateral ventricle and of the enlarged fourth ventricle should be the primary procedure in cases associated with aqueductal stenosis or occlusion, and should be the secondary procedure in patients who exhibit recurrence of increased pressure in the posterior fossa after simple shunting of a lateral ventricle. PMID- 7380120 TI - Remote effect of malignancy on the nervous system in children. AB - A 13-year-old boy with Hodgkin's disease developed acute polyneuropathy and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Sural nerve biopsy and postmortem examination demonstrated no metastatic involvement and a lack of cellular inflammatory infiltration in the nervous system. There was significant axonal degeneration in peripheral nerves and the dorsal funiculus. These findings suggest a non metastatic polyneuropathy associated with Hodgkin's disease, and similar cases, predominantly in adult patients, have been reported. This case emphasizes the occurrence of a paraneoplastic syndrome in children, though such syndromes appear to be rare compared with adults. PMID- 7380121 TI - Periodic alpha seizures with apnea in a newborn. AB - A post-mature female newborn with a history of birth trauma developed frequent apneic spells coincident with left posterior-quadrant alpha discharges on her electro-encephalogram. Except during apneic spells, clinical seizure activity was rare. The alpha discharges occurred at regular intervals and were associated with disrupted sleep cycles and a diminution in the proportion of quiet sleep. Phenobarbital apparently abolished the apnea and alpha discharges and resulted in normal sleep cycles and state proportions. At 20 months of age the patient is neurologically and developmentally normal. She has been free of apnea and seizures since the newborn period, despite withdrawal of the anticonvulsant at eight months of age. The authors relate her favorable course to the etiology, periodicity and therapeutic response of her clinical and electrical seizures. PMID- 7380122 TI - Toilet training the mentally handicapped child. PMID- 7380123 TI - Fetal breathing. PMID- 7380124 TI - Duplication of the spinal cord: a discussion of the possible embryogenesis of diplomyelia. AB - The possible embryogenesis of diplomyelia is discussed in the context of the current understanding of neurulation. The mechanisms of normal development of the neural tube differ from one region to another, so the initial step in development of diplomyelia will probably depend on the location of the lesion. In the cranial portion of the neural tube, abnormal folding of the neural plate is most likely to be responsible for the formation of supernumerary lumina. In the intermediate transitional region, the neural plate diminishes as the contribution from the end bud increases, so errors might originate in either or both of these structures. In the caudal region of the embryo, the neural tube is established by canalization of the solid medullary cord, so diplomyelia in this region is most likely to stem from faulty canalization. Once the sub-populations of neural cells have been established, their subsequent physical separation appears to be due to changes in the region between the adjacent lumina, for example enlargement of intercellular spaces and degeneration of neural cells. PMID- 7380126 TI - Screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7380125 TI - Myelomeningocele and social class. PMID- 7380127 TI - [Current concepts of medical practice and ethical principles. I. Introduction]. PMID- 7380128 TI - [The era of technology: new ethical conflicts]. PMID- 7380129 TI - [Therapeutic decision and its implication for family, society and economics]. PMID- 7380130 TI - [Kidney with extrarenal calices]. PMID- 7380131 TI - Cell kinetic studies on androgen-dependent mouse mammary tumor and subline with altered dependency. AB - Cell kinetic study was performed using labeled mitosis method to compare growth characteristics of androgen-dependent mouse mammary tumor (SC115), which grows only in males, and its subline (Chiba subline No. 1), which has partially lost its dependency during passages through males and grows also in females, although at a slower rate. The subline, compared to the original tumor, showed higher growth fraction irrespective of whether inoculated into a male or a female. The cell cycle of the subline was faster in males than in femlaes due to acceleration of Gl phase and this trend was reflected in the cell production rate and overall rate of growth. The slower growth in females was restored by the administration of testosterone. However, growth fraction was rather in the inverse relationship with the cell production rate and this fact suggested that androgen-deprived conditions do not support survival of non-cycling cells. Primary effect of androgenic environment on this subline was considered to be the reduced length of Gl phase. PMID- 7380133 TI - Isozyme patterns of pyruvate kinase and differentiation of Friend leukemia cells. AB - The isozyme patterns of glycolytic enzymes of Friend leukemia cells (FLC) were compared with those of erythrocytes and erythroblasts. Erythrocyte-specific R types of pyruvate kinase (PK) were clearly observed in phenylhydrazine-induced mouse erythroblast, and much less amount of them was also observed in Friend leukemia cells. When FLC were induced to differentiate by hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), the R types were slightly reduced. When the induction of differentiation was inhibited by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), the R types and M2-R hybrids rather increased. These results are reverse of those obtained when hemoglobin production is used as a marker of differentiation. Isozyme patterns of lactic dehydrogenase and aldolase did not change during differentiation of FLC induced by HMBA, and were the same as those of mouse erythroblasts and erythrocytes. PMID- 7380134 TI - Effective combination of anticancer drug with its antidote for chemotherapy of hepatic metastasis. PMID- 7380132 TI - Effect of simultaneous administration of leupeptin on induction of bladder tumors in rats by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine. AB - Male Wistar rats were given a diet containing 0.1% leupeptin, a microbial protease inhibitor, and drinking water containing 0.01% N-butyl-N-(4 hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) for 8 weeks. Leupeptin did not have any detectable effect on the induction of bladder tumors by BBN in week 40, in terms of the weight of the bladder including the tumor, the number of tumors per bladder, the extent of invasion, or the incidences of hyperplasia, papilloma, and cancer. This result is in marked contrast to the previous findings that leupeptin enhanced BBN induced bladder carcinogenesis when administered continuously after BBN treatment. PMID- 7380135 TI - Change of polyamine content in mouse skin by leupeptin, a protease inhibitor, during early stage of tumorigenesis. AB - The effect of a microbial protease inhibitor, leupeptin, on the content of polyamine in the mouse skin was examined during the early stage of tumorigenesis induced by a single application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and repeated application of croton oil thereafter. Polyamine content in the skin was measured at 3, 5, 7, and 9 weeks during tumorigenesis. The mice with no visible tumor were selected for measurement of polyamine content at 9 weeks. Mice were left untreated for at least 1 week before measurement of polyamine. Polyamine in the skin was extracted with ice-cold 0.4N HClO4 and separated into putrescine, spermidine, and spermine fractions through CM-cellulose column. Polyamine concentration was determined by fluorometry with fluorescamine. Group A mice painted with croton oil 3 times a week did not develop tumors. Group B mice painted with a single DMBA developed skin tumors, and group C mice painted with a single DMBA and croton oil 3 times a week showed higher development of skin tumors than group B. Group D mice treated as group C and then painted with leupeptin about 2 hr after croton oil treatment. Animals in groups B, C, and D had higher spermidine content as group A at 3 and 5 weeks. Content of spermidine in group B decreased at 7 and 9 weeks compared with group C which had a high content throughout the time tested. Leupeptin treatment in group D inhibited spermidine content in the skin after 7 weeks without affecting until 5 weeks. PMID- 7380136 TI - Combination antitumor effect with central nervous system depressants on rat ascites hepatomas. AB - Combined effect of twenty-one central nervous system depressants with several antitumor agents was studied in the in vitro and in vivo experimental systems, using rat ascites hepatoma call lines, AH13 and AH44, sensitive and insensitive to alkylating agents, respectively. Reserpine remarkably enhanced the cytotoxic effect of 1-(gamma-chloropropyl)-2-chloromethylpiperidine hydrobromide (CAP-2) both on AH13 and AH44 cells. In the in vivo combined experiments, reserpine also synergistically enhanced the life-prolonging effect of CAP-2 on AH13-bearing rats and, although CAP-2 was not potent on the prolongation of life span of AH44 bearing rats and reserpine was also ineffective at the doses examined, the life span of tumor-bearing rats receiving the combined administration was apparently prolonged compared with control groups. Thus, there was a parallelism between in vitro and in vivo experiments. These findings suggested that the antitumor enhancing effect of reserpine might be due to the direct action on the tumor cells, and a possible mechanism that reserpine inhibited the DNA damage-repairing activity of the cells was contradictory. Other mechanisms are also discussed. PMID- 7380137 TI - Enhancement of macrophage tumoricidal activity by a serum glycoprotein that increased in OK-432-treated mice. AB - An antitumor protein that increased in the serum of OK-432-treated mice showed an enhancing effect on the tumor cell killing by OK-432-elicited macrophages as measured by the 51Cr release test. This protein, designated as LB, also enhanced the cytolytic effect of macrophages on normal target cells, although the activity was lower toward normal cells than tumor cells. On the other hand, LB exhibited no effect on normal, thioglycolate-elicited, or heat-inactivated OK-432-elicited macrophages. The effect of LB on the binding of tumor cells to macrophage monolayers was also examined. On the addition of LB, OK-432-elicited macrophages became capable of binding more tumor cells than before. As in the cytolytic assay, the increased binding by the macrophages was not selective for tumor cells, and normal macrophages did not increase the binding of tumor cells upon the addition of LB. These results indicate that LB enhances macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity by increasing intimate binding between the OK-432-elicited macrophages and their target cells. PMID- 7380138 TI - A scanning electron microscopic study on the peritoneal implantation of ascites hepatoma AH100B cells in rats. AB - The process and mechanism of peritoneal metastasis of tumor cells were studied experimentally by means of scanning or transmission electron microscopy, employing rat ascites hepatoma AH100B. Adhesion of tumor cells by microvilli and/or pseudopodia to the mesothelium was observed within 1 approximately 3 days after inoculation when there was no morphological changes of the mesothelial cells. Some changes of the mesothelial cells, such as irregularity, atrophy, and exfoliation, followed tumor cell adhesion 5 or 6 days after inoculation. It was noted that tumor cells adhered to the mesothelium first where no morphological changes were induced, and it is suggested that tumor cells infiltrate into the submesothelial tissue through mesothelial defects. PMID- 7380139 TI - Mitotic activity of human gastric cancer cells under stathmokinetic effect of vincristine sulfate. PMID- 7380140 TI - Esophageal carcinoma in rats induced by N-amyl-N-methylnitrosamine. AB - N-Amyl-N-methylnitrosamine (AMN) induced esophageal carcinoma in Donryu strain rats when given in drinking water. The incidence of carcinomas was high when AMN was given as 0.0015% solution for 90 days or 0.003% solution for 60 days. There was no difference in the incidence in males and females. Sequential studies showed that 4-week administration was necessary to induce esophageal papillomas, and 8-week administration to induce esophageal carcinomas. Whole-body autoradiography after intravenous injection of N-amyl-N-methyl[14C]-nitrosamine (14C-AMN) indicated that AMN accumulated preferentially in the esophagus. PMID- 7380141 TI - [Gastric xanthelasma: endoscopic and pathologic studies of 10 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7380142 TI - [Opposite variations of carcinoembryogenic antigen and bicarbonates in human duodenal contents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7380143 TI - [Evaluation of duodenogastric reflux by pyloric bilirubin outputs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7380146 TI - [Primary biliary cirrhosis and Biermer's anemia]. PMID- 7380145 TI - [High levels of endoplasmic reticulum antibody titer in a case of alpha methyldopa-induced chronic active hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7380144 TI - Liver biopsy in fever of unknown origin. PMID- 7380147 TI - [Acute pancreatitis and bilio- and duodeno-pancreatic reflux]. PMID- 7380148 TI - [Chronic diarrhea and the Holmes-Adie syndrome]. PMID- 7380149 TI - Radiologic evaluation of small esophageal carcinoma. AB - Eleven patients with small esophageal carcinomas are described. Double-contrast esophagography is essential in the detection of small esophageal tumors. In spite of the "early" detection, we did not find an improvement in survival in these patients. PMID- 7380150 TI - Paraesophageal hernia harboring a gastric carcinoma. AB - A unique occurrence of gastric carcinoma within a paraesophageal hernia is reported. The radiologist must carefully examine the distorted gastric anatomy to look for a second lesion. PMID- 7380151 TI - Pericardial complications of peptic ulceration. AB - Intrathoracic perforated peptic ulceration is uncommon. Two patients are reported with pericardial fistulization secondary to peptic ulceration. These occurred following colonic bypass surgery as a consequence of peptic esophagitis and hiatus hernia. PMID- 7380152 TI - Gastroduodenal erosions in Crohn's disease. AB - Gastroduodenal erosions were observed endoscopically and shown by double-contrast radiology in nine of 38 patients who had established Crohn's disease elsewhere in the intestinal tract. One of the nine patients was known to have duodenal involvement by Crohn's disease, but in the other eight there was no clinical suspicion of upper gastrointestinal disease. The possible significance of this finding is discussed. PMID- 7380153 TI - Intrahepatic vascular lesions following nonsurgical percutaneous transhepatic bile duct intubation. AB - Hepatic angiography was performed following nonsurgical percutaneous transhepatic intubation of the bile ducts in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis. Vascular lesions of the liver (aneurysm, hematoma, arterioportal venous fistula, arteriohepatic venous fistula) were demonstrated in 27 of 83 patients. No clinical complications were observed in 22 of these cases. One patient with an arterioportal venous fistula developed marked hemobilia necessitating blood transfusion. In four patients with severe hemorrhage from an intrahepatic aneurysm, transcatheter embolization was performed. Two of these patients died within 72 h because of liver insufficiency. PMID- 7380155 TI - Needle orientation for transhepatic cholangiography: CT localization of the porta hepatis. AB - The needle orientation recommended for transhepatic cholangiography has a consensus in the literature for the sagittal and the transverse planes. Because of differing recommendations for the needle orientation in the coronal plane, the location of the porta hepatis was analyzed in 50 patients undergoing computed tomography. The mean ratio between skin to the porta hepatis distance and AP patient diameter is 0.38. The best puncture site therefore lies anteriorly to the halfway mark at the midaxillary line by about 3 cm. PMID- 7380154 TI - Portosystemic arteriovenous fistulas. AB - The authors report the angiographic demonstration of arteriovenous fistulas in three patients. The fistula was believed to be spontaneous in one case, related to abdominal surgery and to abdominal trauma in the other two cases. The importance of angiography in the diagnosis and evaluation of this disease has been emphasized in the literature. Early diagnosis is valuable, either to prevent hepatic damage or to give an opportunity for recovery once it has taken place. Follow-up of the three patients has shown that hepatic function notably improved after surgery. PMID- 7380156 TI - Postoperative acute acalculous cholecystitis--an assessment of diagnostic procedures. AB - Two cases with postoperative acute acalculous cholecystitis diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography are described. This rare postoperative complication is briefly reviewed. The mortality from this complication is high because the diagnosis is often missed. Use of diagnostic tools such as ultrasonography and CT increases the possibilities of reaching a correct diagnosis and therefore improves the prognosis. PMID- 7380157 TI - Recurrent enteric gallstone obstruction. AB - Small bowel gallstone obstruction may recur, most often within a few days after surgery, due to an overlooked intraenteric stone or subsequent passage of another gallstone via the cholecystoenteric fistula. In the case reported herein there was a 6-month interval. A critical review of the radiologic signs of gallstone ileus is presented. PMID- 7380159 TI - Cecal hernia into the lesser sac. AB - Two cases of cecal herniation through the foramen of Winslow into the lesser sac are presented. This unusual and potentially life-threatening form of internal herniation can be diagnosed radiographically on plain abdominal radiographs and barium studies by identifying the cecum lying posterior and medial to the stomach in association with the absence of the cecum in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. One of the described cases is unique in that the patient was asymptomatic relative to the internal hernia. The other case clearly demonstrates the importance of increased intra-abdominal pressure as a causative factor in foramen of Winslow hernia. PMID- 7380158 TI - Intestinal pseudotumors: a problem in abdominal computed tomography solved by directed techniques. AB - Differentiation of normal bowel loops from pathologic process by computed tomography is often difficult. Techniques are described for opacification of bowel loops via oral, rectal, and colostomy administration of contrast material. Examples of abdominal and pelvic pseudotumors which were proven not to be pathologic lesions are presented. By following simple techniques of bowel marking, one can avoid false positive diagnoses. PMID- 7380160 TI - Colitis of Behcet's syndrome--radiologic and pathologic features. AB - Three patients with Behcet's syndrome and colitis are described. The radiologic and histologic appearances of the colitis are discussed. The similarities of Behcet's colitis to Crohn's disease are outlined. The cases demonstrate the necessity to consider Behcet's syndrome in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 7380161 TI - Myxedema megacolon. AB - The radiological findings on barium enema examination of 239 patients with thyroid deficiency (192 hypothyroid and 47 myxedematous) were reviewed. A new radiologic finding of transverse ridging superimposed on megacolon is described in myxedema and an explanation for this finding is postulated. The colonic findings associated with thyroid deficiency are presented. PMID- 7380162 TI - Enteroclysis. PMID- 7380165 TI - G-cell population and serum gastrin response to cimetidine-OXO test meal in relation to histopathological alterations in resected stomachs from patients with peptic ulcer disease. AB - The relationship between histopathological alterations and G-cell population in the stomach was studied in l4 resected stomachs from patients with chronic peptic ulcer disease (6 with duodenal ulcer and 8 with gastric ulcer). G-cells were identified by indirect immunoperoxidase method. When atrophy was graded three steps (0, 1, 2), the average grade of DU and GU was 0.23 and 0.89, respectively. There was a significant correlation (r=0.871, p less than 0.005) between atropic grade and G-cell population in each stomach. The mean occupation rate with intestinal metaplasia was 0.9% in DU and 35.8% in GU. There was no correlation between total pyloric area and G-cell population, however residual pyloric area excluding intestinal metaplasia correlated significantly with G-cell population (r=0.557, p less than 0.05). There was a significant difference in the mean G cell population which were 26.5 millions in DU and 8.9 millions in GU. The mean integrated gastrin response to Cimetidine-OXO test meal were 559+/-236 pg/ml in DU and 216+/-124 pg/ml in GU, and there was significant correlation (r=0.889, p less than 0.005) between G-cell population and integrated gastrin response. The average age of both groups, however, was 27.7 in DU and 52.8 in GU, so that these differences of G-cell population and functional G-cell mass in both groups might originate in the histopathological alterations accompanying with the aging. PMID- 7380164 TI - Causes of error in gastrointestinal radiology. II. Barium enema examination. AB - A study of causes of error on barium enema examinations is reported. There were 144 patients with 189 inflammatory and neoplastic lesions of the large bowel examined endoscopically and with a preceding barium enema. Twelve lesions were not reported radiologically, a false negative error rate of 6.3%. Radiographic errors included 11 polyps and 1 sigmoid carcinoma. Causes for these errors were analyzed and classified into perceptive, technical, or combined categories. Ten lesions were visible in retrospect. Five lesions, clearly visible but not noted, were due to perceptive error. Five other lesions, poorly visible due to faulty studies, represented combined error. Two lesions could not be identified and represented purely technical failure. All unreported lesions were distal to the splenic flexure with the majority located in the sigmoid colon. PMID- 7380163 TI - Causes of error in gastrointestinal radiology. I. Upper gastrointestinal examination. AB - This paper explores the causes of errors on upper gastrointestinal studies. Of 129 ulcers and neoplasms seen endoscopically, 14 were unreported radiologically, representing false negative errors. The most common type of error was failure to note a lesion rendered poorly visible by an inadequate examination. Contributing technical failures included insufficient films, poor coating, poor compression films, retained food and secretions, and badly exposed films. Perceptive failures included both misinterpretation and failure to note a lesion. Among 10 false positive errors, barium between distorted folds simulating an ulcer occurred most commonly. PMID- 7380166 TI - Minute gastric cancers found by gastric mass surveys. AB - Minute gastric cancer is defined in Japan as a cancer lesion measuring not more than 1 cm in maximum diameter in a freshly resected gastric specimen. The macroscopic findings, histopathological findings and courses to discovery have been presented in 14 cases of minute gastric cancer discovered in gastric mass surveys. The cases of minute gastric cancer consisted of mostly elevated or depressed lesions and multiple cancers; they were histopathologically classified as well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, and by depth invasion as mucosal carcinoma. Because of the particularly limited physical dimensions of such early tumors, discovery and diagnosis are of course extremely difficult, and are heavily dependent upon endoscopic examinations and the accompanying investigation of biopsy materials. PMID- 7380167 TI - A radioimmunoassay for quantitation of secretory component. AB - Secretory component (SC) isolated from human colostrum was radioiodinated with chloramin-T method and it was subjected to a radioimmunoassay for quantitation of SC. A monospecific rabbit anti-sera against human SC which could react with free SC as well as immunoglobulin bound SC was used for the assay. The present method can measure as low as 300 ng/ml of SC. The level (mean +/- 2 S.D.) of serum SC in healthy subjects was determined to be 31.3 +/- 7.2 micrograms/ml. Studies with Sephadex G-200 gel filtration demonstrated that SC in the normal sera existed mostly as a form of SC-IgA. In contrast, free SC was never detected in them. PMID- 7380168 TI - Studies on circulating immune complexes of the liver diseases. 5. Anti-DNA antibodies and C1q binding activity. AB - Anti-dsDNA and anti-ssDNA antibodies, rheumatoid factors, HBsAg and C1q binding activity were determined in sera of patients with various liver diseases. Anti dsDNA were only slightly increased in chronic aggressive hepatitis, activity severe and liver cirrhosis. A moderate elevation of anti-dsDNA was detected in possible lupoid hepatitis and it was highly increased in lupoid hepatitis as well as systemic lupus erythematosus. Non-specific elevation of anti-ssDNA titers were observed in all of the liver disease groups. In patients with increased anti dsDNA titers, C1q binding activity and titers for rheumatoid factor and HBsAg tended to increase. According to reactivity of their sera to DNA, patients with liver disease could be divided in 4 groups: 1. high responders to dsDNA (lupoid hepatitis), 2. moderate responders to dsDNA (possible lupoid hepatitis or lupoid like liver disease), 3. low responders (only positive for ssDNA), and 4. non responders. PMID- 7380169 TI - A new method for experimental study on gastric mucosal damage--changes in gastric mucosa of rat in hypoxemia. AB - We have demonstrated development of mucosal damage in rats maintained in a hypoxic condition. The gastric lesions were observed only in the corpus ventriculi in almost all cases, and they were rated as Ul-1 erosions histopathologically. The method has proven to facilitate the induction of long sustained, stable hypoxemia of any desired degree in animals and is concluded to be appropriate for an experimental model of ulceration designed for the study of defensive mechanisms. PMID- 7380171 TI - Pathology of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 7380170 TI - Amounts of intestinal microflorae in relation to colon carcinogenesis. An experimental study. AB - Quantitative analysis of intestinal microflorae in the diverted and feces containing portions of the colon after performing an ascendo-descendostomy Roux en Y in Wistar-Lewis rats, the colonic portion from the ascending colon to the midportion of the descending colon being diverted from the fecal stream, disclosed a drastic decrease in the total amount of the intestinal microflora as well as most anaerobic microflorae in the diverted portion of the colon where the amount of the colonic content was extremely reduced. This diverted segment was least susceptible of developing macroscopical epithelial neoplasia after exposure to a carcinogen, MNNG, sufficient in amount to evoke multiple large neoplasia in the ordinary colon, although microscopical intramucosal neoplastic foci were induced there. Thus the existence of the intestinal content was essential for the process of promotion in experimental colonic carcinogenesis. The close parallelism between amounts of intestinal content and amounts of intestinal microflorae, especially anaerobic ones, suggested the roles of anaerobic microflorae in colonic carcinogenesis. PMID- 7380172 TI - [Segmentation in the pathological study of the pancreas]. PMID- 7380173 TI - The laboratory method as a variable in the interpretation of serum bilirubin fractionation. AB - Fractionation of the serum bilirubin into direct and indirect-reacting components has been used in the differentiation of patients with hepatobiliary disease from those with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Previous studies have shown that patients with indirect hyperbilirubinemia usually have total serum bilirubin concentrations less than 5 mg/dl. Therefore, clinically useful methods of fractionating bilirubin must yield reliable results in patients with mild hyperbilirubinemia. Experience with 4 patients with mild hyperbilirubinemia indicated that conflicting results could be obtained from two different laboratories. Therefore, a panel of hyperbilirubinemic sera were submitted to four different laboratories. While there was general agreement in sera containing high concentrations of bilirubin, marked variations were observed in the results reported on sera with less than 5 mg/dl total bilirubin. Finally, clinical and other laboratory parameters were reviewed in patients who had had bilirubin fractionation performed by one or the other of two routine laboratories. In one laboratory, bilirubin fractionation correctly distinguished patients with hepatobiliary disease, while the other laboratory was not able to differentiate patients on the basis of this test. These data suggest that despite the general reported agreement in standard methods for bilirubin fractionation there may be marked differences among methods in ability to reliably fractionate sera with total bilirubin concentrations less than 5 mg/dl. PMID- 7380174 TI - Monooctanoin, a dissolution agent for retained cholesterol bile duct stones: physical properties and clinical application. AB - A commercial emulsifying agent consisting largely of glyceryl-l-monooctanoate (monooctanoin) was found to be an excellent cholesterol solvent. In vitro, the agent dissolved mixed cholesterol gallstones more than twice as fast as sodium cholate solutions, which have been previously used for dissolution of retained cholesterol bile duct stones by T-tube infusion. To test clinical efficacy, the solvent was infused, via T-tube, into 12 patients with retained bile duct stones. Some or all of the stones disappeared in 10 patients during biliary tract infusion of monooctanoin for 4--21 days. Stones from the 2 patients whose stones did not disappear were removed surgically and in vitro were found to be insoluble in monooctanoin. Monooctanoin infusions were well tolerated. This digestible solvent appears to be a useful substance for direct physical dissolution of retained bile duct stones by T-tube infusion. PMID- 7380175 TI - Kinetics of the enterohepatic circulation during fasting: biliary lipid secretion and gallbladder storage. PMID- 7380176 TI - Complement metabolism in chronic liver disease: catabolism of C1q in chronic active liver disease and primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - The fractional catabolic rate of C1q was increased markedly in primary biliary cirrhosis, and in HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease. In 3 out of 4 patients with HBSAg-negative chronic active liver disease C1q catabolism was normal. The rate of synthesis of the protein was increased in primary biliary cirrhosis, but it was normal in patients with chronic active liver disease. The fractional catabolic rate and synthetic rate of albumin were normal in these subjects. These data provide further evidence for the activation of the classical pathway of complement in primary biliary cirrhosis and HBsAg-positive chronic active liver disease. In HBsAg-negative chronic active liver disease, the presence of C1q binding macromolecules was not associated with increased C1q catabolism. PMID- 7380177 TI - D-Penicillamine-induced Goodpasture's-like syndrome in primary biliary cirrhosis- successful treatment with plasmapheresis and immunosuppressives. AB - A 36-yr-old woman with primary biliary cirrhosis developed a Goodpasture's-like syndrome while on D-penicillamine treatment. She responded dramatically to plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive agents. Her illness was felt to be induced by D-penicillamine. This case illustrates the potential toxicity of D penicillamine in primary biliary cirrhosis. We suggest that this drug be used only in controlled trials until efficacy is demonstrated. PMID- 7380178 TI - A unique muscular ring of the jejunum. AB - Muscular malformations of the gastrointestinal tract are rare conditions. This communication describes a unique case of such a malformation which developed as a muscular ring in the jejunum. The ring consisted of muscular stricture with a vascular stroma and scattered ganglion cells, covered with pyloric type glands. A similar lesion, which probably represents a hamartoma, has not been reported previously. PMID- 7380181 TI - Deleterious effects of prostaglandins on esophageal mucosa. PMID- 7380180 TI - Nutritional and metabolic complications in a patient with Crohn's disease and ileal resection. PMID- 7380179 TI - Lymph imbalance in the genesis and perpetuation of the ascites syndrome in hepatic cirrhosis. AB - Despite extensive study, the pathogenesis of cirrhotic ascites and its relationship to salt and water retention and the hepatorenal syndrome remain unclear. This article reexamines the underlying disturbance in microcirculatory exchange of fluid and protein in the liver and digestive tract and specifically stresses that, in keeping with current interpretation of the Starling hypothesis, ascites appears when the driving force of elevated portal pressure overwhelms the "safety factors" of widened transmural colloid asmotic pressure gradient and accelerated regional lymph flow. In light of recent findings that enhancement of ascitic fluid returned to the bloodstream produces a natriuresis, diuresis, and amelioration of ascites, a "lymph imbalance" theory distinct from the "classic" and "overflow" theories is advanced. This theory proposes that a circulatory imbalance between the rate of fluid leaving and returning to the bloodstream (i.e., the relative rates of lymph formation and lymph absorption) is responsible for a maldistribution of extracellular fluid, which, in turn, stimulates renal salt and water retention, progression of ascites, and finally, the hepatorenal syndrome. Should compensatory factors suffice to prevent or reverse this lymph imbalance, the full cycle is not activated or, if already operating, is deactivated. Thus, portacaval shunt (by reducing the rate of lymph formation) or peritoneovenous shunt (by acting as a megalymphatic collateral to accelerate resorption as well as prevent sequestration of peritoneal fluid), both tend to restore the lymph balance and thereby suppress salt and water retention, correct functional oliguria, and ameliorate ascites. PMID- 7380182 TI - Stress and peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 7380183 TI - Etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases: are we making progress? PMID- 7380184 TI - Enteric and extra-enteric complications of intestinal bypass and inflammatory bowel disease. Are there some clues? PMID- 7380185 TI - Mode of action of glucagon. PMID- 7380186 TI - Is commercial "cerulein" always true cerulein? PMID- 7380187 TI - Prognosis of pregnancy in chronic liver disease. PMID- 7380188 TI - Cholecystokinins and the gallbladder. PMID- 7380189 TI - Prostaglandins and renal function in patients with ascites. PMID- 7380190 TI - Vagotomy in Z-E syndrome. PMID- 7380191 TI - A fellow's view of endoscopy training. PMID- 7380192 TI - Calculation of fraction of antacid consumed. PMID- 7380193 TI - Antrectomy and acid secretion. PMID- 7380194 TI - Radiation esophagitis in the opossum: radioprotection with indomethacin. AB - Twenty-five opossums (Didelphis virginiana) were evaluated before irradiation by fiberoptic endoscopy and air-contrast barium esophagram examination. All animals received 2250 rad 60Co-irradiation in a single exposure to the entire esophagus and lower exophageal sphincter. Animals received treatment with indomethacin before and daily for 1 wk postirradiation of 16, 16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 before irradiation and every 4 hr for 24 hr postirradiation. Control animals received only injection vehicle. Acute esophagitis occurred 7--10 days postirradiation in control animals and was characterized by erythema, ulceration, and sloughing of esophageal mucosa as determined by air-contrast barium esophagram, endoscopy, and histology. Prostaglandin-treated animals showed more severe evidence of esophagitis than control animals. Indomethacin-treated animals showed no signs or only mild esophagitis posttreatment. It is concluded that indomethacin treatment may significantly reduce the severity of radiation esophagitis perhaps by blockade of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 7380195 TI - Evidence against purinergic inhibitory nerves in the vagal pathway to the opossum lower esophageal sphincter. AB - Studies were performed on anesthetized opossums. Lower esophageal sphincter pressures were measured with waterfilled and continously perfused catheters anchored in the sphincter. Administration of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and ADP in the left gastric artery usually produced an initial contraction followed by a more prolonged inhibition. Adenosine, on the other hand, produced only inhibition. The effect of ATP was not modified by phentolamine (1 mg/kg), propranolol (1 mg/kg) or atropine (30 micrograms/kg). Tetrodotoxin partially antagonized (P less than 0.05) the inhibitory effects of ATP and adenosine, but augmented the excitatory effect of ATP (P less than 0.05). 2-2'-Pyridylisatogen tosylate selectively antagonized the effects of ATP without modifying the effect of adenosine. This antagonist, however, did not modify the resting sphincter pressure or the vagal stimulated sphincter relaxation. Dipyridamole enhanced the inhibitory effect of adenosine, but did not augment vagal stimulates sphincter relaxation. There was no cross-tachyphylaxis between ATP and adenosine. Tachyphylaxis, either to ATP or adenosine, did not inhibit the vagal stimulated sphincter relaxation. These studies show that: (a) ATP and adenosine may act on different receptor sites to modify sphincter pressure; (b) only a small part of the inhibitory effect of ATP and adenosine is mediated by the inhibitory neurons; (c) neither ATP nor adenosine appears to be the inhibitory transmitter released by the noncholinergic, nonadrenergic inhibitory neurons in the vagal pathway to the lower esophageal sphincter. PMID- 7380196 TI - Chronic gastric ulcer and life events. AB - The purpose of this study was to define the frequency of stress preceding or during the course of chronic gastric ulcer (CGU). Stress was measured by the occurrence of 62 selected life events over 2 yr in two groups of CGU patients. One group (A) was studied for events during the 2 yr before their diagnosis (147 patients) and the second group (B) was studied for events occurring after diagnosis (73 patients). The ulcer groups were compared with community controls matched for age, sex, and social grade. Groups A and B did not differ in any significant way in their reported life events, indicating no temporal relationship between stressful life events and CGU. The combined ulcer groups, when compared with controls showed no differences in the number of events experienced or the associated scores for change and distress caused by the events. There was no difference in the order of the three most frequent events. Only the event "minor illness" was more frequent in controls on matched pairs analysis (P less than 0.05). The other 61 events showed no differences. When events were grouped into areas of activity, financial and legal events were reported by 38 patients and 23 controls (P less than 0.05). Significantly, few of these 38 patients were in the 60+ age range (P less than 0.02). Twenty-four patients reported no events, compared to 12 controls (P less than 0.05). Although there is no difference in the life events experienced by CGU patients and their controls, this assessment of stress has not taken account of the significance of the event as perceived by a particular individual, the ulcer patient perhaps reacting differently to stress and the ulcer being one result of this abnormal reaction. Consequently, the role of emotional stress remains open. PMID- 7380197 TI - Distention-induced gastrin release: effects of luminal acidification and intravenous atropine. AB - We evaluated whether gastric distention with saline test meals could release gastrin in healthy subjects and whether luminal acidification or atropine would modify this response. Distention with 700 ml saline adjusted to pH 5.0 led to a significant gastrin response (averaging 9 +/- 3 pg/ml above basal levels during the first 15 min after distention, P less than 0.02), whereas distention with 25 ml saline led to no gastrin release. Distention with 700 ml saline adjusted to pH 2.5 also led to a significant gastrin rise, which was nearly identical to that seen at pH 5.0. A small dose of atropine (2.3 micrograms/kg i.v.) significantly enhanced the gastrin response to 700-ml distention at pH 5.0 (average gastrin rise 20 +/- 3 pg/ml, P less than 0.02 vs. 700 ml without atropine). This enhancement of gastrin release by atropine was not due to changes in intragastric pH, because pH was held constant at 5.0 by in vivo intragastric titration. Enhancement was also not due to greater gastric distention after atropine, because gastric volumes after the 700-ml test meal were similar with or without atropine. Although atropine enhanced distention-induced gastrin release, atropine reduced acid secretion by more than 50% (P less than 0.05). Our findings indicate (a) that gastric distention releases significant amounts of gastrin in healthy subjects; (b) this gastrin response is resistant to inhibition by luminal acidification to pH 2.5 and (c) the gastrin response to distention is enhanced by atropine, suggesting that distention may also activate cholinergic pathways that inhibit gastrin release. PMID- 7380198 TI - Induction of antral gastrin cell proliferation by refeeding of rats after fasting. AB - The proliferation of antral gastrin cells after fasting and refeeding of rats was studied by using a quantitative histologic method for determining the gastrin cell number and a radioautographic technique after injections of tritiated thymidine for recognizing and quantitating the newly formed gastrin cells. The total number of gastrin cells decreased 68% (P less than 0.01) after a 4-day fasting period, whereas refeeding of rats during 6 days after a 4-day fasting period resulted in a 79% (P less than 0.01) increase of the gastrin cell mass. The labeling index of gastrin cells after six daily injections of tritiated thymidine given during this period of refeeding was significantly (P less than 0.01) increased when compared with this value in control animals. The observed intensity of the proliferative response during refeeding was compatible with the increase in gastrin cell number observed during refeeding. These observations indicate that a new population of gastrin cells is formed in the antral glands when rats are refed after fasting. PMID- 7380199 TI - Effects of carbachol and atropine on gastrin secretion and synthesis in rat antral organ culture. AB - The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of the cholinergic agent carbachol on gastrin synthesis and secretion by rat antral mucosa in organ culture. In addition, the effect of atropine on basal and carbachol-stimulated gastrin release was investigated. These in vitro studies demonstrate that carbachol stimulated both gastrin secretion and synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Maximal stimulation of gastrin synthesis and release occurred at a concentration of 1 X 10(-5) M carbachol. The rate of gastrin release stimulated by carbachol (1 X10(-5) M) was 0.79 ng-hr-1-mg-1 which was significantly greater than the control value of 0.37 ng-hr-1 (P less than 0.001). Atropine, over the dose range from 10(-7) to 10(-3) M, had no effect on basal (unstimulated) gastrin release. However, carbachol-stimulated gastrin release was inhibited progressively by inclusion of increasing concentrations of atropine in the culture media. The results of these studies indicated that the acetylcholine analogue, carbachol, is capable of directly stimulating the antral gastrin cell to significantly increase the rate of synthesis and release of gastrin. Whereas atropine, under these in vitro conditions, does not alter basal gastrin release, the muscarinic antagonist does competively inhibit carbachol-stimulated gastrin secretion. PMID- 7380200 TI - Development of a dual label Schilling test for pancreatic exocrine function based on the differential absorption of cobalamin bound to intrinsic factor and R protein. PMID- 7380202 TI - Importance of phospholipids, pancreatic phospholipase A2, and fatty acid for the digestion of dietary fat: in vitro experiments with the porcine enzymes. AB - Long chain triglycerides emulsified with phospholipid are not directly available for hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase in vitro even in the presence of bile salts and colipase. The inhibition can be overcome by pancreatic phospholipase A2. There is a limited hydrolysis of the phospholipid during this period. The inhibition is explained by the finding that lipase does not bind to triglyceride emulsified by phospholipid but remains in the aqueous phase. A limited hydrolysis of the phospholipid by phospholipase A2 results in the binding of lipase to the substrate interface and a rapid rate of hydrolysis of the triglyceride. With time the inhibition of lipase activity can also be overcome by pancreatic lipase. A lag phase is seen before the accelerated hydrolysis of triglyceride reaches a high rate. The length of the lag phase is dependent on factors such as lipase and colipase concentration, pH, Ca++, and concentration of bile salt. During the lag phase no significant hydrolysis of phospholipid occurs. The primary factor is the binding of colipase to the substrate interface. Fatty acid present in the oil phase or produced from it by a limited hydrolysis of phospholipid by phospholipase A2 or triglyceride by lipase, changes the properties of the interface so that colipase can bind and thereby lipase via its binding to colipase. The milieu of small intestinal content favors the concerted action of several factors to make dietary triglyceride available for an effective hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase. PMID- 7380201 TI - Effect of cimetidine and pancreatic enzymes on serum and fecal bile acids and fat absorption in cystic fibrosis. AB - Steatorrhea persists in most cystic fibrosis patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency despite enzyme replacement, perhaps because gastric acid inactivates oral enzymes. Bile acid malabsorption may parallel steatorrhea. We studied the effect of adding cimetidine (300 mg a.c.) to pancreatic enzyme therapy in 8 patients with cystic fibrosis and steatorrhea. Fecal bile acid, weight and fat, and postprandial serum bile acids were measured with and without cimetidine. D-Xylose absorption was normal in all patients. On constant diets, 72 hr stools were collected during enzyme therapy and during a 5-day course of enzymes plus cimetidine. Addition of cimetidine to enzyme decreased fecal weight (257 +/- 32.6 to 198.6 +/- 32.5 g/day), increased the percent of dietary fat absorbed (75.0 +/- 4.9 to 80.1 +/- 4.1%, P less than 0.05), but had no effect on fecal bile acids (4.7 +/- 0.9 to 4.2 +/- 1.0 mmol/m2/day). Compared with no therapy, enzymes increased postprandial serum bile acid at 60 min (9.56 +/- 1.0 to 14.0 +/- 1.3 muM/liter, P less than 0.05) and at 120 min (9.4 +/- 1.2 to 12.4 +/- 1.6 muM/liter, P less than 0.02). The addition of cimetidine to enzymes abolished this postpranidial bile acid rise. In conclusion, addition of cimetidine to oral pancreatic enzyme therapy decreases stool weight and fat but perhaps not stool bile acids in cystic fibrosis. However, correction of fat absorption is incomplete. Enzyme therapy increases postprandial serum bile acids, and this increase is abolished with oral cimetidine. In view of the incomplete correction of steatorrhea and the alterations in serum bile acids induced by cimetidine, further research with this new medication is needed before it can be recommended for routine clinical use in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7380203 TI - Isolation and characterization of colonic intraepithelial and lamina proprial lymphocytes. AB - A technique is described, involving sequential treatment of the human colonic mucosa with EDTA in calcium-magnesium-free medium, and with collagenase, to isolate lymphoid cells enriched for intraepithelial (IEL) or lamina proprial lymphocytes (LPL). The IEL and LPL isolates also contained small numbers of eosinophils, mast cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. Plasma cells were present in the LPL but not in the IEL. The IEL isolates contained approximately equal proportions of T, B, and null cells. In contrast, the LPL suspensions contained 52% of T cells, 22% of B cells, and 26% of null cells. The most prevalent membrane immunoglobulin in the two colonic lymphoid cell suspensions was IgA (IEL -53%; LPL--71%). In colonic tissue sections, the percentages of immunoglobulin containing cells as well as the proportions of cells containing IgA, both in the epithelial layer and the lamina propria, were similar to those found in the suspensions of lymphocytes stained for membrane immunoglobulin. These and other morphologic and characterization data support the contention that the two colonic lymphoid cell populations, obtained by the isolation procedures, were selectively enriched for intraepithelial or lamina proprial lymphocytes, respectively. Thus, this technique provides an important tool for further studies of the functional properties of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. PMID- 7380204 TI - Development of a lavage solution associated with minimal water and electrolyte absorption or secretion. AB - Ingestion of large volumes of a balanced electrolyte solution has previously been shown to be an effective method of cleaning the colon for diagnostic studies. However, in this paper we have shown that total gut perfusion with such a solution results in absorption of 2400 ml water and 375 meq of sodium over 3 hr, which is the approximate time required to clean the colon by this technique. This might be hazardous to patients who are unable to readily excrete a salt and water load. We, therefore, designed a solution containing mainly sodium sulfate that was associated with only trivial amounts of water and sodium absorption or secretion during total gut perfusion. This new solution might be useful in colon cleansing before colonoscopy, barium enema, and surgery. In addition, such a solution may have some therapeutic indications, including bowel cleaning in patients with hepatic encephalopathy or as a rapid washout technique for ingested toxins. PMID- 7380205 TI - Spironolactone and enzyme induction in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine whether or not spironolactone could induce drug-metabolizing enzymes in patients with ascites due to alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver. The disposition of antipyrine was therefore studied in 15 patients with cirrhosis before and after 13 days of spironolactone treatment (200 mg/day) and in 15 comparable patients not treated by spironolactone. In spironolactone-treated patients, a 40% increase in elimination rate constant of antipyrine (P less than 0.01) was due both to a decrease in apparent volume of distribution by 11% (P less than 0.01) and to a 20% rise in metabolic clearance rate (P less than 0.01). In control patients treated with furosemide or by paracentesis no significant change in metabolic clearance rate of antipyrine was found. As with spironolactone, furosemide decreased the apparent volume of distribution (9%, P less than 0.05) in proportion to the loss in body weight. Since spironolactone treatment was not associated with improvement in the fractional clearance of bromosulfophthalein, nor in serum albumin, prothrombin time, and factor V, the data are compatible with the idea that even in cirrhosis the hepatic drug-oxidizing enzymes were induced by spironolactone. Thus, the consequences of enzyme induction should be considered when spironolactone is associated with other drugs for the treatment of cirrhotic patients. PMID- 7380206 TI - Acute effects of ethanol on hepatic protein synthesis and secretion in the rat. PMID- 7380207 TI - Hepatic protoporphyrin production in human protoporphyria. Effects of intravenous hematin and analysis of erythrocyte protoporphyrin distribution. AB - Human protoporphyria with atypical features suggesting increased hepatic protoporphyrin synthesis was investigated in 2 patients. Analysis of the distribution of protoporphyrin among circulating erythrocytes of increasing age indicated that the erythrocyte porphyrin burden derived predominantly from erythroid sources in case 1, and from hepatic sources in case 2. Intravenous hematin was administered to both patients to assess any negative feedback effect on protoporphyrin synthesis. Erythrocyte, fecal and plasma porphyrin levels were measured serially during basal, treatment, and follow-up periods. In case 1, a significant (P less than 0.001) drop in both fecal and plasma levels accompanied hematin, while erythrocyte levels remained unchanged. Hematin produced no appreciable changes in porphyrin concentrations in case 2. Allergic vasculitis followed hematin use in both cases. Based on data of this study and on previous data, a model for protoporphyrin transport and clearance was developed in which the variable clinical and biochemical manifestations of human protoporphyria are related to the relative contributions of erythroid and hepatic sources to the abnormal protoporphyrin pools. PMID- 7380208 TI - Enflurane-associated hepatitis. AB - A 57-yr-old female with no previous history of liver disease was exposed to enflurane during three separate surgeries over a 12-mo period. After the second and third exposures, she developed systemic symptoms and abnormal liver tests similar to those seen in halothane hepatitis. A liver biopsy obtained after the third exposure was compatible with drug-induced hepatitis. This is the first reported case of enflurane-associated hepatitis. PMID- 7380209 TI - Campylobacter colitis presentin as inflammatory bowel disease with segmental colonic ulcerations. AB - Campylobacter fetus subspecies have recently been recognized as an important cause of diarrheal illness in humans. We report a case of culture positive C. fetus colitis with colonoscopic findings of segmental mucosal edema, loss of normal vascular pattern with ulceration, and patchy involvement of mucosa. These colonoscopic findings were similar to those seen in granulomatous colitis. However, these findings may be difficult to distinguish from a number of other colonic mucosal diseases such as antibiotic-associated colitis, amebiasis, shigellosis, salmonellosis, invasive E. coli colitis, and ischemic colitis. On histopathologic examination of the mucosa, acute and chronic colitis with crypt abscess formation, mucosal atrophy, and mucous depletion was found which suggested the diagnosis of chronic ulcerative colitis. Cryptitis and crypt abscess are not specific to chronic ulcerative colitis alone and can be seen in many nongranulomatous inflammations of the colonic mucosa. Therapy with erythromycin led to prompt clinical improvement, clearance of the pathogen, and normalization of the colon by repeat examination 11 days after the initiation of the therapy. PMID- 7380210 TI - How to "best" measure lower esophageal sphincter pressure. PMID- 7380211 TI - Incidence of carcinoma of esophagus with peptic ulcer of the duodenum. PMID- 7380212 TI - Does cimetidine induce dizziness? PMID- 7380214 TI - Antrectomy and maximal acid output. PMID- 7380213 TI - Type II error in clinical trials. PMID- 7380215 TI - Dopamine antagonists, dopamine, and duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7380217 TI - Elemental diets: composition of Pregestimil and Vipep. PMID- 7380216 TI - Zinc concentrations. PMID- 7380218 TI - Depth of ulceration in acute colitis: correlation with outcome and clinical and radiologic features. AB - The depth of colonic ulceration has been graded histologically in 40 patients treated by urgent colectomy for acute colitis. Dilatation of the colon occurred in only 2 of 16 patients with ulceration limited to the submucosa, but in 18 of 24 patients with ulceration which extended into the muscle layer. Perforation occurred in 4 of the 6 patients in whom ulceration was seen to penetrate the muscle completely; the only two deaths occurred among these 4 patients. Complications of colitis thus correlated with the depth of ulceration. The clinical, laboratory, and radiologic features just before operation have been correlated with the depth of ulceration. While there was tendency for anorexia, abdominal tenderness on palpation, fever, tachycardia, leucocytosis, and hypoproteinemia to occur more commonly as the depth of ulceration increased, no single feature or combination of these features correlated well with ulcer depth. A colonic segment exceeding 5 cm in diameter with an irregular mucosal edge, outlined by gas on a plain abdominal radiograph, correlated strongly with ulceration involving the colonic muscle. PMID- 7380219 TI - Magnesium absorption and metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure and in patients with normal renal function. PMID- 7380220 TI - Inhibition of water and electrolyte absorption by polyethylene glycol (PEG). AB - Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is commonly used as a nonabsorbable volume marker in intestinal perfusion and flow studies. It has been assumed that PEG does not affect water and electrolyte movement, but this has not been extensively investigated. Using triple-lumen tube perfusion technique, we examined the effect of various PEG concentrations (0, 2, 5, 10, and 20 g/liter) on water and electrolyte absorption by the jejunum and ileum in normal subjects. 14C-labeled PEG served as the nonabsorbable marker in the 0 PEG concentration solution. There was a progressive reduction in water, sodium, and chloride absorption as the concentrations of PEG was increased from 0 to 20 g/liter. Though further studies are necessary to establish the mechanism responsible for this PEG effect, the observed changes in luminal fluid osmolality and electrolyte concentrations suggest that the reduction in absorption most likely results from an osmotic effect rather than an inhibition of active absorption or stimulation of secretion. PMID- 7380221 TI - Duodenal ulcer with unexplained marked basal gastric acid hypersecretion. PMID- 7380222 TI - A critical evaluation of real-time ultrasonography for the study of gallbladder volume and contraction. PMID- 7380224 TI - Effects of antigen-feeding on intestinal and systemic immune responses. IV. Similarity between the suppressor factor in mice after erythrocyte-lysate injection and erythrocyte feeding. AB - Profound antigen-specific suppression of humoral antibody responses to subsequent antigen challenge can occur in mice after oral antigen administration. We previously demonstrated that suppression of antibody responses in mice fed heterologous erythrocytes was mediated by a serum suppressor factor. This soluble factor markedly inhibited anti-erythrocyte antibody responses after erythrocyte challenge in vivo or in vitro. We now demonstrate a suppressor factor in the serum of mice injected parenterally with an erythrocyte lysate that is indistinguishable by several criteria from the suppressor factor in the serum of erythrocyte-fed mice. The suppressor factor in both erythrocyte lysate-injected and erythrocyte-fed mice has a mol wt of 150,000 daltons, is heat stable, contains Ig determinants, and lacks detectable erythrocyte determinants. Suppression mediated by both factors is antigen-specific, not H-2 restricted, and inhibits IgM responses to a greater extent than IgA or IgG responses. These findings indicate that the production of serum suppressor factors like those seen after antigen-feeding does not require enteric antigen exposure. PMID- 7380223 TI - Apical distribution of fatty acid esterification capacity along the villus-crypt unit of rat jejunum. AB - Distribution of fatty acid esterification capacity along the structure of the villus-crypt unit was studied in both in vivo perfused an in vitro incubated rat jejunum. Using a cryostat sectioning technique, the intestine was sectioned transversely at 6 micron thickness, from the tip of the villus to the crypt. Morphology and sucrase activity were used as markers to define the location along the villus-crypt unit. Fatty acid esterification capacity was found to be more apically concentrated in both in vivo and in vitro preparations. The apical distribution of fatty acid esterification capacity is a reflection of the distribution patterns of lipid esterifying enzyme activity along the villus-crypt units. PMID- 7380225 TI - Studies on plasma motilin concentration and interdigestive motility of the duodenum in humans. PMID- 7380226 TI - Three-dimensional organization of the hepatic microcirculation in the rodent as observed by scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts. PMID- 7380227 TI - Hypercholeresis induced by ursodeoxycholic acid and 7-ketolithocholic acid in the rat: possible role of bicarbonate transport. PMID- 7380228 TI - Biliary lipid composition in normo- and hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - The lipid composition of fasting gallbladder bile obtained under standardized conditions was determined in healthy controls and in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia without gallstones. Altogether 23 normolipidemic controls (10 males and 13 females) and 50 hyperlipidemic patients (31 type IIa, 7 type IIb, and 12 type IV) were studied; all were less than 15% overweight. The cholesterol saturation averaged 96 +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM) in the controls, and 10 of them had bile supersaturated with cholesterol. There was no difference between males and females. An increased saturation with age was seen in females. A normal biliary cholesterol saturation (102 +/- 3%) was found in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa; this was true also for the subgroup with established familial hypercholesterolemia. All patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type IIb and 10 of those with type IV had saturated bile (135 +/- 8% and 121 +/- 6%, respectively). The results suggest an association between certain forms of hyperlipoproteinemia and the development of supersaturated bile. Since fasting gallbladder bile supersaturated with cholesterol is considered to precede gallstone formation, the present results may explain previous findings of an increased prevalence of gallstone disease in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. PMID- 7380229 TI - HLA associations with autoimmune-type chronic active hepatitis: identification of B8-DRw3 haplotype by family studies. AB - In 43 cases of chronic active hepatitis of autoimmune-type, HLA-D locus-related antigens (HLA-DR) as well as A and B locus antigens were typed serologically. For 14 patients carrying HLA-B8 and DRw3 family members were typed to establish haplotypes. Control groups consisted of healthy persons and patients with chronic liver disease unrelated to autoimmune CAH (alcoholic cirrhosis and cryptogenic cirrhosis). In autoimmune CAH, DRw3 was significantly increased, 74%, compared with healthy controls, 32%, and liver controls, 31%, this increase being similar to the increase of HLA-B8. There was marked co-occurrence of HLA-B8 and DRw3 in 31 of 33 individuals positive for either antigen. DRw3 was present in 23 of the 24 cases with disease-onset before age 30 hr. HLA typing on the 14 families showed that a haplotype including B8 and DRw3 was present in all index patients; this haplotype also included A1 in 10 cases, A9 in 2 cases, and A2 and A28 in 1 case. The results indicate that in the autoimmune type of chronic active hepatitis occurring characteristically in young females, there exists a disease susceptibility gene strongly associated with the B and D locus of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and acting in concert with other non-MHC gene loci and/or environmental factors. PMID- 7380230 TI - [Unusual findings in gynecological surgery I. Case report of a retroperitoneal myoma (author's transl)]. AB - A 65 year old woman, who had vaginal hysterectomy 24 years ago, was admitted to the hospital because of a lower abdominal tumor. When laparotomy was performed a retroperitoneal myoma with a weight of 1,8 kg and 22 cm in diameter was found. PMID- 7380231 TI - [Secondary torsion of the uterus caused by a big leiomyoma (author's transl)]. AB - Laparotomy was performed in a 53 year old woman because of an acute abdomen in combination with a huge pelvic mass. The consisted in a big leiomyoma uteri which showed a torsion of 360 degrees. Both the ovaries and the tubes have been involved in the torsion. The corpus uteri was spontaneously abrupted from the cervix and from the ligamenta rotunda bilateralia. PMID- 7380232 TI - [Critical analysis of the early perinatal morbidity at the department of obstet. gynecol. in Dusseldorf (1975-1977) (author's transl)]. AB - A retrospective investigation of 219 deliveries (of 2870 deliveries between 1975 1977) with Apgar-scores less than or equal to 6 at 1 minute or UA-pH-values less than or equal to 7,15 is presented. Therefore the case histories of 75 spontaneous deliveries, 69 breech or forceps deliveries, and 75 cesarean sections were reviewed. Analysis of our data shows that in 32% of the spontaneous deliveries, in 61% of the breech or forceps deliveries, and in 29% of the cesarean sections the low Apgar- and UA-pH-values seemed to be avoidable. However, the comparison of 1973-1974 and and 1975-1977 gives evidence that the percentage of Apgar-scores less than or equal to 6 at 1 minute or UA-pH-values less than or equal to 7,15 decreased from from 13% to 8%. Also the incidence of severe acidosis of the newborn (UA-pH less than 7,10) was reduced from 2,3% to 0.8%. Further prevention of early perinatal morbidity and improvement of fetal outcome seems to us possible by: 1. the reduction of premature deliveries, 2. a greater application of the intermittent intrapartal tocolysis to avoid mid forcipes, 3. an intensive training for the objective interpretation of cardiotocography. PMID- 7380233 TI - [The seasonal variation in the sex ratio of new borns and the influence of a marked decreased of the birth rate on this ratio (author's transl)]. PMID- 7380234 TI - [Addison's disease in pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - A rare case of Addison's disease in pregnancy in a 20 year old gravida: 2 para: 0 is described. The patient was admitted at 31 weeks gestation with premature labor. The patient was on cortisone therapy for Addison's disease prior to the pregnancy. this was continued. Premature labor was stopped and a 2350 g. male infant was delivered at term. The prenatal and post-natal treatment is described. The seven most important points in treatment of Addition's disease during pregnancy are listed. PMID- 7380235 TI - [Cervical pregnancy with twin fetuses (author's transl)]. AB - A case of a histologically confirmed cervical twin gestation in a 37-year old gravida 3, is reported. The pregnancy resulted in rupture of the uterus during the 18th week of gestation. A hysterectomy had to be performed to control the hemorrhage. PMID- 7380236 TI - [Physician's liability in obstetrics]. PMID- 7380237 TI - [The diagnosis of androgen producing tumours in women (author's transl)]. AB - The problems of the diagnosis of an androgen producing tumour are described within the review of a case of a 37 year old woman with marked virilization. Functional endocrine tests, laparoscopy, retroperitoneal pneumography and angiography did not estabion of the ovarian and adrena veins established the pre operative diagnostic of an androgen producing tumor of the left ovary. This permitted to limit the operative procedure to the minimum procedure necessary. PMID- 7380238 TI - [Dysgerminoma in pure gonadal dysgenesis (author's transl)]. AB - By modern cytogenetic methods gonadal dysgenese are more often and exactly clarified than in former times. The cytogenetic analyses have shown that pure XY gonadal dystenesis is often combined with germ cell tumors. A hypergonadotropic ovarian insufficiency as well as a rapidly growing tumor of the left adnexa were diagnosed in a 26-year old woman. At abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy a dysgerminoma on the left side was found as well as on the right side gonadal stroma and rudiments of the Wolffian duct. Blood lymphocytes showed a 46, XY karyotype. The H-Y antigen determination was a positive intermediary titer as compared with normal female and male controls. The cytogenetic demonstration of a pure gonadal dysgenesis in patients with dysgerminoma is important because bilateral development of tumors may occur. Therefore, hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy should be carried out. PMID- 7380239 TI - [Case report of recurring hydatidiform mole (author's transl)]. AB - A case is reported of seven consecutive hydatidiform moles in the same patient without normal pregnancy. Between age 22 and age 35 this patient had seven hydatifiform moles. The question of the decrease of recurrence of trophoblastic tumors due to improved diagnosis and treatment and follow-up is discussed. The question of increasing malignant degeneration with recurrent hydatiform moles is discussed. PMID- 7380240 TI - Egocentrism in language and space perception: an examination of the concept. AB - Piaget's original work on egocentricity in language and thought and in the perception of space is reviewed, and various criticisms of his findings are summarized. It is argued that in these "experiments" children are often presented with unnatural problems, in situations of which they have had no prior experience. When deprived of customary cues they give poorly considered responses which are assessed as "egocentric." In everyday social interaction even very young children can give "decentered" responses, so the solution to Pigget's problem of egocentricity might be found in social awareness as much as in cognitive abilities and the processing of information. PMID- 7380241 TI - Assessment of conservation of number: an attempt to enhance ecological validity and diagnostic sensitivity. AB - Two procedures were used to assess conservation of number in 56 kindergarten boys and girls. In the Standard condition children responded to the usual verbal questions about number. In the Modified condition the ability to conserve number was inferred from the child's judgments concerning which operations did or did not produce a promised increment in his collection of candies. In comparison to the Standard tests, the latter procedure was intended to be simpler verbally, more motivationally engaging, and more similar to the real-life situations in which children make judgments about quantity. Children performed significantly better in the Modified condition than in the Standard condition, a finding which suggests that the usual tests may not fully capture the child's understanding of number. Performance was also significantly better on tests of identity conservation than on tests of equivalence conservation. This identity-equivalence difference, however, was limited to the Standard condition; the two concepts were of equal difficulty when assessed by means of the Modified procedure. PMID- 7380242 TI - Primary care: action at the biopsychosocial interface. PMID- 7380244 TI - A hospital day care program for alcoholics. AB - A high drop-out rate for conventional outpatient counseling of alcoholics led to implementation of a hospital-based intensive day care program in which patients attend treatment activities at the hospital throughout the day for ten days. During the day care program, patients are introduced to aftercare with supportive counseling and Alcoholics Anonymous. Day care has been found to enhance program flexibility to meet specialized patient needs, and to dramatically reduce the number of drop-outs. Significant short term improvement is noted in 41.6% of patients treated with intensive day care. Intensive hospital-based day care is proving to be a low cost, effective treatment modality. Long term outcome studies are suggested. PMID- 7380243 TI - Primary care multidimensional model: a framework for formulating health problems in a primary care setting. AB - There is a need to develop a systematic method for integrating organic, emotional, personal, and environmental data of a patient's lifestyle into the management of health problems. The Primary Care Multidimensional Model (PCMM) was developed to assist in the formulation of an individual's health problem, whether categorized as biological, psychological or social. The PCMM was applied to 276 health problems attended in a consecutive sample of 84 adult patients cared for in an inner city primary care setting. Seventy-five percent of the problems were categorized as primarily biological, 14% as psychological, and 9% as social. Sixty-seven percent of the "biological" problems were found to have emotional, personal, or environmental variables from the patient's lifestyle considered relevant at the time of the study visit. All psychological and social problems were likewise multidimensional. In the population studied, over 75% of the health problems attended in a primary care practice fulfilled the biopsychosocial model of illness as defined by the PCMM. The heuristic value of this study is discussed. PMID- 7380245 TI - Psychiatric treatment in severe brain injury: a case report. AB - A patient with severe, penetrating brain injury is presented. The patient was in psychiatric treatment for four years, starting two months after the injury; psychological tests were administered four times. By most criteria, the patient recovered completely. The case confirmed earlier observations that intelligence measured by verbal subtests, recovers faster than that measured by performance subtests. The latter continued to improve during the two to four year period after injury. The case clearly indicates the emotional and psychological problems that arise in the presence of severe brain damage. These reactions may hamper rehabilitation, although the gross psychological disabilities caused by the brain injury have improved. It is suggested, therefore, that brain damaged patients should receive psychiatric treatment. Some of the problems of such psychotherapeutic treatment are briefly discussed. PMID- 7380246 TI - The patient evaluation grid: a systematic approach to comprehensive care. AB - A comprehensive approach to patients requires a systemic method that complements the clinical approach to disease. The method described here utilizes a patient evaluation grid that takes into account the biological, personal, and environmental dimensions of the patient and the current, recent, and background contexts of illness. It allows the clinician to anticipate problems relating to patient care and to assign priorities to management plans formulated in the three dimensions. It may also facilitate further research into the interrelationships among the multiple determinants of illness. This approach may help to bridge the gap between psychiatry and medicine by providing an integrated conceptual framework of organizing information. PMID- 7380247 TI - Consultation psychiatry in an Italian general hospital: a report on 500 referrals. AB - Five-hundred consecutive referrals to the psychiatric consultation service at the University of Padua School of Medicine have been reviewed. In 69% of cases concurrent physical and psychiatric disorders were reported. There was a prevalence of females, working class patients, and individuals with limited schooling. Depression was the most common psychiatric disorder in all classes of organic disease and accounted for 37% of all psychiatric diagnoses, followed by anxiety neurosis (18.6%) and drug dependence (13.8%). In 10.8% of cases no psychiatric diagnosis was made. PMID- 7380248 TI - Referrals to psychiatric liaison nurses: changes in characteristics over a limited time period. AB - This article reviews the literature on the consultant/consultee relationship within psychiatric liaison nursing. Data on 284 referrals from staff nurses to psychiatric liaison nurses (PLNs) in a teaching hospital are examined to discover whether the nature of the referrals changes with the evolving consultation relationship. Referrals are found to change over time in their specificity, focus, level of sophistication, and kind of PLN involvement requested. Possible explanations for these changes are discussed. PMID- 7380249 TI - Liaison psychiatry from a British perspective. AB - Some differences in the organization of liaison psychiatry between the United States and the United Kingdom are discussed. The fact that much psychiatric morbidity in general hospital patients is unrecognized justifies an expansion of liaison services particularly where referral rates are currently low, as they are in British hospitals. However, it is important that there should be an evaluation of these services together with an assessment of the complementary role of the liaison nurse. It is also suggested that liaison psychiatrists could make a greater contribution to medical student teaching than they do presently. PMID- 7380250 TI - Use of physiological monitoring in crisis interviewing: intervention in suicidal states. AB - Use of physiological data displayed on Intensive Care Unit (ICU) monitors can be a valuable adjunct for the consulting psychiatrist interviewing a resistant post ingestion patient. Directing the patient's awareness to his own physiological responses at moments of repressed affect can aid in penetrating dense denial of depression and lead to better empathic contact between interviewer and patient. The equipment is unintrusive because it is part of the ICU environment, attached as standard procedure for management of such patients. PMID- 7380251 TI - Psychiatric consultation to a general hospital medical evaluation service. AB - Psychiatric consultation to a general hospital medical evaluation service was reviewed and compared with consultation patterns for general hospital inpatients and psychiatric emergency service patients. Results of a questionnaire survey indicated nearly 1 in 5 patients admitted to this acute medical service (24-hour maximum stay) required psychiatric consultation. A study of those patients seen by psychiatric consultants is reported. The prevalence of depressive illness as well as the psychiatric hospitalization referral rate was substantially greater than in general hospital inpatient or psychiatric emergency service evaluations. The implications of this relatively new area of consultation-liaison for hospital staffing and medical education are discussed. PMID- 7380252 TI - Intravenous chlorimipramine and refractory depression. AB - A total of 252 infusions of chlorimipramine were performed on 12 patients with refractory depression. It is suggested that the intravenous route of administration is safe and effective. It may, in fact, be the preferred route when the oral route of administration is not available. PMID- 7380253 TI - Diet and increased life span. PMID- 7380255 TI - Special considerations in treating hypertension in the elderly. PMID- 7380256 TI - A rational approach to nephrotoxic drugs in the elderly. PMID- 7380254 TI - Drug regimens for congestive heart failure. PMID- 7380257 TI - Does nutrition play a role in cardiovascular disease? PMID- 7380258 TI - Infections and tumors of the salivary glands: the best way to treat them. PMID- 7380259 TI - When a patient is admitted to a nursing home. PMID- 7380260 TI - [Modeling of the combined action of toxic substances in an experiment on isolated mitochondria]. PMID- 7380261 TI - [Physiological and hygienic evaluation of the work of female telegraph operators of different ages and the measures for improving its efficiency]. PMID- 7380262 TI - [Blastomogenic activity of dimethylnitrosamine for animals of different ages]. PMID- 7380263 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the environmental conditions of the group quarters with a varying extent of windows for preschool institution preparatory groups]. PMID- 7380264 TI - [241Am resorption and microdistribution in the skin of rats with a nitric acid burn]. PMID- 7380265 TI - [Halophilic vibrios in the environment]. PMID- 7380266 TI - [Role of the population's hygienic knowledge and habits in preventing stomatological diseases among schoolchildren]. PMID- 7380267 TI - [Methodological aspects of organizing study of the effect of noise on the population]. PMID- 7380268 TI - [Computational and experimental prediction of the chronic toxicity of Nekal for establishing its maximum permissible concentration in water]. PMID- 7380270 TI - [Accelerated method of determining surface-active substances on dishes]. PMID- 7380269 TI - [Dynamic study of chemical substance migration from the soil to the atmosphere]. PMID- 7380271 TI - [Evaluation of hygienic methods using information theory]. PMID- 7380272 TI - [Psychohygienic basis for the academic load of schoolchildren in the lower grades]. PMID- 7380273 TI - [Proofreader's test, its methodological and informative value]. PMID- 7380274 TI - [Development of the bone system in children exposed to atmospheric pollution]. PMID- 7380275 TI - [Prediction of the water quality of the Severskii Donets in the region of the Rubezhansk-Northern Donets industrial center]. PMID- 7380276 TI - [Atomic absorption determination of trace elements]. PMID- 7380277 TI - [Hygienic problems of passenger haulage in railroad transportation]. PMID- 7380278 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the main design decisions for an ore-dressing plant]. PMID- 7380279 TI - [Establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of amiben in the water of reservoirs]. PMID- 7380280 TI - [Functional preparedness of the higher nervous activity of children for instruction in school]. PMID- 7380281 TI - [Data on the toxicological and hygienic characteristics of the new pesticide, pyrimor]. PMID- 7380282 TI - [Physical development of adolescents living in nonferrous metallurgy industrial centers]. PMID- 7380283 TI - Social engagement versus isolation: the case of the aged in SRO hotels. PMID- 7380284 TI - Housing adjustments of relocating elderly households. PMID- 7380285 TI - The lifespan of housing environments for the aging. PMID- 7380286 TI - Assessing the needs of the elderly with existing data. PMID- 7380287 TI - Perceiving needs by staff and elderly clients: the impact of training and client contact. PMID- 7380288 TI - Help seeking by the frail elderly: problems in network analysis. PMID- 7380289 TI - What do I do with him 24 hours a day? Changes in the housewife role after retirement. PMID- 7380290 TI - White-collar working women's perception of retirement. PMID- 7380291 TI - Territorial markings, self-concept, and mental status of the institutionalized elderly. PMID- 7380292 TI - The TG interview: Robert Benedict, U.S. Commissioner, Administration on aging, Department of Health, Education and Welfare. PMID- 7380294 TI - Public support for age as an eligibility criterion for programs for older persons. PMID- 7380293 TI - A policy note on the 1978 amendments to the Older Americans Act. PMID- 7380295 TI - Research in law and aging. PMID- 7380296 TI - Geriatric education in a family practice residency program-an interdisciplinary health-care team approach. PMID- 7380297 TI - An exploratory study of the acquisition of a college student role by older people. PMID- 7380298 TI - Eros and the elderly: a literary view. PMID- 7380299 TI - The poetry of aging: views of old age in contemporary American poetry. PMID- 7380300 TI - Home care services and the rural elderly. PMID- 7380301 TI - Social services to the urban and rural aged: the experience of area agencies on aging. PMID- 7380302 TI - Issues in research and service delivery among Mexican American elderly: a concise statement with recommendations. PMID- 7380304 TI - Foundations for gerontological education. PMID- 7380303 TI - The aged deaf: integration of a disabled group into an agency serving elderly people. PMID- 7380305 TI - [Standards for local vibration in the high-frequency range]. PMID- 7380306 TI - [Physiological ergonomic basis for a minimum height of the work space under mechanized timbering]. PMID- 7380307 TI - [Evaluation of the effect of the work load on gynecological morbidity]. PMID- 7380308 TI - [Mechanism of the harmful action of aluminum compounds]. PMID- 7380309 TI - [Relationship of the chemical structure and antisilicotic properties of a series of tetrasubstituted amino esters of polymethacrylic acid (the possibility of the directed synthesis of antisilicotic polymers)]. PMID- 7380310 TI - [Role of lipids in the mechanism of coniophage death]. PMID- 7380311 TI - [Male reproductive function studied under the action of chemical substances]. PMID- 7380313 TI - [Diagnostic potentials of fiber bronchoscopy with the performance of a transbronchial biopsy of the lung in the clinical picture of occupational diseases]. PMID- 7380312 TI - [Possibility of using gamma-aminobutyric acid for treating chronic xanthate poisoning]. PMID- 7380314 TI - [Dynamics of the heart contraction frequency and the galvanic skin relfex during night sleep in patients with chronic occupational vinyl chloride poisoning]. PMID- 7380316 TI - [Assessment of the degree of hazard from repeated exposure to a mixture of the volatile products from the thermal oxidation breakdown of lubricating oils]. PMID- 7380315 TI - [Effect of oil and gasoline on the capacity of an oil-soluble salt of dicyclohexylamine to penetrate the uninjured skin]. PMID- 7380317 TI - [Data for establishing the maximum permissible concentration of sebacic acid in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7380319 TI - [Nature of the complex action of antimony trisulfide and its distribution in the body]. PMID- 7380318 TI - [Effect of vanadium on the generative function of experimental animals]. PMID- 7380320 TI - [Choice of the optimal scheme for determining minute amounts of 210Pb in bone tissue and biosubstrates]. PMID- 7380321 TI - [Active acid groups on the surface of coal particles with varying stages of metamorphism]. PMID- 7380322 TI - [Health of nurses from the viewpoint of industrial hygiene and occupational medicine]. PMID- 7380323 TI - Development of liver metabolism and serum hormones and metabolites in the perinatal pig. AB - In vitro glucose and pyruvate utilization by perinatal pig liver was determined at 90, 100, 110, and 114 days fetal age, and at 1 and 24 hours postpartum. The in vitro response of newborn pig liver to elevated glucose and insulin in vivo was also determined. Temporal patterns of increasing CO2 and total lipid and decreasing fatty acid production from glucose were associated with a decrease and subsequent increase in total liver DNA and protein at 110 days. A low capacity for gluconeogenesis from pyruvate was evident at 90 days fetal age, but doubled by 100 days then increased four-fold between 1 and 24 hours postpartum. In newborn pigs, the in vitro rate of glucose incorporation into CO2 and total lipids was increased by glucose feeding one hour before sacrifice, whereas fatty acid synthesis was increased by glucose feeding and/or intraperitoneal insulin injection. The in vivo glucose and/or insulin treatments also decreased serum growth hormone and cortisol levels. The results indicate that developmental changes in glucose utilization and synthesis by perinatal pig liver might be associated with changes in liver DNA content, whereas short-term changes at birth are related to serum concentrations of glucose and insulin. PMID- 7380324 TI - The effect of prolonged light and dark adaptation on lens regeneration in the adult newt Triturus viridescens. AB - Light intensity has been shown to affect lens regeneration in adult newts. Experiments were designed to study the effects of different light controlled environments on lens regeneration in the newt T, viridescens. Animals were preadapted to three light conditions: control, light from below and dark for ninety (90) days prior to lentectomy. The newts remained in the controlled environments post-lentectomy to test the effects of light preadaptation on lens regeneration. The results indicate that controlled light sources from below cannot stimulate the ventral iris to regenerate a new lens or inhibit the dorsal iris from normal lens regeneration. Lens regeneration in preadapted dark animals is similar in rate and amount to the control group indicating a totally dark environment does not always inhibit lens regeneration. PMID- 7380325 TI - Relationship of serum somatomedin-like activity and fibroblast proliferative activity with age and growth in the rat. AB - An assay for fibroblast proliferative activity (FPA) using human lung fibroblasts, WI-38, was described. The assay was responsive to varying rat serum levels and was not influenced by direct growth hormone (GH) addition. The relationship of serum growth factors to age and body weight was examined in the rat. In study 1, serum was obtained from lean Zucker rats at 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 30 wk of age. Six samples were taken at each age and serum samples were analyzed for somatomedin-like activity (Sm) and fibroblast proliferative activity (FPA). Serum Sm was not different at any of the sampling ages. FPA was low at 3 wk, but was higher and constant from 5 wk to 30 wk. In study 2, 73 lean Zucker rats (7 wk of age) were maintained on laboratory chow and water ad libitum for 4 wk, and then serum was obtained by decapitation. The rats were ranked according to each of four different criteria: average daily gain (ADG) for the duration of the study, ADG for the fourth week, total body protein and total body fat. Serum Sm, FPA and insulin concentrations on the top 10 and bottom 10 rats of each ranking were compared. Neither FPA nor insulin was significantly different for any ranking. Serum Sm was significantly higher in the top 10 rats ranked by ADG for the duration of the study. Sm was not significantly different in rats ranked by body weight, total body protein or total body fat. The data suggest that serum somatomedin-like activity (Sm) may be important in the earlier stages of growth in rats. PMID- 7380326 TI - On the growth of the proximal oocyte of the fly, Sarcophaga ruficornis (Diptera): 1. Nutritional control. AB - Sarcophaga ruficornis can survive in the laboratory if given sugar and water but is not able to show any appreciable growth of the proximal oocyte. When meat is given in addition to sugar and water, either from the time of emergence or from the fourth day of emergence, tremendous increase in the length and volume of this oocyte is observed. The growth of the oocyte is comparatively greater in the mated flies than in the virgin ones. The possible influence of pheromones or other sex signals was eliminated by keeping controls in a room without males. PMID- 7380327 TI - Strain differences in target organ weight changes among mice treated with androgens. AB - When raised together in a controlled environment, 26 inbred strains of mice differed considerably in weights of seminal vesicles (SV), submandibular glands (SG), and tests in healthy males 100 days of age. In representative strains (high, medium, and low weight SV) castrate mature males administered various regimens of identical doses of exogenous androgen gave SV and SG weights that increased with increasing androgen and maintained weights in similar rank order to those in untreated animals. The relative stability of these differences suggests the usefulness of these animals for models to study the biochemical and cellular mechanisms of target organ sensitivity to androgen and perhaps to suggest genetic influences or susceptibilities to hormonally induced or dependent pathology in animals and man. PMID- 7380328 TI - Effects of sex, age, habitat and body weight on kidney weight in white-tailed deer. AB - Kidney (Y) and body (X) weights in kilograms are highly correlated (r = 0.88) in white-tailed deer. As in other mammals, the relationship between the two variables is curvilinear with Y = -2.493 X0.746. Habitat did not affect the parameters of the realationship although certain sex-age and sex month categories did. However, use of kidney weight in standardizing body condition indices in deer of different sizes still seems warranted for white-tailed deer in the southeastern United States during the hunting season because of the relatively high predictability of the overall kidney-body weight relationship. PMID- 7380329 TI - Independence of seasonal variation of growth from temperature change. AB - The heights of 27 normal boys and girls were measured at intervals throughout a 12 month period so that seven 16 week incremental increases could be calculated. Evaluation of these data suggest that seasonal variation of growth is more readily recognized among females than males and that seasonal variation of growth is not dependent upon marked temperature changes since the children in this study lived in a temperature climate with minimal annual temperature variation. PMID- 7380330 TI - Increases in circulating volumes and cardiac size with growth of White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). AB - Plasma and blood volumes determined by the T-1824 plasma-hematocrit method increase curvilinearly as captive female and male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) grow in body mass from 6 to 61 kg (N = 40) and 9 to 93 kg (N = 34), respectively. Although comparable to other species of Cervidae, the weight specific blood volume averages 33% larger than the interspecific mammalian value of 66 ml/kg body mass. The heart of white-tailed deer is also large, averaging 0.90% of the body mass (N = 53), about twice the ratio reported for domesticated ungulates. The cardiovascular demands attendant with a tenfold increase of body mass are apparently met by rapid increases in cardiac size (both mass and left intraventricular volume increasing curvilinearly with growth) and minute volume of the cardiac pump (cardiac rate and volume ejected per beat, inversely related to the other), which maintain fewer circulations of blood volume per minute with growth to heavier body size occurring from June to November. PMID- 7380331 TI - Congenital anomaly of pancreas divisum as cause of obstructive pain and pancreatitis. AB - Pancreas divisum occurs when the embryological ventral and dorsal parts of the pancreas fail to fuse, so that pancreatic drainage is mainly through the accessory papilla. In 169 patients with primary biliary tract disease who underwent pancreatography incidental to endoscopic cholangiography, the incidence of pancreas divisum was 3.6%. Among 78 patients with unexplained recurrent pancreatitis, the incidence was 25.6%. The hypothesis that the duct anomaly can cause obstructive pain and pancreatitis is presented, and supported by a detailed analysis of 47 patients with the condition. PMID- 7380332 TI - Liver disease and the e antigen in HBsAg carriers with chronic renal failure. AB - This study was undertaken to assess the frequency of development and the stages of evolution of chronic liver disease in patients with renal failure who are chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. Cirrhosis or chronic active hepatitis developed in five of 21 patients and could not be predicted by the initial histological appearance or by HLA-A and B typing but was associated with the e antigen in four of the five patients. However, the antigen was not a consistent indicator of a poor prognosis, as the four other e antigen positive patients did not develop chronic liver disease during the period of the study. Transmission of hepatitis B to spouses occurred in four cases, was fatal in one instance, and was associated with e antigen in three of the four. Determination of e antigen status in renal unit patients who are carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen may be of value to the patient and his home environment. PMID- 7380333 TI - Plasma clearance of oral and intravenous cholic acid in subjects with and without chronic liver disease. AB - The apparent plasms clearances of tracer amounts of radiolabelled cholic acid given orally or intravenously were compared in 14 control subjects and 20 patients with chronic liver disease. The clearance after oral administration was the more sensitive in detecting chronic liver disease and correlated better with the fasting levels of endogenous serum bile acid. This agrees with the predicted effects on clearance of hepatocellular damage and portal-systemic shunting of blood after the two routes of administration. The estimated hepatic extraction ratio, calculated from the ratio of the oral and intravenous clearances, was 0.77+/-0.02 (mean+/-SEM) in control subjects, 0.64+/-0.03 in patients with anicteric chronic liver disease, and 0.46+/-0.05 in those with icteric chronic liver disease.